IV ... MYCOTAXON 132(4)

MYCOTAXON

VOLUME ONE HUNDRED THIRTY-TWO (4) — TABLE OF CONTENTS

132-4: TABLE OF CONTENTS, NOMENCLATURAL UPDATES, PEERS, EDITORIAL

Nomenclatural novelties & typifications ........ 00. c eee eee vii

PREV ICWALS nc cc EOS to cae Sar oto. wee et vate es Re Ae hettele «gates ix

ERPACE UL PPOVIOUS ASUS. SE Ae an at Ls ae ee hy eh ae hd ee ee x

PROVDEEEAIEOV: 30.4 usariga cre tee iscrinh ence tte nry: ey E ty Aas CBO Th aoe cd ecarern gg 8 a xi

ZOES AU UPAISSIOMPKO CCAS ng Sse tis, auiklace be ayd chi ine Pach iechtace title SY xiii

RESEARCH ARTICLES

Russula vinosoflavescens sp. nov.,

from deciduous forests of Northern Alsace, France

JEAN MICHEL TRENDEL, FELIX HAMPE & ANNEMIEKE VERBEKEN 707

Triadelphia acericola and T: centroseptata spp. nov.,

and a synopsis of the genus DeE-WE! LI & JIAN-REN YE 723

Glischroderma Fuckel Greécorre L. HENNEBERT 745

Ellismarsporium gen. nov. and Stanhughesiella gen. nov. to

accommodate atypical Helminthosporium and Corynesporella species

RAFAEL FE, CASTANEDA-Ru1IZ, DE-WEI LI, XIU-GUO ZHANG, BRYCE KENDRICK,

BEATRIZ RAMOS-GARCIA, SIMON PEREZ-MARTINEZ & DAYNET Sosa 759

Endophragmiella jiulingensis sp. nov.

and two new records from southern China Hao-Hva Lt, Kai ZHANG,

CHUN-LING YANG, JI-WEN XIA & XIU-GUO ZHANG 767

Pseudocercospora lysidices sp. nov. on Lysidice rhodostegia

from China FENGYAN ZHAI, YINGLAN Guo, YINGJIE Liu & HONGLIAN Li 773

Bactrodesmiastrum domesticum sp. nov. and

Conioscypha varia from indoor environments

DE-WEI LI, CHIN S. YANG & ARIUNAA JALSRAI 779

Russula brunneovinacea sp. nov.,

from northeastern China Xu-MENG JIANG, YANG-Kun L1,

JUN-FENG LIANG & JIAN-RONG Wu 789

Amanita pallidorosea in Pakistan and

its ectomycorrhizal association with Quercus oblongata

MUNAZZA KIRAN, JUNAID KHAN, AROO] NASEER,

HASSAN SHER & ABDUL NasiIR KHALID 799

Ellisembia pseudokaradkensis sp. nov.

from Hainan, China Min Qiao, XING Du,

ZHAO-HuI BIAN, JIE PENG & ZE-FEN YU 813

OCTOBER-DECEMBER 2017... V

Colpoma guadueticola sp. nov. in a guadual forest

from Quindio Department, Colombia TANIA RAYMUNDO,

RICARDO SOTO-AGUDELO & RICARDO VALENZUELA 819

Baeomyces lotiformis sp. nov. from China

SHUNAN CAO, JIANFENG HE, FANG ZHANG, HUIMIN TIAN,

CHUANPENG Liv, HAIYING WANG & QIMING ZHOU 831

Lirula sichuanensis sp. nov. on Picea likiangensis var. rubescens

from Sichuan, China

CuHuUN-LIN YANG, XIU-LAN Xu, ZHENG-GAO ZHANG & YING-GAO Liu 839

Hypoderma rubi on two new hosts in Slovakia

MARTIN PasTIRCAK & KATARINA PASTIRCAKOVA 849

New reports of Myriospora (Acarosporaceae) from Europe

KERRY KNUDSEN, JANA KOCOURKOVA & ULF SCHIEFELBEIN 857

Perenniporia puerensis sp. nov. from southern China Wet-Li Liv,

TaI-MIN Xu, SHAN SHEN, XIANG-Fu Liu, YANG SUN & CHANG-LIN ZHAO 867

Sporidesmiopsis lushanensis sp. nov. from Lushan Mountain, China

X1A0-MEI WANG, ZI-JIAN ZHAO, SHAN-SHAN CHEN,

X1A0-MaAN Li, Hao-Hua LI, X1u-Guo ZHANG & JI-WEN X1A 875

Repetophragma elegans sp. nov. from Hainan Province, China

X1AO-MEI WANG, SHAN-SHAN CHEN, XIAO-MAN LIv,

ZI-JIAN ZHAO, Hao-Hua LI, X1u-GUO ZHANG & JI-WEN XIA 881

A contribution to the study of Helotiales and Rhytismatales in Turkey

MAKBULE ERDOGDU, GOKHAN DoGaN, EL$AD HUSEYIN & ZEKIYE SULUDERE 885

Huneckia pollinii and Flavoplaca oasis newly recorded from China

CoNG-ConG MIA, XIANG- XIANG ZHAO,

ZUN-TIAN ZHAO, HURNISA SHAHIDIN & Lu-Lu ZHANG 895

Paliphora bicolorata sp. nov. from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

ELAINE MALosso, PHELIPE M.O. Costa,

MarcE La A. BARBOSA, GABRIELA V.R. Da SILVA & RAFAEL E. CAsSTANEDA-Ru1z 903

Inocybe shawarensis sp. nov. in the Inosperma clade from Pakistan

A. NASEER, A.N. KHALID & MATTHEW E. Smi1TH 909

Phaeomonilia aquatica sp. nov.,

an aquatic hyphomycete from China Jun-EN Huana, Hat-Yan Sona,

X1-GEN HUANG, JIAN Ma & DiAn-Minc Hu 919

Minimelanolocus atlanticus sp. nov. and M. navicularis

from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest | PHELIpE M.O. Costa, ELAINE MALosso,

MarceELa A. BARBOSA, WANDERSON L. TAVARES & RAFAEL FE. CASTANEDA-RuIz 925

New records of Amanita

from Tehuacan-Cuicatlan Biosphere Reserve, Mexico

EVANGELINA PEREZ-SILVA & ABRAHAM J. MEDINA-ORTIiz 933

vi ... MYCOTAXON 132(4)

Thelephora iqbalii sp. nov.

from the Himalayan moist temperate forests of Pakistan

ABDUL NASIR KHALID & MUHAMMAD HaAnlir 943

Three new combinations in Drepanopeziza

for species on poplar Amy Y. RossMAN, W. CAvVAN ALLEN,

Lisa A. CASTLEBURY & GERARD VERKLEY 951

Key to the lichen families Pyrenulaceae and Trypetheliaceae

in Vietnam, with eight new records

SANTOSH JOSHI, D.K. UPRETI & JAE-SEOUN Hur 957

Acumispora delicata sp. nov.

from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

PHELIPE M.O. Costa, MARCELA A. BARBOSA, WANDERSON L. TAVARES,

DAYNET SOSA, SIMON PEREZ-MARTINEZ, RAFAEL FE. CASTANEDA-RUIZ

& ELAINE MALosso 971

Anisogenispora insignissima gen. & sp. nov.

from the Brazilian semi-arid region = SHEILA MIRANDA LEAO-FERREIRA,

Luis FERNANDO PASCHOLATI GUSMAO & RAFAEL F. CASTANEDA-RUIZ 977

REGIONAL MYCOBIOTAS NEW TO THE MYCOTAXON WEBSITE 985

Diversity of wood-inhabiting aphyllophoraceous basidiomycetes

on the island of Cyprus MICHAEL LOIZzIDES

Checklist of saprobic asexual microfungi from the

tropical montane cloud forest of Veracruz, México

Rosa Maria ARIAS, GABRIELA HEREDIA & RAFAEL F. CASTANEDA-RUIZ

BOOK REVIEWS AND NOTICES LORELEI NORVELL & ELSE VELLINGA (zps.) 987

AGARICUS OF NORTH AMERICA

(Richard W. Kerrigan; 2016)

HEBELOMA (FR.) P. KUMM.

(H.J. Beker, U. Eberhardt & J. Vesterholtt; 2016)

LICHENS OF MEXICO: THE PARMELIACEAE

(Maria Herrera-Campos, Rosa Emilia Pérez-Pérez, Thomas H. Nash II], eds.; 2016)

PUBLICATION DATE FOR VOLUME ONE HUNDRED THIRTY-TWO (3)

MYCOTAXON for JULY-SEPTEMBER 2017, (I-xIv + 471-706)

was issued on October 2, 2017

OCTOBER-DECEMBER 2017...

NOMENCLATURAL NOVELTIES AND TYPIFICATIONS

PROPOSED IN MYCOTAXON 132(4)

Acumispora delicata P.M.O. Costa, Malosso & R.E Castaneda

[IF 554059], p. 972

Anisogenispora S.M. Leao, Gusmao & R.F. Castaneda

[IF 552545], p. 978

Anisogenispora insignissima S.M. Leao, Gusmao & R.F. Castafeda

[IF 552546], p. 978

Bactrodesmiastrum domesticum D.W. Li & Chin S. Yang

[MB 820855], p. 780

Baeomyces lotiformis S.N. Cao

[MB 819009], p. 834

Colpoma guadueticola Raymundo, Soto-Agudelo & R. Valenz.

[MB 820664], p. 822

Drepanopeziza brunnea (Ellis & Everh.) Rossman & W.C. Allen

[MB 822026] (lectotypified), p. 952

Drepanopeziza castagnei (Desm. & Mont.) Rossman & W.C. Allen

[MB 822027] (lectotypified), p. 953

Drepanopeziza populi (Lib.) Rossman & W.C. Allen

[MB 822028] (lectotypified), p. 954

Ellisembia pseudokaradkensis M. Qiao & Z.E. Yu

[MB 820988], p. 814

Ellismarsporium R.F. Castahtleda & X.G. Zhang

[MB 807603], p. 760

Ellismarsporium catenatum (Matsush.) R.F. Castafieda & X.G. Zhang

[MB 807605], p. 763

Ellismarsporium hypselodelphyos (M.B. Ellis) R.E Castaheda & X.G. Zhang

[MB 807604], p. 763

Ellismarsporium parvum R.F. Castaneda & W. B. Kendr.

[MB 807606], p. 763

= Helminthosporium parvum R.F. Castaneda & W.B. Kendr.,

nom. illeg. (non Grove 1886)

Ellismarsporium pinarense (R.F. Castaneda) R.E. Castaneda & X.G. Zhang

[MB 807607], p. 763

Ellismarsporium senseletii (Bhat & B. Sutton) R.E Castafeda & X.G. Zhang

[MB 807608], p. 763

Ellismarsporium simpliphorum (Matsush.) R.F. Castafieda & X.G. Zhang

[MB 807609], p. 763

Ellismarsporium zombaense (B. Sutton) R.F. Castafeda & X.G. Zhang

[MB 807610], p. 763

VII

vill ... MYCOTAXON 132(4)

Endophragmiella jiulingensis H.H. Li & X.G. Zhang

[MB 823127], p. 769

Inocybe shawarensis Naseer & Khalid

[MB 820130], p. 912

Lirula sichuanensis X.L. Xu, C.L. Yang & Y.G. Liu

[MB 819592], p. 841

Minimelanolocus atlanticus P.M.O. Costa, Malosso & R.F. Castaneda

[IF 554056], p. 926

Paliphora bicolorata Malosso, P.M.O. Costa, & R.FE. Castaneda

[MB 823671], p. 904

Perenniporia puerensis C.L. Zhao

[MB 823635], p. 868

Phaeomonilia aquatica J.E. Huang, H.Y. Song, Jian Ma & D.M. Hu

[MB 821142], p. 920

Pseudocercospora lysidices Y.L. Guo & F.-Y. Zhai

[MB 819544], p. 776

Repetophragma elegans J.W. Xia & X.G. Zhang

[MB 821043], p. 883

Russula brunneovinacea X.M. Jiang, Yang K. Li & J.F. Liang

[MB 819154], p. 791

Russula vinosoflavescens Trendel & F. Hampe

[MB 819428], p. 711

Sporidesmiopsis lushanensis J.W. Xia & X.G. Zhang

[MB 823681], p. 876

Stanhughesiella R.F. Castaieda & D.W. Li

[MB 807614], p. 764

Stanhughesiella dictyoseptata (S. Hughes) R.F. Castaneda & D.W. Li

[MB 807615], p. 764

Thelephora iqbalii Khalid & Hanif

[MB 800830], p. 945

Triadelphia acericola D.W. Li

[MB 813008], p. 725

Triadelphia archontophoenicicola D.W. Li

[MB 813055], p. 728

= Triadelphia australiensis Joanne E. Taylor, K.D. Hyde & E.B.G. Jones

2003 nom. illeg. non B. Sutton 1989)

Triadelphia centroseptata Venkateshw., S.M. Reddy & S.R. Reddy ex D.W. Li

[MB 823119], p. 731

= Triadelphia centroseptata Venkateshw., S.M. Reddy & S.R. Reddy,

1997 [“1996”], nom. inval.

OCTOBER-DECEMBER 2017...

REVIEWERS — VOLUME ONE HUNDRED THIRTY-TWO (4)

The Editors express their appreciation to the following individuals who have,

prior to acceptance for publication, reviewed one or more of the papers

prepared for this quarter.

Najam ul Sehar Afshan

André Aptroot

Juliano M. Baltazar

Annarosa Bernicchia

Uwe Braun

Rafael F. Castahieda —Ruiz

Bao-Kai Cui

Gregorio Delgado

Ursula Eberhardt

Martin Esqueda

Mark L. Gleason

Shouyu Guo

Luis Fernando Pascholati Gusmao

Rosanne Healy

Gabriela Heredia Abarca

Kathie T. Hodge

Sana Jabeen

Peter R. Johnston

Jason Karakehian

Geoffrey Kibby

Sevda Kirbag

S. Kondratyuk

James C. Lendemer

De-Wei Li

Yan-Chun Li

Ying-Ren Lin

Robert Lticking

Jian Ma

P. Brandon Matheny

John W. McCarthy

Eric H.C. McKenzie

David W. Minter

Josiane S. Monteiro

Gabriel Moreno

Abdul Rehman Niazi

Lorelei L. Norvell

Shaun R. Pennycook

Sergio Pérez Gorjon

Elias Polemis

Hyeon-Dong Shin

H.J.M. Sipman

Jeffrey Stone

Else C. Vellinga

Andrew W. Wilson

Eugene Yurchenko

Huang Zhang

Xiu-Guo Zhang

Huan-Di Zheng

X ... MYCOTAXON 132(4)

ERRATA FROM PREVIOUS VOLUMES

VOLUME 122

pp. 449-460 For: Arthrinium rasikravindrii or A. rasikravindrii

READ: Arthrinium rasikravindrae or A. rasikravindrae

The paper “Arthrinium rasikravindrii [sic] sp. nov. from Svalbard, Norway” by Singh et al.

proposed a new species honoring Dr. Rasik Ravindra. Although the director of the National

Centre for Antarctic & Ocean Research and leader of the first Indian Arctic Expedition is

a man (as indicated by the masculine genitive ending -ii on the published species epithet),

the INTERNATIONAL CODE OF NOMENCLATURE FOR ALGAE, FUNGI, AND PLANTS requires the

feminine genitive ending —ae for any name ending in ~a, regardless of the gender of the person

(Rec. 60C.1(a)).

The misspelled species epithet should be corrected to ‘rasikravindrae’ throughout. The

misspelling appears on p. 449 lines 5, 13, 19; in running titles on pp. 451, 453, 455, 457, 459; on

p. 451 line 5; p. 452 line 13; p. 453 Fie. 1 legend, line 1; p. 454 lines 31, 33, 36 and Fia. 2 legend,

line 2; p. 456, Phylotree (Fic. 3): top 7 branches; Fie. 3 legend, line 2; primary text line 5; p. 457

Phylotree (Fic. 4): branches 22-28; p. 458 lines 2, 7, 9, 10, 12, 14, 17 & 18.

VOLUME 132(3)

p. 589 line 3 App: Mycoraxon, Ltd. is thanked for underwriting the publication costs

for this manuscript.

Back cover, line 1

FOR: Cephalotrichum tuffiforme READ: Cephalotrichum turriforme

OCTOBER-DECEMBER 2017 ... XI

FROM THE EDITOR-IN-CHIEF

MATERIALS & METHODS— REMOVING THE TEDIUM. Mycologists and other scientists are

usually introduced to materials and methods while writing lab reports, dissertations,

or grant applications—situations in which devotion to minute detail is encouraged

or where a budget must be calculated. When publishing short papers, however, the

‘Me&w’ section is best kept brisk, pertinent, and succinct. Only procedures producing

results should be included. Although researchers may have spent many, many

exasperating hours extracting, amplifying, and sequencing DNA, no one wishes to

read about the process unless phylogenetic results appear later in the paper.

Likewise, if the procedures followed are the same found in a previous publication,

do not invent text or copy from the older paper; simply insert a text reference, such

as “ITS rDNA was extracted and amplified according to White & al. (1990).” Once.

Extra (brief) detail is needed only when the referenced protocol has been modified.

Easy worldwide access to today’s Internet means that Mycotaxon readers are no longer

heart-warmed by recitation of company, city, country from which a particular piece lab

equipment was acquired. Authors are encouraged to place Brand and Model number

(no ® symbol required!) before the equipment. Thus, microscopical measurements

should be taken using NOT “..a compound light microscope (Leica®, Model DM RB,

Leica Microsystems (Danaher), Wetzlar, Germany) loaded with Nomarski optics...” but

simply “...a Leica DM RB compound microscope with DIC optics.”

And please, people! In this day of chemical, cultural, molecular, and population

analyses, there is no longer a need to encompass “morphological” and “anatomical”

using the needlessly long term: “morpho-anatomical.”. “Morphology” which covers

both anatomy as well as features visible to the naked eye, may be used all by itself!

[Species circumscribed relying only on anatomical characters are still understood to be

based on a ‘morphological species’ concept.]

DIAMETER VS. WIDTH—We know. It is extremely tempting to refer to the short

dimension of a hypha measured with 1000x-power as a ‘width (which contrasts with

the long dimension, the ‘length’). Unfortunately using ‘width’ for diameter conveys

the impression that the object measured is two-dimensional. It isn’t—it is three-

dimensional, and what you have measured is the diameter. Rather than write out ‘in

diameter’ in your technical descriptions and keys, try placing diam. (or even diam

without the full stop) after the unit (e.g.: “23 um diam” or “23 um diam.”). MycoTAxoNn

accepts both styles but does request consistency! This has the added bonus of reminding

readers that what we see through a microscope lens only sEEMs to exist in one plane.

MYCOTAXON 132(4) presents 31 research papers by 132 authors representing 18

countries and revised by 48 expert reviewers, adds two new mycobiotas to its

website, and reviews three excellent books published in late 2016.

XII ... MYCOTAXON 132(4)

Within its pages are THREE new genera (Anisogenispora, Ellismarsporium,

Stanhughesiella) and 22 species new to science representing Acumispora, Anisogenispora,

Minimelanolocus, and Paliphora from Brazil; Bactrodesmiastrum and Triadelphia

from the United States; Baeomyces, Ellisembia, Endophragmiella, Lirula, Perenniporia,

Phaeomonilia, Pseudocercospora, Repetophragma, Russula, and Sporidesmiopsis from

China; Colpoma from Colombia; Inocybe and Thelephora from Pakistan; and Russula

from France.

We also offer 12 new combinations or replacement names in Drepanopeziza,

Ellismarsporium, Stanhughesiella, and Triadelphia and keys to species in Acumispora,

Ellismarsporium, Phaeomonilia, Pyrenulaceae & Trypetheliaceae in Vietnam,

Sporidesmiopsis, and Triadelphia.

Range extensions and/or new hosts for previously named taxa are cited for Myriospora

in the Czech Republic & Italy; Helotiales & Rhytismatales in Turkey; Huneckia &

Flavoplaca in China; and Amanita in Mexico’s Tehuacan-Cuicatlan Biosphere Reserve.

Phylogenetic support and the ectomycorrhizal association with Quercus are confirmed

for Amanita pallidorosea in Pakistan while Hypoderma rubi is shown on two new hosts

in Slovakia.

Finally, in his clarification of Glischroderma, Mycotaxon co-founder Hennebert

untangles a long-standing confusion within Glischroderma-Pachyphlodes-Ostraderma

in honor of his former collegue and fellow co-founder, Dick Korf.

Warm regards,

Lorelei L. Norvell (Editor-in-Chief)

10 January 2018

OCTOBER-—DECEMBER 2017... XIII

2018 MYCOTAXON SUBMISSION PROCEDURE

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Mycotaxon publishes four quarterly issues per year. Both open access and

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MY COTAXON

October-December 2017— Volume 132, pp. 707-721

https://doi.org/10.5248/132.707

Russula vinosoflavescens sp. nov.,

from deciduous forests of Northern Alsace, France

JEAN MICHEL TRENDEL’, FELIX HAMPE? & ANNEMIEKE VERBEKEN*

"7 rue des Coquilles, 67500 Haguenau, France

? Department of Biology, Ghent University,

K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium

CORRESPONDENCE TO: *mieke. verbeken@ugent.be 'jmtrendel@free.fr *felix.hampe@email.de

ABSTRACT—Based on morphological, molecular, and ecological data, a new species of

Russula sect. Russula, found on several occasions under deciduous trees in Northern Alsace

is described and illustrated as: Russula vinosoflavescens, belonging to R. subsect. Sardoninae.

Key worps—Basidiomycota, Russulaceae, ITS, Russula persicina, phylogeny

Introduction

Russula Pers. (Russulales, Basidiomycota) is an ectomycorrhizal genus with

a world-wide distribution that is particularly well studied in temperate regions,

notably in Europe (Romagnesi 1967; Sarnari 1998, 2005). The ectomycorrhizal

associations, which often involve a selective fungus-plant partnership, were

sometimes advantageously used to delimit infrageneric taxa. Such has been

the case for R. subsect. Sardoninae Singer (Sarnari 1998, emend.), which is

divided into series—provisionally defined by Sarnari (1998)—comprising, on

one hand, species strictly associated with conifers (R. ser. Sardonia and R. ser.

Sanguinea, both essentially corresponding to R. subsect. Sardoninae as

conceived by Romagnesi 1967, 1987) and, on the other hand, species associated

with deciduous trees, sometimes in a host-specific relationship (R. ser.

Exalbicans = R. subsect. Exalbicantinae Singer as retained by Romagnesi, with

species found only under birches) and sometimes with a broader host-range

(R. ser. Persicina = R. subsect. Persicinae Romagn., species that can be found

under oaks, hornbeams, beeches, birches, chestnuts, poplars, willows).

708 ... Trendel, Hampe & Verbeken

TABLE 1. Russula, Gymnomyces, and uncultured specimens with GenBank

and UNITE sequence accession numbers used in the molecular analyses.

SPECIES

G. gilkeyae

G. monosporus

root sample (uncultured)

R. americana

R. aquosa

R. atrorubens

R. bresadolae

(“R. atropurpurea”)

R. cavipes

Russula cf. “ammodica”

R. citrinochlora

R. consobrina

R. depallens

R. emetica

R. exalbicans

R. fageticola (“R. mairei”)

R. fageticola (“R. nobilis”)

R. fellea

R. fragilis

R. gracillima

R. luteotacta

R. ochroleuca

R. persicina

R. pumila

R. queletii

SPECIMEN

JT 2572

OSC 117360

F 18871

TU 101831

TU 101708

TU 101691

TU 101851

HUE 178

PRM 858109

RT 9149

HUE 163

F 18874

TU 101905

20024

TU 118108

TU 106965

TU 101829

TU 101838

F 14309

DG 18

DG 44

2-11171S76

FH 12262

HUE 054

HUE 218

HUE 177

UE 2006-11-08-22

UE 2004-20-09-04

TU 101725

TU 106437

TU 106379

FH 12-187

TU 118113

LW 115

TU 101826

TU 106950

F 133

L 3X87

FH 12-237

RT 5140

COUNTRY

USA

Estonia

Germany

Czech Republic

Italy

Germany

USA

Norway

Sweden

Estonia

United Kingdom

Germany

Italy

Sweden

Estonia

Germany

Estonia

Germany

Estonia

Finland

Germany

Italy

SEQUENCE

AY239346

EU669222

JQ890299

JN197654

EF434062

GU997950

GU997948

HQ604839

UDB015988

UDB011290

UDBO011358

UDB016006

UDB000313

HG423574

JF908681

AF418623

HQ604840

UDB016045

UDB002550

UDBO011223

UDBO011207

UDB015986

UDB015994

AY228360

JQ888196

UDB001628

AY061674

KT934013

UDB000346

UDB000345

UDB000314

UDB018436

UDB018434

UDBO011361

UDBO011176

UDBO011166

KT933991

UDBO011228

UDB000295

UDB015984

UDBO011196

UDB009582

FM993279

KT934007

JF908668

Russula vinosoflavescens sp. nov. (France) ... 709

R. renidens TU 101809 Estonia UDB015975

JR1758F™ Finland UDBO011117

R. rhodomelanea FH 2011-BT307 Germany UDB018429

IB 92/451 #7 Italy UDB018435

R. sanguinea TU 106710 Estonia UDB019728

FH 12240 Germany KT934008

R. sardonia TU 106951 Estonia UDBO011197

FH 12215 Germany KT933999

R. silvestris JK 11080504 Sweden UDBO018431

JK 11080802 Sweden UDB018430

R. thindii™™ BSHC KD11-095 India KM386693

R. torulosa TU 106444 Estonia UDBO011177

TU 101626 Italy UDB016261

R. vinosoflavescens JMT 05081006 France UDB031189

JMT 08081512 France UDB031188

JMT 14090502 # France UDB031187

JMT 05081007 France UDB031190

JMT 10080701 France UDB024104

JMT 13090715 France UDB024105

Outgroup

R. puellula (“R. puellaris”) MC 01-502 Denmark UDB000010

R. cuprea FH 12250 Germany KT934010

R. olivobrunnea TU 101883 Finland UDB016034

HT holotype; ™ isotype.

The aim of this paper is to introduce a new Russula species occurring in

deciduous forests of Northern Alsace (NE France) and belonging to R. subsect.

Sardoninae. Our initial morphological concept of the species, based on several

collections from various localities, is fully supported by molecular data. ITS

sequence analysis shows that the different collections form a well-supported

clade in the Russula phylogenetic tree.

Materials & methods

Sampling

All collections of the new taxon were made by Jean Michel Trendel and are deposited

in GENT Herbarium. These collections are referred to with an eight-digit code

YYMMDDxXxX (year; month; day; collection number). All collecting sites are located

in Northern Alsace (NE France); the code of the municipality is that assigned by the

National Institute for statistics and economic studies (INSEE); names (in quotation

marks) of forest or place are those indicated on the topographic maps (1:25000 scale)

from the Institut national de linformation géographique et forestiére (IGN); map

coordinates of the collections refer to the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM)

32N kilometer grid system; geological data (underlying rock) were mainly obtained

710 ... Trendel, Hampe & Verbeken

from geological maps (1:50000) edited by the Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et

Miniéres (BRGM).

Morphological analysis

Specimens were photographed in situ. The pictures are available at

http://www2.muse.it/russulales-news/. Microscopic observations were carried out

on fresh material. Pileipellis elements were studied on radial sections made by hand

midway from the cap margin, mounted either in SDS Congo red (Clémengon 1999)

or in distilled water. The search for acido-resistant encrustations was performed by

staining with Ziehl carbol fuchsin followed by a rapid differentiation using a 1M HCl

solution. Pileocystidia content was revealed using sulfovanillin (SV) freshly prepared

with a 50% or 80% H,SO, aqueous solution. Hymenial elements were studied in the

above-mentioned observation media. In some cases, additional controls were carried

out on very fine cap sections made from dried material and further rehydrated in a

moisture-saturated closed chamber for 24 h before observation in water. Basidiospores

(from spore deposits) were examined in Melzer’s reagent and spore measurements

(ornamentation excluded) were recorded randomly for 300 spores (6 collections) in

side view. Measurements are given as (MINa) [AVa - 2*SD]—Ava-AVb-[AVb + 2*SD]

(MAXb), with AVa = lowest mean value for the measured collections and MINa the

minimum value corresponding with this mean value, AVb = greatest mean value and

MAXb the maximum value corresponding with this mean value, and SD = standard

deviation calculated for the measurements of one collection (minimum and maximum

value are only given if not in the 2*SD-interval). Q stands for spore “length/width ratio”

and is given as (MINQa)-Qa-Qb-(MAXQb) with Qa and Qb being the lowest, and the

highest respectively, mean ratio for the measured specimen. The colour of the spore

deposit, referring to Romagnesi’s (1967) scale, was assessed against a personal chart

(JMT) and the Dagron’s chart (unpublished). Macrochemical reactions were determined

using FeSO, in crystalline form, a 4% phenol solution, and a strong Guaiac solution

made of permanently soaked Guaiac wood in 95% ethanol.

Molecular analysis

Total genomic DNA was extracted from dried material according to Nuytinck &

Verbeken (2003), with modifications described in Van de Putte et al. (2010). The ITS

region was amplified using the primers ITS1F-ITS4 (White et al. 1990, Gardes & Bruns

1993) and with polymerase PerfectTAQ (5 PRIME, Hilden, Germany) in accordance

with the manufacturer's recommendation. PCR amplification followed Eberhardt

(2012), and the PCR products were purified using the Qiaquick PCR Purification

Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) and directly sequenced with BigDye 3.1 technology

(Applied Biosystems, now Thermo Fisher Scientific, Wilmington, USA). Specimens

JMT-05081006, JMT-05081007, and JMT-05081512 were extracted and sequenced in

Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris (Marc-André Selosse) following Séne

et-al7(2015).

Raw sequences were edited in the BioEdit Sequence Alignment Editor version 7.2.5

(Hall, 2013) or Sequencher version 4.8 (Gene Codes Corporation). Edited sequences

Russula vinosoflavescens sp. nov. (France) ... 711

were aligned by MAFFT version 7 using the strategy E-INS-i (Katoh & Standley 2013).

Maximum-likelihood searches for tree building were carried out locally with 100

replicates with the GTR+GAMMA model, selecting the best solution of all replicates

analysis in RaXML 8.1.12 (Stamatakis 2014). Fast bootstrap searches were done locally

or through the CIPRES Science Gateway (Miller et al. 2010) with 10 000 replicates.

The final alignment included a total number of 67 ITS sequences, with 21 sequences

corresponding to the current concept of R. subsect. Sardoninae (Sarnari 1998). Except

for the R. vinosoflavescens collections cited as studied material all sequences were

retrieved from GenBank or UNITE (TABLE 1). The tree with the highest log likelihood

(-—4523.1303) is shown. Initial tree(s) for the heuristic search were obtained automatically

by applying the Maximum Parsimony method.

Taxonomy

Russula vinosoflavescens Trendel & F. Hampe, sp. nov. Figures 1, 2

MycoBAnk MB 819428

Differs from Russula persicina by its colour range, its mild or only slightly acrid taste,

its reticulate spore ornamentation, and the presence of granular pigments in cuticular

hyphae.

Type: France, Alsace, Morsbronn-les-Bains (67303), “Niederwald’, UTM 32N:

0406318/5419158, 213 m alt., on argillaceous soil with eumull humus (underlying

rock: upper Keuper red marls), under Quercus robur and Carpinus betulus with some

Fagus sylvatica nearby, in an area characterized by calcicolous mycoflora with numerous

Phlegmacium (Cortinarius) species, 5 Sept. 2014, JMT-14090502 (Holotype, GENT;

UNITE UDBo31187).

EryMoLocy: Referring to the purplish-red wine-coloured (vinoso) cap and the

tendency of the cap to become brown-yellowish or ochraceous (flavescens) as well as

when handling the stipe.

PitEus 4.0-6.5 cm diam., more or less fleshy, rather firm to very firm but with

margin occasionally slightly elastic, often irregular, at times knotty, convex-

flattened with the margin sometimes incurved or even inrolled, then broadly

but shallowly depressed; margin not or shortly sulcate, often flexuose-undulate

or lobed, in some cases showing a very clear, whitish border extending to the

edge of the gills (giving a “festooned” appearance); surface rugulose, more or

less radially veined, frequently uneven-bumpy in the centre, a little shiny in wet

conditions, but soon dry (except sometimes in the centre which remains a little

greasy) and then more mat, purple-red, carmine-red, vinaceous-red, somewhat

violet, rather vivid, but frequently paler, livid pinkish-vinaceous, with mauve

(lilac) greyish shades that can entirely replace the reddish tinges, even more

clearly greyish purple at the margin, becoming yellowish cream-ochraceous

from the centre or showing locally ochre-bistre areas merging in the reddish

and greyish mauve tints, sometimes becoming almost totally beige-brown,

712 ... Trendel, Hampe & Verbeken

ochreous-brown, with livid purple-violet glints mostly near the margin and a

residual purple-brown at centre. LAMELLAE adnate or attenuated-subdecurrent,

sometimes sub-emarginate, with a variable number of lamellulae, crowded to

rather spaced, interveined, anastomosing and more or less forked at every

level, in some cases more particularly near the stem (exceptionally regular,

without any forking or anastomosing), (sub)acute at the cap margin (rarely

subobtuse), narrow (0.3-0.5 cm, exceptionally broader <0.7 cm), whitish or

very pale cream; edge entire but often somewhat irregularly wavy. STIPE 2-6 x

0.9-1.5(-2) cm, cylindrical or slightly enlarged downwards, usually rounded

at the base (in a few cases tapering), sometimes eccentric, firm to almost hard,

with a firm medulla (exceptionally hollow-fistulous); surface nearly smooth,

finely wrinkled, white with occasionally a purple tinge (in one case remarkably

grey-purplish, somewhat brownish), distinctly yellowing (dirty, often with

greyish-brown shades) when handled or bruised. CONTEXT white, in the pileus

almost unchanging, in medulla of stipe slightly yellowing, sometimes a little

purple-violet beneath the cuticle in the most coloured forms; taste mild (or

almost mild, occasionally with an unpleasant aftertaste, somewhat bitter),

mild to slightly (and sometimes volatile) acrid in the gills, exceptionally more

strongly acrid; smell not distinctive.

MACROCHEMICAL REACTIONS FeSO: rose-orange; Phenol: brown; Guaiac:

in most cases reacting on the stem surface almost immediately (<2 s, in one

case more slowly), but of little intensity at the beginning, developing (10-15 s)

in blue of medium intensity, exceptionally with a stronger reaction, (dark blue);

on gills, the reaction developing slowly and weakly (blue-green to light blue).

SPORE PRINT cream, II(a)b-c.

Basip1osporss subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, 6.4-7.2-8.1-9.0 x 5.9-6.5-

6.9-7.7 um (n = 300), Q = 1.06-1.11-1.20-1.30; ornamentation amyloid,

often with incompletely amyloid warts; warts conical-obtuse, or more acute,

sometimes somewhat truncated, generally around 0.4-0.8 um high, but

also frequently reaching 1.0 um or higher, sometimes locally catenulate,

interconnected by crests or more frequently by (often very fine) connectives,

forming a well-developed and often nearly complete (with numerous meshes)

reticulum, which may appear confused in some cases; suprahilar plage

moderately amyloid, more or less bordered by small warts or low crests.

Basip1A 4-spored, 42-57 x 9.5-12.5 um, including sterigmata (about 5 um

long). PLEUROMACROCYSTIDIA 60-90 x 10.5-14.5 um, numerous, fusiform

or more or less clavate, most commonly with a pointed appendage, which

can show constrictions, more rarely ending in a short obtuse protuberance,

Russula vinosoflavescens sp. nov. (France) ... 713

i a, Mga

Fic. 1. Russula vinosoflavescens: colour forms observed. A, B. holotype, collection JMT-14090502;

C. collection JMT-05082042, with marked reddish pigmentation; D. collection JMT-05081006,

with marked reddish pigmentation; E. collection JMT-08081512, with predominating ochraceous

colour; EF. collection JMT-10080701, with mauve-lilac colour reminiscent of a Griseinae.

714... Trendel, Hampe & Verbeken

strongly staining with SV. PILEIPELLIS composed of hyphae containing reddish-

violaceous granular pigments; epicuticular elements (2.0-—)2.5-4.0 um diam.,

sometimes branched, flexuose, sometimes inflated up to 5.5 um; terminal cell

obtuse, or slightly thickened with a short appendage, also subcapitulate, or

(exceptionally) pear-shaped <7.0 um diam., but also conversely more or less

attenuated (sometimes abruptly). PILkeocystTip1a of two types; type 1 usually

unicellular (occasionally with 1 septum), rarely bifid, clavate—-fusiform, less

frequently cylindric, 4.0-9.5 um diam., often appendiculate-capitulate or

showing an obtuse apical protuberance, sometimes slender, (at least 120 um

long, narrowed at the base to 2.5-3.0 um diam.), with a content reacting variably

depending on the collection—but also on a cuticular section—when treated

with SV, staining (rather) strongly (grey-blackish) or weakly (grey-pinkish)

or even remaining inert (pinkish); type 2 lactiferoid (some clearly termini of

ascending lactifers), pluriseptate, more or less regularly cylindrical, 6.0-10.5

uum diam., with variably shaped terminal elements that sometimes taper (with

possible constrictions), sometimes are somewhat thickened or subclavate, or

with type 1 type appendages, originating in the deeper pellis, distinctly reacting

with SV (except in one specimen where the granular content of pileocystidia

type 2 is inert or reacts only very weakly in SV); without encrusted elements

after treatment with Ziehl fuchsin.

ECOLOGY & DISTRIBUTION—Under deciduous trees, associated with

Carpinus betulus, or Quercus (Q. robur or Q. petraea), or both (possibly also

with Fagus sylvatica), in a rather wet environment (possibly periodically drier),

on more or less argillaceous soils, neutral to superficially slightly acidic, usually

nutrient-rich with a rather high base saturation level (calcium-rich), with

mesotrophic to eutrophic mull humus. Phenology: late July to early September

(summer fruiting). Known only from six sites (9 collections) in Northern

Alsace (France).

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED—FRANCE, ALSACE. Bas-Rhin, Mattstall,

commune associated with Lembach (67263), ‘Sauerhald} UTM 32N: 0409918/5426543,

alt. 203 m, underlying rock: Upper Muschelkalk marly calcareous formation, under

Quercus, Carpinus, Fagus (forest locally rich in orchids, e.g., Epipactis microphylla),

JMT-13090715 (GENT, UNITE: UDB024105); Dauendorf (67087), “Herrenwald}

0402753/5410066, 168 m, Loess from the Quaternary (and more ancient alluvial

deposits?), in a wet environment, nitrogen-rich and with a high base saturation level,

under Carpinus, Quercus, Alnus glutinosa, Fraxinus excelsior, Ulmus sp., and with a

herbaceous layer comprising Allium ursinum, Carex sylvatica, Circaea lutetiana, Geum

urbanum, Glechoma hederacea, Paris quadrifolia, Stachys sylvatica, JMT-10080701

(GENT, UDB024104); 0402762/5409965, 171 m, Loess from the Quaternary (and

more ancient alluvial deposits?), under Carpinus, Quercus, JMT-05082042 (GENT);

Russula vinosoflavescens sp. nov. (France) ... 715

Fic. 2. Russula vinosoflavescens (holotype, collection JMT- 14090502). A. fruitbody in sectional

view; B. pileus epicutis: pileocystidia (with content shown schematically) and hyphal terminal

elements; C. hymenial cystidia on gill sides; D. spores as observed in Melzer’s reagent. Scale bars:

A=1cm;B=10 um; C = 20 um; D=5 um.

716 ... Trendel, Hampe & Verbeken

Bettwiller (67036), “Buchwald, 0365394/5416535, 347 m, Upper Muschelkalk marly

calcareous formation, under Quercus, Carpinus, with some Fagus and Prunus avium,

JMT-05081006 (GENT, UDB031189) and JMT-05081007 (GENT, UDB031190), most

likely belonging to the same mycelium; Forstheim (67141), ‘der Wald; 0405631/5415509,

211 m, Pliocene sands and clays, wet environment, under Quercus, Carpinus, Populus

tremula with Russula lutensis Romagn. and R. rutila Romagn., JMT-08081512 (GENT,

UDB031188); Drusenheim (67106), ‘Barrwald, approximately 0420900/5401000, 124 m,

Quaternary alluvial deposits, wet environment, on bare blackish ground, with Carpinus,

Quercus, Alnus glutinosa, Fraxinus excelsior, 25/07/1981, JMT-81072501 (GENT, spore

print only available).

Discussion

Molecular analysis

The six ITS sequences of the newly described R. vinosoflavescens form

an independent clade, which receives high bootstrap support (Fic. 3). The

clade corresponding to R. vinosoflavescens is nested within a large, supported

(bootstrap value 75) clade that includes the typical European representatives of

R. subsect. Sardoninae (R. sardonia Fr., R. queletii Fr., R. torulosa Bres.). Beside

these, it contains a number of species (e.g., R. cavipes Britzelm., R. exalbicans

(Pers.) Melzer & Zvara, R. gracillima Jul. Schaff., R. luteotacta Rea, R. persicina

Krombh., R. renidens Ruots. et al., R. sanguinea Fr.) included by Sarnari (1998)

in his emended concept of R. subsect. Sardoninae but attributed to different

(although closely related) infrageneric taxa by previous authors (Romagnesi

1967, Singer 1986, Bon 1988). In addition to the abovementioned species,

which fairly well represent R. subsect. Sardoninae sensu Sarnari, the clade

includes extra-European Sardoninae species such as R. thindii K. Das & S.L.

Miller and some poorly known species with an uncertain systematic position

(e.g., R. americana Singer, R. citrinochlora Singer).

The deeper phylogenetic relationships within the Sardoninae clade as

well as its external relationships with R. fellea (Fr.) Fr., R. consobrina (Fr.) Fr.,

R. ochroleuca Fr., and the large clade representing R. subsect. Russula

s.l. (including a sequence of the generic type R. emetica (Schaeff.) Pers.)

remain poorly resolved in the ITS analysis. Within the Sardoninae clade,

R. vinosoflavescens occupies a rather isolated position in a weakly supported

subclade containing R. renidens and samples identified as R. citrinochlora.

Morphological analysis

Despite its mild taste (in most cases only weakly acrid in gills),

R. vinosoflavescens shows a combination of characters—a more or less fleshy

firm pileus, cuticle often rugulose with polychromic colours, cream spore

Russula vinosoflavescens sp. nov. (France) ... 717

99 , KT934007 R. queletii

98 JF908668 R. queletii

UDB011177R. torulosa

100 ' UDB016261 R. torulosa

KM386693 R. thindii HOLOTYPE

HQ604839 R. americana

100 ' HQ604840 R. cf. ammodica

17 UDB019728 R. sanguinea

100 'KT934008 R. sanguinea

UDB011197 R.sardonia

100 & KT933999 R. sardonia

JQ890299 root sample

JF908681 R. cavipes

75 'AF418623R. cavipes

100 ; UDB011166R. luteotacta

KT933991 R. luteotacta

100 , UDB015984 R. persicina

UDB011196 R. persicina

100 ; UDB011361 R. gracillima

98 UDB011176R. gracillima

UDB015986 R. depallens

a8 AY061674R. exalbicans

9° 1 UDB015994 R. depallens

100 ; EU669222 G. monosporus

AY239346G. gilkeyae

98 , UDB016045 R. citrinochlora

UDB002550R. citrinochlora

UDB015975R. renidens

JN197654 root sample

UDB011117R.renidens ISOTYPE

EF434062 uncultured fungus ALASKA

100 GU997950 rootsample

GU997948 rootsample

80 UDB031188 - JMT-08081512

UDB031189 -JMT-05081006

UDB031187-JMT-14090502HOLOTYPE \ Russula

99 | UDB031190 - JMT-05081007 vinosoflavescens

UDB024104 - JMT-10080701

UDB024105 - JMT-13090715

UDB000345R. fellea

100 'UDB000314 R. fellea

100 , UDB011223 R. consobrina

UDB011207 R. consobrina

100 - UDB015988 R. aquosa

90 UDB011290 R. aquosa

100 ; KT934013 R. fageticola

93 UDB000346 R. fageticola

90 ; UDB011358 R. atrorubens

17 98 UDBO016006R. atrorubens

AY 228360 R. emetica

97 | UDB001628 R.emetica

JQ888196 R.emetica

100 } UDB018431 R. silvestris

UDB018430 R. silvestris

98 - UDB018436R. fragilis

UDB018434 R. fragilis

62 UDB018429 R. rhodomelanea

100 !' UDB018435 R. rhodomelanea HOLOTYPE

100 } UDB011228 R. ochroleuca

UDB000295 R. ochroleuca

99 ; UDB009582 R. pumila

FM993279 R. pumila

UDB000313R. bresadolae

100 'HG423574 R. bresadolae

UDB000010R. puellula

100 KT934010R. cuprea Outgroup

0.05 98 UDB016034 R. olivobrunnea

Fic. 3. Molecular phylogenetic analysis by Maximum Likelihood method-based tree with the

highest log likelihood (—4523.1303), based on ITS sequences.

718 ... Trendel, Hampe & Verbeken

print, well-characterised and non-encrusted pileocystidia—that is consistent

with its position in R. subsect. Sardoninae sensu Sarnari. Moreover, by its

habitus, somewhat decurrent narrow gills, and clear yellowing of its stipe when

bruised, this species is very reminiscent of certain forms of R. persicina. Russula

vinosoflavescens differs, however, unambiguously from the latter by its colours,

which are never ‘pure’ red. Indeed, even in its reddest forms, the cap always

displays some purple-vinaceous tinges, presumably reflecting the existence of

one or several blue pigments, occurring in sufficient amount to significantly

shade the red ones. The presence of these blue pigments becomes even more

apparent when grey-mauve (lilac) tints replace—sometimes completely—the

reddish colouring. In addition, this russula appears to fade readily to yellowish

ochre, or even brown-beige, and therefore colour forms devoid of any reddish

or bluish shades might be expected.

Other striking features are the often rugulose surface of the cuticle and the

strong tendency of the lamellae to become anastomosed-forked, though it

should be kept in mind that these characters are variable. The same is true for

the variability of the speed and intensity of the Guaiac reaction, which is mostly

in an average position on the reactivity scale.

One of the most striking microscopical features is the aggregation of

pigments into granules (sometimes distinctly combining red and blue

pigments) that are generally easily observed in the cap cuticular hyphae. The

cuticular structure of specimens for which we were unable to examine in fresh

condition was re-examined in dried material. Concerning the least pigmented

collection JMT-08081512 (Fic. 1-E), cuticular sections from the central part

of the cap—apparently the richest in residual red and blue pigments—revealed

the presence of pigmented grains. Our search was much less conclusive for the

vividly coloured specimens JMT-05081006 (Fic. 1-D), and even if we were able

to show the presence of sparse coloured granules, it appears that a significant

amount of pigment is either vacuolar (soluble) or at least not distinctly granular.

In addition, examination of the cuticle of collection JMT-05082042 (Fic. 1-C),

not studied in a fresh state, clearly revealed the presence of pigmented granules.

As reported by Romagnesi (1967) and Sarnari (1998), granular pigments are

highly characteristic of R. subg. Heterophyllidia but are also found occasionally

in some species belonging to other groups. In this respect, one should especially

mention R. renidens, a Nordic russula growing under birches, which shows

abundant granular red-purplish pigments, the latter probably co-occurring

in a soluble form accounting for the intensity of its colours (Sarnari 1998).

A similar situation may also exist for some of our vividly coloured collections

Russula vinosoflavescens sp. nov. (France) ... 719

(notably JMT-05081006 and JMT-05081007). Indeed, it seems likely that

pigment aggregates contribute less efficiently to global colouring compared to

those in solution, and that a strong predominance of granular pigments over

their soluble counterparts may explain the relative paleness of some of our

collections.

The morphology of the terminal hyphal cells of the epicuticular elements

appears too variable to be usable for species recognition. On the other hand,

pileocystidial shape seems informative at species level. It is also significant that

this characteristic can be found in almost all members of R. subsect. Sardoninae

as defined by Sarnari, where the new species belongs.

Another important diagnostic feature is the strongly reticulate spore

ornamentation that distinguishes R. vinosoflavescens from similar species

sharing the same cream spore print and also growing under deciduous trees,

such as R. persicina or the birch associates, R. exalbicans and R. renidens.

Ecology

Within Russula subsect. Sardoninae, partitioned by Sarnari (1998) into

ecological series based on Russula/tree partnerships, R. vinosoflavescens fits in

R. ser. Persicina, devoted to species associated with broadleaf trees (but not

strictly with birches); the other series cover species linked strictly to either

conifers (R. ser. Sardonia and R. ser. Sanguinea) or birches (R. ser. Exalbicans).

Indeed, R. vinosoflavescens appears associated with oak (Quercus robur or

Q. petraea) or hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) or both, the only trees present

on all collecting sites. A wider host association might include beech (Fagus

sylvatica, generally well represented in the forests of interest but sometimes

rather far away from the fruiting bodies) or, less likely, aspen (Populus tremula,

which can occur in more complex environments). Birch (Betula spp.), absent

from all the prospected sites, should not be considered a potential associate.

However, regarding Romagnesi’s (1967) initial concept of Persicinae, which

refers to “intermediate forms between Emeticinae and Sardoninae [both sensu

Romagnesi!], with less reticulate spores and gills more decurrent or weeping

than the former, and more purely red in colour than the latter” [a concept at

least partly shared by Sarnari (1998)—“pileus pure red”], it becomes necessary

to restrict Sarnari’s R. ser. Persicina definition exclusively to ecology, as in

R. vinosoflavescens colouration is not restricted to pure red and its spores are

rather strongly reticulate. In his classification, Bon (1988) does not retain

Romagnesi’s Persicinae group but treats the different taxa of R. persicina in his

emended R. subsect. Exalbicantinae. In this context, R. vinosoflavescens would

take its place beside R. exalbicans, which also often displays washed-out greyish

720 ... Trendel, Hampe & Verbeken

colours, and R. renidens, genetically a very closely related species sharing some

outstanding morphological features such as pigments that are at least partly

granular or lamellae that are more or less forked.

Acknowledgments

We are extremely thankful to Josie Lambourdiere and Prof. Marc-André Selosse

(Muséum national d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris) for some additional molecular analyses,

and to Dr. Philippe Schaeffer for helpful discussions. Dr. Ursula Eberhardt and Geoffrey

Kibby are acknowledged for useful comments and reviewing the paper.

Literature cited

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mycologica Bresadola (AMB), Fondazione Centro studi micologici.

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phylogenies. Bioinformatics 30(9): 1312-313. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu033

Russula vinosoflavescens sp. nov. (France) ... 721

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https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1

MY COTAXON

October-December 2017— Volume 132, pp. 723-744

https://doi.org/10.5248/132.723

Triadelphia acericola and T. centroseptata spp. nov.,

and a synopsis of the genus

DeE-WEI LI »** & JIAN-REN YE ”?

"The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station Valley Laboratory,

153 Cook Hill Road, Windsor, CT 06095, USA

?Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China & ° College of Forestry,

Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: dewei.li@ct.gov

ABSTRACT—A new hyphomycete species found during a collection of microfungi from

plant debris and decaying wood in Connecticut, USA, is described and illustrated here

as Triadelphia acericola. The new species produces four conidial forms: form (a), the

predominant form, is cylindrical and 2-septate, with the apical septum covered by a wide

dark band; form (b) is oblong or ellipsoidal and 1-septate; form (d) is clavate and pluriseptate,

with the middle transverse septum covered by a dark band; and form (f) is globose. Literature

on all published Triadelphia names is reviewed, and a comparative synopsis of the genus and

a key to Triadelphia species are provided. “Triadelphia centroseptata” nom. inval. is validated

by designation of a holotype, and T: archontophoenicicola nom. nov. is proposed to replace the

illegitimate homonym, T: australiensis Joanne E. Taylor et al.

Key worps—Acer, anamorph, nomenclature, pleomorphic, saprobe

Introduction

Triadelphia was erected by Shearer & Crane (1971) as a monotypic genus

typified by T. heterospora. The generic concept of Triadelphia was originally

described as: “Conidiogenous cells subspherical, subhyaline to dark colored,

producing conidia from a very limited area at the apex. Conidia readily

deciduous, leaving a pore when detached, cylindrical, rounded at the apex,

rounded to slightly truncate at base, dark colored, and septate.” (Shearer &

Crane 1971). Triadelphia heterospora develops two different forms of conidia: 1)

cylindrical and 2-septate and 2) broadly obclavate to ellipsoid and 4—7-septate;

724 ... Li & Ye

both conidial forms have at least one septum covered by a dark band (Shearer

& Crane 1971).

Hughes & Pirozynski (1973) transferred Dicoccum inquinans to Triadelphia.

Maggi et al. (1978) described two new species: T: loudetiae and T. pulvinata.

Constantinescu & Samson (1982), who studied herbarium specimens of

T. inquinans, type specimens of T: heterospora, and ex-type cultures of

T: loudetiae and T. pulvinata, found those species to be pleomorphic, developing

2-5 forms of conidia, and emended the generic description of Triadelphia to:

“Conidiogenous cells arising from undifferentiated hyphae, hyaline or pale

brown, flask-shaped, fusiform, cylindrical or clavate, solitary or agglomerated in

sporodochium-like structures, mostly with determinate growth and producing

one apical conidium. Conidia blastic, of at least 2 (sometimes 5) forms in every

species: (a) cylindrical, brownish, 1-2 septate; (b) clavate, dark brown, unispetate

[sic]; (c & d) obclavate to acicular with a narrow long tip, hyaline or yellowish

brown, multiseptate; (e) allantoid, hyaline or pale yellowish, 0-3-septate,

sometimes also (f) obovate to broadly ellipsoidal, pale brown, unicellular.”

Constantinescu & Samson (1982) simultaneously described a new species,

T. romanica, and transferred Stemphyliomma alabamensis to Triadelphia.

Kirk (1983) transferred Sporidesmium uniseptatum to Triadelphia based on

conidiogenous cell morphology and conidial ontogeny and morphology, which

were all similar to the previously published six Triadelphia species. Mercado

Sierra & Castafieda-Ruiz (1983) published T! stilboidea, a synnematous species

from Cuba, and Révay (1987) published T: hungarica from Hungary. Tzean &

Chen (1989) described as new T. diversa; they also reviewed and compared

eight Triadelphia species but did not include T. stilboidea or T: hungarica in

their review and key.

Sutton (1989) described Triadelphia australiensis, a species with only one

conidial form, although he acknowledged that all other Triadelphia species

develop at least two forms of conidia. Matsushima (1989, 1995) described two

new species, T: queenslandica and T. synnematofera (the second synnematous

species in Triadelphia). Révay (1993) published her second new species,

T. morgoensis, with a key to 12 species; she also noted that as T. stilboidea

probably did not belong in Triadelphia due to its synnematous nature, she

omitted Triadelphia stilboidea from her key.

Venkateshwarlu et al. (1997) added T: centroseptata to the genus.

Manoharachary et al. (2001) described T. corticola as having two conidial

“forms, which appear to represent the same form varying only in conidial

width and shape: conidia in T’ corticola share the same length, septation

Triadelphia acericola & T. centroseptata spp. nov. ... 725

characters, and conidiogenesis and belong to form (a) of Constantinescu &

Samson (1982). The most recent species added to Triadelphia is T: australiensis

Joanne E. Taylor et al. (Taylor & Hyde 2003). Of the eighteen species described

in Triadelphia, “T. centroseptata” was invalidly published and is validated here.

Since the morphological characters and conidium ontogeny of our specimen

collected in Windsor, Connecticut, cannot be ascribed to any previously

described Triadelphia species, we propose it here as a new species, T. acericola.

Materials & methods

An undescribed hyphomycete was collected from a piece of inner bark of Acer

palmatum during a collection of fungi from plant debris and decaying wood in a mixed

forest, wood log piles, and a landscape garden at the Valley Laboratory, Windsor, CT, in

June 2013. The specimen was placed in a paper bag and brought back to the laboratory.

Isolation on to MEA and CMA was attempted in the same day. However, isolation was

not successful. Therefore a small scalpel was used to remove fungal structures directly

from the samples for morphological observation under an Olympus BX40 compound

microscope. Conidiophores, conidia, and other fungal structures were mounted in

85% lactic acid or lacto-fuchsin (0.1 g acid fuchsin, 100 ml 85% lactic acid; Carmichael

1955). The fungal structures were microscopically observed and measured under

Nomarski differential interference contrast optics. Photomicrographs were captured

using an Olympus Microfire digital camera (Goleta, CA). Data of the fungal structure

measurements were statistically analyzed using Microsoft Office Excel 2013 with 95%

confidence interval of means. The results were presented as ranges and mean + standard

deviation as well as Q (ratio of conidial length/width).

Taxonomy

Triadelphia acericola D.W. Li, sp. nov. FIGS 1, 2A

MycoBank MB813008

Differs from Triadelphia heterospora, T. inquinans, and T. diversa by not having conidial

forms (c) and (e).

Type: USA, Connecticut, Windsor, 41°51’02”N 72°39’43”W, elevation 38 m, from wood

of Japanese maple (Acer palmatum ‘Thunb., Sapindaceae), 11 June 2013, De-Wei Li

(Holotype, BPI 893194).

EryMOLoey: epithet is named after the genus Acer on which the fungus was collected.

COLONIES on natural substrate thinly diffuse, dark brown. Mycelium partly

immersed and partly superficial, sparse, composed of colorless to pale

brown, irregularly branched, smooth, septate hyphae. CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS

monoblastic, small, 1-celled, smooth, ellipsoid, pale brown, 3 x 2.5 um. CONIDIA

apical, solitary, dry, pleomorphic, of four different forms (as categorized by

Constantinescu & Samson, 1982): form (a) cylindrical, oblong, or clavate,

726 ... Li & Ye

straight or slightly curved, smooth, thick-walled, light brown, (1-)2-septate,

the apical septum covered with a dark band 2.1-4.3 um thick, (11.5-)13.5-16

(-16.6) x (3.5-)4-5.5(-6) um (mean = 14.5 + 1.2 x 5 + 0.6 um, n = 33),

Q = 2.2-4.1 (mean = 3.1), with rounded ends; form (b) oblong or ellipsoidal,

smooth, pale brown, thick-walled, 6.5-11 x 3.5-4.5 um, 1-septate at the middle

or off center; form (d) clavate (incomplete), 17.5-19 x 6-7.5 um, pluriseptate

(often 4-septate), central cells pale brown to brown, with the middle transverse

septum covered by a dark 2-2.5 um wide band; smooth; end cells subhyaline

to light brown, with truncate base; form (f) globose, subglobose, or ellipsoidal,

pale brown to brown, unicellular, smooth, thick-walled, (4—-)4.5-6(-6.5) x

4-4.5(-5) um (mean = 5.1 + 0.7 x 4.2 + 0.3 um, n= 12).

Note: There is a pore visible in the center of each septum and at the basal end of

a conidium. The conidial forms used in this paper follow the six conidial forms

categorized by Constantinescu & Samson (1982). In Triadelphia acericola,

conidia of form (a) predominate, comprising over 90% of all conidia, with the

three other forms (b, d, f) constituting <10%.

Very few intact conidiogenous cells were observed. It appeared that these

conidiogenous cells collapsed once conidia became mature. Two apical cells of

some mature conidia collapsed and even disintegrated, leaving only the basal

cell. No intact form (d) conidia were present. Thus, the number of septa and

size cited for form (d) conidia are approximations.

Conidiogenous cells were also not found in T. inquinans, presumably due to

collapse. Hughes & Pirozynski (1973) and Ellis (1976) did not observe attached

conidia or conidiogenous cells in the specimen of T. inquinans they studied.

Hughes & Pirozynski (1973) assumed that the conidia of T. inquinans develop

singly from swollen hyphal tips (subglobose conidiogenous cells?) that either

collapse after or rupture during conidial secession.

Triadelphia acericola morphologically resembles T! heterospora, T: inquinans,

and T: diversa in having 2-septate, cylindrical, form (a) conidia. Triadelphia

heterospora differs by its much larger form (a) conidia (16.2-19.0 x 3.5-6.0 um;

Shearer & Crane 1971) and the absence of form (b); T: diversa form (a) conidia

differ in their colorless basal cells (Tzean & Chen 1989); and T. inquinans form

(a) conidia differ by the absence of any dark band covering the apical conidial

septum (Hughes & Pirozynski 1973).

Fic. 1—Triadelphia acericola (holotype, BPI 893194). A. form (a) cylindrical conidia; B, C. form

(b) oblong and ellipsoidal conidia; D. form (d) clavate conidia [arrow indicates collapsed terminal

cell]; E. form (a) conidia with form (b) conidia [arrowed]; FE. form (f) globose conidium; G. form (a)

conidia with form (f) conidium [arrowed]; H. conidiogenous cells. Scale bars = 5 um.

Triadelphia acericola & T. centroseptata spp. nov. ... 727

728 ... Li & Ye

Despite several attempts to isolate this fungus onto cultural media, the

fungus failed to grow on either MEA or CMA, suggesting that the fungus

on the specimen may have lost its viability. Failure to isolate this fungus

prevented us from obtaining DNA sequences and carrying out phylogenetic

studies.

Triadelphia alabamensis (Matsush.) Constant. & Samson,

Mycotaxon 15: 482. 1982 FIG. 2B

= Stemphyliomma alabamensis Matsush., Matsush. Mycol. Mem. 2: 16. 1981.

= Pithomyces alabamensis (Matsush.) P.M. Kirk, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 80(3): 462. 1983.

This species develops two different conidial forms: form (d) fusiform or

ellipsoidal, 6-8-septate, 28-44 x 10.5-16 um; end cells colorless or pale brown,

central cells pale brown to brown, dark band covering over the central septum;

form (e) cylindrical, pale olivaceous, 1-3-septate (mostly 1-septate), smooth,

curved, guttulate, with rounded ends, 14-28 x 4.5-5.5 um.

HABITAT/HOsT: On slime flux from wood of Quercus.

DISTRIBUTION: USA (Alabama).

Pithomyces alabamensis is now accepted as the current name of this species

(MycoBank 2017, Species Fungorum 2017). Although its form (e) conidia do

exhibit the rhexolytic secession of Pithomyces, its pleomorphic nature makes

Triadelphia a better fit.

Triadelphia archontophoenicicola D.W. Li, nom. nov. FIG. 2C

MycoBank MB 813055

= Triadelphia australiensis Joanne E. Taylor, K.D. Hyde & E.B.G. Jones, Fungal

Diversity Res. Ser. 12: 366. 2003, nom. illeg. (non B. Sutton 1989).

EryMo_oey: after the genus of Archontophoenix alexandrae (F. Muell.) H. Wendl. &

Drude (Arecaceae) on which the type was collected.

A replacement name (nom. nov.) is required because T: australiensis Joanne

E. Taylor et al. is an illegitimate later homonym of T. australiensis B. Sutton

(McNeill et al. 2012: Art. 53.1).

This fungus develops five conidial forms and two types of conidiophores.

Type 1 conidiophores are micronematous, cylindrical, flask-shaped,

18-30 x 8-12.4 um, pale to dark brown, 1-3-septate; they bear form (d)

conidia, obclavate, 104-132 x 19-24 um, dark brown to black, abruptly

becoming colorless at the long narrow apex, 5-9 um wide, smooth,

10-13 septa, septa in dark part covered in dark bands. Type 2 conidiophores

are semi-macronematous, cylindrical, 60-190 x 4-6 um, dark red-brown,

4—8-septate; they develop form (a) conidia, cylindrical to fusiform, 24-35 x

Triadelphia acericola & T. centroseptata spp. nov. ... 729

GYOS)

eae SE ae GS

Fic. 2—Conidial forms produced by 7 Triadelphia spp.: a. T: acericola; b. T. alabamensis;

c. T. archontophoenicicola; d. T: australiensis B. Sutton; e. T. centroseptata; f. T. corticola;

g. T. disseminata. Line drawings by Rafael FE. Castafieda-Ruiz.

730 ... Li& Ye

6-9 um, brown, 1—3-septate covered by narrow dark bands, smooth, with a

conspicuous dark hilum, with or without a small mucilaginous appendage

at the acute apex. In addition, conidial forms (b), (c), and (g) are associated

with both conidiophore types: form (b) conidia, clavate, 24-26 x 8-11

um, brown, 1-3-septate covered by dark bands, smooth, guttulate; form

brown, approximately 8-septate, smooth, acute apex, guttulate; and form

(g) conidia, ellipsoidal to cylindrical, 18 x 6 um, pale brown, straight or

curved, smooth, 4-pseudoseptate, obtuse apex and base, guttulate (Taylor

& Hyde 2003).

HABITAT/HOsT: on a dead rachis of Archontophoenix alexandrae.

DISTRIBUTION: Australia.

This is a species with some features that are unique in the genus; it is the

only species that develops two kinds of conidiophores, and it produces

pseudoseptate form (g) conidia that do not correspond with any of the

conidial forms categorized by Constantinescu & Samson (1982). Taylor

and Hyde (2003) considered that these pseudoseptate conidia represented

a new conidial form for the genus when they assigned their new species

to Triadelphia. Further studies on this species are needed to determine its

phylogenetic relationship with other members of Triadelphia and allied

genera.

Triadelphia australiensis B. Sutton, Sydowia 41: 339. 1989 FIG. 2D

This species develops only form (b) conidia, 8.5-10 x 4.5-6 um (Sutton

1989), apical, solitary, dry, ellipsoidal, obovoid to broadly obovoid, smooth,

thick-walled, 1-septate near the base, thickened, some constricted at the

septum.

Hasirats/Hosts: bark, submerged wood, water damaged plywood from a

rink, and dry wall indoors (Li et al. 2013).

DISTRIBUTION: Australia, Canada, Hong Kong, USA.

Triadelphia australiensis is morphologically very similar to T! uniseptata.

The difference is that T. australiensis B. Sutton has smaller conidia than

T. uniseptata, which are larger (12.5-16 x 6.5-10.5 um; Kirk 1983). Ranghoo &

Hyde (1998) identified Trichocladium uniseptatum [= Triadelphia uniseptata] as

the anamorph of their new genus and species, Ascolacicola aquatica Ranghoo

& K.D. Hyde, but their conidial measurements (6.5-10 x 3.8-6.3 um) match

T. australiensis, rather than T’ uniseptata. Moreover, Réblova (2013) designated

this anamorph as merely “Triadelphia-like?

Triadelphia acericola & T. centroseptata spp. nov. ... 731

Triadelphia centroseptata Venkateshw., S.M. Reddy & S.R. Reddy

ex D.W. Li, sp. nov. FIG. 2E

MycoBank MB 823119

“Triadelphia centroseptata” Venkateshw., S.M. Reddy & S.R. Reddy, Indian

Phytopath. 49(4): 340. 1997 [“1996”], nom. inval. (ICN Arts 40.1, 40.6, 40.7).

Type: India, Andhra Pradesh, Warangal, Daharmassagar Village, on dead rachis of Cocos

nucifera L. (Arecaceae), 22 Nov 1989 (Holotype, IMI 300593; isotype, KUMH HM50).

The species was invalidly published by Venkateshwarlu et al. (1997), because

they presented two herbarium accessions (IMI 300593; KUMH HM50) but

failed to nominate either of them as a type, failed to include the word “type” or

an equivalent, and failed to nominate a single herbarium where the holotype

was conserved (McNeill et al. 2012: Art. 40). Here we validate the species by

designating IMI 30059 as its holotype.

One conidial form (a): cylindrical, 12.5-21 x 4-8.5 um, brown, 1-septate,

septum covered in a wide dark band, smooth.

Hasitat/Host: On dead rachis of Cocos nucifera L.

DISTRIBUTION: India

Note—Triadelphia centroseptata is described and illustrated in detail by

Venkateshwarlu et al. (1997). The type material of this species should be closely

examined in the future to determine whether it truly develops only one form of

conidia. Its conidia resemble those of T. inquinans. However, the latter species

produces smaller cylindrical conidia (a) as well as four other conidial forms.

Triadelphia corticola Manohar., N.K. Rao & D.K. Agarwal,

J. Mycopathol. Res. 39: 109. 2001. FIG. 2F

Manoharachary et al. (2001) identified two conidial forms: form (a) as

narrowly cylindrical rounded at the apex, smooth, 18-21 x 4.5-5.2 um,

2-septate, distal septum covered by a wide dark band, basal one narrow, dark

brown; and form (b) as larger, ovoid, smooth, rounded at the apex, 2-septate,

distal septum covered by a wide brownish to black band, 18-21 x 7-8.3 um.

However, based on the type illustration and conidial secession of the fungus,

it appears that these two conidial “forms” represent a single conidial form that

vary in conidial width, both of which we refer to in our key as form (a).

HaBITAt/HOstT: on bark of an unidentified plant.

DISTRIBUTION: India.

Triadelphia corticola is morphologically similar to T: hungarica in conidial size

and shape. But, T: hungarica develops another conidial form with 6-7 septa

(Révay 1987).

732 ... Li& Ye

Triadelphia disseminata Madrid & J. Edathodu, Persoonia 34: 235.2015. Fic. 2g

This is the second species isolated from human beings (Madrid et

al. 2015). It develops three types of conidia in culture: form (a) (sub)

cylindrical with obtuse ends, pale to dark brown, smooth, thick-walled,

with 1 septum situated above the middle (occasionally 1-celled), often

slightly constricted at the septum, 5-11 x 2.5-4 um; form (c) obclavate

to acicular, straight to slightly curved, colorless to pale olivaceous brown,

smooth, thin-walled, 3-4-septate, 43-227 x 3-4 um, with a truncate base

and a cylindrical body gradually tapering into a long beak with an obtuse

end; and form (e) reniform to allantoid, colorless to light brown, smooth,

thin-walled, 1-celled, with obtuse ends, 5.5-11.5 x 2-3.5 um (Madrid et

al. 2015).

Hasitat/Host: from a disseminated infection in an immuno-

compromised patient.

DISTRIBUTION: Saudi Arabia.

Triadelphia disseminata is morphologically similar to T: pulvinata The

conidial form (c) of T. disseminata are 3-4-septate, while in T. pulvinata

5-7 septate (Maggi et al. 1978).

Triadelphia diversa Tzean & J.L. Chen, Mycologia 81: 630. 1989. FIG. 34

This species develops five conidial forms: form (a), cylindrical, straight or

slightly curved, 13.7-24 x 4-8 um, 1-2-septate; septa covered with wide dark

bands; wall smooth; apical and central cells brown, basal cell colorless or pale

brown; form (b), broadly clavate, 11.5-15.3 x 6.3-8 um, with one transverse

septum near the base, covered with a dark band; smooth; apical cell brown,

basal cell colorless or pale brown, with truncate base; form (d), obclavate,

4-6-septate, 15-26 x 6-7 um; end cells colorless to pale brown, acicular, basal

cells subhyaline to pale brown, truncate, central cells pale brown to brown,

often with dark bands at the septa; form (e), allantoid or reniform, colorless

or pale brown, 2 celled, smooth, thin-walled, 8-16 x 3-5 um; and form (f),

obovate, pale brown, 1-celled, smooth, 5.9-9.8 x 4.3-5.6 um with a truncate

base (Tzean & Chen 1989).

HaBITaT/nHOstT: rotten fallen stem of angiosperm.

DISTRIBUTION: Taiwan.

Triadelphia diversa is morphologically similar to T: acericola, T: heterospora,

and T! inquinans. Triadelphia diversa does not develop conidial form (c);

T. acericola does not have conidial forms (c) and (e); T: heterospora has no

Triadelphia acericola & T. centroseptata spp. nov. ... 733

Fic. 3— Conidial forms produced by 6 Triadelphia spp.: a. T: diversa; b. T: heterospora;

c. I: hungarica; d. T: inquinans; e. T: loudetiae; f. T. morgoensis. Line drawings a-e by Rafael F.

Castaneda-Ruiz; line drawing f from Révay (1993), redrawn by the authors.

734 ... Li& Ye

conidial forms (b) and (c) (Shearer & Crane 1971) and T. inquinans, no

conidial form (e) (Hughes & Pirozynski 1973).

Triadelphia heterospora Shearer & J.L. Crane, Mycologia 63: 247. 1971. FIG. 3B

This is the type species of the genus Triadelphia. Shearer & Crane (1971)

originally described T: heterospora as having two conidial forms: form (a),

cylindrical, 2-septate, rounded at the apex, rounded to slightly truncate at base,

brown, smooth, thick-walled, (14.7—)16.2-19.0(-21.2) x 3.5-6.0 um, the apical

septum covered by a black band and form (d), broad ellipsoid, 4-7-septate,

17.6-23.5 x 8.2-10.6 um, end cells colorless to subhyaline, central cells

subhyaline, brown to very dark brown often with black bands at the septa. After

examination of the type material, Constantinescu & Samson (1982) described

two additional conidial forms for this species: form (e), allantoid or reniform,

colorless or pale brown, 0-1 septate, smooth, thin-walled, rounded at both

ends, 8.5-15 x 3-5 um and form (f), obovate to ellipsoidal, pale brown, 1-celled,

smooth, thin-walled, 6-8 x 4-5 um. However, their illustrations clearly showed

that form (f) conidia were thick-walled. Shearer & Crane (1971) included “form

(e)” conidia among cylindrical form (a) conidia in their illustration; it appears

that they considered “form (e)” conidia to be merely immature cylindrical form

(a) conidia.

Hasirats/Hosts: balsa wood block submerged in fresh water, pine block

submerged in sea water in the air, rain water, litter of Mentha aquatic L. and

Mentha xrotundifolia (L.) Huds. from wetland, and debris from a tree-hollow

(Czeczuga et al. 2007, Goénczél & Révay 2004, Révay 1987). This is an aquatic

fungus, but it has also been found in the air of an orchid greenhouse (Magyar

et al. 2011), and its cylindrical conidia were found in the air indoors in the USA

(pers. obs.).

DISTRIBUTION: Cuba, Hong Kong, Hungary, India, Jamaica, Pakistan,

Poland, USA.

Triadelphia heterospora is morphologically similar to T! acericola, T. inquinans,

and T. diversa. Triadelphia heterospora does not develop conidial forms (b)

and (c) (Shearer & Crane 1971); T: acericola does not have conidial forms (c)

and (e); and T: inquinans, no conidial form (e) (Hughes & Pirozynski 1973);

T. diversa does not develop conidial form (c) (Tzean & Chen 1989).

Triadelphia hungarica Révay, Acta Bot. Hung. 33: 68. 1987. FIG. 3C

This species develops two conidial forms: form (a), clavate or slightly

cylindrical, dark brown, 2-septate with apical septum covered by a dark band,

Triadelphia acericola & T. centroseptata spp. nov. ... 735

17.6-20.8 x 6.4-7 um and form (b), fusiform-ellipsoidal, straight or slightly

curved, 6-7-septate, with a dark band in the middle, truncate at the base, 32-36

x 8-10 um, central cells pale brown to dark brown (Révay 1987).

HABITAT/HOsT: on debris of ?Quercus.

DISTRIBUTION: Hungary

Triadelphia inquinans (Sacc.) S. Hughes & Piroz.,

Can.JJ. Bot, 5022524.:.1973)[" 1972"). FIG. 3D

= Dicoccum inquinans Sacc., Michelia 1(2): 264. 1878.

This species develops five conidial forms. Saccardo (1878) originally

described only one type of conidia: form (b), cylindrical-clavate, 16-20 x

4-5 um, l-septate at middle, with rounded apex and truncate base. Hughes &

Pirozynski (1973) and Ellis (1976) described form (b) and form (d) conidia.

Hughes & Pirozynski (1973) re-described this species based on their study

of three specimens including the type. They described two conidial forms:

form (b) conidia, shorter than those of the type, clavate, with thin-walled frill

(part of conidiogenous cell?), 12-18 x 4-6 um and form (d) conidia, broadly

ellipsoidal, usually curved, 15-18 x 8-9 um, possibly 5-septate (incomplete),

the two middle cells thick-walled, dark brown with the median septum covered

by a dark chestnut-brown band, the penultimate cells paler, and the end cells

colorless to subhyaline.

Constantinescu & Samson (1982) studied the type material and described

three additional conidial forms: form (a), cylindrical, (1-)2-septate, pale brown,

smooth, 12-16 x 3-4 um; form (c), obclavate, 3-5-septate, yellowing brown,

smooth, thin-walled, tip not observed, the base truncate, 13-23 (incomplete)

x 4-5 um; and form (f), obovate to large ellipsoidal, pale brown, 1-celled, pale

brown, smooth, thin-walled, 4-5 x 2.5-3 um. However, the illustration of

Constantinescu & Samson (1982) depict form (f) conidia as thick-, not thin-,

walled; and form (d) conidia as larger (17-24 x 7-9 um, [incomplete]) than

those of Hughes & Pirozynski (1973).

Hasirat/Host: decayed inner bark of Populus nigra var. italica Minchh.,

Populus sp.

DISTRIBUTION: Italy.

Triadelphia loudetiae Maggi, Bartoli & Rambelli,

Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 71: 150. 1978. FIG. 3E

Maggi et al. (1978) described only the predominant form (a) conidia:

cylindrical, dark brown, 2-septate, rounded at both ends, smooth, a basal pore

visible, 12-18 x 4.5-5 pm. Constantinescu & Samson (1982) included two

736 ... Li& Ye

additional forms: form (c), obclavate, yellowish brown, sometimes slightly

constricted at septa, smooth, thin-walled, 5-6-septate, 30-105 x 4-5 um,

gradually tapering into a long colorless beak and form (e), allantoid, reniform

or nearly cylindrical, colorless or subhyaline, 0-1-septate, smooth, thin-walled,

PAZ SX 2535 mM:

Hasitat/nHost: from rhizosphere of Loudetia simplex (Nees) C.E. Hubb.

DISTRIBUTION: Ivory Coast.

Triadelphia morgoensis Révay, Stud. Bot. Hung. 23: 63. 1993 [“1992”]. FIG. 3F

This species develops three conidial forms: form (a), cylindrical, straight or

slightly curved, 2-septate, thick-walled, with a rounded apex and a truncate

base, 16-25.6 x 3.2-4.8 um; form (c), obclavate, subhyaline, 5-7-septate, base

truncate, gradually tapering into a long beak, 40-57.6 x 3.2-4 um; and form

(e), allantoid or reniform, colorless, one-celled, smooth, thin-walled, 4.8-6 x

2-3 um (Révay 1993).

Hasitat/Host: on rotten wood.

DISTRIBUTION: Hungary.

Triadelphia morgoensis differs from T. diversa by the absence of conidial forms

(b), (d), and (f), by its narrower form (a) conidia having wide dark bands

covering their septa (cf. T: diversa form (a) conidia, 13.7-24 x 4-8 um, without

dark bands), and by its 0-septate form (e) conidia (cf. 1-septate in T’ diversa).

Triadelphia pulvinata Maggi, Bartoli & Rambelli,

Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 71: 150. 1978. FIG. 4A

Maggi et al. (1978) described the predominant form (a) conidia as solitary,

cylindrical, deep brown, 1-septate, rounded at both ends, with distinct and

smooth wall, basal pore not easily seen, 11.5 x 4 pm. Constantinescu & Samson

(1982) described all three conidial forms for this species: form (a), cylindrical,

pale brown, 1-septate, rounded at both ends, smooth, wall 0.3 um thick, 9-12

x 3-3.4 um; form (c), acicular to obclavate, colorless, slightly curved, smooth,

thin-walled, 5-7 septate, 40-160 x 3-4 um, gradually tapering into a long tail

with rounded apex and truncate base; and form (e), allantoid or reniform,

colorless or pale brown, 1-celled, smooth, thin-walled, rounded at both ends,

6-9.5 x 2-3 um. Some conidia are mostly clavate, asymmetrical, dark brown,

larger, 9-13 x 4.5-6 um; Constantinescu & Samson (1982) considered these to

represent over-mature form (e) conidia.

Hasirats/Hosts: from rhizosphere of Loudetia simplex, dead rachides of

Phoenix canariensis Chabaud (von Arx 1985), and a human eyelid infection.

Triadelphia acericola & T. centroseptata spp. nov. ... 737

c e f

Fic. 4— Conidial forms produced by 6 Triadelphia spp.: a. T. pulvinata; b. T: queenslandica;

c. TI. romanica; d. T: stilboidea; e. T: synnematofera; f. T: uniseptata. Line drawings by Rafael F.

Castaneda-Ruiz.

738 ... Li& Ye

Triadelphia pulvinata is a soil hyphomycete that was reported to cause

eczematoid, scaly, grey lesions on the skin of both eyelids of a male patient in

Saudi Arabia (Al-Hedaithy 2001).

DISTRIBUTION: Canary Islands, Ivory Coast, Saudi Arabia.

Triadelphia pulvinata was originally described with the conidia and

conidiogenous cells developing on ropes of brown hyphae. This raises questions

of whether these hyphal ropes are premature stages of synnemata or whether

this species is intermediate between synnematous and semi-macronematous

members of the genus. Further studies on this species are necessary.

T. pulvinata is morphologically similar to T. romanica, T. stilboidea, and

T. synnematofera. Both T: stilboidea, and T. synnematofera develop synnemata

(Mercado Sierra & Castaneda 1983, Matsushima 1995), while T. pulvinata and

T. romanica do not. Triadelphia pulvinata does not develop conidial forms

(b) and (d) (Maggi et al. 1978), while T: romanica has no conidial form (d)

(Constantinescu & Samson 1982).

Triadelphia queenslandica Matsush., Matsush. Mycol. Mem. 6: 42.1989. Fic. 4B

This species develops three forms of conidia: form (b), clavate, 1-3-septate,

15-30 x 8-13 um, apical cells; brown, paler towards the basal cell; form (d),

fusiform, apices frequently filiform, conidia without apical portion 30-42 x

12-18 um, 5-6-septate, central cells brown black, paler towards both ends,

apical cell about 400 um long, filiform, 0-septate, colorless, often collapsed at

maturity; and form (e), allantoid to reniform, mostly 1-septate, rarely 2-septate,

16-25 x 5-8 um, pale brown (Matsushima 1989).

HaBITAT/HOsT: on rotten leaf of Musa xsapientum L.

DISTRIBUTION: Australia (Matsushima 1989, Photita et al. 2002)

Triadelphia queenslandica, which is morphologically similar to T. heterospora

and T. hungarica, does not develop conidial forms (a) & (c), while T.

heterospora lacks conidial forms (b) & (c) and T: hungarica does not develop

conidial forms c-f. The conidial form (b) of T: queenslandica does resemble the

chlamydospores produced by aerial mycelia of Trichocladium opacum (Corda)

S. Hughes (Kendrick and Bhatt 1966, Matsushima 1989). However, conidial

forms (d) & (e) of T: queenslandica separate it from Tric. opacum.

Triadelphia romanica Constant. & Samson, Mycotaxon 15: 482. 1982. FIG. 4c

This species develops four forms of conidia: form (a), cylindrical, 0-1-septate,

constricted in the middle, pale brown, smooth, 6.5-14 x 2.5-4 um; form (b),

clavate, brown, smooth, thick-walled (0.5-0.8 tm thick), l-septate, 13-22 x

Triadelphia acericola & T. centroseptata spp. nov. ... 739

5.5-5 um; form (c), obclavate to acicular, colorless, smooth, thin-walled,

2-4-septate, 50-80 x 3-4.5 um, base truncate, gradually tapering into a long

beak of 1-1.5 um wide; and form (e), allantoid to reniform, colorless, 1-celled,

thin-walled, smooth, rounded at both ends, 7-12 x 2-3 um (Constantinescu &

Samson 1982).

Hasirats/Hosts: Isolated from avian eggshell; decayed frond of Palmae

(Matsushima 2001).

DISTRIBUTION: Peru, Romania.

Triadelphia romanica is morphologically similar to T: pulvinata. Triadelphia

romanica does not develop conidial form (d) (Constantinescu & Samson 1982),

while. T: pulvinata has no conidial forms (b) and (d) (Maggi et al. 1978).

Triadelphia stilboidea Mercado & R.F. Castafieda,

Revista Jard. Bot. Nac., Univ. Habana 4(2): 68. 1983. FIG. 4D

This species has synnematous conidiophores, tretic conidiogenous cells, and

two conidial forms; form (a) predominating: cylindrical, sometimes ellipsoidal

or obclavate, olivaceous or brown olivaceous, 1-septate, rarely 0-septate, 7.5-15

x 2.4-4.7 um; and form (?c), seta-like, very long, obclavate, rostrate, 1-celled,

dark brown at the base, becoming paler towards apex, subhyaline at apex,

20-85 x 3.5-4.7 um, tapering to 0.7-1 um at apices. The seta-like conidia of this

species do not fit any forms categorized by Constantinescu & Samson (1982).

Hasirats/Hosts: decayed leaf of unknown palm; dead leaf petiole of

Roystonea regia (Kunth) O.F. Cook.

DISTRIBUTION: Cuba, Puerto Rico.

Révay (1993), who considered T: stilboidea not closely related to T: heterospora

and other species of Triadelphia, excluded it from Triadelphia.

Matsushima (1995) considered that the synnematous Triadelphia stilboidea

has setae similar to those of Trichurus spiralis Hasselbr., not setae-like conidia

as described by Mercado Sierra & Castaneda (1983).

Triadelphia stilboidea and T. synnematofera both develop synnemata

(Mercado Sierra & Castafieda 1983, Matsushima 1995). Triadelphia stilboidea

develops conidial forms (a) and (c) (Mercado Sierra & Castafieda 1983), while

T. synnematofera has conidial form (a) and (e) (Matsushima 1995).

Triadelphia synnematofera Matsush.,

Matsush. Mycol. Mem. 8: 38. 1995, as “synnematfera” FIG. 4E

Synnemata solitary, gregarious, cylindrical, 210-350 um in height. Conidia

of two forms: form (a) cylindric-ellipsoidal, 1-septate, smooth, dark brown,

740 ... Li & Ye

9-17 x 3.5-5 um and form (e) allantoid, reniform or cylindrical, 1-septate,

straight or slightly curved, smooth, colorless, 11-16 x 4-5.5 um (Matsushima

1995).

Hasitat/Host: on decayed petiole of palm

DISTRIBUTION: Peru.

Triadelphia synnematofera is another synnematous species with two conidial

forms. Its form (a) conidia that are 1-septate and have no dark band over the

septum easily distinguish it from T° stilboidea.

Triadelphia uniseptata (Berk. & Broome) P.M. Kirk,

Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 80: 464. 1983. FIG. 4F

= Sporidesmium uniseptatum Berk. & Broome, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 3, 3: 360. 1859.

= Trichocladium uniseptatum (Berk. & Broome) S. Hughes &

Piroz., Can. J. Bot. 50(12): 2526. 1973 [“1972”].

= Dicoccum apiosporum Sacc., Nuovo G. Bot. Ital. 22: 71. 1915 (Hughes & Pirozynski 1972).

= Polyschema bicellulare Shearer, Mycotaxon 14(1): 91. 1982 (Kirk 1983).

This is another species that develops only one conidial form, form (e),

obovoid, 1-septate, smooth, brown, apical cell much larger than the basal

cell. Triadelphia uniseptata is morphologically similar to T. australiensis

B. Sutton, but differs in its larger conidia, 12.5-16 x 6.5-10.5 um (Kirk 1983).

HABITATS/HOSTs: on dead wood, submerged wood, stems, or twigs;

debris from a tree hollow, on bark of Clematis vitalba L., bark of Melicoccus

bijugatus Jacq., dead bark of Quercus rubra L., cones of Pinus halepensis

Mill., rotting wood of Hedycarya arborea J.R. Forst. & G. Forst., stem of

Rubus plicatus Weihe & Nees, on twigs of Platanus occidentalis L., softwood

label in greenhouse, dust from indoor environments, rain water (Berkeley

& Broome 1859, Hughes & Pirozynski 1973, Kirk 1983, Matsushima 1987,

Révay 1987).

DISTRIBUTION: Canada, Cuba, France, Hong Kong, Hungary, India,

Malta, New Zealand, UK, United States.

Key to species of Triadelphia

1. Conidia-only onefornrandnot-synnematous. 9.2 fss.t feat feat feat Lent Stes 2

1. Conidia pleomorphic (2-5 forms) or synnematous ............. 0... cece eee eee 5

PRSONICIA NBEO PALEes ats wine acd ne esis ean Baas ean eee oe se bess Paes MBAS 3

2. Conidia 2-septate, cylindrical or clavate, smooth, 18-21 x 4.5-8.3 um ... T. corticola

3. Conidia 1-septate near the base, thickened, sometimes constricted at the septum,

ellipsoidal, *to-broadly obovoid; smoothie. cc tga sacs ees nee, ces 4

3. Conidia 1-septate at middle, cylindrical, 12.5-21 x 4-8.5um ...... T. centroseptata

Triadelphia acericola & T. centroseptata spp. nov. ... 741

4 Conidia 8 S-lOkK 415-6 pai 645 oe ak es T. australiensis B. Sutton

te Conical 2.5316 X65 500r5 Ue st tad ak Mek Ane i Mel ne T. uniseptata

SiS VMNCMIG A ROSCRE po nats oars atar hee torte pba ara Sakura Sadenne Sake, webetaie, betel, heB ads 6

Dr SV OGOMNALA ADSI Een fie gc nnet tone ager, melee, gna tempts bon ghee oye CoE onegt a eo ee vA

6. Conidia of 2 forms: one cylindrical and 1-septate; the other seta-like ... T! stilboidea

6. Conidia of 1 form: cylindrical and 1-septate ................... T. synnematofera

7. At least one conidial form is broadly obclavate, fusiform ellipsoidal,

with tblacksalicl atthesepiiacre. AR ie BE PrN PR cs Slt as NEY ee PE sate hae abbey 8

Pe SOU ASA DOVES gat A Anal Male Macal ial AN Metal eat a aR tal Ae AN oe A Anak ie 16

8. Conidia fusiform-ellipsoidal, without acerose end cells ............ T: alabamensis

8. Conidia broadly obclavate or fusiform-ellipsoidal with acerose end cells ......... 9

Oey indrical conidiarabsemt at hat Ase nt Mat eal ee BAe 10

9, Cyhindrical conidigipresents. 2x5 2A cry ears eyes eure res Says bg ln eens 12

10. Conidiophores of two types with 5 conidial forms ........ T. archontophoenicicola

TORINOEAS BD OVE seh Pre te ak SrA N Hr wet aah EL eek Yeas ge h ak baal het ong at. ees 11

11. Conidia fusiform-ellipsoidal, 32-36 x 8-10 um ...............004. T: hungarica

11. Conidia fusiform, 30-42 x 12-18 um... 1. eee eee T: queenslandica

12 Allantondortertitorm-comidia absent 3.688 280 a yet hk ot ee eee te a 13

M2 vAllantoid orton. comidiaspresenit. <2 .' a5 sets See oes ob eh histo ahas 14

13. Cylindrical form (a) conidia 2-septate, apical septum covered

with a dark band, 13.4-15.8 x 4.2-5.4um ........... 0... e eee eee T. acericola

13. Cylindrical form (a) conidia (1-)2-septate without dark band,

pale brown, smooth, 12-16 x 3-4um .... ee eee T. inquinans

14; Clavate-conidiaabsemt:..07tseyed ares woes mbt abe’: whee a what'd whose nb-tls ye! 15

14, Clavate conidia present, cylindrical form (a) conidia 13.7-24 x 4-8 um,

1-2-septate; septa covered with dark 2 um bands, with a colorless base

cell T: diversa

15. (Sub)cylindrical form (a) conidia 1-septate, 5-11 x 2.5-4um ...... T. disseminata

15. Cylindrical form (a) conidia 16.2-19.0 x 3.5-6.0 um, 2-septate, the apical septum

coveredeby a Black bands Wn. nu eh lee hadnt adie hadetna Raden Sade eeeok T: heterospora

fo. Cylindrical fori) tonidia- | -septate Acar ies hha gee ee ee ee 8 17

b6zCylindrical form.(ajsconidia-2-septate: i ..8 Aaa Asctak Anat Anes Bt ee ont oie 18

17. Cylindrical conidia 6.5-14 x 2.5-4 tum; clavate conidia present ....... T. romanica

17. Cylindrical conidia 9-12 x 3-3.5 um; clavate conidia absent ......... T. pulvinata

18. Cylindrical conidia brownish, 9-19 x 3-5 um;

reniform-conidig: l2septate. .1 5.465 .ed-axyeges geo ee ees eee eyes T. loudetiae

18. Cells of the cylindrical conidia differently pigmented, 16-25.6 x 3.2-4.8 um;

reniformi<conitdial-septatec 0080.8 Ae ne ett Ark eet ee es T. morgoensis

742 ... Li & Ye

Discussion

Ranghoo & Hyde (1998) reported that Ascolacicola aquatica had T: uniseptata

as its anamorphic state; however, the conidial size that they reported (6.5-10

x 3.8-6.3 um) corresponds with T. australiensis B. Sutton rather than

T. uniseptata, and Réblova (2013) designated the anamorph as merely

“Triadelphia-like”. Platytrachelon abietis (Réblova) Réblova also develops two

forms of anamorphs morphologically similar to the Triadelphia-like anamorph

of Ascolacicola aquatica (Réblova 2013). Réblova & Seifert analyzed nc28S

sequences of Triadelphia uniseptata from Canada and Platytrachelon abietis; no

close relationship was confirmed, and the molecular data placed T. uniseptata

in the Hypocreomycetidae, Sordariomycetes (Réblova & Seifert unpubl.).

These results suggest that Triadelphia is polyphyletic and its systematic

placement remains unknown. Further phylogenetic studies are necessary.

Acknowledgments

The authors are very thankful to Dr. Rafael F. Castafieda-Ruiz and Dra. Gabriela

Heredia for their critical review of the manuscript. The authors express their great

gratitude to Dr. Rafael E Castafieda-Ruiz for making the line drawings in Figures 2-4

for us. The authors are appreciative to Dr. Agnes Révay (Hungarian Natural History

Museum, Hungary), Dr. Donat Magyar (National Environmental Health Institute,

Hungary), Zhihe Li, (McGill University, Canada), and Yale University Library for their

assistance in obtaining literature otherwise not available to the authors. The authors

are very grateful to Dr. James A. LaMondia (The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment

Station) for his pre-submission review, Dr. Lorelei Norvell for her editorial review, and

Dr. Shaun Pennycook for his nomenclatural review.

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MY COTAXON

October-December 2017— Volume 132, pp. 745-757

https://doi.org/10.5248/132.745

Glischroderma Fuckel

GREGOIRE L. HENNEBERT

Rue de l’Elevage 32, B 1340 Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

CORRESPONDENCE TO: hennebertg@scarlet.be

ABSTRACT—Glischroderma and its type species G. cinctum are redescribed and illustrated

with respect to their original description. Subsequent collections of the species show

significant divergences, possibly distinct species, which should be investigated from fresh

material. American collections referred by Korf to Glischroderma based on the presence of

gel and similar conidiogenesis are shown to be distinct from Glischroderma in a number of

characters, and a 1999 phylogenetic study has related that anamorph to Pachyphlodes pfisteri.

Glischroderma is also distinguished from Ostracoderma by decisive characters.

Keyworps—Chromelosporium, Lycoperdellon, peridium, Pezizales, pore

Introduction

In 1973, when describing the Botrytis and Botrytis-like genera of conidial

fungi, Hennebert included Ostracoderma Fr. and Glischroderma Fuckel;

both supposedly produced dichotomously branched Chromelosporium-

like conidiogenous hyphae producing abundant one-celled simultaneous

conidia on denticles, but contained inside a peridium similar to the

peridium of some gasteromycetes, such as Lycoperdon. ‘The interpretation

of Ostracoderma by Juel (1920) and Hughes (1953, 1958) was corrected by

transferring the non-peridiate species to Chromelosporium Corda, with

Ostracoderma |ostracos = shell] remaining monotypic with the peridiate O.

pulvinatum Fr. originally classified by Fries in the Trichodermataceae, close to

the hyphomycetes. Although no type material is available for Ostracoderma

pulvinatum, Hennebert (1973) regarded the peridiate genus Lycoperdellon

Torrend as a possible synonym. The genus Glischroderma was kept separate

746 ... Hennebert

for taxa with verrucose spores, absent in Lycoperdellon, a character ignored

by both Fries and Fuckel but noted by Rea (1913).

In 1994 Richard P. Korf and his mycology class collected a specimen

in the valley of Lost Lodge in New York State referred to Glischroderma

based on its abundant gel [glischros = viscous] and Chromelosporium-like

conidiogenesis; a study of the collection was initiated shortly thereafter but

unfortunately interrupted for a long time. My study of the Korf collections

preserved in CUP herbarium, here presented with reference to the type

material of Glischroderma cinctum from herb. G, is dedicated to Korf’s

memory.

Materials & methods

This study is based on the examination of herbarium specimens from the herbaria of

the Botanical Garden of Geneve, Switzerland (G); of the Department of Plant Pathology,

Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA (CUP); and of the Botanic Garden, Meisse, Belgium

(B). A 1960 Olympus FH microscope with positive low phase contrast objectives was

used for the microscopic examinations.

Taxonomy

Glischroderma Fuckel, Jahrb. Nassauischen Vereins Naturk. 23-24: 34, 1870.

ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION: Peridium hemisphaericum, tenax, persistens, demum [at

length] in centro irregulariter fissum, e floccis tenuissimis contextum, furfuraceo-

villosum, basi mycelio tenuissimo cinctum, sporidiis concervatis, minutissimis,

globosis, floccis destitutis [lacking hyphae] repletum.

Obs. Peridium in statu juvenili siccum, album, contextu fibroso, dein in centro

ampliatum [enlarged, extended], argillaceum, annulo albo e peridio juvenili represso

orto [born limited from the young peridium] circumdatum.

TYPE SPECIES: Glischroderma cinctum Fuckel

Glischroderma cinctum Fuckel, Jahrb. Nassauischen Vereins Naturk. 23-24: 35,

1870 PLATES 1, 2, 3B,C, 4B, 5A

ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION: 1. G. cinctum Fuck. Eh. 162. —- Peridio hemisphaerico, usque

ad semiunciam diametro transversali, argillaceo, cum annulo albo fibroso cincto, ore

destituto [lacking a pore], sed demum irregulariter in centro fisso, sporidiis globosis,

uniguttulatis, ca. 4 Mikr. diam., argillaceo-rubellis. Tab. I. Fig. 18 a. Fung. Nat.magn. b.

Sporid. [see PLATE 2A]

Ad verlassenen Kohlerstellen an Kohlenstiickchen, sehr selten, im Herbst. Unweit

der Arnsbacher Briicke, im Winkler Wald.

EryMoLoey; Greek glischros = Latin tenax = viscous, sticky, adherent, gripping.

CONIDIOMA peridiate, hemispherical, pulvinate, not constricted at the

base when mature, <9 mm diam. as dried, larger when fresh and mature

Glischroderma Fuckel ... 747

(‘ampliatum”), arising from a limited (“represso”) subiculum adherent to the

charcoal substrate.

SUBICULUM white, giving rise to the young fruitbody (Fuckel) and exceeding

by 1-2 mm the rind of the mature peridium, made of a network of hyaline

septate branched hyphae, 3.5-5.5 um diam., here and there up to 12 um diam.

PERIDIUM persistent but fragile and easily fissured, with no central pore

(“ore destituto”), ocher-grey to argillaceous brown in color as dried, externally

comprising densely interwoven sinuous, septate, hyaline hyphae, and internally

comprising a lacunar network of right- or broadly angled branched septate

hyaline hyphae, 3.5-5.5 um diam. Peridium at first dry when young (Fuckel),

becoming later sticky (“tenax”) or glutinous. According to Fuckel, the peridium

dehisces through an irregular split at the center (“irregulariter in centro fisso”)

with no central pore observed.

CONIDIOGENOUS HYPHAE internal, hyaline, septate, 2-6 um diam., seen as

small collapsed pieces on the dried material. The agglutination of the conidia

around pieces of hyphae (a few bearing denticles) on the microscopic slide

and the regular size of the conidia suggest a conidiogenesis similar to that of

Chromelosporium on irregular repeatedly bifurcate, coralloid, branched hyphae

that produce very abundant conidia borne more or less simultaneously on

minute denticles remaining visible all along the hypha, after which the hyphae

collapse and almost disappear (“floccis destitutis”).

ConipiA holoblastic, globose, 3.5-4.2 um diam., hyaline, pale yellow cream

in mass, often sticking together as initially produced, the wall 0.5 um thick and

minutely verrucose.

HOLOTYPE SPECIMEN EXAMINED: Fuckel, Fungi rhenani 162, 1763 labelled by Fuckel:

«N°162 Nassau’s FLora - Glischroderma cinctum Fuckel - Natiirl. Standort: ad carboner

- Fundort: Oestrika Wald - Erscheint: Aut. (scripsit Fuckel) - LEopOLD FUCKEL» [PLATE

1A]. On an old fireplace on debris of charcoal, very rare, in autumn, near the bridge over

the Arnsbach, in the Winkler Forest, (near Oestrich, Germany). Overlabeled in 1894

when incorporated into the Herbier Barbey-Boissier «Ostracoderma pulvinatum Fr (?)

Peridium in stadio juvenili siccum, album, contextu fibrilloso, dein in centro ampliatum,

tenuissimum, glabrum, argillaceum, cum annulo albo, e peridio juvenili represso orto,

circumdatum. In sylvarum locis adustis, rarissime. Autumno. In sylva Hostrichiensi.»

[PLATE 1c], a conflation of Fuckel’s separate published generic and specific descriptions

of Glischroderma cinctum (in herb. G). The holotype specimen consists of fifty fruit

bodies from 1.5 to 9 mm in diam., glued on a piece of cardboard from loose original

material in charcoal debris and recently overwritten «Herbier (G), Fungi rhenani 162,

Ostracoderma pulvinatum Fr.» [PLATE 1B]. A small envelope containing charcoal debris

and small pieces of the fungus is included.

CoMMENTS— The schema by Hennebert (1973, fig. 10) illustrating the fruit

body of Glischroderma cinctum is misleading in that it reflects the more or

748 ... Hennebert

y ‘ Mee

WASSAU’S F! FLORA. ;

f AP Be pA ar V4

Natirl. Standort: #< er hans, ~

Pendort: Coote Yok’

“Brseheint: fc f

Leopold Fuckel.

Wie

PLATE 1. A-C. Glischroderma cinctum type material (in herb. G).

Glischroderma Fuckel ... 749

PLATE 2. Glischroderma cinctum: A. Fuckel (1870, Plate 1, fig. 18): a. the fruit body, b. the spores;

B-D fruit bodies of the type material, two in side view (showing the flattened position on a cushion

of white mycelium on the black charcoal substrate) and five in top view (showing some extension

of the white subiculum and absence of a pore in the peridium).

750 ... Hennebert

less pedunculate fruitbody as drawn by Malencon (1964, fig. 1.D) for a more

mature fruitbody instead of the “broadly sessile” fruit body sitting on a limited

white hyphal subiculum noted by Fuckel (1870) and Rea (1913).

Another divergence from Fuckel in Hennebert’s (1973) schema is the

presence of a “well defined central pore” based on the Rea (1913) and Malencon

(1964) interpretations of Glischroderma cinctum; Fuckel denied the presence of

a pore.

Glischroderma aff. cinctum PLATES 3A, 5B

Differs from Glischroderma cinctum by: (1) the dehiscence developing from a central

darker circular zone, scarcely conspicuous, that delimits a star-shape splitting of the

peridial wall to form the lips of a central pore; (2) the hyphal structure of the peridium

seen in siccum lacking the compacted hyphal surface observed in the type of G. cinctum

(PLATE 3B).

PERIDIUM made of a lacunar (crisscross) network of hyphae similar to the

peridium internal context of the G. cinctum type specimen. SUBICULUM

hyphae 3.5-6 um diam., septate, loosely interwoven, branched at broad

or right angles, sometimes at opposite sides and enlarged up to 12 um at

branching. CONIDIOGENOUS HYPHAE are 6-8 um diam., branching more

or less dichotomously or coralloid, producing conidia on conspicuous

denticles all along their side. A Chromelosporium-like conidiogenesis

is deduced of the typical branched agglutination of conidia on pieces of

collapsed the hyphae. Conipia are holoblastic, globose, 3.5-—4.2 um diam.,

the walls thin and minutely verrucose showing 4 to 6 warts in cross section,

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: BELGIUM, St. HuBErtTus Forest, Baconfoy: as Catastoma

circumscissum Berk. & M.A. on burnt ground between mosses under Abies excelsa [=

Picea abies], Oct. 1912, Herb. E. Bommer & M. Rousseau, in herb. B, redetermined as

Glischroderma cinctum by V. Demoulin, 1966.

CoOMMENTS—Malencon (1964) describes the formation of the central pore as

observed in the above specimen. Fuckel describes his species as “ore destituto,

sed demum irregulariter in centro fisso’, lacking any apical pore but splitting

irregularly in the center. None of the fruit bodies in the G. cinctum type material

shows such a pore or darkened circular center that could become a pore at the

center of the peridium. The stickiness of the peridium described by Fuckel as

‘tenax’ has been observed only by C. Rea on fresh collections in England, but

not by G. Malencon in Morocco. Would that observation or the character itself

be circumstantial?

Glischroderma Fuckel ... 751

pe B Bee C

PLATE 3. A. Glischroderma aff. cinctum (herb. B, coll. M. Rousseau in Belgium) showing central

apical pore; B, C. Glischroderma cinctum (type): hyphal structure of the peridium, the context (B)

and the compact surface (C) not observed in G. aff. cinctum. (Scale bars: B, C = 5 um)

Glischroderma aft. cinctum might representa second species of Glischroderma.

This possibility should be investigated from fresh collections and their DNA

analysis.

752 ... Hennebert

Pachyphlodes pfisteri Tocci, M.E. Smith & Healy, Ascomycete.org. 7(6): 360, 2015.

ANAMORPH (MITOSPORIC STATE) PLATES 4A,C, 5C

MYCELIAL MAT not peridiate, flat, irregularly extended, <3.5 cm diam., not

constricted at the edge, appressed at the substrate, entirely or partially covered

of a translucent glutinous liquid gel.

MyceELium white, a net of loosely interwoven broad hyphae, 5.3-8.5 um,

(often <17.5 um) wide, generally straight, branching at wide or right angles,

septate, often fasciculate (synnematous) up to 20 mutually anastomosing

hyphae, the fascicles of hyphae becoming erect, sporulating along their side,

bending in the superficial gel layer, when drying forming a translucent shiny and

somewhat rose orange pellicle or membrane, persistent and brittle, enclosing

superficial loose and fasciculate hyphae and covering the entire surface or only

a part of the hyphal mat.

CONIDIOGENOUS HYPHAE hyaline, septate, most often arising from the side

of erect fasciculate hyphae (synnemata) branching at right angles repeatedly and

shortly, branches soon bifurcating in a very irregular dichotomous or coralloid

way, branches covered at maturity all along their length with abundant conidia

born more or less simultaneously on minute 1 um long denticles that remain

visible of the hyphal cell after release of the conidia.

CONIDIA (mitospores) holoblastic, globose, hyaline, white to pale yellow

in mass, 4.2-6.5(-8) um diam., with a wall 0.5 um thick and conspicuously

verrucose all over.

Ho.otype: FH (MES-306); reference sequence, GenBank JN102474 (Healy et al. 2015).

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: USA, NEw York STATE: Alpine, at the north end of Lost

Gorge (Hendershot Gulf), (1) CUP 62646, as Glischroderma cinctum Fckl. (in Korf’s

handwritten notes Glischroderma ?cinctum) on decaying wet leaves col. Mycology 319

Class, id. R.P. Korf, 14.1X.1994, (2) CUP 63540, as Glischroderma americanum, on rotten

wood of birch, col. J. Haudenshield, id. RPK, 20.IX.1995, (3) CUP 63647, on wet leaves,

col. RPK, Lizon et al. id. RPK, 19.VIII.1997. Ithaca, Coy Glen, (4) south slope nr Elm

St, CUP 62652, on soil, leaves, enmeshing debris, col. P. Lizon, id. RPK 12.X.1994, (5)

CUP 62653, on mossy log. col. P. Mullin, id. RPK, 12.X.1994 (one fruit body 13x25 mm),

(6) CUP 62654, idem as CUP 62653. Malloryville, Eames Bog, (7) % way up north

slope, CUP 62650, as Glischroderma n. sp., on leaves, col. id. RPK, 5.X.1994. GenBank

sequence of anamorph AF133160 (Norman & Egger 1999), (8) %4 way up north slope,

CUP 62651, as Glischroderma n. sp., on leaves, twigs, pieces of bark and base of ferns,

col. KT. Hodges, id. RPK, 5.X.1994 [PLATE 4A] sequenced AF133160 by Norman &

Egger (1999). (9) CUP 63648, on wet wood, col. RPK, Lizon et al., id. RPK, 19.VHI.1997.

(10) CUP 63695, on duff, col., id. RPK, 16.[X.1998. [All specimens, (8) excepted, were

annotated by Rosanne Healy (8.VIII.2013) as having spores and hyphae similar to

Pachyphlodes (thyselli)-mitospore mat.]

Glischroderma Fuckel ... 753

Piate 4. A. Pachyphlodes pfisteri (CUP 62651): epigeous anamorph of the truffle, coll. K.J. Hodges

& R.P. Korf, NY State, USA; B. Glischroderma cinctum (type): conidia; C. Pachyphlodes pfisteri

(type): conidia. (Scale bars: B, C = 5 um)

CoMMENTS—Pachyphlodes pfisteri differs from Glischroderma cinctum, as Korf

noted, by the natural substrate being not charcoal but rotting leaves, bark, and

754 ... Hennebert

PiateE 5. A Glischroderma cinctum (type): branched hyphae, collapsed conidiogenous hypha with

denticles, and conidia; B Glischroderma aff. cinctum (herb. Rousseau): conidiogenous hyphae and

conidia. C. Pachyphlodes pfisteri (CUP 62646-62651, mitosporic state): conidiogenous synnema,

conidiogenous hyphae, and conidia. (Scale bars = 10 um)

twigs under beech or oak, mosses, or fern. Beyond its microscopic similarity

in Chromelosporium-like conidiogenesis and verrucose conidia, the species

might remind of Glischroderma by the gel encrusting the superficial hyphae

into a translucent membrane suggesting a peridium. That membrane should

not be called a peridium, an ontogenically distinct structure of hyphae born

with and covering the entire fertile body (peri = all around); the ontogeny of

the gel membrane distinguishes it from Glischroderma. For that reason, I do

Glischroderma Fuckel ... 755

not classify the Pachyphlodes pfisteri anamorph in Glischroderma, the name

adopted by Korf (1994) and in CUP.

With its conidiogenous synnemata, P pfisteri appears more closely related to

the European Chromelosporium terreste (Fr.) M.B. Ellis.

Healy et al. (2015) published an illustrated description of the epigeous

mitosporic mats of Pachyphlodes pfisteri. Another collection is illustrated here

(Plate 4A, C).

Cultures, attempted by Korf, of broad hyphae on streptomycin CMA on

22 September 1994, grew rapidly, up to 2.5 cm in 10 days (Korf, handwritten

notes). Conidia showed no sign of germination, as in some Chromelosporium

species. For that reason, Healy et al. (2015) suggested that they might function

as spermatia, germinating only in fertilizing ectomycorrhizal hypogeous

hyphae.

The fresh collection of CUP material submitted by Korf for DNA analysis

and published by Norman & Egger (1999), demonstrated a strong support for

monophyly within Pachyphloeus and the Scabropezia clade in the Pezizaceae.

This support was confirmed by Hansen et al. (2001), Tedersoo et al. (2006) and

Leessoe & Hansen (2007). A refined phylogenetic study by Healy et al. (2013)

of all known and undescribed taxa of Pachyphloeus Tul. & C. Tul., nom. illeg.

[= Pachyphlodes Zobel] revealed the existence of 18 new taxa, two of which

were fully described by Healy et al. (2015) as new species, Pachyphlodes pfisteri

from North America and P nemoralis from Europe.

Discussion

The classification of Glischroderma and Ostracoderma near Chromelosporium

by Hennebert (1973) was based on the Malencon (1964) description of

a Moroccan collection of Glischroderma. That observation on the genus

Glischroderma incited Hennebert, also influenced by Juel (1920), to refer

it to Ostracoderma and to synonymize Lycoperdellon, as no type existed for

Ostracoderma pulvinatum and none of the terms of the original description

suggested such interpretation.

Comparison of the original Latin descriptions (TaBLE 1) clarifies the diagnosis.

The only characters distinguishing Glischroderma from Ostracoderma are the

circular hyphal subiculum and the viscosity of the mature fruit body, which

justify the generic name and specific epithet (cinctum). The stickiness of fresh

material observed by Fuckel was not seen by Fries.

Dried and with no traces of viscosity, the type material of Glischroderma

cinctum could easily be identified as Ostracoderma pulvinatum, as has been

done in herb. G, when no attention is drawn to the white circular subiculum

756 ... Hennebert

TABLE 1. Comparative descriptions of Ostracoderma and Glischroderma

Ostracoderma Fr. 1825 Glischroderma Fuckel 1870

Type: Ostracoderma pulvinatum Fr. 1829 Type: Glischroderma cinctum Fuckel 1870

PERIDIUM

Rotundatum, rotundato-hemisphaericum hemisphaericum

crustaceum, crustosum persistens

— in juvenili siccum, [deinde glutinosum]

= tenax,

glabrum, laeve, minime villosum furfuraceo-villosum, e floccis tenuissimis contextum

fragile, fragillissimum in centro irregulariter fissum

in medio fatiscens, collabens, evanescens dein in centro ampliatum, ore destituto

albidum albidum, dein argillaceum

tenue, tenuissimum, % unc. semi unciam diametro

basi mycelio tenuissime cinctum, cum annulo albo

thallus nullus conspicuus ; : Thome nigh

fribroso cinctum, e peridio juvenili represso orto

SPORIDIA

coacervata, laxa, laxe coacervata coacervata

floccis nullis intertexta floccis destitutis

globosa globosa; uniguttulata

argillacea argillaceo-rubellis

minuta minutissima, ca. 4 Mik. diam.

(apparently denied by Fries’s words “thallus nullus conspicuus”).

The words ‘fatiscens, ‘collabens; ‘evanescens’ suggest that Fries observed the

fungus living. Such observation does not match either any central irregular

splitting in Glischroderma cinctum and in Lycoperdellon torrendii (Bres.)

Torrend or any central star-shaped opening to form a pore in Glischroderma aff.

cinctum. In light of these reflections, Ostracoderma remains a mystery and the

earlier proposed synonymy of Lycoperdellon with Ostracoderma (Hennebert

1973) should be regarded now as tentative and even doubtful.

Acknowledgements

My gratitude is to Richard P. (Dick) Korf for his constant

friendship, guidance, and support during 44 professional

years and later. I met Dick for the first time in Ottawa in

1960. He invited us, Lidwina and me, to his home along the

Lake in Ithaca, in the summer 1961. At his door, when we

arrived, we found the message “Welcome, come in, the house

is yours, we come very soon, Dick.’ Surprising! In September

1969, we discussed days and nights the nomenclature of the

pleomorphic fungi for the Kananaskis First Conference,

about my distinction between botanical and anatomical

nomenclature. I was greatly honored when, as Fulbright

Scholar in 1972-73, he chose to stay with us at the University of Louvain. From our joint

wishes exchanged between September 2 and December 10, 1973 in Ithaca, MycoTAXON

Glischroderma Fuckel ... 757

was planned and then born in September 1974. And so our working friendship

continued. Many thanks to You, Dick!

I am also grateful to Dr Philippe Clerc of the Herbarium (G), and to herbarium

curators Dr Scott LaGreca (CUP) and Dr A. Bogaerts (B). My sincere thanks are for

Prof. Dr Rosanne Healy (University of Florida) and Prof. Dr Kathie Hodges (Cornell

University) for their collaboration and the scientific revision of the manuscript. The help

of Dr Cony Decock of MUCL, and of Dr Lorelei Norvell and Dr Shaun Pennycook of

MycotTaxon is also warmly acknowledged.

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https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01678.x

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October-December 2017— Volume 132, pp. 759-766

https://doi.org/10.5248/132.759

Ellismarsporium gen. nov. and Stanhughesiella gen. nov.

to accommodate atypical Helminthosporium and

Corynesporella species

RAFAEL F. CASTANEDA-Ru1z'*, DE-WEI L1I*“, XtU-GUO ZHANG‘,

BRYCE KENDRICK®, BEATRIZ RAMOS-GARCIA‘, SIMON PEREZ-MARTINEZ*

& DAYNET SOSA°7

' Instituto de Investigaciones Fundamentales en Agricultura Tropical (INIFAT),

Alejandro de Humboldt, Académico Titular de la Academia de Ciencias de Cuba,

Calle 1 Esq. 2, Santiago de Las Vegas, C. Habana, Cuba, C.P. 17200

? The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station,

Valley Laboratory, 153 Cook Hill Road, Windsor, CT 06095, USA

> Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China,

Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China

‘Department of Plant Pathology, Shandong Agricultural University,

Taian, Shandong 271018, China

° Mycologue, 8727 Lochside Drive, Sidney, BC V8L 1M8, Canada

° Universidad Estatal de Milagro (UNEMI), Facultat de Ingenieria,

Milagro, Guayas, Ecuador

” Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, CIBE,

Km 30.5, Via Perimetral, Guayaquil, Ecuador

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: rfcastanedaruiz@gmail.com

ABSTRACT— Two new genera are proposed: Ellismarsporium for species of Helminthosporium

and Corynesporella that have catenate conidia and polytretic conidiogenous cells, and

Stanhughesiella for a species of Helminthosporium with dictyoseptate conidia. Descriptions

and illustrations are provided.

KEY WORDS—asexual ascomycota, hyphomycetes, taxonomy, tropical fungi

Introduction

Helminthosporium Link, typified by H. velutinum Link, is characterized

by macronematous, unbranched, erect conidiophores. The conidiogenous

760 ... Castaftieda-Ruiz & al.

cells are polytretic, integrated, terminal and intercalary, determinate, with the

conidiogenous loci at the apex and laterally below the septa. The conidia are

solitary, obclavate to cylindrical-obclavate, distoseptate, sometimes rostrate,

smooth, subhyaline to olivaceous brown, usually with an evident dark brown

or brown basal scar.

Helminthosporium dictyoseptatum produces dictyoseptate conidia in

polytretic conidiogenous cells (Hughes 1980). For this species, clearly

separated from the Helminthosporium generic concept, we propose the new

genus, Stanhughesiella.

Several other species with the same conidial ontogeny but producing

blastocatenate conidia have been included in Helminthosporium (Bhat & Sutton

1985, Castaneda-Ruiz & Kendrick 1991, Ellis 1961, Matsushima 1975, Sutton

1993), requiring an expanded generic concept. A similar situation is found in

Corynesporella Munjal & H.S. Gill [typified by C. urticae Munjal & HLS. Gill

(Munjal & Gill, 1961)], which is diagnosed by macronematous conidiophores

and monotretic, terminal or discrete conidiogenous cells that produce

solitary or short catenate, distoseptate, subhyaline or pale brown conidia. In

contrast, Corynesporella pinarensis and C. simpliphora are characterized by

unbranched conidiophores and polytretic, integrated, intercalary and terminal

conidiogenous cells that produce catenate distoseptate conidia (Castaneda-

Ruiz 1985, Matsushima 1993)—characters that deviate from the Corynesporella

generic concept. Consequently, we propose the new genus Ellismarsporium to

accommodate these atypical Helminthosporium and Corynesporella species.

Taxonomy

Ellismarsporium R.F. Castafieda & X.G. Zhang, gen. nov.

MycoBank MB 807603

Differs from Helminthosporium by its acropetal, unbranched or branched chains

of conidia and from Corynesporella by unbranched conidiophores and polytretic

conidiogenous cells.

TYPE sPECIES: Helminthosporium hypselodelphyos M.B. Ellis [= Ellismarsporium

hypselodelphyos (M.B. Ellis) R.E. Castafieda & X.G. Zhang]

EryMo_oey: Latin, Ellismar-sporium, named in honor to Martin Beazor Ellis, (United

Kingdom) for his contribution to the study of hyphomycetes + -sporium, referring to

the conidia.

CoLonliEs effuse, hairy, dark. Mycelium mostly immersed. CONIDIOPHORES

distinct, single, unbranched, straight or flexuous, cylindrical or subulate, mid

to very dark brown, smooth or verruculose. CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS polytretic,

integrated, terminal and intercalary, determinate, cylindrical. CONIDIOGENOUS

New genera: Ellismarsporium & Stanhughesiella ... 761

Fic. 1. Ellismarsporium species: conidiogenous cells and conidia. A. E. hypselodelphyos (Ellis

1961); B. E. catenatum (Matsushima 1975); C. E. parvum (Castafeda-Ruiz & Kendrick 1991);

D. E. pinarense (Castaneda-Ruiz 1985). Scale bars: A, C, D = 10 um; B = 20 um. Redrawn by R.E

Castaneda-Ruiz.

762 ... Castafieda-Ruiz & al.

Fic. 2. Ellismarsporium species: conidiogenous cells and conidia. A. E. senseletii (Bhat & Sutton

1985); B. E. simpliphorum (Matsushima 1993); C. E. zombaense (Sutton 1993). Scale bars:

A, B = 10 um; C = 20 um. Redrawn by R.F. Castafieda-Ruiz.

New genera: Ellismarsporium e& Stanhughesiella ... 763

LOCI pores near septa. Conip1a blastocatenulate, acropleurogenous, obclavate,

cylindrical, ellipsoid to oblong, distoseptate, pale brown to brown, smooth or

verruculose, sometimes with a dark brown or black scar at the ends.

Ellismarsporium hypselodelphyos (M.B. Ellis) R.F. Castafieda & X.G. Zhang,

comb. nov. Fic. 1A

MycoBank MB 807604

= Helminthosporium hypselodelphyos M.B. Ellis, Mycol. Pap. 82: 18 (1961).

Ellismarsporium catenatum (Matsush.) R.F. Castafieda & X.G. Zhang,

comb. nov. Fic. 1B

MycoBank MB 807605

= Helminthosporium catenatum Matsush., Icon. Microfung. Matsush. Lect.: 83 (1975).

Ellismarsporium parvum R.F. Castafieda & W.B. Kendr., nom. nov. Fig. 1C

MycoBank MB 807606

= Helminthosporium parvum R.E. Castafieda & W.B. Kendr., Univ.

Waterloo Biol. Ser. 35: 57 (1991), nom. illeg. (non Grove 1886).

Ellismarsporium pinarense (R.F. Castafieda) R.F. Castafieda & X.G. Zhang,

comb. nov. Fic. 1D

MycoBank MB 807607

= Corynesporella pinarensis R.F. Castafieda, Deuteromyc. Cuba, Hyphomyc. 3: 12 (1985).

Ellismarsporium senseletii (Bhat & B. Sutton) R.F. Castafieda & X.G. Zhang,

comb. nov. Fic. 2A

MycoBank MB 807608

= Helminthosporium senseletii Bhat & B. Sutton, Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 85: 119 (1985).

Ellismarsporium simpliphorum (Matsush.) R.F. Castafieda & X.G. Zhang,

comb. nov. Fic. 2B

MycoBank MB 807609

= Corynesporella simpliphora Matsush., Matsush. Mycol. Mem. 7: 47 (1993).

Ellismarsporium zombaense (B. Sutton) R.F. Castafieda & X.G. Zhang,

comb. nov. Fre. 2€

MycoBank MB 807610

= Helminthosporium zombaense B. Sutton, Mycol. Pap. 167: 32 (1993).

Key to Ellismarsporium species

f OnIdta NOtINOLe than S-GastOSep tate fake A at edctat oat Alaeeat Set ek Bs 2.

LAC onidia more that s-distosepiate ee yal Melk hPa iar pele i daeh pri teeh pits 3

2. Conidia 1-2-distoseptate, cylindrical-ellipsoidal to oblong, slightly constricted

at the middle, smooth, brown, 12-27 x 7-12 um ...............-.. E. parvum

2. Conidia 1-3-distoseptate, fusiform, clavate or oblong, smooth,

pale olivaceous brown, 15-28 x 6.5-8 um .............004. E. hypselodelphyos

764. ... Castafieda-Ruiz & al.

3-Conidia normore than. 6-distoseptate...-.45. 0.55 i621 ws tate eet wns ete ee, a

3.Conidia more that 6=distoseptate’ s+ cess v sews enue een nw OR Oe aS ede bee 6

4, Conidia 1-5-distoseptate, obclavate, smooth, brown to olivaceous brown,

ZS TOPE Seah PDS Beacon ard Ware ne, andes tes tetera conn Pa haere ate 0h E. pinarense

4) Conidianotas above <2 05 h0c bl kuch) hee La eee hse) woe) eevee ween donned erly 5

5. Conidia 0-6-distoseptate, cylindrical to fusiform to obclavate,

slightly constricted at the septa, smooth, mid brown, curved,

OSD SCSI ge. ds aoa c-ngtans api tas-apticne atic extyety a bong erence ® E. senseletii

5. Conidia 2-6-distoseptate, obclavate, curved, smooth, pale olivaceous,

| fears (Obes ci biaete MS UF WR is BRA CR ni A dh By Aes RAE Str SAL ROSE PENCE RL AE E. catenatum

6. Conidia 1-7-distoseptate, obclavate to cylindrical, or long oblong,

curved, pale olivaceous, with brown scar at the ends,

NS OP Armee O QUIT ciate, cues aye cet gettin on gs i0-6--a ga cece ni alias E. simpliphorum

6. Conidia 3—5(-10)-distoseptate, obclavate, smooth, subhyaline,

with a dark brown basal scar, 26-50(-74) x 7.5-9.5 um ......... E. zombaense

ComMENTs: Helminthosporium velutinum, H. dalbergiae, and H. magnisporum

were found phylogenetically associated with the family Massarinaceae by

Tanaka et al. (2015), but no molecular data were found on the seven proposed

Ellismarsporium species; further molecular study is necessary in order to

establish their phylogeny.

Stanhughesiella R.F. Castaftieda & D.W. Li, gen. nov.

MycoBAank MB 807614

Differs from Helminthosporium by its dictyoseptate conidia.

TYPE SPECIES: Helminthosporium dictyoseptatum S. Hughes

[= Stanhughesiella dictyoseptata (S. Hughes) R.F. Castaneda & D.W. Li]

ErymMo.oey: Latin, Stanhughesiella, described in honor to Stanley J. Hughes

(Canada) for his contribution to the studies of the hyphomycetes.

CoLonliEs effuse, hairy, dark. Mycelium mostly immersed. CONIDIOPHORES

distinct, single, unbranched, straight or flexuous, septate, cylindrical or clavate,

mid to very dark brown, smooth or verruculose. CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS

polytretic, integrated, terminal and intercalary, determinate. Conrp1a solitary,

acropleurogenous, simple, obclavate, cylindrical to ellipsoid, dictyoseptate,

pale brown to dark brown, smooth, sometimes with a dark brown or black scar

at the base.

Stanhughesiella dictyoseptata (S. Hughes) R.E. Castafieda & D.W. Li,

comb. nov. FIG. 3

MycoBank MB 807615

= Helminthosporium dictyoseptatum S. Hughes, New Zealand J. Bot. 18: 69 (1980).

New genera: Ellismarsporium e& Stanhughesiella ... 765

Fic. 3. Stanhughesiella dictyoseptata: conidiogenous cells and conidia (Hughes 1980).

Scale bar = 10 um. Redrawn by R.F. Castafeda-Ruiz.

ComMENTSs: Briansuttonia R.F. Castafieda et al., Embellisia E.G. Simmons,

Gibbago E.G. Simmons, and Ulocladium Preuss (Seifert et al. 2011)

are superficially similar to Stanhughesiella, but those four genera have

766 ... Castafieda-Ruiz & al.

cicatrized conidiogenous loci and some produce conidia in acropetal chains.

Stanhughesiella also resembles Stemphylium Wallr. (Seifert et al. 2011), which

is distinguished by monoblastic conidiogenous cells with a distinct cupulate

cicatrized scar that develops after several enteroblastic percurrent regenerations.

Acknowledgments

We are indebted to Dr. Josiane S. Monteiro and Dr. Gabriela Heredia for critical

review. RFCR and BRG are grateful to Organizacion Superior de Direccién Empresarial

Grupo Agricola (OSDE) from Cuban Ministry of Agriculture and Programa de Salud

Animal y Vegetal (project P131LH003033). Dr. Lorelei L. Norvell’s editorial review and

Dr. Shaun Pennycook’s nomenclature review are greatly appreciated.

Literature cited

Bhat DJ, Sutton BC. 1985. New or interesting hyphomycetes from Ethiopia. Transactions of the

British Mycological Society 85: 107-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-1536(85)80160-1

Castaneda-Ruiz RE 1985. Deuteromycotina de Cuba, Hyphomycetes. HI. La Habana. 42 p.

Castafieda-Ruiz RE, Kendrick B. 1991. Ninety-nine conidial fungi from Cuba and three from

Canada: II. University of Waterloo Biology Series 35. 132 p.

Ellis MB. 1961. Dematiaceous hyphomycetes III. Mycological papers 82. 55 p.

Hughes S.J. 1980. New Zealand Fungi. 27. New species of Guedea, Hadrosporium, and

Helminthosporium. New Zealand Journal of Botany 2: 65-72.

https://doi.org/10.1080/0028825X.1980.10427233

Matsushima T. 1975. Icones microfungorum a Matsushima lectorum. Kobe. 209 p.

Matsushima, T. 1993. Matsushima Mycological Memoirs 7. 141 p.

Munjal RL, Gill HS. 1961. Corynesporella, a new genus of hyphomycetes. Indian Phytopathology

14: 6-9.

Seifert K, Morgan-Jones G, Gams W, Kendrick B. 2011. The genera of hyphomycetes. CBS

Biodiversity Series 9. 997 p.

Sutton BC. 1993. Mitosporic fungi from Malawi. Mycological Papers 167. 93 p.

Tanaka K, Hirayama K, Yonezawa H, Sato G, Toriyabe A, Kudo H, Hashimoto A, Matsumura

M, Harada Y, Kurihara Y, Shirouzu T. Hosoya T. 2015. Revision of the Massarineae

(Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes). Studies in Mycology 82: 75-136.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2015.10.002

MY COTAXON

October-December 2017— Volume 132, pp. 767-773

https://doi.org/10.5248/132.767

Endophragmiella jiulingensis sp. nov.

and two new records from China

Hao-Hua Lr, Kat ZHANG’, CHUN-LING YANG’,

JI-WEN XIA* & XIU-GUO ZHANG'*

' Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases & Insect Pests,

Department of Plant Pathology, Shandong Agricultural University,

Taian, 271018, China

? Department of Landscaping, Shandong Yingcai University,

Jinan, 250104, China

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: sdau613@163.com, zhxg@sdau.edu.cn

ABSTRACT—A new species, collected on dead branches of an unidentified broadleaf tree from

southern China, is described and illustrated. Endophragmiella jiulingensis is distinguished by

branched conidiophores producing cylindrical, smooth, 0-septate, 6-8 x 4.5-5.3 um conidia.

Botryomonilia scheeleae and Camposporium ramosum are newly recorded from China.

KEY worDs—anamorphic fungi, taxonomy

Introduction

The genus Endophragmiella was erected by Sutton (1973) for two species,

E. pallescens B. Sutton, the type species, and E. canadensis (Ellis & Everh.)

B. Sutton. Subsequently, the genus was emended by Hughes (1979), who gave a

very detailed account of conidiogenesis and generic concepts. Endophragmiella

is mainly characterized by solitary acrogenous conidia seceding rhexolytically

from monoblastic, integrated, terminal, determinate or percurrently extending

conidiogenous cells (Sutton 1973, Ellis 1976, Hughes 1979, Wu & Zhuang 2005).

At present, over 90 species are accepted in the genus (Ma et al. 2011, Ren et al.

2011, MycoBank 2017). All species within Endophragmiella are distinguished

primarily by morphological differences in conidial characteristics, such as

shape, size, pigmentation, septation, and presence or absence of a rostrum at

the apex (Sutton 1973, Ellis 1976, Hughes 1979, Wu & Zhuang 2005).

768 ... Li & al.

-8B@O @

-@@O @

Fic. 1. Endophragmiella jiulingensis (holotype, HSAUP H7927). A, B. Conidiophores,

conidiogenous cells, and conidia; C. Conidia.

Endophragmiella jiulingensis sp. nov. (China) ... 769

During ongoing surveys of saprobic microfungi from forests of southern

China, three interesting anamorphic species were collected from dead branches.

One fungus represents an undescribed species of Endophragmiella B. Sutton,

while the other two species are Botryomonilia scheeleae and Camposporium

ramosum, both new records for China. The specimens are deposited in

the Herbarium of Department of Plant Pathology, Shandong Agricultural

University, Taian, Shandong, China (HSAUP) and the Mycological Herbarium,

Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

(HMAS).

Endophragmiella jiulingensis H.H. Li & X.G. Zhang, sp. nov. FIG. 1

MycoBAank MB 823127

Differs from Endophragmiella corticola by its smaller, 0-septate conidia.

Type: China, Jiangxi Province: Jiuling Mountain, on dead stems of an unidentified

broadleaf tree, 8 Nov. 2016, C.L. Yang (Holotype, HSAUP H7927; isotype, HMAS

245643).

EryMoLoey: in reference to the type locality.

CoLonliEs on the natural substrate effuse, brown. Mycelium partly superficial,

partly immersed, composed of branched, septate, pale brown to brown,

smooth-walled hyphae. CONIDIOPHORES macronematous, mononematous,

arising terminally and laterally from mycelium, erect, straight or flexuous,

irregular branched, multiseptate, smooth, pale brown to brown, 88-187 x

2.9-7 um. CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS integrated, terminal, percurrent, cylindrical,

tapering to a truncate apex, pale brown, 16-29.5 x 2-3 um. Conidial secession

rhexolytic. Conrp1a solitary, acrogenous, cylindrical, 0-septate, smooth, pale

brown to brown, 6-8 x 4.5-5.5 um.

ComMENTS—Endophragmiella jiulingensis is similar to E. corticola P.M. Kirk in

having branched conidiophores, but E corticola differs by its larger, multiseptate

conidia (16-25 x 5.5-7.5 um, 2-3-septate; Kirk 1982).

Botryomonilia scheeleae Goos & Piroz., Canad. J. Bot. 53: 2928, 1975. FIG. 2

Cotonigzs on the natural substratum effuse, brown, hairy. Mycelium

superficial and immersed, simple or branched, dark yellow-brown hyphae.

CONIDIOPHORE stalk <72 um high and with <30 perforated septa, mostly

7.5-12.5 um diam. but sometimes narrowed near the base or wider towards

the tip; wall thin, roughened by fine to coarse vesicular inclusions, which

are distributed evenly along the entire conidiophore length or limited to (or

coarser along) only a part of it. At the apex the conidiophore dichotomously

770... Li & al.

1 aipheh ck ae tA.

he,

Las

—,

y 3

et)

ekas f=!

eee OE eee

. er

Site tet

ved

PO CATE hina

ers S30 yee

spo

ve, ‘eihe

Fic. 2. Botryomonilia scheeleae (HSAUP H7857). A. Conidiophores, conidiogenous branches,

and conidia; B. Conidiophore and conidiogenous branches; C. Conidiogenous cells and conidia;

D. Conidia.

Endophragmiella jiulingensis sp. nov. (China) ... 771

branched, producing a dendroid, penicillate head of irregular, finger-like

projections. Conrp1a unicellular, hyaline (pale straw-colored when old), held

together in branched chains only by a thin strand of protoplasm connecting

the septal pores; the terminal conidia small (2.5-3 um diam) and more or less

hemispherical, but the lower conidia progressively enlarging (mostly to 6.5 x

6 um, but up to 8 x 4 um) towards the stalk and doliiform.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: CHINA, GUANGXI PROVINCE, Longhu Mountain, on decaying

twigs of an unidentified broadleaf tree, 7 Dec. 2015, C.L. Yang (HSAUP H7857).

ComMMENTS—Botryomonilia scheeleae is reported for the first time from China.

Botryomonilia is characterized by single differentiated colonies effused on

black stromatic or sclerotial tissue composed of plectenchyma of dark brown

hyphae. Conidiophores erect, simple or branched, resembling conidiophores

of Botrytis, bearing a head of powdery conidia. Heads at first composed of

branched, penicillate conidiogenous cells; later, these branches producing

solitary or catenate conidia by thallic-arthric disarticulation, resembling

Monilia. Conidia unicellular, doliiform, connected by protoplasmic filaments.

The Chinese specimen closely matches the original description of B. scheeleae,

except that the type material had wider conidiophores (15-20 um; Goos &

Piroz. 1975).

Camposporium ramosum Whitton, McKenzie & K.D. Hyde,

Fungal Diversity 11: 183, 2002. FIG. 3

COLONIES on natural substrate effuse, consisting of individual

conidiophores scattered over the substrate surface, brown. Mycelium

immersed and superficial. CONIDIOPHORES 39-87 um long, 3.5-6 um diam.

towards the base, macronematous, mononematous, solitary, unbranched, erect,

irregularly cylindrical, flexuous, dark brown towards the base, fading to pale

brown towards the apex, smooth, 4-10-septate, thickened walls and septa.

CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS holoblastic, polyblastic, integrated into the apical region

of the conidiophores, pale brown, smooth, denticulate; cylindrical denticles

acting as separating cells, 1-3 denticles per conidiophore. Conip1a 50-55.5

um long, 5-6.5 um diam. at the widest point, solitary, dry, cylindrical, brown

or pale brown, slightly thickened walls and septa, 7-9-septate, apex rounded;

basal cell truncate, often with a persistent portion of the denticle attached; the

apical cell giving rise to a single simple or branched appendage; appendage

hyaline, 1-2-septate, smooth, tapering from the base to the apex, close to the

base typically dividing into 3 (rarely 2) terminal branches, individual branches

11-27 um long.

772... Li & al.

Fic. 3. Camposporium ramosum (HSAUP H7919). A-C. Conidiophores, conidiogenous cells,

and conidia; D. Conidia; E. Conidiophore; F. Conidiophores and conidiogenous cells.

Endophragmiella jiulingensis sp. nov. (China) ... 773

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: CHINA, JIANGXI PROVINCE, Jiuling Mountain, on decaying

twigs of an unidentified broadleaf tree, 2 Nov. 2016, C.L. Yang (HSAUP H7919).

COMMENTS—Camposporium ramosum has been reported from Australia and

USA but has not previously been recorded in China. The genus is characterized

by dematiaceous, simple conidiophores that bear terminal, integrated,

denticulate conidiogenous cells. The conidia are typically cylindrical and

elongate multiseptate, rounded at either or both ends; the apex is either simple

or has one or more cylindrical appendages, and the base typically has a persistent

portion of the denticle attached. The Chinese specimen closely matched the

protologue description of C. ramosum, except that the type specimen had

bigger conidia with more septa (80-112 x 6.4-9.6 um, 8-15-septate; Whitton

et al. 2002).

Acknowledgments

The authors express gratitude to Dr. Rafael E Castafieda-Ruiz and Dr. Jian Ma for

serving as pre-submission reviewers and for their valuable comments and suggestions.

This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China

(Nos. 31093440, 31230001, 31493010, 31493011, 31200013) and the Ministry of Science

and Technology of the People’s Republic of China (Nos. 2006FY120100).

Literature cited

Ellis MB. 1976. More dematiaceous hyphomycetes. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew,

Surrey, England.

Hughes SJ. 1979. Relocation of species of Endophragmia auct. with notes on relevant generic names.

New Zealand Journal of Botany 17: 139-188. https://doi.org/10.1080/0028825X.1979.10426887

Kirk PM. 1982. New or interesting microfungi IV. Dematiaceous hyphomycetes from Devon.

Transactions of the British Mycological Society 78: 55-74.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-1536(82)80077-6

Ma LG, Ma J, Zhang YD, Zhang XG. 2011. Taxonomic studies of Endophragmiella from southern

China. Mycotaxon 117: 279-285. https://doi.org/10.5248/117.279

MycoBank. 2017. MycoSearch database search. International Mycological Association, [Accessed:

23 March 2017].

Goos RD, Pirozynski KA. 1975. Fungi of Barro Colorado Island: new and interesting hyphomycetes.

Canadian Journal of Botany 53: 2927-2932. https://doi.org/10.1139/b75-322

Ren SC, Ma J, Zhang XG. 2011. A new species and new records of Endophragmiella from China.

Mycotaxon 117: 123-130. https://doi.org/10.5248/117.123

Sutton BC. 1973. Hyphomycetes from Manitoba and Saskatchewan, Canada. Mycological Psapers

132 143 p.

Whitton SR, McKenzie EHC, Hyde KD. 2002. Microfungi on the Pandanaceae: two new species of

Camposporium and key to the genus. Fungal Diversity 11: 177-187.

Wu WP, Zhuang WY. 2005. Sporidesmium, Endophragmiella and related genera from China. Fungal

Diversity Research Series 15. 351 p.

MY COTAXON

October-December 2017— Volume 132, pp. 775-778

https://doi.org/10.5248/132.775

Pseudocercospora lysidices sp. nov.

on Lysidice rhodostegia from China

FENGYAN ZHAI”, YINGLAN Guo’, YINGJIE LIu* & HONGLIAN LI”

"Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China

’ Postdoctoral Research Base, Henan Institute of Science and Technology,

Xinxiang 453003, China

* Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: honglianli@sina.com

ABSTRACT—Pseudocercospora lysidices on Lysidice rhodostegia (Fabaceae subfam.

Caesalpinioideae) is introduced as a new species, based on Chinese specimens previously

misidentified as “Pseudocercospora lathyri.” The new species is described, illustrated, and

compared with other Pseudocercospora species on caesalpiniaceous hosts. The specimens

examined are deposited in the Herbarium of the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy

of Sciences, Beijing (HMAS).

KEY worDs—anamorphic ascomycete, Cercospora, taxonomy, cercosporoid fungi

Introduction

Cercospora lathyri Dearn. & House was described on Lathyrus japonicus

[= L. martimus] (Fabaceae subfam. Faboideae), forming angular leaf spots,

relatively large stromata (30-60 um diam.), short and narrow conidiophores

(5-20 x 3-4 um), and conidia (40-75 x 2-3.5 um), but without any details

on the conspicuousness of the conidiogenous loci (House 1916). Guo & Liu

(1992), who examined a Chinese collection of a cercosporoid hyphomycete

on Lysidice rhodostegia, considered the morphological characteristics of this

fungus to be rather similar to those of Cercospora lathyri, an assumption that

was based only on descriptions of the latter species and without examining the

type material. They assigned the Chinese material to C. lathyri, and introduced

the new combination Pseudocercospora lathyri (Dearn. & House) Y.L. Guo &

776 ... Zhai & al.

X.J. Liu due to unthickened and undarkened conidiogenous loci and hila of the

conidia. Braun & Mel'nik (1997) re-examined the type specimen of C. lathyri

and found small but conspicuously thickened and darkened conidiogenous

loci and hila and subcylindrical-filiform acicular to narrowly obclavate hyaline

conidia, suggesting that C. lathyri must be maintained in Cercospora s. str. and

that the Pseudocercospora found on Lysidice rhodostegia in China represents a

different species, which we describe here as a new species, Pseudocercospora

lysidices.

Materials & methods

The original collection of the specimen in 1961 is described in the Type designation

section. Small pieces of leaf lesions were cut off and heated in Lactic acid-phenol-

glycerol-distilled water (1:1:2:1) between slides and coverslips over flame to become

transparent. The tissues were examined microscopically without any staining using oil

immersion (bright field and phase contrast) lenses on a standard light Olympus CX 21

microscope. Thirty conidia and other structures were measured using 400 magnification;

the measurement ranges include the extremes given in parentheses. The type specimen

is deposited at the Mycological Herbarium of Academia Sinica, Beijing, China (HMAS)

Taxonomy

Pseudocercospora lysidices Y.L. Guo & EY. Zhai, sp. nov. FIG. 1

MycoBAnk MB 819544

MISAPPLIED NAME: “Pseudocercospora lathyri” sensu Y.L. Guo & X.J. Liu (1992).

Differs from Pseudocercospora guanicensis in its distinct amphigenous leaf spots,

its larger stromata, its shorter and narrower pale olivaceous conidiophores, and its

cylindrical-obclavate, paler, shorter, and much narrower conidia.

Type: China, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, on living leaves of Lysidice rhodostegia

Hance (Fabaceae subfam. Caesalpinioideae), 7 X1 1961, coll. QM. Ma & XJ. Liu

(Holotype, HMAS 59072).

EryMoLoGcy: referring to the host genus Lysidice.

Leaf spots amphigenous, subcircular, angular to irregular, 2-8 mm diam.,

grayish white in the center, margin dark brown or totally dark brown on

the upper surface, brown to dark brown on the lower surface. Caespituli

amphigenous. Mycelium internal. Stromata globose, dark brown, 25-65

um diam. Conidiophores densely fasciculate, pale olivaceous, uniform in

color, irregular in width, not branched, geniculate in the upper part, straight

to curved, obtusely rounded to conical at the apex, 0-1-septate, thin-

walled, smooth, 6.5-22(-30) x 2.5-4.3 um. Conidiogenous cells integrated,

terminal or conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells, conidiogenous

loci inconspicuous, unthickened, undarkened. Conidia solitary, cylindrical-

Pseudocercospora lysidices sp. nov. (China) ... 777

Fic. 1. Pseudocercospora lysidices (holotype, HMAS 59072).

Conidiophores and conidia. Scale bar = 40 um.

obclavate, subhyaline to very pale olivaceous, straight to curved, obtuse at

the apex, obconically truncate to almost truncate at the base, inconspicuously

3-7-septate, thin-walled, smooth, 24-86.5 x 2.2-3.5 um.

Notes: There are four other Pseudocercospora spp. described on hosts

belonging to the Fabaceae subfam. Caesalpinioideae: Pseudocercospora

caesalpiniae T.K. Goh & WH. Hsieh, P caesalpiniigena U. Braun,

P. caesalpiniicola U. Braun et al., and P. guanicensis (E. Young) U. Braun &

Crous, but they differ in some respects from the new species.

Pseudocercospora caesalpiniae, although also forming angular to irregular

leaf spots, amphigenous caespituli, and short and narrow conidiophores

(5-15 x 1.5-3 um), differs from P lysidices in its external mycelium with solitary

conidiophores, the lack or production of smaller stromata (<40 um diam.), and

its acicular to narrowly obclavate conidia (Goh & Hsieh 1989).

Pseudocercospora caesalpiniigena |= Cercoseptoria caesalpiniae J.M. Yen et

al.] differs from P. lysidices in lacking stromata and in forming indistinct leaf

spots, longer and broader conidiophores (30-60 x 4-5 um), and cylindrical

conidia (Yen et al. 1982, Braun & Freire 2004).

778 ... Zhai & al.

Pseudocercospora caesalpiniicola [= Phaeoisariopsis caesalpiniae J.M. Yen

et al.] also forms large stromata (40-75 um diam.) but is distinguished from

P. lysidices by indistinct leaf spots, synnematous and hypogenous conidiomata,

and longer and broader conidiophores (20-150 x 3-5 um) and conidia (20-110

x 2.5-4.5 um) (Yen et al. 1982, Hernandez-Gutiérrez & Dianese 2009).

In comparison to P. lysidices, PR guanicensis [= Cercospora guanicensis

E. Young] also forms circular to subcircular leaf spots and small stromata

(30-45 um diam.), but its conidiophores are arranged in dense fascicles,

darker in color (olivaceous brown), and much longer and broader (20-215

x 4-8 um) and its conidia are obclavate to obclavate-cylindrical and longer

and broader (40-105 x 5-7 um; U. Braun, pers. comm.; Chupp 1954; Crous

& Braun 2003).

Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the Project for Fundamental Research on Science and

Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology of China (No. 2013FY110400), the

National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31100013) and The Cultivation

Program of Youth Backbone Teachers in Colleges and Universities of Henan Province

(2016GGJS-109). We express our deep appreciation to Prof. Uwe Braun and Mark L.

Gleason for their valuable suggestions, kind help, and their assistance during the course

of submission of this manuscript.

Literature cited

Braun U, Freire FDO. 2004. Some cercosporoid hyphomycetes from Brazil - III. Cryptogamie,

Mycologie 25: 221-244.

Braun U, Melnik VA. 1997. Cercosporoid fungi from Russia and adjacent countries. Trudy

Botanicheskogo Instituta imeni V.L. Komarova (St. Petersburg) 20: 1-130.

Chupp C. 1954 [“1953”]. A monograph of the fungus genus Cercospora. Ithaca, NY. 667 p.

Crous PW, Braun U. 2003. Mycosphaerella and its anamorphs: I. Names published in Cercospora

and Passalora. CBS Biodiversity Series 1. 571 p.

Goh TK, Hsieh WH. 1989. New species of Cercospora and allied genera of Taiwan. Botanical

Bulletin of Academia Sinica 30: 117-132.

Guo YL, Liu XJ. 1993. Study on Pseudocercospora in China II. Mycosystema 11: 125-135.

(in Chinese)

Hernandez-Gutiérrez A, Dianese JC. 2009. New cercosporoid fungi from the Brazilian Cerrado 2.

Species on hosts of the subfamilies Caesalpinioideae, Faboideae and Mimosoideae (Leguminosae

s. lat.). Mycotaxon 107: 1-24. https://doi.org/10.5248/107.1

House HD. 1916. New or interesting species of fungi. III. Bulletin of the New York State Museum

188: 29-59.

Yen JM, Kar AK, Das BK. 1982, Studies on hyphomycetes from West Bengal, India, III. Cercospora

and allied genera of West Bengal, 3. Mycotaxon 16(1): 80-95.

MY COTAXON

October-December 2017— Volume 132, pp. 779-787

https://doi.org/10.5248/132.779

Bactrodesmiastrum domesticum sp. nov. and

Conioscypha varia from indoor environments

DeE-WEI L1*»?, CHIN S. YANG? & ARIUNAA JALSRAI*

' The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station Valley Laboratory,

153 Cook Hill Road, Windsor, CT 06095, USA

? Southern China collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry,

Nanjing Forestry University, China

° Prestige EnviroMicrobiology, Inc.,

242 Terrace Boulevard Suite B-1, Voorhees, New Jersey 08043, USA

*EMLab Pe&K, 3000 Lincoln Drive East, Suite A, Marlton, NJ 08053, USA

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: dewei.li@ct.gov

ABSTRACT—Two hyphomycetes were collected from residences: a new species,

Bactrodesmiastrum domesticum, with turbinate or obtriangular conidia and Conioscypha

varia, reported for the first time from an indoor environment.

Key worps—building, dry wall, asexual fungi, water damage, wood

Introduction

Indoor environments provide man-made and unique habitats for fungi.

Building materials, such as drywall and wood, and household materials such

as clothing, fabric, books, paper products, foodstuffs, etc. are good substrates

for fungi whenever water or moisture is available. There have been historical

studies on indoor fungi (e.g., the notorious Stachybotrys chartarum (Ehrenb.)

S. Hughes [= Stachybotrys atrus Corda] collected from an indoor wall in Prague

during the early 19 century; Corda 1837), but fungal diversity in indoor

environments has not been well studied, perhaps due to the misconception

that fungal diversity in indoor environments is simple and straightforward.

However, an increasing number of fungi have been added to the list of indoor

fungi in the last two decades, some new to science and others as first records

780 ... Li, Yang & Jalsrai

for the countries where they were collected. We report here on two unique

hyphomycetes were collected from indoor environments in the USA, one a new

species and the other representing a first occurrence for an indoor environment.

Materials & methods

Two fungi were collected during indoor mold inspections in Florida and

Massachusetts. These fungi were grown on malt extract agar (MEA), corn meal agar

(CMA) and dichloran glycerol agar (DG18) at 25°C. A small scalpel was used to

remove fungal structures directly from the samples or from culture for morphological

observation under a compound microscope. Conidiophores, conidiogenous cells, and

conidia were mounted in 85% lactic acid or lacto-fuchsin (0.1 g acid fuchsin, 100 ml

85% lactic acid; Carmichael 1955) and microscopically observed and measured using an

Olympus BX40 compound microscope equipped with Nomarski differential interference

contrast optics and photographed using an Olympus Microfire digital camera (Goleta,

CA). The fungal structure measurements were statistically analyzed using Microsoft

Office Excel 2013 with 95% confidence interval of means. The results are presented as

ranges of the measurement. Specimens were conserved in the Herbarium, Connecticut

Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, USA (NHES).

Taxonomy

Bactrodesmiastrum domesticum D.W. Li & Chin S. Yang, sp. nov. PLATE 1

MycoBank MB 820855

Differs from Bactrodesmiastrum monilioides, B. obovatum, and B. obscurum by its much

larger turbinate conidia and from B. pyriforme by its much wider turbinate conidia.

Type: USA, Florida, Miami Shores, unidentified decayed wood (floor plank) in a

residence, 18 March 2013, Albert Baerren, Prestige 130320-01-001 (Holotype, NHES

L1701).

ETyMOLOoGy: epithet is named after the indoor habitat where this fungus was collected.

CotontEs on the natural substrate effuse, sparse, light brown. Mycelia partly

superficial and partly immersed in the decayed wood. Hyphae branched, septate,

pale brown to brown, smooth, thick-walled, 2.5-3 um diam. CONIDIOPHORES

poorly differentiated or undifferentiated, often reduced to conidiogenous cells,

very rarely developing a septum and separated into two cells, straight, rarely

flexuous, unbranched, solitary. CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS monoblastic, smooth,

thick-walled, pale brown to brown, much darker than the adjacent hyphal

cells to both sides, (4.5-)3.7-7(-8) um (n = 6) long, (2.5-)3.5-5.5 um (n = 6)

diam at the base, determinate, attenuated towards the apex, conical, tubular,

barrel-shaped or (rarely) ovoid, truncate at the apex, occasionally L shaped

or short inverse T shaped, 2-4.5(-5) um (n = 11) diam. CONIDIAL SECESSION

schizolytic Conip1a (2-)3(-4) septate, acrogenous, turbinate or obtriangular

Bactrodesmiastrum domesticum sp. nov. (USA)... 781

Cal, -“~.

Me 2.

b c

PLATE 1. Bactrodesmiastrum domesticum (holotype, NHES L1701). a. Conidia and conidiogenous

cell; b, c. Conidia and conidiogenous cells. Scale bars = 10 um.

with a rounded distal side, black, smooth, glistening, solitary, dry, (36.5-)

39.5-43.5(-47) x (30-)33-37(-37.5) um (n = 30), with distal cells darker than

the proximal cell, conico-truncate at the base. SEXUAL STATE unknown.

Notes: Bactrodesmiastrum Hol.-Jech. is characterized by solitary or poorly

ageregated differentiated or undifferentiated conidiophores reduced to a

conidiogenous cell that is monoblastic, brown, single (Holubova-Jechova

1984) and contrasts with Bactrodesmium, which develops sporodochia and

differentiated, colorless to brown, simple or branched conidiophores that

develop mono- or polyblastic conidiogenous cells (Ellis 1971, Holubova-Jechova

782 ... Li, Yang & Jalsrai

1972). Bactrodesmiastrum was typified by B. obscurum Hol.-Jech. (Holubova-

Jechova 1984), which has flask-shaped conidiogenous cells with a truncate apex

and obovoid versicolored conidia with a conico-truncate basal cell. Hernandez-

Restrepo et al. (2013) added two new species, Bactrodesmiastrum pyriforme

M. Hern.-Rest. et al. and B. obovatum (M. Calduch et al.) J. Mena et al.

[= Janetia obovata M. Calduch et al.].

When describing another new species, B. monilioides Hern.-Rest. et al.,

Hernandez-Restrepo et al. (2015) emended the genus by expanding the

conidiophore description from “reduced to a conidiogenous cell which is

monoblastic, brown, single” to “semi-macronematous or macronematous,

mononematous, simple, usually reduced to conidiogenous cells arranged

singly or aggregated in small groups, or conidiophores arising from pulvinate

to subpustulate, scattered and black sporodochial conidiomata’ All four

previously published species were collected or isolated from decaying or

submerged wood or twigs and exclusively in Europe; B. domesticum represents

the first Bactrodesmiastrum species reported from a different habitat as well as

from another part of the world.

Bactrodesmiastrum domesticum can easily be distinguished from B.

monilioides, B. obovatum, and B. obscurum, which have much smaller non-

turbinate conidia: B. monilioides 24-35 x 15-18 um, B. obovatum 22.5-33.5

x 12-15 um, and B. obscurum 24-35 x 11-15 um. (Hernandez-Restrepo et

al. 2013, 2015; Holubova-Jechova 1984). Bactrodesmiastrum domesticum and

B. pyriforme develop conidia of similar lengths, but those of B. pyriforme are

pyriform and narrower (14-28 um; Hernandez-Restrepo et al. 2013).

Bactrodesmiastrum domesticum also resembles Trichocladium achrasporum

(Meyers & R.T. Moore) Shearer & J.L. Crane, T: nypae K.D. Hyde & Goh,

and T. palmae Manohar. et al. in morphology of conidia and conidiogenous

cells. However, T. achrasporum develops sporodochia and produces much

smaller (17-24 um x 10-16) conidia (some with dark bands at the septa) that

are pyriform, not turbinate (Shearer & Crane 1971); T: nypae develops much

smaller (15-20 x 10-13 um) and pyriform to ellipsoidal conidia (Hyde et al.

1999); and T. palmae has finely verrucose conidia (28-36.5 x 18.5-24 um;

Manoharachary et al. 2006).

Both Bactrodesmiumi linderi (J.L. Crane & Shearer) M.E. Palm & E.L. Stewart

and Ba. moenitum (J.L. Crane & Shearer) M.E. Palm & E.L. Stewart resemble

B. domesticum somewhat in conidial morphology. However, these species

clearly differ from B. domesticum: Ba. linderi by its production of sporodochia

and its much smaller pyriform conidia (15-28 x 11-18 um) and Ba. moenitum

Bactrodesmiastrum domesticum sp. nov. (USA) ... 783

ew cy a)

Sf AN

PLATE 2. Conioscypha varia (NHES L1702). a. Conidia and conidiogenous cells; b. Conidiogenous

cell; c. Conidia; d. Conidium developed on hypha. Scale bars = 5 um.

by its production of sporodochia and its much narrower pyriform conidia (31-

48 x 11-27 um; Palm & Stewart 1982).

784 ... Li, Yang & Jalsrai

Hernandez-Restrepo et al. (2013) found that Ascotaiwania persoonii Fallah

et al., B. obovatum, and B. pyriforme formed a monophyletic clade with 99%

support. (The anamorph of A. persoonii is unknown; Fallah et al. 1999). This

clade was sister (with 99% support) to a /Savoryellales clade that included three

different Ascotaiwania species. Similarly, Hernandez-Restrepo et al. (2015,

in an analysis that did not include A. persoonii) found that B. monilioides,

B. obovatum, and B. pyriforme formed a monophyletic clade with 99% support

that was sister (with 95% support) to a /Savoryellales clade that included

four different Ascotaiwania species (including the type species, A. lignicola).

The extensive phylogenetic analysis by Yang et al. (2016) defined a major

lineage (with 100% support), which they proposed as a new family and order

(Fuscosporellaceae, Fuscosporellales); this included B. monilioides, B. obovatum,

and B. pyriforme, as well as A. persoonii, which they recombined as the type of

a new genus Pseudoascotaiwania Jing Yang et al., remote from Ascotaiwania

sensu stricto (Savoryellales).

Our attempts to culture B. domesticum have been unsuccessful. Trichoderma

koningii Oudem., Scopulariopsis brevicaulis (Sacc.) Bainier, and Fusicladium

aromaticum (Ellis & Everh.) K. Schub. & U. Braun [= Cladosporium aromaticum

Ellis & Everh.] co-existed on the same wood sample.

Conioscypha varia Shearer, Mycologia 65: 133 (1973) PLATE 2

= Conioscyphascus varius Réblova & Seifert, Stud. Mycol. 50(1): 101 (2004)

COLONIES growing slowly on MEA and CMA, no growth on DG18;

reaching 21-24 mm diam on MEA and 22-24 mm diam on CMA after four

weeks at 25°C; on MEA black, velvety, partly immerse, raised at center with a

serrate 2.5 mm wide white edge band, radially sulcate, reverse dark gray; on

CMA mycelium white, inconspicuous, colonies low, plane, buff, pale gray at

center on both sides. Hyphae colorless, thin-walled, septate, smooth, some cells

moniliform. CONIDIOPHORES undifferentiated, single, short, colorless, smooth,

unicellular, reduced to conidiogenous cells. CONIDIOGENOUS CELLs intercalary

or terminal, colorless, cyathiform, (2.7—)3.8-5.4(-5.6) x (2.4-)2.8-3.6(-4.1)

um (n = 20), with a colorless multilayered cup-shaped collarette formed by

previously ruptured outer conidiogenous cell walls. Conip1A 1-celled, solitary,

smooth, thick-walled, translucent when immature, becoming dark brown

when mature, variably shaped, most ellipsoidal, ovoid, or pyriform with a germ

pore at the apical and basal ends, a few subspherical or even irregular, (9.5-)

10.5-13.5(-14.7) x (6-)6.3-7.3(-7.5) um (n = 30), some with truncate basal end

(2.2—)2.7-3.3(—4) um (n = 30) or apiculate, developing singly and successively

Bactrodesmiastrum domesticum sp. nov. (USA) ... 785

by percurrent extensions of the conidiogenous cell apices, secession schizolytic,

occasionally conidia developing directly on hyphae; mature conidia seceding

and released by rupture at the apex of the conidiogenous cell outer wall. Each

conidium leaves a layer of cup-like collarette in which a new conidium will

develop.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: USA, MassaACHUSETTS, Hingham, wall ofa residence, 4 February

2013 (NHES L1702).

DISTRIBUTION: Czech Republic, Panama, USA.

SUBSTRATES/HOsTs: Dry wall, Scheelea zonensis (Corozo palm), decayed

wood of Ulmus glabra and an unidentified deciduous tree, and submerged

Ochroma pyramidale (balsa) wood (Piepenbring 2006; Shearer 1973).

Notes: Hohnel (1904) erected Conioscypha, typified by C. lignicola Hohn.

Shearer (1973), who described Conioscypha varia based on a specimen

collected from submerged balsa wood in the Patuxent River, MD, USA,

emended the generic concept of Conioscypha with detailed information

from her study on the conidiogenesis of C. lignicola. Réblova & Seifert (2004)

established Conioscyphascus, a new ascomycete genus in which both species,

Conioscyphascus varius (type species) and Conioscyphascus gracilis (Munk)

Réblova & Seifert, develop Conioscypha anamorphs. Their phylogenetic LSU

sequence analyses place C. japonica Udagawa & Toyaz., C. lignicola, and

Conioscyphascus varius in a monophyletic clade. Conioscypha (proposed in

1904 and with 17 species) has priority over Conioscyphascus (proposed in

2004 and with only two species) and is the generic name of choice for both the

asexual and sexual morphs under the “1Fungus :1Name’ principle. The C. varia

isolate collected indoors in Massachusetts did not develop the teleomorph.

Conioscypha varia is reported here as an indoor fungus for the first time. The

isolate collected indoors from drywall grew at a similar rateon CMA and MEA,

but produced no growth on DG18, indicating that C. varia is a hydrophilic,

not xerophilic, fungus. The holotype and four specimens of C. varia were all

collected during 1967-1969 from submerged balsa wood in Patuxent (Shearer

1973), a habitat indicating that it is an aquatic fungus. Its ecological characters

would make C. varia useful as an indicator fungus for long-term water damage

in indoor environments. After 40 years since this species was collected and

proposed as a new species, C. varia was once more collected in the USA, but

this time from an indoor environment and not from wood submerged in the

water.

It is possible that C. bambusicola Matsush. is conspecific with C. varia.

Conidia of these two species are similar in size. Conidia of C. bambusicola are

786 ... Li, Yang & Jalsrai

ovate and apiculate, while those of the C. varia holotype are variably shaped—

ovoid flammiform, naviculiform, subellipsoidal—with apiculate or rounded

apices and some conidia are ovoid, naviculiform, apiculate (Shearer 1973). The

shapes of the mature conidia from the isolate collected from the Massachusetts

indoor environment appeared similarly variable as those described by Shearer

(1973), while the immature conidia were mostly ovoid and apiculate, resembling

those described for C. bambusicola. Conidia from the isolate of C. varia studied

by Réblova & Seifert (2004) were ellipsoidal with a rounded apex. ‘The status,

delineation, and relationship of these two species should be further studied.

Acknowledgments

The authors are very grateful to Dr. Rafael F Castafieda Ruiz and Dr. Jian Ma and

for their critical review of the manuscript and to Drs. Theodore G. Andreadis and

James A. LaMondia for their pre-submission review. The authors are very appreciative

to Dr. Lorelei L. Norvell for her editorial review and Dr. Shaun Pennycook for his

nomenclature review. The authors are appreciative to Albert Baerren of Conestoga-

Rovers & Associates for providing the sample of Bactrodesmiastrum domesticum and

to Z-H Li for his assistance in obtaining literature otherwise unavailable to the authors.

Literature cited

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Fallah PM, Crane JL, Shearer CA. 1999. Freshwater ascomycetes: two new species of Ascotaiwania

from North America. Canadian Journal of Botany 77: 87-92. https://doi-org/10.1139/b98-202

Hernandez-Restrepo M, Mena-Portales J, Gené J, Cano J, Guarro J. 2013. New Bactrodesmiastrum

and Bactrodesmium from decaying wood in Spain. Mycologia 105: 172-180.

https://doi.org/10.3852/12-004

Hernandez-Restrepo M, Gené J, Castafieda-Ruiz RF, Mena-Portales J, Guarro J. 2015. Emendation

of the genus Bactrodesmiastrum (Sordariomycetes) and description of Bactrodesmiastrum

monilioides sp. nov. from plant debris in Spain. Mycological Progress 14: 48 [7 p.].

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-015-1067-6

Hohnel F von. 1904. Mycologische fragmente. Annales Mycologici 2: 38-60.

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Folia Geobotanica et Phytotaxonomica 7(4): 407-418. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02854768

Holubova-Jechova V. 1984. Bactrodesmiastrum, a new genus of lignicolous hyphomycetes. Folia

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Hyde KD, Goh TK, Lu BS, Alias SA. 1999. Eleven new intertidal fungi from Nypa fruticans.

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Manoharachary C, Agarwal DK, Sureshkumar G, Kunwar IK, Babu KS. 2006. Memnoniella

mohanramii sp. nov. and Zygosporium anupamvarmae sp. nov. from India. Indian

Phytopathology 59: 489-491.

Palm M, Stewart E. 1982. Two new combinations in Bactrodesmium. Mycotaxon 15: 319-325.

Piepenbring M. 2006. Checklist of fungi in Panama: Preliminary version. Puente Bioldgico 1:

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Réblova M, Seifert KA. 2004. Conioscyphascus, a new ascomycetous genus for holomorphs with

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(Sordariomycetes). Cryptogamie, Mycologie 37(4): 449-475.

https://doi.org/10.7872/crym/v37.iss4.2016.449

MY COTAXON

October-December 2017— Volume 132, pp. 789-797

https://doi.org/10.5248/132.789

Russula brunneovinacea sp. nov., from northeastern China

XuU-MENG JIANG ©”, YANG-KUN LI?, JUN-FENG LIANG * & JIAN-RONG Wu ?

' Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry

Guangzhou, 510520, PB. R. China

? Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, PR. China

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: jfliang2000@163.com

ABSTRACT—Russula brunneovinacea is described as a new species from northeastern China.

It is characterized by its deep brownish vinaceous to Etruscan red or Kaiser brown pileus with

a slightly depressed center, incurved margin with striate, Naples Yellow context that dries

with a greyish tinge, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid basidiospores with an amyloid plage

and isolated warts that are connected at base or in ridges warts but do not form a reticulum.

The new species is supported by ITS phylogenetic analyses and tentatively placed in Russula

subsect. Integroidinae based on morphological analyses.

KEY worps—macrofungi, Russulaceae, taxonomy

Introduction

Russula Pers. (Russulaceae, Russulales, Basidiomycota) was erected by

Persoon (1796) and with a worldwide distribution (Kirk et al. 2008). The

genus, which is ectomycorrhizal, includes many important edibles such as

R. griseocarnosa, popular in China and Southeast Asia (Wang et al. 2009, Li

et al. 2010, Zhao et al. 2015) as well as poisonous species such as R. emetica

(Schaeff.) Pers. and R. subnigricans Hongo (Miller & Buyck 2002, Yang &

Piepenbring 2004, Li et al. 2015).

Russula subsect. Integroidinae (Romagn.) Bon was validated by Bon (1986),

based on R. sect. Integroidinae Romagn. (Romagnesi 1958). Subsequently Bon

placed the subsection within R. sect. Lilaceae (Bon 1988). In this paper, we

follow the taxonomy of Bon (1986), who characterized species within this

subsection by a pileus with red, yellow, purple and complex color, a grayish

790 ... Jiang & al.

context with a rarely blackening tinge, pileocystidia that are absent or rarely

septate when present, and sometimes with primordial hyphae.

During our research on species diversity of Russula in the Changbai

Mountains of northeastern China, we identified two interesting Russula

collections as a novel taxon, which we tentatively place in R. subsect.

Integroidinae based on detailed morphological examination.

Materials & methods

Specimens, collected from Changbai Mountains, Jilin Province, during 2012, were

photographed in the field, with macroscopic descriptions of the fresh fruiting bodies

based on the photos and notes made in the field. After being dried at 50-55°C with an

electric drier, the collections were deposited at the Research Institute of Tropical Forestry,

Chinese Academy of Forestry Sciences, Guangzhou, China (RITF). Terminology for

descriptive terms follows Vellinga (1988). Color names and codes refer to Ridgway

(1912).

For microscopic observations, sections of specimens were cut by hand, mounted

in 5% KOH, and then stained with Congo red. We used Melzer’s reagent to determine

spore amyloidy and Cresyl Blue to test spores for a metachromatic reaction (Singer

1986). Sulfovanillin (SV) was used to test for reactions of cystidia. Sizes of basidia,

basidiospores, cheilocystidia, pleurocystidia and elements of the pileus covering were

measured using the MShot Digital Imaging System. The abbreviation [n/m/p] denotes

measurements made on ‘n basidiospores in ‘m’ basidiomata from ‘p’ collections.

Basidiospore dimensions follow the notation (a—)b-c(-d); the range ‘b-c’ includes 90%

of the measured values with the extreme values (‘a, ‘d’) given in parentheses. The spore

quotient Q indicates the length/width ratio of spores, and Qav denotes the average Q of

all basidiospores + sample standard deviation.

DNA was extracted from dried materials with an improved CTAB protocol (Zhou

& Liang 2011). Sequences of ITS region were amplified with the primers ITS5 and ITS4

(White et al. 1990). PCR products were purified using the Bioteke DNA Purification Kit.

Both strands were sequenced with an ABI 3730 DNA analyzer and an ABI BigDye 3.1

terminator cycle sequencing kit (Shanghai Sangon Biological Engineering Technology

& Services). These newly generated sequences were submitted to GenBank.

DNA sequences were edited and aligned by SeqMan (DNA STAR Package) and

MUSCLE (Edgar 2004) and manually checked and adjusted. Ambiguously aligned

positions were excluded from the matrix. Gaps in alignment were treated as missing

data. All unambiguous characters and character transformations were equally weighted.

A blast search of the query sequence in GenBank was performed to determine the

most closely related taxa for molecular identification. A dataset was generated from the

highest scored hits most relevant for identification, as well as from samples previously

used in the phylogenetic reconstruction of Russula (Miller & Buyck 2002). Russula

virescens (Schaeff.) Fr. and R. foetens Pers. were chosen as outgroup taxa.

Russula brunneovinacea sp. nov. (China) ... 791

Maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian analyses were used to generate a phylogeny.

The ML tree generation and bootstrap analyses were performed with the RAxML

BlackBox online server (Stamatakis et al. 2008). All parameters in RAXML analysis were

at default, statistical support values were obtained using nonparametric bootstrapping

with 1000 replicates, and trees obtained prior to convergence were discarded before the

consensus tree. A bootstrap proportion greater than 75% is considered significant. The

results were subsequently exported to Dendroscope for tree viewing and editing (Huson

et al. 2007).

The dataset was further analyzed with MrBayes 3.1 (Huelsenbeck & Ronquist 2005)

under a general-time reversible (GTR) model (nst = 6) and the parameter model was

selected by the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) as the best-fit likelihood model with

Modeltest 3.7 (Posada & Buckley 2004). Bayesian analyses were run 6 chains for 1.0

million generations with sampling every 1000 generations. Trees were pooled together

and used to generate a 50% majority-rule consensus tree with branch lengths. Nodes

that were recovered more than 95% of the time were considered to have a significant

posterior probability.

Taxonomy

Russula brunneovinacea X.M. Jiang, Yang K. Li & J.F. Liang, & sp. nov. FIG.1

MycoBAnk MB 819154

Differs from Russula griseocarnosa by its deep brownish vinaceous to etruscan red or

kaiser brown pileus, barium yellow spore print, and smaller basidiospores with smaller

spines.

TypE—China, Jilin Province, Changbai Mountains, Lushuihe hunting ground, alt. 1000

m, 21 August 2012, Zhang Xin 268 (Holotype, RITF 2242; GenBank KY114148).

ETYMOLOGY—The Latin word “brunneovinacea” refers to the brownish vinaceous color

of the pileus.

BASIDIOMATA medium. PILEUS 5-6 cm in diameter, hemispherical when

young, expanding to applanate or concave with a slightly depressed center,

surface viscid when young and moist, glabrous when mature; Light Coral

Red (x115’b) to Coral Red (xm15’) when young, Dark Vinaceous (xxvit1”’) to

Mineral Red (xxvm11’’k) or Burnt Sienna (119k) at centre after maturity, margin

slightly incurved, sometimes undulate and dehiscent, obviously striate, Deep

Brownish Vinaceous (xxx1x5’”) to Etruscan Red (xxvit5”) or Kaiser Brown

(x1v9’k), often becoming Hay’s Russet (x1v7’k) to Russet (xv13’k) or Ocher

Red (xxv115’’i) to Prussian Red (xxv115’”"k) when dried. LAMELLAE White (LI)

to Cream Color (xv119’f), adnate, not forked, lamellulae absent, becoming

Chamois (xxx19”b) or Salmon Color (x1v9’d) with greyish tinge when dried.

STIPE 4.5-5 x 1-1.5 cm, central, cylindrical to subcylindrical, enlarged towards

the base, white, often tinged Hermosa Pink (11f) tinge when mature, Baryta

792 ... Jiang & al.

Fic. 1. Russula brunneovinacea (holotype, RITF2242). A. Basidiomata; B. Basidiospores;

C. Basidia; D. Pleurocystidia; E. Cheilocystidia; EF. Pileipellis

Yellow (1v21f) and tinged with Eosine Pink (11d) when dried, originally solid,

then stuffed with a bread-textured trama to irregular cavities, color unchanging

when injured. CONTEXT white (Li), Naples Yellow (xv119’d) with greyish

tinge when dried. Opor a little sweet. TasTE few acrid. SpoRE PRINT Barium

Yellow (xv123’d).

Basip1ospores [52/2/2] (6.1-)6.2-8.5(-8.8) x (5.1-)5.3-7.1(-7.8) um,

Q = (1.0—)1.03-1.31(-1.43) (Qav = 1.18 + 0.09), subglobose to broadly ellipsoid,

Russula brunneovinacea sp. nov. (China) ... 793

rarely globose or ellipsoid; ornamentation amyloid; warts bluntly conical to

subcylindrical, 0.7-0.9 um tall, isolated or connected at base or ridges, not

forming a reticulum; plage distinctly amyloid; hyaline in 5% KOH. Basip1a

32-46(-52) x 10-13.5 um, narrowly clavate to clavate, inflated towards upper

half, 4-spored, rarely 2-spored, hyaline in KOH, sterigmata about 2.5-4.5 um

long. LAMELLAR TRAMA mainly composed of nested sphaerocytes (28-41 x

26-33 wm) surrounded by connective hyphae. PLEUROCYSTIDIA 54-89 x

9-13 um, abundant, narrowly clavate to clavate, apex often with papillate

appendage, with abundant granular contents in the upper part, red to slightly

purplish red and weakly grey in SV. CHEILOcysTIDIA 43-82 x 7-13 um, clavate

with rounded or indistinctly mucronate apex, few with granular contents.

PILEIPELLIS composed of hyaline hyphae (2-5 um diam.), often branched and

interwoven, septate; terminal cells 16-37 x 2.2-4.1 um, cylindrical, with obtuse

apex, sometimes attenuate, and some with zebroid encrustations. CLAMP

CONNECTIONS absent.

HABITAT & DISTRIBUTION — Solitary or dispersed in conifer and conifer-

broadleaf forests. So far found only from the type locality.

Additional specimen EXAMINED — CHINA: JILIN PROVINCE, Changbai Mountains, alt.

1000 m, 19 August 2012, Zhang Xin 226 (RITF 2206; GenBank KY114147).

Phylogenetic analyses

A dataset of 32 ITS sequences with 666 nucleotide sites (including 30

available sequences of Russula from GenBank) was analyzed. Both the RAxML

and Bayesian analyses resulted in similar topologies and only the best maximum

likelihood tree with bootstrap supports is shown (Fic. 2). Bayesian posterior

probability is also displayed with the bootstrap values along the branches.

Bayesian and RAxML phylogenetic analyses clustered two collections

together and obviously separate from the related sequences available

on GenBank. Phylogenetic analyses also grouped the new species with

R. griseocarnosa X.H. Wang et al., R. occidentalis Singer, R. vinosa Lindblad,

and other species with weak statistical support.

Discussion

Russula brunneovinacea is well distinguished by its Deep Brownish Vinaceous

to Etruscan Red or Kaiser Brown pileus with a slightly depressed center, its

incurved striate margin, its white or cream lamellae that become Chamois with

a greyish tinge when dried, its Naples Yellow context with greyish tinge when

dried, its somewhat acrid taste, and its subglobose to broadly ellipsoid spores

with small isolated or connected at base or ridges warts.

794 ... Jiang & al.

Bayesian and RAxML phylogenetic analyses support R. brunneovinacea

as closely related to the Chinese specimens previously misdetermined as

“R. vinosa” and subsequently described as a new species, R. griseocarnosa

(Wang et al. 2009). Russula griseocarnosa differs from R. brunneovinacea by

its dark red sticky pileus, white context turning greyish during maturity, white

spore print, stipe tapered at base, larger basidiospores (8-10 x 6.5-8 um)

with longer (<2.5 um) spines, and pleurocystidia (100-150 x 13-20 um).

Geographically, R. griseocarnosa invariably grows in tropical and subtropical

China while R. brunneovinacea grows in northeastern China with a temperate

monsoon climate.

Russula occidentalis is also close to R. brunneovinacea. A BLAST query

showed that the two species have a 92% maximum identification with 91%

coverage. However, R. occidentalis has a variably colored pileus, lamellae with

forking edges that bruise grey to black, a white to creamy white stipe that stains

dingy pink where handled or damaged and becomes dark grey to brownish-grey

or black, and bigger spores (7.9-11.2 x 6.7-8.9 um), basidia (52-62 x 14-17.7

um), and pleurocystidia (70-125 x 9-13 um) (Romagnesi 1985, Roberts 2007).

Russula vinosa has a 90% maximum identification with R. brunneovinacea;

it differs in its vinaceous red, dark wine-red or somewhat brownish pileus,

lamellae becoming grey to black when cut or bruised, pale ochre spore print,

mild taste and distinctive odor (Romagnesi 1967, Bon 1988).

In the field, R. brunneovinacea is easily confused with the United States

species R. rubescens Beardslee (Romagnesi 1985). Russula rubescens also has

red color on the pileus, but differs by its paler margin fading with age, mild taste,

forked lamellae, white stipe becoming cinereous, and often blackening with

age or upon drying, and quickly becoming red and then black when wounded,

and basidiospores with an indistinctly amyloid plage. Russula xerampelina

(Schaeff.) Fr. and R. olivacea (Schaeff.) Pers. (Romagnesi 1985, Roberts

2007) also resemble R. brunneovinacea in appearance. Russula xerampelina is

distinguished by its ochraceous-olive young pileus, non-striate margin, warm

yellow to light orange-yellow lamellae often staining brown where damaged,

cream to light yellow stipe, crab or shrimp odor, light orange yellow spore print,

and basidiospores with longer (<1.2 um long) warts, while R. olivacea differs

in its bigger (10-20 cm) basidiomata, drab pileus with olive green and purple

hues, non-striate margin, egg-yolk yellow lamellae unchanging when damaged,

deep ochre-yellow spore print, and basidiospores with incompletely amyloid

plage (Romagnesi 1985, Roberts 2007).

Russula brunneovinacea sp. nov. (China) ... 795

R.eccentrica KF306039

74 R.katarinae KP966377

R.favrei EF530944

R.pascua AY061705

75 R.xerampelina FJ845433

R.sphagnophila AY 061719

= ‘R.nitida KT934001

84/1.00

R.melliolens AY061690

‘R.subsulphurea KF810135

R.puellula JF908706

67/0.99 ‘R.lilacea AY061731

R.azurea AY (061660

R.rosea AY061715

76/0.99 R.rubra AY061717

100 R.amethystina AY 061653

R.firmula KJ867372

R.californiensis AY 245542

R.decolorans FJ845432

100/1.00) R.brunneovinacea KY114148

66/0.99 R. brunneovinacea KY114147

‘R. griseocarnosa EF627042

R.claroflava AY 061665

R.vinosa AY061724

77/100 “R.occidentalis AY 534206

R.velenovskyi AY061721

R.integra AY 061683

96/1.00 R.integriformis AY 061684

R.lepida AY 061686

‘R.aurantiaca AY 061658

R.paludosa AY061703

R foetens AY061677

R.virescens AY061727

89/1.00

pe ON en nstitiionieite

Fic. 2. The best RAxML likelihood tree (-In L 3803.544073) based on the Russula ITS dataset.

Support values in bold type are RAxML likelihood bootstrap (250%). Values in normal type are

Bayesian posterior probabilities (20.95).

796 ... Jiang & al.

Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Dr. Yanchun Li and Dr. Baokai Cui for their critical reviews of

the manuscript. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation

of China (No.31570544), Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province

(2014A030313727), Forestry Science and technology innovation Fund of Guangdong

(2014KJCX019-01) and the National Nonprofit Institute Research Fund of CAF

(CAFYBB2014MA003).

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MY COTAXON

October-December 2017— Volume 132, pp. 799-811

https://doi.org/10.5248/132.799

Amanita pallidorosea in Pakistan and

its ectomycorrhizal association with Quercus oblongata

MUNAZZA KIRAN’ , JUNAID KHAN’, AROoj NASEER’,

HASSAN SHER’ & ABDUL NASIR KHALID'

University of the Punjab, Department of Botany,

Quaid-e-Azam Campus-54590, Lahore, Pakistan

*University of Swat, Center for Plant Sciences and Biodiversity,

Saidu Sharif-19200, Swat, Pakistan

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: munazzakiran@gmail.com

ABSTRACT—The occurrence of Amanita pallidorosea in Pakistan and its ectomycorrhizal

association are reported for the first time based on morphological characters and nucleotide

sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region generated from basidiomata and from

ectomycorrhizal roots of Quercus oblongata [= Q. incana Roxb., nom. illeg.].

Key worps—Amanitaceae, ITS, lethal, phylogeny, Swat

Introduction

Amanita Pers. (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) is a large genus comprising

about 500 described species (Bas 2000, Tulloss 2005, Yang 2005, Kirk et al.

2008). Many Amanita species have been shown to be ectomycorrhizal, thus

playing vital roles in forest ecology (Yang 1997). New Amanita species have

been regularly reported from all over the world, including East Asia, Central

and South America, South Africa, and Australia (Zhang et al. 2015). However,

knowledge about the genus is rather limited for Pakistan, where only eighteen

species have been reported (Ahmad et al. 1997, Tulloss et al. 2001). The goal of

this study was to collect Amanita basidiomata and ectomycorrhizae from the

Quercus-dominated forests of Swat district, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province,

Pakistan. Mycological expeditions took place during the monsoon season

(July to September) of 2015. Nuclear ribosomal DNA sequence analyses of

800 ... Kiran & al.

the ITS region from basidiomata and ectomycorrhizal roots were combined

with detailed morphological examinations to confirm Pakistani collections as

A. pallidorosea, a new record for Pakistan. We describe the ectomycorrhiza of

this species here for the first time.

Materials & methods

Sampling site

Different sites dominated by oak forests were selected for sampling within district

Swat (34°34’-35°55’N 72°08’-72°50’E). The Swat valley, well known for its biodiversity,

is in Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province (Shinwariet al. 2003) where altitudes

range from 970 m to 2300 m (Barth 1956), with Falak Sar (the highest peak) towering

5918 m above sea level. The district’s climate is dry temperate to moist temperate. Most

of the region gets monsoon rains in summer except in the north, which receives very

little or no summer monsoon rains (Ali & Qaisar 1986, Ahmad & Sirajuddin 1996). Swat

vegetation types range from sub-tropical chir pine (Pinus roxburghii Sarg.) forest in the

south to alpine pastures and meadows or cold desert in the north (Sher 2013).

Collection and morphological characterization of the basidiomata

Basidiomata were collected, tagged and photographed in the field using a Nikon

D70S digital camera. Fresh morphological characters were recorded in the field and

colors were designated using Munsell (1975) after which the specimens were dried with

the help ofa fan heater and sealed in zip-lock bags for long-term preservation. The dried

material was vouchered and deposited in the Lahore Herbarium, Department of Botany,

University of the Punjab, Pakistan (LAH).

Microscopic characteristics were observed in 5% KOH solution. The abbreviation

‘n/b/p’ indicates ‘n’ basidiospores measured from ‘b’ basidiomata from ‘p’ collections.

Basidiospore dimensions are given as length x width (1 x w), with extreme values given

in parentheses, and Q = I/w ratio of individual spores; avQ = average Q of all spores +

standard deviation (Zhang et al. 2010).

Isolation and morphological characterization of ectomycorrhizal roots

Twenty 15 cm’ soil cores near the soil surface were retrieved from each sampling site

close enough to Quercus tree trunks to ensure that they contained fine Quercus roots.

Each soil core was later soaked in water in the laboratory for 1-2 hrs and then passed

over a 2 mm sieve under running water to separate the roots from soil. Ectomycorrhizal

roots were carefully sorted into morphotypes using a Meiji Techno EMZ-5TR

stereomicroscope. The fresh ectomycorrhizal roots were cleaned with a fine camel hair

brush, photographed under the stereomicroscope, and examined anatomically under a

compound microscope. The morphotypes were kept in McCartney bottles in distilled

water with replicates of each reserved in 2% CTAB buffer at 8°C for molecular analysis.

Amanita pallidorosea in Pakistan ... 801

DNA extraction, PCR and sequencing

DNA was extracted (from 3-4 gills or 0.5-1 mg of context tissue per basidioma

or 2-4 ectomycorrhizal root tips per morphotype) using a modified CTAB method

(Bruns 1995). The extracted genomic DNA was evaluated using gel electrophoresis

(1% agarose gel in Gel documentation system Uvipro Platinum (IM-2000 WL/

LC/26M MANZ) with default settings. After confirmation, genomic DNA was

suspended in nuclease free water and stored at 20°C. The target rDNA internal

transcribed spacer region (ITS1 + 5.8S + ITS2) was amplified by optimized polymerase

chain reaction (PCR) (Gardes & Bruns 1993) using the ITS1F fungal specific forward

primer (5’-CTTGGTCATTTAGAGGAAGTAA-3'; Gardes & Bruns 1993), ITS4 reverse

primer (5’-TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC-3'; White et al. 1990), and Taq polymerase as

catalyst in 20 uL PCR tubes using Gene Amp PCR system 9700. The thermo-cycling

profile had an initial and final denaturation step at 94°C for 1 minute followed by

30 cycles at 53°C for 1 minute for annealing, and a 1-minute initial extension and

8-minute final extension at 72°C. PCR products were visualized by using 1% agarose

gel. Amplified products were sequenced in both directions with the ITS1r and ITS4

amplification primers by BGI Tech Solutions (HK Co. Ltd.). To identify the plant

host species, the host plant DNA was extracted from root tips and amplified using

the plant specific primer 28xky (5’-GGCGGTAAATTCCGTCC-3’) and universal primer

28c (5’-GCTATCCTGAGGGAAACTT-3’) (Cullings 1992). Successful amplicons obtained

from ectomycorrhizal roots were purified using Exonuclease I and Shrimp Alkaline

Phosphatase enzymes (Werle et al. 1994). The purified products were sequenced by

the University of Florida's Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research (http:

//www. biotech. ufl.edu/). Sequence chromatograms were trimmed, edited, and

assembled using Sequencher 4.1 (Gene Codes, Ann Arbor, MI).

Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis

Consensus sequences were generated from the obtained sequences with the forward

and reverse algorithms in BioEdit (Hall 1999) and then BLAST searched at NCBI (http://

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/). Closely matched sequences from GenBank were downloaded

for phylogenetic analysis based on BLAST analysis and on sequences generated by

previous phylogenetic studies of Amanita pallidorosea (Zhang et al. 2010, Kim et al.

2013, Li et al. 2015). Sequences were manually edited and assembled using BioEdit (Hall

1999) and ClustalW (Thompson et al. 1997). All ITS sequences were trimmed with the

conserved motifs 5’-(...GAT)CATTA— and -GACCT(CAAA...)-3° to facilitate alignment,

with the the alignment portion between them included in the analysis (Dentinger et al.

2011). These sequences were aligned with other GenBank sequences using the MUSCLE

(Edgar 2004) alignment tool available online (www.ebi.ac.uklTools/msalmuscle). In

aligned dataset, all characters were equally weighted, and gap positions were treated as

missed data. A phylogenetic tree was constructed with the maximum likelihood (ML)

analysis using Jukes-Cantor model in MEGA6 software to test the phylogeny (Tamura et

al. 2011). All obtained sequences have been submitted to and accessioned by GenBank.

802 ... Kiran & al.

Results

Amanita pallidorosea P. Zhang & Zhu L. Yang,

Fungal Diversity 42: 125 (2010) Fics 1, 2

BASIDIOMATA medium sized. PILEUs 40-60 mm diam., convex to plano-

convex, slightly umbonate, the disc pale pink (5yR9/4) to pale rose (10R9/6) and

becoming white with maturity or under dry conditions; surface dry, smooth,

volval remnants sometimes present, dull to shiny, margins smooth, incurved

when young becoming straight and splitting with age or in dry conditions;

context dry, whitish or slightly paler than cap, 1-3 mm, texture soft, not

changing upon cutting or bruising. OpoR not distinctive; taste not recorded.

LAMELLAE 4.5 mm broad, free, crowded, whitish at first then turning creamy

to yellowish cream (10YR9/8) at maturity, edge entire. LAMELLULAE attenuate,

frequent, length variable. Stipe 80-120 x 6-12 mm, central, cylindrical to sub-

cylindrical to tapering upwards, white to creamy white above the annulus and

creamy white with a yellowish (10yYR9/8) to yellowish pink (10R7/10) tinge

below, upper quarter hollow, below solid; surface smooth to finely fibrillose

squamulose; context white. ANNULUS present, membranous, thin, permanent,

yellow to white. VoLva saccate, white, membranous, permanent, in some

specimens breaking to leave fragments on the stipe, giving the stipe a banded

appearance.

Basipiospores [n/b/p = 80/4/3] 7-8.5(-9) x (6.5-)7-8.5(-9) um, Q =

1-1.08, avQ = 1.01, globose to subglobose, apiculus prominent (1.5 um long),

guttulate, amyloid in Melzer’s reagent. BAsip1A 31-40 x 8-10.5 um, clavate,

tetra-sterigmate, basal clamps absent. PILEIPELLIs hyphae 3.5-5(-7.5) um

diam., filamentous, terminal inflated cells clavate 15 um diam., hyaline; when

present, volval remnant cells abundant, inflated (18.5 x 18 um). STIPITIPELLIS

filamentous, hyaline, 4.5-12 um diam. VOLVAL CELLS subglobose to oval (66

x 78.5 um), hyphae 5-7 um diam. CLAMP CONNECTIONS absent in all tissues.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: PAKISTAN, KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA PROVINCE, Swat

District, Lower Shawar, 2100 m asl, on ground in a forest dominated by Quercus

oblongata, 5 September 2015, Zia-ullah Sh0O3 (LAH35204; GenBank KY626178);

Malam Jabba, Kishawra, 2200 m asl, on soil under oak, 16 August 2015, Junaid Khan

MJ1554 (LAH35205; GenBank KY621476); Toa, 2800 m asl, on ground under Quercus

oblongata, 15 July 2015, Arooj Naseer T4 (LAH35206; GenBank KY616968).

COMMENTS: Macroscopically, Amanita subpallidorosea Hai J. Li is strikingly

similar to A. pallidorosea because of its pale rose pileus with a conspicuous

umbo. However, microscopically, A. subpallidorosea can be distinguished

from A. pallidorosea by its larger basidia and basidiospores (Li et al. 2015,

Yang 2015). Pure white specimens of A. pallidorosea, also common (Zhang et

Amanita pallidorosea in Pakistan ... 803

: yy lad ao /

Fic. 1. Amanita pallidorosea basidiomata. A. LAH35204; B. LAH35206; C-F LAH35205.

Scale bars: A = 1.9 cm; B =1.6 cm; C = 0.9 cm; D = 1.1 cm; E= 1.7 cm; F= 1.5 cm.

804 ... Kiran & al.

Fic. 2. Amanita pallidorosea (LAH35204). A. basidia and subhymenium; B. volval remnants on

pileus; C. basidiospores; D. volva; E. pileipellis; F. stipitipellis. Scale bars: A = 7.5m; B = 30 um;

C= 6.5 um; D = 25 um; E, F = 20 um. Drawings by M. Kiran.

al. 2010, Yang 2015), can be easily confused with A. virosa Bertill. (Malysheva

et al. 2014). Amanita virosa, however, can be distinguished with its distinctly

recurved squamules on the stipe and larger basidiospores (Neville & Poumarat

2004, Yang 2015).

Amanita pallidorosea in Pakistan ... 805

Fic. 3. Amanita pallidorosea/Quercus oblongata mycorrhiza (LAH-EM64). A, B. ectomycorrhizal

roots; C. inner mantle layer cells; D. outer mantle layer cells. Scale bars: A = 0.6 mm; B = 1.2 mm;

C=7.5 um; D = 10 um. Drawings by M. Kiran.

Morphological characterization of ectomycorrhizae FIG. 3

ECTOMYCORRHIZAL SYSTEM dichotomous, 6-18 mm long, axis <1 mm

diam., unramified, ends straight, cylindrical, surface smooth, dark brown

806 ... Kiran & al.

(10R1/4). OUTER MANTLE hyphal cells 4.39-5.85 um diam., loosely arranged.

INNER MANTLE hyphal cells 4.17-4.80 um compactly arranged. Cells in both

layers are mantle type A (Agerer 1987-2002), frequently septate, branched,

thin-walled, yellowish brown, end cells not sharply pointed. EMANATING

HYPHAE rarely present. RHIZOMORPHS not observed.

HABITAT & DISTRIBUTION: In Pakistan, solitary to scattered in small groups

on ground under oak. Originally described from China (Zhang et al. 2010);

also known from Japan, Korea, and eastern Russia (Kim et al. 2013, Malysheva

et al. 2014, Yang 2015, Cai et al. 2016).

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: PAKISTAN, KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA PROVINCE, Swat

District, Toa, 2800 m asl, associated with roots of Quercus oblongata, 15 July 2015,

Arooj Naseer ANT58 (LAH-EM65; GenBank KY616969); 15 July 2015, Arooj Naseer

ANT81 (LAH-EM66; GenBank KY616970); 15 July 2015, Arooj Naseer ANT450044

(LAH-EM67; GenBank KY616971); Shawar, 2100 m asl, on roots of Quercus oblongata,

14 August 2015, Arooj Naseer AN26 (LAH-EM64; GenBank KY616967).

Molecular phylogenetic characterization Fic. 4

The host plant sequence (GenBank KY829452) obtained from

ectomycorrhizal roots of Amanita pallidorosea (GenBank KY616969) showed

99% identity with Quercus oblongata D. Don [= Quercus incana Roxb., nom.

illeg.] (GenBank AY456170) using BLAST search tool at NCBI. Phylogenetic

analysis was performed on a 58-sequence ITS dataset of which 57 sequences

represented Amanita species and one represented the outgroup Limacella

glioderma (Fr.) Maire [= L. delicata (Fr.) Konrad & Maubl.]. The post-alignment

dataset included 891 sites, of which 339 were conserved, 489 variable, and 345

parsimony informative. Reliability of the consensus tree was calculated by 1000

bootstrap replications. The phylogenetic tree contained four well supported

clades corresponding to four Amanita sections: A. sect. Phalloideae, A. sect.

Validae, A. sect. Lepidella, and A. sect. Amanita (Zhang et al. 2010, Cai et al.

2016). Sequences obtained from the Pakistani basidiomata and morphotypes

clustered with A. pallidorosea in A. sect. Phalloideae. This lineage is consistent

with the morphological identification.

Discussion

Amanita pallidorosea is one of the lethal amanitas in A. sect. Phalloideae

(Zhang et al. 2010, Malysheva et al. 2014, Yang 2015). First described by

Zhang et al. (2010) from China, the species is characterized by typically pale

rosy (sometimes white) umbonate pileus and small globose to subglobose

basidiospores. This taxon has been reported from other Asian countries

Amanita pallidorosea in Pakistan ... 807

i Amanita pallidorosea KY616967

@ Amanita pallidorosea KY616968

i Amanita pallidorosea KY616971

Amanita pallidorosea KJ466382

Amanita pallidorosea FJ176736

66] Hl Amanita pallidorosea KY616970

Mi Amanita pallidorosea KY616969

Amanita pallidorosea KF245917

Amanita pallidorosea KF245915

oe Amanita pallidorosea KT894838

@ Amanita pallidorosea KY626178

do! @ Amanita pallidorosea KY621476

Amanita pallidorosea KF245916

Amanita pallidorosea KJ466389

Amanita pallidorosea KT894837

98] + Amanita subjunquillea var alba FJ375332

Amanita pallidorosea KJ466383

Amanita pallidorosea JX998035

Amanita pallidorosea JX998037

Amanita pallidorosea KJ466385

Amanita bisporigera KU311692

gg ' Amanita bisporigera KRQ19764

Amanita rimosa KU311696 : ;

Toot Amanita rimosa KU311695 | “tion Phalloideae

7-— Amanita virosa KF937304

63 Amanita virosa ABO15676

84, Amanita subpallidorosea KP691682

691 |! Amanita subpallidorosea KP691678

gg | Amanita subpallidorosea KP691680

gi! Amanita subpallidorosea KP691677

Amanita ocreata KJ466381

gq ‘Amanita ocreata GQ486374

94, Amanita phalloides GQ221843

Amanita phalloides GQ221841

ge |r Amanita subjunquillea KR996715

e9' Amanita subjunquillea KT894848

99 - Amanita suballiacea KP221316

Amanita suballiacea KP221303

100; Amanita fuligineoides FJ176721

90 Amanita fuligineoides FJ176720

Amanita reidii AY325824

Amanita exitialis KT213706

80 Amanita exitialis KT213705

Amanita ocreata AY918962

Amanita areolata AB167727

gg ‘Amanita zangii KJ466433

Amanita spissa KF245910

Amanita rubescens ABO15682 _| Section Validae

9g + Amanita rubescens EU819464

Amanita cylindrispora AY325839

57 Amanita oberwinklerana KT894853 —_| Section Lepidella

100 ' Amanita oberwinklerana KT894852

100 , Amanita subglobosa KU139498

Amanita subglobosa KU139497

Amanita subfrostiana JN9431 72 Section Amanita

99 Amanita rubrowlvata FJ375329

75 Amanita subfrostiana KF651010

100

Limacella glioderma FJ478086 “Joutgroup

0.05

Fic. 4. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of Amanita spp. based on ITS sequences. The tree with

the highest log likelihood (—5886.3380) is shown. The analysis involved a total of 58 nucleotide

sequences and 891 positions in the final dataset. New sequences generated from Pakistani

basidiomata are marked with @ and from ectomycorrhizal root tips with Ml.

808 ... Kiran & al.

including Japan (Yang 2015, Cai et al. 2016), Korea (Kim et al. 2013, Cho et

al. 2015), and Russia (Malysheva et al. 2014). Macro- and microscopically, the

three A. pallidorosea basidiomata (LAH35204-35206) collected in Pakistan

agree with the descriptions by Zhang et al. (2010) and Malysheva et al. (2014).

However, the smooth stipe surface in some specimens and the hollow stipe

apex contrast with the original description. The yellowish annulus in some

collections, although differing from the original collection of Zhang et al.

(2010), conforms to the findings of Malysheva et al. (2014) and Yang (2015).

Amanita pallidorosea has not been previously recorded from Pakistan (Ahmad

et al. 1997), and our basidiomata and ectomycorrhizal roots represent the first

report of the species from the country. Ectomycorrhizal association of Amanita

muscaria (L.) Lam., A. citrina Pers., and A. strobiliformis (Vittad.) Bertill. have

been described with various hosts with different ramification patterns (Ingleby

et al. 1990, Mleczko 2004, Raid] & Verma 2006)

Phylogenetically, the sequences obtained from ectomycorrhizal roots

and basidiomata clustered with A. pallidorosea sequences retrieved from

GenBank in clade sect. Phalloideae, which contained A. areolata T. Oda et

al., A. bisporigera G.F. Atk., A. exitialis Zhu L. Yang & T.H. Li, A. fuligineoides

P. Zhang & Zhu L. Yang, A. ocreata Peck, A. phalloides (Fr.) Link, A. reidii

Eicker & Greuning, A. rimosa P. Zhang & Zhu L. Yang, A. suballiacea (Murrill)

Murrill, A. subjunquillea S. Imai, A. subjunquillea var. alba Zhu L. Yang,

A. subpallidorosea, A. virosa, and A. zangii Zhu L. Yang et al. (Cai et al. 2014,

2016). Large white basidiomata morphologically similar to A. pallidorosea are

also present in A. bisporigera, A. exitialis, A. oberwinkleriana Zhu L. Yang &

Yoshim. Doi, A. ocreata, A. subjunquillea var. alba, and A. virosa (Imazeki &

Hongo 1987, Yang & Li 2001, Malysheva et al. 2014) (Fic. 4).

Amanita pallidorosea has been previously reported from forests dominated

by Quercus mongolica Fisch. ex Ledeb., and members of family Fagaceae and

Pinaceae (Zhang et al. 2010, Malysheva et al. 2014, Cai et al. 2016), but no

studies have been published confirming its ectomycorrhizal association. This

appears to be the first report of ectomycorrhizal association of A. pallidorosea

with Quercus oblongata supported by morphological and molecular data.

Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Prof. Zhu Liang Yang (Kunming Institute of Botany,

Chinese Academy of Sciences, China) for his valuable comments and suggestions to

improve the manuscript. Thanks are due to Dr. Sana Jabeen (University of Education,

Faisalabad Campus, Pakistan), Dr. Andrew W. Wilson (Denver Botanic Gardens, USA),

Amanita pallidorosea in Pakistan ... 809

and Dr. Yan-Chun Li (Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences,

China) for providing helpful reviews of this manuscript. We very much appreciate the

field assistance of Dr. Abdul Rehman Khan Niazi (University of the Punjab, Lahore,

Pakistan). Sincere thanks are also due to Dr. Matthew E. Smith (University of Florida,

USA) for providing molecular research facilities to one of the authors. Thanks are also

due to Dr. Shaun Pennycook for his precious time in editing the nomenclature.

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MY COTAXON

October-December 2017— Volume 132, pp. 813-817

https://doi.org/10.5248/132.813

Ellisembia pseudokaradkensis sp. nov.

from Hainan, China

MIN QIAO, XING Du, ZHAO-Hut!I BIAN, JIE PENG & ZE-FEN YU*

Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources,

Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education,

Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, P. R. China

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: Zfyuqm@ynu.edu.cn

ABSTRACT—Ellisembia pseudokaradkensis, isolated from decaying dicotyledonous

leaves submerged in a stream, is described and illustrated as a new species. The fungus is

characterized by obclavate conidia with long flagelliform apical appendages. The new taxon

is compared with other Ellisembia species having flagelliform appendages at the conidial tip.

Key worps— aquatic hyphomycetes, fungal diversity, morphology

Introduction

Ellisembia was introduced by Subramanian to accommodate Sporidesmium-

like species, with Sporidesmium coronatum Fuckel [= E. coronata (Fuckel)

Subram.] as type species (Subramanian 1992). The genus is characterized

by determinate or irregularly percurrently extending conidiogenous cells

that produce distoseptate conidia, while Sporidesmium is restricted to those

species that have conidiogenous cells without or with irregular proliferation

and euseptate conidia (Subramanian 1992). Despite the segregation of a new

genus from Sporidesmium in 1992, researchers continued to place some species

with distoseptate conidia into Sporidesmium (Shi & Zhang 2007, Ma & Zhang

2007a,b); these were subsequently transferred into Ellisembia (Santa-Izabel

et al. 2013). Wu & Zhuang (2005), who merged Imicles Shoemaker & Hambl.

into Ellisembia, expanded the generic concept to include species that produce

typically lageniform, ovoid, or doliiform, percurrently extending conidiogenous

cells. Currently 60 species are included in Ellisembia (Index Fungorum 2017).

814 ... Qiao & al.

Several fungal species and genera occurring on dead stems or decaying

branches of broadleaf trees have been described recently in China (Xia et al.

2015, 2016; Ren et al. 2012; Ma et al. 2007a,b, 2010). During a study of aquatic

hyphomycetes in Diaoluo Mountain Preserve, Hainan Province, China, we

encountered an unknown fungus sharing some features of Ellisembia that we

propose here as a new species.

Materials & methods

The culture was isolated from decaying leaves collected on a broadleaf tree in

Diaoluo Mountain Preserve, Hainan province, in southern China, by Z.E Yu on

April 2015. The decaying leaves were cut into several 2-4 x 2-4 cm sized fragments,

which were flattened out on the surface of CMA (20 g cornmeal, 18 g agar, 40 mg

streptomycin, 30 mg ampicillin, 1000 ml distilled water) for ten days; single conidia

were isolated using a sterilized toothpick while viewing with a CX31 microscope,

and cultivated on CMA in Petri plates. Morphological observations were made from

CMA after incubation at 28°C for one week; pure cultures and a permanent slide

were deposited in the Herbarium of the Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization

of Bio-resources, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China (YMF; formerly

Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology and Fermentation Technology of

Yunnan).

Taxonomy

Ellisembia pseudokaradkensis M. Qiao & Z.F. Yu, sp. nov. PLATE 1

MycoBank MB 820988

Differs from Ellisembia karadkensis by its smaller, unbranched conidia with fewer septa.

Type: China, Hainan Province: Diaoluo Mountain Preserve, 18°43’N 109°43’E, elev.

1020 m, on submerged decaying leaves of an unidentified dicotyledonous plant in a

stream, July 2015, J. Peng (Holotype, YMF 1.04266).

EryMo oey: Latin, pseudokaradkensis, referring to the similarity to E. karadkensis in

the shape of conidia.

CoLonigs 2 cm diam. on CMA after 10 days, Mycelium partly superficial and

partly immersed in the substratum. CONIDIOPHORES erect, macronematous,

mononematous, straight or flexuous, dark to blackish brown, arising from

creeping hyphae, 0-1-septate, 7-18 x 4-5 um, base often specialized to T- or

L-shape. CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS monoblastic, integrated, terminal, cylindrical,

pale or dark brown, 14-15 x 4.5 um. Conidial secession schizolytic. CONIDIA

solitary, obclavate, mostly curved, tapering towards narrow whip-like apical

tip, (81.5-)90.5-138(-149) um long, 5.5-8 um diam., truncate, 2.5-4 um diam.

at the base, 8-13-distoseptate, with 2-3 apical cells subhyaline or hyaline with

Ellisembia pseudokaradkensis sp. nov. (China) ... 815

PiaTE 1. Ellisembia pseudokaradkensis (holotype, YMF 1.04266). A. Distoseptate conidium.

B. Conidia with flagelliform apical appendages. C. Conidiophores and conidiogenous cells.

Scale bars: A, C = 10 um; B = 20 um.

816 ... Qiao & al.

thin septa, other cells pale olivaceous to brown but dark at the septa, apical

appendages (33-)57-148 um long, 0.5-1 um diam.

Discussion

Ellisembia pseudokaradkensis is characterized by flagelliform apical

appendages and long, narrow conidia. Five other Ellisembia species have

flagelliform appendages at the tip of conidia: E. podocarpi Jian Ma &

X.G. Zhang, E. photiniae Jian Ma & X.G. Zhang, E. flagelliformis (Matsush.)

W.P. Wu, E. magnibrachypus (Matsush.) Rajeshk. & S.K. Singh, and

E. karadkensis Rajeshk. & S.K. Singh. Ellisembia E. karadkensis is

distinguished from E. pseudokaradkensis by its branched conidia and

E. magnibrachypus by its branched appendages, and E. pseudokaradkensis

is distinguished from all five species by its distinctive combination of the

number of conidial septa, conidial size, and length of apical appendage

(TABLE 1).

TABLE 1. Comparison of Ellisembia species with appendages at the tip of conidia.

CONIDIA

SPECIES ee ,._—0. 52 OE REFERENCE

NUMBER OF LENGTH X APICAL APPENDAGE

SEPTA WIDTH (tm) LENGTH (um)

E. flagelliformis 11-14 60-90 x 40 Wu & Zhuang

9-10 (2005)

E. karadkensis 10-35 150-345 x 100 * Rajeshkumar et al.

9.5-12.5 (2012)

E. magnibrachypus 9-10 48-62 x 65 Matsushima (1975)

12-14

E. photiniae 10-16 92-170 x 43-90 Ma et al. (2010)

13-16

E. podocarpi 13-19 110-170 x 80 Ma et al. (2010)

7.5-10

E. pseudokaradkensis 8-16 90.5-138 x (33-)57-148 Thi

6.0-7.5 v8 Paper

* Appendage length estimated from illustration

Acknowledgements

This work was jointly financed by National Natural Science Foundation Program

of PR China (31360130, 31770026). We are very grateful to Prof. X.G. Zhang and

Dr. R.E Castafieda-Ruiz for critically reviewing the manuscript and providing helpful

suggestions to improve this paper.

Ellisembia pseudokaradkensis sp. nov. (China) ... 817

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MY COTAXON

October-December 2017— Volume 132, pp. 819-829

https://doi.org/10.5248/132.819

Colpoma guadueticola sp. nov. in a guadual forest

from Quindio Department, Colombia

TANIA RAYMUNDO!, RICARDO SOTO-AGUDELO? & RICARDO VALENZUELA!

"Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Bioldgicas,

Plan de Ayala y Carpio s/n Col. Santo Tomas,

Ciudad de México, CP 11340, México

? Docente del Programa de Biologia, Universidad del Quindio,

Armenia, Departamento del Quindio, Colombia

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: rvalenzg@ipn.mx

ABSTRACT—Colpoma guadueticola is described as a new species growing on fallen culms

of Guadua angustifolia from Colombia. The specimens were collected in a guadual forest

from the Natural Reserve “La Montafia del Ocaso, municipality of Quimbaya, Quindio

Department, Colombia. A key to the species of Colpoma is presented.

Key worps—Leotiomycetes, Rhytismatales, Rhytismataceae, taxonomy

Introduction

Colpoma was described by Wallroth in 1833 with C. quercinum (Pers.) Wallr.

as the type species (Darker 1967). The ascomycete genus is characterized by

its elongated (often curved) or ellipsoid apothecial ascomata that erupt under

periderm or break through naked wood and open with a single longitudinal

slit, well developed thick dark colored covering and basal layers, abundant

slender paraphyses that often coil or bend at the tip, and continuous cylindric

or filiform ascospores (Darker 1967, Johnston 1991). Quélet placed Colpoma

within Patellariaceae (Hysteriales), a family later transferred to Phacidiales by

Saccardo (Theon 1918). Darker (1967) moved Colpoma to Hypodermataceae

(Phacidiales) after which Sherwood (1979) and Johnston (1991) transferred the

genus to Rhytismataceae (Phacidiales). Currently, Medardi (2002, 2004) and

Kirk et al. (2008) include Rhytismataceae within Rhytismatales.

820 ... Raymundo, Soto-Agudelo & Valenzuela

The Natural Reserve ‘La Montafia del Ocaso’ is located at 4°34’08”N

75°51'03”W, south of Quimbaya municipality in Quindio Department,

Colombia (Agudelo & Gémez 2001). The guadual forest of this natural

reserve is a floristic resource of great ecological importance because of

the huge diversity of plants, animals, and fungi. The forest is dominated

by Guadua angustifolia Kunth (Poaceae), known as “Colombian bamboo”

and considered the world’s third largest bamboo, reaching heights up to 30

meters (Agudelo & Gémez 2001, Moreno et al. 2007).

There are few studies on fungal species associated with Guadua angustifolia

in Colombia. Restrepo-F. et al. (2005) isolated four agaricomycete genera

on Guadua: Pleurotus spp., Schizophyllum commune Fr., Daedaleopsis

tricolor (Bull.) Bondartsev & Singer, and Polyporus sp. Soto-Agudelo et al.

(2016a) described 29 ascomycete species collected in a guadual forest from

the Natural Reserve ‘La Montafia del Ocaso’ from Colombia; of these, 15

grew on decayed debris of Guadua angustifolia, ten were found on decayed

wood of trees, and four were parasites of other ascomycetes. In 2015 and

2016, during an ongoing survey of Ascomycetes in Colombia (Soto-Agudelo

et al. 2016a,b), three Colpoma specimens were gathered from Guadua

angustifolia. These collections had a distinct morphotype that could not

be satisfactorily accommodated in any of the known species of this genus.

The objective of the present work is to describe these specimens as a new

species of Colpoma associated with Guadua angustifolia in the Department

of Quindio in Colombia.

Materials & methods

The specimens were collected in The Natural Reserve ‘La Montana del Ocaso’in

October 2015 and May 2016 and are deposited in the herbarium of the University

of Quindio, Armenia, Colombia (HUQ) and in the fungal collection ‘Dr. Gaston

Guzman Huerta at the Herbarium Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Bioldgicas of Instituto

Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico (ENCB). Latitude/longitude coordinates

were obtained with GPS eTrex (Garmin). Colors are coded according to Kornerup

& Wanscher (1978). Morphological examinations were conducted using protocols

outlined by Johnston (1991) and Minter (1997). Anatomical characters were measured

from rehydrated tissues in 5% aqueous KOH and Melzer’s reagent. Macroscopic

characters were photographed with a Nikon D7000 and micrographs were taken with a

Nikon Coolpix 9000. The meanings of some terms are based on Ulloa & Hanlin (2012)

dictionary.

Colpoma guadueticola sp. nov. (Colombia) ... 821

Fics 1-4: Colpoma guadueticola (isotype, ENCB Raymundo 5898). 1. Gregarious linear

apothecia on fallen culm. 2. Mature fusiform, curved, sigmoid, sinuous to undulate apothecia

with rounded or acute ends. 3. Elongated apothecium with rounded ends. 4. Apothecia ellipsoid,

elongated, lacrymoid with rounded or acute ends. Scale bars: 1 = 10 mm; 2 = 3 mm; 3,4= 1mm.

822 ... Raymundo, Soto-Agudelo & Valenzuela

Taxonomy

Colpoma guadueticola Raymundo, Soto-Agudelo & R. Valenz., sp. nov. Fics 1-15

MycoBank MB 820664

Differs from Colpoma quercinum by its long, filiform ascospores, its paraphyses

dichotomically to irregularly branched at the apex, and its substrate of fallen culms of

Guadua angustifolia.

Type: Colombia, Quindio department: municipality of Quimbaya, Natural Reserve ‘La

Montafia del Ocaso’, 4°34’08”N 75°5103”'W, alt. 1050 m, 29 October 2015, T. Raymundo

5898 (Holotype, HUQ; isotype, ENCB).

EryMo.ocy: Referring to Guaduetum, the phytosociological name for the guadual

forest dominated by Guadua angustifolia, where the specimens were collected.

APOTHECIA (1—)2-10 mm long and 0.4—0.8 mm broad, stromatic, erumpent,

deeply immersed within substratum, and aligned with the main axis of the

fallen culm; visible initially as small ellipsoid to oblong or linear black spots

when closed, later opening by one longitudinal split, variable in shape when

mature: ellipsoid, oblong, fusiform, curved, sigmoid, lacrymoid, sinuous to

undulate, rounded or acute at both ends; the apothecial wall mostly covered

with black stromatic tissue. HyMEeNrum slightly raising the substratum

surface, yellowish white (4A2) to pale yellow (4A3) in young specimens

or at the edges and ends of the ascomata, light yellow (4A5) to deep yellow

(4A8) in mature fresh specimens. STROMATIC TISSUE in vertical transverse

section covering the lateral sides and the lower part of the apothecia,

lateral walls 60-100 um thick, forming a textura angularis, dark brown to

black in KOH, comprising mostly angular cells, olivaceous green to black,

slightly thick-walled 5-9 um diam.; lower wall 30-40 um thick, forming a

textura angularis, dark brown in KOH, comprising mostly angular cells,

olivaceous green to brown, slightly thick-walled, 5-7 um diam. MEDULLAR

EXCIPULUM 30-50 um thick, forming a textura intricata with interwoven

hyphae, hyaline in KOH, septate, 1-2 um diam. SUBHYMENIUM 8-12 um

thick, forming a textura intricata, interwoven hyphae hyaline in KOH, 1-2

um diam. PARAPHYSES filiform, hyaline in KOH, non-septate, smooth, thin

walled, dichotomously to irregularly branched at the apex, extending up to

20 um beyond the asci, 1-2 um diam. Ascr 136-180 x 5-7 um, cylindrical,

Fics 5-11: Colpoma guadueticola (isotype, ENCB Raymundo 5898). 5. Apothecium, vertical

transverse section. 6. Hymenium. 7. Medullary excipulum, hymenium, and stromatic tissue.

8. Lateral stromatic tissue with textura angularis. 9. Basal stromatic tissue. 10-11. Basal and lateral

stromatic tissue and medullary excipulum. Scale bars: 5 = 300 um; 6 = 80 um; 7 = 100 um; 8 = 40

um; 9, 10 = 50 um; 11 = 20 um.

823

Colpoma guadueticola sp. nov. (Colombia) ...

A i tl

> = .

ar, Ah, |

ae |

824 ... Raymundo, Soto-Agudelo & Valenzuela

8-spored, hyaline in KOH, uniformly thin-walled, with only one wall layer

visible, rounded apex, inamyloid. AscosPorgs parallel to subparallel within

the ascus, (68—)80-110(-120) x 0.8-1.0 um, filiform, straight to slightly

curved, hyaline in KOH, aseptate, thin-walled, smooth, gelatinous sheath

not observed at the apex.

ECOLOGY & DISTRIBUTION—Gregarious on fallen and dead culms of

Guadua angustifolia in guadual forest mixed with tropical dry forest. The

species is known only from the type locality.

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED—COLOMBIA, QUINDIO DEPARTMENT:

Municipality of Quimbaya, Natural Reserve ‘La Montafia del Ocaso, 4°34’08”N

75°51'03”W, alt. 1050 m, 29 October 2015, R. Soto-Agudelo 60 (HUQ); 17 May 2016,

T. Raymundo 6036 (HUQ).

COMMENTS—Colpoma guadueticola is characterized by its variably shaped

apothecia with pointed or rounded ends, yellow hymenium, paraphyses

that are dichotomously to irregularly branched at the apex, long straight to

slightly curved aseptate ascospores, and its host Guadua angustifolia.

Colpoma azaleae (Schwein.) Cooke, C. morbidum (Peck) Sacc., C. quercinum,

and C. styriacum Remler resemble C. guadueticola in having ascospores

longer than 70 um, but C. azaleae is separated by its small (1-3 mm

long) apothecium, dark subrufescent hymenium, and Rhododendron

periclymenoides (Ericaceae) substrate; C. morbidum is distinguished by its

white to gray hymenial surface and growth on Picea mariana (Pinaceae) and

Chamaecyparis thyoides (Cupressaceae); C. quercinum has roughly circular

to oblong apothecia, apices of the paraphyses developing curls and spirals,

and growth on Quercus spp.; and C. styriacum is separated by its small

oblong yellowish green apothecia, 7—8-septate ascospores, and growth on

Vaccinium myrtilloides (Ericaceae). The other Colpoma species are separated

by their shorter (<75 um) ascospores and different hosts, as shown in the

key below.

Key to the species of Colpoma

1. Ascospores ellipsoid to oblong-elliptical, 5-10 um diam., 0-3-septate ............ 2

1. Ascospores filiform, 1-3 um, diam., 0-8-septate .......... 0. eee eee ee eee eee 3

2. On fallen bark of Agathis australis

(apothecia 0.6-1 x 0.3-0.5 mm, broad ellipsoid to oval, hymenial surface

Figs 12-15: Colpoma guadueticola (isotype, ENCB Raymundo 5898). 12. Paraphyses

dichotomously to irregularly branched at the apex. 13. Asci and paraphyses. 14. Asci with parallel

to subparallel ascospores. 15. Ascospores. Scale bars: 12, 14 = 30 um; 13, 15 = 25 um.

Colpoma guadueticola sp. nov. (Colombia) ... 825

’

i )

826 ... Raymundo, Soto-Agudelo & Valenzuela

yellow to orange, ascospores 17-25 x 5-7.5 um, ellipsoid, (0-)1 septate;

known only from New Zealand; Johnston 1991: 405) ................ C. agathidis

2. On fallen wood of Nothofagus

(apothecia 1.5-5 x 1-2.5 mm, ellipsoid to irregular in shape,

hymenial surface translucent yellow, ascospores 31-46 x 6-10 jum, ellipsoid,

(0-)3-septate; known only from New Zealand; Johnston 1991: 407) .. C. nothofagi

St ASCO SP OLS x7 OmLIUNY LON dees Fou bine ea hoot Seer tcndey he cody fre cosy Peepndesake-w ody nse Mee toga 4

Be USGS POLES 7.55 NNN els acihgs Me cihgs OE ech OO ccs ed och Ad edz Ad eds Md bem AS Pegs a Me beget a 14

ALTOVA OM ICL Se teen e ee cee caches fedlagcah ger SUMP es PN pr Te STP ri ARS gor AEE pr TASS pr Sly 5

He CUNEAMOTOSP ORS. . Norn cc Winns © Bees Wien « Whowates « Mowat: Mines « Miri” eben oy Reval Comat 10

5. On Cupressaceae

(on living and dead branches of Juniperus communis, apothecia

1-3 x 1-2 mm, circular, ellipsoid to irregular in shape, hymenial surface

pale gray to fawn, ascospores 40-50 x 1-2 um, almost straight, aseptate;

Buropeanspecios: Miner LO96ae-Ly me iP ncc28F bo 82 bag os eg bo AB Be C. juniperi

DA ANAC GE Rs 2 co Saad usted tes hes den shud’ s cap tude woh Ses ap ok Em pees Doe ees abet be 6

. Paraphyses unbranched, straight, slightly swollen at the apex

(apothecia small, 0.6-1 x 0.28-0.4 mm, long ellipsoid, round or acute at

each end, hymenial surface gray to dark gray, ascospores 33-53 x 2.5-3.5 um,

fili-fusiform, 3-septate at maturity; known only from China on dead or

senescent twigs of Pinus armandii; Hou & Piepenbring 2005: 360) .. C. intermedium

. Paraphyses unbranched or branched, not swollen at the apex

(circinate or flexuous with hooked tips, apothecia larger than 1] mm) ........... 7

7. Apothecia with crenulate margin

(1-2 x 0.5-0.75 mm, ellipsoid, subglobose to irregularly oblong and flexuous,

hymenial surface grayish blue to violaceus gray, ascospores 70-75 x 2 um,

almost straight, rounded apex and basal end acute, aseptate; known only

from Sweden on fallen twigs of Pinus sylvestris; Saccardo 1891: 1128) ..C. serrulatum

7. Apothecia with smooth, striate or rugose margin .............. 0... e eee eee eee 8

8. Paraphyses branched, circinate

(apothecia 1-4 x 0.7-1 mm, ellipsoid to linear, hymenial surface pale

yellowish gray, ascospores 30-45 x 1.5-2 um, aseptate; known only

from USA on decorticated conifer wood; Sherwood 1979: 35)........ C. deustum

8. Paraphyses unbranched, flexuous with hooked tips ...................00 00005. 9

9. Apothecia 0.7-3 x 0.4-1 mm, sometimes curved or irregularly branched,

hymenial surface grayish to bluish gray (ascospores 26-42 x 1.5-2 um,

rod-shaped to filiform, aseptate; European species, growing on fallen twigs

Ol Picegau es siiiapet O97 s-Wiie ote sates Jc tes oe Le Mey, os te C. crispum

9. Apothecia 2-3 mm long, oblong to linear, flexuous, black,

(ascospores 25-35 x 1-1.5 um, subfiliform, rounded apex and acute base,

aseptate; known only from Sweden, growing on bark of fallen twigs

ot Picee dbiessSaccatdo: 1891 1 QY So RP tide Paige! C. pseudographioides

10.

—_—

12:

h3y

14.

TS.

15.

Colpoma guadueticola sp. nov. (Colombia) ... 827

Apothecia with milk white hymenial surface

(ascospores 50-75 um long, filiform; known only from North America

on dead branches of Rhododendron groenlandicum; Peck 1876: 69,

SAG Cava oul a O04 et, fete Witinte wo ate We aM eaten. tatein' tag ekumetgeee A C. lacteum

Apothecia with gray, bluish gray or grayish blue hymenial surface ............ 11

Paraphyses unbranched, straight to flexuous, apex not differentiated,

apotheatasmial ly <oUsS ti OM aes sae ona Ate + easd Ne egah dhe somaey oe veoh hese aes ea 12

. Paraphyses unbranched or branched, coiled or convoluted at the apex,

21010) Unt sli eve F6 ND N telly aa mde Ramee ey ae eed ae Malem eee tee Ss Wea geil.) Sedat ced 13

Apothecia, 0.7-1.2 x 0.4-0.6 mm ellipsoid to almost circular

(paraphyses straight, ascospores 35-62 x 2-3 um, fili-fusiform, tapering

towards the base, aseptate; known only from China on dead or senescent twigs

of Rhododendron sp.; Hou & Piepenbring 2005: 363) ................ C. sinense

Apothecia 0.5-1.5 x 0.25-0.35 mm, oblong

(paraphyses straight to flexuous, ascospores 35-70 x 1.5-2 um, filiform,

straight to slightly curved, aseptate; known only from China on dead branches

of Rosa sp.; Trotter 1972: 458 as Lophodermium rosae Teng) ............ C. rosae

Apothecia small (0.5-5 x 0.4-1 mm)

(elliptical to oblong elliptical, aligned with the main axis of the substratum,

ascospores 33-55 x 1-2 um, almost straight, aseptate; European species,

on dead attached twigs of Rhododendron tomentosum; Minter 1996b: 1) ...... C. ledi

Apothecia much larger (30-35 x 2-3 mm)

(irregularly oblong, tubular, curved, sigmoid, sometimes also with bifurcations,

ascospores 60-75 x 1-1.5 um, slightly curved, aseptate; known only from Italy

on dead attached twigs of Castanea; Medardi 2004: 36) .............. C. caesium

On dead wood of conifers,

(apothecia ellipsoid, oblong to orbicular, white to gray in hymenial surface,

ascospores 75-100 x 1.5 um, filiform, only known from boreal America on

Picea mariana and Chamaecyparis thyoides; Saccardo 1883: 803, Ellis & Everhart

1892: 723 as Clithris morbida (Pk.) Ellis & Everhart) .............. C. morbidum

OMAN BHOSPETINS iat 5 Se ese gine o: atl des. wag! Pas wag Epp Sed! Eo paul Te bed Ze peed Empe bee deny 15

Paraphyses dichotomously to irregularly branched at the apex

(apothecia 2-10 x 0.4-0.8 mm, ellipsoid, oblong, fusiform, curved, sigmoid,

lacrymoid, sinuous to undulate, round or acute at both ends, hymenial surface

light yellow to deep yellow, on fallen and dead culms of Guadua angustifolia

Ba te Pola (ps Pe sats dm va Male nk Pe 2 Sh C. guadueticola

Paraphyses unbranched, circinate or coiled at the apex ...................008 16

. On Fagaceae and living/dead branches of Quercus spp.

(apothecia 2-15 x 0.5-3 mm, fusiform, navicular to curved, flexuous,

hymenial surface yellow, greenish yellow to olivaceous yellow, ascospores

70-95 x 1-3 um, slightly curved, multiseptate, paraphyses curled to coiled,

hooked; European species; Saccardo 1883: 722, Dennis 1981: 226) .... C. quercinum

PALS SPIGA CCRE RH; Da Sets reach sapt eon sed ale es gh ate gb ate gE mea gli sac cc ESR ec SO 17

828 ... Raymundo, Soto-Agudelo & Valenzuela

17. On dead bark of Rhododendron periclymenoides

(apothecia 1-3 mm long, linear to elongate, flexuous, hymenial surface

dark red, ascospores 90 x 2 um, filiform, aseptate).

Known only from boreal America (Cooke 1889: 58, Saccardo 1891: 1128,

Ellis 8-Evyerharte 1892: /22-as- CHR riIsye Pin) Vs oe Een tao es C. azaleae

17. On fallen dead twigs of Vaccinium myrtilloides

(apothecia 1-2 x 0.6-1 mm, elongate, hymenial surface translucent yellowish

green, ascospores 64-91 x 2-3 um, sigmoid, attenuated base, 7-8 septate).

Known only from Austria (Remler 1980: 173) ...............0.. C. styriacum

Acknowledgments

We wish to express our gratitude to Dr. Peter R. Johnston and Dr. Martin Esqueda

for their useful comments and manuscript review. The authors thank the authorities

of Natural Reserve “La montafia del Ocaso” and University of Quindio for the support

and facilities to carry out the present study. Tania Raymundo thanks IPN for financial

research support in the projects SIP-20161166 and SIP-20170846. Ricardo Valenzuela

thanks COFAA and IPN for financial research support in the projects SIP-20161164

and SIP-20170845.

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MY COTAXON

October-December 2017— Volume 132, pp. 831-837

https://doi.org/10.5248/132.831

Baeomyces lotiformis sp. nov. from China

SHUNAN CAO’, JIANFENG HE’, FANG ZHANG’, HUIMIN TIAN’,

CHUANPENG Livu?, HAIYING WANG** & QIMING ZHOU?*

' Key Laboratory for Polar Science SOA, Polar Research Institute of China,

No. 451 JinQiao Road, Pudong District, Shanghai 200136, China

? Medical Faculty of Chifeng University,

No. 1 YingBin Road, Hongshan District, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia 024000, China

° School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology,

2 Yikuang Street, Harbin 150001, China

* Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University,

No. 88 Wenhua Road, Jinan 250014, China

*CORRESPONDENCE TO: * biowhy@sina.com ° genbank@vip.sina.com

ABSTRACT—A new species of lichenized fungus, Baeomyces lotiformis, is described and

illustrated. It is distinguished by its short podetia and wide apothecium discs, and its affinity

was confirmed by ITS sequence analysis.

KEY worps—Ascomycota, Baeomycetaceae, chemistry, molecular systematics, morphology

Introduction

The worldwide lichen genus Baeomyces Pers. is known from eight crustose

to squamulose species with dark red to brownish stiped apothecia containing

stictic acid as a major secondary substance (Asahina 1943, Upreti 1985, Gierl

& Kalb 1993, Ihlen 1997, Aptroot & Seaward 1999, Kirk et al. 2008). In Yunnan

we encountered an undescribed species that showed affinities with this genus

but deviated conspicuously by its confluent lotus-like apothecia on very short

stipes. Here we present our analysis of the morphology, anatomy, chemistry,

and phylogeny of this species to clarify its taxonomy.

Materials & methods

The material used in this study was collected in 2012 in Yunnan province, China. The

collections examined are preserved in the Lichen Section of the Botanical Herbarium,

832 ... Cao & al.

TABLE 1. nrDNA ITS sequences used in the phylogenetic analysis

SPECIES LOCALITY GENBANK No.

Ainoa mooreana Sweden KJ462262

Japan KJ462263

Anamylopsora pulcherrima Buryatia Republic, Russia KRO17064

— AF274089

Baeomyces lotiformis Yunnan, China KT597690

Baeomyces placophyllus China DQ001274

Xizang, China KT601493

Baeomyces rufus Yunnan, China KT601494

France AF448458

Parainoa subconcolor Yunnan, China KRO17133

Phyllobaeis crustacea Hainan, China KC414617

Hainan, China KC414618

Phyllobaeis imbricata Ecuador KC414619

— HQ650635

Placopsis contortuplicata Antarctica DQ534479

Antarctica KT601492

Placopsis macrophthalma Kerguelen AY212820

Trapelia placodioides — KT695380

Trapelia thieleana — KU672616

Trapeliopsis flexuosa — HQ650634

Trapeliopsis glaucolepidea — AY600082

*New sequences are marked in bold font; missing data are indicated with “—”.

Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China (SDNU). A Zerss Axioskop 2 plus

compound microscope and Motic SMZ-168 dissecting microscope were used to study

the anatomy and morphology. A 10% KOH solution, a 5% NaOCl bleaching solution,

concentrated alcoholic p-phenylenediamine (PD), Lugol’s Iodine solution, and thin-

layer chromatography (TLC) (Culberson & Kristinsson 1970, Culberson 1972, White &

James 1985) were used to detect lichen substances.

DNA extraction, PCR amplification, and sequencing

Total DNA was extracted using a modified CTAB method (Cao et al. 2013).

PCR amplifications were performed using a Biometra T-Gradient thermal cycler.

The nrDNA ITS region was amplified by the primer pair ITS5 and ITS4 (White et al.

1990). The 50-ul reaction volume comprised 1 ul total DNA, 2 ul of each primer (10

uM), 1 ul Taq polymerase (rTaq DNA Polymerase, 5 U/ul), 4 wl dNTP (2.5 mM each),

5 ul amplification buffer (10x, 25 mM MgCl, contained), and 35 ul ddH,O. Cycling

parameters included initial denaturation at 95°C for 5 min, 30 cycles of denaturation

at 94°C for 40 s, annealing at 52°C for 40 s, extension at 72°C for 2 min, and a final

extension at 72°C for 10 min. A negative control, without DNA template, was prepared

in every amplification series so as to minimize the possibility of contamination.

Baeomyces lotiformis sp. nov. (China) ... 833

PCR products were purified using a Biocolor gel purification kit (BioScience &

Technology Co. Ltd.) and sequenced using an ABI 3730 XL DNA Sequencer.

Four nrDNA ITS sequences, including one from the new species, were obtained by the

authors, and another 17 nrDNA ITS sequences representing six species were downloaded

from GenBank (TaBLE 1). Three sequences from Placopsis (Trapeliaceae), two from

Trapelia (Trapeliaceae) and two from Trapeliopsis (Trapeliaceae) were selected as outgroup.

Phylogenetic analysis

The sequences were aligned using ClustalW 1.6 (Thompson et al. 1994). The

phylogenetic analysis was executed with software Mega 7 (Kumar et al. 2016). The

Kimura-2-parameter was selected as the nucleotide substitution model, and gaps or

missing data were set as pairwise deletion. The neighbor-joining (NJ) method was used

in constructing the phylogenetic tree and the reliability of the inferred tree was tested by

1000 bootstrap replications.

Result and discussion

The NJ-tree (Fic. 1) of the ITS rDNA sequences clearly supports the genera

Baeomyces, Phyllobaeis, Parainoa, Ainoa, and Anamylopsora in Baeomycetaceae

as sister branches. The bootstrap values were 98% for Baeomyces and 97% for

Phyllobaeis. Baeomyces lotiformis clustered within the Baeomyces branch, but

was clearly separated from B. placophyllus and B. rufus.

100 r— Baeomyces placophylluse DQ001274

99 Baeomyces placophyllus KT601493

Baeomyces rufus AF448458

100 Baeomyces rufus KT601494

Baeomyces lotiformis [HT] K1T597690

100 Phyllobaeis imbricata HQ650635

Phyllobaeis imbricata KC414618

97 Phyllobaeis crustacea HQ650835

100! Phyllobaeis crustacea KC414617

saoAwoseg

syaeqolAud

aeaaRPjaoAwoseg

Parainoa subconcolor KRO17133

Ainoa mooreana KJ462263

100 Ainoa mooreana KJ462262

Anamylopsora pulcherrima KR017064

100! Anamylopsora pulcherrima AF274089

100 Placopsis contortuplicata KT601492

100 Placopsis contortuplicata DQ534479

Placopsis macrophthalma AY 212820

90 Trapeliopsis glaucolepidea AY600082

Trapeliopsis flexuosa HQ650634

63 Trapelia thieleana KU672616

100 Trapelia placodioides KT695380

aeaoeyedes

0.020

Fic. 1. Neighbor-joining tree of the nrDNA ITS region sequences. Nucleotide: K2 model, gaps or

missing data were partial deletion, bootstrap = 1000. Genetic distance scale = 0.02. Numbers at

nodes present the bootstrap support value (numbers <50 not shown). New sequences are set in

bold font; holotype sequence indicated by ‘[HT]-

834 ... Cao & al.

Taxonomy

Baeomyces lotiformis S.N. Cao, sp. nov. Fi. 2

MycoBank MB 819009

Differs from the other Baeomyces species by its confluent, lotus-like apothecia and

crustose thallus.

Type: China, Yunnan: Jianchuan County, 26°23’N 100°49.8’E, alt. 2665 m, on soil, 25

Nov. 2012, H. Y. Wang yn013 (Holotype, SDNU 20160915; GenBank KT597690).

ErymMo oey: Latin lotiformis, referring to the lotus-like apothecia. The Latin noun

“lotus” has the compounding form “lot-”; and the sufhx indicating a morphological

similarity is “-formis”.

THALLUS crustose, gray green to ochre, tightly attached to the substrate, lacking

a cortical layer, irregularly delimited; surface irregular with many small,

mammillary warts, 0.2 mm in diameter; algae layer continuous, algal cells

green, ovoid or ellipsoid, 9-11 x 10-13 um.

APOTHECIA dark red to reddish brown, scattered over the thallus, when

full-grown with very sinuous margins deeply dividing the disc, which is

thus seemingly composed of many confluent discs aggregated into a lotus-

like structure, about 2 mm in diameter, when young rounded and 0.5 mm in

diameter; disc flattened with swollen margin; podetia very short, less than 1

mm, with nearly sessile apothecia, lacking algae; hymenium 162.5-175 um

thick, algae not observed within subhymenium and exciple, I-; paraphyses

branched, not septate; asci long-clavate, 8-spored, with apex I-, 75-90 x 7.5

uum; ascospores oblong or fusiform, hyaline, simple, 8-10 x 5 um (10 spores

observed).

CHEMISTRY—Spot tests: Thallus K+ yellow, C-. Specimen contains stictic

acid (TLC).

ADDITIONAL MATERIAL EXAMINED: CHINA, YUNNAN: Mt. Ailao, 24°21’N 102°31.2’E,

alt. 2300 m, on rock, 25 November 2010, H.Y. Wang yn076 (SDNU 20160916).

CoMMENTSs: Baeomyces lotiformis is characterized by a crustose thallus and

dark red to reddish brown apothecia with very short podetia, which show

affinities with the well-known stiped crustose to squamulose lichen genera

Baeomyces, Dibaeis Clements, and Phyllobaeis Kalb & Gierl. However, the

new species differs chemically from Dibaeis and Phyllobaeis: stictic acid is

the main substance, and baeomycesic and norstictic acid are absent. The

morphological and chemical characters support inclusion of B. lotiformis

in Baeomyces, but within this genus its confluent, lotus-like apothecia are

unique.

Baeomyces lotiformis sp. nov. (China) ... 835

Fic. 2. Baeomyces lotiformis (holotype, SDNU 20160915). a, habit; b, apothecia; c, granular

mammillary warts (in water); d, asci.

In view of its very short podetia, we compared B. lotiformis with the

crustose lichen genera also currently included in Baeomycetaceae: Ainoa

Lumbsch & I. Schmitt, Anamylopsora Timdal, and Parainoa Resl & T. Sprib.

(Liicking et al. 2016). Ainoa differs by its dark-brown exciple, narrowly

ellipsoid ascospores (16-32 6-14 um), and by the presence of gyrophoric

acid restricted to apothecia and pycnidia (Brodo & Lendemer 2015). Parainoa

is similar to Ainoa but differs in containing depsidones (like Baeomyces);

however, Parainoa completely lacks a differentiated and extended hypothecial

stalk, its hypothecium is yellowish, its thallus is creamish white, its ascomata

may or may not contain gyrophoric acid, and it is characterized by simple,

roundish apothecia (Resl et al. 2015). Anamylopsora is still more distinct by

836 ... Cao & al.

its squamulose thallus, its black sessile apothecia, its subspherical ascospores,

and the presence of alectorialic acid (Timdal 1991).

Our ITS rDNA sequence analysis clusters B. lotiformis with B. rufus and

B. placophyllus on a well-supported branch and support B. lotiformis as a new

species in the genus Baeomyces.

Acknowledgments

Our thanks are due in the first place to the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic

Administration (2011GW12016). Our project was financially supported by the

Program for Scientific Research Innovation Team in Colleges and Universities of

Shandong Province, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31270059),

the Science Foundation of Jinan (201202024), and the National innovation Fund

for college students (201310445082). We thank Prof. Jae-Seoun Hur, Prof. Sergey

Kondratyuk, and Dr. Harrie Sipman for presubmission reviews. We also thank Dr.

Shaun Pennycook for valuable comments and nomenclature reviews.

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MY COTAXON

October-December 2017— Volume 132, pp. 839-847

https://doi.org/10.5248/132.839

Lirula sichuanensis sp. nov.

on Picea likiangensis var. rubescens from Sichuan, China

CHUN-LIN YANG’, XIU-LAN XU’”, ZHENG-GAO ZHANG: & YING-GAO LIU?

‘College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University,

Huimin Road 211, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China

? Forestry Research Institute, Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,

Nongke Road 200, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China

> Huangshan Yunle Ganoderma Co., Ltd. of Anhui Province,

Yingkan Road, Jingde, Anhui 242600, China

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: lyg927@263.net

ABSTRACT—Lirula sichuanensis on 2-year-old dead needles attached on living twigs of Picea

likiangensis var. rubescens [= P. likiangensis var. balfouriana] in Sichuan Province is described

and illustrated as a new species. Phylogenetic analysis based on the internal transcribed

spacer sequences of ribosomal DNA sequences confirms its distinction from similar species

of the genus. The type specimen is deposited in the Forest Protection Laboratory of Sichuan

Agricultural University, China (SAUF).

Key worps—Rhytismataceae, needle blight, taxonomy, ITS rDNA

Introduction

Lirula Darker is distinguished from other genera of Rhytismataceae by

its nervisequious ascomata and ascospore shape (Darker 1967). Initially, six

species were recombined in Lirula by Darker (1967): L. abietis-concoloris

(Mayr) Darker, L. macrospora (R. Hartig) Darker, L. mirabilis (Darker) Darker,

L. nervata (Darker) Darker, L. nervisequa (DC.) Darker, and L. punctata

(Darker) Darker. Ziller (1969) described a new species, L. brevispora Ziller

on Picea glauca (Moench) Voss from Canada. Kaneko (1993) described

L. pakistanensis S. Kaneko on Abies pindrow (Royle ex D. Don) Royle from

Pakistan and later (Kaneko 2003) described L. exigua S. Kaneko and L. japonica

840 ... Yang & al.

S. Kaneko on Abies mariesii Mast. from Japan. Fan et al. (2012) described

L. yunnanensis L. Fan et al. on Abies georgei Orr [= A. forrestii var. georgei (Orr)

Farjon] from Yunnan Province, China.

The eleven Lirula species usually cause severe needle blight on conifers; two

species parasitize Picea, and the others mainly Abies (TaBLE 1). In this paper,

we report a new species of Lirula on dead needles of Picea likiangensis var.

rubescens [= P. likiangensis var. balfouriana (Rehder & E.H. Wilson) Hillier].

Materials & methods

Mature fruitbodies were selected and examined macroscopically under a dissecting

microscope at 6-45x magnification and microscopically under a compound microscope

at 40-100x magnification (objective lens). The fruitbodies were sectioned by hand;

vertical sections were mounted in water for observation of ascomatal and conidiomatal

outlines. Gelatinous sheaths surrounding ascospores and paraphyses were examined in

water or cotton blue lactophenol. The colours of anatomical structures and ascospore

contents were observed in water. All measurements were made using material mounted

in water.

Total genomic DNA was extracted from ascomata following the operations manual

of DNA extraction kit™ (Tiangen, China). The internal transcribed spacer sequences

of ribosomal DNA (ITS rDNA) region were amplified with PCR using the primers

ITS1/ITS4 (White et al. 1990). PCR was performed in 50-uL reactions including DNA

template 5 uL, primer ITS1/ITS4 2 wL, 2x MasterMix 25 uL, and ddH,O 16 uL, under

the following parameters: 95 °C for 1 min., 50 °C for 1 min., 72 °C for 1 min., for a total

TABLE 1. Hosts of Lirula species.

SPECIES Host REFERENCE

Darker 1967; Scharpf 1988

Ziller 1969

Kaneko 2003; Fan et al. 2012

L. abietis-concoloris Abies concolor

L. brevispora Picea glauca

L. exigua Abies mariesii, A. georgei

L. japonica

L. macrospora

L. mirabilis

L. nervata

L. nervisequa

L. pakistanensis

L. punctata

L. yunnanensis

Abies mariesii

Picea likiangensis var. rubescens, P. wilsonii,

Picea asperata, P. crassifolia, P. jezoensis,

P. koraiensis, P. neoveitchii, P. schrenkiana,

P. abies, P. glauca, P. pungens

Abies balsamea

Abies alba, A. fabri, A. fargesii, A. holophylla,

A. forrestii var. smithii, Taxus wallichiana

Abies pindrow

Abies amabilis, A. balsamea, A. concolor, A.

grandis, A. procera, A. mariesii

Abies georgei

Kaneko 2003; Fan et al. 2012

Darker 1932; Darker 1967;

Lin et al. 2012; Scharpf 1988

Darker 1967

Darker 1967; Lin et al. 2012;

Fan et al. 2012

Kaneko 1993

Darker 1967

Fan et al. 2012

Lirula sichuanensis sp. nov. (China) ... 841

of 35 cycles followed by a final extension step at 72 °C for 5 min. The PCR products

detected by gel electrophoresis were sent to Invitrogen Biotechnology (Guangzhou,

China) for purification and sequencing.

The ITS rDNA sequences were aligned with ClustalW 1.8 (Thompson et al. 1997);

sections of the sequences longer than the sequence of new species were excluded from

the analysis. A neighbor-joining (NJ) tree was generated with MEGA5.1 software

(Tamura et al. 2011), and branch stability was estimated with 1000 bootstrap pseudo-

replicates calculated with Kimura's two-parameter model (Kimura 1980). Other ITS

rDNA sequences used in this study were downloaded from GenBank (TaBLE 2). The

newly generated sequences were deposited in GenBank.

TABLE 2. ITS rDNA sequences of the species used in the study and their GenBank

accession numbers. The holotype of L. sichuanensis is indicated as [HT].

SPECIES VOUCHER GENBANK No. REFERENCE

Lirula macrospora AF462440 NCBI

AF462441 NCBI

Lirula yunnanensis HQ902156 Fan et al. 2012

Lirula exigua HQ902157 Fan et al. 2012

HQ902154 Fan et al. 2012

HQ902155 Fan et al. 2012

Lirula sichuanensis SAUF1605001 [HT] KY399845 This paper

SAUF1606001 KY399846 This paper

Lophodermium conigenum AY422489 Pan et al. 2006

Lophodermium australe KM106810 Oono et al. 2014

KM106812 Oono et al. 2014

Lophodermium indianum KF636510 NCBI

KF636502 NCBI

Rhytisma panamense GQ253102 Hou et al. 2010

Rhizosphaera kalkhofhi KM435342 Azeem et al. 2015

JQ353721 You et al. 2013

Taxonomy

Lirula sichuanensis X.L. Xu, C.L. Yang & Y.G. Liu, sp. nov. FIGs 1-12

MycoBank MB 819592

Differs from Lirula macrospora by its larger asci and ascospores, its branched, unswollen

(or only slightly swollen) paraphyses, and its hypophyllous conidiomata forming a

continuous or interrupted row on both sides of the substrate needle’s stomatal line.

Type: China, Sichuan Province, Pingwu County, Yangdonghe Plantation, alt. 2822 m, on

needle of Picea likiangensis var. rubescens Rehder & E.H. Wilson (Pinaceae), 5 May 2016,

X.L. Xu & C.L. Yang 160504 (Holotype, SAUF1605001; GenBank KY399845).

ETtyMoLoGy: sichuanensis, referring to Sichuan Province where the specimens were

collected.

842 ... Yang & al.

AscoMaTA hypophyllous (occasionally epiphyllous), nervisequious, on

previous year dead needles but still attached to a living twig; dull to shining black

in surface view, (2-—)4-12(-17) x 0.38-0.6 mm, no perimeter line, variably long

and extending at times almost the entire length of the needle; intra-epidermal in

median vertical section, 190-330 um deep; strongly raised above the surface of

the substrate, opening widely by a single longitudinal split, exposing the canary

yellow hymenium. COVERING STROMA conspicuous and well carbonized, no

lip cell observed; <96-133 um thick near the ascomal centre, becoming thinner

towards the edges and not extending to the basal layer; consisting of an outer

layer of host cuticle and epidermal cell remnants, an inner layer of brown to

black brown textura angularis with 6-11 um diam. cells, and an innermost

layer of colourless to pale brown textura globulosa with 7-12 um diam. cells.

HYMENIUM concave to flat, (80-)100-210 um thick. SUBHYMENIUM hyaline,

deep concave, composed of hyaline, pseudoparenchymatous cells. BASAL

STROMA poorly developed or almost absent. ParApuHysES filiform, straight or

curved, longer than asci, 180-240 um long, 2.6-4.2 um thick at the base, multi-

septate, tapering towards the tip, 1.4—2.3 um thick, not or only slightly swollen,

often branched near the top or in the middle, surrounded by a gelatinous matrix

1.7-2.7 um thick, but not forming an epithecium. Asc clavate, subtruncate at

the apex when maturing, tapered below to a short stipe, 105-166 x 16-23 um,

J-, 8-spored. Ascosporss cylindrical-clavate, hyaline, arranged in fascicles,

51-90 x 5-7 um, rounded at the apex, tapered towards the base, encased in a

conspicuous (3.7-6.6 um thick) hyaline gelatinous sheath.

Conip1oMaTA hypophyllous, on both sides of the stomatal lines, forming

two continuous or interrupted rows on dead needles attached to living twigs,

110-360 um wide, intra-epidermal in vertical section, 58-65 um deep;

concolorous with the substrate or pale brown, appearing as shining blisters,

round or ellipse or irregular shape, opening by sparse little ostioles. UPPER

WALL absent. BASAL WALL extremely poorly developed. Conip1a hyaline,

baculiform, straight or slightly curved, 4-7 x 2 um.

ZONE LINES not observed.

HABITAT & DISTRIBUTION: Producing conidiomata and ascomata on dead

needles still attached to living twigs. Known only from Sichuan Province,

China.

Fics. 1-8. Lirula sichuanensis (holotype, SAUF1605001) sexual stage on Picea needles. 1. Ascomata

observed under the dissecting microscope. 2. Ascoma in vertical section. 3. Covering stroma near

the centre of ascoma in vertical section. 4. Asci and paraphyses. 5. Paraphysis bases and a young

ascus. 6. Paraphysis tips. 7. Ascus containing eight ascospores. 8. A single released ascospore.

843

Lirula sichuanensis sp. nov. (China) ...

844 ... Yang & al.

stomata

pycnidia

Figs. 9-12. Lirula sichuanensis (SAUF1606001) asexual stage on Picea needles. 9. Pycnidia

observed under the dissecting microscope. 10. Pycnidium in vertical section. 11. Sporogenous

tissue. 12. Conidia.

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED—CHINA, SICHUAN PROVINCE, Pingwu County,

Yangdonghe Plantation, alt. 2822 m, on Picea likiangensis var. rubescens, 13 June

2016, X.L. Xu & C.L. Yang 160613 (SAUF1606001; GenBank KY399846); GANzI

AUTONOMOUS PREFECTURE, Luhuo County, alt. 3240 m, on Picea likiangensis var.

rubescens, 30 July 2014, X.L. Xu & C.L. Yang 140730 (SAUF1407001).

Discussion

Few gene sequences of Lirula are available in GenBank. ITS rDNA sequence

analysis clustered L. sichuanensis in an independent lineage with L. macrospora

and L. yunnanensis ona branch with 70% bootstrap support apart from L. exigua

in a distant clade. Lirula exigua differs from L. sichuanensis, L. macrospora, and

L. yunnanensis (Darker 1932, Fan et al. 2012) in its paraphyses not swollen at

tips, narrower asci, shorter ascospores, and conidiomata that are scattered and

not in continuous rows. Additionally, L. exigua has been observed in needles

on dead twigs; the areas of needles with ascomata are whitened and fragile;

and the ascomal color and shape are somewhat different (Fan et al. 2012).

Lirula sichuanensis sp. nov. (China) ... 845

100, Lophodermium indianum KF636510

Lophodermium indianum KF 636502

Lophodermium australe KM106810

ea ae australe KM106812

Lophodermium conigenum AY 422489

Rhytisma panamense GQ253 102

100, Lirila sichuanensis KY399845

Lirula sichuanensis iY 399846

Lirula yunnanensis HQ902156

100, Lirula macrospora AF462440

Lirula macrospora AF 462441

100/-Lirula exigua HQ902154

Lirula exigua HQ902155

93 / | Lirula exiguaHQ902157

100 -Rhizosphaera kalkhoffii JQ353721

Rhizosphaera kalkhoffii KM435342

0.05

Fic. 13. Neighbor-joining phylogeny generated from partial ITS sequence analysis of Lirula

sichuanensis and related species, using Rhizosphaera kalkhoffii as outgroup. Bootstrap values

>80% from 1000 replications are shown on the respective branches.

Consequently, L. exigua needs further taxonomic study (including comparison

with the type species, L. nervisequa) to establish whether it belongs in Lirula.

Lirula sichuanensis differs from other species in its distinctive paraphyses,

which are longer and thicker, multi-septate, usually curved, and not to only

slightly swollen at the tips (often branched near the middle or the apex) and

thicker gelatinous sheath. In addition, the ascospores and gelatinous sheath are

thicker, and the conidia are broader. The new species shares a similar habit

with L. brevispora and L. macrospora on the needles of Picea spp. (Darker 1932,

Ziller 1969) but differs from them by its longer thicker branched paraphyses,

conspicuously larger or wider ascospores and gelatinous sheath, and

inconspicuous basal stroma. Lirula macrospora differs in its smaller (100-132

x 14-16 um) clavate-cylindric asci, much smaller (56-68 x 2.5-3 um) clavate

ascospores, unbranched paraphyses with swollen tips, irregularly scattered or

sometimes 2-3 coalescent conidiomata that do not form two continuous or

interrupted rows on needles (Darker 1932), much smaller (2.5-4.5 x 1.2-1.5

um) conidia, and sometimes producing trichogynes (Lin et al. 2012). Ascal

shape and size of L. sichuanensis is similar to that of L. yunnanensis, which

differs by its bluish grey to bluish black ascomata, its narrower ascospores often

846 ... Yang & al.

covered by gelatinous caps and a thinner gelatinous sheath, and its bigger,

deeper, pale yellowish brown, epiphyllous, nervisequious pycnidia (Fan et al.

2012).

Lirula sichuanensis causes serious needle blight of Picea likiangensis var.

rubescens in planted forests in Sichuan. It usually infects 1-year-old needles of

20- to 30-year-old trees from May to July and in the following March to May

produces ascomata on 2-year-old needles. According to our survey, this disease

spreads quickly in planted spruce forests. An overall investigation is needed

to understand the scope and area affected by the disease, and this pathogen

should be controlled at ecological security level by forestry measures or drug

treatment.

Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to Prof. Y.R. Lin and Dr. H.D. Zheng for serving as pre-

submission reviewers leading to the improvement of our manuscript and to Dr. Shaun

Pennycook for critical review of the manuscript and nomenclature help. This study was

supported by the Forest Pest Management and Quarantine Station of Sichuan Province

for the Ecological Forest Diseases and Pests Control along the Upper Yangtze River.

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2015. Chemodiversity and biodiversity of fungi associated with the pine weevil Hylobius abietis.

Fungal Biology 119(8): 738-746. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2015.04.008

Darker GD. 1932. The Hypodermataceae of conifers. Published by the Arnold Arboretum of

Harvard University 1. 131 p.

Darker GD. 1967. A revision of the genera of the Hypodermataceae. Canadian Journal of Botany

45(8): 1399-1444. https://doi.org/10.1139/b67-145

Fan L, Lin YR, Wang S, Hou CL. 2012. Two species of Lirula on Abies from Yunnan, Southwest

China. Mycological Progress 11(1): 279-286. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-011-0747-0

Hou CL, Trampe T, Piepenbring M. 2010. A new species of Rhytisma causes tar spot on

Comarostaphylis arbutoides (Ericaceae) in Panama. Mycopathologia 169(3): 225-229.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11046-009-9250-4

Kaneko S. 1993. Parasitic fungi on woody plants from Pakistan Himalaya. Cryptogamic Flora of

Pakistan 2(2): 149-168.

Kaneko S. 2003. Two new species of Lirula on Abies from Japan. Mycoscience 44(4): 335-338.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10267-003-0121-4

Kimura M. 1980. A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through

comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. Journal of Molecular Evolution 16(2): 111-120.

https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01731581

Lin YR, Liu HY, Hou CL, Wang SJ, Ye M, Huang CL, Xiang Y, Yu SM. 2012. Flora fungorum

sinicorum. vol. 40, Rhytismatales [in Chinese]. Science Press, Beijing.

Oono R, Lutzoni FE, Arnold AE, Kaye L, U’ren JM, May G, Carbone I. 2014. Genetic variation

in horizontally transmitted fungal endophytes of pine needles reveals population structure

in cryptic species. American Journal of Botany 101(8): 1362-1374.

https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1400141

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Pan X, Liu YG, Zou LK, Peng PH, Chen WD, Liu YG. 2006. Cloning and sequencing of the ITS

regions of Lophodermium spp. Biotechnology 16(4): 5-7.

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analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods.

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interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequences alignment aided by quality analysis tools.

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https://doi.org/10.1139/b69-037

MY COTAXON

October-December 2017— Volume 132, pp. 849-855

https://doi.org/10.5248/132.849

Hypoderma rubi on two new hosts in Slovakia

MARTIN PASTIRGAK! & KATARiNA PASTIRCAKOVA”

‘National Agricultural and Food Centre, Plant Production Research Institute,

Bratislavskd 122, SK-92168 Piestany, Slovakia

*Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Forest Ecology, Branch for Woody Plant Biology,

Akademickd 2, SK-94901 Nitra, Slovakia

“ CORRESPONDENCE TO: uefezima@hotmail.com

ABSTRACT—Hypoderma rubi was found on the previous year’s fallen petioles of Fraxinus

chinensis subsp. rhynchophylla and on attached dead twigs of Rhododendron fortunei in

Slovakia. The fungus, which is recorded for the first time on these host taxa, also represents a

new taxon for the Slovak mycota. The morphological characteristics of the fungus found on

Slovak collections are described.

Key worps—Chinese ash, Fortune's rhododendron, morphology, Rhytismataceae,

Rhytismatales

Introduction

Hypoderma rubi, the type and best-known species of Hypoderma

(Rhytismataceae, Rhytismatales), occurs on a large number of herbaceous

and woody plant genera and has an extensive geographical distribution.

According to Farr & Rossman (2017), most records are from Asia (China,

India), although the fungus has also been recorded in New Zealand, North

America (USA), Central America (Panama), and Europe (Czech Republic,

Germany, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine, United Kingdom). European findings of

the fungus are mainly on the type host genus Rubus L. (Hilitzer 1929, Lotz-

Winter et al. 2011, Moreno et al. 2004, Eriksson 2014, Lantz et al. 2011,

Dudka et al. 2004, Cannon et al. 1985). There are also some specimens of

H. rubi from other European countries (Channel Islands, Italy, Norway),

Asia (Japan), South America (Chile), and Africa (Malawi) in the K & IMI

850 ... Pastiréak & Pastircakova

fungaria (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew) that have not yet been formally

published.

In 2015, during a survey of the mycota of trees and shrubs in Mlynany

Arboretum of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, two collections of H. rubi

were made. This species is not listed in the checklist of fungi of Slovakia

(Lizon & Bacigalova 1998), and there are no previous records of it in Slovakia.

Petrak’s records of H. rubi on Rubus spp. (deposited in international herbaria,

e.g. BPI, IMI, K) collected in the former Czechoslovakia, originate in

the territory of Czech Republic. This paper presents, therefore, the first

collections of H. rubi from Slovakia, and the first on Fraxinus chinensis

subsp. rhynchophylla (Hance) A.E. Murray and Rhododendron fortunei

Lindl. A description and illustrations of the fungus based on the Slovak

collections are provided.

Materials & methods

The previous year’s petioles of FE. chinensis subsp. rhynchophylla and attached

dead twigs of R. fortunei were collected in the Mlyhany Arboretum (south-west of

Slovakia) in autumn 2015. The specimens were examined using an Olympus SZ61

stereomicroscope and Olympus BX51 standard light microscope. Morphological

and microscopic examinations were carried out on dried material rehydrated in

water. Lactophenol blue solution (Merck, Darmstadt) was used to stain hyaline

structures. The morphological structures of the fungus were photographed using an

Olympus SP350 digital camera. We compared our measurements with previously

published descriptions. Voucher specimens are deposited in the Plant Pathology

Herbarium of the Institute of Forest Ecology of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Nitra,

Slovakia (NR).

Taxonomy

Hypoderma rubi (Pers.) DC. ex Chevall.,

J. Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat. Arts. 94: 31 (1822) FIGURE 1

= Hypoderma virgultorum DC., Fl. Frang., Ed. 3, 6: 165 (1815), nom. illeg.

= Hypoderma commune (Fr.) Duby, Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve 16: 53 (1861)

HyYSTEROTHECIA embedded in the previous year’s fallen Chinese ash

petioles and in paler portions of Fortune’s rhododendron twigs, abundant,

subcuticular, black, elliptical to elongated-elliptical, raising the substrate

surface, (0.4—)0.8-2.7 x 0.3-0.6 mm, opening by a single longitudinal split,

lips grey, clypeus thickened towards the lips. Lip cELLs hyaline, 14-20.5 x

2.5-3.5 um. Asci unitunicate, clavate, long-stalked, (75-)90-125 x

10-14.5 um, 8-spored. Ascospores hyaline, aseptate, guttulate, elongated-

New hosts for Hypoderma rubi (Slovakia) ... 851

FiGuRE 1. Hypoderma rubi (A, C-H = NR 5477; B, I-L = NR 5478). A: Hysterothecia, pycnidia

and zone lines on Fraxinus petiole; B: Hysterothecia on Rhododendron twig; C: Mature

hysterothecium (surface view); D: Hysterothecium in vertical section; E: Lip cells; F: Asci with

ascospores; G: Paraphyses; H: Ascospores; I: Pycnidia (surface view); J: Pycnidium (detail of

surface appearance); K: Conidiogenous cells with conidia; L: Conidia. Scale bars: A, B = 1 mm;

C=0.5 mm; D = 100 um; E, H, K =5 um; F G= 10 um; I = 200 um; J = 50 um; L = 2 um.

clavate to cylindrical, bent towards the top end, 18-25 x 2.5-3.5 um, usually

not covered by a gelatinous sheath but sometimes clad in a thin sheath.

852 ... Pastiréak & Pastircakova

TABLE 1. Biometric characteristics of Hypoderma rubi from the Slovak material

and as reported by other authors.

MoRPHOLOGY CANNON & MINTER (1986) JOHNSTON (1990) SLOVAK MATERIAL

Hysterothecia (mm) 1.4-2.5(-3.0) x 0.5-0.75 0.8-3.0 x 0.3-0.6 (0.4-)0.8-2.7 x 0.3-0.6

Asci (um) 87-130 x 12-14.5 110-160 x 11-14 (75-)90-125 x 10-14.5

Ascospores (um) (16—)20-24(-30) x 2.5-3.5 15-28 x 2.5-5.5 18-25 x 2.5-3.5

Pycnidia (um diam.) 75-250(-300) 100-300 (80-)105-220

Conidia (um) 2-4 x 0.75-1 3-5 x 1-1.5 2-4x1

PARAPHYSES hyaline, filiform, septate, branched or unbranched, not swollen

at the apex, as long as mature asci, covered by a gelatinous sheath. PYCNIDIA

subcuticular, black, circular, (80-)105-220 um diam., opening by 1-2

small central ostioles, accompanying the hysterothecia. CONIDIOGENOUS

CELLS cylindrical, tapering towards the apex, hyaline, 7-12 x 1-2 um.

ConipiIA cylindrical, sometimes allantoid, hyaline, aseptate, 2-4 x 1 um.

ZONE LINES black, thin.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED—SLOVAKIA. ViEsKA NAD ZiITAvou, Mlynhany Arboretum,

48.3203°N 18.3668°E, on the previous year’s petioles of Fraxinus chinensis subsp.

rhynchophylla (Oleaceae), 2 Oct. 2015, leg. et det. K. Pastir¢éakova (NR 5477);

48.3208°N 18.3692°E, on dead attached twigs of Rhododendron fortunei (Ericaceae),

9 Nov. 2015, leg. et det. M. Pastircak (NR 5478).

The fungus was identified as Hypoderma rubi based on morphological

description and measurements of reproductive structures. A comparison of

some biometric characteristics of H. rubi on Rubus sp. (Cannon & Minter

1986), on different host plants Johnston 1990), and of the Slovak material is

given in TABLE 1. Morphometric data of the Slovak collections correspond

well to previously published descriptions. Although ascospores usually are

not covered by a gelatinous sheath, a thin sheath was often observed after

staining (Fic. 1H). Hou et al. (2007) also recorded H. rubi on Cunninghamia

lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook. (Cupressaceae) with ascospores clad in a thin

gelatinous sheath.

The findings of H. rubi on F. chinensis subsp. rhynchophylla and R. fortunei

from Slovakia represent the first records of the fungus in the country and

new host taxa for the fungus.

Discussion

Rubus is the principal host genus on which Hypoderma rubi is most

commonly collected (Minter 1984). However, according to Farr & Rossman

New hosts for Hypoderma rubi (Slovakia) ... 853

(2017), H. rubi has been recorded on leaves, stems, and petioles of species

representing 35 host genera in 27 families. The species therefore seems to

be widely plurivorous, although Cannon & Minter (1986), who doubt the

conspecificity of the fungi on these hosts, suggest that numerous taxa may

be involved. According to Lantieri et al. (2011), the genetic relationships

amongst specimens identified as H. rubi are poorly resolved and the

application of this name by different authors is uncertain. There are as yet

very few molecular data available for H. rubi and from only a few hosts

(Lantieri et al. 2011, Lantz et al. 2011). A comprehensive phylogenetic study

is necessary to determine their identity and relationships.

Hypoderma rubi on Rhododendron sp. has been recorded in Europe

(Wales; Smith 1951) and Asia (Malaysia; Spooner 1991). In China,

four other Hypoderma species are known on Rhododendron spp.:

H. rhododendri-mariesii Y.R. Lin & S.J. Wang on R. mariesii Hemsl. & E.H.

Wilson (Lin et al. 2004), H. cuspidatum C.L. Hou & M. Piepenbr., H. shiqii

C.L. Hou & M. Piepenbr., and H. urniforme C.L. Hou & M. Piepenbr. on

Rhododendron sp. (Hou & Piepenbring 2006, Hou et al. 2007). They differ

from H. rubi mainly by the shape and position of their hysterothecia as well

as ascospore characteristics. Hypoderma rhododendri-mariesii has smaller

(<860 um long) hysterothecia, asci with cylindric-fusiform ascospores,

and shorter ((9—)11-17 um) ascospores; H. cuspidatum has intraepidermal

hysterothecia with acute ends, ascospores with thick gelatinous sheaths, and

unbranched paraphyses; H. shiqii has intraepidermal hysterothecia without

lips that often open with one slit and additional lateral fissures, clavate asci

with bifusiform ascospores, and ascospores with thick gelatinous sheaths;

and H. urniforme is characterised by urniform, intraepidermal hysterothecia

with red-brown lips and almost cylindrical asci with ellipsoidal to long-

ellipsoidal ascospores with irregular gelatinous sheaths. H. cuspidatum,

H. shigii, and H. urniforme often occur together on the same twigs (Hou et

al. 2007).

On-line databases of the British Mycological Society (Fungal Records

Database of Britain and Ireland, http://www.fieldmycology.net) and Royal

Botanic Gardens, Kew (Herb. IMI database, http://www.herbimi.info)

include data on fungarium specimens of H. rubi on dead fallen leaves and

dead attached twigs of Rhododendron ponticum L., R. sinogrande Balf. f. &

W.W. Sm. and R. sp. from Scotland (IMI 358124b, 358144, 358155, 358157,

358158a); and on dead fallen petioles of Fraxinus excelsior L. from England

(IMI 339025, K(M)160355). These records are evidently not yet published.

854 ... Pastiréak & Pastircakova

In the USA, Hanlin (1963) recorded Hypoderma commune on Fraxinus

americana L.; however Powell (1974) treated H. commune as a synonym

of H. rubi. Based on the available literature and electronic resources, we

consider that only one Hypoderma species, H. rubi, has been recorded on

Fraxinus.

Acknowledgments

We sincerely thank Roger T.A. Cook (UK) and Brian M. Spooner (UK) for kindly

correcting the English and for their valuable comments, which helped to improve the

manuscript. The authors are also indebted to Peter R. Johnston (Landcare Research,

Auckland, New Zealand) and Hyeon-Dong Shin (Korea University, Seoul, South

Korea) for critical comments on the manuscript and for acting as peer-reviewers.

This study was supported by the Scientific Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education

of the Slovak Republic and of Slovak Academy of Sciences, projects VEGA No.

2/0071/14 and No. 2/0183/14.

Literature cited

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155. 123 p.

Cannon PF, Hawksworth DL, Sherwood-Pike MA. 1985. The British Ascomycotina: an annotated

checklist. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, Surrey, UK.

Dudka IO, Heluta VP, Tykhonenko YY, Andrianova TV, Hayova VP, Prydiuk MP, Dzhagan VV,

Isikov VP. 2004. Fungi of the Crimean Peninsula. M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National

Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine.

Eriksson OE. 2014. Checklist of the non-lichenized ascomycetes of Sweden. Acta Universitatis

Upsaliensis: Symbolae Botanicae Upsalienses 36(2): 499 p.

Farr DF, Rossman AY. 2017 [continuously updated]. Fungal Databases. U.S. National Fungus

Collection, ARS, USDA. http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/ [accessed February 2017].

Hanlin RT. 1963. A revision of the ascomycetes of Georgia. Georgia Agricultural Experiment

Station, Mimeo Series n.s. 175. 65 p.

Hilitzer A. 1929. Monograficka studie 0 ¢eskych druzich radu Hysteriales a o sypavkach jimi

pusobenych. Etude monographique sur les espéces de lordre Hysteriales, trouvées en Bohéme,

et sur les epiphyties qui en sont causées. Védecké spisy CAZ, Prague 3. 162 p.

Hou CL, Piepenbring M. 2006. Five new species of Hypoderma (Rhytismatales, Ascomycota)

with a key to Hypoderma species known from China. Nova Hedwigia 82(1-2): 91-104.

https://doi.org/10.1127/0029-5035/2006/0082-0091

Hou CL, Lui L, Piepenbring M. 2007. A new species of Hypoderma and description of H. rubi

(Ascomycota) from China. Nova Hedwigia 84: 487-493.

https://doi.org/10.1127/0029-5035/2007/0084-0487

Johnston PR. 1990. Rhytismataceae in New Zealand 3. The genus Hypoderma. New Zealand Journal

of Botany 28(2): 159-183. https://doi.org/10.1080/0028825X.1990.10412355

Lantieri A, Johnston PR, Park D, Lantz H, Medardi G. 2011. Hypoderma siculum sp. nov. from Italy.

Mycotaxon 118: 393-401. https://doi.org/10.5248/118.393

Lantz H, Johnston PR, Park D, Minter DW. 2011. Molecular phylogeny reveals a core clade of

Rhytismatales. Mycologia 103: 57-74. https://doi.org/10.3852/10-060

New hosts for Hypoderma rubi (Slovakia) ... 855

Lin YR, Wang SJ, He YE, Ye GB. 2004. Two new taxa of the genus Hypoderma (Rhytismataceae).

Mycosystema 23(1): 11-13.

Lizon P, Bacigalova K. 1998. Fungi. 101-227, in: K Marhold, F Hindak (eds.). Checklist of non-

vascular and vascular plants of Slovakia. Bratislava, Veda.

Lotz-Winter H, Hofmann T, Kirschner R, Kursawe M, Trampe T, Piepenbring M. 2011. Fungi in

the Botanical Garden of the University of Frankfurt. Zeitschrift fiir Mykologie 77: 89-122.

Minter DW. 1984. Hypoderma rubi. CMI Description of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria 781. 2 p.

Moreno G, Galan R, Llarandi E, Raitviir A. 2004. Estudio de los hongos que fructifican en el

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Powell PE. 1974. Taxonomic studies in the genus Hypoderma (Rhytismataceae). PhD dissertation,

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MY COTAXON

October-December 2017— Volume 132, pp. 857-865

https://doi.org/10.5248/132.857

New reports of Myriospora (Acarosporaceae) from Europe

KERRY KNUDSEN’, JANA KOCOURKOVA' & ULF SCHIEFELBEIN”

" Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Ecology,

Kamycka 129, Praha 6 - Suchdol, CZ-165 21, Czech Republic

? Bliicherstrafse 71, D- 18055 Rostock, Germany

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: knudsen@fzp.czu.cz

ABsTRACT—Myriospora dilatata is newly reported for the Czech Republic and M. myochroa

new for Italy. Myriospora rufescens was rediscovered in Germany almost 100 years after

its first collection. A neotype is designated for Acarospora fusca, which is recognized as a

synonym of M. rufescens.

Key worps—Mpyriospora hassei, Silobia, Trimmatothelopsis

Introduction

The genus Myriospora in the Acarosporaceae is a well-supported clade

distinguished by a constellation of morphological characters (non-lecideine

apothecia, high hymenium, thin paraphyses, interrupted algal layer, short

conidia, no secondary metabolites or norstictic acid) (Wedin et al. 2009;

Westberg et al. 2011, 2015). The genus currently contains 12 species that

occur in Antarctica, Asia, Europe, and North and South America (Knudsen

2011, Westberg et al. 2011, Knudsen et al. 2012, Knudsen & Bungartz 2014,

Schiefelbein et al. 2015, Purvis et al. in press). Myriospora fulvoviridula (Harm.)

Cl. Roux is a synonym of M. scabrida (H. Magn.) K. Knudsen & Arcadia

(Knudsen et al. 2017, Roux et al. 2014). The most common species in the genus

is M. smaragdula (Wahlenb.) Nageli ex Uloth, which occurs in Asia, Europe,

North and South America (Magnusson 1929, Knudsen 2007, Westberg et al.

2011, Knudsen et al. 2012). The center of diversity of the genus appears to be

in Europe where nine species occur. The genus was originally treated as Silobia

858 ... Knudsen, Kocourkova & Schiefelbein

(Westberg et al. 2011, Knudsen 2011) and briefly as Trimmatothelopsis [(Roux

& Navarro-Rosinés 2011); for a current circumscription of Trimmatothelopsis

see Knudsen & Lendemer 2016]. It is now treated under its oldest available

name Myriospora (Arcadia & Knudsen 2012).

While the reported diversity of Acarosporaceae is high in Europe (Magnusson

1929, 1956), no species is particularly frequent except for Acarospora fuscata

(Schrad.) Arnold. It is not unusual to collect all day on rocks and soil in the

Czech Republic, Germany, or the Italian Alps and only find one or two species

of Acarosporaceae besides A. fuscata. Because of this diversity of taxa and

infrequency of populations, not to mention problems identifying many species,

there are possibilities for new discoveries. In this paper, we report three new

records of Myriospora species in Europe.

Materials & methods

Myriospora specimens from institutional herbaria (PRM, STU, TBS, UCR, UPS)

and personal herbaria of Jana Kocourkova and Kerry Knudsen (hb. K & K) and Ulf

Schiefelbein (hb. Schiefelbein) were determined using key and descriptions by Westberg

et al. (2011). They were analyzed with standard microscopy and spot tests (Nash et al.

2002). Undiluted fresh Lugol's solution (Merck) was used to test amyloid reactions of the

hymenium and subhymenium. The description of M. rufescens according to Westberg

et al. (2011) was revised. Jana Kocourkova photographed M. rufescens using a digital

camera Olympus DP72 attached to an Olympus SZX7 Stereomicroscope and Olympus

BX51 fitted with a Nomarski differential interference contrast and image stacks

processed with software Olympus Deep Focus 3.1.

Taxonomy

Myriospora dilatata (M. Westb. & Wedin) K. Knudsen & Arcadia,

Opusc. Philolich. 11:21, 2012.

= Silobia dilatata M. Westb. & Wedin, Lichenologist 43(1): 12, 2011.

Type: Sweden. Torne Lappmark. Jukkasjarvi par., Tornehamn, shore of Lake

Tornetrask, on silicate rock, 3 Sept. 2006, E. Baloch SW116 (S [n.v.], holotype).

=Trimmatothelopsis dilatata (M. Westb. & Wedin) Cl. Roux &

Nav.-Ros., Bull. Soc. Linn. Provence 62: 176, 2011.

DESCRIPTION. See Westberg et al. (2011, as Silobia dilatata). For pictures see

Westberg et al. (2011) and Wirth et al. (2013).

EcoLocy & DISTRIBUTION. Ferrophilous, heavy metal tolerant, often in

moist habitats near streams. Czech Republic (Bohemia), Germany (Wirth et

al. 2011, 2013), Norway (Westberg et al. 2011), Sweden (Westberg et al. 2011).

SPECIMEN EXAMINED. CZECH REPUBLIC. NorRTHERN BOHEMIA. Krkonoése Mts,

Snézka Mt., SSE of former mine ‘Kovarna, 50°43’35”N 15°43’58.7’E, alt. 1075 m, humid

New Myriospora reports for Europe ... 859

lower edge of boulder scree, mica-schist outcrop enriched of heavy metals (copper ores

and arsenopyrite), 8 Sept. 2016, J. Kocourkova 9083 & K. Knudsen (hb. K & K).

Discussion. Myriospora dilatata is easily identified among Myriospora by

its orange to reddish areoles, non-punctiform apothecia, lack of secondary

metabolites, and occurrence on substrates rich in iron and other heavy metals

(Westberg et al. 2011). The species is reported as rare in Bohemia in the Czech

Republic. In the KrkonosSe Mountains M. dilatata was growing on a mica-

schist outcrop enriched with heavy metals (copper ores and arsenopyrite) in a

relatively moist habitat with abandoned mining pits. In these same mountains,

the often red-powdered ferrophilous species Acarospora sinopica (Wahlenb.)

Korb. is common (hb. K & K) and there have been several collections by

Zdenék Palice (PRA) and V. Kutak (PRM) of the orange ferrophilous species

M. tangerina (M. Westb. & Wedin) K. Knudsen & Arcadia (Westberg et

al. 2011, Knudsen et al. 2017). Punctiform apothecia easily distinguish

A. sinopica from M. dilatata with its areoles with dilated apothecia. With

difficult specimens the full description and discussion of A. sinopica in

Magnusson (1929) is informative. Punctiform apothecia also distinguish

M. tangerina from M. dilatata as well as large squamules. An apparently cryptic

ferrophilous taxon of Myriospora, similar in appearance to M. dilatata and

sometimes identified as Acarospora smaragdula f. subochracea H. Magn., was

reported in an unpublished molecular analysis of specimens from the Alps

but not yet described (Westberg et al. 2011). This report extends the range of

M. dilatata from Fennoscandia to Central Europe.

Myriospora myochroa (M. Westb.) K. Knudsen & Arcadia,

Opusc. Philolich. 11:22, 2012.

= Silobia myochroa M. Westb., Lichenologist 43(1): 14, 2011.

Type: Sweden. Bohuslan. Orust, Morlanda Parish, near car park at Stocken, grid ref:

(RT90) 6456258 1241653, c. 1 m, on the vertical surface of a SW-facing rock, 16 Sept.

2003, A. Crewe & O. W. Purvis 719 (S [n.v.], holotype).

= Trimmatothelopsis myochroa (M. Westb.) Cl. Roux & Nav.-

Ros., Bull. Soc. Linn. Provence 62: 176, 2011.

DESCRIPTION. For description and pictures Westberg et al. (2011, as Silobia

myochroa). For picture and map of Italian distribution, see Nimis & Martellos

(2017).

ECOLOGY & DISTRIBUTION. Asia, Europe. Often on silicate rock underhangs

at low to high elevations. In salt spray zone along Atlantic coast. Czech Republic

(Malicek & Vondrak 2016), Finland (Westberg et al. 2011), France (Roux et

al. 2014), Germany (Wirth et al. 2013, Schiefelbein et al. 2015), Italy, Norway

860 ... Knudsen, Kocourkova & Schiefelbein

(Westberg et al. 2011), Poland (Flakus 2014), Russia (Siberia) (Zhdanov 2013),

Sweden (Westberg et al. 2011).

SELECTED SPECIMEN EXAMINED. ITALY. FRIULI. Giogaia dei Fleors: sen tiero vs la

cima, 2406 m, in silicate rock underhang, 17 Aug. 1996, M. Tretiach 24565 (TBS).

Discussion. Our discovery of specimens of Myriospora myochroa in TBS

extends the species range into Italy. If spot tests are negative and crystals of

norstictic acid are not observed in the cortex with polarized light, M. myochroa

is sometimes misidentified as M. hassei (Herre) K. Knudsen & Arcadia, a

species we currently consider endemic to the Pacific Plate Lichen Bioregion on

the south and central coast of California (Knudsen 2011, Knudsen & Bungartz

2014, Nimis 2016, Nimis & Martellos 2017).

Myriospora rufescens (Ach.) Hepp ex Uloth, Flora 44: 618, 1861. FIG. 1

= Sagedia rufescens Ach., Lichenogr. Univ. 329, 1810.

TYPE: Great Britain. England. Turner 23 (H-ACH-980[n.v.]), lectotype (designated

in Westberg et al. 2011).

= Lecanora rufescens (Ach.) Nyl., Flora 55: 364, 1872.

= Acarospora rufescens (Ach.) Kremp., Lich.-Fl. Bayern.: 173 (1861).

= Silobia rufescens (Ach.) M. Westb. & Wedin, Lichenologist 43(1): 18, 2011.

= Trimmatothelopsis rufescens (Ach.) Cl. Roux & Nav.-

Ros., Bull. Soc. Linn. Provence 62: 176, 2011.

= Acarospora fusca B. de Lesd., Recherch. Lich. Dunkerque 1(Suppl.): 100, 1914, syn. nov.

Type: France. Dunkerque. Malo Terminus, dunes, 1910, B. des Lesdain

s.n. (holotype [n.v.]. Presumed lost in bombing of Dunkirk in WwW2).

Germany. Mecklenburg. West Pomerania, Vorpommern-Greifswald, Greifswald,

Koos Island, eastern edge of the island, 54°10’13”N 13°25’19’E, c. 1 m, on single

boulder on boulder beach, 6 Aug. 2004, U. Schiefelbein 4446 (Neotype designated

here, NY; isoneotype, hb. Schiefelbein).

HyPoTHALLus endosubstratic, I-. THattus epilithic, areolate, areoles

verruciform [areoles with an immersed apothecium dilating until the thallus

is reduced to a thalline margin around the disc and often resembling Lecanora

apothecia and/or areoles not verruciform, rounded to angular, 0.4-0.9(-1.5)

mm diam., on smooth surfaces forming a contiguous indeterminate crust,

becoming dispersed on uneven rock surface, replicating by the division of

the areoles, the upper surface dark grey to dark greyish or reddish brown,

epruinose, smooth to rugulose, flat to somewhat convex, lower surface

broadly attached, epicortical layer lacking, upper cortex (10—)40-60 um thick,

paraplectenchymatous but individual cells difficult to distinguish, <5 um diam.

Algal layer with or without distinct interruption by thin hyphal bundles, ca.

100 um tall, continuous beneath apothecia. Medulla continuous with attaching

New Myriospora reports for Europe ... 861

Fig. 1. Myriospora rufescens (Acarospora fusca neotype, Schiefelbein 4446): A. Dispersed areoles of

the thallus with solitary apothecia; B. Areoles with mostly solitary apothecia forming a contiguous

indeterminate crust; C. Apothecia 1-(2-4) per areole in contiguous crust; D. Vertical section of

ascoma. Scale bars: A~C = 500 um; D = 100 um.

862 ... Knudsen, Kocourkova & Schiefelbein

hyphae, mostly 2-3 um wide, mixed with substrate particles. APOTHECIA

1-(2-4) per areole, immersed, disc rounded, 0.07-0.25(-0.60) mm diam.,

reddish brown to blackening, flat, smooth or rough, epruinose, parathecium

colorless in section, ca. 15 um below the hymenium, expanding up to 60 um

near the surface, uppermost cells with dark brown caps, forming an indistinct

perithecial crown concolorous with the thallus or becoming blacker,

epihymenium reddish brown to dark brown. HyMENtuM (100-)120-140(-160)

tum tall (as low as 85 um per Magnusson 1929), I- red. PARAPHYSES 1-1.5 um

wide at midlevel, sparsely branched, tips cylindrical to clavate, widened to 2.5 um,

asci up to 150 x 27 um. AscosporeEs narrowly ellipsoid to bacilliform, 3-6 x

(1-)1.5(-2) um. SUBHYMENIUM opaque, (20-)40-55 um tall inspersed with oil

drops, I+ blue. Pycnip1A not observed.

ECOLOGY & DISTRIBUTION. Usually on smooth or rough surfaces of silicate

rock. Czech Republic (Magnusson 1929), France (Roux et al. 2014), Germany

(Magnusson 1929, Westberg et al. 2011), Norway (Westberg et al. 2011),

Sweden (Westberg et al. 2011), United Kingdom (Magnusson 1929, Fletcher et

al. 2009, Westberg et al. 2011).

OTHER SPECIMENS EXAMINED. GERMANY. Lower Saxony. District Stade, NefSsand

island: c. 250 m W of the Inselwarthaus, 53°33’20’N 9°45’25’E, c. 5 m, acidophilous,

nutrient-poor grassland with single shrubs, on siliceous stone in the grass, 26 Sept. 2015,

U. Schiefelbein 4415, (hb. Schiefelbein); c. 200 m S of the Inselwarthaus, 53°33’15”N

9°45’40”E, c. 5 m, pile of stone in a nutrient-poor grassland, forming large patch on

siliceous boulder, 26 Sept. 2015, U. Schiefelbein 4416 (hb. Schiefelbein).

Discussion. Myriospora rufescens is distinguished from other members

of the genus by its small (<0.5 mm diam.) apothecia with a relatively short

(usually 120-140 um) hymenium with thin paraphyses and tall subhymenium

inspersed with oil drops (Westberg et al. 2011). As in M. dilatata, the apothecia

are not punctiform but dilated, often forming verruciform areoles reminiscent

of Lecanora apothecia.

Magnusson (1929) considered Acarospora rufescens and A. fusca to

represent distinct species, but we consider them conspecific, representing two

different morphotypes that can intergrade even in the same population. Thus in

Magnusson (1929), A. rufescens was the morphotype with verruciform areoles

often resembling Lecanora apothecia (see Fic. 14 and also lectotype photo in

Westberg et al. 2011) while A. fusca represented the morphotype with mostly

contiguous non-verruciform areoles, often with two or more apothecia and

usually forming a thin indeterminate crust (Fic. 1B,c). The holotype of A. fusca

in Bouly de Lesdain’s herbarium is presumed to have been lost in World War II

during the 1940 bombing of Dunkirk, as were many other specimens cited by

New Myriospora reports for Europe ... 863

= = oe pate

Le Se ae

= eS — > — = : to

Fig. 2. Acarospora fusca neotype locality on boulder beach

in Koos Island, Mecklenburg, Germany.

Magnusson in his Acarospora monograph (Magnusson 1929, Abbeyes 1966).

The only recorded collection of M. rufescens in Germany was made in Anhalt,

Bernburg, by G.H. Zschacke in 1907 (Magnusson 1929, Westberg et al. 2011,

Wirth et al. 2013). This German collection of M. rufescens was identified as

A. fusca (Magnusson 1929). We designate a modern collection by Ulf

Schiefelbein from Koos Island in Germany as the neotype of A. fusca, deposit

it in NY, and formally recognize A. fusca as a synonym of M. rufescens. It has

been over 100 years since M. rufescens was last collected in Germany in 1907.

A return trip to Koos Island revealed no additional M. rufescens on the other

rocks along the shore.

Myriospora rufescens is a small species that can be overlooked, especially

in a mixed saxicolous community. The three 21st century German collections

suggest that M. rufescens prefers microhabitats with high annual relative

humidity. The neotype locality for Acarospora fusca on Koos Island is a boulder

beach on the western edge of Greifswalder Bodden, a bay of the Baltic Sea (Fic.

2). The neotype population occurred on the top of a large boulder that was not

usually inundated but regularly sprayed by waves of brackish water, leaving salt

crystals embedded in the cortex and apothecia. The two other modern German

sites for M. rufescens were on the small narrow island of Nefsand, located just

downstream from Hamburg at the mouth of Elbe River.

864 ... Knudsen, Kocourkova & Schiefelbein

Acknowledgments

We thank our reviewers, J.C. Lendemer (NY) and J. McCarthy, S.J. (Canada). We

thank for their assistance P.L. Nimis (TBS) and the curators of PRA, PRM, STU, TBS,

UCR, and UPS. The work of Jana Kocourkova and Kerry Knudsen was financially

supported by 42900/1312/3166 [Environmental aspects of sustainable development of

society], a grant from the Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life

Sciences Prague.

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Lichenologique 34: 370-375.

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group. Opuscula Philolichenum 11: 19-25.

Flakus A. 2014. Porosty piétra turniowego Tatr Polskich [Lichens of the subnival belt of the Polish

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Fletcher A, James PW, Purvis OW. 2009. Acarospora A. Massal. (1852). 125-132, in: CW Smith

et al. (eds). The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland, 2nd ed. British Lichen Society, London.

Knudsen K. 2007. Acarospora smaragdula in North America. Evansia 24(4): 94-96.

https://doi.org/10.1639/0747-9859-24.4.94

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Opuscula Philolichenum 9: 27-30.

Knudsen K, Bungartz F. 2014. Myriospora westbergii (Acarosporaceae), a new discovery from

the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador. Opuscula Philolichenum 13: 177-183.

Knudsen K, Lendemer JC. 2016. A new perspective on Melanophloea, Thelocarpella and

Trimmatothelopsis: species previously placed in multiple families are united within a single

genus in the Acarosporaceae. Bryologist 119(3): 266-279.

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fulvoviridula is a synonym of Myriospora scabrida. Opuscula Philolichenum 16: 312-316.

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Akademiens Handlingar, ser. 3, 7(4):1-400p.

Magnusson AH. 1956. A second supplement to the monograph of Acarospora with keys. Géteborgs

Kungliga Vetenskaps- och Vitterhets-Samhalles Handlingar, ser. B, 6(17): 1-34.

Malicek J, Vondrak J. 2016. Interesting records of lichens in the Middle Vltava Region II. -

saxicolous species. Bryonora 58: 46-65.

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of Trieste, Dept. of Biology, http://dryades.units.it/italic/. Accessed Feb. 2017.

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for Antarctica with a world-wide key to the species. The Lichenologist.

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MY COTAXON

October-December 2017— Volume 132, pp. 867-874

https://doi.org/10.5248/132.867

Perenniporia puerensis sp. nov. from southern China

WEI-Li Lru’, TaAr-MIN Xv’, SHAN SHEN’,

XIANG-Fu Liu’, YANG SUN' & CHANG-LIN ZHAO**

‘College of Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization, ? College of Life Sciences &

* Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province,

Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, P.R. China

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: fungichanglinz@163.com

ABSTRACT—A new polypore, Perenniporia puerensis, collected from Yunnan province,

southern China, is described and illustrated based on four collections using morphology-

based methods. Macroscopically, the new species is characterized by an annual growth

habit, resupinate basidiocarps with a yellow to ochraceous pore surface, and 4-6 pores per

mm. Microscopically, it has a dimitic hyphal system with non-dextrinoid and cyanophilous

skeletal hyphae that are encrusted with pale-yellow crystals, and basidiospores that are ovoid

to subglobose, thick-walled, non-dextrinoid, cyanophilous, and 4.3-5.5 x 3.7-4.7 um.

Key worps— Basidiomycota, Polyporaceae, Polyporales, taxonomy, white rot fungus

Introduction

Perenniporia Murrill is a large, cosmopolitan genus characterized by

poroid basidiomata and basidiospores that are thick-walled, ellipsoid to

distinctly truncate, cyanophilous and variably dextrinoid and amyloid. The

hyphal system in Perenniporia is di- or trimitic with clamp connections on the

generative hyphae and vegetative hyphae that are cyanophilous and variably

dextrinoid or amyloid (Decock & Stalpers 2006). Approximately one hundred

species have been described in or transferred to the genus (Gilbertson &

Ryvarden 1987; Decock & Ryvarden 1999; Hattori & Lee 1999; Decock et

al. 2001; Nuftez & Ryvarden 2001; Choeyklin et al. 2009; Cui & Zhao 2012;

Zhao & Cui 2013a,b; Zhao et al. 2013; Ryvarden & Melo 2014; Jang et al. 2015;

Decock 2016).

868 ... Liu & al.

Phylogenetic studies of Perenniporia s.]. inferred from nuclear ribosomal

LSU and ITS DNA sequence data well support several monophyletic groups

that can be recognized as distinct genera (Robledo et al. 2009; Zhao & Cui

2013a,b; Zhao et al. 2013) within the polyporoid clade.

Fifty Perenniporia species have been recorded during recent taxonomic

surveys in China (Dai et al. 2002, 2015; Dai 2012), including several new

species (Cui et al. 2007; Xiong et al. 2008; Dai 2010; Dai et al. 2011; Cui &

Zhao 2012; Zhao & Cui 2012, 2013a,b; Zhao et al. 2013, 2014). During one

such recent survey, we identified an undescribed species matching the concept

of Perenniporia.

Materials & methods

Cited specimens are deposited at the herbarium of Southwest Forestry University,

Kunming, China (SWFC). Microscopical protocols follow Dai (2012). Sections were

examined at magnifications up to 1000x using a Nikon Eclipse E 80i microscope and

phase contrast illumination. Drawings were made with the aid of a drawing tube.

Microscopic features, measurements, and drawings were made from slide preparations

stained with Cotton Blue and Melzer’s reagent. Spores were measured from sections cut

from the tubes. To present spore size variations, 5% of measurements were excluded

from each end of the range, and extreme values are given in parentheses. In the text

the following abbreviations are used: M = Melzer’s reagent, M- = both inamyloid and

nondextrinoid, KOH = 5% potassium hydroxide, CB = Cotton Blue, CB+ = cyanophilous,

L = mean spore length (arithmetic average of all spores), W = mean spore width

(arithmetic average of all spores), Q = the range of variation in the L/W ratios of n

number of basidiospores, n = number of basidiospores measured from the 4 specimens

studied. Special color terms follow Petersen (1996).

Taxonomy

Perenniporia puerensis C.L. Zhao, sp. nov. Fies 1, 2

MycoBank MB 823635

Differs from Perenniporia straminea by its bigger pores and bigger basidiospores, from

P. tibetica by its smaller pores and the absence of rhizomorphs; and from P. subacida by its

annual growth habit, its non-dextrinoid skeletal hyphae, and its truncate basidiospores.

Type: China. Yunnan Province: Puer, Laiyanghe Nature Reserve, on a fallen angiosperm

trunk, 21 November 2016, CLZhao 606 (Holotype, SWFC 000606).

ErymMo.oey: The specific epithet puerensis (Lat.) refers to the locality (Puer) of the type

specimen.

BASIDIOMATA annual, resupinate, adnate, without odor or taste when fresh,

becoming corky upon drying, <5 x 3 cm, 2.5 mm thick at the center. Pore

surface cream to buff when fresh, yellow to ochraceous upon drying; pores

Perenniporia puerensis sp. nov. (China) ... 869

Wap?

—_ © , Fy? 7

eal a. %

Fic. 1. Perenniporia puerensis (holotype, SWFC 000606): basidiomata. Scale bars = 1 cm.

870 ... Liu & al.

C OC

2O C C

CO @

10 ym

i NON

iN | , ly

) AN'5|!

—_——

A= Pm!

— <

‘i

\ Z 7

10 um

Fic. 2. Perenniporia puerensis (holotype, SWFC 000606). a. Basidiospores; b. Basidia and basidioles;

c. Cystidioles; d. Hyphae from trama; e. Hyphae from subiculum. Scale bars: a = 5 um; b-e = 10 um.

round to angular, 4-6 per mm; dissepiments thin, entire. Sterile margin

narrow, cream, <1 mm wide. Subiculum cream to buff, thin, <0.5 mm thick.

Tubes concolorous with pore surface, corky, <2 mm long.

HYPHAL STRUCTURE dimitic; generative hyphae with clamp connections;

skeletal hyphae M-, CB+; tissues unchanged in KOH and the pale-yellow

crystals dissolving in KOH.

Perenniporia puerensis sp. nov. (China) ... 871

SUBICULUM generative hyphae infrequent, hyaline, thin-walled, frequently

branched, 2-3.5 um diam.; skeletal hyphae dominant, hyaline, thick-walled

with a wide to narrow lumen, frequently branched, interwoven, 2.5-4.5 um

diam., encrusted with pale-yellow crystals.

TUBE generative hyphae infrequent, hyaline, thin-walled, frequently

branched, 2-3 um diam.; skeletal hyphae dominant, hyaline, thick-walled with

a wide lumen, frequently branched, interwoven, 2-4 um diam., encrusted with

pale-yellow crystals. Cystidia absent, fusoid cystidioles present, hyaline, thin-

walled, 10-16 x 2.5-5 um. Basidia barrel-shaped, with four sterigmata and a

basal clamp connection, 13-18 x 7-10 um; basidioles dominant, mostly pear-

shaped, but slightly smaller than basidia.

BASIDIOSPORES ovoid to subglobose, either truncate or non-truncate,

hyaline, thick-walled, smooth, non-dextrinoid, CB+, (4.1-)4.3-5.5(-5.7) x

(3.5-)3.7-4.7(-5.1) um, L = 4.95 um, W = 4.18 um, Q = 1.14-1.21 (n = 120/4).

TYPE OF ROT: white rot.

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: CHINA. YUNNAN PROVINCE. Puer: Laiyanghe

Nature Reserve, on fallen angiosperm trunk, 21 November 2016, CLZhao 607 (SWFC

000607); CLZhao 608 (SWFC 000608); CLZhao 609 (SWFC 000609).

Discussion

Four other Perenniporia species were also found with P. puerensis in the

same locality (Yunnan province, China): P aridula B.K. Cui & C.L. Zhao,

P. bannaensis B.K. Cui & C.L. Zhao, P. piceicola Y.C. Dai, and P. russeimarginata

B.K. Cui & C.L. Zhao. Perenniporia aridula is distinguished by its perennial

basidiomata and larger basidiospores (6-7 x 5.1-6 um, Zhao et al. 2013);

P. bannaensis is distinguished by its smaller pores (6-8 per mm), unbranched

skeletal hyphae, and strongly dextrinoid basidiospores (Zhao et al. 2013);

P. piceicola differs by larger basidiospores (11-14 x 5.4-7.5 um) and the

presence of pyriform cystidia (Dai et al. 2002); and P russeimarginata is

separated by its perennial basidiocarps with a white to cream pore surface

and the distinct reddish brown sterile margin (Zhao & Cui 2013a).

The presence of both truncate and non-truncate basidiospores is reminiscent

of two similar Perenniporia species—P. straminea (Bres.) Ryvarden and P. tibetica

B.K. Cui & C.L. Zhao: P straminea is distinguished by smaller pores (7-9 per

mm) and basidiospores (3-4 x 2.5-3 um; Ryvarden 1988), while P. tibetica

differs in its bigger pores (2-3 per mm) and presence of white to cream-colored

rhizomorphs (Cui & Zhao 2012).

Perenniporia subacida (Peck) Donk, which resembles P. puerensis in pore

size (4-6 per mm) and non-dextrinoid basidiospores, is distinguished by its

872 ... Liu & al.

perennial basidiocarps, strongly dextrinoid skeletal hyphae, and non-truncate

basidiospores (Nufiez & Ryvarden 2001, Ryvarden & Melo 2014).

Polypores are an extensively studied group in Basidiomycota (Gilbertson &

Ryvarden 1987, Nufiez & Ryvarden 2001, Ryvarden & Melo 2014), but Chinese

polypore diversity is still not well known, especially in the subtropics and

tropics where many recently described taxa have been collected (Cui & Dai

2008; Cui et al. 2009, 2010, 2011; Du & Cui 2009; Li & Cui 2010; He & Li 2011;

Jia & Cui 2011; Yu et al. 2013; Yang & He 2014; Chen et al. 2015). The new

species Perenniporia puerensis is also from the subtropics. We anticipate that

additional polypore taxa will be found in China after further investigation and

molecular analyses.

Acknowledgments

Special thanks are due to Dr. Sana Jabeen (University of Education, Pakistan) and

Jason Karakehian (Harvard University, USA) who reviewed the manuscript. We express

our gratitude to Yong-He Li (Yunnan Academy of Biodiversity, Southwest Forestry

University) for his support on molecular work and Kai- Yue Luo, Zhen Xu, and Ting Zeng

(College of Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization, Southwest Forestry University)

for their collection support. The research is supported by the National Natural Science

Foundation of China (Project No. 31700023), and the Science Foundation of Southwest

Forestry University (Project No. 111715) and the Science and Technology Talent

Support Program of Three Areas in Yunnan Province (Project No. 21700329).

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from China. Mycotaxon 116: 295-302. https://doi.org/10.5248/116.295

Perenniporia puerensis sp. nov. (China) ... 873

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801-818.

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MY COTAXON

October-December 2017— Volume 132, pp. 875-879

https://doi.org/10.5248/132.875

Sporidesmiopsis lushanensis sp. nov.

from Lushan Mountain, China

X1A0-MEI WANG’, ZI-JIAN ZHAO’, SHAN-SHAN CHEN’, XIAO-MAN LIv’,

Hao-Hua LY, X1tu-Guo ZHANG?“ & JI- WEN XIA”®

‘College of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China

? Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests,

College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University,

Taian, Shandong, 271018, China

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: “sdau613@163.com, * xiajiwen1@126.com

ABSTRACT—Sporidesmiopsis Iushanensis is described and illustrated as a new species from

dead stems of an unidentified broadleaf tree in Jiangxi Province, China. The fungus is

characterized by macronematous conidiophores with apical branches and conidiogenous

cells arising from stipe and branches with 6-7-euseptate conidia. A key to Sporidesmiopsis

species is provided.

Key worps—hyphomycetes, taxonomy, Sordariales

Introduction

Sporidesmiopsis Subram. & Bhat, established in 1989 with S. malabarica

Subram. & Bhat as type species, is distinguished from Sporidesmium

Link by its apically branched mononematous conidiophores and

conidiogenous cells produced on both stipe and branches (Subramanian

& Bhat 1989, Wongsawas et al. 2008). However, S. malabarica was

subsequently determined to be a synonym of the earlier Brachysporiella

dennisii J.L. Crane & Dumont, which was transferred to Sporidesmiopsis

as S. dennisii (J.L. Crane & Dumont) Bhat et al. (Bhat & Kendrick 1993).

Five other species have been described in the genus: S. goanensis Bhat &

W.B. Kendr., S. guangxiensis J.W. Xia & X.G. Zhang, S. malloti J.W. Xia &

X.G. Zhang, S. pluriseptata J.S. Monteiro et al., and S. zhejiangensis Wongs.

876 ... Wang & al.

et al. (Bhat & Kendrick 1993, Wongsawas et al. 2008, Xia et al. 2014, 2015,

Monteiro et al. 2016), but S. zhejiangensis was subsequently transferred

to Ellisembiopsis Santa Izabel & Gusmao, due to its distoseptate conidia

(Santa Izabel et al. 2013). Thus, only five species are currently accepted in

Sporidesmiopsis.

Among our fungal collections from Lushan Mountain, ahyphomycetous

specimen with the morphological characteristics of Sporidesmiopsis was

collected, which we describe here as a new species, S. lushanensis. Type

specimens are conserved in the Herbarium of Department of Plant

Pathology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China (HSAUP) and

Herbarium Mycologium, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of

Sciences, Beijing, China (HMAS).

Sporidesmiopsis lushanensis J.W. Xia & X.G. Zhang, sp. nov. FIG. 1

MycoBank MB 823681

Differs from Sporidesmiopsis goanensis, S. guangxiensis, and S. malloti by its wider

conidia.

Type: China, Jiangxi Province: Lushan Mountain, on dead stems of an unidentified

broadleaf tree, 25 Oct. 2016, J.W. Xia (Holotype, HSAUP H6725; isotype, HMAS

245644).

ETryMOLoGy: in reference to the type locality.

CoLonigs on the natural substrate effuse, brown to dark brown, hairy.

Mycelium superficial and partly immersed, composed of septate, pale brown,

smooth hyphae, 1-2 um diam. CONIDIOPHORES distinct, single, branched,

erect, straight or slightly flexuous, cylindrical, smooth, thick-walled, brown

to dark brown, 8-15-septate, 250-450 x 10-14 um. CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS

monoblastic, integrated and discrete, cylindrical, truncate at the apex after

conidium secession, 12.5-20 x 5-7 um. Conrp1A solitary, dry, fusiform,

base truncate, apex rounded, brown to dark brown, 30-50 x 11.5-15.5 um,

6—7-euseptate.

CoMMENTS—'hree Sporidesmiopsis species differ from S. lushanensis

by their narrower conidia: S. goanensis (5-7 um; Bhat & Kendrick 1993),

S. guangxiensis (6-7.5 um; Xia et al. 2014), and S. malloti (8.5-11.5 um;

Xia et al. 2015). Sporidesmiopsis dennisii and S. pluriseptata differ from

S. lushanensis by their longer conidia with much more numerous septa (see

Fic. 2).

Sporidesmiopsis lushanensis sp. nov. (China) ... 877

Fic. 1. Sporidesmiopsis lushanensis (holotype, HSAUP H6725).

A, B. Conidiophores, conidiogenous cells, and conidia; C. Conidia. Scale bars = 20 um.

878 ... Wang & al.

a a as a

EPL Ee

(Subramanian & Bhat 1989, as S. malabarica); B. S. goanensis (Bhat & Kendrick 1993);

C. S. guangxiensis (Xia et al. 2014); D. S. malloti (Xia et al. 2015); E. S. lushanensis (this work);

E S. pluriseptata (Monteiro et al. 2016). Scale bars = 20 um.

Fig. 2. Sporidesmiopsis spp., representative conidia (re-drawn from the literature). A. S. dennisii

Sporidesmiopsis lushanensis sp. nov. (China) ... 879

Key to species of Sporidesmiopsis

IG oinidiaee EO eUSepialen Shia etta : SE Ey AB ete ook heey hte ass 2

Ie Gromidiiass 7eeuseptate f. © eyo eitaae yrs ot eis he cis « Pea ee te eg oe ny ee a 3

2. Conidia 69-92 x 9-13 um, 10-15-euseptate ............... 0 eee eee S. dennisii

2. Conidia 80-130 x 6-8.5 um, 10-15-euseptate ................... S. pluriseptata

3. Conidia fusiform, 30-50 x 11.5-15.5 um, 6-7-euseptate........... S. lushanensis

3/@onidia- obclavate todusitorin, <1 5 ani-digmiom ieee ned ee eee Cetdameres |

4. Conidia 20-30 x 5-7 um, 3-4-euseptate .............. 0. ee eee eee S. goanensis

4S Conidia 2S 2M IONe 13% Liat tion Phase adhe sae Es eee Pees Bho Stites 5

5. Conidia 32-40 x 6-7.5 um, 5-6-euseptate ........ ee eee eee eee S. guangxiensis

5. Conidia 35-60 x 8.5-11.5 um, 3-7-euseptate ......... eee eee ee eee S. malloti

Acknowledgments

The authors express gratitude to Dr. Jian Ma and Dr. Rafael F. Castafteda-Ruiz for

serving as pre-submission reviewers and for their valuable comments and suggestions.

This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China

(Nos. 30600003, 31093440, 31230001) and the Ministry of Science and Technology of

the People’s Republic of China (Nos. 2006FY120100).

Literature cited

Bhat DJ, Kendrick B. 1993. Twenty-five new conidial fungi from the Western Ghats and the

Andaman Islands (India). Mycotaxon 49: 19-90.

Monteiro JS, Gusmao LFP, Castafeda-Ruiz RF. 2016. Pleurothecium bicoloratum & Sporidesmiopsis

pluriseptata spp. nov. from Brazil. Mycotaxon 131: 145-152. https://doi.org/10.5248/131.145

Santa Izabel TS, Cruz ACR, Gusmao LFP. 2013. Conidial fungi from the semi-arid Caatinga

biome of Brazil. Ellisembiopsis gen. nov., new variety of Sporidesmiella and some notes on

Sporidesmium complex. Mycosphere 4: 156-163. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/4/2/1

Subramanian CV, Bhat DJ. 1989 [“1987”]. Hyphomycetes from South India I. Some new taxa.

Kavaka 15: 41-74.

Wongsawas M, Wang HK, Hyde KD, Lin FC. 2008. New and rare lignicolous hyphomycetes

from Zhejiang Province, China. Journal of Zhejiang University ScIENcE B - Biomedicine &

Biotechnology 9: 797-801. https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B0860008

Xia JW, Ma LG, Castafeda-Ruiz RF, Zhang XG. 2014. A new species of Sporidesmiopsis and three

new records of other dematiaceous hyphomycetes from southern China. Nova Hedwigia 98:

103-111. https://doi.org/10.1127/0029-5035/2013/0145

Xia JW, Ma YR, Gao JM, Li Z, Zhang XG. 2015. Sporidesmiopsis malloti sp. nov. and new records

from southern China. Mycotaxon 130: 827-833. https://doi.org/10.5248/130.827

MY COTAXON

October-December 2017— Volume 132, pp. 881-884

https://doi.org/10.5248/132.881

Repetophragma elegans sp. nov.

from Hainan Province, China

XIAO-MEI WANG’, SHAN-SHAN CHEN’, XIAO-MAN LIU’, ZI-JIAN ZHAO’,

Hao-Hua Lr, X1u-Guo ZHANG? * & JI- WEN XIA?®

‘College of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China

? Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests,

College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University,

Taian, Shandong, 271018, China

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: “sdau613@163.com, * xiajiwen1@126.com

ABSTRACT—A new species, Repetophragma elegans, is described and illustrated from

specimens collected on dead branches in Hainan Province, China. The fungus is characterized

by subcylindrical to subfusiform 14—18-euseptate brown conidia with rounded apices, apical

mucilaginous tunica, and truncate bases.

Key worps—conidial fungi, taxonomy

Introduction

During our ongoing survey of microfungi associated with woody debris

in tropical forests of Hainan Province, China, an undescribed species with

the morphological characteristics of the genus Repetophragma Subram. was

collected on the dead stems of an unidentified broadleaf tree.

Materials & methods

Collected samples of woody debris were placed in separate zip-lock plastic bags,

taken to the laboratory, and incubated at 27°C for more than 2 weeks in an artificial

climate box in 9-cm-diam. plastic Petri dishes containing moistened filter paper. Samples

were examined under an Olympus SZ61 dissecting microscope. At least 50 mature

conidia and 30 conidiophores were mounted in lactophenol, measured at 600x and

1000x magnifications, and photographed with an Olympus BX53 microscope. Adobe

882 ... Wang & al.

Fic. 1. Repetophragma elegans (holotype, HSAUP H6478).

Conidiophores, conidiogenous cells, and conidia.

Repetophragma elegans sp. nov. (China) ... 883

Photoshop 7.0 was used to prepare the photographic images, and the backgrounds

were replaced for esthetic reasons. Type specimens were deposited in the Herbarium

of Department of Plant Pathology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China

(HSAUP) and the Mycological Herbarium, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy

of Sciences, Beijing, China (HMAS).

Taxonomy

Repetophragma elegans J.W. Xia & X.G. Zhang, sp. nov. FIG. 1

MycoBAank MB 821043

Differs from Repetophragma calongei by its wider conidia, with an apical mucilaginous

tunica.

Type: China, Hainan Province, Diaoluo Mountain, on dead stems of an unidentified

broadleaf tree, 10 Apr. 2014, J.W. Xia (Holotype, HSAUP H6478; isotype, HMAS

245642).

EryMoLoey: elegans, referring to elegant, describing the conidia.

COLONIES on natural substrate effuse, brown to dark brown, hairy. Mycelium

partly superficial, partly immersed in the substrate, composed of septate, pale

brown, smooth, 2-4 um diam. hyphae. CoNIDIOPHORES macronematous,

mononematous, unbranched, erect, straight to slightly flexuous, cylindrical,

smooth, thick-walled, brown to dark brown, up to 5-septate, 13.5-50 x 6.5-9.5

tm. CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS monoblastic, terminal, indeterminate, brown to

dark brown, cylindrical, with 1-5 annellidic percurrent extensions, 6-13.5 x

6-7 um. Conidial secession schizolytic. Conrp1a solitary, straight or slightly

curved, subcylindrical to subfusiform, smooth-walled, brown to dark brown,

14-18-euseptate, 75-115 x 12.5-15.5 um (excluding mucilage), apex rounded,

with an apical mucilaginous tunica, truncate at the base, 6-7 um diam.

COMMENTS—Repetophragma was introduced by Subramanian (1992) to

accommodate Sporidesmium-like species that produced conidiogenous cells

with annellidic percurrent extensions and euseptate conidia. Castaheda-Ruiz

et al. (2011) redisposed taxa in Repetophragma. According to Index Fungorum

(2017) a total of 35 species are included in Repetophragma.

Repetophragma elegans is morphologically similar to R. calongei J. Mena

et al. in conidial shape. However, R. calongei can be easily separated by its

narrower conidia (8-10.5 um) without an apical mucilaginous tunica (Silvera-

Simon et al. 2009).

Acknowledgments

The authors express gratitude to Dr. Rafael E Castafieda-Ruiz and Dr. Jian Ma for

serving as pre-submission reviewers and for their valuable comments and suggestions.

884 ... Wang & al.

This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.

30600003, 31093440, 31230001, 31493010, 31493011) and the Ministry of Science and

Technology of the People’s Republic of China (No. 2006FY 120100).

Literature cited

Castafieda-Ruiz RF, Heredia G, Arias RM, McKenzie EHC, Hyde KD, Stadler M, Saikawa M,

Gené J, Guarro J, Iturriaga T, Minter DW, Crous PW. 2011. A new species and re-disposed taxa

in Repetophragma. Mycosphere 2: 273-289.

Index Fungorum. 2017. http://indexfungorum.org/names/names.asp (Accessed: 30 May 2017).

Silvera-Sim6n C, Mena-Portales J, Gené J, Cano J, Guarro J. 2009. Repetophragma calongeii sp. nov.

and other interesting dematiaceous hyphomycetes from the North of Spain. Anales del Jardin

Botanico de Madrid 66: 33-39. https://doi.org/10.3989/ajbm.2218

Subramanian CV. 1992. A reassessment of Sporidesmium (hyphomycetes) and some related taxa.

Proceeding of the Indian National Science Academy, B 58: 179-190.

MYCOTAXON

October-December 2017— Volume 132, pp. 885-893

https://doi.org/10.5248/132.885

A contribution to the study of Helotiales and

Rhytismatales in Turkey

MAKBULE ERDOGDU',, GOKHAN DOGAN’,

ELSAD HUSEYIN' & ZEKIYE SULUDERE”

' Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Science and Literature, Department of Biology,

Bagbasi, Kirsehir, Turkey

?Gazi University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology,

Teknikokullar, Ankara, Turkey

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: merdogdu@ahievran.edu.tr

ABSTRACT—Naemacyclus fimbriatus, Lophodermium juniperinum, and Marssonina daphnes

have recently been discovered in Turkey. This is the first record of Naemacyclus from Turkey.

Morphological data obtained by light and scanning electron microscopy of these fungi are

presented.

Key worps—acervular anamorph, Ascomycota, new host, new records, SEM

Introduction

Rhytismatales are an order of endophytic, parasitic, or saprotrophic fungi in

Leotiomycetes (Ascomycota), the inoperculate discomycetes. Especially common

on conifers, grasses and members of Ericaceae, they are also found on other

vascular plants. The species disperse by ascospores and at least in temperate

regions usually infect their hosts in spring/summer to develop fruiting bodies

the next year on dead material (Lantz et al. 2011). The order includes plant

parasitic fungi causing serious needle cast, such as Lophodermium seditiosum

Minter et al. on Pinus sylvestris (Minter 1981b)., Rhytismatalean fungi the

members of Rhytismatales are poorly known in Turkey and have not been yet

intensively studied.

Within Leotiomycetes, Helotiales represents the largest order of inoperculate

discomycetes—an ecologically and morphologically highly diverse group of

886 ... Erdogdu & al.

ascomycetes that also includes lichen-inhabiting (lichenicolous) species (Suija

et al. 2015). At present the order comprises c. 4000 species of saprophytes,

mycorrhizal fungi, root endophytes, and plant and fungal (including lichens)

parasites (Schoch et al. 2009).

Materials & methods

Plant specimens infected with microfungi were collected from Erciyes Mountain in

Kayseri province of Turkey. The host specimens were prepared following conventional

herbarium techniques. Host plants were identified using the FLORA OF TURKEY AND

East AEGEAN IsLANDS (Davis 1965-85). Thin fungal sections prepared from host

tissue were examined under a Leica DM E light microscope and measured from mounts

in 5% KOH or tap water. Close-up photographs of infected host surface were done via

Leica EZ4D stereomicroscope. The fungi were identified using relevant literature (for

Naemacyclus — DiCosmo et al. 1984, Hou et al. 2006; for Lophodermium -— Dennis

1981, Ellis & Ellis 1987; for Marssonina - Grove 1937, Ellis & Ellis 1987, Ignatavicitité &

Treigiené 1998). All examined specimens were deposited in the Mycology Laboratory

of Ahi Evran University, Department of Biology, Kirsehir, Turkey (C), under Gdkhan

Dogan (GD) collection numbers.

For scanning electron microscopy (SEM), 8-10 mm square pieces of infected leaf

or cone scale were mounted on aluminium stubs with double-sided adhesive tape,

coated with gold using Polaron SC 502 Sputter Coater, and examined using a Jeol JSM

6060 scanning electron microscope operated at 5-10 kV in the Electron Microscopy

Unit, Gazi University (Turkey).

Taxonomy

Naemacyclus fimbriatus (Schwein.) DiCosmo, Peredo & Minter,

Eur. J. For. Path. 13(4): 207 (1983) Pr

APOTHECIA scattered, immersed to erumpent, sessile, circular to

subcircular, 300-430 x 230-285 um, dark brown to black. Asci cylindrical,

short-stalked, thin-walled, 85-95 x 8.5-9.5 um, rostrate at the apex, without

circumapical thickening, discharging spores through a small apical pore,

8-spored. Ascospores fasciculate, filiform, (50-)54-80 x 2-2.2 um, rounded

at both ends, hyaline, (2—)5-septate, rarely aseptate, with mucous sheath.

PaRAPHYSES filiform, unbranched, septate, 90-105 x 1 um, hyaline, covered by

a thin mucous sheath.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED—TURKEY, KayseErI, Erciyes mountain, Turkish World Forest,

38°36'12”N 35°3056”E, 1850-1900 m asl., on fallen female cone scales of Pinus nigra L.

(Pinaceae), 31.05.2010, G. Dogan (AEUT GD 1069).

Notes: While DiCosmo et al. (1983) resolved the nomenclatural problems

surrounding N. fimbriatus, the systematic position of this species is still

Naemacyclus, Lophodermium & Marssonina spp. new for Turkey ... 887

Tay Fi i

AN PY

Dae i

PLaTE 1. Microscopic characters of Naemacyclus fimbriatus. A: apothecia on cone scales;

E: asci and

vertical section of an apothecium;

G: ascospore;

C: apothecia on cone scales (SEM);

H: lacto phenol cotton blue mount

F-H: 15 um.

F: ascus and ascospores;

showing ascospore. Scale bars = D: 100 um;

ascospores;

E20 pm;

888 ... Erdogdu & al.

controversial. Naemacyclus fimbriatus was once placed in the Phacidiaceae,

but DiCosmo (1979) suggested that it is more closely related to Rhytismataceae

because of J- apical ring and ascospores covered by a mucous sheath (Kirk

et al. 2001, Cannon & Kirk 2007). The recent analysis of the partial small

subunit rDNA (Hou et al. 2006) indicates that N. fimbriatus is closely related

to taxa in the Helotiales.

Although our Turkish specimen of Naemacyclus fimbriatus is

morphologically similar to specimens described in literature (DiCosmo et

al. 1984, Vujanovic et al. 1998, Hou et al. 2006), it does differ slightly in some

aspects, particularly with respect to ascospore size and number of septa:

75-90 x 2-2.5 um and 7-septate (DiCosmo et al. 1984); 78-91 x 2-2.5 um

and 7-septate (Vujanovic et al. 1998); 65-95 x 1-1.5 um and (2—)4—6-septate

(rarely aseptate) (Hou et al. 2006). The ascospores in the specimen from

Turkey are shorter and (2—)5-septate (rarely aseptate).

Naemacyclus fimbriatus is widely distributed on Pinus spp. in Asia (China),

Europe, and North America (Cannon et al. 1985; Dennis 1981; Dudka et al.

2004; Eriksson 2014; Gremmen 1960, as Lasiostictis fimbriata; Hanlin 1963,

as Stictis fimbriata; Lin 2012; Minter 1981a; Sherwood 1979, as Lasiostictis

fimbriata; Vujanovic et al. 1998). The genus Naemacyclus and N. fimbriatus

are reported for the first time from Turkey.

Lophodermium juniperinum (Fr.) De Not., G. Bot. Ital. 2(7-8): 46 (1847) PL. 2

APOTHECIA hysterioid, elliptical, blister-like, strongly raised above the

surface of needles, 600-650 x 200-220 um, blackish; disc soft, whitish. Asc1

cylindrical-clavate, short-stalked, thin-walled, 95-110 x 13.5-15.5 um,

8-spored; Ascospores fasciculate, filiform, attenuated at both ends, 65-87 x

1.5-3 um, guttulate, hyaline, with a thin hyaline gelatinous coating. PARAPHYSES

slender, filiform, hyaline, swollen and curled at the tip.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED—TURKEY, KaysErI, Erciyes mountain, Develi, 2000-2050 m

asl., conifer plantation area, on dead leaves of Juniperus communis L. (Cupressaceae),

25.07.2011, G. Dogan (AEUT GD1106).

Notes: Ten rhytismataceous ascomycetes from the genera Coccomyces,

Colpoma, Hypoderma, Lophodermium, Pseudophacidium, Soleella, and

Tryblidiopsis have been reported on species of Juniperus; those on juniper

needles are mostly pathogenic, causing needle cast (Hou et al. 2005).

Lophodermium juniperinum is probably weakly parasitic, capable of endophytic

growth in needles for part of its life cycle, like most species of Lophodermium

(Minter 1981b).

Naemacyclus, Lophodermium & Marssonina spp. new for Turkey ... 889

igauy

were

Ss. st

MIOD 1d0e= qurcer

PLATE 2. Microscopic characters of Lophodermium juniperinum. A: apothecia on leaf;

B: apothecium on leaf (SEM); C-E: vertical section of an apothecium (SEM); F: vertical section

of an apothecium; G: ascus and ascospores; H: ascospores. Scale bars = F: 200 um; G,H: 25 um.

890 ... Erdogdu & al.

The Turkish specimen of L. juniperinum agrees with other reports of the

species in ascomata, asci and ascospores morphology; the only observable

difference being the smaller dimensions of ascomata, asci, and ascospores.

Dennis (1981) describes 1 x 0.4 mm apothecia, 130 x 17 um asci, and

60-100 x 2 um ascospores; Ellis & Ellis (1987) cite 1 mm long apothecia

and 60-90 x 2 um ascospores.

Lophodermium juniperinum is known from Asia (Dudka et al. 2004),

Europe, and North America (Hou et al. 2005). This species is reported for

the first time from Turkey.

Marssonina daphnes (Roberge ex Desm.) Magnus, Hedwigia 45: 89 (1906) PL. 3

LEAF SPOTS amphigenous, irregularly rounded, 1-3 mm diam.,

greenish and then brownish. Conrpiomata acervular, amphigenous, at

first immersed in host tissue, later erumpent, small, pale brown. CoNIDIA

ovoid to pyriform, slightly curved, 15-20 x 6.5-8 um, when mature with

transverse septum near the base, not constricted, obtuse at the apex,

truncate at the base, with numerous guttulations, hyaline.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED—TURKEY, KaysERI, Erciyes mountain, Kayseri memorial

forest, 38°36'13”N 35°30’58’”E, 1870 m asl., on living leaves of Daphne oleoides

Schreb. subsp. oleoides (Thymelaeaceae), 25.07.2011, G. Dogan (AEUT GD1080).

Notes: Marssonina daphnes is the causal agent of the daphne anthracnose,

which usually causes little damage. The Turkish specimen of Marssonina

daphnes is morphologically similar to specimens described in literature

(Grove 1937, Ellis & Ellis 1987, Ignatavicitite & Treigiené 1998). However,

the conidia of the Turkish samples are wider than the British collection

(12-20 x 4-5 um; Grove 1937), while those reported by Ignataviciiité &

Treigiené (1998) are slightly narrower and shorter than our specimen.

Marssonina daphnes is distributed on Daphne spp. in Asia (Japan),

Australasia, Europe, and North America (Conners 1967; Ginns 1986; Cook

& Dubé 1989; Kobayashi 2007; Pennycook & Galloway 2004; Piatek &

Wolczanska 2004; Shaw 1973). The species is reported for the first time

from Turkey, and Daphne oleoides Schreb. subsp. oleoides represents a new

host record.

Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Dr. Eugene Yurchenko, and Sevda Kirbag for serving as pre-

submission reviewers, to Dr. Pennycook for nomenclatural review.

Naemacyclus, Lophodermium & Marssonina spp. new for Turkey ... 891

ao ocd ers

. —-<———<

PLATE 3. Microscopic characters of Marssonina daphnes. A,B: acervulus on leaf (SEM);

C-E: Conidia (SEM); F: Conidia. Scale bar = 10 um.

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https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851998275.0000

Cannon PF, Hawksworth DL, Sherwood-Pike MA. 1985. The British Ascomycotina. An

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Conners IL. 1967. An annotated index of plant diseases in Canada and fungi recorded on plants

in Alaska, Canada and Greenland. Canada Department of Agriculture, Ottawa.

Cook RP, Dubé AJ. 1989. Host-pathogen index of plant diseases in South Australia. Field Crops

Pathology Group, South Australian Department of Agriculture, Adelaide.

892 ... Erdogdu & al.

Davis PH (ed.). 1965-85. Flora of Turkey and East Aegean Islands. Vols 1-9. Edinburgh

University Press, Edinburgh.

Dennis RWG. 1981. British ascomycetes. J. Cramer, Vaduz.

DiCosmo F. 1979. Lasiostictis reassessed. Canadian Journal of Botany 57: 1838-1840.

https://doi.org/10.1139/b79-229

DiCosmo F, Peredo H, Minter DW. 1983. Cyclaneusma gen. nov., Naemacyclus and Lasiostictis,

a nomenclatural problem solved. European Journal of Forest Pathology 13(4): 206-212.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0329.1983.tb00119.x

DiCosmo F, Nag Raj TR, Kendrick WB. 1984. A revision of the Phacidiaceae and related

anamorphs. Mycotaxon 21: 1-234.

Dudka IO, Heluta VP, Tykhonenko YY, Andrianova TV, Hayova VP, Prydiuk MP, Dzhagan VV,

Isikov VP. 2004. Fungi of the Crimean Peninsula. M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, Ukraine.

Ellis MB, Ellis JP. 1987. Microfungi on land plants: an identification handbook. Croom Helm,

London-Sydney.

Eriksson OE. 2014. Checklist of the non-lichenized ascomycetes of Sweden. Symbolae Botanicae

Upsalienses 36(2). 501 p.

Ginns JH. 1986. Compendium of plant disease and decay fungi in Canada 1960-1980. Canadian

Government Publishing Centre, Ottawa. https://doi.org/10.5962/bh1.title.58888

Gremmen J. 1960 [“1959”]. A contribution to the mycoflora of pine forests in the Netherlands.

Nova Hedwigia 1(3-4): 251-288.

Grove WB. 1937. British stem- and leaf-fungi (Coelomycetes), vol. 1. Sphaeropsidales. Cambridge

University Press, Cambridge.

Hanlin RT. 1963. A revision of the ascomycetes of Georgia. Georgia Agricultural Experiment

Station, Mimeo Series n.s. 175. 65 p.

Hou CL, Gao J, Piepenbring M. 2006. Four rhytismataceous ascomycetes on needles of pine from

China. Nova Hedwigia 83: 511-522. https://doi.org/10.1127/0029-5035/2006/0083-0511

Hou CL, Lin YR, Piepenbring M. 2005. Species of Rhytismataceae on needles of Juniperus spp.

from China. Canadian Journal of Botany 83: 37-46. https://doi.org/10.1139/b04-149

Ignataviciiiteé M, Treigiené A. 1998. Mycota Lithuaniae, vol. 9. Melanconiales. UAB Vaslstieciu

Laikrastis, Vilnius.

Lantz H, Johnston PR, Park D, Minter DW. 2011. Molecular phylogeny reveals a core clade of

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MY COTAXON

October-December 2017— Volume 132, pp. 895-901

https://doi.org/10.5248/132.895

Huneckia pollinii and Flavoplaca oasis

newly recorded from China

CoNnG-CoNnG MIA0™, XIANG-XIANG ZHAO”,

ZUN-TIAN ZHAO’, HURNISA SHAHIDIN? & Lu-LU ZHANG"

' Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences,

Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, P. R. China

? Lichens Research Center in Arid Zones of Northwestern China,

College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University,

Xinjiang , 830046 , PR. China

“ CORRESPONDENCE TO: ccmjy123@163.com

AsstRact—Huneckia pollinii and Flavoplaca oasis are described and illustrated from

Chinese specimens. The two species and the genus Huneckia are recorded for the first time

from China.

Keyworps—Asia, lichens, taxonomy, Teloschistaceae

Introduction

Teloschistaceae Zahlbr. is one of the larger families of lichenized fungi. It

includes three subfamilies, Caloplacoideae, Teloschistoideae, and Xanthorioideae

(Gaya et al. 2012; Arup et al. 2013). Many new genera have been proposed based

on molecular phylogenetic investigations (Arup et al. 2013; Fedorenko et al.

2012; Gaya et al. 2012; Kondratyuk et al. 2013, 2014a,b, 2015a,b,c,d). Currently,

the family contains approximately 79 genera (Karnefelt 1989; Arup et al. 2013;

Kondratyuk et al. 2013, 2014a,b, 2015a,b,c,d; Sochting et al. 2014a,b).

Huneckia S.Y. Kondr. et al. was described in 2014 (Kondratyuk et al. 2014a)

based on morphological, anatomical, chemical, and molecular data. It is

characterized by continuous to areolate thalli, paraplectenchymatous cortical

* CONG-CONG MIAO & XIANG-XIANG ZHAO contributed equally to this research.

896 ... Miao, Zhao & al.

layers, biatorine apothecia, Blastenia-type true exciples, narrowly bacilliform

conidia, and the presence of chrysophanol, rhein, and chrysophanal. Huneckia

is similar to Blastenia A. Massal. but differs by having ascospores with very

thick cell walls at the poles and in the secondary chemistry (Kondratyuk et

al. 2014a). Huneckia includes two species, H. pollinii and H. rheinigera (Elix &

S.Y. Kondr.) S.Y. Kondr et al. (Kondratyuk et al. 2014a). No species of Huneckia

have been reported from China .

Flavoplaca Arup etal., described in 2013 (Arup etal. 2013), is characterized by

yellow crustose or squamulose thalli, orange zeorine apothecia, polaribilocular

spores with medium to long spore septa, and bacilliform to ellipsoid conidia.

The genus is rather similar to Xanthoria (Fr.) Th. Fr. and Caloplaca Th. Fr. in

some characters, but forms a very well delimited clade with many species that

are often sorediate. Flavoplaca includes about 27 species (Arup et al. 2013).

During our research on the taxa of Teloschistaceae in China, we identified

two species as new to the country: Huneckia pollinii and Flavoplaca oasis.

Materials & methods

The specimens, which were collected in Guizhou Province and Inner Mongolia,

are preserved in the Lichen Section of the Botanical Herbarium, Shandong Normal

University, Jinan, China (SDNU) and the Lichens Research Center in Arid Zones of

Northwestern China, Xinjiang University, Wulumugi, China (XJU). The morphological

and anatomical characters were examined under a COIC XTL7045B2 stereo microscope

and an Olympus CX41 polarizing microscope. Thalli and medullae were tested with K

(10% aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide) and C (a saturated solution of aqueous

sodium hypochlorite) for identification. Calcareous and non-calcareous rocks were

determined by application of concentrated HCl. The lichen substances were identified

using standardized thin layer chromatography techniques (TLC) with solvent system C

(Orange et al. 2010). Photos were taken using Olympus SZX16 stereo and BX61 research

microscopes attached to an Olympus DP72 camera.

Taxonomic descriptions

Huneckia pollinii (A. Massal.) S.Y. Kondr., Karnefelt, A. Thell, Elix, Jung Kim,

A.S. Kondr. & Hur, Acta Bot. Hung. 56: 111 (2014). Pie. tT

MorPHOLOGY—THALLUS crustose, continuous, very thin to areolate at

margin, grey to whitish grey. APOTHECIA biatorine, sessile, 0.3-1.0 mm diam.;

disc dark brown to rust-brown; proper exciple consisting of radiating, thick

walled long-septate cells, prosoplectenchymatous; exciple and epithecium K+

reddish violet; without crystals; epihymenium brown; hymenium colourless

to pale brown, 74-90 um high; hypothecium sand yellow, roundish to

irregular shape, without oil droplets; paraphyses 2.2-3.0 um wide, upper part

Huneckia & Flavoplaca lichens new for China ... 897

Fic. 1. Huneckia pollinii (SDNU 20160195). A: thallus; B: apothecia; C: apothecium section;

D: strong red turning to purple K reaction of epihymenium; E: ascospores; F: conidia.

pigmented, without swollen tip, abundantly branching at tips. Asci 8-spored,

Teloschistes-type; ascospores polaribilocular, ellipsoid, mostly “sand-clock”-

shaped; 13.2-19 x 7.5-9.6 um, with cell walls 1-2(-2.5) um thick (thickest

at the poles); spore septum 2.9-5.7 um. Conip1A elliptical to narrowly

bacilliform, 1.5-2.2 x 3.8-5.1 um.

CuHEMISTRY— thallus and medulla K-, C-. Apothecia K+ purple, C+ red.

Epihymenium K+ strong red, turning purple with coloured solution. Unknown

substances 1 & 2 (TLC solvent system C Rf. 48 and Rf. 53).

898 ... Miao, Zhao &al.

SUBSTRATE—On wood or on smooth bark.

DistRIBUTION—Huneckia pollinii has been reported from the eastern

United States, Europe, and Mexico (Wetmore 1994, Kondratyuk et al. 2014a).

New to China.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: CHINA. GUIZHOU, Dejiang, Quankou town alt. 873 m, on bark,

2 June 2016, X.X. Zhao 20160195, 20160180 (SDNU).

ComMMENTS—Caloplaca pollinii var. major B. de Lesd. is similar to Huneckia

pollinii, but differs in having concave brown young apothecia, black immarginate

older apothecia, and larger spores (Bouly de Lesdain 1949). Specimens of

Caloplaca asserigena (J. Lahm) Della Torre & Sarnth. that may be confused

with Huneckia pollinii, can be distinguished by rust-red to red-brown discs and

smaller ascospores.

Flavoplaca oasis (A. Massal.) Arup, Frédén & Sochting,

Nordic J. Bot. 31: 46 (2013). ewe

MorPHOLOGY—THALLUS usually visible but thin, with only some small

granules or areole visible at thallus margin, pale yellow; alveolate cortex; algal

layer always separated by fungal hyphae; without prothallus and vegetative

propagules; isidia, soredia, and blastidia absent; medulla white. APOTHECIA

pseudolecanorine or zeorine type, abundant, sessile, round or elliptical,

0.1-0.5 mm diam.; disc slightly convex, orange to dark orange, epruinose;

proper margin very thin, slightly raised, paler than disc; amphithecium

+ reduced, with numerous algae, cortex poorly developed; epihymenium

granular, yellow; hymenium hyaline, 75-85 um tall; paraphyses simple

or slightly branched above, 1-2 apical cells thickened, up to 7 um wide;

hypothecium hyaline or inspersed, +roundish, consisting of thin-

walled roundish cells, 53-125 um, without crystals or oil droplets,

prosoplectenchymatous, hyphae irregular, 40-50 um high. ExcrpLe

consisting of thin-walled oval to polygone cells, upper side 38-50 um.

PARAPHYSIS mostly simple, rarely forked, swollen in and near the tip cells,

4.5-5.3 um in wide. Asci 43-52 x 11-21 um, 8-spored, Teloschistes-type.

Ascospores polaribilocular, thin-walled, 8.5-13.5 x (4.0-)4.8-7.6 um,

spore septum wide, >% of spore length, 2.9-4.6 um. PYcNIpIA not observed.

CuHEMISTRY—Thallus K+ purple, medulla K-, epihymenium K+ purple.

Unknown substance (TLC solvent system C Rf. 51).

SUBSTRATE—On pure limestone, concrete.

DISTRIBUTION—Flavoplaca oasis, which is widespread in Europe (Arup

2009), is also reported from western Asia (John et al. 2004) and North Africa

Huneckia & Flavoplaca lichens new for China... 899

SAS

4 . cal

ern

Fic. 2. Flavoplaca oasis (SDNU 20160086). A: thallus; B: apothecia; C: apothecium section; D: ascus

and ascospores; E: paraphyses; F: ascospores.

(Thor & Nascimbene 2010). The species grows mainly on pure limestone,

concrete, and mortar (Arup 2009), where it occurs as a free living or parasitic

lichen growing on endolithic Verrucaria s.lat. (Wilk 2011). New to China.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: CHINA. GuizHou, Dejiang, Jingangling, alt. 1100 m, on

rocks, 26 May 2016, W.C. Wang , X.X. Zhao 20160086, 20160038, 20160814 (SDNU).

INNER MONGOLIA, Daqing mountain, 41°54.60’N 111°47.71’E. alt. 1970 m, on rocks,

12 August 2014. 20141175-b (XJU).

900 ... Miao, Zhao & al.

ComMMENTS—Flavoplaca oasis is similar to Athallia holocarpa (Hoftm.) Arup et

al., which is distinguished by its more yellow-tinged apothecia with thicker and

more prominent proper margins and spores with a broader isthmus. Specimens

of F. oasis may also be confused with F. polycarpa (A. Massal.) Arup et al.,

which can be distinguished by larger apothecia with thicker margins and more

distinct, thicker orange thalli.

Acknowledgements

We thank Dr. Li-song Wang and Dr. Xin-yu Wang (Key Laboratory for Plant

Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, CAS)

for providing great help during the study. We also thank Dr. Andre Aptroot

(ABL Herbarium, Soest, Netherlands) and Dr. S.Y. Guo (Key Laboratory of

Systematic Mycology and Lichenology Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology, CAS,

Beijing, China) for presubmission review and providing great guidance during the

study. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China

(31570017) and the Scientific Research Foundation of Graduate School of Shandong

Normal University (SCX201629).

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Lichenologist 41: 111-130. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282909008135

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supermatrix approach for a comprehensive phylogenetic study of the Teloschistales

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Huneckia & Flavoplaca lichens new for China... 901

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MY COTAXON

October-December 2017— Volume 132, pp. 903-907

https://doi.org/10.5248/132.903

Paliphora bicolorata sp. nov.

from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

ELAINE MALOSSO",, PHELIPE M.O. Costa’, MARCELA A. BARBOSA’,

GABRIELA V.R. DA SILVA? & RAFAEL F. CASTANEDA-RUIZ?

"Centro de Biociéncias, Departamento de Micologia,

Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida da Engenharia,

s/n Cidade Universitaria, Recife, PE, 50.740-600, Brazil

? Programa de Pés-Graduagao em Biologia de Fungos,

Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida da Engenharia,

s/n Cidade Universitaria, Recife, PE, 50.740-600, Brazil

* Instituto de Investigaciones Fundamentales en Agricultura Tropical (INIFAT),

Alejandro de Humboldt, OSDE, Grupo Agricola,

Calle 1 Esq. 2, Santiago de Las Vegas, C. Habana, Cuba, C.P. 17200

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: elaine.malosso@ufpe.br

ABSTRACT—A new species, Paliphora bicolorata, collected from decaying leaves of an

unidentified plant, is described and illustrated. It is characterized by bicolored conidiophores

with 3-4 dark reddish-brown distal cells and golden brown to brown lower cells and

cylindrical-fusiform, 1-septate, hyaline conidia. A key to Paliphora species is provided.

KEY WoRDS—neotropic, asexual fungi, systematics

Introduction

The genus Paliphora Sivan. & B. Sutton was introduced by Sivanesan & Sutton

(1985) with P. aurea Sivan. & B. Sutton as type species; five more species were

added by Kuthubutheen (1987), Alcorn (1996), Gusmao et al. (2008), and Goh

et al. (2014). Paliphora is distinguished by distinct, unbranched, multiseptate,

setiform conidiophores that form hispid golden brown to brown colonies and

polytretic, integrated, determinate, intercalary (rarely terminal) conidiogenous

cells with tretic loci (situated immediately below transverse septa) producing

successive, cylindrical or somewhat subfusiform to subacerose, hyaline,

904 ... Malosso & al.

unicellular or euseptate conidia that accumulate in slimy masses around the

conidiogenous cells. The production of successive conidia in dense mucous

masses or packets through tretic loci is peculiar among hyphomycetes and

serves as the main diagnostic character of Paliphora (Alcorn. 1996, Gusmao et

al. 2008, Sivanesan & Sutton 1985).

During a mycological survey of microfungi associated with leaf litter in a

Brazilian Atlantic forest, we collected a conspicuous fungus, described here as

a new Paliphora species.

Materials & methods

Individual collections were placed in plastic bags, taken to the laboratory, and

treated according to Castafieda-Ruiz et al. (2016). Mounts were prepared in polyvinyl

alcohol-glycerol (8 g PVA in 100 ml of water, plus 5 ml of glycerol) and lactofuchsin

(0.1 g acid fuchsin, 100 ml 85% lactic acid following Carmichael (1955) or in lactic acid

(90%) and measurements were made at a magnification of x1000 under a Nikon Eclipse

Ni-U microscope with bright field optics; photomicrographs were obtained using DIC

optics with a Nikon DS-Fi2 camera. The holotype was deposited in the Herbarium of

Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil (URM).

Taxonomy

Paliphora bicolorata Malosso, P.M.O. Costa & R.F. Castafieda, sp. nov. Fie. 1

MycoBAnk MB 823671

Differs from Paliphora intermedia by its bicolored conidiophores.

Type: Brazil, Pernambuco, Igarassu, RPPN Reftigio Ecoldgico Charles Darwin, 7°48’S

34°57’W, on decaying leaves of an unidentified plant, 12.V.2017, coll. RM.O. Costa

(Holotype, URM 90132).

Erymo toey: Latin, bicolorata, two-colored, referred to the conidiophores.

CoLonigs on the natural substrate effuse, hispid, reddish-brown to brown.

Mycelium superficial and immersed, composed of septate, branched, brown,

smooth-walled hyphae, 1.5-2.5 um diam. CONIDIOPHORES macronematous,

setiform, unbranched, erect, straight, cylindrical below, acuminate at the apex,

<17-septate, golden brown below, reddish-dark brown at the four distal cells,

smooth below, verruculose near the apex, 170-220 x 5-6 um, slightly lobed

at the base, 9-13 um wide. CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS polytretic, intercalary,

determinate, incorporated, brown, 7-10 x 4-5 um. Conrp1A solitary,

Fig. 1. Paliphora bicolorata (ex holotype, URM 90132). A. Conidia; B. Conidiogenous cells and

dark reddish-brown distal cell; C. Conidiophore basal cell; D. Intercalary conidiogenous cells

with tretic loci and conidia; E. Conidiophores, conidiogenous cells, and conidia. B-D share the

same scale.

Paliphora bicolorata sp. nov. (Brazil) ... 905

906 ... Malosso & al.

pleurogenous, cylindrical to broad subacerose, attenuate at the base, obtuse at

the apex, straight, 1-euseptate, hyaline, smooth, 18-23 x 2 um, accumulating in

white, slimy masses, more or less near the conidiophores central part.

Notes: Among the six previously described Paliphora species, only

P. intermedia Alcorn and P. porosa Kuthub. are superficially similar to

P. bicolorata by producing 1-septate conidia, but these species are otherwise

clearly distinguished from P. bicolorata. In P. intermedia (which has been

isolated from decaying leaves of several plants in Brazil, Cuba, and Mexico;

Gusmao et al. 2008) the conidia are shorter (14.5-19 um long) with a slightly

asymmetrical septum and the conidiophores are uniformly brown (Alcorn

1996; Rao & de Hoog 1986, as “P. aurea”). Paliphora porosa produces cylindrical

to clavate conidia that are usually 1-septate (rarely 2-3-septate) and somewhat

constricted at the septa and uniformly golden brown longer (200-280 um)

conidiophores with more septa (15-23-septate; Kuthubutheen 1987).

Key to Paliphora species

Nae -Conidianisuallytanicelilaie sh oe ei ek ovat eh or Sear is Sear hs Sea te Sigs sor SIME gr de 2.

Conidiarsuallyseptare 3. Nie Meweg «Meise Whew Micwniaye MEcmiahe Wheelie steriias dst Arwen 3

2. Conidia cylindrical, straight or curved, 17-20 x 1-2 um; conidiophores

cylindrical below, inflated near the apex, verrucose, 13-19-septate,

dark DROW is 142 = 208) 2s UiT ote Sask BES sak Sie Sats cate atin idle cate ego P. inflata

Conidia falcate, obtuse and widest at the apex, attenuating gradually to a narrow

base, 6.5-9 x 1-1.5 um; conidiophores cylindrical, smooth below,

acute, verrucose toward the apex, 11-18(-23)-septate,

evenly golden brown, 99-132 X5.5-6.5 MM ........ eee eee cece eee ee P. aurea

Sa, -OniGiaMhse state: ja uty feycmee fiz catagt a cers Pec coeegl Pe contg) pee heer Pd nee Er orc 4

GOitidta Sel-Sep tate: scare ht gare sahesse, AAT us 28, kT os 28, UOT aya ED be asf ton iat RA eights 6

4. Conidiophores bicolored, golden brown below and dark reddish-brown

at the four distal cells, <17-septate, smooth below, verruculose near the apex,

170-220 x 4-6 um; conidia cylindrical to broad sub-acerose, obtuse

at the apex, attenuated at the base, 18-23 x 2um................. P. bicolorata

Comidiophores:nOt as-abOver eB oe.e Bes ehiee Sad +n Reus Boe oe Sages eee Bad ee Bakes 5

5. Conidiophores evenly brown, cylindrical below, acute at the apex,

16-22-septate, smooth below, verrucose near the apex, 135-205 x 6-7 um;

conidia, cylindrical or fusoid, apex obtuse, base subacute or obconic, straight

or slightly curved, asymmetrically septate, 14.5-19x 2um ....... P. intermedia

Conidiophores evenly golden brown, cylindrical below, acute at the apex,

15-23-septate, smooth below, verrucose near the apex, 200-280 x 5-9 um;

conidia, cylindrical to clavate, symmetrical, slightly constricted at the septa,

apex obtuse, base acute, straight, 12-25 x 1-2.5um ................. P. porosa

Paliphora bicolorata sp. nov. (Brazil) ... 907

6. Conidia 3-6-septate, elongate-fusiform or narrowly, sometimes slightly

sigmoid, 40-70 x 2-3 um; conidiophores cylindrical, apex rounded, brown,

20-63-septate, smooth, 170-540 x4.5-5 um .. 2... eee eee eee eee P. curviapicis

Conidia 8-13-septate, cylindrical, apex obtuse, base obconic, straight or slightly

curved, 50-65 x 2.5 um; conidiophores cylindrical below, bulbous at the basal

cell, apex acute, brown, <16-septate, smooth below, verrucose toward the apex,

BdS 7 NOSG Fas he TE Are altar lt ark elas OM ges P. multiseptata

Acknowledgments

The authors express their sincere gratitude to Dr. Xiu-Guo Zhang and Dr. De-Wei Li

for their critical review of the manuscript. The authors are grateful to Coordena¢ao de

Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES) for financial support (project

88881.062172/2014-01) and the Programa Ciéncia sem Fronteiras. RFCR is grateful to

the Cuban Ministry of Agriculture and Programa de Salud Animal y Vegetal (project

P131LH003033) for facilities. We acknowledge the facilities provided by Dr. P.M. Kirk

and Drs. V. Robert through the Index Fungorum and MycoBank websites. Dr. Lorelei

Norvell’s editorial review and Dr. Shaun Pennycook’s nomenclature review are greatly

appreciated.

Literature cited

Alcorn JL. 1996. Paliphora intermedia sp. nov. from Australia. Mycotaxon 59: 145-148.

Carmichael JW. 1955. Lacto-fuchsin: a new medium for mounting fungi. Mycologia 47: 611.

Castafieda-Ruiz RF, Heredia G, Gusmao LFP, Li DW. 2016. Fungal diversity of Central and

South America. 197-217, in: DW Li (ed.). Biology of Microfungi. Springer International

Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29137-6_9

Goh TK, Lau WY, Teo KC. 2014. Paliphora curviapicis sp. nov. from Malaysia, and a synopsis of

the genus. Mycotaxon 127: 145-153. https://doi.org/10.5248/127.145

Gusmao LFP, Leao-Ferreira SM, Marques MFO, Almeida DAC. 2008. New species and

records of Paliphora from the Brazilian semi-arid region. Mycologia 100: 306-309.

https://doi.org/10.1080/15572536.2008. 11832485

Kuthubutheen AJ. 1987. Paliphora porosa sp. nov. on leaf litter from Malaysia. Transaction of the

British Mycological Society 89: 270-273. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-1536(87)80168-7

Rao V, de Hoog GS. 1986. New or critical hyphomycetes from India. Studies in Mycology 28. 84 p.

Sivanesan A, Sutton BC. 1985. Microfungi on Xanthorrhoea. Transaction of the British

Mycological Society 85: 239-255. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-1536(85)80186-8

MY COTAXON

October-December 2017— Volume 132, pp. 909-918

https://doi.org/10.5248/132.909

Inocybe shawarensis sp. nov. in the Inosperma clade

from Pakistan

A. NASEER’*, A.N. KHALID? & MATTHEW E. SMITH?

‘Centre for Undergraduate Studies & *Department of Botany, University of the Punjab,

Quaid-e-Azam Campus-54590, Lahore, Pakistan

> Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, U.S.A.

“CORRESPONDENCE TO: arooj.hons@pu.edu.pk

ABSTRACT —A new species, Inocybe shawarensis, was collected during field research on

ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with oak forests in Swat district, Pakistan. This species,

supported by a combination of morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses, is

characterized by a brown, fibrillose campanulate pileus, grayish lamellae, slightly bulbous

stipe base, slightly pruinose silvery white stipe, small phaseoliform spores, and clavate

cheilocystidia. We present phylogenetic analyses based on DNA sequences from the internal

transcribed spacer (ITS) region and large subunit (LSU) of the nuclear ribosomal RNA

(rRNA). Phylogenies from both DNA regions cluster I. shawarensis within the Maculata

subclade in the Inosperma clade.

KEY worps — Agaricomycetes, Inocybaceae, Quercus, Shawar Valley

Introduction

The Inocybaceae is one of the most taxonomically diverse families of

Agaricales. Its representatives form ectomycorrhizal (EcM) associations with

many angiosperms and gymnosperms in tropical and temperate areas. Between

70% and 80% of species in the family have been described in association

primarily with ectomycorrhizal plant families Fagaceae, Pinaceae and Salicaceae

(Kirk et al. 2008).

Inocybe (Fr.) Fr., one of three formally described genera in Inocybaceae, was

first established by Fries as a “tribe” of Agaricus in 1821 and later elevated to

genus rank in 1863 (Matheny et al. 2009). The genus has been divided into

910 ... Naseer, Khalid & Smith

subgenera and sections based on spore morphology, shape and distribution of

cystidia on fruit body tissues, and stipe morphology. Multigene phylogenetic

analysis by Matheny (2009) identified seven clades within Inocybaceae: Auritella,

Inocybe, Inosperma, Mallocybe, Mallocybella, Nothocybe, and Pseudosperma.

The Inosperma clade is characterized phylogenetically as a robustly

supported monophyletic group including species with radially fibrillose to

rimose or squamulose pilei and ellipsoid to phaseoliform spores but lacking

metuloid pleurocystidia. Many species of the Inosperma clade also feature

unusual odors, and some may have rubescent or brunnescent flesh.

Among the more than 850 Inocybe species reported worldwide (Matheny et

al. 2009, 2012; Kobayashi & Onishi 2010, Horak et al. 2015, Jabeen et al. 2016),

at least 47 Inocybe species are resolved in the Inosperma clade (Matheny 2009,

Matheny et al. 2009, Kropp et al. 2013, Pradeep et al. 2016, Latha & Manimohan

2016). From Pakistan, 26 species of Inocybe have been reported, but only a few

studies have verified the taxonomic identity of specimens using molecular data

(Ahmad et al. 1997, Ilyas et al. 2013, Saba et al. 2015, Jabeen et al. 2016). The

only species in the Inosperma clade that has been reported from Pakistan is

Inocybe mimica Massee (Saba et al. 2015).

Here we describe a new species, Inocybe shawarensis, from Shawar Valley,

Swat district, Pakistan. The specimens were characterised by morphological

characters as well as molecular datasets based on the internal transcribed spacer

(ITS) and large subunit (LSU) of nrDNA. Based on traditional classifications

(Kithner 1980, Kuyper 1986, Stangl 1989), our new species would be placed in

Inocybe sect. Rimosae within I. subg. Inosperma.

Materials & methods

Sampling Site

The Swat district (34.34-35.55°N 72.08-72.50°E), situated in the Khyber

Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan, is well known for its unique biodiversity (Shinwari

et al. 2003). Its Shawar Valley, which occupies an area of 48.77 km’ within the Hindu

Kush mountain range (Ahmad & Sirajuddin 1996), is topographically mountainous,

varying in elevation from 1200 m to 3800 m (Anonymous 1999). Floristically the Valley

is representative of the western Himalayan Province. The climate is moist temperate

with temperatures averaging a winter minimum of 4.8°C and summer maximum of

33.5°C and an average annual rainfall of about 800 mm, with precipitation occurring in

spring and summer seasons with snowfall at higher elevations (Ullah et al. 2014).

Fruiting bodies of Inocybe, collected during a field investigation of ectomycorrhizal

communities associated with the oaks of Swat during 2014-2016, were found in a pure

Quercus forest in Shawar Valley. The type locality lies in a thick moist temperate forest

Inocybe shawarensis sp. nov. (Pakistan) ... 911

of Quercus oblongata D. Don [= Q. incana Roxb., nom. illeg.] along a tributary of the

Swat River.

Morphological analyses

Fruiting bodies of Inocybe were collected and photographed in the field using a Nikon

D70S camera. Morphological characters were recorded from fresh specimens. Color

designations were based on the Munsell Color System (Munsell 1975). For preservation

specimens were dried using an electric fan heater. Rehydrated material was examined

microscopically in 5% KOH, phloxine, and Melzer’s reagents.

Anatomical features of basidiospores, basidia, cystidia, stipe hyphae and pileus

hyphae were measured at 1000x magnification and include: arithmetic mean of spore

length and width for all spores measured, Q = spore length divided by spore width.

Spore size range was determined by 30 basidiospore measurements from each fruiting

body.

Specimens were deposited in the Herbarium, Department of Botany, University

of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan (LAH) and the University of Florida Herbarium,

Gainesville FL, USA (FLAS).

DNA extraction, amplification and sequencing

Genomic DNA was extracted from gill tissue using a modified CTAB method

(Gardes & Bruns 1993). ITS and LSU regions were amplified by the primer pairs ITS1F/

ITS4B and LROR/LRS, respectively. All PCR products were evaluated for successful

amplification using SYBR Green and 1.5% agarose gels with TAE buffer for gel

electrophoresis. Amplicons were prepared for sequencing via enzymatic purification

using Exonuclease I and Shrimp Alkaline Phosphatase enzymes (Werle et al. 1994).

Purified products were sequenced by the University of Florida's Interdisciplinary Center

for Biotechnology Research (http://www.biotech.ufl.edu/). Sequence chromatograms

were trimmed, edited, and assembled using Sequencer 4.1 (GeneCodes, Ann Arbor,

MI). DNA sequences generated for this study were deposited in GenBank.

Molecular phylogenetic analysis

For alignment and phylogenetic analysis, the top 100 BLAST search result sequences

were selected from GenBank using NCBI BLAST (http://www.ncbi.nlm.niih.gov/).

Other closely related species were also included based on the published literature in the

final dataset. Sequences were manually edited and assembled using BioEdit (www.mbio.

ncsu.edu/bioedit/bioedit.html). After sequence alignment by Muscle, all sequences were

trimmed between the conserved motifs 5’-(...GAT) CATTA— and —GACCT(CAAA...)—3’

(Dentinger et al. 2011). Auritella species were selected as outgroup based on results

reported by Larsson et al. (2009). Phylogenetic trees were constructed with the

Maximum Likelihood (ML) algorithm using a general time-reversible model (Nei &

Kumar 2000) and nearest-neighbour interchange as the ML heuristic search method

using MEGA6 software. The topology was assessed by 1000 bootstrap replicates.

Initial tree(s) for the heuristic search were obtained by applying the Neighbor-

Joining method to a matrix of pairwise distances estimated using the Maximum

912 ... Naseer, Khalid & Smith

Composite Likelihood (MCL) approach. The tree is drawn to scale, with branch lengths

measured in the number of substitutions per site. Evolutionary analyses were conducted

in MEGA6 (Tamura et al. 2013).

Taxonomy

Inocybe shawarensis Naseer & Khalid, sp. nov. Fia. 1

MycoBank MB 820130

Differs from Inocybe quietiodor by its brown pileus with a less prominent, campanulate

umbo, its gray gills, its silvery lower stipe and dark gray upper stipe, and its smaller,

more phaseoliform spores.

Type: Pakistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Swat district, Shawar Valley, 2100 m

a.s.l, solitary on ground under Quercus oblongata D. Don [= Q. incana Roxb., nom.

illeg.], 14 July 2015, Arooj Naseer ASSW79 (Holotype, FLAS-F-S9456; GenBank

KY616964, KY616966. Isotype, LAH35195; GenBank KY616965).

ErymMo ocy: The specific epithet shawarensis refers to the Shawar Valley, the location

where the type was collected.

Piteus: 30 mm diam., campanulate, umbonate, margin slightly incurved or

deflexed; surface fibrillose, rimose or cracked towards the margin; dark brown

(7.5yR4/8) at the centre, becoming lighter brown in patches towards the margin

that is creamy white (10y8/2). LAMELLAE subdistant, fimbriate, eroded, light

gray (2.5Gy8/2) when young; LAMELLULAE of varying lengths, alternating with

lamellae. STIPE: 4.8 x 0.4 cm, cylindrical, central; surface fibrillose, apex slightly

pruinose, slightly narrower towards apex, base slightly swollen to bulbous; base

light brown (7.5yR4/8) with lower two third creamy or silvery white and upper

one third dark gray (2.5yG5/2)

Basip1ospores [60/2/1], (4.5-)4.7-6.5(-6.8) x (2.7-)2.8 x 3.7(-3.8) um,

avl x avw = 5.2 x 3.2 um, Q = (1.2-)1.3-1.9(-2.5), avQ = 1.63, yellowish

brown in KOH, smooth, thick walled, phaseoliform. BAsrp1a 22-31 x 6-10

um, light brown, clavate, blunt ended, four-spored. CHEILOCYSTIDIA 21-55 x

9-11 um, clavate, thin walled, in groups. PLEUROCYSTIDIA none. PILEIPELLIS

a radially orientated cutis of thin-walled hyphae, 5-7 um diam., cylindrical,

walls smooth or finely encrusted, light brown in KOH, blunt ends, septate,

clamped. CauLocystTip1< only at apex, more or less similar to cheilocystidia.

STIPITIPELLIS hyphae 4-7 um diam., septate, filamentous, unbranched. CLamp

CONNECTIONS present. Odour not recorded.

Molecular phylogenetic analysis

Inocybe shawarensis sequences of the amplified products of ITS (KY616964,

KY616965) and LSU (KY616966) were BLAST searched at NCBI. Both the ITS and

Inocybe shawarensis sp. nov. (Pakistan) ... 913

H o_o

Fic. 1. Inocybe shawarensis (isotype, LAH35195). A, B. basidiomata; C. basidiospores; D. basidia;

E. cheilocystidia; F. caulocystidia; G. pileipellis; H. stipitipellis. Scale bars: A, B = 1.5 um; C = 5 um;

D = 12 um; E, F = 16 um; G, H = 13 um.

914 ... Naseer, Khalid & Smith

LSU sequences suggest a close affinity with I. quietiodor Bon. The LSU sequence

was 97% identical to I. quietiodor (FJ904174) with 100% query coverage, whereas

the ITS sequence showed 93% sequence similarity with I. quietiodor (FJ936168)

with 100% query coverage. The ITS analysis comprised 52 nucleotide sequences

with 1405 positions total in the final dataset, while the LSU analysis comprised 40

nucleotide sequences with 852 positions in the final dataset.

Maculata

Inosperma

JF908117 | geraniodora

EU523576 | mutata

JF908128 | cervicolor _ |Cervicolore:

HQ604816 | calamistrata i

JQ801385 | apiosmota —

AY635766 Auritella aureoplumosa

AY380395 Auritella geoaustralis Jesse

69 AY 380371 Auritella dolichocystis

Fic. 2. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of ITS sequences from Inocybe spp. in the Inosperma

clade inferred by using the Maximum Likelihood method. The analysis involved 52 nucleotide

sequences. The tree with the highest log likelihood (—9223.6738) is shown. Sequences

generated during this study are represented by dots.

Inocybe shawarensis sp. nov. (Pakistan) ... 915

Maculata

EU555463 | cf er Inosperma

JQ994476 | mutata

JN975021 | apiosmota

FN550945 | geraniodora ervicolore

JQ815417 | cervicolor

AY635766 Auritella aureoplumosa

42 AY380395 Auritella geoaustralis

AY635764 Auritella dolichocystis

Out group

0.02

Fic. 3. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of LSU sequences from Inocybe spp. in Inosperma

clade inferred by using the Maximum Likelihood method. The analysis involved 40 nucleotide

sequences. The tree with the highest log likelihood is shown. The sequence generated during

this study is represented by a dot.

Our analysis revealed two major lineages within the Inosperma

clade. The new species clustered with I. quietiodor in the Maculata

subclade, whereas the Cervicolores subclade was resolved as a distinctly

monophyletic group.

The percentage of trees in which the associated taxa clustered together

is shown next to the branches.

916 ... Naseer, Khalid & Smith

Discussion

Species in the Maculata subclade are characterized in part by the presence of

thin-walled often clavate to pyriform cheilocystidia, phaseoliform spores, and

specific odours, and the stipe base tends to be distinctly bulbous, as found in

I. cookei Bres., I. maculata Boud., and I. quietiodor (Larsson et al. 2009).

Inocybe shawarensis is characterized by its brown fibrillose campanulate

pileus, grayish hymenium, a stipe surface that is silvery white on the lower

two-thirds and dark gray on the upper third, a cylindrical stipe that is slightly

pruinose at apex, slightly bulbous stipe base, an absence of pleurocystidia, and

small phaseoliform yellowish brown spores. Our new species is morphologically

similar to Inocybe quietiodor but separated with 70% bootstrap value from

I. quietiodor (FJ93618, AM882950, AM882961), with which it forms a sister

clade that includes Inocybe cf. reisneri (sampled from Japan).

Compared to I. shawarensis, characterized with a brown campanulate pileus

and gray gills, I. quietiodor has a more prominently umbonate yellowish (5y8/10)

pileus and yellowish lamellae. Inocybe quietiodor is further distinguished

by its yellow cylindrical stipe with the whitish bulbous base and larger and

less phaseoliform spores. Inocybe cookei is distinguished morphologically

by its conspicuously marginate bulbous base (bulb <16 mm) and pyriform

cheilocystidia.

The Indian species I. gregaria K.P.D. Latha & Manim., I. virosa C.K. Pradeep

et al., and I. carnosibulbosa C.K. Pradeep & Matheny falling in the Inosperma

clade “Old World tropical clade 2” may be comparable to our taxon. Inocybe

shawarensis differs from these, however, by its placement in the Maculata

subclade and its smaller basidiomata (Pradeep et al. 2016, Latha & Manimohan

2016).

Acknowledgements

We are sincerely grateful to Dr. Brandon Matheny, Department of Ecology and

Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA, for his comments on

an earlier version of this paper. We wish to express our gratitude to Dr. Abdul Rehman

Niazi (Assistant Professor, Department of Botany, University Of the Punjab, Lahore)

for also acting as pre-submission reviewer of this manuscript. We are also thankful to

Dr. Sana Jabeen (University of Education, Lahore) for her help during the manuscript

preparation.

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Proceedings of First Training Workshop on Ethnobotany and its Application to Conservation,

National herbarium, NARC, Islamabad.

Inocybe shawarensis sp. nov. (Pakistan) ... 917

Ahmad S, Iqbal SH, Khalid AN. 1997. Fungi of Pakistan. Lahore, Pakistan: Sultan Ahmad

Mycological Society.

Anonymous. 1999. District Census Report, Swat. Population census organization, Statistics

Division, Government of Pakistan, Islamabad. pp. 198- 201.

Dentinger BTM, Didukh MY, Moncalvo JM. 2011. Comparing COI and ITS barcode markers for

mushrooms and allies (Agaricomycotina). PLoS One 6(9): e25081.

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0025081

Gardes M, Bruns TD. 1993. ITS primers with enhanced specificity for basidiomycetes—

application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts. Molecular Ecology 2: 113-118.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.1993.tb00005.x

Horak E, Matheny PB, Desjardin DE, Soytong K. 2015. The genus Inocybe (Inocybaceae,

Agaricales, Basidiomycota) in ‘Thailand and Malaysia. Phytotaxa 230(3): 201-238.

https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.230.3.1

Ilyas S, Razaq A, Khalid AN. 2013. Inocybe nitidiuscula and its ectomycorrhizae with Alnus nitida

from Galyat, Pakistan. Mycotaxon 124: 247-254. https://doi.org/10.5248/124.247

Jabeen S, Ahmad I, Rashed A, Khalid AN. 2016. Inocybe kohistanensis, a new species from Swat,

Pakistan. Turkish Journal of Botany 40: 312-318. https://doi.org/10.3906/bot-1501-17

Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA. 2008. Dictionary of the Fungi. 10th ed. Wallingford,

UK: CAB International.

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[= Cortinatae] from Kobe, Japan. Nova Hedwigia 90: 227-232.

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Kropp BR, Matheny PB, Hutchison LJ. 2013. Inocybe section Rimosae in Utah: phylogenetic

affinities and new species. Mycologia, 105: 728-747. https://doi.org/10.3852/12-185

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49(num. spéc.). 1027 p.

Kuyper TW. 1986. A revision of the genus Inocybe in Europe. 1. Subgenus Inosperma and the

smooth spored species of subgenus Inocybe. Persoonia Supplement 3. 247 p.

Larsson E, Ryberg M, Moreau PA, Mathiesen AD, Jacobsson S. 2009. Taxonomy and evolutionary

relationships within species of section Rimosae (Inocybe) based on ITS, LSU and mtSSU

sequence data. Persoonia 23: 86-98. https://doi.org/10.3767/003158509X475913

Latha KDP, Manimohan P. 2016. Inocybe gregaria, a new species of the Inosperma clade from

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Matheny PB, Aime MC, Bougher NL, Buyck B, Desjardin DE, Horak E, Kropp BR, Lodge DJ,

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918 ... Naseer, Khalid & Smith

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purification of PCR products for direct sequencing. Nucleic Acids Research 22: 4354-4355.

https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/22.20.4354

MY COTAXON

October-December 2017— Volume 132, pp. 919-923

https://doi.org/10.5248/132.919

Phaeomonilia aquatica sp. nov.,

an aquatic hyphomycete from China

JUN-EN HUANG’, HAI-YAN SONG’, XI-GEN HUANG},

JIAN Ma” & D1AN-MinG Hu™

"Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Fungal Resources,

College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University & °College of Science,

Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China

“ CORRESPONDENCE TO: Jian Ma, Dian-Ming Hu, email: hudianming1@163.com

ABSTRACT—A new aquatic hyphomycete, Phaeomonilia aquatica, is described and illustrated

from specimens collected on submerged wood in Jiangxi Province, China. Phaeomonilia

aquatica is morphologically characterized by conidiophores with percurrent proliferation

and aseptate smooth conidia that are spherical, subtriangular, subglobose, ellipsoidal to

subfusiform or obovate and formed in branched acropetal chains. A key to Phaeomonilia

species is provided.

KEY worps — anamorphic fungi, freshwater fungi, lignicolous fungi, taxonomy

Introduction

Hyphomycetous fungi are highly diverse in freshwater habitats (Hu

et al. 2013). As essential components in aquatic ecosystems, they play an

irreplaceable role in the natural cycle of organic materials and energy. Their

global distribution is poorly studied (Shearer et al. 2007), but our group has

investigated the distribution of aquatic hyphomycetes for about ten years

(Hu et al. 2007, 2010a,b, 2012a,b,c, 2013; Huang et al. 2016). The ongoing

investigation in Jiangxi Province, China, has led to the collection of a new

species of Phaeomonilia R.F. Castaneda et al.

Materials & methods

Unidentified wood samples submerged in a freshwater stream were collected in

Jiangxi Province, China, and incubated in moist chambers at room temperature (ca. 25

920 ... Huang & al.

°C). Samples were examined for fungal fruiting bodies using a dissecting microscope.

Observations and photographs were prepared from materials mounted in water and

examined with a Nikon Ni compound microscope (Hu et al. 2012a). The specimens

examined were deposited in the Herbarium of Fungi, Jiangxi Agricultural University,

Nanchang, China (HFJAU).

Taxonomy

Phaeomonilia aquatica J.E. Huang, H.Y. Song, Jian Ma & D.M. Hu, sp. nov. P11

MycoBANkK MB 821142

Differs from Phaeomonilia guangxiensis by its conidiophores with percurrent

proliferations through the apex and by its narrower conidia, and from P. nanningensis

by its conidiophores with percurrent proliferations through the apex and by its shorter

hyaline to yellowish conidia.

TypE—China, Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang, Lushan Mountain, in a stream on submerged

wood, 13 Oct. 2016, J.E. Huang (Holotype, HFJAU 0148).

ETyMOLOGY—aquatica, referring to the aquatic habitat of the fungus.

COLONIES on submerged wood effuse, brown to dark brown, consisting

of scattered single conidiophores over the substrate surface. MYCELIUM

immersed orsuperficial, composed ofbrown, cylindrical, septate, infrequently

branched hyphae. CoNrIDIOPHORES macronematous, mononematous,

sometimes more than 900 um long and 8.5-18 um diam., single, erect,

straight or flexuous, branched or unbranched, smooth, occasionally rough,

15-35-septate, thin-walled, brown to dark brown toward the base, fading

slightly toward the apex, with percurrent proliferations through the apex,

giving rise to new conidiogenous loci at the apex. CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS

holothallic, 12-29 x 8.5-13 um, terminal, subapical or lateral, obovoid,

cupulate or obtrapezoid, smooth, pale brown, with several pale brown to

hyaline trapezoid denticles, 3.0-5.9 x 0.9-2.3 um. Conrp1A thallic-arthric,

1-celled, 8-14 x 7.5-12 um, spherical, subtriangular, subglobose, ellipsoidal

to subfusiform or obovate, hyaline to yellowish, in branched acropetal

chains of about seven conidia, thin-walled, with some small wart on the

surface. Conidial secession schizolytic.

ADDITIONAL SPECIMEN EXAMINED—CHINA, JIANGXI PROVINCE, Jiujiang, Lushan

Mountain, in a stream on submerged wood, 13 Oct. 2016, J.-E. Huang (HFJAU 0323).

PLATE 1. Phaeomonilia aquatica (holotype, HFJAU 0148). a. Conidiophore and conidia

on submerged wood; b-d. Conidiophores and conidia. Note the proliferation (arrowed

in d); e-f. Conidial chains; g. Conidiogenous cell with conidia; h-k. Conidiogenous cells;

l-s. Conidia. Scale bars: a, b = 100 um; c-f = 50 um; g = 20 um; h-s = 5 um.

Phaeomonilia aquatica sp. nov. (China) ... 921

922 ... Huang & al.

Discussion

Castafieda-Ruiz et al. (2007) erected Phaeomonilia for two species,

P. pleiomorpha R.F. Castaneda et al. (type species) and P corticola (R.F.

Castafieda) R.E. Castafieda et al. [= Monilia corticola R.F. Castafeda]. They

compared Phaeomonilia morphologically with similar genera, including

Botryomonilia Goos & Piroz., Staheliella Emden, and Oidiodendron Robak.

Subsequently, Ma et al. (2015) and Yang et al. (2016) described P guangxiensis

Y.R. Ma & X.G. Zhang and P. nanningensis C.L. Yang & X.G. Zhang from China.

Phaeomonilia pleiomorpha was collected from a palm petiole submerged in

a stream, but the other three species were collected from decaying petioles,

twigs, or stems in terrestrial habitats. Phaeomonilia aquatica is the second

species reported from freshwater habitats.

Phaeomonilia aquatica can be easily distinguished from the other

species of Phaeomonilia by its percurrently proliferating conidiophores.

In addition, P pleiomorpha differs from P. aquatica by its smaller, globose,

broadly Y-shaped conidia (4.0-5.8 x 3.9-4.4 um) and its Stylaspergillus-like

synanamorph (Castafeda-Ruiz et al. 2007); P guangxiensis differs by its

slightly shorter and wider, colorless, ellipsoid to globose, broadly Y-shaped

conidia (7-11 x 11-14.5 um; Ma et al. 2015); PR. nanningensis differs by its

longer and slightly wider, brown to pale brown conidia (13.5-25 x 9-13 um;

Yang et al. 2016); and P corticola differs by its narrower, doliiform or ellipsoid

conidia (5.5-16 x 4-5 um; Castaneda-Ruiz et al. 2007). A key to Phaeomonilia

species is presented below.

Key to species of Phaeomonilia

1. Stylaspergillus-like synanamorph present ...................0000 P. pleiomorpha

LANoSivlaspetoriis like synanamorpne, f0 See POR oe oe Le Sree 2

2. Conidia doliiform or ellipsoid, 5.5-16 x 4-5 um... ee ee eee P. corticola

21C conidia ot doliitgtitices A 5-tmTisC ati. the ofc te ee oe ee bey ee by ek eee an ee 3

3. Conidiophores with percurrent proliferation; conidia spherical,

subtriangular, subglobose, ellipsoidal to subfusiform, or obovate. .... P. aquatica

3. Conidiophores without percurrent proliferation; conidia ellipsoidal,

slobose.corn ashaped ce. Meteo oat 5 awe ina ace pig we efag aoe eng ned apn Oo apenas PME age 4

4, Conidia hyaline, 7-11 x 11-14.5 um ....... eee eee eee P. guangxiensis

4, Conidia brown to pale brown, 13.5-25 x 9-13 um ............0006- P. nanningensis

Acknowledgments

The authors express their sincere gratitude to Dr. Eric H.C. McKenzie and Dr.

Huang Zhang for their critical review of the manuscript, to Dr. Shaun Pennycook for

Phaeomonilia aquatica sp. nov. (China) ... 923

nomenclatural review, and to Dr. Lorelei L. Norvell for editorial review. This project

was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 31500021,

31460009) and The Key Research and Development Program of Jiangxi Province

(No. 20161 BBF60078).

Literature cited

Castafieda-Ruiz RF, Heredia-Abarca G, Arias RM, Saikawa M, Minter DW, Stadler M. 2007.

Anamorphic fungi from submerged plant material: Phaeomonilia pleiomorpha, P. corticola and

Cacumisporium pleuroconidiophorum. Mycotaxon 100: 327-336.

Hu DM, Zhu H, Cai L, Hyde KD, Zhang KQ. 2007. Sirothecium triseriale, a new chirosporous

anamorphic species from China. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 28: 311-314.

Hu DM, Cai L, Chen H, Bahkali AH, Hyde KD. 2010a. Four new freshwater fungi associated with

submerged wood from Southwest Asia. Sydowia 62: 191-203.

Hu DM, Cai L, Chen H, Bahkali AH, Hyde KD. 2010b. Fungal diversity on submerged wood

in a tropical stream and an artificial lake. Biodiversity and Conservation 19: 3799-3808.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-010-9927-5

Hu DM, Cai L, Bahkali AH, Hyde KD. 2012a. Two new freshwater species of Annulatascaceae from

China. Mycotaxon 120: 81-88. https://doi.org/10.5248/120.81

Hu DM, Cai L, Hyde KD. 2012b. Three new ascomycetes from freshwater in China. Mycologia 104:

1478-1489. https://doi.org/10.3852/11-430

Hu DM, Chen H, Cai L, Bahkali AH, Hyde KD. 2012c. Aquapeziza: a new genus from freshwater,

and its morphological and phylogenetic relationships to Pezizaceae. Mycologia 104: 540-546.

https://doi.org/10.3852/11-123

Hu DM, Liu FE, Cai L. 2013. Biodiversity of aquatic fungi in China. Mycology 4: 125-168.

https://doi.org/10.1080/21501203.2013.835752

Huang JE, Song HY, Ma J, Guan GX, Hu DM. 2016. Xylohyphopsis aquatica sp. nov., a new aquatic

hyphomycete from China. Mycotaxon 131: 391-394. https://doi.org/10.5248/131.391

Ma YR, Xia JW, Zhang XG, Castafieda-Ruiz RF. 2015. New species of Phaeomonilia and Mirandina

from dead branches in China. Mycotaxon 130: 775-781. https://doi.org/10.5248/130.775

Shearer CA, Descals E, Kohlmeyer B, Kohlmeyer J, Marvanova L, Padgett D, Porter D, Raja HA,

Schmit JP, Thorton HA, Voglmayr H. 2007. Fungal biodiversity in aquatic habitats. Biodiversity

and Conservation 16: 49-67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-006-9120-z

Yang CL, Wang JY, Xia JW, Ma YR, Gao JM, Zhang XG. 2016. Phaeomonilia nanningensis sp.

nov. and a new Craspedodidymum record from southern China. Mycotaxon 131: 547-551.

https://doi.org/10.5248/131.547

MY COTAXON

October-December 2017— Volume 132, pp. 925-931

https://doi.org/10.5248/132.925

Minimelanolocus atlanticus sp. nov.

and M. navicularis from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

PHELIPE M.O. Costa’, ELAINE MALOsso", MARCELA A. BARBOSA’,

WANDERSON L. TAVARES' & RAFAEL F. CASTANEDA-RUIZ?

"Centro de Biociéncias, Departamento de Micologia &

? Programa de Pés-Graduagao em Biologia de Fungos,

Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida da Engenharia,

s/n Cidade Universitaria, Recife, PE, 50.740-600, Brazil

* Instituto de Investigaciones Fundamentales en Agricultura Tropical (INIFAT)

Alejandro de Humboldt, OSDE, Grupo Agricola,

Calle 1 Esq. 2, Santiago de Las Vegas, C. Habana, Cuba, C.P. 17200

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: elaine.malosso@ufpe.br

ABSTRACT—Minimelanolocus navicularis and a new species, M. atlanticus, are described

and illustrated from collections on decaying leaves of unidentified plants. Minimelanolocus

atlanticus is distinguished by oblong, 2-septate conidia, with brown basal and central cells

and gray to subhyaline apical cell and slightly flattened or sub-rounded apex. Notes are

provided on M. navicularis recorded from Brazilian Atlantic Forest.

Key worps—conidial fungi, asexual fungi, neotropic, systematic

Introduction

The genus Minimelanolocus, established by Castafieda-Ruiz et al. (2001)

and typified by Pseudospiropes navicularis R.F. Castaneda [= M. navicularis],

is characterized by conidiophores that are macronematous, mononematous,

erect, unbranched, smooth or verrucose and conidiogenous cells that

are polyblastic, sympodial elongated, terminal, indeterminate, and with

inconspicuous or slightly prominent, narrow, opaque, refractive to somewhat

obscure conidiogenous loci. Minimelanolocus currently comprises 31 species

(Castaneda-Ruiz et al. 2001, 2003; Fiuza et al. 2017; Heredia et al. 2014;

Hernandez-Restrepo et al. 2012; Liu et al. 2015; Ma et al. 2008, 2011; Tian

926 ... Costa & al.

et al. 2016; Xia et al. 2014; Zhang et al. 2009, 2010), most of which occur as

saprobes on decaying leaves, rotten wood, dead branches, bamboo culms, and

submerged plant debris in aquatic habitats.

During a mycological survey of microfungi associated with leaf litter in a

Brazilian Atlantic forest, two conspicuous fungi representing Minimelanolocus

were collected. We describe one as a new species and present a new description

of the other, M. navicularis.

Materials & methods

Individual collections were placed in plastic bags, taken to the laboratory, and

treated according to Castafeda-Ruiz et al. (2016). Mounts were prepared in lactic

acid (90%) or in polyvinyl alcohol-glycerol (8 g PVA in 100 ml H,O + 5 ml glycerol)

and lactofuchsin (0.1 g acid fuchsin in 100 ml 85% lactic acid) following Carmichael

(1955). Measurements were made at a magnification of x1000 under a Nikon Eclipse

Ni-U microscope with bright field optics, and photomicrographs were taken using DIC

optics with a Nikon DS-Fi2 camera. The holotype was deposited in the Herbarium of

Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil (URM).

Taxonomy

Minimelanolocus atlanticus PM.O. Costa, Malosso &

R.F. Castafieda, sp. nov. Figs 1, 2

INDEX FUNGORUM IF 554056

Differs from Minimelanolocus obscurus by its 2-septate and versicolored conidia.

Type: Brazil, Pernambuco, Igarassu, RPPN Reftigio Ecoldgico Charles Darwin, 7°48’S

34°57’W, on decaying leaves of an unidentified plant, 12.V.2017, coll. RM.O. Costa

(Holotype, URM 90133).

EryMo_oey: Latin, atlanticus, refers to habitat of the fungus, Brazilian Atlantic Forest.

CoLonies on the natural substrate, effuse, hairy, brown. Mycelium superficial

and immersed, composed of septate, branched, brown, smooth-walled

hyphae, 2-3 um diam. CONIDIOPHORES macronematous, mononematous,

erect, straight or flexuous, cylindrical, slightly geniculate near the apex,

unbranched, 7-15-septate, dark brown below, pale brown toward the apex,

200-300 x 5-7 um, smooth. CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS polyblastic, somewhat

sinuate with inconspicuous denticulate or faintly cicatrized, opaque loci,

terminal, integrated, indeterminate with several sympodial extensions, pale

brown, 30-60 x 3.5-4 um. Conidial secession schizolytic. Conrp1a solitary,

acropleurogenous, oblong, sub-rounded or slightly flattened at the apex,

2-septate, bicolor with basal and central cells brown to dirty brown, apical

cell smoked-gray to subhyaline, smooth, dry, 18-21 x 4-5 um. Sexual state

unknown.

Minimelanolocus atlanticus sp. nov. (Brazil) ... 927

Fic. 1. Minimelanolocus atlanticus (ex holotype URM 90133). A. Conidia; B. Conidiophores

and conidiogenous cells; C. Conidiogenous cells; D. Conidiogenous cells and conidia.

C & D share the same scale.

928 ... Costa & al.

Fic. 2. Minimelanolocus atlanticus (ex holotype URM 90133).

Conidiogenous cells and conidia.

Minimelanolocus atlanticus sp. nov. (Brazil) ... 929

Notes: Minimelanolocus obscurus (Matsush.) R.E Castafieda & Heredia [=

Pseudospiropes obscurus Matsush.] is similar to M. atlanticus in producing

oblong conidia but is distinguished by conidia that are 1-4-septate (usually

3-septate), larger (18-34 x 4.5-8 um), and uniformly colored subhyaline or

pale brown (Castafeda-Ruiz et al. 2001, Liu et al. 2015, Matsushima 1983).

Minimelanolocus navicularis (R.F. Castafieda) R.E Castafieda,

Cryptog. Mycol. 22: 9 (2001). Fic. 3

CONIDIOPHORES macronematous, mononematous, erect, straight or

flexuous, unbranched, cylindrical, inflated at the base, 2-5-septate, smooth,

brown, pale brown above, smooth, 43-70 x 4-6 um. CONIDIOGENOUS

CELLS polyblastic, integrated, terminal, indeterminate, sympodial elongated,

pbebe bee

10 pm

Fic. 3. Minimelanolocus navicularis (ex URM 90185).

A. Conidia; B. Conidiophores and conidiogenous cells.

930 ... Costa & al.

inconspicuous denticulate, slightly melanized at the loci, 14-22 x 3-4 um, pale

brown. Conidial secession schizolytic. Conrp1a solitary, acropleurogenous,

navicular, straight, smooth, 3-euseptate, 17-24 x 5-8.5 um, obscure at the septa,

dry, with subhyaline to pale brown end cells, brown to dark brown central cells.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: BRAZIL, PERNAMBUCO STATE, Lagoa da Mata, Ilha de

Itamaraca, 7°46’S 34°51’W, on decaying leaves of an unidentified plant, 23.X1.2016, coll.

W.L. Tavares (URM 90185).

Notes: Minimelanolocus navicularis has been previously recorded in Brazil

by Santa Izabel et al. (2011); their specimen had longer conidiophores

(45-155 um) than our specimen, but the conidia in both specimens closely

match those of the type species (20-25 x 6-8 um; Castaneda-Ruiz 1987).

Acknowledgments

The authors express their sincere gratitude to Dr. Xiu-Guo Zhang and Dr. De-Wei Li

for their critical review of the manuscript. The authors are grateful to the Coordenacao

de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES) (Project 88881.062172/

2014-01) and Programa Ciéncia sem Fronteiras for financial support. RFCR is grateful

to the Cuban Ministry of Agriculture and Programa de Salud Animal y Vegetal (Project

P131LH003033) for facilities. We acknowledge the facilities provided by Dr. P.M.

Kirk and Drs. V. Robert and K. Bensch, through the Index Fungorum and MycoBank

websites. Dr. Lorelei Norvell’s editorial review and Dr. Shaun Pennycook’s nomenclature

review are greatly appreciated.

Literature cited

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Castaneda-Ruiz RE. 1987. Fungi cubenses II. La Habana, Cuba. 22 p.

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the genus Pseudospiropes and some new taxa. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 22: 3-18.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0181-1584(01)01057-0

Castafieda-Ruiz RF, Guarro J, Velasquez-Noa S, Gené J. 2003. A new species of Minimelanolocus

and some hyphomycete records from rain forests in Brazil. Mycotaxon 85: 231-239.

Castafieda-Ruiz RF, Heredia G, Gusmao LFP, Li DW. 2016. Fungal diversity of Central and

South America. 197-217, in: DW Li (ed.). Biology of Microfungi. Springer International

Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29137-6_9

Fiuza PO, Conceigéo LB, Marques MFO, Gusmao LFP, Rafael F. Castafieda-Ruiz RF. 2017.

Dictyotrichocladium aquaticum gen. & sp. nov. and Minimelanolocus aquatilis sp. nov.

from freshwater in Brazil's semiarid region. Mycotaxon 132(2): 433-440. https://doi.

org/10.5248/132.433.

Heredia G, Arias RM, Castafieda-Ruiz RF, Minter DW. 2014. New species of Lobatopedis and

Minimelanolocus (anamorphic fungi) from a Mexican cloud forest. Nova Hedwigia 98: 31-40.

https://doi.org/10.1127/0029-5035/2013/0146

Hernandez-Restrepo M, Castafieda-Ruiz RF, Gené J, Guarro J, Minter DW, Stadler M. 2012.

Microfungi from Portugal: Minimelanolocus manifestus sp. nov. and Vermiculariopsiella

pediculata comb. nov. Mycotaxon 122: 135-143. https://doi.org/10.5248/122.135

Minimelanolocus atlanticus sp. nov. (Brazil) ... 931

Liu XY, Udayanga D, Luo ZL, Chen LJ, Zhou DQ, Hyde KD. 2015. Backbone tree for Chaetothyriales

with four new species of Minimelanolocus from aquatic habitats. Fungal Biology 119:

1046-1062. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2015.08.005

Ma J, Zhang YD, Ma LG, Zhang XG. 2008. Two new species of the Minimelanolocus in China.

Mycotaxon 104: 147-151.

Ma J, Zhang YD, Ma LG, Zhang XG. 2011. Two new Minimelanolocus species from southern China.

Mycotaxon 117: 131-135. https://doi.org/10.5248/117.131

Matsushima T. 1983. Matsushima mycological memoirs, no. 3. 90 p.

Santa Izabel TS, Santos DS, Almeida DAC de, Gusmao LFP. 2011.Fungos conidiais do bioma

Caatinga II. Novos registros para o continente americano, Neotrépico, América do Sul e

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Melanoctona tectonae gen. et sp. nov. and Minimelanolocus yunnanensis sp. nov.

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Mycotaxon 114: 373-376. https://doi.org/10.5248/114.373

MY COTAXON

October-December 2017— Volume 132, pp. 933-941

https://doi.org/10.5248/132.933

New records of Amanita from

Tehuacan-Cuicatlan Biosphere Reserve, México

EVANGELINA PEREZ-SILVA* & ABRAHAM J. MEDINA-ORTIZ

Botany Department, Laboratory of Mycology,

Institute of Biology, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM),

University City, C.P. 04510, México City, México

* Correspondence to: psilva@ib.unam.mx

ABSTRACT—Specimens of Amanita caesarea, A. flavoconia, A. flavorubescens, A. fulva,

A. onusta, A. pantherina, A. rubescens, A. vaginata, and A. verna are described as new records

from Tehuacan-Cuicatlan Biosphere Reserve. There were no records of mycetism produced

by the consumption of those species in the reserve.

Key worps—Amanitaceae, Agaricales, edible, Oaxaca, taxonomy, toxic

Introduction

Ruiz-Oronoz & Herrera (1948) and Herrera (1950) were to first to initiate

mycological research in the Cuicatlan district of Oaxaca. In 1998, President

Ernesto Zedillo Ponce de Leon proclaimed the studied region as the Natural

Protected Area of Tehuacan-Cuicatlan Biosphere Reserve in the states of Puebla

and Oaxaca, México, with the intent of conserving its plant, animal, and fungal

diversity as well as its huge human cultural wealth. Since mycological studies

were restarted in 1996, fungi have been collected in different the vegetation

types of tropical subdeciduous forest, deciduous forest, and pine-oak forest.

As a result of collaborative work amongst the Institute of Biology (National

Autonomous University of Mexico), Ejidal and Communal Commission of

Tehuacan-Cuicatlan, and National Commission of Natural Protected Areas

with the communities of San Pedro Jocotipac and Santa Maria Papalo, nine

species of Amanita (Agaricales, Amanitaceae) have been recorded from this

region for the first time.

934 ... Pérez-Silva & Medina-Ortiz

The aim of this research was to extend the taxonomic knowledge of Amanita

as an exploitable natural resource. Of the nine Amanita spp. identified, four

were edible and five were toxic (one fatally poisonous). In view of the fact

that the reserve’s mycobiota is basically unknown, it is imperative that fungal

research be continued in the region.

Materials & methods

Specimens were collected in oak forests in the Cuicatlan district. Digital pictures,

field data, and macro- and microscopical characterization of samples were performed.

Collections are deposited in the Fungus Collection of the National Herbarium, Institute

of Biology, National Autonomous University of México (MEXU). Colour codes in

descriptions follow Kornerup & Wanscher (1978). Morphological structures were

observed using a stereomicroscope and compound light microscope. Basidiomes were

sectioned and mounted in ammonia water (1%), KOH (5%), Melzer reagent, neutral

red (1%), and cotton blue in lactic acid solutions. Species were identified consulting Bas

(1969), Jenkins (1977), Arora (1986), Pérez-Silva & Herrera (1991), Phillips (1991), and

Tulloss et al. (1992).

Taxonomy

Amanita caesarea (Scop.) Pers., Syn. Meth. Fung. Pars 2: 252 (1801). Fie. 1

BASIDIOME 90-120 mm high. Prteus 5.5-10.5 mm diam., convex, becoming

flatter in age, with long striate margin; disc high red to vivid red (11A8), paler

toward the margin. LAMELLAE 8 mm broad, adnate, with entire edge, pale

yellow (4A3). Stipe 9-12 x 8-17 cm, pale yellow, with darker orange fiber or

patches; annulus pendulous, membranous, yellowish, attached to the upper

stem, often striate; no basal bulb, white volval sac. CONTEXT white to yellowish.

ODOR & TASTE pleasant.

BASIDIOSPORES 8-16.5 x 5.5-8 um, elliptical, thin-walled; basal cylindric

apiculus; uniguttulate, broadly ellipsoid; hyaline, inamyloid. BAsip1A 38.5-49.5

x 10-11 um, tetrasporic, with basal clamp connections.

EcoLoGy—Solitary (rarely in groups) in pine-oak woods during July-

November; mycorrhizal; widely distributed in México, where it is reported

as an edible of excellent culinary value; commonly called “yellow fungus”

(Pérez-Silva & Herrera 1991).

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: MEXICO. Oaxaca: Cuicatlan District, San Pedro Jocotipac,

Ciénega de Cochino, 17 Nov 2013, A.J. Medina-Ortiz, F Medina Ruiz, A. de la Cruz

Martinez (MEXU 27820); El Sdétano, 11 Jul 2014, E. Pérez-Silva, A.J. Medina-Ortiz,

A. Garcia-Mendoza, F. Hernandez (MEXU 27827).

COMMENTS—Amanita caesarea is easily distinguished by its bright yellow gills

and stipe, brilliant red to orange cap with striate margin, and voluminous white

Amanita spp. new from Tehuacaén-Cuicatlan ... 935

FiGurREs 1-8. Amanita species basidiomata. 1: A. caesarea (MEXU 27827). 2: A. flavoconia (MEXU

27828). 3: A. fulva (MEXU 27833). 4:.A. onusta (MEXU 27823). 5:.A. pantherina (MEXU 27835).

6: A. rubescens (MEXU 27832). 7: A. vaginata (MEXU 27824). 8: A. verna (MEXU 27825).

volva (Arora 1986). Fresh mushrooms are sold at markets and along roadsides

in México (Montoya et al. 2001) and the United States (Volk 2017). Amanita

jacksonii is similar, but differs by its larger, bright orange-red basidiome and

occurrence in northern mixed forests of Canada.

Amanita flavoconia G.F. Atk., J. Mycol. 8(3): 110 (1902). Fic. 2

BASIDIOME 80 mm high. Piteus 40-60 mm diam., convex, becoming

broadly flatter when maturing, yellowish red (8B8); surface often viscid, with

bright yellow universal veil remnants; not striate margin. LAMELLAE 7 mm

broad, white to pale yellow (4A3), free from stem, with entire edge. STIPE 60-80

x 5-9 mm, white to yellowish, membranous annulus to the apex, pale yellow;

swollen basal bulb, 20 mm diam., covered with yellow floccose veil fragments,

friable volva. CONTEXT white. ODOR & TASTE pleasant.

BASIDIOSPORES 8-9 xX 6-7 um, ovoid, hyaline, amyloid, thin-walled.

BASIDIA 33-38 x 8-8.5 um, clavate, tetrasporic. PILEIPELLIS hyphae 2-5 um

wide, gelatinized filamentous; oleiferous hyphae 2-4 um wide.

936 ... Pérez-Silva & Medina-Ortiz

EcoLtocy—Solitary in pine-oak woods; fructification during July-

November; wide distribution in México (Pérez-Silva & Herrera 1991).

Villanueva-Jiménez et al. (2006) cited from Ixtlan, Oaxaca.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: MEXICO. Oaxaca: Cuicatlan District, San Pedro Jocotipac,

Ciénega de Cochino, 17 Nov 2013, A.J. Medina-Ortiz, F. Medina-Ruiz, A. de la Cruz

Martinez (MEXU 27821); El Sdétano, 11 Jul 2014, E. Pérez-Silva, A.J. Medina-Ortiz,

A. Garcia-Mendoza, FE Hernandez (MEXU 27828).

CoMMENTS—Amanita flavoconia has been reported as toxic in several localities

in USA (Metzler & Metzler 1992) and may cause gastrointestinal mycetism.

Benedict et al. (1966) did not detect ibotenic acid or muscimol nor did Chilton

& Ott (1976) find toxic metabolites. Aroche et al. (1984) reported presence of

amanitins.

Amanita flavorubescens G.F. Atk., J. Mycol. 8(3): 111 (1902).

BASIDIOME 60 mm high. PrLrEus 40-60 mm diam., convex, becoming flatter

when maturing, orange yellow (4A8); thick yellow warts of volva around center.

LAMELLAE 5 mm broad, white to pale yellow (4A3), free from stipe, white

pulverulent edge. Stipe 50-70 x 3-7 mm, yellow to pale yellow, narrower at

the apex, pruinose to powdery; annulus membranous, skirt-like; basal bulb,

5-15 mm diam., with yellowish margin. CONTEXT white, reddish at the base.

ODOR & TASTE not distinctive.

BASIDIOSPORES 9-10 x 5-7 um, ellipsoid, thin-walled, uniguttulate, with

basal eccentric apiculus, amyloid. Basrp1a tetrasporic. PILEIPELLIS hyphae

2-5 um wide, filamentous; oleiferous hyphae present.

EcoLtoGy—Solitary in pine-oak woods during July-November; mycorrhizal;

widely distributed in Chihuahua, Estado de México, Hidalgo and Morelos

States of México (Pérez-Silva & Herrera 1991). Edibility unknown.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: MEXICO. Oaxaca: Cuicatlan District, San Pedro Jocotipac,

Ciénega de Cochino, 17 Nov 2013, A.J. Medina-Ortiz, F. Medina Ruiz, A. de la Cruz

Martinez (MEXU 27822); Santa Maria Papalo, 12 Jul 2014, E. Pérez-Silva, A.J. Medina-

Ortiz, A. Garcia-Mendoza, EF. Hernandez (MEXU 27829).

ComMMENTsS—Amanita flavorubescens is easily recognized by its striking

yellow pileus with yellow warts, free white crowded lamellae with floccose

edges, yellowish stipe with a superior annulus and slightly reddish persistently

bulbous base.

Amanita fulva Fr., Observ. Mycol. 1: 2 (1815). Fic. 3

BASIDIOME 90 mm high. PiLEus 25-45 mm diam., oval, becoming broadly

convex or flat in age; brownish grey (8D2) to dark brown (8F5); surface viscid

Amanita spp. new from Tehuacan-Cuicatlan ... 937

when moist; remarkably striate margin; LAMELLAE 4 mm broad, whitish (9A1),

free from the stem. STIPE 95 x 5 mm, with very fine hairs, without annulus; the

base enclosed by a white large volva. CONTEXT white. ODOR & TASTE indistinct.

BASIDIOSPORES 8-10 x 9 um, globose, apiculus basal and eccentric, hyaline,

inamyloid. Basip1a 23-38 x 5-7 um, tetrasporic. PILEIPELLIS hyphae 2-8 um

wide, thin filamentous, brown.

EcoLocy—Solitary in pine-oak woods during July; in México widely

distributed in Durango, Estado de México, Hidalgo, Morelos, Puebla and

Veracruz states (Pérez-Silva & Herrera 1991). Edible, although toxic when raw

or poorly cooked (Pérez-Silva 2004).

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: MEXICO. Oaxaca: Cuicatlan District, San Pedro Jocotipac,

El Sétano, 11 Jul 2014, E. Pérez-Silva, A.J. Medina-Ortiz, A. Garcia-Mendoza,

FE Hernandez (MEXU 27830); Santa Maria Papalo, 11 Jul 2014, E. Perez-Silva,

A.J. Medina-Ortiz, A. Garcia-Mendoza, F. Hernandez (MEXU 27833).

ComMMENTS—Amanita fulva is easily recognized by its often umbonate pileus,

striate margin, free whitish lamellae, the stipe lacking an annulus, large white

volva, and inamyloid spores.

Amanita onusta (Howe) Sacc., Syll. Fung. 9: 1 (1891). Fic. 4

BASIDIOME 90-180 mm high. PiLeus 45-90 mm diam., convex, expanding

to flat in age; white (10E2) to pale gray (1B1), covered with dark grey to

brownish grey pyramidal warts, 5 mm high (but shorter toward margin),

veil fragments frequent. LAMELLAE 10 mm broad, white to pale gray (1B1),

ventricose, adnexed, floccose. STIPE 90-180 x 15-25 mm, brownish-grey,

paler towards the top; annulus apical but lost in age; base a ventricose to

napiform basal bulb, 25-35 mm diam.; volva floccose, fibrillose, brownish

grey, remnants in circles around stipe. CONTEXT whitish. ODOR & TASTE

unpleasant.

BASIDIOSPORES 9-10 x 6-7 um, ellipsoid, thin-walled, amyloid. BAsrp1a

38-44 x 6-9 um, pyriform; clamp connections present. PILEIPELLIS thick

layer interwoven, hyphae 3 um diam.; oleiferous hyphae abundant.

EcoLocy—Solitary in pine-oak woods during November; mycorrhizal;

previously reported in México from Estado de México and Veracruz State

(Pérez-Silva & Herrera, 1991) and now for the first time in Oaxaca State.

Little is known regarding its edibility, but its unpleasant odor probably deters

consumption.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: MEXICO. Oaxaca: Cuicatlan District, San Pedro Jocotipac,

Ciénega de Cochino, 17 Nov 2013, A.J. Medina-Ortiz, F. Medina Ruiz, A. de la Cruz

Martinez (MEXU 27823).

938 ... Pérez-Silva & Medina-Ortiz

COMMENTS—Amanita onusta is characterized by its white to pale grey pileus

covered with dark gray to brownish grey pyramidal warts, its dirty white stipe

with a paler apex, and elliptical amyloid spores.

Amanita pantherina (DC.) Krombh.,

Naturgetr. Abbild. Schwamme 4: t.29 f. 10-13 (1836). Fic. 5

BASIDIOME 50-150 mm high. Piteus 50-70 mm diam., convex, finally

flattened; brownish grey (9D3), surface slightly viscid, covered with adnate

white warts. LAMELLAE 8 mm broad, white, free, narrowed to the stem. STIPE

80-120 x 20-50 mm, white, apical annulus, smooth; basal bulb, volva with 2-3

concentric rings. CONTEXT white. ODOR & TASTE unpleasant.

BASIDIOSPORES 7-10 x 6-9 um, ovoid, thin-walled, with hilar appendix.

BASIDIA 38-55 x 10-15 um.

EcoLocy—Solitary in pine-oak woods during July; reported from

Chihuahua, Hidalgo, Estado de México, and Puebla states (Pérez-Silva &

Herrera 1991) and from Ixtlan Mountain range in Oaxaca State by Villanueva-

Jiménez et al. (2006). Although there is no data regarding intoxication from

the Cuicatlan District, Amanita pantherina is known to produce ibotenic

acid (Pérez-Silva 2004; Pérez-Silva et al. 2006, 2008), which causes nervous

mycetism.

STUDIED MATERIAL. MEXICO. Oaxaca: Cuicatlan District, San Pedro Jocotipac,

El Sotano, 11 Jul 2014, E. Pérez-Silva, A.J. Medina-Ortiz, A. Garcia-Mendoza,

FE Hernandez (MEXU 27831); Santa Maria Papalo, 12 Jul 2014, E. Pérez-Silva,

A.J. Medina-Ortiz, A. Garcia-Mendoza, F. Hernandez (MEXU 27835).

CoMMENTS—Amanita pantherina is easily recognized by its viscid brownish

pileus decorated with white to cream patches and initially striate curved

margin, free white lamellae, white stipe with a superior annulus and basal bulb,

and its 2-3 concentrically ringed volva.

Amanita rubescens Pers., Tent. Disp. Meth. Fung.: 67 (1797). FIG. 6

BASIDIOME 60-80 mm high. Pireus 40-85 mm diam., convex, becoming

flat; reddish to reddish white (13A2); surface covered with adnexed warts;

spotted reddish where injured. LAMELLAE 4 mm broad, white to pale reddish

(13A2), free. StrpE 70-100 x 10-25 mm, concolorous with the pileus, white;

annulus large, membranous; basal bulb, staining reddish; volva scaly, reddish

grey (7B2), sometimes leaving remnants in circles. CONTEXT white, staining

pinkish when injured. ODOR & TASTE pleasant.

BASIDIOSPORES 8-9 x 5-7 um, elliptical, thin-walled, smooth, amyloid.

Basip1a 44-47 x 8 um, cylindrical, tetrasporic.

Amanita spp. new from Tehuacan-Cuicatlan ... 939

EcoLocy—Solitary in pine-oak woods during July, widely distributed

in México from Baja California, Chihuahua, Distrito Federal, Durango,

Hidalgo, Jalisco, Michoacan, Morelos, Nuevo Leén, Oaxaca, Puebla, Sonora,

Veracruz, and Zacatecas states (Pérez-Silva & Herrera 1991). Considered

edible after discarding the first cooking water, which removes the toxic protein

rubescenslysine. Nonetheless, Amanita rubescens is not usually consumed

when parasitized by Hypomyces hyalinus.

STUDIED MATERIAL. MEXICO. Oaxaca: Cuicatlan District, San Pedro Jocotipac,

El Sétano, 11 Jul 2014, E. Pérez-Silva, A.J. Medina-Ortiz, A. Garcia-Mendoza,

F. Hernandez (MEXU 27832).

CoMMENTS—Amanita rubescens is easily recognized by its white to reddish

pileus.

Amanita vaginata (Bull.) Lam., Encycl. Méth. Bot.. 1(1): 109 (1783). Fig. 7

BASIDIOME 70 mm high. PrLEus 30 mm diam., ovoid, becoming flat with a

low umbo; brownish grey (7E2), viscid when wet, covered with membranous

white universal veil patches; margin radially striate. LAMELLAE 5 mm broad,

close, free, white to pallid (1A2). Stipe 60-70 mm long, white, with scales;

base enclosed in a sac-like volva, membranous, white. CONTEXT white. ODOR

& TASTE pleasant.

BASIDIOSPORES 10-11 um, globose, hyaline, inamyloid. Basrp1a 50-60 um,

tetrasporic. PILEIPELLIS with filamentous cuticle and abundant oleiferous

hyphae.

EcoLocy—Solitary in pine-oak woods during November; widely distributed

in México from Chihuahua, Estado de México, Hidalgo, and Oaxaca states

(Pérez-Silva & Herrera 1991). Considered edible.

STUDIED MATERIAL. MEXICO. Oaxaca: Cuicatlan District, San Pedro Jocotipac,

Ciénega de Cochino, 17 Nov 2013, A.J. Medina-Ortiz, F Medina-Ruiz, A. de la Cruz-

Martinez (MEXU 27824).

COMMENTS—Amanita vaginata contains hemolysins and may cause severe

gastrointestinal mycetism when consumed raw. Pérez-Silva & Herrera (1991)

cite several common names for this species.

Amanita verna (Bull.) Lam., Encycl. Méth. Bot. 1(1): 113 (1783). Fic. 8

BASIDIOME 100 mm high. Prreus 70-90 mm diam., hemispheric with

flattened center, becoming applanate; white (23A1) to whitish cream

(24A1), occasionally with some scales. LAMELLAE 4-5 mm broad, white

(24A1), free, edges serrate, floccose. STIPE 80-90 x 40-50 mm, cylindrical,

white, pale yellow in 10% KOH; annulus superior, membranous, fragile;

9AO ... Pérez-Silva & Medina-Ortiz

basal bulb 40-50 x 30-50 mm, covered with a persistent membranous

saccate volva. CONTEXT white. ODOR & TASTE unpleasant. EDIBILITY

poisonous.

BASIDIOSPORES 9-10 x 6-8 um, ellipsoid, thin-walled, hyaline, amyloid.

Basip1A 40-44 x 5-6 um, tetrasporic, yellowish.

EcoLtocy—Solitary in pine-oak woods during November; widely

distributed in México from Durango, Estado de México, Guanajuato,

Guerrero, Hidalgo, Michoacan, Morelos, Sonora, and Veracruz states

(Pérez-Silva & Herrera 1991); previously reported from Ixtlan belt of

Oaxaca State (Villanueva-Jiménez et al. 2006).

STUDIED MATERIAL. MEXICO. Oaxaca: Cuicatlan District, San Pedro Jocotipac,

Ciénega de Cochino, 17 Nov 2013, A.J. Medina-Ortiz, F. Medina Ruiz, A. de la Cruz

Martinez (MEXU 27825); Santa Maria Papalo, 12 Jul 2014, E. Pérez-Silva, A.J. Medina-

Ortiz, A. Garcia-Mendoza, EF Hernandez (MEXU 27834).

COMMENTS—Amanita verna is similar to A. virosa Bertill., which differs

in its positive reaction in 5% KOH and ovoid amyloid spores. Extremely

toxic, A. verna frequently causes fatalities and cyclopeptide mycetism due to

amanitins and other toxins; commonly known as “crazy fungus” (Pérez-Silva

2004; Pérez-Silva et al. 2006, 2008). Bresinsky & Besl (1990) cite the species

as mycorrhizal.

Discussion

Five of the nine Amanita species reported here are toxic, causing

cyclopeptide mycetism (A. verna), pantherina mycetism (A. pantherina),

and possibly a type of gastrointestinal mycetism when eaten raw

(A. flavoconia, A. flavorubescens, and A. vaginata). Amanita caesarea

is the only wild species with excellent cooked or raw edibility, although

A. rubescens can be safely eaten after its boiling water is discarded. The

edibility/toxicity of A. onusta remains unknown.

All nine amanitas are reported for the first time from Tehuacan-Cuicatlan

biosphere reserve, which extends their known Mexican distribution.

Acknowledgments

This article is dedicated to Dr. Teofilo Herrera, Emeritus Researcher of UNAM, for

his outstanding academic trajectory and forming mycologists in Mexico. We thank SNI

for financial support, Dr. Martin Esqueda and Dr. Gabriel Moreno for pre-submission

expert reviews, Dr. Shaun R. Pennycook for critical reading of the manuscript and

suggestions, MSc. C.E. Aguirre-Acosta for curatorial support in MEXU, and David

Esqueda for translation.

Amanita spp. new from Tehuacan-Cuicatlan ... 941

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North America. Bibliotheca Mycologica Band 57. J. Cramer, Stuttgart, Germany.

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Metzler S, Metzler V. 1992. Texas mushrooms a field guide. University of Texas. Austin. USA.

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during market days of Tlaxcala, Mexico. Micologia Aplicada Internacional 13(1): 31-40.

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Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México.

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Mexicana de Micologia 28: 81-88.

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http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/toms_fungi/mar2002.html

MY COTAXON

October-December 2017— Volume 132, pp. 943-950

https://doi.org/10.5248/132.943

Thelephora iqbalii sp. nov. from the

Himalayan moist temperate forests

of Pakistan

ABDUL NASIR KHALID’ & MUHAMMAD HANIkE”?

' Department of Botany, University of the Punjab,

Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan

? Department of Botany, GC University, Lahore, Pakistan

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: dr.mhanif@gcu.edu.pk

ABSTRACT—A new thelephoroid species, Thelephora iqbalii, collected from the Himalayan

moist temperate (HMT) forests of Pakistan, is characterized by small coralloid basidiomata

bearing long, narrow ridges with fine hairs on their branches and hymenia that are cyanescent

in KOH. An ITS-based phylogeny comparing T. iqbalii with other Thelephora species is also

presented.

Key worps—Basidiomycota, DNA, Thelephoraceae, angular lobate basidiospores

Introduction

The genus Thelephora Ehrh. ex Willd. is cosmopolitan (Corner 1968;

Stalpers 1993; Kdljalg 1996; Maas Geesteranus 1971, 1975) and represented by

52 species worldwide (Kirk et al. 2008, Ramirez-Lopez et al. 2017, Vizzini et al.

2016). Its basidiomata are distinguished by their pileate and stipitate/sessile or

sometimes resupinate forms (Ahmad 1972).

Thelephora basidiomata range in shape from coral-like to distinctly pileate

(Corner 1968). However, morphology alone is not always sufficient for

correct identification. Recent molecular analyses have contributed to a better

understanding of basidiomycete diversity (Gardes & Bruns 1993) and ITS-

nrDNA primers are widely being used for this purpose (EI Karkouri et al. 2005,

2006; Gardes & Bruns 1993; Horton 2002).

944 ... Khalid & Hanif

The Himalayan moist temperate forests (HMT) have been previously

included among 25 biodiversity hotspots in Indo-Burma (Myers et al.

2000), from which they were separated and designated as independent

among the 34 currently recognized hotspots of biodiversity (Mittermeier

et al. 2011).

Eight Thelephora species have previously been reported from Pakistan:

T. anthocephala (Bull.) Fr., T: arbuscula Corner, T: caryophyllea (Schaeff.)

Pers., T: fucoides Corner, T: palmata (Scop.) Fr., T. penicillata (Pers.) Fr.,

and T: terrestris Ehrh. (Ahmad 1956, 1972; Ahmad et al. 1997). Below we

describe a new thelephoroid species from the HMT forests of Pakistan

based on morphological and molecular evidence.

Materials & methods

TABLE 1. Thelephora rDNA sequences used in phylogenetic analyses

TAXON ACCESSION No. VOUCHER No COUNTRY

Thelephora americana AY219838.1 UAMH 9578 Canada

Thelephora anthocephala DQ974771.1 src614 USA

AF272927.1 TAA165304 Estonia

Thelephora caryophyllea GU234018.1 075453 Netherlands

AJ889980.1 TL-6566 Denmark

EU326158.1 105 Austria

EF655705.1 IB60087 Austria

Thelephora cf. penicillata EU819494.1 NAMA503 USA

Thelephora ganbajun EU696946.1 Gb279 China

Thelephora iqbalii JX241471 MH810 Pakistan

Thelephora palmata EU819443.1 JMP0085 USA

AF272919.1 TAA149550 Estonia

Thelephora aff. palmata AB509755.1 350-421 Japan

Thelephora penicillata U83484.1 LTT8, Bruns Herbarium, UCB USA

Thelephora pseudoterrestris AF272907.1 TAA159625 Estonia

AB453027.1 CU: Micro: Nan-M11 Thailand

Thelephora regularis U83485.1 OSC: JMT17371 USA

Thelephora sublilacina EF493288.1 UP161 Sweden

Thelephora terrestris HM189959.1 BB23-305-Ah-Pi-150506 (DNA64) Germany

HM189958.1 BB64-301-Oh-Pi-150506 (DNA43) Germany

Thelephoraceae sp. “Taylor #4 U83468.1 — USA

Thelephoroid sp. nw1 AF323110.1 — USA

Bold indicates sequence generated in this study; all others downloaded from GenBank.

Thelephora igbalii sp. nov. (Pakistan) ... 945

Collection and morphological analysis

During exploration of Himalayan moist temperate forests, an unidentified

Thelephora specimen associated with Abies pindrow was collected near a helipad,

in Khanspur, Abbotabad district, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. The

fresh specimen was morphologically characterized following Corner (1968), and

small portions of fresh hymenium were placed into 2% CTAB buffer and stored

at -20 °C for future molecular study. The remaining material was dried with a fan

heater overnight before storing in Ziploc bags. Basidiospores, basidia, basidioles

and sterigmata were observed in 1% KOH under a compound microscope and

measured using an ocular micrometer; drawings were made with the aid of a

camera Lucida. Dried specimens are deposited at the Herbarium of the Department

of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore (LAH).

Molecular analysis

Genomic DNA was extracted with a CTAB method (Gardes & Bruns 1993)

modified for silica emulsion binding and purified (Gene-Clean; Q-Biogene).

Polymerase chain reactions (PCR) for the ITS-nrDNA region were carried out

using the fungus-specific primers ITS1F/ITS4 following protocols described by

Gardes & Bruns (1993). PCR products were purified with QIAquick (Qiagen Inc.),

and sequenced by Macrogen (South Korea). Maximum Likelihood and Maximum

Parsimony methods generated a phylogeny comparing Thelephora iqbalii with other

thelephoroid species. A total of 22 sequences (21 downloaded from GenBank) were

used in the phylogenetic analyses (TABLE 1), and cladograms were recovered using

Mega5. Sequences were aligned with BioEdit version 7.0 (Hall 1999) and ClustalX

version 2.0 (Larkin et al. 2007) and corrected manually. All the gaps were treated

as ‘missing data. The ITS sequence generated from the holotype was deposited in

GenBank.

Results

Thelephora iqbalii Khalid & Hanif, sp. nov. FIG. 1

MycoBank MB 800830

Differs from Thelephora fucoides by its angular lobate basidiospores and from

T. penicillata by its coralloid basidiomata and its smaller basidiospores.

Type: Pakistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Abbotabad district, Khanaspur, near

helipad, 1972 m a.s.l., associated with Abies pindrow (Royle ex D. Don) Royle, solitary

to gregarious, 22.VII.2010, M. Hanif, MH810 (Holotype, LAH 20810.2; GenBank

JX241471).

ErymMo.oey: dedicated to Prof. Dr. S.H. Iqbal in honor of his contributions to the

knowledge of fungi.

BASIDIOMA 4-5 x 2-4 cm, coralloid, individual branches 1-2 mm thick,

long narrow ridges, penicillate with fine hairs on long pointed tips, tip

946 ... Khalid & Hanif

—

Fic. 1. Thelephora iqbalii sp. nov. A. Basidiocarp in situ; B. Basidiospores; C. Basidia;

D. Hymenial tissue; E. Basidioles; F. Hair-like appendages of pointed tips; G. Tramal hyphae.

Bars: A = 1 cm, B—G = 10 um.

Thelephora iqbalii sp. nov. (Pakistan) ... 947

fibers typically serrate; branches pinkish white at the tip to grayish brown at

the base. CONTEXT solid, dry.

HyYPHAL SYSTEM monomitic, multi-septate, connective hyphae 6 um

diam., skeletal hyphae 5 um diam., tramal hyphae encrusted with globose

to sub-globose crystals, cyanescent in 1% KOH. Basip1a 50-75 x 8-10 um,

cylindrical to clavate, with basal clamps, smooth, 2-4 sterigmate, hyaline,

guttulate, light blue in KOH. BasipIoLes 34-40 x 4-8 um, smooth, thin

walled, hyaline, clavate, apex obtuse, light blue in KOH. BAsrp1osPoREs

6-8.5 x 5-6.5 um, reniform, angular lobate or scarcely lobate, thick-walled

and verrucose, tuberculate ornamentation, brown in lactic acid, light blue

in KOH.

ADDITIONAL MATERIAL EXAMINED Thelephora fucoides: MALAYSIA: PAHANG,

Cameron Highlands, 06.08.1934, E.J.H. Corner (E 00192884, holotype).

Phylogenetic analysis

Thelephora_caryophyllea_AJ889980.1

Thelephora_caryophyllea_EF655705.1

35 Thelephora_caryophyllea_EU326158.1

gg} 89 Thelephora_caryophyllea_GU234018.1

62 94 Thelephora_anthocephala_DQ974771.1 terminal clade 1

96 Thelephora_anthocephala_AF272927.1

Thelephoroid_sp._nw1_AF323110.1

60 @ Thelephora_iqbalii

65 Thelephora_penicillata_U83484.1

Thelephora_regularis_U83485.1 erases

86 Thelephora_palmata_EU819443.1 terminal clade 2

86 Thelephora_palmata_AF272919.1_

Thelephora_cf._penicillata_EU819494.1

= 59 51 TRS OR Paneer ese gw aT aN! ge a

53 79 Thelephora_pseudoterrestris_AB453027.1

65) Thelephora_ganbajun_EU696946.1

Thelephora_aff._palmata_AB509755.1

Thelephoraceae_sp._Taylor_#4°_U83468.1

74 Thelephora_terrestris_HM189959.1

84 Thelephora_americana_AY219838.1 | Clade Il

Thelephora_terrestris_HM189958.1

Thelephora_sublilacina_EF493288.1 | Outgroup

Fic. 2. Cladogram representing phylogenetic analysis inferred from Maximum Parsimony

(bootstrap percentages above the lines) and Maximum Likelihood (bootstrap percentages

below the lines).

Amplification of the ITS-nrDNA region produced one sequence of 654

bp. Initial BLAST analysis showed a 91% maximum identity with Thelephora

penicillata (GenBank U83484) with 100% query coverage.

948 ... Khalid & Hanif

Percent Identity

Thelephora_pseudoterrestris_AF272907

Thelephora_regularis_U83485

Thelephora_pseudoterrestris_AB453027

Thelephora_ganbajun_EU696946

Thelephora_palmata_EU819443

Thelephora_palmata_AF272919

Thelephora_cf_penicillata_EU819494

Thelephora_iqbalii

Thelephora_aff.__palmata_AB509755

Thelephora_americana_AY219838

Thelephora_sublilacina_EF 493288

Thelephora_terrestris_HM189959

Thelephora_terrestris_HM189958

Thelephora_penicillata_U83484

Thelephoraceae_sp._Taylor_#4'_U83468

Thelephoroid_sp._nw1_AF323110

Thelephora_caryophyllea_GU234018

Thelephora_caryophyllea_AJ889980

Thelephora_caryophyllea_EU326158

Thelephora_caryophyllea_EF655705

Thelephora_anthocephala_DQ974771

Thelephora_anthocephala_AF272927

Divergence

Fic. 3. Percent genetic divergence and percent similarity for Thelephora spp.

After trimming 84 unaligned characters from the 3’ and 5’ ends of the

789-bp ITS region, 705 characters were used for final analysis, of which

360 were conserved, 301 were variable but parsimony uninformative,

172 were parsimony informative, and 133 were singletons. The phylogenetic

tree generated two major clades (Fic. 2). Thelephora iqbalii clustered with

T. penicillata within terminal clade I of clade I, and T. anthocephala and

T: caryophyllea appeared as sister species to T! iqbalii. Thelephora iqbalii and

T. penicillata shared 91.8% genetic characters/nucleotides and showed an

8.1% genetic divergence (Fic. 3). However, we should note that the clustering

of all these species in terminal clade I of clade I (Fic. 2) was not supported

by both analyses.

Discussion

Eight Thelephora species have been previously recorded from Pakistan

(Ahmad 1956, 1972). Our new species, T. igbalii, which is supported

both by morphological and ITS sequence analysis, shares the basic

morphological characters with other Thelephora species: spiny to warty

and often lobed basidiospores, drab basidiocarp coloration, and blue to

green KOH reactions (Corner 1968). Hanif (2012) reported a rich diversity

of Thelephorales in subterranean ectomycorrhizal communities in HMT

forests, and T: iqbalii is expected to exhibit a similar ectomycorrhizal

association typical of Thelephora species elsewhere in Pakistan.

In Ahmad’s (1972) key to Thelephora species in Pakistan, T: iqbalii

would fall close to T: fucoides, which differs by its echinulate basidiospore

ornamentation (Corner 1968). Morphological and phylogenetic analyses

Thelephora iqbalii sp. nov. (Pakistan) ... 949

imply a close alliance between T. penicillata and T. igqbalii. However

T. penicillata can be distinguished by its resupinate basidiomes with

prostrate to suberect branches, its smaller basidiomata with margins that

are cristate, penicillate ramose-spiculose, or fimbriate, and its slightly larger

basidiospores (Corner 1968).

Acknowledgements

We are sincerely thankful to Prof. Juliano M. Baltazar (Centro de Ciéncias da

Natureza, Campus Lagoa do Sino, Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos (UFSCar), Buri,

Sao Paulo, Brazil) and Dr. Najam-ul-Sehar Afshan, (Centre for Undergraduate Studies,

University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan) for acting as pre-submission reviewers.

We are also thankful for Dr. Stephan Helfer (Herbarium Royal Botanic Garden

Edinburgh, Scotland, UK) for sending the holotype of Thelephora fucoides for

morphological comparison.

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Pak. Nabiza printers, Lahore.

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Government College, Lahore, pp. 126.

Ahmad S. 1972. Basidiomycetes of Pakistan. Biological Society of Pakistan. Monograph 6. pp, 141.

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DFS LAV).

EI Karkouri K, Martin K Douzery E, Mousain D. 2005. Diversity of ectomycorrhizal

fungi naturally established on containerized Pinus seedlings in nursery conditions.

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Suillus collinitus strain on P. halepensis roots suggest successful inoculation and

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https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2005.00014.x

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https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.1993.tb00005.x

Hall TA. 1999. BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program

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10th edn. CAB International, U.K. pp. 12-13. https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851998268.0000

Koéljalg U. 1996. Tomentella (Basidiomycota) and related genera in the temperate Eurasia. Synopsis

Fungorum 9: 1-213.

Larkin MA, Blackshields G, Brown NP, Chenna R, McGettigan PA, McWilliam H, Valentin F,

Wallace IM, Wilm A, Lopez R, Thompson JD, Gibson TJ, Higgins DG. 2007. Clustal W and

Clustal X version 2.0. Bioinformatics, 23: 2947-2948.

https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btm404

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Maas Geesteranus RA. 1971. Hydnaceous fungi of the eastern old world. Verh. K. Ned. Akad. Wet.

II 60: 1-176.

Maas Geesteranus RA. 1975. Die terrestrichen Stachelpilze Europas. Verh. K. Ned. Akad. Wet. II

65: 1-127.

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Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20992-5_1

Myers N, Mittermeier RA, Mittermeier CG, da Fonseca GAB, Kent J. 2000. Biodiversity hotspots

for conservation priorities. Nature403: 853-858.

Ramirez-Lopez I, Villegas-Rids M, Salas-Lizana R, Garibay-Orijel R, Alvarez-Manjarrez J. 2017.

Thelephora versatilis and Thelephora pseudoversatilis: two new cryptic species with polymorphic

basidiomes inhabiting tropical deciduous and sub-perennial forests of the Mexican Pacific

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Phytotaxa 265(1): 27-38. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.265.1.2

MY COTAXON

October-December 2017— Volume 132, pp. 951-955

https://doi.org/10.5248/132.951

Three new combinations in Drepanopeziza

for species on poplar

Amy Y. RossMAN’, W. CAVAN ALLEN’,

Lisa A. CASTLEBURY* & GERARD VERKLEY?

"Department of Botany & Plant Pathology, Oregon State University,

Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA

*Mycology & Nematology Genetic Diversity & Biology Laboratory, USDA-ARS,

Beltsville, Maryland 20705, U.S.A.

>Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: amydianer@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT— Three species of Drepanopeziza that cause diseases of poplars have been known

under different scientific names for their sexual and asexual morphs, which is no longer

allowed with the change to one scientific name for fungi. For each of these species, the oldest

epithet is provided by the asexual morph; however, neither of the generic names available

for the asexual morphs can be used for these species. As a consequence new combinations

for the three species are required and can be accomplished by applying the oldest asexual

morph epithet in the genus Drepanopeziza. The following new combinations are made:

Drepanopeziza brunnea, D. castagnei, and D. populi.

Key worps—fungal nomenclature, plant pathogen, pleomorphic fungi

Introduction

Following a careful study of type and other specimens, three species of

Drepanopeziza that cause diseases of poplar were delineated by Spiers &

Hopcroft (1998), who cited separate scientific names for their sexual and

asexual morphs. Because the International Code of Nomenclature for

algae, fungi and plants (ICN, McNeill et al. 2012) requires the adoption of

one scientific name for different morphs of one fungal taxon, these sexual

and asexual names now compete for use. For these three Drepanopeziza

952 ... Rossman & al.

species—D. populi-albae, D. populorum, and D. tremulae—the asexual morphs

provide the oldest epithets. Pirozynski (1974a,b,c) presented an account of

each of these species: D. tremulae as Marssonina brunnea, D. populi-albae as

Marssonina castagnei, and D. populorum as Marssonina populi, while Spiers

(1988) included a conidia-based key to these Marssonina species. Gremmen

(1965) recognized the same three taxa in Drepanopeziza but described one of

them as a new species, D. punctiformis Gremmen 1965, apparently unaware

of the earlier synonym D. tremulae Rimpau 1962.

In determining the generic names to use for competing synonyms, Rossman

et al. (2016) recommended that Drepanopeziza (Kleb.) Jaap 1914 be used rather

than the competing generic names Gloeosporidiella Petr. 1921 or Gloeosporium

Desm. & Mont. 1849. All three of these species of Drepanopeziza on poplar

have previously been placed in the genus Marssonina; however, these species

are not congeneric with the Marssonina type species, M. potentillae (Desm.)

Magnus 1906, now recognized as Diplocarpon earlianum (Ellis & Everh.)

EA. Wolf 1924 (Johnston et al. 2014). Diplocarpon EA. Wolf 1912 is now

regarded as the correct generic name for species formerly classified in

Marssonina Magnus 1906. Some authors use the Drepanopeziza names for

these species, as determined by Spiers & Hopcroft (1998); however, the asexual

morph names provide older epithets and are used more commonly (albeit in

the asexual morph genera that are no longer available for use). Rather than

conserve the less commonly used sexual morph names, it seems least disruptive

to make new combinations in Drepanopeziza using the asexual morph names,

as proposed here.

Taxonomy

Drepanopeziza brunnea (Ellis & Everh.) Rossman & W.C. Allen, comb. nov.

MycoBank MB822026

= Gloeosporium brunneum Ellis & Everh., J. Mycol. 5: 154 (1889).

Tye: U.S.A.: New Jersey, Newfield, on leaves of Populus candicans,

Aug 1889, Ellis & Everhart in North American Fungi, second ser. 2444

(Lectotype designated here, BPI 402970, under Marssonina brunnea).

= Marssonina brunnea (Ellis & Everh.) Magnus, Hedwigia 45: 88 (1906).

= Drepanopeziza tremulae Rimpau, Phytopathol. Z. 43: 288. (1962).

Type: Switzerland, Kt. Ziirich, am Uetliberg, bei Station Uitikon-Waldegg,

on Populus tremula, 7 Mai 1961, Rimpau (holotype, ZT-Myc 57794).

= Drepanopeziza punctiformis Gremmen, Nova Hedwigia 9: 172 (1965).

Type: Batava [the Netherlands], Meppel, in foliis Populi euroamericana

‘Serotina, 9.X.1961, Gremmen (holotype, herb. Gremmen 1811).

Drepanopeziza combs. nov. on poplar ... 953

Drepanopeziza brunnea causes a leaf spot disease of Populus that occurs

worldwide in temperate regions (Callan 1998, Farr & Rossman 2017). Spiers

& Hopcroft (1998) concluded that D. tremulae provided the oldest name for

the sexual morph of which D. punctiformis is a synonym. Pirozynski (1974a)

presented a description of this species using the asexual morph name Marssonina

brunnea based on Gloeosporium brunneum. Because neither Gloeosporium nor

Marssonina can be used as a generic name for this species, the name D. brunnea

is established based on Gloeosporium brunneum.

The type of G. brunneum was issued as Ellis & Everhart, North America Fungi

second series 2444, and the specimen at BPI is designated here as the lectotype.

According to Spiers & Hopcroft (1998), “type material of D. tremulae was not

deposited by Rimpau with other specimens at ZT and therefore was probably

lost” However, the holotype specimen was later found at ZT (R. Berndt pers.

comm. 31 Jan 2017).

Drepanopeziza castagnei (Desm. & Mont.) Rossman & W.C. Allen, comb. nov.

MycoBank MB822027

= Gloeosporium castagnei Desm. & Mont., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 3, 12: 295 (1849).

TyPE: France, Aix, on Populus alba, 1852, Castagne, ex Herb. Bois, Shear Type

and Rarities Ser. 1 (Lectotype designated here, BPI barcode 797921).

= Marssonina castagnei (Desm. & Mont.) Magnus, Hedwigia 45: 88 (1906).

= Pseudopeziza populi-albae Kleb., Haupt- und Nebenfruchtform. Ascomyz. 1:

344 (1920) [“1918”]. Type: Germany, Berlin, Dahlem, Garten der Biologischen

Reichsanstalt, on leaves of Populus alba, Oct 1913, Laubert (holotype, HBG).

= Drepanopeziza populi-albae (Kleb.) Nannf., Nova Acta R.

Soc. Scient. Upsal., Ser. 4 8(2): 170 (1932).

Drepanopeziza castagnei causes a leaf disease of poplar that is widespread in

temperate regions (Callan 1998, Farr & Rossman 2017). Spiers & Hopcroft

(1998) considered Marssonina castagnei based on Gloeosporium castagnei to be

the asexual morph of D. populi-albae. Pirozynski (1974b) provided an account

of this species under the asexual morph name Marssonina castagnei. Because

neither Gloeosporium nor Marssonina can be used as a generic name for this

species, it is least disruptive to make a new combination in Drepanopeziza with

the oldest and familiar epithet castagnei.

Although Spiers (1988) mentioned that “Type and isotype material of

M. castagnei was obtained from...” BR and PC, he did not present details

of the specimens, so his work cannot be considered lectotypification of

the name G. castagnei. A specimen matching the protologue exists at BPI,

and this specimen is designated here as the lectotype. According to Stafleu

& Cowan (1976) Klebahn’s specimens are housed at B, but Robert Licking

954 ... Rossman & al.

(pers. comm.) reported that the type of Pseudopeziza populi-albae is not

found there. Rather, a specimen matching the protologue was located at

HBG.

Drepanopeziza populi (Lib.) Rossman & W.C. Allen, comb. nov.

MycoBAnk MB 822028

= Leptothyrium populi Lib., Pl. Crypt. Arduenna, fasc. 3: no. 257 (1834).

TyPE: France, on Populus, autumn (Lectotype designated here, FH).

= Marssonina populi (Lib.) Magnus, Hedwigia 45: 88 (1906).

= Trochila populorum Desm., Pl. Crypt. Nord France Ed. (2) 2, no. 451 (21 Mar 1857).

TYPE: France, on dried leaves of Populus nigra, spring, 1857, Grance,

Herb. Desmaziéres (lectotype, PC; isolectotypes, BR, BPI-bound).

= Drepanopeziza populorum (Desm.) Hohn., Ann. Mycol. 15: 332 (1917).

Drepanopeziza populi causes a leaf disease of poplar that is widespread in

temperate regions (Callan 1998, Farr & Rossman 2017). Spiers & Hopcroft

(1998) considered Marssonina populi, based on Leptothyrium populi, to be the

asexual morph of D. populorum. This fungus was described and illustrated

by Pirozynski (1974c) using the asexual morph name Marssonina populi. As

neither Gloeosporium nor Marssonina is available as a generic name for this

species, it is least disruptive to combine the well-used epithet in the appropriate

genus Drepanopeziza as D. popuili.

The name Leptothyrium populi was published in an exsiccati number that

includes a description; the title page of the fascicle carries the date 1834 (Pfister

1985) but Sayre (1969) dated it as 1837 on the basis of reviews. The type

specimen of Trochila populorum was issued as part of Desmaziéres’ exsiccati on

21 March 1857, according to Pfister (1985). This number includes a description

on the label and thus should be regarded as the original description and type

specimen. This name was also included in an article published later in March

1858 in Desmaziéres (1858), which has mistakenly been regarded as the place

of publication. A lectotype was designated by Spiers & Hopcroft (1998).

Acknowledgements

We thank curatorial staff at several herbaria for their assistance, specifically Reinhard

Berndt (ZT), Robert Licking (B), Donald Pfister (FH), and Matthias Schultz (HBG). In

addition we appreciate the thoughtful reviews of Jeffrey Stone (Oregon State University,

Corvallis) and Peter Johnston (Landcare Research, Auckland, New Zealand).

Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for

the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation

or endorsement by the United States Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal

opportunity provider and employer.

Drepanopeziza combs. nov. on poplar ... 955

Literature cited

Callan BE. 1998. Diseases of Populus in British Columbia: a diagnostic manual. Natural Resources

Canada, Canadian Forest Service.

Desmaziéres JBHJ. 1858 [“1857”]. Vingt-quatriéme notice sur les plantes cryptogames

récemment découvertes (suite). Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France 4(9): 858-863.

https://doi.org/10.1080/00378941.1857.10829049

Farr DE, Rossman AY. 2017. U.S. National Fungus Collections Databases, retrieved 20 Jan 2017,

from https://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases

Gremmen J. 1965. Three poplar-inhabiting Drepanopeziza species and their life-history. Nova

Hedwigia 9: 170-176.

Johnston PR, Seifert KA, Stone JK, Rossman AY, Marvanova L. 2014. Recommendations on

generic names competing for use in Leotiomycetes (Ascomycota). IMA Fungus 5: 91-120.

https://doi.org/10.5598/imafungus.2014.05.01.11

McNeill J, Barrie FE Buck WR, Demoulin V, Greuter W, et al. (eds). 2012. International Code of

Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Melbourne Code). [Regnum Vegetabile no. 154.]

K6nigstein: Koeltz Scientific Books.

Pirozynski KA. 1974a. Marssonina brunnea. Fungi Canadenses 13. 2 p.

Pirozynski KA. 1974b. Marssonina castagnei. Fungi Canadenses 14. 2 p.

Pirozynski KA. 1974c. Marssonina populi. Fungi Canadenses 15. 2 p.

Pfister DH. 1985. A bibliographic account of exsiccatae containing fungi. Mycotaxon 23: 1-139.

Rossman AY, Allen WC, Braun U, Castlebury LA, Chaverri P, et al. 2016. Overlooked competing

asexual and sexually typified generic names of Ascomycota with recommendations for their

use or protection. IMA Fungus 7: 289-308. https://doi.org/10.5598/imafungus.2016.07.02.09

Sayre G. 1969. Cryptogamae exsiccatae--an annotated bibliography of published exsiccatae of

algae, lichenes, hepaticae, and musci. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 19. 174 p.

Spiers AG. 1988. Comparative studies of type and herbarium specimens of Marssonina

species pathogenic to poplars. European Journal of Forest Pathology 18: 140-156.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0329.1988.tb00912.x

Spiers AG, Hopcroft DH. 1998. Morphology of Drepanopeziza species pathogenic to poplars.

Mycological Research 102: 1025-1037. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0953756297005972

Stafleu FA, Cowan RS. 1976. Taxonomic literature. A selective guide to botanical publications and

collections with dates, commentaries and types. Vol. 1. Bohn, Scheltema and Holkema.

MY COTAXON

October-December 2017— Volume 132, pp. 957-969

https://doi.org/10.5248/132.957

Key to the lichen families Pyrenulaceae and Trypetheliaceae in

Vietnam, with eight new records

SANTOSH JOSHI’, D. K. UPRETI’ & JAE-SEOUN HuR**

'Lichenology Laboratory, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute,

Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow (UP)-226001, India

?Korean Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University, Suncheon-540 950, Korea

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: jshur1@sunchon.ac.kr

AssTRACT—An identification key is presented for the members of the lichen families

Pyrenulaceae and Trypetheliaceae in Vietnam. Eight pyrenocarpous species (in

Anthracothecium, Astrothelium, Lithothelium, and Pyrenula) collected from Nam Cat Tien

National Park, are new records for Vietnam. Taxonomic characters of the species are given

along with ecology, distribution, and illustrations.

Key worps—Bathelium, Nigrovothelium, taxonomy, Trypethelium

Introduction

Pyrenocarpous lichens in the tropics belong mainly to the families

Porinaceae, Pyrenulaceae, Strigulaceae, and Trypetheliaceae and are among the

major constituents of epiphytic lichen communities in primary rain forests

(Aptroot 2009). Although little remains of Vietnam's primary forests, the

protected areas, reserve forests, and national parks still conserve significant

stretches of old-growth rain forests, particularly in the southern part of the

country. The present inventory is the result of ongoing research conducted in

Nam Cat Tien National Park situated in southern Vietnam and provides new

records of eight pyrenocarpous lichens in Trypetheliaceae and Pyrenulaceae for

Vietnam. Both families have been the focus of increasing global interest in recent

years. Currently, 234 species in 11 genera are accepted in Pyrenulaceae, and 418

species in 15 genera in Trypetheliaceae (Aptroot 2012, Aptroot & Licking 2016,

Licking et al. 2016). From Vietnam 24 species of Pyrenulaceae have been

958 ... Joshi, Upreti & Hur

recorded: Anthracothecium macrosporum (Hepp) Mill. Arg., A. prasinum

(Eschw.) R.C. Harris; Pyrenula aggregata (Fée) Fée, P. anomala (Ach.) Vain.,

P. aspistea (Ach.) Ach., P. balia (Kremp.) R.C. Harris, P breutelii (Mull. Arg.)

Aptroot, P brunnea Fée, P. duplicans (Nyl.) Aptroot, P fetivica (Kremp.) Mill.

Arg., P. mamillana (Ach.) Trevis., P. massariospora (Starback) R.C. Harris,

P. microcarpa Mull. Arg., P. nitidella (Schaer.) Mull. Arg., P nitidula (Bres.)

R.C. Harris, P. ochraceoflava (Nyl.) R.C. Harris, P. parvinuclea (Meyen &

Flot.) Aptroot, P pyrenuloides (Mont.) R.C. Harris, P quassiicola (Fée) Fée,

P. scutata (Stirt.) Zahlbr., P sexlocularis (Nyl.) Mill. Arg., P subglabrata

(Nyl.) Mull. Arg., P sublaevigata (Patw. & Makhija) Upreti, P thelemorpha

Tuck.—while 16 species have been recorded in Trypetheliaceae: Astrothelium

aeneum (Eschw.) Aptroot & Liicking, A. cinnamomeum (Eschw.) Mull. Arg.,

A. clypeatum Aptroot & Gueidan, A. megaspermum (Mont.) Aptroot & Licking,

A. nitidiusculum (Nyl.) Aptroot & Licking, A. phlyctaena (Fée) Aptroot &

Licking [= Trypethelium ochroleucum (Eschw.) Nyl.], A. porosum (Ach.)

Aptroot & Liicking, A. variolosum (Ach.) Mull. Arg.; Bathelium albidoporum

(Makhija & Patw.) R.C. Harris, B. lineare (C.W. Dodge) R.C. Harris,

B. porinosporum Licking et al.; Nigrovothelium tropicum (Ach.) Licking et al.;

Trypethelium eluteriae Spreng., T. epileucodes Nyl., T. infraeluteriae Aptroot

& Gueidan, T. krempelhuberi Makhija & Patw. (Aptroot & Sparrius 2006,

Aptroot 2012, Aptroot et al. 2016, Liicking et al. 2016).

In addition to some previously reported species, we examined some

interesting pyrenocarpous lichens that we report here as new Vietnamese

records: Anthracothecium interlatens, Astrothelium galligenum,

A. inspersogalbineum, A. subaequans, Lithothelium obtectum, Pyrenula

circumfiniens, P. laetior, and P. mastophora. An artificial key to all known

species in Vietnam representing Pyrenulaceae and Trypetheliaceae is also

presented.

Materials & methods

The Vietnamese material was collected by Dr. J.-S. Hur and J.J. Woo in December

2015 from the lowland areas in southern Vietnam having warm and humid preserved

forests with a sub-oceanic climate. The material was deposited in the lichen herbarium

of the Korean Lichen Research Institute, Suncheon, South Korea (KoLRI), and studied

in the Lichenology laboratory of CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow,

India. The morphological characters were identified and measured using a MSZ-TR

dissecting microscope and a Leica DM 500 compound microscope. Standard protocols

were followed to analyse chemistry (Orange et al. 2010). Amyloidity (I+ or I-) of

internal structures was tested using Lugol's solution. Images were taken using a Zeiss

Axiocam ERc5s and Al(AX10) microscope. The key includes some characters that

Pyrenulaceae & Trypetheliaceae in Vietnam ... 959

were not apparent in our specimens but were derived mainly from Upreti (1991, 1998),

Aptroot et al. (2008), Aptroot (2012), and Aptroot & Liicking (2016).

Taxonomy

Anthracothecium interlatens (Nyl.) Aptroot, Lichenologist 44: 35, 2012. PL. 1A

Thallus epi- to endoperidermal, pale green to fawn, corticate, continuous,

matt to slightly glossy, reflecting bark texture, delimited by blackish prothallus,

100-120 um thick; cortex 50-60 um thick; photobiont trentepohlioid, layer

distinct, <50 um thick; medulla not apparent; perithecia semi-immersed to

emergent, black, scattered to aggregate with shared ostiole, 0.5-0.7 mm in

diam.; perithecial wall complete, carbonized, 45-80 um thick; ostiole apical,

0.071-0.1 mm in diam; hamathecium hyaline, clear, with unbranched filaments;

asci 2-spored, 200-230 x 45-52 um, I-; ascospores mostly hyaline to grayish at

maturity, oblong to slightly curved, muriform, 100-132 x 32-42 um, I-.

CHEMISTRY—No lichen substances present.

DISTRIBUTION & ECOLOGY—Pantropical (Aptroot 2012). In Vietnam, the

species was found growing in association with Ocellularia spp. in irregular

patches on uneven bark surfaces.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: VIETNAM. DonG Nat PRovINCcE: Tan Phu district, Cat

Tien National Park, forest red soil area, 11°24’20”N 107°17'19’E, alt. 256 m, on bark,

17 December 2015, Hur & Woo VN150006 (KoLRI).

REMARKS—Anthracothecium gregale (C. Knight) Aptroot is morphologically

close but produces 6-8-spored asci (Aptroot 2012). Only a small amount of

A. interlatens was collected in only a small amount from the national park, but

the Vietnamese specimen was easily identifiable.

Astrothelium galligenum (Aptroot) Aptroot & Licking,

Lichenologist 48: 861, 2016. PL. 1B

Thallus epiperidermal, pale greenish gray to greenish gray, smooth,

continuous, glossy, delimited by blackish prothallus, <180 um thick; cortex

distinct, continuous, 50-60 um thick; photobiont trentepohlioid, layer distinct,

continuous, 40-50 um thick; medulla white crystalline, reaching <70 um;

ascomata immersed to slightly emergent, trypethelioid, scattered, solitary to

slightly confluent, 0.2-0.3 mm in diam., pseudostromatic; pseudostromata

off-white, irregular in shape; ostiole apical, black, 0.01-0.03 mm in diam.;

perithecial wall complete, carbonized, 90-100 um thick hamathecium hyaline,

inspersed with oil droplets, with anastomosing filaments; asci 8-spored, 140-

170 x 20-30 um, I-; ascospores uni- to biseriate, fusiform, hyaline, transversely

7-8-septate with diamond shaped lumina, 40-47 x 10-12 um, I-.

960 ... Joshi, Upreti & Hur

CHEMISTRY— thallus and ascomata UV-, hamathecium oil droplets

K+ purple; anthraquinone present.

DISTRIBUTION & ECOLOGY—Eastern Palaeotropics (Aptroot & Liicking

2016). This species is apparently rare in the national park, where it was

growing in association with Bathelium mastoideum and Sarcographa spp.

on trees with somewhat undulating thick smooth bark.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: VIETNAM. Dong Nal PROVINCE: Tan Phu district, Nam Cat

Tien National Park, in forest red soil area, 11°23’49”N 107°17’38’E, alt. 206 m, on bark,

17 December 2015, Hur & Woo VN150125 (KoLRI).

REMARKS—Astrothelium ubianense (Vain.) Aptroot & Licking is similar,

but has a clear hamathecium and lacks anthraquinone (Aptroot & Licking

2016).

Astrothelium inspersogalbineum Aptroot & Weerakoon,

Lichenologist 48: 618, 2016. PIE AC

Thallus epiperidermal, greenish gray to yellowish green, smooth,

continuous, glossy, delimited by blackish prothallus, 100-150 um thick;

cortex distinct, 30-40 um thick photobiont trentepohlioid, layer distinct,

continuous, 50-60 um thick; medulla endoperidermal; ascomata emergent,

trypethelioid, scattered, solitary to slightly aggregate then open by a

common ostiole, mostly covered by thallus, 0.6-0.7 mm in diam.; ostiole

apical to slightly eccentric, black, 0.08-0.1 mm in diam.; perithecial wall

complete, carbonized, 100-150 um thick laterally, reaching <350 um basally;

hamathecium hyaline, inspersed with oil droplets, with anastomosing

filaments, placed deep into the ascomata; asci 8-spored, 40-50 x 10-12 um,

I-; ascospores mostly uniseriate, fusiform, hyaline, transversely 3-septate

with diamond shaped lumina, 20-22 x 7-9 um, I-.

CHEMISTRY—Thallus and ascomata UV+ yellow, K+ _ purple;

lichexanthone and anthraquinone present.

DISTRIBUTION & ECOLOGY—This is only the second report of this taxon,

originally described from Singapore (Aptroot et al. 2016). In Vietnam, it

was growing luxuriantly in association with Bathelium mastoideum on

thick smooth-barked trees.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: VIETNAM. Dona Nal PROVINCE: Tan Phu district, Nam Cat

Tien National Park, in forest red soil area, 11°23’36”N 107°17'56”E, alt. 181 m, on bark,

17 December 2015, Hur & Woo VN150126 (KoLRI).

REMARKS— This species is close to Astrothelium macrocarpum (Fée) Aptroot

& Liicking, which differs in its clear hymenium and pseudostromatic

ascomata (Aptroot 2012). Our Vietnamese A. inspersogalbineum specimen,

Pyrenulaceae & Trypetheliaceae in Vietnam ... 961

with a K+ purplish thallus, differs slightly from the K— holotype (Aptroot

& Liicking 2016).

Astrothelium subaequans Mill. Arg., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 6: 383, 1885. PL. 1D

Thallus epiperidermal, olive green, bullate, uneven, hard, continuous, dull

to + glossy, delimited by blackish prothallus, 200-300 um thick, photobiont

trentepohlioid, layer distinct, continuous, 40-50 um thick; medulla white,

crystalline, 200-350 um thick; ascomata astrothelioid, scattered, solitary to

aggregate and pseudostromatic, covered by thallus, surrounded by yellow-

orange pigments, 0.7-1 mm in diam.; ostiole slightly eccentric, black,

0.5-0.1 mm in diam.; perithecial wall complete, carbonized, laterally

100-130 um thick and basally reaching <600 um, separated from the thallus

by a slit; hamathecium hyaline, clear with anastomosing filaments, placed

deep into the ascomata; asci 8-spored, 145-155 x 40-47 um, I-; ascospores

biseriate, oval, hyaline, muriform, 60-65 x 18-21 um, [-.

CHEMISTRY— Thallus UV-, ascomata UV+ reddish, pigment K+ purple;

anthraquinone present.

DISTRIBUTION & ECOLOGY—Previously known from the Neotropics

(Aptroot 2016). In Vietnam, the species was growing richly in large patches

on trees with thick and hard bark.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: VIETNAM. Dong NaI PROVINCE: Tan Phu district, Nam Cat

Tien National Park, in forest red soil area, 11°24’20”N 107°17'19”E, alt. 256 m, on bark,

17 December 2015, Hur & Woo VN150054 (KoLRI).

REMARKS—This species is close to Astrothelium praetervisum (Mull. Arg.)

Aptroot & Liicking, which differs in producing pseudostromatic ascomata

(Aptroot & Licking 2016). Our Vietnamese A. subaequans specimen is

characterized by distinctly muriform ascospores that differ slightly from

the submuriform ascospores described by Aptroot & Liticking (2016).

Lithothelium obtectum (Mill. Arg.) Aptroot,

Biblioth. Lichenol. 44: 62, 1991. PL. 1E

Thallus epiperidermal, grayish green, corticate, continuous, dull to

slightly glossy, delimited by black prothallus, <100 um thick; cortex 20-30

um thick; photobiont trentepohlioid, layer 40-50 um thick; medulla not

apparent; perithecia emergent, black, irregularly in shape to shortly elongate,

numerous, solitary to aggregated in groups of 2-3 joint together with fused

ostiole, 0.2-0.7 mm long; ostiole eccentric to laterally placed, 0.05-0.1 mm in

diam.; perithecial wall complete, carbonized, 90-100 um thick; hamathecium

hyaline, clear, with unbranched filaments; asci 8-spored, 60-90 x 8-12 um,

962 ... Joshi, Upreti & Hur

I-; ascospores uniseriate, fusiform, hyaline, transversely 3-septate, 10-15 x

3-4 um, I-.

CHEMISTRY—No lichen substances present.

DISTRIBUTION & ECOLOGY—Pantropical (Aptroot et al. 2008). In Vietnam,

the species was collected from hard, rather rough-barked trees, where it was

growing luxuriantly with crustose lichen taxa, probably Graphidaceae.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: VIETNAM. Dong NAI PROVINCE: Tan Phu district, Nam Cat

Tien National Park, near Crocodile lake, 11°27’25”N 107°21’4’E, alt. 156 m, on bark, 19

December 2015, Hur & Woo VN150400, VN150402 (KoLRI).

REMARKS— The examined specimen differs from the type of Sagedia obtecta

Mill. Arg. (especially in thallus formation and number of fused ascomata).

It is possible that the ecorticate thin thallus and solitary ascomata describing

the type are features taken from a damaged specimen with an eroded thallus.

Lithothelium decumbens (Mull. Arg.) Aptroot is close to L. obtectum but differs

in producing brown ascospores (Aptroot 2012).

Pyrenula circumfiniens Vain.,

Ann. Acad. Sci. Fenn., Ser. A, 6(7): 195, 1915. PL. 1F

Thallus epiperidermal, olive green to dark green, corticate, continuous,

glossy, delimited by black prothallus, 100-150 um thick; cortex 40-60 um

thick; photobiont trentepohlioid, layer 50-70 um thick; medulla not apparent;

perithecia semi-immersed, black, numerous, solitary to sometimes aggregated

in 2-3 groups, 0.3-0.5 mm in diam.; ostiole eccentric to laterally placed

in different directions, 0.01-0.2 mm in diam.; perithecial wall complete,

carbonized, 90-100 um thick; hamathecium hyaline, clear, with unbranched

filaments; asci 8-spored, 60-90 x 8-12 um, I-; ascospores uniseriate, fusiform,

gray brown, transversely 3-septate, terminal lumina directly against the

exospores wall, 13-18 x 4-6 um, I-.

CHEMISTRY—No lichen substances present.

DISTRIBUTION & ECOLOGY—Pantropical (Aptroot 2012). In Vietnam,

Pyrenula circumfiniens was flourishing well around trees having wide girth.

The species was spread largely in irregular patches and intermingled marginally

with other pyrenocarpous lichens.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: VIETNAM. Dong Nal PROVINCE: Tan Phu district, Nam Cat

Tien National Park, near rock stream, 11°26’39”N 107°24’22’E, alt. 160 m on bark,

18 December 2015, Hur & Woo VN150250 (KoLRI).

REMARKS— The ascospore sizes in our sample are somewhat close to those in

Pyrenula elliptica Mill. Arg., which is distinguished by its slightly larger (15-18 x

6-8 um) ascospores and distribution restricted to the Neotropics (Aptroot 2012).

Pyrenulaceae & Trypetheliaceae in Vietnam ... 963

Pyrenula laetior Mill. Arg., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 6: 413, 1885. PL. 1G

Thallus epi- to endoperidermal, brownish green to reddish brown, corticate,

continuous, + dull, delimited by black prothallus, <100 um thick; cortex 20-25

um thick; photobiont trentepohlioid, layer <30 um thick; medulla indistinct,

mostly endoperidermal; perithecia semi-emergent, black, numerous, simple

to aggregate, 0.2-0.3 mm in diam.; ostiole apical, 0.05-0.07 mm in diam.;

perithecial wall complete, carbonized, 50-80 um thick; hamathecium hyaline,

inspersed with oil droplets, with unbranched filaments; asci 8-spored,

40-60 x 8-6 um, I-; ascospores uniseriate, fusiform, gray brown, transversely

3-septate, terminal lumina separated from the exospore wall by endospore

thickening,13-15 x 4-6 um, I-.

CHEMISTRY—No lichen substances present.

DISTRIBUTION & ECOLOGY—Previously known from the Neotropics

(Aptroot 2012). In Vietnam, the species is found on thin papery bark flaking

away from tree trunks.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: VIETNAM. DonG NaI PROVINCE: Tan Phu district, Cat Tien

National Park, forest red soil area, 11°24’23”N 107°17’40’E, alt. 288 m, on bark, 17

December 2015, Hur & Woo VN150083 (KoLRI).

ReMARKS—Pyrenula subglabrata, previously reported from Vietnam, is

morphologically similar to P laetior but can be distinguished by its longer

(18-20 um) ascospores (Aptroot 2012). Our material, which produces very

short (<15 um) ascospores fits well within the range of the new world Pyrenula

laetior.

Pyrenula mastophora (Nyl.) Mill. Arg., Flora 66: 426, 1883. PL. 1H

Thallus epiperidermal, green to grayish green, corticate, continuous,

smooth, delimited by a black prothallus, <150 um thick; cortex 35-40 um

thick; photobiont trentepohlioid, layer <45 um thick; medulla indistinct;

perithecia semi-immersed to semi-emergent, initially covered by thallus, black,

numerous, scattered, 0.5-0.8 mm in diam.; ostiole apical, indistinct to 0.5 mm

in diam.; perithecial wall complete, carbonized, 60-90 um thick; hamathecium

hyaline, clear, with unbranched filaments; asci 8-spored, 150-160 x 20-26 um,

I-; ascospores mostly uniseriate, fusiform, gray brown, transversely 3-septate,

terminal lumina separated from the exospore wall by endospore thickening,

28-32 x 11-13 um, I-.

CHEMISTRY—No lichen substances present.

DISTRIBUTION & ECOLOGY—Pantropical (Aptroot 2012). The Vietnamese

specimen broadly colonized on trees with thick smooth bark.

964 ... Joshi, Upreti & Hur

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: VIETNAM. Donec Nal PROVINCE: Tan Phu district,

Nam Cat Tien National Park, near rock stream, 11°26’35”N 107°24’19’E, alt.

150 m on bark, 18 December 2015, Hur & Woo VN150216 (KoLRI).

REMARKS—Pyrenula quassiicola is similar but is distinguished from

P. mastophora by its partly immersed perithecia and thallus producing

pseudocyphellae (Aptroot 2012).

Key to species in Pyrenulaceae and Trypetheliaceae

recorded from Vietnam

DUASCOSPOLES YAH Sle oleae eect ec teeh peste hor See i RPE gr REED er AES pr SESE dls Z

fh iXscosporespiemented .. . Mince: Siw «Mews 2 Wenis« Wows Whwioe VEcwnia ey Seema 2 peer Al 21

2, Ascospores. transversélyseptgtel. ose. 4c 52sec eeu y ene yas syne sy aae he aee ey ae 3

De ASCOSPOLESATUTIOBIN ter x15 (5p eect ee nate ete cee E). ieee eect Ep stce ekjestee Epes 19

3. Ascospore lumina rectangular to oval at maturity .....................0.0008. 4

3.Ascospore lumina diamond-shaped wij. Sele olie linea deg fis: siguat hy idea hos asd gs slide pee 10

4. Ascospores 3-septate, 10-15 x 3-4 um; ostiole lateral ...... Lithothelium obtectum

4, Ascospores:>3-septatexostiole:apical ... 2s .45 ees yin d ewe 2 ving 04 bina 0 Fe ee ee et 5

5, Ascomata solitary: to irregularly-confluent. «ix <4. 5 twas eee tee ee 6

Sv ASCOMAtA-WSCMUOSLLONIALIC Monat oh nal estan etc etna Aenea et A Med te 7

6. Ostiole usually white pruinose; ascospores transversely 5—7-septate,

Dis ASO GeO NTIS as Sa ays, sudled su Bhs epee peed a atasey dime es sea Bathelium albidoporum

6. Ostiole non-pruinose; ascospores transversely 3-5-septate,

ZOE BEI G ss (TDER gs saat a ak Fate Sad s sap So’ Ene asks geese cet Bathelium porinosporum

7. Pseudostromata lacking anthraquinone (all white with small dark ostiole spots;

ascospores 5-13-septate, 30-60 x 5-13 um) ........... Trypethelium epileucodes

AP seucostrotata witht antnnaquinvOnes 4825 ot, a's ek bts eae PE ah ed otek 8

8. Ostiolar area broad, disc shaped with margins producing

black papillae arranged in circular shapes

(ascospores 13-15-septate, 59-72 x 13-15 um) .... Trypethelium krempelhuberi

8. Ostiolat-area harrow, visibleas:small dots? ww o5 aisha sob a wh eek ee aot 9

9. Pseudostromata immersed to erumpent;

ascospores 7-9-septate, 37-42 x 9-llum......... Trypethelium infraeluteriae

9. Pseudostromata prominent to sessile;

ascospores 9-13-septate, 37-52 x 8-llum............ Trypethelium eluteriae

PLATE. 1. Specimens of pyrenocarpous lichens from Vietnam. A. Anthracothecium interlatens

(KoLRI VN150006); B. Astrothelium galligenum (KoLRI VN150125); C. A. inspersogalbineum

(KoLRI VN150126); D. A. subaequans (KoLRI VN150054); E. Lithothelium obtectum (KoLRI

VN150400); E Pyrenula circumfiniens (KoLRI VN150250); G. P. laetior (KoLRI VN150083);

H. P mastophora (KoLRI VN150216). Scale bars: 1 mm.

Pyrenulaceae & Trypetheliaceae in Vietnam ... 965

966 ... Joshi, Upreti & Hur

10.

11.

ile

12.

13.

Ns 8

14.

BS;

15.

16.

| Ws

17.

18.

19;

13:

20.

i=)

—_—_ —_—

Ascospores 7-8-septate (40-47 x 10-12 um) .......... Astrothelium galligenum

PRS COSPOTESOASCPLALE 25 2 screens acer eae te eto Pt Pe fs coh SEs tt AR 1!

Hamathecium inspersed with oil droplets ......... 0... cece ee eee eee eee 12

PianratHeeniin cleats 08 tes Ae henge sets A eRe Se RAL Re Rs vel RS lt ReS cits 14

. Ostiole lateral (ascospores 20-22 x 7-9 um;

anthraquinone and lichexanthone present) .... Astrothelium inspersogalbineum

CS TEOLE AACA nar ox sole Paget ap te Bek rs PG eng cae Pema Peer poe ee EER 13

Ascomata solitary; ascospores 17-27 x 7-10 um;

anthraquinone and lichexanthone both absent ........ Astrothelium clypeatum

Ascomata diffusely pseudostromatic; ascospores 17-27 x 7-10 um;

anthraquinone present, lichexanthone absent .......... Astrothelium porosum

Ostioleapicale, 450d hs nset eck sitet dst leads ap seg bos onus mbes a b-eed ables b-eleee | 15

MSO Le Patel Ae a. Acts eo. ete p-cetelee-tictetine- aeine nak cath gti gay cach on eae bg SOEs eg AOE 18

Ascomata distinctly pseudostromatic (ascospores 15-27 x 7-10 um;

anthraquinone absent, lichexanthone present) ....... Astrothelium phlyctaena

Ascomata solitary to irregularly confluent or diffusely pseudostromatic ....... 16

Ascomata solitary to diffusely pseudostromatic; anthraquinone present,

lichexanthone absent (ascospores 20-27 x 7-10 um)..... Astrothelium aeneum

Ascomata solitary to irregularly confluent or crowded; anthraquinone and

Hehe xanthone Doth -abSene 40-8 k eee tinh ake mn hod enw Balegenn Souk ea Roky Pade ete Bore 17

Ascomata sessile, fully exposed, barrel-shaped, black;

ascospores 20-25 x 7-10 UM... 0... eee ee eee eee Nigrovothelium tropicum

Ascomata erumpent with broad white area surrounding the ostiole

or entirely white; ascospores 15-27 x 7-10 um..... Astrothelium nitidiusculum

Ascospores 20-26 x 7-9 um;

lichexanthone present, anthraquinone absent ........ Astrothelium variolosum

Ascospores 23-30 x 6-10 um;

lichexanthone absent, anthraquinone present ..... Astrothelium cinnamomeum

Ascospore lumina rectangular to oval at maturity

(1OQ=12. ool SASTRY osx cce aih yest wite'y eee een oa nate alloy Bathelium lineare

AScospore luimmiinaiamand=shaped! 245 eenp5e 0 donceps8s-vuonst4he pany the eaggtdhins jqate ators yates 20

Ostiole apical; hamathecium inspersed with oil droplets; ascospores mostly 4/ascus,

140-220 x 30-75 um; anthraquinone absent ....... Astrothelium megaspermum

. Ostiole lateral; hamathecium clear; ascospores 8/ascus,

60-65 x 18-21 um; anthraquinone present .......... Astrothelium subaequans

. Ascospores transversely séptatew, .a5 + aces een eye k eoayee 4 elas ele 4 Sings oe lig 22

WING COSPOLE SIU TILOLITE wa. aak ete aceath et aca e te wee tD. cee ge fe ieee EPs ence. se Ee se ge Leste EE 39

. Ostiole lateral, pointing in different directions

(ascospores 3-septate, 13-18 x 4-6 um)............... Pyrenula circumfiniens

1B See) coe) 6 (cre Leis Si ees, ger CORR rig Rrra SI Gn, AAO, Ont UR A ORR, A rt TERE ADEA 23

23,

24.

pep

25;

26.

28.

29,

30.

—_ —

32.

Dos

AS}

34.

35.

oa.

36.

ats

38.

39,

Pyrenulaceae & Trypetheliaceae in Vietnam ... 967

Ascospores 4-7-septate, with orange oil at maturity

(24-32 x 10-15 um; thallus pseudocyphellate) .......... Pyrenula sexlocularis

EASCOSPOLES SSS CP UAC Ce 8 rr ene Perec cle eeenah oO sare 2 sagt er tensa A cat tenant! Scat 24

Ascomata mostly aggregate with fused walls but with separate ostioles

(pseudostromatic) (ascospores 15-20 x 6-8 um) ........... Pyrenula anomala

AScommata-TNOStLy SIE aca 4 ee 8's cpt beh Stes eto ee Reo Bt oe Ltt lo 25

Thallus ecorticate (whitish; ascospores 17-25 x 7-11 um) .. Pyrenula microcarpa

Dallas CQrtica tes sat te aB dM nal PRs seal PS ent Peden at staal Pee, Re ella 2, «dig 26

Terminal lumina directly against the exospore ............ 0.0... e eee eee eee 27

Terminal lumina separated from exospore by thickened endospore wall........ 28

Hamathecium inspersed with oil droplets;

ascospores 16-24 x 8-13 UM ..... eee eee eee ee Pyrenula fetivica

Hamathecium clear; ascospores 17-22 x 9-12 um ............ Pyrenula nitidula

Hamathecium inspersed with oil droplets ........ 2... cece eee eee eee eee 29

Famiatheciiincleate... AA ht eter ell rk, all ork will ark tal ark ealt tak gat a cial at 32

ASconiata-S0. 741M, Wy CISA. Lae ee Rabie ake Sader Baden alee Dall beta arte 30

Aseomatas@.7minPidiay, 5 2 i Fes 4 Rt on Sy oy ee Ee ee elas Rene Pains 31

Ascospores 13-15% 4=6, UM +2. lexi ese ns eae wis wings sees x Pyrenula laetior

ASCOSPOTES G22 Be Voi days cg hae neg f fel een fee es Pyrenula subglabrata

JAscospores 15220 KA 9575 (ID, hi ali aan vial aa posh ahs whe Pyrenula mamillana

PASCOSPOLES S225. OF) WY. hance Bore Paks a Pol oe Pokese Pyrenula massariospora

AsScospores anostlyee2S wind LONG: 10a cw Wea oe weer eae yan nee age ae. 33

Ascospores. mostly <25.utw longs 25 .e ces edee a ebae 5 eegt yeh a vlan Bs eyed ving 34

Thallus pseudocyphellate; ascomata immersed ............. Pyrenula quassiicola

Thallus lacking pseudocyphellae; ascomata emergent ...... Pyrenula mastophora

Ascospores mostly 21-25 um long (ascomata <0.5 mm diam.) ... Pyrenula nitidella

ASCOSDONES 21 DM IONG or a heuste at Melo hehe one Aeon Macatee ane Ate cake ons 35

AS COSMOFES OST AUS: Ma LST og, Shin anche nstca sh vondsalt- nonstate wench pendteade wom 36

ASCOSPOTES DIOS SU SAT LOIN Se on «ia ts > fb He or a bes rca He Pes a MG bra ty begs bk: Sng he! 37

ASCOSpores ASG WIE sh souls oud fn eur swe smaols abou sn De Pyrenula aspistea

Ascospores 6=8 ttt Wide «4... ne nce s cone ee ctewe water asinns Pyrenula brunnea

Ascomata 0.4-0.7 mm in diam. ............... 2c eee eee ee Pyrenula aggregata

AS COMM ALA cee HD PAMELA Yep act: Or ne A non tbaugi tte Nart eget aedingise OE eeeeae eee os 38

Lumina round, ascospores 18-22 x 6-9 UM ......... ee eee eee Pyrenula scutata

Lumina angular, ascospores 19-22 x 7-8um ..............0006. Pyrenula balia

Ascomata mostly aggregated with shared ostiole (astrothelioid)

(ascospores 100-132 x 32-42 um) .............. Anthracothecium interlatens

AS COMMALAAIIOSUY CCUG O Png ucccehacd net Pn ounase dS nonca dst blest Mt tafe peop Se yee 40

968 ... Joshi, Upreti & Hur

40. Ascospones <200 tin lone 92.8, ot 45, oI AS aah tae ta as hee 4]

AO SASCOSPOTes STOO Mie ONS rt oe nsssasetots eae e nee Mimo kate easter Banjos 8 Me 47

41. Thallus and ascomata with orange-yellow anthraquinone

fascospores.12-25.« 8-131) 6 ello la atin as Pyrenula ochraceoflava

41. Thallus and ascomata lacking anthraquinone ................ 0... c ee eee eae 42

42. Ascospores 12-23 x 8-12 UM... .. eee eee ee eee eee Pyrenula parvinuclea

AZ IASCOSDOLCS ZOU WINS hee a nat Pa pun PparaeeSe Paes SP Geaeee FP eee Pca AES ne «Ep ag 43

43. Mature ascospores filled with orange oil (38-50 x 15-20 um) ... .Pyrenula breutelii

43. Mature-ascospores lackins-orange oil... Poi le lp stgee fa sige bp sigea by digiat wratha S prs 44

44, Hamathecium inspersed with oil droplets

(ascospores 30-45 um long) ............. 0. eee eee eee Pyrenula sublaevigata

HAS Tlatiatlveca unin, Cleats ¢ Csr 5 Aer. eet shane one SAM wna AM ana MA one eae OE are a 45

45. Ascospores 60-90 x 30-40 Um... eee eee ee ee eee Anthracothecium prasinum

Ay GCOS POLES So PMI! MOTB ws apa ne ern ha Ws m0 hts be Fos ya ts Preys He Fraga Ms bella th reese He eed abe | 46

46. Ascospores 33-45 x 11-16 UM... 2. eee eee ee eee Pyrenula thelemorpha

46. Ascospores 45-65 xX 15-25 UM... eee ee ee eee ee Pyrenula pyrenuloides

47. Thallus pseudocyphellate; ascospores 2 per ascus,

THEO 1S0 9 3045 ih th ee ee ela tars lh es Pyrenula duplicans

47. Thallus non-pseudocyphellate; ascospores 1-4 per ascus,

ZO S160 Se SOLAS Hite 14 et tern eae ee Anthracothecium macrosporum

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by a grant from the National Research Foundation of

Korea (NRF-2014K1A3A1A09063058) and the Korean National Research Resource

Center Program (NRF-2017M3A9B8069471). Santosh Joshi thanks Director, CSIR-

NBRI, Lucknow, India, for providing laboratory facilities. The authors are grateful

to Dr. André Aptroot (ABL Herbarium, The Netherlands) and Dr. Robert Lticking

(Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum, Berlin) for their valuable comments on

the manuscript.

Literature cited

Aptroot A. 2009. Diversity and endemism in the pyrenocarpous lichen families Pyrenulaceae

and Trypetheliaceae in the Malesian flora region. Blumea 54: 145-147.

https://doi.org/10.3767/000651909X475923

Aptroot A. 2012. A world key to the species of Anthracothecium and Pyrenula. Lichenologist

44: 5-53. https://doi.org/10.1017/S00242829 11000624

Aptroot A, Liicking R. 2016. A revisionary synopsis of Trypetheliaceae (Ascomycota:

Trypetheliales). Lichenologist 48: 763-982. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282916000487

Aptroot A, Sparrius LB. 2006. Addition to the lichen flora of Vietnam, with an annotated

checklist and bibliography. Bryologist 109: 358-371.

https://doi.org/10.1639/0007-2745(2006)109[358:ATTLFO]2.0.CO;2

Pyrenulaceae & Trypetheliaceae in Vietnam ... 969

Aptroot A, Licking R, Sipman HJM, Umafia L, Chaves JL. 2008. Pyrenocarpous lichens with

bitunicate asci. A first assessment of the lichen biodiversity inventory in Costa Rica. Bibliotheca

Lichenologica 98. 162 p.

Aptroot A, Ertz D, Etayo Salazar JA, Gueidan C, Mercado Diaz JA, Schumm F, Weerakoon

G. 2016. Forty-six new species of Trypetheliaceae from the tropics. Lichenologist 48:

609-638. https://doi.org/10.1017/S002428291600013X

Licking R, Nelsen MP, Aptroot A, Barillas De Klee R, Bawingan PA, Benatti MN, Binh

NQ, Bungartz FE, Caceres MES, Canéz LS, Chaves JL, Ertz D, Esquivel RE, Ferraro

LI, Grijalva A, Gueidan C, Hernandez M JE, Knight A, Lumbsch HT, Marcelli MP,

Mercado-Diaz JA, Moncada B, Morales EA, Naksuwankul K, Orozco T, Parnmen

S, Rivas Plata E, Salazar-Allen N, Spielmann AA, Ventura N. 2016. A phylogenetic

framework for reassessing generic concepts and species delimitation in the lichenized

family Trypetheliaceae (Ascomycota: Dothideomycetes). Lichenologist 48: 739-762.

https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282916000505

Orange A, James PW, White FJ. 2010. Microchemical methods for the identification of

lichens. British Lichen Society.

Upreti DK. 1991. Lichen genus Pyrenula from India: the species with spores of Pyrenula

brunnea type. Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France, Lettres Botaniques, 138:

241-247. https://doi.org/10.1080/01811797.1991.10824926

Upreti DK. 1998. A key to the genus Pyrenula from India, with nomenclatural notes. Nova

Hedwigia 66: 557-576.

MY COTAXON

October-December 2017— Volume 132, pp. 971-975

https://doi.org/10.5248/132.971

Acumispora delicata sp. nov.

from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

PHELIPE M.O. CosTA', MARCELA A. BARBOSA’, WANDERSON L. TAVARES’,

DAYNET SOSA?*, SIMON PEREZ-MARTINEZ?+, RAFAEL F. CASTANEDA-RUIZ?

& ELAINE MALOSSO”

‘Centro de Biociéncias, Departamento de Micologia

Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida da Engenharia,

s/n Cidade Universitaria, Recife, PE, 50.740-600, Brazil

? Programa de Pés-Graduag¢do em Biologia de Fungos,

Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida da Engenharia,

s/n Cidade Universitaria, Recife, PE, 50.740-600, Brazil

> Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, (CIBE), Campus Gustavo Galindo,

Km. 30.5 Via Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador

‘Universidad Estatal de Milagro (UNEMI), Facultad de Ingenieria, Cdla. Universitaria,

Km. 1.5 Via Milagro-Km26, Milagro 091706, Guayas, Ecuador

° Instituto de Investigaciones Fundamentales en Agricultura Tropical (INIFAT)

Alejandro de Humboldt, OSDE, Grupo Agricola,

Calle 1 Esq. 2, Santiago de Las Vegas, C. Habana, C.P. 17200, Cuba

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: elaine.malosso@ufpe.br

ABSTRACT—A new species, Acumispora delicata, collected on decaying leaves of an

unidentified plant, is described and illustrated. The new species is distinguished by

narrow ovoid to broad obclavate conidia, which are acuminate toward the rounded or

obtuse apex. A key and illustrations of Acumispora species are provided.

Key worps—asexual fungi, neotropic, taxonomy, systematics

Introduction

The genus Acumispora was described by Matsushima (1980) and typified by

Acumispora uniseptata Matsush. It is characterized by conidiophores that are

macronematous or micronematous, unbranched or irregular branched, mostly

prostrate, sometimes erect, septate, brown or pale brown, sometimes reduced

872 ... Costa & al.

to conidiogenous cells that are monoblastic, determinate or polyblastic, after

several sympodial extensions, integrated or discrete, denticulate. The conidia

are solitary, acrogenous or acropleurogenous, navicular, narrow ovoid,

obclavate, acuminate or rostrate toward the apex, very pale brown to brown,

with a minute basal frill after the rhexolytic conidial secession.

During a mycological survey of microfungi associated with leaf litter in a

Brazilian Atlantic forest, a conspicuous fungus was collected. It is described as

a new Acumispora species.

Materials & methods

Individual collections were placed in plastic bags, taken to the laboratory, and

treated according to Castafieda-Ruiz et al. (2016). Mounts were prepared in polyvinyl

alcohol-glycerol (8 g PVA in 100 ml water, plus 5 ml glycerol) and lactofuchsin

(0.1 g acid fuchsin, 100 ml 85% lactic acid) following Carmichael (1955) or lactic acid

(90%). Measurements were made at a magnification of x1000 under a Nikon Eclipse

Ni-U microscope with bright field optics, and photomicrographs were taken using DIC

optics with a Nikon DS-Fi2 camera. The holotype was deposited in the Herbarium of

Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil (URM).

Taxonomy

Acumispora delicata P.M.O. Costa, Malosso & R.E. Castafieda, sp.nov. —_- Fics 1, 2B

INDEX FUNGORUM IF 554059

Differs from Acumispora biseptata by its smaller, 3-septate conidia.

Type: Brazil, Pernambuco, Igarassu, RPPN Reftigio Ecolégico Charles Darwin, 7°48’S

34°57’W, on decaying leaves of an unidentified plant, 12.V.2017, coll. P.M.O. Costa

(Holotype, URM 90134).

ErymMo_oey: Latin, delicata, means delicate, elegant, graceful.

Co.Lonigs on the natural substrate, epiphyllous, slightly funiculose, scattered

granulose, yellowish-brown. Mycelium mostly superficial, composed of septate,

unbranched, pale yellowish-brown, smooth-walled hyphae, 1-2 um diam.

CONIDIOPHORES micronematous, prostrate, mostly reduced to conidiogenous

cells. CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS monoblastic, discrete, determinate, lageniform,

abruptly tapered, cylindrical at the conidiogenous loci, pale yellowish-brown to

pale brown, 4-8 x 3-3.5 um. Conidial secession rhexolytic. Conip1a solitary,

acrogenous, narrow ovoid to broad obclavate, acuminate toward the rounded

or obtuse apex, straight, 3-septate, smooth, pale yellowish-brown or pale

brown, 15-20 x 3-4 um, dry.

Notes: Four species have been accepted previously in Acumispora:

A. biseptata Matsush., A. phragmospora Matsush., A. wuniseptata, and

A. verruculosa Heredia et al. (Heredia et al. 2007, Matsushima 1980). Acumispora

Acumispora delicata sp. nov. (Brazil) ... 873

Fic. 1. Acumispora delicata (ex holotype, URM 90134). A. Conidia. B. Conidiogenous cells.

delicata resembles A. biseptata, which differs by its 2-septate, constricted at the

septa, longer (16-25 um) conidia, with a triangular, elongated, rostrate apical

cell. Conidia of the five species are illustrated in Fic. 2.

Key to Acumispora species

Tee ON IEA ATTAO O UNS CMe fo Mee oo MOe oO ins Mee ine yO ane we ate Aen Ieee ede eee 2

1. Conidia verruculose (obclavate to slightly ovate, 2-septate,

constricted at the septa, 25.4-33.5 x 4.4-5.5 um) ............0.. A. verruculosa

2. Conidia 1-septate (inequilateral, more or less navicular to slightly obturbinate,

with linear-triangular, rostrate apical cell, 23-28 x 5.5-6.5 um) ... A. uniseptata

2 C otiidia with more than One Sept: os. 8h os asta ib eats a gee ares 3

3. Conidia 2-septate (narrow ovoid with linear-triangular elongated,

rostrate apical cell, 16-25 x 4-5 um) ...... eee eee eee ee eee A. biseptata

3: Conidiasyith-more than 2-septates st hs ot tye ty dette $e de Bike Lhe +

4. Conidia 3-septate, narrow ovoid to broad obclavate,

acuminate toward the apex, 15-20 x 3-4um ................0.06. A. delicata

4, Conidia 3-6-septate, cylindrical-fusiform or long navicular,

apexacuiminates 20235 MAH SIM: 2h caw sh pe een zee eed A. phragmospora

874 ... Costa & al.

£ £

= =

Oo °

C =

= -

Fic. 2. Acumispora spp., conidia: A. A. biseptata (Matsushima 1980); B. A. delicata (ex holotype,

URM 90134); C. A. phragmospora (Matsushima 1980); D. A. uniseptata (Matsushima 1980);

E. A. verruculosa (Heredia et al. 2007).

Acumispora delicata sp. nov. (Brazil) ... 875

Acknowledgments

The authors express their sincere gratitude to Dr. Xiu-Guo Zhang and Dr. De-Wei Li

for their critical review of the manuscript. The authors are grateful to the Coordenacao

de Aperfeigoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES) for financial support through

Project 88881.062172/2014-01 and the Programa Ciéncia sem Fronteiras. RFCR is

grateful to the Cuban Ministry of Agriculture and Programa de Salud Animal y Vegetal,

Project P131LH003033 for facilities. DS is grateful to the Escuela Superior Politécnica

del Litoral, ESPOL, (CIBE) for financial support. We acknowledge the facilities provided

by Dr. P.M. Kirk and Drs. V. Robert and K. Bensch, through the Index Fungorum and

MycoBank websites. Dr. Lorelei Norvell’s editorial review and Dr. Shaun Pennycook’s

nomenclature review are greatly appreciated.

Literature cited

Carmichael JW. 1955. Lacto-fuchsin: a new medium for mounting fungi. Mycologia 47: 611.

Castafieda-Ruiz RF, Heredia G, Gusmao LFP, Li DW. 2016. Fungal diversity of Central and

South America. 197-217, in: DW Li (ed.). Biology of Microfungi, Springer International

Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29137-6_9

Heredia G, Castafieda-Ruiz RF, Arias RM, Saikawa M, Stadler M. 2007. Anamorphic fungi from

submerged plant material: Acumispora verruculosa sp. nov., Pleurophragmium aquaticum sp.

nov and Pleurophragmium miniumbonatum comb. nov. Mycotaxon. 101: 89-97.

Matsushima T. 1980. Saprophytic microfungi from Taiwan. Part. 1. Hyphomycetes. Matsushima

Mycological Memoirs No. 1. 82 p.

MY COTAXON

October-December 2017— Volume 132, pp. 977-983

https://doi.org/10.5248/132.977

Anisogenispora insignissima gen. & sp. nov.

from the Brazilian semi-arid region

SHEILA MIRANDA LEAO-FERREIRA’,

Luis FERNANDO PASCHOLATI GUSMAO! & RAFAEL F. CASTANEDA-RUIZ?

' Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana

Avenida Transnordestina, s/n, Novo Horizonte, 44036-900, Feira de Santana, Brazil

? Instituto de Investigaciones Fundamentales en Agricultura Tropical (INIFAT) Alejandro de Humboldt,

Calle 1 Esq. 2, Santiago de Las Vegas, C. Habana, Cuba, C.P. 17200

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: Igusmao@uefs. br

ABSTRACT—A new genus and species Anisogenispora insignissima is described and illustrated.

The fungus, found on decaying fruit of an unidentified dicotyledonous plant, is distinguished

by blastic production of globose to broadly pyriform, 1-2-septate, bicolored conidia and

a Thielaviopsis-like synanamorph with lenticular, doliiform, cylindrical, or vermiform,

unicellular or multiseptate, black conidia produced by thallic-arthric disarticulation. All

conidiogenous events originate on the same conidiophores.

KEY worDs—asexual fungi, hyphomycetes, taxonomy, tropics

Introduction

The Brazilian semiarid region, located in the northeast of the country,

covers approximately 900,000 km? and exhibits a high biodiversity (Giulietti

et al. 2006). Its different vegetation has favored highly diverse microfungi and

the discovery of several new species (e.g., Almeida et al. 2014, Barbosa et al.

2013, Fiuza et al. 2014, Leao-Ferreira et al. 2015, Monteiro et al. 2016, Silva &

Gusmao 2013, Silva et al. 2014). During a mycological survey of conidial fungi

from the semi-arid region in Serra do Ramalho, Bahia State, an interesting

fungus was collected that showed remarkable differences from all previously

described hyphomycetes (Seifert et al. 2011); it is described here as a new genus

and species.

978 ... Leao-Ferreira, Gusmao & Castafieda-Ruiz

Materials & method

Samples of decaying plant materials collected in Serra do Ramalho, Bahia State

were placed in plastic bags for transport to the laboratory where they were treated

according to Castafieda-Ruiz et al. (2016) and placed in humid chambers. Several

attempts to obtain these species in pure culture were unsuccessful after transferring

conidia with a flamed needle to malt extract agar [2% (w/v) malt extract and corn meal

agar, mixed 1:1 with carrot extract] incubated at 25 °C. Mounts were prepared in PVL

(polyvinyl alcohol, lactic acid) and measurements were made at 1000x magnification.

Microphotographs were obtained with an Olympus BX51 microscope equipped with

bright field and Nomarski interference optics. The type specimen is deposited in the

Herbarium of Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil (HUEFS).

Taxonomy

Anisogenispora S.M. Leao, Gusmao & R.F. Castaneda, gen. nov.

INDEX FUNGORUM IF 552545

Differs from Repetophragma by its monoblastic and polyblastic conidiogenous cells with

percurrent and sympodial extensions and by its chlamydospore-like synanamorph with

thallic-arthric disarticulation originating near the conidiophore apex.

TYPE SPECIES: Anisogenispora insignissima S.M. Leao et al.

ETYMOLOGY: aniso- (Greek) meaning unequal, uneven, or dissimilar + -geni- (Latin)

meaning born or produced and referring to the blastic and thallic modes of conidial

ontogeny + -spora (Latin) referring to the conidia.

CoLonies on the natural substrate effuse, brown. CONIDIOPHORES

macronematous, mononematous. CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS monoblastic

and polyblastic, integrated, indeterminate, with enteroblastic percurrent

extension, sometimes polyblastic with sympodial extension; conidial secession

schizolytic. Conrp1A solitary, brown, euseptate, smooth, dry. SYNANAMORPH

Thielaviopsis-like, terminal, dark brown, euseptate, originating near the apex of

the conidiophores, forming conidia by thallic-arthric disarticulation; conidial

secession schizolytic; conidia unicellular or multicellular, dark brown or black,

smooth.

Anisogenispora insignissima S.M. Leao, Gusmao & R.F. Castafieda, sp. nov. Fics 1-3

INDEX FUNGORUM IF 552546

Differs from Repetophragma biseptatum and R. quadriloculare by its conidiogenous cells

with percurrent and sympodial extension and by its Thielaviopsis-like synanamorph

originating from the conidiophores and conidia.

Type: Brazil, Bahia State, Coribe, Serra do Ramalho, 43°47’W 13°32’S, alt. 450-600 m,

on fallen decaying fruit of an unidentified dicotyledonous plant, 16.11.2008, coll. S.M.

Leao-Ferreira (Holotype, HUEFS 210449).

ETYMOLOGy: insignissima (Latin) meaning very remarkable, referring to pleomorphic

conidia produced on the same conidiophores.

Anisogenispora insignissima gen. & sp. nov. (Brazil) ... 979

Fic. 1. Anisogenispora insignissima (holotype, HUEFS 210449). A-C. Conidia. D, E. Conidiogenous

cells and conidia. EF Conidiophores, conidiogenous cells, and conidia. Scale bars = 10 um.

980 ... Ledo-Ferreira, Gusmao & Castafieda-Ruiz

CoLonigs on the natural substrate effuse, hairy-granulose, dark brown to

black. Mycelium superficial and immersed, composed of septate, branched,

smooth, 2-4 um diam, brown to pale brown hyphae. CoNnIDIOPHORES

macronematous, mononematous, erect, flexuous, straight or geniculate,

unbranched, rarely branched, 2-7-septate, brown, or alternately and irregularly

versicolored brown, pale brown or dark brown, 90-300 x 7.5-10 um, with

4-12 enteroblastic percurrent extensions, smooth. CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS

monoblastic, sometimes polyblastic, cylindrical, integrated, indeterminate,

terminal becoming intercalary with frequent and numerous enteroblastic

percurrent extensions and sometimes with holoblastic, sympodial extension

after a percurrent extension, 8-20 x 3 um, smooth, pale brown to brown.

CONIDIOGENOUS LOCI flat. Conip1a solitary, acrogenous or acropleurogenous,

broad pyriform, subglobose, somewhat turbinate to obovoid, (1-)2-septate,

bicolored, basal and apical cells pale brown, middle cell dark brown or black,

smooth, 17.5-30 x 12.5-20 um. SyNaANAMORPH Thielaviopsis-like, single,

doliiform, cylindrical, vermiform, or long fusiform to navicular, mostly

terminal, 2-16-euseptate, slightly constricted at the septa, 50-200 x 15-28 um,

very dark brown or black, originated near or at the apex of the conidiophores

and conidia, forming thallic-arthric conidia by disarticulation at the septa;

conidial secession schizolytic; conidia lenticular, doliiform, cylindrical,

0-12-septate, dark brown or black, 8-120 x 13-28 um, smooth, dry.

Note: Anisogenispora insignissima resembles Repetophragma biseptatum

(M.B. Ellis) Subram. and R. quadriloculare (Matsush.) R.F. Castafieda et al. in

conidial shape and the enteroblastic percurrent extension of the conidiogenous

cells, but R. biseptatum and R. quadriloculare do not have sympodial extension

of the conidiogenous cells (Castafeda-Ruiz et al. 2011), nor do they produce

a Thielaviopsis-like synanamorph with thallic-arthric conidial ontogeny such

as is present on the conidiophores in A. insignissima. Hyphae in some species

of Chalara (Corda) Rabenh. develop Thielaviopsis-like synanamorphs (similar

to the A. insignissima synanamorph), but Chalara exhibits an enterogenous

conidial ontogeny, considered as phialidic (Nag Raj & Kendrick 1976). The

Thielaviopsis-like synanamorph produced in Arthrotaeniolella L.B. Conc. et al.

Fic. 2. Anisogenispora insignissima (holotype, HUEFS 210449). A. Young growing conidium

from Thielaviopsis-like synanamorph after its germination. B. Conidiogenous cells, conidia, and

Thielaviopsis-like synanamorph. C,D. Thallic-arthric conidia of Thielaviopsis-like synanamorph.

E, FE. Conidiogenous cells, conidia, and thallic-arthric conidia of Thielaviopsis-like synanamorph.

Scale bars = 10 um.

Anisogenispora insignissima gen. & sp. nov. (Brazil) ... 981

982 ... Leao-Ferreira, Gusmao & Castafieda-Ruiz

Fic. 3. Anisogenispora insignissima (holotype, HUEFS 210449). Conidiophores, conidiogenous

cells, and conidia; and thallic-arthric conidia of Thielaviopsis-like anamorph.

is also somewhat similar to that of A. insignissima, but Arthrotaeniolella species

are freshwater fungi with thallic-arthric disarticulation of the conidiophore

branches (Monteiro et al. 2017).

Anisogenispora insignissima gen. & sp. nov. (Brazil) ... 983

Acknowledgments

We are indebted to Dr. Xiu Guo Zhang and Dr. De-Wei Li for their critical reviews.

The authors thank to the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development

(CNPq; Proc. 451991/2016-8). The first author is grateful to Coordination for the

Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) through project N° 071/2012.

RFCR is grateful to OSDE, Grupo Agricola from the Cuban Ministry of Agriculture and

Programa de Salud Animal y Vegetal, project P131LH003033. Dr. Lorelei L. Norvell’s

editorial review and Dr. Shaun Pennycook’s nomenclature review are greatly appreciated.

Literature cited

Almeida DAC, Miller AN, Gusmao LFP. 2014. New species and combinations of conidial

fungi from the semi-arid Caatinga biome of Brazil. Nova Hedwigia 98: 431-447.

https://doi.org/10.1127/0029-5035/2013/0162

Barbosa FR, Raja HA, Shearer CA, Gusmao LFP. 2013. Some freshwater fungi from the Brazilian

semi-arid region, including two new species of hyphomycetes. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 34:

243-258. https://doi.org/10.7872/crym.v34.iss2.2013.243

Castaneda-Ruiz RF, Heredia G, Arias RM, McKenzie EHC, Hyde KD, Stadler M, Saikawa M, Gené

J, Guarro J, Iturriaga T, Minter DW, Crous PW. 2011. A new species and re-disposed taxa in

Repetophragma. Mycosphere. 2: 273-289.

Castafieda-Ruiz RF, Heredia G, Gusmao LFP, Li DW. 2016. Fungal diversity of Central and South

America. 197-217, in: DW Li (ed.). Biology of Microfungi. Springer International Publishing.

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29137-6_9

Fiuza PO, Gusmao LFP, Cruz ACR, Castaneda Ruiz RF. 2014. Conidial fungi from the semiarid

Caatinga biome of Brazil: a new species of Pseudoacrodictys. Mycotaxon 127: 33-37.

https://doi.org/10.5248/127.33

Giulietti AM, Harley RM, Queiroz LP, Rapini A. 2006. To set the scene. In: Giulietti AM, Queiroz

LP, Rapini A. (Eds). Towards greater knowledge of the Brazilian semi-arid biodiversity.

Ministério da Ciéncia e Tecnologia. Brasilia.

Ledo-Ferreira SM, Gusmao LFP, Almeida DAC, Castafeda- Ruiz RE 2015. Digicateno-

sporium polyramosum, a new hyphomycete from Brazil. Mycotaxon 130: 479-482.

https://doi.org/10.5248/130.479

Monteiro JS, Gusmao LFP, Castafeda-Ruiz RF. 2016. Pleurothecium bicoloratum & Sporidesmiopsis

pluriseptata spp. nov. from Brazil. Mycotaxon 131: 145-152. https://doi.org/10.5248/131.145

Monteiro JS, Gusmao LFP, Conceicéo LB, Castafeda-Ruiz RE 2017. Arthrotaeniolella aquatica

gen. & sp. nov. and Pseudospiropes piatanensis sp. nov. from Brazil. Mycotaxon 132: 373-379.

https://doi.org/10.5248/132.373

Nag Raj TR, Kendrick WB. 1976. A monograph of Chalara and allied genera. Wilfrid Laurier

University Press, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. 200 p.

Seifert K, Morgan-Jones G, Gams W, Kendrick B. 2011. The genera of hyphomycetes. CBS

Biodiversity Series 9. 997 p.

Silva SS, Gusmao LFP. 2013. Conidial fungi from the semi-arid Caatinga Biome of Brazil. A new

species of Dictyochaeta. Mycosphere 4(4): 701-705. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/4/4/6

Silva SS, Cruz ACR, Gusmao LFP, Castafeda-Ruiz RF. 2014. Diplococcium variegatum, a new

conidial fungus from the semi-arid Caatinga biome of Brazil. Mycotaxon 127: 59-62.

https://doi.org/10.5248/127.59

MYCOTAXON

October-December 2017— Volume 132, pp. 985-986

https://doi.org/10.5248/132.985

Regional annotated mycobiotas new to the Mycotaxon website

ABSTRACT—Mycotaxon is pleased to announce two new species distribution lists to our

‘web-list’ page covering diversity of wood-inhabiting aphyllophoraceous basidiomycetes

on the island of Cyprus (by Loizides) and saprobic asexual microfungi from the tropical

cloud forest of Veracruz, México (by Arias, Heredia & Castafieda-Ruiz). This brings

to 127 the number of free access mycobiotas now available on the Mycotaxon website:

http://www.mycotaxon.com/resources/weblists.html

EUROPE

Cyprus

MicHaEt Loizipes. Diversity of wood-inhabiting aphyllophoraceous

basidiomycetes. 27 p.

ABSTRACT—The diversity of wood-inhabiting aphyllophoraceous basidiomycetes

on the island of Cyprus is explored in this paper, following a ten-year inventory

between 2007 and 2016. A total of one-hundred-and-eight taxa are reported,

fifty-eight of which constitute new records for the country. Twenty-two species

occurring on the narrow-endemic golden oak of Cyprus (Quercus alnifolia) are

documented for the first time on this host. Collections of Laetiporus sulphureus

sensu lato from Ceratonia and Eucalyptus are phylogenetically analysed and

revealed to belong to a distinct clade likely representing an undescribed species.

Among the newly reported taxa, of particular interest are Amaurodon viridis,

Asterostroma ochroleucum, Byssomerulius hirtellus, Crustoderma dryinum,

Dendrocorticium polygonioides, Postia inocybe, P. simani, Steccherinum ciliolatum,

and S. oreophilum, all of which are considered rare and are seldom reported

in literature. The aggressive conifer pathogens Heterobasidion annosum and

Porodaedalea pini are also rare and do not appear to have a significant impact

on the island’s pine-dominated forests. Fuscoporia torulosa, on the other hand,

is commonly encountered on sclerophyllous vegetation and should be closely

monitored. Previous aphyllophoraceous records from the island are critically

discussed and re-evaluated, with old and new data compiled in the form of an

annotated checklist, to include notes on the substrate, fruiting season, altitude,

and estimated abundance.

986 ... New regional mycobiotas online

NORTH AMERICA

Mexico

Rosa Maria ARIAS, GABRIELA HEREDIA & RAFAEL F. CASTANEDA-

Ruiz. Checklist of saprobic asexual microfungi from the tropical

montane cloud forest of Veracruz, México. 48 p.

Axsstract— A checklist comprising 355 species and 190 genera of asexual

microfungi associated with plant debris collected in different localities of

the tropical montane cloud forest of Veracruz, Mexico, is presented based on

literature and fresh specimens. Annotations (lists of studied material and

locations) are accompanied by illustrations of 31 species. A total 101 taxa are

recorded for the Mexican mycobiota for the first time.

MYCOTAXON

October-December 2017— Volume 132, pp. 987-1001

https://doi.org/10.5248/132.987

BOOK REVIEWS AND NOTICES.

LORELEI L. NORVELL & ELSE VELLINGA, EDITORS

Pacific Northwest Mycology Service, Portland OR 97229-1309 USA

ABSTRACT—Books reviewed include: BasiplomyceTES—Agaricus of North America

(Kerrigan 2016), Hebeloma (Fr.) P. Kumm. (Beker et al. 2016); LrcHens—Lichens of

Mexico (Herrera-Campos et al. 2016).

BASIDIOMYCETES

Agaricus of North America. By Richard W. Kerrigan. 2016. Memoirs OF THE

NEw YorRK BOTANICAL GARDEN, VOL. 114. NYBG Press, Bronx NY 10458-5126, USA.

592 p. ~385 color plates & figures, hardback. ISSN 0077-8931; ISBN 978-0-89327-536-5.

Price (excl. postage): $127.99. www.nybgpress.org

c das

; i praeclaresquamosus is chewy

But the name here turns out to be hooey,

See ic - : And those who like poison

AG AREC US . Will now find their joys in

of NORTH AMERICA, | Agaricus buckmacadooi.

. If you take an Agaricus census,

RICHARD W. KERRIGAN

The naming will batter your senses,

Some mushrooms that pose as

‘praeclaresquamosus’

Should really be deardorffensis.

The above limerick, dashed off today by British

Columbian Ian Gibson (our Pacific Northwest

Key Council database expert), captures

the west coast’s response to Rick Kerrigan's

new masterpiece. A trained agaricologist,

* Book reviews or books for consideration for coverage in this column should be sent to the

Editor-in-Chief <editor@mycotaxon.com> 6720 NW Skyline, Portland OR 97229 USA.

988 ... MycoTAxon 132(4)

I nonetheless still embarrass myself hemming and hawing over a pristine

Agaricus presented for field identification. Confidently identifying Inocybe,

Phaeocollybia, Chrysomphalina, Galerina, and many small or ‘valueless’

mushrooms, I am flummoxed by the genus that gave agaricology its name.

Somewhat defeated by identifications that are misapplications of European

concepts, most North American field agaricologists slavishly follow Arora

(1986) who—recognizing an Agaricus identification crisis when he saw one—

cheerfully placed ‘group’ after species names to give the uncertain identifier a

bit of wiggle room. But I digress.

AGARICUS OF NorTH AMERICA is a sturdy hefty tome with stiff hard covers

designed to stand up to frequent use. Owners are nonetheless advised to

prepare the volume by splaying it firmly flat in sections to prime it for heavy

use on lab benches.

Presentation is thorough and comprehensive. The table of contents and

acknowledgments precede introductory chapters covering Agaricus in the

(1) world and (2) commerce; history & nomenclature; literature; “To study

and identify Agaricus” (a materials & methods section to read and re-read);

formats & conventions; edibility caveats; phylogenetic analysis; sequences

representing Agaricus sections (+ subsections & unnamed major lineages);

and typifications of 10 previously published taxa.

These introductory chapters provoke. In “Why this book? Why now?”

Kerrigan does not share his 45 years of Agaricus field experience in a field guide

because “I believe that this presentation uniquely bridges a gap between the

typical specialist literature and the typical field guide in a way that will interest

many readers.” He further notes—

“What I have attempted to produce is a MONOGRAPHIC TECHNICAL

RESOURCE that is authoritative, while remaining generally accessible,

and is comprehensive to the extent that our existing knowledge allows.

... Agaricus is a difficult, subtle, phenotypically plastic genus with many,

many rare and seemingly cryptic species, and North America is a big

and diverse continent. ... The present volume ... is just a start, a down

payment on what we as stewards of the commons deserve: an exhaustively

comprehensive, absolutely authoritative summary of Agaricus in North

America.... The process is far from completed.”

The author ends his opening chapter with the challenge—“See if you can

discover what I’ve missed.”

In “Agaricus erected, disused, emended, and conserved” Rick observes—

“As [Linnaeus] employed the name, Agaricus corresponded to the gilled

mushrooms. Consequently, for more than a century, most new mushrooms

were named as an Agaricus, creating a huge list of names for a diverse

Book Reviews ... 989

range of species (now mostly reassigned to many segregated genera). This

copious nomenclatural residue is just one more cumbersome obstacle,

virtually unique to Agaricus, impeding the simple use of correct names,

thus affecting comprehension and communication.”

The 33-page chapter on how to approach the genus clearly explains why so

many of the collections studied are Kerrigan’s own and how to avoid making

collections that are destined to reside only in herbaria—uncharacterized,

unattended, and decidedly unloved. The helpful five pages devoted to the

objective of Agaricus study [“I have applied the names that in my opinion

are MOST PROBABLY correct’] precede discussions on characters (macro-/

microscopic, eco-/geological, biochemical, molecular, cultural), all summarized

in a brief paragraph on p. 49.

Next follow the all-important keys and taxonomic treatments. ‘The titles

explain what the keys are designed to do and not do: [i] “Dichotomous key for

the placement of agaricoid and secotioid specimens of Agaricus subg. Agaricus

in North America to sections or groups” and “[ii] Quasi-synoptic key for the

placement of specimens of A. subg. Agaricus in North America to sections or

groups.” The author shares his frustration in crafting keys: “..natural groups

in Agaricus...are somewhat heterogeneous morphologically and sometimes

biochemically, and frustrate attempts to produce elegant dichotomous keys,

especially when emphasizing field characters.” Hence the synoptic key serves as

“the preferred framework for a holistic assessment of attributes and affinities.

Once a section or group is selected, one or more subsidiary dichotomous

keys for the individual sections follow as each section is introduced....” One

complaint may be raised at using only the rDNA ITS region to support new

phylogenetic sections, and readers are warned to expect several taxonomic

shifts after future multigene sequence analyses are employed.

The formal taxonomic section covers 190 taxa (some represented only

by RWK collection numbers) and proposes 34 new names. Descriptions are

ordered based on formal section (Bivelares, Chitonioides, Xanthodermatei,

Sanguinolenti, Nigrobrunnescentes, Agaricus, Spissicaules, Subrutilescentes,

Rarolentes, Minores, Arvenses) (further divided into subsections) or the informal

‘floridianus, ‘longuloid/gryophragmioid, and ‘martineziensis’ lineages.

A typical section (e.g., A. sect. Bivelares) begins with a standard nomenclator

(but containing only selected synonyms) followed by AFFINITIES, CHARACTERS,

the inevitably valuable REMARKS, and KEY to species. This may or may not

precede SUBSECTIONS (with their own CHARACTERS, REMARKS, and KEY). Each

section/subsection includes an illustration, a graph comparing spore sizes, and

a phylotree.

990 ... MycoTaxon 132(4)

One to two illustrations accompany each 1-4-page species treatment: most

are photos—some in situ, most ‘morgue’ shots of fresh material (so useful

to taxonomists but too often snubbed by those hoping to see mushrooms in

natural habitats), and several of herbarium exsiccati—with a few drawings or

paintings. For reasons obvious to those who know how few Agaricus features

are diagnostic under high power, there are precious few micrographs.

Species sections include nomenclator, AFFINITIES; technical DESCRIPTION;

CHEMISTRY; HABIT, HABITAT, DISTRIBUTION; an always insightful piscussi1on;

and EpIBILiTy. [Edibility for Agaricus bisporus is noted as: “This mushroom

is a prized edible, the most commonly cultivated mushroom in the world,

the basis of a multi-billion-dollar industry. Cultivation is not difficult—if you

know how.’] The amount of new information (based on a lifetime of personal

observation) presented here is awe-inspiring.

And yet, there are big swaths of North America that are only superficially

studied (the southern and southeastern states), while Mexico merits only a

brief mention in the literature section. Most material in the book was collected

in California, Pennsylvania, Colorado, and New Mexico. Focused on one

continent as it is, the current volume presents keys and descriptions to cover

only species confirmed by the author as occurring there.

Since the 1970s, North American agaricologists have confronted far

too many misapplied names and a somewhat tumultuous “nomenclatural

inconsistency” in the continent’s monographs and field guides. As a test,

I consulted the 55 names listed in the PNW Key Council provisional key to

Pacific Northwest Agaricus species (Chariton 1997) to evaluate names accepted

by Kerrigan against those still used by most North American field taxonomists.

First eliminated were 18 provisional names from an unpublished master’s thesis

(Isaacs 1963); based on Oregon and Washington specimens, these were never

formally proposed and thus (with one exception) missing from Kerrigan's

index. After removing synonyms and names with no modern concept and

adding nine newly named taxa, the PNW list tallied 39 Kerrigan-accepted

Agaricus names. That list will grow once the PNW Key Council further mines

the volume to identify which additional species inhabit British Columbia,

Idaho, western Montana & Alberta, Washington, and Oregon.

The verses at the beginning encapsulate the problems faced by all

North American would-be Agaricus identifiers. In 1972, I identified one

forest mushroom as Agaricus meleagris, which was ‘corrected’ in 1974 to

A. placomyces. In the early 80s, Oregon Mycological Society members

learned that the CORRECT west coast name was A. praeclaresquamosus

(Kerrigan 1986), only to find thereafter that it also would not serve:

Book Reviews ... 991

“The Agaricus meleagris-placomyces-praeclaresquamosus complex

continues to puzzle, although Rick Kerrigan and colleagues seem to have

successfully teased out the western North American cluster. After years

of my spelling A. praeclaresquamosus Freeman slowly for fellow field

mycologists, we now recognize the complex (in the Pacific Northwest at

least) as Agaricus moelleri Wasser” (Norvell 2016).

But wait! Now A. deardorffensis (which has sent people to the hospital in British

Columbia) and A. buckmacadooi (honoring Washington's own PNW Key

Councilor Buck McAdoo) replace the first four errant names (Kerrigan et al.

2005, Norvell 2017). Fortunately AGARICUS OF NORTH AMERICA elucidates

the misapplied and confused European and North American concepts; those

perplexed by this complex are well advised to read and commit to memory

pp. 141-143, even while being aware that that the deardorffensis ITS rDNA

(sequenced originally from that mushroom brought into the Vancouver

Emergency Room) differs in only ONE base pair from the Tibetan species,

A. tibetensis.

The dry humor permeating this scientific treatise on all things Agaricus

will reassure readers who want entertainment with their erudition. I was

particularly charmed by a note on the newly minted Agaricus julius Kerrigan

(p. 394): “MISAPPLIED NAMEs: It has been called “the Prince” (A. augustus)

in common usage in Colorado; perhaps now it will become the Emperor

formerly known as Prince.” Such wit is rarely encountered in nomenclators.

The volume concludes with biographies and Agaricus species of Kerrigan's

North American predecessors (Charles H. Peck, William A. Murrill,

Alexander H. Smith, Bill E Isaacs, Alice E. Freeman), literature cited, lists

of critically examined types and vouchers studied and/or sequenced and

accepted, nomenclatural citations for the covered taxa, and a 5-page index

inexplicably entitled ‘Index to scientific names now (or formerly) assigned to

Agaricaceae, with prior homonyms [perplexing in that a comprehensive list

from 1753 onwards might rival the current volume in length]. On the back of

the page containing Rick’s biography and photo is printed a 6-in/16-cm ruler,

an incitement to all readers to go outside and get busy.

Together with the European Agaricus tomes (Parra 2008, 2013) and the

ongoing work in Asia (e.g., Zhao et al. 2011), the genus is rapidly losing many

of its secrets. We note that the work by Parra (whom Kerrigan warmly credits

in his acknowledgments) is quite different in scope and execution than that

by Kerrigan. Not so surprising, as Europe has a much longer and more

thorough mycological tradition with many more active people in the field.

992 ... MYCOTAXON 132(4)

Kerrigan's solution to life’s Agaricus problems has been a long time coming

but does not disappoint. While taxonomic riddles remain (giving Rick more

to do in his off time), many Gordian knots have been sliced. Although we

still take refuge in Arora’s ‘groups, they are becoming smaller and more

approachable. Misery does love company, so perhaps most comforting of all

is that this North American Agaricus expert lets us know that he finds His

genus even more difficult than the rest of us do.

Arora D. 1986. Mushrooms demystified. (2"¢ ed.). Ten Speed Press, Berkeley.

959'p.

Chariton LR. 1997 (reformatted by Ian Gibson April 2003). Trial field key to

the species of Agaricus in the Pacific Northwest. Pacific Northwest Key

Council. < http://www.svims.ca/council/Agari2.htm>

Isaacs BF. 1963. A survey of Agaricus in Washington, Oregon, and California.

M.S. thesis, University of Washington, Seattle. [unpublished]

Kerrigan RW. 1986. The Agaricales (gilled fungi) of California. 6. Agaricaceae.

Mad River Press, Eureka/ 62 p. + figs.

Kerrigan RW, Callac P, Guinberteau J, Challen MP, Parra LA. 2005. Agaricus

section Xanthodermatei: a phylogenetic reconstruction with commentary

on taxa. Mycologia 97: 1292-1315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b97-058

Norvell L. 2016(1992). The regular column: That nudum is a nuda?

ResearchGate author revision of Mushroom, The Journal. Winter 1991-

92, 10(1): 15-17. <www.researchgate.net/publication/313159493>.

Norvell L. 2017(1988). The herbarium and how it breeds. ResearchGate

author revision of Mushroom, The Journal. Summer 1986, 4(3): 6-9.

<www.researchgate.net/publication/310674716>.

Parra Sanchez LA. 2008. Agaricus L. Allopsalliota Nauta & Bas. Tribu

Agaricaceae S. Imai Parte I. Fungi Europaei 1. Edizioni Candusso.

Parra Sanchez LA. 2013. Agaricus L. Allopsalliota Nauta & Bas. Parte II.

Fungi Europaei 1A. Edizioni Candusso.

Zhao RL, Karunarathna S, Raspé O, Parra LA, Guinberteau J, Moinard M,

De Kesel A, Barroso G, Courtecuisse R, Hyde KD, Guelly AK, Desjardin

DE, Callac P. 2011. Major clades in tropical Agaricus. Fungal Diversity 51:

279-296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13225-011-0136-7

LORELEI NORVELL

Pacific Northwest Mycology Service

Portland OR 97229-1309, USA

IInorvell@pnw-ms.com

Book Reviews ... 993

Hebeloma (Fr.) P. Kumm. By H.J. Beker, U. Eberhardt & J. Vesterholtt, 2016.

Fungi Europaei 14. Candusso Edizioni s.a.s., <http://eidizionicandusso.it> ISBN

978-88-96059-42-5. 1232 pp, 2654 photos, 200 drawings. 2.8 kilos. Price 86.00 Euros.

Hebeloma is one of those genera in which Tee

species recognition has been difficult, which sericea ete) card

has resulted in a wealth of literature where

authors all interpreted names differently J, )4:15 8e))'//: Vere

and often brought more confusion than

clarification. For Europe, there is now an

excellent book that brings together a mass of

knowledge and data and gives clear reasons for

the species that are presented.

What sets this book apart from other

taxonomic treatments is the care given to

explanations on the decisions made and the

different sets of characters that played a role in

these decisions (biological data concerning monokaryon mating, morphological

data, and molecular DNA data). In some cases morphology tipped the scale

to recognize several species; in others the DNA data indicated the existence

of differences. It should be noted that a combination of molecular markers

was used for species delimitation and that more variable gene regions than

the universally used barcode ITS region were sequenced and phylogenetically

analysed.

The mating data were provided by earlier research (Aanen & Kuyper 1999)

on the Hebeloma crustuliniforme group; the first author contributed most

microscopic observations, whereas the second author brought into the mix

her molecular-phylogenetic skills. Background articles on several sections had

been published previously (e.g. Eberhardt et al. 2013, 2015).

The set-up of the book is comparable to others in the series. The introduction

describes the different chapters and sets the tone. Those chapters cover the

history of the genus, morphology and ontogeny, materials and methods,

infrageneric classification, keys to sections (in different languages), six chapters

treating the species in the various sections, followed by an extensive overview

of ecology and habitat, a list of published names from Europe and north Africa,

bibliography, and finally iconography (more than 500 pages!).

Most important is the chapter called “Our approach’—the materials and

methods part. This is required reading for every taxonomist, and student in

taxonomy. The care with which the research was conducted is exemplary.

994 ... MYCOTAXON 132(4)

Another chapter of enormous importance for taxonomists in and outside

Europe is the list of names that have been published but are not included as

current and valid names in the description chapters. These names come with

annotations of the authors, who studied as many type collections as possible.

The almost 100 pages this list comprises indicates the wealth of information

here (all original diagnoses are given and, if necessary, translated into English).

All 84 species descriptions have been generated in the same way from the

data in the first author's database. This means that they are standardized and

follow the same order.

The keys have also been generated from the database, which means that

human inflation of characters in the keys is absent.

Illustrations in the description chapters are limited to phylogenetic trees

per section or subsection, phenology histograms and distribution maps,

and line drawings of type specimen’s microscopic characters, but the colour

photographs of microscopic and macroscopic characters in chapter 17 add a

wealth of information.

Species recognition still will not be easy in this genus, as the differences

between species can be quite subtle, sometimes only in one morphological

character that needs careful observation, and sometimes there is overlap in

morphological characters among species. This is partly due to the fact that the

authors sought for and found DNA regions that are more variable than ITS.

But remember, this book provides thorough arguments for or against the

decisions made.

It is sad that the third author, Jan Vesterholt, did not live to see the end

product of this work (Jan died in 2011). The book is dedicated to his memory;

Jan brought his knowledge of the northern European species to this project

(Vesterholt 2005).

This book is not the final word on the genus Hebeloma—far from it. The

authors are now focusing on the North American taxa, and I am looking

forward to this next installment. I am very curious to see how many species

the two continents have in common, and whether human introductions might

have played a role in these patterns.

My appreciation and admiration for the authors in tackling this difficult but

important ectomycorrhizal genus hopefully shine through this review.

Aanen D, Kuyper TW, 1999. Intercompatibility tests in the Hebeloma

crustuliniforme complex in northwestern Europe. Mycologia 91: 783-795.

Book Reviews ... 995

Eberhardt U, Beker HJ, Vesterholt J, Dukik K, Walther G, Vila J, Brime

SE 2013. European species of Hebeloma section Theobromina. Fungal

Diversity 58: 103-126. https://doi.org/10.1007/213225-12-0188-3

Eberhardt U, Beker HJ, Vesterholt J. 2015. Decrypting the Hebeloma

crustuliniforme complex: European species of Hebeloma_ section

Denudata subsection Denudata (Agaricales). Persoonia 35: 101-147.

https://doi.org/10.3767/003158515X687704

Vesterholt J. 2005. The genus Hebeloma. Fungi of Northern Europe vol. 3.

Svampetryk, Denmark.

ELSE C. VELLINGA

861 Keeler Avenue, Berkeley, CA 94708 USA

ecvellinga@comcast.net

LICHENS

Lichens of Mexico. The Parmeliaceae - Keys, distribution and specimen

descriptions. Maria Herrera-Campos, Rosa Emilia Pérez-Pérez & Thomas

H. Nash III (eds.). 2016. BristiotHECA LICHENOLOGICA, Vol. 110; vi+723 p.,

17 figs., 14x22cm. English. ISBN 978-3-443-58089-6, bound, price: 199.00 €.

<www.borntraeger-cramer.de/9783443580896> a

Bibliotheca Lichenologica 110

LICHENS OF MEXICO—THE PARMELIACEAE

is a valuable resource that will soon be Fictens oie

consulted even outside of its intended region. ! |

The fact that 20% of the world’s Parmeliaceae

(including the vast majority known from

North America) occur in Mexico make this

volume helpful in keying out lichens outside

of the country, particularly in adjacent Central

America, Caribbean, and United States. Its

use of the recent realignment of species into

phylogenetically supported groups and genera

is a particular benefit.

Thick, dense, but compact, the book is held easily in one hand. Its sturdy

hardcover appears rain- and incidental spillage-proof, and its firmly bound

pages of ‘permanent paper conforming to ISO 9706-1994” do not crackle when

splayed to prepare for heavy use. ‘The text is crisp and legible, although the

spacing is a bit tight for my aging eyes and the margins are far too narrow,

forcing one’s eye to jump occasionally from one long line to another—all

trade offs needed to keep the book affordable and under 800 pages long. This

996 ... MycoTAXxoNn 132(4)

economy of space has the unfortunate result that even when opened firmly,

text on inside margins tends to trail off into the crease. The semi-glossy

photos are sharp and clear but amazingly few: As its title clearly indicates,

the volume focuses on keys and descriptions. Nonetheless, readers who do

read the text should be able to check most of their determinations easily

against the excellent photos in Brodo et al. (2001).

Three introductory chapters set the framework for the 450 species to

follow. The first, covering Mexico’s geology, topography, vegetation, and

diversity, provides four maps, two colored to distinguish the different

climates and biomes. The country’s 2 million km? surface area and varied

landscape, climate, and ecosystems accommodate ~12% of the world’s

species. Herrera-Campos et al. note that it has been historically difficult to

classify Mexico's biological landscape due the convergence of the Holarctic

and Neotropical realms in the Tropic of Cancer, leading to the recognition

of (if not agreement on) 10-32 vegetation types within the five biomes.

The second chapter—Phylogenetic structure of metacommunities in

Mexican Parmeliaceae—presents the first lichen community phylogenetic

analysis for Mexico based on the Parmeliaceae. Liicking et al. note that

the relatively young community phylogenetics field tries to characterize

the phylogenetic structure of ecological communities, thereby ‘providing

insights into evolutionary process’ based on the theory ‘that closely

related species do not usually co-occur in the same community. The few

fungal and micro-organismal studies published before 2006 make these

29 pages the first to apply community phylogenetics to lichens. The 12%-

page table shows the presence/absence of the 450 species in Mexicos five

major biomes—tropical humid forest, humid mountain forest, temperate

forest, seasonally dry forest, and dry shrubland. Species richness and

phylogenetic diversity is highest in the temperate forest and lowest in the

humid mountain and tropical humid forests, supporting the temperate

forest as a center of diversity for Mexican Parmeliaceae while less diverse

and more clade-specific composition of the seasonally dry forest and dry

shrubland favor lineages of the parmotremoid/xanthopermelioid clade

and Oropogon.

The third introductory chapter presents a molecular-based synopsis of

generic classification of Parmeliaceae: since 2000, the ‘increased availability

of DNA sequence data has led to a second revolution of generic delimitations

in Parmeliaceae based on molecular phylogenetic studies addressing the

circumscription of genera’ Crespo et al. briefly evaluate currently accepted

Book Reviews ... 997

genera, recapitulating recent changes in their circumscription and dividing

the family into 7 phylogenetic groups:

ALECTORIOID—Circumscriptions of Alectoria, Bryoria, and Pseudephebe

remain relatively unchanged. The 2009 separation of Gowardia from Alectoria

is not currently supported, while Nodobryoria, segregated previously from

Bryoria, appears not closely related to Bryoria.

CeTRARIOID—Cetraria, Kaernefeltia, | Melanelia, Tuckermanella,

Tuckermannopsis* [sic], Vulpicida represent a usually well-supported

monophyletic clade, although current circumscriptions are needed in some

instances. “Genetic distances among many currently accepted genera are

remarkably low.... Thus at least some of the genera should most likely be

merged.” In this chapter Crespo & Barrano propose the new Kaernefeltia

iberica comb. nov. for extralimital Spanish specimens previously referred to

K. merrillii, a North American endemic.

Hypocymnioip— The first sentence reads: “this group consists of four

foliose genera’, but only three are named (probably because the authors counted

Cavernula, whose species were transferred to Hypogymnia in 2011). Brodoa

[not found in Mexico] and Pseudevernia are the other two hypogymnioid

genera cited here.

LETHARIOID—Segregation of Letharia (found in Mexico) and Lethariella

awaits further research.

PARMELIOID— This largest group accommodates over 1800 accepted

species. Of the 21 accepted genera, 5 (Bulbothrix, Parmelia, Parmelinella,

*NOMENCLATURAL NOTE: Although the genus is misspelled ‘Tuckermannopsis’

consistently throughout the volume, according to Art. 60.1 of the INTERNATIONAL

CODE OF NOMENCLATURE FOR ALGAE, FUNGI, AND PLANTS (McNeill & al. 2012),

the name honoring Edward Tuckerman should be corrected to Tuckermanopsis, as

originally spelled for the type species Tuckermanopsis ciliaris (Ach.) Gyel. and as

displayed on Index Fungorum <http://www.indexfungorum.org> and MycoBank

<www.mycobank.org>. MycoBank lists “Tuckermannopsis’ as an orthographic variant.

Thus far I have been unable to determine just exactly when the name acquired

the extra ‘n’ but suspect it might have been introduced by Hale, who transferred 13

species to the genus in the 5" lichen checklist by Egan (1987). Although a Google search

tends to turn up more Tuckermannopsis hits, the spelling used almost uniformly in the

North American books on my library shelves (e.g., Hale & Cole 1988, Brodo et al. 2001

McCune & Geiser 2009), there are quite a few papers (e.g., Harris & Lendemer 2005;

Randlane & Saag 2006 + many more European texts) that spell the name as proposed

by the Byelorussian Gyelnik in 1933. Note also that when Esslinger (2006) carved the

segregate genus, Tuckermanella Essl. from Tuckermanopsis, he correctly spelled his new

genus with only one ‘n.

998 ... MycoTAXxoON 132(4)

Parmotremopsis, Pseudoparmelia) are currently polyphyletic, in a state of flux,

or lack molecular data; three (Canoparmelia, Hypotrachyna, Xanthoparmelia)

were recently trimmed for monophyly, and three (Melanelixia, Melanohalea,

Remotrachyna) are recent segregates. The remaining 10 well-supported

monophyletic genera include Cetrelia, Flavoparmelia, Montanelia, Myelochroa,

Parmelina, Parmeliopsis, Parmotrema, Phacopsis, Punctelia, and Relicina.

PROTOPARMELIOID—confined to the polyphyletic Protoparmelia.

UsnEoip—limited to one genus (Usnea) with 350 species and the most

highly diverse in tropical areas. Usnea now includes previous segregates

(e.g., Dolichousnea, Eumitria, Neuropogon) phylogenetically nested within it.

GENERA WITH UNCERTAIN AFFINITIES—Anzia, characterised by multispored

asci with small curved ascospores and a spongiostratum, is centered in eastern

Asia. Imshaugia is distinguished by Parmeliopsis-like species with emergent

laminal/marginal pycnidia and bacilliform/bifusiform conidia. Menegazzia,

diagnosed by a perforated upper thallus surface, occurs primarily in the

southern hemisphere. The morphological segregation of Nodobryoria from

Bryoria is molecularly supported. Oropogon a fruticose lichen of the Neotropics

with a currently unresolved phylogeny.

A key to the identification of genera representing Parmeliaceae in Mexico

concludes the introduction.

A formidable array of Parmeliaceae experts have written chapters for this

volume, with Editors Herrera-Campos (5), Pérez-Pérez (9), and Nash (24)

and authors R.S. Egan (5), T.L. Esslinger (10), J.A. Elix (4) each contributing

to more than two chapters while J.W. Bjerke, A. Crespo, P.K. Divakar, S.D.

Leavitt, James Lendemer, Robert Liicking, H.T. Lumbsch, Bruce McCune,

I.KK. Tronstad, J.L. Vilmasenor, and A. Zambrano Garcia each contributed

to at least one.

Thirty-nine generic chapters covering 450 species comprise the bulk (and

the goal) of THE PARMELIACEAE. The note added in proof at the bottom of

the section’s title page hints at editorial headaches suffered over collating

over 40 papers, with many undoubtedly arriving only shortly before press

time:

“Herein Dr. Egan proposes treating everniastrum subplanum

Sipman as a synonym of Parmotrema paramoreliense whereas

the former species was treated as Hypotrachyna subplanum in the

Hypotrachyna treatment as proposed by Divakar et al. (2013a). The

correct placement must await molecular investigations of all relevant

material”

Book Reviews ... 999

Genera are presented in alphabetical order and entitled with the genus name

+ in Mexico (except for “Menegazzia in Mexico and the Caribbean islands”).

The chapters range in length from one page (Cetraria, Phacopsis) to 103 pages

(Hypotrachyna, Parmotrema), depending on the number of species. Formatting

is consistent: Title and author information are followed by abstract, short

genus characterization, and species key (for genera with more than one

species covered). Each species treatment begins with the taxonomic

heading and nomenclator followed by morphological description, chemical

composition, distribution data, and important notes and concludes with

a list (often extensive) of specimens examined. Alphabetical presentation

—a necessity in such a large volume with no index—and running titles

enable rapid location of a particular genus. Eight species new to science

are proposed in the Alectoria (2), Hypotrachyna (1), Parmotrema (2),

Pseudevernia (2), and Tuckermanella (1) chapters.

There are a few deviations, perhaps the most startling being that only the

species key, taxonomic headings, illustration references, and distributional

data appear are provided for Canoparmelia; I regret the absence of the rest

of the material but suspect that the fact this chapter was written by two

already overcommitted editors, Pérez-Pérez & Nash, may have something to

do with the decision to withhold the morphological and chemical features

[referenced in the abstract as “Descriptions were provided previously”] and

final discussions for the 13 species. Still, it will be a bit of a hassle for some

readers to find the correct ‘previous’ paper for the missing information.

I also greatly mourn the lack of a concluding comprehensive species

index that would allow easy tracking of new taxonomic realignments,

always helpful to those wondering what name a favored species has recently

adopted. The information can be ferreted out of the nomenclators, although

the reader must know the new name to find out what happened to the old

one. This does, however, have the benefit of persuading the user to consult

the keys, the whole purpose of the volume!

Finally, given the focus on phylogenetic analysis of biomes, groups,

and genera in this volume, I was exasperated by the lack of information

regarding which DNA regions were sequenced to generate the phylogenies.

A time-consuming scan of the 31-page bibliography proved somewhat

helpful, although I found only three titles naming the DNA regions:

mitochondrial DNA (Crespo & al. 2001), ITS & {-tubulin (Crespo & al.

2002), and ribosomal markers + RPB1 (Crespo & al. 2007). Inspection of

the multilocus sequences analyzed by Altermann et al. (2014), however,

1000 ... Mycotaxon 132(4)

explains why modern titles do not enumerate all DNA regions used: citing

their 15 different loci (even in the abstract) would have needlessly lengthened

the paper and the authors cited the needed information in their Materials

& methods table. Nonetheless, the nuclear ITS, LSU and mitochondrial

SSU rDNA sequences cited in the abstract for “DNA barcoding in the

Hypotrachyna clade” abstract (Divakar et al. 2015) is information that

should have been shared under Hypotrachyna in the third chapter. Likewise

identifying the DNA barcode used to identify hidden diversity in Parmelia

sensu stricto (Divakar et al. 2015) as derived from the ITS region should have

been noted for that genus.

The rapid change in the complex molecular landscape is perhaps one

reason why most authors use vague terms such as ‘molecular analyses,

‘DNA sequence based, or ‘phylogenetic analyses’ in their titles (saving the

lengthier specifics for the abstracts). If a second edition is anticipated, a

brief list of the DNA regions sequenced used to generate the phylogenetic

support and their utility (even if just in table form) would be welcome.

The objections raised above are minor and should in no way discourage

anyone from purchasing such a useful book that does precisely what it

sets out to do: key and describe 450 lichens representing Parmeliaceae

from Mexico. As noted above, its use will not (nor should) be restricted to

Mexico and the reference will prove a reliable resource for all those who use

it. 1am very happy to have LICHENS OF MExIco: THE PARMELIACEAE On my

lab library shelves.

Altermann S, Leavitt SD, Goward T, Nelsen MP, Lumbsch HT. 2014. How

do you solve a problem like Letharia? A new look at cryptic species

in lichen-forming fungi using Bayesian clustering and SNPs from

multilocus sequence data. PLoS One 9: e97556.

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0097556

Brodo IW, Sharnoff, SD, Sharnoff S. 2001. Lichens of North America. Yale

University Press, New Haven. 795 p.

Crespo A, Blanco O, Hawksworth DL. 2001. The potential of

mitochondrial DNA for establishing phylogeny and _ stabilising

generic concepts in the parmelioid lichens. Taxon 50: 807-819.

https://doi.org/10.2307/1223708

Crespo A, Molino MC, Blanco O, Schroeter B, Sancho LG,

Hawksworth DL. 2002. rDNA ITS and f-tubulin gene sequence

analyses reveal two monophyletic groups within the cosmopolitan

lichen Parmelia_ saxatilis. Mycological Research 106: 788-795.

https://doi.org/10.1017/S095375620200610X

Book Reviews ... LOO1

Crespo A, Lumbsch HT, Mattson JE, Blanco O, Divakar PK, Articus

K, Wiklund E, Bawingan PA, Wedin M. 2007. Testing morphology-

based hypotheses of phylogenetic relations in Parmeliaceae

(Ascomycota) using three ribosomal markers and the nuclear

RPB1 gene. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 44: 812-824.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2006.11.029

Divakar PK, Leavitt SD, Molina MC, Del-Prado R, Lumbsch HT, Crespo

A. 2015. A DNA barcoding approach for identification of hidden

diversity in Parmeliaceae (Ascomycota): Parmelia sensu stricto as

a case study. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 180: 21-29.

https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12358

Divakar PK, Crespo A, Nufiez-Zapata J, Flakus A, Sipman HJM, Elix J,

Lumbsch HT. 2013. A molecular perspective on generic concepts in the

Hypotrachyna clade (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota). Phytotaxa 132: 21-38.

https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.132.1.2

Esslinger TL. 2003. Tuckermanella, a new cetrarioid genus in western North

America. Mycotaxon 65: 135-141.

Hale M. 1987. 13 Tuckermannopsis [sic] recombinations proposed on p. 165

in Egan RS. A fifth checklist of the lichen-forming, lichenicolous and

allied fungi of the continental United States and Canada. The Bryologist

90(2): 77-173.

Harris RC, Lendemer JA. 2005. Contributions to the lichen flora of

Pennsylvania: A checklist of lichens collected during the first Howard

Crum Bryological Workshop, Delaware Water Gap National Recreation

Area. Opuscula Philolichenum 2: 1-10.

McCune B, Geiser L. 2009. Macrolichens of the Pacific Northwest. Revised

Edition. Oregon State University Press, Corvallis.

McNeill J, Barrie FE, Buck WR, Demoulin V, Greuter W, et al. (eds).

2012. International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants

(Melbourne Code). [Regnum Vegetabile no. 154.] Koeltz Scientific

Books, Konigstein.

Randlane T, Saag A. 2006. Cetrarioid lichens i34n Europe - an identification

key for the species. 75-84 in: Lackovicova A., Guttova A., Lisicka E.

& Lizon P. (eds.), Central European lichens - diversity and threat.

Mycotaxon Ltd., Ithaca.

LORELEI NORVELL

Pacific Northwest Mycology Service

Portland OR 97229-1309, USA

IInorvell@pnw-ms.com