Iv ... MYCOTAXON 127

MY COTAXON

VOLUME ONE HUNDRED TWENTY-SEVEN — TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER SECTION

EEL inch ono Rtil vega eRe Meet be ASicch AGREE dL en, ete cl At ina At pL ovea ee RR apna ola vi

TROVICWCTS INE ooh UE eee cl RE Ee peak EP ett Ae he ohne ts MS ARE ete es vii

SOI TSSIOM DT OCCHUMES 3 xiies vs Pearich Yate ct hve Red na, erga Sa merit Joa tchteares Hy8 I eS Viii

ERO ETE Mtl? FON os tn eee Sd Ran oy SY epee ix

RESEARCH ARTICLES

A new species of Helminthosporium from Jiangsu, China

X1A0-JING WANG, HaAI-YAN Wu, & MENG ZHANG

Helicodochium, a new microfungus from submerged wood in Brazil

JOSIANE SANTANA MONTEIRO,

Luis FERNANDO PASCHOLATI GUSMAO, & RAFAEL F. CASTANEDA-RUIZ

Anabahusakala, a new genus from the Brazilian Amazon rainforest

LUANA TEIXEIRA DO CARMO, JOSIANE MONTEIRO SANTANA,

HELEN MARIA PONTES SOTAO, LUIS FERNANDO PASCHOLATI GUSMAO,

ANTONIO HERNANDEZ GUTIERREZ, & RAFAEL F. CASTANEDA-RUIZ

A new species of Phaeoisaria from intertidal marine sediment collected in

Weihai, China XIAO-LI CHENG, WEI LI & TIAN-YU ZHANG

Three new species of Septobasidium from Yunnan and Guangxi in China

WEI LI & LIN Gu

Conidial fungi from the semiarid Caatinga biome of Brazil.

A new species of Pseudoacrodictys PATRICIA OLIVEIRA FIUZA,

Luis FERNANDO PASCHOLATI GUSMAO,

ALISSON CARDOSO RODRIGUES DA CRUZ, & RAFAEL F. CASTANEDA-RUIZ 33

Two new microfungi from Brazilian Amazon Forest:

Atrogeniculata submersa and Nigrolentilocus amazonicus

JOSIANE SANTANA MONTEIRO, LuIS FERNANDO PASCHOLATI GUSMAO,

& RAFAEL F. CASTANEDA-RUIZ

A new rust on Tragopogan from Rhodos, Greece

HALVoR B. GJZRUM & KARE A. LYE

The lily magnolia powdery mildew Erysiphe magnifica found in Slovakia

EMiLIA ONDRUSKOVA, GABRIELA JUHASOVA,

& KATARINA PASTIRCAKOVA

Diplococcium variegatum, a new conidial fungus from the

semi-arid Caatinga biome of Brazil SILVANA SANTOS DA SILVA,

ALISSON CARDOSO RODRIGUES DA CRUZ, Luis FERNANDO

PASCHOLATI GUSMAO, & RAFAEL F. CASTANEDA-RUIZ

JANUARY-MARCH 2014... V

Additions to Ramularia species (hyphomycetes) in Poland

MALEGORZATA RUSZKIEWICZ-MICHALSKA & EWA POLEC 63

The genus Moreaua in Japan and Korea

TEODOR T. DENCHEV & CVETOMIR M. DENCHEV 73

New species of microfungi from Brazilian Amazon rainforests

JOSIANE SANTANA MONTEIRO, LUANA TEIXEIRA DO CARMO,

PATRICIA OLIVEIRA F1UzA, BIANCA MAIRA DE PAIVA OTTONI,

Luis FERNANDO PASCHOLATI GUSMAO, & RAFAEL F, CASTANEDA-RUIZ 81

Cristinia tubulicystidiata sp. nov. from India

JASPREET KAuR, G.S. DHINGRA, & N. HALLENBERG 89

Phallus coronatus sp. nov. from Vietnam

Yury A. REBRIEV, THI HA GIANG PHAM, & ALINA V. ALEXANDROVA 93

Distocercospora indica, a new dematiaceous hyphomycete

from central India NAVEEN KUMAR VERMA & AKHILA NAND RAI 97

Mensularia lithocarpi sp. nov. from Yunnan Province,

southwestern China LI-WEI ZHOU 103

Radulodon acaciae sp. nov. from India

GURPREET Kaur, AVNEET PAL SINGH, & G.S. DHINGRA 111

Microfungi from Costa Rica. A new species and a new combination

in Codinaea MariA GRANADOS, RAFAEL F. CASTANEDA-RUIZ,

OSCAR CASTRO, Davip W. MINTER, & BRYCE KENDRICK 115

Ramichloridium apiculatum, a new record for China, causing

sooty blotch and flyspeck Li WANG, YINYIN Du, LIANGLIANG JU,

YANGMEI ZHAO, RONG ZHANG, GUANGYU SUN, & MARK L. GLEASON 121

New species of Acrodictys and Repetophragma from dead branches

in China Jian Ma, X1u-Guo ZHANG, & RAFAEL FE. CASTANEDA-RUIZ 129

Ceratosporium hainanense and Solicorynespora obovata spp. nov.,

and a first record of Bactrodesmiastrum obscurum from southern China

JIAN Ma, X1u-GUO ZHANG, & RAFAEL FE. CASTANEDA-RUIZ 135

Paliphora curviapicis sp. nov. from Malaysia, and a synopsis of the genus

TEIK-KHIANG GOH, WAI-YIP LAU, & KAH-CHENG TEO 145

A new species of Corynesporopsis from Spain

MARGARITA HERNANDEZ-RESTREPO, JOSEPA GENE,

RAFAEL F, CASTANEDA-RUIZ, PAUL M. KIRK, & JOSEP GUARRO 155

Pholiota gallica nom. nov., based on Pholiota lubrica var. obscura

JAN HOLEC & MIROSLAV KOLARIK 161

Corymbiglomus pacificum, a new glomeromycete from a saline lakeshore in

Chile JORGE MEDINA, PABLO CORNEJO, FERNANDO BorIE,

SEBASTIAN MEIER, JAVIER PALENZUELA, HELDER ELiSIO EVANGELISTA

VIEIRA, ARAESKA C.A. FERREIRA, GLADSTONE ALVES DA SILVA,

IvAN SANCHEZ-CASTRO, & FRITZ OEHL 173

vI ... MYCOTAXON 127

First record of Erysiphe pulchra from China found on a new host species

Lu-CHAO Bal, ZHI-MIN CAo, & ZHONG-DONG YU 185

Lactarius taxa by Zdenék Schaefer - types and other collections in BRNM

VLADIMIR ANTONIN & JAN HOLEC 191

Lembosia bezerrae, a new asterinaceous fungus associated with a

terrestrial orchid from Bahia, Brazil

ANDRE L. FIRMINO & OLINTO L. PEREIRA 199

A new species of Pseudospiropes and new Cordana and

Sporidesmiopsis records from China

L1-Guo Ma, JI-WEN XIA, YING-RuI MA, & X1U-GUO ZHANG 207

Three new species of Pleurophragmium from Yunnan, China

L1-Guo Ma, JI-WEN XIA, YING-RurI MA, & XIU-GUO ZHANG 213

New taxa of the lichen genus Pertusaria from China

QIANG REN & NA ZHAO 221

BOOK REVIEWS AND NOTICES ELsE C. VELLINGA (Editor) 227

REGIONAL MYCOBIOTA NEW TO THE MYCOTAXON WEBSITE

The first checklist of lichens, lichenicolous, and allied fungi of Altaisky krai (Siberia,

Russia) Evceny A. DavyDov 231

NOMENCLATURE

NOMENCLATURAL NOVELTIES AND TYPIFICATIONS PROPOSED IN VOLUME 127 233

ERRATA FROM PREVIOUS VOLUMES

VOLUME 124

p-257, line 6 FOR: MB 563347 READ: MB 802332

VOLUME 126

p.63, line 8 FOR: The holotype collection and one additional collection

READ: the collections

JANUARY-MARCH 2014...

REVIEWERS — VOLUME ONE HUNDRED TWENTY-SEVEN

The Editors express their appreciation to the following individuals who have,

prior to acceptance for publication, reviewed one or more of the papers

prepared for this volume.

Vladimir Antonin

Alan W. Archer

Maria Teresa Basso

Alejandra G. Becerra

Janusz Blaszkowski

Uwe Braun

Tiara S. Cabral

Lori Carris

Rafael F. Castaneda-Ruiz

Theodore L. Esslinger

Shouyu Guo

Ying-Lan Guo

Nils Hallenberg

Shuang-Hui He

Margarita Hernandez-Restrepo

Stig Jacobsson

Bryce Kendrick

Levente Kiss

Hanns Kreisel

Ewald Langer

De-Wei Li

Eric H.C. McKenzie

Anders Nordin

Lorelei L. Norvell

Shaun R. Pennycook

Roger S. Peterson

Keith A. Seifert

B.M. Sharma

Roger G. Shivas

Dartanha José Soares

Halvor Solheim

Guangyu Sun

Gennadii Urbanavichus

Kalman Vanky

Annemieke Verbeken

Josef Vlasak

Agata Wolczanska

Xiu-Guo Zhang

Zhongyi Zhangt

Guo-zhu Zhao

PUBLICATION DATE FOR VOLUME ONE HUNDRED TWENTY-SIX

MYCOTAXON for OcTOBER-DECEMBER 2013, VOLUME 126 (I-x + 1-251)

was issued on March 14, 2014

VII

vill ... MYCOTAXON 127

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Mycotaxon publishes four volumes a year. Both open access and subscription

articles are offered.

JANUARY-MARCH 2014 ... IX

FROM THE EDITOR-IN-CHIEF

MYCOTAXON 127 contains 32 papers by 111 authors (representing 19 countries)

and revised by 39 expert reviewers.

Within its pages are three new genera from Brazil (Anabahusakala,

Atrogeniculata, Helicodochium) and 36 other taxa new to science representing

X from Acrodictys, Ceratosporium, Helminthosporium, Mensularia, Pertusaria,

Pleurophragmium, — Pseudoacrodictys __Pseudospiropes, | Repetophragma,

Septobasidium, and Solicorynespora from China; Codinaea from Costa

Rica; Corymbiglomus from Chile; Corynesporopsis from Spain; Cristinia,

Distocercospora, and Radulodon from India; Diplococcium, Henicospora,

Isthmophragmospora, Lembosia, Nigrolentilocus, and Sporidesmiella from Brazil;

Paliphora from Malaysia; Phallus from Vietnam; and Puccinia from Greece.

In addition to range extensions and/or new hosts for previously named taxa,

we also offer new combinations in Codinaea and Pholiota, newly established

synonymies and typifications, overviews of Moreaua (in Japan and Korea) and

Ramularia in Poland and valuable conclusions from Z. Schaefer Lactarius type

and BRNM collection studies.

With our usual warm regards and wishes for a productive year,

Lorelei L. Norvell (Editor-in-Chief)

22 May 2014

MY COTAXON

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/127.1

Volume 127, pp. 1-4 January-March 2014

A new species of Helminthosporium from Jiangsu, China

X1AO0-JING WANG, Hal-YAN Wu, & MENG ZHANG*

Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou, Henan, China, 450002

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: 7m2006@126.com

AxBstRAcT— Helminthosporium nanjingense sp. nov. is described from Jiangsu Province,

China, on dead branches of an unidentified tree. The new fungus produces a conspicuous

yellow-green pigment on PDA media. Its microscopic features and ITS sequence are provided.

KEY worDs — systematics, saprobes, hyphomycetes

Introduction

During the recent survey of Helminthosporium species in China, the authors

discovered eleven new species and seven new records (Zhang & Zhang 2009,

Zhang et al. 2003, 2004, 2007, 2010). In this paper we propose a new species of

Helminthosporium from Jiangsu Province, China.

Materials & methods

Unidentified dead branches with Helminthosporium species were carefully inspected

under a Nikon SMZ1500 stereomicroscope. Tissues mounted in a drop of lactophenol

were examined microscopically. Conidia and conidiophores were photographed

using a Nikon Eclipse 80i microscope with Nikon DS-U2 camera, and microscopic

measurements were completed by using NIS-Elements Image Analysis Software.

DNA was obtained from mycelia scraped from single spore cultures of the strains ona

PDA plate and extracted using the Cell Genomic DNA Isolation Kit (LifeFeng, Shanghai,

China) following the manufacturer's instructions. A final volume of 25 uL [comprising

1 uL ITS1 forward sequencing primer (5uM) and 1 uL ITS4 reverse sequencing primer

(5 uM), 9.5 uL ddH,O, 12.5 wL 2x Taq PCR Master Mix (including 0.1 U/uL Taq DNA

Polymerase, 0.4 mM each dNTPs, 2x Taq Buffer, red and blue indicator dye, PCR

enhance reagent and proteide steady reagent), 1 uL fungal DNA] was amplified using a

Eppendorf PCR thermal cycler device (Germany) as follows: 95°C initial denaturation

(2 min), 33cycles of 95°C (30 s), 55°C (30 s), 72°C (2 min), and a final step of 72°C (7

min). The 5-uL PCR products were analyzed through electrophoresis on a 1.0% agarose

gel with 1x Tris-acetate-EDTA (TAE electrophoresis buffer). The PCR products were

sequenced by Shanghai Sangon Biological Engineering Technology & Service Co. Ltd.,

2 ... Wang, Wu, & Zhang

China (Xie et al. 2010; Schoch et al. 2012). The type specimen is deposited in HSAUP

(Herbarium of Shandong Agricultural University: Plant Pathology), and the ex-type

culture in HHAUF (Herbarium of Henan Agricultural University: Fungi).

Taxonomy

Helminthosporium nanjingense Meng Zhang, Xiao J. Wang & H.Y. Wu, sp. nov.

FIG. 1

MycoBAnk MB 804655

Differs from other similar species of Helminthosporium by its smooth-walled, longer,

slightly thinner conidia and its longer conidiophores.

Type: China, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, on dead branches of an unidentified

tree, 8 Sep. 2002, coll. M. Zhang (Holotype, HSAUP,,0198; ex-type culture,

HHAUE, ,0380=ZM,,,0380; GenBank KF192322).

Erymo_oey: Latin, nanjingense, for the collection locality.

CoLony on the natural substrate effuse, black, hairy. Mycelium mostly

immersed in the substratum. CoLony on PDA media effuse with yellow-green

pigment. CoNIDIOPHORES arising solitary or in fascicles from the cells of the

mycelium, simple, straight or flexuous, thick-walled, sub-cylindrical, smooth,

brown to dark brown, 250-470 um long, 6.9-7.7 um wide, with well-defined

small pores at the apex and laterally beneath the upper 1-4 septa; 8.6-11 um

wide at the base cell which sometimes inflated up to 15.5 um. Conrp1A subulate

or nearly whip-like, straight or curved, thin-walled, smooth, pale brown,

6-17 distoseptate, 64.5-170.5 um long, 7.3-10.3 um wide in the widest part,

narrowing towards the apex to 5.0-6.8 um wide, with a blackish-brown scar at

the base, 1.4-2.7 um thick.

ComMENTs: Helminthosporium nanjingense is most closely related to

H. conidiophorellum Meng Zhang & T.Y. Zhang and H. subhyalinum Meng

Zhang & T.Y. Zhang in conidial morphology (subulate or nearly whip-like

shape). Helminthosporium conidiophorellum differs from H. nanjingense by its

shorter and slightly wider conidia (100-147.5 x 9.5-11 um) that are sometimes

slightly verruculose and its shorter wider conidiophores (60-280 x 7.0-8.5

um) (Zhang & Zhang 2009). Helminthosporium subhyalinum is differentiated

by its nearly colorless, shorter, slightly wider conidia (72-125 x 9.5-11.5 um)

and shorter conidiophores (120-200 um); the thick black conidial apex wall of

H. subhyalinum is also a striking distinguishing characteristic (Zhang et al.

2007).

The amplified rDNA (ITS) region derived from the holotype was 454 bp

(GenBank KF192322). The BLAST comparison with previously published

H. solani and H. velutinum sequences shows only 89% nucleotide homologies

for both. Reference sequences for comparative analysis were obtained from

Helminthosporium nanjingense sp. nov. (China) ... 3

A B C D E

Fic. 1 Helminthosporium nanjingense (holotype HSAUP 01980 ): A-D. Conidia; E. Conidiophore

apex; F. Conidiophores; G. Conidiophore base. Scale bars = 50 um.

GenBank database by the BLAST search program (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.

gov/BLAST/).

Acknowledgments

We are deeply grateful to Drs. R.E Castafeda Ruiz (Instituto de Investigaciones

Fundamentales en Agricultura Tropical “Alejandro de Humboldt,’ Cuba) and Prof.

Y.L. Guo (Institute of Microbiology, Academia Sinica, China) for kindly serving as

pre-submission reviewers and their useful suggestions. This project was supported by

the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project No. 30970016, 30870018 &

31171804) and Sponsored by Program for Science & Technology Innovation Talents in

Universities of Henan Province (No. 13HASTIT007).

4 ... Wang, Wu, & Zhang

Literature cited

Schoch CL, Seifert KA, Huhndorf S, Robert V, Spouge JL, Levesque CA, Chen W, et al. 2012.

Nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region as a universal DNA barcode marker

for fungi. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109(16): 6241-6246.

Xie L, Huang SL, Cen ZL, Lu WH, Qin BX, Tang CG, Hu CJ, Qin LP. 2010. First report of

Botryosphaeria dothidea causing sweet osmanthus leaf dieback in China. Agricultural Sciences

in China 9(6): 847-853. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1671-2927(09)60163-2

Zhang M, Zhang TY. 2009. Taxonomic studies of Helminthosporium from China 4. Six

new species and a key to Helminthosporium from China. Mycotaxon 109: 399-413.

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/109.399

Zhang M, Zhang TY, Wu WP. 2003. Taxonomic studies of Helminthosporium from China I. Some

new records. Mycosystema 22(Supplement): 77-79.

Zhang M, Zhang TY, Wu WP. 2004. Taxonomic studies of Helminthosporium from China II. Two

new species in Sichuan Province. Mycosystema 23: 179-182.

Zhang M, Zhang TY, Wu WP. 2007. Taxonomic studies of Helminthosporium from China III. Three

new species in Guangdong Province. Mycotaxon 99: 137-142.

Zhang M, Wu HY, Wang ZY. 2010. Taxonomic studies of Helminthosporium from China

5. Two new species from Hunan and Sichuan Province. Mycotaxon 113: 95-99.

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/113.95

MY COTAXON

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/127.5

Volume 127, pp. 5-9 January-March 2014

Helicodochium,

anew microfungus from submerged wood in Brazil

JOSIANE SANTANA MONTEIRO’, LuiS FERNANDO PASCHOLATI GUSMAO”*,

& RAFAEL E CASTANEDA-RUIZ?

"Departamento de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-420, Recife, Brazil

*Departamento de Ciéncias Biologicas, Laboratorio de Micologia, Universidade Estadual

de Feira de Santana, BR116 KM03, 44031-460, Feira de Santana, Brazil

*Instituto de Investigaciones Fundamentales en Agricultura Tropical Alejandro de Humboldt’

(INIFAT), Académico Titular de la Academia de Ciencias de Cuba,

Calle 1 Esq. 2, Santiago de Las Vegas, C. Habana, Cuba, C.P. 17200

*CORRESPONDENCE TO: lgusmao@uefs.com

AxBsTRACT — An interesting helicosporic fungus collected on submerged wood in the

Brazilian Amazon, ‘Area de Protecao Ambiental Ilha do Combu; Brazil, is described and

illustrated. Helicodochium amazonicum gen. & sp. nov. is characterized by sporodochial

conidiomata, macronematous branched very pale brown to subhyaline conidiophores, and

conidiogenous cells that produce helicoid multiseptate smooth hyaline conidia.

KEY worpDs — asexual fungi, taxonomy, freshwater

Introduction

Saprobic hyphomycetes are highly diverse on plant material, and many new

genera or species have recently been discovered (e.g. Castafteda-Ruiz et al.

2009, 2012, Zhang et al. 2009, 2011, Ma et al. 2011, Cruz et al. 2012, Ren et al.

2012). Taking into account its great geographical and environmental variety,

the Brazilian Amazon is considered an important reservoir of biodiversity.

However, its mycobiota, especially microfungi, is poorly known. During a

mycological survey of fungi associated with submerged litter at Brazilian

Amazon forest, an interesting fungus was collected from submerged wood.

The specimen, which differed remarkably from previously described asexual

genera, is described here in a new genus.

Samples of submerged litter were placed in paper and plastic bags, taken to

the laboratory, and prepared according to Castafteda-Ruiz (2005). Mounts were

prepared in PVL (polyvinyl alcohol, lactic acid, phenol) and measurements

6 ... Monteiro, Gusmao, & Castafieda-Ruiz

were made at x1000. Micrographs were obtained with an Olympus microscope

(model BX51) equipped with bright field and Nomarski interference optics.

The type specimen is deposited in the Herbarium of Universidade Estadual de

Feira de Santana (HUEFS).

Taxonomy

Helicodochium J.S. Monteiro, R.F. Castafieda, A.C. Cruz & Gusmao, gen. nov.

MycoBank MB804995

Differs from Vanbeverwijkia by monoblastic conidiogenous cells and from

Everhartia by differentiated dry conidiomata, macronematous conidiophores, and

pseudoparenchymatous stromata.

Type Species: Helicodochium amazonicum J.S. Monteiro et al.

EryMoLocy: Helico-, referring to the helicoid conidia + -dochium, referring to

sporodochial conidiomata.

ASEXUAL FUNGUS. COLONIES on the natural substrate effuse, pale pinkish.

Mycelium mostly immersed. Conrp1omata sporodochial, apothecium-like,

dry, scattered, pinkish to white, consisting of numerous conidiophores arising

from a stroma of globose, thick-walled, pale brown cells with an umbilicate

centre. CONIDIOPHORES macronematous, erect, branched, septate, pale brown,

arising from a thick-walled, pale brown, pseudoparenchymatous stromata with

globose texture. CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS monoblastic, integrated, determinate,

terminal, pale brown to hyaline. Conidial secession schizolytic. Conrb1A

solitary, coiled, planate, pluri-septate, hyaline.

Helicodochium amazonicum J.S. Monteiro, R.F. Castafieda, A.C. Cruz & Gusmao,

sp. nov. PLATE 1

MycoBank MB804996

Differs from Vanbeverwijkia spirospora by monoblastic conidiogenous cells and from

Everhartia spp. by differentiated apothecium-like to infundibuliform dry conidiomata

and macronematous conidiophores that arise from a pseudoparenchymatous stromata.

Type: Brazil, Para, Belém, Area de Protecao Ambiental Ilha do Combu, 1°25’S 48°27’W,

on submerged wood, 18.Oct.2012, coll. J.S. Monteiro (Holotype: HUEFS 194251;

Isotype: HUEFS 194252).

ErymMo_oey: Latin, amazonicum, referring to the locality of the type specimen.

CoLoniges on the natural substrate, effuse, pale pinkish. Mycelium

mostly immersed. Hyphae septate, 2-4 um diam, branched, forming a

pseudoparenchymatous stroma with thick-walled, smooth, pale brown, 5-10

um diam cells in a textura globosa. Conrp1omaAtTA sporodochial, apothecium-

like, incurved at the centre, superficial, scattered or in groups, pale pink or

white, glistening, dry, 63-100 um long and 128-150 um wide. CONIDIOPHORES

macronematous, erect, more or less dichotomous branched below, arising

Helicodochium amazonicum gen. & sp. nov. (Brazil) ... 7

Pate. 1. Helicodochium amazonicum (holotype HUEFS 194251). A. Sporodochium. B-E. Conidia.

E Conidia attached to the conidiogenous cells (arrow). G. Sporodochia on the substratum. Scale

bars: A-F = 20 um, G = 100 um.

from subglobose stromatic cells, 6-10 x 5-7 um; 1-4-septate, 13-20 x 3-5 um,

smooth, pale brown at the base, hyaline towards the apex. CONIDIOGENOUS

CELLS monoblastic, cylindrical. integrated, determinate, terminal, rounded

to sub-truncated at the apex, 6-10 x 3-4 um, pale brown. Conidial secession

schizolytic. CONIDIA acrogenous, solitary, 20-33-septate, helicoid, 1%-2 times

coiled, 70-82.5 um diam, planate, slightly attenuate and subtruncate at the

base, 112.5-145 x 4-6 um, 3-4 um wide at the base; rounded at the apex, 3-4

um wide, smooth, hyaline forming a compact, incurved cluster towards the

centre of the conidiomata.

Note: Seifert et al. (2011) described seven helicosporous genera with

sporodochial conidiomata. Among these hyphomycetous fungi, only Everhartia

Sacc. & Ellis (Yanna et al. 2000) and Vanbeverwijkia Agnihothr. (Agnihothrudu

1961) share morphologically comparable sporodochia, conidiogenous cells, and

conidia with Helicodochium. However Everhartia has gelatinous sporodochia

with micronematous, unbranched (or poorly branched) conidiophores, lacking

8 ... Monteiro, Gusmao, & Castafieda-Ruiz

pseudoparenchymatous stromata and conidia composed of long chains of

cuboid to globose cells. The monotypic genus Vanbeverwijkia is characterized

by phialidic conidiogenous cells (Goos 1987, Shearer & Crane 1971), although

thallic disarticulation was described by Agnihothrudu (1961). Neither

developmental pattern is observed in Helicodochium conidia.

Acknowledgments

The authors express their sincere gratitude to Dr. De- Wei Li and Dr. Xiu-Guo Zhang

for their critical reviews of the manuscript. The authors are grateful to the Coordination

for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) for financial support and

the “Programa de Pdés-gradua¢ao em Biologia de Fungos - PPGBF/UFPE”. The authors

thank the support provided by “Programa Ciéncia sem Fronteiras”. RFCR is grateful to

the Cuban Ministry of Agriculture and “Programa de Salud Animal y Vegetal”, project

P131LH003033 Cuban Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment, for facilities.

We acknowledge the assistance provided by Dr. P.M. Kirk and Drs. V. Robert and G.

Stegehuis through the IndexFungorum and Mycobank websites. Dr. Lorelei L. Norvell’s

editorial and Dr. Shaun Pennycook’s nomenclatural reviews are greatly appreciated.

Literature cited

Agnihothrudu V. 1961. Notes on fungi from North-East India V. A new genus of the helicosporous

hyphomycetes. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 44(1): 51-54.

Castafieda-Ruiz RF. 2005. Metodologia en el estudio de los hongos anamorfos. Anais do V

Congresso Latino Americano de Micologia. Brasilia: 182-183.

Castafieda-Ruiz RF, Gusmao LFP, da Cruz RAC, Heredia Abarca G, Iturriaga T, Guarro J, Saikawa

M, Stadler M, Minter DW. 2009. Phaeocandelabrum, a new genus of anamorphic fungi to

accommodate Sopagraha elegans and two new species, Ph. callisporum and Ph. joseiturriagae.

Mycotaxon 109: 221-232. http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/109.221

Castafieda-Ruiz RF, Granados MM, Mardones M, Stadler M, Minter DW, Hernandez-Restrepo M,

Gené J, Guarro J. 2012. A microfungus from Costa Rica: Ticosynnema gen. nov.. Mycotaxon

122: 255-259. http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/122.255

Cruz RAC, Gusmao LFP, Castafeda-Ruiz RE, Stadler M, Minter DW. 2012. Zelodactylaria, an

interesting new genus from semi-arid northeast Brazil. Mycotaxon 119: 241-248. http://dx.doi.

org/10.5248/119.241

Goos RD. 1987. Fungi with a twist: the helicosporous hyphomycetes. Mycologia 79: 1-22.

http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3807740

Ma J, Wang Y, O’Neill NR, Zhang XG. 2011. A revision of the genus Lomaantha, with the description

of a new species. Mycologia 103(2): 407-410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3852/10-176

Ren SC, Ma J, Ma LG, Zhang YD, Zhang XG. 2012. Sativumoides and Cladosporiopsis, two new

genera of hyphomycetes from China. Mycol. Progress 11: 443-448.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11557-011-0759-9

Seifert K, Morgan-Jones G, Gams W, Kendrick B. 2011. The genera of hyphomycetes. CBS

Biodiversity Series 9: 1-997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/003158511X617435

Shearer C, Crane JL. 1971. Fungi of the Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries. I. Patuxent River.

Mycologia 63: 237-260.

Yanna, Ho WH, Goh TK, Hyde KD. 2000. A new species of Everhartia associated with leaf spots of

Phoenix hanceana from Hong Kong. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 134: 465-470.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2000.tb00543.x

Helicodochium amazonicum gen. & sp. nov. (Brazil) ... 9

Zhang K, Ma LG, Zhang XG. 2009. New species and records of Shrungabeeja from southern China.

Mycologia 101(4): 573-578. http://dx.doi.org/10.3852/09-006

Zhang YD, Ma J, Wang Y, Ma LG, Castafieda-Ruiz RE, Zhang XG. 2011. New species and record of

Pseudoacrodictys from southern China. Mycol. Progress 10: 261-265.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11557-010-0696-z

MY COTAXON

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/127.#

Volume 127, pp. 11-15 January-March 2014

Anabahusakala, a new genus

from the Brazilian Amazon rainforest

LUANA TEIXEIRA DO CARMO’, JOSIANE SANTANA MONTEIRO’,

Luis FERNANDO PASCHOLATI GUSMAO?*, HELEN MARIA PONTES SOTAO‘,

ANTONIO HERNANDEZ GUTIERREZ’, & RAFAEL FE CASTANEDA-RUIZ°

‘Universidade Federal Rural da Amazonia,

Av. Presidente Tancredo Neves, n 2501; Terra Firme, 66077-901, Belém, Para, Brazil

?Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Micologia,

Av. Prof. Nelson Chaves s/n, Cidade Universitaria, 50670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil

>Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Departamento de Ciéncias Bioldgicas,

Av. Transnordestina s/n, Novo Horizonte, 44036-900, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil

‘Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Coordenacdo de Botanica,

Av. Perimetral, 1901, Terra Firme, 66077-530, Belém, Para, Brazil

‘Laboratorio de Micologia, Instituto de Ciéncias Biologicas, Universidade Federal do Para,

Rua Augusto Corréa 01, Bairro do Guamd, 66071-110, Belém, PA, Brazil

°Instituto de Investigaciones Fundamentales en Agricultura Tropical Alejandro de Humboldt’

(INIFAT), Académico Titular de la Academia de Ciencias de Cuba,

Calle 1 Esq. 2, Santiago de Las Vegas, C. Habana, Cuba, C.P. 17200

*CORRESPONDENCE TO: lgusmao@uefs.com

Asstract — Anabahusakala amapensis gen. & sp. nov. is described and illustrated. This

fungus is distinguished by differentiated robust dark brown conidiophores that are pale

brown to brown and branch irregularly towards the apex. The conidia, which are thallic-

arthric, cylindrical, sub-oblong, Y-shaped to irregular, and pale brown to brown, occur in

branched chains formed by disarticulation of the conidiophore branches.

KEY worpDs — asexual fungi, systematic, palm tree

Introduction

Several microfungi were collected during a survey of saprophytic conidial

fungi on dead palm leaves in Brazil's Amapa National Forest Reserve. Among

these samples an interesting arthric-thallic fungus was discovered that

represents a new genus and species, which are described and illustrated herein.

The samples were examined in the laboratory using a stereomicroscope and

mounted in lacto-glycerol for study under a light microscope. Specimens are

12 ... Carmo & al.

deposited in the Instituto de Pesquisas Cientificas e Tecnolégicas do Estado do

Amapa (HAMAB).

Taxonomy

Anabahusakala L.T. Carmo, J.S. Monteiro, R.F. Castafieda & Gusmao, gen. nov.

MycoBank MB805030

Differs from Bahusakala by its macronematous, robust, fasciate conidiophores

irregularly branched at the apex and its cylindrical to irregular, septate, pigmented

conidia formed by disarticulation of the branches.

Type SpeciEs: Anabahusakala amapensis L.T. Carmo et al.

ErymMo_oey: Greek, Ana-, meaning upwards, back, again; -bahusakala, referring to the

hyphomycete genus Bahusakala.

Asexual fungi. CONIDIOPHORES macronematous, mononematous, branched,

septate, pigmented. CONIDIOGENOUS HYPHAE holothallic, pigmented; conidial

secession schizolytic. Conrp1A catenulate, septate, pigmented, formed by

disarticulation of the conidiogenous hyphae.

Anabahusakala amapensis L.T. Carmo, J.S. Monteiro, Gusmao &

R.F. Castafieda, sp. nov. PLATE 1, 2

MycoBank MB805045

Differs from Bahusakala species by its macronematous, robust, fasciate conidiophores

with irregular apical branches and its cylindrical to irregular, septate, pigmented conidia,

formed by disarticulation of the branches.

Type: Brazil, Amapa State, Amapa National Forest Reserve, Parcel “Leste Oeste” 1;

0°57 N 51°36 W, on decaying leaves of Syagrus sp. (Arecaceae), 11.VII.2009, coll. J.S.

Monteiro & H. Sotao (Holotype: HAMAB 18706).

ETYMOLOGY: amapensis, referring to the type location, Amapa State.

CoLonizs on the natural substrate effuse, epiphyllous, hairy, pale brown

to brown. Mycelium mostly superficial, composed of branched, septate,

smooth hyphae, pale brown, 1-2 um diam. CONIDIOPHORES macronematous,

mononematous, robust, erect, straight, branched towards the apex, 3-9-septate,

brown, reddish brown to black, but pale brown fasciate near the septa, smooth,

25-215 x 4-5 um. CONIDIOGENOUS HYPHAE holothallic, integrated or discrete,

determinate, brown to pale brown. Conidial secession schizolytic. CONIDIA

cylindrical, Y-shaped, sub-oblong, truncated at the ends, sometimes rounded

at the apex, catenulate, 1-2-septate, 7-12 x 2 um, pale brown to brown, dry,

smooth, forming by disarticulation of the apical and lateral branches of the

conidiogenous hyphae.

ADDITIONAL SPECIMEN EXAMINED: BRAZIL, AMAPA, Amapa National Forest Reserve,

Parcel “Leste Oeste” 1; 0°58 N 51°37 W, on decaying leaves of Astrocaryum gynacanthum

Mart. (Arecaceae), 20.11.2008, coll. J.S. Monteiro (HAMAB 18709).

Anabahusakala amapensis gen. & sp. nov. (Brazil) ... 13

Fic. 1. Anabahusakala amapensis (ex HAMAB 18709). A-E. Conidia and ramoconidia.

F-I. Conidiophores after disarticulation. Scale bars: A-E = 5 um; F-I = 10 um.

Note: Bahusakala (Castafieda-Ruiz et al. 1996, Ellis 1971, Guarro et al. 1980,

Subramanian 1958), typified by B. olivaceonigra (Berk. & Broome) Subram.,

produces micronematous to semi-macronematous, decumbent or prostrate

14 ... Carmo & al.

Fic. 2. Anabahusakala amapensis (ex HAMAB 18709).

Conidiophore, ramoconidia, and conidia. Scale bar = 10 um.

conidiophores that form pulverous or pulvinate colonies. The Bahusakala

thallic-conidia form when the fertile hyphae and main conidiophore axes

disarticulate randomly, while in Anabahusakala only the apical branches, and

not the main conidiophore axes, disarticulate. Of the other genera illustrated by

Seifert et al. (2011) that restrict thallic-arthric conidial development to the apical

branches, only Oidiodendron Robak superficially resembles Anabahusakala,

and it is distinguished by the production of unicellular, rhexolytic seceding

conidia that form branched chains with connectives.

Anabahusakala amapensis gen. & sp. nov. (Brazil) ... 15

Acknowledgments

The authors express their sincere gratitude to Dr. Margarita Hernandez-Restrepo

(Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Spain) and Dr. De-Wei Li (Connecticut Agricultural

Experiment Station, U.S.A.) for their critical review of the manuscript. The authors thank

the MMA/ IBAMA for funding, coordination, and logistical support and for offering

the IEPA and MPEG facilities and infrastructure. The first author thanks the project

“Rede interdisciplinar de Pesquisa Botanica na Amazonia, Mata Atlantica, Caatinga e

Cerrado,’ and CAPES (Aux-pesq-PNADB 0922/2010) for financial assistance. RFCR

is also grateful to the Cuban Ministry of Agriculture and “Programa de Salud Animal

y Vegetal,” project P131LH003033 (Cuban Ministry of Science, Technology and

Environment) for facilities. We acknowledge the assistance provided by Dr. P.M. Kirk

and Drs. V. Robert and A. Decock through the IndexFungorum and Mycobank websites.

Dr. Lorelei L. Norvell’s editorial review and Dr. Shaun Pennycook’s nomenclature review

are greatly appreciated.

Literature cited

Castaneda-Ruiz RF, Guarro J, Cano J. 1996. Notes on conidial fungi V. Two dematiaceous

hyphomycetes from Cuba. Mycotaxon 57: 463-469.

Ellis MB. 1971. Dematiaceous hyphomycetes. Kew, Commonwealth Mycological Institute.

Guarro J, Calvo MA, Vicente E. 1980. Contribucién al estudio de los hyphomycetes de Espaiia. IV.

Acta Botanica Malacitana 6: 43-52.

Seifert K, Morgan-Jones G, Gams W, Kendrick B. 2011. The genera of hyphomycetes. CBS

Biodiversity Series 9: 1-997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/003158511X617435

Subramanian CV. 1958. Hyphomycetes V. Journal of the Indian Botanical Society 37(1): 47-64.

MY COTAXON

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/127.17

Volume 127, pp. 17-24 January-March 2014

A new species of Phaeoisaria from

intertidal marine sediment collected in Weihai, China

XIAO-LI CHENG’, WEI LI’*, & TIAN-YU ZHANG?

‘College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China,

Qingdao, 266003, PR China

?Department of Plant Pathology, Shandong Agricultural University,

Taian, 271018, PR China

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: liwei01@ouc.edu.cn

AxsstTRAcT — A culture of a synnematous hyphomycete belonging to Phaeoisaria was

isolated from surface sediment on the coast of Weihai, China. It is described as a new species,

Phaeoisaria sedimenticola, based on morphological characters and nuclear ribosomal DNA

sequences (large subunit and internal transcribed spacer regions). Phaeoisaria sedimenticola

is distinguished by its indeterminate synnemata, more or less cylindrical conidiogenous

cells, hyaline obovoid to ellipsoidal conidia with pointed bases, aseptate conidia (3.6-7.5 x

2.5-4.4 um), and 1-septate conidia (4.5-9 x 2-4.5 um) that are slightly constricted at the

septum.

Key worps — ITS phylogeny, marine fungi, taxonomy

Introduction

During an ongoing investigation of fungi isolated from marine macroalgae

and intertidal sediment in China, several new species and new records for

China were encountered. An interesting synnematous hyphomycete, isolated

on the coast of Weihai, China, and showing morphological features typical

of Phaeoisaria Hohn. (Hohnel 1909), could not be assigned to any previously

published Phaeoisaria species. Phaeoisaria sedimenticola is described here

based on its morphological characters and phylogenetic analyses of ITS and

LSU rDNA sequences.

The hyphomycete genus Phaeoisaria is easily recognized by having erect

brown (or nearly so) indeterminate synnemata (one species lacks conidiomata)

bearing numerous sympodially extending denticulate conidiogenous cells and

single dry 0-1-septate conidia (Hohnel 1909; de Hoog & Papendorf 1976). In

nature, the genus occurs mainly on leaves, bark, and twigs of plants. Fourteen

species currently are accepted in the genus (Melnik 2012; Seifert et al. 2011).

18 ... Cheng, Li, & Zhang

Materials & methods

Sampling and Isolation

The uppermost 2-10 cm of marine sediment layers were sampled from the intertidal

zone at Weihai, Shandong Province, China. Sediment samples were collected using

sterile hollow glass tubes, which were sealed and stored in a freezer at -20 °C until

processed. A soil-dilution plate method was adopted for the isolation of fungi. The

isolation medium potato dextrose agar (PDA, 200 g of potatoes steamed for 45 min in

200 ml of distilled seawater and then homogenized, 20 g of agar, 20 g of dextrose, and

distilled seawater to make a final volume of 1 L) was supplemented with streptomycin

and penicillin G at 1g/L to inhibit bacterial growth. Colonies were incubated on PDA

at room temperature (22-25 °C) with alternating 12 h/12 h fluorescent light/darkness.

Specimens were deposited in the Herbarium of Ocean University of China Marine

Biology, Qingdao, China (OUCMB), and cultures in China General Microbiological

Culture Collection Center, Beijing, China (CGMCC).

Morphological characterization

Morphological characters were not observed on natural substrates but developed

only in pure culture. Microscopic characters and measurements were observed on slides

prepared with lactic acid glycerin or stained with Cotton Blue. Detailed incubation and

observation methods are presented by Cheng et al. (2011). Means + standard deviation

(s.d.) based on more than 50 measurements are given for conidial dimensions.

DNA extraction, PCR amplification and sequencing

Isolates were grown in 1.5 mL microcentrifuge tubes containing 1.0 mL potato

dextrose broth. The broth was decanted, and the mycelium was washed and centrifuged

twice in sterile deionized water (Fernandez et al. 1999). Genomic DNA was extracted

according to Zhang et al. (2010). The primers ITS1 and ITS4 were used to amplify ITS

rDNA (White et al. 1990), LROR and LR7 for LSU rDNA (Fernandez et al. 1999).

PCR was performed in a mixture with 12.5 uL of 2 x Taq PCR Master Mix (Tiangen

Biotech, Beijing, China), 1 uL each of 10 uM primers, 1 uL of the undiluted DNA

extract, with the total volume adjusted to 25 uL with distilled deionized water. PCR was

performed using the following thermocycling parameters: initial denaturation at 94 °C

for 2 min, followed by 35 cycles of denaturation at 94 °C for 1 min, annealing at 55 °C

for 1.5 min, and extension at 72 °C for 2.5 min. A final extension step of 10 min at 72 °C

was added. The PCR products were checked on 1% agarose electrophoresis gel stained

with ethidium bromide. Sequencing was conducted on an ABI 3730XL automated DNA

Analyzer at Sangon Biotech (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.

Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analyses

The SeqMan program was used to obtain consensus sequences. BLAST searches

were performed to compare the sequences with those deposited in GenBank. Sequences

with significant matches were used for phylogenetic analyses. Representative sequences

of morphologically similar genera were also included. GenBank accession numbers of

involved sequences are included on Fic. 1. The sequences were aligned using MAFFT

version 7 online (http://mafft.cbrc.jp/alignment/software/), applying the Lins-i manual

strategy with default parameters, followed by manual adjustments as necessary. The final

Phaeoisaria sedimenticola sp. nov. (China) ... 19

Phaeoisaria sedimenticola JQ074237 Uv

Phaeoisaria clematidis JQ429155 Oo

Phaeoisaria clematidis EU552148 a

Carpoligna pleurothecii JQ429147

Carpoligna pleurothecii JQ429148

Carpoligna pleurothecii JQ429149 Ss

fo)

Carpoligna pleurothecii JQ429150 2

Pleurothecium semifecundum JQ429158

Pleurothecium semifecundum JQ429159

0.61/66 Pleurotheciella centenaria JQ429151

Pleurotheciella

Pleurotheciella rivularia JQ429160

1/100 Dokmaia monthadangi DQ780454

11100 Dokmaia

| Dokmaia monthadangi JN559405

Geniculisynnema termiticola AB274813

Arthrobotrys pyriformis EU977541

0.08

Fic. 1 Phylogenetic tree generated from Bayesian inference based on ITS rDNA sequence data

set. Bayesian posterior probability and Maximum likelihood bootstrap are indicated at the nodes.

alignment of the data set was deposited at TreeBASE (submission ID 13811). Phylogenetic

relationships were estimated using maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference

(BI) analyses. The best-fit substitution model under the Akaike Information Criterion

(AIC) (Posada & Buckley 2004) was determined by using MrModeltest 2.3 (Nylander

2004) and PAUP* 4.0b 10 (Swofford 2003).

ML analysis was performed with PAUP* 4.0b 10 (Swofford 2003). Nodal support

was determined by non-parametric bootstrapping with 1000 replicates. The branch-

swapping algorithm employed was tree bisection-reconnection (TBR), with MulTrees

option in effect and steepest descent option not selected. A bootstrap proportion (BP)

above 70% was considered a significant value. BI analysis was conducted in a likelihood

framework as implemented by MrBayes 3.2.1 based on Markov chain Monte Carlo

approach (Ronquist et al. 2012). One cold and three heated Markov chains were used. The

BI analysis was run for 1 000 000 generations, with tree sampled every 100 generations.

The first 2500 trees, which represented the burn-in phase of the analysis, were discarded,

and the remaining trees were used for calculating the posterior probabilities (PP) in

the consensus tree. From those trees that were sampled after the process had reached

convergence, a 50% majority-rule consensus tree was computed to get estimates for

clade reliability. A probability of 0.95 was considered significant.

20 ... Cheng, Li, & Zhang

Results

Molecular phylogenetics

Based on a megablast search of NCBI’s GenBank of nucleotide database, the

closest match to our LSU sequence (JQ031561) is P. clematidis (strain DAOM

226789, accession no. JQ429231) with 98% identity. The closest hits using the

ITS sequence (JQ074237) are with P. clematidis (CBS 113340, EU552148) and P

clematidis (DAOM 226789, JQ429155) with 90% and 91% identity, respectively,

followed by Pleurotheciella and Carpoligna (anamorph Pleurothecium).

The topologies of ITS and LSU rDNA trees were consistent with each other at

the species level. Only the phylogenetic tree generated from ITS rDNA (Fie. 1) is

shown here. The ITS rDNA data set consisted of 15 aligned sequences

(including the outgroup sequence of Arthrobotrys pyriformis EU977541) and

558 characters (258 parsimony informative). The best-fitting evolutionary

model for the data set was SYM + G model under the AIC. In the ITS phylogeny,

our new fungus clusters with P. clematidis (JQ429155 and EU552148), the type

species of Phaeoisaria, with strong support values (BI PP = 1, ML BP =98%).

The Phaeoisaria lineage appears to be sister to the Pleurothecium-group, but

did not receive strong branch support in either Bayesian or bootstrap analyses

(BI PP = 0.79, ML BP = 60%). Dokmaia Promp. and Geniculisynnema Okane

& Nakagiri occur in two separate clades distinct from the Phaeoisaria lineage.

Taxonomy

Phaeoisaria sedimenticola X.L. Cheng & Wei Li ter, sp. nov. FIG. 2

MycoBAnk MB 563661

Differs from Phaeoisaria uniseptata by its obovoid to ellipsoidal conidia and from P

clematidis by its shorter, sometimes 1-septate, conidia.

Type: China. Shandong province, Weihai, intertidal zone, surface marine sediment,

37°27'57.0”N 122°8'21.3”E, 5 Jun 2010, K.M. Sun (holotype, OUCMBIII, 1039; ex-type

culture, CGMCC 3.14949),

EryMo_oey: sedimenticola, indicating a lifestyle in sediment, from which the fungus

was originally isolated.

Colonies on PDA attaining 30 mm diam in 14 d at 25 °C, at first smooth, buff to

brown, later often with numerous synnemata; reverse greyish brown at center,

olivaceous near margin; exudate and odour absent. Hyphae smooth, hyaline to

pale brown, 2-2.5 um wide. Synnemata erect, cylindrical to subulate, up to 4000

um high or sometimes longer, 70-90 um wide at the base, consisting of very

regular, parallel, brown hyphae. Conidiogenous cells arising from synnemata

with apical fertile portion bent outwards, and also arising from undifferentiated

hyphae at approximately right angle. Conidiogenous cells smooth, slightly

thick-walled, pale brown near base, subhyaline towards apex, more or less

cylindrical, usually about 15-25 um long, 2-3 um wide, with conspicuous,

Phaeoisaria sedimenticola sp. nov. (China) ... 21

Fra. 2 Phaeoisaria sedimenticola (holotype, OUCMBIII, 1039). a. Colony on PDA; b-c. Synnemata;

d, f-h. Conidiogenous cells with denticles; e. 0-1-septate conidia. Scale bars: b, c = 100 um;

d, e = 10 um; f-h = 2 um.

O iawe Cheng, Li, & Zhang

cylindrical denticles 0.5-1 um long, occurring scattered or clustered in the

apical region. Conidia smooth-walled, hyaline, with a pointed base, usually

aseptate when attached to the conidiogenous cells, 0-1-septate after release;

aseptate conidia, obovoid to ellipsoidal, (3.5-)4.5-5.5(-7.5) x (2.5-)3-4(-4.5)

um (mean + s.d. = 5.0 + 0.8 x 3.3 + 0.4 um); 1-septate conidia, obovoid, slightly

constricted at septum, (4.5-)5.5-6.5(-9) x (2—)2.5-3.5(-4.5) um (mean + s.d.

=6.2+1.0 x 3.1 +0.6 um).

Discussion

Phaeoisaria sedimenticola is assigned to Phaeoisaria based on its typical

indeterminate synnemata (Fic. 2b,c) with monomitic parallel stipe (Seifert

& Okada 1990). Some synnematous hyphomycete genera, such as Chryseidea

Onofri, Dokmaia, Drumopama Subram., Geniculisynnema, Harpographium

Sacc., Nodulisporium Preuss, and Phialophaeoisaria Matsush. morphologically

resemble Phaeoisaria, producing indeterminate synnemata, sympodial

conidiogenous cells, and dry, usually aseptate, conidia (Seifert et al. 2011). They

can be clearly separated from Phaeoisaria by their morphology. Chryseidea,

Dokmaia, and Phialophaeoisaria differ from Phaeoisaria by their conidiogenous

cells. Chryseidea and Dokmaia produce ampulliform (rather than cylindrical or

clavate) conidiogenous cells (Promputtha et al. 2003; Onofri et al. 1981), whereas

Phialophaeoisaria has phialidic or polyphialidic conidiogenesis (Matsushima

1995). Drumopama and Harpographium differ from Phaeoisaria by producing

citriform (Drumopama) and fusiform to falcate (Harpographium) conidia

(Seifert et al. 2011). Geniculisynnema is distinguished by antler-like synnemata

and dichotomously branching conidiophores (Okane & Nakagiri 2007). The

distinction between synnematous asexual stages of Xylaria (formerly classified

in Nodulisporium) and Phaeoisaria is based on apically aggregated scars and

rhexolytic conidial secession.

The taxonomic significance of the presence of synnemata must be

evaluated on a case-by-case basis (Seifert & Okada 1990). Genera such as

Pleurothecium Hohn. (anamorphic Carpoligna), Ramichloridium Stahel ex

de Hoog, Rhinocladiella Nannf., and Sporothrix Hektoen & C.F. Perkins have

denticulate sympodial conidiogenous cells (similar to Phaeoisaria species)

but do not produce synnemata. Phaeoisaria sedimenticola was confused with

Pleurothecium in early stages of cultivation, before synnemata appeared. In fact,

Pleurothecium species typically have distinctive recurved sporogenous cells,

with the production of successive conidia, i.e., “helicoid cyme” (Goos 1969).

Ramichloridium and Rhinocladiella are distinguished by minute denticles on

conidiogenous cells and also lack conidioma (Arzanlou et al. 2007). Some

species of Sporothrix also resemble Phaeoisaria, but differ in cottony colonies

and the absence of pigmentation from the fertile hyphae (de Hoog & Papendorf

Phaeoisaria sedimenticola sp. nov. (China) ... 23

1976). The morphological distinctions among all of these genera are also well

supported by LSU rDNA sequence analyses. Phaeoisaria sedimenticola can be

easily distinguished from previously described species of Phaeoisaria by its

morphology. In comparison with P sedimenticola, P. clematidis differs by its

aseptate conidia, (4.5-)6-8(-10) x 1.5-4 um (de Hoog & Papendorf 1976);

P. magnifica differs by its very pale olivaceous, aseptate conidia, 5-6.5 x 4-4.5

um (Deighton 1974); and P uniseptata differs by its fusiform, elliptical to

cylindrical conidia, usually 1-septate, 3.6-10.2 x 1.6-3.4 um (Mercado 1984).

Acknowledgments

Sincere thanks to Dr. Keith Seifert and Dr. Guo-zhu Zhao (Beijing Forestry

University) for providing presubmission reviews. This study was supported by the

National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project No. 31100010) and the Open

Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese

Academy of Sciences.

Literature cited

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morphotaxonomic revision of Ramichloridium and allied genera. Stud. Mycol. 58: 57-93.

http://dx.doi.org/10.3114/sim.2007.58.03

Cheng XL, Sun KM, Li W, Zhang TY, Li CL. 2011. A new species of Hansfordia isolated from the

marine brown alga, Colpomenia sinuosa. Mycotaxon 116: 431-436.

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/116.431

de Hoog GS, Papendorf MC. 1976. The genus Phaeoisaria. Persoonia 8: 407-414.

Deighton FC. 1974. Four synnematous hyphomycetes. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 62: 234-252. http://

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Mercado SA, 1984. Nuevas especies de Deightoniella, Phaeoisaria, Sporidesmium y Taeniolella

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24 ... Cheng, Li, & Zhang

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99-103.

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MY COTAXON

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/127.25

Volume 127, pp. 25-31 January-March 2014

Three new species of Septobasidium from Yunnan and Guangxi

in China

WEI Li”? & LIN Guo'*

'State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,

Beijing 100101, China

*University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

CORRESPONDENCE TO *: guol@im.ac.cn

ABSTRACT — Three new species are described: Septobasidium brunneum on Eurya sp.

associated with Chionaspis sp., Septobasidium guangxiense associated with Pseudaulacaspis

sp., and Septobasidium transversum associated with tribe Lepidosaphidini. They were collected

from Yunnan Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in China.

Key worps — Pucciniomycetes, Septobasidiales, Septobasidiaceae, taxonomy

Previously, 26 species of Septobasidium have been recorded in Yunnan and

Guangxi of China. An additional three new species of Septobasidium, collected

from these regions, are described as follows:

Septobasidium brunneum Wei Li bis & L. Guo, sp. nov. Figs 1-7

FUNGAL NAME EN 570073

Differs from Septobasidium thwaitesii by its thinner section, smaller basidia, and absence

of a horizontal section layer.

Type: China, Yunnan, Dali, Cangshan, on Eurya sp. (Pentaphylacaceae), associated with

Chionaspis sp. (Diaspididae), 11.V1II.2011, F He YN45 (HMAS 243152, holotype).

Erymo.oey: The epithet refers to the surface color of basidiomata.

Basidiomata on branches, resupinate, 7-9 cm long, 2-3 cm wide, dark brown

or purple-brown; surface with many cracks, frequently extending out to

form lateral margins in old stage, margin indeterminate. In section 350-700

um thick. Subiculum brown, 30-50 um thick. Pillars brown, 50-80 um high,

80-150 um wide. Hyphal layer brown, 150-220 um high. Hymenium brown,

70-100 um thick. The hyphae renew grown to form successive hyphal layers

and hymenium from hymenial layer in old stage. Probasidia pyriform or

Septobasidium spp. nov. (China) ... 27

| 1

0 um

Fic 1. Septobasidium brunneum (HMAS 243152, holotype). Basidia.

subglobose, 10-15 x 7-9 um, persistent. Basidia cylindrical, curved or straight,

4-celled, 20-30 x 4-6 um, brown. Basidiospores not seen. Haustoria consisting

of irregularly coiled hyphae.

ComMENTs: Septobasidium brunneum is similar to S. thwaitesii (Berk. & Broome)

Pat., which differs by having a thicker section (270-1500 um), two distinct

horizontal layers, and larger basidia (37-46 x 12-13.5 um; Couch 1938).

Septobasidium guangxiense Wei Li bis & L. Guo, sp. nov. Fics 8-11

FUNGAL NAME FEN 570074

Differs from Septobasidium ligustri by its numerous fissures on the basidiome surface, its

larger basidia, and its horizontal section layer.

Type: China, Guangxi, Wuming, Damingshan Scenic Area, alt. 700 m, on unidentified

plant, associated with Pseudaulacaspis sp. (Diaspididae), 29.VIII.2011, W. Li & S.H. He

1519 (HMAS 244542, holotype).

Erymo oey: The epithet refers to the type locality, Guangxi.

Basidiomata on branches, resupinate, 40-50 cm long, 6-7 cm wide, yellowish

brown or brown; surface with numerous fissures at maturity; margin

determinate. In section 200-500 um thick. Subiculum brown, 30-70 um thick.

Pillars brown, 70-100 um high, 50-80 um wide, forming a horizontal layer

20-40 um thick on the top of pillars. Hyphal layer brown, 150-250 um thick.

Fics 2-7. Septobasidium brunneum (HMAS 243152, holotype). 2. Basidiomata on branches;

3-4. Sections of basidiomata; 5-6. Basidia (arrows); 7. Haustoria.

28 ... Li & Guo

10 um

Fic 8. Septobasidium guangxiense (HMAS 244542, holotype). Basidia.

Hymenium brown, 50-100 um thick, with irregularly arranged hyphae. Basidia

arising directly from the hyphae without a probasidial cell, cylindrical, straight

or curved, 4-celled, 27-38 x 5-10 um, hyaline or brownish. Basidiospores not

seen. Haustoria not seen.

ComMENTSs: Septobasidium guangxiense is similar to S. ligustri C.X. Lu & L.

Guo, which differs by having fewer fissures on the basidiome surface, lacking a

horizontal section layer, and having smaller basidia (15-29 x 5-7.5 um; Lu &

Guo 2010c).

Septobasidium transversum Wei Li bis & L. Guo, sp. nov. Figs 12-15

FUNGAL NAME EN 570075

Differs from Septobasidium pittospori by its transverse layer at the pillar bases.

Type: China, Guangxi, Longzhou, Nonggang Natural Reserve, alt. 400 m, on unidentified

plant, associated with tribe Lepidosaphidini (Diaspididae), 21.V1I.2012, S.H. He GX02

(HMAS 244429, holotype).

Erymo.oey: The epithet refers to the transverse layer running below the pillars in

section.

Basidiomata on branches, resupinate, 14-28 cm long, 4-6 cm wide, pale

cinnamon-brown, cinnamon-brown or brown; surface smooth, peeling off at

Fics 9-11. Septobasidium guangxiense (HMAS 244542, holotype). 9. Basidiomata on branches;

10. Section of basidioma; 11. Basidium (arrow). Fics 12-14. Septobasidium transversum (HMAS

244429, holotype). 12. Basidiomata on branches; 13. Section of basidioma; 14. Basidia.

Septobasidium spp. nov. (China) ... 29

30 ... Li & Guo

"10 pum

Fic 15. Septobasidium transversum (HMAS 244429, holotype). Basidia.

maturity, emerging pillars; margin determinate or indeterminate. In section

800-1200 um thick. Subiculum brown, 30-100 um thick. Pillars brown,

300-730 um high, 50-190 um wide, forming a transverse layer 20-60 um thick

at the pillar bases. Hyphal layer brown, 150-250 um thick. Hymenium hyaline

or brown, 70-120 um thick. Basidia arising directly from the hyphae without

a probasidial cell, cylindrical, straight or curved, 4-celled, 42-60 x 9-12 um,

hyaline or brown. Sterigmata conical, hyaline or brown. Basidiospores not

seen. Haustoria consisting of irregularly coiled hyphae.

ComMENTs: Septobasidium transversum is similar to S. pittospori C.X. Lu &

L. Guo, which differs by having shorter pillars (190-290 um), thicker hyphal

layer (340-580 tm) in the section, and without a transverse layer at the base of

pillars (Lu & Guo 2011).

Including the three new species reported in this paper, 57 Septobasidium species

have now been reported in China (Sawada 1933, Couch 1938, Teng 1963, Tai

1979, Kirschner & Chen 2007, Lu & Guo 2009a,b,c, 2010a,b,c, 2011, Lu et al.

2010, Chen & Guo 201 1a,b,c, 2012a,b,c, Li & Guo 2013a,b, Li et al. 2013).

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to express their deep thanks to Drs. Eric H.C. McKenzie

(Auckland, New Zealand) and Shuanghui He (Beijing Forestry University) for serving

as pre-submission reviewers, to Dr. Shaun Pennycook (Auckland, New Zealand) for

nomenclatural review, to Dr. Shuanghui He and Mr. Fan He for collecting specimens,

to Mr. Ziyu Cao (Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences) for identifying the

Septobasidium spp. nov. (China) ... 31

host plant, to Prof. Sanan Wu (Beijing Forestry University) for identifying the scale

insects, and to Mrs. Xiangfei Zhu for inking in line drawings. This study was supported

by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30670005).

Literature cited

Chen SZ, Guo L. 2011la. Septobasidium sichuanense sp. nov. (Septobasidiaceae) from China.

Mycotaxon 115: 481-484. http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/115.481

Chen SZ, Guo L. 2011b. Septobasidium atalantiae sp. nov. (Septobasidiaceae) and S. henningsii new

to China. Mycotaxon 117: 291-296. http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/117.291

Chen SZ, Guo L. 201 1c. Septobasidium glycosmidis and S. albiziae spp. nov. (Septobasidiaceae) from

Hainan Province. Mycosystema 30: 861-864.

Chen SZ, Guo L. 2012a. Three new species and three new Chinese records of Septobasidium

(Septobasidiaceae). Mycosystema 31: 651-655.

Chen SZ, Guo L. 2012b. Three new species of Septobasidium (Septobasidiaceae) from Hainan

Province in China. Mycotaxon 120: 269-276. http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/120.269

Chen SZ, Guo L. 2012c. Septobasidium saurauiae sp. nov. (Septobasidiaceae) and S.

pseudopedicellatum new to China. Mycotaxon 118: 283-288. http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/118.283

Chen SZ, Guo L. 2013. Three new species of Septobasidium (Septobasidiaceae) from southern and

southwestern China. Mycotaxon 121: 375-383. http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/121.375

Couch JN. 1938. The genus Septobasidium. Univ. of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill. 480 p.

Kirschner R, Chen CJ. 2007. New reports of two hypophyllous Septobasidium species from Taiwan.

Fung. Sci. 22(1,2): 39-46.

Li W, Guo L. 2013a. Two new species of Septobasidium (Septobasidiaceae) from Yunnan Province

in China. Mycotaxon 125: 91-96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/125.91

Li W, Guo L. 2013b. Septobasidium diaspidioti sp. nov. from Anhui Province. J. Fung. Res. 11(4):

239-141.

Li W, Chen SZ, Guo L, Ye YQ. 2013. Septobasidium hoveniae sp. nov. and S. rhabarbarinum new to

China. Mycotaxon 125: 97-101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/125.97

Lu CX, Guo L. 2009a. Septobasidium maesae sp. nov. (Septobasidiaceae) from China. Mycotaxon

109: 103-106. http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/109.103

Lu CX, Guo L. 2009b. Two new species of Septobasidium (Septobasidiaceae) from China. Mycotaxon

109: 477-482. http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/109.477

Lu CX, Guo L. 2009c. Septobasidium annulatum sp. nov. (Septobasidiaceae) and Septobasidium

kameii new to China. Mycotaxon 110: 239-245. http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/110.239

Lu CX, Guo L. 2010a. Three new species of Septobasidium (Septobasidiaceae) from Gaoligong

Mountains in China. Mycotaxon 112: 143-151. http://dx.doi-org/10.5248/112.143

Lu CX, Guo L. 2010b. Two new species of Septobasidium (Septobasidiaceae) and S. pallidum new to

China. Mycotaxon 113: 87-93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/113.87

Lu CX, Guo L. 2010c. Two new species of Septobasidium (Septobasidiaceae) from Hainan province

in China. Mycotaxon 114: 217-223. http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/114.217

Lu CX, Guo L. 2011. Two new species of Septobasidium (Septobasidiaceae) from Gaoligong

Mountains in China. Mycotaxon 116: 395-400. http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/116.395

Lu CX, Guo L, Wei JG, Li JB. 2010. Two new species of Septobasidium (Septobasidiaceae) from

southern China. Mycotaxon 111: 269-274. http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/111.269

Sawada K. 1933. Descriptive catalogue of the Formosan fungi. Part VI. Rep. Dept. Agric. Govt. Res.

Inst. Formosa 61: 1-99.

Tai FL. 1979. Sylloge Fungorum Sinicorum. Science Press, Beijing. 1527 p.

Teng SC. 1963. Fungi of China. Science Press, Beijing. 808 p.

MY COTAXON

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/127.33

Volume 127, pp. 33-37 January-March 2014

Conidial fungi from the semiarid Caatinga biome of Brazil:

a new species of Pseudoacrodictys

PATRICIA OLIVEIRA F1uzA’, Luis FERNANDO PASCHOLATI GUSMAO™,

ALISSON CARDOSO RODRIGUES DA CRUZ’, & RAFAEL F. CASTANEDA-RUIZ’

‘Departamento de Ciéncias Biologicas, Laboratorio de Micologia, Universidade Estadual

de Feira de Santana, BR116 KM03, 44031-460, Feira de Santana, Brazil

?Instituto de Investigaciones Fundamentales en Agricultura Tropical Alejandro de Humboldt’

(INIFAT), Académico Titular de la Academia de Ciencias de Cuba, Calle 1 Esq. 2,

Santiago de Las Vegas, C. Habana, Cuba, C.P. 17200

*CORRESPONDENCE TO: lgusmao@uefs.br

ABSTRACT — Pseudoacrodictys magnicornuata sp. nov., collected on decaying twigs in

the semiarid region northeastern Brazil, is described and illustrated. It is distinguished by

turbinate, sub-napiform, subglobose to irregular, dictyoseptate, golden brown, brown to

dark brown conidia with 7-35 corniform cellular appendages that are 1-2(-4) circinate and

arranged around the conidial margin or apex.

KEY worps — asexual fungi, taxonomy, Acrodictys-like

Introduction

Baker & Morgan-Jones (2003) introduced the genus Pseudoacrodictys for

seven species previously described under a broad generic concept of Acrodictys.

These are distinguished from Acrodictys by more commonly indeterminate,

cylindrical, doliiform to subulate enteroblastic percurrent elongations of the

conidiogenous cells and schizolytic conidial secession; they produce conidia

that are holoblastic, solitary, acrogenous, subglobose to broadly pyriform to

turbinate or irregular, obscurely dictyoseptate and bear one to several (a)septate,

somewhat hypha-like, straight, undulate, involute to uncinate cellular

appendages. Four other species have also been described: P dimorphospora

Somrith. & E.B.G. Jones, P. aquatica R.FE. Castafieda et al., P. fici Y.D. Zhang

& X.G. Zhang, and P. steviae Rashm. Dubey & A.K. Pandey bis (Castaneda

Ruiz et al. 2010, Dubey & Pandey 2012, Somrithipol & Jones 2003, Zhang et

al. 2011). Recently an interesting Pseudoacrodictys specimen from Brazil,

34 ... Fiuza & al.

A B

Fic. 1. Pseudoacrodictys magnicornuata (ex HUEFS 194255). A-B. Conidiophores and

conidiogenous cells. C. Conidiogenous cell and conidium. D. Conidia. Scale bars: A-B = 10 um;

C-D = 20 um.

morphologically distinct from all previously described species, has been

discovered and is here described as new.

During several July 2007—May 2009 expeditions through “Serra da Jibdia”

in the semiarid region northeastern Brazil, samples of lignified plant debris

were collected, taken to the laboratory, and treated according to Castafieda

Pseudoacrodictys magnicornuata sp. nov. (Brazil) ... 35

Fic. 2. Pseudoacrodictys magnicornuata (ex HUEFS 194255).

A. Conidiophore. B-E. Conidia. Scale bars: A = 15 um; B-D = 20 um.

36 ... Fiuza & al.

Ruiz (2005). Mounts were prepared in PVL (polyvinyl alcohol, lactic acid, and

phenol) and measurements made at a magnification of x1000. Micrographs

were obtained with an Olympus microscope (model BX51) with bright field

and Nomarski interference optics. The type specimen of the new species is

deposited in the Herbarium of “Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana”

(HUEES).

Taxonomy

Pseudoacrodictys magnicornuata Fiuza, Gusmao & R.F. Castafieda, sp. nov.

PLATE, 1,2

MycoBank MB805080

Differs from other Pseudoacrodictys species by its multi-appendiculate conidia with

corniform, circinate, cellular appendages arising around the margin or towards the apex

of the conidium.

Type: Brazil, Bahia, Santa Terezinha, Serra da Jibdia, 12°51’23.1’’S 39°28’ 33’’W, on

decaying twigs, 11-V-2009, coll. P.O. Fiuza- (Holotype: HUEFS 194255).

ErymMo_oey: Latin, magni- meaning major, large + -cornuata for the coiled or circinate

horn-shaped cellular conidial appendages.

Cotonigzs on the natural substratum effuse, brown to black. Mycelium

mostly immersed. CoNIDIOPHORES distinct, single, erect, straight or flexuous,

unbranched, 3-5-septate, smooth, dark brown to black. CoNIDIOGENOUS

CELLS monoblastic, integrated, indeterminate, with 3-5 subulate enteroblastic

percurrent elongations, smooth, dark brown. Conidial secession schizolytic.

ConipiA solitary, turbinate, sub-napiform, subglobose to irregular, finely

ruminate dictyoseptate, golden brown, brown to dark brown, 50-87 x

50-67 um, multi-appendaged, with 9-35 cellular appendage, corniform, 1-2

(-4)-times coiled or circinate, each appendage 1-4-septate, brown to pale

brown, 18-50 x 4.0-7.5 um, scattered around the margin or towards the apex

of the conidium.

Note: The conidial appendages of Pseudoacrodictys magnicornuata are unique

among Pseudoacrodictys species (TABLE 1) in being circinate.

Acknowledgments

The authors express their sincere gratitude to Dr. De-Wei Li and Prof. Dr. Bryce

Kendrick for their critical review of the manuscript. They are grateful to the “Fundacao

de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia (FAPESB)” for financial support and the

“Programa de Pds-graduacao em Botanica - PPGBot/UEFS” and also acknowledge

support provided by “Programa Ciéncia sem Fronteiras” (proc. 452967/2013-9). RFCR

is grateful to Cuban Ministry of Agriculture and “Programa de Salud Animal y Vegetal,”

project P131LH003033 Cuban Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment

for facilities. LFPG is grateful to CNPq (proc. 305413/2011-2). We acknowledge the

Pseudoacrodictys magnicornuata sp. nov. (Brazil) ... 37

TABLE 1. Pseudoacrodictys species with appendaged conidia

CONIDIAL SHAPE CONIDIAL SIZE APPENDAGES

SPECIES

(um) NUMBER LENGTH SHAPE

P. appendiculata Pyriform 27-45 x 22-30 2-3 56 um Subulate

to turbinate

P. corniculata Globose, subglobose to 19-35 x 17-30 3-4 8-20 pm Subulate

broadly pyriform and curved

P eickeri Pyriform to turbinate 28-64 x 22-42 3-4 7-12 um Cylindrical

P fici Subglobose, 35-52 x 22-44 2-4 30-70 um ~— Cylindrical

sometimes lobed

P. magnicornuata Turbinate, 50-87 x 50-67 9-35 18-50 um Circinate

sub-napiform,

subglobose,

or irregular

P. viridescens Globose, subglobose to 62-80 x 40-60 4-6 8-20 pm Cylindrical

broadly pyriform

assistance provided by Dr. P.M. Kirk and Drs. V. Robert and G. Stegehuis through the

IndexFungorum and Mycobank websites. Dr. Lorelei L. Norvell’s editorial and Dr.

Shaun Pennycook’s nomenclatural reviews are greatly appreciated.

Literature cited

Baker WA, Morgan-Jones G. 2003. Notes on hyphomycetes. XCI. Pseudoacrodictys, a novel genus

for seven taxa formerly placed in Acrodictys. Mycotaxon 85: 371-391.

Castaneda Ruiz RF. 2005. Metodologia en el estudio de los hongos anamorfos. Anais do V

Congresso Latino Americano de Micologia. Brasilia: 182-183.

Castaneda Ruiz RF, Heredia Abarca G, Arias Mota RM, Stadler M, Saikawa M, Minter DW. 2010.

Anaselenosporella sylvatica gen. & sp. nov. and Pseudoacrodictys aquatica sp. nov., two new

anamorphic fungi from Mexico. Mycotaxon 112: 65-74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/112.65

Dubey R, Pandey AK. 2012. Pseudoacrodictys steviae —- a new generic and species record for India.

Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology 42(2): 251-253.

Somrithipol S, Jones EBG. 2003. Pseudoacrodictys dimorphospora sp. nov., a new graminicolous

hyphomycete from Thailand. Sydowia 55(2): 365-371.

Zhang YD, Ma J, Wang Y, Ma LG, Castafieda Ruiz RF, Zhang XG. 2011. New species and

record of Pseudoacrodictys from southern China. Mycological Progress 10: 261-265.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11557-010-0696-z

MY COTAXON

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/127.39

Volume 127, pp. 39-45 January-March 2014

Two new microfungi from Brazilian Amazon Forest:

Atrogeniculata submersa and Nigrolentilocus amazonicus

JOSIANE SANTANA MONTEIRO’, Luis FERNANDO PASCHOLATI GUSMAO?*

& RAFAEL E CASTANEDA-RUIZ?

‘Departamento de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-420, Recife, Brazil

*Departamento de Ciéncias Biologicas, Laboratorio de Micologia, Universidade Estadual

de Feira de Santana, BR116 KMO3, 44031-460, Feira de Santana, Brazil

*Instituto de Investigaciones Fundamentales en Agricultura Tropical Alejandro de Humboldt’

(INIFAT), Académico Titular de la Academia de Ciencias de Cuba,

Calle 1 Esq. 2, Santiago de Las Vegas, C. Habana, Cuba, C.P. 17200

*CORRESPONDENCE TO: lgusmao@uefs. br

ABSTRACT — Atrogeniculata submersa gen. & sp. nov. and Nigrolentilocus amazonicus sp.

nov., collected on the submerged decaying leaves of an unidentified plant, are described

and illustrated. Atrogeniculata submersa is distinguished by macronematous geniculate

conidiophores, mono- and polyphialidic integrated indeterminate conidiogenous cells, and

solitary aseptate globose pyriform to broadly ellipsoid conidia that are at first subhyaline

but mature to reddish-brown to dark brown and secede schizolytically on a collarette.

Nigrolentilocus amazonicus is characterized by solitary acropleurogenous obclavate conidia

that are 2-septate and brown below and subhyaline to pale brown at the apex.

KEY worps — asexual fungi, systematics, tropical fungi

Introduction

Saprobic dematiaceous hyphomycetes are highly diverse on plant material

in tropical forests and semi-arid regions, where many new genera or species

have recently been discovered (e.g., Almeida et al. 2013, Castaneda Ruiz et

al. 2009, 2012, Cruz et al. 2012, Ma et al. 2011, Monteiro & Gusmao 2013,

Ren et al. 2012, Silva & Gusmao, 2013, Zhang et al. 2009, 2011). Taking into

account its highly variable geographical and physical conditions, the Brazilian

Amazon is considered an important reservoir of biodiversity. However, its

mycobiota, especially of microfungi, is poorly known. During a mycological

survey of fungi associated with submerged litter at Brazilian Amazon forest,

AO ... Monteiro, Gusmao & Castafeda-Ruiz

two interesting fungi were collected from submerged leaves in a stream. One

showed remarkable differences from all previously described hyphomycete

genera (Seifert et al. 2011) and the other from all Nigrolentilocus species

(Castaneda-Ruiz et al. 2001). The two fungi are therefore described here as new.

Materials & methods

Samples of submerged litter were placed in paper and plastic bags, taken to the

laboratory, and prepared according to Castafieda-Ruiz (2005). Mounts were prepared

in PVL (polyvinyl alcohol, lactic acid, and phenol) and measurements were made at a

magnification of x1000. Micrographs were obtained with an Olympus BX51 microscope

equipped with bright field and Nomarski interference optics. The type specimen is

deposited in the Herbarium of Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (HUEFS).

Taxonomy

Atrogeniculata J.S. Monteiro, Gusmao & R.E. Castafieda, gen. nov.

MycoBank MB805084

Differs from Phialogeniculata by its reddish-brown to dark conidia, from

Phaeohiratsukaea by its solitary conidia that lack a longitudinal germ slit, and from

Craspedodidymum by its intercalary sympodially elongated conidiogenous cells.

TyPE SPECIES: Atrogeniculata submersa J.S. Monteiro et al.

EryMo_oey: Atro-, referred to the dark conidial pigmentation + -geniculata, referring

to the bent conidiophores.

Asexual fungi. CoLonizs on the natural substratum, hairy, golden

brown to brown. Mycelium superficial and immersed. CONIDIOPHORES

macronematous, mononematous, erect, geniculate, septate, brown to dark

brown. CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS monophialidic or polyphialidic, integrated,

indeterminate, intercalary and terminal, with a conspicuous collarette. Conidial

secession schizolytic. Conrp1A solitary, acropleurogenous, aseptate, ellipsoid,

ovoid, globose to oblong, first hyaline, later brown, reddish brown to black,

smooth or verruculose.

Note: Atrogeniculata superficially resembles Phialogeniculata Matsush., but

Phialogeniculata has hyaline conidia that aggregate in white mucous masses

(Matsushima 1971, 1993, Hyde et al. 1998). Atrogeniculata also resembles

Phaeohiratsukaea Udagawa & Iwatsu, but Phaeohiratsukaea has pale brown

or brown basocatenulate conidia with a conspicuous longitudinal germ

slit (Udagawa & Iwatsu, 1990). Craspedodidymum Hol.-Jech. (Holubova-

Jechova 1972, Yanna et al. 2000) and Atrogeniculata have a similar conidial

ontogeny with the conidia produced through funnel-shaped collarettes, but in

Craspedodidymum the conidiogenous cells are apical and not intercalary.

Atrogeniculata gen, & sp. nov and Nigrolentilocus sp. nov. (Brazil) ... 41

Fic. 1. Atrogeniculata submersa (HUEFS 196428). A. Conidia. B. Conidiophores.

C-L Conidiogenous cells, collarettes, and young conidia. Scale bars: A, C-L = 10 um;

B = 20 um.

42 ... Monteiro, Gusmao & Castahteda-Ruiz

Atrogeniculata submersa J.S. Monteiro, Gusmao & R.E. Castafieda, sp.nov. Fic. 1

MycoBank MB805085

Differs from Phialogeniculata species by having brown to reddish brown, aseptate

conidia and from Phaeohiratsukaea expansa by its solitary conidia without longitudinal

germ slit.

Type: Brazil, Para State, Belém, Parque Estadual do Utinga, 1°25’S 48°27’W, on

submerged decaying leaves of an unidentified plant in a stream, 28 October 2011, coll.

J.S. Monteiro (Holotype: HUEFS 196428).

ErymMo_oey: Latin, submersa, meaning submerged, growing under water.

CoLonizs on the natural substratum, hairy, epiphyllous, golden brown to

brown. Mycelium superficial and immersed, composed of septate, branched,

brown, smooth, 1-3 um diam hyphae. CoNmDIOPHORES macronematous,

mononematous, erect, geniculate, 7-15-septate, brown to golden brown,

smooth, 60-200 x 5-8 tm. CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS monophialidic, rarely

polyphialidic with sympodial extensions, sometimes with enteroblastic

percurrent elongations, integrated, indeterminate, intercalary and terminal,

brown to golden brown, 39-60 x 2.5-4.0 um, with several conspicuous funnel-

shaped or infundibuliform, 2-3 um diam, 2.0-3.5 um deep collarettes, more

or less at the middle of each intercalary conidiogenous cell and at the apex

of each terminal conidiogenous cell. Conidial secession schizolytic. CONIDIA

solitary, acropleurogenous, aseptate, ellipsoid, ovoid, globose to ellipsoid, but

frequently slightly apiculate, with inconspicuous hilum at the base, successively

produced, hyaline at first, brown to reddish brown after maturation, smooth,

10-12 x 7-9 um, dry.

Nigrolentilocus amazonicus J.S. Monteiro, Gusmao & R.F. Castafieda, sp. nov.

Fic. 2

MycoBank MB805086

Differs from all other Nigrolentilocus species by its 2-septate, obclavate to obpyriform

conidia.

Type: Brazil, Para State, Belém, Area de Preservacao Ambiental Ilha do Combu, 1°29’S

48°25’W, on submerged rotten leaves of unidentified plant in stream, 05.IV.2011, coll.

J.S. Monteiro (Holotype: HUEFS 196429).

ErymMo.oey: Latin, amazonicus, referring to the type locality.

Co.onigs on the natural substratum, effuse, hairy, amphigenous, dark brown

to black. Mycelium mostly immersed. Hyphae septate, branched, 1-2 um

diam., smooth, brown. CONIDIOPHORES macronematous, mononematous,

erect, straight, sometimes slightly sinuate towards the apex, unbranched,

5-10-septate, with several annellations, smooth, 50-150 x 5-8 um, brown

to dark brown at the base, brown towards the apex. CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS

Atrogeniculata gen, & sp. nov and Nigrolentilocus sp. nov. (Brazil) ... 43

B C D

Fic. 2. Nigrolentilocus amazonicus (HUEFS 196429). A. Conidiophore, conidiogenous

cells, and conidia. B—C. Conidiogenous cells. D. Conidia. Scale bar = 20 um.

polyblastic, terminal and intercalary, brown, 39-70 x 4-5 um, integrated,

indeterminate, with several sympodial elongations bearing conspicuous,

lenticular, black conidiogenous loci after enteroblastic percurrent elongations.

Conidial secession schizolytic. Conip1A solitary, obclavate to obpyriform,

obscure cicatrized at the base, obtuse at the apex, acropleurogenous, smooth,

dry, 2-septate, 15-20 x 6.0-6.5 um, with basal and central cells brown and

apical cell pale brown.

NOTE: Castaneda-Ruiz et al. (2001) established the genus Nigrolentilocus, with

N. africanus (B. Sutton) R.F. Castaneda & Heredia as type species to accommodate

one new species and four species previously treated in Pseudospiropes M.B.

Ellis and Helminthosporium Link. None of the five previously described

Nigrolentilocus species, which are easily differentiated from each other, is close

to or resembles N. amazonicus.

44 ... Monteiro, Gusmao & Castaheda-Ruiz

Acknowledgments

The authors express their sincere gratitude to Dr. Margarita Hernandez-Restrepo

and Dr. De-Wei Li for their critical review of the manuscript. The authors are grateful

to the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES)

for financial support and the “Programa de Pés-graduacao em Biologia de Fungos -

PPGBF/UFPE”. The authors acknowledge the support provided by “Programa Ciéncia

sem Fronteiras”. RFCR is grateful to the Cuban Ministry of Agriculture and “Programa

de Salud Animal y Vegetal” (project P131LH003033 Cuban Ministry of Science,

Technology and Environment) for facilities. We acknowledge the assistance provided

by Dr. P.M. Kirk and Drs. V. Robert and G. Stegehuis through the IndexFungorum

and Mycobank websites. Dr. Lorelei L. Norvell’s editorial and Dr. Shaun Pennycook’s

nomenclatural reviews are greatly appreciated.

Literature cited

Almeida DAC, Cruz ACR, Marques MFO, Gusmao LFP. 2013. Conidial fungi from semi-arid

Caatinga biome of Brazil. New and interesting Zanclospora species. Mycosphere 4(4): 684-692.

http://dx.doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/4/4/4

Castanieda-Ruiz RF. 2005. Metodologia en el estudio de los hongos anamorfos. 182-183, in: Anais

do V Congresso Latino Americano de Micologia. Brasilia.

Castafieda-Ruiz RF, Heredia G, Reyes M, Arias RM, Decock C. 2001. A revision of the genus

Pseudospiropes and some new taxa. Cryptogamie Mycologie 22: 3-18.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0181-1584(01)01057-0

Castafieda-Ruiz RF, Gusmao LFP, da Cruz RAC, Heredia Abarca G, Iturriaga T, Guarro J, Saikawa

M, Stadler M, Minter DW. 2009. Phaeocandelabrum, a new genus of anamorphic fungi to

accommodate Sopagraha elegans and two new species, Ph. callisporum and Ph. joseiturriagae.

Mycotaxon 109: 221-232. http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/109.221

Castafieda-Ruiz RF, Granados MM, Mardones M, Stadler M, Minter DW, Hernandez-Restrepo M,

Gené J, Guarro J. 2012. A microfungus from Costa Rica: Ticosynnema gen. nov. Mycotaxon 122:

255-259. http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/122.255

Cruz ACR, Gusmao LFP, Castafieda-Ruiz RF, Stadler M, Minter DW. 2012. Zelodactylaria,

an interesting new genus from semi-arid northeast Brazil. Mycotaxon 119: 241-248.

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/119.241

Holubova-Jechova V. 1972. Craspedodidymum, new genus of phialosporus hyphomycetes. Ceska

Mykologie 26: 70-73.

Hyde KD, Goh TK, Steinke TD. 1998. Fungi on submerged wood in the Palmiet River, Durban,

South Africa. South African Journal of Botany 64: 151-162.

Ma J, Wang Y, O’Neill NR, Zhang XG. 2011. A revision of the genus Lomaantha, with the description

of a new species. Mycologia 103(2): 407-410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3852/10-176

Matsushima T. 1971. Microfungi of the Solomon Islands and Papua-New Guinea. Nippon Printing

Publishing Co., Osaka.

Matsushima T. 1993. Matsushima mycological memoirs no. 7. Matsushima Fungus Collection,

Kobe, Japan.

Monteiro JS, Gusmao LFP. 2013. An emendation of Fusticeps and two new species from the

Brazilian Amazon Forest. Mycotaxon 123: 431-437. http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/123.431

Ren SC, Ma J, Ma LG, Zhang YD, Zhang XG. 2012. Sativumoides and Cladosporiopsis, two new

genera of hyphomycetes from China. Mycol. Progress 11: 443-448.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11557-011-0759-9

Atrogeniculata gen, & sp. nov and Nigrolentilocus sp. nov. (Brazil) ... 45

Seifert K, Morgan-Jones G, Gams W, Kendrick B. 2011. The genera of hyphomycetes. CBS

Biodiversity Series 9: 1-997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/003158511X617435

Silva SS, Gusmao LFP. 2013. Conidial fungi from the semi-arid Caatinga Biome of Brazil. A new

species of Dictyochaeta. Mycosphere 4(4): 701-705. h

http://dx.doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/4/4/6

Udagawa S, Iwatsu T. 1990. Phaeohiratsukaea expansa, a new genus and species of hyphomycetes.

Reports of the Tottori Mycological Institute 28: 151-157.

Yanna, Ho WH, Goh TK, Hyde KD. 2000. Craspedodidymum nigroseptatum sp. nov., a new

hyphomycete on palms from Brunei Darussalam. Mycol. Res. 104(9): 1146-1151.

Zhang K, Ma LG, Zhang XG. 2009. New species and records of Shrungabeeja from southern China.

Mycologia 101(4): 573-578. http://dx.doi.org/10.3852/09-006

Zhang YD, Ma J, Wang Y, Ma LG, Castafeda-Ruiz RE Zhang XG. 2011. New species

and record of Pseudoacrodictys from southern China. Mycol. Progress 10: 261-265.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11557-010-0696-z

MY COTAXON

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/127.47

Volume 127, pp. 47-49 January-March 2014

A new rust on Tragopogon from Rhodes, Greece

HALVOR B. GJZRUM | & KARE A. LYE”

‘Norwegian Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Research, Plant Health and Plant

Protection Division, previously Norwegian Plant Protection Institute (NPPI),

NO-1430 As, Norway

?Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management,

Hogskolevegen 12, PO Box 5003, NO-1432 As, Norway

*CORRESPONDENCE TO: kare.lye@nmbu.no

ABSTRACT — Puccinia rhodosensis sp. nov. is described on Tragopogon crocifolius from

Rhodes, Greece. It differs from all other rust species on Tragopogon in having teliospores with

completely smooth walls. SEM photos are provided for telia and teliospores.

Key worps — biodiversity, fungi, taxonomy, Uredinales

Introduction

When scrutinizing an old collection of phanerogams from Rhodes on a

Tragopogon specimen, we came across a Puccinia rust that did not correspond

with any Puccinia species recorded on this host genus. We therefore publish it

as a new species. SEM photos are provided for telia and teliospores.

Taxonomy

Puccinia rhodosensis Gjzrum, sp. nov. PLATES 1-2

MycoBAnk 805646

Differs from other Puccinia species on the genus Tragopogon by its smooth teliospores.

TyPeE: Greece, Rhodes, Lindos, on roadside, 36°05 35 N 28°05 26 E, on leaves and stems

of Tragopogon crocifolius L. (Asteraceae), 8 May 1990, K. A. Lye 15143 (holotype, NPPI;

isotype, O).

ErymMo.oey: from Latin Rhodus and Greek Rhodos; the adjective rhodosensis = from

Rhodes

Pycnia, aecia and uredinia not seen. Telia on leaves and stems, singular or in

small groups, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis, dark brown. Teliospores

mostly ellipsoid, slightly constricted at septum, 15-21 x (13-)15-19 um. Wall

48 ... Gjerum & Lye

1100 jum

Rhodos rust-1195.tif EHT=25.00k¥ IProbe= 20pA Mag= 215X Free WD = 6.0mm Chamber = 1.04e-003 Pa Signal A=SE1 Date :21 Jun 2013

PLATE 1. Puccinia rhodosensis (holotype).

Two telia filled with teliospores on stem of Tragopogon crocifolius.

Rhodos rust-1196.tif EHT=25.00k¥ [IProbe= 20pA Mag= 8.00KX FreeWD= 6.0mm Chamber = 9.41e-004 Pa SignalA=SE1 Date :21 Jun 2013

PLATE 2. Puccinia rhodosensis (holotype). Teliospore.

light brown, smooth, 1.5-2 um thick, pores with low papillae, upper pore

apical, lower pore depressed. Pedicel broken near the spore, hyaline. Parasitic

on stems and leaves of Tragopogon crocifolius L.

Puccinia rhodosensis sp. nov. (Greece) ... 49

Notes: Two other Puccinia rusts on the genus Tragopogon — P. hysterium

(F. Strauss) Rohl. (= Puccinia tragopogonis Corda) and P. hysterium subsp.

brachycyclica (E. Fisch.) T. Majewski — differ from P. rhodosensis by their

verrucose teliospores (Majewski 1979). Another Puccinia rust recorded on

Tragopogon, P. tranzscheliana I. E. Brezhnev, differs by producing only aecidia

on Tragopogon, with uredinia and telia on alternate Carex hosts (Brezhnev

1949).

Acknowledgements

We are indebted to Dr. Roger S. Peterson, Santa Fe, NM, USA and Prof. Halvor

Solheim, Norwegian forest and landscape institute, Norway for critically reading the

manuscript. The SEM photography was made possible through Elin @rmen at the

Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Microscopy Division, Norwegian

University of Life Sciences.

Literature cited

Brezhnev IE. 1949. De nova uredinearum specie. Notul. syst. Sect. cryptog. Inst. bot. Acad. Sci.

US.S.R. 6: 80-81.

Majewski T. 1979. Basidiomycetes, Uredinales II. Flora Polska 11. Polska Akademia Nauk, Warszawa

— Krakow.

MY COTAXON

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/127.51

Volume 127, pp. 51-57 January-March 2014

The lily magnolia powdery mildew Erysiphe magnifica

found in Slovakia

EMIiLIA ONDRUSKOVA, GABRIELA JUHASOVA, & KATARINA PASTIRCAKOVA*

Branch for Woody Plant Biology, Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences,

Akademicka 2, SK-94901 Nitra, Slovakia

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: uefezima@hotmail.com

ABSTRACT — Powdery mildew symptoms were observed on leaves of lily magnolia (Magnolia

liliiflora) in Slovakia. The causal fungus was identified as Erysiphe magnifica based on

the morphology of both anamorphic and teleomorphic stages. This is the first report of

E. magnifica on lily magnolia in Slovakia. A detailed description, illustrations, the host range,

and the distribution of this fungus are given.

Key worps — Magnoliaceae, Erysiphales, morphology

Introduction

The genus Magnolia L. is represented by around 100 species of deciduous

and evergreen trees or shrubs as well as countless cultivars and occurs naturally

throughout Asia, North America, and Central and South America (Horacek

2005). According to the last comprehensive survey of Magnolia in Slovakia

conducted in the early 1980s (Benéat 1982), the most commonly grown species

is Magnolia xsoulangeana Soul.-Bod. (M. denudata x M. liliiflora), while seven

other species — M. acuminata (L.) L., M. denudata Desr., M. kobus DC.,

M. liliiflora Desr., M. obovata Thunb., M. salicifolia (Siebold & Zucc.) Maxim.,

and M. tripetala (L.) L. — are rare in the country. Recently, these species have

become more abundant in Slovakia with plantings introduced to private

gardens and parks (Rehackova 2009).

Erysiphe magnifica, a common powdery mildew fungus occurring on

Magnolia spp. in North America and Asia (Braun 1987), has recently been

introduced to Europe. In Europe, this fungus has previously been recorded

from Germany and Switzerland (Braun et al. 2009), the Netherlands (Pijpers

2009), Italy (Maspero & Tantardini 2011), United Kingdom (Cook et al. 2011),

and Ukraine (Chumak et al. 2012). Wolcan & Murace (2009) also report

E. magnifica from South America.

52 ... Ondruskova, Juhasova, & Pastiréakova

Erysiphe magnifica is not included in the checklist of fungi of Slovakia (Lizon

& Bacigalova 1998) nor in the monograph of powdery mildews of Slovakia

(Paulech 1995). In 2008, a powdery mildew specimen on magnolia was

collected in Slovakia and identified as E. magnifica based on the morphological

characteristics of its anamorph and teleomorph. We describe and illustrate

this collection and compare E. magnifica with other powdery mildews on

magnolias.

Materials & methods

In 2008, lily magnolia leaves with symptoms of a powdery mildew disease were

collected in Beladice village, western Slovakia. Samples were examined under an Olympus

SZ61 stereomicroscope and Olympus BX51 compound microscope. Measurements

were made in distilled water using oil immersion, without any staining. The observed

morphological features were compared to previously published descriptions of the

species. The fungus was photographed using a digital camera Olympus E410 and Quick

Photo Micro (version 2.2) and Deep Focus 3.1 software. Representative material was

deposited in the mycological herbaria of Institute of Forest Ecology of SAS, Nitra,

Slovakia (NR) and Institute of Botany of SAS, Bratislava, Slovakia (SAV).

Taxonomy

Erysiphe magnifica (U. Braun) U. Braun & S. Takam., Schlechtendalia 4: 10, 2000.

PLATE 1

= Microsphaera magnifica U. Braun, Mycotaxon 16(2): 418, 1983.

Mycelium amphigenous, forming irregular white patches or effuse. Hyphae

septate, hyaline, irregularly branched. Appressoria solitary or in opposite pairs,

nippled-shaped to lobed. Conidiophores erect, 65-114 um long, arising mostly

centrally from top of the hyphal mother cell, foot cells straight, rarely curved at

the base, followed by 1-3 shorter cells producing conidia singly, Pseudoidium

type. Conidia solitary, hyaline, without fibrosin bodies, primary conidia

ellipsoid-ovoid, apex rounded, base subtruncate, secondary conidia doliiform,

both ends subtruncate, 22-38 x 13-18 um (I/w = 1.6-2.4); conidial germ tubes

subterminal, ending in a lobed appressorium. Chasmothecia scattered, globose,

dark brown to blackish, 95-145 um in diam., peridial cells conspicuous,

irregularly polygonal, 10-25(-30) um wide. Appendages hyaline, pale brownish

at the base, aseptate, more or less equatorial, 8-14 in number, straight to curve,

90-142 um long (i.e., 0.75-1.5 times as long as the chasmothecial diam.), and

7-15 um broad, apex 4-6 times regularly dichotomously branched, tips of

the ultimate branchlets recurved to uncinate. Asci 4-5 per chasmothecium,

59-81 x 40-54 um, broadly ellipsoid-obovoid, saccate, narrowed towards the

base, short stalked or sessile, containing 3-6 ascospores. Ascospores hyaline,

ellipsoid-ovoid, 24-34 x 13-22 um (1/w = 1.4-2.2).

Erysiphe magnifica on lily magnolia in Slovakia ... 53

ee ING

f= aa

PiaTE 1. Erysiphe magnifica (SAV K1768). a, b: Chasmothecia; c: Asci with ascospores; d: Apex

of appendage; e: Conidiophore; f: Primary conidia; g: Secondary conidia; h: Hyphal appressoria.

Scale bars: a, b = 50 um; c-h = 20 um.

54 ... Ondruskova, Juhasova, & Pastiréakova

SPECIMEN EXAMINED — SLOVAKIA. Nitra, Zlaté Moravce District, Beladice, Park

Hotel Tartuf, on leaves of Magnolia liliiflora, 27 Aug. 2008, leg. G. Juhasova (NR 5068,

SAV K1768).

Notes — The first conspicuous signs of M. liliiflora leaf damage by powdery

mildew disease were recorded in the park around Hotel Tartuf in Beladice in

late July 2002 (no specimen preserved). Subsequently the disease appeared

annually at that site. Upper leaf surfaces were lightly covered by a soft white

mycelium. In August 2008 we observed well developed mycelium with mature

chasmothecia. The dense grayish white mycelium mostly covered the entire leaf

blade surfaces. Almost all leaves of the shrubs were infected, and the heaviest

infections were seen at the bottom of the shrubs. Despite the heavy infection,

noticeable discoloration of host leaves was not observed.

This is the first record of E. magnifica from Slovakia. In TaBLE 1, we compare

the diagnostic morphological characteristics of our specimen with published

data from German, North American, and Korean collections of E. magnifica.

TABLE 1. Biometric characteristics of Erysiphe magnifica on Magnolia liliiflora

from Slovakia compared with previous descriptions

SLOVAKIA GERMANY USA KOREA

i i (Kirchner 2010) : (Glawe 2003) : (Shin 2000)

sper ten aaes 95-145 : 96-135(-144) | 75-156 ' 8-120

diam. (um) i i : i

Sere Rane age | grep ies tome cat cok ae

Number i 8-14 i 6-14 i Not given i 7-13

Length (multiple of =: 0.75-1.5 i 0.7-1.5 i Not given i 0.8-1.4

ua CHiasMrOEN CCAM OMN we wa crc teantvcatns Mtns tats on wens tome Meta eth tcc A ban aati Settee ora

ASCUS DIMENSIONS 59-81 x 53-67 Xx 47-63 x 44-60 x

e (GODS de. deena Ree Nee SAAN Uy BUAOTAEY Ny Ny aes SE

ASCOSPORES

Number per ascus i 3-6 i 2-6 i 3-6 i 4-6

Dimensions (tm) i 24-34% 13-22 : 23-33x13-15 : 21-27.5x12-17 } 22-28x 12-14

Pe en as 65-114 Not given : Not given 70-120

= DDC) we eed oe PR Ne, a he AMO! OE ei oS Bol ee

CONIDIA i 22-38 x i 25-31 x i 24-32.5 x i 27-38 x

Dimensions (tm) i 13-18 i 10-14 i 22165 : 13-16

Discussion

Five powdery mildew species — Erysiphe aquilegiae DC., E. bulbosa (U.

Braun) U. Braun & S. Takam., E. magnifica, E. magnoliae (Sawada) U. Braun &

S. Takam., Phyllactinia magnoliae Y.N. Yu & S.J. Han — have been reported as

occurring on Magnolia spp. (Braun & Cook 2012), of which three are placed in

Erysiphe sect. Microsphaera: E. bulbosa, E. magnifica, and E. magnoliae.

Erysiphe bulbosa differs from E. magnifica by the bulbous base of its

chasmothecial appendages, while E. magnoliae is distinguished by chasmothecial

Erysiphe magnifica on lily magnolia in Slovakia ... 55

appendages that are much longer relative to the chasmothecial diameter and

which have straight, pointed, or subclavate tips on their ultimate branchlets.

Moreover, E. magnifica is the only species of Erysiphe sect. Microsphaera

recorded from Europe on magnolias; E. bulbosa and E. magnoliae have been

recorded only from Asia (Amano 1986, Braun & Cook 2012, Kobayashi 2007).

TABLE 2 summarises literature records of magnolias hosting E. magnifica.

These records, from areas with climates ranging from subarctic (USA: Alaska)

to humid subtropical (Argentina), demonstrate that E. magnifica can live in

extremely different environments. Erysiphe magnifica has also been recorded

from a non-magnoliaceous host, Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. (Nelumbonaceae)

(Kirschner 2010).

TABLE 2. Global distribution of Magnolia species attacked by Erysiphe magnifica

GEOGRAPHIC REGION 2 MAGNOLIA TAXA REFERENCES

Japan kobus, liliiflora Nomura 1997

nan coisa ee Ad "Rebus: liifina, obovaigs RN ER

: : ovata, sieboldii

brea sc caaeee PER a UN eB acl Ay er ee canon Son a ge

an Sees ee ee PU oon cheeses nee iter ae che Dem es cs

pull wine Lats ae os OM sa end TE Pee See Aer ae ea

nor ae PAs ae one Lys rel

ees Hes aie ea mua ane ae a dhagta iste a ee toa Silesian bl basud hidtat eeiess

“Ges a ae com a sear Fae ee ee HERE ce EY Bow en Tae Re

i xloebneri, obovata, salicifolia, sieboldii,

: xsoulangeana, sprengeri, stellata,

i tripetala

UK xsoulangeana Cook et al. 2011

Canada xsoulangeana Elmhirst 2013

North EUSA : acuminata, grandiflora, liliiflora, Braun 1983, 1987; Amano 1986,

America} : xsoulangeana, stellata ? Saenz & Taylor 1999, Shin 2000,

: Glawe 2003

South Argentina liliiflora ? Wolcan & Murace 2009

America : :

Old Italian collections of the powdery mildews on Magnolia pumila

Andrews (= Magnolia liliifera (L.) Baill.) have been assigned to Erysiphe

polygoni DC. (Ciferri & Camera 1962) and Erysiphe communis (Wallr.) Schltdl.

(Amano 1986). The status of these records is unclear. The identity of a North

American record of Uncinula bivonae Lév. (nom. illegit., currently regarded

as a synonym of Erysiphe ulmi Castagne var. ulmi) on M. acuminata (Amano

1986) is likewise unclear, since material was not available for examination.

Microsphaera penicillata (Wallr.) Sacc., recorded from the USA on M. liliiflora

and M. stellata (Siebold & Zucc.) Maxim. by Ellett (1966), very probably refers

56 ... Ondruskova, Juhasova, & Pastir¢akova

to E. magnifica. Boesewinkel (1979) recorded Oidium sp. on Magnolia sp. in

New Zealand but did not provide a description. McKenzie & Dingley (1996)

also recorded only a powdery mildew anamorph of the Pseudoidium type

(described as Microsphaera sp.) on M. quinquepeta (Buchoz) Dandy in New

Zealand. We had no opportunity to examine the above collections to determine

whether any represents M. magnifica.

According to Braun (1987), E. magnifica is morphologically close to

E. ornata (U. Braun) U. Braun & S. Takam. var. ornata on Betula (Betulaceae)

and E. pseudopusilla U. Braun & S. Takam. on Euonymus (Celastraceae), but

their host preferences clearly differentiate these three species.

Acknowledgements

We thank Silvia M. Wolcan (National University of La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires,

Argentina) for information on the recently recorded collections from Argentina, and

Martin Pastircak (Plant Production Research Institute, PieStany, Slovakia) for photo

editing. The authors are also indebted to Uwe Braun (Martin Luther University, Halle,

Germany) and Levente Kiss (Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary) for

critical comments on the manuscript and for acting as peer-reviewers, and to Shaun

R. Pennycook (Landcare Research, Auckland, New Zealand) for nomenclatural review.

This study was supported by Slovak Research and Development Agency under the

contract No. APVV-0421-07.

Literature cited

Amano K. 1986. Host range and geographical distribution of the powdery mildew fungi. Tokyo,

Japan Scientific Societies Press.

Benéat F. 1982. Atlas of the distribution of exotic woody plants in Slovakia and zoning of their

cultivation. Bratislava, Veda.

Boesewinkel HJ. 1979. Erysiphaceae of New Zealand. Sydowia 32: 13-56.

Braun U. 1983. Descriptions of new species and combinations in Microsphaera and Erysiphe (III).

Mycotaxon 16(2): 417-424.

Braun U. 1987. A monograph of the Erysiphales (powdery mildews). Beih. Nova Hedwigia

89: 1-700.

Braun U, Ale-Agha N, Bolay A, Boyle H, Brielmaier-Liebetanz U, Emgenbroich D, Kruse J, Kummer

V. 2009. New records of powdery mildew fungi (Erysiphaceae). Schlechtendalia 19: 39-46.

Braun U, Cook RTA. 2012. Taxonomic manual of the Erysiphales (powdery mildews). CBS

Biodiversity Series 11: 1-707.

Cho WD, Shin HD. 2004. List of plant diseases in Korea. 4th edition. Suwon, Korean Society of

Plant Pathology.

Chumak P, Palagecha R, Kovalchuk V. 2012. Variability of the cleistothecia and distribution of

Erysiphe magnifica (U. Braun) U. Braun & S. Takam. on Magnolia L. plants in O.V. Fomin

Botanical Garden. Mod. Phytomorphol. 2: 95-97.

Ciferri R, Camera C. 1962. Tentativo di elencazione dei funghi italiani. I. Erisifali. Ist. Bot. Univ.

Pavia, Quad. 21: 1-46.

Cook RTA, Braun U, Beales PA. 2011. Development of appressoria on conidial germ tubes of

Erysiphe species. Mycoscience 52: 183-197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10267-010-0099-7

Erysiphe magnifica on lily magnolia in Slovakia ... 57

Ellett CW. 1966. Host range of the Erysiphaceae of Ohio. Ohio J. Sci. 66(6): 570-581.

Elmhirst J. 2013. Diseases diagnosed on commercial ornamental nursery crops in British Columbia

in 2012. Can. Plant Dis. Surv. 93: 18-32.

Glawe DA. 2003. First report of powdery mildew of Magnolia caused by Microsphaera

magnifica (Erysiphe magnifica) in the Pacific Northwest. Online. Plant Health Progress.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PHP-2003-0512-02-HN

Horacek P. 2005. Listnaté stromy v zahrade. Brno, CP Books.

Kirschner R. 2010. First record of Erysiphe magnifica on lotus, a host outside the Magnoliales.

Mycol. Prog. 9: 417-424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11557-009-0651-z

Kobayashi T. 2007. Index of fungi inhabiting woody plants in Japan. Host, distribution and

literature. Tokyo, Zenkoku-Noson-Kyoiku Kyokai Publishing Co.

Lizon P, Bacigalova K. 1998. Huby. Fungi. 101-227, in K Marhold, F Hindak (eds.), Checklist of

non-vascular and vascular plants of Slovakia. Bratislava, Veda.

Maspero M, Tantardini A. 2011. Attivita di monitoraggio di tingidi e malattie fungine di nuova

introduzione dannose per le produzioni tipiche di piante acidofile e ornamentali nella provincia

di Como. Vertemate con Minoprio, Fondazione Minoprio.

McKenzie EHC, Dingley JM. 1996. New plant disease records in New Zealand: miscellaneous

fungal pathogens III. New Zeal. J. Bot. 34: 263-272.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0028825X.1996.10410690

Nomura Y. 1997. Taxonomic study of Erysiphaceae of Japan. Tokyo, Yokendo Ltd.

Paulech C. 1995. Flora Slovenska X/1 Huby, Mucénatkotvaré (Erysiphales), Bratislava, Veda.

Pijpers H. 2009. Echte meeldauw: een verdieping. De Boomkwekerij 5: 8.

Rehackova T. 2009. Cudzokrajné druhy drevin v historickych parkoch Bratislavy. Bratislava, Cicero

$.1.0.

Saenz GS, Taylor JW. 1999. Phylogeny of the Erysiphales (powdery mildews) inferred

from internal transcribed spacer ribosomal DNA sequences. Can. J. Bot. 77: 150-168.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-77-1-150

Shin HD. 2000. Erysiphaceae of Korea. Suwon, Nat. Inst. Agric. Sci. Tech.

Wolcan S, Murace M. 2009. Dos nuevos oidios en arbustos ornamentales en la Argentina. 125-126,

in: XI Jornadas Nacionales de Floricultura. Montecarlo, Misiones, Argentina.

MY COTAXON

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/127.59

Volume 127, pp. 59-62 January-March 2014

Diplococcium variegatum, a new conidial fungus

from the semi-arid Caatinga biome of Brazil

SILVANA SANTOS DA SILVA’, ALISSON CARDOSO RODRIGUES DA CRUZ’,

Luis FERNANDO PASCHOLATI GUSMAO"*, & RAFAEL FE. CASTANEDA-RUuIZ?

"Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana,

Departamento de Ciéncias Biolégicas, Laboratério de Micologia,

Avenida Transnordestina, s/n, Novo Horizonte, 44036-900, Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil.

?Instituto de Investigaciones Fundamentales en Agricultura Tropical Alejandro de Humboldt’

(INIFAT), Académico Titular de la Academia de Ciencias de Cuba,

Calle 1 Esq. 2, Santiago de Las Vegas, C. Habana, Cuba, C.P. 17200

*CORRESPONDENCE TO: lgusmao@uefs. br

AsstRAct — Diplococcium variegatum sp. nov., found on a decaying leaf of an unidentified

plant, is described and illustrated. It is characterized by variegated pigmented structures and

limoniform to ovoid, 0-septate, pale brown, brown to dark brown conidia in acropetal chains.

Key worps — hyphomycetes, plant debris, taxonomy

Introduction

During surveys for conidial fungi on plant debris in a semi-arid region of

northeast Brazil, an interesting specimen of Diplococcium Grove was found.

The fungus clearly differs morphologically from all described species and is

therefore described as new.

Materials & methods

Expeditions to Serra da Jibdia, Bahia, Brazil were made every 3 months, from

October 2008 to April 2009. Samples of plant debris (twigs, bark, leaves, and petioles)

were collected in paper bags. In the laboratory the samples were placed in Petri dish

moist chambers and stored in a 170 L polystyrene box with 200 mL sterile water plus 2

mL glycerol at 25°C for 30 days (Castafieda-Ruiz 2005). During this period, the samples

were examined for the presence of conidial fungi. Slides were prepared in polyvinyl

alcohol plus lactic acid and phenol. Measurements were made at a magnification of

1000. Micrographs were obtained with an Olympus BX 51.

60 ... Silva & al.

Taxonomy

Diplococcium variegatum S.S. Silva, Gusmao & R.F. Castafieda, sp. nov. Fic. 1

MycoBank MB 805030

Differs from Diplococcium parcum by larger limoniform to ovoid conidia and the

variably colored conidiogenous cells.

Type: Brazil. Bahia State: Santa Teresinha, Serra da Jibdia, on decaying leaves of an

unidentified plant, 19.11.2009; coll. S.S. Silva. (Holotype: HUEFS 194254).

EryMo_oey: Latin, variegatum, referring to the variable coloration of the conidiogenous

cells and conidia.

CoLtonigs effuse, hairy, brown. Mycelium superficial and immersed in

substrate. CONIDIOPHORES macronematous, mononematous, erect, straight

to slightly flexuous, simple or branched, 4—7-septate, smooth, brown below,

variegated pigmented towards the apex, 135-189 x 12.0-16.5 um, cell basal

lobed 21—45 um wide. CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS polytretic, integrated, terminal

and intercalary, pale brown to dark brown to reddish brown, 19.5—25 x 5.0-6.5

uum. Conrp1A limoniform to ovoid, unicellular, smooth, thick-walled, pale

brown to dark brown or reddish brown, 7.5—22.5 x 5-12 um, forming acropetal

chains. Teleomorph unknown.

Note: Diplococcium was described by Grove (1885) with the type species

D. spicatum Grove from dead wood in England. Braun et al. (1996), Castaneda-

Ruiz & Kendrick (1991), Cruz et al. (2007), Goh & Hyde (1998), Hernandez-

Restrepo et al. (2012), Ma et al. (2012), Pirozynski (1972), and Wang &

Sutton (1998) documented 28 accepted species of Diplococcium, which are

characterized by terminal or intercalary polytretic conidiogenous cells that

produce 0-7-septate conidia in acropetal chains. Diplococcium capitatum Piroz.,

D. hughesii C.J.K. Wang & B. Sutton, and D. parcum Hol.-Jech. are also species

that produce exclusively aseptate conidia. Diplococcium capitatum differs from

D. variegatum by conidiogenous pores confined to a swollen terminal cell

that produces short cylindric or broadly ellipsoid conidia (Pirozynski 1972);

D. hughesii is separated by its subglobose oval to oblong smaller (7-12 x

5-7um) conidia and highly branched longer conidiophores (Holubova-Jechova

1982, Wang & Sutton 1998), while D. parcum produces smaller (8.5-13 x 5.5-8

um) ovate to obpyriform or ellipsoidal conidia (Holubova-Jechova 1982).

Acknowledgments

The authors express their sincere gratitude to Dr. De-Wei Li and Prof. Dr. Bryce

Kendrick for their critical review of the manuscript. The authors thank the Program

of Research on Biodiversity in the Brazilian semi-arid (PPBIO semi-arid/ Ministry

of Technology and Science). RFCR is grateful to the Cuban Ministry of Agriculture

and “Programa de Salud Animal y Vegetal,” project P131LH003033 Cuban Ministry of

Science, Technology and Environment for facilities.

Diplococcium variegatum sp. nov. (Brazil) ... 61

‘

| @

Fic 1. Diplococcium variegatum (ex HUEFS 194254). A. Conidiophore and conidia. B. Conidio-

genous cell and pores (indicated by arrows). C. Conidiogenous cells and conidia. D-F. Conidia.

Scale bars: A = 20 um; B-F = 5 um.

Literature cited

Braun U, Hosagoudar VB, Abraham TK. 1996. Diplococcium atrovelutinum sp. nov. from India.

New Botanist 23: 1-4.

Castaneda-Ruiz RF. 2005. Metodologia en el estudio de los hongos anamorfos. Anais do V

Congresso Latino Americano de Micologia, Brasilia: 182-183.

62 ... Silva & al.

Castafieda-Ruiz RF, Kendrick B. 1991. Ninety conidial fungi from Cuba and three from Canada.

University of Waterloo, Biology Series 35: 1-132.

Cruz ACR, Gusmao LFP, Ledo-Ferreira SM, Castafieda-Ruiz RF. 2007. Conidial fungi from the

semi-arid Caatinga biome of Brazil. Diplococcium verruculosum sp. nov. and Lobatopedis

longirostratum sp. nov. Mycotaxon 103: 33-38.

Goh TK, Hyde KD. 1998. A synopsis of and a key to Diplococcium species, based on the literature,

with a description of a new species. Fungal Diversity 1: 65-83.

Grove WB. 1885. New or noteworthy fungi. Part II. J. Bot. 23: 161-169.

Hernandez-Restrepo M, Silvera-Simon C, Mena-Portales J, Mercado-Sierra A, Guarro J, Gené J.

2012. Three new species and a new record of Diplococcium from plant debris in Spain. Mycol.

Prog. 11: 191-199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11557-011-0741-6

Holubova-Jechova V. 1982. Lignicolous hyphomycetes from Czechoslovakia 6. Spadicoides and

Diplococcium. Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 17: 295-327.

Ma LG, Ma J, Zhang YD, Zhang XG. 2012. Spadicoides camelliae and Diplococcium livistonae, two

new hyphomycetes on dead branches from Fujian Province, China. Mycoscience 53: 25-30.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10267-011-0138-z

Pirozynski KA. 1972. Microfungi of Tanzania. I. Miscellaneous fungi on oil palm. II. New

hyphomycetes. Mycol. Pap. 129: 1-64.

Wang CJK, Sutton B. 1998. Diplococcium hughesii sp. nov. with a Selenosporella synanamoph. Can.

J. Bot. 76: 1608-1613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b98-105

MYCOTAXON

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/127.63

Volume 127, pp. 63-72 January-March 2014

Additions to Ramularia species (hyphomycetes) in Poland

MAELGORZATA RUSZKIEWICZ-MICHALSKA* & EWA POLEG

Department of Algology and Mycology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection,

University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha Str. Lédz, PL-90-237, Poland

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: mrusz@biol.uni.lodz.pl

ABSTRACT — ‘The morphology and revised distribution of three Ramularia species

(teleomorphs unknown) are presented based on fresh specimens. Ramularia melampyri

is new for Poland, and R. celastri is reported from its third (and easternmost) locality in

Europe. Ramularia abscondita specimens confirm the occurrence of this species in Poland.

As R. melampyri hosts (Melampyrum spp.) are currently classified in Orobanchaceae, the

implications of the new systematics of Scrophulariaceae s.1. for the taxonomy of Ramularia

and related Mycosphaerella species are discussed briefly.

KEY worpDs — microfungi, asexual morphs, plant parasites, biogeography, new records

Introduction

The genus Ramularia, described by Unger in 1833 (cf. Braun 1998), is

one of the largest anamorph genera, with known teleomorphs classified

in the ascomycetous genus Mycosphaerella Johanson (Braun 1998, Crous

2009). Mycosphaerella s.l. is polyphyletic, but its type species, M. punctiformis

(Pers.) Starback, has a proven Ramularia anamorph (R. endophylla Verkley &

U. Braun). Consequently, the name Mycosphaerella s.str. has been confined

to sexual morphs associated with Ramularia anamorphs (Verkley et al. 2004,

Crous et al. 2009a). According to the new rules of Art. 59 of the ICN (McNeill

et al. 2012), Mycosphaerella and Ramularia are heterotypic synonyms, and so

the older name Ramularia, which has priority, is now a holomorph name.

Ramularia species have been assumed to form a single lineage within

the Mycosphaerellaceae. The recently described Mycosphaerella cerastiicola

Crous, which clusters in the middle of the Ramularia clade, has a septoria- or

pseudocercosporella-like anamorph (Crous et al. 2011), which casts reasonable

doubt on the monophyly of Ramularia. Unfortunately, M. cerastiicola has

not been included in the recent studies of Septoria and septoria-like genera

(Quaedvlieg et al. 2013, Verkley et al. 2013).

The genus has been the subject of thorough taxonomic studies worldwide

(Braun 1998, Crous et al. 2001, 2009a, 2011; Braun & Pennycook 2003, Braun

64 ... Ruszkiewicz-Michalska & Poteé

et al. 2005, Zhang 2006, Kirschner 2009). The Polish monograph covered 115

Ramularia species (Wotczanska 2005). The number of taxa known in Poland

was further extended with Ramularia celastri (Czerniawska 2007), R. epilobiana

(Sacc. & Fautrey) B. Sutton & Piroz. (Ruszkiewicz-Michalska 2006), and

R. vallisumbrosae Cavara (Wolczanska 2010). In addition, ecological data on

two very rare species (R. agrimoniae Sacc. and R. uredinearum Hulea) have

been reported in Poland (Ruszkiewicz-Michalska et al. 2012), and a new host

plant (Hypochoeris radicata L.) has been listed for R. inaequalis (Preuss) U.

Braun (Wolczanska & Wotkowycki 2010).

Materials & methods

Plant organs affected by Ramularia species were collected in 2007 and in 2012.

Ramularia melampyri and R. abscondita were found during systematic studies of plant-

parasitic fungi in the Las Lagiewnicki forest complex in the city of Lodz (central Poland).

This forest complex is under strong anthropogenic pressure, as many residents use it for

recreational purposes (Kurowski 2001). We found a single specimen of R. celastri in

Biebrza National Park (NE Poland); this largest and among the newest Polish national

parks is preserving the whole river valley with its natural longitudinal and transversal

zonation of habitats and corresponding plant communities (Dyrcz & Werpachowski

2005) as well as numerous interesting and endangered fungi (Kujawa et al. 2012).

Geographical coordinates were obtained with Garmin’s GPSmap 60 device. Collector

abbreviations include MRM = Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, EP = Polec, and AK = Agnieszka

Kuchnik.

Fresh specimens were mounted in lactophenol picric acid solution (Fluka) and

examined using a Nikon Eclipse 50i microscope; measurements of morphological

structures were made also in tap water. Microphotographs were taken with a Nikon

DS-F1 digital camera using phase contrast.

The fungi were identified based on Braun's (1998) monograph, and their host plants

were determined using the key by Rutkowski (2004). The fungal nomenclature agrees

with Index Fungorum (2014) while the host nomenclature follows Mirek et al. (2002)

and The International Plant Names Index (2014). The study material is deposited in

the subcollection Parasitic Fungi (labeled as PF) of the Fungal collection of Herbarium

Universitatis Lodziensis (LOD).

Our attempts to isolate and cultivate the three reported species failed despite using

standard methods (Crous et al. 2009b, Verkley et al. 2004). Also, the enrichment of

culture media (WA, MEA, CMA, OA, Difco) with autoclaved host leaves elicited no

positive effect.

Species characteristics

Ramularia melampyri Ellis & Dearn., Canad. Record Sci. 5: 271 (1893) PL.1

Leaf spots very inconspicuous, diffuse discolorations, pale greenish, later

brownish green. CONIDIOPHORES in small to fairly large, loose to dense, cream-

colored fascicles, scattered at the leaf spot area, arising from stromata, straight,

Ramularia in Poland ... 65

PiaTE 1. conidiophores and conidia

(lactophenol picric acid solution; phase contrast). Scale bars = 10 um.

subcylindric to flexuous, filiform, geniculate-sinuous, simple, 20-42.5 x 2-3.7

um [5-100 x 2-6.5 um; Braun 1998], continuous to septate, hyaline, smooth;

conidial scars slightly thickened and darkened. Conrp1a catenate, ellipsoid-

ovoid, subcylindric-fusiform, (8.5-)10-24.5 x 2.5-5 um [(9-)12-28(-30) x

(3-)4-6.5(-8) um; Braun 1998], 0-1-septate, hyaline, smooth, ends obtuse to

somewhat attenuated; hila somewhat thickened, darkened.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED — On Melampyrum nemorosum L.: POLAND, LODZ

VOIVODESHIP, Lodz, Las Lagiewnicki forest, roadside, 51°49’59"N 19°28’10’E, 28 July

2007, leg. MRM (LOD 3383); 08 Aug. 2012, leg. EP (LOD 3384).

ECOLOGY & DISTRIBUTION — ‘This species has been recorded on eight

Melampyrum species [Orobanchaceae| from North America and Eurasia

(Braun 1998, Farr & Rossman 2014, Negrean & Denchev 2000, Pando et al.

2003, GBIF 2014a).

66 ... Ruszkiewicz-Michalska & Poleé

Ramularia melampyri has no known teleomorphic or synanamorphic

connections (Tomilin 1979, Braun 1998, Aptroot 2006, Anon. 2014).

ComMENtTs — Scrophulariaceae s.l., which has undergone revision based

mainly on molecular studies, has been split into four families (cf. Stevens 2014).

Consequently, host-based keys to Ramularia species on Scrophulariaceae

s.L, such as those by Braun (1998) and Wolczanska (2005), may need some

reconstruction. A summary of the host-pathogen relationships of these

Ramularia species, disposed under the four segregate host families, is presented

in Fie. 1.

SCROPHULARIACEAE S.L.

Orobanchaceae Phrymaceae Scrophulariaceae s.str. Plantaginaceae ____

Digitalis

- Bartsia — R. bartsiae Mimulus — R. mimuli Scrophularia —+ R. carneola

Castilleja — R. castillejae Phryma —- R. davisiana Verbascum —S\ Gratiola —- R. gratiolae

Melampyrum — R. melampyri

WEY IS a Linaria — R. linariae

Pedicularis —> R. obducens ‘R, variabilis | Penstemon —+ R. nivosa

Sphaerela Nt tt(Cié<~*StCS~S Synthyris —» R. synthyridis

decidua var. scrophulariae

Veronica —+ R. beccabungae

lait R. chamaedryos

A Mycosphaerella R. coccinea

mariae i

{

21 R. veronicae

? Mycosphaerella ? Ah ah RG Ea SY sg pe

ES Paper ee eee

FiGurE 1. Host-parasite relationships in Scrophulariaceae s.1. (Ramularia species occurring in

Poland set in bold font; teleomorphs are given within ellipses). Survey based on plant phylogeny

updates (Stevens 2014) and on mycological data given by Braun (1998), Braun & Scheuer (2008),

Tomilin (1979), Aptroot (2006), and Anon. (2014).

The difficulty with host-based taxonomy of Ramularia is most evident

with R. variabilis Fuckel, originally described by Fuckel (1870) from both

Verbascum [Scrophulariaceae s.str.] and Digitalis [Plantaginaceae], and

subsequently lectotypified on Verbascum (Braun 1998). The Mycosphaerella

names tentatively associated with Ramularia species on Scrophulariaceae

s.l. also indicate a high degree of uncertainty (Fic. 1), involving hosts from

more than one of the new segregate host families. The molecular relationships

between Ramularia/Mycosphaerella species associated with Scrophulariaceae

s.l. are largely unexplored. Ramularia coccinea (Fuckel) Vestergr. is the only

taxon for which rDNA sequences have been deposited in GenBank (accessed

15 March 2014).

Ramularia abscondita (Fautrey & Lambotte) U. Braun, Int. J. Mycol. Lichenol. 3:

280 (1988) PL..2

Leaf spots angular-irregular, 1-10 mm diam., yellowish-ochraceous to

light to medium brown, confluent, margin brown, narrow or indefinite.

Ramularia in Poland ... 67

PLATE 2. Ramularia abscondita (LOD 3218): A - a leaf of host plant with symptoms

of fungal infection; B - conidiophores and conidia (lactophenol picric acid solution;

phase contrast). Scale bars: A = 1 cm; B = 10 um.

CONIDIOPHORES in small, loose fascicles, on the upper leaf surface, straight,

subcylindric to geniculate-sinuous, mostly simple, (9.5-)11.25-25(-27) x

1.25-2.5 um, septate, hyaline and smooth; conidial scars somewhat thickened

and darkened. ConrpiA catenate, rarely in short, branched chains, ellipsoid,

68 ... Ruszkiewicz-Michalska & Pole¢

subcylindric, (6.5-)7.5-17.5 x 2.5(-3) um, aseptate, occasionally 1-septate,

hyaline, smooth, ends obtuse to subacute; hila somewhat thickened, darkened.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED — On Arctium lappa L.: POLAND, L6pz VoIvoDEsHIP, Lédz,

Las Lagiewnicki forest, roadside, 51°50’06"N 19°28’06"E, 28 July 2007, leg. MRM

(LOD 3362); Ga¢ Spalska nature reserve, forest road close to the Ga¢ river, 51°34’31"N

20°08’01"E, 11 Aug. 2012, leg. MRM (LOD 3363).

On Arctium nemorosum Lej.: POLAND, LODZ VOIVODESHIP, Lodz, Las Lagiewnicki

forest, oak-hornbeam forest (Tilio-Carpinetum calamagrostietosum), roadside,

51°50’02"N 19°28’21"E, 28 July 2007, leg. AK (LOD 3218); 25 Aug. 2007 (LOD 3217).

On Arctium tomentosum Mill: POLAND, LopzZ VorvopEsHip, L6dz, Las

Lagiewnicki forest, opening near Building of Forestry Unit, 51°50’26"N 19°28’18”E, 28

May 2012, leg. MRM (LOD 3450).

ECOLOGY & DISTRIBUTION — This species has been reported on six Arctium

species (Asteraceae) in Asia and Europe, including Poland (Braun 1998, Farr

& Rossman 2014, GBIF 2014b). However, the Polish reports given by Braun

(1998) were probably based on old records or collections and remain unclear

and unproven (Braun, pers. comm.). Ramularia abscondita was not included

in the Polish Ramularia monograph (Wolczanska 2005) or checklist of Polish

micromycetes (Mulenko et al. 2008). We also have found no specimens or

literature to confirm the previous Polish records.

Ramularia abscondita has no known teleomorphic or synanamorphic

connections (Tomilin 1979, Braun 1998, Aptroot 2006, Anon. 2014).

Ramularia celastri Ellis & G. Martin, Amer. Naturalist 16: 1003 (1882) PL. 3

= Ramularia monachorum Bubak, Bot. K6zl. 14: 79 (1915)

Leaf spots subcircular to irregular, dark greenish, later greyish-ochraceous,

margin narrow, reddish brown. Conidiophores hypophyllous, in small,

loose to dense fascicles, arising from stromata, geniculate-sinuous, simple,

(8.5-)10-45 x 1.5-3.5(-4) um, continuous to 1-septate, hyaline, smooth;

conidial scars slightly thickened and darkened. Conidia mostly catenate,

subcylindric to fusiform, 9.5-30(-32) x 2.5-4.5 um, 0-2-septate, hyaline,

smooth, subobtuse; hila somewhat thickened, darkened.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED — On Euonymus europaea L.. POLAND, PODLASKIE

VOIVODESHIP, Biebrza National Park, Kapice protective unit, oak-hornbeam forest

(Tilio-Carpinetum), 53°32’14"N 22°43'13"E, 28 Aug. 2012, leg. MRM (LOD 3451)

[together with Asteromella euonymella (Sacc.) Aa & Vanev, Septogloeum carthusianum

(Sacc.) Sacc.].

ECOLOGY & DISTRIBUTION — This species has been reported mostly from North

America and Asia (mainly China) on diverse Celastrus and Euonymus species

(Braun 1998, Farr & Rossman 2014, GBIF 2014c, Cybertruffle's Robigalia 2014).

In Europe it is known only from three collections on E. europaea: Bubak’s

holotype of R. monachorum from the Piva Monastery in northern Montenegro

Ramularia in Poland ... 69

PiaTE 3. Ramularia celastri (LOD 3451): A - a leaf of host plant with symptoms of

fungal infection; B - conidiophores and conidia (lactophenol picric acid solution;

phase contrast). Scale bars: A = 1 cm; B= 10 um.

(Farr & Rossman 2014); a report from Drawa National Park in northwestern

Poland (Czerniawska 2007); and our new record, which extends the European

range of this species to eastern Poland.

Ramularia celastri has no proven teleomorphic or synanamorphic

connections (Tomilin 1979, Braun 1998, Aa & Vanev 2002, Aptroot 2006,

Anon. 2014).

70 ... Ruszkiewicz-Michalska & Poteé

Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Uwe Braun (Halle/Saale, Germany) and to Agata Wolczanska

(Lublin, Poland) for reading the manuscript and serving as presubmission reviewers. We

thank Maria Lawrynowicz, Curator of the Fungal Collection of Herbarium Universitatis

Lodziensis (LOD), for permission to analyze herbarium materials. They include a

specimen collected by Agnieszka Kuchnik (MSc student supervised by the first author)

whose contribution is greatly acknowledged. We thank also Joanna Zelazna- Wieczorek

(Lodz, Poland) for valuable comments on the manuscript and for providing access to

microphotographic equipment.

The study was partially supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education

(grant no N305 077 32/2708) and the University of Lodz (grant no 505/377/2012 and

503/824/2013). The second author was granted in the frame of the project “Scholarships

to support innovative doctoral research” by the European Social Fund and the Budget as

a part of Integrated Regional Operational Programme in 2010.

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MY COTAXON

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/127.73

Volume 127, pp. 73-80 January-March 2014

The genus Moreaua in Japan and Korea

TEODOR T. DENCHEV & CVETOMIR M. DENCHEV

‘Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences,

2 Gagarin St., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: cmdenchev@yahoo.co.uk

AxBsTRACT — The Moreaua species, distributed in Japan and Korea, are presented. Moreaua

aterrima is reported for the first time from both countries. Carex callitrichos var. nana,

C. mira, and C. tenuiformis are new host records for this smut fungus.

Key worps — _ Anthracoideaceae, Cyperaceae, Moreaua mauritiana, taxonomy,

Ustilaginomycetes

Introduction

Moreaua Liou & H.C. Cheng was described as a monotypic genus typified

by M. kungii on Carex sp. from China (Liou & Cheng 1949). The genus was

proposed to accommodate a spore ball forming smut fungus with spore

germination intermediate between the classical Ustilago and Tilletia forms.

As originally illustrated (Liou & Cheng 1949: Pls 4-6), the germination

produces phragmobasidia that bear terminally or laterally ovoid to ellipsoidal

basidiospores, usually with terminal or subterminal basidiospore chains.

Because subsequently, chains of basidiospores (cf. single basidiospore at

the apex of each phragmobasidium cell) were considered insufficient for

establishing a new genus, M. kungii was reduced to a synonym of Thecaphora

aterrima (Wang 1963). The name Moreaua remained largely unused in the

scientific literature until the 1990s (comp. Vanky 1987, 1994), up to which

time Thecaphora aterrima was mostly recognized as Tolyposporium aterrimum

(e.g., Lindeberg 1959, Vanky 1985, 1994, Karatygin & Azbukina 1989).

In the 1990s, it became apparent that Tolyposporium was a heterogeneous

genus of spore ball forming species (Vanky 1994, 2000). Thecaphora aterrima,

T. apicis Savile, and all spore ball forming species on Cyperaceae described in

Tolyposporium or transferred from Sorosporium to Tolyposporium (excluding

T. neillii (G. Cunn.) Vanky & McKenzie) were removed to the resurrected genus

Moreaua (Vanky 2000, 2003). In addition, a number of new Moreaua species

have been recently described (Vanky & Shivas 2001, Piepenbring 2001, Vanky

7A ... Denchev & Denchev

2002, 2009, Vanky et al. 2009, Shivas et al. 2011). Currently, Moreaua comprises

38 species, known mostly from the Southern Hemisphere (33 species), with

only seven recorded from the Northern Hemisphere. All species are parasites

on host plants in Cyperaceae.

Moreaua belongs to Anthracoideaceae Denchev. The sori are developed in

flowers and form a naked, black, granular-powdery mass of spore balls on the

surface of filaments and/or ovaria (in some species also filling aborted and

deformed nuts) that are completely hidden by adjacent glumes. Columella,

peridium, and sterile cells are lacking. Spore balls are composed of rather

firmly cohering spores.

Until the beginning of this study, only one Moreaua species, M. mauritiana,

was known from Japan, reported from the Bonin Islands as Thecaphora

fimbristylidis (Harada 1979). Later, this record was included in the Kakishima’s

monograph of the smut fungi in Japan as Thecaphora aterrima (Kakishima

1982, see also Katumoto 2010). Moreaua aterrima is reported here for the first

time from Japan. The current study is a part of an ongoing complete revision of

the smut fungi on Cyperaceae in Japan (comp. Denchev et al. 2013).

There are no records of Moreaua from the Korean Peninsula (Denchev et al.

2007). The three specimens of Moreaua aterrima listed here for the first time

from South Korea were found by one of us (C.M.D.) during examination of

specimens in phanerogamic herbaria in Seoul.

Material & methods

This study is based on examination of specimens from the following dried reference

collections: DAOM - National Mycological Herbarium, Agriculture and Agri-Food

Canada; SNUA - T.B. Lee Herbarium, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul

National University, Seoul, S. Korea; SWU - Sungshin Womens University Herbarium,

Seoul, S. Korea; and TSH - Laboratory of Plant Parasitic Mycology, Faculty of Life and

Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.

For LM observations and measurements, spores were mounted in lactophenol

solution on glass slides, gently heated to boiling point to rehydrate the spores, and

then cooled. In order to count the number of spores in a spore ball and for observation

of the spore morphology, the spore balls were bleached in concentrated hydrogen

peroxide (H,O,) for 10-15 minutes. For SEM, spores were attached to specimen holders

by double-sided adhesive tape and coated with gold with an ion sputter. The surface

structure of spores was observed at 10 kV accelerating voltage and photographed with a

JEOL JSM-5510 scanning electron microscope.

Taxonomy

Moreaua aterrima (Tul. & C. Tul.) Vanky, Mycotaxon 74: 351, 2000. Frcs 1-4, 9, 10

= Thecaphora aterrima Tul. & C. Tul., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 3, 7: 110, 1847.

= Tolyposporium aterrimum (Tul. & C. Tul.) Dietel, in Engler

& Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 1(1**): 14, 1897.

= Moreaua kungii Liou & H.C. Cheng, Contr. Inst. Bot., Natl. Acad. Peiping 6: 210, 1949.

Moreaua in Japan... 75

Fics 1-4. Moreaua aterrima on Carex callitrichos var. nana (SWU): 1. Habit; 2. Spore balls in LM.

M. aterrima on Carex lanceolata (DAOM 38 528): 3. Spore balls in LM; 4. Spore balls bleached in

hydrogen peroxide in LM. Scale bars: 1 = 1 cm; 2-4 = 10 um.

76 ... Denchev & Denchev

Sori on filaments and the bases of scales of staminate flowers (spore balls

concealed by the staminate scales) or on aborted ovaria (spore balls concealed

by the utricles). The MAss OF SPORE BALLS very dark reddish-brown to black,

granular-powdery. Infection systemic. Infected female flowers transformed

into male flowers with sori. SPORE BALLS globose, subglobose, ovoid, broadly

ellipsoidal to slightly irregular, composed of 2-20(-35), firmly united spores,

occasionally single spores present, 13.5-45(-56) x 12.5-35(-41) um, dark

reddish-brown or middle reddish-brown when composed of few spores. SPORES

in surface view broadly elliptical, subglobose, subpolyhedral or irregular,

measured from the free side 9.5-17(-18.5) x 8.5-14.5 um; radially 6.5-17 um

long (on Carex mira and C. tenuiformis spores in surface view sometimes up

to 21 um long, and radially sometimes up to 22 um long); wall two-layered,

endospore even, 0.6-1.2 um thick, exospore uneven, 1.1-3.2 um thick (on

C. mira 1.0-2.3 um), much thicker at the free surface than at the contact

surfaces, the free surface rather coarsely ornamented as seen by LM & SEM,'

flattened and smooth on the contact sides.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED — On Carex lanceolata Boott: JAPAN, HoNSsHU, TOCHIGI PREF.,

Mt. Iwafune, 14 May 1950, leg. T. Koyama, det. D.B.O. Savile (as Thecaphora aterrima,

DAOM 38 528).

On Carex callitrichos var. nana (H. Lév. & Vaniot) Ohwi (= C. humilis var. nana (H. Lév.

& Vaniot) Ohwi; = C. nanella Ohwi): SOUTH KOREA, GANGwon PRov., Mt. Samack,

20 Sep 2000, leg. Y.C. Oh, J.Y. Yun & J.K. Lee (SWU, sine num.).

On Carex mira Kik.: SOUTH KOREA, GANGwon PRov., Jeongseon-gun, Imgye-

myeon, 29 May 1993, leg. T.B. Lee (SNUA 76 476).

On Carex tenuiformis H. Lév. & Vaniot: SOUTH KOREA, sine loc., sine dat., leg. TB.

Lee (SNUA 51 750).

DISTRIBUTION — Moreaua aterrima is reported from Europe, Asia (East

Siberia, Far East of Russia, China, India), North America, and North Africa

(Liou & Cheng 1949, Savile 1953, Azbukina et al. 1995, Guo 2000, Vanky 2011,

Vanky et al. 2011). It was known to infect 21 species of Carex. In East Asia, it

has been found only in Kamchatka on Carex vanheurckii Mull. Arg. (Azbukina

et al. 1995), and in China on Carex lanceolata (Guo & Xi 1989, Guo 2000)

and Carex sp. (Liou & Cheng 1949). Moreaua aterrima is reported here for the

first time from Japan and the Korean Peninsula. Carex callitrichos var. nana,

C. mira, and C. tenuiformis are new host records for this smut fungus.

Moreaua mauritiana (Syd.) Vanky, Mycotaxon 74: 352, 2000. Fics 5-8, 11, 12

= Tolyposporium mauritianum Syd., Ann. Mycol. 37: 201, 1939.

= Thecaphora mauritiana (Syd.) L. Ling, Sydowia 4: 80, 1950.

= Thecaphora fimbristylidis Mundk. & Thirum., Mycol. Pap. 16: 4, 1946.

' The irregular spore ornamentation of former Tolyposporium spp. on Cyperaceae was

interpreted by Piepenbring et al. (1998: 193) as ‘material of adjacent remnants of hyphae

and sheaths deposited onto and into the exosporium?

Moreaua in Japan ... 77

Fics 5-8. Moreaua mauritiana on Fimbristylis longispica var. hahajimensis (TSH $340): 5. Habit;

6-7. Spore balls in LM; 8. Spore balls bleached in hydrogen peroxide in LM. Scale bars: 5 = 1 cm;

6-8 = 10 um.

78 ... Denchev & Denchev

Fics 9-12. Moreaua aterrima on Carex callitrichos var. nana (SWU): 9. Spore balls in SEM.

M. aterrima on Carex lanceolata (DAOM 38 528): 10. Spore balls in SEM. M. mauritiana on

Fimbristylis longispica var. hahajimensis (TSH $340): 11-12. Spore balls in SEM. Scale bars = 10 um.

Moreaua in Japan ... 79

Sori around anthers and rudimentary ovaries; in the anthers spore balls

replace the pollen grains and anther wall. The MAss OF SPORE BALLS dark

reddish-brown, granular-powdery, concealed by the adjacent glumes and

outwardly inconspicuous. Infection systemic; all flowers sterile. SPORE BALLS

persistent, globose, subglobose, broadly ellipsoidal or irregular, composed of

2-17(-23), firmly united spores, 17-45(-54) x 16-38(-45) um, sometimes

single spores present; dark reddish-brown. Spores in surface view subglobose,

subpolyhedral or irregular, radially semi-globose, subcuneiform or irregular;

measured from the free side (10.5-)12-18.5(-20) x (9-)10-15(-15.5) um,

radially (6-)7-17(-18.5) um long; wall two-layered, endospore even, 0.8-1.3

um thick, exospore uneven, 1.2-3.4 um thick, much thicker at the free surface

than at the contact surfaces, the free surface rather coarsely ornamented as seen

by LM & SEM,” flattened and smooth on the contact sides.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED — On Fimbristylis longispica var. hahajimensis (Tuyama) Ohwi:

JAPAN, OGASAWARA ARCHIPELAGO (BONIN IsLANDS), Haha-jima, Oki-mura, 4 Dec

1977, Y. Harada, no. 171 (as Thecaphora fimbristylidis, TSH $340).

DISTRIBUTION — This smut fungus is reported from Africa (Mauritius,

Reunion, South Africa), Asia (Japan, India), and Hawaii and is known to

infect four species of Fimbristylis: E cymosa subsp. umbellatocapitata (Hillebr.)

T. Koyama (= FE cymosa var. pycnocephala (Hillebr.) Kiik.), F. longispica var.

hahajimensis, F. ovata (Burm. f.) J. Kern (= E monostachya (L.) Hassk.), and

Fimbristylis sp. (Mundkur & Thirumalachar 1946, Makinen 1969, Harada 1979,

Vanky 2011, Vanky et al. 2011).

Acknowledgements

We gratefully acknowledge Dr Kalman Vanky (Herbarium Ustilaginales Vanky,

Tubingen, Germany) and Dr Roger G. Shivas (Biosecurity Queensland, Australia) for

critically reading the manuscript and serving as pre-submission reviewers, and Directors

and Curators of DAOM, SNUA, SWU, and TSH for loans of the cited specimens and/or

permission to visit their reference collections. Cvetomir M. Denchev thanks Prof. H.D.

Shin (Korea University, Seoul) for the assistance during his stay in South Korea in 2006.

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Vanky K, Shivas RG, McTaggart AR, Vanky C, Arce WA. 2009. Additions to the smut fungi

(Ustilaginomycetes) of Bolivia. Mycologia Balcanica 6: 99-105.

Vanky K, Vanky C, Denchev CM. 2011. Smut fungi in Africa - a checklist. Mycologia Balcanica

al a

Wang YC. 1963 (reedited 1964). Ustilaginales of China. Science Press, Peking. (In Chinese)

MYCOTAXON

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/127.81

Volume 127, pp. 81-87 January-March 2014

New species of microfungi from Brazilian Amazon rainforests

JOSIANE SANTANA MONTEIRO’, LUANA TEIXEIRA DO CARMO’,

PATRICIA OLIVEIRA FIUzZA3, BIANCA MAIRA DE PAIVA OTTONI,

Luis FERNANDO PASCHOLATI GUSMAO3* & RAFAEL E CASTANEDA-RUIZ>

‘Departamento de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-420, Recife, Brazil

*Coordenagao de Botanica, Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, 66077-530, Belém, PA, Brazil

*Departamento de Ciéncias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana,

44031-460, Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil

“Programa de Pés-graduacdo em Entomologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia,,

69067-375, Manaus, AM, Brazil

“Instituto de Investigaciones Fundamentales en Agricultura Tropical Alejandro de Humboldt’

(INIFAT), Académico Titular de la Academia de Ciencias de Cuba,

Calle 1 Esq. 2, Santiago de Las Vegas, C. Habana, Cuba, C.P. 17200

*CORRESPONDENCE TO: lgusmao@uefs. br

ABSTRACT —Isthmophragmospora laevispora sp. nov., Henicospora amazonensis sp. nov., and

Sporidesmiella curtiphora sp. nov. found on submerged decaying plant materials are described

and illustrated. Isthmophragmospora laevispora is distinguished by smooth pale brown

conidia, each composed of two unequal 2-septate bodies connected by a cellular isthmus;

H. amazonensis is characterized by clavate to pyriform, 3—4-septate, 1-2 distoseptate,

smooth, pale golden brown conidia; and S. curtiphora has obovoid to lamp-shaped, 1-septate,

olivaceous-brown conidia.

KEY worps — asexual fungi, freshwater fungi, taxonomy

Introduction

The diversity of anamorphic fungi in the Brazilian Amazon has received

little attention, especially in freshwater habitats. During a survey of

hyphomycetes associated with plant litter submerged in black water streams

from Manaus (Amazonas, Brazil), three undescribed species of the genera

Isthmophragmospora, Henicospora, and Sporidesmiella were collected. These

specimens, which cannot be assigned to any species currently accepted in these

genera, are described herein as new to science.

Materials & methods

Samples of submerged litter were placed in paper and plastic bags. In the laboratory

the samples were placed in Petri dish moist chambers and stored in a 170 L polystyrene

82 ... Monteiro & al.

Fic. 1. Isthmophragmospora laevispora (holotype HUEFS 194256).

A-F. Conidia. G-I. Conidiophores and conidiogenous cells. J. Conidiogenous cell and conidia.

Scale bars = 10 um.

Isthmophragmospora, Henicospora, & Spridesmiella spp. nov. (Brazil) ... 83

box with 200 mL sterile water plus 2 mL glycerol, at 25°C for 30 days (Castafeda-Ruiz

2005). Mounts were prepared in PVL (polyvinyl alcohol, lactic acid, and phenol) and

measurements were made at a magnification of x1000. Micrographs were obtained

with an Olympus microscope (model BX51) equipped with bright field and Nomarski

interference optics. The type specimens are deposited in the Herbarium of Universidade

Estadual de Feira de Santana (HUEFS).

Taxonomy

Isthmophragmospora laevispora J.S. Monteiro, Gusmao & R.F. Castafieda,

sp. nov. Fries

MycoBank MB805115

Differs from Isthmophragmospora verruculosa by its smooth pale brown conidia with

2-septate distal bodies.

Type: Brazil, Amazonas State: Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, 2°55’S 59°58’W, on

submerged decaying leaves in a black water stream, 13.March.2013; coll. B.M.P. Ottoni

(Holotype: HUEFS 194256).

Erymo_oey: Latin, laevispora, refers to smooth conidia.

COLONIES scattered, effuse, pale brown. Mycelium mostly immersed in

substrate. CONIDIOPHORES macronematous, mononematous, erect, straight

to slightly flexuous, simple, 6—10-septate, smooth, brown, 60-90 x 5-6 um.

CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS polyblastic, integrated, cylindrical, sympodially

elongated, denticulate, pale brown, 15-37 x 3-4 um. Conidial secession

schizolytic. Conrp1< solitary, phragmosporous, smooth, pale brown, 28-51 um

long; two conidial bodies of unequal lengths connected by a narrow isthmus,

1 um long; proximal conidial body clavate, 2-euseptate, 13-23 um long, 3-5 um

wide near the isthmus, tapering gradually towards to the point of attachment,

1.5-2 um wide; distal conidial body obclavate, 2-euseptate, 15-30 um long,

3.5-5 um wide near the isthmus, tapering gradually to 1.5-2 um wide at the

rounded apex.

Note: The monotypic genus Isthmophragmospora was introduced by

Kuthubutheen & Nawawi (1992) for I. verruculosa Kuthub. & Nawawi, isolated

from submerged decaying twigs in Malaysia. The type species differs from

I. laevispora by its longer verruculose conidium with a 4—5-septate distal body

(Kuthubutheen & Nawawi 1992).

Henicospora amazonensis J.S. Monteiro, Gusmao & R.E Castafieda, sp. nov. Fic. 2

MycoBank MB805116

Differs from Henicospora coronata by its wider obovoid to pyriform pale golden brown

conidia with prominent apical projections.

Type: Brazil. Amazonas State: Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, 2°56’S 59°57’W, on

submerged decaying leaves in a black water stream, 13. March.2013; coll. B.M.P. Ottoni

(Holotype: HUEFS 194257).

84 ... Monteiro & al.

Fic. 2. Henicospora amazonensis (holotype HUEFS 194257). A-I. Conidia. Scale bar = 5 um.

Isthmophragmospora, Henicospora, & Spridesmiella spp. nov. (Brazil) ... 85

ErymMo_oey: Latin, amazonensis, referred to the locality of the type specimen.

CoLonlIEs effuse, often inconspicuous hairy, pale brown. Mycelium superficial

and immersed in substrate. CONIDIOPHORES micronematous, mononematous,

erect, straight to slightly flexuous, simple, smooth, hyaline, mostly reduced to

conidiogenous cells. CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS monoblastic, integrated, terminal,

smooth, hyaline, 7.5-12.5 x 2.5 um. Conidial secession rhexolytic. CONIDIA

clavate to pyriform, 3—4-septate, 1-2 distoseptate, smooth, pale golden brown,

18.5-27.5 x 8-12.5 um; truncated base, 4-5 um wide; coronate at apex with

4-6 conical projections, 2-3 x 1-2 um.

NoTE: Henicospora was erected by Kirk & Sutton (1980) with H. minor P.M. Kirk

& B. Sutton (type) and two other species; two other species were subsequently

added (Kuthubutheen & Nawawi 1994, Matsushima 1989). Henicospora

coronata P.M. Kirk & B. Sutton somewhat resembles H. amazonensis but differs

by its cylindrical pale olivaceous brown 5-distoseptate conidia that are 20-29

x 4-5 um and have inconspicuous mammiform coronal projections (Kirk &

Sutton 1980).

Sporidesmiella curtiphora L.T. Carmo, Gusmao & R.F. Castafieda, sp.nov. Fic. 3

MycoBank MB805117

Differs from Sporidesmiella pachyanthicola by its much shorter conidiophores and larger

obovoid to lamp-shaped conidia.

Type: Brazil. Amazonas State: Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, 2°55’S 59°58’W, on

submerged decaying leaves in a black water stream, 13.March.2013; coll. B.M.P. Ottoni

(Holotype: HUEFS 196427).

ErymMo_oey: Latin, curtiphora, refers to very small conidiophores.

COLONIES scattered, effuse, hairy, light brown. Mycelium superficial and

immersed in substrate. CONIDIOPHORES macronematous, mononematous,

solitary, erect, straight, simple, cylindrical, 0—1-septate, smooth, brown, (17.5-)

22.5-25 x 2.5 um, sometimes reduced to conidiogenous cells. CONIDIOGENOUS

CELLS monoblastic, integrated, terminal, cylindrical, with 3-7 enteroblastic

percurrent elongations, pale brown. Conidial secession schizolytic. CONIDIA

solitary, obovoid to lamp-shaped, 1-septate, smooth, olivaceous brown, cell

lumina reduced, 20-22 x 10 um; truncate at the base, 3 um wide.

Note: Sporidesmiella was introduced by Kirk (1982) with S. claviformis P.M.

Kirk (type) and five other species and one variety. Subsequently 25 additional

taxa have been introduced (Ma et al. 2011, Santa Izabel & Gusmao 2013).

Sporidesmiella curtiphora is similar only to S. pachyanthicola W.B. Kendr. & R.F.

Castafieda (Castafeda-Ruiz & Kendrick 1991), which is clearly differentiated

86 ... Monteiro & al.

Fic. 3. Sporidesmiella curtiphora (holotype HUEFS 196427).

A-D. Conidiophores, conidiogenous cells and conidia. E-F. Conidia. Scale bars = 10 um.

Isthmophragmospora, Henicospora, & Spridesmiella spp. nov. (Brazil) ... 87

by its longer (75-200 x 4-7.5 um) conidiophores and smaller (10-14.5 x

3-4.5 um) clavate guttulate conidia.

Acknowledgments

The authors express their sincere gratitude to Dr. De- Wei Li and Dra. M. Hernandez-

Restrepo for their critical review of the manuscript. The authors thank the National

Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) (Proc. 142014/2011-

7) for supporting this study. RFCR is grateful to Cuban Ministry of Agriculture and

“Programa de Salud Animal y Vegetal’, project P131LH003033 Cuban Ministry of

Science, Technology and Environment, for facilities.

Literature cited

Castafeda-Ruiz RF. 2005. Metodologia en el estudio de los hongos anamorfos. Anais do V

Congresso Latino Americano de Micologia. Brasilia: 182-183.

Castafieda-Ruiz RF, Kendrick B. 1991. Ninety conidial fungi from Cuba and three from Canada.

University of Waterloo, Biology Series 35: 1-132.

Kirk PM. 1982. New or interesting microfungi VI. Sporidesmiella gen. nov. (Hyphomycetes). Trans.

Br. mycol. Soc. 79(3): 479-489. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0007-1536(82)80040-5

Kirk PM, Sutton BC. 1980. Henicospora gen. nov. (Hyphomycetes). Trans. Br. mycol. Soc. 75(2):

249-253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0007-1536(80)80087-8

Kuthubutheen AJ, Nawawi A. 1992. New litter-inhabiting hyphomycetes from Malaysia:

Isthmophragmospora verruculosa, Iyengarina asymmetrica, and Iyengarina furcata. Can. J. Bot.

70: 101-106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b92-014

Kuthubutheen AJ, Nawawi A. 1994. Henicospora longissima sp. nov., Obeliospora triappendiculata

sp. nov., Paraulocladium fabisporum sp. nov. and other hyphomycetes from Malaysia. Mycol.

Res. 98(6): 677-685. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0953-7562(09)80416-4

Ma J, Zhang YD, Ma LG, Castafieda-Ruiz RE, Zhang XG. 2012. Three new species of Sporidesmiella

from southern China. Mycoscience 53(3): 187-193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/S10267-011-0152-1

Matsushima T. 1989. Matsushima mycological memoirs no. 6. Matsushima Fungus Collection,

Kobe, Japan.

Santa Izabel TS, Cruz ACR, Gusmao LFP. 2013. Conidial fungi from the semi-arid Caatinga biome

of Brazil. Ellisembiopsis gen. nov., new variety of Sporidesmiella and some notes on Sporidesmium

complex. Mycosphere 4(2): 156-163. http://dx.doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/4/2/1

MY COTAXON

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/127.89

Volume 127, pp. 89-92 January-March 2014

Cristinia tubulicystidiata sp. nov. from India

JASPREET Kaur’, G.S. DHINGRA’, & N. HALLENBERG?

"Department of Botany, Punjabi University, Patiala 147 002, India

*Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Gothenburg University,

PO. Box 461, SE 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: dhingragurpaul@gmail.com

ABSTRACT — A new corticioid species, Cristinia tubulicystidiata, is described from the

Kalatop area, Chamba (Himachal Pradesh), India.

Key worps — Agaricomycetes, tubular cystidia, Dalhousie, Lakkar Mandi

While conducting fungal forays in the Kalatop area near Dalhousie in district

Chamba, Himachal Pradesh (India), Dhingra and Hallenberg collected an

unknown corticioid fungus on a fallen tree of Cedrus deodara. On the basis

of cyanophilous basidiospores and granules in the basidia, the specimen was

compared with species within Cristinia (Parmasto 1968, Liberta 1973, Eriksson

& Ryvarden 1975, Nakasone & Gilbertson 1978, Baici & Hjortstam 1984,

Hjortstam et al. 1987, Hjortstam & Grosse-Brauckmann 1993, Bernicchia &

Gorjon 2010, Nakasone 2008, 2012) but could not be assigned to any known

species. We describe it here as a new species and provide a key to all species of

Cristinia.

Cristinia tubulicystidiata J. Kaur, Dhingra & Hallenberg, sp. nov. Figs 1-6

MycoBank 801273

Differs from all other Cristinia species by its tubular smooth embedded cystidia.

Type: India, Himachal Pradesh: Chamba, Dalhousie, about 2 km from Lakkar Mandi

towards Kalatop, on log of Cedrus deodara (Roxb. ex D. Don) G. Don, 16 August 2010,

Dhingra & Hallenberg 4763 (PUN, holotype).

Erymo.ocy: The epithet refers to the presence of tubular cystidia.

Basidiocarp resupinate, adnate, effused, ceraceous, up to 150 um thick in section;

hymenial surface smooth, cream-coloured to pale orange; margins thinning

out, concolorous and indeterminate. Hyphal system monomitic; generative

90 ... Kaur, Dhingra, & Hallenberg

GD0OdDDONO

wy VE

\ }

Acalthh \ |

) iit li a

ie ‘

Nea

) \WYA\

DANY TR

Figs. 1-4

ae Ne ay

Figs 1-5. Cristinia tubulicystidiata (holotype, PUN).

1. Basidiospores; 2. basidia; 3. generative hyphae; 4. cystidia; 5. section through basidiocarp.

hyphae 3-4.5 um wide, septate, clamped; basal hyphae parallel to the substrate,

forming a distinct subicular layer, approximately 25 um thick, hyphae sparsely

branched but densely united, with distinct walls and big clamps; subhymenial

hyphae vertical, thin-walled, more branched. Cystidia 106-145 x 7.7-8.3 um,

Cristinia tubulicystidiata sp. nov. (India) ... 91

Fic. 6. Cristinia tubulicystidiata (holotype, PUN). Basidiocarp showing hymenial surface.

tubular but with slightly irregular outline, smooth, with distinct walls and a

light refracting content in phase contrast, arising from the basal hyphae and do

not project above the hymenial level. Basidia 19-25 x 4.4-5.5 um, cylindrical

but somewhat constricted, with basal clamp, 4-sterigmate; sterigmata <6.1 um

long. Blue-stained granules are found in the basidia when stained in Cotton

Blue. Basidiospores 3.3-4.5 x 3.5-5.0 um, subglobose to globose, some spores

slightly angular in outline, with a distinct oil-drop, smooth, with thickened

walls, distinctly cyanophilous and metachromatic in phase, inamyloid.

REMARKS— ‘The staining of spore walls in cotton blue and basidial granules are

characteristic of Cristinia. Cristinia tubulicystidiata is easily recognized by its

smooth ceraceous basidiome and the tubular smooth embedded cystidia that

distinguish it from all other species in the genus.

Key to the species of Cristinia

We follow the generic concepts of Hjortstam & Grosse-Brauckmann (1993) and

Nakasone (2008, 2012).

1, Allhyphaewithout clamps. tc. 05 tw os diye + tie es tlgle seals lng lee de bale ee ele ees 2

1. Hyphae with clamps, at least on subhymenial hyphae .......................00. 3

2. Hymenophore grandinoid, basal hyphae 4-6 um wide ............ C. artheniensis

2. Hymenophore smooth to minutely grandinioid, basal hyphae

ster MES UN SITs his CCl chats ee IRS ge Pe he het ch Ae he a C. brevicellularis

92 ... Kaur, Dhingra, & Hallenberg

3. Basal hyphae without or with scattered clamps, subhymenial hyphae with clamps 4

Pal y polite Wat eG ATH 8s Rd uP SR oie oials Rise see Rion wah Mw ood Po Wate Ree swrethd cect Mecca 5

4, Hymenium stained violet with KOH, spores 5-7 um in diam. .......... C. rhenana

4, Hymenium not stained violet with KOH, spores 4-5 um in diam...... C. coprophila

5 Hiymenial surtace:acul cate Ordrpicald: Basu, ath tel phe Merle ates salt al 6

5. Hymenial surface smooth to hypochnoid to grandinoid ....................0.. i

6. Spores broadly ellipsoid, 3.6-4.5 x 2.9-3.5 um 1.1.0... eee eee eee eee C. decolorans

6. Spores subglobose, 5-6 um in diam. ................0.00. C. eichleri (= C. gallica)

PeaRoN GUY DECSET cleats Pehl POM PN te RUE De AME Is AE Is Gl oe C. tubulicystidiata

FLEA SEC vA SCNT, nat, Renta, hive homtail, aloe sPomahe, » Rveatn » aeoeate, » Buoad > kin C. helvetica

Acknowledgements

The authors thank Head (Department of Botany, Punjabi University, Patiala) for

providing research facilities, Dr. E. Langer (University Kassel, Department Ecology,

Kassel, Germany) for expert comments and peer review, and Prof. B.M. Sharma

(Department of Plant Pathology, COA, CSKHPAU, Palampur, H.P., India) for peer

review.

Literature cited

Baici A, Hjortstam K. 1984. A new species of Cristinia (Aphyllophorales, Corticiaceae) from North

Italy. Sydowia 37: 11-14.

Bernicchia A, Gorjén SP. 2010. Corticiaceae s.]. Fungi Europaei 12. Edizioni Candusso. Alassio.

Italia.

Eriksson J, Ryvarden L. 1975. The Corticiaceae of North Europe - III. Fungiflora, Oslo. pp. 289-545.

Hjortstam K, Grosse-Brauckmann H. 1993. Two new species of Cristinia (Basidiomycotina,

Aphyllophorales) and a survey of the genus. Mycotaxon 47: 405-410.

Hjortstam K, Larsson KH, Ryvarden L. 1987. The Corticiaceae of North Europe - I. Fungiflora,

Oslo. pp. 1-59.

Liberta AE. 1973. The genus Trechispora (Basidiomycetes, Corticiaceae). Canadian Journal of

Botany 51: 1871-1892. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b73-240

Nakasone KK. 2008. Type studies of corticioid hymenomycetes described by Bresadola.

Cryptogamie, Mycologie 9: 231-257.

Nakasone KK. 2012. Type studies of corticioid hymenomycetes (Basidiomycota) with aculei — Part

II. Czech Mycology 64: 23-42.

Nakasone KK, Gilbertson, RL. 1978. Cultural and other studies of fungi that decay ocotillo in

Arizona. Mycologia 70(2): 266-299. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3759027

Parmasto E. 1968. Conspectus systematis corticiacearum, Tartu. 262 p.

MY COTAXON

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/127.93

Volume 127, pp. 93-96 January-March 2014

Phallus coronatus sp. nov. from Vietnam

Yury A. REBRIEV*', THt HA GIANG PHAM?, & ALINA V. ALEXANDROVA”?

"Institute of Arid Zones SSC RAS, Chehova str. 41, Rostov-on-Don 344006, Russia

*Moscow State Lomonosov University, Department of Biology,

Lenin Hills Street 1, 12, Moscow, 119234, Russia

Joint Vietnam-Russian Tropical Research and Technological Centre,

Nguyen Van Huyen, Nghia Do, Cau Giau, Hanoi, Vietnam

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: rebriev@yandex.ru

Asstract — Phallus coronatus, a new small lignicolous gasteroid fungus, is described and

compared with related species.

KEY worpbs — gasteromycetes, Phallales, taxonomy

Introduction

Phallus Junius ex L. is a widespread (mostly in tropics and subtropics) easy

distinguished genus. Calonge (2005) cited 25 species of Phallus s.l., while

Kreisel (1996) listed approximately 31 species with 19 indusiate taxa (Kreisel &

Hausknecht 2009). Recently, several additional species have been described (Li

et al. 2005, Calonge et al. 2008, Desjardin & Perry 2009, Moreno et al. 2009),

so that by 2012, about 35 species (excluding doubtful taxa) were referred to the

genus.

Mycologists from Moscow State University and Komarov Botanical Institute

of Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) have been investigating mycobiota

diversity in Vietnam since 2010 under the auspices of the Research Program

of the Vietnam-Russian Tropical Research and Technological Centre (VRTC;

for details see Morozova et al. 2012). As a result, one new gasteroid species,

Calvatia holothurioides Rebriev, has been described (Rebriev 2013). In this

paper, we describe a new small lignicolous Phallus species.

Materials & methods

The material was collected during the March 29-April 14, 2012, expedition of VRTC

in Chu Yang Sin National Park (Krong Bong District, Dak Lak Province). The Park,

located 45 km southeast of Buon Ma Thuot Town, is one of the most important national

94 ... Rebriev, Pham, & Alexandrova

parks of Vietnam and represents a transitional forest between the lowland plain and

Central Highlands. With Bi Doup-Nui Ba National Park with which it is contiguous, it

forms the largest forest complex in Vietnam. The dominant vegetation type is broadleaf

evergreen forest with emergent conifer along the ridgelines.

Basidiomes were dried using silica gel and packed in plastic bags (grippers). The

type material is deposited in the mycological herbarium of the V.L. Komarov Botanical

Institute of RAS (LE). Microstructures were studied under a light microscope Micmed-6

using 5% KOH solution. Scanning electronic microphotographs (SEM) were taken using

a Carl Zeiss EVO-40 XVP in the South Science Center of Russian Academy of Sciences.

Microscopic measurements were made with the specialized software Scandium 5.0. The

collection was photographed in the field by A.V. Alexandrova, but without description.

So all measurements were made from dried material.

Taxonomy

Phallus coronatus Rebriev, sp. nov. PLATE 1

MycoBAnk MB 804357

Differs from Phallus drewesii by its larger basidiomes, its pinkish pileus with a

conspicuous apical disc, and its thicker pseudostipe reticulation ridges.

Type: Vietnam, Dak Lak Province, Krong Bong District, Chu Yang Sin National Park,

Krong Kmar, 1.5 km W of Chu Pan Phan mountain 12°22.57’N 108°20.53’E, 1377

m a.s.l, on a fallen unidentified tree trunk in a polydominant montane forest with

Fagaceae, Magnoliaceae, Theaceae, Podocarpaceae, 10 Apr. 2012. coll. A.V. Alexandrova

(Holotype, LE 295238).

ETYMOLOGY: coronatus, refers to conspicuous disc with flattered margins on the top of

pileus.

UNEXPANDED FRUITBODY (egg stage) ovoid, 10-14 x 8--10 mm, brownish gray

to dark brown, covered with unicolored scales and cracked; mycelial cords

thin, white, branched. MATURE BASIDIOMES 40-70 mm high. Pseudostipe <4

mm in diam., gradually narrowing upward, white, deeply reticulate-lacunose

with ellipsoid reticulations 2-3 x 0.5-1.5 mm. Indusium absent. Pileus

receptacle 9-15 mm high and 3-6 mm in diam., conical-truncate, reticulate,

pinkish; meshes polygonal, roundish to longitudinally extended, (0.7-)1

(-1.5) mm wide; apex truncated, formed by a plane, depressed, perforated,

disc-like surface. GLEBA olivaceous, foetid. VoLvA with surface features and

pigmentation identical to the egg stage. SpoRES 3.5-4.0 x 1.5-2.0 um, ellipsoid,

smooth, subhyaline.

EcoLoecy: Gregarious, lignicolous on fallen trees.

Discussion

There are several Phallus species with small basidiomes, white pseudostipe

when fresh, brownish exoperidium, and lignicolous habit.

Phallus drewesii Desjardin & B.A. Perry, which is the morphologically most

similar species to P. coronatus, produces smaller basidiomes, a white pileus

Phallus coronatus sp. nov. (Vietnam) ... 95

Pirate 1. Phallus coronatus (holotype, LE 295238): a. Fruitbodies; b. Unexpanded fruitbodies

(eggs); c. Basidiospores.

with a less conspicuous apical disc, and thinner ridges on the pseudostipe

reticulation (Desjardin & Perry 2009). Phallus minusculus Kreisel & Calonge

forms smaller basidiomes with a spongy (not reticulate) pseudostipe (Calonge

& Kreisel 2002). Phallus pygmaeus Baseia produces smaller basidiomes with

a smooth pileus (Baseia et al 2003). Phallus tenuis (E. Fisch.) Kuntze differs

in forming larger basidiomes with a yellow pileus and yellow pseudostipe

that is spongy and not reticulate (Calonge 2005). Phallus calongei G. Moreno

& Khalid, which is also characterized by a pileus topped by a conspicuous

96 ... Rebriev, Pham, & Alexandrova

disc, produces much larger basidiomes with spongy pseudostipes and is non-

lignicolous (Moreno et al. 2009).

The infrageneric position of P coronatus is not known. Based on its

reticulated perforated pileus, the new species could be referred to subgenus

Phallus (Kreisel 1996), close to section Phallus. However, its colored volva

would exclude P. coronatus from section Phallus. Molecular data could clarify

this problem.

The preliminary checklist of Vietnamese fungi (Trinh 1998) lists 50

gasteromycetous species from Vietnam, including four other Phallus species:

P. aurantiacus Mont., P. indusiatus Vent., P. multicolor (Berk. & Broome) Cooke,

and P. rubicundus (Bosc) Fr.

Acknowledgments

We express deepest gratitude to Prof. H. Kreisel, Prof. ED. Calonge, and Dr.

D.E. Desjardin for valuable advice. We thank Dr. K.V. Dvadnenko for preparing the

SEM photographs. The authors are grateful to director Tong Ngoc Chung and the

administration of the Chu Yang Sin National Park for providing the opportunity to

carry out the surveys in the Park. Our field studies in Vietnam were made possible

due to the support of the Joint Vietnam-Russian Tropical Research and Technological

Centre. We would like to express our thanks to Dr. A.N. Kuznetsov, Dr. Nguyen Dang

Khoi, and all expedition members for their great help during the fieldwork.

Literature cited

Baseia IG, Gibertoni TB, Maia IC. 2003. Phallus pygmaeus, a new minute species from tropical rain

forest. Mycotaxon 85: 77-79.

Calonge, FD. 2005. A tentative key to identify the species of Phallus. Bol. Soc. Micol. Madrid 29:

9-17.

Calonge FD, Kreisel H. 2002. Phallus minusculus sp. nova from Tropical Africa. Feddes Repert.

113(7-8): 600-602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fedr.200290007

Calonge FD, Menezes de Sequeira M, Freitas T, Rocha E, Franquinho L. 2008. Phallus maderensis

sp. nov., found in Madeira, Portugal. Bol. Soc. Micol. Madrid 32: 101-104.

Desjardin DE, Perry BA. 2009. A new species of Phallus from Sao Tomé, Africa. Mycologia

101(4): 545-547. http://dx.doi.org/10.3852/08-166

Kreisel H. 1996. A preliminary survey of the genus Phallus sensu lato. Czech Mycol. 48: 273-281.

Kreisel H, Hausknecht A. 2009. The gasteral basidiomycetes of Mascarenes and Seychelles 3. Some

recent records. Osterr. Z. Pilzk. 18: 149-159.

Li TH, Liu B, Song B, Deng WQ, Zhou TX. 2005. A new species of Phallus from China and

P. formosanus, new to the mainland. Mycotaxon 91: 309-314.

Moreno G, Khalid AN, Alvarado P. 2009. A new species of Phallus from Pakistan. Mycotaxon 108:

457-462. http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/108.457

Morozova OV, Popov ES, Kovalenko AE. 2012. Studies on mycobiota of Vietnam. I. Genus

Entoloma: New records and new species. Mikologiya i fitopatologiya 46(3): 184-200.

Rebriev YA. 2013. Calvatia holothurioides sp. nov. from Vietnam. Mikologiya i fitopatologiya 47(1):

223;

Trinh TK. 1998. Preliminary checklist of macrofungi of Vietnam. Feddes Repert. 109(3-4):

they FPN

MY COTAXON

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/127.97

Volume 127, pp. 97-101 January-March 2014

Distocercospora indica,

a new dematiaceous hyphomycete from central India

NAVEEN KUMAR VERMA’ & AKHILA NAND RAI

Department of Botany, Dr. H.S. Gour Central University, Sagar, M.P. 470 003, India

*CORRESPONDENCE TO: nkverma_mycology@yahoo.com

AsBstTRACT — The anamorphic fungus Distocercospora indica sp. nov., found on Holoptelea

integrifolia (Ulmaceae), in East Forest Division, Chhindwara, Madhya Pradesh, India, is

described, illustrated, and discussed.

Key worps — biodiversity, foliar disease, cercosporoid fungus, taxonomic novelty

Introduction

Distocercospora N. Pons & B. Sutton, a genus of cercosporoid dematiaceous

hyphomycetes (anamorphic fungi), was established by Pons & Sutton (1988)

with D. pachyderma (Syd. & P. Syd.) N. Pons & B. Sutton (= Cercospora

pachyderma Syd. & P. Syd.) on Dioscorea alata as type species. The

slightly thickened darkened conidiogenous loci and pigmented conidia of

Distocercospora resemble those in Passalora, from which Distocercospora differs

in producing conidia that are consistently distoseptate. Before phylogenetic

data were available, little significance was placed on distoseptation within

the cercosporoid complex (Crous & Braun 2003). However, recent molecular

sequence analyses of material of the type species (D. pachyderma) support

Distocercospora as a separate genus phylogenetically distinct from Passalora

(unpublished, U. Braun, in litt.).

Distocercospora is characterized by conidia that are solitary or (rarely) in

short chains, distoseptate, subhyaline to pale brown, with thickened darkened

hila, and schizolytic secession (Pons & Sutton 1988).

In addition to the new fungus described below, Distocercospora contains

three species: D. africana Crous & U. Braun, D. livistonae U. Braun & C.F. Hill

and D. pachyderma (Braun et al. 2006; Crous & Braun 1994; Pons & Sutton

1988).

98 ...Verma & Rai

Materials & methods

Living leaves with disease were collected during field trips. Detailed observations

of morphological characters were carried out by means of a light microscope using

oil immersion (1000x). Specimens for microscopic observations were prepared by

hand sectioning. Water and lactophenol cotton blue were used as mounting media.

Measurements were made of 30 conidia, hila and conidiophores and of 15 stromata.

Line drawings were prepared at a magnification of 1000x. The holotype is deposited

in Herbarium Cryptogamiae Indiae Orientalis (HCIO); Indian Agricultural Research

Institute, New Delhi, India and the isotype in the collections of Naveen Verma Rai

(NVR); Herbarium, Department of Botany, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University,

Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India).

Taxonomy

Distocercospora indica N. Verma & A.N. Rai, sp. nov. FIGS 1, 2

MycoBank MB 804806

Differs from other Distocercospora species by its much longer conidiophores and by

conidia that are sometimes catenate and constricted at the septa.

TYPE: India, Madhya Pradesh, Chhindwara, East Forest Division, on living leaves

of Holoptelea integrifolia (Roxb.) Planch. (Ulmaceae), Feb. 2009, coll. Naveen Kumar

Verma, (holotype HCIO 51096; isotype NVR 84).

ErymMo_oey: Latin, indica refers to the country of origin.

Infection spots amphigenous, circular to irregular. Colonies hypophyllous,

effuse, velvety, black. Mycelium internal; hyphae branched, septate, smooth,

brown to dark brown, 3-5um thick. Stromata well-developed, superficial,

pseudoparenchymatous, brown to blackish brown, 30-160um_ diam.

Conidiophores macronematous, densely fasciculate, erect to procumbent,

straight to flexuous, cylindrical, geniculate, simple to rarely branched at

the apex, pluriseptate, thick-walled, brown to dark brown, light brown at

the apex, 80-1000 x 4-6 um. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal or

intercalary, monoblastic or polyblastic, sympodial, denticulate (<4 um high),

scars conspicuously thickened and darkened, 1-1.5 um wide. Conidia solitary

to catenate, dry, acropleurogenous, simple, smooth, typically sickle-shaped,

rarely straight, 0-5-distoseptate, sometimes constricted at the septa, thin-

walled, smooth, fragile, obclavate to obclavate-cylindrical, apex obtuse, base

obconically truncate, light brown to olivaceous-brown, 25-90 x 4-5 um, hilum

projecting, thickened and darkened, basal thickening ring-like, 1-1.5 um wide.

REMARKS — No Distocercospora species has been reported on Holoptelea or

any other ulmaceous host. Distocercospora africana and D. pachyderma were

reported on Dioscorea spp. (Dioscoreaceae) and D. livistonae on Livistona

chinensis (Arecaceae).

Distocercospora indica sp. nov. (India) ... 99

Fic. 1. Distocercospora indica (holotype).a. Symptoms; b. stroma, conidiophores, and conidium;

c-d. well developed stroma; e. tip of conidiophores; f. intercalary conidiogenous cells; g. conidia

with projected hilum; h. conidia; i. germinating conidia; j. catenate conidia. Scale bars: a = 1 cm;

b, e-j = 20 um; c = 100 um; d = 40 um.

Conidiophores of D. indica are much longer than in D. africana (15-80 x

3-10 um), D. livistonae (40-280 x 3-6 um) and D. pachyderma (75-600 x 3.5-6

100 ...Verma & Rai

Fic. 2. Distocercospora indica (holotype).

a. Symptoms; b-c: stroma, conidiophores, and conidia; d. conidia.

Scale bars: a = 1 cm; b-d = 20 um.

uum). Conidia of D. indica are somewhat shorter than in D. africana (30-110 x

3-5 um) and somewhat narrower than in D. pachyderma (30-100 x 4.5-7 um).

Conidia of D. indica and D. livistonae (20-85 x 4-7 um) are similar in size,

Distocercospora indica sp. nov. (India) ... 101

but those of D. livistonae are non-catenate and lack constrictions at the septa

and a projecting hilum. A few conidia of D. indica also show a small pointed

protuberance towards the proximal end (indicated by arrows in Fic. 1) that

facilitates conidial germination.

Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to Prof. Uwe Braun and Dr. Eric H.C. McKenzie for

reviewing the manuscript. We also express our deep thanks to Dr. Shaun Pennycook for

nomenclatural review. Authors’ thanks are also due to the Curator, HCIO, New Delhi,

for accepting the holotype specimen and providing an accession number. The financial

assistance received through UGC New Delhi to NKV is gratefully acknowledged.

Literature cited

Braun U, Hill CE, Schubert, K. 2006. New species and new records of biotrophic micromycetes

from Australia, Fiji, New Zealand and Thailand. Fungal Diversity 22: 13-35.

Crous PW, Braun U. 1994. Cercospora species and similar fungi occurring in South Africa. Sydowia

46(2): 204-224.

Crous PW, Braun U. 2003. Mycosphaerella and its anamorphs: 1. Names published in Cercospora

and Passalora. CBS Biodiversity Series 1: 1-569.

Pons N, Sutton BC. 1988. Cercospora and similar fungi on yams (Dioscorea species). Mycological

Papers 160:1-78.

MY COTAXON

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/127.103

Volume 127, pp. 103-109 January-March 2014

Mensularia lithocarpi sp. nov.

from Yunnan Province, southwestern China

Li-WEI ZHOU

State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology,

Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, P. R. China

CORRESPONDENCE TO: liwei_zhou1982@163.com

Axsstract — Mensularia lithocarpi is described and illustrated from Yunnan Province,

southwestern China. Both morphological and phylogenetic evidence indicates the new

species belongs to Mensularia. It is distinguished from two quite similar species, Mensularia

nodulosa and M. hastifera, by the combination of lack of hymenial setae, presence of hyphoid

setae, smaller basidiospores, and growth on Lithocarpus chintungensis in southwestern China.

Key worps — Hymenochaetaceae, Hymenochaetales, polypore, taxonomy

Introduction

Mensularia Lazaro Ibiza is one of four genera segregated from Inonotus P.

Karst. sensu lato (Dai 2010: 264). This genus is typified by the Boletus radiatus

Sowerby (= Mensularia radiata (Sowerby) Lazaro Ibiza; Ryvarden 1991).

Mensularia differs from Inonotus sensu stricto and the other three segregate

genera (Inocutis Fiasson & Niemela, Inonotopsis Parmasto, and Onnia P. Karst.)

by its strongly cyanophilous basidiospores (Dai 2010). It is also characterized

by annual basidiocarps on angiosperms, a monomitic hyphal system, and

presence of hymenial setae (Ghobad-Nejhad & Kotiranta 2008). Wagner &

Fischer (2001), who confirmed Mensularia as an independent genus through

their nuclear large subunit rDNA (nLSU)-based phylogeny, added two species,

M. hastifera (Pouzar) T. Wagner & M. Fisch. and M. nodulosa (Fr.) T. Wagner &

M. Fisch. Later, M. crocitincta (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) T. Wagner & M. Fisch. was

included in Mensularia based on morphological characters, in contradiction

to the phylogenetic evidence (Wagner & Fischer 2002). Currently, these four

species are accepted in this phylogenetically heterogeneous genus.

In China, only one Mensularia species, M. radiata, was previously recorded

(Dai 2012), although many new species belonging to poroid Hymenochaetaceae

104 ... Zhou

have been originally described (Dai & Cui 2005, Cui & Dai 2008, Dai et al. 2008,

Cui et al. 2009, Zhou & Jia 2010, Zhou & Dai 2012, Zhou & Qin 2012, 2013,

Zhou & Xue 2012, Cui & Decock 2013, Zhou 2013, 2014). During repeated field

surveys for polypores in 2013, an unknown specimen was collected in Yunnan

Province, southwestern China. This specimen, which is both morphologically

and phylogenetically supported as a new Mensularia species, is described and

illustrated here. An identification key to worldwide species of Mensularia

adapted from Ghobad-Nejhad & Kotiranta (2008) is provided.

Materials & methods

The studied specimens were deposited at the herbaria of Institute of Applied Ecology,

Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China (IFP), Institute of Microbiology,

Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, PR. China (BJFC), and Botanical Museum, Finnish

Museum of Natural History, Helsinki, Finland (H). The microscopic procedure follows

Zhou (2013). The following abbreviations are used: L = mean basidiospore length

(arithmetic average of all basidiospores), W = mean basidiospore width (arithmetic

average of all basidiospores), Q = the L/W ratio, and n = number of basidiospores

measured/number of specimens measured. Sections prepared in Melzer’s reagent,

Cotton Blue and 5% potassium hydroxide were studied using a Nikon Eclipse 80i

microscope at magnification x1000. When presenting the variation in basidiospore size,

the upper and lower 5% of measurements are excluded from the range and the extreme

values are presented in parentheses. Line drawings were made with the aid of a light

tube. Special color terms follow Petersen (1996).

Phire Plant Direct PCR Kit (Finnzymes Oy, Finland) was used to amplify nLSU

from herbarium specimen Dai 13235 with primers LROR and LR7 (Vilgalys & Hester

1990). The PCR product was sequenced with same primers. The newly generated

sequence was deposited at GenBank (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank). Other

nLSU sequences (FIGURE 1) from species of Inonotus sensu lato were downloaded from

GenBank for phylogenetic analysis. The nLSU from Phellinus igniarius (L.) Quél. was

also downloaded as outgroup according to Wagner & Fischer (2001). The dataset was

aligned using ClustalX 2.0 (Larkin et al. 2007) with default parameters. The neighbor-

47 Mensularia nodulosa AF311016

100 |-— Mensularia hastifera AF311013

esenien radiata AF311018

head 78 Mensularia lithocarpi Dai 13235

Mensularia crocitincta AY 059043

+__>——— Onnia tomentosa AF311023

88 Inonotopsis subiculosa AF311020

Inocutis rheades AF311019

60 Inonotus hispidus AF311014

Phellinus igniarius AF311033

0.01

FicurE 1. Neighbor-joining tree from nLSU sequences, indicating the phylogenetic position of the

Mensularia lithocarpi holotype (Dai 13235).

Mensularia lithocarpi sp. nov. (China) ... 105

joining (NJ) tree was constructed using MEGA 5 (Tamura et al. 2011) based on

Maximum Composite Likelihood of nucleotide model and complete deletion of gaps/

missing data with 1,000 bootstrap replicates.

Taxonomy

Mensularia lithocarpi L.W. Zhou, sp. nov. FIGURES 2, 3

MycoBank MB 808395

Differs from Mensularia nodulosa by its lack of hymenial setae, its hyphoid setae, and its

smaller basidiospores.

Type: China. Yunnan Province, Puer, Jingdong County, Ailaoshan Nature Reserve, on

rotten wood of Lithocarpus chintungensis Y.C. Hsu & H.J. Qian (Fagaceae), 13. VII.2013,

Dai 13235 (holotype, BJFC; isotype, IFP; GenBank KF684968).

Erymo.oey: lithocarpi (Lat.): refers to the host genus.

BASIDIOCARPS annual, resupinate to nodulose-pileate on the effused part,

inseparable, without odor or taste when fresh, up to 5.2 cm in longest

dimension, 3 cm wide. PILE! projecting up to 2 mm, 7 mm wide, and 3 mm

thick at base. PILEAL SURFACE glabrous, straw-yellow; MARGIN obtuse, honey-

yellow. PORE SURFACE straw-yellow to honey-yellow; sTERILE MARGIN distinct,

first straw-yellow, later honey-yellow, up to 5 mm wide; pores angular, 4-6

ae uy \ vad eg

FiGuRE 2. Mensularia lithocarpi (holotype). Basidiocarps.

106 ... Zhou

Sa eOne’ a

Or ©: Oi, arc

Figure 3. Mensularia lithocarpi (holotype). a: Basidiospores. b: Basidia and basidioles.

c: Hyphoid setae. d: Hyphae from trama. e: Hyphae from subiculum.

per mm; DISSEPIMENTS thin, entire to occasionally lacerate. SUBICULUM straw-

yellow, corky, up to 0.5 mm thick. TuBEs concolorous with subiculum, corky,

up to 5 mm long on oblique part.

HYPHAL SYSTEM monomitic; GENERATIVE HYPHAE simple septate; tissue

becoming reddish brown but otherwise unchanged in 5% potassium hydroxide.

CONTEXTUAL HYPHAE hyaline to pale yellowish, thin-walled with a wide lumen,

unbranched, frequently simple septate, straight, regularly arranged, 2-4 um

in diam.; TRAMAL HYPHAE hyaline to yellowish, thin- to slightly thick-walled

with a wide lumen, unbranched, frequently simple septate, straight, subparallel

along the tubes, 3-4.5 um in diam. HYMENIAL SETAE absent; HYPHOID SETAE

prominent, brown to dark brown, thick-walled with a wide lumen, sometimes

penetrating into hymenium, up to several hundred um long and 15 um in

diam. in the widest part, apex sharp-pointed; cysTrpIA and CYSTIDIOLES

absent. Basip1a barrel-shaped, hyaline, thin-walled, with four sterigmata and

a simple septum at the base, 7-11 x 4-7 um; BASIDIOLES similar to basidia

in shape, but slightly smaller. Bastpiosporess ellipsoid, hyaline, slightly

thick-walled, smooth, inamyloid and non-dextrinoid, strongly cyanophilous,

(3.8-)3.9-4.6(-4.9) x (2.8-)2.9-3.5(-3.7) um, L = 4.19 um, W = 3.19 um, Q =

31% = 30LL):

Mensularia lithocarpi sp. nov. (China) ... 107

OTHER SPECIMEN EXAMINED: Mensularia nodulosa. POLAND, WojJEwODzTWO

KRAKOWSKIE, Ojcowski Park Narodowy, on fallen trunk of Fagus sylvatica, 19.1X.1978

Tuomo Niemela 1353 (H; duplicate, IFP).

REMARKS: Mensularia lithocarpi has annual basidiocarps, a monomitic hyphal

system, and strongly cyanophilous basidiospores, which are the diagnostic

morphological characters of Mensularia. In the NJ tree (Figure 1) from an

alignment with 864 sites of 10 taxa, M. lithocarpi clustered with M. hastifera,

M. nodulosa, and M. radiata with strong support (100%), indicating the new

species belongs to Mensularia. Ghobad-Nejhad & Kotiranta (2008) treated

ventricose hymenial setae as a shared character of Mensularia. Because

M. lithocarpi has abundant hyphoid setae and no hymenial setae, it would be

better to consider the presence of setae (either hymenial or hyphoid) as the

stable character of Mensularia.

Macroscopically, M. lithocarpi is quite similar to M. nodulosa by sharing

annual and resupinate to nodulose-pileate basidiocarps. However, M. nodulosa

has larger basidiocarps (4.5-5 x 3.5-4 um), lacks hyphoid setae, and bears

hymenial setae (Ryvarden 2005). Mensularia hastifera has hyphoid setae, but

it differs from M. lithocarpi in the entirely resupinate basidiocarps, longer

basidiospores (4.5-5.2 x 3-4 um), and presence of hymenial setae (Ryvarden

2005).

In addition, M. hastifera and M. nodulosa grow primarily on Fagus sylvatica

in Europe and eastward to the Caucasus and Turkey (Ryvarden 2005), while

the type specimen of M. lithocarpi inhabits Lithocarpus chintungensis in

southwestern China.

World key to species of Mensularia

la. Pores 7-9 per mm, known only from the Caribbean................ M. crocitincta

1b. Pores <7 per mm, known from other parts of the world than the Caribbean ...... 2

2a. Basigiocarps-distiictly pileatey eM .sh ee. 28 eM SRE AR SE Ae A aE M. radiata

2b. Basidiocarps resupinate or nodulose-pileate........... 0... eee eee eee eee eee 3

3a. Growth mainly on Fagus sylvatica; hymenial setae present,

basidiospores niostly.>425: (tm Tong Fos 102 Fa pce etapa Pape Bags Paps le eat 4

3b. Growth on Lithocarpus chintungensis; hymenial setae absent, basidiospores mostly

a. Soy Unc £01 y e oee cope Octo Sieh A ce oS or Te erty oe ee ee oe M. lithocarpi

4a. Basidiocarps entirely resupinate; both hymenial and hyphoid setae present

Hcben My aban tr satay druLUR ddedei 9 dyleg ea dnp teh deg dhe gps 8 dng tekken M. hastifera

4b. Basidiocarps resupinate to nodulose-pileate; hymenial setae present,

hyphoitsetae absent ,..2444-sadpeadbitad hited bisadhitedostadd M. nodulosa

Acknowledgements

I express my gratitude to Drs. Shuang-Hui He (Beijing Forestry University, China)

and Josef Vlasak (Biology Centre of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic,

108 ... Zhou

Czech Republic) who reviewed the manuscript before final submission. The research was

financed by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project No. 31200015)

and the Youth Fund for Creative Research Groups, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese

Academy of Sciences.

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China, with preliminary phylogeny based on rDNA sequences. Mycol. Prog. 12: 341-351.

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Dai YC, Cui BK. 2005. Two new species of Hymenochaetaceae from eastern China. Mycotaxon 94:

341-347.

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from China based on morphological and molecular characters. Mycol. Res. 112: 375-380.

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Mensularia worldwide. Ann. Bot. Fennici 45: 465-476. http://dx.doi.org/10.5735/085.045.0605

Larkin MA, Blackshields G, Brown NP, Chenna R, McGettigan PA, McWilliam H, Valentin F,

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Clustal X version 2.0. Bioinformatics 23: 2947-2948.

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Ryvarden L. 2005. The genus Inonotus, a synopsis. Synopsis Fungorum 21: 1-149.

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Vilgalys R, Hester M. 1990. Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11557-012-0806-1

MY COTAXON

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/127.111

Volume 127, pp. 111-113 January-March 2014

Radulodon acaciae sp. nov. from India

GURPREET KAUR, AVNEET PAL SINGH”, & G.S. DHINGRA

Department of Botany, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, India

*CORRESPONDENCE TO: avneetbot@gmail.com

ABSTRACT — A new corticioid species, Radulodon acaciae is described, associated with trees

of Acacia nilotica from Chandigarh (India).

KEY worps — Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota, bark, odontioid

While conducting fungal forays in Chandigarh (India), Gurpreet and G\S.

Dhingra made a few collections of resupinate, odontioid fungi associated with

trees of Acacia nilotica. After comparison of macroscopic and microscopic

features (Rattan 1977, Eriksson et al. 1981, Stalpers 1998, Nakasone 2001,

Bernicchia & Gorjén 2010), the collections have been identified as a species

of Radulodon based on their hydnoid monomitic basidiocarps, slightly thick-

walled, clamped hyphae, and broadly ellipsoid basidiospores. The new fungus

is described here as R. acaciae, a species close to R. erikssonii. A portion of the

basidiocarp was sent to Prof. Nils Hallenberg (Denmark), who confirmed the

findings.

Radulodon acaciae G. Kaur, Avneet P. Singh & Dhingra sp. nov. Fics 1-6

MycoBank MB 805641

Differs from Radulodon erikssonii by its brownish orange to brownish grey hymenial

surface, its brownish tramal hyphae, its smaller, broadly ellipsoid to subglobose

basidiospores, and its tropical South Asian distribution on Acacia (Leguminosae).

Type: India, Union Territory, Chandigarh, Sector-18-D park, on bark of tree of Acacia

nilotica (L.) Delile, 1 September 2012, G.S. Dhingra 5982 (PUN, holotype).

Erymo.ocy: The epithet refers to the substrate genus.

Basidiocarps resupinate, adnate, effused, <996 um thick in section, hymenial

surface hydnoid with dense spines <3mm long, cylindrical and tapering to

ageregated and flattened; brownish orange to brownish red to violet brown

when fresh, becoming dark grayish on drying; margins wavy, very thin and

112 ... Kaur, Singh, & Dhingra

PiaTE 1. Radulodon acaciae (holotype). 14. Mature basidiocarp showing hydnoid hymenial

surface; 1B. Younger basidiocarp showing margins; 2. Basidiospores; 3. Basidia; 4. Hyphae;

5. Cystidia; 6 Vertical section through a portion of spine showing tramal hyphae, basidia, cystidia,

and basidiospores.

Radulodon acaciae sp. nov. (India) ... 113

greyish in young basidiocarps; thinning, paler concolorous, to indeterminate

in mature basidiocarps. Hyphal system monomitic; generative hyphae <3.2 um

wide, branched, septate, clamped; basal hyphae intertwined and parallel to the

substrate, tramal hyphae running more or less parallel, with thickened, light

brownish walls; subhymenial hyphae compactly arranged, thin-walled. Cystidia

39-121 x 8.2-13.5 um, clavate, thin- to slightly thick-walled, with resinous

encrustation at the tip, originating in the trama and subhymenium but hardly

projecting . Basidia 19.0-30.0 x 5.2-6.5 um, clavate, 4-sterigmate, with basal

clamp; sterigmata <3.0 um long. Basidiospores 4.5-5.8 x 3.5-4.2 um, broadly

ellipsoid to subglobose, with thickened walls, inamyloid, acyanophilous.

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: INDIA, UNION TERRITORY, Chandigarh, back

side of Sukhna Lake, on bark of Acacia nilotica, 17 August 2013, Gurpreet 5983 (PUN);

forest at the back side of Rock Garden, on bark of A. nilotica, 16 August 2013, Gurpreet

5984 (PUN).

REMARKS — Radulodon acaciae is similar to R. erikssonii Ryvarden, which

differs in its yellowish to pale buff hymenial surface, its hyaline tramal hyphae,

its larger (6-8 x 5-6 um) globose to subglobose basidiospores, and its temperate

to subarctic Scandinavian distribution on Populus (Salicaceae) (Erikkson et al.

1981).

Acknowledgements

The authors thank Head, Department of Botany, Punjabi University, Patiala, for

providing research facilities; Dr. Nils Hallenberg, Professor Emeritus (University of

Gothenburg) for peer review and expert comments; and Prof. B.M. Sharma (Department

of Plant Pathology, COA, CSKHPAU, Palampur, H.P., India) for peer review.

Literature cited

Bernicchia A, Gorjon SP. 2010. Corticiaceae s.1. Fungi Europaei 12. Edizioni Candusso. Alassio,

Italia. 1008 p.

Eriksson J, Hjortstam K, Ryvarden L. 1981. The Corticiaceae of North Europe. 6. Phlebia - Sarcodontia.

Oslo. pp. 1051-1276.

Nakasone KK. 2001. Taxonomy of the genus Radulodon. Harvard Pap. Bot. 6(1): 163-177.

Rattan SS. 1977. The resupinate Aphyllophorales of the North Western Himalayas. Bibliotheca

Mycologica 60. 427 p.

Stalpers JA. 1998. On the genera Sarcodontia, Radulodon and Pseudolagarobasidium. Folia Cryptog.

Estonia 33: 133-138.

MY COTAXON

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/127.115

Volume 127, pp. 115-120 January-March 2014

Microfungi from Costa Rica.

A new species and a new combination in Codinaea

MILAGRO GRANADOS’, RAFAEL FE. CASTANEDA-RUIZ?,

OSCAR CASTRO’, Davip W. MINTER?, & BRYCE KENDRICK*

‘Centro de Investigaciones en Proteccién de Cultivos (CIPROC), Universidad de Costa Rica

?Instituto de Investigaciones Fundamentales en Agricultura Tropical Alejandro de Humboldt’

(INIFAT), Académico Titular de la Academia de Ciencias de Cuba,

Calle 1 Esq. 2, Santiago de Las Vegas, C. Habana, Cuba, C.P.17200

*Bakeham Lane, Egham, Surrey, TW20 9TY, United Kingdom

*Mycologue, 8727 Lochside Drive, Sidney, BC V8L 1M8 Canada

*CORRESPONDENCE TO: maria.granadosmontero@ucr.ac.cr, milagranados@gmail.com

ABSTRACT — Codinaea delicata sp. nov., a new microfungus (hyphomycete) collected on

decaying leaves of an unidentified plant, is described and illustrated. It is distinguished by

synnematous determinate conidiomata and monophialidic and polyphialidic conidiogenous

cells that produce subreniform unicellular hyaline conidia with a single unbranched setula at

each end. Codinaea dendroidea comb. nov. is proposed, and a key to synnematous Codinaea

species is provided.

KEY worps — asexual fungi, systematics, leaf litter

Introduction

Maire (1937) erected Codinaea for the type species, C. aristata. He

characterized the genus by distinct single brown to pale brown conidiophores

that form a more or less fasciculate circle around a dark brown thick-walled

septate seta. The conidiogenous cells were mono- or polyphialidic, terminal,

determinate or with a few sympodial extensions and with distinct funnel-

shaped flaring sometimes collapsed collarettes at the conidiogenous loci and

producing unicellular or septate falcate to lunate hyaline conidia with a filiform

appendage at each end. Hughes & Kendrick (1968), who added twelve species

and expanded the generic concept by including species without setae and with

synnematous conidiomata, considered the conidium ontogeny “phialidic”

and conidiogenous cells with distinct funnel-shaped collarettes as primary

generic characters. Gamundi et al. (1977), who examined several specimens

116 ... Granados-Montero & al.

of Dictyochaeta fuegiana Speg. (the type species) collected on dead leaves of

Nothofagus dombeyi (Mirb.) Oerst., considered Dictyochaeta (Spegazzini

1923) an earlier name for Codinaea (Maire 1937). The two genera share a

phialidic conidium ontogeny with funnel-shaped flaring collarettes at the

conidiogenous loci and erect straight septate brown setae accompanying the

conidiophores. However, in Dictyochaeta fuegiana the conidia are cylindrical,

curved, unicellular, and hyaline and lack appendages. Molecular evidence

provided by Réblova & Winka (2000), were commented upon and accepted by

Seifert et al. (2011) and Li et al. (2012), who supported segregation of Codinaea

and Dictyochaeta. Li et al. (2012) recommended that species with filiform

appendages be retained in Codinaea while taxa lacking appendages be placed

in Dictyochaeta.

During a 2012 fungal conservation workshop at the University of Costa

Rica, more than 250 samples of dead plant material colonized by microfungi

were collected in several forests of Cartago Province, Costa Rica. Among these

samples was a conspicuous synnematous fungus, an apparently undescribed

Codinaea species, which we describe and illustrate here.

Materials & methods

Individual collections were placed in paper and plastic bags taken to the laboratory

and treated according to Castafeda (2005). Mounts were prepared in polyviny] alcohol-

glycerol (8 g PVA in 100 ml of water, plus 5 ml of glycerol) and measurements made

at a magnification of x1000. Micrographs were obtained with a Zeiss Axioskop 40

microscope (Germany).

Taxonomy

Codinaea delicata R.F. Castafieda, Granados & O. Castro, sp. nov. Fics 1, 2

MycoBank MB801378

Differs from other synnematous Codinaea species by the smaller size and different shape

of its conidia (sublunate to subreniform).

Type Costa Rica, Cartago Province, Orosi, Rio Macho, 9°45N 83°51’W, on decaying

leaves of unidentified plant, 12 July 2012, coll. M. Granados, V. Vargas, G. Arroyo & I.

Castro (Holotype: USJ 83283).

Erymo.oey: Latin, delicata, means delicate, dainty, pretty.

CoONIDIOMATA on the natural substrate synnematous, scattered, determinate,

200-250 um tall, 20-25 um wide at the base, dark brown below and brown

toward the apex, amphigenous. Mycelium superficial and immersed,

composed of septate, branched, brown, smooth-walled hyphae 1-3 um diam.

CONIDIOPHORES distinct, erect, septate, closely packed in the synnematal

stipe, slightly divergent toward the apex, 3-4 um diam, brown to dark

brown, smooth. CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS mono-and polyphialidic, integrated,

17-25 x 3-3.5 um, mostly determinate, but sometimes indeterminate with

Codinaea sp. nov. & comb. nov. (Costa Rica) ... 117

Fic. 1. Codinaea delicata (ex holotype USJ 83283). A-B. Conidiomata, conidiophores and

conidiogenous cells. C. Conidia.

118 ... Granados-Montero & al.

Fic. 2. Codinaea delicata (ex holotype USJ 83283).

Conidiomata, conidiophores, conidiogenous cell and conidia. Scale bars = 10 um.

few sympodial extensions, terminal, integrated, brown to pale brown, with

1-3 funnel-shaped collarettes, 2.5-4 um diam. and 3-4 um deep. CONIDIA

sublunate to subreniform, acuminate at the ends, unicellular, 6-7 4-5 um,

hyaline, smooth-walled, with a filiform appendage, 7-9 um long at each end;

accumulating in white mucilaginous masses.

Codinaea sp. nov. & comb. nov. (Costa Rica) ... 119

Notes: Among 41 Codinaea species recorded in Index Fungorum (2012), only

one has synnematous conidiomata: C. obesispora S. Hughes & W.B. Kendr.

That species and our new combination C. dendroidea (see below) share this

character with C. delicata, but their conidia are falcate to broadly falcate and

larger and so cannot be confused with those of C. delicata.

Three monematous Dictyochaeta species (D. renispora Whitton et al.,

D. tilikfrei Bhat & B. Sutton, D. tropicalis Bhat & W.B. Kendr.) are somewhat

similar to C. delicata. Dictyochaeta renispora, found on decaying leaves

of Freycinetia excelsa, F. multiploa, and Pandanus sp., has monophialidic

conidiogenous cells with several percurrent extensions and ellipsoid to reniform,

aseptate conidia, rounded at both ends, 6-8x 3-4 um, with a filiform, 6-12 um

long appendage at both ends (Whitton et al. 2000). Dictyochaeta tilikfrei, found

on decaying branches of an unidentified plant, has polyphialidic conidiogenous

cells and broad fusiform to falcate, aseptate conidia, guttulate on the concave

side, 20-25 x 10-12 um, and obtuse at both ends with a filiform 6-12 um long

appendage at each end (Bhat & Sutton 1985). Dictyochaeta tropicalis, found

on decaying leaves of an unidentified plant, produces ellipsoid to drop-shaped

aseptate conidia, pointed at the apex, truncate to obtuse at the base, 7.5-9.5 x

3-5 um, with a filiform straight 2.5-3 um long apical appendix and a filiform

curved <3.5 um long appendix arising from one side of the broadly truncate

base (Bhat & Kendrick 1993). No other monematous Dictyochaeta or Codinaea

species are similar to C. delicata.

Codinaea dendroidea (Kuthub.) R.E Castafteda, W.B. Kendr. & Minter, comb. nov.

MycoBank MB801579

= Dictyochaeta dendroidea Kuthub., Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 89: 411 (1987).

This new combination is proposed because Dictyochaeta dendroidea

has characters that fit the generic concept of Codinaea. It has synnematal

conidiomata and polyphialidic conidiogenous cells with several inconspicuous

lateral and terminal collarettes, and its conidia are falcate, hyaline, and with a

filiform appendage at each end (Kuthubutheen 1987).

Key to synnematous Codinaea species

1. Conidia short and broad sublunate to subreniform, acuminate at the ends,

unicellular, 6-7 x 4-5 um, hyaline, smooth-walled, with a filiform appendage

POMONA CASING 5 Lace Cer Piet ec Fig lak dic et la Pies fetes | aie oe C. delicata

i Conidromata not sublunate Orsu DreNHOEIA, 2, "ic bab cea da hora t eg boek Be Bova Dae oats aed 2.

2. Conidia falcate, unicellular, 12.5-16 x 2-3 um, hyaline, smooth-walled,

with a filiform appendage <6 um long at eachend............... C. dendroidea

2. Conidia broadly falcate, unicellular, 17-21 x 5-6 um, hyaline, smooth-walled,

with a filiform appendage <6 um long at eachend ............... C. obesispora

120 ... Granados-Montero & al.

Acknowledgments

The authors express their sincere gratitude to Dr. Lori Carris and Dr. De-Wei Li

for their critical review of the manuscript. The authors are deeply indebted to the

Universidad de Costa Rica and the Cuban Ministry of Agriculture for facilities. RFCR

also thanks the “Programa de Salud Animal y Vegetal,” project P131LH003033 Cuban

Ministry of Science, Technology, and Environment for facilities. We also thank Beatriz

Ramos for technical assistance. We acknowledge the facilities provided by Dr. P.M. Kirk

and Drs. V. Robert, G. Stegehuis and Arthur Decock through the IndexFungorum and

Mycobank websites. Dr. Lorelei L. Norvell’s editorial review and Dr. Shaun Pennycook’s

nomenclature review are greatly appreciated.

Literature cited

Bhat DJ, Kendrick WB. 1993. Twenty-five new conidial fungi from the Western Ghats and the

Adaman Islands (India). Mycotaxon 49: 19-90.

Bhat DJ, Sutton BC. 1985. Some phialidic hyphomycetes from Ethiopia. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 84:

723-730. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0007-1536(85)80130-3

Castafieda-Ruiz RF. 2005. Metodologia en el estudio de los hongos anamorfos. 182-183, in: Anais

do V Congresso Latino Americano de Micologia. Brasilia.

Gamundi IJ, Arambarri AM, Giaiotti AL. 1977. Microflora de la hojarasca de Nothofagus dombeyi.

Darwiniana 21: 81-114.

Hughes SJ, Kendrick WB. 1968. New Zealand fungi 12. Menispora, Codinaea, Menisporopsis. New

Zealand J. Bot. 6: 323-337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/002825X.1968.10428818

Index Fungorum. 2012. http://www.indexfungorum.org/Names/Names.asp. Accession date:

2012-09-07.

Kuthubutheen AJ. 1987. A new synnematous Dictyochaeta from Malaysia. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc.

89: 411-414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0007-1536(87)80134-1

Li DW, Kendrick B, Chen JY. 2012. Two new hyphomycetes: Codinaea sinensis sp. nov. and

Parapleurotheciopsis quercicola sp. nov., and two new records from Quercus phillyraeoides leaf

litter. Mycol. Prog. 11: 899-905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11557-011-0805-7

Maire R. 1937. Fungi Catalaunici: Series altera. Contributions a létude de la flore mycologique de

la Catalogne. Publicacions del Instituto Botanico, Barcelona. 3(4): 1-128.

Réblova M, Winka K. 2000. Phylogeny of Chaetosphaeria and its anamorphs based on morphological

and molecular data. Mycologia 92: 939-954. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3761589

Seifert K, Morgan-Jones G, Gams W, Kendrick B. 2011. The genera of hyphomycetes. CBS

Biodiversity Series 9: 1-997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/003158511X617435

Spegazzini C. 1923. Algunos hongos de Tierra del Fuego. Physis 7: 7-23.

Whitton SR. McKenzie EHC, Hyde KD. 2000. Dictyochaeta and Dictyochaetopsis species from the

Pandanaceae. Fungal Diversity 4: 133-158.

MY COTAXON

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/127.121

Volume 127, pp. 121-127 January-March 2014

Ramichloridium apiculatum, a new record for China,

causing sooty blotch and flyspeck

Li WANG’, YINYIN Du’, LIANGLIANG JU', YANGMEI ZHAO’,

RONG ZHANG', GUANGYU SUN’ & MARK L. GLEASON?

'State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection,

Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China

*Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University,

Ames, Iowa 50011, U.S.A

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: sgy@nwsuaf.edu.cn

AxBstRAcT — Ramichloridium apiculatum associated with sooty blotch and flyspeck is

described and reported for the first time in China. The strains were isolated from the cuticle

of pear and apple collected from orchards in Anhui and Jiangsu Provinces. Morphological

characters and phylogenetic analysis, based on ITS sequences, indicated that the fungus is

distinct from the other known species in the genus Ramichloridium.

Key worps — Dissoconiaceae, Capnodiales, discrete speck, taxonomy, phylogeny

Introduction

Sooty blotch and flyspeck (SBFS) is a fungal complex that causes blemishes

on the epicuticular wax layer of a variety of plants. It occurs in humid regions

worldwide and is regarded as an economically serious disease (Batzer et al.

2008, Gleason et al. 2011, Li et al. 2012).

Ramichloridium was originally described by Stahel (1937), but the name was

invalid because of the lack of a Latin diagnosis. The genus was validated by de

Hoog (1977) with Chloridium apiculatum ( R. apiculatum) as type species. The

generic characters used for taxonomic circumscription by de Hoog (1977) were

erect dark branched or non-branched conidiophores with different degrees of

differentiation, sympodial proliferation, and aseptate conidia (Arzanlou et

al. 2007). According to MycoBank (accessed March 30, 2014), more than 39

species of Ramichloridium have been proposed.

The objective of this paper is to identify and describe Ramichloridium

apiculatum as a newly recorded causal agent of SBFS on pear and apple from

China.

122 ... Wang & al.

Materials & methods

Isolates and morphology

Strains were isolated from colonies displaying the discrete speck (DS) mycelial

type (Batzer et al. 2005), LWHDSL1 (GenBank KC986369), LWHDSL5 (GenBank

KC986370), LWHDSL26 (GenBank KC986371) were collected by WH Li on pear from

orchards near Dangshang, Anhui Province and WLXZSN33 (GenBank KC986372),

WLXZSN43 (GenBank KC986373) were collected by L Wang & YM Zhao on apple

in Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province in China during October 2012. Individual sclerotium-

like bodies (Batzer et al. 2005) were transferred from the surface of pear and apple to

slants of potato-dextrose agar (PDA, Difco) and cultured at 25°C in the dark (Sun et al.

2003). After about 1 month, colonies were transferred to fresh PDA and malt extract

agar (MEA, Difco) plates for describing and photographing. Additionally, hyphal tips

from PDA slants were transferred to fresh PDA plates into which a sterile cover slip had

been partially inserted into the agar at a 60° angle adjacent to the inoculum, in order to

induce the fungus to grow onto the cover slip. Fungal fruiting structures that formed on

the cover slips were examined, and 30 measurements were made of each feature.

Culture characteristics were described based on colonies on PDA plates at 25°C

for one month and on MEA plates at 24°C for 14 d, both of which were incubated in

darkness. Specimens and cultures were deposited in Fungal Laboratory, Northwest A&F

University.

DNA extraction, PCR, and sequencing

The fungus was grown on PDA and genomic DNA was extracted following Li et al.

(2011). The primer pairs ITS1-F (Gardes & Bruns 1993) and ITS4 (White et al. 1990)

were used to amplify and sequence the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of

nuclear ribosomal DNA. The PCR reaction consisted of 1 unit of Taq polymerase, 1 x

PCR buffer, 2 mM MgCl, 0.2 mM of each dNTP, 0.4 uM of each primer, and 2 uL of

template DNA, made up to a total volume of 25 uL with sterile water. Amplifications

were performed on a Bio-Rad PCR System $1000TM Thermal Cycler. The PCR cycling

parameters were initial denaturation at 94°C for 90 min, 35 cycles of denaturation

at 94°C for 35 s, annealing at 52°C for 60 s, extension at 72°C for 1 min, and a final

extension step at 72°C for 10 min. Sequencing of the PCR product was performed at

Sangon Biotech (Shanghai, China).

Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis

AILITS nucleotide sequences were aligned with GenBank sequences that displayed a

high degree of similarity. All related sequences and the outgroup Mycosphaerella marksii

were imported into CLUSTAL-X (Thompson et al. 1997). Preliminary alignments were

manually adjusted using BioEdit 5.0.9.1 (Hall 1999) where necessary.

The aligned DNA sequences underwent maximum parsimony analysis with PAUP

vers. 4.0b (Swofford 2003). Heuristic searches were conducted with 1,000 random taxa

addition. A majority consensus tree was constructed and clade stability was assessed

by 1,000 bootstrap replications. Other measures were also calculated for parsimony,

including tree length, consistency index, retention index, and rescaled consistency

index (CI, RI and RC). The ITS sequences generated in this study were deposited in

GenBank as accessions KC986369-986373.

Ramichloridium apiculatum new for China... 123

WLXZSN43

WLXZSN33

LWHDSL26

Ramichloridium apiculatum EU041794

r LWHDSL5

92 LWHDSL1

R. cucurbitae JQ622087

100 R. luteum EU329730

R. mali EF627451

881 Rp punctatum JQ622086

Uwebraunia communis DQ302948

29! Uy. communis AY598876

U. communis JQ622085

U. musae EU514226

100

U. australiensis EF394854

U. dekkeri EU851919

fab Pseudoveronaea ellipsoidea FJ425205

P. obclavata AY598877

60 Dissoconium aciculare AY598874

D. eucalypti EF394855

87 D. aciculare AY725521

D. aciculare AF173308

100

D. proteae EU707897

Mycosphaerella marksii GQ852748

Fic. 1. One of 100 equally most parsimonious trees determined by ITS sequence (TL = 309 steps,

CI = 0.7961, HI = 0.2039, RI = 0.9088, RC = 0.7235). Bootstrap support values (>50%) based on

1000 replicates are shown at the nodes. The scale bar denotes 10 changes. The tree is rooted to

Mycosphaerella marksii and strains treated in this study are shown in bold.

124 ... Wang & al.

Results

Phylogenetic analysis

The rDNA-ITS alignment for 24 taxa including the outgroup comprised

499 total characters, of which 322 were constant, 66 were parsimony-

uninformative, and 111 were parsimony-informative; gaps were treated as

“missing.” One of 100 most parsimonious trees that were generated is shown

in Fic. 1. Ramichloridium species separated into independent clades with

well-supported bootstrap values. Our five strains clustered together with

R. apiculatum to form a sub-clade with a bootstrap value of 95%, suggesting

that these strains are conspecific with R. apiculatum (Fie. 1).

Taxonomy

Ramichloridium apiculatum (J.H. Mill., Giddens & A.A. Foster) de Hoog, Stud.

Mycol. 15: 69, 1977 Fic. 2

MyceELiuMm hyphae smooth, hyaline to subhyaline, thin-walled, 1.5-2.0

um diam. CONIDIOPHORES erect, arising at right angles from superficial

hyphae, unbranched, 1-3-septate, thick-walled, dark brown, <75 um long.

CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS integrated, terminal, subcylindrical, golden-brown,

thick-walled, smooth, (23-)25-40(-48) x (1.5-)2-3(-3.5) um; proliferating

sympodially, forming a straight rachis with distinct scars; scars crowded near

the apex of conidiogenous cells, slightly pigmented, <1 um diam. Conrp1A

(3-)4.5-5.5(-6.5) x (2—)2.5-3(-4) um, solitary, aseptate, pale brown, obovate

to obconical, finely verrucose, hilum conspicuous, 1 um diam.

CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS — Aerial mycelium spreading on MEA after

14 d at 24°C in the dark; flat, raised, dense, velvety, and with entire margin.

Surface of the colony on MEA olivaceous-green, olivaceous-black in reverse,

and often with a spreading citron-yellow pigment.

Host CHARACTERISTICS — On the fruit peels, the fungus showed flyspeck

signs. Colonies lacked macroscopic dark mycelial mats, were circular or

irregular, appeared as groupings (5-20 sclerotium-like bodies/mm7’) of tiny

spheres (about 200 um) that were classified as discrete speck (DS) mycelia type

(Batzer et al. 2005).

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: CHINA, ANHUI PROVINCE: Suzhou City, Dangshan County,

34°24'59"N 116°19’28"E, on fruit surface of pear (Pyrus pyrifolia (Burm. f.) Nakai),

Oct. 2012, WH Li LWHDSL1 (GenBank KC986369), LWHDSL5 (GenBank KC986370),

LWHDSL26 (GenBank KC986371). JIANGSU PROVINCE: Xuzhou City, Suining County,

33°59’46"N 117°44°31”E, on fruit surface of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.), Oct.

2012, L Wang & YM Zhao WLXZSN33 (GenBank KC986372), WLXZSN43 (GenBank

KC986373).

Discussion

Ramichloridium species have various morphological characteristics

and lifestyles, such as human pathogens, plant pathogens, and saprophytes

Ramichloridium apiculatum new for China... 125

Fic. 2. Ramichloridium apiculatum (WLXZSN43). A. Discrete speck signs on pear; B. Colony on

PDA; C, H. Conidia; D, E, I, J. Conidia and conidiogenous cells; F, G. Conidiophores. Scale bars:

C, G=5 um; D-F, I, J = 10 um; H = 20 um.

(Arzanlou et al. 2007). Ramichloridium apiculatum was originally found in

strongly deteriorated materials, in soil, and as a culture contaminant (de Hoog

et al. 1977).

Among the pathogens commonly causing SBFS worldwide. R. cucurbitae,

R. punctatum, and three other putative Ramichloridium species have been

identified within the SBFS complex in the United States (Diaz Arias et al. 2010,

Gleason et al. 2011, Liet al. 2012), while R. luteum (Li et al. 2012), Dissoconium

mali (= Ramichloridium mali) (Zhang et al. 2007), and R. streliziae (Hao et al.

2013) are previously reported SBFS pathogens in China. This study, which

126 ... Wang & al.

represents the first record of this species from China, provides the first evidence

that R. apiculatum can be a causal agent of sooty blotch and flyspeck on apple

and pear.

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China

(31170015, 31171797), the 111 Project from Education Ministry of China (B07049),

and China Agriculture and Research System (CARS-28). The authors wish to thank

Dr. Eric H.C. McKenzie (Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New

Zealand) and Prof. Zhongyi Zhangt (College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural

University, Kunming, China) for reviewing the manuscript.

Literature cited

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morphotaxonomic revision of Ramichloridium and allied genera. Studies in Mycology 58:

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Batzer JC, Gleason ML, Harrington TC, Tiffany LH. 2005. Expansion of the sooty blotch and

flyspeck complex on apples based on analysis of ribosomal DNA gene sequences and

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http://dx.doi.org/10.3852/mycologia.100.2.246

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Ramichloridium apiculatum new for China ... 127

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MY COTAXON

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/127.129

Volume 127, pp. 129-134 January-March 2014

New species of Acrodictys and Repetophragma

from dead branches in China

JIAN Ma’, X1u-Guo ZHANG’, & RAFAEL FE. CASTANEDA-RUIZ?

‘College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China

*Department of Plant Pathology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China

3 Instituto de Investigaciones Fundamentales en Agricultura Tropical “Alejandro de Humboldt”

(INIFAT), Calle 1 Esq. 2, Santiago de Las Vegas, C. Habana, Cuba, C.P. 17200

*CORRESPONDENCE TO: zhxg@sdau.edu.cn, sdau613@163.com

ABSTRACT — Two new hyphomycetes are described and illustrated from specimens collected

on dead branches in Hainan Province, China. Acrodictys nigra sp. nov. is characterized

by terminal monoblastic conidiogenous cells bearing solitary ellipsoid or obovoid black

conidia that consist of three columns of cells, with a protuberant portion at the basal cell.

Repetophragma hainanense sp. nov. differs from other Repetophragma species in its smaller

obovate to clavate one-septate brown to dark brown conidia.

KEY worpDs — anamorphic fungi, taxonomy

Introduction

A number of novel taxa have been recently discovered from the forest

ecosystems of southern China (Dai et al. 2009; Zhang et al. 2009, 2012; Dai & Li

2010; Ma et al. 2011, 2012a,b; Ren et al. 2012). During an ongoing mycological

survey in tropical forests of Hainan Province, China, two interesting

hyphomycetes were collected on dead branches. Their morphological

and developmental characteristics place these fungi in Acrodictys and

Repetophragma. However, these fungi differ from all previously described taxa

and therefore are proposed as new.

Acrodictys nigra Jian Ma & X.G. Zhang, sp. nov. FIG. 1

MycoBank MB 805612

Differs from Acrodictys triarmata by its larger conidia that lack lobes at the apex.

Type: China, Hainan Province: Baomeiling Nature Reserve, on dead branches of

unidentified broad-leaved tree, 9 Dec. 2009, J. Ma (Holotype, HSAUP H5278; isotype,

HMAS 243448).

Erymo oey: Latin, nigra, meaning black, referring to the pigmentation of the conidia.

130 ... Ma, Zhang, & Castafieda-Ruiz

A F

20nm

bo *

B Cc D

Fic. 1. Acrodictys nigra (holotype). A. Colonies on natural substratum. B—E. Conidiophores and

conidia. F-H. Conidia.

20pm 20pm

CoLonigs effuse, consisting of individual brown conidiophores scattered

over the substrate. Mycelium immersed and superficial, superficial hyphae

pale brown, cylindrical, smooth, septate, branched. ConIDIOPHOREs distinct,

single, erect, straight or flexuous, cylindrical, septate, brown, smooth, 105-165

x 6.5-10.5 um, sometimes with one percurrent extension. CONIDIOGENOUS

CELLS monoblastic, integrated, terminal, brown, cylindrical, truncate. Conidial

secession schizolytic. Conip1A solitary, dry, acrogenous, consisting of three

columns of cells, each column with 3-5 transverse septa, constricted at septa,

ellipsoid, obovoid, or somewhat irregular in shape, smooth, black, septa

obscured when mature, 48-105 x 37-56 um, basal cell often with a protuberant

portion of the conidiogenous cell attached.

ComMENTs — Ellis (1961) established Acrodictys for the type species,

A. bambusicola M.B. Ellis. He characterized the genus by dictyoseptate

Acrodictys and Repetophragma spp. new (China) ... 131

pigmented conidia seceding schizolytically from monoblastic integrated

terminal determinate or lageniform to doliiform percurrently extending

conidiogenous cells. However, through the addition of numerous species the

genus has become a large heterogeneous assemblage. Baker et al. (2002a),

who reviewed the taxonomic condition and status of Acrodictys, placed four

species into a segregate genus, Junewangia W.A. Baker & Morgan-Jones, and

suggested that the circumscription of Acrodictys needed further refinement.

Subsequently, several new anamorph genera, including Rhexoacrodictys W.A.

Baker & Morgan-Jones (Baker et al. 2002b), Pseudoacrodictys W.A. Baker &

Morgan-Jones (Baker & Morgan-Jones 2003), Ramoacrodictys G.Z. Zhao (Zhao

et al. 2009), and Synnemacrodictys W.A. Baker & Morgan-Jones (Gams et al.

2009), were segregated to accommodate taxa that differ from the type species

of Acrodictys in conidial morphology, conidiogenesis, conidial secession, and

the kind of conidiomata.

Keys to Acrodictys species have been given by Ellis (1961, 1971, 1976),

Sutton (1969), and Whitton et al. (2000). Only nine Acrodictys species have

been previously reported from China (Whitton et al. 2000, Zhao et al. 2011).

The present specimen, which can be placed in the original genus, differs

significantly from all previously described species.

Acrodictys triarmata Whitton et al. is the species most similar to A. nigra in

conidial shape and pigmentation. However, A. triarmata differs by its smaller

(24-34 x 15-30 um) and frequently tri-lobed conidia (Whitton et al. 2000).

Repetophragma hainanense Jian Ma & X.G. Zhang, sp. nov. FIG. 2

MycoBank MB 805613

Differs from Repetophragma quadriloculare by its smaller, concolourous conidia with

1 septum.

Type: China, Hainan Province: Bairentan Nature Reserve, on dead branches of

unidentified broad-leaved tree, 10 Dec. 2010, J. Ma (Holotype, HSAUP H5505; isotype,

HMAS 243449).

EryMo_oey: refers to the province where the type specimen was found.

Cotonigs effuse on natural substratum, brown, hairy. Mycelium partly

superficial, partly immersed, composed of branched, septate, pale brown to

brown, smooth-walled hyphae. ConrpiopHoress distinct, single, cylindrical,

solitary, unbranched, erect, straight or flexuous, 6-10-septate, smooth, dark

brown to black, 110-155 um long, 4-6.5 um wide, with up to 10 (or sometimes

more) percurrent extensions. CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS monoblastic, integrated,

terminal, cylindrical, brown to dark brown, 1.5-2.5 um wide at the apex.

Conidial secession schizolytic. Conrp14 holoblastic, acrogenous, solitary,

dry, obovoid to clavate, brown, slightly darker at the apex, smooth-walled,

1-euseptate, 9.5-15 um long, 4-6.5 um wide in the broadest part, base truncate

and 1-2 um wide, apex rounded.

132 ... Ma, Zhang, & Castafieda-Ruiz

aK ES

e 6 §

06.6

iit

Fic. 2. Repetophragma hainanense (holotype). A-C. Conidiophores with terminal conidia with

conidiophore apices showing conidiogenous cells and percurrent extensions. D-E. Conidiophores.

F, Conidiogenous cells and conidia. G-H. Conidia.

<i>

<p <D

ComMENTsS — Subramanian (1992) established Repetophragma Subram. with

nine new combinations for species of Sporidesmium Link, citing R. biseptatum

(M.B. Ellis) Subram. as the type species. Repetophragma was characterized by

the production of acrogenous conidia that are solitary, obclavate, fusiform or

rostrate, truncate at the base, rounded at the apex, euseptate, and seceding

schizolytically from monoblastic integrated terminal percurrently extending

conidiogenous cells. Thirty-three taxa have been published in Repetophragma

(Subramanian 1992; McKenzie 1995; Mena-Portales et al. 2000; Wu & Zhuang

2005; Castafieda-Ruiz et al. 2006, 2011; Marincowitz et al. 2008; Silvera-Simon

et al. 2009; Rambelli et al. 2011). Castafieda-Ruiz et al. (2011) provided a

synoptic table of the morphological characters of all Repetophragma species

(except R. lignicola (S. Hughes) Rambelli) and illustrated representative

conidia. Assigning species to Repetophragma is primarily based on conidial

morphology such as shape, size, septation, ornamentation, and presence or

Acrodictys and Repetophragma spp. new (China) ... 133

absence of a rostrum (Subramanian 1992, Wu & Zhuang 2005, Marincowitz et

al. 2008, Silvera-Sim6n et al. 2009, Castafieda-Ruiz et al. 2011).

Repetophragma quadriloculare (Matsush.) R.F. Castaneda et al. is the species

most similar to R. hainanense in conidial shape. However, R. quadriloculare

differs by its much larger (16.5-21 x 8.5-13 um), 3-septate, versicoloured

conidia (Matsushima 1993, as Endophragmiella quadrilocularis).

Acknowledgments

The authors express gratitude to Dr. W.B. Kendrick and Dr. Eric H.C. McKenzie for

serving as pre-submission reviewers and for their valuable comments and suggestions.

This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.

31093440, 31230001, 31360011) and the Ministry of Science and Technology of the

People’s Republic of China (No. 2006FY120100).

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a genus in which to classify four Acrodictys species and a new taxon. Mycotaxon 81: 293-319.

Baker WA, Partridge EC, Morgan-Jones G. 2002b. Notes on hyphomycetes LXXXVII.

Rhexoacrodictys, a new segregate genus to accommodate four species previously classified in

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Castanieda-Ruiz RF, Heredia G, Arias RM, McKenzie EHC, Hyde KD, Stadler M, Saikawa M, Gené

J, Guarro J, Iturriaga T, Minter DW, Crous PW. 2011. A new species and re-disposed taxa in

Repetophragma. Mycosphere 2(3): 273-289.

Dai YC, Li HJ. 2010. Notes on Hydnochaete (Hymenochaetales) with a seta-less new species

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Ellis MB. 1961. Dematiaceous hyphomycetes II. Mycol. Pap. 79: 1-23.

Ellis MB. 1971. Dematiaceous hyphomycetes. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, Surrey,

England.

Ellis MB. 1976. More dematiaceous hyphomycetes. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew,

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Gams W, Seifert KA, Morgan-Jones G. 2009. New and validated hyphomycete taxa to resolve

nomenclatural and taxonomic issues. Mycotaxon 110: 89-108. http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/110.89

Ma J, Wang Y, O’Neill NR, Zhang XG. 2011. A revision of the genus Lomaantha, with the description

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Ma J, Zhang YD, Ma LG, Ren SC, Castafieda-Ruiz RF, Zhang XG. 2012a. Three new species of

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Ma LG, Ma J, Zhang YD, Zhang XG. 2012b. A new species of Corynesporella and two first records

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134 ... Ma, Zhang, & Castafieda-Ruiz

Marincowitz S, Crous PW, Groenewald JZ, Wingfield MJ. 2008. Microfungi occurring on Proteaceae

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Matsushima T. 1993. Matsushima mycological memoirs 7. Published by the author, Kobe, Japan.

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Rambelli A, Ciccarone C, Tempesta S, Raimondo FM. 2011. Dematiaceous hyphomycetes from

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genera of hyphomycetes from China. Mycol. Progress 11: 443-448.

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Silvera-Simon C, Mena-Portales J, Gené J, Cano J, Guarro J. 2009. Repetophragma calongeii [sic] sp.

nov. and other interesting dematiaceous hyphomycetes from the North of Spain. Anales Jard.

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Subramanian CV. 1992. A reassessment of Sporidesmium (hyphomycetes) and some related taxa.

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Sutton BC. 1969. Forest microfungi. II. Additions to Acrodictys. Can. J. Bot. 47: 853-858.

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Whitton SR, McKenzie EHC, Hyde KD. 2000. Microfungi on the Pandanaceae: Acrodictys, with

two new species. Fungal Divers. 4: 159-169.

Wu WP, Zhuang WY. 2005. Sporidesmium, Endophragmiella and related genera from China. Fungal

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Zhao GZ, Tian YH, Liu XZ. 2009. Ramoacrodictys, a new hyphomycete genus for one species

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MY COTAXON

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/127.135

Volume 127, pp. 135-143 January-March 2014

Ceratosporium hainanense and Solicorynespora obovoidea

spp. nov., and a first record of Bactrodesmiastrum obscurum

from southern China

JIAN Ma’, X1u-Guo ZHANG’, & RAFAEL FE. CASTANEDA-RUIZ?

‘College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China

*Department of Plant Pathology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China

3 Instituto de Investigaciones Fundamentales en Agricultura Tropical “Alejandro de Humboldt”

(INIFAT), Calle 1 Esq. 2, Santiago de Las Vegas, C. Habana, Cuba, C.P. 17200

*CORRESPONDENCE TO: zhxg@sdau.edu.cn, sdau613@163.com

ABSTRACT — Two new anamorphic fungi, Ceratosporium hainanense sp. nov. and

Solicorynespora obovoidea sp. nov., were collected on dead branches in tropical forest

of southern China. They are described, illustrated, and compared with similar taxa.

Bactrodesmiastrum obscurum is recorded for the first time from China. A key to Ceratosporium

species is provided.

KEY worDs — anamorphic fungi, taxonomy

Introduction

Our surveys of conidial fungi occurring on dead branches in the forest

ecosystems of southern China have yielded three new genera (Ren et al. 2012,

Zhang et al. 2012), and several new species and records for China (e.g. Zhang

et al. 2008, 2009, 2011; Ma et al. 2011, 2012a,b). During continuing exploration

for saprobic microfungi in these forests, three hyphomycetes of the genera

Ceratosporium Schwein., Solicorynespora R.F. Castaneda & W.B. Kendr., and

Bactrodesmiastrum Hol.-Jech. were collected on dead branches. Ceratosporium

hainanense and Solicorynespora obovoidea are described here as new species,

and Bactrodesmiastrum obscurum represents a new record from China.

Ceratosporium hainanense Jian Ma & X.G. Zhang, sp. nov. FIG. 1

MycoBank MB 805614

Differs from Ceratosporium gracile and C. indicum by its smooth conidia with a

conspicuous pyriform basal cell and more arms, which are shorter and contain fewer

136 ... Ma, Zhang, & Castafieda-Ruiz

Fic. 1. Ceratosporium hainanense (holotype). Conidiophores and conidia.

septa and from C. caribense by its conidia with a conspicuous pyriform basal cell and

fewer arms.

Type: China, Hainan Province: Lingao, on dead branches of unidentified broad-leaved

tree, 9 Dec. 2010, J. Ma (Holotype, HSAUP H5488; isotype, HMAS 243445).

EryMo_oey: refers to the province where the type was found.

CoLonigs_ effuse, dark brown. Mycelium superficial and immersed,

composed of branched, septate, pale brown to brown, smooth-walled hyphae.

CONIDIOPHORES undifferentiated, smooth, brown, 4-6.5 um long, 2.5-3.5 um

wide, scattered on the superficial mycelium. CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS integrated,

intercalary, monoblastic, determinate, cylindrical, denticulate. Conip1Aa

solitary, basal cell single, pyriform, brown, smooth, with an obvious scar,

3-4 um wide; 3-5 arms arising from the apex, arms united and closely adpressed

at the base, distal ends of arms straight or flexuous and divergent, brown, pale

brown toward the apex, smooth, arms 6-14-septate, not constricted at the

septa, 75-140 um long (most of unequal length), 5.5-7.5 um wide at the base

and tapering to 2-3 um wide at the apex.

ComMENTSs - Schweinitz (1832) established Ceratosporium with C. fuscescens

Schwein. as type species. Subsequently, Hughes (1951) gave a detailed

account of conidial development and the taxonomy of Ceratosporium species.

Hughes (1964) re-described C. fuscescens and C. rilstonei S. Hughes from

New Zealand collections, drawing attention to the occurrence of secondary

conidial fructifications. The genus is characterized by inconspicuous flexuous

Ceratosporium & Solicorynespora spp. nov. (China) ... 137

brown conidiophores and integrated intercalary monoblastic determinate

denticulate conidiogenous cells that produce solitary conidia with a central

cell and divergent pluriseptate branches (Ellis 1971). Ten species are currently

accepted in Ceratosporium (Kirschner & Chen 2004), of which six produce

smooth conidia and four produce verrucose conidia. Only four species have

been previously recorded from China (Zhao et al. 2010).

Ceratosporium hainanense is closely related to C. gracile Matsush., C. indicum

V.G. Rao & D. Rao, and C. caribense Hol.-Jech. in conidial shape. However,

C. gracile and C. indicum differ from C. hainanense by their verrucose conidia

without a pyriform basal cell and with arms that are fewer, longer, and more

septate (Matsushima 1981, Rao & Rao 1970); C. caribense differs by its conidia

without a pyriform basal cell and with more and shorter arms (Holubova-

Jechova 1988).

Key to species of Ceratosporium

1. Conidia V- or Y-shaped, each of the 2 divergent branches arising from conidial

UO te eet ein aly, Seems inne es seats orttetec EN we seas By eee D Mestad tates wont) de eatiinas tetas 2

1. Conidia with 2-3 or more arms united at base, distal ends of arms divergent ..... 3

2. Conidia V-shaped, verrucose, lateral arms subulate, 12-24 um long,

3.5-4.5 um wide at the base, 1-3-septate ..................05- C. aequatoriale

2. Conidia Y-shaped, smooth, lateral arms subulate, 20-90 um long,

Do wnrevidemb base =O sseptate nts .i59f wht Ramet tate fhe C. cornutum

3. Conidia with 2-5 arms that are 20-32 x 4-6 um, 6-10-septate ..... C. palmiforme

3. Conidia with 2-3(-4), 3-5, or 5-6 arms that are >34 um long, >7 um wide at base ... 4

A? SOT TART OPI Py. Best dees le ees Aare ats Rune teat ait meh meee eel cee, 5

A COTTA VeTIMCOSeH we 0s SENSE SE Pa Sh EO ee ee ie eee eee ere. ce. 9

5. Arms of conidia united and closely adpressed at base, sometimes coiled

ATOUNGEACIORIET oh A aude, oy Bate ee et, Nae he ae BE eS Be ha ai dab cole 6

5. Arms of conidia united, not closely adpressed or intertwined at base ............ 8

6. Conidia with 3-5 arms that are75-140 um long, 5.5-7.5 um wide at base,

2=3 lin, wide at apex,-6—14-septate, Mo Pac Bhat meg otk, C. hainanense

6. Conidia with 2-3 or 5-6 arms that are >180 um long, =8 um wide at base,

C5 =1658 UE WALA AP ORE, fer che cyte he diy iE dais ner sheer a soe R 4 so aotle eB oa 7

7. Conidia with 5-6 arms that are 90-340 um long, 8-16 um wide at base,

5-8 um wide at apex, 9-15-septate ........ eee eee eee ee eee C. caribense

7. Conidia with 2-3 arms that are 130-190 um long, 14-17 um wide at base,

6-8 um wide at apex, 8-14-septate....... eee eee eee C. rilstonei

8. Conidia with 2-4 arms that are 90-180 um long, 11-15 um wide at base,

3.5-5.5 um wide at apex, 10-14-septate ...................002- C. productum

8. Conidia with 2-3 arms that are 120-210 um long, 14-22 um wide at base,

5-10 um wide at apex, 11-17-septate ......... 2... 2. eee ee ee eee C. fuscescens

138 ... Ma, Zhang, & Castafieda-Ruiz

9. Conidia with 2-3 arms that are34-56 um long, 12-14 um wide at base,

AALIESC PLAGE * Ae tem aM ee aii: Rey oP cs Bem a ar ieee nah aU nasa Sap aoa Sect C. verrucosum

9. Conidial arms >180 um long, <10 um wide at base, <23-24 septate ............ 10

10. Conidia with 2-3 arms, that are 36-192 um long, 6-10 um wide at base,

2.5-3.5 um wide at apex, 5-24-septate ..... 0... eee eee eee eee C. gracile

10. Conidia with 2-3 arms that are140-378 um long, 3.6-7.2 um wide at base,

up to 3.6 um wide at apex, 14—-23-septate........... 0... eee eee C. indicum

Solicorynespora obovoidea Jian Ma & X.G. Zhang, sp. nov. FIG. 2

MycoBank MB 805615

Differs from all other Solicorynespora species by its obovoid conidia with septa usually

obscured by a band of pigment.

Type: China, Guangdong Province: Liuxihe National Forest Park, on dead branches of

unidentified broad-leaved tree, 18 Oct. 2010, J. Ma (Holotype, HSAUP H5513; isotype,

HMAS 243446).

EryMo oay: refers to the obovoid conidial shape.

COLONIES on natural substrate effuse, brown to dark brown, hairy. Mycelium

superficial and immersed, composed of hyphae that are branched, septate, pale

brown to brown, smooth-walled. ConrpropHorEs distinct, single, solitary or

in groups, erect, straight or flexuous, unbranched, smooth, septate, brown to

dark brown, 80-115 um long, 4.5-7 um wide, sometimes with 1 lageniform

percurrent extension. CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS monotretic, integrated, terminal,

cylindrical or lageniform, pale brown to brown, smooth, 11-16 um long,

3.5-4.5 um wide. Conrpia solitary, dry, acrogenous, obovoid, apex rounded,

base truncate, 2-euseptate, the septa usually obscured by a dark band, smooth,

brown to dark brown, basal cell paler; 16-22 um long, 9-11 um wide in the

widest part, 1.5-2.5 um wide at the base. Conidial secession schizolytic.

COMMENTS - Castafieda Ruiz & Kendrick (1990) established Solicorynespora

with S. zapatensis R.E. Castafieda & W.B. Kendr. as type species. Solicorynespora

is characterized by solitary brown to dark brown euseptate phragmoconidia

that are produced from integrated terminal monotretic conidiogenous cells.

The conidiophores are distinct and determinate or percurrently extending one

or more times. Siqueira et al. (2008) summarized the essential characteristics

of Solicorynespora and similar genera including Corynespora Gissow,

Corynesporella Munjal & H.S. Gill, Hemicorynespora M.B. Ellis, Corynesporopsis

P.M. Kirk, and Corynesporina Subram. and discussed the distinguishing

characters of these genera.

The twenty-one species accepted in Solicorynespora are distinguished

primarily on conidial features including shape, size, septation, ornamentation,

pigmentation, and presence or absence of an appendage (Castaneda Ruiz

1996, Castaneda Ruiz et al. 2004, Ma et al. 2012b,c). Keys to Solicorynespora

Ceratosporium & Solicorynespora spp. nov. (China) ... 139

009

ee9

20um

__ 20um

Fic. 2. Solicorynespora obovoidea (holotype). A. Colonies on natural substratum.

B. Conidiophore. C-D. Conidiophores and conidia. Conidiophore apices showing

conidiogenous cells and percurrent extension. E. Conidia.

species have been given by Castafieda Ruiz et al. (2004), Ma et al. (2012c), and

Hernandez-Restrepo et al. (2014) based mainly on conidial morphology. In

addition, Ma et al. (2012c) provided a synoptic table of the main morphological

features that distinguish 15 accepted Solicorynespora species. Hernandez-

Restrepo et al. (2014) illustrated representative conidia of 21 species and revealed

the high affinity of Solicorynespora insolita Hern.-Restr. et al. with the family

Kirschsteiniotheliaceae and a particularly close affinity with Astrosphaeriella

livistonicola K.D. Hyde & J. Frohl. based on the 28S rDNA D1/D2 sequence.

Teleomorphs and phylogenetic affinities of other Solicorynespora species based

on molecular sequence analyses are not yet known.

140 ... Ma, Zhang, & Castafieda-Ruiz

Solicorynespora obovoidea bears some resemblance to three other species

with 2-septate conidia: S. biseptata Silvera et al., S. calophylli (Hol.-Jech. & R.E.

Castaneda) R.E Castaneda & WB. Kendr., and S. lasianthi L.G. Ma & X.G.

Zhang. However, S. biseptata differs by its slightly smaller obclavate conidia

with the dark brown basal and middle cells and the pale brown apical cell

(Hernandez-Restrepo et al. 2014); S. calophylli differs by its smaller obclaviform

to obpyriform conidia, strongly constricted at the septa, with the verrucose

brown basal and middle cells and the rostrate subhyaline to hyaline apical cell

(Holubova-Jechova & Castafeda Ruiz 1986, as Corynespora calophylli); and

S. lasianthi differs by its smaller cylindrical to ellipsoid conidia with the pale

brown basal cell and the brown middle and apical cells (Ma et al. 2012d).

Bactrodesmiastrum obscurum Hol.-Jech., Folia Geobot. Phytotax.

19(1):105, 1984. FIG.t3

COLONIES on natural substratum effuse, blackish brown to black. Mycelium

superficial and immersed, composed of branched, septate, pale brown, smooth-

walled hyphae. Conrp1oPHoRESs distinct, but reduced to a single conidiogenous

cell, solitary at first, later aggregated in small groups. CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS

borne on basal hyphae, monoblastic, cylindrical or lageniform, brown to dark

brown, 6.5-12 x 2-3.5 um, 1-1.5 um wide at the truncate apex. CONIDIA

solitary, dry, acrogenous, straight or slightly curved, clavate to obovoid, mostly

3-septate, rarely 4-septate, smooth, dark brown to black, two proximal cells

paler than others, 25-34 x 10-14 um, basal cell conico-truncate, basal scar

1-1.5 um wide. Conidial secession schizolytic.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: CHINA, HAINAN PROVINCE: Jianfengling National Nature

Reserve, on dead branches of unidentified broad-leaved tree, 27 April 2006, J. Ma

(HSAUP VI,-0041, HMAS 243447).

ComMENTS - Bactrodesmiastrum was erected by Holubova-Jechova (1984)

with B. obscurum as type species. The genus remained monotypic until

Hernandez-Restrepo et al. (2013) described B. pyriforme Hern.-Restr. et al.

and B. obovatum (M. Calduch et al.) J. Mena et al. from decaying wood in

Spain. ITS and LSU rDNA sequence analyses have confirmed the separation

between B. obovatum and B. pyriforme, but sequence data are not yet known for

B. obscurum (Hernandez-Restrepo et al. 2013). Bactrodesmiastrum is mainly

characterized by short unbranched aseptate cylindrical to conical solitary or

aggregated conidiophores reduced to a single monoblastic terminal determinate

conidiogenous cell and solitary clavate obovoid to pyriform multiseptate conidia

with schizolytic conidial secession. Bactrodesmiastrum differs from the most

similar genus, Bactrodesmium Cooke, which has sporodochial conidiomata

and differentiated hyaline or brown simple or branched conidiophores bearing

mono- or polyblastic conidiogenous cells (Ellis 1971, Holubova-Jechova 1972).

Ceratosporium & Solicorynespora spp. nov. (China) ... 141

Fic. 3. Bactrodesmiastrum obscurum. A. Conidiogenous cells and conidia. B—C. Conidia.

Bactrodesmiastrum obscurum was found originally on decaying wood of

Fagus sylvatica in Czechoslovakia. It is also known from Spain on dead wood

and has been re-described by Hernandez-Restrepo et al. (2013). Its known

distribution is now extended to include China. Bactrodesmiastrum obscurum

differs from the other two species in the genus by its clavate to obovoid conidia

with two paler proximal cells. It further differs from B. pyriforme in its smaller

conidia, and from B. obovatum in its conidia with predominately three septa.

The Chinese collection corresponds well with the original description of

B. obscurum except that the conidia occasionally display four septa. This fungus

is reported for the first time from China.

Acknowledgments

The authors express gratitude to Dr. W.B. Kendrick and Dr. Eric H.C. McKenzie for

serving as pre-submission reviewers and for their valuable comments and suggestions.

This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.

142 ... Ma, Zhang, & Castafieda-Ruiz

31093440, 31230001, 31360011) and the Ministry of Science and Technology of the

People’s Republic of China (No. 2006FY120100).

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MY COTAXON

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/127.145

Volume 127, pp. 145-153 January-March 2014

Paliphora curviapicis sp. nov. from Malaysia,

and a synopsis of the genus

TEIK-KHIANG GOH, WAI- Yip LAU, & KAH-CHENG TEO

Centre for Biodiversity Research, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman,

Bandar Barat, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia

CORRESPONDENCE TO: gohtk@utar.edu.my

AsstRAct— Paliphora curviapicis sp. nov., collected from submerged wood in Malaysia, is

described and illustrated. It differs from other Paliphora species in having conidia with a

curved apex and 3-6 distinct septa. A synopsis of characters of the six known species and a

composite illustration of their conidial morphology are provided.

Key worps— freshwater fungi, dematiaceous hyphomycete, lignicolous fungi, saprotroph,

taxonomy

Introduction

Species of Paliphora Sivan. & B. Sutton (Sivanesan & Sutton 1985) are

hyphomycetes characterized by dematiaceous, setiform, unbranched, thick-

walled, closely multiseptate conidiophores that produce hyaline unicellular

or euseptate conidia through pores on the conidiogenous cells (tretic

conidiogenesis; Ellis 1971). Amongst the few dematiaceous hyphomycete genera

characterized by setiform conidiophores exhibiting tretic conidiogenesis,

Paliphora species are distinct in producing hyaline aseptate or euseptate conidia

(Ho et al. 2002). In similar genera such as Diplococcium Grove, Spadicoides

S. Hughes, Polytretophora Mercado, and Helminthosporium Link, the conidia

are pigmented and either euseptate or distoseptate (Goh & Hyde 1996, 1998;

Goh et al. 1998, Kuthubutheen & Nawawi 1991). There are five reported species

of Paliphora (Index Fungorum 2013), all of which occur on decaying leaves.

Gusmao et al. (2008) examined and provided a key to the five species.

Paliphora species are widely distributed in the tropics, including Australia

(Sivanesan & Sutton 1985, Alcorn 1996), Brazil (Gusmao et al. 2008), Cuba,

India (Rao & de Hoog 1986), Malaysia (Kuthubutheen 1987), Mexico (Heredia

146 ... Goh, Lau, & Teo

et al. 2000), New Caledonia (Mouchacca 1990), and southern Thailand

(Gusmao et al. 2008).

During a survey of fungal diversity from abandoned tin-mining ponds

and associated streams in the Kinta Valley region, Malaysia, we found an

undescribed Paliphora species on wood submerged in a stream. This species

is described here and compared with other Paliphora species. The holotype is

conserved at the herbarium of the Centre for Biodiversity Research, Faculty

of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (Perak campus), Kampar,

Malaysia (UTAR). The conidiogenous holes on the conidiophores and other

ultrastructural features of this fungus were studied under the scanning electron

microscope (FESEM, Model: JSM-6701F, Jeol, Japan).

Taxonomy

Paliphora curviapicis Goh, W.Y. Lau & K.C. Teo, sp. nov. Figs 1-15

MycoBank MB805914

Differs from Paliphora multiseptata by its conidia with a curved apex and fewer septa,

and its substrate of dead wood; and from other species of Paliphora by its conidia with a

curved apex and more septa, and its substrate of dead wood.

Type: Malaysia. Perak, Menglembu, Bukit Kledang, on submerged wood, 16 September

2013, Wai-Yip Lau (Holotype, UTAR(M)-0002).

ETyMo_oey: curviapicis, refers to the characteristically curved apex of the conidia.

COLONIES on natural substratum effuse, sparsely velvety, dark brown.

CONIDIOPHORES macronematous, mononematous, setiform, 170-540 Um

long, 4.5-5 um wide, lower portion gradually tapering towards the base

(2.5-3 um wide), erect or becoming prostrate due to the length, unbranched,

mostly straight, stout, thick-walled, smooth, brown, apical cell rounded and

paler, with 20—63 evenly spaced (5-10 um apart) thick septa along the shaft,

slightly constricted at the septa. CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS integrated, intercalary,

determinate, polytretic, with 1—3 pores (ca. 0.5 um diam.) situated immediately

below the thick transverse septum and often obscured by the septum. CONIDIA

holoblastic, formed through pores in the conidiogenous cell wall, solitary,

aggregated into slimy masses, thin-walled, smooth, hyaline, eguttulate,

3—6-euseptate, not constricted at the septa, elongate-fusiform or narrowly

falcate, sometimes slightly sigmoid, 40—70 um long, 2—3 um wide at the center,

tapering to an acute or obconic base, upper third slender (0.7—1.5 um wide) or

filiform and distinctly curved, tapering towards an acute apex.

Comments — Paliphora curviapicis is the second Paliphora species found in

Malaysia; the previously recorded species was P. porosa (Kuthubutheen 1987).

The other five Paliphora species are easily distinguished from P. curviapicis

Paliphora curviapicis sp. nov. (Malaysia) ... 147

Fics 1-3. Paliphora curviapicis (holotype), colonies on natural substratum. 1. Surface view.

2. Oblique surface view; arrows point to slimy conidial masses. 3. Side view. Scale bars: 1, 3 = 500

um; 2 = 200 um.

by their cylindrical, clavate, or falcate conidia with either more septa

(P. multiseptata) or fewer septa (the other four species) and their substrate

148 ... Goh, Lau, & Teo

Fics 4-9. Paliphora curviapicis (holotype). 4. Conidiophore with evenly spaced septa and uniform

width but tapering toward the base. 5. Distal end of a conidiophore with a few conidia; arrow points

to a sigmoid conidium. 6. Higher magnification of a conidiophore; arrows indicate the positions of

several conidiogenous pores. 7-9. Multiseptate conidia with obconic base and slender curved apex.

Scale bars: 4, 5, 7 = 20 um; 6, 8, 9 = 10 um.

Paliphora curviapicis sp. nov. (Malaysia) ... 149

Fics 10-11. Paliphora curviapicis (holotype, SEM). 10. Colonies on natural substratum. 11. Higher

magnification of a few conidiophores with smooth walls. Scale bars: 10 = 100 um; 11 = 10 um.

150 ... Goh, Lau, & Teo

Fics 12-15. Paliphora curviapicis (holotype, SEM). 12. Portion of conidiophore showing three

conidiogenous pores (arrows) - the dashed arrow points to a conidium beside the pores.

13-15. Portions of conidiophores; arrows indicate positions of conidiogenous pores. Scale bars = 5 um.

of dead leaves (TaBLE 1, Fic 16). The characteristically filiform and curved

conidial apex and the sometimes sigmoid conidial shape may be conducive to

spore dispersal and establishment of this species in the aquatic environment

(Hyde & Goh 2003).

151

Paliphora curviapicis sp. nov. (Malaysia) ...

TABLE 1. Synopsis of Paliphora species

SPECIES

P. aurea

P. curviapicis

P inflata

P intermedia

P. multiseptata

P. porosa

CONIDIOPHORES

Apical end pointed,

11—23-septate,

99-132 x 6-7 um

Apical end rounded,

20—63-septate,

170-540 x 4.5—5um

Apex swollen, end

pointed,

13—19-septate,

142.5-225 x 5-7.5 um

Apical end pointed,

16—22-septate,

35-205 x 10-19 um

Apical end pointed,

14—16-septate,

85-210 x 6-7.5 um

Apical end pointed,

15—23-septate,

200-280 x 10-15 um

CONIDIA

Falcate, eguttulate,

O(-1)-septate,

6.5-9 x 1-1.5 um

Elongate-fusiform with a

slender, curved apex, eguttulate,

3-6-septate, 40-70 x2—3um

Cylindrical, eguttulate,

0-septate,

17-20 x 1.2—2 um

Cylindrical, guttulate,

1-septate,

14-19 x 2-2.5 um

Cylindrical, eguttulate,

8—13-septate,

50-65 x 2.5 um

Cylindrical or clavate, guttulate,

1-septate; 12-25 x 1-2.5 um

SUBSTRATUM

Decaying leaves

Submerged wood

Decaying leaves

DISTRIBUTION

Australia, India,

New Caledonia

Malaysia

Brazil

Australia, Brazil,

Cuba, Mexico

Brazil

Brazil, Malaysia,

Thailand

REFERENCES

Mouchacca 1990,

Sivanesan & Sutton 1985,

Rao & de Hoog 1986

This paper

Gusmao et al. 2008

Alcorn 1996,

Gusmao et al. 2008

Gusmao et al. 2008,

Kuthubutheen 1987

152 ... Goh, Lau, & Teo

Fic 16. Composite diagram of Paliphora conidia: (a) P. aurea; (b) P. curviapicis; (c) P. inflata;

(d) P intermedia; (e) P. multiseptata; (f) P. porosa. Scale bars: a, c, d, f= 5 um; b, e = 10 um.

Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR) for

financial support (IPSR/RMC/UTARRF/2012-C2/G04) to study the diversity of fungi

in abandoned tin-mining ponds and associated streams in Malaysia. We would like to

thank the two peer reviewers of this paper, Dr. E.H.C. McKenzie (Landcare Research,

Auckland, New Zealand) and Dr. R.E Castafieda Ruiz (Instituto de Investigaciones

Fundamentales en Agricultura Tropical, Cuba), for their valuable comments on the

manuscript. Mr. Ooh Keng Fei (Faculty of Science, UTAR, Perak Campus) is thanked

for his technical assistance in the scanning electron microscopy. Thanks are extended to

Mr. Tan Yee Wei and Miss Sim Hui Shang in the faculty for their technical assistance in

photography of fungi.

Paliphora curviapicis sp. nov. (Malaysia) ... 153

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MY COTAXON

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/127.155

Volume 127, pp. 155-160 January-March 2014

A new species of Corynesporopsis from Spain

MARGARITA HERNANDEZ-RESTREPO’, JOSEPA GENE’ ,

RAFAEL F. CASTANEDA-Ru1Iz’, PAUL M. KiIRK?, & JOSEP GUARRO’

'Unitat de Micologia, Facultat de Medicina Ciéncies de la Salut,

Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain

?Instituto de Investigaciones Fundamentales en Agricultura Tropical Alejandro de Humboldt’

(INIFAT), Académico Titular de la Academia de Ciencias de Cuba,

Calle 1 Esq. 2, Santiago de Las Vegas, C. Habana, Cuba, C.P.

*Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Surrey, TW9 3AF, United Kingdom

*CORRESPONDENCE TO: josepa.gene@urv.cat

ABSTRACT — Corynesporopsis variabilis sp. nov., found on plant debris collected in natural

areas of Spain, is described and illustrated. It is characterized by an endogenous conidial

ontogeny at the reduced internal area of inflated conidiogenous cells and long acropetal

chains of variable ellipsoid obclavate sub-oblong cylindrical sub-pyriform to oval irregularly

pigmented 1-septate conidia with a septal constriction. A key to Corynesporopsis species is

also presented.

KEY worRDs — systematics, anamorphic fungi

Introduction

Kirk (198la) erected the genus Corynesporopsis for a single species,

C. quercicola (Borowska) P.M. Kirk, previously placed in Corynespora

Giissow. Corynesporopsis is characterized by terminal determinate (rarely

with enteroblastic percurrent extensions) monotretic conidiogenous cells

that produce cylindrical to ellipsoid euseptate catenate conidia that are borne

through a slightly depressed and obvious apical pore of the conidiogenous cell.

During a survey of microfungi associated with plant debris collected in

natural areas of Spain, a conspicuous fungus with morphological characteristics

of Corynesporopsis was found. As the fungus shows significant differences from

previously described taxa, we propose it as a new species.

Materials & methods

Individual samples of plant material collected during the survey were placed in paper

and plastic bags, taken to the laboratory, and treated following the methods described

156 ... Hernandez-Restrepo & al.

in Castafteda-Ruiz (2005) and Castafeda-Ruiz et al. (2010). Mounts were prepared in

polyvinyl] alcohol-glycerol (8 g in 100 ml of water, plus 5 ml of glycerol) and measurements

under 1000x magnification. Micrographs were obtained with a Leitz Dialux 20. The

holotype has been deposited in the Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures (CBS);

other specimens are currently included among collections maintained by the Facultat

Medicina de Reus (FMR), Reus, Spain.

Taxonomy

Corynesporopsis variabilis R.F. Castafieda, Hern.-Restr. & Gené, sp. nov.

MycoBank MB 802312 FIGS 1, 2

Differs from other Corynesporopsis spp. by the variable shape and irregular pigmentation

of its conidia.

TYPE — Spain, Castilla y Leon, Burgos, San Pedro de Arlanza, near to Monasterio de

Arlanza (42°04’N 03°26’W, alt. 925 m), on decaying twig of unidentified plant, 11

November 2010, M. Hernandez-Restrepo & J. Gené C10/136 (Holotype, CBS-H 20748;

Isotype, FMR 11560).

Erymo_oey: Latin, variabilis, referring to variation of conidial shape.

Co.ontigs on the natural substrate effuse, hairy, dark brown to black. Mycelium

immersed; hyphae septate, branched, cylindrical, 1-2 um diam, smooth-walled,

dark brown to brown. CONIDIOPHORES mononematous, macronematous,

simple, erect, straight or slightly flexuous, cylindrical, 5-10-septate, smooth

and thick-walled, 175-350 x 5-6 um, dark brown below, brown towards the

apex. CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS monotretic, terminal, cylindrical, determinate,

brown, 12-29 x 3-4 um, markedly thick-walled around the conidiogenous loci.

Conipia variable ellipsoid, obclavate, sub-oblong, cylindrical, sub-pyriform to

oval, 1-septate, slightly or strongly constricted and often darker pigmentation

at the septum, irregularly pigmented, with dark brown or brown basal cell and

pale brown apical cell, sometimes basal cell only slightly darker brown than

the apical cell, clearly delimited by an obscure to black band around the septa,

smooth-walled, 11-16 x 5-8 um, dry, forming dark brown to black, acropetal,

unbranched chains.

ADDITIONAL SPECIMEN EXAMINED - Spain, Aragon, Huesca, Ordesa y Monte Perdido

Nacional Park, Ordesa Valley, Arazas River (42°33 53.07”N 0°03 °44.99"W, alt. 1048m),

on submerged dead wood, 26 March 2011, M. Hernandez-Restrepo & J. Capilla (FMR

12057).

COMMENTS - Corynesporopsis variabilis slightly resembles C. indica and

C. inaequiseptata. Corynesporopsis indica is easily distinguished by its ellipsoid

to broadly obovoid (sometimes somewhat biconic) medially 1-septate larger

[((14-)17-24(-27) x 8-12(-14) um] uniformly dark brown to very dark

brown conidia with a dark band at the septum (Kirk 1983, Ma et al. 2010);

C. inaequiseptata differs by its longer (17-25 x 4-5.5 um) narrowly obclavate

asymmetrically 1-septate conidia with brown basal and pale brown apical cells

Corynesporopsis variabilis sp. nov. (Spain) ... 157

c d

Fic. 1. Corynesporopsis variabilis (ex holotype CBS-H 20748): a-c. Conidiogenous cells and

conidia. d-i. Conidia. Scale bar = 10 um.

158 ... Hernandez-Restrepo & al.

Fic. 2. Corynesporopsis variabilis (ex holotype CBS-H 20748): a. Colonies on the natural

substratum. b. Conidiogenous cells and conidia. Scale bars: a = 100 um; b = 10 um.

Corynesporopsis variabilis sp. nov. (Spain) ... 159

(Matsushima 1993). Three other species with 1-septate conidia — C. isabelicae

(Holubova-Jechova 1987), C. liquidambaris (Ma et al. 2012), C. uniseptata

(Kirk 1981b) — obviously differ from C. variabilis in conidial shape and

pigmentation.

Key to Corynesporopsis species

Conidia.1-septate, rarely 2-septate.s so 5 Gay waa 8 eee eG Be Pane C. cylindrica

[cylindrical, medium brown, guttulate, 12.5-20.5 x 6-7.5 um]

Conidia Strretly Arse tare cae. spe ose haga ao Rete Page tee eae Pn oie 2

SC obidiaswith ote than | Septuna’. Bena, heaton th tants hea nateon tranaacten ¢ 5

Conidia elongate fusiform or navicular.................... 00000. C. isabelicae

[brown, with a thick dark brown septum, (24—)27-43.5 x 4-6.4 um]

Conidiamiayicular-tovellipsOldsg 4 h0-t49 4, srsctea tivzetee hts oe Ho eeT ye C. liquidambaris

[brown to dark brown, with a thick dark brown septum,10-16.5 x 3.5-5.5 um]

Conidia not elongate fusiform or navicular to ellipsoid...................0. 3

Conidia ellipsoid to broadly obovoid (sometimes somewhat biconic),

not-consticted-aAp the septa, PAL, lee llosse » skoda weer heyy stbne logy ahbente s C. indica

[dark brown to very dark brown with a dark septal band,

(14-)17-24(-27) x 8-12(-14) um]

Conidia broadly ellipsoid, manifestly constricted at the septum. ... C. uniseptata

[brown, often darker at the septum, 12-16 x 5-7 um]

Conidiattequllateralbor-Vvariale so catihaesten tnt usstlusnt sat leict ent laarauad st hee a ees -:

Conidia- V7S2 550425 GW xt, bcs ste taang Marauhe veracty hevaghe hive’ C. inaequiseptata

[inequilateral, narrowly obclavate; basal cell dark brown, apical cell pale brown]

Gonidia. Web T GX GEG Wa Ti seed seemed peer Fa peered peered neers a heee ss C. variabilis

[variable (ellipsoid, obclavate, sub-oblong, cylindrical, sub-pyriform to oval),

irregularly pigmented, often constricted and darker at the septum]

Cenidigjtistal awit Peseptare.c.08 had.ct Rit. O8 fw T AE Wt EAE whan a EL Nae od 6

Conidia usually with more than 2 septa ......... 0... cece eee eee eee 7

Conidia((42—)14-18 K 6-8 (9) PI» soe os see Se berate bara ce borate bene C. quercicola

[broadly ellipsoid to cylindrical, end cells pale brown, middle cell dark brown]

Gomidia 18=33)07S9 WAN on cases «settee Kellen ¥ atlas leg Metis eine C. biseptata

[cylindrical, straight or slightly curved, pale to mid-brown,

central cell usually slightly longer than end cells]

Conidia 3-4(-5)-septate, 24-36 x 8-ll um ..............0 00 eee C. rionensis

[fusiform, broadly fusiform or ellipsoidal, truncate at the ends,

brown or dark brown, apical cell pale brown, septa dark and thick]

Conidia (3—)5(-6)-septate, 21-33 x 5-8 um ..... 2. eee eee C. antillana

[ellipsoidal, constricted at the septa, slightly truncate or rounded at the ends,

3-4 central cells dark brown, pale brown or colorless at the ends, septa black]

Conidia (2—)3-7-septate, 15-48(-59) x 3-4 um... 2. ee eee C. iberica

[cylindrical, sometimes slightly curved, rounded at the ends,

dark brown, septa thick]

160 ... Hernandez-Restrepo & al.

Acknowledgments

We are deeply indebted to Prof. Xiu-Guo Zhang (Shandong Agricultural University)

and Dr. De-Wei Li (Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station) for kindly reviewing

the manuscript. This study was supported by the Spanish Ministry of “Economia y

Competitividad” grant CGL 2011-27185. We thank the Cuban Ministry of Agriculture

for facilities. We acknowledge the facilities provided by Drs. V. Robert and G. Stegehuis

through the Mycobank website. Dr. Lorelei L. Norvell’s editorial review and Dr.

Shaun Pennycook’s nomenclature review are greatly appreciated. RFCR is grateful to

“Programa de Salud Animal y Vegetal’, project P131LH003033 Cuban Ministry of

Science, Technology and Environment, for facilities

Literature cited

Castanieda-Ruiz RF. 2005. Metodologia en el estudio de los hongos anamorfos. 182-183, in: Anais

do V Congresso Latino Americano de Micologia. Brasilia.

Castafieda-Ruiz RF, Heredia Abarca G, Arias Mota RM, Stadler M, Saikawa M, Minter DW. 2010.

Anaselenosporella sylvatica gen. & sp. nov. and Pseudoacrodictys aquatica sp. nov., two new

anamorphic fungi from Mexico. Mycotaxon 112: 65-74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/112.65.

Holubova-Jechova V. 1987. Studies on hyphomycetes from Cuba VI. New and rare species with

tretic and phialidic conidiogenous cells. Ceska Mycol. 4: 107-114.

Kirk PM. 1981la. New or interesting microfungi II. Dematiaceous hyphomycetes from Esher

Common, Surrey. Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 77: 279-297.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0007-1536(81)80031-9.

Kirk PM. 1981b. New or interesting microfungi III. A preliminary account of microfungi colonizing

Laurus nobilis leaf litter. Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 77: 457-473.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0007-1536(81)80031-9.

Kirk PM. 1983. New or interesting microfungi VIII. Corynesporopsis indica sp. nov. Mycotaxon

17: 405-408.

Ma J, Ma LG, Zhang YD, Castaneda-Ruiz RF, Zhang XG. 2012. New species and record of

Corynesporopsis and Hemicorynespora from southern China. Nova Hedwigia 95: 233-241.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0029-5035/2012/0030.

Ma J, Ren SC, Ma LG, Zhang YD, Zhang XG. 2010. New records of Corynesporopsis from China.

Mycotaxon 114: 423-428. http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/114.423.

Matsushima T. 1993. Matsushima mycological memoirs 7. Published by the author, Kobe, Japan.

MY COTAXON

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/127.161

Volume 127, pp. 161-171 January-March 2014

Pholiota gallica nom. nov., based on P. lubrica var. obscura

JAN HOLEC **& MIROSLAV KOLARIK ?

‘National Museum, Mycological Department, Cirkusovd 1740, 193 00 Praha 9, Czech Republic

?Institute of Microbiology ASCR, Videriska 1083, 142 20 Praha 4, Czech Republic

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: jan_holec@nm.cz

ABSTRACT — The type of Pholiota lubrica var. obscura, a forgotten European fungus that has

never been critically revised, was morphologically and molecularly examined. It was found

to be phylogenetically distant from typical P lubrica and morphologically distinct by its ovoid

spores and other characters that place it in Pholiota sect. Spumosae. It differs from all other

European species of sect. Spumosae by its unique combination of large fruitbody, castaneous

brown pileus, stipe distinctively ornamented by scales or thick bands of bright yellow

floccules, and growth on soil in thermophilous Mediterranean forests. For these reasons, we

raise its rank to species as Pholiota gallica nom. nov., a replacement name required because

the epithet obscura is already occupied in Pholiota. A discussion on similar European and

North American species is included. Pholiota virescentifolia judged to be synonymous with

P. mixta.

Key worps — Basidiomycota, Agaricales, taxonomy, nomenclature, phylogeny

Introduction

Although several critical studies of the genus Pholiota in Europe have been

published in last three decades (Jacobsson 1991, Holec 2001, Noordeloos 2011),

there are still problems waiting for revision. One concerns Pholiota lubrica var.

obscura, a fungus diagnosed by its robust stature, castaneous brown pileus, and

stipe ornamented with big yellow floccules (Bon & Chevassut 1989). Holec

(2001: 197) has been the only recent author to treat the variety. Its ovoid spores

exclude this fungus from P. lubrica (diagnosed by phaseoliform spores in side

view) and place it among species of Pholiota sect. Spumosae, characterised by

ovoid spores. A detailed type study and comparison with similar taxa were

necessary to evaluate taxonomic position of Pholiota lubrica var. obscura. The

aim of this paper is to resolve the question using both morphological and

molecular methods.

162 ... Holec & Kolatik

TABLE 1. Collections* used for DNA analysis.

(Collections sequenced for this paper are in bold.)

COLLECTION COUNTRY PUBLICATION rier VOUCHER

SEQUENCE

P. castanea USA Matheny & Wolfenbarger, = _HQ222025 TENN020269

unpubl.

P. decussata Italy Osmundson et al. (2013) JF908583 MCVE 11237

(paratype of P

chocenensis)

P. ferrugineo- USA Matheny & Wolfenbarger, HQ222026 TENN028897

lutescens unpubl.

P. gallica France This paper HG007988 MPU: Herbier

Chevassut 3478

(holotype)

P. highlandensis Czech Rep. This paper HG007976 PRM 888152

(as P. carbonaria)

P. highlandensis Czech Rep. This paper HG007974 PRM 887239

(as P. carbonaria)

P lenta Italy Osmundson et al. (2013) JF908582 MCVE 7100

P. lenta Finland Guzman-Davalos et al. AY281022 H, IBUG:

(2003) R. Tuomikoski s.n.

P. lubrica Czech Rep. This paper HG007987 PRM 915546

P. lubrica Czech Rep. This paper HG007986 PRM 899117

P. lubrica Japan? Maeta et al. (2008) AB301612 NBRC32453

P. mixta Czech Rep. This paper HG007979 PRM 909924

P. spumosa Italy Osmundson et al. (2013) JF908577 MCVE 3533

P. spumosa Czech Rep. This paper HG007983 PRM 897683

P. spumosa Czech Rep. This paper HG007981 PRM 897147

P. squarrosa USA Matheny et al. (2006) DQ494683 eae

oa ss ; (also in CUW)

P. virescentifolia USA Matheny & Wolfenbarger, HQ222029 TENN020591

unpubl.

*Almost all available GenBank sequences from Pholiota sections Spumosae and Lubricae were included.

Those omitted were: P mixta EU715686 (Mexico; risk of misidentification); P flavida JF908576 (Italy;

identity unclear, as the name has been used in different senses); P lubrica JF 908578 (Italy; = P lenta,

according to DNA data); and P spumosa AY781268, AY618246, and P carbonaria JF440578, GU934596,

AY251301 (environmental samples not based on critically identified vouchers).

Materials & methods

Morphology

The holotype of P. lubrica var. obscura was loaned to the first author directly from

G. Chevassut in 2002. After Chevassut’s unfortunate death in 2003, the holotype was

retained in PRM herbarium (Mycological Department, National Museum, Prague,

Czech Republic) as it was unclear whom to return it. In 2013 it was sent to MPU

herbarium (Institut de Botanique, Université Montpellier 2, France), the current ‘home’

of Chevassut’s herbarium. (For herbarium acronyms, see Thiers 2013.) The type was

studied by traditional taxonomic methods as set forth in Singer (1986), Bas et al. (1988),

and Holec (2009). Microscopic mounts were made in a 5% KOH solution and studied

Pholiota gallica nom. nov... 163

under an Olympus BH-2 light microscope. Spore sizes are presented as the main data

range (c. 10-90 percentile values) flanked by extreme values (in parentheses) of all

spores measured (20 measurements per collection). The spores were measured directly

in the microscope using the eyepiece micrometer. Q = the length/width quotient of all

spores and Qav = mean value of Q.

Phylogeny

DNA was isolated from dried specimens as described in Holec & Kolarik (2013).

The ITS-LSU rDNA gene was amplified using primers ITSIF and LR6; the same

primers, together with primers ITS4 and NL1, were used for sequencing. Sequences

were combined with published Pholiota ITS-LSU rDNA sequences (Tas. 1) selected

from GenBank based on the greatest similarity using BLAST search and subsequent

phylogenetic analysis (trees not shown). The dataset was aligned in MAFFT v6.861b

(Katoh & Toh 2008). Pholiota squarrosa (Vahl) P. Kumm., a taxon sister to our sequences

in the preliminary tree, was selected as outgroup. Of the total 17 sequences (eight

obtained in this study) and 693 positions in the final dataset, 132 were variable and

91 parsimony informative. The evolutionary history was inferred by the Maximum

Parsimony method in MEGA 5.0 (Tamura et al. 2011) using default settings and 300

bootstrap replicates. Bayesian phylogenetic analyses were conducted as described in

Holec & Kolarik (2013) using a K2H-I substitution model.

Taxonomy

Morphology

Our holotype study (see below) confirmed the original observation by Bon

& Chevassut (1989) that P lubrica var. obscura has ellipsoid-ovoid to ovoid

spores. For this reason it cannot belong to P lubrica (Pers.) Singer, which is

characterized by phaseoliform spores in side view (Holec 2001). Pholiota

lubrica is the type species of Pholiota sect. Lubricae (Fr.) Singer (emend. Holec

2001) that is delimited by phaseoliform spores and comprises three European

species: P. lubrica, P. lenta (Pers.) Singer, and P. elegans Jacobsson. [Jacobsson

(1991) and Noordeloos (2011) used the name P sect. Lubricula Kihner, a

synonym of P. sect. Lubricae.]

Its ovoid spores place P lubrica var. obscura in Pholiota sect. Spumosae A.H.

Sm. & Hesler (emend. Jacobsson 1991), represented in Europe by P spumosa

(Fr.) Singer, P mixta, P. highlandensis (Peck) Quadr. & Lunghini, P brunnescens

A.H. Sm. & Hesler, and P. chocenensis Holec & Kolarik (Holec 2001, Holec et

al. 2014, Noordeloos 2011). These species are very similar microscopically and

are delimited based on mostly macromorphological and ecological characters.

Pholiota lubrica var. obscura differs from all species of sect. Spumosae by

its unique combination of characters: large fruitbodies, castaneous brown

pileus, stipe distinctively ornamented by scales or thick bands of bright

yellow floccules, and growth on soil (not on burnt wood, charcoal, or ash) in

thermophilous Mediterranean forests.

164 ... Holec & Kolatik

Phylogeny

Our sequence analyses of representatives of sects. Spumosae and Lubricae

support the conclusions of our morphological analyses. The phylogenetic tree

(PLATE 1) placed with high statistical support the sequences of P. lubrica var.

obscura and the typical P. lubrica on very distant clades. The P. lubrica var.

obscura sequence comprises 698 readable positions and a string of 57 positions

in ITS2 that are superimposed, even in repeated sequencing of independently

amplified PCR amplicons. This sequence, when aligned with P lubrica (536

positions), differs in 11% of the positions.

Pholiota lubrica var. obscura forms a strongly supported lineage with

P. highlandensis (sect. Spumosae) and two GenBank entries (P castanea,

P. decussata). However, both the American P. castanea and an Italian collection

identified as P. decussata (Osmundson et al. 2013) form a separate clade. The

sequence of P. decussata sensu Osmundson et al., which represents P. chocenensis

P. castanea HQ222025 USA

1.00/100

P. decussata (P. chocenensis ) JF908583 Italy

P. gallica = P. lubrica var. obscura HG007988 France

P. highlandensis HG007976 Czech R.

P. highlandensis HG007974 Czech R.

P. lubrica HG007987 Czech R.

1.00/95

0.49/52 P. lubrica HG007986 Czech R.

P. lubrica AB301612 Japan

P. lenta AY281022 Finland

P. lenta JF908582 Italy

P. ferrugineolutescens HQ222026 USA

P. virescentifolia HQ222029 USA

P. mixta HG007979 Czech R.

P. spumosa HG007983 Czech R.

P. spumosa JF908577 Italy

P. spumosa HG007981 Czech R.

P. squarrosa DQ494683 USA

PLATE 1. Phylogenetic placement of Pholiota gallica inferred from ITS rDNA data. MrBayes tree

topology is presented; numbers beside the nodes represent Bayesian MCMC posterior probabilities

and parsimony bootstraps. Sequences printed in bold were obtained during this study.

Pholiota gallica nom. nov... 165

(Holec et al. 2014), differs from that of P lubrica var. obscura by 18%. The species

traditionally classified in sect. Lubricae — P. lubrica, P. lenta, and the American

P. ferrugineolutescens — form a second well-supported lineage. Other members

of sect. Spumosae, P mixta (European)/P. virescentifolia (American) and

P. spumosa, form two independent phylogenetic lineages. The mutual positions

of these four main species groups are unresolved. Our data suggest that species

of the traditionally recognized sect. Spumosae form several well-supported

lineages related to the species lineage from sect. Lubricae. Thus, sect. Spumosae

appears paraphyletic and contains some Lubricae species. Broader taxon

sampling and additional molecular markers are needed to determine if both

sections represent natural monophyletic groups or if the higher ranked taxon

— Pholiota subgen. Flammuloides A.H. Sm. & Hesler (= P. subgen. Lubricula

Kuhner) - is the monophyletic group containing all the species mentioned.

Taxonomic position of P. lubrica var. obscura

The most important conclusions from our morphological and DNA analyses

are that (1) P lubrica var. obscura is clearly distant from the typical P lubrica,

(2). P. lubrica var. obscura is also distant from other European representatives of

Pholiota sects. Spumosae and Lubricae as well as from its nearest relatives in the

P. highlandensis clade, and (3) P. lubrica var. obscura is separated by a unique

combination of morphological and ecological characters. For these reasons, it

is raised to species rank below.

Pholiota gallica Holec & Kolatik, nom. nov. PLATE 2

MycoBank: MB804715

ErymMo oey: from Gallia, the Latin name for today’s France, the type locality.

= Pholiota lubrica var. obscura Bon & Chevassut, Doc. Mycol. 19(75): 44. 1989. [non

Pholiota obscura A.H. Sm. & Hesler, N. Amer. Species Pholiota: 108. 1968].

Type: France, Languedoc, Maison forestiere des Plots, 350 m a.s.l., under Pinus

halepensis, 24.X1.1985, leg. Durand, herb. G. Chevassut no. 3478 (holotype, MPU};

GenBank HG0079838, as P. lubrica var. obscura); 10 km N of Montpellier, Bellevue, under

Quercus ilex, 24.X1.1968, herb. G. Chevassut no. 600 (paratype, MPU; not seen; loan

request not acknowledged).

ORIGINAL DIAGNOSIS (Bon & Chevassut 1989): A typo differt pilei coloribus obscurioribus

(brunneis ad instar Suilli lutei), stipite conspicue Iuteo-armillato, lamellis sporisque

fuscioribus quam in typo. Micro sicut in typo sed sporae interdum usque ad 8(8.5) x 5-5.5

um, pariete s.l. +/- brunneola.

ORIGINAL LINE DRAWINGS: Doc. Mycol. 19(75): p. 43, fig. 25, 1989.

ENGLISH TRANSLATION OF THE ORIGINAL FRENCH DESCRIPTION — A large

Pholiota, with castaneous brown pileus and stipe ornamented with big yellow

floccules. PiLEUs 4-9 cm, cuticle viscid, bright brown (like Suillus luteus);

LAMELLAE rather broad (<1 cm), rather dense, emarginate, pale olivaceous

yellow or somewhat darker; strpE 3-7 x 1-1.2 cm, subcylindrical, distinctively

166 ... Holec & Kolatik

ornamented (starting several cm under the lamellae) by bright yellow floccules

which are very characteristic (scales or thick bands); CONTEXT thick, white,

odour weak, of leather. Spores 5.5-7.5(-8.5) x (4.5-)5-5.5 um, ovoid with

an indistinct germ pore and wall rather dark for a Pholiota s.str.; CySTIDIA

variable, clavate, ventricose or lageniform, 40-60 x 12-15 um, + yellow on

apex in ammonia but only slightly cyanophilous in C4B; CHEILOCysTIDIA of

the same type but + intermixed with marginal cells of variable shape, clavate,

fusiform or lageniform and + constricted, hyaline; EpIcuTIs a remarkably

gelatinized ixotrichoderm, hyphae 2-5 um; PIGMENT of several types (mixed)

or membranally encrusting towards the subcutis; cLamps numerous.

Holotype study

The holotype consists of two well-dried mature fruitbodies. BAstDIOSPORES

6.8-8 x 4.4-4.8(-5.2) um, Q = 1.38-1.73, Qav = 1.55, ellipsoid-ovoid to ovoid

in face view, ovoid in side view, rusty yellow, wall thick, rusty brown, with a

narrow but distinct germ pore, hilar appendix indistinct; BAstDIA 24-27 x

6-7 um, 4-spored, narrowly clavate with median constriction; BASIDIOLAE

16-20 x 6-7 um, clavate; LAMELLAE EDGE fertile; CHEILOCYSTIDIA numerous,

protruding, 42-56 x 10-12 um, fusiform to lageniform with narrow pedicel

(1.5-3 um), thin-walled, sometimes with apical yellow incrustations, mostly

hyaline or some partly filled with a homogeneous pale yellow content or

completely filled with a fine granular rusty yellow substance; PLEUROCYSTIDIA

abundant, 56-60 x 12-16 um, similar to cheilocystidia; CHRYSOCYSTIDIA

absent; LAMELLAR TRAMA regular, of parallel hyphae 2-10 um broad; PILEUS

CUTICLE formed by a thin rusty brown epicutis and a thicker rusty yellow

subcutis, gradually passing into the pileus trama, non-gelatinized; EPICUTIS

of cylindrical hyphae 3-10 um broad, with strong membranal and encrusting

pigmentation; suBcuTIs of hyphae 10-24 um broad, formed by cylindrical to

slightly fusiformly inflated, thick-walled cells with membranal and encrusting

pigmentation, when observed on sections which are not parallel with subcutis

hyphae, the subcutis looks subcylindrical, of ellipsoid to subglobose cells,

however, these “cells” represent oblique sections through cylindrical hyphae;

PILEOCYSTIDIA or distinctively shaped terminal elements absent; STIPE CUTICLE

a cutis of densely arranged cylindrical hyphae, (2—)4—10 um broad, with yellow

membranal pigment and yellow-rusty encrustations, covered with cords of

more distinctively pigmented hyphae forming the stipe covering, at places

forming interwoven and protruding clumps (visible as scales by naked eye)

of hyphae 4-12 um broad; cauLocystip14 or distinctively formed terminal

elements absent; CLAMP CONNECTIONS present in all tissues.

Taxonomic notes

Our morphological observations were very similar to those by Bon &

Chevassut (1989). The discrepancies concern the cystidial shape (we did

Pholiota gallica nom. nov ... 167

Cor ge

ar enn:

PLATE 2. Pholiota gallica (holotype, MPU: herb. G. Chevassut no. 3478).

BS: basidiospores, CH: cheilocystidia, PL: pleurocystidia. Drawing by J. Holec.

168 ... Holec & Kolatik

not observe clavate cystidia) and the character of the pileus cuticle, which

was certainly in more natural condition when studied by Bon & Chevassut,

who observed an ixotrichoderm that probably collapsed when dried and so

resembled the cutis seen by us. The most important P. gallica characters are

the ovoid spores with a narrow germ pore, numerous fusiform to lageniform

cheilo- and pleurocystidia (sometimes with a yellow apex or yellow intracellular

pigmentation), and the absence of pileo-/caulocystidia or distinct terminal

elements. These characters place P. gallica in Pholiota sect. Spumosae.

Although only two P. gallica collections are currently available, the uniqueness

and correlation of the morphological, ecological, and DNA characters support

the elevation of the original variety to species rank. The taxonomic resolution,

awaited for 12 years by the first author (see Holec 2001: 197), was finally

Mediterranean mycologists to P. gallica so as to stimulate their search for it. We

believe that we offer a better solution than ignoring the forgotten P lubrica var.

obscura, which, moreover, does not represent the typical P lubrica.

COMMENT ON NOMENCLATURE: We intended to raise P lubrica var. obscura

to the rank of species using the name ‘obscura’ However, the previous existence

of P obscura A.H. Sm. & Hesler required that we create a replacement name

(P. gallica) for the species, which shares the holotype of P lubrica var. obscura.

Notes on similar European species

We summarize the morphological differences between P. gallica and the

European species of Pholiota sects. Spumosae and Lubricae in Tas. 2. The

species most similar in habit are P chocenensis, P. brunnescens, and P. lubrica.

However, P. chocenensis is smaller and has a brighter pileus colour and

darker stipe covering, P brunnescens grows on coal and has caulocystidia on

the stipe surface (Holec et al. 2014 show that it is probably conspecific with

P. highlandensis), and P. lubrica has slightly phaseoliform spores. Pholiota gallica

seems to bea Mediterranean species growing under typical thermophilous trees

(Pinus halepensis, Quercus ilex), but further collections are needed to evaluate

its habitat preferences more precisely.

Notes on American species

In their North American Pholiota monograph, Smith & Hesler (1968)

treated many species in Pholiota sects. Flammuloides, Carbonicola, Spumosae,

and Lubricae based on microcharacters that are simultaneously very similar

and very variable. Molecular studies would be helpful, but Pholiota gallica does

not match any of the small percentage of taxa already sequenced (PLATE 1).

The morphologically most similar species belong to stirpes Condensa and

Spumosa (Smith & Hesler 1968), neither of which fits P gallica. Within sect.

Lubricae sensu Smith & Hesler (differently circumscribed than our section

Lubricae), the most similar taxa are in stirpes Fibrillosipes and Lubrica. The

Pholiota gallica nom. nov ... 169

TABLE 2. Pairwise comparisons of characters differentiating P gallica from other

European species of Pholiota sect. Spumosae and Lubricae*

TAXON

P. sect. Spumosae

P. chocenensis

P. highlandensis

P mixta

P. spumosa

P. brunnescens

P. sect. Lubricae

P. lubrica

P lenta

P. elegans

TAXON CHARACTERS

Spores ovoid

Rather small (pileus 1.5-5 cm), pileus bright

(orange, with yellow-ochre or rusty brown

tinge), stipe veil remnants dark (yellow-

rusty to rusty orange)

Anthracophilous; stipe covering fine,

flocculose to fibrillose

Rather small (pileus 2-6 cm), pileus margin

and stipe whitish, stipe covering fine,

fibrillose

Medium-sized (pileus 3-7 cm), yellow-

ochre to yellow-brown; stipe covering fine,

fibrillose-tomentose

Anthracophilous; caulocystidia clavate

Spores phaseoliform in side view

Pileus orange, cinnamon to reddish-brown

with paler margin; spores phaseoliform in

side view

Pileus whitish to greyish-beige; spores

phaseoliform in side view

Pileus lemon-yellow, yellow to yellow-ochre;

spores phaseoliform in side view

P. GALLICA CHARACTERS

Large (pileus 4-9 cm), pileus dark

(castaneous brown), stipe veil

remnants yellow

Terricolous; stipe covering distinct,

forming scales to bands

Large (pileus 4-9 cm), pileus dark

(castaneous brown); stipe covering

distinct, forming scales to bands

Large (pileus 4-9 cm), pileus dark

(castaneous brown); stipe covering

distinct, forming scales to bands

Terricolous; caulocystidia absent

Pileus castaneous brown;

spores ovoid

Pileus dark (castaneous brown);

spores ovoid

Pileus dark (castaneous brown);

spores ovoid

*Based on data in this paper, Holec (2001), Noordeloos (2011), and (for P chocenensis) Holec et al. (2014).

species there differ from P gallica in macrocharacters and smaller, more or

less phaseoliform basidiospores. However, a final conclusion must await the

revision and sequencing of all North American species.

Identity of P. virescentifolia

Pholiota mixta (Fr.) Kuyper & Tjall.-Beuk., Persoonia 13: 81. 1986.

= Agaricus mixtus Fr., Epicr. Syst. Mycol.: 185. 1838.

= Pholiota virescentifolia A.H. Sm. & Hesler, N. Amer. Species Pholiota: 363. 1968.

The sequence obtained from the holotype of P. virescentifolia forms a strongly

supported lineage with the European P mixta (PLATE 1). Their morphological

characters agree as well, except for tufts of caulocystidia that Holec (2001) did

not observe in P mixta. However, the key diagnostic characters are the same

in both species: dirty yellow-brown viscid pileus, short stipe with whitish apex,

ovoid spores measuring about 5.5-8 x 3.5-4 um, numerous and large cheilo-

and pleurocystidia, and growth on soil and humus (not on wood). We therefore

place P. virescentifolia into synonymy under P. mixta.

170 ... Holec & Kolatik

Acknowledgements

We thank the reviewers, Vladimir Antonin (Moravian Museum, Brno, Czech

Republic) and Stig Jacobsson (University of Géteborg, Sweden), for their valuable

comments. We also thank Mycotaxon Editors, Shaun Pennycook and Lorelei L. Norvell,

for numerous formal and linguistic corrections. The work was financially supported by

the Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic (DKRVO 2013/06, National Museum,

00023272).

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MYCOTAXON

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/127.173

Volume 127, pp. 173-183 January-March 2014

Corymbiglomus pacificum, a new glomeromycete

from a saline lakeshore in Chile

JORGE MEDINA’, PABLO CORNEJO’, FERNANDO BORIE’', SEBASTIAN MEIER’,

JAVIER PALENZUELA’, HELDER ELisIo EVANGELISTA VIEIRA},

ARAESKA C.A. FERREIRA?, GLADSTONE ALVES DA SILVA},

IVAN SANCHEZ-CASTRO4, & FRITZ OEHL?>

"Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus BIOREN, Universidad de La Frontera,

P.O Box 54-D, Temuco, Chile

*Departamento de Microbiologia del Suelo y Sistemas Simbi6ticos,

Estacion Experimental del Zaidin, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, E-18008 Granada, Spain

*Departamento de Micologia, CCB, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco,

Av. da engenharia s/n, Cidade Universitaria, 50740-600, Recife, PE, Brazil

‘Departamento de Microbiologia, Campus de Fuentenueva, Universidad de Granada,

E-18071 Granada, Spain

*Agroscope, Federal Research Institute of Sustainability Sciences, Plant-Soil Interactions,

Reckenholzstrasse 191, CH-8046 Ziirich, Switzerland

“CORRESPONDENCE TO: fritz.oehl@agroscope.admin.ch

ABSTRACT — A new species of the Glomeromycetes is diagnosed by bright yellow to dark yellow

bi-walled spores (85-131 tm diam.) that form terminally on cylindrical subtending hyphae.

The yellow outer spore wall is continuous with the hyphal wall, while the germ tubes emerge

during germination from the hyaline inner wall to penetrate the outer wall. Phylogenetic

analyses place the new fungus, Corymbiglomus pacificum, within the Diversisporales next to

C. corymbiforme and C. globiferum. The new species was found in the Araucania region of

southern Chile in the rhizospheric soils of Ammophila arenaria at the mouth of Lake Budi, a

saline ecosystem where the lake is periodically directly connected to the Pacific Ocean.

Key worps — Glomeromycota, Diversisporaceae, molecular phylogeny, arbuscular

mycorrhizal fungi

Introduction

Budi Lake is an unusual coastal lake in La Araucania Region of southern

Chile. When the lake water levels rise after high winter rainfalls or during

exceptionally high tides, the lake connects with the Pacific Ocean, while it is

174 ... Medina & al.

rarely connected during the summers (Pefia-Corteés et al. 2006). During high

tides, ocean water enters the lake, giving it a brackish nature (1.5-2.0% salt;

Basualto et al. 2006).

Ammophila arenaria (L.) Link (Poaceae) is one of the dominant pioneer

plant species growing on the alluvial-stony lakeshore at the mouth of Budi Lake.

This plant, which is distributed worldwide, is often called European beach or

European marram grass due to its dominance of many saline dunes in Europe

and North Africa. Ammophila arenaria, which has high sand burial tolerance,

promotes dune formation through sand accumulation. Arbuscular mycorrhizal

(AM) fungi are important components for stabilizing such ecosystems through

soil aggregation and formation of extensive extraradical mycelial networks.

Previous studies have shown that a number of AM fungal species belonging

to several genera (e.g., Acaulospora, Diversispora, Funneliformis, Glomus,

Racocetra, and Scutellospora) are associated with A. arenaria (Blaszkowski

1994; Kowalchuk et al. 2002; Rodriguez-Echeverria & Freitas 2006; Estrada et

al. 2011, 2013).

During diversity studies of AM fungi at Budi Lake, an undescribed species

was found in the rhizospheric soils of A. arenaria. The objective of the present

study was to thoroughly investigate the new fungal species through combined

morphological and molecular spore analyses and describe the fungus

accordingly.

Materials & methods

Study site and soil sampling

Lake Budi (approximately 56 km’) is located on the Pacific coastline of the

municipality Puerto Saavedra in La Araucania Region (southern Chile, 38°53’S

73°17'W). Its typical Pacific seaside climate has a narrow temperature range (annual

average temperature of 12°C) due to the marine and lacustrine thermoregulation effect;

summer maximum and minimum temperatures average 18-20°C and 9-11°C, while

winter averages are 13-14°C and 0.5-7°C. The annual average rainfall, concentrated

between autumn (March) and early spring (August), is 1350 mm (Pefa-Cortés 2008).

Several pioneer species (e.g., Ammophila arenaria, Ambrosia chamissonis (Less.)

Greene, Polygonum maritimum L., and Carpobrotus chilensis (Molina) N.E. Br.) grow

in the lake-ocean transition zone (38°49'34"S 73°23°43”W). Rhizospheric soil was

collected from these plant species in 2011 (April, July, October) and 2012 (January). The

new fungus was found in A. arenaria rhizospheric soils, which were air-dried and stored

for AM fungal spore isolation and identification. The soils had a pH (H,O) 8.1, 15 mg

kg"! organic carbon, 4.0 mg kg" available P (as ‘Olson’-P), 74.0 mg kg™' available K (as

‘ammonium-acetate’-extractable K), and 350.3 mS m‘ electrical conductivity.

AM fungal bait cultures

Although bait cultures were established as described in Oehl et al. (2012), no spores

have yet been produced by the new fungus.

Corymbiglomus pacificum sp. nov. (Chile) ... 175

Morphological analyses

AM fungal spores were separated from the soil samples by a combined wet sieving

and specific density/sugar-gradient separation process as described by Sieverding

(1991). Spore morphology and subcellular structures were described based on

observations of specimens mounted in polyvinyl alcohol-lactic acid-glycerol (PVLG;

Koske & Tessier 1983), a mixture of PVLG and Melzer’s reagent (Brundrett et al.

1994), a mixture of lactic acid and water at 1:1, Melzer’s reagent, and water (Spain

1990). Spore terminology follows that presented for species with glomoid, pacisporoid,

diversisporoid or paraglomoid spore formation in Oehl et al. (2005, 2011a) and Mello

et al. (2013). Photographs were taken with a digital camera (Leica DFC 290) on a

compound microscope (Leitz Laborlux S$) using Leica Application Suite Version V

2.5.0 R1 software. Specimens mounted in PVLG and the mixture of PVLG and Melzer’s

reagent were deposited at the mycological herbaria of ETH Zurich (Z+ZT, Switzerland),

of the University of Granada (GDA-GDAC, Spain) and of the Federal University of

Pernambuco (URM, Recife, Brazil).

Molecular and phylogenetic analyses

After all isolated spores were washed in ultrapure water and sonicated three to

four times, crude DNA extracts were obtained from two single spores, extracted from

field soil samples taken at the type location in January 2012. The spores were singly

placed on a slide in a drop (5-10 uL) of ultrapure water and crushed with a sterile

needle. Extracted DNA was used as template for a semi-nested PCR using the primers

ITS3+28G2 (White et al. 1990; Silva et al. 2006) and LR1+28G2 (van Tuinen et al.

1998; Silva et al. 2006), consecutively. PCR reactions were carried out in a volume of 50

uL, containing 75 mM Tris-HCl pH 8.8, 200 mM (NH,),SO,, 0.01% Tween 20, 2 mM

MgCl, 200 uM each dNTPs, 1M of each primer and 2 units of Taq"’ DNA polymerase

(Fermentas, Maryland, USA); cycling parameters were 5 min at 95 °C (1 cycle), 45s at

94 °C, 1 min at 55 °C, 1 min at 72 °C (40 cycles), and a final elongation of 7 min at 72 °C

followed the last cycle. The final amplicons (~690 bp) were purified with the PureLink

PCR Purification Kit (Invitrogen™, Carlsbad, USA), sequenced directly or cloned with a

CloneJET™ PCR Cloning kit (Fermentas; Carlsbad, USA) following the manufacturer's

instructions and sequenced. Sequencing was provided by the Human Genome Research

Center (Sao Paulo, Brazil). Sequence data were compared to public databases (EMBL

and GenBank) using BLASTn. The new sequences were deposited in the NCBI database

under the accession numbers HG532010-HG532015.

The phylogeny was reconstructed by analyses of the partial LSU rDNA. The AM

fungal sequences were aligned in ClustalX (Larkin et al. 2007) and edited with the

BioEdit program (Hall 1999) to obtain a final alignment. Pacispora scintillans (S.L.

Rose & Trappe) Sieverd. & Oehl ex C. Walker et al. was included as outgroup. Prior

to phylogenetic analysis, the model of nucleotide substitution was estimated using

Topali 2.5 (Milne et al. 2004). Bayesian (two runs over 1 x 10° generations with a burnin

value of 2500) and maximum likelihood (1000 bootstrap) analyses were performed,

respectively, in MrBayes 3.1.2 (Ronquist & Huelsenbeck 2003) and PhyML (Guindon &

Gascuel 2003), launched from Topali 2.5, using the GTR + G model. Neighbor-joining

(established with the model cited above) and maximum parsimony analyses were

performed using PAUP*4b10 (Swofford 2003) with 1000 bootstrap replications.

176 ... Medina & al.

Results

Taxonomic analyses

Corymbiglomus pacificum Oehl, J. Medina, P. Cornejo, Sanchez-Castro,

G.A. Silva & Palenz., sp. nov. Fics 1-8

MycoBank MB 805601

Differs from other Corymbiglomus species by the lack of a hyphal mantle.

Type: Chile, La Araucania Region, Puerto Saavedra (38°49 °34"S 73°23’43"W); isolated

from the rhizospheric soil of Ammophila arenaria at the Budi Lake in close proximity to

the Pacific Ocean, 36-3601 (holotype, ZT Myc 49005); 36-3602-36-3610 (isotypes, ZT

Myc 49006); 36-3621 (isotype, URM 83531).

ETyMoLocy: pacificum (Latin), referring to the Pacific Ocean, which is adjacent to the

isolation site.

SPOROCARPS unknown.

Spores formed singly in soil, bright yellow to dark yellow to rarely brownish

yellow, globose to subglobose to rarely ellipsoid to irregular, (85-)95-130

(-135) x (75-)85-125(-131) um diam., with outer and inner walls.

OUTER WALL smooth, three-layered: outer layer (OWL1) evanescent to

semi-persistent, subhyaline to light yellow, 0.6-1.2 um thick, usually tightly

adherent to second layer (OWL2); OWL2 finely laminated, bright yellow to

dark yellow to brownish dark yellow, 1.8-3.5(-4.5) Um; inner layer (OWL3)

hyaline, thin (0.4-0.7 um), separable under pressure but usually adherent to

OWL2 and then difficult to observe. Outer spore surface partially expands

slightly and thus sometimes appears lamellate to slightly pustulate.

INNER WALL hyaline, three-layered: outer layer (IWL1) 0.4-1.0 um thick (in

crushed spores sometimes separating under light pressure from IWL2); central

layer (IWL2) 1.5-2.5(-3.0) um thick; inner layer (IWL3) very thin (0.4-0.7 um),

flexible, showing folds in broken spores, usually adhering to IWL2 and often

difficult to observe. IWL2 may stain light yellow to bright dark yellow in

Melzer’s reagent.

SUBTENDING HYPHA usually straight (sometimes recurved), 7-12 um diam.

at the spore base, cylindrical (rarely slightly constricted); wall concolorous and

continuous with OWL1 and OWL2 and of the same thickness up to (5-)10-25

um from the spore base, where it tapers to <0.5 Um within 60-120 Um; pore

often closed at the spore base by a septal bridge formed by OWL2 and the

adherent OWL3, the pore sometimes apparently open, and with the IW that

forms de novo during spore formation closing the pore at the spore base.

GERMINATION occurring directly through the outer spore wall after a single

germ tube emerges on the outer surface of the inner wall.

MyYcCoRRHIZA FORMATION unknown.

DISTRIBUTION: The new fungal species is restricted thus far to the on

the ocean side of Budi Lake in the rhizospheric soil of Ammophila arenaria.

Corymbiglomus pacificum sp. nov. (Chile) ... 177

Fics 1-8. Corymbiglomus pacificum. 1-5. Uncrushed spores with two walls: outer and inner wall

(OW and IW); pigmented subtending hyphae cylindrical to slightly constricted; hyaline germ

tubes (gt) penetrating OW; spore surface with rough, lamellate to slightly pustulate appearance

due to partial expansion of the outermost wall layer. 6-8. Crushed spores with triple-layered OW

and triple-layered IW (OWL1-3 and IWL1-3); OWLI evanescent and with lamellate to pustulate

appearance; OWL2 laminate (Fic. 7), and IWL2 staining yellow in Melzer’s reagent (Fic. 8).

Associated species of Glomeromycetes Caval.-Sm. (Oehl et al. 2011c) at the site

included Acaulospora scrobiculata Trappe, Glomus macrocarpum Tul & C. Tul.,

and Septoglomus constrictum (Trappe) Sieverd. et al.

178 ... Medina & al.

Molecular analyses

Phylogenetic analyses of the partial LSU rRNA sequences place C. pacificum

into the /corymbiforme clade near C. globiferum and C. corymbiforme and

support Corymbiglomus with high bootstrap and posterior probabilities values

(Fic. 9). The intra-specific variation between LSU rRNA gene sequences for the

new species was around 1%. In the BLASTn analysis, the species most closely

related to C. pacificum was C. globiferum with a 96% similarity. Environmental

sequences most similar to the new species sequences (97%) were found in roots

of Ixeris repens (Asteraceae) collected from saline coastal beach vegetation in

Japan (Yamato et al. 2012).

Discussion

Corymbiglomus pacificum can easily be distinguished morphologically

from all other species in the Glomeromycota through the combination of spore

formation type, spore color, and spore wall structure. The three genera producing

bi-walled spores terminally on subtending hyphae are Pacispora Sieverd. &

Oehl (Oehl & Sieverding 2004), Corymbiglomus Btaszk. & Chwat (Blaszkowski

2012, Blaszkowski & Chwat 2013), and some species of Paraglomus J.B. Morton

& D. Redecker (Morton & Redecker 2001, Oehl et al. 2011b, Mello et al. 2013).

However, Pacispora species form typically pacisporoid hyphal connections,

often with one to multiple hyphal pegs on constricted subtending hyphae, and

their inner walls stain purple to dark purple in Melzer’s reagent, not found in

Corymbiglomus. In Paraglomus, only one species forms pigmented spores, P.

bolivianum (Sieverd. & Oehl) Oehl & G.A. Silva (Oehl & Sieverd. 2004, Mello

et al. 2013), which have a pitted spore surface.

The three species previously described in Corymbiglomus are C. corymbiforme

(Blaszk.) Blaszk. & Chwat, C. globiferum (Koske et C. Walker) Blaszk. & Chwat,

and C. tortuosum (N.C. Schenck & G.S. Sm.) Blaszk. & Chwat (Blaszkowski

2012, Blaszkowski & Chwat 2013, Blaszkowski 1990, 1995, Koske & Walker

1986, Schenck & Smith 1982). All three are characterized by spores that are

individually covered with a hyphal mantle of non-branched or branched

hyphae with or without terminal vesiculate swellings (Blaszkowski & Chwat

2013). As the spores of C. pacificum are smooth and lack a hyphal mantle, the

generic description of Corymbiglomus may need emending.

Corymbiglomus pacificum (characterized by yellow spores lacking a

peridium) is phylogenetically most closely related to C. globiferum, which

differs morphologically in its orange-brown to ‘rich red-brown, substantially

larger spores (150-260 x 150-270 Um, exclusive peridium) (Koske & Walker

1986).

Although Corymbiglomus species have not previously been described as

having bi-walled spores, it is obvious from Blaszkowski (1995, figs. 6-8) and

Corymbiglomus pacificum sp. nov. (Chile) ... 179

Pacispora scintillans FM876831

P. scintillans FM876832

100- Corymbiglomus tortuosum JF439094

99 C. tortuosum FJ461850

1.00], C. tortuosum JF439095

90 C. tortuosum JF439096

9 100, C. corymbiforme KF060298

De: 100, C. corymbiforme KF060295

#6 1.00 C. corymbiforme KF060296

75 C. corymbiforme KF060294

ee C. corymbiforme KF060297

g9r— C. globiferum FJ461836

100! | C. pacificum HG532012

1.00) C. pacificum HG532010

100 99 C. pacificum HG532013

Te C. pacificum HG532014

1.00 1.00 C. pacificum HG532011

C. pacificum HG532015

99, Diversispora epigaea FM876815

291 - D. epigaea FM876816

1.00, D. epigaea FN547667

pes D. epigaea FN547668

100 D. epigaea FN547669

1.00 400 Tricispora nevadensis FR865448

10 [| 7. nevadensis FR865447

1.00 T. nevadensis FR865446

56 be D. celata AM713403

63 100) D. celata AM713404

1.00 60 M4|1-00l D celata AM713402

38 D. eburnea AM713409

0.77 [Ly D. eburnea AM713411

100 D. eburnea AM713410

100 D. eburnea AM713407

bes D. eburnea AM713408

60 Otospora bareae FR865445

460 O. bareae FR865444

94 D. clara FR873629

gon ip D. clara FR873632

1.00 D. clara FR873633

D. clara FR873630

D. clara FR873631

100 D. spurca FN547645

100 D. spurca FN547643

D. spurca FN547647

P D. spurca FN547644

95! D. spurca FN547646

98 id D. aurantia FN547659

2 D. aurantia FN547656

1.00 D. aurantia FN547658

D. aurantia FN547657

oe D. aurantia FN547655

Fic. 9. Phylogenetic reconstruction of the Diversisporaceae obtained from partial nuclear LSU rRNA

gene sequence analysis. Sequences are labeled with database accession numbers. Support values

(from top) are from neighbor-joining (NJ), maximum parsimony (MP), maximum likelihood (ML)

and Bayesian analyses, respectively. Sequences obtained in this work are in bold. Only topologies

with =>50% bootstrap values are shown. (Consistency Index = 0.66; Retention Index = 0.91).

180 ... Medina & al.

Blaszkowski (2012, fig. 55H) that C. corymbiforme has a hyaline inner wall.

Also C. globiferum was presented with two walls (Koske & Walker 1986, Wu

& Sylvia 1993). For C. tortuosum, however, more analyses are needed on type

and non-type spores, as it appears that spores with one and two walls and

similar tortuous spore surfaces have both been identified as C. tortuosum (Oehl

unpublished), and it is not clear if the type material has also bi-walled spores or

belongs in another mono-walled genus.

Corymbiglomus pacificum, which is the first Corymbiglomus species for

which germination has been observed, germinates directly through the

spore wall, as in Pacispora and Paraglomus (Rose & Trappe 1980, Oehl &

Sieverding 2004, Oehl et al. 2011a, Mello et al. 2013) and all species in the

Acaulosporaceae and Gigasporales. Lobed structures formed during spore

germination (as in Pacispora) or persistent germination shields (as in

Acaulosporaceae, Dentiscutataceae, Intraornatosporaceae, Racocetraceae, and

Scutellosporaceae; Silva et al. 2008, Oehl et al. 2011d, Mello et al. 2012) have

not been observed. Such structures are also not known for Paraglomus species.

In the Diversisporaceae, to which Corymbiglomus spp. currently belong, there

are two other genera with bi-walled spores, but these form either laterally on or

intra-hyphally within the necks of sporiferous saccules (Otospora & Tricispora),

and their germination procedures have not yet been observed. Diversispora and

Redeckera species that form mono-walled spores terminally on hyphae might

always germinate through the subtending hyphae, as known for Diversispora

epigaea, D. versiformis, and many mono-walled species of Glomeraceae (e.g.,

http://invam.wvu.edu/the-fungi/classification/diversisporaceae/diversispora/

versiforme, Oehl et al. 2011a).

Corymbiglomus pacificum was found at the mouth of Budi Lake (Puerto

Saavedra, Chile) close to where the Pacific Ocean periodically floods the lake

and lakeshore with seawater that salts the fungal habitat (the rhizospheric soils

of Ammophila arenaria). Future research will show whether the new fungus

is restricted to this particular ecosystem or whether it has a much wider

distribution, being more frequently associated with this cosmopolitan sand

dune plant species, or is present in other ecosystems without influence of sea

water or other salinification. As the four Corymbiglomus species have rarely

been detected, no conclusion can be drawn about the worldwide occurrence or

biogeography of this recently described genus. However, it is remarkable that

all four have been reported from sand dunes or other salty ecosystems close

to sea or brackish water (e.g., Koske 1987, Koske & Walker 1986, Blaszkowski

1995, Tadych & Blaszkowski 2000). Like C. pacificum, C. corymbiforme was

also first isolated from the rhizosphere of A. arenaria (Blaszkowski 1995), while

C. globiferum was first isolated from American beach grass, the related plant

dune species A. breviligulata Fernald (Koske & Walker 1986).

Corymbiglomus pacificum sp. nov. (Chile) ... 181

Acknowledgments

The authors thank Dra. Alejandra Becerra (Universidad Nacional de Cérdoba,

Cordoba, Argentina) and Prof. Dr. Janusz Blaszkowski (West Pomeranian University

of Technology, Szczecin, Poland) for pre-submission critical review. The authors

acknowledge the valuable comments and revisions of several other experts on the

manuscript and appreciate the corrections by Shaun Pennycook, Nomenclatural

Editor, and suggestions by Lorelei L. Norvell, Editor-in-Chief. Jorge Medina thanks to

CONICYT program (Chile) for the scholarship (No. 21.110.151) granted. This study has

also been supported by Fondecyt 1100642 from Chile and by CNPq, FACEPE and UFPE

from Brazil, which provided grants to FE Oehl as ‘visiting professor’ The CNPq provided

further research grants (INCT - Herbario Virtual 572883/2008-4, Protax 562330/2010-

0 and Sisbiota 563342/2010-2) to Leonor C. Maia and G.A. Silva.

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MYCOTAXON

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/127.185

Volume 127, pp. 185-190 January-March 2014

First record of Erysiphe pulchra in China on a new host species

Lu-CHAO Balt, ZHI-MIN CaAo*, & ZHONG-DONG Yu

College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University,

Taicheng Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: zmcao@nwsuaf.edu.cn

ABSTRACT — Erysiphe pulchra (Erysiphe sect. Microsphaera) was identified on Cornus kousa

subsp. chinensis (= Dendrobenthamia japonica var. chinensis). This is the first record of this

species in China, and C. kousa subsp. chinensis is a new host plant for E. pulchra. The Chinese

specimen is described, illustrated, and discussed and its affinity has been confirmed using

molecular methods.

KEY worpDs — powdery mildew, taxonomy, morphology, phylogeny

Introduction

The Qinling Mountain range, which lies at the interface of several floristic

regions in north, central, and southwest China, forms a natural boundary

between the warm temperate and northern subtropical zones of China,

creating unique geographical conditions with characteristic plant and fungal

assemblages. Recently, a powdery mildew-forming chasmothecium with

dichotomous appendages found growing on Cornus kousa subsp. chinensis (

Dendrobenthamia japonica var. chinensis) was morphologically identified as

Erysiphe pulchra.

This species had not been previously recorded in China (Zheng & Yu 1987,

Wu & Wu 1991, Chen 1993, Wang et al. 2002, Liu 2010). Therefore, to verify

our morphological identification, we analyzed phylogenetically the rDNA ITS

sequence from this fungus.

Materials & methods

Living leaves of Cornus kousa subsp. chinensis containing the powdery mildew

teleomorph of the fungus were collected during September 2012 and 2013 in the

Qinling Mountains (Taibaihe town) in China. Herbarium specimens were deposited in

the Mycological Herbarium of Forestry College, Northwest A & F University, Yangling,

Shaanxi Province, China (HMNWAFU).

186 ... Bai, Cao, & Yu

The specimen was mounted in distilled water and examined by light microscopy

(Olympus CX31RTSE, Japan). The teleomorphic features of the fungus, including

chasmothecia, appendages, asci, and ascospores, were described, measured, and

photographed.

Genomic DNA was extracted from the chasmothecia with Chelex-100 (Walsh

et al. 1991; Hirata & Takamatsu 1996). The nuclear rDNA region of the ITS regions

(ITS1, ITS2) and 5.88 rRNA gene was amplified by nested PCR, first using the primers

ITS5 (White et al. 1990) and P3 (Kusaba & Tsuge 1995) and then the primers PM5

(Takamatsu & Kano 2001) and ITS4 (White et al. 1990). The PCR reactions were carried

out in a final volume of 50 uL, containing 27 uL 2x BoisTaq PCR MasterMix, 1 uL each

primer; 1 uL extracted DNA, and 20 uL ddH,O (Hirata & Takamatsu 1996). Thermal

cycling in a PTC-200 thermal cycler (BioRad) comprised an initial denaturation step at

95°C for 5 min, 35 cycles of 94°C for 1 min + 60°C for 1 min + 72°C for 1 min, and a final

elongation step at 72°C for 8 min. A negative control for each set of reactions replaced

template DNA with ddH,O. The PCR products were separated by electrophoresis on a

2% agarose gel in TAE buffer and purified using the Zymoclean™ Gel DNA Recovery

Kit, according to the manufacturer's instructions. The purified DNA products were

ligated into the pMD18-T vector (Takara) and transformed into E. coli DH5a cells. The

cloned fragments were sequenced by Sangon Biotech (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.

All DNA sequences were aligned using Clustal X 1.81 (Thompson et al. 1997), and

the alignments were adjusted following Nei & Kumar (2000). All positions containing

gaps or missing data were eliminated from the dataset. Cladistic trees were constructed

using the neighbor-joining method with the Kimura 2-parameter substitution model in

MEGA 4.0 (Tamura et al. 2007). Branch robustness was assessed by bootstrap analysis

with 1,000 replicates.

Results

Taxonomic description

Erysiphe pulchra (Cooke & Peck) U. Braun & S. Takam.,

Schlechtendalia 4: 12. 2000. Pr; a

= Microsphaera japonica Henn., Bot. Jb. 28: 326. 1900.

Mycelium amphigenous, mostly epiphyllous, forming patches or evanescent.

Chasmothecia scattered to gregarious, globose or depressed globose, (87.5-)

95-125 um diam.; peridium cells irregularly polygonal, 7.5-25(-30) um diam.;

appendages 6-12, equatorial, 0.8-1 times the length of the chasmothecial

diam., 7.5-10 um wide along the lower half, aseptate, walls thin above, thick

towards the base, smooth to somewhat rough, hyaline or pale brown at the

base, apices 3-5 times densely and regularly dichotomously branched, tips

distinctly recurved; asci 4-6, broadly ellipsoid-obovoid or subglobose, 55-65

x 42.5-50 um, stalked or sessile; ascospores 6-8, broadly ellipsoid, 15-22.5 x

10-12.5 um, colorless.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: CHINA, SHAANXI, Qinling Mountains, Taibaihe County,

33°48 °57"N 107°1206’E, alt. 1700 m, on living leaves of Cornus kousa subsp. chinensis

Erysiphe pulchra on Cornus kousa (China) ... 187

as (_20um__ |

PL. 1. Erysiphe pulchra (HMNWAEBU-CE 2012092) A. Chasmothecia and appendages; B. Asci and

ascospores.

188 ... Bai, Cao, & Yu

Erysiphe heraclei AB000942

Erysiphe friesii var. dahurica AB000939

Erysiphe glycines var. lespedezae AB015921

Erysiphe baeumleri AB015933

Erysiphe trifolii var. trifolii_ ABO15913

Erysiphe syringae AB015920

Erysiphe pseudolonicerae ABO15915

99 ' Erysiphe wallrothii AB015930

Erysiphe aquilegiae var. ranunculi_ AB000944

Erysiphe macleayae AB016048

Erysiphe katumotoi AB015917

toh Erysiphe pulchra var. japonica AB000941

Erysiphe pulchra K¥601334

100 | Erysiphe pulchra var. pulchra AB015935

Erysiphe weigelae AB015931

Erysiphe glycines var. glycines AB015927

Erysiphe simulans var. simulans AB015926

Erysiphe adunca var. adunca D84383

Fic. 1. A neighbor-joining tree based on distances derived from the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA

sequences from 18 Erysiphe taxa, with the Chinese representative of Erysiphe pulchra shown in

bold. The bar indicates a distance of 0.02.

(Osborn) Q.Y. Xiang (Cornaceae), Sep. 2012, L.C. Bai (HMNWAFU-CF 2012092;

GenBank KF601334)

Phylogenetic analysis FIG. 1

We phylogenetically compared the new sequence from our specimen with

sequences from 17 Erysiphe taxa downloaded from GenBank, including E.

simulans (E.S. Salmon) U. Braun & S. Takam. var. simulans and E. adunca

(Wallr.) Fr. var. adunca as outgroup; these 17 sequences were included in the

molecular analysis of Takamatsu et al. (1999). The 449 bp long ITS1-5.8S-ITS2

region from the powdery mildew species examined in this study has been

deposited in GenBank (KF601334). The DNA sequence retrieved from the

Chinese specimen clustered within a strongly supported clade (bootstrap value

= 100%) and formed a subclade (bootstrap value = 100%) with the sequence

from a Japanese specimen of Erysiphe pulchra var pulchra on Cornus kousa

(Fic. 1), indicating that these two sequences represent the same species.

Discussion

The anamorph of Erysiphe pulchra has not been identified within collections

made in the past two years. However, the chasmothecium we sampled is very

similar to descriptions of Erysiphe pulchra published by Braun (1987) and Braun

& Cook (2012), with the exception of somewhat shorter appendages (0.8-1

Erysiphe pulchra on Cornus kousa (China) ... 189

times as long as the chasmothecial diam. in the Chinese materials versus 1-2

times in the cited monographs). We follow the taxonomic characterization of E.

pulchra recently published by Braun & Cook (2012), who reduced Microsphaera

japonica to synonymy with E. pulchra based on Japanese-type materials. Other

than our study, all available data on molecular sequence analyses of E. pulchra

have been exclusively based on Japanese samples. To elucidate the genetic

structure of this species and determine the relationship between Asian and

North American collections, it will also be necessary to analyze sequences from

North American materials.

According to the host plant records for this powdery mildew (Braun & Cook

2012), Cornus kousa subsp. chinensis appears to be a new host for E. pulchra.

Acknowledgments

This paper was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province

(No. 2010JZ003). We wish to thank U. Braun (Herbarium, Martin Luther University,

Germany) for his valuable suggestions on examination of the present fungus. We also

thank Prof. Guangyu Sun (Northwest A&F University, China) and Dr. Braun for their

expert reviews.

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genes for phylogenetics. 315-322, in MA Innis et al. (eds.), PCR Protocols; a guide to methods

and applications. San Diego, Academic Press.

Wu MX, Wu MQ. 1991. Guizhou plant powdery mildew. Guizhou, Guizhou Science and

Technology Publishing House. (in Chinese).

Zheng RY, Yu YN. 1987. Flora Fungorum Sinicorum. Volume 1 (Erysiphales). Beijing, Science

Press. (in Chinese).

MY COTAXON

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/127.191

Volume 127, pp. 191-198 January-March 2014

Lactarius taxa by Zdenék Schaefer -

types and other collections in BRNM

VLADIMIR ANTONIN™ & JAN HOLEC?

‘Moravian Museum, Department of Botany, Zelny trh 6, CZ-659 37 Brno, Czech Republic

*National Museum, Mycological Department, Cirkusova 1740, CZ-193 00 Praha 9, Czech Republic

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: vantonin@mzm.cz

ABSTRACT — Extant BRNM herbarium vouchers of Lactarius taxa described, validated, or

neotypified by Zdenék Schaefer are enumerated and discussed. For each taxon, the holotype,

neotype, paratypes, syntypes, other original materials, and later collected specimens

identified or revised by Schaefer are cited. The nomenclatural status of each taxon is evaluated

and information or reference from published revisions/discussions is provided. These data

represent an aid for future revisions by morphological-anatomic and molecular methods. The

article follows a previous contribution devoted to vouchers in PRM.

Key worps — Basidiomycota, Russulales, taxonomy, nomenclature, Europe

Introduction

Zdenék Schaefer (1906-1974) was a Czech amateur mycologist who

specialized in the genus Lactarius. He published more than 20 new taxa (species

and varieties). Material studied by him is now stored in the Mycological

Department of the National Museum in Prague (PRM) and Moravian Museum

in Brno (BRNM). His biography, bibliography, working methods, and vouchers

stored in PRM have been described by Holec et al. (2014).

Our intention here is to clarify which types, other original materials,

and later collections identified by Schaefer are stored in BRNM. Most of the

specimens have not been studied morphologically or molecularly. They should

be used for clarification of the limits of Schaefer’s new taxa and for future lecto-

or neotypifications.

Materials & methods

Methods followed Holec et al. (2014). The following materials from BRNM are cited

for each taxon (if extant): holotype, syntypes, paratypes, other original materials, and

other collected specimens subsequently identified or revised by Z. Schaefer.

192 ... Antonin & Holec

Taxonomic and nomenclatural terms are in accordance with the INTERNATIONAL

CODE OF NOMENCLATURE FOR ALGAE, FUNGI, AND PLANTS (McNeill et al. 2012).

Herbarium abbreviations follow Thiers (2013). The taxa are presented in alphabetical

order. Taxonomic remarks are based on recent European Lactarius monographs (Bon

1980, Korhonen 1984, Heilmann-Clausen et al. 1998, Basso 1999, Kalamees 2011).

Results & discussions

Lactarius albocremeus Z. Schaef., Ceska Mykologie 12: 211, 1958.

LATIN DIAGNOSIS/DESCRIPTION: Ceska Mykologie 12: 211, 1958.

DETAILED CZECH DESCRIPTION: Ceska Mykologie 12: 208-209, 1958.

Ho.otyPeE — designated. Slovakia, Western Carpathians, NNE of Poprad, between the

villages of Spi8ska Bela and Lendak, site called ,,Blomwiesen’, in fen meadow, close to

Betula and Salix trees, alt. about 800 m, 11 Aug. 1957 leg. K. Kriz (BRNM 242123; see

also Antonin & Vagner 1999).

IsOTYPE — PRM 584029 (for details see Holec et al. 2014).

NOMENCLATURAL STATUS — valid, legitimate.

TAXONOMIC REMARKS — see Holec et al. (2014).

Lactarius chrysophyllus Z. Schaef., Ceska Mykologie 11: 52, 1957.

LATIN DIAGNOSIS/DESCRIPTION: Ceska Mykologie 11: 52-53, 1957.

DETAILED CZECH DESCRIPTION: Ceska Mykologie 11: 50-52, 1957.

Ho.LotyPe — not designated.

SYNTYPES — Czech Republic, Moravia, Kurim, on a slope Na piskach, on a grassy and

mossy soil in a Picea and Quercus forest, alt. 350 m, 12 Nov. 1945 leg. F. Smarda (BRNM

243022, as L. pyrogalus); Tisnov, in a Rovinky forest near Heroltice, on soil in Carpinus

forest, 15 July 1944 leg. F. Smarda (BRNM 243020, as L. pyrogalus).

NOMENCLATURAL STATUS — valid, legitimate.

TAXONOMIC REMARKS — Bon (1980) considered L. chrysophyllus a separate species

within sect. Glutinosi, subsect. Vietini, stirps Vietus. Basso (1999: 138, 143-144)

considered L. chrysophyllus a synonym of L. hysginus (Fr.) Fr.

Lactarius cookei Z. Schaef., Ceska Mykologie 14: 236, 1960.

LATIN DIAGNOSIS/DESCRIPTION: Ceska Mykologie 14: 236-237.

DETAILED CZECH DESCRIPTION: Ceska Mykologie 14: 230-232.

Ho.otyPeE — designated. Slovakia, Western Carpathians, E margin of High Tatra Mts.,

NNW of Kezmarok, close to the village of Lendak, pasture near a forest, under isolated

Picea abies trees, Tertiary flysh bedrock, alt. about 800 m, 11 Aug. 1957 leg. J. Kubicka

et K. Kriz. Nonexistent.

LATER COLLECTIONS IDENTIFIED BY SCHAEFER — CZECH REPUBLIC, Moravia,

Heralec near Svratka, autochthonous Picea forest (Abieto-Piceetum sphagnetum), 16 Sep.

1965 leg. F. Smarda (BRNM 242330).

Lactarius by Zdenék Schaefer in BRNM (Czech Republic) ... 193

NOMENCLATURAL STATUS — valid, legitimate.

TAXONOMIC REMARKS — species of unclear identity. Bon (1980) considered L. cookei

a good species of sect. Plinthogali, subsect. Ruginosi (together with L. pterosporus

Romagn., L. subruginosus J. Blum ex Bon, L. ruginosus Romagn., and L. terenopus

Romagn.). For a brief discussion see Basso (1999: 689-690), who compared the

species with L. picinus Fr. and L. romagnesii Bon.

Lactarius cupricolor Z. Schaef., Ceska Mykologie 20: 158, 1966.

LATIN DIAGNOSIS/DESCRIPTION: Ceska Mykologie 20: 158, 1966.

DETAILED CZECH DESCRIPTION: Ceska Mykologie 20: 154-156, 1966.

DETAILED GERMAN DESCRIPTION: Ceska Mykologie 20: 156-157, 1966.

Ho.LotyPe — designated (PRM 584026; see Holec et al. 2014).

ParaTyPES — Czech Republic, central Bohemia, Praha, Divoka Sarka, Quercus forest, 7

Sep. 1937 leg. J. Herink (BRNM 325878); Moravia, Liptvka near Brno, Dubova hora hill,

alt. 570 m, herb-rich Fagus forest, 14 Aug. 1961 leg. F. Smarda (BRNM 242353; the date

14 Aug. 1960 was published by Schaefer as it was originally written on the herbarium

label; however, later it was corrected to 1961 by Smarda). There are two other paratypes

in PRM (Holec et al. 2014).

LATER COLLECTIONS IDENTIFIED BY SCHAEFER — CZECH REPUBLIC, Moravia,

Litencické vrchy Mts., Kunkovice, Kunkovicky les forest, alt. c. 280 m, under Carpinus

in a Quercus, Carpinus, Tilia, and Betula stand, 6 Sep. 1968 leg. K. Kriz (BRNM 686362);

Lelekovice, Babi lom forest, a place called Lichy, 29 June 1952 leg. F Smarda (BRNM

242354); Kutim, Cebinka hill, Quercus-Carpinus forest, 20 June 1951 leg. F. Smarda

(BRNM 242351); Zdanicky les hills, Zdanice, a place called U slepice, herb-poor Fagus

forest (Fagetum pauper), 11 Sep. 1966 leg F. Smarda et al. (BRNM 243031).

NOMENCLATURAL STATUS — valid, legitimate.

TAXONOMIC REMARKS — species of unclear identity. Bon (1980) considered

L. cupricolor a separate species of sect. Glutinosi, subsect. Vietini, stirps

Glutinopallens. Basso (1999: 131-132) placed it under L. vietus (Fr.) Fr. but also

compared it with L. pallidus Pers.

Lactarius hortensis var. olivaceus Z. Schaef., Ceska Mykologie 26: 143, 1972.

LATIN DIAGNOSIS BY SCHAEFER: Ceska Mykologie 26: 143.

ORIGINAL CZECH DIAGNOsIs: Ceska Mykologie 26: 143.

HoLotype — designated. Czech Republic, Moravia, N of Brno, Kufim, in a garden

under Corylus avellana, 25 Aug. 1968, leg. K. Kriz (BRNM). [The label of BRNM 243701

agrees with the protologue designation in every detail except the collector's name, which

is given as H. Valis. Despite this discrepancy, BRNM 243701 is almost certainly the

holotype. ]

NOMENCLATURAL STATUS — valid, legitimate.

TAXONOMIC REMARKS — Schaefer (1972) considered L. hortensis Velen. a very

variable species. His var. olivaceus represents a taxon with an olivaceous tinged

pileus, soon brightly yellow or orange lamellae, and growing on acid substrates.

194 ... Antonin & Holec

Bon (1980) considered it a separate taxon, which he erroneously cited as “var.

olivascens.” Basso (1999: 117, 123) considered it synonymous with L. pyrogalus

(Bull.) Fr.

Lactarius hortensis var. tephroleucus Z. Schaef., Ceska Mykologie 26: 143, 1972.

LATIN DIAGNOSIS BY SCHAEFER: Ceska Mykologie 26: 143.

ORIGINAL CZECH DIAGNOsIs: Ceska Mykologie 26: 143.

HoLotyPe — designated. Czech Republic, Moravia, Veverska Bityska, in stand of

Corylus avellana, 19 Aug. 1957 leg. K. Kriz et Z. Schaefer (BRNM). [Although Schaefer

(1972) stated that the specimen was preserved in BRNM, it was not found there.]

NOMENCLATURAL STATUS — valid, legitimate.

TAXONOMIC REMARKS — According to Schaefer (1972), this variety represents

a small fungus with an opaque, variably grey coloured pileus, broad lamellae,

an incarnate-ferrugineous tinged stipe cuticle, and rather narrow stipe growing

under Corylus avellana on basic substrates in rather warm conditions. Bon (1980)

mentioned it only in brackets as a small thermophilic calcicolous variety. Basso

(1999: 117, 123) considered it synonymous with L. pyrogalus.

Lactarius pearsonii Z. Schaef., Ceska Mykologie 22: 19, 1968.

= Lactarius mairei var. zonatus A. Pearson, Naturalist, London: 100, 1950.

LATIN DESCRIPTION: Ceska Mykologie 22: 19, 1968.

CzECH piscusston: Ceska Mykologie 22: 17, 1968. Detailed Czech description cited by

Schaefer (1968: 17) was published by Pouzar (1954: 40-41, as “L. aurantiacoochraceus”).

Ho.otype — designated (PRM 193531; see Holec et al. 2014).

OTHER ORIGINAL MATERIALS (all identified as L. pearsonii but cited only by locality

names in the protologue) — CZECH REPUBLIC, Moravia, Brno, Hady, in a

broadleaved forest (Quercus, Carpinus betulus), 19 Aug. 1972 leg. A. Vagner (BRNM

686364); Brno, Hady, under Quercus in a broadleaved forest, 6 Aug. 1972 leg. A. Vagner

(BRNM 686363); Dolni Véstonice, Dévicky, alt. 320 m, an Quercus-Carpinus forest with

intermixed Fraxinus and Tilia (Querceto-Carpinetum fraxino-tillietosum), 9 July 1963

leg. F. Smarda (BRNM 242932); Stary Poddvorov near Hodonin, Horni Kapansko forest,

alt. 250 m, thermophilic Quercus forest (Querceto-Potentilletum albae), 24 June 1962 leg.

K. Koncerova (BRNM 242933). [Although, the determiner is not noted for the last three

specimens, the fungus name is written in Schaefer's handwriting.] There are two more

collections in PRM (Holec et al. 2014).

NOMENCLATURAL STATUS — valid, legitimate.

TAXONOMIC REMARKS — Bon (1980) mentioned L. pearsonii as a synonym of L. mairei

var. zonatus. For a synopsis of other published discussions and revisions that show

L. pearsonii as synonymous with L. mairei Malencgon, see Holec et al. (2014).

Lactarius pinicola Smotl. ex Z. Schaef., Schweizerische Zeitschrift fiir Pilzkunde 48:

141, 1970.

“Lactarius deliciosus var. pinicola” Smotlacha, Atlas hub jedlych a nejedlych [Atlas

of edible and inedible fungi]: 219, 1947, nom. inval. [no Latin description].

Lactarius by Zdenék Schaefer in BRNM (Czech Republic) ... 195

LATIN DIAGNOSIS: Schaefer (1970: 141-142).

GERMAN DISCUSSION: Schaefer (1970: 139-142).

Ho.LotyPe — designated (PRM 584024; see Holec et al. 2014).

OTHER COLLECTIONS IDENTIFIED BY SCHAEFER — CZECH REPUBLIC, Moravia,

Kuiim, Bélé forest, Quercus forest, alt. 320 m, 31 Aug. 1960 leg. et det. F. Smarda as

L. salmonicolor, rev. Z. Schaefer (BRNM 326197); in mosses (Hypnum schreberi) in

mixed forest (Picea, Quercus, Betula), 13 Oct. 1953 leg. J. Herink et F Smarda, det.

J. Herink as L. subsalmoneus, rev. Z. Schaefer (BRNM 326196); Hluk, Kobyli hlava steppe

slope, Betula, Quercus, admixed Pinus, Sep. 1969 leg. J. Hubacek (BRNM 326198);

Kurim, Siberna forest, alt. 350 m, thermophilic Quercus forest with Potentilla alba

(Querceto-Potentilletum albae), 6 Aug. 1961 leg. FE. Smarda (BRNM 242948, 242951);

Quercus forest with Pinus sylvestris, 18 Aug. 1964 leg. F. Smarda (BRNM 242949);

Zdanicky les hills, Zdravé Voda near ZaroSice, Lisov forest, Quercus-Carpinus forest

with Poa nemoralis (Querceto-Carpinetum poetosum nemoralis), alt. 350 m, 4 Sep. 1963

leg. F Smarda (BRNM 242950). [In the last four specimens, the determiner is not stated;

however, the fungus name is written in Schaefer’s handwriting. |

NOMENCLATURAL STATUS — valid, legitimate.

TAXONOMIC REMARKS — synonymous with L. deliciosus (L.) Gray (for synopsis of

published discussions and revisions, see Holec et al. 2014).

Lactarius pyrogalus var. polyzonus (Velen.) Z. Schaef., Ceska Mykologie 26: 144,

L972.

= Lactarius polyzonus Velen., Ceské houby [Czech fungi], part 1: 163, 1920.

LATIN DIAGNosIs: Ceska Mykologie 26: 144.

CZECH DIscussION: Ceska Mykologie 26: 144.

HoLotyPEe — designated. Czech Republic, Praha-Radotin, near the village of Kosoi,

thermophilous grove composed of deciduous trees, Aug. 1918 (Velenovsky 1920: 163).

Nonexistent (Holec & Sukova 2007).

NEOTYPE — Czech Republic, southern Moravia, near the village of Dolni Véstonice,

Palava (= Pavlovské vrchy) hills, near the castle ruins of Dévicky, Acer-Fraxinus forest,

19 Aug. 1955 leg. F. Smarda et Z. Schaefer (BRNM), designated by Schaefer (1972: 144).

[The specimen BRNM 242310, labelled by Schaefer as “L. carpinetorum = L. circellatus’,

probably represents the neotype as it is the only BRNM specimen from this Lactarius

group that agrees with Schaefer’s neotype designation. ]

NOMENCLATURAL STATUS — valid, legitimate.

TAXONOMIC REMARKS — taxonomic value of this variety is unclear. Bon (1980)

included it as a separate taxon in his key, while Basso (1999: 123-124) discussed

it under L. pyrogalus.

Lactarius pyrogalus var. umbrosus Z. Schaef., Ceska Mykologie 26: 145, 1972.

CZECH AND LATIN DIAGNOSES: Ceska Mykologie 26: 145, 1972.

HoLotyPe — designated (for details see Holec et al. 2014). Nonexistent, probably

discarded by Schaefer's family.

196 ... Antonin & Holec

OTHER COLLECTIONS IDENTIFIED BY SCHAEFER — CZECH REPUBLIC, Moravia,

Zdanicky les hills, Zdrava Voda near Zaroéice, forest with dominating Carpinus, mixed

with Tilia and Quercus (Querceto-Carpinetum caricetosum pilosae), alt. 390 m, 22 Aug.

1961 leg. FE Smarda, det. Z. Schaefer as L. adscitus (BRNM 325705). Schaefer (1972)

mentioned the identity of L. pyrogalus var. umbrosus with L. adscitus. Therefore, the

specimen certainly represents his new variety.

NOMENCLATURAL STATUS — valid, legitimate.

TAXONOMIC REMARKS — taxonomic value of this variety is unclear. Bon (1980)

cited it only in brackets, and Basso (1999: 124) discussed it under L. pyrogalus.

“Lactarius russuloides” Z. Schaef., Ceska Mykologie 12: 205, 1958, nom. inval.

LATIN DIAGNOSIS/DESCRIPTION: none.

DETAILED CZECH DESCRIPTION: Ceska Mykologie 12: 205-206, 1958.

HOoLotyPeE — not designated

OTHER ORIGINAL MATERIALS — CZECH REPUBLIC, Moravia, Tel¢, Hulistata forest,

in mosses and humus in Vaccinium myrtillus under Pinus, alt. c. 600 m, 23 Aug. 1957 leg.

Z. Schaefer (BRNM 242887, as L. musteus).

OTHER COLLECTIONS IDENTIFIED OR REVISED BY SCHAEFER — CZECH REPUBLIC,

Moravia, Rozdrojovice, mixed forest (Quercus, Pinus), 29 Oct. 1967 leg. K. Koncerova

(BRNM 326356).

NOMENCLATURAL STATUS — invalid: lacking Latin description or diagnosis and

holotype designation. For details see Holec et al. (2014).

TAXONOMIC REMARKS — Basso (1999: 171, 175) considered “L. russuloides”

synonymous with L. musteus Fr.

Lactarius subtomentosus Z. Schaef., Ceska Mykologie 14: 237, 1960, nom. illegit.,

non Berk. & Ravenel 1859.

LATIN DIAGNOSIS/DESCRIPTION: Ceska Mykologie 14: 237.

DETAILED CZECH DESCRIPTION: Ceska Mykologie 14: 235-236.

Ho.otyPe — designated. Slovakia, central Slovakia, Zvolen district, Slia¢ spa, pasture at

margin of a Picea abies forest, 23 Nov. 1958 leg. K. Kriz. [According to Schaefer (1960), it

was preserved in herbarium “Fungi Moravici Brno” which is most probably the personal

herbarium of Frantisek Smarda, later transferred to BRNM. However, the collection was

not found in BRNM.|

NOMENCLATURAL Status — valid, illegitimate (a later homonym of L. subtomentosus

Berk. & Ravenel 1859; and superfluous [synonymised with L. tomentosus Cooke 1883]).

TAXONOMIC REMARKS — Schaefer (1960) himself stated that his new species was

synonymous with “Lactarius tomentosus sensu Cooke.” However, as L. tomentosus

Cooke is accepted as a legitimate name (a nom. nov. based on the illegitimate

Agaricus tomentosus J. Otto), L. subtomentosus is a superfluous name and

therefore illegitimate (ICN Art. 52.2(e)).

Bon considered L. subtomentosus Z. Schaef. synonymous with L. tomentosus

Cooke. Basso (1999: 474) discussed the species under L. helvus (Fr.) Fr.

Lactarius by Zdenék Schaefer in BRNM (Czech Republic) ... 197

Lactarius syringinus Z. Schaef., Ceska Mykologie 10: 171, 1956.

LATIN DIAGNOSIS/DESCRIPTION: Ceska Mykologie 10: 171-172, 1956.

DETAILED CZECH DESCRIPTION: Ceska Mykologie 10: 168-171, 1956.

Ho.Lotype — designated. Currently nonexistent, probably not preserved by Schaefer

(for details see Holec et al. 2014).

OTHER COLLECTIONS IDENTIFIED BY SCHAEFER — CZECH REPUBLIC, EASTERN

BoueEMIA, Teleci, 27 Sep. 1963 leg. E. Horni¢ek (BRNM 243323). [The determiner is

not stated on the label; however, the fungus name is written in Schaefer’s handwriting. ]

NOMENCLATURAL STATUS — valid, legitimate.

TAXONOMIC REMARKS — Bon (1980) mentioned it only in brackets together with

L. vietus. For a synopsis of other published discussions and revisions that show

that L. syringinus is either a good species or, more probably, a synonym of

L. vietus, see Holec et al. (2014).

Lactarius tatrorum Z. Schaef., Ceska Mykologie 12: 211, 1958.

LATIN DIAGNOSIS/DESCRIPTION: Ceska Mykologie 12: 211-212.

DETAILED CZECH DESCRIPTION: Ceska Mykologie 12: 209-210.

HoLotyPe — designated. Slovakia, Western Carpathians, High Tatra Mts.: Belanské

Tatry group, E slope of Mt. Bujaci, under Salix reticulata, Pinus mugo, Dryas octopetala,

and Carex tatrorum, on calcareous bedrock, alt. 1800-1940 m, 14 Aug. 1957 leg.

J. Kubicka et K. Kriz (BRNM 243369).

NOMENCLATURAL STATUS — valid, legitimate.

TAXONOMIC REMARKS — synonymous with Lactarius nanus J. Favre (Basso 1999:

144, 148).

Conclusions

The inventory of BRNM voucher specimens of Lactarius taxa described by

Schaefer showed that eight nomenclaturally important collections are extant

(three holotypes, two paratypes, two syntypes, one neotype) together with five

other original collections. They should be studied by morphological-anatomic

and molecular methods, as some may represent good species, and all provide

a good basis for future revisions and typifications by Lactarius monographers.

Acknowledgements

We thank the reviewers, Annemieke Verbeken (Ghent University, Gent, Belgium)

and Maria Teresa Basso (Alassio, Italy) for their valuable advices, and Shaun Pennycook

(Auckland, New Zealand) for very valuable remarks. The studies of V. Antonin were

realized by the support provided to the Moravian Museum by the Ministry of Culture

of the Czech Republic as part of its long-term conceptual development programme for

research institutions (DKRVO, ref. MK000094862). The work by J. Holec was financially

supported by the Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic (DKRVO 2013/06, National

Museum, 00023272).

198 ... Antonin & Holec

Literature cited

Antonin V, Vagner A. 1999. Type specimens of fungi preserved in the herbarium of the Moravian

Museum in Brno, Czech Republic (BRNM). Czech Mycology 52: 51-68.

Basso MT. 1999. Lactarius Pers. Fungi Europaei 7, Alassio, Mykoflora.

Bon M. 1980. Cle monographique du genre Lactarius (Pers. ex Fr.) S.E Gray. Documents

Mycologiques 10(40): 1-85.

Heilmann-Clausen J, Verbeken A, Vesterholt J. 1998. The genus Lactarius. Fungi of Northern

Europe 2, Denmark, Svampetryk.

Holec J, Sukova M. 2007. New fungal taxa described by Josef Velenovsky.

http://forum.nm.cz/houby/index.php [accessed April 2013].

Holec J, Pesicova K, Edrova L. 2014 [“2013”]. Lactarius taxa by Zdenék Schaefer - types and other

collections in PRM. Mycotaxon 126: 157-166. http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/126.157.

Kalamees K. 2011. Riisikad [The genus Lactarius in Estonia]. Tartu, Tartu Ulikooli Loodusmuuseum.

Korhonen M. 1984. Suomen rouskut. Helsinki, Helsingissa kustannusosakeyhti6 Otava.

McNeill J, Barrie FR, Buck WR, Demoulin V, Greuter W, Hawksworth DL, Herendeen PS, Knapp

S, Marhold K, Prado J, Prud@homme van Reine WE, Smith GF, Wiersema JH, Turland N (eds.)

2012. International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Melbourne Code),

adopted by the Eighteenth International Botanical Congress Melbourne, Australia, July 2011.

Regnum Vegetabile 154, Konigstein, Koeltz Scientific Books.

Schaefer Z. 1970. Beitrag zum Studium der Milchlinge, Sektion Dapetes. Schweizerische Zeitschrift

fiir Pilzkunde 48: 105-106, 138-143.

Schaefer Z. 1972. Skupina Lactarius pyrogalus (Bull. ex Fr.) Fr., stirps Pyrogalus [The group of

Lactarius pyrogalus (Bull. ex Fr.) Fr., stirps Pyrogalus]. Ceska Mykologie 26: 141-148 [in Czech

with Latin diagnoses and German summary].

Thiers B. 2013 [continuously updated]. Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public

herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden's Virtual Herbarium.

http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/ [accessed May 2013].

Velenovsky J. 1920. Ceské houby [Czech fungi], part 1. Praha, Ceska botanicka spolecnost [in

Czech].

MY COTAXON

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/127.199

Volume 127, pp. 199-205 January-March 2014

Lembosia bezerrae, a new asterinaceous fungus

associated with a terrestrial orchid from Bahia, Brazil

ANDRE L. FIRMINO & OLINTO L. PEREIRA*

Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Vic¢osa,

Vicgosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-000, Brazil

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: oliparini@ufv.br

ABSTRACT — A new species of Lembosia was found associated with living leaves of Sobralia

liliastrum (Orchidaceae) in a stretch of Atlantic Forest in Serra da Jibdia, Bahia, Brazil.

This species is fully described, illustrated, discussed, and compared with allied species on

Orchidaceae.

Key worps — Dothideomycetes, Asterinales, foliicolous fungi, taxonomy, tropical fungi

Introduction

Sobralia Ruiz & Pav. is a large genus in the Orchidaceae with about 150 species

distributed throughout Mexico, Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil. Sobralia species are

usually terrestrial and herbaceous (Szlachetko et al. 2009). Plants of S. liliastrum

with a black fungus covering portions of their living leaves were observed in a

stretch of Atlantic Forest in Serra da Jibdia, Bahia, Brazil. This orchid species

has potential for cultivation and marketing due its beautiful white flowers with

yellow lobes (PLATE 1). Although observed only on plants in nature, the black

fungus could become a potentially serious problem for orchid growers, because

superficial black fungal colonies covering portions of the foliage decrease the

aesthetic value of ornamental plants (Pereira et al. 2006) and there are no

registered chemical products to control fungi on orchids (Silva et al. 2008;

Silva & Pereira 2008; Lopes et al. 2009). Examination of the collected samples

indicated that the black colonies belonged to Lembosia, a genus proposed by

Léveillé in 1845 with L. tenella Lév. as its type. This genus is characterized

by a linear or Y-shaped hysterothecium opening with a longitudinal slit and

adherence to its host using superficial hyphae with lateral hyphopodia (Song &

Hosagoudar 2003, Bezerra 2004). In this paper, we describe our collections as a

new Lembosia species on Orchidaceae.

200 ... Firmino & Pereira

Material & methods

Leaves covered with black colonies were collected, photographed, and dried in a

plant press. Small samples were examined under an Olympus SZ40 stereomicroscope;

the fungus was removed from dried leaf colonies and mounted in lactophenol and

Melzer’s reagent. Observations, measurements, and drawings were made with a Carl

Zeiss Standard W light microscope (Géttingen, Germany). The nail polish technique

was used to study colony morphology (Hosagoudar & Kapoor 1984). Photographs were

obtained on an Olympus BX51 microscope equipped with a digital camera (E-volt 330).

For scanning electron microscopy (SEM), air-dried material was directly mounted and

coated with a thin layer of gold using a sputter coater (Balzers® model FDU 010) for

2 min. Photographs were obtained using a Carl-Zeiss Model LEO VP 1430 scanning

electron microscope. Representative specimens of the fungi were deposited in the

herbarium of the Universidade Federal de Vicosa (Herbarium VIC).

Taxonomy

Lembosia bezerrae Firmino & O.L. Pereira, sp. nov. Prats 1c,2,3

MycoBAank 802270

Differs from Lembosia sertiferae by its straight hyphae, smaller and rounded hyphopodia,

larger hysterothecia, and smaller ascospores.

Type: Brazil, Bahia, Santa Terezinha, Serra da Jiboia, on living leaves of Sobralia liliastrum

Lindl. (Orchidaceae), 25 September. 2010, O. L. Pereira (VIC 31942, holotype).

ETyMmo_oecy: referring to the great Brazilian mycologist, Dr. José Luiz Bezerra.

CoLoniEs epiphyllous, irregular to circular, single to confluent, black. HYPHAE

straight to flexuous, branching, irregular, brown, septate, hyphal cells cylindrical,

4-5 um, smooth. HypHopopia few, entire, sessile, globose to pyriform,

straight to angular, unicellular, 4.5-5 x 4.5-5 um, brown, penetration peg in

middle part of hyphopodia cell. HysTEROTHECIA superficial, developed below

mycelium surface, mostly linear, rarely Y-shaped, single, fringed at margins,

521.5-1853 x 85-109 um diam., dark brown to blackish, open by longitudinal

fissures. SCUTELLUM radiate, composed of isodiametric to cylindrical cells,

straight. Asci saccate to ovoid, bitunicate, 8-spored, 27.5-34 x 12-17.5 um,

hyaline. PAaRAPHYSEs hyaline, filiform and unbranched. Ascosporss fusiform,

2-celled, constricted at the septum, hyaline when immature, becoming brown

at maturity, smooth, 14-16 x 4-5 um. ANAMORPH absent.

COMMENTS — Four species of Lembosia (TABLE 1) have been reported

previously in association with orchidaceous hosts (Song & Hosagoudar

2003; Silva & Pereira 2008). Of these, only Lembosia epidendri Meir. Silva &

O.L. Pereira is known from Brazil (Silva & Pereira 2008).

Lembosia bezerrae is similar to L. sertiferae Syd., L. dendrochili Lév., and

L. epidendri. However, L. sertiferae differs by its reticulately branched hyphae,

larger and lobately incised hyphopodia, smaller hysterothecia, and larger

Lembosia bezerrae sp. nov. (Brazil) ... 201

PiaTE 1. Sobralia liliastrum. A: White flowers with yellow lobe. B: Infected plant in the field.

C: Symptoms on naturally infected plant.

202 ... Firmino & Pereira

PLATE 2. Lembosia bezerrae (holotype, VIC 31942).

A: Cross section of a hysterothecium. B: Surface mycelium with hyphopodia.

C: Fissitunicate ascus. D: Bitunicate ascus with mature ascospores.

E: Brown, smooth, fusiform ascospores. Scale bars: A = 20 um; B,C,D,E = 10 um.

Lembosia bezerrae sp. nov. (Brazil) ... 203

PLATE 3. Lembosia bezerrae (holotype, VIC 31942). A: Part of a colony with open

hysterothecia and surface mycelium. B: Cross section of a hysterothecium. C: Linear

hysterothecium. D: Y-shaped hysterothecium. E: Sessile, globose, straight to angular,

unicellular hyphopodium. F: Agglomerate and parallel asci. G: Bitunicate ascus with

hyaline ascospores. H: Brown, smooth, fusiform ascospores. Scale bars: A = 200 um;

B,F = 20 um; C,D = 100 um; E=5 um; G,H = 10 um.

204 ... Firmino & Pereira

TABLE 1. Biometric data (um) of Lembosia species on Orchidaceae.

SPECIES HYPHAE HyYPHOPODIA HYSTEROTHECIA ASCI ASCOSPORES

L. bezerrae 4-5 4.5-5 520-1850 x 27.5-34 x 14-16 x

85-110 12-17.5 4-5

L. rolfsii — — 360-1000 x 20-40 x 10-16 x

160 8-15 4-5

L. sertiferae 3-4 6-8 300-800 x 35-42 x 16-18 x

160-220 20-24 6-7

L.dendrochili 3-4 6-7 400-650 x 45 x 16-19 x

120-160 28 7-8

L. epidendri <3 6-9.5 320-580 x 28-63 x 16-22 x

135-250 16-25 6-9.5

ascospores (Sydow 1939); L. dendrochili differs by its smaller hysterothecia and

hyphae, and larger hyphopodia and ascospores (Léveillé 1845); and L. epidendri

differs by its smaller hysterothecia, asci, and hyphae and larger hyphopodia and

ascospores (Silva & Pereira 2008).

Although Lembosia rolfsii W.T. Horne is morphologically close to L. bezerrae,

it probably is better placed in Maheshwaramyces Hosag. due to the presence of

subcuticular mycelium and conidia on superficial mycelium (Hosagoudar et

al. 2009, Horne 1905). Lembosia bezerrae is the first member of the Asterinales

reported on the orchid genus Sobralia.

Acknowledgments

The authors wish to thank Drs. Roger Shivas (Herbarium BRIP, Australia) and

Dartanha J. Soares (EMBRAPA Algodao, Brasil), for reviewing the manuscript.

This work is part of an ongoing program to survey and describe the biodiversity of

the Brazilian semi-arid regions (PPBIO/Semiarido), which is supported by grants of

CNPq/MCTI (number 558317/2009-0). The authors also acknowledge the Nucleo de

Microscopia e Microanalise of the Universidade Federal de Vicosa for the use of its

facilities and wish to thank Karla Ribeiro for technical support.

Literature cited

Bezerra JL. 2004. Taxonomia de ascomicetos: revisio da ordem Asterinales. Revisto Anual de

Patologia de Plantas 12: 91-115.

Horne WT. 1905. A new species of Lembosia. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 32: 69-71.

http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2478507

Hosagoudar VB, Kapoor JN. 1984. New technique of mounting meliolaceous fungi. Indian

Phytopathology 38: 548-549.

Hosagoudar VB, Archana GR, Dan M. 2009. Maheshwaramyces, a new genus of the family

Lembosiaceae. Indian Journal of Science and Technology 2(6): 12-13.

Léveillé JH. 1845. Champignons exotiques. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Botanique, 3e Sér.,

3:38—71.

Lembosia bezerrae sp. nov. (Brazil) ... 205

Lopes UP, Zambolim L, Pereira OL. 2009. First report of Lasiodiplodia theobromae causing leaf

blight on the orchid Catasetum fimbriatum in Brazil. Australasian Plant Disease Notes 4: 64—65.

Pereira OL, Soares DJ, Barreto RW. 2006. First report of Asteridiella pittieri on golden dewdrop

(Duranta repens var. aurea) in Brazil. Australasian Plant Disease Notes 1: 17-18.

Silva M, Pereira OL. 2008. Black mildew disease of the neotropical orchid Epidendrum secundum

caused by Lembosia epidendri sp. nov. from Minas Gerais, Brazil. Mycotaxon 104: 385-390.

Silva M, Pereira OL, Braga IF, Lelis SM. 2008. Leaf and pseudobulb diseases on Bifrenaria

harrisoniae (Orchidaceae) caused by Phyllosticta capitalensis in Brazil. Australasian Plant

Disease Notes 3: 53-56.

Song B, Hosagoudar VB. 2003. A list of Lembosia species based on the literature. Guizhou Science

rate haa kN

Sydow H. 1939. Fungi Aequatorienses (series prima). Annales Mycologici 37(4—5): 275-438.

Szlachetko DL, Dudek M, Gorniak M, Mytnik-Ejsmont J, Fernandez R. 2009. Sobralia abadorum

(Orchidaceae) - a new orchid species from Peru. Biodiversity: Research and Conservation 15:

3-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10119-009-0018-y

MY COTAXON

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/127.207

Volume 127, pp. 207-212 January-March 2014

A new species of Pseudospiropes and

new Cordana and Sporidesmiopsis records from China

L1-Guo Ma, JI-WEN X1A, YING-RuI Ma, & X1IU-GUO ZHANG

Department of Plant Pathology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China

*CORRESPONDENCE TO: zhxg@sdau.edu.cn, sdau613@163.com

ABSTRACT — Pseudospiropes xishuangbannicus sp. nov. from dead branches of

Tsoongiodendron odorum is described and illustrated. Cordana lithuanica and Sporidesmiopsis

dennisii are recorded for the first time from China. These species were collected from tropical

forests in Hainan and Yunnan Provinces, China.

KEY worDs — anamorphic fungi, taxonomy

Introduction

Pseudospiropes was erected by Ellis (1971) with P nodosus (Wallr.) M.B.

Ellis as type. Subsequently Castaneda et al. (2001) reviewed and segregated

three genera from this genus, including Minimelanolocus R.F. Castafeda &

Heredia, Nigrolentilocus R.F. Castafeda & Heredia, and Matsushimiella R.F.

Castaheda & Heredia. Pseudospiropes is currently distinguished by polyblastic,

terminal and intercalary, sympodial conidiogenous cells with enlarged

thickened protuberant melanized conidiogenous loci producing solitary

acropleurogenous distoseptate conidia.

Numerous fungi collected in tropical and subtropical forests of southern

China have recently been reported (Zhang et al. 2009, 2012; Ma et al. 201 1a,

2012; Ren et al. 2012). In our ongoing study of anamorphic fungi on dead wood,

we found a new Pseudospiropes species and two new records for China. These

three species are described and illustrated, and the new species is compared

with similar species. The specimens are deposited in HSAUP (Herbarium of

the Department of Plant Pathology, Shandong Agricultural University) and

HMAS (Mycological Herbarium, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy

of Sciences).

208 ... Ma & al.

Taxonomy

Pseudospiropes xishuangbannicus L.G. Ma & X.G. Zhang, sp. nov. FIG. 1

MycoBank MB808630

Differs from Pseudospiropes linderae by its larger, elongated ellipsoidal conidia with

more septa. ae

Type: China, Yunnan Province: the National Natural Reserve of Xishuangbanna, on

dead branches of Tsoongiodendron odorum Chun (Magnoliaceae), 28 Oct. 2011, L.G. Ma

(holotype, HSAUP H2092; isotype HMAS 243438).

EryMo.oey: xishuangbannicus, refers to the type locality.

Colonies on natural substratum effuse, brown, hairy. Mycelium superficial

and immersed, with branched, septate, pale brown, smooth hyphae, 1-2

uum wide. Conidiophores distinct, single, erect, unbranched, straight or

flexuous, smooth, brown to dark brown, paler toward the apex, 6-12-septate,

80-140 um long, 4-5 um wide. Conidiogenous cells holoblastic, polyblastic,

Fic. 1. Pseudospiropes xishuangbannicus (Holotype, HSAUP H2092).

A. Conidiophores and conidia. B. Conidiophores with conidiogenous cells. C. Conidia.

Pseudospiropes xishuangbannicus sp. nov. (China) ... 209

indeterminate, terminal becoming intercalary, pale brown, integrated, always

with sympodial proliferations. Conidiogenous loci enlarged, thickened,

protuberant and dark, lenticular. Conidial secession schizolytic. Conidia

solitary, dry, acropleurogenous, simple, elongated ellipsoidal, brown, smooth,

4-distoseptate, 25-32 x 10-12 um, 0.5-1.5 um at the narrowly truncate base.

Pseudospiropes xishuangbannicus is most similar to P. linderae Jian Ma et al.

in conidial shape. However, the conidia of P linderae are smaller and have fewer

septa (14-17 x 5.5-6.5 um, 3-distoseptate; Ma et al. 2011b).

G 9

20um 20um

Fic. 2. Cordana lithuanica.

A. Conidiophores and conidiogenous cells. B. Conidia.

Cordana lithuanica Markovsk., Mycotaxon 87: 181, 2003. FIG. 2

Colonies on natural substratum brown, effuse. Mycelium mostly immersed

and comprising branched, septate, subhyaline to pale brown, smooth hyphae.

210 ... Ma & al.

Conidiophores distinct, single, erect, cylindrical, straight to flexuous,

unbranched, extending apically 1-3 times, 80-210 um long, 3.5-6 um

wide near the base, 3-5 um wide at the apex, with terminal and intercalary

swellings, septate, smooth, thick-walled, brown to dark brown, paler toward

the apex. Conidiogenous cells polyblastic, integrated, sympodial, terminal and

intercalary, brown, thick-walled, smooth, denticulate; denticles cylindrical,

flat-topped. Conidia solitary, acropleurogenous, simple, obpyriform, 8.5-11 x

5-6.7 um, medianly 1-septate, constricted at the septum, smooth, thick-walled,

brown, rounded at the apex, with a protuberant hilum at the base, basal cell

wider than apical cell.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: CHINA, HAINAN PROVINCE: Bawangling National Natural

Reserve, on dead branches of Helicia pyrrhobotrya Kurz (Proteaceae), 26 Nov. 2010, L.G.

Ma (HSAUP H1874, HMAS 243413).

The Chinese specimen is similar to the original Lithuanian specimens

(Markovskaja 2003), except that the Lithuanian material has much larger

conidia (13-17.5 x 8-10 um) and wider conidiophores (10-12 um). This is the

first record of C. lithuanica from China.

Sporidesmiopsis dennisii (J.L. Crane & Dumont) Bhat, W.B. Kendrick & Nag Raj,

Mycotaxon 49: 71, 1993. Fic. 3

= Brachysporiella dennisii J.L. Crane & Dumont, Can. J. Bot. 56: 2613, 1978.

Colonies effuse, brown. Mycelium immersed and superficial, of branched,

septate, brown, smooth hyphae. Conidiophores erect, distinct, single, straight

or flexuous, septate, dark brown, smooth, thick-walled, with several branches

near the apex, 250-620 x 13-18 um. Branches short, dark brown, smooth,

thick-walled, septate. Conidiogenous cells terminal and integrated on the

branches, cylindrical, monoblastic, percurrent, dark brown, smooth, thick-

walled. Conidia obclavate, straight or curved, dark brown becoming brown to

subhyaline at the apex, 10-17-septate, smooth, thick-walled, truncate at base,

sometimes rostrate, 78-122 x 12-18 um.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: CHINA, YUNNAN PROVINCE: Forbidden Forest of Banna, on

dead branches of Pistacia chinensis Bunge (Anacardiaceae), 31 Oct. 2011, L.G. Ma

(HSAUP H2114, HMAS 243415).

The morphological characters of our specimen fit well with those of the type

material (Crane & Dumont 1978, as Brachysporiella dennisii). This is a first

record of S. dennisii from China.

Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to Dr. De- Wei Li and Dr. Bryce Kendrick for serving as pre-

submission reviewers and for their valuable comments and suggestions. This project

Pseudospiropes xishuangbannicus sp. nov. (China) ... 211

50m 20m | >On

Fic. 3. Sporidesmiopsis dennisii.

A, B. Branched conidiophores, conidiogenous cells, and conidia. C. Conidia.

A | B

was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 31093440,

31230001) and the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of

China (No. 2006FY120100).

Literature cited

Castafieda-Ruiz RF, Heredia G, Reyes M, Arias RM, Decock C. 2001. A revision of the genus

Pseudospiropes and some new taxa. Cryptog. Mycol. 22: 3-18.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0181-1584(01)01057-0

Crane JL, Dumont KP. 1978. Two new hyphomycetes from Venezuela. Can. J. Bot. 56: 2613-2616.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b78-313

Ellis MB. 1971. Dematiaceous hyphomycetes. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, Surrey,

England.

212 ... Ma &al.

Ma J, Wang Y, O’Neill NR, Zhang XG. 201la. A revision of the genus Lomaantha, with the

description of a new species. Mycologia 103: 407-410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3852/10-176

Ma J, Ma LG, Zhang YD, Castaneda-Ruiz RF, Zhang XG. 2011b. Pseudospiropes linderae sp. nov.

and notes on Minimelanolocus (both anamorphic Strossmayeria) new to China. Nova Hedwigia

93(3-4): 465-473. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0029-5035/2011/0093-0465

Ma LG, Ma J, Zhang YD, Zhang XG. 2012. Spadicoides camelliae and Diplococcium livistonae, two

new hyphomycetes on dead branches from Fujian Province, China. Mycoscience 53: 25-30.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10267-011-0138-z

Markovskaja S. 2003. A new species of Cordana from Lithuania. Mycotaxon 87: 179-185.

Ren SC, Ma J, Ma LG, Zhang YD, Zhang XG. 2012. Sativumoides and Cladosporiopsis, two new

genera of hyphomycetes from China. Mycol. Prog. 11: 443-448.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11557-011-0759-9

Zhang K, Ma LG, Zhang XG. 2009. New species and records of Shrungabeeja from southern China.

Mycologia 101: 573-578. http://dx.doi.org/10.3852/09-006

Zhang YD, Ma J, Ma LG, Zhang XG. 2012. Two new species of Taeniolina from southern China.

Mycol. Prog. 11: 71-74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11557-010-0729-7

MY COTAXON

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/127.213

Volume 127, pp. 213-219 January-March 2014

Three new species of Pleurophragmium

from Yunnan, China

L1-Guo Ma, JI-WEN X1A, YING-RuI Ma, & XIU-GUO ZHANG

Department of Plant Pathology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China

*CORRESPONDENCE TO: zhxg@sdau.edu.cn, sdau613@163.com

ABSTRACT — Three new species are described and illustrated: Pleurophragmium ellipsoideum

from dead branches of Bauhinia acuminata, P. yunnanense from dead branches of Machilus

salicina, and P. clavatum from dead branches of Beilschmiedia percoriacea. All three species

were collected from tropical forests in Yunnan Province, China.

KEY worps — anamorphic fungi, taxonomy

Introduction

Costantin (1888) established Pleurophragmium for a single species, P. bicolor

Costantin. The genus is characterized by well defined single unbranched

conidiophores with sympodial, terminal and intercalary, integrated,

polyblastic, denticulate conidiogenous cells with pointed denticles and solitary

apical and lateral conidia with pointed bases (Hughes 1958; Ellis 1971, 1976).

These characters separate Pleurophragmium from similar genera — Cordana

Preuss, Cacumisporium Preuss, Spiropes Cif., Pseudospiropes M.B. Ellis,

Minimelanolocus R.F. Castafieda & Heredia, and Dactylaria Sacc. More than 20

species have been accepted in Pleurophragmium.

Several mycological papers dealing with many new species from China have

been published recently (Zhang et al. 2009a,b, 2011, 2012; Liang et al. 2010,

2011; Dai 2011, 2012; Ma et al. 2011a,b, 2012). We collected three undescribed

species of Pleurophragmium in our study on conidial fungi on dead wood

from tropical forests in Yunnan Province, China. The specimens are deposited

in HSAUP (Herbarium of the Department of Plant Pathology, Shandong

Agricultural University) and HMAS (Mycological Herbarium, Institute of

Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences).

214 ... Ma &al.

Taxonomy

Pleurophragmium ellipsoideum L.G. Ma & X.G. Zhang, sp. nov. FIG. 1

MycoBank MB808631

Differs from Pleurophragmium miniumbonatum by its shorter and wider pale brown

conidia with rounded apices, from P. acutum by its larger pale brown conidia with more

septa, and from P obcampanuloides by its wider conidia with more septa.

Type: China, Yunnan Province: the Forbidden Forest of Banna, on dead branches of

Bauhinia acuminata L. (Caesalpiniaceae), 17 Oct. 2008, L.G. Ma (holotype HSAUP

H0042; isotype HMAS 243411).

EtryMo oy: in reference to the ellipsoid conidial shape.

0066000

20um

Fic. 1. Pleurophragmium ellipsoideum (holotype, HSAUP H0042).

a. Conidiophores and conidia. b. Conidiogenous cells with pointed denticles. c, d. Conidia.

Pleurophragmium spp nov. (China) ... 215

Colonies on natural substratum effuse, brown. Mycelium partly immersed

and partly superficial, composed of septate, branched, smooth, subhyaline

to pale brown hyphae. Conidiophores well defined, single, unbranched,

erect, straight or slightly flexuous, cylindrical, brown at the base, subhyaline

to pale brown towards the apex, smooth, septate, thick-walled, 150-260 um

long, 2.5-3.5 um wide at the apex, 3.5-6 um wide at the base. Conidiogenous

cells polyblastic, terminal and intercalary, integrated, sympodial, cylindrical,

denticulate, smooth, thick-walled, subhyaline to pale brown, with numerous

sharply pointed denticles towards the apex. Conidia solitary, apical and lateral,

ellipsoid to obovoid, thick-walled, rounded at the apex, tapered to a point at the

base, pale brown, smooth, 3-septate, 10-17 x 6.0-8.5 um.

Notes: Pleurophragmium ellipsoideum is similar to P miniumbonatum

(R.E Castaneda et al.) R.E Castafieda, P acutum (Grove) M.B. Ellis, and

P. obcampanuloides Matsush. in conidial shape. However, P miniumbonatum

can be easily distinguished from P ellipsoideum by its longer and narrower

versicolored conidia with umbonate apices (16-19 x 6-7 um; Heredia-Abarca

et al. 2007). Pleurophragmium acutum differs by its smaller hyaline 0-septate

conidia (6-12 x 2-3 um; Ellis 1976), while the conidia of P obcampanuloides

are 2-septate and narrower (10-18 x 5-7 um; Matsushima 1995).

Pleurophragmium yunnanense L.G. Ma & X.G. Zhang, sp. nov. FIG. 2

MycoBank MB808632

Differs from Pleurophragmium hippotrichoides by its smooth conidia with more septa

and from P. ellipsoideum by its broadly fusiform conidia with narrowed ends.

Type: China, Yunnan Province: the Forbidden Forest of Banna, on dead branches of

Machilus salicina Hance (Lauraceae), 18 Oct. 2008, L.G. Ma (holotype HSAUP H0086;

isotype HMAS 243412).

EryMo oy: in reference to the province where the taxon was found.

Colonies on natural substratum effuse, brown. Mycelium partly immersed

and partly superficial, composed of septate, branched, smooth, subhyaline to

pale brown hyphae. Conidiophores well defined, single, unbranched, erect,

straight or slightly flexuous, cylindrical, brown at the base, subhyaline to pale

brown towards the apex, smooth, septate, thick-walled, 185-270 um long,

2.5-3.3 um wide at the apex, 3.5-4.5 um wide at the base. Conidiogenous

cells polyblastic, terminal and intercalary, integrated, sympodial, cylindrical,

denticulate, smooth, thick-walled, subhyaline to pale brown, with numerous

sharply pointed denticles towards the apex. Conidia solitary, apical and lateral,

broadly fusiform, thick-walled, narrowed at the ends, tapered to a point at the

base, pale brown, smooth, (2)-3-septate, 10-15 x 6-7 um.

Notes: Pleurophragmium yunnanense resembles P. hippotrichoides (Corda)

M.B. Ellis in conidial shape, but P hippotrichoides differs by its 0-septate

216... Ma & al.

20um

C d

006999

20um

Fic. 2. Pleurophragmium yunnanense (holotype, HSAUP H0086).

a. Conidiophores and conidia. b. Conidiogenous cells with pointed denticles. c, d. Conidia.

verrucose conidia (Ellis 1976). Pleurophragmium ellipsoideum differs from

P. yunnanense by its ellipsoid to obovoid conidia with rounded apices (see

above).

Pleurophragmium clavatum L.G. Ma & X.G. Zhang, sp. nov. FIG. 3

MycoBank MB808633

Differs from Pleurophragmium tritici by its longer yellowish brown 0-septate conidia

and from P. acutum by its larger yellowish brown verrucose conidia.

Pleurophragmium spp nov. (China) ... 217

Type: China, Yunnan Province: the Forbidden Forest of Banna, on dead branches of

Beilschmiedia percoriacea C.K. Allen (Lauraceae), 31 Oct. 2011, L.G. Ma (holotype

HSAUP H2090; isotype HMAS 243416).

EryMo oy: in reference to the clavate conidial shape.

Colonies on natural substratum effuse, brown. Mycelium partly immersed and

partly superficial, composed of septate, branched, smooth, subhyaline to pale

brown hyphae. Conidiophores well defined, single, unbranched, erect, straight

or slightly flexuous, cylindrical, brown at the base, subhyaline to pale brown

10um

Fic. 3. Pleurophragmium clavatum (holotype, HSAUP H2090).

a. Conidiophores and conidiogenous cells. b. Conidia.

218 ... Ma &al.

towards the apex, smooth, septate, thick-walled, 75-160 um long, 3.3-4 um

wide. Conidiogenous cells polyblastic, terminal and intercalary, integrated,

sympodial, cylindrical, denticulate, smooth, thick-walled, subhyaline to pale

brown, with numerous sharply pointed denticles towards the apex. Conidia

solitary, apical and lateral, clavate to fusiform, thick-walled, narrowed at the

ends, tapered to a point at the base, yellowish brown, verrucose, 0-septate,

9.5-16.5 x 3.5-4.5 um.

Notes: Pleurophragmium clavatum is similar to P. tritici M.B. Ellis and P acutum

in conidial shape. However, P acutum can be separated by its smaller hyaline

smooth conidia (6-12 x 2-3 um; Ellis 1976) and P tritici by its shorter

subhyaline or straw-coloured 0-1-septate conidia (6-11 x 3-4 um; Ellis 1976).

Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to Dr. De-Wei Li and Dr. Bryce Kendrick for serving as pre-

submission reviewers and for their valuable comments and suggestions. This project

was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 31093440,

31230001) and the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of

China (No. 2006FY 120100).

Literature cited

Costantin J. 1888. Les mucédinées simples. Librairie Paul Klincksieck, Paris, France.

Dai YC. 2011. A revised checklist of corticioid and hydnoid fungi in China for 2010. Mycoscience

52: 69-79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10267-010-0068-1

Dai YC. 2012. Polypore diversity in China with an annotated checklist of Chinese polypores.

Mycoscience 53: 49-80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10267-011-0134-3

Ellis MB. 1971. Dematiaceous hyphomycetes. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, Surrey,

England.

Ellis MB. 1976. More dematiaceous hyphomycetes. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew,

Surrey, England.

Heredia-Abarca G, Castafieda-Ruiz RF, Arias RM, Saikawa M, Stadler M. 2007. Anamorphic fungi

from submerged plant material: Acumispora verruculosa, Pleurophragmium aquaticum, and

P. miniumbonatum. Mycotaxon 101: 89-97.

Hughes SJ. 1958. Revisiones hyphomycetum aliquot cum appendice de nominibus rejiciendis. Can.

J. Bot. 36: 727-836. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b58-067

Liang JF, Yang ZL, Xu J, Ge ZW. 2010. Two new unusual Leucoagaricus species (Agaricaceae) from

tropical China with blue-green staining reactions. Mycologia 102: 1141-1152.

http://dx.doi.org/10.3852/09-021

Liang JE. Yang ZL, Xu DP. 2011. A new species in Lepiota (Agaricaceae) from China. Mycologia

103: 820-830. http://dx.doi.org/10.3852/10-216

Ma J, Wang Y, O'Neill NR, Zhang XG. 2011a. A revision of the genus Lomaantha, with the

description of a new species. Mycologia 103: 407-410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3852/10-176

Ma J, Wang Y, Ma LG, Zhang YD, Castafieda-Ruiz RF, Zhang XG. 2011b. Three new species of

Neosporidesmium from Hainan, China. Mycol. Prog. 10: 157-162.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11557-010-0685-2

Pleurophragmium spp nov. (China) ... 219

Ma LG, Ma J, Zhang YD, Zhang XG. 2012. Spadicoides camelliae and Diplococcium livistonae, two

new hyphomycetes on dead branches from Fujian Province, China. Mycoscience 53: 25-30.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10267-011-0138-z

Matsushima T. 1995. Matsushima mycological memoirs 8. Published by the author, Kobe, Japan.

Zhang K, Ma LG, Zhang XG. 2009a. New species and records of Shrungabeeja from southern

China. Mycologia 101: 573-578. http://dx.doi.org/10.3852/09-006

Zhang K, Ma J, Wang Y, Zhang XG. 2009b. Three new species of Piricaudiopsis from southern

China. Mycologia 101: 417-422. http://dx.doi.org/10.3852/08-147

Zhang YD, Ma J, Wang Y, Ma LG, Castafieda-Ruiz RE, Zhang XG. 2011. New species and record of

Pseudoacrodictys from southern China. Mycol. Prog. 10: 261-265.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11557-010-0696-z

Zhang YD, Ma J, Ma LG, Zhang XG. 2012. Two new species of Taeniolina from southern China.

Mycol. Prog. 11: 71-74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11557-010-0729-7

MY COTAXON

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/127.221

Volume 127, pp. 221-226 January-March 2014

New taxa of the lichen genus Pertusaria from China

QIANG REN” & NA ZHAO

College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China

*CORRESPONDENCE TO: rendagiang@hotmail.com

ABSTRACT — ‘Three new species of Pertusaria from southwestern China are described,

differentiated by morphology, anatomy, and chemistry. Pertusaria wangii is characterized

by broad lecanorate verrucae, 8-spored asci, and production of norstictic acid. Pertusaria

hengduanensis is characterized by 1-spored asci, 3-5 apothecia per verruca, and production

of protocetraric acid. Pertusaria lijiangensis is characterized by 1-spored asci and the presence

of hypothamnolic and cryptothamnolic acids.

KEY worps — Ascomycota, Pertusariaceae, taxonomy

Introduction

Pertusaria DC. is a highly diverse and globally distributed genus of

microlichens. The apothecial structure, number of ascospores per ascus, spore

structure, and chemistry are diagnostic in identifying species within the genus

(Oshio 1968, Dibben 1980, Archer 1997, Schmitt & Lumbsch 2004). Although

new records and new species have been reported in recent years (Zhao et al

2004, Ren et al 2009, Ren 2013), species diversity in Pertusaria from China is

not yet determined with certainty. During a systematic survey of Pertusaria

species in southwestern China, some interesting specimens were found that are

proposed here as three new species.

Materials & methods

This report is based on specimens housed in SDNU (the Lichen Section of Botanical

Herbarium, Shandong Normal University), KUN (Herbarium, Kunming Institute of

Botany, CAS), and HMAS-L (the Lichen Section of Herbarium, Institute of Microbiology,

CAS). A stereo-microscope (Olympus SZ 51) and a compound microscope (Olympus

CX 21) were routinely used for the morphological and anatomical studies on all

materials. Color reactions (spot tests) were made using standard methods (Orange et

al. 2001). The chemical constituents were identified using thin layer chromatography

(TLC) (Culberson 1972) and gradient-elution high performance liquid chromatography

(HPLC) (Lumbsch 2002).

222 ... Ren & Zhao

New species

Pertusaria wangii Q. Ren, sp. nov. PLATE 1A

MycoBank MB 807130

Differs from Pertusaria submultipuncta by its having 8 ascospores per ascus.

Type: China. Yunnan province, Lushui County, on the roadside between Fugong and

Lushui Counties, 68 km north of Lushui county, alt. 2950 m, on dead twigs, 7 Jun. 1981,

X.Y. Wang, X. Xiao & J.J. Su 2718 (holotype, HMAS-L).

ErymMo.oey: the epithet “wangii” honours Professor Wang Li-Song (KUN), who has

collected specimens and described the lichen diversity in southwestern China.

THALLUS gray, moderately thick, epiphloedal, without a definite margin;

UPPER SURFACE initially tuberculate, later heavily rugose-plicate, generally

matt, fissured. SOREDIA AND ISIDIA absent. FERTILE VERRUCAE lecanorate,

concolorous with thallus, numerous, well dispersed or occasionally crowded

and rarely fused, 1-1.5 mm in diam.. Discs red, level or usually deeply sunken

(in older verrucae), white-pruinose, the verrucal margins thick, initially entire

and later ruptured forming a false secondary edge to the verrucae. APOTHECIA 1

per verruca, the fruit centre hyaline. EprrHecrum red-brown, K-. ASCOSPORES

8 per ascus, ellipsoid, often uniseriate, occasionally irregular, 13-20 x 5-8 um.

SPOT TESTS — K+ yellow to red, C-, KC-, P+ orange, UV-. Secondary

metabolite: norstictic acid (TLC).

SUBSTRATE AND ECOLOGY — on dead twigs; at present known only from the

type specimen.

ComMENTS — Pertusaria wangii is characterized by broad lecanorate verrucae,

8-spored asci, and the production of norstictic acid. Morphologically, the new

species is similar to P submultipuncta Nyl., which differs by having 1 ascospore

per ascus (Oshio 1968) and to P ambigens (Nyl.) Tuck., which differs by its

South African distribution and production of connorstictic, protocetraric, and

picrolichenic acids in addition to norstictic acid (Dibben 1980).

Pertusaria hengduanensis Q. Ren, sp. nov. PLATE 1B

MycoBank MB 807131

Differs from Pertusaria lacericans by its smaller ascospores and 3-5 apothecia per

verruca.

Type: China. Yunnan province, Gongshan County, Qigi Nature Reserve, alt. 1900 m, on

tree trunk, 19 Jul. 1982, M. Zang Herb. No. 1452 (holotype, KUN).

EryMo_oey: referring to the Hengduan Mountains in southwestern China + the Latin

suffix ensis, indicating place of origin.

THALLUS gray, moderately thick, epiphloedal, the margin + entire; UPPER

SURFACE smooth to tuberculate, or rugose-plicate (in older parts), generally

matt, fissured. SOREDIA AND ISIDIA absent. FERTILE VERRUCAE concolorous

Pertusaria spp. nov. (China) ... 223

Prate 1. A, Pertusaria wangii (holotype, HMAS-L); B, Pertusaria hengduanensis (holotype, KUN);

C, Pertusaria lijiangensis (holotype, SDNU). Scale bars = 1 mm.

224 ... Ren & Zhao

with thallus, numerous, well dispersed or occasionally crowded, (0.8-)1-1.5

(-—2) mm in diam.. Discs brown to black, 0.2—-0.5 mm in diam., level, white-

pruinose. APOTHECIA mostly 3-5 per verruca, lecanorate, the fruit centre

hyaline. Epithecium red-brown, K-. Ascosporgs 1 per ascus, cylindric, 120-

140 x 35-58 um. SPORE WALL single, c. 3 um thick.

SPOT TESTS — K+ yellow, C-, KC+ pink, P+ orange-red, UV-. Secondary

metabolite: protocetraric acid (TLC).

SUBSTRATE AND ECOLOGY — on bark or dead twigs, and at present only

known from Hengduan Mountains in southwestern China.

ADDITIONAL SPECIMEN EXAMINED — CHINA. YUNNAN: Lushui County, Pianma Town,

on dead twigs, in broad-leaved evergreen forest, 29 May 1981, X.Y. Wang et al. 1835

(HMAS-L).

ComMEnts — Pertusaria hengduanensis is characterized by 1-spored asci, 3-5

apothecia per verruca, and production of protocetraric acid. It is chemically

similar to the Australian species P. lacericans A.W. Archer, which differs by its

one apothecium per verruca and longer spores (170-180 um; Archer 1991).

Pertusaria lijiangensis Q. Ren, sp. nov. PLATE 1C

MycoBank MB 807133

Differs from Pertusaria hypothamnolica by its producing cryptothamnolic acid and

lacking soredia.

Type: China. Yunnan province, Yulong County, Lijiang Alpine Botanical Garden, alt.

3590 m, on bark of Rhododendron sp., 16 Aug. 2011, Q. Ren 2011174 (holotype, SDNU).

Erymo oey: referring to Lijiang in Yunnan Province + the Latin suffix ensis, indicating

place of origin.

THALLUS grayish to gray, thin to thick, to 2 mm thick when on rock,

epiphloedal, the margin + entire and seldom zoned (but generally lighter

colored than thallus); UPPER SURFACE smooth to tuberculate, generally matt

or only the margin shiny, continuous to slightly fissured, but rarely areolate.

SOREDIA AND ISIDIA absent. FERTILE VERRUCAE concolorous with thallus,

lecanorate, numerous, well dispersed to crowded, occasionally fused, (0.5-)

1-1.5(-2) mm in diam.. Discs pink to black, 0.5-1.0 mm in diam., level, slightly

white-pruinose. APOTHECIA mostly 1 per verruca, at times 2-3 per verruca,

the fruit centre hyaline. EprrHecium red-brown, K-. AscosporEs | per ascus,

cylindric, 130-230 x 45-85 um. SPORE WALL single, 3-9 um thick.

SPOT TESTS — K+ yellow becoming deeply purple, C+ pink, KC+ red,

P+ yellow, UV-. Secondary metabolites: hypothamnolic acid (major),

cryptothamnolic acid (major), decarboxyhypothamnolic acid (trace) (HPLC).

SUBSTRATE AND ECOLOGY — on various kinds of barks or dead branches,

especially on Rhododendron spp., Quercus spp., and Pinus spp. etc; rarely on

rock.

Pertusaria spp. nov. (China) ... 225

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED — CHINA. YUNNAN PROVINCE: Lijiang City,

Lijiang Alpine Botanical Garden, alt. 3210 m, on Rhododendron sp., 16 Aug. 2011,

Q. Ren 2011380 (SDNU); on Quercus pannosa, 16 Aug. 2011, Q. Ren 2011374 (SDNU);

alt. 3380 m, on Quercus pannosa, 16 Aug. 2011, Q. Ren 2011218 (SDNU); alt. 3590 m,

on bark, 16 Aug. 2011, Q. Ren 2011169 (SDNU); on Rhododendron sp., 16 Aug. 2011,

Q. Ren 2011200, 2011454 (SDNU); Yulong Snow Mountain, alt. 3300 m, on bark,

14 Aug. 1982, J.N. Wu & A.T. Liu 82-195 (HMAS-L); alt. 3100 m, on trunk of rotten

wood, 3 Aug. 1981, X.Y. Wang et al. 5015 (HMAS-L); Da li City, Mountain Cangshan, alt.

3450 m, on bark of Pinus armandii, 14 Aug. 2011, Q. Ren 2011444 (SDNU); Jianchuan

County, Shibaoshan, alt. 2640 m, on bark of Quercus acutissima, 17 Aug. 2011, Q. Ren

2011287 (SDNU). GuizHovu PROVINCE: Kaili City, Leishan County, Mountain Leigong,

26°23.029’N 108°12.445’E, alt. 892 m, on bark, 2 Apr. 2011, Z.T. Zhao 20102785 (SDNU);

alt. 1800 m, on bark, 2 Apr. 2011, Y. L. Cheng 20112031, 20112155 (SDNU). X1zZANG:

Linzhi County, Lulang Town, alt. 3500 m, on bark, 12 Jul. 2011, Y.L. Cheng 20118137

(SDNU). ZHEJIANG PROVINCE: Hangzhou City, Mount Tianmu, alt. 1500 m, on rock,

19 Oct. 2010, L. Li 20104517 (SDNU).

ComMENTs — Incorrectly known to Chinese lichenologists previously as

P. leptospora Nitschke (= P multipuncta (Turner) Nyl.), P. lijiangensis is

characterised by asci with 1 ascospore and hypothamnolic and cryptothamnolic

acids as major substances. The species is chemically similar to the North

American species, P. hypothamnolica Dibben, which differs by producing

soredia (restricted to the verrucae) and by containing lichexanthone (Dibben

1980).

Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Prof. Jack Elix (Australian National University) for his

help in confirming the chemistry and to Dr. Alan W. Archer (Royal Botanic Gardens,

Australia) for professional advice. The author thanks Drs. Alan W. Archer and Shouyu

Guo (Institute of Microbiology, CAS) for presubmission review. This study was supported

by the National Natural Science Foundation (no. 31370066), and the Program for

Scientific research innovation team in Colleges and universities of Shandong Province.

The authors are grateful to Ms. Hong Deng (HMAS-L) and Mr. Lisong Wang (KUN) for

loans of specimens during the study.

Literature cited

Archer AW. 1991. New species and new reports of Pertusaria (lichenised Ascomycotina) from

Australia and New Zealand with a key to the species in Australia. Mycotaxon 41: 223-269.

Archer AW. 1997. The lichen genus Pertusaria in Australia. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 69: 1-249.

Culberson CE. 1972. Improved conditions and new data for the identification of lichen products

by a standardized thin-layer chromatographic method. Journal of Chromatography A

72: 113-125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(72)80013-X

Dibben MJ. 1980. The chemosystematics of the lichen genus Pertusaria in North America North of

Mexico. Publications in Biology and Geology, Milwaukee Public Museum 5: 1-162.

Lumbsch HT. 2002. Analysis of phenolic products in lichens for identification and taxonomy.

281-295, in: I Kranner et al. (eds). Protocols in Lichenology. Berlin: Springer Verlag.

226 ... Ren & Zhao

Orange A, James PW, White FJ. 2001. Microchemical methods for the identification of lichens.

London: British Lichen Society.

Oshio M. 1968. Taxonomical studies on the family Pertusariaceae of Japan. Journal of Science of

the Hiroshima University, Series B, Div. 2 (Botany) 12: 81-151.

Ren Q, Sun ZS, Zhao ZT. 2009. Pertusaria wulingensis (Pertusariaceae), a new lichen from China.

Bryologist 112(2): 394-396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1639/0007-2745-112.2.394

Ren Q. 2013. Pertusaria albiglobosa, a new lichen from China. Mycotaxon 124: 349-352.

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/124.349

Schmitt I, Lumbsch HT. 2004. Molecular phylogeny of the Pertusariaceae supports secondary

chemistry as an important systematic character set in lichen-forming ascomycetes. Molecular

Phylogenetics and Evolution 33: 43-55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2004.04.014

Zhao ZT, Ren Q, Aptroot A. 2004. An annotated key to the lichen genus Pertusaria in China.

Bryologist 107(4): 531-541.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1639/0007-2745(2004) 107[531:AAKTTL]2.0.CO;2

MYCOTAXON

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/127.227

Volume 127, pp. 227-229 January-March 2014

BOOK REVIEWS AND NOTICES

ELSE C. VELLINGA, Book Review Editor*

861 Keeler Avenue, Berkeley CA 94708 U.S.A.

CORRESPONDENCE TO: bookreviews@mycotaxon.com

ABSTRACT — Books reviewed include GUIDE TO THE COMMON FUNGI OF THE SEMIARID

REGION OF BRAZIL by Neves, Baseia, Drechsler-Santos, & Gdes-Neto and ASCOMYCETE

FUNGI OF NorTH AMERICA by Beug, Bessette, & Bessette.

Ascomycete fungi of North America. A mushroom reference guide. By M.W.

Beug, A.E. Bessette & A.R. Bessette. 2014. University of Texas Press, P.O. Box

7819, Austin, TX 78713-7819. <info@utpress.utexas.edu>. ISBN 978-0-292-75452-

2. Pp 488, 800 color photos. Price $85.00 [$56.95 33% website discount price]

This is the first guidebook on ascomycetes for North America. Regional

guidebooks often contain the most conspicuous and edible species, but here,

an attempt is made to cover the larger species and touch on the smaller more

inconspicuous taxa. Around 600 species are mentioned in the text, with part of

these fully described and illustrated.

The book starts out with a short introduction to the Ascomycetes (excluding

the lichenized taxa), illustrated with photos of microscopical structures.

The key, which follows, is special, as it combines written couplets with

choices of fruitbody photos to get to species. The truffle species can be keyed

out with a dichotomous key as well. The emphasis is on macroscopical and

habitat-related characters.

The next 370 pages contain the species descriptions and photos, arranged

by group, starting out with the artificial group of hypogeous species, followed

by the classes (Pezizomycetes, Sordariomycetes, Leotiomycetes, Eurotiomycetes,

Neolectomycetes, Orbiliomycetes, Dothideomycetes, and Taphrinomycetes)

‘Books for consideration for coverage in this column should be mailed to the Book Review Editor

at the address above. All unsigned entries are by the Book Review Editor.

228 ... Vellinga, BOOK REVIEW EDITOR

to which the treated species belong. The Geoglossaceae (here still including

Microglossum) are treated separately as well.

A glossary, list of references, photo credits, and indices fill the last 34 pages.

Each species gets one or two pages — one sizeable photo, usually taken

in situ, without scale bar — plus a standard description and discussion. The

microscopic features are not depicted, just described. The emphasis is on the

larger showier species, with the Pezizomycetes represented by a relatively high

number of species.

The quality of the photos is variable, from very beautiful to uninformative

(Lasiosphaeria spermoides looks like a black blob without any detail).

The discussions give a huge amount of information from the literature and

cover the new developments and discoveries made in the molecular age.

It is great that there is now a book on ascomycetes for North America, and

I hope that it will open the eyes of many amateur mycologists to the world of

ascos beyond the edible morels.

On the minus-side, this book does not make it possible to identify every

ascomycete in North America — far from it.

The coverage of species with fruitbodies <0.5 cm is very limited (e.g.,

only two species of Hymenoscyphus are included), and only a few species are

represented for many genera (the under-studied genus Mollisia is represented

by M. cinerea, even though the genus is species rich). In many genera, species

concepts are very much in flux, and unfortunately European names are

still used for American species: for instance, Verpa conica and Sarcosphaera

coronaria are used, despite the fact that the western North American species

differ from the European ones under those names.

The book is available with 33% discount from the University of Texas Press

web site, which makes it very affordable. Its weight and size do not make it a

book to take out in the field.

In short — this book fills a gap, but it should be accompanied by much

more in-depth treatments of the groups in question. I hope that there soon

will be follow-up publications that will focus on the smaller, less conspicuous

ascomycetes.

Guide to the common fungi of the semiarid region of Brazil. By M.A. Neves,

I. Goulart Baseia, E.R. Drechsler-Santos & A. Gées-Neto (eds). 2013. TECC

Editora, Rua Joao Pio Duarte Silva 602, Apto. 302 Bloco A, Floriandpolis, Santa

Catarina, Brazil. <info@tecceditora.com>. ISBN 978-85-65005-03-6, 132 pages,

numerous photos and line drawings. Price $34.95

I am always thrilled to see the publication of mushroom field guides for regions

where not a single illustrated book to identify fungi has been available.

MycotTaxon 127 Book Reviews ... 229

This little book acquaints us with the fungi of the drier, inland regions of

northeastern Brazil, and starts out with a nice introduction to the area, its

landscapes and vegetation types, followed by an overview of what fungi are.

The next 100 pages are filled with keys to, and photos and descriptions (in

English and in Portuguese) of, around 80 species, arranged by systematic and

morphological groups. A small spore drawing is given for each species as well.

The last 20 pages contain the glossary, references, photo credits, and short

blurbs about the editors. A total of seventeen authors contributed to this book.

The Brazilian guide differs from others of its kind in that the gilled mushroom

section is not the biggest of the book; equal space is devoted to the polypores

and the various kinds of gasteromycetes. Photos of Abrachium floriforme and

Clathrus cristatus provide the ‘wow’ factor.

Many photos look slightly faint, which may be a result of the production

process.

I hope that this book will stimulate the investigation of the natural world

within Brazil, and entice foreign and Brazilian mycologists to keep adding to the

knowledge of fungi in Brazil, and especially to the dispersal of the knowledge

of these organisms.

BOOK ANNOUNCEMENT

A polyphasic taxonomy of Daldinia (Xylariaceae). By M. Stadler, T. Leessge, F. Fournier, D.

DeCock, B. Schmieschek, H.-V. Tichy, D. Persoh. 2014. SruprEs In MycoLoey no. 77. CBS-KNAW

Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85176, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands. <info@cbs.knaw.

nl>. Pp. 143, illustr. Price 60 € (paper copy, download free)

MYCOTAXON

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/127.231

Volume 127, pp. 231 January-March 2014

Regional annotated mycobiota new to the Mycotaxon website

ABSTRACT — MycoTaxon is pleased to announce a new species distribution list to our

‘web-list’ page covering lichens, lichenicolous, and allied fungi in Siberia, Russia (by

Davydov). This brings to 111 the number of free access mycobiotas now available on the

MycotTaxon website: http://www.mycotaxon.com/resources/weblists.html

EUROPE

Russia

EvGeny A. Davypov. The first checklist of lichens, lichenicolous, and allied

fungi of Altaisky krai (Siberia, Russia). 67 p.

ABSTRACT — The first check-list of lichen-forming, lichenicolous and allied fungi

of Altaisky krai is presented. Literature records as well as distribution within the

region are given for every species. The known species diversity of Altaisky krai at

the present time has been estimated as 545 species of lichens, 12 lichenicolous fungi

and one saprotrophic lichen-related fungus. Based on a completeness index relating

the number of macrolichen species and expected number of microlichen species,

the predicted lichen diversity of Altaisky krai would be about 882-1084 species.

MY COTAXON

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/127.233

Volume 127, pp. 233-234 January-March 2014

NOMENCLATURAL NOVELTIES AND TYPIFICATIONS

PROPOSED IN MYCOTAXON 127

Acrodictys nigra Jian Ma & X.G. Zhang, p. 129

Anabahusakala L.T. Carmo, J.S. Monteiro, Gusmao & R.F. Castafieda, p. 12

Anabahusakala amapensis L.T. Carmo, J.S. Monteiro, Gusmao & R.E. Castaneda, p. 12

Atrogeniculata J.S. Monteiro, Gusmao & R.F. Castafieda, p. 40

Atrogeniculata submersa J.S. Monteiro, Gusmao & R.F. Castafieda, p. 42

Ceratosporium hainanense Jian Ma & X.G. Zhang, p. 135

Codinaea delicata R.F. Castafhieda, Granados & O. Castro, p. 116

Codinaea dendroidea (Kuthub.) R.F. Castafeda, W.B. Kendr. & Minter, p. 119

Corymbiglomus pacificum Oehl, J. Medina, P. Cornejo, Sanchez-Castro, G.A. Silva &

Palenz., p. 176

Corynesporopsis variabilis R.F. Castaheda, Hern.-Restr. & Gené, p. 156

Cristinia tubulicystidiata J. Kaur, Dhingra & Hallenberg, p. 89

Diplococcium variegatum S.S. Silva, Gusmao & R.E. Castaneda, p. 60

Distocercospora indica N. Verma & A.N. Rai, p. 98

Helicodochium J.S. Monteiro, R.F. Castafieda, A.C. Cruz & Gusmao, p. 2

Helicodochium amazonicum J.S. Monteiro, R.E Castafeda, A.C. Cruz & Gusmao, p. 2

Helminthosporium nanjingense Meng Zhang, Xiao J. Wang, & H.Y. Wu, p. 2

Henicospora amazonensis J.S. Monteiro, Gusmao & R.F. Castafieda, p. 83

Isthmophragmospora laevispora J.S. Monteiro, Gusmao & R.F. Castaneda, p. 83

Lembosia bezerrae Firmino & O.L. Pereira, p. 200

Mensularia lithocarpi L.W. Zhou, p. 105

Nigrolentilocus amazonicus J.S. Monteiro, Gusmao & R.E Castafieda, p. 42

Paliphora curviapicis Goh, W.Y. Lau & K.C. Teo, p. 154

Pertusaria hengduanensis Q. Ren, p. 222

Pertusaria lijiangensis Q. Ren, p. 224

Pertusaria wangii Q. Ren, p. 222

Phaeoisaria sedimenticola X.L. Cheng & Wei Li ter, p. 20

234 ... MYCOTAXON 127

Phallus coronatus Rebriev, p. 94

Pholiota gallica Holec & Kolarik, p. 165

= Pholiota lubrica var. obscura Bon & Chevassut 1989

non Pholiota obscura A.H. Sm. & Hesler 1968

Pleurophragmium clavatum L.G. Ma & X.G. Zhang, p. 216

Pleurophragmium ellipsoideum L.G. Ma & X.G. Zhang, p. 214

Pleurophragmium yunnanense L.G. Ma & X.G. Zhang, p. 215

Pseudoacrodictys magnicornuata Fiuza, Gusmao & R.E Castafieda, p. 36

Pseudospiropes xishuangbannicus L.G. Ma & X.G. Zhang, p. 208

Puccinia rhodosensis Gjerum, p. 47

Radulodon acaciae G. Kaur, Avneet P. Singh & Dhingra, p. 111

Repetophragma hainanense Jian Ma & X.G. Zhang, p. 131

Septobasidium brunneum Wei Li bis & L. Guo, p. 25

Septobasidium guangxiense Wei Li bis & L. Guo, p. 27

Septobasidium transversum Wei Li bis & L. Guo, p. 28

Solicorynespora obovoidea Jian Ma & X.G. Zhang, p. 138

Sporidesmiella curtiphora L.T. Carmo, Gusmao & R.F. Castafieda, p. 85