Iv ... MYCOTAXON 125

MYCOTAXON

VOLUME ONE HUNDRED TWENTY-FIVE — TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER SECTION

REVICWETS. 6 ia Son ipo 8 ed 8 Ag Rd ele OS VES SD 8 FS ROE CER ENR OF RNAS vii

Do eGo 17 RRR ie oP Aad Gn AS OVARY WPLe ALR We de aN Oe ae ae ix

SHOIMSSTOM DT OCCU PCS 6 Maoh ony hu. ty vs eg extra ee a wt 'y Yl antag 6 nig ye tan coe x

ECORI TE ILOR wn ae Nena Soa or PSR i hey BO ol ain oe RE dec Ee xi

RESEARCH ARTICLES

Re-appraisal of Scolecopeltidium Harxia Wu & Kevin D. HyDE

Five Leptonia species from New South Wales and Queensland, Australia

DavIip L. LARGENT, SARAH E. BERGEMANN, SANDRA E. ABELL-DAVIS,

KERRI L. KLUTING, & GRIFFIN A. CUMMINGS

Hymenochaetaceae from Mexico 6. A new Fuscoporia species

from the Sonoran desert

TANIA RAYMUNDO, RICARDO VALENZUELA & MARTIN ESQUEDA

Phallus hadriani and P. roseus from Pakistan

G. MorENo, A.N. KHALID, P. ALVARADO & H. KREISEL

Nidula shingbaensis sp. nov., a new bird’s nest fungus from India

KANAD Das & RuI LIN ZHAO

Geosmithia tibetensis sp. nov. and

new Gibellulopsis and Scopulariopsis records from Qinghai-Tibet

YuUE-MING Wu, JUN-JIE XU, HONG-FENG WANG & TIAN-YU ZHANG

New records of crustose lichens from China — 1. QranG REN & SHuxia LI

The lichen genus Graphis in Vietnam

SANTOSH JOSHI, UDENI JAYALAL, SOON-OK OH,

Tuoi THUY NGUYEN, NGUYEN ANH DZUNG & JAE-SEOUN HuR

Setosynnema yunnanense sp. nov. from submerged decaying leaves

YA-Li Bal, JIAN- YING LI,

MIN QIAO, WEN-YUN QIAN, GUANG-ZHU YANG & ZE-FEN YU

Two earth-tongue genera new for Turkey ILGAz AKATA & ABDULLAH Kaya

Two new species of Septobasidium (Septobasidiaceae)

from Yunnan Province in China WEI LI & Lin Guo

Septobasidium hoveniae sp. nov. and S. rhabarbarinum

new to China We! Li, SUZHEN CHEN, LIN GUO & YAOQING YE

Validation and typification of Gyroporus purpurinus

a7,

ee)

NAVEED DAVOODIAN & Roy E. HALLING 103

JULY-SEPTEMBER 2013... V

Golovinomyces clematidis sp. nov. (Erysiphaceae) from China

TIEZHI LIU & JING WEN 107

Four noteworthy hyphomycetes from indoor environments

DE-WE!I Li, GUIHUA ZHAO, CHIN YANG, ARIUNAA JALSRAI & BRIAN KERIN 111

Radulidium xigazense sp. nov., Rhinocladiella tibetensis sp. nov.,

and three new records of Ramichloridium from China

YUE-MInG Wu, JUN-JIE XU, HONG-FENG WANG & TIAN-YU ZHANG 123

A new species of Emericella from Tibet, China

LI-CHUN ZHANG, JUAN CHEN, WEN-HAN LIN & SHUN-XING GUO 131

Jayarambhatia rhizophorae gen. et sp. nov., an asexually

reproducing fungus from Goa, India J. PratiBHaA 139

Sympodioplanus goaensis sp. nov. from Goa, India J. PratipHa 145

Contributions to the family Thyridiaceae.

New data on Sphaeria mutabilis

Jutta CHECA, M. NATIVIDAD BLANCO & GABRIEL MORENO 149

Phyllosticta ephedricola sp. nov. on Ephedra intermedia

YAN WANG, LING JIN, XING-RONG CHEN, LI LIN & HONG-GANG CHEN 165

Scutellospora alterata, a new gigasporalean species from the semi-arid

Caatinga biome in Northeastern Brazil

JULIANA SOUZA DE PONTES, IVAN SANCHEZ-CASTRO, JAVIER PALENZUELA,

LEONOR Costa MAIA, GLADSTONE ALVES DA SILVA & FRITZ OEHL 169

A new Drechslerella species from Hainan, China

JIAN- YING Li, WEN-YUN QIAN, MIN QIAO, YA-LI BAI & ZE-FEN YU 183

New reports of cyperaceous rust fungi from Pakistan

A. IsHAQ, N.S. AFSHAN & A.N. KHALID 189

Scleroderma yunnanense, a new species from South China

CHUNXIA ZHANG, XIAO-E Xu, JING Liu, MINGxIA HE,

WENBING WANG, YUN WANG & KAIPING JI 192

New records of microfungi from Turkey (Bartin Province)

ALI SAvAS BULBUL & ELSAD HUSEYIN 201

Two new species of Repetophragma from the Iberian Peninsula

RAFAEL F, CASTANEDA-RUIZ, MARGARITA HERNANDEZ-RESTREPO,

JOSEPA GENE, MILAGRO GRANADOS & JOSEP GUARRO 209

New records of Rhizocarpon from China

ZUN-TIAN ZHAO, CHAO LI, XIN ZHAO & LU-LU ZHANG 217

Digitella rigidophora and Redbia inflata, two new microfungi from Mexico

RAFAEL E. CASTANEDA-RUIZ, GABRIELA HEREDIA & ROSA M. ARIAS 227

A new coprophilous Gilmaniella species from Malaysia

TEIK-KHIANG GOH, LI-LING LEE & KAH-CHENG TEO 235

vI ... MYCOTAXON 125

Hygrocybe griseobrunnea, a new brown species from China

CHAO-QUN WANG, TAI-Hut LI & BIN SONG 243

Xylaria in southern China - 8. X. bannaensis sp. nov.

and X. brunneovinosa new to the mainland

Hat-x1A MA, LARISSA VASILYEVA & YU LI 251

A new species of Scutellinia from Mexico Laura IzQuiERDO-SaAN AcGusTIiN,

SIGFRIDO SIERRA, IBETH RODRIGUEZ—GUTIERREZ,

SANDRA CASTRO-SANTIUSTE & JOAQUIN CIFUENTES 257

Study on the phylogeny of Nephroma helveticum and allied species

Hat-YING WANG, DAI-FENG JIANG,

YAN-HONG HUANG, PAN-MENG WANG & TAO LI 263

Hydnotrya laojunshanensis sp. nov. from China

Lin Li, YONG-CHANG ZHAO, XIAO-LEI ZHANG,

HonG-YAN Su, SHU-HONG LI & DE-QUN ZHOU 277

Phylogenetic divergence of three morphologically similar truffles:

Tuber sphaerosporum, T. sinosphaerosporum, and

T. pseudosphaerosporum sp. nov. Li FAN & SHUANG-FEN YUE 283

Spatial data for fungal specimens: retrospective georeferencing

and practical recommendations for mycologists

RICARDO BRAGA-NETO, RENATO DE GIOVANNI,

FLAVIA FONSECA PEZZINI, DORA ANN LANGE CANHOS,

ALEXANDRE MARINO, SIDNEI DE SOUZA & LEONOR CosTA Mata 289

MYCOBIOTAS ONLINE 303

Checklist of Russulaceae from Brazil.

MariAna C.A. SA, Juri G. BASEIA & FELIPE WARTCHOW

Checklist of the rust fungi on Poaceae in Pakistan

N.S. AFSHAN & A.N. KHALID

NOMENCLATURE

Nomenclatural novelties proposed in volume 125 305

JULY-SEPTEMBER 2013 ...

REVIEWERS — VOLUME ONE HUNDRED TWENTY-FIVE

The Editors express their appreciation to the following individuals who have,

prior to acceptance for publication, reviewed one or more of the papers

prepared for this volume.

André Aptroot

Juliano M. Baltazar

Hans-Otto Baral

Timothy J. Baroni

J.L. Bezerra

Janusz Blaszkowski

Uwe Braun

Lei Cai

Rafael F. Castafieda Ruiz

Michael A. Castellano

Santiago Chacon

Maria Martha Dios

Martin Esqueda

Genevieve Gates

Zai-Wei Ge

Shouyu Guo

Ying-Lan Guo

Tan Robert Hall

Panu Halme

Shuang-Hui He

Terry W. Henkel

Dian-Ming Hu

Ze-Feng Jia

Klaus Kalb

Bryce Kendrick

Sevda Kirbag

De-Wei Li

Pei-Gui Liu

D. Jean Lodge

Guozhong Li

P. Brandon Matheny

Eric H.C. McKenzie

David W. Minter

Keiichi Motohashi

Abdul Rehman Khan Niazi

Lorelei L. Norvell

Katarina Pastircakova

Shaun R. Pennycook

Stephen W. Peterson

Alan P. Roelfs

Amy Y. Rossman

Leif Ryvarden

Ewald Sieverding

M. Halil Solak

Clement KM Tsui

Aziz Tirkoglu

Larissa Vasilyeva

Annemieke Verbeken

Yun Wang

A.J.S. Whalley

Dursun Yagiz

Eugene Yurchenko

Xiu-Guo Zhang

Wen-Ying Zhuang

VII

vill ... MYCOTAXON 125

PUBLICATION DATE FOR VOLUME ONE HUNDRED TWENTY-FOUR

MYCOTAXON for APRIL-JUNE, VOLUME 124 (x1 + 1-368)

was issued on October 10, 2013

JULY-SEPTEMBER 2013 ...

ERRATA FROM PREVIOUS VOLUMES

VOLUME 124

p. 46, line 20

p- 69, last line

Go C0 UD co DT

. 172, line 28

. 172, line 31

; 172, line 32

. 178, line 3

. 178, line 5

. 179, line 39

p.-

192, line 20

p. 207, line 37

p. 210, line 15

FOR: 41°48’N 36°31VE READ: 37°27 N 30°54E

FOR: incubation period at 16-19°C ascomata developed.

READ: incubation period at 16-19°C.

for: Fre. le read: Fic. 2c

for: Fic. 1d read: Fic. 2d

for: Fic. le read: Fic. 2e

for: Fic. 6a read: Fic. 6b

for: Fic. 6b read: Fic. 6a

FOR: 1993: READ: 1993.

FOR: Cacerese READ: Caceres

FOR: Simbiosis READ: Symbiosis

FOR: (Gorjon & Hallenberg 2012)

READ: (Gorjon & Hallenberg 2013)

X ... MYCOTAXON 125

FOUR STEPS TO SUCCESSFUL MYCOTAXON PUBLICATION IN 2013

Prospective MycotTaxon authors should download instructions PDE, review and

submission forms, and other helpful templates by clicking the ‘file download page’ link

on our INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS page before preparing their manuscript. Below is a

summary of our “4-step’ publication process.

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sending revised files to the Nomenclature Editor for nomenclatural review.

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Mycotaxon publishes four volumes a year. Both open access and subscription

articles are offered.

JULY-SEPTEMBER 2013 ... XI

FROM THE EDITOR-IN-CHIEF

THOUGHTS ON AUTHORITIES IN TAXONOMIC PAPERS — MycoTaxon originated

its usage and rules regarding authorities for taxonomic names at a time when

there was no easy way of finding author citations. Our authors were expected

to provide authorities for EVERY taxon (fungal or not) at least once (usually at

first mention). With the advent of the Internet and standardized abbreviations,

however, mycologists now have easy access to INDEX FUNGORUM, MycoBANK,

and other sites that provide this information. I personally have been vexed to

struggle through an introduction containing a sea of authorities for ‘incidental’

names and also crammed with text references, trying to sift the important

information from the non-essential. It is now time to revise our citation

requirements.

Shaun and I suggest that authorities for plant (and other non-fungal) names

be either omitted entirely for incidental taxa or restricted (and cited once ONLY)

to the SPECIMENS EXAMINED sections. When a significant host is to be cited

frequently, then the proper authority should be given (ONCE!) at first mention

(usually in that overworked Introduction, unfortunately).

When it comes to fungi, however, our old rule applies for the nonce. We still

require authorities be cited (ONCE ONLY) for all fungal names — either at first

mention or within a table or appropriate taxonomic section.

MYCOTAXON 125 contains 37 papers by 140 authors (from 20 countries) and

revised by 54 expert reviewers. It also announces two new mycobiotas for its

website.

Within these pages are two new genera with two new species (Digitella

from Mexico, Jayarambhatia from India) plus 31 other species new to science

representing Drechslerella, Emericella, Geosmithia, Golovinomyces, Hydnotrya,

Hygrocybe, Nephroma, Phyllosticta, Radulidium, Rhinocladiella, Scleroderma,

Septobasidium, Setosynnema, Tuber, and Xylaria from China; Fuscoporia,

Redbia, and Scutellinia from Mexico; Gilmaniella from Malaysia; Leptonia

from Australia; Nidula from India; Repetophragma from the Iberian peninsula;

Scutellospora from Brazil; and Sympodioplanus from India.

In addition to range extensions for previously named taxa, we also offer new

combinations in Leptonia, Mattirolia, Micropeltis, Scolecopeltis, and Thyridium

as well as a validation of a Gyroporus from North America, a monograph of

Graphis in Vietnam, and an excellent overview of how to provide the essential

georeference data for all fungal collections.

Warm regards,

Lorelei L. Norvell (Editor-in-Chief)

12 November 2013

MY COTAXON

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/125.1

Volume 125, pp. 1-10 July-September 2013

Re-appraisal of Scolecopeltidium

Hatrx1A Wu! & KEVIN D. HypDE??*

‘ International Fungal Research and Development Centre, Key Laboratory of Resource Insect

Cultivation & Utilization State Forestry Administration, The Research Institute of Resource

Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry Kunming 650224, PR China

? Institute of Excellence in Fungal Research, School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University,

Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: kdhyde3@gmail.com

ABSTRACT — The five new species included in the original circumscription of Scolecopeltidium

are re-examined, redescribed, and illustrated. Scolecopeltidium mirabile and S. hormosporum

are retained in Scolecopeltidium, while S. liciniae is lectotypified and transferred to

Scolecopeltis, and S. costi and S. multiseptatum are transferred to Micropeltis.

Key worps — Dothideomycetes, morphological characters, taxonomy

Introduction

Scolecopeltidium, which was established by Stevens & Manter (1925),

comprises species that lack superficial mycelium and are foliar epiphytes on

leaves. In Scolecopeltidium thyriothecia are relatively large, circular, and blue-

green with a central rounded irregular ostiole and poorly developed basal

peridium. The upper thyrothecial wall consists of an irregular meandering

arrangement of compact hyphae (Wu et al. 2011a). The dense filamentous

hamathecium comprises pseudoparaphyses embedded in mucilage

surrounding the asci, which are inclined towards the center. Asci are bitunicate

or fissitunicate, obclavate, and pedicellate, lacking an ocular chamber, and

containing fasciculate long cylindrical to filiform ascospores (Wu et al. 201 1a).

Stevens & Manter (1925) introduced eleven species in Scolecopeltidium (five

new to science and six new combinations) but did not indicate any type

for the genus. ‘The earliest designation of a generic type was by Clements &

Shear (1931), who selected S. salacense (Racib.) E Stevens & Manter (and also

proposed the superfluous replacement name, Scolecopeltium). Scolecopeltidium

has until recently been listed as a genus of Microthyriaceae, although Lumbsch

& Huhndorf (2010) suggested that the placement in this family is uncertain.

2 ... Wu & Hyde

Batista (1959), who redescribed the genus, added many taxa and brought

the total to 69 species. He retained S. salacense within Scolecopeltidium but

designated S. mirabile as a substitute generic type; however this re-typification

is inadmissible (ICN Art. 10.5; McNeill et al. 2012). Species were distinguished

based on ascoma color and size and ascospore septation. Batista’s (1959)

placement of Scolecopeltidium in Micropeltidaceae was confirmed by Wu et

al. (2011a). There are currently no molecular data for any Scolecopeltidium

species.

Mistakenly following Batista (1959) in treating S. mirabile as the generic

type, Wu et al. (201la) provided a description and plate based on a 1931

Stevens collection. The correct generic type, S. salacense, is described as having

8-spored asci, copious paraphyses, and 6-12-septate ascospores (Raciborski

1900; Stevens & Manter 1925), but we have been unable to locate any authentic

specimen of S. salacense.

We redescribe and illustrate the generic types of Dothideomycetes (Zhang et

al. 2008, 2009, 2012; Wu et al. 2010, 2011a,b) and, where possible, have selected

fresh specimens for epitypification and molecular analysis to provide a natural

classification (e.g., Wu et al. 2011a; Chomnunti et al. 2011). In this paper, we

re-examine the five new species described in Scolecopeltidium by Stevens &

Manter (1925).

Materials & methods

Type specimens of the species were obtained from NY and ILL (for full names of

herbaria see http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/index.php). The methods follow those of Wu

et al. (201 1a).

Taxonomy

Micropeltidaceae

Wt et al. (2011a) illustrated Micropeltis applanata Mont. (type species of

Micropeltidaceae) and transferred Byssopeltis and Scolecopeltidium to the

family. Scolecopeltidium, Scolecopeltis, and Micropeltis can be differentiated

morphologically based on the presence or absence of pseudoparaphyses and

shape and septation of ascospores. Studies at the molecular level are needed to

confirm the separation of genera based on these characters.

Key to the genera of the Micropeltidaceae discussed in this paper

1. Ascospores either spindle-shaped to fusiform or filiform to long clavate;

pseudoparaplysesicusually)spbesen tr .1 tre. Fetes aus ars sleet adage atloharag wands ar she 2

1. Ascospores spindle-shaped to fusiform; pseudoparaphyses absent . . Scolecopeltis

2, —~ASCOSpOrey’s5-SEDtate so 5.504 vb ion x wGGoe d eGuee | Sede Feeder eee Scolecopeltidium

ten | USSCOSDORES: 2 a SOP UALS i Fn ls Fe Wil i Nae Ne ch Me che eho Micropeltis

Scolecopeltidium revisited ... 3

Scolecopeltidium F. Stevens & Manter, Bot. Gaz. 79(3): 282 (1925)

TyPE: Scolecopeltidium salacense (Racib.) F. Stevens & Manter, Bot. Gaz. 79(3): 282 (1925)

as “salacensis”. [Designated by Clements & Shear 1931: 304, sub “Scolecopeltium”.] [Type

specimen not seen. ]

FOLIAR EPIPHYTES on leaves, lacking superficial mycelium. THYRIOTHECIA

relatively large, circular, scattered, membranaceous or submembraneous,

superficial, blue-green to dark-green or black, base poorly developed, with a

central rounded irregular ostiole; in section lenticular. UPPER WALL comprising

an irregular meandering arrangement of compact hyphae. PERIDIUM a

single stratum, comprising one to several layers of compact brownish

black pseudoparenchymatous cells. HAMATHECIUM of dense, filamentous,

pseudoparaphyses, embedded in mucilage, surrounding the asci, which are

inclined towards the center. Asci 2—8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, obclavate,

pedicellate, ocular chamber not observed. Ascosporss fasciculate, spindle-

shaped or fusiform to long cylindrical or filiform, tapering towards the base.

ANAMORPHS: Not established for the genus (Hyde et al. 2011).

Notes: We retain S. mirabile and S. hormosporum in Scolecopeltidium.

Scolecopeltidium mirabile F. Stevens & Manter, Bot. Gaz. 79(3): 283 (1925)

This species was described and illustrated in Wu et al. (2011a) based on

a collection of Stevens, on leaves of Diospyros aherni from Philippines on 18

January 1931, NY 2021. Although the host and distribution differ, there are

only minor differences between the original description (specimens from

Kartabo, Guyana) and the 1931 Stevens specimen described in Wu et al.

(201la). Although Wu et al. described the 1931 Stevens specimen’s asci as

8-spored and the ascospores as having 28-38 septa, the original description

cited asci as 2-4-spored and ascospores as having up to 48 septa.

Scolecopeltidium hormosporum F. Stevens & Manter, Bot. Gaz. 79(3): 283

(1925) PLATE 1

FOLIAR EPIPHYTES on the upper surface of leaves, lacking superficial mycelium.

THYRIOTHECIA 1940-2960 um diam x 75-95 um high, relatively large, scattered,

superficial, carbonaceous, rounded from above, blue-green to black, base wall

poorly developed, with a central rounded irregular ostiole; in section lenticular.

UPPER WALL comprising an irregular meandering arrangement of compact

hyphae. PERIpIUM 16.8-22.5 um wide, a single stratum, composed one to several

layers of brown-black and compact pseudoparenchymatous cells. HAMATHECIUM

of dense, 1-2 um wide, filamentous, branched pseudoparaphyses embedded in

mucilage, longer than, and surrounding the asci. Asc1 90-125 x 13.5-33 um

when young, 175-195 x 33.5 x 54.5 um (mean = 159.9 x 43.9 um, n = 15) at

maturity, 3-6-spored, fusiform, pedicel short, with a distinctive but small ocular

chamber. Ascospores 150-160 x 8.5-9.5 um (mean = 156.5 x 9 um, n = 20),

4 ... Wu & Hyde

the host leaf surface. C, D. Squash mounts of ascoma showing strutures of tissues. E, G. Asci. EF

Pseudoparaphyses. H, I. Ascospores with numerous septa. Scale bars: B = 500 um, C, E = 20 um,

D, F-I = 10 um.

filiform to long cylindrical, apex widest (about 9.5 um), end cells slightly elongate

and wide, other cells spherical, hyaline, with 22-28 septa, constricted at septa,

and curved in the ascus, immature spores with only one cell.

MATERIAL EXAMINED: GUYANA (British Guiana), Kartalo, on unknown host, 23 July

1922, EL. Stevens No. 581 (ILL6779, holotype).

Scolecopeltis Speg., Boln. Acad. nac. Cienc. Cordoba 11(4): 574 (1889)

TYPE SPECIES: Scolecopeltis tropicalis Speg., Boln. Acad. nac. Cienc. Cordoba 11(4): 574

[no. 369] (1889)

FOLIAR EPIPHYTES on leaves, lacking superficial mycelium. THYRIOTHECIA,

circular, scattered, membranaceous or submembraneous, superficial, blue-green

to black brown, base poorly developed, with a central rounded ostiole; in section

lenticular. UPPER WALL composed of irregularly meandering and interwoven

compact hyphae. Peridium a single stratum, composed of one to several layers

of compact brownish black pseudoparenchymatous cells. PSEUDOPARAPHYSES

Scolecopeltidium revisited ... 5

absent. Asci (4-) 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, obclavate, pedicellate,

ocular chamber not observed. Ascospores, overlapping, spindle-shaped to

fusiform, with more than 10 septa.

ANAMORPHS: None reported.

Notes: Scolecopeltis differs from Scolecopeltidium in lacking a hamathecium

of pseudoparaphyses (Stevens & Manter 1925). We transfer Scolecopeltidium

liciniae to Scolecopeltis.

PLATE 2. Scolecopeltis liciniae (lectotype, ILL6780). A, B. Appearance of ascomata on the host

surface. C, D. Squash mount of ascomata. E, F. Section of ascomata. G, H, J. Immature asci.

I, K, L. Ascospores. Scale bars: B = 500 um, C = 200 um, D-J = 10 um, E = 20 um, K, L= 5 um.

6 ... Wu & Hyde

Scolecopeltis liciniae (F. Stevens & Manter) H.X. Wu & K.D. Hyde, comb. nov.

MycoBANK NUMBER: MB801935 PLATE 2

= Scolecopeltidium liciniae F. Stevens & Manter, Bot. Gaz. 79(3): 283 (1925)

Type: Guyana (British Guiana), Rockstone, on leaves of Licinia sp., 17 July 1922, EL.

Stevens No. 479 (Lectotype designated here, ILL6780).

FOLIAR EPIPHYTES on the lower surface of leaves of Licinia sp. (Liliaceae), lacking

superficial mycelium. THYRIOTHECIA 1500-1600 um diameter, scattered,

superficial, blue-green, membranaceous or submembraneous, rounded, within

loosely interwoven hyphae at the margin, dome-like in section, with a rounded

ostiole. PERIDIUM 14.5-16.5 um thick, composed of interwoven hyphae,

lacking at the base. HAMATHECIUM of sparse, paraphyses absent, surrounded

by mucilage and themselves surrounding asci, which form from the tissues at

the circumference and base. Asci 99-139 x 20-27.5 um (mean = 115.5 x 23.3

um, n = 15), 8-spored, cylindro-clavate, with a short pedicel about 1.5 x 1

um, ocular chamber not observed. AscosporEs 65.7-76.8 x 8.1-12 um (mean

= 69.9 x 10.1 um, n = 20), overlapping, spindle-shaped to fusiform, 11-13

septa, rounded towards the apex, tapering towards the base, middle cells wider,

conical, hyaline, slightly constricted at septa.

Notes: Stevens & Manter (1925) cited two collections [syntypes] in the

protologue of S. liciniae: No. 423 [ILL 6781] and No. 479 [ILL 6780], both

conserved in Stevens’ herbarium at ILL. However, ILL 6781 represents a

different species with pseudoparaphyses and 3-celled ascospores. We therefore

designate ILL 6780 (on Licinia sp.) as lectotype.

Micropeltis Mont., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 17: 122 (1842)

TYPE SPECIES: Micropeltis applanata Mont., Annls Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 17: 122 (1842)

FOLIAR EPIPHYTES on the surface of leaves, superficial mycelium absent or

not observed. THYRIOTHECIA circular, gregarious, superficial, membranous,

bluish or greenish to black, lower peridium poorly developed, easily

removed from the host surface, with a central irregular ostiole; lenticular in

section. UPPER WALL composed of irregularly meandering compact hyphae.

PERipIuM black to light brown, comprising two strata, outer cells black and

compact, inner cells comprising a textura angularis of loose light brown cells.

HAMATHECIUM consisting of asci embedded in mucilage and inclined toward

the central ostiole with sparse or evanescent pseudoparaphyses present. ASscI

6-8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, obclavate to widely fusiform, pedicellate,

ocular chamber not obvious. Ascospores overlapping 2-3-seriate, hyaline,

long clavate to elliptic, trans-septate, smooth-walled.

ANAMORPHS: None reported.

Notes: Micropeltis differs from Scolecopeltidium in having fewer septa in

its ascospores (Stevens & Manter 1925). We transfer Scolecopeltidium costi and

S. multiseptatum to Micropeltis.

Scolecopeltidium revisited ... 7

Micropeltis costi (F. Stevens & Manter) H.X. Wu & K.D. Hyde, comb. nov. PLATE 3

MycoBANK NUMBER: MB801936

= Scolecopeltidium costi F. Stevens & Manter, Bot. Gaz. 79(3): 284 (1925)

FOLIAR EPIPHYTES on the upper surface of leaves, lacking superficial

mycelium. THYRIOTHECIA 830-1120 um diam x 45-51 um high, rounded,

cia

on the host surface.C, D. Squash mount of ascoma. E, FE Section of ascomata. G-I, L. Asci.

J. Ascospores with 4-5 septa.K. Pseudoparaphyses. Scale bars: B = 500 um, C = 60 um,

D,F = 20 um, E = 40 um, G-L = 10 um.

8 ... Wu & Hyde

scattered, membranaceous or submembraneous, superficial, blue-green,

basal peridium lacking, with a central rounded ostiole; dome-like in section.

UPPER WALL comprising an irregular meandering arrangement of hyphae, with

loosely interwoven hyphae at the margin. PERrIpIuM 5-10 um wide, a single

stratum, composed one to several brownish black to light brown layers outside

compact pseudoparenchymatous cells. HAMATHECIUM of dense, filiform 2 um

wide pseudoparaphyses, embedded in mucilage, surrounding the asci inclined

towards the center. Asc1 40-58 x11-22um (mean = 50.7 x15.8 um, n = 15),

8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate dehiscence not observed, broadly fusiform,

with a 5 um wide x 6 um long pedicel. AscosporEs 20-28 x 4-5 um (mean =

22.8 x 4.5 um, n = 20), 4-5 overlapping, elliptic or spindle-shaped, hyaline, 4-5

septa, slightly constricted at septa, with middle cells larger and round, smooth-

walled.

MATERIAL EXAMINED: GUYANA (British Guiana), Kartabo, on leaves of Serjania

paucidentata, 23 July 1922, EL. Stevens (NY585, holotype).

Micropeltis multiseptata (F. Stevens & Manter) H.X. Wu & K.D. Hyde, comb. nov.

MycoBANK NUMBER: MB801937 PLATE 4

= Scolecopeltidium multiseptatum F. Stevens & Manter, Bot. Gaz. 79(3): 283 (1925)

FOLIAR EPIPHYTES on the upper surface of leaves, lacking superficial

mycelium. THYRIOTHECIA 1270-1350 um diameter x 76-80.5 um high,

scattered, superficial, blue-green, membranaceous or submembranaceous,

basal peridium lacking, with a central rounded ostiole; dome-like in section.

UPPER WALL comprising an irregular meandering arrangement of hyphae,

with loosely interwoven hyphae at the margin. PERIDIUM 19.5-21.5 um thick,

composed three layers of compact pseudoparenchymatous cells in which the

outer layer is black, the middle of layer is blue-green, and the inner layer is

hyaline. HamATHECIUM of dense filamentous crooked pseudoparaphyses, 1-

1.5 um wide, embedded in mucilage, surrounding the asci. Asci 69-80 x 22-25

um (mean = 73 x 23.7 um; n = 15), 2-4-spored, obclavate to widely fusiform,

with a 3-4 um wide x 4-5 um long pedicel. Ascosporss 27-37 x 8-9.5 um

(mean = 35.5 x 8.5um, n = 20), 2-3-seriate, elliptic or spindle-shaped, slightly

constricted at the septa, hyaline, with 3-4 septa.

MATERIAL EXAMINED: GUYANA (British Guiana), Wismar, on leaves of Philodendron

sp., 24 July 1922, EL. Stevens (NY 1004, isotype).

Acknowledgments

Funds for research were provided by the Grant for Essential Scientific Research

of National Non-profit Institute (no. CAFYBB2007002; no. riricaf2013004M) and

the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 31300019). The curators of

herbarium NY and ILL are thanked for providing material on loan for this study. The

Scolecopeltidium revisited ... 9

Pirate 4. Micropeltis multiseptata (isotype, NY 1004). A, B. Appearance of ascomata on the host

surface. C. Squash mount of ascoma. D, E. Section of ascoma. The peridium comprises three layers.

F--H, J. Obclavate asci. I. Pseudoparaphyses. K-N. Ascospores with 4-5 septa. Scale bars: B = 500

um, C = 30 um, D-J = 10 um, K-N = 5 um.

authors also thank Professor Xiaoming Chen and Professor Ying Feng, Dr. Hang Chen

(The Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, China), and

Lei Cai (Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China) for

10 ... Wu & Hyde

their valuable help. Our deep thanks to Professor Eric McKenzie and Professor Jose Luiz

Bezerra for reviewing the manuscript. The authors earnestly appreciate nomenclature

editor's (Prof. Shaun Pennycook) assistance and thank him for his valuable help! K.D.

Hyde acknowledges a research grant from the Biodiversity Research and Training

Program (BRT R253012) and Training Program Grant (BRTR251181).

Literature cited

Batista AC. 1959. Monografia dos fungos Micropeltaceae. Publicacgées Instituto de Micologia da

Universidade do Recife 56: 1-519.

Chomnunti P, Schoch CL, Aguirre-Hudson B, Ko-Ko TW, Hongsanan §S, Jones EBG, Kodsueb R,

Phookamsak R, Chukeatirote E, Bahkali AH, Hyde KD. 2011. Capnodiaceae. Fungal Diversity

51: 103-134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13225-011-0145-6

Clements FE, Shear CL. 1931. Genera of fungi. Edn 2. USA, New York; H.W. Wilson Company.

496 p.

Hyde KD, McKenzie EHC, KoKo TW. 2011. Towards incorporating anamorphic fungi in a natural

classification—checklist and notes for 2010. Mycosphere 2: 1-88.

Lumbsch HT, Huhndorf SM. 2010. Myconet volume 14. Part one. Outline of Ascomycota—2009;

Part two. Notes on ascomycete systematics. Nos 4751-5113. Fieldiana, Life and Earth Sciences

1: 1-64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3158/1557.1

McNeill J, Barrie FR, Buck WR, Demoulin Vincent, Greuter W, Hawksworth DL, Herendeen PS,

Knapp S, Marhold K, Prado J, Prudhomme van Reine WE, Smith GE, Wiersema JH, Turland

NJ. 2012. International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Melbourne Code).

Koeltz Scientific Books. 240 p. http://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/main.php

Raciborski, M. 1900. Parasitische Algen und Pilze Java's. Botanisches Institut, Buitenzorg. 49 p.

Stevens FL, Manter HW. 1925. The Hemisphaeriaceae of British Guiana and Trinidad. Botanical

Gazette 79(3): 265-296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/333477

Wu HX, Li YM, Chen H, Hyde KD. 2010. Studies on Microthyriaceae: some excluded genera.

Mycotaxon 113: 147-156. http://dx. doi: 10.5248/113.147

Wu HX, Schoch CL, Boonmee S, Bahkali AH, Chomnunti P, Hyde KD. 2011a. A reappraisal of

Microthyriaceae. Fungal Diversity 51: 189-248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13225-011-0143-8

Wu HX, Hyde KD, Chen H. 2011b. Studies on Microthyriaceae: placement of Actinomyxa, Asteritea,

Cirsosina, Polystomellina and Stegothyrium. Cryptogamie Mycologie 32: 3-12.

Zhang Y, Fournier J, Pointing SB, Hyde KD. 2008. Are Melanomma pulvis-pyrius and

Trematosphaeria pertusa congeneric? Fungal Diversity 33: 47-60.

Zhang Y, Wang HK, Fournier J, Crous PW, Jeewon R, Pointing SB, Hyde KD. 2009. Towards a

phylogenetic clarification of Lophiostoma/Massarina and morphologically similar genera in the

Pleosporales. Fungal Diversity 38: 225-251.

Zhang Y, Crous PW, Schoch CL, Hyde KD. 2012. Pleosporales. Fungal Diversity 53: 1-221.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13225-011-0117-x

MY COTAXON

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/125.11

Volume 125, pp. 11-35 July-September 2013

Five Leptonia species from New South Wales

and Queensland, Australia

Davip L. LARGENT’ , SARAH E. BERGEMANN?, SANDRA E. ABELL-DAVIS3,

KERRI L. KLUTING’, & GRIFFIN A. CUMMINGS?

"Biological Sciences, Humboldt State University, 1 Harpst St, Arcata CA 95521 USA

"Biology Department, Middle Tennessee State University,

PO Box 60, Murfreesboro TN 37132 USA

*School of Marine and Tropical Biology, Australian Tropical Herbarium and Centre for Tropical

Environmental & Sustainability Science, James Cook University,

PO Box 6811, Cairns QLD 4870 AU

“CORRESPONDENCE TO: mrp@humboldtl.com

AsBstTRACT — Descriptions and illustrations are provided for five Leptonia species. ‘Three

species are new to science: Leptonia boardinghousensis possesses unusual basidiomes colours,

L. ambigua has subisodiametric basidiospores that atypically have obscure angles at the apex

and a lignicolous habit, and L. omphalinoides is distinguished by its lignicolous omphalinoid

tiny basidiomes. Two species were previously reported: L. poliopus from Europe and

L. umbraphila comb. nov from the Seychelles.

Key worps — Basidiomycota, Entolomataceae, mtSSU, LSU, RPB2

Introduction

Surveys of species in the Entolomataceae Kotl. & Pouzar were conducted

during April-May of 2010-12 in the temperate rainforests of central New

South Wales and February-March 2009-12 from various localities within

the Wet Tropics Bioregion throughout northeastern Queensland. Among

the 918 entolomatoid collections obtained during the surveys, species of

Leptonia (Fr.) P. Kumm. are numerous. Here we describe three new species,

L. boardinghousensis, L. ambigua, and L. omphalinoides and report L. poliopus

and L. umbraphila new for Australia.

The generic concept of Leptonia remains uncertain, because phylogenetic

analyses do not support monophyly for species included in the genus and

the major sub-clades containing Leptonia spp. lack statistical support (Co-

David et al. 2009, Baroni & Matheny 2011). Until resolution of the generic

12 ... Largent & al.

TABLE 1. Collection identifier and GenBank accession numbers of Leptonia species.

GENBANK ACCESSION NUMBERS

SPECIES COLLECTION mtSSU LSU RPB2

L. boardinghousensis Largent 9875 — JQ756410 JQ756425

Largent 9926 JQ756397 JQ756411 JQ756426

Largent 9935 — JQ756412 JQ756427

Largent 10086 JQ756398 JQ756413 JQ756428

L. ambigua Largent 9872 JQ756399 JQ756414 JQ756429

Largent 10130 — JQ756415 JQ756430

L. omphalinoides Largent 9673 JQ756400 JQ756416 JQ756431

Largent 9800 JQ756401 JQ756417 JQ756432

L. poliopus Largent 10209A JQ756402 JQ756418 JQ756433

Largent 10209B JQ756403 JQ756419 JQ756434

Largent 10209C JQ756404 JQ756420 JQ756435

L. umbraphila Largent 9629 JQ756405 _ JQ756436

Largent 9630 JQ756406 JQ756421 JQ756437

Largent 9640 JQ756407 JQ756422 JQ756438

Largent 9766 JQ756408 JQ756423 JQ756439

Largent 9793 JQ756409 JQ756424 JQ756440

and phylogenetic concepts, we follow Largent (1994), who recognizes the

following combination of morphological characters for Leptonia: a habit that

is typically mycenoid, collybioid, omphalinoid, or (rarely) tricholomatoid; a

pileus that is squamulose or tomentulose to tomentose at least on the disc; a

convex, parabolic, broadly convex, or convex-depressed pileus shape; pileipellis

typically composed of erect hyphae at least on the discs of young basidiomes;

inflated pileocystidia averaging >10 um in diameter; lipoid globules and

oleiferous hyphae absent or (if present) not abundant; aborted basidia typically

absent.

Materials & methods

Macromorphological and micromorphological features

Colors of basidiomes were described subjectively and coded according to Kornerup

& Wanscher (1978: 196-225, Diagrams Section), with color plates noted in parentheses.

In descriptions color plates are abbreviated to indicate the page number, column(s),

and row(s) [e.g., 83D-F5-6 = page 8, columns D-F, rows 5-6.] Common color names

are from the charts at the top of each page, with technical color names enclosed by

quotation marks at the bottom of each page in the Color Names subsection [e.g., the

common name for plate 1, column A, row 2 is yellowish white, and the technical name

is ‘milk white’].

Measurements include: the arithmetic means (x) of spore lengths and widths +

one standard deviation in N objects measured; the quotient of spore length by width

(E) indicated as a range variation in N objects measured and the mean of E-values (Q)

Leptonia spp. & comb. nov. (Australia) ... 13

+ standard deviations. The sample size (N) equals the total number of microscopic

structures measured (x) and number of basidiomes studied (y) and follows the format

N = x/y. The following Q values define general basidiospore shape: isodiametric—Q =

1.0-1.15; subisodiametric—Q = 1.16-1.27; heterodiametric—Q >1.27 (Largent 1994).

The techniques and equipment for collecting data in the field, measuring

basidiospores, and obtaining digital photographs of microscopic features follow Largent

et al. (201 1a).

All collections from New South Wales cited in the ‘Additional collections examined’

are deposited in The Plant Pathology Herbarium, Orange Agricultural Institute (DAR);

Queensland collections were split, with duplicates deposited in the Australian Tropical

Herbarium (CNS) and The Queensland Herbarium (BRI). All holotype and isotype

collections are deposited in the herbaria designated using acronyms used in ‘Thiers

(2012).

DNA sequences

DNA extraction and Polymerase Chain Amplification (PCR) protocols for the

mitochondrial small subunit of the ribosomal DNA (mtSSU), variable domains (D1,

D2) of the nuclear large subunit (LSU), and the second largest subunit of the RNA

polymerase gene (RPB2) follow Largent et al. (2011, 2013). For RPB2 amplification

we used primers rpb2-i6f and rpb2-i7r (Co-David et al. 2009). Alternatively, we used

additional forward RPB2 primers (rpb2-EntF1 and rpb2-EntF2; Largent et al. 2013) in

combination with one of three reverse primers: rpb2-EntR1b (5' to 3'- ATG GAT YTC RCA

RTG TGT CCA), rpb2-EntR2 (5’ to 3'— GTG GAT TTC RCA RTG AGT CCA), or rpb2-EntR4

(5' to 3' - TGA ATY TCR CAR TGC GTC CCA). Sequences were generated on an Applied

Biosystems 3130xl Genetic Analyzer at Middle Tennessee State University using the

sequencing and precipitation protocols outlined in Largent et al. (2011a,b). Accessions

for sequences obtained from the three genes are provided in TaBLE 1.

Taxonomy

Leptonia boardinghousensis Largent, sp. nov. PLATEs 1-2

MycoBank MB 802806

Differs from Inocephalus quadratus by its basidiome colors, long rostrate-ventricose

opaque hymenial cystidia, and heterodiametric 6-7(-8)-angled basidiospores.

Type — Australia, New South Wales, Watagans National Park, Boardinghouse Dam

Track within 20 m of 32°59'57"S 151°24'15"E, 12 April 2011, DL Largent 10086

(holotype, DAR).

Erymo.ocy — referring to Boardinghouse Dam Track in Watagans National Park.

PitEus 8-40 mm broad, 3-14 mm high, dull, always opaque (not translucent)

and not hygrophanous; in young basidiomes convex to broadly convex then

broadly parabolic, irregularly campanulate, plano-convex, and eventually

uplifted, rarely obscurely umbonate in expanding and maturing basidiomes; at

first entirely tomentulose or tomentulose-squamulose, in expanding basidioma

remaining tomentulose to tomentulose-squamulose on or near the disc,

squamulose towards the margin and appressed-fibrillose-striate at the margin,

14 ... Largent & al.

eventually in mature forms becoming appressed-fibrillose and then striate and

rimose from the margin to near the disc; entirely orange (6A6) in young and

protected basidiomes, in exposed basidiomes the tomentum, squamules, and

fibrils at first dark brown with a reddish tone (7 or 8F6-7), becoming a bit

lighter (7 or 8E5-7) and eventually fading to light brown (6-7C-D3-6); margin

incurved to more typically decurved then uplifted, eventually wavy to lobed and

split in mature forms; context reddish white to pale red (6-7A-B2-5) becoming

more reddish in a rimose surface, 0.5-1.0 mm thick above the stipe, nearly non-

existent at the margin. ODoR weakly fungal, at times faintly pleasant or fragrant.

TasTE slightly unpleasant or bitter and astringent. LAMELLAE 3-20 mm long,

1-7 mm deep, adnexed, close to subdistant and narrow to moderately broad at

first, then subdistant and sigmoid, ventricose, or broad with maturity, at first

pinkish white (6-7A2) darkening to brownish orange (5-7A3) and then pale

red to pastel red (7A, B or C3-4) with basidiospore maturity; margin typically

smooth and concolorous, in some lighter colored and faintly fimbriate. STIPE

25-72 mm long, 0.75-5.0 mm broad at apex, middle, and base, in some flattened

and longitudinally grooved and then at the apex 5-6 x 2 mm at the apex, 4 x 2

or 5 x 4mm broad in the middle, and 3 x 2.5 or 5 x 4 mm broad at base, equal

to often tapered with the apex smaller or in one with the base smaller, pruinose

at the apex, smooth to the eye but weakly longitudinally striate under 10x, at

first pale orange to pale red (5-7A3-4), remaining so at the apex, but darkening

(5-7A-B3-5) with maturity; hollow, typically sturdy and stiff, rarely fragile

and splitting longitudinally; basal tomentum white, typically at first scarce,

often remaining so with age but at times becoming moderate to abundant in

basidiomes in deep humus, rarely absent and then only in exposed basidiomes

found in shallow or compacted humus along trails. BRUISING REACTIONS stipe

browning when handled.

BASIDIOSPORES in profile view 6-7(-8)-angled, angles somewhat knobby,

subheterodiametric to heterodiametric, in end view 6-angled and isodiametric,

8.1-11.7 x 6.0-8.9 um (x = 9.7 + 0.7 x 7.2 + 0.53 um; E = 1.13-1.62; Q = 1.36

+ 0.10 (heterodiametric); N = 112/4). Basip1a clavate, 4-sterigmate, in some

with fairly large granules, 32.1-43.5 x 6.4-11.2 um (x = 38.6 + 3.9 x 9.6 + 1.6

um; E = 3.5-5.2; Q = 4.1 + 0.60; N = 13/2). CHEILOCysTIDIA versiform, clavate,

obclavate, clavate and acuminate, ventricose-rostrate, or ventricose-rostrate

with the rostrum strangulated and tapered, thin-walled to slightly thick-walled,

colorless, scattered to abundant, 51.3-111.4 x 10.1-32.1 um (E = 3.16-6.30;

Q = 4.2 + 0.77; N = 15/2). PLEUROCYSTIDIA as pseudocystidia, similar in shape

but typically longer than the cheilocystidia, often originating from the outer

portions of the lamellar trama, not associated with the oleiferous hyphae,

opaque but colorless, 81.3-147.6 x 12.5-18.5 um (E = 3.6-7.6; Q = 5.5 + 1.4;

N = 11/2). LAMELLAR TRAMAL HYPHAE subparallel, rather long and broad,

Leptonia spp. & comb. nov. (Australia) ... 15

PLATE 1. Leptonia boardinghousensis {DLL 10086 holotype}. A: Basidiomata habit; B: Lamellar

attachment (note whitish edges on maturing lamellae and pruinose stipe apex); C: Pileus surface,

mature surface tomentulose to tomentulose-squamulose on the disc, appressed fibrillose elsewhere

(left), immature surface, entirely tomentulose (right). Bar (A-C) = 10 mm.

16 ... Largent & al.

without lipoid globules, 49.1-305.2 x 3.7-32.2 um (N = 14/2). PILEIPELLIS a

layer of entangled hyphae, in young basidiomes more or less erect, in older

basidiomes erect to suberect in the center of pileus and semi-erect towards the

margin, and repent at the margin. PILEOcysTIDIA cylindro-clavate to clavate to

broadly clavate, 27.8-180.6 x 6.0-19.8 um (E= 2.0-13.5; Q = 6.6 + 3.8; N= 18/3).

PILEAL TRAMAL HYPHAE entangled, similar in size and shape to the lamellar

trama. STIPITIPELLIS with rare to scattered clusters of hymenial elements at

the apex, a cutis elsewhere. CAULOCYSTIDIA absent. OLEIFEROUS HYPHAE rare,

scattered, or absent in the pileal and lamellar trama. Lrpoip GLOBULEs absent.

BRILLIANT GRANULES absent. PIGMENTATION in the pileipellis cytoplasmic

as well as faintly externally incrusted on the outer hyphal walls. Clamp

CONNECTIONS absent in all tissues.

ECOLOGY & DISTRIBUTION — Rarely solitary, more often scattered,

gregarious, or even caespitose in soil amongst leaf litter, in wet sclerophyll,

warm temperate gallery rainforest; central or northern Hunter District, New

South Wales, April-May.

ADDITIONAL COLLECTIONS EXAMINED — AUSTRALIA. New SoutH WALES, central

Hunter District, Barrington Tops National Park, Williams River Day Use Area, end of Blue

Gum Track, 32°09'03.4"S 151°31'35.1"E, 14 April 2010, DL Largent 9875; 32°09'08'.3"S

151°31'37.0"E, DL Largent 9877; 32°09'03.2"S 151°31'23.6”E, 18 April 2010, DL Largent

9894; 32°09'03.2"S 151°31'23.6"E, 4 May 2011, DL Largent 10193. Williams River Day

Use Area, Track to Pool of Reflections, 32°08'15.8"S 151°30'38.2"E, 22 April 2010, DL

Largent 9935. Myall Lakes National Park, Seal Rock Road, 32°25'08"S 152°28'26"E, 6

May 2011, DL Largent 10203. Watagans National Park, Boardinghouse Dam Track,

32°59'57.7"S 151°24'15.9"E, 13 April 2010, DL Largent 9867; 32°59'57.8"S 151°24'15.4”E,

21 April 2010, DL Largent 9926; 32°59'57.7"S 151°24'15.8"E, 28 April 2010, DL Largent

9958; 32°59'58.2"S 151°24'15.4"E, DL Largent 9959; 32°59'59'.2"S 151°24'16.3"E, DL

Largent 9960; 33°00'00.7"S 151°24'17.3"E, DL Largent 9961; 32°59'57"S 151°24'17"E, 23

April 2011, DL Largent 10144, 10145; 32°59'57"S 151°24'17"E, 1 May 2011, DL Largent

10175.

DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERS — ‘The basidiome color changes of orange then

pinkish to reddish in the stipe, orange then dark brown with a reddish tone in

the pileus, pinkish white in the lamellae, and reddish white to pale red in the

pileal context; an entirely tomentulose pileal surface at first that becomes striate

to the margin with maturity; basidiospores 6-7-angled and averaging <10 um

x <7.5 um; versiform hymenial cystidia; and clampless hyphae.

ComMENTs — In 2010 and 2011, several L. boardinghousensis populations of

10-20 basidiomes each were common throughout the Boardinghouse Dam

PLATE 2. Leptonia boardinghousensis {DLL 9925 A-B, D; DLL 9867 C,E}. A: Basidiospores; B: Faintly

incrusted pigment on hyphae of pileipellis; C: Pileipellis and pileocystidia near pileal margin;

D: Cheilocystidia, pleurocystidia, and oleiferous hyphae in lamellar trama; E: Ventricose-rostrate

pleurocystidia with rostrum strangulated and tapered, basidia with sterigma, basidioles in squash

mount. Bars: A = 5 um; B = 25 um; C = 25 um; D = 40 um; E = 25 um.

Leptonia spp. & comb. nov. (Australia) ...

18 ... Largent & al.

Track in Watagans National Park. Collections found in relatively deep humus

and protected by a dense overstory regularly consisted of large basidiomes

with pilei up to 40 mm broad and stipes 35-75 mm long and with orange

colors dominant. Collections in more open areas with less humus consistently

produced smaller pilei (<28 mm broad) and shorter stipes (25-55 mm long)

with brown to reddish brown color predominating.

The pantropical Inocephalus quadratus (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) T.J. Baroni

resembles L. boardinghousensis macroscopically but differs microscopically in

its cuboidal basidiospores and cylindro-clavate to clavate cheilocystidia (Baroni

& Halling 2000, Noordeloos & Hausknecht 2007).

Leptonia ambigua Largent, sp. nov. PLATES 3-4

MycoBank MB 802807

Differs from Leptonia tjallingiorum by smaller basidiomes, the dark greyish violet to

blackish blue pileus, the subisodiametric basidiospores, and the absence of cheilocystidia

and clamp connections in the pileipellis.

Type — Australia, New South Wales, Barrington Tops National Park, end of Blue Gum

Track, within 20 m of 32°09'03.8"S 151°31'30.2"E, 21 April 2011, DL Largent 10130

(holotype, DAR).

EryMo_ocy — derived from the Latin ambiguus (= ambiguous), referring to the obscure

angles at the apex of some basidiospores.

PitEus 8-33 mm broad, 5-10 mm high; opaque and not translucent, not

hygrophanous; typically plane, at times obscurely umbonate, never depressed;

when young convex to parabolic, upon expansion and maturity becoming

broadly convex and eventually plane; at first entirely densely matted fibrillose

to matted tomentulose then remaining matted tomentulose in the center and

becoming appressed squamulose elsewhere, and eventually appressed fibrillose

at or near the margin, not striate; at first entirely dull violet to near dark violet to

between dark greyish violet and blackish blue (18E4 or 19E-F3-4), remaining

so on the disc but the squamules and fibrils fade to greyish lilac (16D2) or

purplish grey (14-15C2), eventually the violaceous color fades completely and

the pileus becomes brown (6-7D-F3-4); context pallid, 1 mm thick above the

stipe, nearly non-existent at the margin; margin decurved then plane. ODOR

indistinct. TAsTE indistinct, mild. LAMELLAE 5-13 mm long, 1-5 mm deep,

adnexed or narrowly adnate at all times, close then subdistant, narrow then

moderately broad, at first violet white (18A2), quickly becoming reddish grey

(7A2), then white to orange white (5-7A1-2), and eventually pale brownish

orange (6C4) with basidiospore maturity; margin smooth and concolorous.

STIPE 22-54 mm long, apex 1-3 mm broad, base 1-4 mm broad, equal to

slightly enlarged towards the base, longitudinally appressed fibrillose except

for the pruinose apex, at first the fibrils dull violet (18E4, 18D3-4) then violet

grey (16D2 or 16B2) and eventually dull red (9B3) or reddish grey (9C2);

Leptonia spp. & comb. nov. (Australia) ... 19

F/I A = se

Hey \ (i Ww; ad 4 i

PLATE 3. Leptonia ambigua {DLL 10130 holotype}. A: Basidiomata stature, mature (left), young

(right); B: Pileus surface, young (right), maturing (to the left); C: Lamellae and stipe color; young

(right), mature (far left). Bar (A-C) = 10mm.

hollow and somewhat stiff; basal tomentum moderate to scarce, white at first,

then yellowish. BRUISING REACTIONS pileus, lamellae, and stipe none; basal

tomentum at time becoming orangish.

20 ... Largent & al.

BASIDIOSPORES isodiametric to heterodiametric, in profile and dorsiventral

views, 5-angled, all angles usually distinct but at times distinctly angular on

the basal end and obscurely angular or rounded at the apex, isodiametric and

5-6-angled in polar view, 6.2-8.3 x 5.2-7.5 um (x = 7.5 + 0.4 x 6.3 + 0.5 um;

E = 1.04-1.40; Q = 1.19 + 0.09 (subisodiametric); N = 59/2). BAsip1a clavate,

hardly tapered at the base, full of granules just before spore production,

27.1-40.0 x 7.1-11.8 um (x = 33.2 +3.4x 9.3 + 1.2 um; E = 3.11-4.56; Q = 3.59

+ 0.34; N = 18/2); 4-sterigmate with the sterigma up to 8.0 um long. HYMENIAL

CysTIpIA absent. LAMELLAR TRAMAL HYPHAE subparallel, in the center of the

lamella mostly short to moderately long, a few long in the center of the lamellae,

hyphae with rounded ends, 41.4-320.0 x 7.8-22.2 (N = 16/2). PILEIPELLIS

an entangled layer of hyphae composed of + moniliform chains of 3-4 cells,

the chains entangled, more or less erect on the disc, suberect and in clusters

elsewhere with a cutis between the clusters, up to 400 um thick on the disc,

205 um near the disc. PILEOcysTIpDIA present as the terminal cells of a chain of

cells, consistently broad, clavate to cylindro-clavate, 33.7-111.7 x 9.8-21.3 um

(x= 15.0 + 3.2u wide; E = 2.55-6.80; Q = 4.13 + 1.32; N = 16/2). PILEAL TRAMAL

HYPHAE Similar in shape but shorter and broader than the lamellar trama,

57.5-155.4 x 9.8-22.2 um (N = 7/1). STIPITIPELLIS a layer of hyphae similar in

structure to pileipellis everywhere except at the apex where there are clusters of

colorless caulocystidia with a few basidia present. CAULOCYSTIDIA at the apex,

colorless, in clusters, pyriform to broadly clavate to broadly cylindro-clavate

23.9-108.1 x 8.5-20.2 um (E = 1.81-12.73); N = 16/2); elsewhere cylindro-

clavate to clavate, similar in size, shape, and pigmentation as the pileocystidia.

OLEIFEROUS HYPHAE absent. LIPOID GLOBULES absent. BRILLIANT GRANULES

scattered. PIGMENTATION cytoplasmic and intracellular, brownish and insoluble

in 3% KOH in the pileo- and caulocystidia; faintly parietal or incrusting in the

lower portion of the pileipellis. Clamp CONNECTIONS present at the base of the

basidia; absent in all other tissues.

ECOLOGY & DISTRIBUTION — Typically gregarious, rarely scattered but

rarely caespitose, on decomposing logs and in mosses in a subtropical gallery

rainforest, Barrington Tops National Park, New South Wales. In April 2009 and

2010 several different populations were common on decaying logs in various

localities towards the end of the Blue Gum Track in the Williams Day Use

Area. Each population produced approximately 50-100 basidiomes typically in

acrocarpous mosses resembling a species of Dicranum Hedw.

ADDITIONAL COLLECTIONS EXAMINED — AUSTRALIA. NEw SouTH WALES, central

Hunter District, Barrington Tops National Park, Williams River Day Use Area, end

of Blue Gum Track, 32°09'03.2"S 151°31'28.6"E, 8 April 2010, DL Largent 9847;

32°09'10.7"S 151°31'38.3"E, 14 April 2010, DL Largent 9872, 9881; 32°09'04.7"S

151°31'34.1"E, 18 April 2010, DL Largent 9899; 32°09'05.0"S 151°31'30.6"E, 20 April

2010, DL Largent 9914.

Leptonia spp. & comb. nov. (Australia) ... 21

PLATE 4. Leptonia ambigua {DLL 10130 holotype C-E; DLL 9872 A-B}. A: Basidiospores; B: Basidia

and basidioles; C: Pileipellis and terminal pileocystidia with uniform brownish cytoplasmic

pigment in 3% KOH; D: Parietal pigmentation in pileipellis; E: Stipitipellis at stipe apex with

pyriform caulocystidia; F: Stipitipellis at stipe apex with clavate cheilocystidia. Bars: A = 5 um;

B= 10 um; C-D = 15 um; E= 10 um.

22 ... Largent & al.

DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERS — Habitat on decomposing logs covered with

mosses; convex dark greyish violet pileus that becomes brown with maturity;

violet-white lamellae at first; dull violet stipe that becomes grayish violet with

age; subisodiametric basidiospores, distinctly angular except at times obscurely

angular at the apex; two types of caulocystidia at the stipe apex; the broad

tramal hyphae in the lamellae; and no clamp connections in the pileipellis.

ComMENTS — Its basidiome colors and stature, pileipellis type, and brownish

cytoplasmic pigment cause L. ambigua to resemble several lignicolous species

in Leptonia subg. Leptonia.

Entoloma obtusisporum E. Horak from Brazil also has obtusely angular

basidiospores and lacks cheilocystidia but differs from L. ambigua by its white

smooth stipe, lack of parietal pigmentation, and slightly smaller, isodiametric

basidiospores that are 5.5-7.0 um in all dimensions (Horak 1982). Rhodophyllus

dichrooides Romagn. & Gilles from Gabon (Romagnesi & Gilles 1979), the

European L. dichroa (Pers.) P.D. Orton (Noordeloos 1992), and L. euchroa (Pers.)

P. Kumm. from Europe and Australia (Noordeloos 1992, May & Wood 1997)

are differentiated by their heterodiametric angular basidiospores and abundant

clamp connections in the pileipellis. Leptonia tjallingiorum (Noordel.) P.D.

Orton from Europe is differentiated from L. ambigua by larger tricholomatoid

basidiomes, abundant cheilocystidia, heterodiametric basidiospores, abundant

clamp connections, and the absence of blue-black or dark violet colors in the

pileus (Noordeloos 1992, 2004).

Leptonia omphalinoides Largent, sp. nov. PLATES 5-6

MycoBAnk MB 802808

Distinct in the Entolomataceae by the lignicolous omphalinoid small basidiomes, small

quadrate or cuboidal basidiospores, and clampless hyphae.

Type — Australia, northern Queensland, Mossman National Park, lower Track just past

observation platform, within 20m of 16°28'17.6"S 145°19'51.7"E, 18 March 2010, DL

Largent 9800 (holotype, BRI ; isotype, CNS).

EryMoLocy — from the Greek ending “-oides” referring to the omphalinoid basidiome

stature.

PiLEus 6-11 mm broad, 2-4 mm high; opaque, not hygrophanous; convex to

broadly convex, umbilicate; minutely tomentulose to scabrous and punctate

on disc, minutely squamulose with the squamules erect towards the margin,

appressed-fibrillose on the margin, striate to the disc, dull; disc reddish brown

(8F4 to 8F7 ‘mahogany brown’), elsewhere reddish brown but a little lighter

than the disc (8-9E-F6-7), eventually remaining dark brown on the disc

but fading to greyish brown with a reddish tint elsewhere (8E-F3-4; margin

decurved, minutely hairy then crenulate; context dark and less than 0.5 mm

thick above the stipe. Opor indistinct. TasTE indistinct. LAMELLAE up to

Leptonia spp. & comb. noy. (Australia) ... 23

PLaTE 5. Leptonia omphalinoides {DLL9800 holotype A,B; DLL 9373 C}. A: Basidiomata stature;

B: Pileal surface of young, dark basidiome; C: Pileal surface light form mature. Bar (A-C) = 2 mm.

24 ... Largent & al.

12 per basidiome, 4-5 mm long, 1-1.5 mm deep, pallid greyish to off white

when young, subdecurrent to decurrent, narrow, subdistant to distant; margin

smooth and concolorous; lamellulae 1 to 3 between lamellae, in 1-2 tiers,

1 short or 2 short and 1 medium. STIPE 9-17 mm long, <1 mm broad, equal,

glabrous, reddish grey to light dull red (8-9A1-2 or 8-9C2-3), hollow and very

fragile; basal tomentum absent. BRUISING REACTIONS none.

BASIDIOSPORES consistently 4-angled, quadrate and small in all views, rarely

cuboid, angles distinct and at times somewhat elongated and suggestively

prismatic, isodiametric in polar views, subisodiametric to heterodiametric in

profile and basal views, 4.6-8.4 x 3.7-6.7 um (x = 6.1 + 0.9 x 5.2 + 0.7 um; E =

1.00-1.52; Q = 1.19 + 0.12 (subisodiametric); N = 54/2). Basip1A clavate to

subclavate, 21.5-34.8 x 7.2-11.3 um (x = 28.4 + 3.7 x 9.4 + 1.0 um; E = 2.2-4.1;

Q = 3.09 + 0.50; N = 24/2); base 3.1-5.1 um; 4-sterigmate, sterigma 2.4-3.6

um long. CHEILOCYSTIDIA and PLEUROCYSTIDIA abundant, particularly on

the decurrent portion of the lamellae, and morphologically similar, colorless,

versiform (cylindric, acicular, narrowly to broadly rostrate-ventricose),

27.3-49.1 x 4.3-13.0 um (x = 41.0 + 4.9 x 84 + 2.2 um; E = 5.20-10.19;

Q = 5.20 + 1.75; N = 21/2). LAMELLAR TRAMAL HYPHAE relatively small,

37.6-88.1 x 2.4-14.1 um (N= 12/2). PILEIPELLIS 80-119 um thick, badissima-type

with laterally agglutinated, entangled hyphae but without collapsed cylindro-

clavate cells, composed of only 1-3 cells; PrLEocystip14 broadly clavate to

broadly cylindro-clavate, on the disc 14.3-96.3 x 4.0-23.1 um (x = 56.5 + 14.3 x

14.5 + 4.0 um; E = 1.2-6.8; N = 16/2), away from the disc 29.5-135.5 x 6.1-24.5

um (x = 76.7 + 29.5 x 17.2 + 6.1 um; E = 2.5-10.6; N = 11/1). PILEAL TRAMAL

HYPHAE small, not very long, and so thin as to appear non-existent in sections,

50.3-63.7 x 9.5-11.9 um; N = 3/1). STIPITIPELLIS with hymenial elements at

or next to decurrent lamellae, and otherwise a cutis. CAULOCYSTIDIA absent.

STIPE TRAMAL HYPHAE felatively small, 47.7-116.1 x 6.04-15.4 um (N = 9/2).

OLEIFEROUS HYPHAE rare in the trama. LIPOID GLOBULES absent. BRILLIANT

GRANULES abundant in the basidia. PIGMENTATION very dark brown and in

large granules to plaque-like areas in the pileipellis, suggestively parietal in

pileal trama. CLAMP CONNECTIONS absent in all tissues.

ECOLOGY & DISTRIBUTION — Scattered on a single large decaying log, at

the end of Marrdja Walk about 100 yards from the parking lot, Tribulation

Section, Daintree National Park, and on piece of wood at base of a boulder on

a ridge above an observational platform, lower river trail, Mossman National

Park; mid-March.

ADDITIONAL COLLECTIONS EXAMINED — AUSTRALIA. QUEENSLAND, Cook Region,

Daintree National Park, Tribulation Section, 16°08'18.5"S 145°26'26.0"E, 20 March

2009, DL Largent 9673.

DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERS — Small lignicolous omphalinoid basidiomes;

striate pileus; badissima-type pileipellis lacking collapsed cylindro-clavate

Leptonia spp. & comb. nov. (Australia) ... 25

.4 a * :

B :

SEE ~ _

_) -

* ad

. oo

_ :

- .

- :

= -

ww _

-. r < a .

f " ‘ _ :

. 8

PLaTE 6. Leptonia omphalinoides {DLL 9800 holotype E; DLL 9673 A - D}. A: Basidiospores;

B: Basidia with globules; C: Obclavate cystidium; D: Basidium, cystidium becoming rostrate-

ventricose, vesiculate cystidium; E: Pileipellis near disc, cylindro-clavate, clavate to broadly

cylindro-clavate pileocystidia with dark brown cytoplasmic pigment in plaque-like areas. Bars:

A = 6 um; B-D = 10 um; E = 20.0 um.

26 ... Largent & al.

pileocystidia; versiform hymenial cystidia; small 4-sterigmate basidia; dark

brown plaque-like pigment in the pileipellis and suggestively parietal in

the pileal trama; clampless hyphae; 4-sided subisodiametric basidiospores

averaging <6.5 um x <5.5 um.

Comments — Eccilia cubensis Murrill from Cuba and Entoloma brunneostriatum

Dennis from Trinidad also have small, omphalinoid basidiomes and small

basidiospores. Eccilia cubensis differs from L. omphalinoides by its octahedral,

larger basidiospores (7-9 um), innately scaly pileus lacking striations, and

slightly granular floccose stipe (Murrill 1911), while Entoloma brunneostriatum

differs in its larger (7-8 x 6-8 um) basidiospores, lack of hymenial cystidia, and

smooth pileus and stipe (Dennis 1953).

Leptonia poliopus (Romagn.) P.D. Orton, Mycologist 5: 134 (1991). PLATES 7-8

= Entoloma poliopus (Romagn.) Noordel., Persoonia 10: 262 (1979).

PILEUS 9-22 mm broad, 1-2 mm high, dull; striate to the disc, suggestively

translucent; depressed, convex then broadly convex; when young entirely

tomentulose, with expansion and maturity remaining tomentulose on the disc

but forming squamules from the disc to the margin, eventually appressed-

fibrillose to nearly glabrous at or near the margin; at first greyish brown (6F3,

negro’) on the disc to a bit lighter brown elsewhere (6F3-4, between ‘negro’

and ‘chocolate brown’), upon expansion retaining the greyish brown (6F3)

color in the disc and in the striations but becoming dark brown (6F6, “burnt

umber’ or ‘vandyke brow) from near the center to the margin as the context

shows through the areas between the squamules and the fibrils, hygrophanous

between the marginal area and the center and thus becoming brownish orange

to orange white (5 or 6C3 to 5-6A-B2-3); margin incurved to decurved then

decurved, plane, and finally uplifted, even; context <1 mm deep, concolorous

with the surface. ODor typically mild and indistinct, at times faintly fragrant.

TasTE typically mild to nearly bitter. LAMELLAE 4-10 mm long, 2-3 mm deep,

broadly adnexed to adnate with a faint decurrent tooth or faintly subdecurrent,

subdistant, moderately broad, pallid or off-white at first (5-6A2); margin in

young and moderately aged basidiomes, smooth to the eye but at 10x minutely

serrulate and thus cystidiate, typically concolorous, sometimes with a faint

greyish line or with a distinct black to brown-black margin on some but not

all lamellae, in mature specimens often appearing smooth when the marginal

cystidia are collapsed. LAMELLULAE typically 3 (2 short, 1 moderately long)

between lamellae, at times up to 7 (4 short, 2 moderately long, 1 long). STIPE

20-47 mm long, 1-2 mm broad at apex, 2-4.0 mm broad at base, subclavate,

+ shiny, glabrous, at first dark violet or bluish grey (18-19F3) quickly becoming

grey or dark brownish grey (5F1 to 6F2) but with a bluish grey tinge, glabrous,

hollow, cartilaginous, relatively fragile; basal tomentum white, scarce to

moderate. BRUISING REACTIONS absent.

Leptonia spp. & comb. nov. (Australia) ... 27

-. .

PLATE 7. Leptonia poliopus {DLL 10209a)}. A: Basidiomata field (1.5); B: Lamellae ; C: Pileal surface.

Bar (A-C) = 10 mm.

BASIDIOSPORES 5-6-angled, angles distinct, apex typically with a single

rounded angle, nearly heterodiametric to typically heterodiametric in profile

and dorsiventral view, 8.5-13.5 x 6.0-9.4 um (x = 10.6 + 1.0 x 7.8 + 0.6 um;

E=1.1-1.8; Q= 1.40 + 0.12; N= 144/4). Basip1a broadly clavate, hardly tapered,

28 ... Largent & al.

with abundant granules prior to spore production, 25.9-44.0 x 7.9-13.1 um

(x = 33.4+ 4.3 x 10.3 + 1.2 um; E = 2.54-4.10; Q = 3.27 + 0.42; N = 48/3);

2 or 4-sterigmate, sterigma up to 6.0 um long. CHEILOCYSTIDIA as terminal

cells of branched hyphae in the hymenophore, abundant and forming a sterile

layer, typically colorless but in 3% KOH with a brownish cytoplasmic pigment

in specimens with marginate edges, broadly clavate to clavate, 27.2-67.1 x

10.7-20.9 um (x= 41.6 + 11.7 x 14.4+2.7 um; E=2.9-5.0; Q=2.9 + 0.8; N= 26/3)

or rarely cylindro-clavate and then 21.3-67.1 x 4.9-10.1 um (x = 41.1 + 10.5 x

7.9 + 1.6 um; E = 2.3-9.2; Q = 5.5 + 2.0; N = 31/4), both clavate and cylindro-

clavate cystidia present in same specimen (DLL 10209a and DLL 10209c) or

cylindro-clavate entirely (DLL 10209b). PLEUROcystTip1A absent. LAMELLAR

TRAMAL HYPHAE subparallel, with rounded to + straight end cells, 76.9-291.1

x 5.7-19.1 um; E 4.6-23.4; N = 12/2). PILEIPELLIS always a palisadoderm in

the pileus disc, an entangled layer of hyphae with inflated terminal cells, at

times with the terminal 2 to 3 cells inflated, 66-125 um deep. PILEOCYSTIDIA

in the disc broadly clavate, rarely nearly napiform, often long clavate, 33.6-99.4

x 14.2-29.9 um (x = 54.8-15.1 x 20.4 + 4.5 um; E = 1.6-6.3; Q = 2.8 + 1.1;

N = 25/2). PILEAL TRAMAL HYPHAE similar to those of the lamellar trama,

91-272 x 4-20 um; N = 6/1. OLEIFEROUS HYPHAE rare in the lamellar trama.

LIPOID GLOBULES absent. BRILLIANT GRANULES absent. PIGMENTATION

plasmatic, brownish in the pileipellis; absent to faintly brownish to brownish in

the cheilocystidia. CLAMP CONNECTIONS absent in all tissues.

ECOLOGY & DISTRIBUTION — Several basidiomes frequently encountered

in leaf humus or in bare soil under ferns or among rocks along the edge of

the trail; basidiomes in one collection scattered, often gregarious. In early May

2011, numerous basidiomes (8-20 per collection) were found in Strickland

State Forest in soil and humus and in protected areas near creeks, tracks, or

roads.

ADDITIONAL COLLECTIONS EXAMINED — AUSTRALIA. NEw SouTH WALES, central

Hunter District, Strickland State Forest, Lower Parking Lot. Within 20 m of 33°22'45"S

151°19'32"E, 7 May 2011, DL Largent10209a, 10209b, 10209c.

DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERS — Greyish brown pileus, striate to the disc; pallid

to off-white lamellae with concolorous or black to brown-black margins; bluish

TABLE 2. Comparison of macromorphology and micromorphology of

Leptonia poliopus collections

BASIDIOSPORE (average)

COLLECTION LAMELLAR MARGIN

LENGTH WIDTH

Largent 10209a Colorless, serrulate 11.0 um 8.0 um

Largent 10209b Black, smooth 10.4 um 7.6 um

Largent 10209c Black, serrulate 10.0 um 7.5 um

Leptonia spp. & comb. nov. (Australia) ... 29

PLATE 8. Leptonia poliopus {DLL 10209b A, C-E; DLL 10209c B}. A: Basidiospores; B: Cheilo-

cystidia; C: Basidia; D: Pileocystidia; E: Palisadoderm on pileal disc. Bars: A= 5 um; B-C = 15 um;

D = 10 um; E = 25 um.

grey to dark violet stipe that quickly becomes grey to brownish grey; 5-6-angled,

heterodiametric basidiospores measuring 8.5-13.5 x 6.0-9.4 um and averaging

>10 um x <8.0 um; clavate to broadly clavate cheilocystidia; clampless hyphae.

ComMMENTS — Three collections of Leptonia poliopus were made in Strickland

State Forest, each differing in the lamellar margin characteristics, type of

cheilocystidia, and average basidiospore size (TABLE 2). As overall sequence

similarity from all three loci was 100%, we conclude that these three collections

represent the same taxon. The composite description above is drawn from the

three collections and matches descriptions of European collections that may

form concolorous or brown- marginate lamellar edges (Noordeloos 1992,

2004).

30 ... Largent & al.

Entoloma asprellopsis G.M. Gates & Noordel. from Tasmania also shows

the same lamellar margin variations but differs from L. poliopus in its blue-

grey lamellae and slightly smaller (9-12 x 6-8 um) basidiospores. Entoloma

griseosquamulosum G.M. Gates & Noordel. differs by its smaller basidiospores,

concolorous lamellar edges, a pileus margin that is opaque or only translucent-

striate at the very edge, and a saliva-inducing taste (Noordeloos & Gates 2012).

Entoloma asprelloides G. Stev. from New Zealand and E. fuscomarginatum

(Cleland) E. Horak (nom. illegit.) and E. fuscum (Cleland) E. Horak from

Australia all have similar-sized basidiospores but differ from L. poliopus

by their concolorous pileus and stipe (Horak 1973, 1980). Additionally,

E. fuscomarginatum (as “rubromarginatum”) and E. fuscum lack cheilocystidia

(Grgurinovic 1997). Other taxa with features similar to L. poliopus are

discussed at the end of the descriptions for E. saponicum, E. asprellopsis, and

E. griseosquamulosum (Noordeloos & Gates 2012),

Leptonia poliopus is not easy to differentiate from other species, in part

because of the large number of morphologically similar species (Horak 2008:

186; Largent 1994: 146-152; Noordeloos 2008: 114; Noordeloos & Gates 2012:

287). Phylogenetic analyses should help to clarify species boundaries in future

studies.

Leptonia umbraphila (Noordel. & Hauskn.) Largent, comb. nov. PLATES 9-10

MycoBank MB 802809

= Entoloma umbraphilum Noordel. & Hauskn., Fungal Diversity 27: 134 (2007).

PiLtEus 8-25 mm broad, 2-4 mm high; opaque and not translucent nor

hygrophanous; broadly convex to convex, umbilicate; tomentulose on the disc,

squarrulose to appressed squamulose towards the margin, appressed fibrillose

on the margin; at first disc very dark brown (7F2) elsewhere a bit lighter (7F4),

then becoming dark brown (6-7F5-6), and eventually fading to medium brown

(6-7E-F5-6), dull, striate nearly to the disc; margin incurved to decurved,

striate, even becoming crenulate with age. TasTE distinctly farinaceous, at

times latent. Opor faintly but distinctly farinaceous. LAMELLAE 4.5-9 mm

long, 1.25-5 mm high, adnate with decurrent tooth to subdecurrent, close

to subdistant then distant in over-mature basidiomes, narrow to moderately

broad, in some becoming broad, white to orange white to pallid (5A2) at

first then more pinkish with basidiospore maturation; margin in places or

entirely roughened to serrulate and distinctly brownish to blackish brown; 3

or 5-7 lamellulae between lamellae (in 2—4 rows, 2-4 short and 1-2 medium

or 1 medium long). Stipe 8-30 mm long, 1.0-4.0 mm broad, equal, glabrous

to faintly appressed fibrillose, a bit lighter than the pileus, medium brown

(6-7E-F4-6), at times pale orange (5B3) at the apex, hollow and stiff but decays

rapidly; basal tomentum scarce. BRUISING REACTIONS absent.

Leptonia spp. & comb. nov. (Australia) ... 31

PiatE 9. Leptonia umbraphila {DLL 9792 A; DLL 9793 B-C}. A: Basidiomata (3); B: Pileal surface

(2.5); C: Marginate lamellar edge (2.5). Bar (A- C) = 10 mm.

BASIDIOSPORES typically cuboid in all views, at times 5-angled in

dorsi-ventral view, angles distinct, mostly isodiametric but some may be

heterodiametric, relatively small, 5.5-8.3 x 5.5-7.9 um (x = 7.3 + 0.50 x 6.7

+ 0.52 um; E = 1.00-1.41; Q = 1.10 + 0.09; N = 92/4). Basrp1a mostly 1-2-

sterigmate, rarely 4-sterigmate, subclavate with the very base tapered, sterigma

2.1-4.8 um; 22.5-40.6 x 6.5-11.0 um (x = 28.6 + 3.8 x 8.5 + 0.9 um; E = 2.8-4.5;

Q = 3.4 + 0.4; N = 40/3); base 1.6-4.5 um. CHEILOCYSTIDIA clavate, scattered

to abundant, in clusters but not forming a sterile layer along the entire lamella,

clavate, 23.3-53.5 x 5.1-10.7 um (x = 37.5 + 9.1 x 8.1 + 1.8 um; E = 2.3-7.9;

Q = 4.8 + 1.3; N = 16/2). PLEUROCYSTIDIA absent. LAMELLAR TRAMAL HYPHAE

relatively slender and thus not broad, 40.8-144.1 x 2.2-22.0 um (N = 26/3).

PILEIPELLIS badissima-type (laterally agglutinated hyphae abundant; slender

cylindro-clavate collapsed on clavate to vesiculate pileocystidia), 80-135 um

32 ... Largent & al.

PLATE 10. Leptonia umbraphila {DLL 9629 A-E; DLL 9792 F}. A: Basidiospores; B: 1-2 sterigmate

basidia; C: Clavate cheilocystidia with brownish cytoplasmic pigment; D: Pileipellis, pileocystidia

and cytoplasmic plaque-like pigment; E: Pileal trama with brilliant granules and parietal pigment

(arrow); F: Pileipellis. Bars: A = 7 um; B = 20um; C = 30 um; D = 20 um; E = um; F = 65 um.

Leptonia spp. & comb. nov. (Australia) ... 33

deep on the disc. PrLeocystrp1A cylindro-clavate to clavate to vesiculate,

22.7-68.6 x 4.8-17.3 um (x = 36.3 + 12.9 x 10.8 + 3.6 um; E = 1.6-9.4;

Q = 4.0 + 2.4; N = 19/2). PILEAL TRAMAL HYPHAE felatively short, subparallel,

32.5-113.1 x 4.4-15.4 um. STIPITIPELLIS a cutis. BASIDIOLE clusters rare,

29.7-44.8 x 8.2-17.0 um (N = 8/1). STIPE TRAMAL HYPHAE subparallel,

31.5-191.7 x 4.4-15.4 um (N = 11/2). OLEIFEROUS HYPHAE scattered in the

stipe trama. LrporD GLOBULES absent. BRILLIANT GRANULES abundant and

small in the basidia and in the pileal tramal hyphae. PIGMENTATION pale brown,

uniformly intracellular in the cheilocystidia; very dark brown, intracellular, and

in pigment-globules in the hyphae of the pileipellis, not soluble in 3% KOH or

in water. CLAMP CONNECTIONS absent in all tissues.

ECOLOGY & DISTRIBUTION — Scattered in bare soft soil in areas protected and

shaded by a dense tree overstory, Mossman National Park; in bare compacted

soil shaded by a single tree (but protected by roots) in middle of Emmagen

Creek Trail, Daintree National Park; late February to late March.

ADDITIONAL COLLECTIONS EXAMINED — AUSTRALIA. QUEENSLAND, Cook Region,

Mossman National Park, 16°28'15.2"S 145°19'48.8"E, 27 February 2009, DL Largent

9629, 9630; 16°28'15.2"S 145°19'48.8"E, 9 March 2009, DL Largent 9640; 16°28'15"S

145°19'49"E, 4 March 2010, DL Largent 9766; 16°28’17.6"S 145°19'51.7"E, 18 March

2010, DL Largent 9792, 9793, 9799. Daintree National Park, Tribulation Section,

16°02'20.1"S 145°27'40.8"E, 22 March 2010, DL Largent 9816.

DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERS —Small broadly convex-depressed dark brown

pileus; weakly decurrent or subdecurrent lamellae; basidiospores cuboid or

5-angled, isodiametric, and averaging <8.1 um x <7.5 um; badissima-type

pileipellis with dark brown, intracellular, pigment globules; basidia small,

typically 2-sterigmate; clavate, cheilocystidia with pale brownish pigment.

ComMENtTs — The collections of L. umbraphila from northern Queensland are

identical to the Seychelles holotype in habitat, all macrofeatures, and nearly all

microfeatures. In the holotype (Noordel. & Hauskn. 2007 as E. umbraphilum),

the basidiospores are a little larger (7-9 x 6.5-8.5 um), the basidia are slightly

smaller (23-31 x 8-11 um), and the cheilocystidia somewhat smaller (20-30

x 8-11 um) than in the northern Queensland collections. We consider these

slight differences to be insignificant.

Rhodophyllus dicubospermus Romagn. & Gilles from Gabon closely

resembles L. umbraphila with its omphalinoid stature, brown pileus and stipe,

bisporic basidia, and cuboid basidiospores but differs in the reddish brown

pileus, brownish white lamellae, concolorous lamellar margin, and slightly

larger (6.5-9 x 6.2-8 um) basidiospores (Romagnesi & Gilles 1979).

Acknowledgments

The Largent family trust provided support for the fieldwork and we are grateful to

Pamela Largent for support and collections. The Australian Tropical Herbarium and

34 ... Largent & al.

the School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, provided fieldwork

and logistical support. The DNA sequences generated in this study are based upon work

supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. DRI 0922922 awarded

to Sarah Bergemann. Comments by the two reviewers, Drs. Timothy J. Baroni and Terry

W. Henkel, and by the nomenclature editor, Dr. Shaun Pennycook, were also beneficial.

We wish to thank Peter Newling, Pam O’Sullivan, and Skye Moore for their collections

and descriptions.

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121-135. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2666502

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in eastern North America. Harvard Papers in Botany 16: 293-310.

http://dx.doi.org/10.3100/0.25.016.0205

Co-David D, Langeveld D, Noordeloos ME. 2009. Molecular phylogeny and spore evolution of

Entolomataceae. Persoonia 23: 147-176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/003158509X480944

Dennis RWG. 1953. Les Agaricales de l'Ile de la Trinité. Rhodosporae-Ochrosporae. Bulletin de la

Société Mycologique de France 69: 145-198.

Grgurinovic C. 1997. Larger fungi of South Australia. The Botanic Gardens of Adelaide and State

Herbarium and the Flora and Fauna of South Australia Handbooks Committee: Adelaide.

Horak E. 1973. Fungi Agaricini Novaezelandiae I-V. Beihefte Nova Hedwigia 43: 1-200.

Horak E. 1980. Entoloma (Agaricales) in Indomalaya and Australasia. Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia

65: 12352:

Horak E. 1982. Entoloma in South America II. Sydowia. 35: 75-99.

Horak E. 2008. Agaricales of New Zealand. 1: Pluteaceae (Pluteus, Volvariella) Entolomataceae

(Claudopus, Clitopilus, Entoloma, Pouzarella, Rhodocybe, Richoniella). Fungi of New Zealand

Volume 5. Fungal Diversity Research Series 19: 1-305.

Kornerup A, Wanscher JH. 1978. Methuen handbook of colour, 3rd ed. Richard Clay Ltd:

Chichester, Sussex.

Largent DL. 1994. Entolomatoid fungi of the western United States and Alaska. Mad River Press

Inc: Eureka, California.

Largent DL, Abell-Davis SE, Cummings GE, Ryan KL, Bergemann SE. 201la. Saxicolous

species of Claudopus (Agaricales, Entolomataceae) from Australia. Mycotaxon 116: 253-264.

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/116.253

Largent DL, Bergemann SE, Cummings GE, Ryan KL, Abell-Davis SE, Moore S. 2011b. Pouzarella

(Agaricales, Entolomataceae) from New South Wales (Barrington Tops National Park) and

northeastern Queensland. Mycotaxon 117: 435-483. http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/117.435

Largent DL, Bergemann SE, Abell-Davis SE, Kluting KL, Cummings GA. 2013. Three new

Inocephalus species with cuboid basidiospores from New South Wales and Queensland,

Australia. Mycotaxon 123: 301-319. http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/123.301.

May TW, Wood AE. 1997. Catalogue and bibliography of Australian macrofungi 1. Basidiomycota.

Fungi of Australia Vol. 2A. Australian Biological Resources Study: Canberra.

Murrill WA. 1911. The Agaricaceae of tropical North America, IV. Mycologia 3: 271-282.

http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3753496

Noordeloos ME. 1992. Entoloma s.]. Fungi Europaei vol. 5. Ed. Candusso: Alassio, Italy.

Noordeloos ME. 2004. Entoloma s.l. Fungi Europaei vol. 5a. Ed. Candusso: Alassio, Italy,

Leptonia spp. & comb. nov. (Australia) ... 35

Noordeloos ME. 2008. Entoloma in North America 2: the species described by C. H. Peck - type

studies and comments. Osterreichische Zeitschrift fiir Pilzkunde. 17: 87-152.

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Series 22: 1-399, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4679-4

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Mascarenes and Seychelles. Fungal Diversity 27: 111-144.

Romagnesi H, Gilles G. 1979. Les Rhodophylles des foréts cétiéres du Gabon et de la Céte d'Ivoire

avec une introduction générales sur la taxinomie du genre. Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia 59:

1-649.

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November 2012]

MY COTAXON

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/125.37

Volume 125, pp. 37-43 July-September 2013

Hymenochaetaceae from México 6.

A new Fuscoporia species from the Sonoran desert

TANIA RAYMUNDO!, RICARDO VALENZUELA’ & MARTIN ESQUEDA?

‘Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Bioldgicas, I.P.N.

Plan de Ayala y Carpio s/n Col. Santo Tomas, México, D.F. 11340, México

*Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo, A.C.

Apartado Postal 1735, Hermosillo, Sonora 83000, México

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: rvalenzg@ipn.mx

ABSTRACT — Fuscoporia xerophila is described as a new species from México. ‘The collected

specimens were found on dead or living wood in xerophilous scrub in the central plain of

the Sonoran desert, Sonora State, México. This species is characterized by its resupinate

basidiomata with medium size pores (4-5 per mm), its hymenial setae and hyphal setae, and

basidiospores that are are subglobose, hyaline, smooth, and thin-walled. A key to Mexican

species of Fuscoporia is presented.

KEY worps — Agaricomycetes, Hymenochaetales, polyporoid fungi, taxonomy

Introduction

Fuscoporia was described by Murrill (1907) with F ferruginosa as the type

species. Many mycologists (Overholts 1953, Lowe 1966, Ryvarden & Johansen

1980, Gilbertson & Ryvarden 1987, Larsen & Cobb-Poulle 1990, Ryvarden

1991) have regarded this genus as synonymous with Poria Adans. and Phellinus

Quel. At the present time, Fiasson & Niemela (1984), Wagner & Fischer (2001,

2002), Groposo et al. (2007), Baltazar et al. (2009), Baltazar & Gibertoni (2010),

and Raymundo et al. (2013) recognize Fuscoporia as a monophyletic genus

characterized by its annual to perennial and resupinate to pileate basidiomata

with poroid hymenophore, its dimitic hyphal system with encrusted generative

hyphae in the dissepiments and trama, hymenial setae that are always present

and hyphal setae that are either present or absent, and basidiospores that are

hyaline, non-amyloid, acyanophilous, subglobose, ellipsoid, cylindrical to

allantoid, thin-walled, and smooth.

Recently, Raymundo et al. (2013) reported 14 Fuscoporia species from

México: E callimorpha (Lév.) Groposo et al., E chrysea (Lév.) Baltazar &

38 ... Raymundo, Valenzuela & Esqueda

Gibertoni, F contigua (Pers.) G. Cunn., E contiguiformis (Pilat) Raymundo et

al., FE coronadensis (Rizzo et al.) Raymundo et al., E ferrea (Pers.) G. Cunn.,

F. ferruginosa (Schrad.) Murrill, E gilva (Schwein.) T. Wagner & M. Fisch.,

FE. mesophila Raymundo et al., F. nicaraguensis Murrill, F. palmicola (Berk. &

M.A. Curtis) Bondartseva & S. Herrera, F. rhabarbarina (Berk.) Groposo et al.,

E viticola (Schwein.) Murrill, and E wahlbergii (Fr.) T. Wagner & M. Fisch.

In 2009 several Fuscoporia specimens were collected during a survey of

Sonoran desert in Sonora State, México, that did not represent any known

species of Fuscoporia. They are described here as a new taxon.

Materials & methods

The Sonoran desert covers 223,009 km’, of which 29% lies in Arizona and California,

US.A., and 71% in State of Sonora, México (Robles-Gilet al. 2001). It presents a moderate

biological richness with xerophilous scrub and dry or very dry weather. The examined

specimens were collected in Sonora State in August, 2009, and are deposited in the

Herbarium, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México (ENCB) with an isotype deposited

in the fungal collections of the of the Universidad Estatal de Sonora, México (UES).

Longitudes and latitudes were obtained with GPS eTrex (Garmin). Herbaria acronyms

follow Thiers (2012) and colors are coded according to Kornerup & Wanscher (1978).

Morphological examinations were conducted using protocols outlined by Cifuentes et

al. (1986) and Ryvarden (1991). Anatomical characters were measured from rehydrated

tissues in 5% aqueous KOH and Melzer’s reagent. Line drawings were made to scale

using an optical light microscopy with clear camera and macroscopic photographs were

taken with a Nikon Coolpix 4300. The meanings of some terms are based on Ulloa &

Hanlin (2012).

Taxonomy

Fuscoporia xerophila Raymundo, R. Valenz. & Esqueda, sp. nov. FIGs 1-9

MycoBank MB801799

Differs from Fuscoporia contigua by its smaller pores, its shorter and wider subglobose

basidiospores, and its xeric habitat.

TYPE: México, Sonora, municipality of Guaymas, Francisco Villa “El Tigre’,

28°06'56.3"N 111°01'35.2” W, alt. 140 m, 21.VIII.2009, R. Valenzuela 13772 (Holotype,

ENCB, isotype, UES).

EryMo_oey: Referring to its occurrence in xerophilous scrub with very dry weather.

BASIDIOMATA annual to perennial, resupinate, adnate, becoming widely effused,

reaching 300-600 x 80-150 x 1-3 mm, corky to woody, easily separable of

the substrate, cracked in dry and old specimens. MARGIN sterile, <3 mm wide,

golden brown (5D7), yellowish brown (5F7) to grayish brown (6E3), matted,

fimbriate. HYMENOPHORE poroid, cracked with age or in dry specimens,

grayish brown (6D-E3) to brown (6E4-5), dark brown (6F6) in old specimens;

PORES angular to irregular, (3-)4-5 per mm, 200-240 x 144-176 um (av. 217

Fuscoporia xerophila sp. nov. (Mexico) ... 39

Fics 1-9. Fuscoporia xerophila (1-7,9—holotype, ENCB Valenzuela 13772; 8—ENCB Raymundo

3233): 1. Basidiospores. 2. Hymenial setae. 3. Hyphal setae. 4. Generative hyphae strongly incrusted

with crystals. 5. Hymenial setae. 6-9. Basidiomes. Scale bars: 1-3 = 8 um; 4-5 = 5 um; 6 = 2 mm;

7-9 = 100 mm.

x 160 um); dissepiments thin to thick and lacerated, (48-)80-140(-160) um

thick, (av. 112 um); TUBES <1 mm deep, 1-3 layers, tough to woody, grayish

brown (6E3) to brown (6E5). CONTEXT or subiculum very thin, <1 mm thick,

yellowish brown (5F7), fibrous, tough, azonate.

AO ... Raymundo, Valenzuela & Esqueda

HYPHAL SYSTEM dimitic, GENERATIVE HYPHAE simple-septated, hyaline

to pale yellow in KOH, simple to slightly branched, thin-walled, 2.4-3.2 um

in diam.; SKELETAL HYPHAE yellowish brown to reddish brown, unbranched

or rare branched, thick-walled, 3.2-4.8 um in diam. HYMENOPHORAL TRAMA

composed by interwoven hyphae, generative hyphae hyaline to pale yellow in

KOH, thin-walled, simple to slightly branched, 2.4-3.2 um in diam., hyphae

projecting beyond the hymenia and in the edge of dissepiments strongly

encrusted with crystals; skeletal hyphae yellowish brown to reddish brown in

KOH, unbranched, thick-walled, 3.2-4.8 um in diam. CONTEXTUAL TRAMA

with interwoven hyphae, generative hyphae rare, hyaline to pale yellow in KOH,

simple to scarcely branched, thick-walled, 1.6-2.4 um in diam.; skeletal hyphae

dominant, reddish brown in KOH, unbranched, thick-walled, 2.4-4.8 um in

diam. HYPHAL SETAE 88-180 x 12-20 um, straight, lanceolate to lageniform,

acute, dark brown in KOH, thick-walled, only found in subiculum and margin.

HYMENIAL SETAE 40-52 x 6.4-8 um, ventricose to ventricose-rostrate, acute,

reddish brown to dark brown in KOH, thick-walled. BAasrp1a not observed.

BASIDIOSPORES 5.12-5.46 x 4-4.48 um, subglobose, hyaline in KOH, inamyloid,

thin-walled, smooth.

ECOLOGY & DISTRIBUTION— ‘The species grows on live and dead wood of

Acacia in xerophilous scrub, causing a white rot. It is known only from the type

locality in Sonoran desert in México.

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: MEXICO, SONORA, municipality of Guaymas,

Francisco Villa “El Tigre’, 28°06'56.3"N 111°01'35.2"W, alt. 140 m, 21.VIII.2009, T.

Raymundo 3229, 3230, 3232, 3233 (ENCB); R. Valenzuela 13771, 13773 (ENCB).

CoMMENTS— ‘The species is characterized by its resupinate basidiomata with

angular to irregular pores, hyphal setae present in subiculum and margin, and

subglobose basidiospores. Fuscoporia contigua is similar to E xerophila but

has larger pores (1-3 per mm), hyphal setae in the floccose margin, tramal

and hymenial setae in the trama, and longer oblong to subcylindrical (5-7 x

3-3.5 um) basidiospores. Further, F. contigua grows on dead wood in tropical

forests in México and the Neotropics (Ryvarden & Guzman 1993, Ryvarden

2004), on Quercus in China (Dai 1999), and on bamboo in Brazil (Coelho et al.

2009). Other related species are F. ferruginosa and F. nicaraguensis, which have

resupinate basidiomata and hyphal setae in the margin or trama. Further, both

have small circular pores (7-9 per mm) and grow on dead wood of tropical

forests; FE ferruginosa has longer cylindrical (5-7 x 2.4-3.5 um) basidiospores

while E nicaraguensis has smaller globose (2.4—4.4 um in diam.) basidiospores

(Larsen & Cobb-Poulle 1990, Raymundo et al. 2013).

Key to Fuscoporia species in México

1. Hyphal setae present in trama, margin and/or subiculum ....................04. 2

RELY Pia setaesalSelit satatatcithir-sctab- die subod aveniialvatenietad diy felod dts pela dy fee dyin f Wea al 2S 5

Fuscoporia xerophila sp. nov. (Mexico) ... 41

2. Basidiospores globose to subglobose, basidiomata resupinate ................... 3

2. Basidiospores oblong to cylindrical, basidiomata resupinate to pileate ............ 4

3. Pores 7-9 per mm, hymenial setae 24-36 x 6.4—-9.2 «um, subulate, straight

and hyphal setae in the sterile margin 60-136 x 6-12 um, basidiospores

2A AAU CLOW OSE? Ie fs Fear gp lahhel eae set uke! les. F. nicaraguensis

. Pores 4-5 per mm, hymenial setae 48-52 x 6.4—8 tm, ventricose to

ventricose-rostrate, straight; hyphal setae in the margin or subiculum

88-180 x 12-20 um, straight, lanceolate to lageniform; basidiospores

5.12-5.46 x 4-4.48 um, subglobose .............. 0. eee eee F. xerophila

4. Pores 1-3 per mm, hymenial setae 40-60 x 6-8 tm, subulate, straight,

tramal setae 50-90 x 5-12 um, subulate, straight and hyphal setae in the

floccose margin 80-120 x 6-12 tm, basidiospores 5-7 x 2.4-3.5 um,

Sucre tcaltey CLOG 5 ak ia pe boa eh tee lta Sey F. contigua

4. Pores 7-9 per mm, hymenial setae 30-60 x 6-10 um, subulate, straight and

hyphal setae in the sterile margin 90-150 x 6-10 um, basidiospores

DS 7 DA SSeS LN CV IEA CAS SoS PBS FIBRE lant amet LNCS wet F, ferruginosa

5. Basidiomata resupinate to effused-reflexed ....... 0... eee eee eee eee ee 6

bi. Basicionatapiledtesessllei: 4:4 ost-ady stg drngcbee dense hence ean tres eed aeeni nse s 9

6: Pores-1-3° per mM: oe. tin tents ieee a a ert oid odin 7

Sag td OL coed Ral old Bot UAL Wi i OBIE Ras A SRIR Kaos A vBHR Nuoh AS OBIE Kasten ES Manton ELiGeami LL item Sk nim Staaten kal see i Ao 8

7. Basidiospores oblong to cylindrical, 4-5 x 2-2.5 um, pores angular,

sinuous to labyrinthiform, hymenial setae 32-64 x 6.4—7.2 um,

SU Ube tre Shel Sete he Neil edn ode Led bei ee SO F. palmicola

7. Basidiospores cylindrical to slightly curved, 7-8 x 1.6-2 um,

pores angular, hymenial setae 50-70 x 5-7 um, subulate ...... F. contiguiformis

8. Basidiospores broadly ellipsoid to subglobose, 3.2-4 x 2.4-3 um,

hymenial setae 30-50 x5-8 um, ventricose to subulate ............... EF. chrysea

8. Basidiospores cylindrical, 5.5-7.6 x 2.4-3.2 um, hymenial setae

PIES TRO ETM, SUDUNALE: oa ses hones Nowe hon ni hom eb nea Se hoor kan ol F, ferrea

9. Basidiospores cylindrical to slightly curved, 7-9 x 1.5-2 um,

hymenial setae 25-75 x 5-8 uum, subulate .................... 0008. EF. viticola

9. Basidiospores globose to subcylindrical, never curved and >2 um in diameter .... 10

10. Hymenial setae hooked, some straight, 25-44 x 8-13.2 um, basidiospores

subglobose to ellipsoid, basidiomata applanate, dimidiate to broadly

attached, pores 6-8 per mm, circular to elongate ................ F, wahlbergii

LO: -Fiveie nisl setae Straie it. sec ih Wi A) Sn Oh ete eet the arte te tet Ne eth at Oe 11

11. Basidiomata large, 100-350 x 150-300 x 25-100 mm, applanate, dimidiate

to broadly attached, pores (5-)6-7(-8) per mm, circular, hymenial setae

20-32 x 6.4—9 um, ventricose to subulate, basidiospores 3.2-5.6(-6) x

3.2-4 um, subglobose to ovoid, growing only on conifers ....... F. coronadensis

11. Basidiomata small to medium size, growing only on angiosperms ............ 12

42 ... Raymundo, Valenzuela & Esqueda

12. Pileus surface with a distinctive black crust, glabrous and sulcate, pores

6-9 per mm, hymenial setae 20-30 x 4.8-7.2 um, subulate, basidiospores

SDA Se 2 Batty el SON Gees pasting t nase e ogasene aratages ocatagiee stati F, rhabarbarina

12. Pileus surface without a distinctive black crust .......... 0.0... e eee eee eee 13

13. Basidiomata triquetrous to ungulate, pileus surface velutinate to tomentose,

concentrically sulcate, pores 6-8 per mm, circular, hymenial setae

28-40 x 8.8-16 um, ventricose, basidiospores 4.0 x 3.2-3.8 um,

SUDSIOBOSELO- OV OIG Er. shectiy a pe atig ec euacirs bites Moehee G7 Sawada dad F, mesophila

13. Basidiomata applanate to convex, hymenial setae <10 um broad ............... 14

14, Hymenial setae 16-28 x 6-8.8 um, subulate to ventricose, basidiospores

3.6-4.8 x 2-3 um, oblong to subcylindrical ................... F. callimorpha

14, Hymenial setae 20-40 x 6-10.2 um, ventricose to subulate, basidiospores

4-5 x 2.5-3 um, narrowly ellipsoid to oblong .....................00. F. gilva

Acknowledgments

We wish to express our gratitude to Dr. L. Ryvarden and Me. J.M. Baltazar for

reviewing the manuscript and their useful comments. We also express our gratitude

to SEMARNAT - CONACYT (Grant 2002-C01-0409) for their financial support.

R. Valenzuela and T. Raymundo thank COFAA and IPN for the financial support for

their research in the project SIP-20130034. Silvia Bautista Hernandez (ENCB IPN)

kindly prepared the final version of drawing lines. Aldo Gutierrez (CIAD) kindly

prepared the final version of the pictures and text.

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MY COTAXON

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/125.45

Volume 125, pp. 45-51 July-September 2013

Phallus hadriani and P. roseus from Pakistan

G. MorRENO”™, A.N. KHALID’, P,. ALVARADO’ & H. KREISEL?

' Department of Plant Biology, University of Alcala, 28871, Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain

? Department of Botany, University of the Punjab,

Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan

° Zur Schwedenschanze 4, D-17498, Potthagen, Germany

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: gabriel.moreno@uah.es.

ABSTRACT — Specimens of Phallus hadriani and P. roseus collected in Pakistan are described

here. Photographs and molecular data are provided for both species.

Key worps — Basidiomycota, Phallales, taxonomy.

Introduction

The genus Phallus Junius ex L. (Phallaceae Corda, Phallales E. Fisch.)

is typified by P impudicus L. Kreisel (1996) has recognized 31 different

species within Phallus sensu lato (incorporating Aporophallus, Dictyophora,

Echinophallus, Endophallus, Itajahya, and several other genera). Calonge (2005)

proposed a provisional key for 25 species, after which several new species have

been described (e.g., Calonge et al. 2005, 2008; Li et al. 2005; Moreno et al.

2009).

Phallus has a cosmopolitan distribution (Kreisel 1996); four species

previously recorded from Pakistan include P celebicus Henn., P. impudicus,

P. rubicundus (Bosc) Fr. (Ahmad 1952), and P. calongei G. Moreno & Khalid

(Moreno et al. 2009). Descriptions for two additional species based on recent

collections from Pakistan are provided below.

Materials & methods

The collections preserved in LAH herbarium were examined and divided, with

separate vouchers being deposited in AH herbarium. Specimens were mounted in

Hoyer’s medium and studied with a Nikon microscope. Spores were measured under

the oil immersion objective.

DNA was extracted and amplified as described in Alvarado et al. (2012). The primers

ITS1F and ITS4 (White et al. 1990, Gardes & Bruns 1993) were used to amplify the

46 ... Moreno & al.

Fic. 1. Phallus hadriani: Mature fruiting bodies with an egg. Bar = 0.5 cm

Phallus spp. new to Pakistan ... 47

internal transcribed spacer region. Sequences were visually inspected for reading errors

in MEGA4.0 (Tamura et al. 2007). Validated sequences were stored in GenBank under

the accession numbers listed below. These sequences were aligned with the closest

matches obtained with BLAST searches through the public databases. ITS sequences

came mainly from Cheong (unpublished). Sequences were first aligned in MEGA 4.0

software using its ClustalW application and then corrected manually. The aligned locus

was loaded in PAUP* 4.0b10 (Swofford 2001) and a maximum parsimony phylogenetic

tree was reconstructed (2000 bootstrap replicates, TBR swapping algorithm, 50 sequence

additions per replicate, MulTrees not in effect). It was also subjected to MrModeltest

2.3 (Nylander 2004) in PAUP* 4.0b10. The best model was then implemented in

MrBayes 3.1 (Ronquist & Huelsenbeck 2003), where a Bayesian analysis was performed

(5.8S-ITS2 data partitioned, 2 simultaneous runs, 6 chains, temperature set to 0.2,

sampling every 100" generation) until convergence parameters were met after about

200,000 generations. Significance thresholds were above 70% for bootstrap (BP) and

99% for posterior probability (PP).

Taxonomy

Phallus hadriani Vent., Mém. Inst. nat. Sci. Arts 1: 517 (1798) Fig. 1

Ecce <50 mm tall x 30 mm diam., subglobose to ovoid, sheathed by a tough,

brown membrane. MATURE FRUITING BODy grayish to violet, <123 mm high,

attached to the substratum by well-developed thick branched rhizomorphs at

the base. RECEPTACULUM with an off white reticulate pileus head and stipe.

Prieus slightly campanulate, having glebal mass, <30 mm tall x 25 mm diam.,

cylindrical, narrowing at the top, hollow. GLEBA olivaceous green wet, sticky,

deliquescent, not very smelly. Stipe off white, spongy, hollow, porous, <80

mm tall x 17-20 mm diam., cylindrical, almost equal, firm, hard. Votva thick,

texture soft, cup-shaped, covering 1/3" of the stipe, globose, grayish to violet

with off white tones, outer surface relatively smooth, not encrusted with soil

particles, lined with grayish to violet gelatinous and sticky material inside, <37

mm tall x 35 mm diam. Spores 3-5 x 1-2 um, ellipsoid, hyaline, smooth.

MATERIAL EXAMINED: PAKISTAN: KuyBEeR PAKHTUN Kuwa, Khanspur, near P.U.

teachers suites, ca. 2250 m a.s.l., solitary, on ground, on mountainous slopes, in

Himalayan moist temperate forest, 22 Aug. 2010, N. Yousaf NYGO1 (LAH 228210; AH

39161, GenBank KF481956).

Phallus roseus Delile, Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat. 2: 300 (1813) Fics 2-6

= Itajahya rosea (Delile) E. Fisch., Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 47: 294 (1929)

Ecce off white to pinkish, subglobose, outer surface rough, encrusted with

soil particles, 55 mm tall x 75 mm diam.; longitudinal section showing three

layers forming a semicircle: outer layer 6mm thick, grayish with off white

tones; middle layer <9 mm wide, grayish, smooth, shiny, wet, sticky, inner layer

brownish, roughened by finger-like projections facing the centre; core white,

soft, covered by layers on all sides except at the base. MATURE FRUITING BoDy

48 ... Moreno & al.

a ‘ -

Fics 2-6: Phallus roseus: 2. Eggs of fruiting body. 3. Cross-section of the egg showing three-layered

arrangement. 4-5. Fruiting body development. 6. Mature fruiting body. Bars = 20 mm.

gregarious, <80 mm tall x 17 mm diam at the top and 45 mm at the base,

attached to the ground by well-developed, branched, white, thick rhizomorphs.

RECEPTACULUM bearing pileus and stipe. Piteus globose to subglobose,

21 mm high x 34 mm diam., hollow, having glebal mass with irregular

appendices pinkish. GLEBA grayish, turning blackish with age, unpleasant odor

when collected. Soft, wet, sticky. Stipe off pinkish white to pinkish, hollow,

spongy, porous, hard, entirely enclosed by volva, broader and wider at the base

Phallus spp. new to Pakistan ... 49

(30 mm in diam.) and narrowing upwards (25 mm diam.), some stipe flesh

present at the top of receptaculum as an extension, extended part irregularly

shaped, pinkish, <17 mm high. Votva ovoid, saccate, 45 mm tall x 30-45 mm

diam., prominent, well developed, covering all the stipe almost from all sides,

ends where glebal mass is present, whitish, thick, texture soft, outer surface

rough, slightly having patchy appearance, encrusted with soil particles, smooth,

membranous, gelatinous and shiny from inside, remnants of volva present on

the stipe in form of white patches. SporEs 3-4 x 1.5-2 um, ellipsoid, hyaline,

smooth.

MATERIAL EXAMINED: PAKISTAN: Punjas, Lahore, University of the Punjab, Quaid-

e-Azam campus, Plant nursery, RO II, ca. 217 m a.s.l., gregarious, on ground, under

Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. (Fabaceae), 10 Aug. 2010, N. Yousaf NYGO2 (LAH 108210,

GenBank KF481955; AH 39160).

Discussion

Phallus hadriani, currently included in Phallus sect. Dictyophora (Desv.)

Kreisel, is characterized by its reticulate pileus surface with pinkish or violet

tones. It somewhat resembles P impudicus, a species with a whitish volva that

lacks the purple or pinkish purple tones typical of P hadriani. Kreisel (1996)

GQ981513 Mutinus caninus

1.00/100 r AF324170 Phallus rugulosus

1.00/100 AF324169 Phallus rugulosus

Phallus roseus KF481955

AF324157 Dictyophora indusiata

AF324161 Dictyophora indusiata

1-00/100 ‘o0vr? || AF324160 Dictyophora indusiata

AF324162 Dictyophora phalloidea

4.00/100 r AF324171 Phallus impudicus

1.00/99 AB615481 Uncultured fungus

cane FJ197936 Uncultured fungus

1.00/100 L GQ999338 Uncultured fungus

4.00/100 1 Phallus hadriani KF481956

DQ404385 Phallus hadriani

1.00/100 - JN182874 Dictyophora indusiata

0.99/100 HQ414538 Dictyophora indusiata f. lutea

AF324173 Dictyophora indusiata f. lutea

4.00/99 f AF324167 Dictyophora echinovolvata

-H——

AF324165 Dictyophora echinovolvata 08

Fic. 7: Consensus ITS tree generated in MrBayes 3.1 showing the examined specimens and their

closest relatives in the Phallaceae. Values above nodes represent PAUP maximum parsimony

bootstrap proportions, while those below nodes represent MrBayes posterior probabilities.

50 ... Moreno & al.

cites P hadriani from temperate and Mediterranean Europe, central Asia,

China, Japan, and North America.

Although Fischer (1929) transferred P roseus to Itajahya, Kreisel (1996)

includes the species in Phallus subg. Itajahya (Mller) Kreisel, together with

P. galericulatus (Moller) Kreisel and P glutinolens (Mdéller) Kuntze (emend.

Trierveiler-Pereira et al. 2009). Phallus glutinolens can be separated from both

P. roseus and P. galericulatus based on its pinkish stipe and greenish gleba;

P. galericulatus does not present a greenish gleba. Phallus roseus, a rare species

from desert areas, was recently recorded from the Hadramout valley in Yemen

(Kreisel & Al-Fatimi 2008) and the semi-arid Brazilian region (Ottoni et al.

2010).

We provide the first molecular data for P. roseus, which clearly separate

the species from the impudicus/hadriani group and apparently link it to

P. rugulosus Lloyd. Additionally, molecular data suggest that a cryptic species

could exist within P. impudicus, as shown by the different lineages observed in

the phylogenetic tree. However, the lack of sequences coming from available

fruiting bodies make necessary further sampling efforts to confirm this

hypothesis.

Acknowledgements

We express our gratitude to M.M. Dios and M. Esqueda for reviewing the manuscript

and adding a number of useful comments, to Luis Monje and Angel Pueblas of the

“Gabinete de Dibujo y Fotografia Cientifica” at the Universidad de Alcala de Henares

for help in the digital preparation of the photographs, and to Dr. J. Rejos, curator of the

AH herbarium.

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Calonge FD. 2005. A tentative key to identify the species of Phallus. Bol. Soc. Micol. Madrid 29:

9-18.

Calonge FD, Kreisel H. 2002. Phallus minusculus sp. nova from Tropical Africa. Feddes Repert. 113:

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Moller. Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 47: 288-295.

Phallus spp. new to Pakistan ... 51

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to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts. Mol. Ecol. 2: 113-118.

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Kreisel H. 1996. A preliminary survey of the genus Phallus sensu lato. Czech Mycol. 48: 273-281.

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457-462. http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/108.457

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Mycotaxon 112: 5-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/112.5

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(MEGA) software version 4.0. Mol. Biol. Evol. 24: 1596-1599.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msm092

Trierveiler-Pereira L, Loguercio-Leite C, Calonge FD, Baseia IG. 2009. An emendation of Phallus

glutinolens. Mycol. Progress 8: 377-380. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11557-009-0603-7

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MY COTAXON

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/125.53

Volume 125, pp. 53-58 July-September 2013

Nidula shingbaensis sp. nov.,

a new bird's nest fungus from India

KANAD Das! & Rut LIN ZHAO ”

‘Botanical Survey of India, SHRC, Gangtok 737103, Sikkim, India

’ Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control in Yunnan Province,

Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan Prov. 650224, PR China

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: Zhaoruilin@gmail.com

ABSTRACT —A new species of bird’s nest fungi, Nidula shingbaensis, is proposed from the

state of Sikkim. It is characterised by a slightly flared moderate to large peridium, yellowish

interior peridium-wall, numerous brown-coloured peridioles with irregularly wrinkled

surfaces, large broadly ellipsoid to elongate basidiospores, and a six-layered (in cross-

section) peridium. A detailed description is supported by macro- and micromorphological

illustrations, and the relation with similar and related taxa is discussed.

Key worps — Basidiomycota, macrofungi, Agaricaceae, Agaricales, taxonomy

Introduction

Bird’s nest fungi, previously placed in a separate family Nidulariaceae,

were recently moved to the Agaricaceae (Kirk et al. 2008). Currently, they are

represented in India by three genera with 17 species (14 Cyathus spp., Nidula

emodensis, N. candida, and one Crucibulum sp.; Das & Zhao 2012).

Shingba Rhododendron Sanctuary (43 km?) lies in the North district of

Sikkim (a small Indian state in the eastern Himalaya). This subalpine area in the

Yumthang valley and surroundings is covered by over 40 Rhododendron species

but otherwise dominated by trees (Abies densa, Picea spinulosa, Tsuga dumosa,

Larix griffithii, Magnolia globosa, M. campbellii, Acer pectinatum, Betula utilis)

and harbours abundant macrofungi. During a 2011 macrofungal survey, the

senior author came across a striking bird’s nest fungus, which, after thorough

macro- and micromorphological studies and literature surveys, we propose

here as a new species, Nidula shingbaensis. We offer a detailed description and

illustrations, discuss the relationship of the new species with allied Indian and

extralimital taxa, and provide a provisional key to all species of Nidula.

54 ... Das & Zhao

Materials & methods

Macromorphological characters were recorded from the fresh basidiomata in the field

and in the base camp. Field photographs of the fresh basidiomata were taken with the

aid of Nikon D300s. Colour codes and terms (mostly) are as in the Colour identification

chart of British Fungus Flora (Henderson et al. 1969). Immediately after recording the

macromorphological characters, basidiomata were dried with a field drier.

In the laboratory, macromorphological characters were again observed from

the dry samples with the help of stereo zoom dissecting microscope Nikon SMZ

1500 and photographs were taken through the attached dedicated camera. Other

micromorphological structures such as basidiospores, cross-sections of peridium and

peridiole were noted with the aid of light microscope Nikon E 50i and photography

was made with the attached dedicated camera based on the free-hand sections from dry

samples mounted in a mixture of 5 % KOH, 30 % glycerol, phloxine and cotton blue.

Spore measurements are noted based on twenty basidiospores. Spore size measurements

and length/width ratios (Q) are presented as: minimum-—mean-maximum. Herbaria

names are after Holmgren et al. 1990.

Taxonomy

Nidula shingbaensis K. Das & R.L. Zhao, sp. nov. PLATES 1-2

MycoBank: MB 803499

Differs from all other Nidula species by its six-layered peridium.

Type: India. Srkxim: North District, Shingba Rhododendron Sanctuary, 27°43'28.1"N

88°44'53.8"E, alt. 2997 m, 24.VIII.2011, K. Das, KD-11-76 (Holotype, BSHC; GenBank

KC763972. Isotype, SWFC).

EryMo_oey: after Shingba Rhododendron Sanctuary, the type locality

BASIDIOMATA urn- or vase-shaped, 6-9 mm high (<11 mm high with

epiphragm/lid), 5-7 mm wide at mouth, gradually tapering towards base (up

to 4mm wide), sessile. EPIPHRAGM operculate, buff (52), rupturing at maturity.

EXTERIOR of the peridium distinctly matted fibrillose to villose, or wooly,

hairs mostly in tufts (<230 um high), white to buff or clay pink; mouth slightly

flared, margin straight to recurved, fringed, white (1A1), never wooly, never

split into stellate lobes. INTERIOR of the peridium smooth (never plicate), never

shining, saffron (49) to pale yellow (3C) towards mouth, rust or darker towards

base. PERIDIOLES numerous (<40), 0.9-1.3 mm in diam., lenticular, surface

irregularly wrinkled, very sticky, embedded in transparent mucilaginous gel

when moist, cinnamon (10), snuff brown (17) to cigar brown (16); funiculus

absent.

PERIDIUM 650-720 um thick (excluding hair), comprising six layers. Four

outer layers composed of loose hyphal mats, “intricata” textura; each layered

separated by a cord of grouped hyphae; the four (from the outermost) are 210

um, 80 um, <85 um, and <120 um thick; hyphae 3.5-5 um wide, thick-walled

(wall <2 um thick), with clamp connections, hyaline to greenish yellow in KOH.

Nidula shingbaensis sp. nov. (India) ... 55

td |

}

| |

Wall

ii)

PiaTE 1: Nidula shingbaensis (Holotype KD-11-76). A, E. Basidiomata attached on substrates

showing epiphragm and peridioles; B. Exterior of peridium (from dry sample); C. Peridium

showing flared mouth and peridioles; D. Peridioles with wrinkled surface; F. Longitudinal section

of peridium showing the interior (from dry sample). Scale bars: B, C, F= 1 mm; D=0.5 mm.

Two inner layers of very similar nature, comparatively compact, placed above

the internal (inner most) edge of disintegrated hyphae; the outermost is <90

um and the innermost <190 um thick. Hairs (<70 um wide at base) originating

56 ... Das & Zhao

from hyphal cord, passing through two or three outer layers projected beyond

(emergent) the outer most layer <230 um. PERIDIOLES three layered (cortex,

subcortex and hymenium), covered with tunica (<27 um thick); cortex

<48 um thick, two layered, consisting of an exocortex with hyphal tips (hyphae

<2.2 um wide) projecting in tunica, blue (72) in cotton blue and an endocortex

with branched aseptate slightly to very thick-walled (<4 um thick) grayish

yellow to rust (13) or rusty tawny (14) hyphae (<10 um wide); subcortex thick

(<120 um), yellowish brown to cinnamon in cotton blue, subhyaline towards

hymenium, with very thick-walled (wall <8 um thick) hyphae having narrow

lumen, bluish with cotton blue; hymenium <145 um thick, subhyaline, blue in

cotton blue, containing spore mass and hyphae (<2 um wide). CAPILLITIUM

absent. Basrp1a not found (in mature peridioles). BASIDIOSPORES 6.9-8.3-9.8

x 4.9-5.4-6.1 um, broadly ellipsoid to elongate (Q = 1.25-1.52-1.88), mostly

rounded at both ends or at least at one end, thick-walled (<1 um thick),

subhyaline, contents blue in cotton blue, hyaline to greenish yellow (inamyloid)

in Melzer’s reagent and pink in phloxine.

EcoLocy & DISTRIBUTION — Gregarious to caespitose on small fallen twigs

of Abies densa Griff. in subalpine coniferous or mixed forest. August. Rare.

ADDITIONAL SPECIMEN EXAMINED: INDIA. Sikkim: Nortu District, Shingba

Rhododendron Sanctuary, 27°43'48.6"N 88°44'32.0"E, alt. 3095 m, 25.VHI.2011, K.

Das, KD-11-92 (BSHC).

Notes — Its morphological characters (urn- to vase-shaped basidiomata

containing numerous lenticular brown peridioles, six-layered peridium, mouth

with epiphragm/lid, presence of tunica on the peridioles, two-layered cortex

enclosing basidia and basidiospores, absence of capillitium and presence of

smooth, hyaline, broadly ellipsoid to elongate basidiospores) easily place the

present species amongst bird’s nest fungi. Moreover, the presence of a multi-

layered peridium with epiphragm/lid, absence of funiculus, and presence of

transparent mucilaginous gel surrounding the peridioles confirms its placement

in Nidula (Brodie 1975; Miller & Miller 1988).

Nidula shingbaensis is distinguished by its moderate to large peridium (6-9

x 5-7 mm), yellowish interior peridium-wall, brown-coloured large (0.9-1.3

mm diam.) peridioles with irregularly wrinkled surface, broadly ellipsoid to

elongate large (6.9-9.8 x 4.9-6.1 um) basidiospores, and six-layered peridium

(in cross-section).

Macroscopically the new species is quite similar to three other Nidula

species: N. emodensis (Berk.) Lloyd (Berkeley 1854; Cunningham 1924),

N. candida (Peck) V.S. White (Brodie 1975; Das & Zhao 2012) and N. macrocarpa

Lloyd (Lloyd 1917). However, N. emodensis differs in its smaller (4—6 mm high)

peridia and relatively small (0.5-1 mm diam.) peridioles that are almost black

at maturity (Cunningham 1924). Nidula candida differs by the larger peridium

Nidula shingbaensis sp. nov. (India) ... 57

PLATE 2: Nidula shingbaensis (Holotype KD-11-76). A. Basidiospores; B. Cross-section of peridium

showing six layers; C. Four loose outer layers of peridium; D, F. Cross-section of peridiole showing

tunica, cortex, subcortex and hymenium (blue), E. Transverse-section of peridiole showing tunica

covering two layered cortex and subcortex. Scale bars: A, E = 10 um; B-D, F = 100 um.

(8-13 mm high) with more flared mouth and larger peridioles (1.5-1.8 mm

diam.; Das & Zhao 2012). Similarly, N. macrocarpa (reported from Argentina

and Chile) can be separated from N. shingbaensis by its small (0.5-1 mm diam.)

peridioles and single layered peridium in cross-section (Diehl 2000). Finally,

another species, N. niveotomentosa (Henn.) Lloyd (reported from North

58 ... Das & Zhao

America), differs from N. shingbaensis by its shorter peridium (5-7 mm high)

and smaller peridioles (0.5-1 mm diam.; Miller & Miller 2006).

A provisional key to Nidula species

1. Basidiomata large, often > 10 mm high............. 0... 2

Li Basidiomata stall alwayes< 10 wi Wig bit, eek land cated cst band organs an elanas elapahdia dara 3

2. Peridioles 1.5-3 mm diam.; basidiospores 8-10 x 4-6 um.............. N. candida

2. Peridioles 0.5-1.0 mm diam.; basidiospores 12-16 x 5-6um........ N. macrocarpa

3. Exterior of peridium dingy grey; peridioles almost black at maturity... N. emodensis

3. Exterior of peridium white to yellowish or buff; peridioles reddish brown to grey,

HC Vels DIAC Ait aas Fa tats #2808 AAs Be Ee et ae ee EE ee wet ee 4

4. Peridioles 0.5-1.0 mm diam.; peridium 2-3-layered............ N. niveotomentosa

4. Peridioles 0.9-1.3 mm diam.; peridium 6-layered................. N. shingbaensis

Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to the Director, Botanical Survey of India, Kolkata (India)

and Department of Forest, Environment and Wild Life Management, Government of

Sikkim for providing all kinds of facilities during this study. They are thankful to Drs.

Annemieke Verbeken (Belgium) and Zai-Wei Ge (China) for kindly reviewing the

manuscript and providing valuable suggestions. Assistance (during macrofungal survey

to Shingba Rhododendron Sanctuary) rendered by S.K. Rai, R.K. Ram, and P. Tamang

(BSI, SHRC, Gangtok) is duly acknowledged. National Natural Science Foundation of

China (Project ID: 31000013) is thanked for providing partial financial support to this

research.

Literature cited

Berkeley MJ. 1854. Decades XLVIL, XLVII. Indian fungi. Hooker’s Journal of Botany 6: 204-212.

Brodie HJ. 1975. The bird’s nest fungi. University of Toronto Press. Toronto and Buffalo.

Cunningham GH. 1924. A revision of the New Zealand Nidulariales, or bird’s-nest fungi.

Transactions of the New Zealand Institute 55: 55-66.

Das K, Zhao R. 2012. Bird’s nest fungi in India: a new record from Sikkim. 61-68, in: A. Biju Kumar

et al. (eds). Biodiversity & Taxonomy. Narendra Publishing House, Delhi, India.

Diehl P. 2000. Anatomy of the peridium in the genus Nidula (Nidulariales, Basidiomycetes). Sydowia

52: 16-29.

Henderson DM, Orton PD, Watling R. 1969. British fungus flora: agarics and boleti: colour

identification chart. Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, UK.

Holmgren PK, Holmgren NH, Barnett LC. 1990. Index Herbariorum. Part 1: Herbaria of the world,

8 ed. Regnum Vegetabile 120.

Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA. 2008. Ainsworth and Bisby’s Dictionary of the fungi,

10° Edition, CAB International, Wallingford, UK.

Lloyd CG. 1917. Mycological Notes 51. Mycological Writings 5: 731.

Miller OK Jr, Miller HH. 1988. Gasteromycetes—morphological and developmental features with

keys to the orders, families and genera. Mad River Press, Eureka, California, USA.

Miller OK Jr, Miller HH. 2006. North American mushrooms. Falcon Guides, Montana, USA.

MY COTAXON

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/125.59

Volume 125, pp. 59-64 July-September 2013

Geosmithia tibetensis sp. nov. and new Gibellulopsis

and Scopulariopsis records from Qinghai-Tibet

YUE-MING Wu’”, JUN-JIE XuU?, HONG-FENG WANG‘ & TIAN-YU ZHANG?”

' Department of Plant Pathology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China

? Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Shandong Province, Taian, 271018, China

° College of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Shandong Province, Linyi, 276000, China

* Shandong Agricultural University Fertilizer Science & Technology Company Limited,

Taian, 271000, China

*CORRESPONDENCE TO: tyzhang1937@yahoo.com.cn

ABSTRACT — A new Geosmithia species and new records of Gibellulopsis nigrescens and

Scopulariopsis canadensis are described and illustrated from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Area, China. Specimens (dried cultures) and living cultures are deposited in the Herbarium

of Shandong Agricultural University, Plant Pathology (HSAUP). Duplicates are kept in the

Herbarium of Institute of Microbiology, Academia Sinica (HMAS).

KEY worps — dematiaceous hyphomycetes, soil fungi, taxonomy

Introduction

During a survey of soil dematiaceous hyphomycetes in China, several

unusual species with phialidic conidia were isolated. One represents a new

species and the others new records for China.

We describe as new Geosmithia tibetensis, which is illustrated from cultures

grown on Czapek yeast extract agar (CYA; Pitt & Hocking 1985). Geosmithia,

established by Pitt (1979), is characterized by asexual penicillate fruiting

structures, typically with entirely rough-walled elements. The conidiogenous

cells are cylindrical phialides. Conidia, which form in long chains, are smooth,

ellipsoidal or subspherical, 0-septate, and hyaline to pale brown. Index

Fungorum (2012) listed 19 taxa, and while Seifert et al. (2011) estimated that

the genus might contain 18 valid species.

Gibellulopsis, established by Batista & Maia (1959), is characterized by

subulate phialides and conidia that are hyaline and ellipsoidal to short-

cylindrical. Chlamydospores are formed abundantly. Seifert et al. (2011) stated

that the genus contains only one valid species. Scopulariopsis, established by

60 ... Wu &al.

Bainier (1907), is characterized by penicillate conidiophores bearing cylindrical

annellides, and conidia are elongate, ovate, or mitriform, hyaline to pale buff in

mass. Although Index Fungorum (2012) listed 102 taxa (many infraspecific),

Seifert et al. (2011) estimated that the genus may contain only 25 valid species.

Fia. 1. Geosmithia tibetensis (ex holotype HSAUP II 2000).

Conidia, conidiophores, and conidiogenous cells. Scale bars = 25 um.

Geosmithia tibetensis sp. nov. (China) ... 61

Geosmithia tibetensis Y.M. Wu & T.Y. Zhang, sp. nov. FIG. 1

MycoBank MB 802833

Differs from Geosmithia fassatiae by its larger conidia and phialidic conidiogenous cells

without a distinct collar around the apical pore and from G. lavendula by its larger and

paler brown conidia and moderately brown conidiophores.

Type: China, Tibet: Jiangzi, from a grassland soil, altitude 4100 m, 11 Sept. 2007, Y.M.

Wu (Holotype HSAUP II ,.2000; isotype HMAS 196275).

EryMoLoey: in reference to the type locality.

CoLonigs on CYA effuse, velvety, pale yellow-brown, Mycelium superficial or

immersed, hyphae branched, septate, smooth, subhyaline to light brown, 2-3 um

wide. CONIDIOPHORES light brown, hyaline towards the apex, macronematous,

mononematous, solitary, erect, septate, conspicuously to finely roughened,

60-80 um long, 3-4 um wide, penicillate, terminally bearing a small number of

elements, typically monoverticillate to biverticillate, verrucose, 6-15 x 3-5 um.

CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS phialides, terminal, verrucose, hyaline, cylindrical,

clavate or obclavate, 8-20 x 3-5 um. Conip1a smooth, ellipsoidal to oblong,

pale brown, often distinctly pointed apex, with a subtruncate base, adhering in

chains, 0-septate, 4.5-6 x 3-4.2 um.

Comments - Morphologically, G. tibetensis resembles G. fassatiae M. Kolatik

et al. (Kolarik et al. 2005) and G. lavendula (Raper & Fennell) Pitt (Pitt 1979),

but G. fassatiae has smaller conidia (3.5-4.5 x 2.5-3 um) and conidiogenous

cells often with a distinct collar around the apical pore, while G. lavendula has

smaller, hyaline conidia (4.0-5.5 x 2.0-2.5 um).

Gibellulopsis nigrescens (Pethybr.) Zare, W. Gams & Summerb.,

Nova Hedwigia 85: 477 (2007) RIG:2

CoLoniges on PDA effuse, dark grey, velvety. Mycelium superficial or

immersed, hyphae branched, septate, smooth, hyaline to pale brown, 2-3

um wide. CONIDIOPHORES smooth, pale brown, hyaline towards the apex,

macronematous, mononematous, solitary or in groups, erect, septate, 180-230

um long, 2.5-3.5 um wide. CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS phialidic, smooth, hyaline,

clavate or subulate, 20-45 x 1.5-2.5 um. Conip1A smooth, ellipsoidal to

ovate, hyaline, often in chains, 0-septate, 4-6 x 1.5-2.5 um. Chlamydospores

abundant.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: CHINA. TIBET: Xigaze, from a forest soil, altitude 3100 m, 11

Sept. 2007, Y.M. Wu (HSAUP II 1082, HMAS 196276).

Gibellulopsis nigrescens is reported for the first time from China. Compared with

the morphological characters of the species as described by Zare et al. (2007),

both have hyaline conidia that are smooth, ellipsoidal to short-cylindrical, 0-

septate, often in chains, and measure 4-6 x 1.5-2.5 um and both form abundant

62 ... Wu &al.

Fic. 2. Gibellulopsis nigrescens (HSAUP II 1082).

Conidia, chlamydospores, conidiophores, and conidiogenous cells. Scale bars = 25 um.

chlamydospores. We believe they are the same species. This is the only species

known in the genus (Seifert et al. 2011).

Scopulariopsis canadensis F. J. Morton & G. Sm., Mycol. Pap. 86: 55 (1963) Fic. 3

CoLoniges on MA (malt agar) effuse, fuscous-black, velvety. Mycelium

superficial or partly immersed, hyphae branched, septate, smooth, hyaline

Geosmithia tibetensis sp. nov. (China) ... 63

Fra. 3. Scopulariopsis canadensis (HSAUP II 1481).

Conidia, conidiophores, and conidiogenous cells. Scale bar = 25 um.

to pale brown, 1.5-2.5 um wide. Conrp1opHoress bearing annellophores in

groups of 2-5 without metulae, or irregularly branched, pale brown, septate,

smooth, 10-30 x 2.5-3.5 um. CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS phialidic, terminal,

smooth, hyaline, clavate or subulate, 8-15 x 3-6 um. Conrp1a smooth, pale

brown, ovate to oblong, with distinctly truncate base and rounded apex, often

in chains, 0-septate, 6-8.5 x 4-5.5 um.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: CHINA. TIBET: Xigaze, from a grassland soil, altitude 4550 m, 20

Sept. 2007, Y.M. Wu (HSAUP II 1481, HMAS 196277).

Scopulariopsis canadensis is reported for the first time from China. Compared

with the descriptions by Morton & Smith (1963), both our specimens and

the type have annellophores and pale brown conidia that are smooth, ovate

to oblong, with distinctly truncate bases and rounded apices, often in chains,

0-septate, 6-8.5 x 4-5.5 um. We believe they are the same species. In conidial

shape, this species is most similar to S. candida (Vuillemin 1911), which differs

in producing smaller (5-8 x 4-7 um), and very pale conidia.

64 ... Wu &al.

Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful for pre-submission comments and suggestions provided by

Dr Eric McKenzie, Prof. Y.L. Guo, and Dr. Shaun Pennycook. This project was supported

by the National Science Foundation of China (no. 30970011 & 30499340).

Literature cited

Bainier G. 1907. Mycothéque de l'Ecole de Pharmacie. XIV. Scopulariopsis genre nouveau de

Mucédinées. Bull. Soc. Mycol. Fr. 23: 98-105.

Batista AC, H Da Silva Maia. 1959. Uma nova doenca fungica de peixe ornamental. Anais Soc. Biol.

Pernambuco. 16(1): 154-156.

Index Fungorum. 2012. http://www.indexfungorum.org/Names/Names.asp (accessed 17 Dec.

2012).

Kolatik M, Kubatova A, Cepicka I, Pazoutova S, Sritka P. 2005. A complex of three new white-

spored, sympatric, and host range limited Geosmithia species. Mycol. Res. 109(12): 1323-1336.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0953756205003965

Morton FJ, Smith G. 1963. The genera Scopulariopsis Bainier, Microascus Zukal, and Doratomyces

Corda. Mycol. Pap. 86: 1-96.

Pitt JI. 1979. Geosmithia gen. nov. for Penicillium lavendulum and related species. Can. J. Bot. 57:

2021-2030.

Pitt JI, Hocking AD. 1985. Interfaces among genera related to Aspergillus and Penicillium. Mycologia

77(5): 810-824.

Seifert K, Morgan-Jones G, Gams W, Kendrick B. 2011. The genera of hyphomycetes. CBS

Biodiversity Series. CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, Netherlands. 997 p.

Vuillemin P. 1911. Difference fondementale entre le genre Monilia et les genres Scopulariopsis,

Acmosporium et Catenularia. Bull. Soc. Mycol. Fr. 27: 137-152.

Zare R, Gams W, Starink-Willemse M, Summerbell RC. 2007. Gibellulopsis, a suitable genus

for Verticillium nigrescens, and Musicillium, a new genus for V. theobromae. Nova Hedwigia

85(3-4): 463-489. http://dx.doi-org/10.1127/0029-5035/2007/0085-0463

MYCOTAXON

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/125.65

Volume 125, pp. 65-67 July-September 2013

New records of crustose lichens from China — 1

QIANG REN* & SHUXIA LI

College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: rendagiang@hotmail.com

ABSTRACT — During recent studies on the crustose lichens from northeast China, Cyphelium

lucidum, Varicellaria lactea, and Diploschistes euganeus were revealed as new records for

China or mainland China. Illustrations and brief taxonomic descriptions are provided for

these three newly reported species.

Key worps — lichenized fungi, taxonomy, Greater Khingan Mountains

Introduction

In the course of our investigations on the lichen flora of northeast China,

three new lichen records for China or mainland China were discovered. There

are two mountain ranges in northeast China: the Greater Khingan Mountains

and the Lesser Khingan Mountains. The average precipitation exceeds 500

millimeters annually in the mountains, and the northern half of the mountains

is the coldest part of eastern China, with an extremely severe winter (mean

temperature -28°C). The mountains are covered by forests of larch, birch,

aspen, and pine. Specimens collected from other parts of China were also

studied. Illustrations and brief taxonomic descriptions are provided for the

newly reported taxa.

Materials & methods

All specimens examined are deposited in the Lichen Section of Botanical Herbarium,

Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China (SDNU).

The lichen specimens were examined using an OLyMPus SZ 51 stereomicroscope and

hand-cut sections under an OLyMPus CX 21 compound microscope. Photographs of the

thallus were taken with an OLympus SZX16 camera with DP72. Color reactions (spot

tests) were made using standard methods (Orange et al. 2001). Secondary metabolites

of all specimens were identified using thin layer chromatography (TLC) as described by

Elix et al. (1987) and Orange et al. (2001).

66 ... Ren & Li

The new records

Cyphelium lucidum (Th. Fr.) Th. Fr., Gen. Heterolich. Eur.: 101 (1861) PLATE 1A

This species is characterized by a brilliant greenish yellow, areolate thallus;

prominent, well dispersed, cup-like, black apothecia with sometimes lightly

yellow pruinose discs; always yellow pruinose rim of the apothecia; ascospores 2-

celled, about 10-20 x 7.5-10 um, with a very rough surface; and the production

of vulpinic acid. Cyphelium notarisii (Tul.) Blomb. & Forssell is another species

with yellow-green thallus reported in China (Wu et al. 1997), but C. notarisii

has immersed, epruinose apothecia and submuriform ascospores.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED — CHINA. HEILONGJIANG PROv.: TAHE County, Mengkeshan

Forestry Centre, alt. 555 m, on bark of Larix sp., 14 Aug. 2009, Qiang Ren 2009197

(SDNU).

Varicellaria lactea (L.) Schmitt & Lumbsch, Mycokeys 4: 31 (2012) PLATE 1B

Diagnostic characters are the white-grey thallus with a regularly rimose-

areolate surface; the round white soralia; the production of lecanoric acid;

and the substrate of dry, siliceous or slightly calcareous rock. Apothecia were

not seen in Chinese materials. The species might be confused with Pertusaria

hemisphaerica (Flérke) Erichsen and P. excludens Nyl., but P. hemisphaerica has

a pale blue-grey thallus with paler markedly convex soralia, which is C+ red,

Qe < " 4 el > > » FO OY ry NY as A e eS OF ne’

AR hp Ta? ether oR RI a ROE

PiaTE 1. A, Cyphelium lucidum (Qiang Ren 2009197); B, Varicellaria lactea (Qiang Ren 2012201);

C, Diploschistes euganeus (Daifeng Jiang 20120613). Scale bars: A = 0.5 mm; B= 2mm; C= 1mm.

Cyphelium, Varicellaria, and Diploschistes spp. new for China... 67

and occurs on trees. Pertusaria excludens also occurs on rocks but produces a

C- medulla and soralia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED — CHINA. INNER MONGOLIA: EERGUNA CITY, Eerguna Nature

Reserve, 51°50.763'N 120°38.860'E, alt. 532 m, on siliceous rocks, 14 Aug. 2012, Qiang

Ren 2012165 (SDNU); Moerdaoga Forest Park, 51°27.415'N 120°45.699’E, alt. 750 m, on

siliceous rock, 10 Aug. 2012, Qiang Ren 2012060 (SDNU); Moerdaoga Forestry Bureau,

Mt. Jiageda, 51°22.698'N 120°49.745’E, alt. 1255 m, on calcareous rock, 15 Aug. 2012,

Qiang Ren 2012201 (SDNU). JINLIN PRov.: Yanji City, Wangqing County, Tianqiaoling

Town, Mt. Tulaopo, alt. 1011 m, on siliceous rock, 1 Dec. 2007, Chao Yuan & Liyan Sun

20073409, 20073419 (SDNU). X1zaNnG: Baxru County, Ranwu Town, Laigu Glacier,

alt. 4200 m, on siliceous rock,,32 Oct. 2007, Guoying Han 20072967 (SDNU).

Diploschistes euganeus (A. Massal.) J. Steiner, Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien

69: 96 (1919) PLATE 1C

This species is characterized by the thin whitish gray thallus that is rimose-

areolate; perithecioid, immersed to semi-immersed ascomata; 8-spored asci

with brown, broadly ellipsoid ascospores; absence of lichen metabolites; and

a siliceous rock substrate. Diploschistes euganeus, which was reported from

Taiwan (Aptroot 2011), is new to mainland China. Diploschistes arabiensis

Lumbsch also occurs on siliceous rocks and lacks secondary metabolites but

differs in its whitish thicker thallus, ridged apothecia, predominantly 6-spored

asci, and distribution in Arabia and western North America.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED — CHINA. LIAONING: CHAOYANG CITY, Beipiao County, Mt.

Dahei, alt. 1300 m, on siliceous rock, 14 Aug. 2011, Daifeng Jiang 20120613 (SDNU).

Acknowledgements

This study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of

China (31100011) and the Program for Scientific research innovation team in colleges

and universities of Shandong Province. The authors thank Drs. André Aptroot (ABL

Herbarium, Soest, The Netherlands) and Shouyu Guo (Institute of Microbiology, CAS)

for presubmission reviews.

Literature cited

Aptroot A. 2011. Checklist of lichens and lichenicolous fungi of Taiwan.

http://www. biologie.uni-hamburg.de/checklists/lichens/asia/taiwan_l.htm

Brodo IM, Sharnoff SD, Sharnoff S. 2001. Lichens of North America. New Haven and London: Yale

University Press.

Elix JA, Johnston J, Parker JL. 1987. A catalogue of standard thin layer chromatographic data and

biosynthetic relationships for lichen substances. Canberra: Australian National University.

Orange A, James PW, White FJ. 2001. Microchemical methods for the identification of lichens.

London: British Lichen Society.

Smith CW, Aptroot A, Coppins BJ, Fletcher A, Gilbert OL, James PW, Wolseley PA (eds). 2009. The

lichens of Great Britain and Ireland. Second edition. London: British Lichen Society.

Wu JN, Kang RC, Abdulla A. 1997. The lichen genera Cyphelium and Pseudevernia and lichen

species Peltula tortuosa first recorded in China from Hanas of Xinjiang. Arid Zone Research.

14(3): 13-15. (in Chinese with English abstract)

MY COTAXON

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/125.69

Volume 125, pp. 69-80 July-September 2013

The lichen genus Graphis from Vietnam

SANTOSH JOSHI’, UDENI JAYALAL’, SOON-OK OH’,

THI THuy NGUYEN’*, NGUYEN ANH DZUNG? & JAE-SEOUN HurR"*

'Korean Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University, Suncheon-540 950, Korea

Biotechnology Center, Tay Nguyen University, 567 Le Duan, Buon Ma Thuot City, Vietnam

CORRESPONDENCE TO *: jshur1@sunchon.ac.kr

ABSTRACT — ‘The status of Graphis (Ostropales: Graphidaceae) in Vietnam is presented,

based on literature and observation of recently collected specimens. Eleven new records of

the genus are described for the country. All important diagnostic characters of species are

documented and supported by distribution, ecology, and illustrations. A key to the seventeen

Graphis species in Vietnam is also provided.

KEY WoRDs — evergreen forest, National Park, taxonomy, tropical

Introduction

The broad tropical continental biota experienced a long, undisturbed

evolution that resulted into rich composition of old and mature forests (Chazdon

& Whitmore 2002). According to general consensus the tropical old forests

have a vast diversity of corticolous lichenized ascomycetes, particularly those

of Graphidaceae (Aptroot & Sipman 1997; Sipman & Aptroot 2001; Feuerer &

Hawksworth 2007; Archer 2009; Licking et al. 2009, 2011; Rivas Plata et al.

2008, 2010, 2012). Vietnam, being placed in the tropical belt, contains dense

continuous old forests exposed to a high and constant temperature regime

and a prolonged humid climate. The Vietnamese northern and central high

land ecosystems present an array of forest types, from deciduous to mixed

deciduous and evergreen forest cover, mostly restored after the regions were

declared National Parks (Jong et al. 2006). In Vietnam, there has not been

much significant research on Graphidaceae. A more or less exhaustive account

on Vietnam lichen mycota was published by Aptroot & Sparrius (2006) as a

checklist, which accepts ca. 30 species of Graphidaceae (including thelotremoid

taxa) for the country.

70 ... Joshi & al.

Graphis Adans., the largest graphidoid genus, comprises more than 300

species world-wide (Liicking et al. 2009). The genus, which has not thoroughly

studied in Vietnam, is represented by only six species: Graphis caesiella Vain..,

G. dussii Vain., G. leptogramma NyL., G. librata C. Knight, G. proserpens Vain.,

and G. rimulosa (Mont.) Trevis. In order to clarify the Graphis diversity in the

country, a survey was conducted of three National Parks situated in northern

and central highlands (Fic. 14). About 400 specimens were collected from all

three parks, including approximately 50 graphidaceous species representing

Acanthothecis, Diorygma, Fissurina, Graphis, Hemithecium, Platygramme,

Sarcographa, Sarcographina, and Thecaria. Our examination of the Graphis

specimens has revealed eleven species new to Vietnam. Although the recorded

Graphis species in no way encompass the full phytogeographical diversity of

Graphis in Vietnam, they certainly indicate that many more species will be

discovered in the country’s tropical rain forests.

All species reported here share some common characteristics peculiar

to Graphis: lirellate ascomata; carbonized proper exciple; non-amyloid (I-)

hymenium; functionally unitunicate asci with apical wall thickening; simple,

rather lax, apically granulate, + conglutinate, 1-2 um thick paraphyses; hyaline

and amyloid (I+ blue), trans-septate to muriform ascospores with lens-shaped

lumina; and Trentepohlia as photobiont (Archer 2009; Liicking et al. 2009).

Ecologically, Graphis was reported mostly on the trees in secondary old growth

forest and serves as a good indicator of forest health in National Parks in

Vietnam.

The present account briefly describes the 11 Graphis species newly reported

from Vietnam

Materials & methods

Chu Yang Sin, Yok Don, and Tam Dao National Parks of Vietnam were surveyed for

their lichen diversity assessment in April 2012. The collected samples were preserved

in lichen herbarium of Korean Lichen Research Institute, South Korea (KoLRI). The

specimens were segregated up to generic level, and the members of Graphis were

identified morphologically, anatomically and chemically. Morphological and anatomical

characters of thallus and ascomata were observed under SMZ-168 (China) dissecting

and Otympus BX50 (Tokyo, Japan) compound microscopes. The terminology for

lirellae morphology follows Licking et al. (2009). Lugol's solution (I) was used to

check the amyloidity of ascospores. All measurements were taken on thin hand-cut

sections of ascomata mounted in tap water. For color spot reaction tests and thin layer

chromatography (TLC), methodology provided by Orange et al. (2010) was followed.

For TLC, solvent system C (toluene 85%, acetic acid 15%) was used. The key characters

of the species were determined by consulting recent literature on Graphis (Staiger 2002;

Archer 2009; Liicking et al. 2009).

Graphis in Vietnam ... 71

Taxonomy

Graphis caesiocarpa Redinger, Ark. Bot. 27A(3): 23, 1935. PL. 1B

Thallus corticolous, epiperidermal, crustose, continuous, rough, whitish

or creamy grey, 100-150 um thick in cross section; cortex layer indistinct to

absent; algal layer indistinct to 10 um; medulla epi- to endoperidermal, densely

studded with crystals, <140 um; prothallus blackish.

Ascomata lirelliform, immersed; lirellae scattered, 5-10 mm long, black;

labia entire, whitish to creamy pruinose; disc slit-like, concealed (caesiella-

morph); proper exciple completely carbonized, convergent, + round, 50-140

um wide, basally sometimes merged with hypothallus; epihymenium indistinct

to absent; hymenium clear, 100-120 um high; hypothecium hyaline, indistinct

to 20 um high; ascus clavate, 8-spored; ascospores hyaline, fusiform, mostly

transversely 15-20-loculate, 50-70(-80) x 10-11 um.

CHEMISTRY: K+ yellow turning red, PD+ yellow-orange, C-; norstictic acid

detected in TLC.

DISTRIBUTION & ECOLOGY: Neotropics and Eastern Palaeotropics (Lticking

et al. 2009); in Vietnam, it was found growing at 700-800 m with other Graphis

and Diorygma species on tree trunks at medium height.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: VIETNAM. Dak LAK PROVINCE: Yok Don National Park,

12°51'20.0"N 107°45'58.1"E, alt. ca. 760 m, on tree, 22 April 2012, Hur & Oh

VN120214-1 (KoLRI).

REMARKS: Graphis assimilis Nyl. has a similar distribution and also contains

norstictic acid but differs from G. caesiocarpa in short and sparsely branched

lirellae (lineola-morph). The ascospore size of the examined material, which

exceeds the range cited in Liicking et al. (2009), reaches that of G. marginata

Raddi, which has entirely different lirellae morphology (marginata-morph).

Pending additional collections, the material is provisionally placed in

G. caesiocarpa.

Graphis cervinonigra Zahlbr., Feddes Repert. 31: 210, 1933. BELG

Thallus corticolous, epiperidermal, crustose, continuous, + smooth, +

brownish green to grey-green, 100-150 um thick in cross section; cortex layer

15-20 um; algal layer continuous, 20-40 um; medulla mostly endoperidermal,

80-100 um, with inclusions of crystals; prothallus indistinct to blackish.

Ascomata lirelliform, prominent; lirellae aggregate, 5-7 mm long, black,

+ stellately branched (coarctata-morph); labia entire, epruinose; disc slit-like,

concealed; proper exciple completely carbonized, convergent, + round, 65-75

um wide; epihymenium indistinct to absent; hymenium inspersed, 100-120 um

high; hypothecium hyaline, indistinct to 20 um high; ascus clavate, 8-spored;

ascospores hyaline, fusiform, mostly transversely 9-10-loculate, 20-35 x 6-8

um.

72 ... Joshi & al.

CHEMISTRY: K+ yellow turning red, PD+ yellow-orange, C-; norstictic acid

detected in TLC.

DISTRIBUTION & ECOLOGY: Eastern Palaeotropics (Liicking et al. 2009);

in Vietnam, Graphis cervinonigra was reported at 70-1000 m on tree bark in

evergreen forest. The other lichens growing in surrounding environment were

the members of Diorygma, Letrouitia, and Ocellularia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: VIETNAM. VINH PHUC PROVINCE: Tam Dao National Park,

Tay Thien Mt., 21°26'52.2"N 105°38'10.8"E, alt. ca. 936 m, on tree, 26 April 2012, Hur &

Oh VN120372, VN120374 (KoLRI); 21°27'10.8"N 105°38'58.2’E, alt. ca. 77 m, on tree,

25 April 2012, Hur & Oh VN120349 (KoLRI).

REMARKS: The species resembles Graphis centrifuga Rasanen in having branched

lirellae, entire labia, completely carbonized proper exciple, transversely septate

ascospores, norstictic acid in thallus, and a similar geographical distribution.

Graphis centrifuga differs in long, radially branched lirellae and smaller

ascospores. Graphis gonimica Zahlbr. shares similar anatomical and chemical

characters but differs from G. cervinonigra in sparsely to irregularly branched

lirellae (lineola- or deserpens- morph).

Graphis cycasicola A.W. Archer & Elix, Australas. Lichenol. 61: 19, 2007. PL. 1D

Thallus corticolous, epiperidermal, crustose, continuous, smooth, + bulging

(due to bark texture), whitish-grey or green to grey-green, 170-200 um thick in

cross section; cortex layer distinct, 10-15 um; algal layer continuous, 30-50 um;

medulla mostly endoperidermal, studded with crystals; prothallus indistinct to

blackish.

Ascomata lirelliform, emergent; lirellae scattered, simple, straight to

sinus, short to 5 mm long, branched, with thick, complete thalline margin

(subserpentina-morph); labia entire; disc slit-like, concealed; proper exciple

completely carbonized, convergent, <170 um wide; epihymenium <15 um,

greyish, granular; hymenium clear, 120-150 um high; hypothecium hyaline,

indistinct to 20 um high; ascus clavate, 1-spored; ascospores hyaline, ellipsoidal,

muriform, multicelled, 80-110 x 25-40 um.

CHEMISTRY: K+ yellow turning red, PD+ yellow-orange, C-; norstictic acid

detected in TLC.

DISTRIBUTION & ECOLOGY: Eastern Palaeotropics (Licking et al. 2009); in

Vietnam, the species was growing luxuriantly at 700-800 m above chest height

on thick rough tree trunks.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: VIETNAM. Dak LAK PROVINCE: Yok Don National Park,

12°51'20.0"N 107°45'58.1"E, alt. ca. 760 m, on tree, 22 April 2012, Hur & Oh VN120216

(KoLRI).

REMARKS: Both morphologically as well as chemically, G. cycasicola is similar

to G. subserpentina, which is distinguished by a laterally carbonized proper

exciple.

Graphis in Vietnam ... 73

Graphis epiphloea Zahlbr., Feddes Repert. 31: 210, 1933. PL. 1E

Thallus corticolous, epiperidermal, crustose, continuous, smooth, shiny,

green to greyish-green, 100-300 um thick in cross section; cortex layer

20-25 um; algal layer continuous, 30-50 um; medulla mostly endoperidermal;

prothallus indistinct.

Ascomata lirelliform, + immersed; lirellae aggregate, radially branched, <20

mm long, covered by thick complete thalline margin (subserpentina-morph);

labia entire; disc slit-like, concealed; proper exciple apically carbonized,

convergent, <60-70 um wide; epihymenium <15 um, greyish, granular;

hymenium clear, 150-170 um high; hypothecium hyaline, <40 um high;

ascus clavate, 6—8-spored; ascospores hyaline, fusiform, transversely septate,

15-20-loculate, 90-100(-140) x 18-20 um.

CHEMISTRY: K+ yellow, PD+ yellow-orange, C-; stictic acid detected in

PEG?

DISTRIBUTION & ECOLOGY: Eastern Palaeotropics (Licking et al. 2009); in

Vietnam, the species was collected at ca. 1000 m from a tree trunk above chest

level.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: VIETNAM. VINH PHUC PROVINCE: Tam Dao National Park,

21°27'21.7"N 105°39'00.8"E, alt. ca. 1092 m, on tree, 25 April 2012, Hur & Oh VN120319

(KoLRI).

REMARKS: Graphis valparaiensis Adaw. & Makhija also produces entire labia,

apically carbonized proper exciple, clear hymenium, transversely septate large

ascospores, and stictic acid but differs from G. epiphloea in sparsely branched

lirellae with lateral thalline margin (lineola-morph). The examined material

was rather poor, and further collection of the material is needed.

Graphis handelii Zahlbr., Symb. Sinic. 3: 44, 1930. PL. 1F

Thallus corticolous, epiperidermal, crustose, continuous, + smooth, green

to grey-green, 100-150 um thick in cross section; cortex layer 10-15 um; algal

layer continuous, 30-40 um; medulla 80-100 um to mostly endoperidermal,

with inclusions of crystals; prothallus indistinct to blackish.

Ascomata lirelliform, prominent; lirellae aggregate, short to 5 mm long,

black, unbranched; labia entire, epruinose; disc exposed, epruinose (handelii-

morph); proper exciple laterally carbonized, convergent, 50-70 um wide;

epihymenium indistinct to absent; hymenium inspersed, <100 um high;

hypothecium indistinct; ascus clavate, 8-spored; ascospores hyaline, fusiform,

transversely septate, 9-10-loculate, 20-30 x 6-7 um.

CHEMISTRY: K+ yellow turning red, PD+ yellow-orange, C-; norstictic acid

detected in TLC.

DISTRIBUTION & ECOLOGY: Pantropical (Licking et al. 2009); in Vietnam,

the species was collected below 100 m from smooth barked trees, where it was

growing with members of the lecanoroid and lecidioid groups.

7A ... Joshi & al.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: VIETNAM. VINH PHUC PROVINCE: Tam Dao National Park,

Tay Thien Mt., 21°27'53.3"N 105°35'06.6’E, alt. ca. 77 m, on tree, 26 April 2012, Hur &

Oh VN120389, VN120390, VN120392 (KoLRI).

REMARKS: Graphis crebra Vain. and G. aperiens Mill. Arg., which are most

similar to G. handelii, have distinctly white pruinose ascomatal discs (scripta-

morph). Moreover, G. aperiens has a completely carbonized proper exciple.

The examined material could be confused with G. plumierae Vain., which has

pruinose labia with closed ascomatal discs (caesiella-morph) and a different

geographical distribution.

Graphis japonica (Mill. Arg.) A.W. Archer & Liicking, Lichenologist 41: 437, 2009.

PR, 1G

Thallus corticolous, epiperidermal, crustose, continuous, bulging (due to

bark texture), smooth to + verrucose, shiny, grey-green, pale-green or yellowish

green , $170 um thick in cross section; cortex layer 20-30 um; algal layer

continuous, 50-60 um; medulla epi to endoperidermal, <100 um; prothallus

indistinct to blackish.

Ascomata lirelliform, + immersed; lirellae intensely branched, branching

leads the length of lirellae <30 mm, covered by thick complete and bulging

thalline margin (subserpentina-morph); labia entire; disc slit-like, concealed;

proper exciple apically to laterally carbonized, convergent, <20-70 um wide;

epihymenium <10 um, greyish, granular; hymenium clear, 150-170 um high;

hypothecium hyaline, 30-40 um high; ascus clavate, 2-8-spored; ascospores

hyaline, ellipsoidal, muriform, 10-15 x 4-6 loculate, 70-80 x 18-22 um.

CHEMISTRY: K+ yellow, PD+ yellow-orange, C-; stictic acid detected in

‘REG!

DISTRIBUTION & ECOLOGY: Eastern Palaeotropics (Licking et al. 2009); in

Vietnam, the species was collected at 600-800 m, where it was largely spread

over thick tree trunks in an evergreen forest, usually below chest level.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: VIETNAM. Dak LAK PROVINCE: Chu Yang Sin National Park,

12°28'04.4"N 108°20'39.0"E, alt. ca. 622 m, on tree, 20 April 2012, Hur & Oh VN120062

(KoLRI); 12°27'57.0"N 108°20'34.9"E, alt. ca. 780 m, on tree, 21 April 2012, Hur & Oh

VN120139 (KoLRI).

REMARKS: Graphis japonica is a distinct species with pale-green to grey-green

thallus and a very long branched lirellae, which sometimes appear as grooves

on tree bark. The similar G. streblocarpa (Bél.) Nyl. differs in 1-2-spored asci

and a Neotropical distribution (Liicking et al. 2009).

Graphis renschiana (Mill. Arg.) Stizenb., Ber. Thatigk. St. Gallischen Naturwiss.

Ges. 1889-90: 184. 1891. PL, 1H

Thallus corticolous, epiperidermal, crustose, continuous, + smooth, green

to grey-green, <100 um thick in cross section; cortex layer indistinct to 10 um;

Graphis in Vietnam ... 75

algal layer continuous, 20-30 um; medulla 30 um to mostly endoperidermal,

with inclusions of crystals; prothallus indistinct.

Ascomata lirelliform, immersed to erumpent; lirellae radially to irregularly

branched (deserpens-morph), 10-15 mm long, black; labia entire; disc concealed;

proper exciple laterally carbonized, convergent, 40-50 um wide; epihymenium

indistinct to absent; hymenium clear, <100 um high; hypothecium 20-25 um

high; ascus clavate, 2-8-spored; ascospores hyaline, ellipsoidal, muriform, 7-10

x 5-6-loculate, 18-25 x 6-8 um.

CHEMISTRY: K+ yellow turning red, PD+ yellow-orange, C-; norstictic acid

detected in TLC.

DISTRIBUTION & ECOLOGY: Pantropical (Licking et al. 2009); in Vietnam,

the species was collected at 700-800 m, where it was growing luxuriantly with

other graphidoid taxa above chest level.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: VIETNAM. Dak LAK PROVINCE: Chu Yang Sin National Park,

12°27'50.0"N 108°20'34.9"E, alt. ca. 780 m, on tree, 21 April 2012, Hur & Oh 120141

(KoLRI).

REMARKS: The over mature ascomata of G. renschiana are slightly striate as in

G. neoelongata Licking, which also contains norstictic acid but differs in also

producing stictic acid and its occurrence limited (thus far) to the Neotropics

(Licking et al. 2009). The other similar species, G. nadurina Aptroot, differs in

prominent, unbranched, very short lirellae with apically thick, complete thalline

margin (cleistomma-morph). The lirellae of the observed specimen do not fully

agree with the description in G. renschiana and so additional collections are

needed to clarify the identification.

Graphis schroederi Zahlbr., Ann. Mycol. 19: 228, 1921. PL. 11

Thallus corticolous, epiperidermal, crustose, continuous, + smooth, green

to grey-green, 200-250 um thick in cross section; cortex layer distinct, <20 um;

algal layer continuous, 30-50 um; medulla mostly endoperidermal, 140-180

um, with inclusions of crystals; prothallus indistinct to blackish.

Ascomata lirelliform, prominent; lirellae aggregate, radially branched,

apically covered by thick thalline margin (subserpentina-morph), 5-10 mm

long, black; labia entire; disc concealed; proper exciple completely carbonized,

convergent, 30-60 um wide, basally merged with hypothallus; epihymenium

indistinct to absent; hymenium clear, <200 um high; hypothecium indistinct;

ascus clavate, 8-spored; ascospores hyaline, fusiform, transversely septate,

14-23-loculate, 70-90(-130) x 14-17 um.

CHEMISTRY: K+ yellow, PD+ yellow-orange, C-; stictic acid detected in

‘TLE.

DISTRIBUTION & ECOLOGY: Palaeotropics (Liicking et al. 2009); in Vietnam,

the species was collected at 900-1000 m from smooth barked trees.

76 ... Joshi & al.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: VIETNAM. VINH PHUC PROVINCE: Tam Dao National Park,

21°27'13.1"N 105°38'51.2"E, alt. ca. 990 m, on tree, 25 April 2012, Hur & Oh VN120310

(KoLRI).

REMARKS: The sympatric G. subassimilis Mill. Arg. also has entire labia,

completely carbonized proper exciple, clear hymenium, transversely septate

ascospores, and stictic acid but differs from G. schroederi in comparatively

smaller ascospores, lateral thalline margin, and pruinose labia (caesiella-

morph). The other similar species, G. rustica Kremp., differs from G. schroederi

in elongate and irregularly branched lirellae with thick lateral thalline margins

(marginata-morph).

Graphis subserpentina Nyl., Acta Soc. Sci. Fenn. 7: 465, 1863. Pisa

Thallus corticolous, epiperidermal, crustose, continuous, smooth, crystalline,

whitish-green to creamy green or off-white, <150 um thick in cross section;

cortex layer indistinct; algal layer continuous, 100-130 um; medulla mostly

endoperidermal, studded with crystals; prothallus blackish.

Ascomata lirelliform, + erumpent; lirellae aggregate, irregularly branched,

5 to 7 mm, covered by lateral thalline margin (subserpentina-morph); labia

entire; disc slit-like, concealed; proper exciple laterally carbonized, convergent,

<230 um wide in mature ascomata; epihymenium indistinct; hymenium clear,

125-150 um high; hypothecium hyaline, <40 um high; ascus clavate, 1-spored;

ascospores hyaline, ellipsoidal, muriform, multicelled, 80-100 x 20-25 um.

CHEMISTRY: K+ yellow turning red, PD+ yellow-orange, C-; trace of

norstictic acid detected in TLC.

DISTRIBUTION & ECOLOGY: Palaeotropics (Liicking et al. 2009); in Vietnam,

the species was recorded from tree bark at 300-400 m.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: VIETNAM. Dak LAK PROVINCE: Yok Don National Park,

12°51'20.0"N 107°45'58.1"E, alt. ca. 760 m, on tree, 22 April 2012, Hur & Oh VN120215

(KoLRI).

REMARKS: Graphis subserpentina morphologically resembles G. streblocarpa,

which differs in containing stictic acid. The chemically similar G. insulana

(Mill. Arg.) Licking & Sipman has an inspersed hymenium.

Graphis subvittata Adaw. & Makhija, Mycotaxon 99: 322, 2007. PL. 1K

Thallus corticolous, epiperidermal, crustose, continuous, + smooth (appears

uneven due to bark texture), grey-green to greyish, 140-200 um thick in cross

section; cortex <20 um; algal layer continuous, 20-30 um; medulla 100-150

um, with inclusions of crystals; prothallus blackish.

Ascomata lirelliform, erumpent to prominent; lirellae mostly scattered to

aggregate, irregularly branched, with basal to lacking thalline margin (striatula-

morph), <10 mm long, black; labia striate; disc concealed; proper exciple

peripherally carbonized, convergent, 40-80 um wide; epihymenium indistinct

Graphis in Vietnam ... 77

to absent; hymenium clear, <100 um high; hypothecium distinct, 20-25 um

high; ascus clavate, 8-spored; ascospores hyaline, fusiform, transversely septate,

9-10-loculate, 20-30 x 6-7 um.

CHEMISTRY: K+ yellow turning red, PD+ yellow-orange, C-; norstictic acid

and traces of stictic acid detected in TLC.

DISTRIBUTION & ECOLOGY: Eastern Palaeotropics (Lticking et al. 2009); in Vietnam,

the species was collected from rough bark of trees, where it was spreading luxuriantly at

an altitude between 700-800 m.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: VIETNAM. Dak LAK PROVINCE: Chu Yang Sin National Park,

12°27'50.0"N 108°20'34.9"E, alt. ca. 780 m, on tree, 21 April 2012, Hur & Oh VN120184

(KoLRI).

REMARKS: Graphis subvittata is most similar in thallus compound and lirellae

morphology to G. nigroglauca Leight., which differs in larger ascospores and

lacking a thalline margin. The examined specimen is comparable to G. schiffneri

Zahlbr. in striated labia and the presence of norstictic acid, but G. schiffneri

has a completely carbonized exciple and tenella-morph lirellae and lacks stictic

acid.

Graphis supracola A.W. Archer, Austral. Syst. Bot. 14: 267, 2001. PL. 11

Thallus corticolous, epiperidermal, crustose, continuous, smooth, greyish-

green, thin, 70-100 um thick in cross section; cortex layer indistinct to absent;

algal layer continuous, 40-60 um; medulla mostly endoperidermal, indistinct,

studded with crystals; prothallus indistinct to blackish.

Ascomata lirelliform, immersed; lirellae scattered, radially branched, 5

to 10 mm long, with thin lateral thalline margin; labia entire, thinly white

pruinose (caesiella-morph)); disc slit-like, concealed; proper exciple completely

carbonized, convergent, <30-80 um wide; epihymenium <15 um, brownish,

granular; hymenium clear, <100 um high; hypothecium hyaline, <20 um high;

ascus clavate, 8-spored; ascospores hyaline, ellipsoidal, transversely septate,

20-30 x 7-8 um.

CHEMISTRY: K-, PD+ yellow-orange, C-; protocetraric acid detected in

LEG:

DISTRIBUTION & ECOLOGY: Pantropical (Licking et al. 2009); in Vietnam,

the species was recorded near a waterfall, where it was growing in small patches

with Letrouitia leprolytoides S.Y. Kondr. & Elix and other crustose species on

thick rough tree bark at 300-400 m.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: VIETNAM. Dak NONG PROVINCE: Dray Nur Waterfall,

12°33'06.3"N 107°73'19.6"E, alt. ca. 371 m, on tree, 19 April 2012, Hur & Oh VN120008

(KoLRI).

REMARKS: The examined material of G. supracola was rather small, but

identifiable. It agrees well with all diagnostic characters except thallus color,

78 ... Joshi & al.

which Archer (2009) described as pale-fawn. The similar G. distincta Makhija

& Adaw. differs in exposed pruinose ascomatal discs and containing stictic and

constictic acids as an additional compounds.

Key to Graphis species recorded from Vietnam

The six previous records and eleven new records from Vietnam are summarized in this

key. Diagnostic characters of the earlier recorded species are from Liicking et al. (2009).

Hee labia siiiaten RARE At ke Ne Ce, See See AN insole 2

ea “AA ase res t.ho eS ren eS Ro See Se ee a ee Mee ee Mu erttse Merl ge Peril gebt sg -

2. Proper exciple completely carbonized; ascospores 30-80 um long... G. rimulosa

2. Proper exciple apically to peripherally carbonized ......................0000. 3

3. Norstictic and stictic acids present; ascospores 20-30 um long..... G. subvittata

3. | Nochemical substances; ascospores 20-50 um long.............. G. proserpens

A. = Ptoper exciple.conrpletelsncarboni zed «an fy oncy!t x oneculd x oneal t x ouecy! Spee agence: 4 5

4.. Proper exciple apically to laterally carbonized... Aon. eA ee Peg ee tae see nw oe 8

5. | Hymenium inspersed; lirellae long and radially branched; ascospores

ZO- S56 St ce os Sak lax Jadee Ja kge tae Oe ak eae olhtek G. cervinonigra

at bra 00h cs 20LUET G10 Cor | es Rates aR DAR Ra PENS re as SN ER eR RE NAA in HA Reon 6

6. | Ascospores muriform, 80-110 x 25-40 um; norstictic acid present. G. cycasicola

6. Ascospores transversely septate; chemistry variable .....................000. 7

7. Norstictic acid present; ascospores 50-70 x 10-11 um........... G. caesiocarpa

7. Stictic acid present; ascospores 70-90 x 14-17 um............... G. schroederi

8. Proper exciple apically to laterally carbonized; stictic acid present............. 9

8. Proper exciple laterally carbonized, chemistry variable ..................... 10

9. Proper exciple apically or laterally carbonized; ascospores muriform,

TADS OAS NS ONIN, ca thee eto liao chena ae ceed Lo che G. japonica

9. Proper exciple apically carbonized; ascospores transversely septate,

GVO ee LS Oana, peach Sash gtaie ya ig sh eka ens le oP ei eo a G. epiphloea

10. Hymenium inspersed; norstictic acid present; ascospores 20-30 x

(SPE (E Ge OS AAAS Anam ter tS ert CORRE tar tri WR in eR a at art Ren G. handelii

102. AHyimenium Cleat sc: 5.Ac5 bs sooo nah debe Ategh dee ge Mey aun yymeady woees 11

ly. “Ascospores:muriform; norstictic‘acid: present) ..0:h..0 eaeue tha su toes heed 12

LIT, ASCOSPOLES LLAHSVEFSELY SED tALe ss eats etre nwtege.e maine aes? mpihage apiece apinn © ag 13

12. Asci 1-spored; ascospores 80-100 x 20-25 um ............... G. subserpentina

12. Asci 2-8-spored; ascospores 18-25 x 6-8 UM .......... 2202 eee G. renschiana

13. Protocetraric acid; ascospores 20-30 x 7-8 UM........... 2 ee eee G. supracola

13° --stictic- and: hypostictic,-ormorsticticacids present. |. ssivad.nvu dds eisdcp eg ee eee 14

14. Stictic and hypostictic acids present; lirellae narrow, with gently sloping

lateral thalline margin; ascospores 44-65 um long ............ G. leptogramma

14s INGE SCLC ACICAPTESeTIE pie bak es As eS eshai ce a Meal a rie ay bose Pata ered 15

Graphis in Vietnam ... 79

Gulf of Tonkin

THAILAND

CAMBODIA

PLaTE 1. A. Map of Vietnam showing collection sites in northern and central highlands (x = Chu

Yang Sin NP; y = Yok Don NP; z = Tam Dao NP); B. Graphis caesiocarpa; C. G. cervinonigra;

D. G. cycasicola; E. G. epiphloea; E. G. handelii; G. G. japonica; H. G. renschiana; I. G. schroederi;

J. G. subserpentina; K. G. subvittata; L. G. supracola. Scale bars: B-D, F-L = 5 mm; E, G= 10 mm.

15. Lirellae prominent to sessile, with thick lateral thalline margin, very short

ANG DLatiched #COtiCOlOUSM ea mea eee Lake neon tations beat teers G. dussii

15. Lirellae immersed to erumpent; corticolous and saxicolous ................. 16

16. Lirellae elongate and irregularly branched; labia distinctly white

PRUITIOS Gr, oie tata Weare, ri, A eed Perce sal Aca 7a, erg er gal nar G. caesiella

16. Lirellae short and sparsely branched; labia epruinose................ G. librata

80 ... Joshi & al.

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by a grant from the National Research Foundation of

Korea (#2011-0031494) and the Korea National Research Resource Center Program

(NRE, 2012M3A9B8021726). Authors are grateful to Prof. Klaus Kalb and Dr. Ze-

Feng Jia for their valuable comments on the manuscript. Santosh Joshi also thanks Dr

André Aptroot for providing literature on Vietnamese lichens, and Jung Shin Park for

considerable help.

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MY COTAXON

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/125.81

Volume 125, pp. 81-85 July-September 2013

Setosynnema yunnanense sp. nov.

from submerged decaying leaves

YA-Li BAr"*, JIAN- YING LI**, MIN QIAO’, WEN- YUN QIAN’,

GUANG-ZHU YANG? & ZE-FEN Yu!*

‘Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources,

Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education,

Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, P. R. China

?Horticultural Research institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Science

*CORRESPONDENCE TO: zefenyu@eyou.com

ABSTRACT — Setosynnema yunnanense, a new species isolated from decaying leaves collected

in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China, is described. It is placed in Setosynnema based

on its chain-like conidia constricted at some septa (resulting in adjacent cells being connected

by a narrow isthmus). It differs from the type species, S. isthmosporum, by its deeper and

more frequent constrictions and its shorter conidia.

Key Worps — tuberculariaceous fungus, systematic, aquatic fungi

Introduction

Setosynnema D.E. Shaw & B. Sutton was erected to accommodate a single

anamorphic fungal species, S. isthmosporum D.E. Shaw & B. Sutton from Papua

New Guinea and Australia, characterized by scattered brown synnematous

conidiomata with whorls of setae near the apex (Shaw & Sutton 1985). The

conidia are holoblastic, filiform, widest at the centre, and with an isthmus at

the central septum tapered towards each end. No additional species have been

described. Subsequently, Nawawi (1985) isolated this species from Malaysia,

Matsushima (1996) from Japan, and Marvanova & Hywel-Jones (2000) from

Thailand. According to K. Seifert (pers. comm.), Synnematophora K.R. Sridhar

& Kaver. (represented by a single species, S. constricta K.R. Sridhar & Kaver.

from India; Sridhar & Kaveriappa 2002) is a synonym of Setosynnema.

China has an enormous diversity of mycota occurring on dead branches

and rotten submerged wood and leaves, and many anamorphic fungi collected

* Ya-Li Bai & Jian-Ying Li contributed equally to this work

82 ... Bai, Li, & al.

in southern China have recently been published (Ma et al. 2010, 2011a,b,

2012a,b; Ren et al. 2011, 2012; Zhang et al. 2009a,b, 2011, 2012). During our

survey of fungi growing on rotten submerged leaves, we isolated an unknown

Setosynnema species, which we describe and illustrate here as a new species. We

also isolated S. isthmosporum from Yunnan Province, a new record for China.

Materials & methods

The culture was isolated from dicotyledonous leaves submerged in a river in Yunnan.

A 2-4 x 4-5 cm rotten leaf was spread on the surface of CMA (20 g cornmeal, 18 g

agar, 40 mg streptomycin, 30 mg ampicillin, 1000 ml distilled water) for ten days; single

conidia were isolated using a sterilized toothpick while viewing with a CX31 microscope

and cultivated on CMA in Petri plates. Morphological observations were made from

CMA after incubation at 28°C for one week; pure cultures and a permanent slide were

deposited in the Herbarium of the Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of

Bio-resources, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China (YMEF, formerly Key

Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology and Fermentation Technology of Yunnan).

Taxonomy

Setosynnema yunnanense Y.L. Bai & Z.E. Yu, sp. nov. PLATE 1

MycoBank MB 804094

Differs from Setosynnema isthmosporum by its shorter conidia that have fewer septa and

more than one septum constricted to form an intercellular isthmus.

Type: PR China, Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna city, Tropical Botanical Garden,

Chinese Academy of Science, 21°55'N 101°16’E, elev. 567 m, in a river on submerged

leaves of an unidentified dicotyledonous plant, July 2012, Y.L. Bai (Holotype YMF1.03964

[dried agar culture]; permanent slide, YMF1.039641; ex-type cultures, YMF1.039642).

ETYMOLOGY: yunnanense refers to the province in which the species was found.

Colonies effuse, brown to dark brown, attaining 35 mm diam. after 7 days on

CMA at 28°C. Mycelium partly superficial, partly immersed in substratum,

composed of branched, septate, tuberculate hyphae. Vegetative hyphae

2.5-3.5 um wide, pale brown to brown. Conidiomata are usually massive, stout,

synnematous, solitary or in aggregates of 1-3, brown, made up of parallel closely

packed brown hyphae, with an expanded spore producing head. Setae absent

in pure culture but present on natural substrate. Conidiophores arising close

to one another, and flock together closely, septate, smooth, subhyaline to pale

brown towards base, hyaline towards apex, sometimes 1-3 irregularly branched,

with primary, secondary and tertiary branches, 77-160 um tall, 3.0-5.0 um

wide, apex somewhat truncate to rounded, invariably with two scars marking

position of branches or conidiogenous cells attachment. Conidiogenous cells

terminal, apices somewhat rounded or truncate, with two slightly protuberant

scars, clavate to cylindrical, hyaline, integrated. Conidia produced in a whitish

mass emerging from apex of synnemata, hyaline, sometimes becoming pale

Setosynnema yunnanense sp. nov. (China) ... 83

Kes

J y

PLATE 1. Setosynnema yunnanense (holotype YMF1.03964, from pure culture). A. Conidiomata.

B. Branched conidiophores bearing conidia in clusters. C. Conidiogenous cells. D. Deciduous

conidia and conidiogenous cells. E-I. Conidia. Scale bars: A = 50 um; B = 20 um; C-I = 10 um.

whitish brown, acrogenous, filiform, curved, 94-154 um long, 2.0-3.0 um

wide at the widest part near the centre, tapering to 1.0-1.5 tm at each end, but

distal end often narrower. Uniseriate chains of 6-8 cells, with 2-4 (mainly 3) of

the septa between the middle cells constricted to form a narrow isthmus. The

number and position of the constricted septa within the conidium is variable;

there are 3(-4) constricted septa near the middle of each conidium, with 0-2

unconstricted septa at the distal end and 2 unconstricted septa at the proximal

end.

84 ... Bai, Li, & al.

Discussion

Setosynnema yunnanense fits well within Setosynnema based on its

synnematous conidiomata and filiform septate conidia with strong constrictions

at some septa that result in the central cells being connected by narrow isthmi.

However, the conidia of S. yunnanense differ from those of S. isthmosporum,

which has longer conidia ((189-—)200.5-260(-290) um) that are 7-8-septate with

only one septum constricted to an isthmus and with similarly wide proximal

and distal portions.

We did not see any setae in the pure culture of S. yunnanense as noted for

S. isthmosporum, although we did observe setae on the decaying leaves

from which the type species was isolated. In S. isthmosporum, setae were

rarely produced in pure culture (Shaw & Sutton 1985: 30). This variability

in setal production supports the proposed synonymy of Setosynnema and

Synnematophora, for which the presence/absence of setae was proposed as a

major differentiating character (Marvanova 2011:876).

The conidiogenous cell apices vary in different strains of the type species. The

type strain produces 1-3 applanate, denticulate, unthickened condiogenous loci

(Shaw & Sutton 1985). In the Japanese strain, the denticles are not as obvious

and are only slightly visible even under the SEM (Matsushima 1996), while two

conidiogenous loci are easily observed in the strain from Malaysia (Nawawi

1985). The conidiogenous cell apices of S. yunnanense are similar in shape to

those of the type strain of S. isthmosporum.

Acknowledgements

This work was jointly financed by National Basic Research Program of China

(973’Program: 2013CB127506) and National Natural Science Foundation Program

of PR China (31060008, 31160008, 31260007, 31360130), Grants from the Young

Academic and Technical Leader Raising Foundation of Yunnan Province (2010CI020).

China National Tobacco Corporation (grant no. 110201002023) and Yunnan Branch of

China Tobacco Industrial Corporation (grant no. 2010YN17). We are very grateful to

Profs. H.-O. Baral and X.G. Zhang for critically reviewing the manuscript and providing

helpful suggestions to improve this paper, and to Prof. Keith Seifert for providing

valuable literature.

Literature cited

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description of a new species. Mycologia 103(2): 407-410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3852/10-176

Ma J, Zhang YD, Ma LG, Ren SC, Castafieda-Ruiz RF, Zhang XG. 2012a. Three new species of

Solicorynespora from Hainan, China. Mycol. Progress 11: 639-645.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11557-011-0775-9

Ma LG, Ma J, Zhang YD, Zhang XG. 2010. A new species of Spadicoides from Yunnan, China.

Mycotaxon 113: 255-258. http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/113.255

Ma LG, Ma J, Zhang YD, Zhang XG. 2011b. Taxonomic studies of Endophragmiella from southern

China. Mycotaxon 117: 279-285. http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/117.279

Setosynnema yunnanense sp. nov. (China) ... 85

Ma LG, Ma J, Zhang YD, Zhang XG. 2012b. A new species of Corynesporella and two first records

from China. Mycotaxon 119: 83-88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/119.83

Matsushima T. 1996. Matsushima Mycological Memoirs. No. 9. Kobe, Japan.

Marvanova L. 2011. Aquatic hyphomycete genera. 874-884, in: K Seifert et al. The genera of

hyphomycetes. CBS Biodiversity Series 9.

Marvanova L, Hywel-Jones NL. 2000. Sigmoidea contorta sp. nov. and two rare hyphomycete

species from streams in Thailand. Cryptogamie Mycologie, 21: 13-26.

Nawawi A. 1985. Some interesting hyphomycetes from water. Mycotaxon 24:217-227.

Ren SC, Ma J, Zhang XG. 2011. A new species and new records of Endophragmiella from China.

Mycotaxon 117: 123-130. http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/117.123

Ren SC, Ma J, Ma LG, Zhang YD, Zhang XG. 2012. Sativumoides and Cladosporiopsis, two new

genera of hyphomycetes from China. Mycol. Progress 11: 443-448.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11557-011-0759-9

Shaw DE, Sutton BC. 1985. A new aero-aquatic hyphomycete from Papua New Guinea and

Australia. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 91(1-2): 25-36.

Sridhar KR, Kaveriappa KM. 2002. Synnematophora, a new aquatic hyphomycete from the Western

Ghat forests, India. Indian Journal of Forestry 25: 89-93.

Zhang K, Ma J, Wang Y, Zhang XG. 2009a. Three new species of Piricaudiopsis from southern

China. Mycologia 101(3): 417-422. http://dx.doi.org/10.3852/08-147

Zhang K, Ma LG, Zhang XG. 2009b. New species and records of Shrungabeeja from southern

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Zhang YD, Ma J, Wang Y, Ma LG, Castafieda-Ruiz RE, Zhang XG. 2011. New species and record of

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MY COTAXON

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/125.87

Volume 125, pp. 87-90 July-September 2013

Two earth-tongue genera new for Turkey

ILGAZ AKATA' & ABDULLAH KAYA”

‘Ankara University, Science Faculty, Department of Biology, TR 06100, Ankara, Turkey

*Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Science Faculty, Department of Biology,

TR 70100 Karaman, Turkey

“CORRESPONDENCE TO: kayaabd@hotmail.com

ABSTRACT — The genera Spathulariopsis (Cudoniaceae) and Trichoglossum (Geoglossaceae)

are recorded from Turkey for the first time, based on the collections of Spathulariopsis

velutipes and Trichoglossum hirsutum. Short descriptions and photographs of the taxa are

provided.

KEY worps — Ascomycota, biodiversity, macrofungi

Introduction

Earth-tongues, including the genera Geoglossum Pers., Leotia Pers.,

Microglossum Gillet, Spathularia Pers., Spathulariopsis Maas Geest., and

Trichoglossum Boud., are among the most widely distributed groups of fungi

in the division Ascomycota. They produce large pileate tongue-shaped fruiting

bodies on various substrates and are common in temperate regions. Despite

their wide distribution, most have been described from North America and

Southwest China (Zhuang 1998, Hustad et al. 2011, Wang et al. 2011).

Spathulariopsis (Cudoniaceae) is a monotypic genus. Also known as velvet-

foot fairy fan, S. velutipes forms a yellowish to brownish yellow laterally

compressed fan- or spatula-like head on a narrow brownish stem, needle-

shaped hyaline occasional septate ascospores, and 8-spored asci.

Trichoglossum (Geoglossaceae) contains 19 species (Kirk et al. 2008),

commonly known as black earth-tongues. Trichoglossum taxa are usually

characterized by club-shaped brownish black fruiting bodies, smooth or

velvety stipes, 7-15-septate smooth dark ascospores, large 4-8-spored asci, and

a positive reaction of the apical ascus pore in Meltzer’s reagent (Arora 1986,

Hansen & Knudsen 2000).

According to the literature on Turkish macrofungi (Solak et al. 2007; Sesli &

Denchev 2008; Akata et al. 2011, 2012; All et al. 2011), only two earth-tongues,

88 ... Akata & Kaya

Leotia lubrica (Scop.) Pers. and Spathularia flavida Pers., have thus far been

registered from Turkey.

Here we report the first Turkish collections of two additional earth-tongue

genera, Spathulariopsis and Trichoglossum.

Materials & methods

Specimens were collected from Uzungél Nature Park in 2011. The samples were

photographed in the field and relevant morphological and ecological characteristics

of the samples were recorded. Macroscopic and microscopic data were obtained using

standard mycological techniques, and the specimens were identified by consulting

Arora (1986), Hansen & Knudsen (2000), Breitenbach & Kranzlin (1984), and Jordan

(2004). The specimens are kept in the herbarium of Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey

(ANK).

Taxonomy

Figure 1. Spathulariopsis velutipes (Akata 4189): a. ascocarps; b. asci; c. ascospores.

Spathulariopsis velutipes (Cooke & Farl. ex Cooke) Maas Geest., Proc. K. Ned.

Akad. Wet., Ser. C, 75: 254. 1972 Fie. 1

Ascocarp 20-60 mm tall, spathulate, with a distinct head and stipe; HEAD

flattened or laterally compressed, pale yellow to brownish yellow or cream

colored and usually wrinkled or fairly smooth; FLESH whitish and insubstantial;

STIPE 10-30 x 5-8 mm, compressed and flattened at apex, cylindrical below,

ochre to reddish-brown and minutely velvety, with a typical orangish basal

mycelium.

Ascr 70-90 x 8-12 um, clavate, multiseriate eight spored, inamyloid;

PARAPHYSES up to 2 um broad, slender, tips spirally curved; AscosporREs 35-40

x 2-2.5 um, needle-shaped, hyaline, smooth, sometimes septate, usually with

several droplets.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED — TURKEY. TRABZON, Caykara, Uzung6l Nature Park, in spruce

(Picea orientalis (L.) Pererm.) forest, 40°37'N 40°18’E, 1420 m, 23.10.2011, Akata 4189

(ANK).

Spathulariopsis and Trichoglossum new for for Turkey ... 89

ComMENTs — Spathulariopsis velutipes could be confused with Spathularia

flavida due to its similar morphology. Spathularia flavida has a paler (whitish)

smooth stipe, while S. velutipes has a minutely fuzzy, brownish stipe, orange

basal mycelium, and shorter spores (Phillips 2005; Kuo 2005).

Trichoglossum hirsutum (Pers.) Boud., Hist. Classific. Discomyc. Europe: 86. 1907,

var. hirsutum Fic. 2

AscocarpP 40-70 mm tall, clavate, fertile head 10-15 x 5-8 mm, spathulate

to clavate, tapering into the slender compressed and grooved stipe; sTIPE 2-3

mm thick, cylindrical. Surface dry, black to brownish black with velvety hairs;

FLESH black and brittle.

Ascrt 170-210 x 20-25 um, cylindrical to clavate, eight spored, spores

parallel in ascus, amyloid; pAaRAPHysES filiform, curved, slightly swollen at

the tips. AscosPoREs 120-140 x 6-7 um, bacilliform, smooth, brown, with 15

septa. SETAE up to 170 um, thick walled, dark brown to black.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED — TURKEY. TRABZON, Caykara, Uzung6l Nature Park, on soil,

near mixed spruce (Picea orientalis) and beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) forest, 40°36'N

40°16'E, 1470 m, 27.08.2011, Akata 4077 (ANK).

a. ascocarps; b. asci; c. ascospores; d. paraphyses; e. seta.

90 ... Akata & Kaya

ComMENTs —Trichoglossum representatives differ from other black earth-

tongues primarily by the velvety hair covering their ascocarps. Morphologically

it is difficult to distinguish Trichoglossum taxa from each other. Trichoglossum

hirsutum and T. tetrasporum Sinden & Fitzp. can be distinguished from other

Trichoglossum species only at maturity by their 15-septate bacilliform spores.

Asci of T: hirsutum contain eight spores while those of T! tetrasporum contain

four (Hansen & Knudsen 2000, Breitenbach & Kranzlin 1984).

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Prof. Dr. M. Halil Solak, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Aziz

Turkoglu, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Dursun Yagiz, and Dr. Shaun Pennycook for their helpful

comments and careful review of this article.

Literature cited

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mycobiota of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Botany 35: 309-314.

Akata I, Kaya A, Uzun Y. 2012. New ascomycete records for Turkish macromycota. Turkish Journal

of Botany 36: 420-424.

Alli H, Isiloglu M, Solak MH. 2011. New ascomycete records for the macrofungi of Turkey. Turkish

Journal of Botany 35: 315-318.

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Breitenbach J, Kranzlin F. 1984. Fungi of Switzerland, vol. 1. Lucerne, Verlag Mykologia.

Hansen L, Knudsen H. 2000. Nordic macromycetes (ascomycetes), vol. 1. Copenhagen,

Nordsvamp.

Hustad VP, Miller AN, Moingeon JM, Priou JP. 2011. Inclusion of Nothomitra in Geoglossomycetes.

Mycosphere 2: 646-654. http://dx.doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/2/6/5

Jordan M. 2004. The encyclopedia of fungi of Britain and Europe. Edinburgh, David & Charles

Book Co.

Kirk PF, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA. 2008. Dictionary of the fungi, 10th Ed. Wallingford,

CAB International.

Kuo M. 2005. Spathulariopsis velutipes. MushroomExpert.Com

[http://www.mushroomexpert.com/spathulariopsis_velutipes.html].

Phillips R. 2005. Mushrooms and other fungi of North America. Canada, Firefly Books Ltd.

Sesli E, Denchev CM. 2008. Checklists of the myxomycetes, larger ascomycetes, and larger

basidiomycetes in Turkey. Mycotaxon 106: 65-67; up-dated online version (January 2013):

1-145. http://www.mycotaxon.com/resources/checklists/sesli-v106-checklist.pdf

Solak MH, Isiloglu M, Kalmis E, Alli H. 2007. Macrofungi of Turkey. Checklist. izmir, Universiteliler

Ofset.

Wang Z, Nilsson RH, Lopez-Giraldez F, Zhuang WY, Dai YC, Johnston PR, Townsend JP. 2011.

Tasting soil fungal diversity with earth tongues: phylogenetic test of SATE alignments for

environmental ITS data. PLoS ONE 6(4): e€19039.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0019039

Zhuang WY. 1998. Flora Fungorum Sinicorum, vol. 8, Sclerotiniaceae et Geoglossaceae. Beijing,

Science Press.

MY COTAXON

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/125.91

Volume 125, pp. 91-96 July-September 2013

Two new species of Septobasidium (Septobasidiaceae) from

Yunnan Province in China

WEI Li’? & LIN Guo’*

'State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology,

Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China

*Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: guol@im.ac.cn

ABSTRACT —Two new species, Septobasidium fissuratum on Castanea sp. associated

with Pseudaulacaspis sp. and Septobasidium heliciae on Helicia nilagirica associated with

Lepidosaphes sp., are described.

Key worps —Pucciniomycetes, Septobasidiales, taxonomy

Two new species of Septobasidium were recently discovered from Yunnan

Province. These specimens, collected by Dr. Shuanghui He, are described

below.

Septobasidium fissuratum Wei Li bis & L. Guo, sp. nov. Figs 1-7

FUNGAL NAME EN 570061

Differs from Septobasidium meridionale by its larger basidia.

Type: China, Yunnan Province, Longchuan, Longba, alt. 1000 m, on Castanea sp.

(Fagaceae), associated with Pseudaulacaspis sp. (Diaspididae), 31.X.2012, S.H. He YN08

(HMAS 244419, holotype).

Erymo.oey: The epithet refers to the fissures of basidiomata.

Basidiomata on branches, 10-14 cm long, 2.5-6 cm wide, pale cinnamon-brown

or cinnamon-brown; margin determinate, surface smooth, with many fissures

at maturity. In section 600-1100 um thick, composed of 3-4 layers. Subiculum

brown, 30-50 um thick. Pillars brown, 100-180 um high, 30-100 um wide,

branched outwards to form a hyphal layer 350-700 um high, then forming

20-40 um thick horizontal layer, from which the fungal hyphae successively

producing hyphal layers at maturity. Hymenium hyaline or brownish, 60-100

92 ... Li& Guo

10 pm

Fic. 1. Septobasidium fissuratum (HMAS 244419, holotype). Basidia.

um thick. Basidia arising directly from the hyphae without a probasidial cell,

cylindrical, straight or slightly curved, 4-celled, 32-45 x 6-9 um, hyaline or

brownish. Basidiospores not seen. Haustoria consisting of irregularly coiled

hyphae.

ComMENTs: Septobasidium fissuratum is similar to S. meridionale C.X. Lu &

L. Guo, but the latter has fewer fissures on the basidiome surface, an

inconspicuous horizontal layer in the section, and smaller basidia, 27-36 x

7-9.5 um (Lu & Guo 2010b).

Septobasidium heliciae Wei Li bis & L. Guo, sp. nov. Figs 8-14

FUNGAL NAME EN 570062

Differs from Septobasidium septobasidioides by its wider pillars and smaller basidia.

Type: China, Yunnan Province, Yingjiang, Tongbiguan Nat. Res., alt. 1250 m, on Helicia

nilagirica (Proteaceae), associated with Lepidosaphes sp. (Diaspididae), 29.X.2012, S.H.

He YNO7 (HMAS 244418, holotype).

ETYMOLOGY: The epithet refers to the substrate plant genus.

Basidiomata on branches, 4-13 cm long, 4-5 cm wide, white or pale cinnamon-

brown; margin determinate, surface smooth. In section 750-1100 um thick.

Fics. 2-7 Septobasidium fissuratum (HMAS 244419, holotype). 2. Basidiomata on branch.

3-4. Sections of basidiomata (arrow shows horizontal layer). 5-6. Basidia (arrows). 7. Haustoria.

Septobasidium spp. nov. (China) ... 93

——

10 um

94 ... Li& Guo

Fic. 8. Septobasidium heliciae (HMAS 244418, holotype). Basidia.

Subiculum brown, 10-20 um thick. Pillars brown, 120-600 um high, 30-120

um wide, branched outwards to form a hymenial layer. From the old hymenium

successively forming new hyphal layer or pillars and hymenium. Hymenium

hyaline or brownish, 80-110 um thick, with irregularly arranged hyphae.

Basidia arising directly from the hyphae without a probasidial cell, cylindrical,

straight or curved, 4-celled, 30-45 x 5-6.5 um, hyaline or brown. Basidiospores

not seen. Haustoria consisting of coiled hyphae.

ComMENTs: Septobasidium heliciae is similar to S. septobasidioides (Henn.)

Hohn. & Litsch., but the latter has basidiomata with lobed wings, slender pillars

(10-25 um wide), and larger basidia (40-55 x 8.4-10 um; Couch 1938).

Including the two new species reported in this paper, 51 Septobasidium species

have now been reported in China (Sawada 1933, Couch 1938, Teng 1963, Tai

1979, Kirschner & Chen 2007, Lu & Guo 2009a,b,c, 2010a,b,c, 2011, Lu et al.

2010, Chen & Guo 201 1a,b,c,d, 2012a,b,c).

Fics. 9-14. Septobasidium heliciae (HMAS 244418, holotype). 9. Basidiomata on branches.

10-11. Sections of basidiomata. 12-13. Basidia. 14. Haustoria.

Septobasidium spp. nov. (China) ... 95

96 ... Li & Guo

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to express their deep thanks to Dr. Eric H.C. McKenzie

(Auckland, New Zealand) for serving as pre-submission reviewer, to Dr. Shuanghui

He (Beijing Forestry University) for serving as pre-submission reviewer and collecting

specimens, to Dr. Shaun Pennycook (Auckland, New Zealand) for nomenclatural review,

to Prof. Zhenyu Li (Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences) for identifying

the host plants, to Prof. Sanan Wu (Beijing Forestry University) for identifying the scale

insects, and to Mrs. Xiangfei Zhu for inking in line drawings. This study was supported

by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30670005).

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Province in China. Mycotaxon 120: 269-276. http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/120.269

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MY COTAXON

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/125.97

Volume 125, pp. 97-101 July-September 2013

Septobasidium hoveniae sp. nov. and S. rhabarbarinum

new to China

WEI Li’? , SUZHEN CHEN’ , LIN GuO** & YAOQING YE?

'State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology,

Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China

"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

*Huangshan Scenic Area Administration Committee,

Anhui Province, Huangshan 245800, China

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: guol@im.ac.cn

ABSTRACT —A new species, Septobasidium hoveniae on Hovenia acerba associated with

Pseudaulacaspis sp., is described. Septobasidium rhabarbarinum on Quercus pannosa is new

to China.

Key worps —Pucciniomycetes, Septobasidiales, Septobasidiaceae, taxonomy

A new species of Septobasidium was discovered in the famous Huangshan Scenic

Area. Owing to the mild and humid climate and plentiful rainfall, Huangshan

Mountain is provided with a great biodiversity. Among Septobasidium

specimens collected by the fourth author a new species was discovered and is

described below:

Septobasidium hoveniae Wei Li bis, S.Z. Chen, L. Guo & Yao Q. Ye, sp. nov. Fries 1-4

FUNGAL NAME FN570057

Differs from Septobasidium henningsii by its thinner hymenium.

Type: China, Anhui Province, Huangshan Scenic Area, Wenquan, alt. 640 m, on

Hovenia acerba Lindl. (Rhamnaceae), associated with Pseudaulacaspis sp. (Diaspididae),

31.V.2012, Y.Q. Ye 5 (HMAS 252321, holotype).

ETYMOLOGY: The epithet refers to the substrate plant genus.

Basidiomata on branches, 10 cm long, 5 cm wide, cinnamon-brown; margin

determinate, surface smooth, cracked at maturity, partly peeling off, emerging

brown pillars. In section 600-1800 um thick. Subiculum brown, 50-70 um

thick. Pillars brown, at first straight, later curved and confluent, and then

98 ... Li & al.

ae AT eereas

10 pm

Fic 1. Septobasidium hoveniae (HMAS 252321, holotype). Basidia.

separable, 200-1500 um high, 20-120 um wide. Hyphal layer brown, 80-150

um high. Hymenium hyaline or brownish, 100-110 um thick. Basidia arising

directly from the hyphae without a probasidial cell, cylindrical, straight or

slightly curved, 4-celled, 35-45 x 7.5-9 um, hyaline. Basidiospores not seen.

Haustoria consisting of hyphae.

COMMENTS: Septobasidium hoveniae is similar to S. henningsii Pat., which

differs by having numerous fissures on the basidiome surface and a thicker and

stratified hymenium, 60-400 um high (Couch 1938).

Septobasidium rhabarbarinum (Mont.) Bres., Annls. Mycol. 14(3/4): 240, 1916.

Fics 5-8

Basidiomata on branches, 2-8 cm long, 1-3 cm wide, cinnamon-brown

or old golden; margin determinate, surface smooth, with numerous cracks at

maturity. In section 320-700 um thick. Subiculum brown, 20-30 um thick.

From subiculum forming brown hyphal layer, broken by channels at base.

Hymenium stratose, brown or brownish, 140-150 um thick. Basidia arising

Fics 2-4. Septobasidium hoveniae (HMAS 252321, holotype). 2. Basidioma on branch; 3. Section

of basidioma; 4. Basidium (arrow). Fics 5-7. Septobasidium rhabarbarinum (HMAS 251990).

5. Basidiomata on branches; 6. Section of basidioma; 7. Basidium (arrow).

Septobasidium hoveniae sp. nov. (China) ... 99

"Se 7 7 ' f j t a ‘mn

eth aS

a i! my i

100 ... Li & al.

10um |

Fic 8. Septobasidium rhabarbarinum (HMAS 251990). Basidia.

directly from the hyphae without a probasidial cell, cylindrical, curved,

4-celled, 33-38 x 6-7 um, brown. Basidiospores not seen. Haustoria consisting

of irregularly coiled hyphae.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: CHINA, SICHUAN: Yanyuan, Luguhu, alt. 2700 m, on Quercus

pannosa Hand.-Mazz. (Fagaceae), 14. IX. 2010, Y.F Zhu & L. Guo 342 (HMAS 251990),

Y.F. Zhu & L. Guo 340 (HMAS 263425).

CoMMENTs: Our materials are much like S. rhabarbarinum described by

Couch (1938), except that the basidia are shorter (33-38 x 6-7 um vs. 50-68 x

6.3-7.1 um).

Including the two species reported in this paper, 53 Septobasidium species have

now been reported in China (Sawada 1933, Couch 1938, Teng 1963, Tai 1979,

Kirschner & Chen 2007, Lu & Guo 2009a,b,c, 2010a,b,c, 2011, Lu et al. 2010,

Chen & Guo 2011a,b,c,d, 2012a,b,c, Li & Guo 2013).

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to express their deep thanks to Drs. Eric H.C. McKenzie

(Auckland, New Zealand) and Shuanghui He (Beijing Forestry University) for serving

as pre-submission reviewers, to Dr. Shaun Pennycook (Auckland, New Zealand)

for nomenclatural review, to Mr. Ziyu Cao (Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of

Sciences) for identifying the host plants, to Prof. Sanan Wu (Beijing Forestry University)

for identifying the scale insect, and to Mrs. Xiangfei Zhu for inking in line drawings.

This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.

30870016).

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