IV ... MYCOTAXON 131(2)

MYCOTAXON

VOLUME ONE HUNDRED THIRTY-ONE (2) — TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER SECTION

TREVIEWETS ule cle alts afole ts oo Leg walled ioe ge Soa swe tlle ela ella Abr eLe 4 vii

EURALG Ss wat, Steg eels eee, Meaty ines, Rene Bena en ee eS, es ee viii

EVO THE EGO «tis dna nee nace idee hie ed On dae Pes echt ys eee ix

SUUMSSIOMEPTOCED UTCS.. x2. % 5 Bagh eae hs act ose Reet ndie gh ent le xi

RESEARCH ARTICLES

Three new species of Hemicorynespora and Solicorynespora

from southern China JIAN Ma, JI-WEN XIA & X1U-GUO ZHANG 263

Four new Humicola species from soil in China

Yu-LAN JIANG, YUE-MING WU, JUN-JIE XU,

YuE-Hua GENG, HONG-FENG WANG & TIAN-YU ZHANG 269

Flavodon ambrosius sp. nov., a basidiomycetous mycosymbiont

of Ambrosiodmus ambrosia beetles

D. RABERN SIMMONS, YoU LI, CRAIG C. BATEMAN & JIRI HULCR 277

Atrosynnema, a new hyphomycete from dead branches in China

JI-WEN X1A, YING-Rur Ma, JIAN-MEI GAO, XIU-GUO ZHANG & ZHUANG LI 287

Two new species of Bactrodesmium and Dictyoaquaphila from Mexico

Rosa M. ARIAS, GABRIELA HEREDIA & RAFAEL F, CASTANEDA-Ru1z 291

Linkosia aquatica sp. nov. from submerged plant debris

from Brazil Lucas B. ConcEIGAo, Marcos FaBIo OLIVEIRA MARQUES,

Luis FERNANDO PASCHOLATI GUSMAO, JOSIANE SANTANA MONTEIRO &

RAFAEL F, CASTANEDA-RuIz 297

Two new species of Suillus associated with larches in China

X1A0-FEI SHI, FU-QIANG Yu, RUI ZHANG & PEI-Gu1 Lru 305

First record of Parasola lilatincta from Pakistan

SHAH Hussain, NAJAM-UL-SAHAR AFSHAN & HABIB AHMAD 317

Pseudocercospora picrasmicola sp. nov. and a new record

of P. paludicola from China FENGYAN ZHAI, YINGJIE Liu & YINGLAN Guo 325

Acrodictys, Corynespora, Karstenula, Oncopodium, and Sporocadus:

new genera for Turkey — Ersap HUseyin, FaRUK SELGUK & KaprivE Exicr 331

Merismatium, Porpidia, and Protoparmelia spp.

new for Turkey and Asia KENAN YAZICI & ALI ASLAN 337

New Bacidia, Opegrapha, and Rhizocarpon records

for Turkey and Asia KapIR KINALIOGLU & ANDRE APTROOT 345

APRIL-JUNE 2016... V

Helicoma jianfenglingense sp. nov. and

Cubasina and Endophragmiella species new to China

JiaN-MEI GAo, CHUN-LING YANG, JIN- YE WANG,

JI-WEN X1A, YING-RuI Ma & X1U-GUO ZHANG 351

Evidence for Gymnosporangium atlanticum in Europe

José Luis FERNANDEZ, IMMA LLORENS & PABLO ALVARADO 357

Asterolibertia moquileae comb. nov. on Licania tomentosa

from Brazil Jose Luiz BEZERRA, S{LvIA PATRICIA BARBOSA ARAUJO,

ANDRE L. FIRMINO & JADERGUDSON PEREIRA 367

Gymnosporangium huanglongense sp. nov. from western China

Bin Cao, CHENG-MING TIAN & YING-MEI LIANG 375

New species of Dictyochaeta and Wardomyces from soil

Yu-LAN JIANG, YUE-MING Wu & TIAN-YuU ZHANG 385

Xylohyphopsis aquatica sp. nov., a new aquatic hyphomycete

from China JuN-EN Huang, Hal-YAN SONG, JIAN Ma,

Guan-Xiu Guan & DiAN-MinG Hu 391

Annulohypoxylon (Xylariales) from western Parana, Brazi

KELY DA SILVA CRUZ & VAGNER G. CoRTEZ 395

First record of Pileolaria terebinthi (Pucciniales) in Pakistan

B. ALI, Y. SOHAIL & A.S. Mumtaz 403

Lectotypification of the name Umbilicaria esculenta

EvGEeNny A. DavyDOV & YOSHIHITO OHMURA 407

Dinemasporium japonicum on Polytrichum commune

from Korea Ji-Hyun Park, SEUNG-BEOM Hona,

YOUNG-JOON CHOI & HYEON-DonG SHIN 413

Dictyoceratosporella wuzhishanensis sp. nov.

from Hainan Province, China JI- WEN X14, CHUN-LING YANG,

JIN-YE WANG, YING-RuI Ma, JIAN-MEI GAO & XIU-GUO ZHANG 419

Codinaea leomaiae sp. nov. from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

MarcELaA A. BARBOSA, PHELIPE M.O. Costa,

ELAINE MALOssO & RAFAEL F. CASTANEDA-Ru1z 423

Stachybotryna longispiralis sp. nov. from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

PHELIPE M.O. Costa, MARCELA A. BARBOSA,

Marina A.G. ARAUJO, ELAINE MALOSSO & RAFAEL F. CASTANEDA-Ru1Iz 429

Phaeodactylium cymbisporum sp. nov. from the

Brazilian Atlantic Forest

PHELIPE M.O. Costa, MARCELA A. BARBOSA, MARINA A.G. ARAUJO,

ELAINE MALOssO & RAFAEL F, CASTANEDA-Ru1z 435

vI ... MYCOTAXON 131(2)

Turkish truffles 2: eight new records from Anatolia

Topp E ELLIOTT Aziz TURKOGLU,

JAMES M. TRAPPE & MEHRICAN YARATANAKUL GUNGOR 439

New species and new records of the lichen genus Fuscopannaria

from China Hua-Jre Liu, JIAN-SEN Hu & QING-FENG Wu 455

Four new morel (Morchella) species in the elata subclade

(M. sect. Distantes) from Turkey Hattra Taskin, Hasan Hiszyin DoGan,

SAADET BUYUKALACA, PHILIPPE CLOWEZ,

PIERRE-ARTHUR MOREAU & KERRY O'DONNELL 467

REGIONAL MYCOBIOTA NEW TO THE MYCOTAXON WEBSITE 483

Contribution to the macrofungal diversity of Yozgat province (Turkey)

IBRAHIM TURKEKUL & HAKAN ISIK

BOOK REVIEWS AND NOTICES ELsE C. VELLINGA 485

The fungal flora in southwestern Japan: agarics and boletes

TERASHIMA With TAKAHASHI & TANEYAMA (EDS)

Atlas of Chinese macrofungal resources Lt, Lt, YANG, ToLGor & Dat

NOMENCLATURAL NOVELTIES AND TYPIFICATIONS

PROPOSED IN MycoTAXON 131(2) 489

APRIL-JUNE 2016...

REVIEWERS — VOLUME ONE HUNDRED THIRTY-ONE (2)

The Editors express their appreciation to the following individuals who have,

prior to acceptance for publication, reviewed one or more of the papers

prepared for this quarter.

Reinhard Berndt

Uwe Braun

R.E. Castaneda-Ruiz

P.W. Crous

Cvetomir M. Denchev

Francisco das Chagas

Oliveira Freire

Matteo Gelardi

Luis F. P. Gusmao

Ze-Feng Jia

Hiroyuki Kashiwadani

Abdullah Kaya

Bryce Kendrick

Sevda Kirbag

Kier D. Klepzig

Miroslav Kolarik

Changtian Li

De-Wei Li

Jiankui Liu

Xavier Llimona

Eric H.C. McKenzie

Gabriel Moreno

Gregory M. Mueller

Laszlo G. Nagy

A.R. Niazi

Lorelei L. Norvell

Yoshitaka Ono

Alan Orange

Piotr Osyczka

Giovanni Pacioni

Mahajabeen Padamsee

Shaun R. Pennycook

Jadergudson Pereira

Donald H. Pfister

Stephen A. Rehner

Amy Y. Rossman

Alexander Sennikov

Ertugrul Sesli

Harrie J.M. Sipman

Esteban Benjamin Sir

Kazuaki Tanaka

Ludmilla E Untari

Andrus Voitk

Yong Wang

Eugene Yurchenko

Xiu-Guo Zhang

VII

Vil ... MYCOTAXON 131(2)

ERRATA FROM PREVIOUS VOLUMES

VOLUME 131(1)

cover, after line 5 add: PAMELA R. LARGENT, photographer

p. 1, line 4 FOR: Traditional Chinese Medicine READ: Chinese Medicine

p. 5, line 11 FOR: 1212RJZAQ092 READ: 1312RJZAQO92

p. 8, line 17 FOR: Fungal Isolation READ: Fungal isolation

p. 11, line 18 FOR: Aspergillus READ: A.

p- 111, line 17 FOR: (1894: ) READ: (1894)

p. 112, line 26 FOR: 40°Cto READ: 40°C to

p. 135, line 4 FOR: Western China READ: Northwest China

p. 136, line 20 FOR: Western China READ: Northwest China

p. 137, line 21 FOR: Xiao Q Zi READ: Xiao Qu Zi

APRIL-JUNE 2016... IX

FROM THE EDITOR-IN-CHIEF

MYCOTAXON & THE SPACE-TIME CONTINUUM — It was not our intention to deliver

the April-June issue two months late (in August), but a series of misfortunes in

May and June conspired to delay our nomenclatural editorial reviews. Fortunately,

NOMENCLATURE EDITOR Pennycook is once again healthily churning out his

nomenclatural revisions and final submissions are cascading in for my final editorial

review, approval, and PDF conversions.

One problem confronting any journal is whether to wait until a certain page

minimum is reached (in our case, 300 pages) or issue a publication on time

irrespective of page number. As most readers now subscribe to our online journal,

there is little to be gained by waiting for a page minimum before publishing an

issue. Our hard-print copies dictate the date of publication, and the printed issues

are generally mailed within one week after your EDITOR-IN-CHIEF sends the PDFs

to WEBMASTER Noni Korf and BusiNnEss MANAGER Hannes Maddens for print and

web preparation. There is generally a two-three week interval before Ingenta finally

posts the issue online.

Henceforth our goal is to publish each issue within the quarter emblazoned on

its cover. This may mean that the July-September issue will be small, but our hope

is to deliver the papers on time. As we've been hoping to accomplish this for the

past twelve years, wish us luck!

MYCOTAXON 131(2) contains 29 papers by 90 authors (representing 12 countries)

and revised by 45 expert reviewers.

Within its pages are one new genus and species (Atrosynnema digitosporum from

China) and 29 other species new to science representing Annulohypoxylon, Codinaea,

Linkosia, Phaeodactylium, and Stachybotryna from Brazil; Bactrodesmium and

Dictyoaquaphila from Mexico; Dictyoceratosporella, Dictyochaeta, Fuscopannaria,

Helicoma, Hemicorynespora, Humicola, Pseudocercospora, Solicorynespora, Suillus,

Wardomyces, and Xylohyphopsis from China; Flavodon from the U.S.A.; and

Morchella from Turkey.

In addition to range extensions and/or new hosts for previously named taxa

in China, Korea, Pakistan, Turkey, and Spain, we also offer new combinations in

Asterolibertia from Brazil and a lectotypification of Umbilicaria esculenta.

Warm regards,

Lorelei L. Norvell

Editor-in-Chief

30 July 2016

x ... MYCOTAXON 131(2)

PUBLICATION DATE FOR VOLUME ONE HUNDRED THIRTY-ONE (1)

MYCOTAXON for JANUARY-MARCH 2016, (I-XII + 1-262)

was issued on April 29, 2016

APRIL-JUNE 2016... XI

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MYCOTAXON

April-June 2016— Volume 131, pp. 263-268

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/131.263

Three new species of Hemicorynespora

and Solicorynespora from southern China

JIAN Ma”, JI-WEN XIA? & XIU-GUO ZHANG?

‘College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China

*Department of Plant Pathology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China

*CORRESPONDENCE TO: majian821210@163.com

ABSTRACT — Three new hyphomycetes were collected from decaying twigs of unidentified

plants in southern China. Hemicorynespora obovoidea sp. nov., Solicorynespora

jinggangshanensis sp. nov., and S. lushanensis sp. nov. are described, illustrated, and compared

with closely related taxa.

KEY worps — anamorphic fungi, saprobic fungi, taxonomy

Introduction

During ongoing surveys of saprobic microfungi from forests of southern

China, several interesting Corynespora-like taxa were found on decaying twigs.

Among these were three species having the morphological features typical of

Hemicorynespora M.B. Ellis (Ellis 1972) and Solicorynespora R.F. Castaneda &

W.B. Kendr. (Castafteda-Ruiz & Kendrick 1990). They differ significantly from

previously described species in several morphological features, and therefore

are described here as new to science.

Hemicorynespora obovoidea Jian Ma & X.G. Zhang, sp. nov. FIG. 1

MycoBAnk MB 814891

Differs from all other Hemicorynespora species by its obovoid, asymmetrically 1-septate

conidia.

Type: China, Guangdong Province: Liuxihe National Forest Park, on decaying twigs of

an unidentified broadleaf tree, 10 July 2014, J. Ma (Holotype, HJAUP M0109).

EryMo_oey: refers to the obovoid conidial shape.

COLONIES on natural substrate effuse, brown to dark brown, hairy. Mycelium

partly superficial, partly immersed in the substratum, composed of branched,

264 ... Ma, Xia & Zhang

20nm

20um

| : - Q

C a

20nm

Fic. 1. Hemicorynespora obovoidea (holotype, HJAUP M0109): A-D. conidiophores and

conidia; E, F. conidiophores; G, H. conidia.

septate, pale brown to brown, smooth hyphae. CONIDIOPHORES macronematous,

mononematous, single, erect, unbranched, straight or flexuous, cylindrical,

brown to dark brown, smooth, septate, 55-110 x 4-5.5 um. CONIDIOGENOUS

CELLS monotretic, integrated, terminal, cylindrical, brown, smooth, 16.5-34.5

x 4.5-5.5 um, with 0-1 cylindrical percurrent extension. Conidial secession

schizolytic. Conrp1a solitary, acrogenous, dry, obovoid, smooth-walled,

brown, asymmetrically 1-septate, 16.5-20.5 x 8-11 um, 1.5-2.5 um wide at the

truncate base.

CoMMENTS—Ellis (1972) established Hemicorynespora with two species,

H. deightonii M.B. Ellis (type species) and H. mitrata (Penz. & Sacc.) M.B. Ellis.

The genus is characterized by solitary, acrogenous, mitre-shaped, limoniform,

obovoid or ellipsoidal, 0-1-septate, smooth conidia seceding schizolytically

from integrated, terminal, monotretic, determinate or percurrently elongated

conidiogenous cells (Ellis 1972, Seifert et al. 2011). Subsequently, 10 additional

species have been reported in Hemicorynespora (Ellis 1972, Matsushima 1981,

Holubova-Jechova 1987, Subramanian 1995, Mercado et al. 1997, Sivanesan &

Hemicorynespora & Solicorynespora spp. nov. (China) ... 265

Chang 1997, Delgado et al. 2007, Ma et al. 2012a). However, Ma et al. (2012a)

excluded H. obclavata Subram. (with 2-septate conidia) and H. multiseptata

Sivan. & H.S. Chang (with 4-5-septate conidia) from the genus; thus

Hemicorynespora currently contains 10 recognized species. Only H. clavata

G. Delgado et al. and H. dimocarpi Jian Ma & X.G. Zhang have previously been

reported from China (Ma et al. 2012a).

Hemicorynespora obovoidea superficially resembles H. ovata Subram., which

differs by its aseptate conidia (Subramanian 1995).

Solicorynespora jinggangshanensis Jian Ma & X.G. Zhang, sp. nov. Fic. 2

MycoBAnk MB 814892

Differs from Solicorynespora melicopes by its smaller, predominately 6-septate conidia

with the basal cell longer than the second cell and from S. obclavata by its wider conidia

with a shorter rostrum and the basal cell longer than the second cell.

A B D

20um

40um

Fic. 2. Solicorynespora jinggangshanensis (holotype, HHAUP M0290): A, B. conidiophores

and conidia;. C. conidiophore with developing conidium; D, E. conidia.

266 ... Ma, Xia & Zhang

Type: China, Jiangxi Province: Jinggangshan Mountain, on decaying twigs of an

unidentified broadleaf tree, 6 Nov. 2014, J. Ma (Holotype, HJAUP M0290).

EryMo_oey: refers to the locality where the type specimen was found.

COLONIES on natural substrate effuse, brown to dark brown, hairy. Mycelium

partly superficial, partly immersed in the substratum, composed of branched,

septate, pale brown to brown, smooth-walled hyphae. CoNrIDIOPHORES

macronematous, mononematous, single, erect, straight or flexuous, unbranched,

smooth, septate, brown to dark brown, 60-145 x 5-6 um. CONIDIOGENOUS

CELLS monotretic, integrated, terminal, cylindrical or lageniform, brown to pale

brown, smooth, 11.5-22.5 x 4.5-6.5 um, with 0-3 percurrent proliferations.

Conidial secession schizolytic. Conrp1a solitary, dry, acrogenous, obclavate,

rostrate, smooth, brown, 5-7-euseptate (mostly 6-septate), 35.5-51 x

13.5-15.5 um, 3.5-4.5 um wide at the truncate base, apex extended into a

subhyaline to pale brown rostrum, 2.5-3.5 um wide.

COMMENTS—Castaneda-Ruiz & Kendrick (1990), who re-examined the

genus Corynespora Giissow using conidial septation as the circumscribing

character, erected the segregate genus Solicorynespora to accommodate those

species previously described in Corynespora but with solitary, euseptate

phragmoconidia (McKenzie 2010, Ma et al. 2012b, Hernandez-Restrepo et al.

2014). Thus far, 22 species have been described in or transferred to the genus

(Hernandez-Restrepo et al. 2014, Ma et al. 2014).

Of the known species, Solicorynespora jinggangshanensis is most similar

to S. melicopes Jian Ma & X.G. Zhang and S. obclavata (Dyko & B. Sutton)

R.F. Castafieda & W.B. Kendr. in conidial shape, but S. melicopes differs by its

larger, predominately 5-septate, occasionally distoseptate conidia (77-94 x

19.5-27 um); with the longest cell second from the base (Ma et al. 2012b); and

S. obclavata differs by its narrower conidia (9.5-11 um wide) with a longer

rostrum and the longest cell second from the base (Castafieda- Ruiz & Kendrick

1990).

Solicorynespora lushanensis Jian Ma & X.G. Zhang, sp. nov. FIG. 3

MycoBAank MB 814893

Differs from Solicorynespora linderae by its smooth, smaller conidia with more septa.

Type: China, Jiangxi Province: Lushan Mountain, on decaying twigs of unidentified

broadleaf trees, 8 Nov. 2014, J. Ma (Holotype, HHAUP M0199).

EryMoLoey: refers to the locality where the type specimen was found.

COLONIES on natural substrate effuse, brown, hairy. Mycelium partly superficial,

partly immersed in the substratum, composed of branched, septate, pale

brown to brown, smooth-walled hyphae. CoNIDIOPHORES macronematous,

Hemicorynespora & Solicorynespora spp. nov. (China) ... 267

Fic. 3. Solicorynespora lushanensis (holotype, HJAUP M0199):

A. conidiophores; B, C. conidiophores and conidia; D. conidia.

mononematous, solitary or in groups, erect, straight or flexuous, unbranched,

smooth, brown, 55-115 x 5-6 um. CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS monotretic,

integrated, terminal, cylindrical, brown, smooth, 9.5-20.5 x 4-5 um, sometimes

with 1 percurrent extension. Conidial secession schizolytic. Conip1a solitary,

dry, acrogenous, obclavate, tapering towards the apex, smooth, brown, paler

towards the apex, 9-13-euseptate, 56-78 x 10-12 um, tapering to 2-3 um near

the apex, 2.5-3.5 um wide at the truncate base.

ADDITIONAL SPECIMEN EXAMINED: CHINA, JIANGXI PROVINCE: Lushan Mountain, on

decaying twigs of unidentified broadleaf trees, 8 Nov. 2014, J. Ma (HJAUP M0190).

268 ... Ma, Xia & Zhang

CoMMENTS—Solicorynespora lushanensis is similar in conidial shape to

S. linderae Jian Ma & X.G. Zhang, which differs by its larger, 7-9 septate conidia

(100-130 x 12.5-15.5 um) with a verrucose basal cell and a pale brown, aseptate

rostrum (Ma et al. 2012b).

Acknowledgments

The authors express gratitude to Dr. R.F. Castafteda-Ruiz and Dr. Eric H.C. McKenzie

for serving as pre-submission reviewers and to Dr. Shaun Pennycook for nomenclatural

review. This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of

China (No. 31360011) and the Education Department of Jiangxi Province of China

(No. GJJ13282).

Literature cited

Castaneda-Ruiz RF, Kendrick B. 1990. Conidial fungi from Cuba: II. Univ. Waterloo Biol. Ser. 33.

61 p.

Delgado G, Mercado SA, Mena J, Guarro J. 2007. Hemicorynespora clavata, a new hyphomycete

(anamorphic fungi) from Cuba. Crypt. Mycol. 28: 65-69.

Ellis MB. 1972. Dematiaceous hyphomycetes. XI. Mycol. Pap. 131. 25 p.

Hernandez-Restrepo M, Castafeda-Ruiz RF, Gené J, Silvera-Simon C, Cano J, Guarro J.

2014. Two new species of Solicorynespora from Spain. Mycol. Progress 13: 157-164.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11557-013-0903-9

Holubova-Jechova V. 1987. Studies on hyphomycetes from Cuba VI. New and rare species with

tretic and phialidic conidiogenous cells. Ceska Mykol. 41: 107-114.

Ma J, Ma LG, Zhang YD, Castafieda-Ruiz RF, Zhang XG. 2012a. New species or record of

Corynesporopsis and Hemicorynespora from southern China. Nova Hedwigia 95: 233-241.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0029-5035/2012/0030

Ma J, Zhang YD, Ma LG, Ren SC, Castafieda-Ruiz RF, Zhang XG. 2012b. Three new species of

Solicorynespora from Hainan, China. Mycol. Progress 11: 639-645.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11557-011-0775-9

Ma J, Zhang XG, Castafieda-Ruiz RF. 2014. Ceratosporium hainanensis and Solicorynespora

obovoidea spp. nov., and a first record of Bactrodesmiastrum obscurum from southern China.

Mycotaxon 127: 135-143. http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/127.135

Matsushima T. 1981. Matsushima mycological memoirs 2. Published by the author, Kobe, Japan

McKenzie EHC. 2010. Three new phragmosporous hyphomycetes on Ripogonum from an

‘ecological island’ in New Zealand. Mycotaxon 111: 183-196. http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/111.183

Mercado SA, Heredia AG, Mena PJ. 1997. Tropical hyphomycetes of Mexico I. New species of

Hemicorynespora, Piricauda and Rhinocladium. Mycotaxon 63: 155-167.

Seifert K, Morgan-Jones G, Gams W, Kendrick B. 2011. The genera of hyphomycetes. CBS

Biodiversity Series 9. 997 p.

Sivanesan A, Chang HS. 1997. Chaetosphaeria ampulliformis sp. nov. associated with a

Hemicorynespora anamorph, and a key to Hemicorynespora species. Mycol. Res. 101: 845-848.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0953756297003493

Subramanian CV. 1995 [“1992/1993”]. Agrabeeja kavakapriya gen. et sp. nov. and additions to

Hemicorynespora. Kavaka 20/21: 1-9.

MY COTAXON

April-June 2016— Volume 131, pp. 269-275

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/131.269

Four new Humicola species from soil in China

Yu-LAN JIANG!?, YUE-MING WU’, JUN-JIE Xu” ?,

YUE-Hua GENG”*, HONG-FENG WANG? & TIAN-Yu ZHANG”

" Agriculture College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China

* Department of Plant Pathology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China

* College of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Shandong Province, Linyi, 276005, China

* College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China

*CORRESPONDENCE TO: tyzhang1937@163.com

AsstRAcT — Humicola chinensis, H. irregularis, H. pyriformoides, and H. tibetensis spp.

nov. from soil in China, are described, illustrated, and compared morphologically with

similar species. The type specimens (dried cultures) and living cultures are deposited in the

Herbarium of Shandong Agricultural University: Plant Pathology (HSAUP).

Key worps — aleuriospores, anamorphic fungi, hyphomycetes, taxonomy

Introduction

Humicola was established by Traaen (1914) for two species of fungi with

hyaline hyphae, Humicola fuscoatra Traaen (type species) and H. grisea Traaen.

Later, more species were included, although those with pigmented hyphae did

not fit within Traaen’s original circumscription. Fassatiova (1967) emended

the diagnosis of this genus and constructed a key for the determination of

Humicola species. She pointed out that according to the taxonomic opinions

of Hughes (1953) and Subramanian (1962) hyphal color was not a decisive

feature and that only fungi with the definitely expressed character of forming

aleuriospores could be included in the genus. De Bertoldi (1976) subsequently

concluded that aleuriospore size was the most effective and stable diagnostic

morphological character in Humicola.

During an investigation of the soil dematiaceous hyphomycetes in China,

four fungi were obtained that grew on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and possessed

270 ... Jiang & al.

Fic. 1. Humicola chinensis (ex holotype HSAUP II,,6065).

Conidia and conidiophores. Scale bar = 25 um.

the typical Humicola characters. They did not match with other known species

in this genus and are therefore proposed as new species.

Humicola chinensis Y.L. Jiang & T.Y. Zhang, sp. nov. FIG. 1

MycoBAnk MB 801834

Differs from Humicola piriformis and H. pyriformoides by its yellowish colony color and

its narrower, obovoid to oval conidia.

Type: China, Hubei Province, Enshi, from soil of a lotus pond, 18 Oct. 2004, Y.L. Jiang

(Holotype, HSAUP II,,6065).

ETyMOLOGy: in reference to the country where the specimen was isolated.

CoLonliEs on PDA effuse, pale greyish yellow, reverse yellowish brown, reaching

4-5 cm in diameter in 2 weeks at 25 °C. MycELIuM superficial and immersed;

hyphae hyaline, branched, septate, smooth, 1-3 um wide. CONIDIOPHORES

Humicola spp. nov. (China) ... 271

arise on long aerial hyphae, lateral, unbranched, 0.5-4 um long. Conip1a

formed singly either directly on the sides of vegetative hyphae or on short lateral

conidiophores, smooth, unicellular, obovoid or sometimes oval, rounded at the

distal end, truncate at the base, often with a small portion of the conidiogenous

cell attached, pale to dark brown, 4.5-9 x 3-4.5 (commonly 6.3 x 3.5) um,

they often become detached. No intercalary chlamydospores or enteroblastic

phialidic conidia present.

ComMENTs: In conidial morphology Humicola chinensis resembles H. piriformis

De Bert. and H. pyriformoides (see below), but H. piriformis differs by its brown-

black colony color, its globose or pyriform conidia (7-7.2 x 7.1-7.5 um), and

its enteroblastic phialidic conidia and intercalary chlamydospores (De Bertoldi

1976), and H. pyriformoides differs by its pale grey colony color and mostly

spherical or subspherical conidia (4-13 um diam.).

Humicola irregularis H.F. Wang & T.Y. Zhang, sp. nov. FIG. 2

MycoBank MB 801836

Fic. 2. Humicola irregularis (ex holotype HSAUP II, 5173).

Conidia and conidiophores. Scale bar = 25 um.

272 ... Jiang & al.

Differs from all other Humicola species by its irregularly shaped 1-3 celled conidia.

Type: China, Qinghai Province, Huzhu County, from a mountain soil, H.E Wang

(Holotype, HSAUP II,,5173 (dried culture); isotype, HMAS 196247).

EryMoOLoGey: in reference to the irregular shape of the conidia.

CoLonigs on PDA effuse, floccose or hairy, dark grey to black, reverse black,

reaching 5-6 cm in diameter in 2 weeks at 25 °C. MycEeLium mostly superficial;

hyphae hyaline, branched, septate, smooth, 1.3-2.5 um wide. CONIDIOPHORES

micronematous, unbranched, hyaline, septate, smooth, straight or flexuous,

0.5-3 um wide, up to 34.5 um long. CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS monoblastic,

terminal or lateral, cylindrical or slightly swollen. Conip1a 1-3 (commonly

1-2) celled, irregular in shape: cuneiform, broadly obovoid or other shapes,

brown to dark brown, smooth, unicellular 3.5-11 x 3-6 um (commonly 4.5

x 4 um), bicellular 9.5-14 x 6.5-7.5 um. No intercalary chlamydospores or

enteroblastic phialidic conidia present.

Fic. 3. Humicola pyriformoides (ex holotype HSAUP II, ,2811).

Conidia and conidiophores. Scale bar = 25 um.

Humicola spp. nov. (China) ... 273

Humicola pyriformoides J.J. Xu & T.Y. Zhang, sp. nov. FIG. 3

MycoBank MB 801837

Differs from Humicola piriformis by its paler colony color and wider conidia.

Type: China, Fujian Province, Pingtan, from soil of a rice field, J.J. Xu (Holotype,

HSAUP II,,2811).

EryMoLoey: in reference to the similarity of the conidia to those of Humicola piriformis.

CoLonigs on PDA effuse, velvety or cottony, at first white, gradually becoming

pale grey, reverse pale brown, reaching a diameter of 2-5 cm in 2 weeks at 25 °C.

MyceELivum superficial and immersed; hyphae hyaline to subhyaline, branched,

septate, smooth, 1-3.5 um wide, sometimes forming simple mycelial ropes.

CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS monoblastic, terminal or lateral, hyaline to pale brown,

non-septate, smooth, 1-21 x 3-4.5 um. Conrp1a solitary, smooth, unicellular,

pale brown to brown, mostly spherical or subspherical, 4-13 um in diameter,

or sometimes pyriform, 4-13 x 3-7 um. No intercalary chlamydospores or

enteroblastic phialidic conidia present.

Comments: In conidial morphology, Humicola pyriformoides is close to

H. piriformis, which differs by its dark brown to black colored colonies, its

narrower conidia (7-7.2 x 7.1-7.5 um), and its production of small enteroblastic

phialidic conidia and intercalary chlamydospores (De Bertoldi 1976).

Humicola tibetensis Y.H. Geng & T.Y. Zhang, sp. nov. FIG. 4

MycoBank MB 801838

Differs from Humicola grisea by its smaller conidia.

Type: China, Tibet: Changdu County, altitude 3600 m, from a broadleaf-conifer mixed

forest soil, 1 Jul. 2006, Y.H. Geng (Holotype, HSAUP II,,1202 (dried culture); isotype,

HMAS 196250).

ETyMOLoGy: in reference to the region where the specimen was collected.

Cotonigs on PDA effuse, cottony, first white then gradually becoming pale

brown to greyish brown, reverse slightly paler, reaching a diameter of 2-5 cm

in 2 weeks at 25 °C. MyceELium superficial and immersed; hyphae hyaline

to subhyaline, branched, septate, smooth, 1-1.5 um wide. CONIDIOPHORES

differentiation inconspicuous. CONIDIA acrogenous or pleurogenous, solitary,

broadly obovoid, spherical to subspherical, pale brown, thick-walled, smooth,

6.5-13.5 x 6-11.5 um. Intercalary chlamydospores ellipsoidal to broadly

ellipsoidal, pale brown, 6.5-10 x 6.5-7 um. Enteroblastic phialidic conidia are

produced by a simple, hyaline and smooth phialide, unicellular, spherical or

ellipsoidal, pale brown to brown, smooth, rarely catenate, 3-5 um in diameter.

ComMENtTs: In producing typical aleuriospores, intercalary chlamydospores

and phialospores and in its conidial morphology, H. tibetensis resembles

274 ... Jiang & al.

Fic. 4. Humicola tibetensis (ex holotype HSAUP II,,1202).

Conidia, conidiophores, phialides, and phialospores. Scale bar = 25 um.

H. grisea, which differs by its larger conidia (12-17 um diam.) and its catenate

phialospores (Traaen 1914).

Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful for pre-submission comments and suggestions provided by

Drs. Eric McKenzie, Yong Wang, and Shaun Pennycook. This project was supported by

the National Science Foundations of China (nos. 30970011 & 31360012).

Humicola spp. nov. (China) ... 275

Literature cited

Agarwal SC. 1982. A new species of Humicola from Indian alkaline soils. J. Mycol. Plant Pathol.

12(2): 222-223.

De Bertoldi M. 1976. New species of Humicola. An approach to genetic and biochemical

classification. Can. J. Bot. 54(24): 2755-2765. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b76-296

Ellis MB. 1971. Dematiaceous hyphomycetes. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, Surrey,

England. 608 p.

Fassatiova O. 1967. Notes on the genus Humicola Traaen. II. Ceska Mykologie 21(2): 78-89.

Hughes SJ. 1953. Conidiophores, conidia and classification. Can. J. Bot. 31: 577-659.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b53-046

Roxon JE, Jong SC. 1974. A new pleomorphic species of Humicola from Saskatchewan soil.

Can. J. Bot. 52: 517-520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b74-066

Subramanian CV. 1962. The classification of the hyphomycetes. Bull. Bot. Surv. India 4: 249-259.

Traaen EA. 1914. Untersuchungen tiber die Bodenpilze aus Norwegen. Nyt. Mag. Naturvid.

32: 20-121.

MYCOTAXON

April-June 2016— Volume 131, pp. 277-285

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/131.277

Flavodon ambrosius sp. nov., a basidiomycetous mycosymbiont

of Ambrosiodmus ambrosia beetles

D. RABERN SIMMONS, YOU LI, CRAIG C. BATEMAN & JIRI HULCR*

School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida

PO Box 110410, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: hulcr@ufl.edu

ABSTRACT — Pure fungal cultures recovered from mycangia and fungal gardens of three

Ambrosiodmus species were identified as a basidiomycetous fungus within the Polyporales.

Culture-independent molecular analysis of the mycangia indicated that this fungus is the

dominant symbiont transported by these beetles, and molecular phylogenetic analyses placed

this fungus in a lineage with Flavodon flavus. We describe Flavodon ambrosius as a new

species based on its phylogenetic position in relation to E flavus, its role as a mycosymbiont

rather than a free-living saprophyte, and its mode of asexual reproduction via arthroconidia.

Key worps — Basidiomycota, nuclear ITS rDNA, 28S rDNA

Introduction

Flavodon Ryvarden (Ryvarden 1973) was described as a monotypic genus

to accommodate Irpex flavus Klotzsch (Klotzsch 1833), whose classification

had previously been questioned by Maas Geesteranus (1967). Flavodon flavus

(Klotzsch) Ryvarden is a resupinate to conchate species of white-rot fungus in

Polyporales with a hymenium that is dominantly poroid in resupinate forms

but ages to hydnoid and which produces slightly ellipsoid, hyaline spores.

The species is distinguished from related taxa in its yellow color that reacts

to KOH by turning brown (Maas Geesteranus 1967). The hyphal system is

dimitic, with thin generative and thickened skeletal hyphae possessing simple

septa (Maas Geesteranus 1967) but otherwise morphologically unadorned at

the microscopic level. Corner (1987), however, proposed monomitic Polyporus

cervinogilvus Jungh. as “Flavodon cervinogilvus” (Jungh.) Corner (an invalid

278 ... Simmons & al.

name, lacking a basionym reference), thus opening interpretation of Flavodon

to include monomitic and dimitic hyphal systems.

Flavodon is not uncommon in southern Asia from Pakistan to the Philippines

(Maas Geesteranus 1967, Ryvarden & Johansen 1980, Corner 1987), tropical

Africa to South Africa (Maas Geesteranus 1967, Ryvarden & Johansen 1980),

and Australia (Ryvarden & Johansen 1980). Irpex flavus (the type species of

Flavodon) was described from a North American specimen (Klotzsch 1833),

but Ryvarden (1973) speculated that this locality might be a mislabeling error,

perhaps from Mauritius (Indian Ocean). Gilbertson & Adaskaveg (1993)

provided the first record of “FE. cervinogilvus” in the United States from trees on

the eastern coast of the Island of Hawai‘i, and since then Miettinen et al. (2012)

molecularly characterized a culture of F flavus from Jamaica and placed the

species alongside Irpex lacteus (Fr.) Fr. (Fries 1828), which is in the phlebioid

clade of the Polyporales (Binder et al. 2013).

As part of an investigation into the mycosymbionts of Ambrosiodmus

ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini) in Florida,

USA, Li et al. (2015) isolated fungi from mycangia of A. lecontei Hopkins,

A. minor (Stebbing), and A. rubricollis (Eichhoff) from both stages of the

ambrosia fungal life cycle: from the beetle mycangia as well as from their

fungal gardens. To identify the fungi, Li et al. (2015) obtained ribosomal

DNA (rDNA) sequences from both cultured isolates and culture-independent

analyses of beetle mycangia, and these rDNA sequences identified the beetle

mycosymbiont that dominated the mycangial fungal community as a relative

of Flavodon flavus, as characterized by Miettinen et al. (2012). Additionally,

microscopic examination of the fungus in culture and in situ in mycangia

(Li et al. 2015) revealed hyphae with simple septa similar to those of the

Flavodon type species, F. flavus, but no reproductive structures were observed.

Molecular and microscopic analyses indicated that this new fungus is a stable

symbiont with Ambrosiodmus species and is horizontally transported from one

generation to the next to act as a nutrient source via growth in the beetles’ natal

galleries in woody substrates. However, the two known Flavodon species have

been observed only as saprophytic and free-living. Our new fungus, the first

basidiomycetous mutualistic symbiont of ambrosia beetles, is proposed here as

Flavodon ambrosius.

Materials & methods

Morphology of fungal cultures

Culture Hulcr 6853 from Ambrosiodmus minor was selected from analysis of Li et

al. (2015) for morphological examination and typification. Subcultures were inoculated

onto fresh BD Difco™ potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium, which was strengthened with

Flavodon ambrosius sp. nov. (U.S.A.) ... 279

additional agar (5 g/L). Petri dishes (100 x 15 mm) of inoculated media were incubated at

25 °C until biomass had extended from the inoculation site to the edge of the dish (~4-5

d). Hyphae and arthroconidia were aseptically removed from the agar dishes, examined

on glass slides, and photographed with an Olympus BX53F microscope equipped with

phase optics and a ProgRes® SpeedXT core 3 camera (Jenoptik Optical Systems) using

ProgRes® CapturePro 2.8.8. Aseptate arthroconidia (n = 20) were measured from which

means (+ standard deviations) were calculated.

Molecular phylogenetic analyses

We selected 28S rDNA sequences from Miettinen et al. (2012) that corresponded to

the “Byssomerulius family’, which included Flavodon flavus and related taxa. We aligned

these sequences with those from cultured and culture-independent Ambrosiodmus-

associated fungi (Li et al. 2015) using default settings in Geneious version 7.1.8

(http://www.geneious.com, Kearse et al. 2012). We used the Akaike information

criterion (AIC) in jModeltest 0.1.1 (Guindon & Gascuel 2003, Posada 2008) to select

the appropriate nucleotide substitution model. We conducted a maximum likelihood

(ML) phylogenetic analysis with the model parameters in GARLI 2.01 (Zwickl 2006)

to determine the best tree topology. We calculated bootstrap support values in GARLI

from 100 search replicates, which we summarized with SumTrees (Sukumaran & Holder

2010). We conducted Bayesian phylogenetic analysis with the same parameters in

MrBayes 3.1.2 (Ronquist & Huelsenbeck 2003), in which two runs of four chains each

were executed simultaneously for 1M generations, sampling every 100 generations. We

summarized 7501 trees retained after a burn-in of 2500 trees in SumTrees to compute

Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP).

Taxonomy

Flavodon ambrosius D.R. Simmons, You Li, C.C. Bateman & Hulcr, sp. nov. Fic. 1

MycoBank MB 813875

Differs from other Flavodon species by participating in a mutualistic symbiosis with

ambrosia beetles and by the formation of arthroconidia from vegetative hyphae in pure

culture on agar medium.

Type — USA, Florida, Alachua County, Gainesville, 29°37'16”N 82°22’32”W), extracted

from preoral mycangia of Ambrosiodmus minor caught by light-trapping, 12 Nov

2014, Hulcr 6853 (Holotype, BPI 893213; ex-type culture, ATCC TSD-21; GenBank

KR119072, KR119075, KR119078).

EtyMoLoGy — ambrosius (Lat.): referring to the symbiotic relationship of this fungus

with an ambrosia beetle genus.

CoLonigs on PDA white, yellowing with age; mycelium along surface of agar

projected aerially, cottony, irregular at margins; hyphae monomitic with simple

septa, hyaline, smooth, with narrow hyphae (3-4.5 um wide) branching from

wide hyphae (7-8 um wide). ARTHROCONIDIA hyaline; cylindrical, aseptate

(but may appear septate due to incomplete fragmentation), either (2.9-)

5.1-9.5(-12.7) um long (produced by narrow hyphae) or (4.4—)5.2-8.4(-10.2)

280 ... Simmons & al.

uum long (produced by wide hyphae). Sexual morph not observed. Associated

with ambrosia beetles of tribe Xyleborini.

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED FOR SEQUENCE DATA — USA, Fioripa, Alachua

County, Gainesville, 29°37'16”N 82°22’32’W, extracted from preoral mycangia of

Ambrosiodmus lecontei inhabiting moribund wood of Myrica cerifera, 12 Nov 2014, Hulcr

6860 (GenBank KR119074, KR119077, KR119080); Hulcr 6855 (GenBank KR119073,

KR119076, KR119079); extracted from preoral mycangia of A. Jecontei inhabiting

moribund wood of Myrica cerifera, 1 May 2015, Hulcr 7324 (GenBank KR871005); from

fungal garden of A. minor in Platanus occidentalis, 30 Apr 2015, Hulcr 7346 (GenBank

KR871006); extracted from preoral mycangia of A. rubricollis inhabiting moribund

wood of Liquidambar styraciflua, 1 May 2015, Hulcr 7353 (GenBank KR871007);

Hulcr 7354 (GenBank KR871008); from fungal garden of A. rubricollis in Liquidambar

styraciflua, 1 May 2015, Hulcr 7373 (GenBank KR871009).

Discussion

Li et al. (2015) described the hyphal system of Flavodon ambrosius as dimitic

based on hyphal size variation, leading to the assumption that narrow hyphae

represented generative mycelial tissue and wider hyphae represented skeletal

mycelial tissue. However, true thick-walled skeletal hyphae were not observed

by Li et al. (2015) nor in this study, and our observations of arthroconidial

production from both hyphal size classes would classify the mycelium of

F. ambrosius as generative and therefore monomitic. With the description of

“E. cervinogilvus” (Corner 1987), Flavodon was opened to the inclusion of

monomitic taxa (although Ryvarden (1973) placed Polyporus cervinogilvus in

Oxyporus). Another monomitic species previously placed in Oxyporus is Emmia

latemarginata (Durieu & Mont.) Zmitr. et al. (Zmitrovich et al. 2006), which

also produces arthroconidia (Stalpers 1978). Molecular phylogenies of nuclear

ITS and 28S rDNA (Zmitrovich & Malysheva 2014) place E. latemarginata in

a monophyly with EF flavus, although inclusion of this taxon in our 28S rDNA

data set led to its placement in a polytomy with E flavus and I. lacteus, with

E flavus on the shortest branch from the node (data not shown). Emmia Zmitr.

et al. was described to accommodate Polyporus latemarginatus Durieu & Mont.

[= Oxyporus latemarginatus (Durieu & Mont.) Donk (Donk 1966)] based

primarily on its phylogenetic distance from other Oxyporus species, but we

Figure 1. Flavodon ambrosius on PDA medium grown at 25 °C (micrographs taken with phase

contrast optics unless otherwise noted): A. cottony, white aerial mycelia above hyaline mycelia

in agar radiating from inoculum plug at center of Petri dish (100 mm in diameter); B. dominant

type of arthroconidia (<5 um in diameter), produced from fragmentation of small hyphae;

C. small hyphae extending laterally from large, supporting hyphae with simple septum (arrowhead)

lacking clamp connection; D. chain of larger arthroconidia (>5 um in diameter) produced from

fragmentation of larger, supportive hyphae.

Flavodon ambrosius sp. nov. (U.S.A.) ... 281

282 ... Simmons & al.

KR871008

KR871009

KR871005

KR871006

KR119077 Flavodon ambrosius

KR871007

KR119076

MiSeq OTU

(Li et al. 2015)

KR119075

8A Flavodon flavus JN710543

100

Irpex lacteus JN710547

Trametopsis cervina AY855907

Antrodiella brasiliensis JN710510

Ceriporia viridans AF393049 0.003

FiGuRE 2. Best ML tree from GARLI analysis of 28S rDNA dataset of Flavodon and associated taxa,

with binomials and GenBank accession numbers; trees from analyses were rooted with Ceriporia

viridans sequence data. Values above branches represent ML bootstrap percentages >70% for that

node from a summary of 100 replicates, and values below branches represent BPP for that node.

believe this species, along with the arthroconidia-producing F. ambrosius, is

more appropriately placed in the molecularly defined, morphologically diverse

Flavodon, which has priority over Emmia. For these reasons we describe our

new taxon, F. ambrosius, in Flavodon, as suggested by Li et al. (2015).

Our 28S rDNA phylogeny (Fic. 2) places Flavodon ambrosius in a

paraphyletic group with F. flavus. In their phylogenetic analysis of Polyporales,

which included data from ribosomal and protein-coding DNA, Miettinen et

al. (2012) placed Flavodon flavus in a lineage with Irpex lacteus. The authors

contended that their evidence supported the separation of I. lacteus and

Flavodon ambrosius sp. nov. (U.S.A.) ... 283

certain morphologically similar taxa, but they did not specifically address

F. flavus. Indeed, their morphological generalization of I. lacteus (i.e.,

hymenium irregularly poroid when young and lacking clamp connections at

septa) was very similar to that of F flavus. However, the nuclear ITS rDNA

sequences obtained from FE ambrosius better match EF flavus (90-91%) over

I. lacteus (~88%) as both are presented by Miettinen et al. (2012). Therefore, we

are confident in our placement of this new species in Flavodon until such time

that more evidence justifies its reclassification within a different genus, either

described or new.

Li et al. (2015) used Ilumina MiSeq® culture-independent sequencing of

28S rDNA to assess the fungal community in Ambrosiodmus minor mycangia,

while fungal isolations were made at the same locality and time. Li et al. (2015)

found a single dominant operational taxonomic unit (OTU) comprising

94% of the resulting sequence reads after the removal of non-fungal and low

frequency (<1%) reads. A BLAST query of the dominant OTU in GenBank

produced 26 accessions with 99% identity similarity, indicative of the difficulty

in differentiating polyporalean taxa using universal molecular markers (Binder

et al. 2013). In particular, two Flavodon flavus accessions, including JN710543

(Miettinen et al. 2012) used by Li et al. (2015) for phylogenetic analyses,

were among this set of 99% similar taxa. We included the MiSeq OTU in our

phylogeny (Fic. 2), and it was placed in a polytomy with all other E ambrosius

isolates, even though it was on a longer branch, reflecting two polymorphic

nucleotides. We conclude that the cultured E ambrosius isolates from the fungus

gardens in wood as well as from Ambrosiodmus mycangia represent the same

species as the dominant OTU in A. minor mycangia detected by community

meta-barcoding.

The variation of hyphal diameter between the mycangial fungi observed

by Li et al. (2015) in Ambrosiodmus lecontei and cultured F. ambrosius may

be explained by differing nutrient sources (the limited habitats selected by the

beetle vs. the rich PDA medium) and by desiccation and processing during

the fixation of the beetle heads for histological observations. Pure E ambrosius

cultures produced aerial hyphae, from which the arthroconidia were derived,

that have similar dimensions to the fragmented reproductive propagules

(“oidia’) described by Tagaki (1967) from A. rubricollis galleries. Whether

Tagaki observed F. ambrosius associated with native A. rubricollis remains a

topic of investigation, and molecular analyses of pure fungal cultures from

Japanese A. rubricollis individuals and galleries could indicate an international

dispersal of E ambrosius.

284 ... Simmons & al.

Acknowledgments

This research was funded by USDA-FS-SRS Coop agreement 14-CA-11330130-032,

USDA-FS-FHP Coop agreement 12-CA-11420004-042, USDA Farm Bill agreement

14-8130-0377-CA, NSF DEB 1256968, and a University of Florida Opportunity

Seed fund. We thank A. Justo and D. Floudas at Clark University for discussions

on the phylogeny and taxonomy of polyporalean fungi. We thank K.D. Klepzig and

M. Kolarik for reviewing this manuscript, and S.R. Pennycook for invaluable assistance

and suggestions on this work.

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MY COTAXON

April-June 2016— Volume 131, pp. 287-290

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/131.287

Atrosynnema, a new hyphomycete from dead branches

in China

JI-WEN X1A, YING-Ru1 Ma, JIAN-MEI Gao, XIU-GUO ZHANG & ZHUANG LI

Department of Plant Pathology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China

*CORRESPONDENCE TO: sdau613@163.com, liz552@126.com

ABSTRACT — Atrosynnema digitosporum gen. & sp. nov., collected on dead branches in

Hainan Province, China, is described and illustrated. It has black synnematous conidiomata,

integrated unbranched conidiophores, and monoblastic conidiogenous cells that produce

brown, obclavate, dictyoseptate, rostrate conidia often with a mucilaginous cap around the

apex.

KEY worps — conidial fungi, taxonomy

Introduction

Many new genera or species of saprobic darkly pigmented hyphomycetes

continue to be discovered (e.g., Castafteda Ruiz et al. 2009, 2012, Cruz et al.

2012, Ma et al. 2014, Xia et al. 2014a,b). Hainan Province is considered an

important reservoir of biodiversity, but its mycobiota is poorly known. We

collected a fungus from dead branches that showed clear differences from all

previously described asexual genera and is therefore described herein as a new

genus (Ellis 1971, 1976; Subramanian 1971; Matsushima 1975, 1983, 1985,

1989, 1993, 1995; Carmichael et al. 1980; Castafieda-Ruiz 1986; Castafieda-

Ruiz & Kendrick 1990a, b, 1991; Wu & Zhuang 2005; Seifert et al. 2011).

Samples were processed, examined and photographed following the

methods described in Xia et al. (2014a). Adobe Photoshop 7.0 was used to

process photographs into compound images and to modify backgrounds for

esthetic reasons. Attempts were made to culture the species from single spores,

but they did not germinate. Specimens are deposited in the Herbarium of the

Department of Plant Pathology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian,

288 ... Xia & al.

China (HSAUP), and Mycological Herbarium, Institute of Microbiology,

Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (HMAS).

Atrosynnema J.W. Xia, X.G. Zhang & Z. Li, gen. nov.

MycoBAnk MB 816966

Differs from Dictyospiropes by synnematous conidiomata and monoblastic

conidiogenous cells.

TYPE SPECIES: Atrosynnema digitosporum J.W. Xia et al.

EryMoLoGy: atro- black, dark color; -synnema referring to the synnematous

conidiomata.

ASEXUAL FUNGUS. COLONIES on the natural substrate effuse, brown.

Mycelium immersed and superficial, of branched, septate, brown, smooth

hyphae. CoNIDIOMATA synnematous, unbranched, erect, with black stipes.

CONIDIOPHORES integrated, erect, unbranched, septate, black. CONIDIOGENOUS

CELLS monoblastic, integrated, black. Conidial secession schizolytic, with broad

scars. CONIDIA solitary, dry, brown, smooth, dictyoseptate, obclavate, rostrate.

Atrosynnema digitosporum J.W. Xia, X.G. Zhang & Z. Li, sp. nov. FIG. 1

MycoBank MB 816967

Differs from Dictyospiropes ziziphi by synnematous conidiomata and monoblastic

conidiogenous cells, producing smaller conidia with apexes often surrounded by a

globose mucilaginous cap.

Type: China, Hainan Province: Wuzhishan, dead branches of unidentified broadleaf

tree, 22 Apr. 2015, J.W. Xia (Holotype, HSAUP H6651; isotype, HMAS 245596).

Erymo ocy: digito- finger-like rows or branches;, -sporum referring to the conidia.

CoLonigs on the natural substrate effuse, brown. Mycelium immersed and

superficial, of branched, septate, brown, smooth, 2-4 um wide hyphae.

CONIDIOMATA synnematous, unbranched, erect, black, up to 350 um long, up to

65 um wide in the broadest part. CONIDIOPHORES integrated, erect, unbranched,

septate, black, 6-10 um wide. CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS monoblastic, cylindrical,

integrated, black. Conidial secession schizolytic. Conrp1 solitary, dry, brown,

smooth, dictyoseptate, obclavate, rostrate, 65-80 x 12-15.5 um, apex often

surrounded by a globose mucilaginous tunica.

COMMENTS - Atrosynnema resembles Dictyospiropes M.B. Ellis, but

Dictyospiropes species have individual, polyblastic conidiogenous cells that

produce obclavate, dictyosporous conidia without mucilaginous apexes (Ellis

1976).

In conidial shape, A. digitosporum is most similar to Dictyospiropes ziziphi

M.B. Ellis, but the conidia of D. ziziphi are larger, up to 140 um long and 23 um

wide in the broadest part (Ellis 1976).

Atrosynnema digitosporum gen. & sp. nov . (China) ... 289

Fic. 1. Atrosynnema digitosporum. (ex holotype, HSAUP H6651): A. synnema,

conidiophores, conidiogenous cells, and conidia; B. conidia.

Acknowledgments

The authors express gratitude to Dr. Bryce Kendrick and Dr. Rafael F. Castaneda-

Ruiz for serving as pre-submission reviewers and for their valuable comments and

suggestions. This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of

China (Nos. 31093440, 31230001) and the Ministry of Science and Technology of the

People’s Republic of China (Nos. 2006FY120100).

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accommodate Sopagraha elegans and two new species, Ph. callisporum and Ph. joseiturriagae.

Mycotaxon 109: 221-232. http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/109.221

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103-111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0029-5035/2013/0145

MYCOTAXON

April-June 2016— Volume 131, pp. 291-295

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/131.291

Two new species of Bactrodesmium and Dictyoaquaphila

from Mexico

Rosa MARIA ARIAS’, GABRIELA HEREDIA!*

& RAFAEL F. CASTANEDA-RUIZ?

"Instituto de Ecologia A.C., Carretera antigua a Coatepec 351,

Congregacion El Haya, 91070 Xalapa, Veracruz, México

?Instituto de Investigaciones Fundamentales en Agricultura Tropical ‘Alejandro de Humboldt’

(INIFAT), Académico Titular de la Academia de Ciencias de Cuba,

Calle 1 Esq. 2, Santiago de Las Vegas, C. Habana, Cuba, C.P. 17200

*CORRESPONDENCE TO: rosy.arias@inecol.mx

ABSTRACT—Bactrodesmium simile sp. nov. and Dictyoaquaphila unisetulata sp. nov.,

collected on decaying plant material, are described and illustrated. Bactrodesmium

simile is distinguished by broadly pyriform, obovoid to globose or somewhat turbinate,

1-septate, golden brown conidia. Dictyoaquaphila unisetulata is characterized by ellipsoidal

or subglobose, pale gray-brown or pale olivaceous brown separating cells and solitary

acrogenous, fusiform, broad fusiform or navicular, dictyoseptate, dark brown conidia, with a

cellular, filiform, hyaline apical appendage.

KEY wWoRDS—asexual fungi, systematics, tropical fungi

Introduction

Saprobic dematiaceous hyphomycetes are highly diverse on plant material

in tropical forests, where many new genera and species have recently been

discovered (e.g., Castafieda-Ruiz et al. 2009, 2012; Heredia et al. 2013, 2014;

Zhang et al. 2009, 2011). During a mycological survey of fungi associated with

decaying plant materials in a Mexican cloud forest, two interesting dematiaceous

hyphomycetes were collected and showed remarkable differences from all

previously described Bactrodesmium and Dictyoaquaphila species. These two

fungi are therefore described here as new to science.

292 ... Arias, Heredia & Castafieda-Ruiz

Materials & methods

Samples of litter were placed in paper and plastic bags, taken to the laboratory,

and prepared according to Castafeda-Ruiz (2005). Mounts were prepared in PVL

(polyvinyl alcohol and lactic acid) and measurements were made at a magnification of

1000. Micrographs were obtained with a Nikon Eclipse 80i microscope equipped with

bright field and Nomarski interference optics. The type specimens are deposited in the

Herbarium of Instituto de Ecologia A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico (XAL).

Taxonomy

Bactrodesmium simile R.M. Arias, Heredia & R.E. Castafieda, sp. nov. Fic. 1A, B

MycoBAnk MB 808325

Differs from Bactrodesmium novae-geronense by its bigger conidia.

Type: Mexico, Veracruz State, Xalapa city, Parque Francisco Javier Clavijero, 19°30’N

96°56'W, on decaying twigs, 12 September 2011, coll. R.M. Arias (Holotype, XAL

CB1689).

EryMo_oey: Latin, simile, referring to its similarity to Bactrodesmium novae-geronense.

CONIDIOMATA on the natural substrate, sporodochial, scattered, pulvinate or

punctiform, golden olivaceous-brown. Mycelium superficial and immersed

composed of septate, branched, subhyaline to very pale brown, smooth hyphae,

1-3.5 um diam hyphae. ConrpropHores undifferentiated, mostly reduced

to conidiogenous cells. CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS monoblastic, integrated or

discrete, determinate, cylindrical, straight or prostrate, very pale brown, 12.5-29

x 2-5 um. Conidial secession rhexolytic. Conrp1< solitary, acrogenous, broadly

pyriform, obovoid to globose or somewhat turbinate, 1-septate, smooth, golden

brown to pale olivaceous-brown, 19-24 x 12-16 um, asymmetrical, with a

cuneiform, 7.5-11 x 5-8.5 um basal cell, and a hemispherical, 12-16 x12-16

um apical cell, with markedly guttulate, dark cell lumina.

ADDITIONAL SPECIMEN EXAMINED: MEXICO, VERACRUZ STATE, Acatlan, Volcan de

Acatlan, 19°40’N 96°51’W, on decaying twigs, 28 September 2011, coll. R.M. Arias (XAL

CB1690).

NoTE: Forty-four species have been accepted in Bactrodesmium (Hernandez-

Restrepo et al. 2013); only B. novae-geronense R.E. Castaneda is similar to

B. simile, from which it differs by its smaller conidia (8-13 x 7-10 um

Castaneda-Ruiz, 1985).

Dictyoaquaphila unisetulata R.M. Arias, Heredia & R.F. Castafieda, sp. nov.

MycoBank MB 808327 Fic. 1c-E

Differs from Dictyoaquaphila appendiculata by its broad fusiform to navicular conidia,

with a smaller cellular, filiform apical appendage.

Bactrodesmium & Dictyoaquaphila spp. nov. (Mexico) ... 293

Fic. 1. Bactrodesmium simile (ex holotype, XAL CB1689, XAL CB1690): A. conidia;

B. conidiogenous cell and conidia. Dictyoaquaphila unisetulata (ex holotype, XAL CB1688):

C. conidia; D. separating cells and conidia; E. conidiophores, conidiogenous cells, and

separating cell. Scale bars: A, C-E = 10 um; B = 15 um.

294 ... Arias, Heredia & Castafieda-Ruiz

Type: Mexico, Veracruz State, Soteapan city, Volcano Santa Marta, 18°20’N 94°53’W, on

rotten wood, 6 August 2011, coll. G. Heredia (Holotype, XAL CB1688).

ErymMo_oey: Latin, uni-, meaning one, + -setulata, referring to the apical appendage.

CoLonigs on the natural substrate effuse, granulose, dark brown to black.

Mycelium immersed, composed of septate, slightly branched, pale brown,

smooth, hyphae, 1-2 um diam. ConrpiopHores distinct, single, erect or

prostrate, straight or slightly sinuate, 1-2-septate, pale brown, smooth, 15-30 x

3-5 um, occasionally reduced to conidiogenous cells. CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS

mono- and polyblastic, cylindrical, sometimes inflated, integrated or discrete,

determinate, smooth, brown to pale brown, 4-7 x 2-4 um. SEPARATING CELLS

ellipsoidal or subglobose, pale gray-brown or pale olivaceous-brown, smooth,

6-8 x 3-5 um. Conidial secession schizolytic. Conrp1A solitary, acrogenous,

dictyoseptate, euseptate, broad fusiform, navicular, subcylindrical-truncate

basal cell and obtuse or rounded apical cell, 26-30 x 12.5-16 um, variegated,

dark brown at the middle cells, brown to pale brown near the end cells and

subhyaline or pale brown at the end cells, smooth, with a cellular, filiform,

hyaline, apical appendage, 6-19 um long.

Norte: Monteiro et al. (2016) established the genus Dictyoaquaphila typified

by D. appendiculata Monteiro et al. The genus is characterized by mono-

and polyblastic, cylindrical, integrated or discrete, terminal, determinate or

sympodial elongated conidiogenous cells, with swollen, fusiform, ellipsoidal

or shortly clavate, brown or dark brown separating cells. The conidia are

solitary, acrogenous, euseptate, dictyoseptate, fusiform to obclavate, brown to

dark brown and paler at the ends, with several divergent, filiform or narrow

cylindrical, hyaline appendages at the ends. Dictyoaquaphila appendiculata

differs from D. unisetulata by its conidia being broad ellipsoid-fusiform to

prolate subglobose, 37-45 x 17-27 um, with 0-3 divergent, filiform or narrow

cylindrical, hyaline apical appendages, 20-42 x 1-1.5 um and sometimes 0-2

(-3) divergent, filiform or narrow cylindrical, hyaline basal appendages, 20-35

x 1-1.5 um (Monteiro et al. 2016).

Acknowledgments

The authors express their sincere gratitude to Dr. Xiu Guo Zhang and Dr. De-

Wei Li for their critical review of the manuscript. This study was supported by the

National commission for the Knowledge and Use of Biodiversity, Mexico (CONABIO/

TE004 project) and the Instituto de Ecologia A.C., Mexico. RFCR is grateful to

the Cuban Ministry of Agriculture and “Programa de Salud Animal y Vegetal”

(project P131LH003033 Cuban Ministry of Agriculture) for facilities. We acknowledge

the assistance provided by Dr. P.M. Kirk and Drs. V. Robert and G. Stegehuis through

Bactrodesmium & Dictyoaquaphila spp. nov. (Mexico) ... 295

the Index Fungorum and MycoBank websites. Dr. Lorelei Norvell’s editorial and

Dr. Shaun Pennycook’s nomenclatural reviews are greatly appreciated.

Literature cited

Castaneda-Ruiz RF. 1985. Deuteromycotina de Cuba. Hyphomycetes. Instituto de Investigaciones

Fundamentales en Agricultura Tropical, Cuba. 23 p.

Castafeda-Ruiz RE 2005. Metodologia en el estudio de los hongos anamorfos. 182-183, in: Anais

do V Congresso Latino Americano de Micologia. Brasilia.

Castafeda-Ruiz RF, Gusmao LFP, da Cruz RAC, Heredia Abarca G, Iturriaga T, Guarro J, Saikawa

M, Stadler M, Minter DW. 2009. Phaeocandelabrum, a new genus of anamorphic fungi to

accommodate Sopagraha elegans and two new species, Ph. callisporum and Ph. joseiturriagae.

Mycotaxon 109: 221-232. http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/109.221

Castaneda-Ruiz RF, Heredia G, Arias RMM, Stadler M, Saikawa M, McKenzie EHC. 2012. Two new

fungi from Mexico: Anaseptoidium gen. nov. and Cylindrosympodium sosae sp. nov. Mycotaxon

119: 141-148. http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/119.141

Heredia G, Castafeda-Ruiz RF, Arias RMM, Gamboa-Angulo M. 2013. Minteriella cenotigena

anam. gen. & sp. nov. from submerged plant material in Mexico. Mycological Progress

12: 271-275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11557-012-0831-0

Heredia G, Arias RMM, Castafieda-Ruiz RF, Minter DW. 2014. New species of Lobatopedis and

Minimelanolocus (anamorphic fungi) from a Mexican cloud forest. Nova Hedwigia 98: 31-40.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0029-5035/2013/0146

Hernandez-Restrepo M, Mena-Portales J, Gené J, Cano J, Guarro J. 2013. New Bactrodesmiastrum

and Bactrodesmium from decaying wood in Spain. Mycologia 105: 172-180.

http://dx.doi.org/10.3852/12-004

Monteiro JS, Concei¢ao LB, Marques MFO, Gusmao LFP, Castafieda-Ruiz RF. 2016. Dyctyoaquaphila

appendiculata gen. & sp. nov. from submerged wood from Brazil. Mycotaxon 31(1): 177-183.

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/131.177

Zhang K, Ma LG, Zhang XG. 2009. New species and records of Shrungabeeja from southern China.

Mycologia 101(4): 573-578. http://dx.doi.org/10.3852/09-006

Zhang YD, Ma J, Wang Y, Ma LG, Castafieda-Ruiz RF, Zhang XG. 2011. New species and

record of Pseudoacrodictys from southern China. Mycological Progress 10: 261-265.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11557-010-0696-z

MYCOTAXON

April-June 2016—Volume 131, pp. 297-304

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/131.297

Linkosia aquatica sp. nov. from submerged plant debris

from Brazil

Lucas B. CONCEICAO', MARCOS FABIO OLIVEIRA MARQUES’,

Luis FERNANDO PASCHOLATI GUSMAO? , JOSIANE SANTANA MONTEIRO?

& RAFAEL E CASTANEDA-RUIZ?3

"Universidade do Estado da Bahia,

Rodovia Lomanto Jr., BR407 Km 127, 48970-000, Senhor do Bonfim, Brazil

? Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana,

Avenida Transnordestina, s/n, Novo Horizonte, 44036-900, Feira de Santana, Brazil

* Instituto de Investigaciones Fundamentales en Agricultura Alejandro de Humboldt’ (INIFAT),

Calle 1 Esq. 2, C.P. 17200, Santiago de Las Vegas, C. Habana, Cuba

“ CORRESPONDENCE TO: Igusmao@uefs. br

ABSTRACT — A new species, Linkosia aquatica, found on a submerged decaying twig

in a stream, is described and illustrated. It is characterized by cylindrical, slightly clavate,

sometimes filiform conidia that are 8-21-septate with a distinctly subclavate pale brown

apical cell. A key to all Linkosia species and illustrations of their conidia are provided.

Key worps — hyphomycetes, freshwater, taxonomy

Introduction

Linkosia A. Hern-Gut. & B. Sutton, typified by L. coccothrinacis (A. Hern-

Gut. & J. Mena) A. Hern-Gut. & B. Sutton, is distinguished by conidiophores

reduced to a monoblastic, lageniform, subulate to subcylindrical, determinate

conidiogenous cell and solitary, obclavate to cylindrical or clavate, sometimes

rostrate, distoseptate, pale brown or brown conidia (Hernandez-Gutiérrez &

Sutton 1997). Since the genus was established, ten additional Linkosia species

have been either described as new or transferred from Sporidesmium and

Janetia (Almeida et al. 2014, Castafteda-Ruiz et al. 2000, Delgado 2014, Ma et

al. 2011, Wu & Zhuang 2005, Zhang et al. 2009).

298 ... Conceicado & al.

During research on hyphomycetes occurring on submerged decaying plant

debris, a unique specimen of Linkosia was found, which is described here as

new. A key to the eleven accepted Linkosia species is presented, based on their

conidial morphology.

Materials & methods

Samples of submerged plant materials in freshwater from Serra da Fumaga, Bahia,

Brazil, were placed in plastic bags. The materials were washed in tap water and placed on

moist filter paper in glass Petri dishes (100 mm diam.). The dishes were then placed in

coolers (150 L capacity), filled with 200 mL sterile water and 2 mL glycerol, and incubated

at room temperature (Castafieda-Ruiz et al. 2016). The plant material was examined at

regular intervals over a month of incubation for the presence of microfungi. Mounts

were prepared in PVL (polyvinyl alcohol and lactic acid) and measurements were taken

at x1000. Microphotographs were made using a BX51 Olympus microscope equipped

with bright field and Nomarski interference optics and a DP25 Olympus digital camera.

The specimens were deposited in the Herbarium of Universidade Estadual de Feira de

Santana, Bahia, Brazil (HUEFS).

Taxonomy

Linkosia aquatica L.B. Conc., M.F.O. Marques & R.F. Castafieda sp. nov. FIG 1

MycoBAank MB 815293

Differs from Linkosia multisepta by its cylindrical, slightly clavate, sometimes filiform,

mostly 8-21-septate, straight conidia.

Type: Brazil, Bahia State: Pindobacu, Serra da Fumaca, Riancho das Neves, 10°74’S

40°36’W, on submerged decaying twig of an unidentified plant in a stream, 7.X1I.2014;

coll. L.B. Conceicao (Holotype: HUEFS 216022).

EryMo_oey: Latin, aquatica, refers to its growing in water.

Cotonigs on the natural substrate effuse, hairy, brown. Mycelium mostly

superficial. Hyphae slightly branched, smooth, pale brown to black, 2-4

um wide. CONIDIOPHORES absent. CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS monoblastic,

determinate, lageniform, subulate to subcylindrical, dark brown or black,

smooth, 12-18 x 5-6 um. Conidial secession schizolytic. Conrp1a solitary,

acrogenous, straight, cylindrical, slightly clavate, sometimes filiform, conical

truncate at the basal cell, slightly inflated at the apical cell, 8-21-distoseptate,

smooth, dry, versicolored with the basal cells brown to dark brown, the middle

cells brown, and cells toward the apex pale brown; overall 50-240(-330) x 4-5

um with a 4-5 um long basal cell and 10-13 x 4-5 um apical cell.

Note: Linkosia aquatica is superficially similar to L. multisepta W.P. Wu, which

differs by its conidia that are obclavate to obclavate-rostrate, 27—-30-distoseptate,

straight or slightly curved, pale brown to brown, and 300-380 x 12-14 um (Wu

& Zhuang 2005, as “multiseptum”).

Linkosia aquatica sp. nov. (Brazil) ... 299

WVU

(

Fic. 1. Linkosia aquatica (holotype, HUEFS 216022): A-G. conidiogenous cells and conidia; H-K.

conidia. Scale bars = 10 um.

300 ... Conceicao & al.

Key to Linkosia species (Fics. 1-4)

1. Conidia with an apical appendage, navicular, 5-6-distoseptate,

28-42 x 9-13 um (appendage excluded),

appeindave Sel? wun lie EL eel chess hora teathiae i peae hie aaeee pri teed od L. ponapensis

LsConidiaswithout apical dappenaa sec. 5 ut fees ca Pap cree pe ecerge gp ene pacers woe eee oe x 2

Ze ROMER TOSUPALE 15.41 < Wirz. 8 a We rea a et ree Nga tl oe Riya Wo testa We brs Biya te Pree a ts gree tea Ha dese <b bred ath Pee 3

DMC ONTAEAMIOBEOS Eales. corso perso Gers Gad borat berth | Gets sete SUM cute 9

3. Conidia 4-7-distoseptate, narrowly obclavate to obclavate rostrate,

AS AL BOC PBT 5p Me a Mt a Pt a i ree pa be et L. coccothrinacis

SOMA TIO EAS ADVE? A eka Rana RS at A tae OMe ON Ae eee eto Ae =

AM GOnidia. GEBsSeplAlen. Nereus Letrd hs shutdk ears mbes able meals mb ies ep ies ab ees ee 5

4, Conidia sometimes >18-distoseptate ......... 0... cece eee eee ee eens 6

5. Conidia 12-14-distoseptate, obclavate to obclavate-rostrate,

NEO = 125 S691 DMI. 2 seus de dm Siew bowls bets mba snows abel L. obclavata

5. Conidia 9-18-distoseptate, narrowly obclavate to long obclavate rostrate,

CS H=jOT 158 AZ) XK G25 ol PT al wo ga Phos eed Coots L. longirostrata

6. -Conidia-sometiines:>20-distosepitates 7h sae: Wecu's nbars ape smp-dsnb-ubs.nbeeen es 7

6. Conidia 15-20-distoseptate, obclavate to obclavate-rostrate,

TQO=160- 61315 eg ee os oe oly a ose oe W piv oS aes L. fusiformis

PRCONI ia 28 <GIStOSePEALC! forge et orth ge BEE tpi tp Ota h presse pital grid 8

7. Conidia 27-30-distoseptate, obclavate to obclavate-rostrate,

S00 S805 DPE Gi awe sstee ebay ck seisak ote bye a ilad ahs L. multisepta

8 Conidia 15-21-distoseptate, obclavate to obclavate-rostrate,

P22 SAF 2 1G: LL ek rete a eta aioe A ae A eee ANG: Rea ae L. mori

8. Conidia 16-21-distoseptate, obclavate to obclavate-rostrate,

NGUS210 267 SO SHMY, boca tee e Ae ey hee ene EN ge tee EN ES AER L. hibisci

QUITO MTG TA CTOO We 08 Sete ue tate om Fata bee aids tae Caen Ses Pe Re Be KR, ER cee 10

9 Conidia Verruculose wis x scewse wane Keane An eR AN en a lene eh Mn Y Sue ey ve 1)

10. Conidia bacilliform, attenuated at the ends, 5-9-distoseptate,

QOD GE SIN Bt As a pO Bet SON Ee ROR BeBe y L. bacilliformis

10. Conidia cylindrical, slightly clavate, sometimes filiform, 16-21-distoseptate,

SO =24O (3 30 GAS) Ns ok ane 20s i eee dae beara ath bed a bred abe bral atti brads L. aquatica

11. Conidia pyriform or obpyriform to cylindrical 1-7-distoseptate,

BOSS F OD Os US aso ag Dt aoe ed th nh 8 tga oh ace gh atih Ass. age aD ge gh L. canescens

11. Conidia pyriform or obpyriform, 4—-6-distoseptate, 31-37 x 7-8 um .... L. refugia

Linkosia aquatica sp. nov. (Brazil) ... 301

Fic. 2. Conidia of Linkosia spp.:

A. L. bacilliformis (Gamundi et al. 1979); B. L. canescens (Sutton & Pascoe 1988);

C. L. coccothrinacis (Hernandez-Gutiérrez & Sutton 1997); D. L. fusiformis (Wu & Zhuang 2005).

Scale bars = 10 um.

La a GI ALG EE IIIT LION GLO ~

ae ID AD UBS | SD & 2 lon

ae Ad 6X. Aine 08 OO einige oe == tant partrrsys, an se

nh Og pn pas peg pn

2A ae RE alt me IO

302 ... Conceicao & al.

Fic. 3. Conidia of Linkosia spp.:

A. L. hibisci (Ma et al. 2011); B. L. longirostrata (Delgado 2014);

C. L. multisepta (Wu & Zhuang 2005).

Scale bars = 10 um.

Linkosia aquatica sp. nov. (Brazil) ... 303

i 2; x

i ee B

CORI nen elit 25 ia

C4 ;

4 2 a

(Bncsraemnap traps oat ¥:

tad 4

Fic. 4. Conidia of Linkosia spp.:

A. L. mori (Zhang et al. 2009); B. L. obclavata (Wu & Zhuang 2005);

C. L. ponapensis (Matsushima 1981); D. L. refugia (Sutton & Pascoe 1988).

Scale bars = 10 um.

304 ... Conceicao & al.

Acknowledgments

The authors express their sincere gratitude to Prof. Xiu-Guo Zhang and Dr. De-Wei

Li for their critical review of the manuscript. The authors are grateful to the Fundacao de

Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia (FAPESB) and Universidade do Estado da Bahia

(UNEB). RFCR is grateful to the “Programa Ciéncia sem Fronteiras” and Cuban Ministry

of Agriculture and “Programa de Salud Animal y Vegetal’, project P131LH003033 for

facilities. We acknowledge the facilities provided by Dr. P.M. Kirk and Dr. V. Robert

through the Index Fungorum and MycoBank websites. Dr. Lorelei Norvell’s editorial

review and Dr. Shaun Pennycook’s nomenclature review are greatly appreciated.

Literature cited

Almeida DAC, Miller AN, Gusmao LFP. 2014. New species and combinations of conidial fungi

from the semi-arid Caatinga biome of Brazil. Nova Hedwigia 98: 431-447.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0029-5035/2013/0162

Castaneda Ruiz RF, Decock C, Saikawa M, Gené J, Guarro J. 2000. A new species of Polyschema and

some new records from Cuba. Cryptogamie Mycologie 21: 215-220.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0181-1584(00)01051-4

Castafieda Ruiz RF, Heredia G, Gusmao LFP, Li DW. 2016. Fungal diversity of Central and

South America. 197-217, in Biology of Microfungi, Li DW (editor), Springer International

Publishing. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29137-6_9

Delgado G. 2014. South Florida microfungi: Linkosia longirostrata, a new hyphomycete on paurotis

palm. Mycotaxon 129: 41-46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/129.41

Gamundi IJ, Arambarri AM, Bucsinszky AM. 1979. Micoflora de la hojarasca de Nothofagus

dombeyi, II. Darwiniana 22: 189-216.

Henandez-Gutiérrez A, Sutton BC. 1997. Imimyces and Linkosia, two new genera segregated from

Sporidesmium sensu lato, and redescription of Polydesmus. Mycological Research 101: 201-209.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0953756296002419

Ma J, Ma LG, Zhang YD, Zhang XG. 2011. Three new hyphomycetes from southern China.

Mycotaxon 117: 247-253. http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/117.247

Matsushima T. 1981. Matsushima mycological memoirs no. 2. Kobe, Matsushima Fungus

Collection.

Sutton BC, Pascoe IG. 1988. Some dematiaceous hyphomycetes from branches and phyllodes of

Acacia in Australia. Australian Systematic Botany 1: 127-138.

Wu W, Zhuang W. 2005. Sporidesmium, Endophragmiella and related genera from China. Fungal

Diversity Research Series 15. 351 p.

Zhang K, Ma LG, Zhang XG. 2009. A new hyphomycete species from Guangxi, China. Mycotaxon

108: 123-125. http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/108.123

MY COTAXON

April-June 2016— Volume 131, pp. 305-315

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/131.305

Two new species of Suillus associated with larches

in China

X1A0-FEI SHI”?, FU-QIANG Yu’, RuI ZHANG?? & PEI-Gu1 Liu”

' Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography, Kunming Institute of Botany

Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China

? University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

> Program in Plant Biology and Conservation, Northwestern University,

633 Clark Street, Evanston, Illinois 60201 &

Chicago Botanic Garden, 1000 Lake Cook Road, Glencoe, Illinois 60022

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: pgliu@mail.kib.ac.cn

ABSTRACT —Two Suillus species from China, S. alpinus and S. aurihymenius, are described as

new. Both S. alpinus, a subalpine species currently known only from southwestern China, and

S. aurihymenius, a boreal species from northeast China, are strictly associated with larches

and morphologically similar to the European S. tridentinus by having a viscid squamulose

pileus and veiled stipe. Suillus alpinus is distinguished by a much duller basidiome, paler

orange pores, a faint bluish discoloration of the context, and a heavily reticulate stipe apex,

while S. aurihymenius has a reddish gold hymenium, a context that discolors a deep reddish

brown, and a less squamulose pileus. The identities of the two new species and their affinity

with S. tridentinus are supported by ITS-rDNA sequence analyses. Suillus tridentinus,

S. alpinus, and S. aurihymenius form a monophyletic clade representing a morphologically

similar European-Asian temperate lineage associated with Larix.

Key worps — Basidiomycota, ectomycorrhizal fungi, phylogeny, Suillaceae, taxonomy

Introduction

Suillus Gray (Suillaceae, Boletales, Basidiomycota) comprises ectomycorrhizal

fungi (EcM) associated almost exclusively with Pinaceae and with a host-

dependent distribution (Kretzer et al. 1996; Singer 1945; Smith & Thiers 1964,

1971; Thiers 1975). The genus is ideal for studying EcM fungal phylogeny and

biogeography as well as coevolution between EcM fungi and host plants (Kretzer

et al. 1996, Manian et al. 2001, Mueller et al. 2001, Wu et al. 2000). Except for

306 ... Shi & al.

a few reports, it is known that Suillus species mostly grow with Pinus, Larix,

and Pseudotsuga (Alan et al. 2000; Kretzer et al. 1996; Philips 2005; Smith &

Thiers 1964, 1971). Engel et al. (1996), who analyzed Suillus species worldwide,

found that only about ten (around 5% of the described species) were symbiotic

with larches. Suillus species associated with larches are key to understanding

the diversity of the whole genus and for investigating potential coevolution

between Suillus and theirs hosts (Kretzer et al. 1996). Suillus species associated

with Larix form basal clades in the genus, suggesting that Larix represents an

ancestral host for Suillus (Kretzer et al. 1996, Wu et al. 2000).

China has rather high Larix diversity, ranging in distribution from boreal

forests in the north to subalpine regions in the south. Among 15 species of

Larix in the world, 11 species (4 endemic, 2 introduced) are known from

China (Fu et al. 1999). Some Suillus species associated with Larix have been

investigated taxonomically and/or biogeographically in China. Wu et al. (2000)

and Mueller et al. (2001), who explored phylogeographic relationships between

North American and East Asian Suillus species, confirmed S. asiaticus and

S. cavipes in north China. Ding & Wen (2003) enumerated 36 Suillus species

from China, of which eight were associated with Larix. Our survey, which

confirmed some of those species in China's larch forests, also revealed two

new species that help explain Suillus species diversity in China and provide

additional taxa for understanding the phylogeny of Suillus as a whole.

Materials & methods

Macro- and micro-morphological descriptions were based on fresh and dried

materials respectively. Color codes follow Kornerup & Wanscher (1961). For

micromorpological observations, materials were revived in 5% KOH solution for several

seconds and then dyed with Congo red (aqueous reagent). Pileipellis preparations

followed Wang & Verbeken (2006). Micro-morphological features were examined

under a Nikon E400 microscope (1000x) and drawings were made using an installed

Y-IDT drawing tube. Basidiospore observation and documentation follow Yang (2000).

All specimens examined were deposited in the Herbarium of Cryptogams, Kunming

Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences (HKAS).

Total DNA was extracted from silica-dried material using a modified CTAB

procedure (Doyle & Doyle 1987). The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed

using primer pairs ITS5/ITS4 to amplify the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of

the nuclear ribosomal DNA (White et al. 1990). Both strands were sequenced on an ABI

3730 DNA analyzer with an ABI BigDye 3.1 terminator cycle sequencing kit (Shanghai

Sangon Biological Engineering Technology & Services Co., Ltd, Shanghai). Sequences

JN201972-201976 have been submitted to GenBank. We retrieved ITS sequences of all

Suillus species associated with Larix from GenBank and selected 15 most representative

sequences for further phylogenetic analysis (Fic. 4). DNA sequences were aligned with

Suillus alpinus & S. aurihymenius spp. nov. (China) ... 307

BioEdit and Clustal X with manual adjustments. Rhizopogon subcaerulescens A.H. Sm.

and Truncocolumella citrina Zeller, representing the genera closest to Suillus (Bruns

& Palmer 1989), were selected as outgroup. Phylogenetic relationships were analyzed

with Maximum Parsimony (MP) using PAUP v4.0 (Swofford 2003) and with Bayesian

analyses using MrBayes version 3.1.2 (Ronquist & Huelsenbeck 2003). Bayesian analyses

were set with default priors, run with 4 chains for 2,000,000 generations and sampled

every 100 generations.

Taxonomy

Suillus alpinus X.F. Shi & P.G. Liu, sp. nov.

MycoBAnk MB 816992

Fig: 2a

Differs from Suillus tridentinus by its association with Larix potaninii in southwest

China, and by its duller basidiomata, less orange colored pores, faint bluish context

discoloration, and heavily reticulate stipe apex.

Fig 1. Suillus alpinus (holotype).

a. basidiospores. b. pileipellis. c. pleurocystidia. d. hymenium.

308 ... Shi & al.

Type: China, Yunnan Prov., Shangri-La, 27°49’N 99°43’E, alt. 3600 m, scattered to

gregarious under Larix potaninii, 16 September 2010, Shi697 (Holotype, HKAS 63128;

GenBank, JN201974).

EryMo.oey: alpinus, referring to its occurrence in subalpine regions.

BASIDIOMATA medium-sized. PILEUS 4-6.5 cm diam., convex at maturity;

surface viscid, yellowish brown to pale reddish gray-brown (5D5-6E4), with

grayish fibrillose squamules beneath the glutinous layer, with appendicules

white to brown along margin. Stipe 40-70 x 8-15 mm, subcylindrical, equal

or clavate, solid; bright yellow at apex, downwards gray brown to more reddish

(6C4-6D3), white at the base; annulus well developed and persistent, superior;

reticulate above the annulus; lacking glandular dots. CONTEXT 6-11 mm thick

halfway to the margin in pileus, dull white, slowly turning blue or faint blue in

the stipe and near the tubes when cut. TuBEs 4-7 mm deep, pale dingy yellow

(lighter than 4B3), becoming dingy yellowish olive (lighter than 3B3) when

bruised, decurrent to stipe. PorEs small, 1 per mm”, pale dingy yellow, or

concolorous with the tubes, slowly turning dingy blue when injured or in age.

Opor indistinctive. Taste mild.

BASIDIOSPORES (80/3/4)10—12(-13.5) x 4-5 um, Q = 2.20-2.80, Q. = 2.57

+ 0.1, elongate ellipsoid, yellowish to olive-brown in 5% KOH solution, thin-

walled. Bastp1A 22-37 x 7-9 um, clavate, with 2-4 sterigmata. PLEUROCYSTIDIA

scattered, 55-73 x 8-12 um, narrowly clavate or cylindrical; content hyaline

in 5% KOH, with brownish incrustations. CHEILOCYSTIDIA numerous, similar

to pleurocystidia. HYMENOPHORAL TRAMA composed of gelatinous hyphae,

slightly divergent; hyphae 4-8 um in diameter, thin walled. PILEIPELLIs an

ixotrichoderm; hyphae 4-10 um in diameter, thin-walled, yellowish in 5%

KOH near surface with scattered brownish incrustations.

ECOLOGY & DISTRIBUTION—Scattered to gregarious under Larix potaninii

in subalpine (3300-4500 m) regions of southwestern China, fruiting from May

to September. Since no other tree species except Abies sp. was observed around

the collection areas, L. potaninii is regarded as the host, as Abies is not normally

regarded as a host genus for Suillus.

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED — CHINA, SICHUAN: Derong, Kunmu Mountain,

alt. 4200 m, 20 July 2004, Z.L. Yang 4170 (HKAS 45556); YUNNAN: Shangri-La,

Benzilan, Baima Snow Mountains, 28°14’N 99°17’E, alt. 4200 m, 6 September 2009, X.F.

Shi261 (HKAS 63133; GenBank, JN201976); Bita Lake, 27°48’N 99°54’E, alt. 3700 m, 12

August 2008, E.Q. Yu 08812004 (HKAS 63342); near Shangri-La Town, 27°49’N 99°42’E,

alt. 3300 m, 21 May 2008, F.Q. Yu 08521001 (HKAS 63341).

ComMENTS—‘Suillus alpinus is characterized by the viscid pileus with fibrillose

squamules beneath the glutinous layer and veil remnants along the margin,

persistent annulus, and bluish context discoloration.

Suillus alpinus & S. aurihymenius spp. nov. (China) ... 309

Fic 2. Habit. a. Suillus alpinus (holotype). b. Suillus aurihymenius (holotype).

310 ... Shi & al.

Suillus aurihymenius X.F. Shi & PG. Liu, sp. nov. Fra. 2b, 3

MycoBank MB 817116

Differs from Suillus tridentinus by its association with Larix gmelinii in northeast China,

and by its reddish gold hymenium color, stronger reddish brown discoloration of the

context, and less squamulose pileus.

Type: China. Heilongjiang: Greater Khingan Mountains Area, Huzhong Nature Reserve,

51°37’N 123°03’E, alt. 800 m, scattered to gregarious under Larix gmelinii (Rupr.)

Kuzen., 21 August 2010, Shi597 (Holotype, HKAS 63129; GenBank, JN201972);

EryMoLoGy: aurihymenius, referring to the golden pores.

BASIDIOMATA medium-sized. P1LEus 4.4-8 cm in diameter, convex to flat at

maturity; surface very glutinous when wet, ochre-yellow to cinnamon-brown

or crimson-brown (darker than 7E8) with yellow brown (5E7) fibrils under

the glutinous layer; appendicules whitish brown (5D5) along margin; STIPE

40-78 x 7-16 mm, subcylindrical, equal or clavate, solid; bright yellow at

apex, reddish brown below or concolorous with the pileus; the membranous

whitish-pink veil often leaving an apical annulus when young, nonpersistent;

lacking glandular dots; pink mycelium in stipe base. CONTEXT 5-6 mm thick,

yellowish white, slowly turning to light yellow (4A4) or pale orange (5A3) when

cut or bruised. TuBEs 5-9 mm deep, orange yellow or light yellow (4A7-4A5),

becoming reddish yellow to light orange (5A5) when bruised, decurrent to the

stipe. PoREs small, 1 per mm’, angular, compound, concolorous with the tubes.

Opor indistinct. TasTE mild; edible, as found in the local market.

BASIDIOSPORES (80/2/4) (9.5-)10-11.5 (-12) x 4-5 um, Q = 1.96-2.31,

Q_ =2.15 + 0.18, elongate ellipsoidal, reddish brown or gray brown in 5% KOH

solution, thin-walled. Basip1a 25-35 x 79.5 um, clavate, with 2-4 sterigmata.

PLEUROCYSTIDIA abundant, 60-76 x 9-11 um, narrowly clavate, content hyaline

in 5% KOH solution and lacking brownish incrustations. CHEILOCYSTIDIA

similar to pleurocystidia. HYMENOPHORAL TRAMA gelatinous and divergent;

hyphae 4-7 um in diameter, thin-walled. PILEIPELLIS a very thick layer of

interwoven gelatinous hyphae 4-12 um in diameter, thin-walled.

ECOLOGY & DISTRIBUTION — scattered to gregarious under Dahurian larch

(Larix gmelinii) on Greater Khingan Mountain in northeastern China, fruiting

during the summer and fall. As this species grows in a monocultural forest,

L. gmelinii is proposed as the host.

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED — CHINA, INNER MONGOLIA: Genhe market,

25 August 2010, Shi616 (HKAS 63130); Argun Area, Mordaga Native Forest Park,

51°19’N 120°40’E, alt. 540 m, scattered to gregarious under Larix gmelinii (Rupr.)

Kuzen., 26 August 2010, Shi621 (HKAS 63131).

ComMENTs — S. aurihymenius and S. alpinus look similar in the field, but

the pileus of S. aurihymenius is more reddish-brown, viscid, and fibrillose or

Suillus alpinus & S. aurihymenius spp. nov. (China) ... 311

Fic 3. Suillus aurihymenius (holotype).

a. basidiospores. b. pileipellis. c. hymenium. d. pleurocystidia.

squamulose than that of S. alpinus, and the context of S. aurihymenius does not

change to blue when bruised.

Phylogenetic results

ITS-rDNA sequences were obtained for S. alpinus and S. aurihymenius. The

molecular dataset consisted of 22 OTUs and 731 characters, of which 31 were

ambiguous and excluded from the analyses. Of the remaining 653 characters,

529 characters were constant, 92 were uninformative, and 110 were parsimony-

informative. Parsimony analysis produced one most parsimonious tree of 1000

312... Shi & al.

replications with consistency index (CI) = 0.743, retention index (RI) = 0.796,

and rescaled consistency index (CI) = 0.257. The tree is shown with bootstrap

values (>60%) in Fic. 4. Topology of the Bayesian tree is the same as the MP

tree, and posterior probability values are included at each node in Fie. 4. Suillus

alpinus forms a monophyletic clade with 100% bootstrap and 1.0 posterior

probability supports. The S. aurihymenius monophyletic clade was supported

with 99% bootstrap value and 0.96 posterior probability. Also the two new

species and S. tridentinus forms a monophyletic clade with 92% bootstrap

support and 1.0 posterior probability.

Discussion

Suillus alpinus and S. aurihymenius appear similar in the field and are both

characterized by a viscid pileus with fibrillose squamules beneath the glutinous

layer, veil remnants hanging from the margin, and a veiled stipe lacking any

glandular dots. They match the morphological and ecological descriptions of

Suillus sect. Larigni (Singer 1986). Both species also morphologically close

to the European S. tridentinus (Bres.) Singer. Compared with other Suillus

species, all three species have very long spores, often exceeding 10 um (Moser

1983). Kretzer et al. (1996), who investigated the phylogenetic diversity of

Suillus species associated with Larix, identified two well-supported clades

excluding S. spectabilis. Our analyses strongly support the Asian S. alpinus and

S. aurihymenius in a monophyletic clade with the European S. tridentinus.

Species in this monophyletic clade can be separated morphologically from

S. grevillei and other species in its sister clade containing by the presence of

squamules beneath the glutinous layer, veil remnants on the pileal margin, and

much darker basidiomata.

It is interesting to note that S. aurihymenius, which grows in northwestern

China, shows a closer affinity to the European S. tridentinus than to the

southwestern Chinese S. alpinus in the phylogenetic tree. This relationship is

similar to the situation in Chroogomphus (Liet al. 2009), where northern Chinese

samples are conspecific with European samples while Chroogomphus samples

from southwestern China represent a separate sibling species. Phylogenetic and

morphological comparisons suggest that S. aurihymenius and S. tridentinus

are sister species. The high genetic similarity between European and northern

Chinese taxa might have been facilitated by the dispersal between different

populations and thus contributed to the low genetic divergence (Petersen &

Hughes 2007). As has been shown in other fungal groups (Ge et al. 2008, Li et

al. 2009, Zhang et al. 2004), comparison analyses of counterparts or conspecific

species in China's northern and subalpine regions would help elucidate ECM

fungal diversification and fill geographic sampling gaps in temperate regions.

Suillus alpinus & S. aurihymenius spp. nov. (China) ... 313

S. spectabilis L54104

10.0 S. laricinus L54099

S. serotinus L54116

S. laricinus L54102

TSS S. grisellus L54101

66 S. bresadolae L54084

98/1.00 S. grevillei M91615

S. grevillei M91616

YELLUD S. alpinus JN201974 Holotype

100/1.00 S. alpinus JN201975

S. alpinus JN201976

94/0.97 99/1.00

400/4.00 S. tridentinus L54082

97/4.00 S. tridentinus AJ419220

S. aurihymenius JN201973

99/0.96 S. aurihymenius JN201972 Holotype

100/1.00 S. cavipes L54119

76 S. cavipes L54085

S. paluster L54080

86/1.00 re

S. paluster L54093

86/1.00

S. asiaticus L54090

Truncocolumelila citrina L54097

Rhizopogon subcaerulescens M91613

Fic 4. Phylogenetic tree resulting from Maximum Parsimony analysis of partial nuclear subunit

ribosomal DNA sequences (ITS) of Larix-associated species of Suillus. Numbers above branches

are bootstrap values >50%. Values after the slash are posterior probability values obtained through

Bayesian analysis of the same data set. The sequences S. alpinus and S. aurihymenius were generated

in this study; all other sequences were obtained from Kretzer et al. (1996) except for S. grevillei

(Baura et al. 1992) and AJ419920 and M91613 (Martin & Raidl 2002).

Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to our peer reviewers, Prof. Gregory M. Mueller,

Dr. Matteo Gelardi, and Dr. Shaun Pennycook, who critically reviewed the manuscript

and provided invaluable suggestions. Dr. Yang Zhuliang (Kunming Institute of Botany,

Chinese Academy of Sciences) provided useful literature and discussions. Dr. Wang

Xianghua from the same institute critically improved the manuscript and offered

invaluable suggestions. We are grateful to Dr. Henning Knudsen (Botanical Museum,

Copenhagen University) for the direction in the field. The study was financed by the

National Science Foundation of China (No. 31270075, 30970020), the Joint Founds

314 ... Shi & al.

of the National Science Foundation of China and Yunnan Province Government

(No.1202262), Yunnan Program of Innovation to strong provinces by Science and

Technology (No.2009ACO013) and the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese

Academy of Sciences (No.KSCX2-YW-G-025).

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mushrooms. Syracuse University Press, Syracuse, New York.

Baura G, Szaro TM, Bruns TD. 1992. Gastrosuillus laricinus is a recent derivative of Suillus grevillei:

molecular evidence. Mycologia 84: 592-597. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3760328

Bruns TD, Palmer JD. 1989. Evolution of mushroom mitochondrial DNA: Suillus and related

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MY COTAXON

April-June 2016—Volume 131, pp. 317-323

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/131.317

First record of Parasola lilatincta from Pakistan

SHAH HUuSsSAIN?, NAJAM-UL-SAHAR AFSHAN? & HABIB AHMAD?

"Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan

? Center for Undergraduate Studies, University of the Punjab,

Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan

* Department of Genetics, Hazara University Mansehra, Pakistan

*CORRESPONDENCE TO: shahpk85@gmail.com

AsstrRact—Parasola lilatincta a lilaceous coprinoid mushroom (Psathyrellaceae, Agaricales)

is characterized and illustrated from Malakand, Pakistan. Morpho-anatomical description

and sequencing of the ITS region of the rDNA are given. This is a new record for Pakistan.

Key worps—Basidiomycota, phylogeny, plicate pileus, taxonomy

Introduction

Parasola Redhead et al. was introduced when the coprinoid genus Coprinus

Pers. was divided into four genera: Coprinopsis P. Karst., Coprinellus P. Karst.,

Parasola and Coprinus s.s. (Redhead et al. 2001). Coprinus s.s. was retained in

Agaricaceae, while the other three taxa were placed in the newly validated family

Psathyrellaceae. Parasola species have small and deeply plicate pilei, ranging

from yellow-brown to tawny and paler colors. Parasola is morphologically

separated from the closely related Coprinellus, Coprinopsis and Psathyrella (Fr.)

Quel. by the complete absence of a veil structure and the lack of pileo- and

caulocystidia (although P. conopilus (Fr.) Orstadius & E. Larss. and P. auricoma

(Pat.) Redhead et al. do possess sclerocystidia; Nagy et al. 2010, Schafer 2014).

Index Fungorum (www.indexfungorum.org) lists 22 species under Parasola,

although other taxonomic treatments recognize a lower number (Nagy et

al. 2009, 2010; Schafer 2010, 2014). These mushrooms, which are common

decomposers of leaf-litter, wood, and herbivore dung, are distributed world-

wide, with most of the records from Europe, North America, South America,

318 ... Hussain & al.

Australasia, and Africa (Pegler 1966, 1983; Grgurinovic 1997; Pennycook 2004;

Schafer 2014) and some from Asia (Ahmad 1980; Pegler 1986).

The lilaceous coloration reported for the pileus in P lilatincta (Uljé & Bender

1997) is not always found (Nagy 2007). The phylogeny of Parasola and other

coprinoid fungi suggest that morphological variations like spore size, shape

and position of germ pore, and presence/absence of lilaceous granules in the

tissues are species delimiting characters (Nagy et al. 2009, 2012, 2013).

Only three Parasola species (P. auricoma (Pat.) Redhead et al., P plicatilis

(Curtis: Fr.) Redhead et al. and P setulosa (Berk. & Broome) Redhead et al. have

been reported previously from Pakistan (Ahmad 1980), all morphologically

identified. In this study we characterized a fourth species for Pakistan using

morphological and phylogenetic criteria: P lilatincta. Our work also offers the

first phylogenetic confirmation of Parasola from the country.

Materials & methods

Sampling

Samples were collected in August of 2013 and 2014 from district Malakand, KP,

Pakistan (34°33-56’N 71°52-55’E), which features a subtropical climate with heavy

annual rainfall (600-1100 mm) and high temperatures during monsoon (Karim 2008).

Basidiomata were found on leaf-litter, photographed, and tagged. Macroscopic

features like color, shape, and size of pileus and stipe and gill attachment were noted

in the field. Colors were designated according to Munsell (1975). Air-dried samples

were stored in zip-lock bags prior to anatomical and molecular characterization in the

lab. Specimens are conserved in the Herbarium, Hazara University, Dhodial, Mansehra,

Pakistan (HUP).

Microscopical examination

Slides were prepared in 5% aqueous KOH (w/v) and lactic acid. Basidiospore size

and shape, basidia, cheilocystidia, and germ pore position were studied under a light

Meiji MX4300H microscope, and at least 20 measurements were recorded for each

character, except that 48 basidiospores were measured in face view and/or side view

through 100x oil immersion. Basidiospore measurements (rounded to the nearest

0.5 um) are presented as follows: length range x breadth range x width range. Q values

were calculated as: Q, = length divided by breadth; Q, = length divided by width (Nagy

et al. 2010). Average length, breadth, and width of all basidiospores are given by avX.

Line drawings were made with camera lucida.

DNA extraction, PCR amplification, and DNA sequencing

For DNA extraction, a small piece (20-40 mg) of gill was kept in 2% CTAB buffer,

following Bruns (1995) with some modification. The ITS-nrDNA region was amplified

using the universal primer pair ITS-1F and ITS-4 (White et al. 1990). The polymerase

chain reaction (PCR) was performed in 20 uL reaction volume containing 1 uL genomic

DNA, 0.1 uL of each primer in 100 pmol/uL concentration, 10 uL MasterMix (Sigma-

Aldrich Co. LLC), and 8.8 uL deionized distilled water according to Gardes & Bruns

Parasola lilatincta, new for Pakistan ... 319

(1993) with PCR parameters set at one cycle at 94 °C for 1 min, 35 cycles at 94 °C, 53

°C and 72 °C each for 1 min, with a final extension at 72 °C for 8 min. The amplified

products were run through 1% agarose gel stained with ethidium bromide and visualized

under UV light Gel Documentation System (UVtec, Avebury House, Cambridge CB4

1QB UK), using default settings. The PCR products were directly sequenced in both

directions using the same primer set through Automatic Sequencer 3730XL (Macrogen

Korea). ITS sequences generated from this study as well as other sequences retrieved from

GenBank were aligned through ClustalW followed by manual adjustment in BioEdit

(www.mbio.ncsu.edu/bioedit/bioedit.html) to construct DNA dataset. Phylogeny

based on 30 ITS sequences (including outgroup Coprinus comatus AY635772) was

sot Parasola lilatincta KP886463 @

76|' Parasola lilatincta KP886464 @

«| Parasola lilatincta KP886462 @

(0p Parasola lilatincta FM163203

Parasola lilatincta FM163201

Parasola lilatincta FM163196

Parasola schroeteri JN943136

88 | Parasola schroeteri JN943134

Parasola schroeteri HQ847029

Parasola lilatincta FM163198

! Parasola lilatincta FM163199

™ Parasola lilatincta FM163195

Parasola hercules FM163190

Parasola misera FM163210

100 |' Parasola misera FM163209

Parasola misera FM163211

Parasola galericuliformis FM163187

"4 Parasola leiocephala FM163193

Parasola megasperma FM163207

Parasola megasperma FM163208

1. Parasola megasperma FM163206

Parasola aff. lilatincta FM163204

3° Parasola aff. lilatinca FM163205

Parasola plicatilis FM163213

9! Parasola plicatilis FM163214

Parasola plicatilis FM163215

100 Parasola auricoma FM163185

Parasola auricoma FM163186

Coprinus comatus AY 635772

Fic. 1: ITS phylogeny of Parasola sequences, including Pakistani sequences of P. lilatincta with

boldface represented by (#), inferred by the maximum likelihood method. Bootstrap support is

indicated for selected nodes.

320 ... Hussain & al.

analyzed by Maximum Likelihood (ML). Phylogenetic tree was constructed through

the RAxML-HPC BlackBox (8.1.11) with default setting via CIPRES Science Gateway

(Miller et al. 2010).

Results

Phylogenetic analysis

Three ITS sequences of Parasola lilatincta were generated for this study (Fic.

1); other sequences (including the outgroup) were retrieved from GenBank.

Our phylogenetic analysis closely associates the Pakistani sequences with other

P. lilatincta sequences, but the clade structure was not well supported.

Taxonomy

Parasola lilatincta (Bender & Uljé) Redhead, Vilgalys & Hopple, Taxon 50: 236.

2001. PLATES 1,2

Piteus 15-20 mm, broadly convex to applanate, deeply plicate and

membranous and smooth, light grayish brown (7.5YR 5/2-6/2); center slightly

depressed, light orange (7.5R 5/2); sulcate straight margin, lacking any velar

structure. GILLS free, even, distant, initially concolorous with the pileus, later

blackish, and finally collapsed. Strpe 40-70 x 2-4 mm, equal, central, hollow;

surface smooth, snow-white.

BASIDIOSPORES [48/4/3]; (12.4)13.5-15(16.4) x (10)10.5-11(11.7) x

(8.1)8.5-9.5(10.2) um, [avX = 14.4 x 10.8 x 9.2; QI] = 1.3-1.4, Q2 = 1.3-L.5,

avQ = 1.4], in face view lentiform to rounded triangular, in side view ellipsoid;

dark brown, germ pore 1.7-2.7 um and eccentric, wall <2 um thick. BAsIpIA

17-23 x 6-9 um, clavate to cylindrical, di- to tetrasporic, light brown, smooth.

CHEILOCYSTIDIA 25-32 x 6-9 um, cylindrical, hyaline. PILEIPELLIS 28-34 x

9-12 um, clavate, hyaline, smooth with greenish oil droplets. Pleurocystidia

absent.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: PAKISTAN, KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, Malakand, Qaldara, ca.

510 m, on leaf litter, 3 Aug. 2013, Shah Hussain (HUP-SHP2; GenBank KP886463);

10 Aug. 2014, Shah Hussain (HUP-SHP4; GenBank KP886462); 14 Aug. 2014, Shah

Hussain (HUP-SHP9; GenBank KP886464).

Comments

In this study we describe P_ lilatincta morpho-anatomically and

phylogenetically as a new record for Pakistan. Proper identification of Parasola

species is often difficult due to minor anatomical differences separating them.

Basidiospore size and shape are the two main diagnostic characters used to

distinguish species in this group (Nagy et al. 2009). Based on spore shape and

germ pore position, P. lilatincta is a close relative of P. leiocephala (P.D. Orton)

Redhead et al. and P schroeteri (P. Karst.) Redhead et al.

Parasola lilatincta, new for Pakistan ... 321

PLATE 1: Basidioma of Parasola lilatincta (HUP-SHP9). Scale bar: 10 mm.

We observed lilaceous tints in the pileipellis of different Pakistani collections.

However, Nagy et al. (2010) did not find any such structures in the type material.

Occurrence of oil contents in the pileipellis during this study suggest that the

lilaceous tints may be a character of fresh material.

322 ... Hussain & al.

PLATE 2: Parasola lilatincta (HUP-SHP2).

A: basidiospores; B: basidia; C: cheilocystidia; D: pileipellis elements.

Scale bars: A = 5 um; B-D = 10 um.

The lilaceous tints in hyphae, lentiform basidiospores, and sequence analyses

all support the identification of the Pakistani collections as P. lilatincta.

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to express their gratitude to the staff members of Fungal

Biotech Lab, Department of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore Pakistan for the

continuous help and valuable suggestion. We greatly thank Dr. Laszlo Nagy (Institute

of Biochemistry, BRC, Hungary) for his valuable guidance and suggestions during this

study and Dr. A.R. Niazi for pre-submission review. We also thank Ph.D. students Malka

Saba and Sana Jabeen in the mentioned lab for their cooperation during the molecular

study. Financial assistance for this study was provided by Research Project, University

of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1

MY COTAXON

April-June 2016— Volume 131, pp. 325-330

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/131.325

Pseudocercospora picrasmicola sp. nov.

and a new record of P. paludicola from China

FENGYAN ZHAI”?, YINGJIE Liu? & YINGLAN GUO?

‘Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Postdoctoral Research Base,

Xinxiang 453003, China

*Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China

*Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: guoyl@im.ac.cn

ABSTRACT — Pseudocercospora picrasmicola on Picrasma quassioides is introduced as a new

species, based on Chinese specimens previously misdetermined as “Prathigada picrasmae.”

Pseudocercospora paludicola on Persicaria chinensis is reported as new to China. The two

species are described, illustrated, and discussed. Examined specimens are deposited in the

Herbarium of the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing (HMAS).

Key worps — anamorphic fungi, Passalora, Cercospora, Polygonum, taxonomy

Introduction

In this study we reassess Prathigada picrasmae (Togashi & Katsuki) X.J. Liu

& Y.Z. Liao. The thin inconspicuous conidiogenous loci of the Chinese material

on which Liu & Liao (1980) based this new combination conform with

Pseudocercospora Speg., and the Chinese fungus is not conspecific with the

Japanese Cercospora picrasmae Togashi & Katsuki. Thus “Prathigada picrasmae”

sensu Liu & Liao (1980) is a misapplied name, and this taxon is described here

as a new species, Pseudocercospora picrasmicola, with the original specimen of

Liu & Liao (1980) as holotype and an additional specimen identified by Guo

(1996) as a paratype.

A cercosporoid fungus found on Persicaria chinensis, identified as

Pseudocercospora paludicola, represents a new record for China.

326 ... Zhai, Liu & Guo

Materials & methods

Type material of the new species was collected on living leaves of Picrasma quassioides

in Taibai Mountain, Shaanxi Province; additional material was collected on the same

host in Liuba, Shaanxi Province. Pseudocercospora paludicola was found on leaves of

Persicaria chinensis in Kuankuoshui protection zone, Guizhou Province. Samples from

the three collections were mounted in distilled water and examined using oil immersion

(bright field and phase contrast) with an Olympus CX 21 light microscope. Thirty

measurements (400x magnification) were made of conidia and other structures. All

specimens are deposited at the Mycological Herbarium of Academia Sinica (HMAS),

Beijing.

Taxonomy

Pseudocercospora picrasmicola Y.L. Guo, F.Y. Zhai & Ying J. Liu, sp.nov. —- Fig. 1

MycoBank MB 810159

Differs from other Pseudocercospora spp. on simaroubaceous hosts by its rostrate conidia

with unequally colored cells and thick-walled septa.

Type: China, Shaanxi Province, Taibai Mountain, on leaves of Picrasma quassioides

(D. Don) Benn. (Simaroubaceae), 13 X 1963, coll. Q.M. Ma & Y.C. Zong (Holotype,

HMAS 10266).

MISAPPLIED NAME: “Prathigada picrasmae” sensu Liu & Liao (1980).

Erymo oey: referring to the host genus Prasmicola.

Leaf spots amphigenous, subcircular, 1-3 mm diam., often confluent, grayish

white to pale brown, margin surrounded by a brown to dark brown line, with

an olivaceous-brown to pale brown halo on the upper surface, on the lower

surface angular, margin indistinct, limited by veins, 1-4 mm wide. Caespituli

hypogenous. Mycelium internal. Stromata subepidermal, globose, dark brown,

25-40 um diam. Conidiophores loosely to densely fasciculate, olivaceous

to pale olivaceous-brown, uniform in color, irregular in width, straight to

curved, not branched, 0-1-geniculate, thick-walled, smooth, rounded to

conical or conically truncate at the apex, 1-3-septate, 13-50(-75) x 4.0-5.8

um. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal, 10-25 um long. Conidiogenous

loci inconspicuous, thin, planate, 2-3 um wide. Conidia solitary, obclavate,

rostrate, pale olivaceous-brown to moderately dark olivaceous-brown with

cells unequally colored, thick-walled, smooth, straight to curved, obtuse at the

apex, obconically truncate at the base, 2.4-4.0 um wide, 3-11-septate, septa

rather thick and dark, sometimes constricted at the septa, 45-95(-128) x

4.7-8.0(-9.3) um.

ADDITIONAL COLLECTION EXAMINED: CHINA. SHAANXI PROVINCE, Liuba, on leaves

of Picrasma quassioides, 20 IX 1991, coll. Y.L. Guo 2072 (HMAS 69480).

Notes: Togashi & Katsuki (1952) described Cercospora picrasmae on Picrasma

quassioides [= P. ailanthoides (Bunge) Planch.] from Japan as:

Pseudocercospora picrasmicola sp. nov. (China) ... 327

Les

Ronk N?

Wwe

pee

pe ee

Pe IP SIN

Fic. 1. Pseudocercospora picrasmicola (holotype, HMAS 10266).

Conidiophores and conidia. Scale bar = 10 um.

“leaf spots 0.5-3.0 mm diam.; fruiting hypophyllous; stromata globose, brown,

15.0-50.0 um diam.; conidiophores very pale olivaceous-brown, aseptate,

without geniculate point, 15.0-43.0 x 3.4-5.0 um; conidia obclavate, pale

olivaceous, 2-7-septate, 25.0-85.0 x 4.0-5.5 um?

Liu & Liao (1980) studied a Chinese cercosporoid specimen on the same

host, and in spite of significant morphological differences this collection

was identified as Cercospora picrasmae. Type material of this species was not

available for comparison; but based on their Chinese material having conidia

328 ... Zhai, Liu & Guo

with unequally colored cells and long beaks, Liu & Liao (1980) transferred

C. picrasmae to Prathigada. However, the conspecificity of the Chinese

Prathigada-like fungus and authentic Japanese C. picrasmae is untenable

and based on a misinterpretation of the Japanese Cercospora species, which

is morphologically quite distinct in its aseptate conidiophores and uniformly

pale olivaceous and much narrower conidia without beaks. Re-examination

of type material and additional Japanese collections is necessary to elucidate

the genuine generic affinity of C. picrasmae, which is tentatively retained in

Cercospora.

There are only a few other Pseudocercospora spp. on hosts belonging to the

Simaroubaceae, but their conidia are not rostrate, lack unequally colored cells,

and have thin-walled septa.

Pseudocercospora ailanthicola (Patw.) Deighton on Ailanthus excelsa Roxb.

differs from P. picrasmicola in forming indistinct leaf spots, lacking stromata,

and in producing smaller (26.5-39.5 x 3-4.5 um) pale brown conidiophores

with 3-4 conspicuous scars and much smaller (20-63 x 3-5 um) olivaceous to

pale brown conidia that gradually narrow towards the apex (Patwardhan 1963).

Another species described from A. excelsa, P. ailanthigena H.S.G. Rao et al., is

conspecific with P. ailanthicola (Kamal 2010).

Pseudocercospora qinlingensis Y.L. Guo parasitizing Ailanthus sp. differs

from P. picrasmicola in possessing amphigenous fruiting, larger stromata

(40-100 um), shorter conidiophores (6.5-26 x 3.9-6 um), and cylindrical,

darker (olivaceous-brown to moderate brown) conidia that are uniformly

colored, strongly curved, and slightly longer and narrower (32-150 x

4-7.6 um; Guo 1996).

Pseudocercospora simaroubae U. Braun & EO. Freire on Simarouba versicolor

A. St.-Hil. differs from P. picrasmicola in lacking or producing only small

stromata, occasionally forming branched, broader (3-7 um), (0—)1-6-septate

conidiophores with 10-25 um long conidiogenous cells and inconspicuous to

sub-conspicuous conidiogenous loci, and obclavate to cylindrical and smaller

(15-60 x 3-7 um) conidia with 1-8 septa; Braun & Freire 2003).

Pseudocercospora paludicola (Speg.) U. Braun, Schlechtendalia 5: 67, 2000. Fie. 2

= Cercospora paludicola Speg., Anales Soc. Ci. Argent. 13: 29, 1882.

Leaf spots amphigenous, angular to irregular, 1-4 mm diam., margin

indistinct, often confluent, brown to dark brown, with yellowish to pale brown

halo on the upper surface, paler on the lower surface. Caespituli hypogenous.

Primary mycelium internal. Secondary mycelium external, hyphae

emerging through stomata, pale olivaceous to olivaceous, branched, septate,

1.3-2.5 um wide. Stromata none or small, substomatal, dark brown.

Pseudocercospora picrasmicola sp. nov. (China) ... 329

Fic. 2. Pseudocercospora paludicola (HMAS 244890).

Conidiophores and conidia. Scale bar = 20 um.

Conidiophores emerging through stomata, densely fasciculate or solitary, arising

from external hyphae as lateral branches, pale olivaceous-brown, uniform

in color, thin-walled, smooth, irregular in width, straight to slightly curved,

branched, slightly geniculate, rounded to conical at the apex, 1-7-septate,

constricted at the septa, 10-80 x 2.5-5 um. Conidiogenous cells terminal, 6-19

x 1.8-4.4 um. Conidiogenous loci inconspicuous. Conidia solitary, cylindrical,

pale olivaceous to olivaceous, thin-walled, smooth, straight to curved, obtuse

at the apex, obconically truncate and 1.2-1.6 um wide at the base, 3-10-septate,

30-125 *% 25=3.7 pm.

COLLECTION EXAMINED: CHINA. GUIZHOU PROVINCE, Kuankuoshui protection zone,

on leaves of Persicaria chinensis (L.) H. Gross, 16 IX 2013, coll. Y.L. Guo 73 (HMAS

244890).

Notes: This is the first report of P paludicola (previously known only from

Argentina) from China. Guo (1993) identified a fungus on Polygonum

aviculare L. (HMAS 65900) from Xiao Wutai Mountain, Hebei Province, with

thickened conidiogenous loci and pigmented conidia as Cercospora paludicola,

based on Chupp’s (1954) description of this species. Braun (2000), who

330 ... Zhai, Liu & Guo

examined the Argentinian type specimen of C. paludicola, found unthickened

and unpigmented conidiogenous loci and hila and transferred the species to

Pseudocercospora. After Guo & Li (2002) re-examined the Chinese fungus on

Polygonum aviculare, they described it as a new species, Passalora polygoni

Y.L. Guo.

In contrast to Passalora polygoni, our Chinese collection on Persicaria

chinensis represents a genuine Pseudocercospora species, morphologically

very similar to Spegazzini’s (1882) description of C. paludicola (conidiophores

5-25 x 2-3.5 um, conidia 30-150 x 2-3.5 um), only differing in having longer

conidiophores and somewhat shorter conidia.

Two other Pseudocercospora species, P. persicariae (W. Yamam.) Deighton

on Polygonum and Persicaria spp., and P. polygonicola (A.K. Kar & M. Mandal)

Deighton on Polygonum spp. are somewhat similar to P. paludicola, but they do

not form angular leaf spots, they lack superficial hyphae, and their conidia are

broader and mainly obclavate (Chupp 1954; Kar & Mandel 1969).

Acknowledgments

The study was supported by the Project for Fundamental Research on Science and

Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology of China (No. 2013FY110400) and the

National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31100013). We express our deep

appreciation to Uwe Braun and Chang-Tian Li for their valuable suggestions, kind help,

and their assistance in the course of submission of this manuscript.

Literature cited

Braun U. 2000. Annotated list of Cercospora spp. described by C. Spegazzini. Schlechtendalia 5:

STE Ea

Braun U, Freire FCO. 2003 [“2002”]. Some cercosporoid hyphomycetes from Brazil - II.

Cryptogamie, Mykologie 23(4): 295-328.

Chupp C. 1954. A monograph of the fungus genus Cercospora. Ithaca, New York.

Guo YL. 1993. Foliicolous hyphomycetes of Xiaowutai in Hebei Province. Mycosystema 6: 91-102.

(in Chinese)

Guo YL. 1996 [“1995-1996”]. Cercospora and allied genera and species record from the Qinling

Mountains. Mycosystema 8-9: 89-102. (in Chinese)

Guo YL, Li B. 2002. Two new species of hyphomycetes caused leaf spot. Journal of Jilin Agricultural

University 24(2): 13-14, 17. (in Chinese)

Kamal. 2010. Cercosporoid fungi of India. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun. 351 p.

Kar AK, Mandal M. 1969. New Cercospora spp. from West Bengal. Transactions of the British

Mycological Society 53: 337-360. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0007-1536(69)80093-8

Liu XJ, Liao YZ. 1980. Records on some species of genus Prathigada and Stenella. Acta

Microbiologica Sinica 20(2): 116-121. (in Chinese)

Patwardhan PG. 1963. A new species of Cercospora from India. Mycopathologia et Mycologia

Applicata 21: 318-320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02052584

Togashi K, Katsuki S. 1952. New or noteworthy Cercosporae from Japan. Botanical Magazine of

Tokyo 65: 18-26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15281/jplantres1887.65.18

MY COTAXON

April-June 2016— Volume 131, pp. 331-335

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/131.331

Acrodictys, Corynespora, Karstenula, Oncopodium,

and Sporocadus: new genera for Turkey

ELsAD HUSEYIN*, FARUK SELCUK & KADRIYE EKICI

Department of Biology, Arts and Sciences Faculty, Ahi Evran University, Kirsehir, Turkey

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: elsadhuseyin@hotmail.com

ABSTRACT—Five microfungal genera are recorded for the first time in Turkey. Brief

morphological descriptions based on collections from Kirsehir province are provided for

Sporocadus pezizoides (Phlogicylindriaceae), Corynespora cambrensis (Corynesporascaceae),

Karstenula rhodostoma (Montagnulaceae), Acrodictys elliptica (Pezizomycotina), and

Oncopodium elaeagni (Pezizomycotina).

Key worps—anamorphic fungi, Anatolian Peninsula, Ascomycota, biodiversity

Introduction

Most studies on micromycetes in Turkey have focused on powdery mildews

(Erysiphales) and rusts (Pucciniales). Other microfungi, especially the asexual

states of saprobic ascomycetes that develop on forest trees and bushes, are

insufficiently studied. However, in the last fifteen years the research on these

fungi has increased (Akgul et al. 2015; Hiiseyin 2004; Hiiseyinov & Selcuk

1999, 2001; Hiiseyinov 2000; Huseyin & Selcuk 2001, 2002a,b, 2014; Selcuk et

al. 2003, 2009, 2012a,b, 2014; Melnik et al. 2004; Selcuk & Ekici 2014; Selcuk &

Huseyin 2014; Hiiseyin et al. 2005, 2014; Vasighzadeh et al. 2014).

Kirsehir province (38°50’-39°50’N 33°30’-34°50’E) is located in the

middle of Anatolian Peninsula. This area lies within the Irano-Turanian

phytogeographic region. According to the data obtained from the Kirsehir

meteorological station, annual precipitation is 340-400 mm and the annual

average temperature is 11°C.

This study contributes to the list of mycobiota of Turkey by adding five new

genera.

332 ... Hiiseyin, Selcuk & Eikici

Materials & methods

The specimens were collected during periodical mycological excursions in Boztepe

district, Kirsehir Province, between 2012 and 2014. Microscopic studies were carried

out on slides, with the samples prepared in distilled water. Morphological features

were examined using an Olympus BX 53 research microscope (Japan) and Axio

Imager 2 microscope equipped with Nomarski differential interference contrast optics.

Hyphomycetous genera were identified via the key by Seifert et al. (2011). Species were

identified by consulting handbooks and other publications (Ellis 1960, Sutton 1980,

Dennis 1981, Morelet 1985, Ellis & Ellis 1987, Manoharachary et al. 2006, Magyar &

Révay 2009). The host plants were identified using “Flora of Turkey and East Aegean

Islands” (Davis 1965-85). Taxonomic names and citations follow Kirk et al. (2008) and

Kirk (2015). All specimens are deposited in the Mycological Collection, Department

of Biology, Arts and Sciences Faculty, Ahi Evran University, Kirsehir, Turkey (AEUT).

Taxonomy

Sporocadus pezizoides (Ellis & Everh.) M. Morelet, Ann. Soc. Sci. Nat. Archéol.

Toulon Var 37(4): 234 (1985)

Conidiomata dark brown, sporodochial to disciform, 300-400 um wide,

80-100 um deep. Conidiophores hyaline, simple, cylindrical, 17.5-25 x 1.5-3

um. Conidia brown, dark brown, straight or curved, clavate to fusiform with

rounded ends, 25-30 x 7—8(-10) um, 3-septate, septa prominent and very dark

brown.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: TURKEY, KIRSEHIR PROVINCE, Boztepe district, around

Kervansaray mountain, 39°13’10”N 34°13’55”E, 1300 m a.s.l., on dead wood of Salix

alba L., 20.IV.2013, Kadriye Ekici 203 (AEUT); 30.III.2014, Kadriye Ekici 203a (AEUT).

ComMeEnts: The Turkish specimens of Sporocadus pezizoides have more slender

conidiophores and narrower conidia than those described by Morelet (1985;

conidiophores 2.5-3 um wide, conidia 8.5-10.5 um wide).

Corynespora cambrensis M.B. Ellis, Mycol. Pap. 76: 28 (1960)

Colonies on the natural substratum effuse, hairy, dark blackish brown.

Mycelium superficial and immersed. Hyphae branched, 4-5 um diam.

Conidiophores simple, septate, dark brown, (45-)50-55(-65) x 5-7 um.

Conidia dark brown, smooth, (5-)8-12-pseudoseptate, cylindric, (23-)25-57

(-75) x (7.5-)8-10 um.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: TURKEY, KIRSEHIR PROVINCE, Boztepe district, around

Kervansaray mountain, 39°12’50” N 34°13’01” E, 1440 m a.s.l., on dead wood of Salix

cinerea L. trunk, 27.IV.2013, Kadriye Ekici 207 (AEUT).

Comments: The Turkish specimen of Corynespora cambrensis has wider conidia

with more numerous pseudosepta than described for the type specimen (Ellis

1960; 5-10 um wide, with 2-8 pseudosepta).

Microfungi new for Turkey ... 333

Karstenula rhodostoma (Alb. & Schwein.) Speg., Dec. Mycol. Ital. 7-12: no. 94

(1879)

Pseudothecia gregarious beneath the bark, blackish or black, globose,

globose-depressed, 450-550 um diam. Hymenium paraphysate. Asci 8-spored,

cylindrical, apically rounded, (115-)130-135(-160) x 12.5-18 um, with

thick and short stalk. Ascospores dark brown, guttulate, uniseriate, 3-septate,

constricted at the septa, cylindrical, fusiform, rounded at both ends, 22.5-25 x

$=9;5 itn:

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: TURKEY, KIRSEHIR PROVINCE, Boztepe district, around

Kervansaray mountain, 39°13’30” N 34°14’10” E, 1320 m a.s.l, on dead branches of

Rhamnus petiolaris Boiss. & Balansa, 02.X1I.2012, Kadriye Ekici 191 (AEUT).

CoMMENTs: The Turkish specimen of Karstenula rhodostoma has wider asci and

ascospores than those described by Dennis (1981; asci 12 um wide, ascospores

7-9 um wide).

Acrodictys elliptica Manohar., N.K. Rao, D.K. Agarwal & Kunwar, Indian Phytopath.

59: 91 (2006)

Colonies on the natural substratum effuse, hairy, brownish black, black,

5-10 x 1-2 mm. Mycelium mostly immersed. Hyphae smooth, brown, 3-3.5

um diam. Conidiophores simple, septate, brown to black, erect, usually straight

or slightly flexuous, 30-70 x 4-8 um. Conidia dark brown, smooth, with 3-4

transverse and 1-2 longitudinal septa, ellipsoidal, ovoid, slightly constricted at

the septa, (16-)17.5-22.5(-25) x (8-)9-12.5 um.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: TURKEY, KIRSEHIR PROVINCE, Boztepe district, around

Kervansaray mountain, 39°12’05” N 34°13’08” E, 1380 m as. 1, on dead wood of

Cotoneaster nummularius Fisch. & C.A. Mey., 04.X1.2012, Kadriye Ekici 62 (AEUT).

ComMENts: The Turkish specimen of Acrodictys elliptica has conidia with more

transverse septa and fewer longitudinal septa but otherwise morphologically

close to the type description (Manoharachary et al. 2006; 2-3 transverse and

2-3 longitudinal septa).

Oncopodium elaeagni D. Magyar, Nova Hedwigia 88: 477 (2009)

Colonies on the natural substratum brown. Mycelium immersed. Hyphae

septate, smooth, brown, 4-5 um diam. Conidiomata sporodochial, black.

Conidiophores caespitose, septate, hyaline, 15-40 x 2.5-4.5 um. Conidia

fusiform, limoniform, brown, smooth, with 6-7 transverse and 3-4 longitudinal

septa, 25-31 x 12-13(-14) um, with 2 lateral and 1 central horn-like cells.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: TURKEY, KIRSEHIR PROVINCE, Boztepe district, around

Kervansaray mountain, 39°13’10”N 34°13’40” E, 1320 ma.s.l., on dead bark of Elaeagnus

angustifolia L., 27.V1I.2013, Kadriye Ekici 134 (AEUT).

334 ... Hiiseyin, Selcuk & Eikici

Comments: The Turkish specimen of Oncopodium elaeagni has conidia that do

not differ significantly in size from that cited by Magyar & Révay (2009: 24-30

x 9-18 um).

Acknowledgements

We thank Dr. Eugene Yurchenko (Minsk, Belarus) and Dr. Sevda Kirbag (Elazig,

Turkey) for serving as presubmission reviewers. Especially we are grateful to Dr. Shaun

Pennycook (Auckland, New Zealand) for detailed linguistic help and nomenclatural

review of the manuscript.

Literature cited

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Fagaceae in Uludag forests. Oxidation Communications 38(3): 1529-1538.

Davis PH (ed.). 1965-85. Flora of Turkey and East Aegean Islands. Vols 1-9. Edinburgh University

Press, Edinburgh.

Dennis RWG. 1981. British Ascomycetes. J. Cramer, Vaduz.

Ellis MB. 1960. Dematiaceous hyphomycetes. I. Mycological Papers 76. 36 p.

Ellis MB, Ellis JP. 1987. Microfungi on land plants: an identification handbook. Croom Helm,

London-Sydney.

Hiiseyin E. 2004. Cumminsiella mirabilis on Mahonia aquifolium in Turkey. Mycotaxon 90(1):

125-127.

Hiiseyin E, Selcuk F. 2001. New and poorly known genera of microfungi for Turkey. Turkish

Journal of Botany 25: 437-438.

Hiiseyin E, Selcuk F. 2002a. A new species of Septoria. Pakistan Journal of Botany 34(2): 113-115.

Hiiseyin E, Selcuk F. 2002b. A new species of Colletotrichum. Israel Journal of Plant Sciences 50(2):

161-163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1560/1NUH-YTR6-NBGG-W038

Hiiseyin E, Selcuk F. 2014. Coelomycetous fungi in several forest ecosystems of Black Sea provinces

of Turkey. Agriculture and Forestry 60(2): 19-32.

Hiiseyin E, Selcuk F, Sahin A. 2005. The world’s second record of Neoheteroceras flageoletii reported

from Turkey. Mycotaxon 94: 241-244.

Hiiseyin E, Selcuk FE, Churakov BP. 2014. Microfungi on forest trees and schrubs of Duzce Province

(Turkey) and Ulyanovsk Region (Russia). Ulyanovsk Medical and Biological Journal 4:

127-139. [In Russian].

Hiiseyinov E. 2000. New records of microfungi for Turkey. Israel Journal of Plant Sciences 48(1):

75-78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1560/9FCD-2N2D-M0C7-8FE5

Hiiseyinov E, Selcuk F. 1999. New records of phytopathogenic microfungi for Turkey. Plant Disease

Research 14: 175-176.

Hiiseyinov E, Selcuk F. 2001. Contribution to study of mycoflora of Turkey. I. Coelomycetes of

orders Melanconiales and Sphaeropsidales on forest trees and shrubs in the Black Sea coast (Rize

and Trabzon provinces). Mikologiya i Fitopatologiya 35(1): 28-33.

Kirk P. 2015. Index Fungorum. http://www.indexfungorum.org. Accessed 10 August 2015.

Kirk PM, Cannon PE, Minter DW, Stalpers JA. 2008. Ainsworth & Bisby’s dictionary of the fungi,

10th ed.. CABI International, Wallingford, UK. 771 p.

Magyar D, Révay A. 2009. Oncopodium elaeagni, a new hyphomycete from Hungary. Nova

Hedwigia 88(3-4): 475-481. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0029-5035/2009/0088-0475

Microfungi new for Turkey ... 335

Manoharachary C, Rao NK, Agarwal DK, Kunwar IK. 2006. Two new species of Acrodictys

M.B. Ellis from India. Indian Phytopathology 59(1): 91-93.

Melnik V, Huseyin E, Selcuk F 2004. Contribution to the studying of micromycetes in several

Black Sea provinces of Turkey. Novitates Systematicae Plantarum non Vascularum 37: 133-148.

Morelet M. 1985. Nouveaux binomes chez les Deuteromycotina. Annales de la Société des Sciences

Naturelles et d’Archéologie de Toulon et du Var 37(4): 233-234.

Seifert K, Morgan-Jones G, Gams W, Kendrick B. 2011. The genera of hyphomycetes. CBS

Biodiversity Series 9. 997 p.

Selcuk F, Ekici K. 2014. A new species of Manoharachariella (hyphomycetes) from Central Anatolia,

Turkey. Mycosphere 5: 419-423. http://dx.doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/5/3/4

Selcuk F, Hiiseyin E. 2014. New records of microfungi from Mountain Strandzha in Turkey (South-

Eastern Europe). II. Mikologiya i Fitopatologiya 48(3): 202-208.

Selcuk F, Hiiseyin E, Bitmis K. 2003. Some materials on mitosporic fungi from Turkey. II.

Coelomycetes. Botanica Lithuanica 9(2): 161-170.

Selcuk F, Erdogdu M, Akgiil H, Hiiseyin E. 2009. The genus Septoria Sacc. in Turkey. Mycopath 7:

21-28.

Selcuk F, Hiiseyin E, Bulbul AS. 2012a. Second record of Ramularia hypericicola - collected in

Turkey on a new host. Mycotaxon 119: 369-372. http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/119.369

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the diversity and phylogeny of leaf smut on rhubarbs. Mycol Progress 13: 881-892.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11557-014-0972-4

MYCOTAXON

April-June 2016—Volume 131, pp. 337-343

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/131.337

Merismatium, Porpidia and Protoparmelia spp.

new for Turkey and Asia

KENAN YAZICI **& ALI ASLAN”

‘Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University,

61080, Trabzon, Turkey

"Biology Department, Kazim Karabekir Education Faculty, Atatiirk University,

Erzurum, Turkey

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: kcagri_1997@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT — Three lichen species collected from the Mus and Burdur regions (Merismatium

deminutum, Porpidia zeoroides, Protoparmelia atriseda) have been determined as new to

Turkey and Asia. Descriptions are accompanied by notes on geographic distribution and

chemistry and comparisons with morphologically similar taxa.

Key worps — Ascomycota, biodiversity

Introduction

Recent studies on the lichen biota of Turkey have contributed many new records

for the country (Aptroot & Yazici 2012; Arslan et al. 2011; Yazici et al. 2010a,b,c;

2011a,b 2012; Karagéz & Aslan 2012; Karag6z et al. 2011; Kinalioglu & Aptroot 2011;

Osyczka et al. 2011; Vondrak et al. 2012). However, there are still many lichenologically

unexplored parts in Turkey and more explorations of those regions are needed.

Although approximately 650 lichen taxa have been noted from Turkey, including 389

taxa from Burdur province (Aptroot et al. 2015, Aslan & Yazici 2013, Cobanoglu 2005,

Oztiirk et al. 2005, Pisut & Guttova 2008, Senkardesler 2009, Yazici et al. 2013, 2015),

no lichen taxa have thus far been reported from the Mus region. Within our projects

“Lichen and bryophyte flora of Burdur provinces” and “Lichen flora of Mus and Bitlis

Provinces” we identified three lichens as new records for Turkey and for Asia.

Materials & methods

Kenan Yazici collected lichen samples in May, June, and July during a 2015

lichenological survey of the Mus and Burdur regions.

338 ... Yazici & Aslan

The Mus region (center, Bulanik and Varto districts) primarily encompasses vast

areas of meadow, large plains, and steppe but no high mountains or canyons are seen

(Baytop & Denizci 1963). Collecting localities are well-lit, windswept, treeless areas with

gently sloping terrain containing streams, grass, and calcareous and siliceous rocks. The

region’s climate is characterized by very cold snowy winters and short hot dry short

summers, with temperatures ranging from -29 to 41.6°C. Annual rainfall ranges from

350-1000 mm and the average humidity is 60.3% (Akman 1999).

The Burdur region (center, Kemer and Altinyayla districts) is mountainous and

heavily forested with intermittent streams, lakes, and dams (Baytop & Denizci 1963).

Forest tree species include Abies, Cedrus, Ficus, Fraxinus, Juniperus, Olea, Pinus,

Pistacia, Prunus, Quercus (especially Altinyayla district), and Rhus. The subcanopy flora

is very abundant although the nearby mountains are covered with marble rocks. The

region has a continental Mediterranean climate characterized by cold snowy winters

and very hot long dry summers. Temperatures range from -16 to 39°C with a mean

annual temperature of 15°C, and the mean annual rainfall is about 468 mm with an

average humidity of 51.2% (Akman 1999).

Samples were examined using a Nikon SMZ1500 stereomicroscope and Nikon

Eclipse 80i compound light microscope and identified by consulting the relevant

keys (Clauzade & Roux 1985, Hawksworth et al. 2010, Nash et al. 2001, Orange 2013,

Poelt & Leuckert 1991, Roux et al. 2002, Smith et al. 2009).

The descriptions are based on Turkish specimens and vouchers are stored in the

Herbarium of the Biology Department, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon,

Turkey (KTUB).

Taxonomy

Merismatium deminutum (Arnold) Cl. Roux & Nav.-Ros.,

Mycotaxon 84: 3(2002) Fic. 1

Thallus immersed clearly, white to greyish white, thin, tartareous, perithecia

in pits, numerous, with protecting, globose, immersed, minute, to 0.15 mm

diam., leaving pits in the rock; involucrellum present; perithecial wall entire,

with branched and anastomosing hyphae; cortical cells without papillae;

exciple dark pigmented, brown to dark brown, K+ dark brown, with faint violet

pigment around the ostiolar region; hyphae surrounding exciple colourless to

brownish, either I- or I + violet. Hymenium without photobiont, hamathecial

interascal filaments absent. Asci 8-spored, ascospores pale to dark brown, with

a distinct perispore, (18—)22-29(-31) x 8-14 um, ellipsoid or broadly oblong,

muriform with 5-8 transverse septa and 6-15 cells.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED — TURKEY. Mus: VARTO, Callidere village, roadside, 39°16’25”N

41°14’18’E, 1705 m, on calcareous rock, 01.07.2015, leg. Kenan Yazici. (KTUB-2422);

BuRDUwR: CENTER, towards Ulupinar village, roadside, 37°44’40”N 30°00’02’E, 1434 m,

on calcareous rock, 25.06.2013, leg. Kenan Yazici. (KTUB-2451).

Three new lichen records for Turkey ... 339

Fic. 1. Merismatium deminutum (KTUB-2422), habitus. Scale = 1 mm

REMARKS—A detailed description is provided by Roux et al. (2002).

Merismatium deminutum is similar to M. discrepans but differs by its larger

spores with thick perispores. Both species occasionally grow parasitically on

other lichens M. deminutum on Staurothele orbicularis and M. discrepans on

species of Catapyrenium, Protoblastenia, Aspicilia, Catillaria, and Hymenelia.

Species associated with our specimens were Acarospora cervina, Aspicilia

cinerea, Candelariella vitellina, Lecanora dispersa, Placynthium nigrum,

Protoparmeliopsis muralis, Verrucaria nigrescens, and V. parmigerella.

Previously known from Europe (England, Russia, Spain), M. deminutum is new

to Turkey and Asia.

Porpidia zeoroides (Anzi) Knoph & Hertel, Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. Miinchen 20:

477 (1984) Fic. 2

Thallus crustose, continuous, developed, pale white to chalk or + grey

white; surface, cracked, pruinose, papillose, verrucose, warty, rimose-areolate,

fissured, to 6.5 cm diam., 2.5 mm thick; apothecia black, sessile, superficial

disc, pruinose clearly, to 1.5-2 mm diam.., flat, flattened, expanded, convex with

receding margin later; medulla I-; hymenium 90-145 um; hypothecium brown,

340 ... Yazici & Aslan

Fic. 2. Porpidia zeoroides (KTUB-2425), habitus. Scale = 1 mm

black-brown, with crystals; epihymenium pale brown to brown; excipulum

developed, interior brown, fawn, with broad, relatively weakly pigmented outer

region; asci 8-spored, Porpidia-type; ascospores 17-29 x 7-13 um, ellipsoidal,

lumen unilocular, hyaline, perispore; epispore absent, thin; conidiomata

absent; conidia bacilliform; photobiont Trebouxia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED — TURKEY. Mus: CENTER, 200 m to Alanici village, roadside,

38°39'16”N 41°21’11”E, 1709 m, on calcareous rock, 29.05.2015, leg. Kenan Yazici.

(KTUB-2425), BuRDUR: KEMER, 3 km to Bozdag, Bozdag-Akpinar plateau, 37°19’37”N

30°04’45”E, 1425 m, on calcareous rock, 07.04.2013, leg. Kenan Yazici. (KTUB-2449).

REMARKS— A detailed description of Porpidia zeoroides is provided by Smith

et al. (2009). Porpidia shangrila, a similar species that also grows on calcareous

rocks, differs by its endolithic thallus, and bluish green epihymenium. Porpidia

superba is distinguished from P. zeoroides by its black apothecia and epithecium

with an olivaceous pigment.

Porpidia zeoroides occurs mainly on calcareous rocks. Species associated with

our specimens were Acarospora cervina, Aspicilia caesiocinerea, Candelariella

vitellina, Placynthium nigrum, and Protoparmeliopsis muralis. Previously

known from Europe and North America, P zeoroides is new to Turkey and

Asia.

Three new lichen records for Turkey ... 341

Fic. 3. Protoparmelia atriseda (KTUB-2426), habitus. Scale = 1 cm

Protoparmelia atriseda (Fr.) R. Sant. & V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-

Wiirttembergs, Verbreitungsatlas: 511 (1987) Fig. 3

Thallus crustose light brown to brown, glossy, +developed, forming patches,

to 3.5 cm across, + thick, verrucae or areoles; areoles not compacted, convex

or + hemispherical, 0.4-0.9 mm in diam. Apothecia + numerous, immersed at

first, <1 mm diam.; disc chestnut brown to red-brown, convex; margin, thin,

entire, later disappearing; exciple, concolorous with the thallus; epihymenium

+olive-brown; hymenium, hyaline, 45-50 um tall, I+ blue; paraphyses

coherent, + brown at tips; asci clavate, 8-spored; ascospores hyaline, simple,

oblong-ellipsoid to oblong with rounded ends, 7-14 x 4-6.5 um. Pycnidia rare,

immersed; conidia filiform, curved, 16-25 um long. Cortex and apothecia (in

sections) K+ yellow to red, C-, KC-, P+ yellow or orange, UV-, norstictic acid.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED — TURKEY. Mus: BuLANIK, 5 km to Arakonak village, roadside

39°04’09”N 42°07’49”E, 1602 m, on calcareous rock, 30.06.2015, leg. Kenan Yazici.

(KTUB-2426); BuRpuR: ALTINYAYLA, Karanlikdere canyon, 36°49’33”N 29°24’31.07”E,

1429 m, on calcareous rock, 23.08.2013, leg. Kenan Yazici. (KTUB-2448).

REMARKS— Detailed descriptions of Protoparmelia atriseda are provided by

Smith et al. (2009) and Poelt & Leuckert (1991). A similar species, P nephaea,

differs in its smaller thallus patches, association with Rhizocarpon geographicum

342 ... Yazici & Aslan

and R. lecanorinum (Poelt & Leuckert 1991), an absence of thalloconidia,

differing K+ cortical and apothecial reactions, and disc colour.

Species associated with our specimens were Candelariella vitellina,

Montanelia sorediata, and Rhizocarpon geographicum. Initially parasitic

(especially on R. geographicum and R. lecanorinum), P. atriseda is later

autonomous on well-lit upland or submontane hard siliceous rocks. Previously

known from Europe (Belgium, Denmark, France, Poland) and North America,

P. atriseda is new to Turkey and Asia.

Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Dr. Piotr Osyczka and Dr. Ludmilla FE Untari for revisions and

helpful comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. We also thank Dr. André

Aptroot for his comments about the identification of the species. This study was

supported by TUBITAK (Project 111T857 and 114Z892).

Literature cited

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1* edn., Kariyer Matbaacilik Ltd., Sti, Ankara. 350 p.

Aptroot A, Yazici K. 2009. Opegrapha pauciexcipulata, a new corticolous lichen from Turkey.

Mycotaxon 108: 155-158. http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/108.155

Aptroot A, Yazici K. 2012. A new Placopyrenium (Verrucariaceae) from Turkey. Lichenologist 44:

739-741. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0024282912000382

Aptroot A, Yazici K, Kosuthova A. 2015. Three Placynthiaceae reported new to Asia from limestone

in Turkey, with the description of the apothecia of Placynthium posterulum. Mycotaxon 28(1):

292-296.

Arslan B, Oztiirk $, Oran S. 2011. Lecanora, Phaeophyscia and Rinodina species new to Turkey.

Mycotaxon 116: 49-52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/116.49

Aslan A, Yazici K. 2013. New Lecanora, Lecidea, Melaspilea, Placynhium, and Verrucaria records

for Turkey and Asia. Mycotaxon 123: 321-326. http://dx.doi-org/10.5248/123.321

Baytop A, Denizci R. 1963. Tirkiye’nin flora ve vejetasyonuna: genel bir bakis. Ege Universitesi, Fen

Fakultesi Monografiler Ser. 1. 43 p.

Brodo IM, Sharnoff SD, Sharnoff S. 2001. Lichens of North America. New Haven, Conn. Yale

University Press, London. 795 p.

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Centre-Quest, Nouvelle Série, No. Spécial 7: 1-893.

Cobanoglu G. 2005. Lichen collection in the Herbarium of the University of Istanbul (ISTF).

Turkish Journal of Botany 29: 69-74

Hawksworth DL, Atienza V, Coppins BJ. 2010. Draft. Artificial keys to the lichenicolous fungi of

Great Britain, Ireland, the Channel Islands, Iberian Peninsula, and Canary Islands. [Fourth

draft edition for testing only. ]

Karag6z Y, Aslan A. 2012. Floristic lichen records from Kemaliye District (Erzincan) and Van

Province. Turkish Journal of Botany 36: 558-565.

Karagoz Y, Aslan A, Yazici K, Aptroot A. 2011. Diplotomma, Lecanora, and Xanthoria lichen species

new to Turkey. Mycotaxon 115: 115-119. http://dx.doi-org/10.5248/115.115

Three new lichen records for Turkey ... 343

Kinalioglu K, Aptroot A. 2011. Carbonea, Gregorella, Porpidia, Protomicarea, Rinodina,

Solenopsora, and ‘Thelenella lichen species new to Turkey. Mycotaxon 115: 125-129.

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/115.125

Nash TH, Ryan BD, Gries C, Bungartz F (eds). 2001. Lichen flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert

region. Vol 2. Tempe, Arizona State University.

Orange A. 2013. British and other pyrenocarpous lichens. Version 2. National Museum of Wales

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Osyczka P, Yazici K, Aslan A. 2011. Note on Cladonia species (lichenized Ascomycota) from

Ardahan Province (Turkey). Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 80: 59-62.

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Pisut I, Guttova A. 2008. Contribution to the lichen flora of Anatolia, Turkey. Sauteria 15: 403-415.

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Europa. Nova Hedwigia 52: 39-64.

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Mycotaxon 84: 1-20.

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51(3-4): 427-436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/ABot.51.2009.3-4.14

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2009. The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland. The British Lichen Society, London. 1046 p.

Vondrak J, Halici MG, Kocakaya M, Ondrakova OV. 2012. Teloschistaceae (lichenized Ascomycetes)

in Turkey. 1. Some records from Turkey. Nova Hedwigia 94: 385-396.

Yazici K, Aptroot A, Aslan A, Etayo J, Spier, Karagoz Y. 2010a. Lichenized and lichenicolous fungi

from nine different areas in Turkey. Mycotaxon 111: 113-116. http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/111.113

Yazici K, Aptroot A, Aslan A. 2010b. Three lichenized fungi new to Turkey and the Middle East.

Mycotaxon 111: 127-130. http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/111.127

Yazici K, Elix JA, Aslan A. 2010c. Some parmelioid lichens new to Turkey and Asia. Mycotaxon

111: 489-494. http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/111.489

Yazici K, Aptroot A, Aslan A, Vitikainen O, Piercey-Normore MD. 201 1a. Lichen biota of Ardahan

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[Abstract: Mycotaxon 116: 480. 2011.]

Yazici K, Aptroot A, Aslan A. 2011b. Lecanora wrightiana and Rhizocarpon inimicum, rare lichens

new to Turkey and Middle East. Mycotaxon 117: 145-148. http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/117.145

Yazici K, Aptroot A, Aslan A. 2012. Candelariella, Ochrolechia, Physcia, and Xanthoria species new

to Turkey. Mycotaxon 119: 149-156. http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/119.149

Yazici K, Aslan , Aptroot A. 2013. New lichen records from Turkey. Bangladesh Journal of Plant

Taxonomy 20(2): 207-211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v20i2.17395

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province (Turkey). [Abstract: Mycotaxon 130(3): 926. 2015]

http://www.mycotaxon.com/resources/checklists/Yazici-v130-3-checklist.pdf

MY COTAXON

April-June 2016— Volume 131, pp. 345-349

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/131.345

New Bacidia, Opegrapha, and Rhizocarpon records

for Turkey and Asia

KADIR KINALIOGLU ' & ANDRE APTROOT ”

'Giresun University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Biology,

Giire Yerleskesi, Giresun, Turkey

?Adviesbureau voor Bryologie en Lichenologie,

G.v.d. Veenstraat 107, NL-3762 XK Soest, The Netherlands

CORRESPONDENCE TO: kkinalioglu@hotmail.com & andreaptroot@gmail.com

ABSTRACT — Bacidia herbarum, Opegrapha dolomitica, Opegrapha saxigena, and Rhizocarpon

ridescens are newly recorded from Turkey. Opegrapha dolomitica and O. saxigena also

represent new lichen records for Asia. Brief descriptions are provided for each species.

Key worps—flora, Black Sea, Giresun

Introduction

In the last five years, lichenological investigations in Turkey have produced

many new lichen records for the country (e.g. Oztiirk & Giiveng 2010, Oran

& Oztiirk 2010, Arslan et al. 2011, Karagéz et al. 2011, Kinalioglu & Aptroot

2011, Senkardesler & Calba 2011, Vondrak et al. 2012, Aslan & Yazici 2013,

Cobanoglu et al. 2013, Yazici et al. 2013, Halici et al. 2014, Kocakaya et al.

2014). Despite the increase in the number of lichens recorded, additional study

is needed in some regions where the lichen flora remains poorly known. Here

we provide four additional lichen records for the Turkish lichen biota.

Materials & methods

The study material was collected during lichen-collecting excursions in the region

Giresun in the north of Turkey. Specimens were deposited in the herbarium of the

Biology Department, Faculty of Science and Arts, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey

(GUB). The collections were identified following routine microscopical techniques.

Water, 10% potassium hydroxide (KOH), and Lugol's iodine (I) were used as mountants

346 ... Kinalioglu & Aptroot

for hand-cut anatomical sections that were examined under the light microscope.

Ascospores were measured in water and KOH at 400x magnification.

Taxonomy

Bacidia herbarumi (Stizenb.) Arnold, Flora 48: 596. 1865.

Thallus muscicolous, whitish grey, thin. Apothecia dark brown-black,

scattered, 0.4-1 mm diam. Hymenium 45-55 um tall, epihymenium fawn,

hypothecium with upper part pale brownish-reddish. Ascospores 3-7- septate,

30-50 x 2-2.5 um. Pycnidia absent. Thallus C-, K-, KC-, PD-.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: TURKEY. GirESUN: Sebinkarahisar, N of Asarcik village,

40°25’11”N 38°23’33’E, 1856 m, on mosses, 26 Oct. 2014, leg. K.Kinalioglu (GUB 2378).

REMARKS—For detailed descriptions of the species see Thomson (1997), Smith

et al. (2009), and Dobson (2011). Bacidia herbarum is a rare boreal circumpolar

species, growing on mosses, on calcareous turf in grassland or amongst

limestone rocks, and on small perennial plants or plant debris, from sea level to

800 m (Thomson 1997, Smith et al. 2009, Dobson 2011). In Turkey, it has been

collected only on mosses at high elevation.

Known from Asia, Europe, and North America (Thomson 1997, Smith et al.

2009); this is the first record of B. herbarum for Turkey.

Bacidia herbarum is similar to B. bagliettoana, which has black apothecia

with a green epihymenium (Smith et al. 2009). The sizes of the apothecia,

ascospores, and hymenium in the Turkish specimen are smaller than the sizes

given by Thomson (1997; apothecia 0.4-1.5 mm diam, ascospores 30-60 x

1.5-3 um, hymenium 55-60 um), Smith et al. (2009; apothecia 0.3-0.7 mm.

diam., ascospores 36-60 x 2-2.5 um, hymenium 45-60 um), and Dobson (2011;

apothecia <0.7 mm diam., ascospores 30-50 x 2-3 um, hymenium 45-60 um).

The Turkish collection also differs ecologically by growing on siliceous rock.

Opegrapha dolomitica (Arnold) Clauzade & Cl. Roux ex Torrente & Egea, Biblioth.

Lichenol. 32: 146. 1989.

Thallus saxicolous, thin or immersed, cream. Apothecia black, scattered,

0.4-1.5 x 0.25-0.7 mm diam. Hymenium 90-120 um tall, epihymenium pale

brownish. Ascospores hyaline, 3-septate, 16-24 x 5-7um, clavate, with a thin

perispore. Thallus C-, K-, KC-, PD-, UV-.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: TURKEY. GIRESUN: Kesap, Degirmenagzi village, sea shore,

40°58’23”N 38°37'29’E, 2 m, on siliceous rock, 19 May 2015, leg. K.Kinalioglu

(GUB 2379).

REMARKS—For detailed descriptions of the species see Smith et al. (2009) and

Dobson (2011). Opegrapha dolomitica is found on sheltered moist limestone

or calcareous schists, the side of flints in limestone pavement, mortar, or

New lichen records for Turkey & Asia... 347

associated base-rich siliceous rock (Smith et al. 2009, Dobson 2011). In Turkey,

we recorded it only from coastal siliceous rocks on the Black Sea shore.

Known from Europe (Smith et al. 2009); this is the first record of the species

for Turkey and Asia.

Opegrapha dolomitica differs from O. calcarea by the K-, brown pigmentation

of the apothecial tissues, longer ascospores, and the usually longitudinally

furrowed or gnarled-subgyrose shape of the apothecium (Smith et al. 2009). The

Turkish material of O. dolomitica differs from European specimens by having

smaller apothecia and ascospores. In European collections, the apothecia are

0.5-3 x 0.16-0.35 mm, and the ascospores are 20-31 x 5-8 um (Smith et al.

2009). The Turkish collection differs ecologically in occurring on siliceous rock

at a coastal locality.

Opegrapha saxigena Taylor, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 2, 13: 93. 1854.

Thallus saxicolous, thin, superficial, brownish or purplish-brown. Apothecia

black, 0.5-1.1 x 0.18-0.4 mm diam. Hymenium 80-120 um tall, epihymenium

brown. Ascospores hyaline, 3-septate, 16.5-21 x 4-5 um, narrowly ellipsoid or

rarely lightly clavate. Thallus C-, K-, KC-, PD-, UV-.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: TURKEY. GIRESUN: SW of centre, Boztekke village, 40°55’05”N

38°18'31”E, 8 m, on siliceous rock, 10 Apr. 2010, leg. K.Kinalioglu (GUB 2380).

REMARKS—For detailed descriptions of the species see Smith et al. (2009) and

Dobson (2011). Elsewhere in its range O. saxigena grows on deeply shaded

siliceous rock, particularly in old woodlands, rarely on smooth bark (e.g., Ilex),

often forming extensive communities with O. gyrocarpa and O. zonata and

locally frequent (Smith et al. 2009, Dobson 2011). In Turkey, our sample was

collected from siliceous rock in partly shaded and damp hazelnut gardens. In

accordance with the literature, our sample grew together with O. zonata.

Known from western Europe (Smith et al. 2009), this is the first record of

O. saxigena for Turkey and Asia.

Opegrapha saxigena differs from O. gyrocarpa and O. zonata by the absence

of soralia and the lack of lichen products (Smith et al. 2009). The apothecia and

ascospores in the Turkish collection are almost the same size as given by Smith

et al. (2009; apothecia 0.5-1.4 x 0.15-0.45 mm. diam, ascospores 15-22 x

4—6 um) and Dobson (2011; apothecia <1 mm diam, ascospores 15-20 x

4-5 um).

Rhizocarpon ridescens (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Nat. Pflanzenfam. 1(1*): 138. 1905.

Thallus saxicolous, areolate, areoles to 1.2 mm diam, roundish, strongly

convex, dispersed, pale greenish-yellow, with granular soralia; prothallus black,

medulla I+ blue. Apothecia absent. Medulla K-, PD+ yellow

348 ... Kinalioglu & Aptroot

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: TURKEY. GrrEsun: Sebinkarahisar, between Asarcik village and

Saplica village, stream bank, 40°24’13”N 38°25’09’E, 1504 m, on iron-bearing siliceous

rock, 26 Oct. 2014, leg. K.Kinalioglu (GUB 2381).

REMARKS—For a detailed description of the species see Smith et al. (2009).

Rhizocarpon ridescens grows on metal-rich siliceous rocks in montane to

alpine localities (Wirth 1995) and is also reported from a south-facing metal-

rich vertical siliceous crag at an elevation of 430 m in Scotland (Smith et al.

(2009). In Turkey, Rhizocarpon ridescens was found on iron-bearing siliceous

rock on a stream bank at an altitude of 1504 m, accompanied by Rhizocarpon

lecanorinum, Lecidea silacea, and Rhizocarpon oederi.

Known from central Asia and Europe (Smith et al. 2009), this is the first

record of the species for Turkey.

Rhizocarpon ridescens is distinguished from the other yellow Rhizocarpon

species in having soredia, although some Lecanora species can be similar and

the brown R. furfurosum has blastidia (Smith et al. 2009). The size of the areoles

in the Turkish material is slightly larger than the size previously reported by

Smith et al. (2009; soralia <1 mm diam.).

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Dr. H. Sipman & Dr. Alan Orange for reviewing this paper.

Literature cited

Arslan B, Oztiirk $, Oran S. 2011. Lecanora, Phaeophyscia and Rinodina species new to Turkey.

Mycotaxon 116: 49-52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/116.49

Aslan A, Yazici K. 2013. New Lecanora, Lecidea, Melaspilea,Placynthium, and Verrucaria records

for Turkey and Asia. Mycotaxon 123: 321-326. http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/123.321

Cobanoglu G, Acikgéz B, Baloniu L. 2013. Contributions to lichen diversity of Turkey from the

Sarisu area (Kocaeli). Turkish Journal of Botany 37: 964-969.

http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/bot-1207-23

Dobson FS. 2011. Lichens: an illustrated guide to the British and Iris species. Richmond Publishing,

Slough. 496 p.

Halici1 MG, Candan M, Gullu M, Ozcan A. 2014. Phoma recepii sp. nov. from the Caloplaca cerina

group in Turkey. Mycotaxon 129(1): 163-168. http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/129.163

Karag6z Y, Aslan A, Yazici K, Aptroot A. 2011. Diplotomma, Lecanora, and Xanthoria lichen species

new to Turkey. Mycotaxon 115: 115-119. http://dx.doi-org/ 10.5248/115.115

Kinahoglu K, Aptroot A. 2011. Carbonea, Gregorella, Porpidia, Protomicarea, Rinodina,

Solenopsora, and ‘Thelenella lichen species new to Turkey. Mycotaxon 115: 125-129.

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/115.125

Kocakaya M, Halici MG, Aksoy A. 2014. Lichenized and lichenicolous fungi of Gevne Valley

(Konya, Antalya). Turkish Journal of Botany 38: 358-369.

http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/bot- 1303-29

Oran S, Oztiirk $. 2010. Three lichenized fungi new to Turkey. Mycotaxon 112: 389-392.

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/112.389.

New lichen records for Turkey & Asia ... 349

Oztiirk §, Giiveng §. 2010. Additional lichen records from the western Black Sea region of Turkey.

Acta Botanica Hungarica 52(1-2): 159-175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/ABot.52.2010.1-2.14.

Senkardesler A, Calba OF 2011. New lichen records from Turkey-2: Aspicilia, Protoparmeliopsis,

and Ramalina Mycotaxon 115: 263-270. http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/115.263

Smith CW, Aptroot A, Coppins BJ, Fletcher A, Gilbert OL, James PW, Wolseley PA. 2009. The

lichens of Great Britain and Ireland. British Lichen Society, London. 1046 p.

Thomson JW. 1997. American arctic lichens. 2. The microlichens. University of Wisconsin Press,

Madison. 675 p.

Vondrak J, Halict MG, Kocakaya M, Ondrakova OV. 2012. Teloschistaceae (lichenized

Ascomycetes) in Turkey. 1. Some records from Turkey. Nova Hedwigia 94(3-4): 385-396.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0029-5035/2012/0007

Wirth V. 1995. Die Flechten Baden-Wiurttembergs. Teil 1-2. Ulmer, Stuttgart. 1006 p.

Yazic1 K, Aslan A, Aptroot A. 2013. New lichen records from Turkey. Bangladesh Journal of Plant

Taxonomy 20(2): 207-211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v20i2.17395

MY COTAXON

April-June 2016— Volume 131, pp. 351-356

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/131.351

Helicoma jianfenglingense sp. nov. and

Cubasina and Endophragmiella species new to China

JIAN-MEI GAO, CHUN-LING YANG, JIN- YE WANG, JI-WEN XIA,

YING-RuI Ma & X1IU-GUO ZHANG

Department of Plant Pathology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China

*CORRESPONDENCE TO: sdau613@163.com, zhxg@sdau.edu.cn

ABSTRACT — A new species, Helicoma jianfenglingense, is described and illustrated from

specimens collected on dead branches in Hainan Province. It differs in conidial morphology

from the other known Helicoma species. Descriptions and illustrations are provided of two

other asexual fungi, Endophragmiella albiziae and Cubasina albofusca, which are recorded for

the first time from China.

Key worps — hyphomycetes, taxonomy

Introduction

The genus Helicoma was introduced by Corda (1837), with the type species

H. muelleri Corda. The early concept of Helicoma was often confused with Helicomyces

and Helicosporium for their similar helical conidia. Linder (1929), who treated 26

Helicoma species, characterized the genus as having thick-walled, non-hygroscopic,

coiled conidia that distinguished it from Helicomyces and Helicosporium and other allied

genera with hygroscopic conidia. Zhao et al. (2007) dealt with Helicoma and accepted 45

species. Since then, three additional Helicoma species have been described (Boonmee

et al. 2014). A fungus with the morphological characteristics of Helicoma is proposed

here as a new species.

In addition, two other anamorphic fungi, Endophragmiella albiziae and Cubasina

albofusca, have been collected that represent new records for China. About 75 species

have been accepted in Endophragmiella (Kirk et al. 2008) while Cubasina contains two

species (Castafieda-Ruiz 1986, Marques et al. 2007).

Specimens were collected on decaying twigs and dead stems in the tropical forests from

China and are deposited in the Herbarium, Department of Plant Pathology, Shandong

352 ... Gao & al.

Agricultural University, Taian, China (HSAUP) and the Mycological Herbarium, Institute

of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (HMAS).

Helicoma jianfenglingense J.M. Gao & X.G. Zhang, sp. nov. FIG. 1

MycoBank MB 817482

Differs from most other Helicoma species by its semi-helicoid conidia.

Type: China. Hainan Province: Jianfengling National Forest Park, on dead stems of

unidentified broadleaf tree, 20 Apr. 2015, J.M. Gao (Holotype, HSAUP H9713; isotype,

HMAS 245603).

ETyMOLoGy: in reference to the type locality.

A Br LC >,

Fic. 1. Helicoma jianfenglingense (holotype, HSAUP H9713). A. conidiophores, conidiogenous

cells, and conidia. B. conidiophore and conidiogenous cell. C. conidia.

Helicoma jianfenglingense sp. nov. (China) ... 353

Colonies on natural substrate effuse, pale brown to brown, hairy. Mycelium partly

superficial, partly immersed in the substratum, composed of septate, smooth,

branched hyphae. Conidiophores simple or rarely branched, erect, straight

or slightly flexuous, dark brown, slightly paler in the distal part, cylindrical,

smooth-walled, septate, 70-150 x 3-4 um. Conidiogenous cells mono- or

polyblastic, integrated, terminal or rarely intercalary, determinate, cylindrical,

denticulate, smooth, sporogenous denticles pale brown, inconspicuous,

cylindrical, 1-2 x 0.5-1 um. Conidia dry, solitary, acropleurogenous, hyaline,

semi-helicoid, coiled %4-% times, 5.5-13.5 um in diam; smooth, conidial

filament 4-5 um wide, indistinctly 2-12-septate, rounded at the apex, with a

distinctly darkened conidial scar.

ComMMENTS—Helicoma jianfenglingense differs from previously described

species of Helicoma in the number of conidial coils. The semi-helicoid conidia

of H. jianfenglingense are less coiled than those of other Helicoma species (coiled

%—4'% times; Zhao 2007). Helicoma indicum also has semi-helicoid conidia, but

they are smaller, uniseptate, and coiled %-% times, and the conidiophores are

fasciculate to synnematous (Gawas & Bhat 2007).

Endophragmiella albiziae (M.B. Ellis) S. Hughes, New Zealand J. Bot. 17:146 (1979)

Fic. 2

= Domingoella albiziae M.B. Ellis, Mycol. Pap. 131: 3 (1972)

Colonies effuse, pale brown to brown, hairy or velvety. Mycelium partly

superficial, partly immersed in the substratum, composed of septate, smooth,

pale brown to dark brown, 1-9 um thick hyphae. Conidiophores arising

singly, terminally and laterally on the hyphae, straight or flexuous, subulate

or cylindrical, septate, brown to dark blackish brown, paler towards the apex,

with 0-9 terminal proliferations, 200-500 x 5-9 um, sometimes swollen at the

base. Conidiogenous cells monoblastic, terminal, brown, cylindrical. Conidia

solitary, dry, formed first at the apex and then terminally on each successive

percurrent proliferation, spherical, pale brown to brown, aseptate, smooth,

thick-walled, 16-20 um diam. with a short cylindrical pedicel at the base.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: CHINA. YUNNAN PROVINCE, tropical forest of Menglun, on

dead stems of unidentified broadleaf tree, 19 Dec. 2014, J.M. Gao (HSAUP H9605).

ComMENtTs—The transfer of Domingoella albiziae to Endophragmiella by

Hughes (1979) is currently accepted (Kirk 1985, Kirk et al. 2008, Seifert et

al. 2011). The species is reported for the first time from China. The Chinese

specimen closely matches the protologue description (Ellis 1972, as D. albiziae;

Hughes 1979), except that the type specimen has slightly bigger conidia (16-22

um diam).

354 ... Gao & al.

08000800

20um

Fic. 2. Endophragmiella albiziae (HSAUP H9605). A, D. conidiophores, conidiogenous cells,

and conidia. B. conidiophore and conidiogenous cells. C. conidia.

Cubasina albofusca R.F. Castafieda, Deuteromyc. Cuba, Hyphomyc 4: 6 (1986) — Fia. 3

Colonies on natural substrate effuse, hairy. Mycelium partly superficial,

partly immersed in the substratum, composed of septate, hyaline, smooth

hyphae. Conidiophores mononematous, simple, distinct, erect, straight or

Helicoma jianfenglingense sp. nov. (China) ... 355

a c

Fic. 3. Cubasina albofusca (HSAUP H9636). A, B. conidiophores, conidiogenous cells,

and conidia. C. conidia.

slightly flexuous, geniculate, hyaline, unbranched, 30-120 x 3.5-7.0 um.

Conidiogenous cells monoblastic, integrated, terminal, cylindrical, hyaline.

Conidia acrogenous, blastic, solitary, dictyoseptate, distinctly irregular, smooth,

thick-walled, globose or subglobose, brown when mature, 20-30 x 15-25 um.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: CHINA. YUNNAN PROVINCE, tropical forest of Mengyang, on

dead stems of unidentified broadleaf tree, 22 Dec. 2014, J.M. Gao (HSAUP H9636).

ComMENtTS—Cubasina albofusca, which was described from Cuba, is reported

for the first time from China. The Chinese specimen closely matches the

protologue description (Castaneda-Ruiz 1986), except that the type specimen

has longer conidiophores (40-150 x 2-3.5 um) and smaller acropleurogenous

conidia (17-25 x 10-18 um).

Acknowledgments

The authors express gratitude to Dr. Bryce Kendrick and Dr. Eric H.C. McKenzie for

serving as pre-submission reviewers and for their valuable comments and suggestions.

This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China

(Nos. 31093440, 31230001) and the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s

Republic of China (Nos. 2006FY120100).

356 ... Gao & al.

Literature cited

Boonmee S, Rossman AY, Liu JK, Crous PW, Bhat JD, Chukeatirote E, Jones EBG, Hyde KD. 2014.

Tubeufiales, ord. nov., integrating sexual and asexual generic names. Fungal Diversity 68:

239-298. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13225-014-0304-7

Castaneda-Ruiz RE 1986. Deuteromycotina de Cuba. Hyphomycetes 4 : 1-17.

Corda ACJ. 1837. Icones fungorum hucusque cognitorum 1: 1-32.

Ellis MB. 1972. Dematiaceous hyphomycetes. XI. Mycological Papers 131: 1-25.

Gawas P, Bhat DJ. 2007. Vittalia indica gen. & sp. nov. and Helicoma indicum sp. nov. from the

forests of northeastern India. Mycotaxon 100: 295-303.

Hughes SJ. 1979: Relocation of species of Endophragmia auct. with notes on relevant generic names.

New Zealand Journal of Botany 17(2): 139-188.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0028825X.1979.10426887

Kirk PM. 1985. New or interesting microfungi XIV. Dematiaceous hyphomycetes from Mt Kenya.

Mycotaxon 23: 305-352.

Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA. 2008. Ainsworth & Bisby’s dictionary of the fungi.

CAB International, Wallingford. 771 p.

Linder DH. 1929. A monograph of the helicosporous fungi imperfecti. Annals of the Missouri

Botanical Garden 16: 227-388. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2394038

Marques MFO, Barbosa FR, Gusmao LFP, Castafieda Ruiz RF, Maia LC. 2007. Conidial fungi from

semi-arid Caatinga biome of Brazil. Cubasina microspora sp. nov., a note on C. albofusca, and

some new records for South America. Mycotaxon 102: 17-23.

Seifert K, Morgan-Jones G, Gams W, Kendrick B. 2011. The genera of hyphomycetes.

CBS Biodiversity Series 9. 997 p.

Zhao GZ, Liu XZ, Wu WP. 2007. Helicosporous hyphomycetes from China. Fungal Diversity 26:

313-524.

MYCOTAXON

April-June 2016— Volume 131, pp. 357-366

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/131.357

Evidence for Gymnosporangium atlanticum in Europe

José Luis FERNANDEZ *, IMMA LLORENS ? & PABLO ALVARADO 3

‘Avda. Parrizal 30, E-44588 Beceite, Teruel, Spain

*Guaranis 11, E-08304 Mataro, Barcelona, Spain

°ALVALAB, La Rochela 47, E-39012, Santander, Cantabria, Spain

*CORRESPONDENCE TO: jolfdez@hotmail.com

ABSTRACT — Specimens morphologically identical to Gymnosporangium atlanticum have

been found in Spain at four different locations. We describe these findings and provide an

accurate description and illustrations. DNA sequences from these specimens are closely

enough related to those from G. sabinae that the two species cannot be discriminated with

the three DNA markers employed.

Key worps — teliospores, Juniperus, Morocco, Mediterranean, ITS, TEFla

Introduction

The genus Gymnosporangium R. Hedw. ex DC. (Pucciniales) is widespread

in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Its species are obligate

parasites of vascular plants, with a complex life cycle that includes several states

with different spore types. Most of these taxa are heteroecious, this is, they

alternate different biological states in two distinct hosts: the annual aecial state

on dicotyledonous host plants (mainly Rosaceae), and a perennial telial state on

gymnosperms (especially Juniperus).

Gymnosporangium atlanticum was first described from specimens in the

telial state found on Juniperus phoenicea L. growing in dunes at Mehedya, on

the Atlantic coast of Morocco (Guyot & Malencon 1957). This species was

reported again from Morocco (Rieuf 1969), on J. phoenicea and Juniperus sp. In

his monograph on Gymnosporangium, Kern (1973) considered G. atlanticum

an exclusively African species. To our knowledge, there seem to be no other

published records of this taxon except for one citation from China (Zhao &

358 ... Fernandez, Llorens, & Alvarado

Zhuang 2006), where specimens on Juniperus sabina L. were identified as

G. atlanticum based on Kern's description.

There is a report by Llimona & Vila (1998) mentioning the occurrence of

telia of G. atlanticum growing on Juniperus thurifera L. and J. phoenicea in

Retuerta de Pina (Zaragoza, Spain). This report refers to several specimens in

the telial state collected by J. Blasco-Zumeta in 1989, 1990, and 1993, which

were morphologically identified by one of us (I. Llorens) as G. atlanticum and

which also match samples found by Llorens in Punta de la Mora (Tarragona,

Spain) in 1987, 1989, and 1990 on Juniperus phoenicea subsp. turbinata (Guss.)

Nyman (as “J. phoenicea subsp. lycia”) in sandy soil near sea level. In 2014,

2105, and 2016 new specimens were located in Punta de la Mora on the same

host, and in 2016 specimens on J. phoenicea were found in two new sites in

Tarragona.

The purpose of the present work is to provide morphological and molecular

data from these unpublished European collections in order to support future

diagnostic and phylogenetic studies in Gymnosporangium.

Materials & methods

A piece of the holotype of G. atlanticum stored in the herbarium of the Université

de Montpelier H, France (MPU), was kindly loaned by Dr. Jean-Michel Bellanger and

Dr. Caroline Loup. The Spanish material examined from years 1987 to 1990 is stored

in the herbarium CeDoc de Biodiversitat Vegetal, University of Barcelona, Spain

(BCN) and the 2016 specimens from La Sénia are in P. Prats personal herbarium

(PPR); the remaining specimens are kept at J.L. Fernandez personal herbarium (JLF)

and are available on request. Microscopic examination was conducted using a Leica

TABLE 1. Spanish Gymnosporangium specimens from Juniperus and Pyrus hosts

used in DNA sequencing, with GenBank accession numbers.

TAXON Host LocaLity Hers. JLF LSU ITS TEFla

G.atlanticum J. phoeniceasubsp. ‘Tarragona 20140331-6 - KM403109 -

turbinata

20140331-7 7 KP261044—-

20140331-10 KM403111 KM403108 -

20150227-M1 KT160254 KT160250 KT160255

20150227-M2 KT160253 KT160251 KT160256

G. sabinae J. oxycedrus Teruel 20140330-3 M2. - KM403110 KM403112

20150325-2 M2 - KT160252.—-

G. sabinae P. communis Teruel 20140923-H2 - KP261039—_-

Gymnosporangium atlanticum in Spain ... 359

1000 LED microscope equipped with a EC3 camera; samples from all specimens were

mounted in water and additionally in 3% KOH for the holotype and the BCN herbarium

material. The teliospores were measured with the Piximetre 5.5 software. Specimens

were identified based on the original protologue by Guyot & Malencon and the direct

examination of the holotype.

DNA was extracted from eight dry specimens (TABLE 1), and the polymerase chain

reaction (PCR) was performed according to Alvarado et al. (2012). Primers ITS1F and

ITS4 (White et al. 1990, Gardes & Bruns 1993) were employed to amplify the ITS region,

while LROR and LR5 (Vilgalys & Hester 1990) were used for the 28S nLSU region, and

EF1-983F and EF1-1567R (Rehner & Buckley 2005) for the translation elongation factor

gene (TEFla). PCR products were checked in 1% agarose gels, and positive reactions

were sequenced with the same primers. Chromatograms were checked for putative

reading errors, which were corrected.

Taxonomy

Gymnosporangium atlanticum Guyot & Malencon, Trav. Inst. Scient. Chérifien Sér.

Bot. 11:15, 1957. PLs 1-3

TELIA located on fusiform swellings, in branches of various sizes, erumpent

through the bark of the host, also on green stems, often confluent, pulvinate,

hemispheric 1.5-3 mm in diameter or elongated <2 x 5 mm, 1-2.5 mm high,

dark brown, swelling slightly when moist. TELIOsPporREs 2-celled, ellipsoidal,

apex rounded to conical, base narrowed or sub-rounded, with lipid droplets

when young, pedicel cylindrical, hyaline. There are two types of teliospores: the

most abundant are slender, constricted at the septum, with fairly homogeneous

wall thickness, although often thickened at the apex, light colored,

(41-)48.4-48.6(-56) x (16.5-)21.3-21.5(-26) um, Qm = 2.3; the less abundant

teliospores are rounded, slightly or not at all constricted at the septum,

provided with a darker and often thinner wall sometimes thickened near

the septum, (38-)45.7-46.4(-54) x (22.5-)27.1-27.5(-32) um, Qm = 1.7;

measures including the two types of teliospores are (40.5—)48.1-48.3(-56) x

(16—)22-22.1(-28) um, Qm = 2.2. Wall thickness (from both types of spores):

1.2-3.9 um. There are intermediate forms between the two main ones already

described and also (exceptionally) teliospores with 1 or 3 cells. Germ pores are

readily visible; (2—)3-4(-rarely 5) are usually arranged in a more or less narrow

band near the septum in both cells, often with 1(-—2) additional pores located

near the apex or base of the higher or lower cells, respectively. BASIDIOSPORES

ovoid in front view, broadly ellipsoidal with a straight side or kidney-shaped in

side view, apiculate, 15-18 x 9-11 um, Qm = 1.6.

ECOLOGY & DISTRIBUTION—According to quotes from Morocco, China and

Spain, this species develops the telial state in branches of Juniperus sect. Sabina.

In Tarragona, it was found on J. phoenicea subsp. turbinata in a coastal dune area

360 ... Fernandez, Llorens, & Alvarado

PLATE 1. Gymnosporangium atlanticum, holotype (MPUC03909). A: dried telia. B, C: teliospores

of two types. D-F: arrangement of the germ pores; 4 pores per cell in bands near the septum,

with additional pores toward the end of both cells. (A, photo by J-M. Bellanger; B-F, photos by

J.L. Fernandez).

and on J. phoenicea in mountain zones with Pinus sp. also present; in Retuerta de

Pina, Zaragoza, the hosts were J. phoenicea and J. thurifera in a Mediterranean

steppe habitat. The 24-II-1990 collection from Retuerta de Pina included telia

growing on a host galbulus (an unusual substrate for Gymnosporangium)

but unfortunately the infected galbulus was not conserved in the herbarium

specimen. The aecial state of G. atlanticum is thus far unknown.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED —

Gymnosporangium atlanticum: MOROCCO: Mehedya, on Juniperus phoenicea,

19-II-1939, leg. Ch. Rungs (holotype MPUC03909). SPAIN: TARRAGONA, Punta de

la Mora, 0-25 m asl, on Juniperus phoenicea subsp. turbinata (as “Juniperus phoenicea

subsp. lycia”), 20-I-1987, leg. P. Navarro (BCN-myc ILL 1331); leg. A. Gdmez (BCN-

myc ILL 1352); leg. M. Tabares (BCN-myc ILL 1353); leg. A. Gomez, P. Navarro et al.

(BCN-myc ILL 1377); 20-IV-1989, leg. X. Llimona & N. Pamies (BCN-myc ILL 1498);

2-4 m asl on Juniperus phoenicea subsp. turbinata, 31-II1-2014, leg. J. Castillo & P. Prats

Gymnosporangium atlanticum in Spain ... 361

PLATE 2. Gymnosporangium atlanticum, 1987-1990 collections. A, B: dried telia. C: telia and

teliospores (drawing by I. Llorens). D-F: teliospores of two types. G-J: variation in teliospore germ

pores (G: 4 pores per cell in bands near the septum; H: bands with 4 and 5 pores, plus 1 per cell

towards the apex and base respectively; I: 8 pores in upper cell and 7 in lower cell; J: teliospore

1-celled with 10 pores apparently on 5 parallel planes). (Photos by J.L. Fernandez).

(LF 20140331-3); LF 20140331-4); LF 20140331-5); (JLF 20140331-6; GenBank

KM403109); (JLF 20140331-7; GenBank KP261044); (JLF 20140331-8); (JLF 20140331-

9); JLF 20140331-10; GenBank KM403108, KM403111); (JLF 20140331-11); 04-IV-

2014, leg. P. Prats (JLF 20140404-1); (JLF 20140404-2); 27-II-2015, leg. J. Castillo & P.

Prats (JLF 20150227-M1; GenBank KT160250, KT160254, KT160255); (JLF 20150227-

M2; GenBank KT160251, KT 160253, KT160256); (JLF 20150227-M3); (JLF 20150227-

M6); (JLF 20150227-M7); (JLF 20150227-M8); (JLF 20150227-M9); (JLF 20150227-

M10); 19-III-2015, leg. P. Prats (JLF 20150319-1); Cornudella de Monsant, 850 m asl, on

Juniperus phoenicea, 27-11-2016, leg. P. Prats (JLF 20160327); La Sénia, 1110 m asl, on

Juniperus phoenicea, leg. P. Prats (PPR 9584M5). ZARAGOZA, Retuerta de Pina, 390-395

m asl, on Juniperus thurifera, 14-V-1989, leg. J. Blasco-Zumeta (BCN-myc ILL 1508);

24-II-1990, leg. J. Blasco-Zumeta (BCN-myc ILL 1557; on J. phoenicea, 04-II-1990, leg.

J. Blasco-Zumeta; (BCN-myc ILL 1560).

362 ... Fernandez, Llorens, & Alvarado

N 20 ym 20 um

PLATE 3. Gymnosporangium atlanticum, 2014-2015 collections. A-C: telia (A: moist; B, C: dry).

D-F: teliospores of two types (E: germinating teliospore; F: basidium and basidiospore). G-I: germ

pores (G: 4 pores per cell in bands near the septum; H, I: with additional pores towards the end of

both cells). (A-C, photos by P. Prats; D-I, photos by J.L. Fernandez).

Gymnosporangium sabinae: SPAIN: TERUEL, Beceite, Barranco Comellasos, 595

m asl, on Juniperus oxycedrus L., 30-III-2014, leg. J.L. Fernandez (JLF 20140330-3 M2;

GenBank KM403110, KM403112); 25-III-2015, leg. J.L. Fernandez (JLF 20150325-2

M1); LF 20150325-2 M2; GenBank KT160252); (JLF 20150325-2 M3); (JLF 20150325-

3 M1); (JLF 20150325-3 M2); [LF 20150325-3 M3); (JLF 20150325-3 M4); (JLF

20150325-3 M5); (JLF 20150325-3 M6); (JLF 20150325-3 M7); Parrizal 30, 579 m asl,

on Pyrus communis L., 23-IX-2014, leg. J.L. Fernandez (JLF 20140923-H2; GenBank

KP261039). BALEARES, Mallorca, Soller, on Juniperus phoenicea subsp. turbinata,

18-III-2015, leg. J. Bibiloni (JLF 20150318).

Gymnosporangium atlanticum in Spain ... 363

Discussion

Morphological and ecological features of the Spanish collections match

those of the protologue of Gymnosporangium atlanticum as well as our own

observations of the holotype. We believe that all these specimens represent a

single taxon, which we regard as the first report of G. atlanticum in Spain and

Europe.

Three other Gymnosporangium species produce teliospores with more than

two pores per cell: G. multiporum F. Kern from USA teliospores have 5-7

scattered pores, but no special pattern can be observed (Kern 1909), while

G. gjaerumii Korbonsk. & Azbukina from Asia teliospores have 4 pores located

more or less close to the septum (Azbukina 1997). Both G. multiporum and

G. gjaerumii develop telia on juniper leaves while the telia of G. atlanticum occur

in branches. Finally, G. taianum F. Kern from Asia resembles G. atlanticum in

the number and distribution of the teliospore pores, but its host is Cupressus

(Kern 1964).

We hope that our DNA sequences, the first molecular data from

morphologically validated specimens of G. atlanticum, will help identify its

aecial state in the future. A BLAST search of the ITS region from G. atlanticum

revealed a 99% identity with several sequences identified as G. sabinae

(Dicks.) G. Winter from an unpublished work by Filipp & Spornberger (seq.

KF925316-KF925321) but only 86% identity with a sequence (KJ720183) from

KJ720165 Gymnosporangium confusum

KJ720182 Gymnosporangium nipponicum

KT160250 Gymnosporangium atlanticum

0.92 | KT160251 Gymnosporangium atlanticum

~ KT160252 Gymnosporangium sabinae

0.32 | ~ KM403110 Gymnosporangium sabinae

+ KM403108 Gymnosporangium atlanticum

+ KM403109 Gymnosporangium atlanticum

0.86 | | KP261039 Gymnosporangium sabinae

KP261044 Gymnosporangium atlanticum

iO KF925316 Gymnosporangium sabinae

~ KF925320 Gymnosporangium sabinae

KJ720183 Gymnosporangium sabinae

| ras | KJ720176 Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae

| a : : |

| 0.99 — HQ317510 Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae

! DQ267127 Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae

enema re cr

0.02

PLaTE 4. Consensus phylogram constructed in MrBayes 3.1 from an alignment of the ITS sequences

produced with those most closely related in public databases. Nodes with >0.80 PP support are

annotated. Sequences highlighted in bold have been produced in the present work.

364 ... Fernandez, Llorens, & Alvarado

a) ere

PLATE 5. Gymnosporangium sabinae. Top: moist telia. Bottom: teliospores of two types, and

basidiospores (mostly out of focus). (Photos by J.L. Fernandez).

another specimen of G. sabinae from Novick et al. (unpubl.) (PLATE 4). LSU

data revealed subtle differences with a sequence from Novick et al. (unpubl.),

and other G. sabinae sequences from a Turkish specimen found on Pyrus sp.

(Dervis et al. 2010). TEFla sequences found no close BLAST match, but only

a 87% similarity with a G. clavariiforme sequence (DQ925242) from van der

Merwe et al. (2007). Attempts to obtain DNA sequences from the G. atlanticum

holotype and the specimens collected from 1987 to 1990 failed.

Our comparison of sequences from specimens matching our own concept

of G. sabinae with those of G. atlanticum revealed almost no ITS differences,

with only a few positions exhibiting heteromorphisms or ambiguous base

readings. LSU was entirely identical between our samples of G. sabinae and

G. atlanticum, while TEFla presented only scattered heteromorphic sites or

Gymnosporangium atlanticum in Spain ... 365

ambiguous reads. Unfortunately, the RPB2 gene could not be sequenced with

primers bRPB2-6F2 and fRPB2-7cR (Matheny et al. 2007).

These sequence analyses suggest that G. atlanticum and G. sabinae are

extremely closely related, possibly indicating a recent speciation event. To test

this hypothesis, more DNA markers with higher phylogenetic signal should be

studied. Spanish specimens that might represent a different species from those

occurring in Morocco should be examined first before drawing any taxonomic

conclusion.

Gymnosporangium atlanticum and G. sabinae share similar ecologies:

Juniperus phoenicea, J. phoenicea subsp. turbinata, J. thurifera, and J. sabina

are hosts of the telial states in both. Morphologically, however, G. sabinae

(PLATE 5) and G. atlanticum are very different. The telia differ largely in shape

and size: in G. sabinae they are conic laterally compressed or tongue-shaped and

<10(-15) mm high when moist. Most Gymnosporangium species (possibly all)

produce two distinct kinds of teliospores that differ more or less in shape and

in wall color (Kern 1973). In G. sabinae, unlike G. atlanticum, the slender and

light colored teliospores usually have thinner walls than the rounded and dark

colored teliospores. The teliospores of G. sabinae are only slightly constricted at

the septum and have only two germ pores per cell near the septum, while the

teliospores of G. atlanticum are clearly constricted at septum and have up to

6 germ pores per cell with different arrangement.

Acknowledgments

We want to thank Dr. Jean-Michel Bellanger (UM II) for his kind collaboration

looking for and trying to sequence the holotype of G. atlanticum, as well as Dr. Caroline

Loup (MPU) for locating and loaning the specimen. We want to thank Javier Blasco-

Zumeta for the valuable information about the collections from Zaragoza and Tarragona,

and Jaume Llistosella, Antoni Sanchez and CeDocBiV, University of Barcelona, for

kindly loaning to us herbarium material. We express our special gratitude to Joseba

Castillo and Pere Prats for offering themselves to search for, and eventually finding

new specimens of G. atlanticum. Finally, we thank Dr. Xavier Llimona and Dr. Gabriel

Moreno for kindly reviewing this work.

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MY COTAXON

April-June 2016— Volume 131, pp. 367-373

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/131.367

Asterolibertia moquileae comb. nov.

on Licania tomentosa from Brazil

Jose Luiz BEZERRA *”, SiLVIA PATRICIA BARBOSA ARAUJO’,

ANDRE L. FIRMINO* & JADERGUDSON PEREIRA’

‘Universidade Federal do Recéncavo da Bahia, Centro de Ciéncias Agrdrias, Ambientais

e Biotecnologicas, Rua Rui Barbosa 710, 44380-000, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil

*Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Departamento de Ciéncias Agrdrias e Ambientais,

Programa de Pés-Graduacdo em Produgao Vegetal,

Rod. Jorge Amado, km 16, 45662-900, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil

*Universidade Federal de Vicosa, Departamento de Fitopatologia,

36570-900, Vigosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: jlulabezerra@hotmail.com

ABSTRACT — Two asterinaceous fungi, Cirsosia moquileae and Wardina moquileae, described

on Licania tomentosa from Brazil, were determined to be conspecific by examination of their

type specimens. A new combination, Asterolibertia moquileae, is proposed based on Cirsosia

moquileae, with Wardina moquileae as a heterotypic synonym.

KEY worpDs — Ascomycota, Asterinaceae, systematics

Introduction

The genera Wardina G. Arnaud and Asterolibertia G. Arnaud were

described in 1918, separated by the artificial criterion of presence or absence of

pseudoparaphyses. The type of Asterolibertia, A. couepiae (Henn.) G. Arnaud,

was masterfully illustrated by Arnaud (1918) showing dimidiate-scutellar,

orbicular ascomata with stellar dehiscence, radiate upper wall and mycelium

with intercalary hyphopodia (appressoria). Miller & Arx (1962) considered

the type of the genus Wardina, W. myocoproides (Sacc. & Berl.) G. Arnaud, to

be an Asterolibertia species, A. myocoproides (Sacc. & Berl.) Arx. They therefore

treated Wardina (together with Steyaertia Bat. & H. Maia) as synonyms of

Asterolibertia.

368 ... Bezerra & al.

Batista & Maia (1960a,b) recorded Cirsosia moquileae and Wardina

moquileae on leaves of Moquilea tomentosa Benth. [= Licania tomentosa

(Benth.) Fritsch] (Chrysobalanaceae) in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil. The

type specimens of both species were examined at URM herbarium and found

to be conspecific. Both names were published in 1960, but Cirsosia moquileae

(Batista & Maia 1960a; = Publ. Inst. Micol. Univ. Recife 225) has priority over

Wardina moquileae (Batista & Maia 1960b; = Publ. Inst. Micol. Univ. Recife

230). The genus Cirsosia is distinguished from Wardina/Asterolibertia by

possessing linear ascomata (Arnaud 1918, Miller & Arx 1962, Arx & Miiller

1975, Bezerra 2004, Kirk et al. 2008, Hosagoudar 2010). However, C. moquileae

was described by Batista as having orbicular ascomata, and this was confirmed

by our examination of the type material.

The fungus on leaves of Licania tomentosa, referred to in the literature

as Cirsosia moquileae and Wardina moquileae, cannot sensibly be retained

in either of those genera. As mentioned above, its orbicular ascomata are

incompatible with Cirsosia, and the genus Wardina is now treated as a synonym

of Asterolibertia (Miller & Arx 1962, Bezerra 2004, Kirk et al. 2008, Hosagoudar

2010). Based on revision of the C. moquileae and W. moquileae types and other

specimens from Amapa and Pernambuco deposited in URM herbarium,

complemented by analysis of the literature and examination of fresh specimens

collected in the State of Bahia, Brazil, we redescribe the species and transfer it

to Asterolibertia.

Materials & methods

Leaves of Licania tomentosa parasitised by an epiphytic, superficial, black fungus

were collected in the municipalities of Ilhéus and Itabuna and studied microscopically

in the Plant Pathology Laboratory of the Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC),

Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil. Slides were made with lactophenol cotton-blue and the structures

were characterized and photographed under light and scanning electric microscopes.

Species identification was accomplished based on the publications of Arnaud (1918),

Hansford (1949), Miller & Arx (1962), Luttrell (1973), Arx & Miiller (1975), Hosagoudar

& Abraham (1997), and Hosagoudar (2010). The new specimens were conserved in the

Herbarium, Centro de Pesquisas do Cacau, Itabuna, Bahia, Brazil (CEPEC-Fungi).

Taxonomy

Asterolibertia moquileae (Bat. & H. Maia) J.L. Bezerra, Firmino,

S.P.B Aratijo & Jad. Pereira, comb. nov. FIGs 1, 2

MycoBank MB805756

Fic. 1 Asterolibertia moquileae (CEPEC-Fungi 2387). A. colonies on leaves of Licania tomentosa.

B. superficial mycelium. C. ascoma with stellar dehiscence. D. hyphopodia intercalary, noduliform.

E. bitunicate ascus. F. 1-septate mature ascospores. Bars: B = 200 um; C = 50 um; D = 20 um;

E, F=10 um.

Asterolibertia moquileae comb. nov. on Licania (Brazil) ... 369

370 ... Bezerra & al.

= Cirsosia moquileae Bat. & H. Maia, Revista Biol. (Lisbon) 2(2): 121. 1960.

= Wardina moquileae Bat., Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 52: 115. 1960.

SEXUAL MORPH: COLONIES generally epiphyllous, rarely hypophyllous, black,

flat, subcircular to irregular, isolated to confluent, 2.5-7 mm diam. MyceLium

superficial, formed by dark brown, septate, straight to sub-straight, branched,

anastomosed (teleomorphic) hyphae 15-22 x 4.5-5 um. HYPHOPODIA

(appressoria) intercalary, noduliform, unicellular, 10 x 7.5-10 um. ASCOMATA

tyriothecium-like, orbicular, applanate to dimidiate, black, opening by

stellar to irregular dehiscence with fimbriate margins, 112.5-252 um diam.;

upper wall formed by rectangular, radiate cells. Asc1 subglobose, 8-spored,

bitunicate, sessile, parallel arranged in the hymenium, 28-42 x 24-39 um;

pseudoparaphyses filamentous, simple or branched, embedded in a gelatinous

matrix. AscosporEs conglobate, brown at maturity, 1-septate, constricted at

the septum, smooth, oblong, rounded at the ends, 21-23.5 x 5-9 um with the

upper cell broader than the lower.

ASEXUAL MORPH: PYCNOTHYRIA numerous, circular, dimidiate, fringed at

the borders, smaller than the ascomata with a central ostiole. CONIDIOGENOUS

CELLS monoblastic, formed in the inner layer of the scutellum. Conrp1a 1-2

cells, ellipsoid, elongate, hyaline to olivaceous, 24-26 x 6-7 um.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED — BRAZIL. AMAPA: Macapa, Serra do Navio, on leaves

of Licania tomentosa, 22.VIII.1961, J.A. Lima (URM 28819, as W. moquileae).

Baus: Ilhéus, Campus da UESC, 14°47’46”S 39°10’28”W, on leaves of L.

tomentosa, 26.VIII.2010, S.P.B. Araujo & J.L. Bezerra (CEPEC-Fungi 2219);

Ilhéus, CEPLAC/SUEBA, 14°47’7”S 39°13’22”W, on leaves of L. tomentosa,

10.X1.2012, S.P.B. Araujo & J.L. Bezerra (CEPEC-Fungi 2387). PERNAMBUCO:

Vitoria de Santo Antao, on leaves of L. tomentosa, 2.1.1958, A.C. Batista

(URM 12570, holotype of Wardina moquileae); Paudalho, Cha de Capoeira,

18.IV.1959, O. Soares (URM 16146, as C. moquileae); Recife, Casaforte, on leaves

of L. tomentosa, 22.1V.1956, S.J. da Silveira (URM 5470, holotype of Cirsosia

moquileae); 22.1V.1956, S.J. da Silveira (URM 5471, 5471A, as C. moquileae);

Recife, Dois Irmaos Ecological Reservation, on leaves of L. tomentosa, 3.1V.1960,

J.L. Bezerra (URM 19795, as W. moquileae); 18.V.1966, J.L. Bezerra (URM

57001, as W. moquileae); 6.1X.1969, J.L. Bezerra (URM 71036, as W. moquileae);

18.1X.1969, J.L. Bezerra (URM 71041, as W. moquileae).

NoTEs: Seven species of Asterolibertia have been reported in association with

chrysobalanaceous hosts: Asterolibertia couepiae on living leaves of Couepia

grandiflora (Mart. & Zucc.) Benth. ex Hook. f. from Brazil; A. nodulifera (Syd.

& P. Syd.) T-A. Hofmann on living leaves of Angelesia splendens Korth. from

Fic. 2 Asterolibertia moquileae (CEPEC-Fungi 2387). A, B. pycnothyria showing radiate wall and

ostiole. C. detail of ostiole. D, E. hyphopodia intercalary. FE conidium. Bars: A, B = 50 um; D = 20

um; C, E, F= 10 pm.

Asterolibertia moquileae comb. nov. on Licania (Brazil) ... 371

372 ... Bezerra & al.

TABLE 1. Biometric data of Asterolibertia species on Chrysobalanaceae.

eens ASCOMATA HypHAE APPRESSORIA ASCI ASCOSPORES

(wm) (wm) (um) (wm) (wm)

A. couepiae 150-200 6-8 — 30-35 x 26-32 16-24 x 8-13

A. licaniae <450 x 300 6-9 7-13 x 9-13 — 30-33 x 18-20

A. licaniicola 170 4-5 9-11 x 6-7 — 24-28 x 12-15

A. moquileae 112.5-252 4.5-5 15-22 x 4.5-5 28-42 x 24-39 21-23 x 5-9

A. nodulifera 320-420 4.5-7 9-13 x 8-12 33-36 x 13-15 33-36 x 13-16

A. parinarii 130-160 3-4.5 6.5-7.5X5-6 30-38 x 25-35 18-22.5 x 5-6

A. peruviana 200 4-6 4-6 diam. — 17x8

A. schroeteri 220-300 6-8 10-13 diam. 60-70 x 42-46 38-42 x 11-13

Philippines; A. licaniae (Cooke) Hansf. and A. licaniicola Hansf. on living leaves

of Licania sp. from Brazil; A. parinarii (Syd.) Hansf. on living leaves of Parinari

subcordata Oliv. [= P. congensis Didr.] from Congo; A. peruviana Hansf. on

living leaves of Licania macrophylla Benth. from Brazil; and A. schroeteri (Rehm)

Arx on living leaves of Chrysobalanus icaco L. from West Indies (Arnaud 1918;

Hansford 1947, 1949, 1955; Miller & Arx 1962; Hosagoudar 2010; Hofmann &

Piepenbring 2014; Farr & Rossman 2015).

Asterolibertia moquileae differs from A. couepiae by its subglobose to oblong

asci; from A. nodulifera by its larger thyriothecia and ascospores, smaller

appressoria, echinulate ascospores and lack of pseudoparaphyses; from A.

licaniae by its larger thyriothecia, hyphae and ascospores, smaller appressoria

and lack of paraphyses; from A. licaniicola by its larger ascospores and smaller

appressoria; from A. parinarii by its smaller appressoria; from A. peruviana

by its narrower appressoria without any lateral protuberance and smaller

ascospores; and from A. schroeteri by its larger hyphae, asci and ascospores,

smaller appressoria and lack of paraphyses (Arnaud 1918; Hansford 1947, 1949,

1955; Miller & Arx 1962; Hofmann & Piepenbring 2014), as shown in TABLE 1.

There are no other Asterolibertia species reported on L. tomentosa. Pycnothyria

were observed in our material, but following the current application of

‘One fungus/one name’ no separate name is proposed for this morph.

Acknowledgments

The authors thank to Departamento de Micologia da UFPE for permission to revise

specimens from URM Herbarium, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico

e Tecnoldgico (CNPq) for financial support, Dr. Michelline Lins Silvério for help with

exciccati photos.

Asterolibertia moquileae comb. nov. on Licania (Brazil) ... 373

Literature cited

Arnaud G. 1918. Les Astérinées. Coulet et fils, Montpellier. 288 p.

Arx JA von, Miller E. 1975. A re-evaluation of the bitunicate ascomycetes with key to the families

and genera. Studies in Mycology 9. 159 p.

Batista AC, Maia HS. 1960a. Cirsosia Arn. e Cirsosina Bat. novas espécies. Revista de Biologia:

Revista Brasileira e Portuguesa de Biologia em Geral 2(2): 115-136.

Batista AC, Maia HS. 1960b. Asterinaceae dos géneros Trichasterina Arn. e Wardina Arn. Annales

Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, Pars Botanica 52: 109-117.

Bezerra JL. 2004. Taxonomia de Ascomicetos. Ordem Asterinales. Revisio Anual de Patologia de

Plantas 11: 15-28.

Farr DE, Rossman AY. 2015. Fungal databases, Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory,

ARS, USDA. http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases (viewed on line on 11 August 2015).

Hansford CG. 1947. New tropical fungi — II. Proceedings of the Linnean Society London

159: 21-42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1947.tb0047 1.x

Hansford CG. 1949. Tropical fungi - III. New species and revisions. Proceedings of the Linnean

Society of London 160: 116-153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1949.tb00521.x

Hansford CG. 1955. Tropical fungi - V. New species and revisions. Sydowia 9: 1-88.

Hofmann TA, Piepenbring M. 2014. New records of plant parasitic Asterinaceae (Dothideomycetes,

Ascomycota) with intercalary appressoria from Central America and Panama. Tropical Plant

Pathology 39(6): 419-427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1982-56762014000600001

Hosagoudar VB. 2010. Notes on the genera Asterolibertia and Cirsosia (Fungi: Ascomycota). Journal

of Threatened Taxa 2: 1153-1157. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/JoTT.02465.1153-7

Hosagoudar VB, Abraham TK. 1997. A new species of Asterolibertia from Kerala, India. Journal of

Mycopathological Research 35: 55-56.

Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA (eds). 2008. Dictionary of the Fungi, 10th edition.

CAB Publishing, UK.

Luttrell ES. 1973. Loculoascomycetes. 135-219, in: GC Ainsworth et al. (eds). The Fungi, vol. 4A.

Miller E, Arx JA von. 1962. Die Gattungen der didymosporen Pyrenomyceten. Beitrage zur

Kryptogamenflora der Schweiz 11(2). 922 p.

MYCOTAXON

April-June 2016— Volume 131, pp. 375-383

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/131.375

Gymnosporangium huanglongense sp. nov.

from western China

BIN CaAo!, CHENG-MING TIAN! & YING-MEI LIANG”

' The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education,

Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China

? Museum of Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: liangym@bjfu.edu.cn

ABSTRACT — A novel rust species, Gymnosporangium huanglongense, was detected on

Juniperus przewalskii in China. This species was characterized by the basal cell of its two-

celled teliospores possessing two pores near the septum, and the distal cell possessing either

two pores near the septum or occasionally an apical pore and one pore near the septum.

It was also separated from other Gymnosporangium species based on analyses of internal

transcribed spacer region and LSU rDNA partial gene sequences.

Key worps — Pucciniales, Qilian Mountains, taxonomy

Introduction

The genus Gymnosporangium was validated by de Candolle in the Flore

Francaise in 1805, based on a manuscript by R. Hedwig, with G. fuscum DC. on

Juniperus sabina L. as the type species (Kern 1973). Gymnosporangium species

are mainly distributed in the northern hemisphere. Kern (1973) reported

57 species, and four additional species have subsequently been described

(Azbukina 1997, Zhao & Zhuang 2007, Yun et al. 2009). Eighteen species have

been recorded from China: 14 with the telial stage on Juniperus, two with the

telial stage on Cupressus, and two with only the aecial stage (Deng 1963, Tai

1979; Wang & Guo 1985; Zhao & Jiang 1986; Cao & Li 1999; Zhuang 2005,

2012; Zhao & Zhuang 2007).

During our investigation of tree diseases in western China, we found a telial

stage of Gymnosporangium species on Juniperus przewalskii Kom., an endemic

376 ... Cao, Tian & Liang

TABLE 1. Gymnosporangium species and GenBank accession numbers used in this

study.

Soneane VeuCHER GENBANK — ACCESSION NO.

ITS LSU

Gs huanglongense BJFC-R01984 KT719167 KT719161

BJFC-R01985 KT719168 KT719162

G. amelanchieris E. Fisch. ex FE. Kern 20140331-1 M1-M3? KM48°547b —

Gy csiaticbh Mugabeek Gvamada BJFC-RO1834 KR814568 KT719165

BJFC-R01835 KR814569 KT719166

HKFRI 1974 — FJ848741?

HKEFRI 1976 — FJ848743°

G. clavariiforme (Wulfen) DC. ML 841? — AF426711b

BPI 880006 — HM114220°

G. clavipes Cooke & Peck DAOM 234635 HQ317507° —

G. confusum Plowr. BPI 879272 — GU058011°

BPI 880005 — HM114219>

G. cornutum Arthur ex F, Kern HKFRI 2105 — FJ848766°

WM 1093 —_ AF426210°

G. fusisporum E. Fisch. HMAS 52880 — KJ720172°

G. globosum (Farl.) Farl. DAOM 234634 HQ3175°6b _

DAOM 234636 HQ317511? —

G. gracile Pat. 20140326-1-GR-P25* KM486542b —

20140529-1a* KM486543b —

G. japonicum Dietel & P. Syd. HKERI 1992 = FJ848755°

HKFRI 1993 —_— FJ848756?

G. juniperi-virginianae Schwein. DAOM 234434 HQ317510° a

PBM 2530 DQ2671°7b —

TDB1345? — AF5?2167b

BPI 871103 — DQ354547°

G. monticola H.Y. Yun HKERI 1984 — FJ848770°

HKEFRI 1985 — FJ848771?

G. nidus-avis Thaxt. RSP 05-29° _ KJ720'81b

G. sabinae (Dicks.) G. Winter BGS* KF925°20b =

BG6? KF925371b —

WM 1347 — AF4262°9b

BPI 880007 — HM114221°

G. unicorne H.Y. Yun HKFRI 1971 — FJ848767°

HKEFRI 1972 — FJ848768°

@ yamadae Mivabeex G Yamada BJFC-RO1822 KR814566 KT719163

BJFC-RO1823 KR814567 KT719164

HKEFRI 1998 — FJ848761?

HKERI 2007 — FJ848765°

Puccinia graminis Pers. K(M) 92038 AF468074b 2

ECS* — AF522177b

" BJFC: Museum of Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China; HKFRI: Herbarium of Korea Forest Research

Institute, Seoul, Korea; DAOM: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; PBM:

Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Thailand; BPI: US

National Fungus Collections, Maryland, USA; WM: Agricultural Research Division, Gezira Research

Station, Wad Medani, Sudan; HMAS: Herbarium Mycologicum Academiae Sinicae, Beijing, China; K:

Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, England.

* private collection no.

> Sequence downloaded from GenBank.

Gymnosporangium huanglongense sp. nov. (China) ... 377

evergreen conifer, mainly distributed in the forest regions of the Qilian

Mountains (Liu et al. 2006). No Gymnosporangium species has previously

been reported on J. przewalskii. Because morphological observations and

phylogenetic analyses confirmed that the fungus is distinct from other

Gymnosporangium species, we describe it here as new.

Materials & methods

Specimens

The fungus-infected branches were collected in Qinghai and Sichuan provinces in

China, and their herbarium specimens were deposited in the Mycological Herbarium,

Museum of Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China (BJFC).

Morphological observation

Teliospores were scraped from the herbarium specimens and mounted in a drop of

lactophenol-cotton blue solution. The slide preparations were observed under a Leica

DM2500 microscope. The length, width, and wall thickness of 30-50 teliospores from

each specimen were measured using a MicroView MVC TWAIN Image Analyzer.

Phylogenetic analysis

Whole genomic DNA from the teliospores was extracted following the

methods described by Tian et al. (2004). DNA concentrations were estimated by

electrophoresis in 1.2% agarose gels. The D1/D2 region of nuclear LSU rDNA

was amplified with the primer pair No. 4 (5’-ACCCGCTGAAYTTAAGCATAT-3’) and

No. 11 (5’-cCTCCTTGGTCCGTGTTTCAAGACGC-3’) (Van der Auwera et al. 1994).

The ITS and 5.8S region of rDNA were amplified with the primer pair ITS1

(5’-TCCGTAGGTGAACCTGCGG-3’) (White et al. 1990) and ITS4B (5’-CAGGAGACTTGTACA

CGGTCCAG-3’) (Gardes & Bruns 1993). Amplifications were performed in 25 ul of PCR

solution containing 1 ul of DNA template, 1 ul of sense primer (10 uM), 1 ul of antisense

primer (10 uM), 12.5 ul of 2xEs Taq MasterMix (Cwbio, Beijing, China), and 9.5 ul of

ddH,O. The PCR conditions were as follows: 95°C for 3 min, 35 cycles of 95°C for 30 s,

55°C for 1 min, and 72°C for 1 min, and a final step of 72°C for 10 min. PCR products

were purified and cloned for sequencing (Invitrogen, Beijing, China). A sequence of

Puccinia graminis obtained from GenBank was used as outgroup (Yun et al. 2009).

The sequences newly obtained in this study and additional sequences obtained from

GenBank are listed in TABLE 1. Sequences were aligned using ClustalX (Thompson et

al. 1997). The sequence alignment has been deposited at TreeBase (http://www.treebase.

org/) under the accession number 17721. Maximum parsimony (MP) analysis was

carried out using the heuristic search option with 1,000 random-addition sequences

and tree bisection and reconnection as the branch-swapping algorithm implemented in

PAUP v.4.0b10 (Swofford 2002). In the MP analyses, gaps were treated as missing data,

and all characters were equally weighted. Clade stability was assessed using a bootstrap

analysis with 1,000 replicates (Felsenstein 1985). Other measures calculated were tree

length (TL), consistency index (CI), retention index (RI), and rescaled consistency

(RC). Bayesian analysis was performed with MrBayes 3.1.2 (Ronquist & Huelsenbeck

378 ... Cao, Tian & Liang

2003) using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method; the GTR model was used

with gamma-distributed rate variation, and the Markov chains were run for 1,000,000

generations. The trees were sampled every 100 generations, producing 10,000 total trees.

TABLE 2. Comparison of telium habit and teliospore morphology between

Gymnosporangium huanglongense and its morphological allies.

TELIA TELIOSPORE

SPECIES

POSITION SHAPE SIZE (uum) GERM PORES

G. huanglongense caulicolous conic or irregular 53-100 x 14-25 2/cell, near septum

(or 1 apical + 1 near

septum in distal cell)

1 sik ;

G. clavariiforme caulicolous __ terete or slightly 38-105 x 12-23 Aiéellstiédy sepia

compressed

G. fusisporum™* caulicolous __ conic or laterally 46-100 x 16-27 1(-2)/cell, near septum

compressed

G. gracile caulicolous _ terete 45-90 x 14-20 2/cell, near septum

References: * Parmelee (1965);° Kern (1973); * Yun et al. (2009); 4 Zhuang (2012); ¢ Fischer (1930).

Taxonomy

Gymnosporangium huanglongense Y.M. Liang & B. Cao, sp. nov. PLATE 1

MycoBank MB 814684

Differs from Gymnosporangium fusisporum by the basal cell of its two-celled teliospores

possessing two pores near the septum, and the distal cell possessing either two pores

near the septum or occasionally an apical pore and one pore near the septum.

Type: China, Sichuan Prov., 32°45’06’N 103°48’12”E, alt. 3316 m, on Juniperus

przewalskii, 24 Apr 2015, B. Cao & X.L. Fan (Holotype, BJFC-R01984; GenBank

KT719167, KT719161).

ErymMo.oey: The specific epithet huanglongense refers to type locality of this species.

Spermogonia, aecia, and uredinia not found. Telia caulicolous, with little or no

hypertrophy on the smaller branches, often conic or irregular, 1-3 mm high,

brown to chestnut-brown; teliospores two-celled, rarely one-celled, fusiform,

usually narrowed above and below, more or less constricted at the septum,

yellowish brown, 53-100 x 14-25 um; walls 0.7-1.7 um thick; the basal cell

with two pores near the septum, and the distal cell with two pores either both

near the septum or occasionally (c. 3%) one apical and one near the septum;

pedicels <200 um long.

OTHER SPECIMENS EXAMINED: On Juniperus przewalskii: CHINA, SICHUAN PRov.,

32°45'06”N 103°48’12’E, alt. 3307 m, 24 Apr 2015, B. Cao & X.L. Fan (BJFC-R01982;

BJFC-RO1985, GenBank KT719168, KT719162); QmiNGHAI PRov., 35°18’33”N

101°56’30’E, alt. 2934 m, 7 Apr 2015, F. Z. Han (BJFC-R01965; BJFC-R01966).

CoMMENTs: ‘The telia of the new species are caulicolous and scattered,

often conic or irregular, and J. przewalskii was not previously known as a

Gymnosporangium huanglongense sp. nov. (China) ... 379

PLaTE 1. Gymnosporangium huanglongense (holotype, BJFC-R01984). A. telia formed on

a branchlet; B. an enlarged view of a telium; C. teliospores. D. teliospore with two septal

germ pores in each cell (arrows); E. teliospore with septal and apical germ pores (arrows).

Scale bars: A, B = 3 mm; C = 70 um; D, E = 20 um.

Gymnosporangium host. The new species is morphologically similar

to three Gymnosporangium species, G. clavariiforme, G. fusisporum,

and G. gracile, but G. huanglongense can be distinguished from

them by morphological characteristics (TABLE 2). Gymnosporangium

clavariiforme and G. gracile differ by their terete telia (Fischer 1930,

Parmelee 1965, Kern 1973, Yun et al. 2009), and G. fusisporum differs by its

teliospore cells that have only one (rarely 2) pores near the septum (Kern

1973, Zhuang 2012). Additionally, the phylogenetic analyses supports

G. huanglongense as distinct from these three species (PLATES 2, 3).

The aligned ITS dataset from 16 ingroup taxa including nine terminal

clades consisted of 713 characters, of which 311 were parsimony-informative,

322 were invariant, and 80 variable characters were parsimony-uninformative.

The MP analysis of sequence data yielded a single parsimonious tree (TL = 757,

CI = 0.745, RI = 0.800, and RC = 0.596). Bayesian analysis resulted in the same

topology with an average standard deviation of split frequencies of 0.006386. In

the LSU rDNA phylogenetic analyses, 28 ingroup taxa clustered into thirteen

380 ... Cao, Tian & Liang

100_| G. globosum HQ317511

G. globosum HQ317506

100| G. juniperi-virginianae DQ267127

G. juniperi-virginianae HQ317510

100 ; G. yamadae KR814566

G. yamadae KR814567

G. amelanchieris KM486547

100_| G. sabinae KF925321

G. sabinae KF925320

100 | G. asiaticum KR814568

G. asiaticum KR814569

100; G. huanglongense KT719167

G. huanglongense KT719168

G. gracile KM486542

G. gracile KM486543

G. clavipes HQ317507

Puccinia graminis AF468044

100

—10

PiaTE 2. ITS phylogenetic tree of Gymnosporangium spp., constructed by maximum parsimony

and Bayesian methods. Node support is presented as: parsimony bootstrap values >90%. Thickened

branches indicate PP > 0.90 from the Bayesian inferences. The new species is shown in bold.

terminal clades. ‘The final aligned dataset consisted of 593 characters of which

501 were invariant. MP analyses of the remaining 54 parsimony-informative

characters resulted in 20 trees. We selected the tree with the shortest length

(TL = 140, CI = 0.743, RI = 0.865, and RC = 0.642) as the current tree. Bayesian

analysis resulted in an average standard deviation of split frequencies of

0.010532. The topology of the ITS phylogram was consistent with the tree

estimated using the LSU rDNA region (PLATES 2, 3), indicating that the

G. huanglongense sequences were distinct from those of other species which are

available in GenBank database.

In the LSU rDNA phylogenetic analyses, specimens of G. huanglongense

formed a distinct lineage with high support values (97 MPBS; 0.99 BPP). The

other four species, G. asiaticum, G. unicorne, G. confusum, and G. fusisporum

Gymnosporangium huanglongense sp. nov. (China) ... 381

G. yamadae FJ848761

100| G. yamadae FJ848765

G. yamadae KT719163

G. yamadae KT719164

G. sabinae AF426209

G. sabinae HM114221

83) G. cornutum FJ848766

G. cornutum AF426210

95 G. monticola FJ848770

G. monticola FJ848771

96 ,G. juniperi-virginianae AF522167

G. juniperi-virginianae DQ354547

98) G. japonicum FJ848755

G. japonicum FJ848756

G. nidus-avis KJ720181

G. clavariiforme AF426211

G. clavariiforme HM114220

G. asiaticum FJ848743

G. asiaticum KT719165

G. asiaticum KT719166

100) G. unicorne FJ848768

G. unicorne FJ848767

87,G. confusum GU058011

G. confusum HM114219

G. fusisporum KJ720172

97, G. huanglongense KT719161

G. huanglongense KT719162

Puccinia graminis AF522177

PLaTE 3. LSU phylogenetic tree of Gymnosporangium spp., constructed by maximum parsimony

and Bayesian methods. Node support is presented as: parsimony bootstrap values >75%. Thickened

branches indicate PP > 0.75 from the Bayesian inferences. The new species is shown in bold.

were closely related to G. huanglongense based on LSU rDNA analyses

(79 MPBS; 0.87 BPP). However, these four species differ morphologically

from G. huanglongense. As previously discussed, G. fusisporum differs by its

smaller number of teliospore germ pores; and the other three species differ by

their shorter teliospores: G. asiaticum 35-45 um; G. confusum 35-48 um; and

G. unicorne 31-47 um (Kern 1973, Yun et al 2009).

382 ... Cao, Tian & Liang

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China

(No. 31470646). We thank Prof. Yoshitaka Ono (Ibaraki University, Japan) and Prof.

Mahajabeen Padamsee (Landcare Research, New Zealand) for serving as presubmission

reviewers and for providing helpful comments and suggestions. We also thank the

Herbarium Mycologicum Academiae Sinicae, Beijing, China and Northwest Agriculture

and Forestry University for providing herbarium specimens. We also express special

thanks to Fuzhong Han for the collection of specimens used in this study.

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MY COTAXON

April-June 2016— Volume 131, pp. 385-390

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/131.385

New species of Dictyochaeta and Wardomyces from soil

Yu-LAN JIANG)’, YUE-MING Wu? & TIAN-Yu ZHANG”

" Agriculture College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China

? Department of Plant Pathology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China

*CORRESPONDENCE TO: tyzhang1937@163.com

ABSTRACT — Three new species, Dictyochaeta brachysetula, D. chinensis, and Wardomyces

microsporus from soil in China, are described and illustrated. The type specimens (dried

cultures) and living cultures are deposited in the Herbarium of Shandong Agricultural

University, Plant Pathology (HSAUP), and the Herbarium of Institute of Microbiology,

Academia Sinica (HMAS).

KEY worps — asexual fungi, dematiaceous hyphomycetes, taxonomy

Introduction

The genus Dictyochaeta was established by Spegazzini (1923) and is

characterized by macronematous, mononematous, septate, pale brown

to dark brown conidiophores that produce mono- or polyphialidic,

sympodially proliferating conidiogenous cells that often have conspicuous

and flared collarettes. Frequently, sterile or fertile setae are associated with the

conidiophores and together these can form small clusters originating from

a knot of superficial hyphae. The conidia are hyaline, smooth, and typically

falcate (but can be ellipsoid, clavate, fusoid, or cylindrical), 0-1(-3)-septate,

and with or without setulae (Whitton et al. 2000).

Wardomyces, established by Brooks & Hansford (1923), is characterized

by semi-macronematous, mononematous, straight or flexuous, hyaline

or subhyaline, smooth, branched conidiophores that produce polyblastic,

penicillately arranged, determinate, ampulliform, subspherical, clavate, doliform

or ellipsoidal conidiogenous cells. Conidia are solitary, acropleurogenous,

ellipsoidal, ovoid, oblong rounded at the apex or navicular, often truncate at

386 ... Jiang, Wu & Zhang

the base, brown or blackish brown, smooth, each with a longitudinal germ slit,

0-1-septate. MycoBank lists eight species of this genus.

During a survey on soil dematiaceous hyphomycetes in China, two

Dictyochaeta and one Wardomyces species were obtained that did not match

with other congeneric species and are therefore described as new taxa. They

Fra. 1. Dictyochaeta brachysetula (ex holotype HSAUP II,,9038).

Conidia, setae, conidiophores, and collarettes. Scale bar = 25 um.

Dictyochaeta & Wardomyces spp. nov. (China) ... 387

were isolated onto potato dextrose agar (PDA) and are described from this

medium. Specimens and living cultures are conserved in the Herbarium,

Department of Plant Pathology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian,

China (HSAUP), and the Herbarium Mycologium, Institute of Microbiology,

Academia Sinica, Beijing, China (HMAS).

Dictyochaeta brachysetula Y.L. Jiang & T.Y. Zhang, sp. nov. FIG. 1

MycoBank MB 815281

Differs from Dictyochaeta fertilis and D. pakhalensis by its wider conidia and shorter

setulae.

Type: China, Sichuan Province, Luding County, from a vegetable plot soil, 24 June 2006,

Y.L. Jiang (Holotype, HSAUP II,,9038 [dried culture]; isotype, HMAS 196298).

ETYMOLOGY: in reference to the short setulae.

Cotontgs on PDA effuse, greyish brown, hairy, reaching 3-4 cm in diameter

in 2 weeks at 25 °C. MyceELium superficial and immersed; hyphae hyaline

to pale brown, branched, septate, smooth, 1-3.5 um wide. SETAE straight or

curved, pale brown to brown, paler and almost always fertile towards the apex

where there are persistent collarettes, smooth, <380 um long, 2.5-4.5 um thick.

CONIDIOPHORES solitary or in small groups often associated with setae, rather

closely septate, pale brown to brown, smooth, <150 um long, 2.5-4 um thick,

polyphialidic; collarettes funnel-shaped with thick walls. Conrp1a fusiform,

curved, hyaline, smooth, aseptate, 7-15 x 2.5-4 um, with a setula not more

than 5 um long at each end or sometimes only at the apical end.

ComMENnts: In having fertile setae and in morphology of conidia and

collarettes, Dictyochaeta brachysetula closely resembles D. fertilis (S. Hughes &

W.B. Kendr.) Hol.-Jech. and D. pakhalensis (S.M. Reddy & S.S. Reddy) Whitton

et al.. However, D. fertilis has narrower conidia (10-15 x 2-3 um) and longer

setulae (5-10 um; Holubova-Jechova 1984); and D. pakhalensis has smaller

conidia (6-11 x 1.75-2 um) but longer setulae (4-8 um; Reddy & Reddy 1978,

as Codinaea pakhalensis).

Dictyochaeta chinensis Y.L. Jiang & T.Y. Zhang, sp. nov. FIG. 2

MycoBank MB 815282

Differs from Dictyochaeta assamica by its bigger conidia and shorter setulae.

Type: China, Guizhou Province, Leishan County, from a mountain soil, 18 Sept. 2005,

Y.L. Jiang (Holotype, HSAUP II,.1019 [dried culture]; isotype, HMAS 196299).

ETyMOLoGy: in reference to the country where the fungus was isolated.

Cotonizs on PDA effuse, greyish black, hairy. MycELIum superficial and

immersed; hyphae pale brown, branched, septate, smooth, 1-2.5 um wide. SETAE

388 ... Jiang, Wu & Zhang

Fic. 2. Dictyochaeta chinensis (ex holotype HSAUP II,,1019).

Conidia, setae, conidiophores, and collarettes. Scale bar = 25 um.

straight or curved, septate, pale brown to brown, paler and almost always fertile

towards the apex where there are persistent collarettes, smooth, <320 um long,

2.5-5 um thick. CoNIDIOPHORES solitary or in small groups often associated

with setae, straight or flexuous, septate, pale brown to brown, smooth, 50-200

Dictyochaeta & Wardomyces spp. nov. (China) ... 389

x 2.5-4 um, polyphialidic; collarettes funnel-shaped with thick walls. CONIDIA

fusiform or sometimes cylindrical, mostly curved, hyaline, smooth, aseptate,

10-20 x 2-4 um (commonly 14 x 3 um), with setulae 1.5-8 um long, usually on

both ends of the conidium but sometimes absent or only on one end.

ComMENtTs: Morphologically, Dictyochaeta chinensis resembles D. assamica

(Agnihothr.) Aramb. et al.. However, D. assamica has smaller conidia (14-16

x 2.5-3 um) with longer setulae (9-14 um) always on both ends (Arambarri et

al. 1988).

Wardomyces microsporus Y.L. Jiang & T.Y. Zhang, sp. nov. FIG. 3

MycoBAank MB 815283

Differs from other species of Wardomyces by its smaller ellipsoidal, subspherical, or

broadly ovate conidia.

Type: China, Hubei Province, Huanggang City, from a vegetable plot soil, 12 Oct. 2004,

Y.L. Jiang (Holotype, HSAUP II,,6201 [dried culture]; isotype, HMAS 1962100).

ETYMOLOGY: in reference to the small conidia.

Fic. 3. Wardomyces microsporus (ex holotype HSAUP II,,6201).

Conidia, conidiophores, and conidiogenous cells. Scale bar = 25 um.

390 ... Jiang, Wu & Zhang

Cotontss effuse, black, growing rather slowly on PDA, reaching 0.9 cm in

diameter in 2 weeks at 25 °C. MycELium superficial and immersed; hyphae

pale brown, branched, septate, smooth, 1-2.5 um wide. CONIDIOPHORES

arising laterally on hyphae, irregularly branched, pale brown, short.

CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS terminal, polyblastic, discrete, inflated, broadly

obpyriform or subspherical, smooth, pale brown, 2.5-4 x 2-2.5 um. CONIDIA

arise successively, ellipsoidal, subspherical or broadly ovate, obtuse at the apex

and slightly truncated at the base, aseptate, smooth, thick-walled, nut-brown to

dark brown, 2.5-4.5 x 2.5-3 um, with a single longitudinal pale-colored germ

slit through which a lateral germ tube develops on germination.

Comments: The other seven accepted Wardomyces species—W. anomalus

ET. Brooks & Hansf., W. columbinus (Demelius) Hennebert, W. humicola

Hennebert & G.L. Barron, W. inflatus (Marchal) Hennebert, W. moseri

W. Gams, W. ovalis W. Gams, and W. pulvinatus (Marchal) C.H. Dickinson—

have larger conidia, mostly navicular, ellipsoidal, or oblong (Ellis 1971; Gams,

1968, 1995; Hennebert 1968).

Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful for pre-submission comments and suggestions provided by

Drs. Eric McKenzie, Yong Wang, and Shaun Pennycook. This project was supported by

the National Science Foundations of China (nos. 30970011 & 31360012).

Literature cited

Arambarri A, Cabello M, Mengascini A. 1988 [“1987”]. Estudio sistematico de los Hyphomycetes

del Rio Santiago (Prov. Buenos Aires, Argentina). Darwiniana 28: 293-301.

Brooks FT, Hansford CG. 1923. Mould growths upon cold-store meat. Transactions of the British

Mycological Society 8(3): 113-142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0007-1536(23)80020-1

Ellis MB. 1971. Dematiaceous hyphomycetes. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew. 608 p.

Gams W. 1968. Two new species of Wardomyces. Transactions of the British Mycological Society

51(5): 798-802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0007-1536(68)80102-0

Gams W. 1995. An unusual species of Wardomyces (hyphomycetes). Beihefte zur Sydowia 10:

67-72.

Hennebert GL. 1968. Echinobotryum, Wardomyces and Mammaria. Transactions of the British

Mycological Society 51(5): 749-762. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0007-1536(68)80095-6

Holubova-Jechova V. 1984. Lignicolous hyphomycetes from Czechoslovakia 7. Chalara, Exochalara,

Fusiclalara and Dictyochaeta. Folia Geobotanica et Phytotaxonomica 19(4): 387-438.

Reddy SM, Reddy SS. 1978 [“1977”]. A new species of Codinaea. Sydowia. 30: 186-188.

Spegazzini C. 1923. Algunos hongos de Tierra del Fuego. Physis Revista de la Sociedad Argentina

de Ciencias Naturales 7: 9-23.

Whitton SR, McKenzie EHC, Hyde KD. 2000. Dictyochaeta and Dictyochaetopsis species from the

Pandanaceae. Fungal Diversity 4: 133-158.

MYCOTAXON

April-June 2016—Volume 131, pp. 391-394

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/131.391

Xylohyphopsis aquatica sp. nov.,

a new aquatic hyphomycete from China

JUN-EN HUANG’, HAI-YAN SONG’, JIAN Ma’,

GUAN- XIU GUAN' & DIAN-MiInG Hu’*

‘College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University,

Nanchang, 330045, China

College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: hudianming1@163.com

ABSTRACT—A new aquatic hyphomycete, Xylohyphopsis aquatica, is described and illustrated

from specimens collected on submerged wood in Jiangxi Province, China. Xylohyphopsis

aquatica is morphologically characterized by its 0-1-septate, thin-walled, smooth, pale

brown conidia in simple or branched chains, usually with a germ tube or short germination

hypha at the distal end. A key to Xylohyphopsis species is provided.

Key worps—freshwater fungi, lignicolous fungi, Pezizomycotina, taxonomy

Introduction

Freshwater habitats accommodate various fungal species. Numerous unique

fungal taxa have been recently reported from such habitats, including a new

phylum (Jones et al. 2011), some new orders (Pang et al. 2002, Raja et al. 2015),

and numerous new genera and species (Hu et al. 2007, 2010, 2012a; Monteiro et

al. 2014). During our investigation on lignicolous fungi from freshwater habitats

in China (Hu et al. 2012b, 2013), several novel taxa have been discovered.

Among them is a hyphomycetous fungus with morphological characters of

Xylohyphopsis W.A. Baker & Partr. (Partridge et al. 2000) but differing from

other described Xylohyphopsis species in its unique morphological characters

and habitat. It is proposed here as new.

Materials & methods

Unidentified wood samples submerged in freshwater were collected in China and

incubated in moist chambers at room temperature (c. 25 °C). Samples were examined

392 ... Huang & al.

for fungal fruiting bodies using a dissecting microscope. Observations and photographs

were prepared from materials mounted in water and examined with a Nikon Ni

compound microscope. Voucher specimens are deposited in the Herbarium of Fungi,

Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China (HFJAU).

Taxonomy

Xylohyphopsis aquatica J.E. Huang, H.Y. Song, Jian Ma & D.M. Hu, sp. nov. Fra. 1

MycoBAnk MB 815392

Differs from Xylohyphopsis curta by its smaller unicellular conidia and from X. lignicola

by its readily broken conidial chains and its much smaller, thin-walled, smooth, pale

brown conidia.

Type: China, Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Meiling Mountain, in a stream on submerged

wood, 13 Oct. 2015, J.-E. Huang (Holotype, HFJAU 0011).

ETYMOLOGY: aquatica, referring to the aquatic habitat of the fungus.

Colonies on wood substrate effuse, spreading widely, powdery with abundant

conidial formation, dark brown. Mycelium mostly immersed, composed of

branched, septate, smooth, pale brown hyphae, 1-2 um in diam. Conidiophores

reduced to conidiogenous cells, micronematous, essentially unmodified

emergent hyphae that merge gradually and subtly into conidial chains, single

or in loose caespitose clusters, subhyaline or pale to medium brown, erect,

straight, cylindrical. Conidial chains often arising as lateral outgrowths of

repent hyphae in close proximity to one another and frequently from adjacent

hyphal cells, 20-90 um long, and usually with a germ tube or short germination

hypha at the distal end. Conidia dry, in simple or branched acropetal chains,

acropleurogenous, pale brown, ellipsoidal to broadly fusiform, 0-1-septate,

slightly truncate or acute at both ends, thin-walled, smooth, 1-celled conidia

2-5 x 1-3 um, 2-celled conidia 3-7.5 x 1-3 um. Conidia secession schizolytic.

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: CHINA, JIANGXI PROVINCE, Nanchang, Meiling

Mountain, in a stream on submerged wood, 13 Oct. 2015, J.-E. Huang (HFJAU 0012).

Discussion

Partridge et al. (2000) established Xylohyphopsis for two species recombined

from Xylohypha (Fr.) E.W. Mason: Xylohyphopsis curta (Corda) W.A. Baker

& Partr. as the type species and X. lignicola (B. Sutton) W.A. Baker & Partr.

Partridge et al. (2000) noted the following differences between Xylohyphopsis

and Xylohypha: 1) the conidial chains of Xylohypha are consistently moniliform,

while in Xylohyphopsis the conidia are separated by broad transverse septa;

2) in Xylohypha, the conidia are consistently unicellular, while there are some

multicellular conidia in Xylohyphopsis; 3) conidia disarticulate in a yeast-like

manner in Xylohypha, while the conidia cleave schizolytically at the distinct

wide septa.

Xylohyphopsis aquaticus sp. nov. (China) ... 393

Fic. 1. Xylohyphopsis aquatica (holotype, HFJAU 0011). a. Conidiophore with conidial chains.

b-d. Conidial chains. e~-g. Conidiogenous cells. h-]. Conidia. Scale bars: a, c = 20 um; b, d-1= 5 um.

Xylohyphopsis curta differs from X. aquatica by its production of conidia

with 0-4 (or more) septa and by its much larger unicellular conidia (6.5-8 x

5-6.5 um; Partridge et al. 2000); and X. lignicola differs by its conidial chains

394 ... Huang & al.

that do not readily break up and by its much larger, dark brown, thick walled,

verrucose conidia (5-6.5 um diam.; Sutton 1973, as Xylohypha lignicola).

Key to the species of Xylohyphopsis

1. Conidia dark brown, thick-walled, verrucose.................. eee eee X. lignicola

TeConidia paleto rdidi browns SO wie coca 8 enteh tt ecteh fj tecea te ecw types ep nce gee po se 2

2. Conidia 0-1-septate, unicellular conidia 2-5 x 1-3 um................ X. aquatica

2. Conidia 0-4-septate, unicellular conidia 6.5-8 x 5-6.5 um................ X. curta

Acknowledgments

The authors express their sincere gratitude to Dr. Eric H.C. McKenzie and Dr.

Jian-Kui Liu for their critical review of the manuscript. This project was supported by

the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 31460009, 31500021) and

Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for college students in Jiangxi

Agricultural University (No. 201410410040).

Literature cited

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anamorphic species from China. Cryptogamie Mycologie 28: 311-314.

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submerged wood from Southwest Asia. Sydowia 62: 191-203.

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China. Mycotaxon 120: 81-88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/120.81

Hu DM, Chen H, Cai L, Bahkali AH, Hyde KD. 2012b. Aquapeziza: a new genus from freshwater,

and its morphological and phylogenetic relationships to Pezizaceae. Mycologia 104: 540-546.

http://dx.doi.org/10.3852/11-123

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of novel intermediate forms redefines the fungal tree of life. Nature 474: 200-203.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature09984

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from submerged wood in the Amazon rainforest, Brazil. Mycotaxon 128: 127-130.

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/128.127

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132. 143 p.

MY COTAXON

April-June 2016—Volume 131, pp. 395-402

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/131.395

Annulohypoxylon (Xylariales) from western Parana, Brazil

KELy S. CRuz'* & VAGNER G. CORTEZ?”

"Universidade Federal do Paranda, PPG Botanica, Curitiba-PR, Brazil

*Universidade Federal do Parana, Departamento de Biodiversidade, Palotina-PR, Brazil

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: cruzsk@outlook.com

Asstract — Annulohypoxylon parvodiscum sp. nov. is proposed, based on small ostiolar

disc of bovei-type, olivaceous grey pigment, and ellipsoid ascospores (9-13 x 3-5 um); and

three other species of Annulohypoxylon are reported from western Parana State, Brazil:

A. macrodiscum, A. nitens, and A. stygium. A key for identification of studied taxa is provided.

Key worps — Ascomycota, Hypoxyloideae, mycobiota, taxonomy, Xylariaceae

Introduction

Annulohypoxylon Y.M. Ju et al. was segregated from Hypoxylon Bull.,

based on morphological, chemotaxonomic and molecular data (Hsieh et al.

2005, Fournier et al. 2010). It covers taxa previously placed in Hypoxylon sect.

Annulata J.H. Miller diagnosed by the presence of carbonaceous stromatic layer

surrounding perithecia, projecting ostioles above the stromatic surface, with

a conspicuous to inconspicuous annulate disc, and ascospores with dehiscent

perispores (Ju & Rogers 1996). The genus comprises c. 40 species, of which

sixteen are known from Brazil (Pereira 2015), most of them reported from the

states of Bahia (Northeast) and Rio Grande do Sul (South). From Parana State,

only A. stygium has been reported (Meijer 2010).

In order to improve the knowledge on the diversity and geographical

distribution of the Xylariaceae from western Parana State, Brazil, a survey was

undertaken (Cruz & Cortez 2015a, 2015b); here we present the results for the

genus Annulohypoxylon.

396 ... Cruz & Cortez

Materials & methods

Specimens were collected from 2013 to 2014 in SAo Camilo State Park (abbreviated

as PESC), municipality of Palotina, western Parana State, Brazil (24°18’00”-19’30"S

53°53'30”-55’30”W) which comprises a relict of seasonal semi-deciduous forest

(Atlantic Forest Domain; Kozera & Peluci 2015).

Morphology was examined according to Ju & Rogers (1996) and colors were based

on Rayner (1970). Microscopic features were examined in 10% KOH, and measured in

distilled water preparations; asci were mounted in Cotton Blue, except for the apical

ring, examined in Melzer’s reagent. Ascospores were analyzed under scanning electron

microscope (SEM) Jeol JSM-6360LV, at the Center of Electron Microscopy of the

Universidade Federal do Parana, following Suwannasai et al. (2012). All specimens are

preserved in the Herbarium, Department of Biodiversity, Universidade Federal Parana,

Palotina, Brazil (HCP), except for the A. parvodiscum holotype in the Herbarium,

Department of Botany, Universidade Federal Parana, Curitiba, Brazil (UPCB).

Taxonomy

Annulohypoxylon macrodiscum Jad. Pereira, J.D. Rogers & J.L. Bezerra, Mycologia

102: 250. 2010. PLATES 1A-D, 3A

STROMATA pulvinate to effused-pulvinate, 3-25 mm long x 5-14 mm

broad x 0.5-1.5 mm thick; surface fuscous black (104) with brown vinaceous

tone; blackish granules beneath surface and among perithecia, with KOH-

diluted pigments, greenish olivaceous (90) or dull green (70); tissue below the

perithecial layer, 0.3-0.5 mm thick. PERITHECIA spherical to obovoid, 0.6-1 x

0.5-1 mm, with perithecial mounds % to % exposed. OsTIOLEs conical-papillate,

surrounded by a truncatum-type disc, 0.4-0.8 mm diam. Ascr cylindrical,

114-121 x 5-7 um; spore-bearing part 65-80 um, stipe 40-50 um; apical ring

amyloid, inconspicuous, discoid, 0.5 x 1-1.3 um. Ascospores brown to dark

brown, ellipsoid-inequilateral, with narrowly rounded ends, 7-12 x 3.5-5 um,

with straight germ slit spore-length on the convex side; perispore dehiscent in

KOH; epispore smooth; surface smooth under SEM.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: BRAZIL. PARANA STATE: Palotina, PESC, 13 Jun 2013, leg. K.S.

Cruz 104 (HCP 583), 105 (HCP 584); 13 Dec 2013, leg. K.S. Cruz 179 (HCP 585), 180

(HCP 586).

HABITAT AND DISTRIBUTION: On rotting wood, in the board of forest trail.

Known from Atlantic Forest, states of Bahia (Pereira et al. 2010) and Parana.

Notes: Annulohypoxylon macrodiscum is diagnosed by the wide ostiolar disc

and spherical to obovoid perithecia (Pereira et al. 2010). It is morphologically

similar to A. truncatum (Schwein.) Y.M. Ju et al., but as discussed by Pereira

et al. (2010), A. truncatum has smaller ostiolar disc (0.2-0.4 mm diam.) and

perithecia (0.4-0.8 mm), which is also spherical (Ju & Rogers 1996). Ascospores

of Parana collections presented a slight variation in size, in comparison to type

Annulohypoxylon parvodiscum sp. nov. (Brazil) ... 397

10 um 2

PLATE 1. Annulohypoxylon macrodiscum. A: stroma; B: ascospores; C: top view of disc;

D: perithecia, sectioned. Annulohypoxylon nitens. E: stroma; F: ascospores; G: top view of

disc; H: perithecia, sectioned.

(8-11 x 4-5 um; Pereira et al. 2010), but this is assumed to be intraspecific

variation. The species was described from Northeastern Brazil (Pereira et al.

2010) and is now reported from Southern Brazil, but probably it is widespread

throughout the Atlantic Forest biome.

Annulohypoxylon nitens (Ces.) Y.M. Ju, J.D. Rogers & H.M. Hsieh, Mycologia 97:

861. 2005. PLATES 1E-H, 3B

STROMATA glomerate to effused-pulvinate, 18-35 mm long x 5-12 mm

broad x 0.5-1 mm thick, with perithecial mounds 4 to % exposed; surface

dark brown vinaceous (84) to fuscous black (104), with a white tissue covering

the ostiolar disc; blackish granules beneath surface and among perithecia, with

KOH-diluted pigments greenish olivaceous (90) or dull green (70); black tissue

398 ... Cruz & Cortez

below the perithecia inconspicuous, 0.2 mm thick. PERITHECIA spherical,

0.6-1 mm diam. OsTIOLEs conical-papillate, encircled with a flattened bovei-

type disc 0.3-0.5 mm diam. Asci 80-140 x 4-6 um, spore-bearing parts

60-80 um, stipe 21.5-59 um, with apical ring amyloid, discoid, 0.5 x 1-1.5

um. AScosPores light brown to brown, ellipsoid-inequilateral, with narrowly

rounded ends, 6.5-9 x 3-5 um, with straight germ slit spore-length on the

convex side; perispore dehiscent in KOH, smooth; epispore smooth; surface

smooth under SEM.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: BRAZIL. PARANA STATE: Palotina, PESC, 13 Jun 2013, leg. K.S.

Cruz 100 (HCP 587); 10 Sep 2013, leg. K.S. Cruz 139 (HCP 588); 7 Oct 2013, leg. K.S.

Cruz 173 (HCP 589); 18 Oct 213, leg. K.S. Cruz 184 (HCP 590), 186 (HCP 591); 5 Nov

2013, leg. K.S. Cruz 169 (HCP 592); 20 Jan 2014, leg. K.S. Cruz 196 (HCP 593), 198

(HCP 594); 25 Mar 2014, leg. K.S. Cruz 218 (HCP 595).

HABITAT AND DISTRIBUTION: On rotting wood, in the forest board. Known

from the Americas and Asia (Ju & Rogers 1996, Pereira et al. 2015).

Notes: According to Ju & Rogers (1996), A. nitens presents spherical

perithecia. However, our specimens showed spherical to obovoid perithecia,

and were determined in the sense of Hladki & Romero (2009), who reported

similar materials from Argentina. Similar species are A. truncatum and

A. moriforme (Henn.) Y.M. Ju et al., which differ in the presence of an ostiolar

disc of truncatum-type (Ju & Rogers 1996). Known from the state of Bahia,

A. nitens is a new record from Parana State, where it was one of the most

common xylariaceous fungi sampled in PESC.

Annulohypoxylon parvodiscum K.S. Cruz & Cortez, sp. nov.

MycoBank MB 812745 PLATES 2A-F, 3C

Differs from Annulohypoxylon squamulosum by its smooth vinaceous brown stromatal

surface and larger ascospores.

TYPE: Brazil. Parana State: Palotina, PESC, 13 June 2013, leg. K.S. Cruz 094 (Holotype,

UPCB 81662; isotype, HCP 596).

EryMoLoey: referring to the small (L., parvus) size of ostiolar disc (L., discus).

STROMATA effused-pulvinate, 5-30 mm long x 3-8 mm broad x 0.5-0.8 mm

thick; with inconspicuous perithecial mounds; surface brown vinaceous (84),

smooth; blackish granules beneath surface and between perithecia, with

KOH-diluted pigment olivaceous grey (121); tissue below the perithecial layer

inconspicuous. PERITHECIA spherical to slightly obovoid, 0.3-0.5 x 0.2-0.4 mm

diam. OsTI0 Es slightly papillate, surrounded by a bovei-type disc, 0.1-0.2 mm

diam. Asci cylindrical, 69-157.5 x 5-10 um; spore-bearing part 68-103 um,

stipe 17.5-76 um; apical ring amyloid, inconspicuous. AscosporEs brown to

dark brown, ellipsoid-inequilateral, with narrowly rounded ends, 9-13 x 3-5

Annulohypoxylon parvodiscum sp. nov. (Brazil) ... 399

PLATE 2. Annulohypoxylon parvodiscum (holotype). A: stroma; B: KOH-extractable pigment; C:

asci; D: ascospores; E: top view of disc; F: perithecia, sectioned. Annulohypoxylon stygium. G:

stroma; H: ascospores; I: top view of disc; J: perithecia, sectioned.

um, with straight germ slit spore-length, sometimes slightly sigmoid on the

convex side; perispore dehiscent in KOH; epispore smooth; surface smooth

under SEM.

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: BRAZIL. PARANA STATE: Palotina, PESC, 10 Sept.

2013, leg. K.S. Cruz 144 (HCP 597); 18 Oct. 213, leg. K.S. Cruz 185 (HCP 598).

HABITAT AND DISTRIBUTION: Growing on decayed angiosperm trunk, in the

board of forest trail. Known only from type locality.

Notes: Annulohypoxylon parvodiscum is similar to A. archeri (Berk.) Y.M. Ju

et al., A. microcarpum (Penz. & Sacc.) Y.M. Ju et al., and A. squamulosum (Y.M.

400 ... Cruz & Cortez

Ju et al.) Y.M. Ju et al. all species bearing reduced ostiolar disc (0.1-0.2 mm).

However, in A. archeri and A. microcarpum, the disc is of truncatum-type (Ju

& Rogers 1996). Annulohypoxylon squamulosum, which also has a bovei-type

disc, differs by its rough stromatal surface and smaller ascospores (6.5-8.5 x

3-4 um; Ju et al. 2004).

Annulohypoxylon stygium (Lév.) Y.M. Ju, J.D. Rogers & H.M. Hsieh, Mycologia 97:

861. 2005. PLATES 2G-J, 3D

STROMATA hemispherical to effused-pulvinate, 9-10 mm long x 5-7

mm broad x 0.3-0.4 mm thick, with inconspicuous perithecial mounds;

surface fuscous black (104), with some reddish brown tone; reddish brown

granules beneath surface and among perithecia, KOH-diluted pigments

greenish olivaceous (90) or dull green (70); tissue below the perithecial layer

inconspicuous. PERITHECIA obovoid, 0.3-0.4 x 0.15-0.25 mm diam. OSTIOLES

conical-papillate, surrounded by a truncatum-type disc 0.1-0.2 mm diam. Asc1

cylindrical, 72-80 x 4-5 um, spore-bearing part 56-62 um, stipe 12-19 um,

apical ring amyloid, discoid, 0.5 x 1 um. Ascosporgs light brown, ellipsoid-

inequilateral, with narrowly rounded ends, 5-7 x 2.5-3 um, with straight

germ slit spore-length on flattened side; perispore dehiscent in KOH; epispore

smooth; surface smooth under SEM.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: BRAZIL. PARANA STATE: Palotina, PESC, 16 May 2013, leg. K.S.

Cruz 016 (HCP 578), 017 (HCP 579); 7 Oct 2013, leg. K.S. Cruz 174 (HCP 580), 183

(HCP 581); 5 Nov 2013, leg. K.S. Cruz 158 (HCP 582).

HABITAT AND DISTRIBUTION: On rotting wood, in the board of forest. Known

from the Americas and Asia (Ju & Rogers 1996).

Notes: The small ascospores and ostiolar disc and green stromatic pigment

are diagnostic features for A. stygium (Ju & Rogers 1996). It looks like the

African A. atroroseum (J.D. Rogers) Y.M. Ju et al., which differs by its pinkish

stromatic surface (Ju & Rogers 1996). In Brazil, A. stygium has been reported

from Amazon and Atlantic Forest biomes, including Parana State (Meijer 2006,

2010; Pereira 2015).

Key for the Annulohypoxylon species from PESC, Parana, Brazil

hOOSH Gla disc Dover Ty Perry + Sul tu pied tpt o/eal Eanes te bea ze ao Em howl ab chs ob nla abe 2.

P Ostiolardise tricot Me e.6 he oe de Sats Me Sa Rey pee de cage ie on gEsins gM ates 3

2. KOH-extractable pigments olivaceous grey, ostiolar disc 0.1-0.2 mm

Ch Ma ei sie ae RR el ae ap Pe Uy BE te) wees... A. parvodiscum

2. KOH-extractable pigments olivaceous green, ostiolar disc 0.3-0.5mm ... A. nitens

3. Ostiolar disc 0.1-0.2 mm, ascospores 5-7 x 2.5-3 UM ..........----00- A. stygium

3. Ostiolar disc 0.4-0.8 mm, ascospores 7-12 x 3.5-5um ......... A. macrodiscum

Annulohypoxylon parvodiscum sp. nov. (Brazil) ... 401

PLATE 3. Annulohypoxylon ascospores (SEM).

A: A. macrodiscum. B: A. nitens. C: A. parvodiscum. D: A. stygium.

Acknowledgments

Esteban Benjamin Sir (Fundacién Miguel Lillo, Argentina) and Jadergudson

Pereira (Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Brazil) are thanked for critical review

of the manuscript. Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnoldgico

(CNPq, Procs. 478373/2010-4, 483455/2013-3) and Fundacao Araucaria de Apoio ao

Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnolédgico do Estado do Parana (Conv. 675/2014) are

thanked for financial support. We also thank Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de

Pessoal de Nivel Superior for a student fellowship to KSC and CME-UFPR for SEM

facilities.

Literature cited

Cruz KS, Cortez VG. 2015a. Hypoxylon (Xylariaceae, Ascomycota) from Western Parana, Brazil.

Brazilian Journal of Botany 38: 889-901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40415-015-0189-z

Cruz KS, Cortez VG. 2015b. Xylaria (Xylariaceae, Ascomycota) in the Parque Estadual de Sao

Camilo, Parana, Brazil. Acta Bioldgica Paranaense 44: 129-144.

http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/abpr.v44il-4.43846

Fournier J, Stadler M, Hyde KD, Duong ML. 2010. The new genus Rostrohypoxylon and

two new Annulohypoxylon species from Northern Thailand. Fungal Diversity 40: 23-36.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13225-010-0026-4

Hladki AI, Romero AI. 2009. Novedades para los géneros Annulohypoxylon e Hypoxylon

(Ascomycota, Xylariaceae) en la Republica Argentina. Darwiniana 47: 278-288.

Hsieh HM, Ju YM, Rogers JD. 2005. Molecular phylogeny of Hypoxylon and closely related genera.

Mycologia 97: 844-865. http://dx.doi.org/10.3852/mycologia.97.4.844

Ju YM, Rogers JD. 1996. A revision of the genus Hypoxylon. St. Paul (USA): APS Press. 365 p.

402 ... Cruz & Cortez

Ju YM, Rogers JD, Hsieh HM. 2004. New Hypoxylon species and notes on some names associated

with or related to Hypoxylon. Mycologia 96: 154-161.

Kozera C, Peluci JC. 2015. O Bioma Mata Atlantica no Oeste do Parana. 7-18, in: VG Cortez,

RB Goncalves. (Org.). Guia da Biodiversidade de Palotina. Palotina: PROEC/UFPR.

Meijer AAR. 2006. Preliminary list of the macromycetes from the Brazilian State of Parana. Boletim

do Museu Botanico Municipal, Curitiba 68: 1-55.

Meijer AAR. 2010. Preliminary list of the macromycetes from the Brazilian state of Parana:

corrections and updating. Boletim do Museu Botanico Municipal, Curitiba 72: 1-9.

Pereira J. 2015 Xylariales. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil. Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro.

http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/jabot/floradobrasil/FB26

Pereira J, Rogers JD, Bezerra JL. 2010. New Annulohypoxylon species from Brazil. Mycologia 102:

248-252. http://dx.doi.org/10.3852/09-116

Rayner RW. 1970. A mycological colour chart. Kew: Commonwealth Mycological Institute.

Suwannasai N, Whalley AM, Whalley JSA, Thienhirun S, Sihanonth P. 2012. Ascus apical apparatus

and ascospore characters in Xylariaceae. IMA Fungus 3: 125-133.

http://dx.doi.org/10.5598/imafungus.2012.03.02.04

MY COTAXON

April-June 2016— Volume 131, pp. 403-405

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/131.403

First record of Pileolaria terebinthi (Pucciniales) in Pakistan

B. Att, Y. SOHAIL & A.S. MUMTAZ

Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University,

Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: samad207@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT—The rust fungus Pileolaria terebinthi is recorded for the first time in Pakistan, on

Pistacia chinensis.

Key worps—Anacardiaceae, Hazara Division, Pileolariaceae, taxonomy, Uredinales

Introduction

Rust-infected Pistacia chinensis was collected in Haripur District in northern

Pakistan. This plant is a small to medium-sized deciduous tree with limited

distribution in Pakistan, e.g., the Kurram Valley, Swat, Hazara, Gilgit, Chitral,

Muree, Salt range, Peshawar, and Rawalpindi (Pant et al. 2010; Abbasi et al.

2011). Chinese pistachio is traditionally used for treatment of human diseases

such as loss of appetite, asthma, coughs, and diarrhea, and leaf galls associated

with Pemphigus aphids are effective against hepatitis (Bibi et al. 2015).

The rust fungus was determined as a Pileolaria. Two Pileolaria species,

P. terebinthi and P. pistaciae E.L. Tai & C.T. Wei, have previously been recorded

from P. chinensis (Teng 1996).

Light microscopy was done on spore mounts embedded in a drop of fixing

jelly (glycerine jelly). About 40 randomly chosen spores of each spore state

were measured. Our material was identified by uredinial and telial characters

as P. terebinthi, the first report of this species from Pakistan.

Taxonomy

Pileolaria terebinthi (DC.) Castagne, Observ. Uréd. 1: 22. 1842. PLATE 1

SPERMOGONIA and AEcIA not found. UREDINIA amphigenous on leaves,

mostly adaxial, reddish brown; UREDINIOSPORES ellipsoid, pyriform or oblong,

404 ... Ali, Sohail & Mumtaz

PLaTE 1: Pileolaria terebinthi (ISL-9938). A. Pistacia chinensis leaves showing abaxial blackish

brown pustules; B. Urediniospore with thick wall; C, D. Teliospores and pedicels; E-F. Teliospores

and pedicels (SEM), showing single apical germ pore and rugose surface. Scale bars = 10 um.

brown to yellowish-brown, pedicellate, verruculose, 26-38 x 18-25 um; wall

densely and minutely verruculose, 3-4 um thick, thickened up to 6 um apically,

germ pores 4 and equatorial. TELIA amphigenous on leaves, mostly adaxial,

dark-brown, dusty, rounded, sometimes confluent, 0.5-2.5 x 0.3-1.8 mm in

diam; TeL1ospores chestnut or reddish brown, transversely compressed,

unicellular, 20-30 x 27-35 um in size, wall 3-5 um thick, rugose, chestnut-

brown, with a single apical germ pore, covered by a hyaline or pale papilla

measuring 2-5 x 5-11 um; pedicel 50-190 x 7-12.5 um, hyaline, thick-walled

(1.5-4 um), smooth, persistent.

MATERIAL EXAMINED: PAKISTAN, KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, Hazara Division, District

Haripur, altitude 560 m.a.s.1., on Pistacia chinensis Bunge (Anacardiaceae), stages II &

III, December 2014, leg. B. Ali BA76 (ISL-9938).

ComMeENnts: Pileolaria pistaciae differs from P. terebinthi by its longer (30-46 um),

narrower (15-20 um), irregularly verrucose, more pointed urediniospores

Pileolaria terebinthi new for Pakistan ... 405

with thinner walls (1.5-2 um thick laterally, 4-8 um thick apically) and by its

teliospores having shorter (30-50 um), narrower (5-7 um), and roughened

pedicels (Hiratsuka et al. 1992; Teng 1996).

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge Department of Physics, Peshawar University

Pakistan (UOP) for technical support in Electron Microscopy. We are sincerely thankful

to Dr. Reinhard Berndt (ETH Ziirich, Plant Ecological Genetics) and Dr. Amy Rossman

(Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University) for acting as

presubmission reviewers and giving valuable suggestions. We are also grateful to

Dr. Sayed Afzal Shah (Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University) for his

help in fieldwork.

Literature cited

Abbasi AM, Khan MA, Ahmad M, Zafar M. 2011. Medicinal plant biodiversity of Lesser Himalayas

- Pakistan. Springer Verlag, New York. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1575-6

Bibi Y, Zia M, Qayyum A. 2015. An overview of Pistacia integerrima a medicinal plant species:

ethnobotany, biological activities and phytochemistry. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical

Sciences 28: 1009-1013.

Hiratsuka N, Sato S, Katsuya K, Kakishima M, Hiratsuka Y, Kaneko S, Ono Y, Sato T, Harada Y,

Hiratsuka T, Nakayama K. 1992. ‘The rust flora of Japan. Takezono, Ibaraki, Japan: Tsukuba

Shuppankai. 1205 p.

Pant S, Samant SS. 2010. Ethnobotanical observations in the Mornaula Reserve Forest of Kumoun,

West Himalaya, India. Ethnobotanical Leaflets 14: 193-217.

Teng SC. 1996. Fungi of China. Mycotaxon Ltd., Ithaca NY. xiv + 586 p.

MY COTAXON

April-June 2016—Volume 131, pp. 407-412

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/131.407

Lectotypification of the name Umbilicaria esculenta

EvGeny A. DavyDov’ & YOSHIHITO OHMURA?

' Altai State University, Lenin Avenue, 61, Barnaul, 656049, Russia

? Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science,

4-1-1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0005, Japan

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: eadavydov@yandex.ru

ABSTRACT — The protologue and typification of the name Umbilicaria esculenta |= Gyrophora

esculenta], an East Asian lichen-forming fungus, are discussed. The lectotype is designated

from the Miyoshi collection deposited in TNS.

Key worps — iwatake, Japan, lichenised Ascomycota, nomenclature, Umbilicariaceae

Introduction

Although the family Umbilicariaceae has been studied for many years,

questions regarding typification remain to be solved (e.g. Wei & Jiang 1993;

Jorgensen et al. 1994; Hestmark 2007, 2010, 2014; Davydov et al. 2014).

Umbilicaria esculenta (Umbilicariaceae) is characterized by a large rigid

thallus with a matte, smooth to rough and particularly schizidiate upper

thallus surface; the lower surface is velvet-like due to dense black branched

rhizinomorphs with multiseptate (400-500 cells or more) thalloconidia. The

distribution of the species is restricted to East Asia (Japan, Korea, Russian Far

East, and China), where it grows mostly in forests on steep siliceous rocks

in upland areas of the warm temperate region and the lowlands of the cool

temperate regions (Sat6 1968, Blum 1969, Wei & Jiang 1993, Yoshimura 1993,

Moon 1999).

Umbilicaria esculenta is well known in Eastern countries as an edible lichen

named “Iwatake” in Japan, “Sheakki” in Korea, and “Shi-er” in China. The

species is also used in medicine (e.g., Hirabayashi et al. 1989, Yoshimura 1993

[and references in that paper], Kim & Lee 2006, Wu et al. 2014, Xu et al. 2014).

408 ... Davydov & Ohmura

However, since the name U. esculenta has yet to be typified, the purpose of this

study is to elucidate its history and to designate its lectotype.

Original material

Prof. Manabu Miyoshi (1862-1939), a Japanese botanist who mainly

researched cherries and irises, also collected lichens and published several

lichenological papers. In one of these he described Gyrophora esculenta (the

basionym of Umbilicaria esculenta), the first lichen described by a Japanese

scientist (Miyoshi 1893). Although the protologue lacks a Latin description

and is written in German, the name was validly published according to the

ICN (2012: Art. 38.1, 39.1). No specimens are cited in the protologue, but

Miyoshi (1893) mentioned that the species is known from “Mts Kiso, Nikko,

Kumano u. s. w.’; he also referred to its occurrence in his earlier report on a

botanical excursion to Mt. Ontake (Miyoshi 1890) but provided no description

or diagnosis for this taxon.

Llano (1950) and Wei & Jiang (1993), who did not see the type material of U.

esculenta, considered the type to be “In the Botanical Institute, Tokyo University,

from Japan, leg. Miyoshi” (Llano 1950: 189). Miyoshi’s collections, formerly

kept in TI (University of Tokyo), are currently deposited in the Herbarium,

National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, Japan (TNS), and we

have found only one collection associated with the protologue of Gyrophora

esculenta in this herbarium. Two other collections possibly belonging to the

original material were found in European herbaria and are discussed below.

As imprinted in the protologue, Miyoshi had written his paper in “Leipzig,

15 October 1893”, where he researched from 1891 until 1894. The botanical

collections of Leipzig, as well as those of Berlin, were mainly destroyed

during the Second World War, and most of their lichen collections were lost.

Surprisingly, several of Miyoshi’s U. esculenta specimens are still present in the

Herbarium of Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem

Freie Universitat, Berlin, Germany (B). Four packet labels indicate that

Miyoshi bought them in a Tokyo market in Tokyo and provide no additional

information. One packet belonging to exsiccata no. 1613 of Arnold (1899)

and another labelled “Japan” and “Ded. [Dedit] Miyoshi” may represent

original material, but the collecting date is missing on both labels. A copy of

the photograph published by Matsumura & Miyoshi (1899) is included with

the “Ded. Miyoshi” specimen. ‘Thalli are glued onto a sheet of paper, but some

appear to have subsequently been removed; we did not find on the sheet thalli

identical to those in the photo. The handwriting on the labels seems to date

from the time when Miyoshi was in Germany and may have been written by

P. Hennings, then curator of fungi who published a small contribution on

Umbilicaria esculenta lectotypified ... 409

edible fungi of Japan that included U. esculenta (Hennings 1899). Probably

he obtained these specimens from Miyoshi for an exhibition at the Botanical

Museum in Dresden (H. Sipman, pers. comm.). Because there is no precise

data (e.g., locality, collector, date) mentioned on the sheet, we cannot be sure if

this specimen was part of the original material.

Other collections were found in the herbarium of Botanische Staatssammlung

Miinchen, Munich, Germany (M). The collection distributed by Arnold

as an exsiccata is also presented in M, but only “Japan” is mentioned as the

locality, whereas the collection with the barcode label M-0059004 is referred

to one of the localities (Nikko) mentioned in the protologue (Miyoshi 1893).

The envelope of M-0059004, which has a printed label “ex coll. M. Miyoshi’,

undoubtedly belongs to Miyoshi's collections. The locality and collector data are

handwritten in ink, but the date of collection is missing. It is impossible to say

with full confidence whether Miyoshi wrote it; some letters look similar to his

handwriting, but the others do not. The second printed label indicates that this

specimen belonged to Dr F. Arnold's herbarium and was received in 1901 by M;

clearly, Arnold obtained it from Miyoshi earlier, but no additional information

documenting this could be found given the absence of correspondence between

Miyoshiand Arnold in Arnold's archive in M (A. Beck, pers. comm.). It appears

from label data in TNS that Miyoshi’s major collecting activity in Nikko was in

1890; only a few additional Nikko collections date from 1891 and 1900. Thus,

we can be almost certain that M-0059004 from Nikko was collected before the

protologue was published in 1893.

The single Gyrophora esculenta specimen in TNS collected by Miyoshi

does not have an original label written by Miyoshi but has a label prepared by

Dr Masami Sat6 (Fic. 1). On this blank printed label “Masami Sat6” was

imprinted as collector and identifier; but then the name of collector was

corrected to “Manabu Miyoshi (?)”, and the locality “Honshu: Mt. Kiso-Ontake”

and date “Aug. 15, 1890” were added (in Japanese) in Saté’s handwriting. Sat6

also studied Umbilicaria and in particular he published a paper on U. esculenta

(Satd 1968). It would be logical to assume that he examined Miyoshi’s collection

housed in the University of Tokyo (TI). It seems that the original label lacked

the precise information on collector, and Saté added “Manabu Miyoshi”

because he knew that Miyoshi was collecting at that date in Ontake Mts. This is

the only specimen having the collecting data, and its locality was mentioned in

the protologue; thus we assume that the TNS specimen most probably belongs

to the original material.

Thus, two collections, in M and in TNS seem to belong to the original

material. Both collections are morphologically in agreement with the

description although, as for that in B, they do not include fertile material.

410 ... Davydov & Ohmura

Herbarium Universitatis Imperialis Tokyoensis

NATIONAL MUSEUM OF NATURE AND SCIENCE, TOKYO

RA PMABMHARBMDBRAR HERBARIUM OF LICHENS

ae LECTOTYPE

Gypeg hore ercutonta 4 Gyrophora esculenta Miyoshi

4 br 2 Bot. Centrabl. 56: 161 (1893)

64an FI v iA 149 JAPAN, Honshu. Prov. Hida (Pref. Gifu): Mt. Kiso-Ontake. August 15, 1890

Datum. Aug. is B70. «: 5 c

i i : Coll.: M.M h ales

Legitor, -#e=E—E | Determinavit M, M. Saté 5 ae ia

EXP Fe 2 i Det.:

FIGURE 1. Gyrophora esculenta (lectotype, TNS-L-125467). Upper (left) and lower (right) surfaces

of the specimen; herbarium labels. Scale = 1 cm.

According to the protologue, Miyoshi investigated not only sterile specimens

but also fertile material, which is rarely observed in this species. Nevertheless,

since the TNS collection has both locality and date, which agree with the data

in the protologue, we designate it as the lectotype of Gyrophora esculenta

(Fig.l):

Typification

Umbilicaria esculenta (Miyoshi) Minks, Mém. Herb. Boiss. 22: 22. 1900.

= Gyrophora esculenta Miyoshi, Bot. Centrabl. 56: 162. 1893.

Type: Japan. Honshu: Mt. Kiso-Ontake, Aug. 15, 1890, leg. M. Miyoshi s.n. (Lectotype

designated here, TNS-L-125467).

OTHER ORIGINAL MATERIAL TRACED: Japan. Honshu: Nikko, ex. coll. M. Miyoshi s.n.

(M-0059004).

Acknowledgments

We are most grateful to the curator Dr. H.J.M. Sipman for checking and commenting

on specimens in B, to Prof. H. Hertel and curator Dr. D. Triebel for help during the visit

of ED to the Botanische Staatssammlung Munchen in 2004, to curator Dr. A. Beck for

Umbilicaria esculenta lectotypified ... 411

providing historical information on Arnold's collection in M, to Prof. H. Kashiwadani

(National Museum of Nature and Science) and Dr. A. Sennikov (Finnish Museum

of Natural History, University of Helsinki) for their valuable comments, and to Prof.

M.R.D. Seaward for improving the text.

Literature cited

Arnold F. 1899. Lichenes exsiccati (1894-1899) No. 1601-1800. Berichte der Bayerischen

Botanischen Gesellschaft zur Erforschung der Flora 7: 1-17.

Blum OB. 1969: Umbilicaria esculenta (Mioshi) Minks — a new for the Soviet Union lichen from the

Far East. Ukrainian Journal of Botany 26(2): 79-82.

Davydov EA, Yakovchenko L, Ohmura Y. 2014. The new lectotypification of Umbilicaria

kisovana (Umbilicariaceae, lichenized Ascomycota). Mycotaxon 129: 415-419.

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/129.415

Hennings P. 1899. Uber essbare japanische Pilze. Notizblatt des Botanischen Gartens und Museums

Berlin. 2: 385-386.

Hestmark G. 2007. Typification of Umbilicaria cinereorufescens. Mycotaxon 100: 235-240.

Hestmark G. 2010. Typification of the Andean taxa of Umbilicaria described by William Nylander.

Mycotaxon 111: 51-63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/111.51

Hestmark G. 2014. Lectotypification of the name Umbilicaria nylanderiana (Umbilicariaceae).

Taxon 63: 914-917. http://dx.doi.org/10.12705/634.12

Hirabayashi K, Iwata S, Ito M, Shigeta S, Narui T, Mori T, Shibata S. 1989. Inhibitory effect of a

lichen polysaccharide sulfate, GE-3-S, on replication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

in vitro. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 37: 2410-2412.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.37.2410

ICN. 2012. International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Melbourne Code).

Regnum Vegetabile 154. Koeltz Scientific Books. 208 p.

http://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/main.php

Kim MS, Lee KA. 2006. Antithrombic activity of methanolic extract of Umbilicaria esculenta.

Journal of Ethnopharmacology 105: 342-345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2005.11.011

Llano GA. 1950. A monograph of the lichen family Umbilicariaceae in the Western Hemisphere.

Washington D.C. 281 p.

Matsumura J, Miyoshi M. 1899. Cryptogamae Japonicae iconibus illustratae, or Figures with

brief descriptions and remarks of the Musci, Hepaticae, Lichenes, Fungi, and Algae of Japan.

Keigyosha & Co. Tokyo.

Miyoshi M. 1890. Botanical excursion to the Mount Ontake. Botanical Magazine [Tokyo] 4: 135.

Miyoshi M. 1893. Die essbare Flechte Japans, Gyrophora esculenta sp. nov. Botanisches Centralblatt

56: 161-163.

Moon KH. 1999. Lichens of Mt. Sorak in Korea. Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory

86: 187-220.

Saté M. 1968. An edible lichen of Japan, Gyrophoa esculenta Miyoshi. Nova Hedwigia 16: 505-509,

plates 183-185.

Wei JC, Jiang YM. 1993. The Asian Umbilicariaceae (Ascomycota). Mycrosystema Monographicum

Series No. 1. Beijing: International Academic Publishers. 218 p.

Wu S, Zhao Z, Okada Y, Watanabe Y, Takahata T, Inoue T, Otsubo E, Wang J, Lu Y, Nomura M.

2014. Physiological activity of Chinese lichen (Gyrophora esculenta) component, methyl

2,4-dihydroxy-6-methylbenzoate and the related compounds. Asian Journal of Chemistry

26: 702-708. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2014.15485

412 ... Davydov & Ohmura

Xu B, Li C, Sung C. 2014. Telomerase inhibitory effects of medicinal mushrooms and lichens,

and their anticancer activity. International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms 16: 17-28.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/intjmedmushr.v16.i1.20

Yoshimura I. 1993. Use of “Iwatake’, an edible lichen, Umbilicaria esculenta. Bulletin of Kochi

Gakuen College 24: 803-808.

MY COTAXON

April-June 2016— Volume 131, pp. 413-418

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/131.413

Dinemasporium japonicum on Polytrichum commune

from Korea

JI-HyuUN PARK’, SEUNG-BEOM Honag’,

YOUNG-JOON CHOI? & HYEON-DONG SHIN™

‘Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University,

Seoul 02841, Korea

*Korean Agricultural Culture Collection, National Institute of Agricultural Science,

Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea

*Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Kunsan National University,

Gunsan 54150, Korea

*CORRESPONDENCE TO: hdshin@korea.ac.kr

ABSTRACT — Dinemasporium japonicum was found growing on the decaying stems of

Polytrichum commune (Bryophyta). The identification of D. japonicum was based on its

morphological characteristics and the sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer

of ribosomal DNA. This represents the first record of D. japonicum on a non-tracheophyte

substrate, and the first record of its occurrence in Korea.

KEY worps — common haircap moss, ITS rDNA, phylogeny, Polytrichaceae

Introduction

Dinemasporium Lev. (Chaetosphaeriaceae, Sordariomycetes) is characterized

by setose conidiomata exposing a slimy conidial mass at maturity, phialidic

conidiogenous cells, and hyaline, oblong to allantoid, aseptate conidia

with an appendage at each end (Crous et al. 2012; Hashimoto et al. 2015).

It is a phylogenetically well-defined genus in the Chaetosphaeriaceae, and

morphological characteristics such as conidiomatal setae, conidial size, and

length of conidial appendages are useful for distinguishing its species (Crous

et al. 2012).

In June 2012, mats of common haircap moss (Polytrichum commune

Hedw., Polytrichaceae, Bryophyta) were found to be dotted with brown to

414 ... Park &al.

purplish brown patches on Mt. Cheongtae located in Hoengseong county in

Korea. Careful observation of the discoloration revealed that some of the moss

stems and leaves were associated with fungal growth. Decaying mosses were

characterized by conidiomata with setae large enough to be visible to the naked

eye. A short survey showed that hundreds of the moss plants were decayed by

one type of fungus. Here, we identify this fungus as Dinemasporium japonicum,

based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses.

Materials & methods

Fungal structures were detached from the moss and placed on a glass slide in a drop

of water. Observations were made with an Olympus BX51 microscope (Olympus, Tokyo,

Japan) and with a Zeiss AX10 microscope using bright field and differential interference

contrast (DIC) light microscopy and an AxioCam MRc5 camera (Carl Zeiss, Géttingen,

Germany). At least 30 measurements of each fungal structure were conducted at

100-1000x. A voucher specimen was deposited in the Korea University Herbarium,

Seoul, Korea (KUS).

To obtain a pure isolate, the fungal structures with a conidial mass were carefully

removed and placed in a drop of sterilized water on a glass slide, since conidial dispersal

occurs in water. A loop of conidial suspension was streaked onto 2% water agar plates

supplemented with streptomycin sulfate (100 mg/L). After 1-2 days of incubation at

25°C, the conidia began to germinate. Single conidial colonies were transferred onto

potato dextrose agar (PDA) using a fine needle. The obtained isolate was deposited in

the Korean Agricultural Culture Collection, Wanju, Korea (KACC).

Genomic DNA was extracted from fungal colonies growing on PDA using DNeasy

Plant Mini DNA Extraction Kits (Qiagen Inc., Valencia, CA, USA), following the

manufacturer's instructions. The complete internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region

of rDNA was amplified with the primers ITS1/ITS4 (White et al. 1990) and purified

using a QIAquick PCR Purification Kit (Qiagen Inc.). The purified PCR amplicons were

directly sequenced using Macrogen Sequencing Service (Macrogen, Seoul, Korea). The

newly generated sequence was deposited in GenBank. Several ITS rDNA sequences

of Dinemasporium species in the NCBI GenBank database were retrieved for the

phylogenetic analysis. Pseudolachnea hispidula was used as outgroup. Sequences were

aligned using MAFFT version 7 (Katoh & Standley 2013). A phylogenetic tree was

inferred using the neighbor-joining method in MEGA6 (Tamura et al. 2013), with the

default settings of the program. The reproducibility of the internal nodes in the tree was

tested by bootstrap analysis using 1000 replications.

Taxonomy

Dinemasporium japonicum A. Hashim., G. Sato & Kaz. Tanaka, Mycoscience 56:

92. 2015 [“2014”]. Fic. 1

Fungal colonies on PDA were flat, ivory to pale yellow, floccose, with

sparse aerial mycelium. Conidiomata were stromatic, scattered or aggregated,

Dinemasporium japonicum on Polytrichum commune (Korea) ... 415

Fic. 1. Dinemasporium japonicum on Polytrichum commune. A: Discoloration of stems and

leaves of the common haircap moss associated with fungal growth. B: Close-up view of leaves,

showing fungal structures (arrows). C, D: Conidioma with setae, containing a conidial mass.

E: Conidiophores with conidiogenous cells. F: Conidia with two appendages. G: Two-week-old

colonies on potato dextrose agar. Scale bars: D = 100 um; E, F = 20 um.

superficial, pulvinate, dark brown to black, setose with pale brown conidial

mass in center. Setae were mostly marginal or occasionally in conidiomata,

stiff, straight, unbranched, dark brown to chestnut brown, pointed,

1-7-septate, attenuate upwards, 70-300 um long, and 4-12 um wide at the base.

Conidiophores were lining the basal stroma, cylindrical, hyaline, septate, thin-

walled, invested in mucus, 22-36 um long, and 2-3 um wide. Conidiogenous

cells were phialidic, determinate, subcylindrical to lageniform, hyaline, 5-12

uum long, and 2-2.5 um wide. Conidia were fusiform to allantoid or naviculate,

obtuse on both ends, unicellular, hyaline, milky white to pale pinkish in a slimy

416... Park &al.

JQ889278 D. pseudostrigosum

JQ889279 D. pseudostrigosum

82] AB900862 D. bambusicola

AB900860 D. bambusicola

AB900883 D. sasae

JQ889274 D. americanum

100] JQ889282 D. strigosum

JQ889285 D. strigosum

AB900863 D. rishiriense

AB900865 D. longicapillatum

AB900868 D. longicapillatum

AB934072 Pseudolachnea hispidula

0.01

Fic. 2. ITS phylogenetic tree inferred from the neighbor-joining method for Dinemasporium

japonicum and allied taxa, based on the sequences of the internal transcribed spacer rDNA region.

Bootstrap support values from 1000 replicates are shown at the nodes. Our new sequence is

indicated by bold font. Scale bar indicates number of nucleotide substitutions per site.

mass, and 6.5-9 um long, and 2-3 um wide. Appendages were 7-11 um long

and almost centric.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED — KOREA, GANGwon, Hoengseong, Mt. Cheong Tae, 37°31’19”N

128°17’25”E, on the decaying stems of Polytrichum commune, 18 June 2012, H.D. Shin &

J.H. Park (KUS-F26722; culture, KACC46848; GenBank KT758799).

REMARKS — ‘The lengths of the conidiophores and conidiogenous cells in

our study differed somewhat from those given in the original description

(conidiophores 4-17 um, conidiogenous cells 6-21 um; Hashimoto et al. 2015).

In Dinemasporium species, the conidiophores are generally much longer than

the conidiogenous cells (Duan et al. 2007; Crous et al. 2012). The holotype

specimen of D. japonicum should be reexamined to clarify the unusual

description for this species.

Phylogeny

The sequence obtained from KACC46848 comprised 502 bp. A BLAST

search of this sequence revealed 100% identity with sequence AB900869 from

the holotype of D. japonicum (HHUF30103). Based on the ITS rDNA sequences,

Dinemasporium japonicum on Polytrichum commune (Korea) ... 417

our Korean sequence clustered within the clade of D. japonicum, distinct from

other Dinemasporium species in the neighbor-joining tree (Fic. 2). Previously,

the ITS region provided insufficient resolution for the interspecific relationships

of most Dinemasporium species. In our study and in that of Hashimoto et al.

(2015), however, the ITS region clearly discriminates D. japonicum from other

Dinemasporium species and supports it as a separate lineage.

Discussion

Recently, Hashimoto et al. (2015) introduced D. japonicum as a new species

occurring on some gramineous (Juncus, Miscanthus, Phragmites, Sasa) and

unidentified woody substrates from Japan. In general, Dinemasporium species

occur on various herbaceous and woody substrates (Nag Raj 1993); however,

they have never been reported on bryophytes. Our Korean specimen represents

the first observation of D. japonicum on a non-tracheophyte substrate, and the

first record of this fungus in Korea.

Two species, Epigloea pleiospora in Poland and Lizonia emperigonia in

Denmark, Poland, and Sweden, have been recorded on Polytrichum commune

as phytopathogens, and several Dinemasporium species have been reported as

phytopathogens on various vascular plants (Farr & Rossman 2016). Although

we could not evaluate the phytopathological effects of D. japonicum on

P. commune, this fungus is certainly associated with the discoloration and

decomposition of the moss.

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by a grant from Regional Subgenebank Support Program

of Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea. Part of this work was also

supported by the BK21 PLUS program in 2013-2015 funded by the National Research

Foundation of Korea (NRF).

Literature cited

Crous PW, Verkley GJM, Christensen M, Castafieda-Ruiz RF, Groenewald JZ. 2012. How important

are conidial appendages? Persoonia 28: 126-137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/003158512x652624

Duan J, Wu W, Liu XZ. 2007. Dinemasporium (Coelomycetes). Fungal Divers. 26: 205-218.

Farr DE, Rossman AY. 2016. Fungal databases. Syst. Mycol. Microbiol. Lab., Online publication,

ARS, USDA. Retrieved January 12, 2016.

Hashimoto A, Sato G, Matsuda T, Hirayama K, Hatakeyama S, Harada Y, Shirouzu T, Tanaka K.

2015. Molecular taxonomy of Dinemasporium and its allied genera. Mycoscience 56: 86-101.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.myc.2014.04.001

Katoh K, Standley DM. 2013. MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7:

improvements in performance and usability. Mol. Biol. Evol. 30: 772-780.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst010

Nag Raj TR. 1993. Coelomycetous anamorphs with appendage-bearing conidia. Canada,

Mycologue Publication.

418 ... Park & al.

Tamura K, Stecher G, Peterson D, Filipski A, Kumar S. 2013. MEGA6: Molecular Evolutionary

Genetics Analysis version 6.0. Mol. Biol. Evol. 30: 2725-2729.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst197

White TJ, Bruns T, Lee SB, Taylor JW. 1990. Amplification and direct sequencing of

fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. 315-322, in: MA Innis et al. (eds.),

PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications. San Diego, Academic Press.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1

MY COTAXON

April-June 2016— Volume 131, pp. 419-422

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/131.419

Dictyoceratosporella wuzhishanensis sp. nov.

from Hainan Province, China

JI-WEN XIA, CHUN-LING YANG, JIN- YE WANG,

YING-RuI Ma, JIAN-MEI GAO & XIU-GUO ZHANG

Department of Plant Pathology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China

*CORRESPONDENCE TO: sdau613@163.com, zhxg@sdau.edu.cn

ABSTRACT—Dictyoceratosporella wuzhishanensis is described and illustrated as a new species,

from dead stems of an unidentified broadleaf tree in Hainan Province, China. The fungus has

single, unbranched conidiophores, each with an integrated monoblastic apical conidiogenous

cell producing a dictyoseptate conidium with 2-4 rounded divergent lobes.

Key worps—anamorphic fungi, conidial fungi, hyphomycetes, taxonomy

Introduction

Hainan Province (18°10’-20°10’N 108°37’-111°05’E) is an island in

southern China. The annual mean temperature is 22-27°C, and the annual

precipitation 1000-2600 mm. Wuzhishan National Nature Reserve, in central

Hainan, has a typical tropical rainforest climate.

Among our fungal collections from Wuzhishan National Nature Reserve, we

found a hyphomycetous specimen that conformed with Dictyoceratosporella

Y.R. Ma et al.; it is described and illustrated here as a new species,

D. wuzhishanensis.

Dictyoceratosporella wuzhishanensis J.W. Xia & X.G. Zhang, sp.nov. —_ Fics 1, 2

MycoBank MB 817802

Differs from the two previously described Dictyoceratosporella species by its larger

conidia with 2-4 shorter, wider lobes.

Type: China, Hainan Province: Wuzhishan, dead stems of unidentified broadleaf tree, 22

Apr. 2015, J.W. Xia (Holotype, HSAUP H6660; isotype, HMAS 245583).

EryMoLoey: in reference to the type locality.

lisé

Fic. 1. Dictyoceratosporella wuzhishanensis (ex HSAUP H6660):

A. conidiophores, conidiogenous cells, and conidia; B. conidiophores; C. conidia.

| sa

CoLonigs on the natural substrate effuse, brown to dark brown, hairy.

Mycelium superficial and partly immersed, composed of septate, pale brown,

smooth hyphae, 1-2 um wide. Conrp1opHorREs single, unbranched, erect,

straight or slightly flexuous, cylindrical, smooth, thick-walled, brown to dark

brown, 6-10-septate, 100-135 x 5-7 um. CONIDIOGENOUS CELL monoblastic,

integrated, terminal, smooth, cylindrical, brown to dark brown, 15-25 x

3-4.5 um. Conidial secession schizolytic. ConrpIA acrogenous, dictyoseptate,

solitary, with 2-4 shortly rounded, divergent lobes, smooth, 25-35 um long and

25-40 um wide in the middle, rounded at the top; basal cell 3.5-6 x 2.5-3.5 um,

lobes 20-30 x 12-20 um, with 2-6 transverse septa and 1-3 longitudinal septa.

ComMeEnTs -— The genus Dictyoceratosporella was established by Ma et al. (2016)

with two species: D. cordata Y.R. Ma & X.G. Zhang (type) and D. limushanensis

Y.R. Ma & X.G. Zhang. It has single, stout, unbranched conidiophores with

an integrated apical monoblastic conidiogenous cell producing a dictyoseptate

Dictyoceratosporella wuzhishanensis sp. nov. (China) ... 421

Fic. 2. Dictyoceratosporella wuzhishanensis (ex HSAUP H6660):

A. conidiophores, conidiogenous cells, and conidia;

B. conidiogenous cells and conidia; C. conidia.

conidium with 2 or more parallel or divergent arms. Ma et al. (2016) compared

Dictyoceratosporella with Actinocladium, Ceratosporella, Digitoramispora,

Pseudoacrodictys and Triposporium.

Dictyoceratosporella wuzhishanensis is similar to D. cordata in conidial

shape. However, the conidia of D. cordata have 2(-3) longer, narrower lobes

(22-40 x 7.5-15 um; Ma et al. 2016).

422 ... Xia &al.

Key to species of Dictyoceratosporella

1. Conidia cheiroid, 44-77 x 36-80 um,

with 2-5 navicular or fusiform dictyoseptate lobes............ D. limushanensis

PR ONL Ta: DIRUEGARC TO SOT ALC’ Pe ars fy PR ahd p aR APZ pen grat gue ie Sp bE Apes rua agus 0s bY pn geod aga 2

2. Conidia 18-44 x 19-36 um, with an obconic basal cell and

2(-3) semi-oval dictyoseptate lobes 22-40 x 7.5-15 um ............. D. cordata

2. Conidia 25-35 x 25-40 um, with a basal cell and

2-4 semi-oval, dictyoseptate lobes 20-30 x 12-20 um........ D. wuzhishanensis

Acknowledgments

The authors express gratitude to Dr. Bryce Kendrick and Dr. Rafael F. Castafeda-

Ruiz for serving as pre-submission reviewers and for their valuable comments and

suggestions. This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of

China (Nos. 31093440, 31230001, 31493010, 31493011) and the Ministry of Science and

Technology of the People’s Republic of China (Nos. 2006FY 120100).

Literature cited

Ma YR, Xia JW, Gao JM, Li Z, Zhang XG. 2016. Dictyoceratosporella gen. nov. with the description

of two new species collected from Hainan, China. - Sydowia 68: 57-61.

http://dx.doi.org/10.12905/0380.sydowia68-2016-0057

MY COTAXON

April-June 2016— Volume 131, pp. 423-428

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/131.423

Codinaea leomadiae sp. nov.

from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

MARCELA A. BARBOSA’, PHELIPE M.O. COSTA?,

ELAINE MALOSSO? & RAFAEL E CASTANEDA-RUIZ?

‘Programa de Pés-Graduagao em Biologia de Fungos &

*Centro de Biociéncias, Departamento de Micologia,

Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Avenida da Engenharia,

s/n Cidade Universitaria, Recife, PE, 50.740-600, Brazil

°Instituto de Investigaciones Fundamentales en Agricultura Tropical Alejandro de Humboldt’

(INIFAT), Académico Titular de la Academia de Ciencias de Cuba,

Calle 1 Esq. 2, Santiago de Las Vegas, C. Habana, Cuba, C.P. 17200

*CORRESPONDENCE TO: elaine.malosso@ufpe.br

ABSTRACT — Codinaea leomaiae was collected on the decaying leaf of an unidentified

plant and is described and illustrated as a new species. It is distinguished by polyphialidic

conidiogenous cells that produce broadly fusiform or eye-shaped, unicellular, hyaline conidia

with a single, curved setula at each end. A comparative table and conidial illustrations of

some rather similar non-setose Dictyochaeta species are also provided.

KEY worDs — asexual fungi, systematics, neotropic

Introduction

Codinaea, introduced by Maire (1937) with C. aristata Maire as the type species,

is characterized by distinct, single, mononematous or synnematous, brown to

pale brown conidiophores and an acerose to subulate, septate, dark brown,

thick-walled seta that can be present in some species. The conidiogenous cells

are mono- or polyphialidic, terminal, determinate, or indeterminate with

a few sympodial extensions and sometimes with enteroblastic percurrent

regenerations and with distinct cylindrical or funnel-shaped flaring, sometimes

collapsed collarettes at the conidiogenous loci and producing unicellular or

424 ... Barbosa & al.

septate, falcate to lunate hyaline conidia with a filiform appendage at each end

(Almeida & Gusmao 2014, 2015; Granados et al. 2014; Hughes & Kendrick

1968; Li et al. 2012; Oliveira et al. 2015; Réblova & Winka 2000; Seifert et al.

2011; Xia et al. 2015). For two decades, Dictyochaeta (Spegazzini 1923) was

considered an earlier name for Codinaea for two decades (Gamundi et al.

1977), but following the molecular evidence provided by Réblova & Winka

(2000), both genera are currently accepted (Seifert et al. 2011). Li et al. (2012)

recommended that species with filiform appendages should be retained in

Codinaea and taxa lacking appendages placed in Dictyochaeta.

During a mycological survey of microfungi associated with leaf litter in a

Brazilian Atlantic forest a conspicuous fungus was collected that is described

here as a new Codinaea species.

Materials & methods

Individual collections were placed in plastic bags, taken to the laboratory, and treated

according to Castafieda (2005). Mounts were prepared in polyvinyl alcohol-glycerol

(8 g PVA in 100 ml of water, plus 5 ml of glycerol) and in lactic acid (90%), and

measurements were made at a magnification of x1000 under a Nikon Eclipse Ni-U

microscope with bright field optics, and photomicrographs were obtained using DIC

optics with a Nikon DS-Fi2 camera. The holotype was deposited in the Herbarium,

Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil (URM).

Taxonomy

Codinaea leomaiae M.A. Barbosa, Malosso & R.F. Castafieda, sp. nov. Fic. 1

INDEXFUNGORUM IF 551859

Differs from all other Codinaea and Dictyochaeta species by its polyphialidic

conidiogenous cells and broadly fusiform or eye-shaped conidia with a single curved

setula at each end.

Type Brazil, Pernambuco, Tamandaré, REBIO Saltinho, 8°43’S 35°11’W, alt. 85 m., on

decaying leaf of an unidentified plant, 9.X1.2015, coll. M.A. Barbosa (Holotype URM

88249).

EryMo_oey: Latin, leomaiae, named in honor to the Brazilian mycologist Leonor Costa

Maia for her contribution to the study of fungi in Brazil.

CoLonizs on the natural substrate, scattered, hairy, black. Mycelium

superficial and immersed, composed of septate, branched, brown, smooth-

walled hyphae 1-2.5 um diam. SETAE absent. CONIDIOPHORES distinct, erect,

straight or flexuous, cylindrical, 10-14-septate, dark brown below, pale brown

to brown toward the apex, 260-300 x 7-9 um, smooth. CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS

polyphialidic, integrated, 40-50 x 4-5 um, terminal, indeterminate with few

sympodial extensions, pale brown, with 3-6 infundibuliform collarettes, 3.5-5

um deep, 2—5 um wide. Conip1A broadly fusiform to eye-shaped, guttulate,

Codinaea leomaiae sp. nov. (Brazil) ... 425

Fic. 1. Codinaea leomaiae (ex holotype URM 88249).

A. Conidia. B. Conidiogenous cells and conidia. Scale bars = 10 um.

426 ... Barbosa & al.

Fic. 2 Conidia of Codinaea leomaiae and similar Dictyochaeta spp. A. C. leomaiae. B. D. aliformis

(Kuthubutheen & Nawawi 1991). C. D. ciliata (Bhat & Kendrick 1993). D. D. daphnioides

(Kuthubutheen & Nawawi 1991). E. D. renispora (Whitton et al. 2000). F. D. tropicalis (Bhat &

Kendrick 1993). G. D. tumidospora (Kuthubutheen & Nawawi 1991). Scale bars = 10 um.

Codinaea leomaiae sp. nov. (Brazil) ... 427

unicellular, 10-18 x 8.5-9.5 um, thin-walled, hyaline, smooth, mostly with

a filiform appendage at each end forming angles of 45-90°; basal appendage

3.5-5.5 um long, curved, or rarely slightly curved or straight; apical appendage

<6 um long, curved.

Notes: Among all recorded Codinaea and Dictyochaeta species (Index

Fungorum 2015) only Dictyochaeta tropicalis (Bhat & Kendrick 1993)

superficially resembles Codinaea leomaiae. However, D._ tropicalis

[= Codinaea tropicalis; Oliveira et al. 2015] has monophialidic, terminal,

determinate conidiogenous cells and ellipsoid to drop-shaped conidia,

7.5-9.5 x 3-5 um with a filiform appendage at each end, with the apical

appendage always straight, 2.5—3 um long and the basal appendage curved,

<3.5 um long (Bhat & Kendrick 1993). Other non-setose Dictyochaeta species

with a single appendage at each conidial end that resemble C. leomaiae are

D. aliformis, D. daphnioides, and D. tumidospora, which have polyphialidic

conidiogenous cells (Kuthubutheen & Nawawi 1991), and D. ciliata (Bhat

& Kendrick 1993) and D. renispora (Whitton et al. 2000) characterized by

monophialidic conidiogenous cells. These species are compared and illustrated

(TABLE 1, Fic. 2).

TABLE 1. Comparison of some non-setose Codinaea and Dictyochaeta species

with a single appendage at each conidial end

SETULAE

SPECIES CoNIDIA (tm) (iam length) REFERENCE

C. leomaiae 10-18 x 8.5-9.5 <6 This paper

D. aliformis 16-22 x 4-5 18-22 Kuthubutheen & Nawawi (1991)

D. ciliata 6.5-10.5 x 6-8 5-8 Bhat & Kendrick (1993)

D. daphnioides 10-15.5 x 3.5-5 3-5 Kuthubutheen & Nawawi (1991)

D. renispora 6-8.5 x 3-4.5 6-12 Whitton et al. (2000)

D. tropicalis 7.5-9.5 x 3-5 <3.5 Bhat & Kendrick (1993)

D. tumidospora 20-28.5 x 7-9.5 8-10.5 Kuthubutheen & Nawawi (1991)

Acknowledgments

The authors express their sincere gratitude to Dr. Xiu-Guo Zhang and Dr. De-Wei Li

for their critical review of the manuscript. The authors are grateful to the ‘Coordenacao

de Aperfeigoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES)’ for financial support

through project 88881.062172/2014-01 and the ‘Programa Ciéncia sem Fronteiras.

RFCR is grateful to the Cuban Ministry of Agriculture and ‘Programa de Salud Animal

y Vegetal; project P131LH003033 for facilities. We acknowledge the facilities provided

by Dr. P.M. Kirk and Drs. V. Robert, G. Stegehuis and Arthur Decock through the Index

428 ... Barbosa & al.

Fungorum and MycoBank websites. Dr. Lorelei Norvell’s editorial review and Dr. Shaun

Pennycook’s nomenclature review are greatly appreciated.

Literature cited

Almeida DAC, Miller AN, Gusmao LFP. 2014. New species and combinations of conidial

fungi from the semi-arid Caatinga biome of Brazil. Nova Hedwigia 98: 431-447.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0029-5035/2013/0162

Bhat DJ, Kendrick WB. 1993. Twenty-five new conidial fungi from the Western Ghats and the

Adaman Islands (India). Mycotaxon 49: 19-90.

Castaneda-Ruiz RE 2005. Metodologia en el estudio de los hongos anamorfos. 182-183, in: Anais

do V Congresso Latino Americano de Micologia. Brasilia.

Gamundi IJ, Arambarri AM, Giaiotti AL. 1977. Microflora de la hojarasca de Nothofagus dombeyi.

Darwiniana 21: 81-114.

Granados M, Castafieda-Ruiz RF, Castro O, Minter DW, Kendrick 2014. Microfungi from

Costa Rica. A new species and a new combination in Codinaea. Mycotaxon 127: 115-120.

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/127.115

Hughes SJ, Kendrick WB. 1968. New Zealand fungi 12. Menispora, Codinaea, Menisporopsis. New

Zealand Journal of Botany 6: 323-337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/002825X.1968. 10428818

Index Fungorum. 2012. http://www.indexfungorum.org/Names/Names.asp. Accession date:

2015-XI-20.

Kuthubutheen AJ, Nawawi A. 1991. Three new species of Dictyochaeta with non-setose

conidiophores and non-septate setulate conidia from Malaysia. Mycological Research 95:

104-107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0953-7562(09)81366-X

Li DW, Kendrick B, Chen JY. 2012. Two new hyphomycetes: Codinaea sinensis sp. nov. and

Parapleurotheciopsis quercicola sp. nov., and two new records from Quercus phillyraeoides leaf

litter. Mycological Progress 11: 899-905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11557-011-0805-7

Maire R. 1937. Fungi Catalaunici: Series altera. Contributions 4 létude de la flore mycologique de

la Catalogne. Publicaciones del Instituto Botanico, Barcelona 3. 128 p.

Oliveira MS, Malosso E, Castafieda-Ruiz RF, 2015. A new species and a new combination in

Codinaea from Brazil. Mycotaxon 130: 1045-1049. http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/130.1045

Réblova M, Winka K. 2000. Phylogeny of Chaetosphaeria and its anamorphs based on morphological

and molecular data. Mycologia 92: 939-954. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3761589

Seifert K, Morgan-Jones G, Gams W, Kendrick B. 2011. The genera of hyphomycetes. CBS

Biodiversity Series 9. 997 p.

Spegazzini C. 1923. Algunos hongos de Tierra del Fuego. Physis 7: 7-23.

Whitton SR, McKenzie EHC, Hyde KD. 2000. Dictyochaeta and Dictyochaetopsis species from the

Pandanaceae. Fungal Diversity 4: 133-158.

Xia JW, Ma YR, Gao JM, Li Z, Zhang XG. 2015. Codinaea jianfenglingensis sp. nov. and new records

from southern China. Mycotaxon 130(3): 835-841. http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/130.835

MY COTAXON

April-June 2016— Volume 131, pp. 429-433

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/131.429

Stachybotryna longispiralis sp. nov.

from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

PHELIPE M.O. Costa’, MARCELA A. BARBOSA’, MARINA A.G. ARAUJO’,

ELAINE MALOSSO! & RAFAEL E CASTANEDA-RUIZ?3

‘Centro de Biociéncias, Departamento de Micologia &

*Programa de Pés-Graduacdo em Biologia de Fungos,

Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida da Engenharia,

s/n Cidade Universitaria, Recife, PE, 50.740-600, Brazil

*Instituto de Investigaciones Fundamentales en Agricultura Tropical Alejandro de Humboldt’

(INIFAT), Académico Titular de la Academia de Ciencias de Cuba,

Calle 1 Esq. 2, Santiago de Las Vegas, C. Habana, Cuba, C.P. 17200

*CORRESPONDENCE TO: elaine.malosso@ufpe. br

Asstract — Stachybotryna longispiralis, collected on decaying leaves of an unidentified

plant, is described and illustrated as a new species characterized by long spirally twisted

hyaline setae and monophialidic discrete conidiogenous cells that produce subcylindrical

unicellular hyaline conidia. A key to Stachybotryna species is provided.

Key worps — conidial fungi, asexual fungi, systematics

Introduction

Stachybotryna was introduced by Tubaki & Yokoyama (1971) with

S. columaris as type species and is characterized by distinct, single, erect,

septate, penicillate branched toward the apex, hyaline conidiophores and

monophialidic, discrete, determinate conidiogenous cells that produce seriate,

cylindrical, fusiform, clavate to ellipsoidal, unicellular, subhyaline or hyaline

conidia. Stachybotryna resembles Stachybotrys Corda in conidial ontogeny and

arrangement of the conidiogenous cells in forming a penicillate cluster at the

conidiophore tips, but the difference between them is the presence of setae and

colorless conidia in Stachybotryna (Heredia et al. 2012, Seifert et al. 2011).

During a mycological survey of microfungi associated with leaf litter in a

Brazilian Atlantic forest, a conspicuous fungus was collected, described here as

a new Stachybotryna species.

430 ... Costa & al.

Materials & methods

Individual collections were placed in plastic bags, taken to the laboratory, and

treated according to Castafeda (2005). Mounts were prepared in polyvinyl alcohol-

glycerol (8 g PVA in 100 ml of water, plus 5 ml of glycerol) and in lactic acid (90%),

and measurements were made at a magnification of x1000 under a Nikon Eclipse Ni-U

microscope with bright field optics, and photomicrographs were obtained using DIC

optics with a Nikon DS-Fi2 camera. The holotype was deposited in the Herbarium of

Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil (URM).

Taxonomy

Stachybotryna longispiralis P.M.O. Costa, Malosso & R.F. Castafieda, sp. nov. Fics 1, 2

INDEXFUNGORUM IF 551861

Differs from all other Stachybotryna species by its long spirally twisted setae and its

subcylindrical conidia that are corniform at the base.

Type Brazil, Pernambuco, Bonito, RPPN Mata da Chuva, 8°30’S 35°42’W, on decaying

leaves of an unidentified plant, 7.X1.2015, coll. PM.O. Costa (Holotype, URM 88251).

Erymo oey: Latin, longispiralis, refers to the long spirally twisted setae.

CoLonigs on the natural substratum densely coiled hirsute, mucous at the

middle, amphigenous, white. Mycelium superficial and immersed, composed

of septate, branched, hyaline, smooth-walled hyphae, 3-4 um diam. SETAE

cylindrical below, long spirally twisted toward the apex, septate, hyaline,

smooth, 150-380 um long, 5-7 um wide near the base. CONIDIOPHORES distinct,

grouped near the setae, erect, straight or flexuous, cylindrical, penicillate

branched above, 1-3-septate, hyaline, smooth, 30-40 x 7-10 um, smooth.

CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS monophialidic, amygdaliform to inequilaterally

lageniform, terminal, discrete, determinate, hyaline, 5-8 x 2-3 um. CONIDIA

seriate, acrogenous, subcylindrical to subfusiform, corniform at the base,

obtuse or slightly rounded at the apex, unicellular, hyaline, smooth, 6-9 x 1-2

um, forming white, mucous masses.

Notes: In addition to Stachybotryna columaris (Tubaki & Yokoyama 1971),

four other species have previously been described: S. splendida (Castaneda-

Ruiz 1987), S. hachijoensis (Watanabe 1990) S. excentrica (Calduch et al. 2002),

and S. variegata (Heredia et al. 2012). Only S. columaris superficially resembles

S. longispiralis in conidial shape, but it can be distinguished by its straight or

slightly curved setae (each with a long apical cell swollen at the base and a

lanceolate, acute apex) and its longer (14-18 x 1.5-2 um), cylindrical or club-

shaped conidia that are slightly flattened at the base (Tubaki & Yokoyama 1971).

Fic. 1. Stachybotryna longispiralis (ex holotype URM _ 88251). A-D. Setae.

E, EF Colonies on the natural substrate.

431

Stachybotryna longispiralis sp. nov. (Brazil) ...

432 ... Costa & al.

Fic. 2. Stachybotryna longispiralis (ex holotype URM 88251). A. Conidia. B, C. Conidiophores,

conidiogenous cells, and conidia on the natural substrate.

Key to Stachybotryna species

1. Setae spirally twisted; conidia subcylindrical to subfusiform,

corniform:at the Dasero—9 X12. pith. Rae tienda hpi t os S. longispiralis

GEAG TIOE AS ADOV Gran ce 0S Sonce. 8.5 Ronse. tse Monee tus Whveehy og Ahruehgeg Wawel G AAnle Ray Winco hy Ate eet Nace 2

2. Setae sometimes or always lanceolate toward the apex................ eee ee ee 3

Setue never lanceolatestoward-the apex... 2 ie cy pee ten Rie Ree ep 4

3. Setae with apical cell swollen at the base, lanceolate-acute at the apex; conidia

cylindrical or club-shaped, flattened at the base, 14-18 x 1.5-2 um.... S. columaris

Setae lanceolate or clavate at the apex; conidia clavate, ovoid or pyriform,

125 AZY DEST MUIY tits. abl sr. bred ath bra arts breath brows ate S. hachijoensis

Stachybotryna longispiralis sp. nov. (Brazil) ... 433

4. Setae entirely colorless, subcylindrical, obtuse at the apex; conidia ellipsoidal to

amygdaliform or slightly allantoid, 3.5-5.5 x 1.5-2 um .......... S. excentrica

Sefae-somewhat.pigivented below MA ee eis oi et, cad ad ok ek 5

5. Setae cylindrical, globose or inflated at the apex; conidia ellipsoidal to

ovoid or broadly fusiform, guttulate, 8-10 x 3-4um ............. S. splendida

Setae cylindrical, obtuse or rounded at the apex; conidia ellipsoidal to

broadly fusitormyl4—18 % 5-Gpiny vie vw Le ed Jae ae Soe. S. variegata

Acknowledgments

The authors express their sincere gratitude to Dr. Xiu-Guo Zhang and Dr. De-Wei Li

for their critical review of the manuscript. The authors are grateful to the ‘Coordenacao

de Aperfeigoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES)’ for financial support

through project 88881.062172/2014-01 and the ‘Programa Ciéncia sem Fronteiras.

RFCR is grateful to the Cuban Ministry of Agriculture and ‘Programa de Salud Animal

y Vegetal, project P131LH003033 for facilities. We acknowledge the facilities provided

by Dr. P.M. Kirk and Drs. V. Robert, G. Stegehuis and Arthur Decock through the Index

Fungorum and MycoBank websites. Dr. Lorelei Norvell’s editorial review and Dr. Shaun

Pennycook’s nomenclature review are greatly appreciated.

Literature cited

Calduch M, Gené J, Guarro J, Abdullah SK. 2002. Janetia obovata and Stachybotryna excentrica,

two new hyphomycetes from submerged plant material in Spain. Mycologia 94: :355-361.

http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3761812

Castafeda-Ruiz RF. 1987. Fungi cubenses II. Instituto de Investigaciones Fundamentales em

Agricultura Tropical “Alejandro de Humboldt’, C. Habana, 22 p.

Castaneda-Ruiz RE 2005. Metodologia en el estudio de los hongos anamorfos. 182-183, in: Anais

do V Congresso Latino Americano de Micologia. Brasilia.

Heredia G, Arias-Mota RM, Castafieda-Ruiz RF, Gamboa-Angulo M. 2012. New species of

Hughesinia and Stachybotryna and new records of anamorphic fungi from Yucatan Peninsula,

Mexico. Mycological Progress 11: 927-935. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11557-012-0808-z

Seifert K, Morgan-Jones G, Gams W, Kendrick B. 2011. The genera of hyphomycetes. CBS

Biodiversity Series 9. 997 p.

Tubaki K, Yokoyama T. 1971. Notes on the Japanese hyphomycetes V. Transactions of the

Mycological Society of Japan 12: 18-28.

Watanabe, T. 1990. Three new Nectria species from Japan. Transactions of the Mycological Society

of Japan. 31: 227-236.

MY COTAXON

April-June 2016— Volume 131, pp. 435-438

http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/131.435

Phaeodactylium cymbisporum sp. nov.

from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

PHELIPE M.O. Costa’, MARCELA A. BARBOSA’, MARINA A.G. ARAUJO’,

ELAINE MALOSSO! & RAFAEL E CASTANEDA-RUIZ?

‘Centro de Biociéncias, Departamento de Micologia &

*Programa de Pés-Graduacdo em Biologia de Fungos,

Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida da Engenharia,

s/n Cidade Universitaria, Recife, PE, 50.740-600, Brazil

°Instituto de Investigaciones Fundamentales en Agricultura Tropical Alejandro de Humboldt’

(INIFAT), Académico Titular de la Academia de Ciencias de Cuba,

Calle 1 Esq. 2, Santiago de Las Vegas, C. Habana, Cuba, C.P. 17200

*CORRESPONDENCE TO: elaine.malosso@ufpe. br

ABSTRACT — Phaeodactylium cymbisporum, collected on decaying leaves of an unidentified

plant, is described and illustrated. The new species is characterized by polyblastic, sympodial

extended conidiogenous cells that produce broad cymbiform, 3-septate, smooth, pale golden

brown conidia. A key to Phaeodactylium species is provided.

KEY worps — conidial fungi, asexual fungi, systematics

Introduction

The genus Phaeodactylium was introduced by Agnihothrudu (1968) with

P. venkatesanum as type species; subsequently, Ellis (1971) synonymised

P. venkatesanum under P. alpiniae |= Dactylium alpiniae (Sawada 1928)].

Phaeodactylium is distinguished by distinct, single, mostly dichotomous

branched conidiophores and polyblastic, denticulate, discrete, indeterminate

conidiogenous cells with several sympodial extensions that produce solitary,

acropleurogenous, clavate to narrowly ellipsoidal, euseptate, subhyaline or

hyaline conidia.

During a mycological survey of microfungi associated with leaf litter in a

Brazilian Atlantic forest, a conspicuous fungus was collected that is described

here as a new Phaeodactylium species.

436 ... Costa & al.

Materials & methods

Individual collections were placed in plastic bags, taken to the laboratory, and

treated according to Castafeda (2005). Mounts were prepared in polyvinyl alcohol-

glycerol (8 g PVA in 100 ml of water, plus 5 ml of glycerol) and in lactic acid (90%),

and measurements were made at a magnification of x1000 under a Nikon Eclipse Ni-U

microscope with bright field optics, and photomicrographs were obtained using DIC

optics with a Nikon DS-Fi2 camera. The holotype was deposited in the Herbarium of

Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil (URM).

Fig. 1. Phaeodactylium cymbisporum (ex holotype URM 88250).

A. Conidia. B, C. Conidiogenous cells and young conidia.

Phaeodactylium cymbisporum sp. nov. (Brazil) ... 437

Taxonomy

Phaeodactylium cymbisporum P.M.O. Costa , Malosso & R.F. Castafieda, sp. nov. Fic. 1

INDEXFUNGORUM IF 551860

Differs from all other Phaeodactylium species by its cymbiform, pale golden brown

conidia.

Type Brazil, Pernambuco, Bonito, RPPN Mata da Chuva, 8°30’S 35°42’W, on decaying

leaves of an unidentified plant, 7.X1.2015, coll. RM.O. Costa (Holotype, URM 88250).

Erymo oey: Latin, cymbisporum, refers to the cymbiform conidial shape.

CoLonies on the natural substrate, effuse, hairy, brown to dark brown.

Mycelium superficial and immersed, composed of septate, branched, brown,

smooth-walled hyphae, 2.5-4 um diam. ConrpiopHores distinct, erect,

straight or flexuous, cylindrical, dichotomously branched above, <15-septate,

dark brown below, pale brown toward the apex, 250-400 x 7-10 um, smooth.

CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS polyblastic, denticulate, terminal, in branches

incorporated, indeterminate with several sympodial extensions, brown to

pale brown, 14-22 x 3 um. Conidial secession schizolytic. Conrp1a solitary,

acropleurogenous, cymbiform, 3-septate, pale golden brown, smooth, dry,

24-29 x 4-6 um.

Notes: Among all Phaeodactylium species listed in Index Fungorum (2015)

and discussed by Castafieda-Ruiz et al. (2009, 2012), Seifert et al. (2011), and

Zhang et al. (2011), only P alpiniae (Sawada) M. B. Ellis and P. curvularioides

Matsush. are superficially similar to P. cymbisporum by producing 3-septate

conidia. However, these species are clearly differentiated from P cymbisporum:

the conidia of P. alpiniae are shorter and wider (16-25 x 6-9 um), ellipsoidal or

clavate, and colorless or subhyaline (Ellis 1971) while those of P. curvularioides

are shorter and wider (13-22 x 5-10 um) and ovoid (erroneously as “obovoid”;

Matsushima 1980) with brown central cells and pale brown or subhyaline end

cells (Matsushima 1980).

Key to Phaeodactylium species

1, SeWonidm smiooth=walledy.’. bs.5 + Snel Sng Uns O94 ah XE ns Sy Diyeine lan wale ee xe ele 2

Conidia verruculose, obovoid, 1-2-septate, 14-23 x 4-6 um,

SUT VANES as a -olgs oe oro sh ates eral a We orgcl a oe deat ajay: brandya ty adja bs bre eau: bo etea P. stadleri*

PN gy POUIGTA SEP CAG? a5 Masts gaits si ead d cs pata ces Sat dee a dee Ded dee pees nous DS em 3

GP BMID TAS Sete 8 conan c = reecane > hae op ras mee oo ghae oma ene Bua Rep wat atte eat ae e “:

3. Conidia clavate, fusiform or narrowly ellipsoid, 10-14 x 2-3 um, with brown

central cell and pale brown or subhyaline end cells ............. P. biseptatum*

Conidia narrowly ellipsoidal to clavate, 15-20.5 x 5-7.5 um, pale brown to

DEQ WAN eRe ohn A Pre N AS Ten, AM BR Thy ee yn Mele ce MT os PER TG, P. cephalotaxi*

438 ... Costa & al.

4. Conidia cymbiform, 24-29 x 4-6 um, pale golden brown ........ P. cymbisporum

COnidianotcyMbUTOLM, ras swiss ages eagle nate eek eagle bate oN Vee tk Bea 5

5. Conidia narrowly ellipsoidal or clavate, 16-25 x 6-9 um,

eclogless omsubhyalinemyr mle eels Mahyrattea tars fea hurley teeta Mets P. alpiniae*

Conidia ovoid [not obovoid], 13-22 x 5-10 um, with brown central cells

and pale brown or subhyaline end cells .................... P. curvularioides*

* Castaneda-Ruiz et al. (2009, 2012); Ellis (1971); Matsushima (1980); Zhang et al. (2011).