IV ... MYCOTAXON 133(1)

MYCOTAXON

VOLUME ONE HUNDRED THIRTY-THREE (1) — TABLE OF CONTENTS

133-1: TABLE OF CONTENTS, NOMENCLATURAL UPDATES, PEERS, EDITORIALS

Nomenclatural novelties & typifications ....... 0... eee eee eee ees vii

REVIG WETS 0 Fc doa le ohio aR d att at dod ek nels 4 ek nee ste a Goan ie don wort ace aoe ix

TEPID Ni act RPG in BEM Ney eee Aca tah Hehe hE Seale ck SRE aR Mareen Ses x

PROPEL TEE TOR” «kok Mot, & dg 5 te -cPeid e dep ee aad oA OR i yt teeh xi

In Remembrance

José Miguel Barea Navarro (1942-2018) 1.0... ccc cece cece eens xiii

Gary Henry LAN COLp CEPA 2 OOS) mo sake wi: brogk 3 aaa ape y ops rag xvi

Franz-Chr -Oberwinkléer (193 9=2018) oc ccc Gib jee Gis oe oie ee ote es xix

DOT SAOMISSIOM PROCCHUTE hs hse, Maeda dS ile Ae eee Nets oh We sed

RESEARCH ARTICLES

A vulnerable thelephoroid fungus, Lenzitopsis oxycedri,

on Cupressus sempervirens in Algeria SOUHILA AOUALI,

BENALIA OUANOUKI, IMANE BOUTELBA, LORENZO PECORARO

Arachnophora longa sp. nov., a freshwater hyphomycete

from far north Queensland, Australia Satty C. Fryar & KEvIN D. Hype

Graphis nudanorsticta sp. nov.

and two new records of Graphis spp. from China Qr-Done Wane,

X1A0-HAN WU, XIN ZHAO, ZE-FENG JIA

Notes on rust fungi in China 4.

Hosts and distribution of Hyalopsora aspidiotus and H. hakodatensis

JING-XIN JI, ZHUANG LI, Yu LI, JIAN-YUN ZHANG, MAKOTO KAKISHIMA

Rosellinia jiangxiensis and R. yunnanensis spp. nov.

and a new Rosellinia record from China WEI Li & Lin Guo

Distribution of Alternaria species among sections. 4.

Species formerly assigned to genus Nimbya Puitipp B. GANNIBAL

Four species of polyporoid fungi newly recorded

from Taiwan CuHE-CHIH CHEN, SHENG-Hua Wu, CHI-Yu CHEN

Four records of Leptogium from China Yu X1A, Li-Li ZHaAo,

QINnG-FENG Wu, Hua-JIgE Liu

Castanediella diversispora sp. nov. from the

Brazilian Atlantic Forest PHELIPE M.O. Costa, MARCELA A. BARBOSA,

GABRIELA V.R. DA SILVA, DAYNET SOSA, SIMON PEREZ-MARTINEZ,

RAFAEL F, CASTANEDA-RUIZ, ELAINE MALOSSO

JANUARY-MARCH 2018... V

Varicellaria emeiensis sp. nov. and

a review of the genus in China JIANHUA ZHOU & QIANG Ren 71

Teuvoa alpina and. T. saxicola spp. nov. and

the genus in China QIANG Ren, Li Hua ZHANG, XUE JIAo Hou 79

New records of Lepraria and Pyrenula

from China ZHONG-LIANG WANG, SHU-KUN YAN,

RoncG TANG, MEI-JiE SuN, Lu-Lu ZHanG 89

Ellisembia hainanensis sp. nov.

from Hainan, China MIN Q1a0, Jt SHU Guo, WEI-GUANG TIAN, ZE-FEN YU 97

New records of Arthoniaceae

from Vietnam SANTOSH JOSHI, BEEYOUNG GUN LEE,

DALIP KUMAR UPRETI, JAE-SEOUN Hur 103

Three new lichen species from Qinghai

province in China BEEYOUNG GUN LEE, SERGI Y. KONDRATYUK,

JosEF P. HaLpa, LAsz_6 L6xK6s, HAI-YING WANG,

MIN Hye JEONG, SANGKUK HAN, SOON-OK OH & JAE-SEOUN Hur 113

New records of pyrenocarpous lichens

from Jeju Island, South Korea Dong Liu, Joser P. HAtpa,

SooN-OK OH, CHAN-HoO Park, JAE-SEOUN Hur 127

Diploschistes wui sp. nov., an overlooked saxicolous lichen

from Northwestern China GuLIBAHAER ABABAIKELI, ADILJIAN ABDULLA,

ABDULLA ABBAS, SHOU-YU GUO, ANWAR TuMuR 141

Rhexoacrodictys broussonetiae sp. nov.

from Guizhou, China ZHONG-JIu XIAO, XIAO-XIA LI,

Hao-Done WANG, PEI-YoNG Sona, Linc Tana 149

Four interesting aphyllophoroid species

in the tropical northern region of Veracruz, Mexico

SANTIAGO CHACON, FIDEL TAPIA, DANIEL JARVIO 153

Buellia taishanensis sp. nov. and

new Buellia records from Mt. Tai, China Q1-DoncG WANG, Fe1-YvE Liu,

X1A0-HAN Wu, XIN ZHAO, ZE-FENG Jia 163

Replacement names for two Australian species

of Inocybe P. BRANDON MATHENY & NEALE L. BOUGHER 173

New records of Haematomma and Ophioparma

from China RONG TANG, SHU-KUN YAN, MEI-JEI SUN, Lu-LU ZHANG 175

Chinese black truffles: Tuber yigongense sp. nov.,

taxonomic reassessment of T: indicum s.l., and

re-examination of the T. sinense isotype Li FAN, JuN-L1 ZHANG, TING LI,

Hu1-JUAN Sun, WEI-PING XIonG, Yu L1 183

VI ... MYCOTAXON 133(1)

Graphis maomingensis, a new lichenized fungus from China

Lu-Lu ZHANG, MENG-ZHU YANG, ZUN-TIAN ZHAO 197

First record of Morchella pulchella from Pakistan

H. BapsHAH, B. ALr, S.A. SHAH, M.M. ALAM, HI. Aty, A.S. Mumtaz 201

REGIONAL MYCOBIOTA NEW TO THE MYCOTAXON WEBSITE: SUMMARY

Updates on the knowledge of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi

(Glomeromycotina) in the Atlantic Forest biome—an example

of very high species richness in the Brazilian landscape

KHADIJA JOBIM, XOCHITL MARGARITO VISTA, BRUNO TOMIO GOTO 209

PUBLICATION DATE FOR VOLUME ONE HUNDRED THIRTY-TWO (4)

MYCOTAXON for OCTOBER—DECEMBER 2017, (I-x1I + 707-1001)

was issued on January 17, 2018

JANUARY-MARCH 2018...

NOMENCLATURAL NOVELTIES AND TYPIFICATIONS

PROPOSED IN MYCOTAXON 133(1)

Alternaria crassoides (Davis) Gannibal

[MB 822404], p.40

Alternaria dolichi (T.Y. Zhang & G.Z. Zhao) Gannibal

[MB 822503], p. 40

Alternaria heteroschemos (Fautrey) Gannibal

[MB 822405], p. 40

Alternaria juncicola (E.G. Simmons) Gannibal

[MB 822407], p. 40

Alternaria nimbyae-dianthi Gannibal

[MB 822505], p. 40

= Nimbya dianthi T.Y. Zhang & G.Z. Zhao 2005

non Alternaria dianthi J.V. Almeida & Sousa da Camara 1903

Alternaria nimbyoides Gannibal

[MB 822504], p. 40

= Nimbya euphorbiicola W.Q. Chen & T.Y. Zhang 1997

non Alternaria euphorbiicola E.G. Simmons & Engelhard 1986

Alternaria rhapontici (Nelen) Gannibal

[MB 822406], p. 40

Arachnophora longa Fryar & K.D. Hyde

[MB 823958], p. 10

Buellia taishanensis Q.D. Wang & Z.F. Jia

[FN 570500], p. 166

Calogaya ginghaiensis B.G. Lee & Hur

[MB 815074], p. 117

Caloplaca zeorina B.G. Lee & Hur

[MB 815073], p. 119

Castanediella diversispora P.M.O. Costa, Malosso & R.E. Castaneda

[MB 824478], p. 64

Diploschistes wui A. Abbas, S.Y. Guo & Ababaikeli

[FN 570518], p. 144

Ellisembia hainanensis M. Qiao & Z.F. Yu

[MB 823745], p. 98

Graphis maomingensis Meng Z. Yang & Lu L. Zhang

[MB 824948], p. 198

Graphis nudanorsticta Z.F. Jia & Q.D. Wang

[FN 570491], p. 15

Inocybe austrofibrillosipes Matheny, Bougher & G.M. Gates

MB 824698, p. 173

= Inocybe fibrillosipes Matheny, Bougher & G.M. Gates 2017,

nom. illegit., non E. Ludw. (2017)

VII

Vul ... MYCOTAXON 133(1)

Inocybe fulvotomentosa Matheny, Bougher, R. Rob. & K. Syme

[MB 824699], p. 173

= Inocybe mallocyboides Matheny, Bougher, R. Rob. & K. Syme 2017,

nom. illegit., non E. Ludw. (2017)

Rhexoacrodictys broussonetiae Xiao X. Li & Z.J. Xiao

[FN 570519], p. 150

Rosellinia jiangxiensis Wei Li bis & L. Guo

[FN 570498], p. 31

Rosellinia yunnanensis Wei Li bis & L. Guo

[FN 570499], p. 32

Teuvoa alpina Q. Ren

[FN 570545], p. 84

Teuvoa saxicola Q. Ren

[FN 570544], p. 82

Tuber yigongense L. Fan & W.P. Xiong

[FN 570492], p. 190

Varicellaria emeiensis Q. Ren

[FN 570520], p. 72

Verrucaria eminens B.G. Lee & Hur

[MB 815075], p. 121

JANUARY-MARCH 2018...

REVIEWERS — VOLUME ONE HUNDRED THIRTY-THREE (1)

The Editors express their appreciation to the following individuals who have,

prior to acceptance for publication, reviewed one or more of the papers

prepared for this quarter.

André Aptroot

Alan W. Archer

Andrew D. Armitage

Ditte Bandini

Janusz Blaszkowski

R.F. Castafieda-Ruiz

Bao-Kai Cui

Cvetomir M. Denchev

Xi-Hui Du

Martin Esqueda

Shouyu Guo

Tan R. Hall

Liufu Han

Margarita Hernandez-Restrepo

Ze-Feng Jia

Santosh Joshi

Yogesh Joshi

Sergey Kondratyuk

Ellen Larsson

Daniel Lawrence

De-Wei Li

Tai-hui Li

Laszl6 Lék6és

Michael Loizides

Jian Ma

Eric H.C. McKenzie

Lorelei L. Norvell

Kerry O'Donnell

Shaun R. Pennycook

Sergio Pérez Gorjon

Liliane Petrini

Qiang Ren

Leif Ryvarden

Alessandro Saitta

Ek Sangvichien

Hurnisa Shahidin

Ewald Sieverding

Gladstone Alves da Silva

Jan Vondrak

Xin-Yu Wang

Hai-Sheng Yuan

Xiu-Guo Zhang

x ... MYCOTAXON 133(1)

ERRATA FROM PREVIOUS VOLUMES

VOLUME 131(4)

p- 892, line 32 FOR: SWAT15-1560

p- 895, line 1 FOR: SWAT 16-0021

VOLUME 132(4)

p. Vv, line 18 FOR: Xiao-Man Li

p. v, line 21 FOR: Xiao-Man Li

READ: SWAT000136

READ: SWAT000137

READ: Xiao-Man Liu

JANUARY-MARCH 2018 ... XI

FROM THE EDITOR-IN-CHIEF

MYCOTAXON 133(1) presents 26 papers by 108 authors (representing 19 countries)

and reviewed by 42 peers.

Within our pages are 17 species new to science representing Arachnophora

from Australia; Buellia, Calogaya, Caloplaca, Diploschistes, Ellisembia, Graphis,

Rhexoacrodictys, Rosellinia, Teuvoa, Tuber, Varicellaria, and Verrucaria from China;

and Castanediella from Brazil. Replacement names are proposed for two Australian

Inocybe species and two species of Alternaria, with five new Alternaria combinations

also proposed.

Species range extensions (many with keys to the genera) are reported for species

representing Morchella (Pakistan), 8 polyporoid genera (Algeria, Mexico, Taiwan),

and 17 lichen genera (mainland China, Korea, Vietnam). Clarifications for hosts

and distributions for two Hyalopsora rusts and two black truffles in China and the

summary of an updated mycobiota devoted to AM fungi in Brazil’s Atlantic Forest

are additionally presented.

Finally, on the next pages we have the sad duty of offering brief biographies and

memories of three exceedingly productive mycologists—José Miguel Barea, Gary

Lincoff, Franz Oberwinkler—who passed away during March and April.

OF WHAT USE RANGE EXTENSIONS? For years, MycoTaxon has published new records

of species extending a known range and ‘filling in the dots’ on the distribution map.

Last year we changed our requirements for range extension papers to ensure that

authors describe their actual collections and NOT recapitulate previously published

descriptions: we now require original specimen-based descriptions, specimens

examined section, illustrations, and “a brief discussion of similarities/differences

between the newly collected specimens and previously published descriptions and

data from the same species” (MycoTaxon 132(1): ix—x).

In a MycoTaxoON range extension paper, the terms specimens and species are

NOT interchangeable. The technical description should cover only characters actually

observed in the collected specimens. Following the description appear observations

of the habitats/substrates/associates of the specimens (NOT species). After the list

of SPECIMENS EXAMINED, the first sentence(s) should compare the specimens with

the type descriptions of the identified species (noting similarities/differences). Only

then should authors compare the species with other species to rule out look-alikes.

All statements in the final remarks section should be supported by a text reference

or references.

The most scientifically significant contribution of a range extension paper is the

comparison between the newly examined specimens and those described in the type

description (i.e., the ‘protologue’), as it provides information that might eventually

form the basis for a new species.

xl ... MYCOTAXON 133(1)

MYCOTAXON STYLE & THE AMPERSAND—Authors who recall Mycotaxon’s 20-page

author instruction PDF may wonder why these days we “suddenly” change a style

without a word of explanation. Your over-worked editors have found it easier simply

to make small stylistic changes without explaining why. Style—often regarded

quixotic at best—is a matter of editorial preference, if not eccentricity. In returning

my final editorial corrections, I have found it much quicker to make the changes

myself, often without a word of explanation but merely highlighting in blue those

NOT to be changed. Shaun usually DOES provide explanations in his nomenclatural

review notes, but there may be instances where a revision may seem unnecessary to

a perplexed author.

For the past several years, observant authors may have noticed an ampersand (&)

placed before the last author on their title page. However, the number of submissions

arriving with only commas separating a list of several authors suggested that the

symbol is unnecessary and serves no useful purpose. Henceforth, only commas

should separate a list of three or more authors. Norvell & Pennycook do, however,

retain the ampersand between two author names.

Do not worry about the fate of the lowly ampersand: we are making up for

eliminating ‘&’ from the author list by changing the ‘et al? construction to ‘& al’!

CrossREF PROBLEMS— We have detected more glitches in CrossRef, not yet updated

in our instructions. Those typing text into CrossRef in order to obtain DOI numbers

should Not enter apostrophes or letters with diacritical marks into the system. If you

do not receive a DOI for a publication that you know should have one, substitute plain

font (type “Jose” instead of José) and delete apostrophes (“ODonnell” for O’Donnell)

to obtain your number. We devoutly hope that CrossRef repairs its algorithms before

we have to revise our author instructions again.

SUBMISSION PROCEDURES HAVE CHANGED: For bookkeeping purposes, manuscript

authors are now asked to send all text and illustration files with the completed 2018

submission form to both the Nomenclature Editor and the Editor-in-Chief prior to

accessioning. All forms, including the reviewer forms, have changed; be certain to

send the 2018 expert comments forms to your reviewers. Please DELETE all older

[read: “antiquated and no longer acceptable”] Mycotaxon forms from your files.

Warm regards,

Lorelei L. Norvell (Editor-in-Chief)

18 April 2018

JANUARY-MARCH 2018. ... XIII

IN REMEMBRANCE

JosE MiGueL BAREA NAVARRO (1942-2018):

Professor Barea, a world leader in arbuscular

mycorrhizae honored throughout Spain, Europe,

and Latin America, was born in 1942 in Granada,

Spain, and died unexpectedly in Granada at age 76

on 3 April 2018

Barea obtained his pharmacist (1965) and

doctoral (1968) degrees from the Department of |

Soil Microbiology at the Experimental Station |

of Zaidin (EEZ), University of Granada. His |

doctoral thesis marked the beginning in Spain of

“bio-fertilizer” research in the phosphorus cycle

Courtesy o Concepcion Azcon de Aguilar

of soil and plants. Serving as Adjunct Professor of *

Microbiology at Granada until 1972 and Professor of the THgenanOnal Course of

Vegetal Biology during 1968-2012, José Miguel launched the International Course

in Plant Biology Edaphology (influence of soils on plants) and taught honors

courses at the Universities of Granada and Murcia on agricultural biology, sustainable

use and protection of the soil in Mediterranean environments, and research &

advances in microbiology in addition to 50 national and international postgraduate

courses in Spain, Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Cuba, Mexico, and Venezuela, supervising

33 doctoral theses along the way.

Promoted in 1984 to Research Professor of Spain's Higher Council for Scientific

Research (CSIC), which he directed for nine years (1989-1998), Barea also served

as consultant to the United Nations Food & Agriculture Organization (FAO) and

the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the International Foundation

for Science. In 2012 Professor Barea was admitted as Full Member of the Academy

of Mathematical, Physical-Chemical, and Natural Sciences of Granada, delivering

“Mycorrhizas and Climate Change” as his entrance lecture. His primary research

focused on basic, strategic, and applied studies of microorganisms beneficial to

plants in agriculture and natural ecosystems, with special emphasis on arbuscular

mycorrhizal fungi (fungus-plant symbiosis) and bacteria that promote plant

nutrition and health. He oriented his research towards the recovery of degraded

ecosystems and conservation of threatened and endemic flora, seeking alternatives

to the excessive use of agrochemicals and fungicides in agriculture.

In 2013 Chile’s University of La Frontera awarded José Miguel its prestigious

Rector’s Medal for pioneering work on mycorrhizae in Chile and Latin America and

his activities as founding member of the Doctorate in Natural Resources Sciences

and the Scientific Nucleus in Natural Resources (BIOREN-UFRO). He was also

XIv ... MYCOTAXON 133(1)

Source: www.ideal.es/miugr/

The Professor relaxing (temporarily) in Granada

awarded a research prize from the Caja General de Ahorros de Granada (1980)

and honorary professorship by the Faculty of Agronomy at Argentina's University

of Buenos Aires (2004). Professor Barea also served as President of the Organizing

Committee for the 4th European Conference on Mycorrhiza (Granada 1994) and of

the 5th International Conference on Mycorrhiza (Granada 2006).

‘signiadelRealejo

de la Corrala de Santiago es una de las mas famosas de esta fiesta [AL .

Fim Los vecinos colaboran activamente en su organizacién 9

Fritz Oehl

- af She :

ABOVE—LEEFT: An enthusiastic Fritz Oehl welcomes the esteemed host of ICOMS5 to Brazil’s ICOM6;

RIGHT: José Miguel performs with the Coro de Maria Auxiliadora on the balcony during the Andalusian

festival Dia de la Cruz. BELOw—LEET: The Dia de la Cruz courtyard; RIGHT: the infamous newspaper article

naming both long-standing (José Miguel, top right) & temporary (Fritz, below José) chorus members.

JANUARY-MARCH 2018 ... XV

Directing or participating in more than 30

research projects throughout Spain and _ the

European Union (and integrating Research

Groups from France, Spain, Morocco, Algeria,

and Tunisia) Barea was the author of 200 scientific

papers and chapters in 41 international books;

ResearchGate [www.researchgate.net/profile/Jose_

Barea] cites 121 research items.

In announcing Bareas passing, Estacién

Experimental del Zaidin Director Barén noted

that Barea’s disciples, scattered all over the world,

were attending the funeral, adding, “José Miguel

was the person who opened the station. I arrived

at seven in the morning. He loved his work and

also communicated very well what he was investigating and what he was doing.... He

A genial José Miguel in early 2018

was still working until two weeks ago.... José Miguel's death came as a shock to his

friends and colleagues, all of whom will miss his friendship, generosity, intelligence,

gallantry, good humor, and scientific leadership.”

MycotTaxon received the sad news from Dr. habil. Ewald Sieverding [Hans-

Ruthenberg Institute, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart]: “Prof. Dr José Miguel

Barea, Granada-Spain, died three days ago. He was a great researcher and teacher,

and promoted mycorrhizal studies and supported young researchers particularly

in Central- and South America. He was only 76 years old. I lost a great friend”

In responding with additional photos, Dr. Fritz Oehl [Agroscope, Bern] reminisced,

“José Miguel and I met about fifteen years ago. He was host of one of the first ICOM’s

in 2005 in Granada and presented in excellent manner the Andalusian lifestyle, the

music, dances, and food (including the famous tapas, which I confused with capas—

wall layers—so that during my one-hour lecture I kept talking about about tapas...).

He was a member of the Coro de Maria Auxiliadora in Realejo and regularly sang

‘Sevillanas’ with his friends. I later had the chance to work several times on weekly

to monthly bases in Granada with his great, lovely, and lively research group. I once

sang downtown with José-Miguel and his chorus on the day of the crosses (3 May),

one of the most important holidays in Granada. The next day I appeared together

with José-Miguel and all the REAL chorus members of the Chorus in the newspaper.’

Finally, in 2009 for ICOM6, it was my honor to pick up the famous host of ICOM5 at

the Belo Horizonte Airport. Small anecdotes, but nice memories.’

Mourning his passing, Director Dr. Maria de la Luz Mora commented, “José

Miguel was an example for all of us. A great gentleman, funny, a little crazy, but a

great scientist.” It seems fitting to close with that great scientist’s expressed desire

that science receive: “consideration and institutional and financial support from the

governments. This would allow incorporation of young researchers with new ideas

and a great abundance of energy and enthusiasm. Of course, I hope that in Andalusia

and the rest of Spain high-quality research will be developed that will help advance

Fritz Oehl

XVI ... MYCOTAXON 133(1)

knowledge at the global level but that will also result in society subsidizing science

and improving the environment. It will be important to cooperate with private

companies that would come to value technological advances and their applications,

thereby creating opportunities for employment.’ Vaya con Dios, José Miguel.

—LORELEI NORVELL

INTERNET SOURCES: http://www.ideal.es/miugr/fallece-jose-miguel-20180404221350-ntvo.html

LORENA ESPINOZA AREVALO: www.ufro.cl/index.php/noticias/12-destacadas/

FELICIANO ROBLES BLANCO: https://granadinosilustres.wikispaces.com/

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Welcome to

www.garylincoff.com

‘Millenium’ mushrooms:

Breitenbush, Oregon, 1999 This photo of a 2011 Woodlawn Cemetery

mushroom foray in the Bronx headlined

Lincoff’s NEw YorK TiMEs obituary.

Gary Henry LINcorF (1942-2018]: A philosophy major and law-school dropout

whose enthusiastic devotion to fungi transformed him into the “Pied-Piper of

Mushrooms” died unexpectedly of a stroke at age 75 on March 16 in Manhattan,

New York. Gary Lincoff, born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to optometrist Leonard

Lincoff and the former Bette Forman, is survived by wife and graphic designer Irene

Liberman, son Noah, and brother Bennett.

After obtaining his BA in philosophy from the University of Pittsburgh in 1963 and

escaping law school at George Washington University, Gary met his wife in 1967 while

pursuing graduate studies in English Lit at Pittsburgh. The couple moved to New York

City in 1968, where he backed into mycology while trying to figure out how to survive

on wild food collected in New York City’s Central Park. After sampling “acorn burgers,

pokeweed shoots, and Juneberry pies” (Andy Newman, NEw York TIMEs, 23 March

2018), Gary became smitten with mycology after eating nine wild mushrooms picked

during his first walk with the New York Mycological Society. After submerging himself

in the study of fungi in the 70s, Gary convinced the New York Botanical Garden

to offer a mushroom course to the public, with him as instructor. Dr. Roy Halling

(Curator of Mycology, NYBG Institute of Systematic Botany) noted that Lincoff

taught classes and led forays right up to the end. His fatal stroke occurred shortly after

holding what was to be his last winter tutorial on mushroom genera and species at the

COMA [Connecticut-Westchester Mycological Association] ‘Mushroom University:

JANUARY-MARCH 2018 ... XVII

The 1977 Lincoff & Mitchel Toxic AND HALLUCINOGENIC MUSHROOM

POISONING—A HANDBOOK FOR PHYSICIANS AND MUSHROOM HUNTERS proved

an invaluable resource for poison centers and mushroom identifiers alike; Gary

autographed my copy with “The old saying was ‘Beware of Greeks bearing gifts;’ the

new saying is ‘Beware of friends bearing Giftpilze.”

Next came Lincoff’s groundbreaking (and controversial) 1981 THE AUDUBON

SOCIETY FIELD GUIDE TO NORTH AMERICAN MusHrRooMs. The enthusiasm with

which mushroomers greeted 756 color photographs of mushrooms (most illustrated

for the first time) was soon drowned out by purists who heartily disliked photos

bearing only ‘common’ names. Vituperation soon fell on Gary, who protested that the

naming faux pas was dictated by the Audubon Society, which refused to realize that

serious mushroomers (unlike birders) used ONLY Latin to name their species. He had

pointed out in vain that most species photographed did NOT have common names,

but in the face of Audubon inflexibility, he set about zestfully inventing ‘common

names. I spent a few weeks printing tiny Latin names onto Avery labels that I cut and

pasted onto the photos, considerably thickening the volume (inscribed by Gary in

1982 with “ To Lorelei, Hope you like this guide and find it useful”). Gary thoroughly

enjoyed inventing ‘Dirty Trich’ for the poisonous Tricholoma pardinum and “Sweet

Tooth for Hydnum (as Dentinum) repandum, but Dr. Daniel Stuntz was less amused

by ‘Stuntz’s Blue Legs’ for Psilocybe stuntzii. As the hue and cry over nomenclature

reached deafening proportions, Gary climbed the battlements to proclaim that

common names were a Goop thing, and besides, just how immutable was Latin-

based nomenclature, anyway? [Touché.] In the long run, it made little difference.

Nomenclaturalists and pothunters alike riffled his photos for something resembling

the specimen in hand, turning diligently to the onion skin pages to compare their find

with the technical description listed by a Latin name complete with author epithets,

family, and order. The book continues to be a rousing success, as its 31 printings attest.

Lincoff’s international renown as mushroom guru evolved from his association

with the North American Mycological Association [NAMA]—which he served as

second president for nine years (1979-1988), leader of mycological treks through

Linnea Gillman

Maggie Rogers

Gary Lincoff on foray: (from the NAMA files on newmexicomyco.org/): LEFT: questioning Rolf Singer about any

new segregate genera in1984; CENTER: congratulating New Mexicoss Chuck Barrows on becoming a Boletus at

Canaan Valley in 1985; RiGHT: consulting with Aileen Stanley regarding the absolute dearth of Idaho mushrooms

before the 1986 Priest Lake foray (during which it poured buckets—too late to produce mushrooms, of course).

Xvul ... MYCOTAXON 133(1)

Source: wpamushroomclub.org/lincoff-foray/

Scott Redhead

LEFT: During the 1998 Harry D. Thiers Foray at Asilomar, Gary and Lorelei resume their on-going wrangle

over mushroom nomenclature—common and otherwise. RiGHT: Gary expounds on fungi at the 2017

Western Pennsylvania Mushroom Club annual foray, renamed after his death to the The Gary Lincoff

Memorial Foray to be held in 2018 on September 15.

more than 30 countries (“on every continent except Antarctica’), and participation in

almost every foray held across America. He was awarded the 1986 NAMA Award for

Contributions to Amateur Mycology, an award renamed as The Gary Lincoff Award

for Contributions to Amateur Mycology in 2015; he was also the first recipient of the

Mycological Society of America’s Gordon & Tina Wasson Award in 2017.

Gary bounded into my life the first time at the 1982 Southern Idaho Mushroom

Association Priest Lake foray. Every year thereafter he officially (or otherwise)

entertained Oregon Mycological Society meetings and forays: one year he cooked and

served a delicious Amanita calyptrata to willing OMS forayers (definitely flaunting

our dictum that NO amanita was safe to eat), a custom begun at Colorados ‘Edibility

Unknown party at the Telluride Mushroom Festival he helped establish with Andrew

Weil, Emmanuel Salzman, and Paul Stamets in 1981. Before the 1986 OMS Fall Foray

Gary joined our Oregon Cantharellus Study Project crew in Mt. Hood's Bull Run

Watershed to select promising chanterelle sites. The square 64 m? control ‘Lincoff

Plot’ proved so prolific that we soon changed its name to Hell Plot, as we struggled to

measure each of 100+ fruitbodies every two weeks from May to December without

touching the ground, thereby establishing that individual chanterelles do ‘live’ a VERY

long time. Then there was the 1990 Whistler (British Columbia) NAMA Foray when

Vancouver Mycological Society’s Paul Kroeger ‘rudely’ interrupted a slightly tedious

and definitely long-winded hand-puppet performance to yank protesting puppeteer

Lincoff off the stage by the neck with a long hook. Gary departed with good grace,

and the hooting crowd loved it.

Very few mushroomers warrant a NEw YORK TIMEs obituary, but that was Gary—

a born raconteur and always memorable. We will all miss the mushrooming gadfly

of Manhattan.

—LORELEI NORVELL

ADDITIONAL INTERNET SOURCE: http://wpamushroomclub.org/lincoff-foray/

JANUARY-MARCH 2018 ... XIX

FRANZ CHR. OBERWINKLER (1939-2018]:

Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Oberwinkler, born on 22

May 1939 near Salzburg in Bad Reichenhall of

Germany's Upper Bavarian alps, died after a short

illness on March 15 in Tubingen. He is survived

by wife Barbara, sons and daughters Johannes,

Clemens, Michaela, and Claudia and _ their

spouses, and ten grandchildren. News of the death

of the world-renowned heterobasidiomycete

specialist rapidly reached MycoTaxon ina series

of Email forwards. Prof. Marc-André Selosse

[Museum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris]

sent “the sad news of the death of a great German

mycologist and my friend, Franz Oberwinkler”

to Mycologia Europaea, accompanied by details

from Dr. Michael Weifs [Steinbeis Innovations

GmbH, Germany], Oberwinkler’s former

student and colleague, who wrote that although a fast-growing and inoperable brain

tumor greatly impaired his abilities to communicate during his last six weeks, Prof.

Oberwinkler remained fully aware until he died. “He was a great teacher and inspired

many. I owe him much.”

After earning his PhD in 1965 at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich

under the supervision of Josef Poelt, he became a research assistant and lecturer at

the university's Institute of Systematic Botany in 1967, advancing to professor in

1972. In 1968-1969, he also served as Scientific Expert for the Food and Agriculture

Organization at the Insituto Forestal Latino-Americana in Mérida, Venezuela. In

1974 he was appointed Chair of Systematic Botany and Mycology at the University

of Tiibingen, serving as Director of the Botanischer Garten der Universitat Tubingen

until his retirement in 2008. After his retirement Oberwinkler remained an active

Professor Emeritus of the university’s Organismic Botany Group. In 2002 as Editor-

in-Chief Oberwinkler founded MycoLOGICAL PROGRESS, a journal he continued to

edit until his death.

Although specializing in heterobasidiomycetes, Oberwinkler researched the

morphology, ecology, and phylogeny of all basidiomycetes, co/authoring 340

publications between 1962 and 2010. Two projects funded by the German Research

Foundation were “Sebacinales distribution patterns in plant communities” and

“Systematics of plants and fungi.” Those interested in Oberwinkler’s impressive

list of 509 research items [including two books: BAsIDIOLICHENS (2012) and

DAS NEUE SYSTEM DER BASIDIOMYCETEN (1977)] should consult his ResearchGate site

—www.researchgate.net/profile/Franz_Oberwinkler—citing the 2017 paper published

only five months ago in Nova Hepwicia by Kirschner, Oberwinkler & Hofmann

describing a new species of Globulisebacina from Taiwan.

64692

Source: https://www.zobodat.at/personen.php?id

Xx ... MYCOTAXON 133(1)

An extremely cursory glance through INDEXFUNGORUM and a few of the papers

posted on ResearchGate suggests it may take some time to calculate the actual

number of taxa citing “Oberw.’ as author or co-author. After thirty minutes (and

consulting fewer than 30 papers) I counted one phylum (Entorrhizomycota), two

subphyla, 8 classes, 22 orders, 12 families, 23 genera, and 69 species—an estimate that

undoubtedly falls far short of the actual number. Wikipedia [https://en.wikipedia.

org/wiki/Franz_Oberwinkler] lists five names honoring Oberwinkler: Amanita

oberwinkleriana, Sphaerobasidioscypha oberwinkleri, Thecaphora oberwinkleri,

Uromyces oberwinklerianus, and the genus Oberwinkleria.

4 i

“My ee -

ae \: ,

‘ ~~ ‘ mi f= ‘ b

“id ~

INTERNATIONAL MYCOLOGICAL CONGRESS V—CANADA, 21 AUGUST 1994: Franz Oberwinkler is announced

as incoming President of the International Mycological Association at the final General Assembly of IMC V, held

on the campus of the University of British Columbia in Vancouver.

”

)

is}

Oberwinkler’s mycological reputation is formidable and far-reaching. He

participated in all International Mycological Congresses, serving as President of

the International Mycological Association from 1994-1998. A world-traveler, he

also visited many mycological societies, and was made an Honorary Member of

the Mycological Society of America in 2005. Five years later, he was awarded the

De Bary Medal for outstanding career research in mycology, at the 2010 IMC in

Edinburgh, Scotland. The nominating letter by Michael WeifS and Dr. Robert Bauer

[1950-2014] noted his contributions to all areas of fungal research: “Besides his

overwhelming scientific output, he is a great teacher and many of his scholars have

become influential mycologists as well. Franz Oberwinkler had a major impact on

our understanding of the systematics of basidiomycetes. Inspired by a deep interest

in detailed morphology and anatomy of basidia and basidiocarp ontogeny and their

comparative analysis his work revolutionarised basidiomycete systematics at the

higher levels, by investigating morphology, physiology, and genetics to clarify the

primary evolutionary trends in basidiomycetes. Our modern view on Basidiomycota

is highly influenced by his work.” Subsequently in 2013 Oberwinkler was among the

first nine mycologists named as IMA Fellows for outstanding contribution to the

advancement of mycology at an international level.

JANUARY-MARCH 2018 ... XXI

I was fortunate to encounter Prof. Oberwinkler personally several times over the

years, initially finding him somewhat reserved but courtly. Knowing his reputation,

I particularly appreciated his kind words during the 1999 International Botanical

Congress mycology poster sessions in St. Louis and his gracious interest in the

biodiversity of epigeous ectomycorrhizal basidiomycetes in Oregon's Douglas-fir

Lorelei Norvell

Courtesy of Lorelei Norvell

IMC VIII pRE-CONGRESS FORAYS—AUSTRALIA, 19-20 AUGUST, 2006: Top left: DAINTREE RAINFOREST

Foray. Barbara & Franz Oberwinkler and two other hardy interlopers scout the river bank well beyond the

crocodile DANGER sign. LAKE BARRINE MESA HIGHLANDS Foray. Top center: A deadly taipan races across

the road—fortunately on the other side of our van windshield. Top right: Hovering on the road, Bernhard

Oertel, Oberwinkler, and Meredith Blackwell consult our guide regarding snakes in the Bush. Center: Barbara

greets a friendly wallaby. Bottom: Fourteen brave forayers—front row: three congenial family members

(Australia), Lorelei Norvell (USA), Dmitry Schigel (Finland); middle row: Scott Redhead (Canada), Fungi

Perfecti (USA), Cheryl Grgurinovic (Australia); Paul Stamets & Dusty Yao (USA), Bernhard Oertl (Germany),

Meredith Blackwell (USA); back row: Barabara & Franz Oberwinkler (Germany) + one giant termite mound

(Queensland).

XXII ... MYCOTAXON 133(1)

www.ima-mycology.org/ congresses/ imc-8

IMC VII—CAIRNS CONFERENCE CENTER, 23 AUGUST

2006. The Oberwinklers shepherd Dilzara Aghayeva

(Azerbaijan) through a late afternoon social.

forests at the 2002 IMC7 in Oslo. Much more relaxed during the 2006 IMC8 Daintree

and Lake Barrine forays at Cairns, he and his wife Barbara thoroughly submerged

themselves in the wilds of Queensland, roaring right to the rivers edge whilst ignoring

the STAY BACK crocodile alert signs, feeding wallabies, inspecting giant termite

mounds, hiking past a towering giant Banyan on Lake Barrine, and looking for

tree kangaroos by flashlight under the southern cross. During a quiet chat between

lectures, he exposed his mentoring skills when he introduced me to an Azerbaijani

student (now Dr.) who would eventually contribute to MycoTAxon.

www.ima-mycology.org/congresses/imc-9

IMC IX CLOSING CEREMONY—EDINBRUGH, 20 AUGUST, 2010:

Mike Wingfield (South Africa) & retiring IMA President Pedro Crous

(The Netherlands) greet the new De Bary Medal winner in Usher Hall.

It seems fitting that my last memory is of a beaming Franz receiving the De Bary

Medal in Edinburgh in 2010. A true mycological giant has left us.

—LORELEI NORVELL

Additional internet sources: https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Franz_Oberwinkler

www.uni-tuebingen.de/en/faculties/faculty-of-science/

IMA Funeus 1(1): 19-100 & 1(2): 15 [www.ingentaconnect.com/content/ima/imafung]

[Dr. Robert Bauer In Memoriam] https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11557-015-1120-5

JANUARY-MARCH 2018 ... XXIII

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MY COTAXON

January-March 2018—Volume 133, pp. 1-7

https://doi.org/10.5248/133.1

A vulnerable thelephoroid fungus, Lenzitopsis oxycedri,

on Cupressus sempervirens in Algeria

SOUHILA AOUALI *?', BENALIA OUANOUKI?,

IMANE BOUTELBA’, LORENZO PECORARO 4

‘Plant Pathology and Mycology Laboratory, National Institute of Forest Research,

PO. Box 37, Cheraga, Algiers, Algeria

? Department of Forestry, National School of Agronomy Kasdi Merbah,

Hassan Badi Avenue, El Harrach, Algiers, Algeria

° Protected Reserve of Zeralda, Zeralda, Algiers, Algeria

* State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology,

Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: s.aouali@st.ensa.dz

ABSTRACT—Lenzitopsis oxycedri, a white rot basidiomycete, is reported in Algeria for the

first time, collected in the protected reserve of Zeralda, near Algiers, on living Cupressus

sempervirens, a previously unrecorded host. More than 50 years after the original description

of the species (from a Moroccan specimen), this is the second report from North Africa.

Key worps—Cupressaceae, Juniperus, Thelephorales, southern Mediterranean, wood-decay

fungus

Introduction

Lenzitopsis oxycedri was described by Malencon & Bertault (1963), based on

a specimen collected on Juniperus oxycedrus L. from the Moroccan Rif in North

Africa. The specimen was characterized by perennial, resupinate to effuse

reflexed basidiocarps, a monomitic hyphal system, and globose to subglobose

finely warted basidiospores, yellow to pale brown in KOH. This original

description supported the segregation of Lenzitopsis Malencon & Bertault as a

monotypic genus in Thelephorales.

Malencon & Bertault (1963), who described both macro- and microscopic

characteristics of the species in detail, provided a Latin diagnosis. However,

2 ... Aouali & al.

TABLE 1. Published and herb. MA-fungi records of Lenzitopsis oxycedri

YEAR COUNTRY = JUNIPERUS sp. ALTITUDE (m) RECORDS REFERENCE

1963 Morocco J. oxycedrus 900 1 Malencon & Bertault (1963)

1979-1980 Spain J. oxycedrus 750-1050 3 Garcia-Manjon & Moreno (1981)

J. thurifera

1982 Morocco Juniperus sp. 1360 1 Telleria (1984)

1986-2006 Spain J. oxycedrus 620-1460 22 herb. MA-Fungi

J. thurifera

J. phoenicea

1991 Spain J. thurifera 1050 1 Ryvarden (1991) - neotype

2000 Italy J. oxycedrus 850 2 Bernicchia (2000)

2003 Turkey J. foetidissima 1400 2 Dogan et al. (2007)

2005 Turkey J. foetidissima 1100-1200 2 Dogan et al. (2011)

2010 Macedonia J. foetidissima 1200 3 Karadelev et al. (2013)

because the holotype specimen on which their description was based had been

lost, Ryvarden (1991) considered both genus and species as invalid, proposing

instead Lenzitella malenconii Ryvarden as a gen. & sp. nov. [both mistakenly

designated as “nom. nov.’] and designating a Spanish specimen on Juniperus

thurifera L. as holotype. This reassignment of names was later challenged by

Stalpers (1993), who stated:

“Lenzitopsis has been considered as invalidly published because no type species

was indicated (Art. 37.1), and L. oxycedri because it was published in an invalidly

published genus. However, Lenzitopsis was published with one species only,

which was newly described and thus the description of L. oxycedri meets the

conditions for a descriptio generico-specifico (Art. 42.1) and thus both genus and

species are validly published”

Today, Lenzitopsis oxycedri is the accepted name, with Lenzitella malenconii

regarded as a superfluous homotypic synonym, and Ryvarden’s (1991)

designation of a Spanish “holotype” and “isotype” is corrected to “neotype” and

“isoneotype.’

The records of L. oxycedri, summarized in TABLE 1, show that this species

has been reported from only five countries in >50 years.

According to Malencon & Bertault (1963), L. oxycedri has small discrete

basidiocarps, which make it easy to overlook. The authors reported the species

Lenzitopsis oxycedri (Algeria) ... 3

on J. oxycedrus at a single site in the Moroccan Rif; later examinations of

J. oxycedrus and J. thurifera in the Rif and the Middle Atlas failed to find other

occurrences (Malencon & Bertault 1963). Lenzitopsis oxycedri has been reported

as either a saprobe or a parasite, exclusively on Juniperus spp. (Malencon &

Bertault 1963; Garcia-Manjon & Moreno 1981; Telleria 1984; Ryvarden 1991;

Bernicchia 2000; Dogan & al. 2007, 2011; Karadelev & al. 2013). Here we report

the first record of L. oxycedri in Algeria, growing on Cupressus sempervirens L.

(Mediterranean cypress), a previously unknown host tree.

Materials & methods

Lenzitopsis oxycedri was collected in April 2017, in two different sites within the

protected reserve of Zeralda, near Algiers, Algeria: (1) from Cupressus sempervirens

(“fastigiata”), growing in a mixed stand of Quercus ilex L., Quercus suber L., and Pistacia

lentiscus L.; (2) from C. sempervirens (“fastigiata” and “horizontalis”) in a pure stand of

Mediterranean cypress. Both sites are located around an artificial lake. Ecological data

were noted, in both sites, for habitat description.

Identification was based on macro- and microscopic observations on fresh

basidiomata, following the descriptions of Malengon & Bertault (1963), Ryvarden

& Gilbertson (1993), Dogan & al. (2007), and Pérez Gorjon & Bernicchia (2008).

Macromorphological characters were observed using a LEICA S8APO stereomicroscope.

Microscopic detailed analysis was performed using an OptiKa T3-I5A scientific

microscope equipped with a Moticam-2000 camera. Basidiospores were examined in

Melzer’s reagent. Measurements were performed using Mycometre free license software.

The studied material is conserved at the University of Tartu Herbarium, Estonia (TU).

Taxonomy

Lenzitopsis oxycedri Malencon & Bertault,

Bull. Soc. Mycol. Fr. 79: 82 (1963) Figs 1-5

Type: Spain, Guadalajara, Tamajon, on living Juniperus thurifera, 26 Apr. 1991, leg, G.

Moreno & L. Gonzaga (Neotype, ALC; isoneotype, O; designated by Ryvarden 1991).

= Lenzitella malenconii Ryvarden, Syn. Fung. 5: 174 (1991)

BASIDIOCARPS lignicolous, perennial, adnate, resupinate to pileate, flexible

when fresh, brittle and fragile when dry, 3-5 cm wide, and 5-7 mm thick.

PILEAL SURFACE dark brown with a narrow clear margin, sub-zonate, glabrous

and black when old; HyMENOPHORE thick 3-10 mm, lamellate, lenzitoid,

lamellae raduloid, incised, subulate or sinuous with toothed margin, at first

yellowish, then ochraceous to brown with accumulated spores, cracked when

old, sides with yellowish stromatic projections. CONTEXT whitish, corky, dry,

soft, fragile, thin, covered with a spongy black cortex; SPORE DEPOsIT brown.

4 ... Aouali & al.

Fics 1-4. Lenzitopsis oxycedri on Cupressus sempervirens (TU124571 & TU124572). 1. Pileate

basidiocarps. 2. Resupinate basidiocarps. 3. Subzonate pileus. 4. Yellowish stromatic projections.

Lenzitopsis oxycedri (Algeria) ... 5

10 um

Fic. 5. Lenzitopsis oxycedri (TU124571 & TU124572).

a. Spores. b. Basidia and basidioles. c. Context generative hyphae. d. Pileus generative hyphae.

HYPHAL SYSTEM monomitic, generative hyphae fibrous, intersecting, pale

brown in pileus, hyaline elsewhere, 2.5-5 um diam, moderately branched, thin-

walled, in age with brown crystals that turn to bluish-green in KOH. Cystip1a

absent; Basip1a tetrasporic, clavate then elongate to sinuous, tube-like, 40-77

um long, clamped at base; BAstprosporEs globose to subglobose, pale brown,

thick-walled, finely warted, predominantly with small inamyloid inner pigment

crystals, 5.7-7.5 x 4.6-7.5 um.

HasitatT—Growing >2 m above the ground on bark, branches, and cracks

of living Cupressus sempervirens, at 49-80 m altitude, uncommon, known only

from two sites within a protected reserve.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: ALGERIA, ALGIERS, Protected Reserve of Zeralda, growing

at the base of branches of living Cupressus sempervirens (“fastigiata”), 4 Apr. 2017,

leg. S. Aouali (TU124571); growing on trunks and branches of living C. sempervirens

(“fastigiata” and “horizontalis”), 11 Apr. 2017, leg. S. Aouali (TU124572).

COMMENTS—Dai & al. (2007) recorded four collections of Lenzitella malenconii

[= Lenzitopsis oxycedri] from widely separated localities in China; however,

these were subsequently described as a new species, Lenzitopsis daii L.W. Zhou

& Koljalg, which differs from L. oxycedri by its annual basidiocarps, amyloid

spores, and LSU-rDNA sequence analyses placing it in a well-supported

separate clade (Zhou & Koljalg 2013). These authors stated that the position of

6 ... Aouali & al.

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Fic. 6. Geographical distribution of Lenzitopsis oxycedri records.

Lenzitopsis is not yet resolved as either Thelephoraceae or Bankeraceae, the only

two families currently accepted in Thelephorales (Kirk & al. 2008).

The geographical distribution of L. oxycedri (Fic. 6) is limited to the

Mediterranean basin, particularly along the northern shore, from Spain, Italy,

Macedonia and Turkey. This species has been reported to grow as a saprobe or

parasite, and causing white rot on four Juniperus spp. (TABLE 1). Our report of

this wood-decaying fungus in Algeria expands its distribution in the southern

side of the Mediterranean, where it grows on living Cupressus sempervirens, at

much lower altitudes (49-80 m) than all previous records (620-1460 m). This

new host species suggests new perspectives for further mycological studies in

areas characterized by the presence of other Cupressaceae, on which the fungus

could potentially grow. Ecological data from the different habitats where

L. oxycedri has been recorded should be compared, to clarify its chorology.

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Leif Ryvarden and Alessandro Saitta for reviewing this article.

We also thank Lei Cai for constructive comments on a previous draft of the manuscript.

The authors gratefully thank the forestry staff of the Protected Reserve of Zeralda,

for their help and for offering all logistical tools in conducting the field observations.

L. Pecoraro acknowledges CAS 153211KYSB20160029 for supporting his research at

Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Literature cited

Bernicchia A. 2000. Wood-inhabiting aphyllophoraceous fungi on Juniperus spp. in Italy.

Mycotaxon 75: 241-256.

Lenzitopsis oxycedri (Algeria) ... 7

Dai YC, Yu CJ, He W. 2007. Lenzitella—a polypore genus new to China. Fungal Science

22(1-2): 47-50.

Dogan HH, Karadelev M, Isiloglu M, Oztiirk C. 2007. Lenzitopsis oxycedri Malencon & Bertault

(Thelephoraceae, Basidiomycota), a very rare wood-decay fungus collected in Turkey. Turkish

Journal of Botany 31: 349-352.

Dogan HH, Karadelev M, Isiloglu M. 2011. Macrofungal diversity associated with the scale-leaf

juniper trees, Juniperus excelsa and J. foetidissima, distributed in Turkey. Turkish Journal of

Botany 35: 219-237.

Garcia-Manjon JL, Moreno G. 1981. Estudios sobre Aphyllophorales. I. Fructificationes sobre

Juniperus. Anales del Jardin Botanico de Madrid 37(2): 407-416.

Karadelev M, Rusevska K, Avramovski O. 2013. Lenzitopsis oxycedri (Thelephoraceae,

Basidiomycota): newly recorded for the Balkan Peninsula. Mycotaxon 123: 369-373.

https://doi.org/10.5248/123.369

Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA. 2008. Dictionary of the fungi, 10th edition.

CABI Publishing, UK.

Malencon G, Bertault R. 1963. Lenzitopsis oxycedri Malencon et Bertault, genre nouveau et espéce

nouvelle d’Aphyllophorales a spores colorées. Bulletin de la Société Mycologique de France

79: 75-82.

Pérez Gorjon S, Bernicchia A. 2008. Algunas especies raras 0 interesantes de Aphyllophorales s.1.

que fructifican sobre Juniperus oxycedrus en el Parque Natural de Arribes del Duero (Salamanca,

Espana). Boletin Micol6gico de FAMCAL 3: 61-71.

Ryvarden L. 1991. Genera of polypores, nomenclature and taxonomy. Synopsis Fungorum 5.

Fungiflora, Oslo, Norway. 363 p.

Ryvarden L, Gilbertson RL. 1993. European polypores. Part 1, Abortiporus - Lindtneria. Synopsis

Fungorum 6. Fungiflora, Oslo, Norway. 367 p

Stalpers JA. 1993. The aphyllophoraceous fungi I. Keys to the species of the Thelephorales. Studies

in Mycology 35. 168 p.

Telleria MT. 1984. Aphyllophorales in itinere per Maroccanum Regnum a nobis lectae. Anales del

Jardin Botanico de Madrid 40(2): 303-319.

Zhou LW, Koljalg U. 2013. A new species of Lenzitopsis (Thelephorales, Basidiomycota) and its

phylogenetic placement. Mycoscience 54(1): 87-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.myc.2012.06.002

MY COTAXON

January-March 2018—Volume 133, pp. 9-13

https://doi.org/10.5248/133.9

Arachnophora longa sp. nov., a freshwater hyphomycete

from far north Queensland, Australia

SALLY C. FRYAR’* & KEVIN D. HYDE?

‘College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University,

GPO Box 2100, Adelaide 5001, Australia

? Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University,

Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: sally.fryar@flinders.edu.au

AsBstRAct—Arachnophora longa, collected from submerged wood in far north Queensland,

Australia, is described and illustrated as a new species. It is distinguished from other members

of the genus by possessing macroconidia with long appendages (“arms”).

Key worps—anamorphic fungi, biodiversity, dematiaceous hyphomycete, lignicolous fungi,

taxonomy

Introduction

During a survey of freshwater fungi on wood in streams in far north

Queensland, a distinctive fungus was collected on submerged wood. The

conidiogenesis and morphology of the conidia place this fungus in the genus

Arachnophora Hennebert (Hennebert 1963). However, the fungus shows clear

differences from previously described Arachnophora species and is therefore

described as new to science.

Materials & methods

Samples of submerged wood less than 5 cm in diameter were collected from

Oliver Creek, north Queensland, placed into sealed plastic bags, and returned to the

laboratory. The collection site had a rocky base with shallow, running water and thick

native riparian vegetation. Samples were then incubated in sterile plastic containers

and regularly examined for fungi using a Leica MZ7s dissecting microscope. When

noted, fungi were photographed, described, and transferred to a microscope slide with

10 ... Fryar & Hyde

Fic. 1. Arachnophora longa (holotype, BRI AQ522463). A: Colonies on natural substrate while

fresh. B: Colonies on natural substrate after drying. C: Conidiophores. D-F: Macroconidia with

microconidial synanamorph. Scale bars: A, B = 200 um; C-F = 10 um.

a drop of distilled water and cover slip. This slide was examined using either a Leica

DMLS compound microscope with phase contrast or a Nikon Eclipse Ni with difference

interference contrast. Photographs were taken using either a Sony RX-100 or Lumenera

Infinity 3 camera. Drawings were made with the assistance of a Nikon Y-IDT drawing

tube at 100x.

Taxonomy

Arachnophora longa Fryar & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Figs 1, 2

MycoBank MB 823958

Differs from Arachnophora combuensis by its longer macroconidial arms and its slightly

larger microconidia; and from A. polyradiata by its fewer but longer macroconidial

arms.

Type: Australia, Queensland, Cape Tribulation, Oliver Creek, 16.137°S 145.440°E,

on submerged wood, 7 Oct 2015, collector S. Fryar (Holotype, BRI AQ522463).

Erymo.ocy: Latin longa, referring to the relatively long macroconidial arms.

Arachnophora longa sp. nov. (Australia) ... 11

Fic. 2. Arachnophora longa (holotype, BRI AQ522463).

Conidiophores, macroconidia, and microconidia. Scale bars =10 um.

CONIDIOPHORES macronematous, mononematous, brown, erect, unbranched,

cylindrical, smooth, 1-4-septate, no constrictions at the septa, with percurrent

proliferation, slightly bulbous at the base, single, 46-102 x 5-7.5 um.

CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS monoblastic, integrated, terminal, cylindrical, smooth,

pale brown to hyaline. MAcROcONIDIA staurosporous, acrogenous, solitary,

brown, dry, smooth, complex, composed of [i] a basal cell that is obconical,

truncate, pale brown, and with a minute basal frill as a result of rhexolytic

dehiscence and [ii] an irregular two-celled central body of 17-23 x 11-19 um;

each central cell giving rise to 1-3 brown to pale brown lateral cells, 6-9 x 5-9

uum, each in turn giving rise to a single fertile, tapering, hyaline arm, 16-43 x

2-3 um, usually aseptate (occasionally 1-septate), 3-5 arms per macroconidium.

SYNANAMORPH: the apical cell of each macroconidial arm producing hyaline,

aseptate, 5-10 x 1 um, fusiform to clavate microconidia with minute denticles

at their tip.

Comments - Arachnophora was established by Hennebert (1963) for the type

species, A. fagicola, growing on decaying cupules of Fagus sylvatica. Currently,

there are ten species recognized in the genus. Of these species, A. longa most

12 ... Fryar & Hyde

resembles A. polyradiata, which differs by its longer (<150 um) conidiophores

and more numerous (5-7) and shorter (15-20 um) macroconidial arms (Mercado

Sierra & Castafieda Ruiz 1984, Castafeda Ruiz & al. 1997). Three species—

A. fagicola, A. pulneyensis, A. uberisporoides—do not produce a synanamorph

(Hennebert 1963, Subramanian & Bhat 1987, Castaneda Ruiz & al. 1997) and

are therefore distinct from A. longa. Macroconidia of A. combuensis, A. crassa,

A. dinghuensis, A. goanensis, A. hughesii, and A. polybrachiata have fewer and

shorter arms than A. longa, among other distinguishing characters (Révay

& Goénczdl 1989, Castaheda Ruiz & Guarro 1999, Pratibha & al. 2011, Leao-

Ferreira & al. 2013, Ma & al. 2014, Monteiro & al. 2014).

Arachnophora species are usually found on decaying leaves, wood, bark, or

pods on forest floors (e.g., Kirk 1981, Matsushima 1993, Castaneda Ruiz & al.

1997, Pratibha & al. 2011, Ma & al. 2014). However, there have previously been

reports of this genus on submerged wood in freshwater habitats (Tsui & al.

2000, Monteiro & al. 2014).

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the Queensland Government for allowing us to collect

samples. We also thank Dr Eric McKenzie and Dr Jian Ma for serving as presubmission

reviewers and for providing helpful comments and suggestions.

Literature cited

Castaneda Ruiz RF, Guarro J. 1999 [“1998”]. Two new hyphomycetes from rainforests of Cuba.

Canadian Journal of Botany 76(9): 1584-1588. https://doi.org/10.1139/b98-095

Castafieda Ruiz RF, Gams W, Saikawa M. 1997. Three new conidial fungi (hyphomycetes) from

Cuba. Nova Hedwigia 64: 473-483.

Hennebert GL. 1963. Un hyphomycéte nouveau Arachnophora fagicola gen. nov. spec. nov.

Canadian Journal of Botany 41(8): 1165-1169. https://doi.org/10.1139/b63-097

Kirk PM. 1981. New or interesting microfungi I. Dematiaceous hyphomycetes from Devon.

Transactions of the British Mycological Society 76: 71-87.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-1536(81)80010-1

Leao-Ferreira SM, Gusmao LFP, de Almeida DAC, Castafieda Ruiz RF. 2013. Conidial fungi from

the semi-arid Caatinga biome of Brazil. Three new species and new records. Nova Hedwigia

96: 479-494. https://doi.org/10.1127/0029-5035/2013/0084

Ma J, Xia JW, Zhang XG, Castafieda Ruiz RF. 2014. Arachnophora dinghuensis sp. nov.

and Websteromyces inaequale sp. nov., and two new records of anamorphic fungi

from dead branches of broad-leaved trees in China. Mycoscience 55(5): 329-335.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.myc.2013.11.007

Matsushima T. 1993. Matsushima Mycological Memoirs. 7; 75 p. Published by the author, Kobe

Mercado Sierra A, Castafieda Ruiz RF. 1984. Cacahualia polyradiata, un hifomicete nuevo con

conidios estaurosporicos. Revista del Jardin Botanico Nacional, Universidad de la Habana

(5)1: 89-101.

Arachnophora longa sp. nov. (Australia) ... 13

Monteiro J, Gusmao LFP, Castafeda Ruiz RF 2014. A new species of Arachnophora

from submerged wood in the Amazon rainforest, Brazil. Mycotaxon 128: 127-130.

https://doi.org/10.5248/128.127

Pratibha J, Bhat DJ, Raghukumar S. 2011. Four anamorphic fungi (with two new species) from

forests of Western Ghats, India. Mycotaxon 117: 269-278. https://doi.org/10.5248/117.269

Révay A, G6énczol J. 1989. Some dematiaceous hyphomycetes from woody-litter in Hungary.

Nova Hedwigia 48: 237-245.

Subramanian CV, Bhat DJ. 1987 Hyphomycetes from South India I. Some new taxa. Kavaka

15: 41-74.

Tsui CKM, Hyde KD, Hodgkiss IJ. 2000. Biodiversity of fungi on submerged wood in Hong

Kong streams. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 21: 289-298. https://doi.org/10.3354/ame021289

MY COTAXON

January-March 2018—Volume 133, pp. 15-21

https://doi.org/10.5248/133.15

Graphis nudanorsticta sp. nov. and

two new records of Graphis spp. from China

Qi-DoNG WANG, XIAO-HAN Wu, XIN ZHAO, ZE-FENG JIA"

College of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: Zffia2008@163.com

ABsTRACT—Three lichen species are reported from China: Graphis nudanorsticta is proposed

as a new species, while G. caribica and G. contortuplicata represent new records for China.

KEY worps—Ascomycota, Lecanoromycetes, Ostropales, Graphidaceae, taxonomy

Introduction

Ninety species of the lichen genus Graphis Adans. have been reported from

China (Wei 1991; Aptroot & Seaward 1999; Aptroot & Sipman 2001; Aptroot &

Sparrius 2003; Seaward & Aptroot 2005; Joshi & al. 2015; Jia & Wei 2011, 2016;

Jia & Litcking 2017a,b). In this paper, following the new genus concept (Staiger

2002; Liicking & al. 2009), we propose Graphis nudanorsticta as a new species

and report G. caribica and G. contortuplicata as new records for China.

Materials & methods

Specimens were collected from Anhui and Guangxi Provinces, Southern China,

and deposited in Lichen Herbarium of the College of Life Sciences, Liaocheng

University, Shandong, China (LCU). Morphological and anatomical studies were

conducted as described in Jia & Wei (2016).

Taxonomy

Graphis nudanorsticta Z.F. Jia & Q.D. Wang, sp. nov. Pia,

FUNGAL NAME FN 570491

Differs from Graphis pedunculata by its smaller ascospores and corticolous thallus.

16 ... Wang & al.

PLaTE 1. Graphis nudanorsticta (holotype, LCU: AH17106). A. Thallus with apothecia; B. Cross

section of apothecium; C. Ascus containing ascospores; D. Ascospore. Scale bars: A = 1 mm;

B = 100 um; C, D = 50 um.

Type: China. Anhui Province, Huangshan City, Mt. Huangshan, Yungu Temple,

30°07’N 118°10°E, alt. 1600 m, 18/VI/2017, Q.D. Wang AH17106 (Holotype, LCV).

EtyMo.LoGcy: The epithet refers to the nuda-morph lirellae and the presence of

norstictic acid.

THALLUS crustose, yellow-green, rough, not smooth, tightly attached to the

substratum, without isidia and soralia.

APOTHECIA lirelliform, short and unbranched, 0.5-3 mm long, 0.2-0.5

mm wide, black, scattered over the thallus, labia entire, disc concealed,

lirellae prominent to sessile with basal thalline margin, nuda-morph;

PROPER EXCIPLE conspicuous, completely carbonized; EPITHECIUM 15-25

Graphis nudanorsticta sp. nov. (China) ... 17

um tall, brownish; HYMENIUM hyaline, clear, 120-150 um tall, paraphyses

simple, 1-1.5 um wide, slightly widened at apices; asci cylindrical to clavate,

80-110 x 15-35 um, 2-spored; ascospores hyaline, ellipsoid, transversely

septate, 16-22-locular at maturity, 65-100 x 8-15 um, I+ violet, with halo

and gelatinous caps.

CHEMISTRY: Norstictic acid (by TLC).

CORTICOLOUS.

ADDITIONAL SPECIMEN EXAMINED: CHINA. ANHUI PROVINCE, Huangshan City, Mt.

Huangshan, Yungu Temple, 30°07’N 118°10’E, on bark, alt. 1250 m, 17/V1/2017, Q.D.

Wang AH17022 (LCU).

REMARKS: Graphis nudanorsticta has similar morphology and chemistry

to G. pedunculata Bungartz & Aptroot, which differs by having larger

ascospores (130-210 x 22-27 um) and preferring rock substrates (Licking

& al. 2009, Bungartz & al. 2010). The new species is also similar to G. bifera

Zahlbr., which differs in the absence of norstictic acid. In the world key to

Graphis (Licking & al. 2009), G. nudanorsticta would key out at couplet 7,

Group 8.

Graphis caribica Licking, Phytotaxa 18: 59 (2011). Pr.2

THALLUS crustose, rough, yellow greenish, without isidia and soralia.

APOTHECIA lirelliform, elongate, conspicuous, black, simple or

irregularly branched, 1-4 mm long, 0.3-0.5 mm wide, with basal thalline

margin, labia striate (2-4), non-pruinose, striatula-morph; PROPER EXCIPLE

apically carbonized; EPITHECIUM 10-20 um tall, brownish; HYMENIUM

hyaline, clear, 100-150 um tall, paraphyses 1-1.5 um diam, single, slightly

inflated at apices; asci cylindrical to clavate, 90-105 x 15-25 um, 8-spored;

ASCOSPORES hyaline, ellipsoid, transversely septate, 10-16-locular, 40-65 x

6-9 um, I+ violet, with thin halo.

CHEMISTRY: No lichen compounds detected by TLC.

CORTICOLOUS.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: CHINA. ANHUI PROVINCE, Huangshan City, Mt.

Huangshan, Banshan Temple, 30°07’N 118°10’E, alt. 1100 m, 18/VI/2017, Z.F. Jia

AH17163, AH17164, AH17165 and AH17166 (all in LCU).

REMARKS: Graphis caribica is easily distinguishable from other striate

labia species in China by its yellow-greenish thallus, clear hymenium, and

transversely septate medium-sized ascospores. Prior to its formal description

(Lumbsch & al. 2011), G. caribica was reported (as an unknown species)

from Central America (Liicking & al. 2008, 2009).

PLATE 2. Graphis caribica (LCU: AH17163). A. Thallus with apothecia; B. Cross section of

apothecium; C. Ascus containing ascospores; D. Ascospores. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 100 um;

C = 50 um; D = 30 um.

Our Chinese materials appear identical to American material except for

narrower ascospores (6-9 um vs 9-12 um diam).

Graphis contortuplicata Mill. Arg., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 29: 225 (1892). Pr. 3

THALLUS corticolous, crustose, greyish to pale grey, rough, not smooth,

tightly attached to the substratum, without isidia and soralia.

APOTHECIA lirelliform, black, conspicuous, elongate, prominent to

sessile, simple or rarely branched, 2-8 mm long, 0.2-0.3 mm wide, black,

labia striate (2-4), non-pruinose, lirellae with basal thalline margin,

striatula-morph; PROPER EXCIPLE completely carbonized; EPITHECIUM

15-25 um tall, brownish; HyMENIUM hyaline, clear, 110-140 um tall,

paraphyses 1.5-2.0 um diam, single; asc cylindrical to clavate, 100-130 x

Graphis nudanorsticta sp. nov. (China) ... 19

PLATE 3. Graphis contortuplicata (LCU: GX15437-b). A. Thallus with apothecia; B. Cross

section of apothecium; C. Ascus containing ascospores; D. Ascospore. Scale bars: A = 1 mm;

B = 100 um; C, D = 50 um.

15-25 um, 2-8-spored; ascospores hyaline, ellipsoid, transversely septate,

halo, 20-24-locular at maturity, 80-120 x 7.5-9 um, I+ violet, with halo and

gelatinous caps.

CHEMISTRY: no lichen compounds detected by TLC.

CORTICOLOUS.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: CHINA. GUANGXI PROVINCE, Wuming County, Mt.

Damingshan, Natural Medicine Bath Valley, 33°29’N 108°26’E, alt. 1240 m,

21/V/2015, J. LiGX15437-b (LCU); Mt. Damingshan, Aixin Lawn, 23°30’N 108°26’E,

alt. 1250 m, 22/V/2015, J. LiGX15506 (LCU).

20 ... Wang & al.

REMARKS: Graphis contortuplicata, easily distinguished from other striate

labiate species in China by its conspicuous black elongate lirellae, completely

carbonized exciple, and larger ascospores, is similar to G. granulata Feée,

which differs in producing shorter lirellae and 1-2-spored asci. Some

specimens of G. contortuplicata from India are described with laterally

carbonized exciples (Awasthi & Singh 1975, Awasthi 1991, Licking & al.

2009). Our Chinese materials match almost exactly previous descriptions

except for the 2—8-spored asci (vs 2-4 ascospores per ascus in previous

descriptions).

Acknowledgements

This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China

(No. 3175001, 31270066 & 31700018) and funds of Shandong Excellent Youth

Scientist Foundation Project (BS2011SW028) and Shandong Provincial Education

Association for International Exchanges. The authors are grateful to Dr. Shou- Yu Guo

(State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, CAS) and Dr. Xin-Yu

Wang (Kunming Institute of Botany, CAS) for reading and improving the manuscript

as presubmission reviewers.

Literature cited

Aptroot A, Seaward MRD. 1999. Annotated checklist of Hong Kong lichens. Tropical Bryology

17:.57=T01,

Aptroot A, Sipman HJM. 2001. New Hong Kong lichens, ascomycetes and lichenicolous fungi.

Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory 91: 317-343.

Aptroot A, Sparrius LB. 2003. New microlichens from Taiwan. Fungal Diversity 14: 1-50.

Awasthi DD. 1991. A key to the microlichens of India, Nepal and Sri Lanka. Bibliotheca

Lichenologica 40: 1-340.

Awasthi DD, Singh KP. 1975. Observation on some graphidaceous lichen taxa. Physta 1: 34-40.

Bungartz F, Licking R, Aptroot A. 2010. The family Graphidaceae (Ostropales, Lecanoromycetes)

in the Galapagos Islands. Nova Hedwigia 90: 1-44.

https://doi.org/10.1127/0029-5035/2010/0090-0001

Jia ZF, Licking R. 2017a. Resolving the genus Phaeographina Mill. Arg. in China. MycoKeys 21:

13-32. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.21.11986

Jia ZF, Licking R. 2017b. Resolving the species of the lichen genus Graphina Mill. Arg. in China,

with some new combinations. MycoKeys 25: 13-29.

https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.25.13154

Jia ZF, Wei JC. 2011. Key and checklist for the lichen genus Graphis (Graphidaceae, Lichenised

Ascomycota) from China. 214-229, in: HJ Liu & al. (eds). The present status and potentialities

of the lichenology in China. Science press, Beijing.

Jia ZF, Wei JC. 2016. Flora lichenum sinicorum - Vol. 13 - Ostropales (1) - Graphidaceae 1.

Science Press, Beijing, 210 p.

Joshi S, Upreti DK, Wang XY, Hur JS. 2015. Graphis yunnanensis (Ostropales, Graphidaceae), a

new lichen species from China. Mycobiology 43(2): 118-121.

https://doi.org/10.5941/MYCO.2015.43.2.118

Graphis nudanorsticta sp. nov. (China) ... 21

Liicking R, Chaves JL, Sipman HJM, Umafa L, Aptroot A. 2008. A first assessment of the

Ticolichen biodiversity inventory in Costa Rica: The genus Graphis, with notes on the

genus Hemithecium (Ascomycota: Ostropales: Graphidaceae). Fieldiana (Botany), New Series

46: 1-131. https://doi.org/10.3158/0015-0746(2008)46[1:AFAOTT]2.0.CO;2

Liicking R, Archer AW, Aptroot A. 2009. A world-wide key to the genus Graphis (Ostropales:

Graphidaceae). Lichenologist 41(4): 363-452. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282909008305

Lumbsch HT, Ahti T, Altermann S$, Amo De Pas G, Aptroot A, Arup U, Barcenas Pena A,

Bawingan PA, Benatti MN, Betancourt L, Bjork CF, Boonpragob K, Brand M, Bungartz F,

Carceres MES, Candan M, Chaves JL 2011. One hundred new species of lichenized fungi:

a signature of undiscovered global diversity. Phytotaxa 18: 1-127.

Seaward RD, Aptroot A. 2005. Hong Kong lichens collected on the United States North Pacific

Exploring Expedition, 1853-1856. Bryologist 108(2): 282-286.

https://doi.org/10.1639/0007-2745(2005)108[0282: HKLCOT]2.0.CO;2

Staiger B. 2002. Die Flechtenfamilie Graphidaceae: Studien in Richtung einer natiirlicheren

Gliederung. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 85. 526 p.

Wei JC. 1991. An enumeration of lichens in China. International Academic Publishers, Beijing.

278 p.

MY COTAXON

January-March 2018— Volume 133, pp. 23-29

https://doi.org/10.5248/133.23

Notes on rust fungi in China 4. Hosts and distribution

of Hyalopsora aspidiotus and H. hakodatensis

JING-XIN Jr’, ZHUANG LI’, Yu LI’,

JIAN- YUN ZHUANG?, MAKOTO KAKISHIMA?*

' Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi,

Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China

? College of Plant Pathology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271000, China

° Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10001, China

‘University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: kakishima.makoto.ga@u.tsukuba.ac.jp

ABSTRACT—Hosts and distribution in China of two fern rust fungi, Hyalopsora aspidiotus

and H. hakodatensis, are clarified based on new collections and examination of herbarium

specimens. The ferns Athyrium iseanum, Deparia orientalis, and Phegopteris connectilis

are newly identified hosts for H. hakodatensis, while Gymnocarpium jessoense represents a

new host for H. aspidiotus in China. The rusts are also reported as new for several Chinese

provinces.

Key worps—Pucciniomycetes, taxonomy, Uredinales

Introduction

Rust fungi on ferns—species of Hyalopsora, Milesina, and Uredinopsis

(together with anamorphic taxa designated as Milesia)—are distributed mainly

in temperate to cold areas, especially where their alternate hosts (Abies species)

are found (Cummins & Hiratsuka 2003). Many fern rust species are believed

to occur in China because of the wide range of areas suitable for their growth.

However, these rust fungi have been insufficiently investigated on the mainland.

Tai (1979), who listed two Hyalopsora, six Milesina, and eight Uredinopsis

species, recorded most of the sixteen species from Taiwan.

Hyalopsora is distinguished from the other two genera primarily by

the hyaline walls and pigmented cytoplasm of its urediniospores and the

24 ... Ji &al.

predominant production of amphispores (Cummins & Hiratsuka 2003).

During an investigation of rust fungi in Jilin Province, northeast China,

Hyalopsora species were found on two species of ferns growing in coniferous

forests (Abies nephrolepis). These ferns have not been previously recorded as

host plants of Hyalopsora species in China. After morphological comparisons

with specimens borrowed from Fungarium, Institute of Microbiology Chinese

Academy of Sciences (HMAS), the rusts were identified as H. aspidiotus and

H. hakodatensis. Their host plants and distribution in China were also clarified

based on fungarium specimens.

Materials & methods

The uredinial stages of rusts on two ferns, Gymnocarpium jessoense and Deparia

orientalis, collected on Changbai Mt., Yanji City, Jilin Province, China. After

morphological examination, the specimens were deposited in the Herbarium of

Mycology, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible

and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China (HMJAU).

Hyalopsora specimens were also borrowed for morphological comparisons from the

Fungarium, Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

(HMAS).

Morphological characters, including the size and shape of sori and spores, were

examined using light microscopy (LM). Spores or thin-sections of sori were mounted

in a drop of lactophenol solution on glass slides and examined and photographed

using ZEIss AXIO imager equipped with differential interference contrast (DIC).

Approximately 30 spores were randomly chosen from each specimen and the length,

width, and wall thickness of spores were measured using Leica LAS X software attached

to a LE1cA DM2000 microscope.

The surface features of spores were examined by scanning electron microscopy

(SEM). For SEM, sori and spores obtained from dry specimens were attached to

specimen holders by double-sided adhesive tape and coated with platinum-palladium

using a H1tacn1t MC1000 Ion Sputter Coater and examined with a Hiracni SU8010

FE-SEM operated at 5-7 kV.

Results & discussion

Following morphological observations, the Jilin Province specimens

were identified as Hyalopsora aspidiotus and H. hakodatensis. The following

descriptions are based on Chinese specimens.

Hyalopsora aspidiotus (Peck) Magnus, Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 19: 582, 1901. Fic. 1

Spermogonial and aecial stages not found. Uredinia amphigenous but mostly

hypophyllous, minute, subepidermal, at first covered by the epidermis and

then erumpent, yellow to golden-yellow. Urediniospores oblong or ellipsoid,

Hyalopsora aspidiotus & H. hakodatensis in China ... 25

Fic. 1. Hyalopsora aspidiotus. A. Uredinia on lower leaf surface of Gymnocarpium jessoense.

B. Amphispores on G. jessoense. C. Urediniospores on G. disjunctum. D. Vertical section of

a sorus of amphispores on G. jessoense. E. Vertical section of a uredinium on G. disjunctum.

F. Sorus of amphispores on the lower leaf surface of G. jessoense observed by SEM.

G. Amphispores on G. jessoense by SEM. H. Vertical section of a uredinium on G. disjunctum

by SEM. I. Urediniospores on G. disjunctum by SEM. Scale bars: B-F, H = 30 um; G, I= 20 um.

sometimes angular, 26.5-36 x 16.5-23 um (av. 31.5 x 19.5 um), walls thin,

1-1.5 um, hyaline, smooth when observed under LM, but minutely verrucose

under SEM. Amphispores abundant, subglobose, obovate, ellipsoid or oblong,

26 ... Ji & al.

sometimes angular, 37.5-56.5 x 26-40.5 um (av. 46.5 x 34.0 um), walls

thick, 4-8 um, hyaline, smooth. Telia not found in specimens from China.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED—CHINA:

Amphispores on Gymnocarpium jessoense (Koidz.) Koidz.: JILIN PROVINCE,

Yanji, Changbai Mt., 42°24¢N 128°07¢E, alt. 1125 m, 22 August 014 (HMJAU8556);

22 September 2014 (HMJAU8555).

Urediniospores and amphispores on Gymnocarpium disjunctum (Rupr.)

Ching: HEBEI PROVINCE, Xiaowutaishan Mt., 24 August 1990 (HMAS67473).

BEYING MUNICIPALITY, Tiansishan Mt., 17 August 1957 (HMSA55065); 22 June

1956 (HMAS55064); Baihuashan Mt., 7 June 1957 (HMAS55063); 25 June 1964

(HMAS55078).

Amphispores on Phegopteris connectilis (Michx.) Watt: JILIN PROVINCE, Yanji,

Changbai Mt., August 1991 (HMAS67289).

Hosts & DISTRIBUTION IN CHINA—Gymnocarpium jessoense (new host for China),

Jilin Province; G. disjunctum (new host), Hebei Province, Beijing Municipality;

Phegopteris connectilis [= P. polypodioides, Doryopteris phegopteris] (Xue & al. 1997)

Jilin Province, Heilongjiang Province.

Although urediniospores and teliospores were not found, we identified the

new specimens on G. jessoense as H. aspidiotus because the amphispores

were morphologically identical with those described by Hiratsuka (1936),

Hiratsuka & al. (1992), and Azbukina (2015). Gymnocarpium jessoense has

been recorded as a host plant for this rust from Russian Far East (Azbukina

2015), but not previously reported from China. Hyalopsora aspidiotus is

widespread and commonly found in Europe, North America, Russia, Korea,

and Japan on Gymnocarpium species (Ito 1938, Hiratsuka 1958, Uchida

1964, Hiratsuka & al. 1992, Azbukina 2015, Termorshuizen & Swertz

2011). In China this rust has previously been recorded only on Phegopteris

connectilis from Heilongjiang Province in northern China (Xue & al. 1997).

We also examined specimens deposited as H. aspidiotus in HMSA to

confirm our identification, which also revealed G. disjunctum as a new host

plant for H. aspidiotus and the rust’s wider distribution in China (Beijing,

Hebei, Jilin, Heilongjiang). Spermogonial and aecial stages of H. aspidiotus,

known on Abies species in Europe and North America, have never been

reported in Asia (Hiratsuka 1958).

Hyalopsora hakodatensis Hirats. f.,

Trans. Tottori Soc. Agric. Sci. 4(1): 20, 25. 1932. Fic. 2

Uredinia amphigenous, minute, subepidermal, orange to orange-yellow.

Urediniospores ellipsoid, oblong or clavate, sometimes angular, 16.5-26.5

x 12.5-16.5 um (av. 22.5 x 14.5 um), walls thin, 0.5-1 um, hyaline, smooth

Hyalopsora aspidiotus & H. hakodatensis in China ... 27

Fig. 2. Hyalopsora hakodatensis. A. Uredinia on lower leaf surface of Deparia orientalis.

B. Vertical section of a uredinium on D. orientalis. C. Vertical section of a sorus of amphispores

on Lunathyrium sp. D. Urediniospores on D. orientalis. E. Uredinium on the lower leaf surface

of D. orientalis observed by SEM. F. Amphispores on Lunathyrium sp. G. Urediniospores on

D. orientalis by SEM. H. Sorus of amphispores on Athyrium sp. by SEM. I. Amphispores on

Athyrium sp. by SEM. Scale bars: B—F, H = 30 um; G, I= 25 um.

28 ... Ji & al.

when observed under LM, but minutely verrucose when observed by SEM.

Amphispores obovate, pyriform or oblong, sometimes angular, 20-31.5 x

15.5-21 um (av. 25.5 x 17.5 um), walls thick, 1.5-4 um, hyaline, smooth.

Telia not found.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED—CHINA:

Urediniospores and amphispores on Deparia orientalis (Z.R. Wang & J.J. Chien)

Nakaike: JILIN PROVINCE, Yanji, Changbai Mt., 42°13¢N 128°12¢E, alt. 1035 m, 23

September 2015 (HMJAU8557).

Urediniospores and amphispores on Dryopteris sp.: YUNNAN PROVINCE,

Kunming, Xishan, December 1938 (HMAS11209)

Urediniospores and amphispores on Phegopteris decursive-pinnata (H.C. Hall)

Fée: FUJIAN PROVINCE, Jianyang, 18 September 1980 (HMAS41581).

Amphispores on Athyrium iseanum Rosenst.: YUNNAN PROVINCE, Kunming,

19 October 1985 (HMAS50158).

Urediniospores and amphispores on Arthyrium sp.: TIBET, Nyalam, 10 October

1990 (HMAS79173).

Urediniospores and amphispores on Lunathyrium sp.: HAINAN PROVINCE,

Bawangling, 29 March 1993 (HMAS 77886).

Hosts & DISTRIBUTION IN CHINA—Athyrium iseanum [= A. dissectifolium] (new

host), Yunnan Province; Athyrium sp., Tibet; Deparia orientalis [= D. albosquamata]

(new host), Jilin Province; Dryopteris sp. (Tai 1979), Yunnan Province; Lunathyrium

sp., Hainan Province; Phegopteris decursive-pinnata (new host), Fujian Province.

We identified the specimen on D. orientalis as H. hakodatensis based on

its small amphispores and urediniospore characteristics that were identical

with those described by Hiratsuka & Uemura (1932), Hiratsuka (1936),

Hiratsuka & al. (1992), and Azbukina (2015). Hyalopsora hakodatensis has

been reported on species of Athyrium, Diplazium, and Thelypteris from

Japan, Taiwan, Korea, Russian Far East, and Nepal (Hiratsuka 1958, Uchida

1964, Hiratsuka & al. 1992, Azbukina 2015). Deparia orientalis is a new

host plant for this rust fungus. Previously, the presence of H. hakodatensis

in China was based solely on one specimen on Dryopteris sp. from Yunnan

Province (Tai 1979).

Our examination of specimens deposited as H. hakodatensis in HMAS

morphologically confirmed our identification and revealed Athyrium

iseanum and Phegopteris decursive-pinnata as new host plants for

H. hakodatensis and clarified the rust’s distribution in China (Yunnan,

Hainan, Fujian, Jilin, Tibet). Hyalopsora hakodatensis, suspected to have a

wide range of fern hosts, is widely distributed in China. Spermogonial and

aecial stages have not been reported, although they may be produced on

species of Abies (Hiratsuka & al. 1992, Azbukina 2015).

Hyalopsora aspidiotus & H. hakodatensis in China ... 29

Acknowledgments

This work was financed by the Fungal Flora in Jilin Province (20130206073NY).

We wish to thank Dr E.H.C. McKenzie (Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research,

Auckland, New Zealand) and Dr C.M. Denchev (Bulgarian Academy of Sciences,

Sofia, Bulgaria) for critical reading of the manuscript and suggestions. We express

our thanks to Dr A. Ebihara (Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and

Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan) for identification of ferns collected from the field in Jilin

Province.

Literature cited

Azbukina ZM. 2015. Definitorum fungorum Rossiae, Ordo Pucciniales 1. Dalnauka, Vladivostok.

[In Russian]

Cummins GB, Hiratsuka Y. 2003. Illustrated genera of rust fungi, 3 ed. American

Phytopathological Society, St Paul, Minnesota.

Hiratsuka N. 1936. A monograph of the Pucciniastreae. Memoirs of the Tottori Agricultural

College 4. 374 p.

Hiratsuka N. 1958. Revision of taxonomy of the Pucciniastreae. Memoirs of the Faculty of

Agriculture, Tokyo University of Education 5. 167 p.

Hiratsuka N, Uemura Y. 1932. On Japanese species of Hyalospora. Transactions of the Tottori

Society of Agricultural Science 4(1): 11-27. [In Japanese].

Hiratsuka N, Sato S, Katsuya K, Kakishima M, Hiratsuka Y, Kaneko S, Ono Y, Sato T, Harada

Y, Hiratsuka T, Nakayama K. 1992. The rust flora of Japan. Tsukuba-shuppankai, Tsukuba.

Ito S. 1938. Mycological flora of Japan, vol. 2, no 2. Yokendo, Tokyo.

Tai FL. 1979. Sylloge fungorum sinicorum. Science Press, Beijing.

Termorshuizen AJ, Swertz CA. 2011. Dutch rust fungi. Aad Termorshuizen, the Netherlands.

Uchida S. 1964. Taxonomic studies on the fern rusts in Japan. Memories of Mejiro Gakuen

Woman's Junior College 1: 37-92.

Xue Y, Li Z-Y, Zhang M, Xiao X-Y. 1997. A new record species of Hyalopsora in China. Bulletin

of Chinese Botanical Research 17: 54-55.

MY COTAXON

January-March 2018—Volume 133, pp. 31-35

https://doi.org/10.5248/133.31

Rosellinia jiangxiensis and R. yunnanensis spp. nov.

and a new Rosellinia record from China

WEI Li & Lin Guo"

State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,

Beijing 100101, China

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: guol@im.ac.cn

ABSTRACT—Two new species, Rosellinia jiangxiensis and R. yunnanensis, are proposed for

specimens collected in China, and R. leopoldensis is recorded as new to China.

KEY worDs—Ascomycota, pyrenomycetous fungi, taxonomy, Xylariaceae

Introduction

Mycological investigations dealing with two new Rosellinia species from

Southern China were published by Li & Guo (2015, 2016). Two additional

new species of Rosellinia, collected in Jiangxi and Yunnan Provinces, are

described here, and R. leopoldensis is reported as a new record for China.

These specimens are conserved in Herbarium Mycologicum Academiae

Sinicae, Beijing, China (HMAS).

Materials & methods

The specimens were examined using a Motic SMZ-168 stereomicroscope.

Microscopic features of asci and ascospores were described from slide preparations

mounted in water and Melzer’s reagent, and measurements were made from 20

ascospores, using a Zeiss Axioskop 2 plus compound microscope. Stromata were

photographed using a Sony NEX-7 digital camera.

Taxonomy

Rosellinia jiangxiensis Wei Li bis & L. Guo, sp. nov. Fics 1-3

FUNGAL NAME EN 570498

32 ... Li& Guo

Differs from Rosellinia gisbornia by its broader ascospores and larger ascus apical ring.

Type: China, Jiangxi, Nanchang, Meiling, alt. 200 m, on twig, 28.X.2016, L. Guo 11971

(Holotype, HMAS 255161).

ErymMo.ocy: The epithet refers to the type locality, Jiangxi Province.

Subiculum dark brown, evanescent. Stromata solitary to gregarious,

subglobose to cupulate, dark brown to black, 800-875 x 650-800 um. Ostioles

papillate, black. Ectostroma 50-100 um thick, black. Entostroma disappearing

in old stage. Perithecia globose or subglobose (620-750 x 380-500 um).

Ascus apical ring bluing in Melzer’s iodine reagent, 9-14 um tall, diameters

4—5 um above, 4-6 um below. Ascospores asymmetrically ellipsoidal, usually

with broadly to narrowly rounded ends (sometimes pinched at one end),

completely surrounded by a slimy sheath thicker at both ends, 25-31 x 7-11

um, brown, with straight germ slit extending the length of the spore.

COMMENTS: Rosellinia jiangxiensis is similar to R. gisbornia L.E. Petrini,

which differs in its cream-coloured to light brown subiculum, thinner (50-75

um) ectostroma, narrower (6.7—8.6 um) ascospores, and ascus apical rings

that are shorter (4.8-8.6 um) and narrower (2.8-4.8 um above, 2.8-3.8 um

below (Petrini 2003, 2013b).

Rosellinia yunnanensis Wei Li bis & L. Guo, sp. nov. Fics 4-6

FUNGAL NAME EN 570499

Differs from Rosellinia leopoldensis by its taller ascus apical ring; and from R. caudata by

its ascospores lacking a cellular appendage.

Type: China, Yunnan, Puer, alt. 1470 m, on unidentified wood, 17.III.2017, L. Guo

12190 (Holotype, HMAS 255162).

EryMo.ocy: The epithet refers to the type locality, Yunnan Province.

Subiculum well developed, woolly, felted or interlaced, dark brown, retained

at maturity. Stromata solitary to densely gregarious, subglobose, brown,

750-1000 um x 800-1000 um, with the bases embedded in the subiculum.

Ostioles papillate, black. Ectostroma 150-200 um thick, black. Entostroma

disappearing at maturity. Perithecia subglobose, 500-600 x 600-700 um.

Ascus apical ring bluing in Melzer’s iodine reagent, 10-15 um high, diameter

5-6 um above, 5—6.5 um below. Ascospores asymmetrically ellipsoidal, with

broadly to narrowly rounded ends, surrounded completely by a slimy sheath

Fics 1-9. Rosellinia jiangxiensis (HMAS 255161, holotype). 1. Stromata on twig; 2. Ascospores and

ascus apical rings; 3. Ascospore. Rosellinia yunnanensis (HMAS 255162, holotype). 4. Stromata on

wood; 5. Ascospores and ascus apical ring; 6. Ascospore. Rosellinia leopoldensis (HMAS 245738).

7. Stromata on wood; 8. Ascus and ascospores; 9. Ascospore.

Rosellinia jiangxiensis & R. yunnanensis spp. nov. (China) ... 33

34 ... Li& Guo

that is thicker at ends, 21-31 x 5.5-10 um, brown, with straight germ slit

extending the length of the spore.

COMMENTS: Rosellinia yunnanensis is similar to R. leopoldensis, which

differs in its shorter (7-8 um) ascus apical ring (Petrini 2013a,b). Rosellinia

caudata Petch differs from R. yunnanensis by its ascospores having a cellular

appendage at one end (Petrini 2013b).

Rosellinia leopoldensis L.E. Petrini, Index Fungorum 25: 3, 2013. Fics 7-9

Subiculum well developed, woolly, felted or interlaced, dark brown,

retained at maturity. Stromata often densely gregarious, sometimes solitary,

covered with basic subiculum, subglobose but laterally squashed, 900-1100 x

800-1200 um, brown. Ostioles papillate, black. Ectostroma 60-100 um thick,

black. Entostroma disappearing at maturity. Perithecia subglobose, 700-800

um high, 800-900 um diam. Ascus apical ring dark bluing in Melzer’s iodine

reagent, 7-8 um tall, diameter 3-4.5 um above, 3.5-5 um below. Ascospores

asymmetrically ellipsoidal, with rounded or pinched ends, surrounded by

a slimy sheath being thicker at ends, 18-25 x 6-10 um, dark brown, with

straight germ slit extending the length of the spore.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: CHINA, Heilongjiang, Yichun, Wuying National Forest Park,

alt. 430 m, on corticated wood, 26.VIII.2014, W. Li 14104 (HMAS 245738); W. Li 14105

(HMAS 245741).

ComMENTSs: The collection from Wuying National Forest Park represents

a new record for China. Our specimens are morphologically similar to the

holotype, but their ascus apical rings were slightly taller than those of the

holotype (5.5-7 um; Petrini 2013a).

Discussion

Including the three species reported in this paper, we now recognize 41

Rosellinia species in China (Teng 1963, Tai 1979, Ju & Rogers 1990, 1999;

Yuan & Zhao 1993, Lu & al. 2000, Liu & al. 2010, Petrini 2013a,b; Li & Guo

2015, 2016; Li & al. 2015, Su & al. 2016).

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to express their deep thanks to Prof. Xiuguo Zhang

(Shandong Agricultural University, China) and L.E. Petrini (Breganzona, Switzerland)

for serving as pre-submission reviewers, to Dr. Shaun Pennycook (Auckland, New

Zealand) for nomenclatural review, and for the support by the Ministry of Science and

Technology of the People’s Republic of China (No. 2013FY110400).

Rosellinia jiangxiensis & R. yunnanensis spp. nov. (China) ... 35

Literature cited

Ju YM, Rogers JD. 1990. Astrocystis reconsidered. Mycologia 82(3): 342-349.

https://doi.org/10.2307/3759905

Ju YM, Rogers JD. 1999. The Xylariaceae of Taiwan (excluding Anthostomella). Mycotaxon

73: 343-440.

Li W, Guo L. 2015. Rosellinia brunneola sp. nov. and R. beccariana new to China. Mycotaxon

130: 233-236. https://doi.org/10.5248/130.233

Li W, Guo L. 2016. Rosellinia hainanensis sp. nov. and three Rosellinia species new to China.

131: 541-545. https://doi.org/10.5248/131.541

Li QR, Kang JC, Hyde KD. 2015. Two new Rosellinia species from Southwest China. Mycotaxon

130: 563-567. https://doi.org/10.5248/130.563

Liu CK, Lu T, Gao JM, Wang MQ, Lu BS. 2010. Two new Chinese records of Rosellinia.

Mycosystema 29(3): 459-462.

Lu BS, Hyde KD, Ho WH, Tsui KM, Taylor JE, Wong KM, Yanna, Zhou DQ. 2000. Checklist of

Hong Kong fungi. Fungal Diversity Research Series, 5. 207 p.

Petrini LE. 2003. Rosellinia and related genera in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany

41: 71-138. https://doi.org/10.1080/0028825X.2003.9512833

Petrini LE. 2013a. Nomenclatural novelties: Liliane Petrini. Index Fungorum 25: 1-6.

Petrini LE. 2013b. Rosellinia—a world monograph. Bibliotheca Mycologica 205. 410 p.

Su H, Li QR, Kang JC, Wen TC, Hyde KD. 2016. Rosellinia convexa sp. nov. (Xylariales,

Pezizomycotina) from China. Mycoscience 57: 164-170.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.myc.2015.10.003

Tai FL. 1979. Sylloge Fungorum Sinicorum. Science Press, Beijing. 1527 p.

Teng SC. 1963. Fungi of China. Science Press, Beijing. 808 p.

Yuan ZQ, Zhao ZY. 1993. Studies on the Genera Amphisphaerella, Coniochaeta and Rosellinia of

XingJiang, China. Acta Mycologica Sinica 12(3): 180-186.

MY COTAXON

January-March 2018—Volume 133, pp. 37-43

https://doi.org/10.5248/133.37

Distribution of Alternaria species among sections. 4.

Species formerly assigned to genus Nimbya

PHILIPP B. GANNIBAL

Laboratory of Mycology and Phytopathology, All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection,

Shosse Podbelskogo 3, Saint Petersburg, 196608, Russia

CORRESPONDENCE TO: phbgannibal@yandex.ru

ABsTRACT—Morphological examination of phylogenetically unexamined species of the

superseded genus Nimbya have permitted the inclusion of additional species in Alternaria

sect. Nimbya (two species from monocots), A. sect. Alternantherae (two species from

Amaranthaceae), and A. sect. Porri (one species from Asteraceae). Four other Nimbya

species should be considered as taxa that are not distinguishable as unique within

A. sect. Alternaria. Alternaria sect. Alternantherae now includes six species, A. sect. Nimbya

includes six species, and A. sect. Porri consists of 118 morphospecies. To bring their

nomenclature into accordance with modern Alternaria taxonomy, five new combinations and

two replacement names are proposed for seven species previously accommodated in Nimbya.

Key worps—Alternaria crassoides, A. heteroschemos, A. juncicola, A. pimpriana, A. rhapontici

Introduction

Alternaria Nees is a large, morphologically diverse genus that comprises

approximately 280 distinguishable morphospecies (Simmons 2007). Recently,

several series of morphological and phylogenetic studies have attempted to

refine the phylogeny of Alternaria and other alternarioid hyphomycetes by

utilizing more than ten different loci (Pryor & Bigelow 2003; Hong & al. 2005;

Runa & al. 2009; Lawrence & al. 2012, 2013, 2014; Woudenberg & al. 2013, 2014;

Armitage & al. 2015). Many well-supported lineages (phylogenetic species-

groups) have been realized within the alternarioid hyphomycetes and have led

to several taxonomic novelties. The genus Alternaria was recently divided into

eight taxonomic sections by Lawrence & al. (2013) followed by the elevation of

38 ... Gannibal

19 additional clades by Woudenberg & al. (2013, 2014), Grum-Grzhimaylo &

al. (2016), and Lawrence & al. (2016), bringing the total number of Alternaria

sections to 27. Therefore, all former alternarioid hyphomycetes (13 genera)

were transferred to Alternaria, including the type species of the genus Nimbya.

Nimbya was described by E.G. Simmons to cluster species characterized

by specific septation and polygonal lumina in conidial transverse sections.

In total, 17 Nimbya species have been proposed (Simmons 1989, 1995, 1997,

2000, 2004; Chen & al. 1997; Johnson & al. 2002; Zhao & Zhang 2005), of

which 14 were established by E.G. Simmons: six species on Amaranthaceae, six

species on monocots (Cyperaceae, Juncaceae), one species on Asteraceae, and

one species on Solanaceae. The other three species were found on Fabaceae,

Caryophyllaceae, and Euphorbiaceae.

A molecular phylogenetic study by Lawrence & al. (2012) revealed Nimbya as

polyphyletic, with one group nested in Alternaria and the other closely related

to Embellisia species. To resolve the polyphyly of Nimbya, Lawrence & al. (2012)

divided Nimbya into the alternantherae species-group (strongly supported as

sister to the alternata species-group) and Nimbya proper, which also correlated

with plant hosts and morphological conidial characters. After all alternarioid

hyphomycetes were collected under the single name Alternaria, four species

(including the type of Nimbya, N. scirpicola) were placed in Alternaria sect.

Nimbya (hosts from Cyperaceae: Scirpus, Eleocharis, and Carex) and four

species were placed in A. sect. Alternantherae (hosts from Amaranthaceae:

Alternanthera, Celosia, and Gomphrena).

These two sections are distinguished by several morphological characters

(Lawrence & al. 2012, 2013, 2016; Woudenberg & al. 2013). Conidia in

A. sect. Alternantherae are solitary or rarely paired; usually with long and

filiform beaks; and in transverse sections lumina are distinctly delimited and

hexagonal, octagonal, or rounded. Conidia in A. sect. Nimbya are solitary or

in short chains of 2-8 units; rarely longitudinally septate; with extended and

cone-shaped apical beaks; and in transverse sections lumina are rectangular,

hexagonal, or encompass the entire volume. Some A. sect. Nimbya species have

a known sexual state (formerly called Macrospora), which is morphologically

similar to, but distinct from, other Alternaria teleomorphs, including those

formerly called Lewia and Allewia (Lawrence & al. 2016).

Nine species of the former genus Nimbya are considered incertae sedis.

The aim of this work was to examine the morphology of phylogenetically

unexamined Nimbya species to determine their affiliation with any Alternaria

sections. This work is a continuation of the series started with the manuscripts

Nimbya spp. in Alternaria ... 39

on Alternaria sections Porri, Alternaria, Infectoriae, and Pseudoalternaria

(Gannibal 2015, 2016; Gannibal & Lawrence 2016).

Materials & methods

The morphology of all Nimbya species was analyzed with regard to conformity

with criteria of Alternaria sections. The morphological assessment was based on

descriptions made by Simmons (1989, 1995, 1997, 2000), Chen & al. (1997), and

Zhao & Zhang (2005).

Results & discussion

The Alternaria sectional affiliations of all 17 species formerly assigned to

Nimbya are listed in TABLE 1. Evaluation of descriptions of nine Nimbya species

allowed for their placement in Alternaria: two species from Amaranthaceae

(A. crassoides from Froelichia and A. pimpriana from Celosia) were placed

in A. sect. Alternantherae; two species from monocots (A. heteroschemos

from Carex and A. juncicola from Juncus) should be considered members of

A. sect. Nimbya; and species from other hosts were placed in A. sect. Porri (one

species) and A. sect. Alternaria (four species).

Separation of cellular contents and formation of specific polygonal lumina

in transverse conidial sections was found in many Alternaria species. Slight

or distinct cellular content separation was fixed in Simmons’ drawings

(1997, 2000) for small-spored [= A. sect. Alternaria] and large-spored species

[= A. sect. Porri]. We also observed this feature in many old herbarium

specimens of different Alternaria species during other studies. Thus this

feature is not unique for sections Alternantherae and Nimbya.

Nimbya rhapontici from Asteraceae has a relatively large conidial body and

long filiform branched beak that is a characteristic feature of several A. sect.

Porri species (Gannibal 2015; Lawrence & al. 2016).

Nimbya dianthi, N. dolichi, N. euphorbiicola, and N. major morphology fit

the A. sect. Alternaria description (Gannibal 2016), but they have somewhat

longer (<67 um) conidial bodies. All four species were described from

herbarium specimens. Simmons (1995) observed that in the field small-spored

Alternaria species produce conidia that are noticeably larger and differently

shaped compared to conidia produced in culture.

Simmons (2007) described most Alternaria species using cultures grown

under standardized conditions. There is no actual possibility to make

appropriate comparisons of herbarium specimens with A. sect. Alternaria

species described from artificial culture media. Moreover, morphology in

A. sect. Alternaria sufficiently contradicts phylogeny (Peever & al. 2004,

AO ... Gannibal

2005; Andrew et al 2009). Many species were synonymized based on

molecular data (Woudenberg & al. 2015). Therefore, Nimbya_ dianthi,

N. dolichi, N. euphorbiicola, and N. major should be considered taxa that are

not distinguishable as unique within A. sect. Alternaria.

To bring nomenclature in accordance with modern-day Alternaria

taxonomy I propose the five new combinations and two replacement names

listed below. As a result of this study A. sections Alternantherae and Nimbya

now include six species each, while A. sect. Porri (Gannibal 2015) now includes

118 morphospecies.

Taxonomy

Alternaria crassoides (Davis) Gannibal, comb. nov.

MycoBank 822404

= Cercospora crassoides Davis, Trans. Wisconsin Acad. Sci. 21: 298 (1924)

= Nimbya crassoides (Davis) E.G. Simmons, Mycotaxon 55: 146 (1995)

Alternaria dolichi (T.Y. Zhang & G.Z. Zhao) Gannibal, comb. nov.

MycoBank 822503

= Nimbya dolichi T.Y. Zhang & G.Z. Zhao, Fungal Diversity 19: 207 (2005)

Alternaria heteroschemos (Fautrey) Gannibal, comb. nov.

MycoBank 822405

= Macrosporium heteroschemon Fautrey, Rev. Myco. (Toulouse) 18: 69 (1896)

= Nimbya heteroschemos (Fautrey) E.G. Simmons, Sydowia 41: 323 (1989)

Alternaria juncicola (E.G. Simmons) Gannibal, comb. nov.

MycoBank 822407

= Nimbya juncicola E.G. Simmons, Sydowia 41: 321 (1989)

Alternaria nimbyae-dianthi Gannibal, nom. nov.

MycoBAnk 822505

= Nimbya dianthi T.Y. Zhang & G.Z. Zhao, Fungal Diversity 19: 207 (2005)

ErymMo.oey: nimbyae-dianthi refers to the basionym, Nimbya dianthi.

Alternaria nimbyoides Gannibal, nom. nov.

MycoBank 822504

= Nimbya euphorbiicola W.Q. Chen & T.Y. Zhang, Mycosystema 16: 106 (1997)

EtyMo_oey: nimbyoides means similar to Nimbya.

Alternaria rhapontici (Nelen) Gannibal, comb. nov.

MycoBank 822406

= Macrosporium rhapontici Nelen, Bot. Mater. Otd. Sporov. Rast.

Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R.15: 146 (1962)

= Nimbya rhapontici (Nelen) E.G. Simmons, Mycotaxon 65: 21 (1997)

Nimbya spp. in Alternaria ...

TABLE 1. Homotypic Alternaria synonyms of Nimbya species, now assigned to

Alternaria sections Alternantherae, Alternaria, Nimbya, and Porri.

References providing phylogenetic data shown in parentheses.

Unannotated names = species with reliable living cultures and herbarium specimens.

Bold font = species not previously assigned to any Alternaria section.

Asterisks = species for which no known living isolates are available.

Alternaria sect. Alternantherae

A. alternantherae Holcomb & Antonop.

(Lawrence & al. 2012, 2013; Woudenberg & al. 2013)

=N. alternantherae (Holcomb & Antonop.) E.G. Simmons & Alcorn

A. celosiicola Jun. Nishikawa & C. Nakash.

(Lawrence & al. 2012, 2013)

=N. celosiae E.G. Simmons & Holcomb

A. crassoides (Davis) Gannibal [*]

= N. crassoides (Davis) E.G. Simmons

A. gomphrenae Togashi

(Woudenberg & al. 2013)

= N. gomphrenae (Togashi) E.G. Simmons

A. perpunctulata (E.G. Simmons) D.P. Lawr., M.S. Park & B.M. Pryor

(Lawrence & al. 2012, 2013; Woudenberg & al. 2013)

=N. perpunctulata E.G. Simmons

A. pimpriana V.G. Rao [*]

=N. pimpriana (V.G. Rao) E.G. Simmons

Alternaria sect. Alternaria, indistinguishable taxa

A. dolichi (T.Y. Zhang & G.Z. Zhao) Gannibal [*]

=N. dolichi T.Y. Zhang & G.Z. Zhao

A. longipes var. major Pavgi & U.P. Singh [*]

= N. major (Pavgi & U.P. Singh) E.G. Simmons

A. nimbyae-dianthi Gannibal [*]

=N. dianthi T.Y. Zhang & G.Z. Zhao

A. nimbyoides Gannibal [*]

=N. euphorbiicola W.Q. Chen & T.Y. Zhang

Alternaria sect. Nimbya

A. caricis (E.G. Simmons) Woudenb. & Crous

(Pryor & Bigelow 2003; Hong & al. 2005; Lawrence & al. 2013; Woudenberg & al. 2013)

=N. caricis E.G. Simmons

A. heteroschemos (Fautrey) Gannibal [*]

=N. heteroschemos (Fautrey) E.G. Simmons

A. juncicola (E.G. Simmons) Gannibal

=N. juncicola E.G. Simmons

A. scirpicola (Fuckel) Sivan.

(Pryor & Bigelow 2003; Hong & al. 2005; Lawrence & al. 2012, 2013; Woudenberg & al. 2013)

=N. scirpicola (Fuckel) E.G. Simmons

42 ... Gannibal

A. scirpinfestans (E.G. Simmons & D.A. Johnson) Woudenb. & Crous

(Lawrence & al. 2012, 2013).

=N. scirpinfestans E.G. Simmons & D.A. Johnson

A. scirpivora (E.G. Simmons & D.A. Johnson) Woudenb. & Crous

(Lawrence & al. 2012, 2013).

=N. scirpivora E.G. Simmons & D.A. Johnson

Alternaria sect. Porri

A. rhapontici (Nelen) Gannibal [*]

=N. rhapontici (Nelen) E.G. Simmons

Acknowledgments

The author is grateful to Dr. Daniel Lawrence and Dr. Andrew Armitage for their

presubmission reviews of this article. This work was supported by Russian Science

Foundation (project #14-26-00067).

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MY COTAXON

January-March 2018—Volume 133, pp. 45-54

https://doi.org/10.5248/133.45

Four species of polyporoid fungi

newly recorded from Taiwan

CHE-CHIH CHEN!, SHENG-HuaA Wu?” ’, CuI- Yu CHEN!

"Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University,

Taichung 40227 Taiwan

? Department of Biology, National Museum of Natural Science,

Taichung 40419 Taiwan

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: shwu@mail.nmns.edu.tw

ABSTRACT —Four wood-rotting polypores are reported from Taiwan for the first time:

Ceriporiopsis pseudogilvescens, Megasporia major, Phlebiopsis castanea, and Trametes

maxima. ITS (internal transcribed spacer) sequences were obtained from each specimen

to confirm the determinations.

Key worps—aphyllophoroid fungi, fungal biodiversity, DNA barcoding, fungal cultures,

ITS rDNA

Introduction

Polypores are a large group of Basidiomycota with poroid hymenophores

on the underside of fruiting bodies, which may be pileate, resupinate, or

effused-reflexed, and with textures that are typically corky, leathery, tough,

or even woody hard (Harkonen & al. 2015). Formerly, polypores were treated

mostly in Polyporaceae Corda s.l. (under Polyporales) and Hymenochaetaceae

Imazeki & Toki s.l. (under Hymenochaetales), with some species in

Corticiaceae Herter s.l. (Gilbertson & Ryvarden 1986, 1987; Ryvarden &

Melo 2014). However, modern DNA-based phylogenetic studies distribute

polyporoid genera across at least 12 orders of Agaricomycetes Doweld, e.g.,

Polyporales Gaum., Hymenochaetales Oberw., Russulales Kreisel ex P.M. Kirk

& al., Agaricales Underw. (Hibbett & al. 2007, Zhao & al. 2015).

46 ... Chen & al.

Most polypores are wood-rotters that decompose the cellulose,

hemicellulose, or lignin of woody biomass in forests; these fungi are either

saprobes on trees, stumps, and fallen branches or parasites on living tree

trunks or roots and therefore play a crucial role in nutrient recycling for

the earth (Hark6nen & al. 2015, Tura & al. 2016). However, some wood-

rotting polypores [e.g., Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. and Phellinus

noxius (Corner) G. Cunn.] can cause serious plant diseases or decay valuable

timber products, resulting in significant economic losses (Dai & al. 2007,

Tura & al. 2016); others [e.g., Ganoderma lingzhi Sheng H. Wu & al. and

Taiwanofungus camphoratus (M. Zang & C.H. Su) Sheng H. Wu & al.] are

medicinally important to humans (Cao & al. 2012, Wu & al. 2004).

Taiwan, which lies in the tropical and subtropical zones, is also home to

some temperate climates in high montane regions. Numerous mountains

and abundant rainfall produce a great variety of forest habitats, hence

contributing to high fungal species richness. In Taiwan, polypores have

been regionally surveyed for about a century, beginning in the early 1900s.

The Japanese mycologist K. Sawada reported 30 wood-rotting polypores in

his “Descriptive Catalogue of Taiwan (Formosan) Fungi” (Sawada 1959).

Although Taiwanese mycologists (e.g., Z.C. Chen, T-T. Chang, S.H. Wu) have

since described new species and reported new polypore records (Tzean & al.

2015), knowledge of wood-rotting polypores in the region is still insufficient.

Here we report as new to the mycobiota of Taiwan four wood-rotting

polypores, which we have preserved as fungal cultures and for which we have

generated DNA barcoding sequences.

Materials & methods

Taiwanese polypore specimens collected in 2012-16 are deposited in the

herbarium of National Museum of Natural Science, Taichung, Taiwan (TNM);

their cultures are deposited at the Bioresource Collection and Research Center,

Hsinchu, Taiwan (BCRC). Descriptions are based on dried basidiocarps. Freehand

thin sections of fruiting bodies were prepared with razor blade and mounted in

[i] 5% KOH with 1% phloxine stain for observation and measurement of microscopic

characters and [ii] Melzer’s reagent (IKI) to check amyloidity and dextrinoidity

[IKI- indicates inamyloid and nondextrinoid]. Prepared slides were examined at

magnifications up to x1000 with a Leica DM2500 microscope, and line drawings

were illustrated with the aid of a drawing tube. Fruiting bodies were photographed in

situ or in collection using an Olympus TG-4 or Nikon Coolpix P7100 digital camera.

DNA was extracted from dried specimens or mycelia in pure culture using the

Plant Genomic DNA Extraction Miniprep System (Viogene-Biotek Corp.) according

Polypores new for Taiwan ... 47

to the manufacturer's protocol. We amplified the ITS rDNA region using commercial

primer pairs ITS5/ITS4 or ITS1/ITS4 (White & al. 1990). The MB Mission Biotech

Company purified and sequenced the PCR products, and the sequences were used

to confirm species determination. Sequences newly obtained in this study were

submitted to GenBank (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank/).

The scientific binomials of the presented species follow the currently accepted

names on MycoBank (http://www.mycobank.org/).

Taxonomy

Fics 1,2: Ceriporiopsis pseudogilvescens (Wu 1209-46).

1. In collection. 2. a, generative hyphae; b, crystals; c, basidia; d, basidiospores.

Ceriporiopsis pseudogilvescens (Pilat) Niemela & Kinnunen,

Karstenia 45: 83. 2005. Fics 1,2

Basidiocarps annual, resupinate, adnate, hard and brittle when dry, up to 1.6

cm long, 1 cm wide, and 4.5 mm thick; margin pale cream to straw-colored,

sterile, abrupt. Pore surface fawn to cork-colored; pores circular or angular,

2-3 per mm, dissepiments entire, <0.2 mm thick. Tubes concolorous with pore

surface, <3 mm deep. Subiculum cream, homogeneous, fairly dense texture,

<2 mm thick.

Hyphal system monomitic, hyphae nodose-septate. Subicular hyphae

colorless, thin to thick-walled, 2-4 um diam, occasionally branched. Trama

with dense texture. Cystidia and cystidioles lacking. Basidia clavate, with four

sterigmata, 10-28 x 5-5.5 um. Basidiospores broadly ellipsoid, colorless, thin-

walled, smooth, IKI-, 4-6 x 2.5-3.2 um. Cubic to irregular crystals scattered

in subiculum.

48 ... Chen &al.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED—TAIWAN. NANTOU COUNTY: Jenai Township, Hohuanshan,

24°09’N 121°17’E, 3150 m a.s.l., on trunk of Salix sp., 15.1X.2012, leg. SH. Wu, Wu

1209-46 (TNM F26731; GenBank KY688203).

HaBITAT—On angiosperm trunks (e.g., Betula, Populus, Salix) (Ryvarden &

Melo 2014).

TYPE OF ROT— White rot.

DIsTRIBUTION—Eurasia, East Asia, North America (Ryvarden & Melo

2014).

REMARKS— Ceriporiopsis pseudogilvescens can be confused with C. resinascens

(Romell) Domanski, which is macroscopically similar (e.g., producing

resupinate basidiocarps that become brittle when dry), occurs on the same

hosts (e.g., Betula, Populus, Salix), and has an ITS rDNA sequence differing by

only five base pairs (TomSovsky & al. 2010). Ceriporiopsis resinascens can be

distinguished by its smaller pores (3-5 per mm) and narrower basidiospores

(4.9-6.2 x 2.2-2.6 um; Kinnunen & Niemela 2005). The basidiospore

sizes in our specimen match well with those (3.8-6 x2.6-3.1) recorded for

C. pseudogilvescens by Kinnunen & Niemela (2005).

Megasporia major (G.Y. Zheng & Z.S. Bi) B.K. Cui & Hai J. Li,

Mycologia 105: 375. 2013. Fics 3,4

Basidiocarps annual, resupinate, at first forming orbicular patches, then

broadly effused, adnate, hard corky when dry, up to 12 cm long, 2 cm wide,

and 1.5 mm thick; margin sterile, abrupt. Pore surface cream, turning cork-

colored when old; pores circular or angular, 1-2 per mm, dissepiments

entire, <0.25 mm thick. Tubes concolorous with pore surface, <1 mm deep;

tube walls with hyphal pegs (often lacking in young specimens). Subiculum

buff, homogeneous, fairly dense, <0.5 mm thick.

Hyphal system dimitic: generative hyphae nodose-septate, skeletal hyphae

weakly dextrinoid. Subicular generative hyphae infrequent, colorless, thin-

walled, 1-3 um diam; skeletal hyphae dominant, colorless, thick-walled,

2-4 um diam, occasionally branched. Trama densely textured. Hymenium

thickened. Rare dendrohyphidia and abundant encrusted hyphal ends

present in dissepiments. Cystidia lacking. Cystidioles clavate with somewhat

acute apices, thin-walled, with several oil droplets, 20-24 x 7-8.5 um. Basidia

clavate to subclavate, with four sterigmata, with one to several oil droplets,

26-40 x 12-14 um. Basidiospores cylindrical to subcylindrical, colorless,

Polypores new for Taiwan ... 49

\e tha

fe QOUOL

Sum

Fics 3,4: Megasporia major (GC 1407-21). 3. On branch of Cinnamomum osmophloeum.

4. a, skeletal hyphae; b, generative hyphae; c, dendrohyphidia; d, encrusted hyphal tips;

e, crystals; f, cystidioles; g. basidia; h, basidiospores.

thin-walled to slightly thick-walled, smooth, often with oily contents, IKI-,

16-24 x 5.5-7.5 um. Pyramidal to irregular crystals scattered throughout the

section.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED— TAIWAN. NanrTou county: Yuchih Township, Lienhuachih,

23°56’N 120°53’E, 700 m a.s.l., on branch of Cinnamomum osmophloeum Kaneh.

(Lauraceae), in open C. osmophloeum plantation, 18.VII.2014, leg. C.C. Chen, GC 1407-

19 (TINM F28458, culture BCRC MU30391, GenBank KY688204); GC 1407-21 (TNM

F28460, culture BCRC MU30392, GenBank KY688205); 13.IV.2015, leg. C.C. Chen, GC

1504-35 (TNM F28992); GC 1504-37 (TNM F28993); 24.11.2016, leg. C.C. Chen, GC

1603-30 (ITINM F30372).

Hasitat—On hanging or fallen angiosperm (e.g., Cinnamomum) branches

and preferring an open environment (Yuan & al. 2017).

TYPE OF ROT—White rot.

DIsTRIBUTION—Known from tropical to subtropical areas of southern

China (Guangdong, Hainan) (Dai & al. 2011, Dai & Li 2002) and Taiwan (this

study).

ReMARKS—Within the genus, Megasporia major is recognized by its

cream-colored pore surface and large pores and basidiospores. Although

the basidiospores of the Taiwanese specimens are slightly larger than those

described from mainland China (15.2-20 x 5.5-7.1 um; Dai & Li 2002), our

almost identical ITS rDNA sequences confirm the determination.

50 ... Chen & al.

Fics 5,6: Phlebiopsis castanea (GC 1612-6). 5. In collection.

6. a, generative hyphae; b, hyphae covered with yellow resinous material;

c, cystidia; d, basida; e, basidiospores.

Phlebiopsis castanea (Lloyd) Miettinen & Spirin, MycoKeys 17: 25.2016. Figs 5,6

Basidiocarps annual, resupinate, effused, adnate, corky when dry, up to

14 cm long, 3 cm wide, and 1.5 mm thick; margin sterile, cottony. Pore

surface cinnamon; pores irregular or irpicoid, 1-2 per mm, dissepiments

pruinose, thin. Tubes paler than pore surface, <0.5 mm deep. Subiculum

cinnamon, fairly dense texture, <0.5 mm thick, composed of basal layer,

<150 um thick.

Hyphal system monomitic, generative hyphae simple-septate. Subicular

hyphae colorless, agglutinated, thick-walled, 3-8 um diam, occasionally

branched, flexuous, covered with yellow resinous materials that dissolve

in KOH. Trama with dense texture. Hymenium thickened. Cystidia

projecting, conical to subulate, with acute or obtuse apices, thick-walled,

apically heavily encrusted for over half of their lengths, encrustation

dissolving in KOH over time, 50-60 x 10-11 um (encrustation included).

Basidia clavate, with four sterigmata, with oily contents, 28-30 x 5-6 um.

Basidiospores broadly allantoid, colorless, thin-walled, smooth, sometimes

with oily contents, IKI-, 5-7 x 2-3 um.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED—TAIWAN. NANTOU COUNTY: Jenai Township, Taiwan

Forestry Research Institute, Piluchi Experimental Watershed Working Station,

24°13’36’N 121°18’32”E, 2160 m a.s.l., on branch of Pinus sp., in road-side, mixed

coniferous forest, 3.XII.2016, leg. C.C. Chen, GC 1612-6 (TNM F30913; GenBank

KY688208); Xinyi Township, Tatachia-Paiyun Villa, 23°29’N 120°55’E, 2700 ma.s.l.,

Polypores new for Taiwan ... 51

on branch of Pinus taiwanensis Hayata. (Pinaceae), 12.X1.1996, leg. S.H. Wu & S.Z.

Chen, Wu 9606-19 (TNM F5053). TAICHUNG cITy: Heping District, Pilu, 24°14’N

121°17’E, 2100 m a.s.l., on branch of P taiwanensis, 14.IX.1993, leg. S.H. Wu, Wu

9304-82 (ITINM F14863); Siaosyueshan, Tienchih, 24°17’N 121°01’E, 2580 m a.s.L, on

branch of Pinus sp., 8.X1.2011, leg. S.H. Wu, Wu 1106-15 (TNM F25533).

Hasitat—On gymnosperm branch (especially on Pinus) (Lim & al. 2005).

TYPE OF ROT—White rot.

DIsTRIBUTION—Known from temperate areas of Asia—China, Japan,

Far East Russia, Northern Thailand, Korea—(Dai & Niemela 1995, Nunez &

Ryvarden 2001, Lim & al. 2005) and Taiwan (this study).

ReMARKS—Phlebiopsis castanea is placed in the genus Phlebiopsis Julich

based on its poroid cinnamon-colored hymenophore, broadly allantoid

basidiospores, and encrusted cystidia. Our specimen produced slightly

narrower cystidia while the basidiospore size fits well with previous

descriptions (Nunez & Ryvarden 2001, Lim & al. 2005, as Castanoporus

castaneus (Lloyd) Ryvarden).

Trametes maxima (Mont.) A. David & Rajchenb., Mycotaxon 22: 315. 1985. Fics 7,8

Basidiocarps annual to biannual, sessile, pileate, solitary or imbricate,

hard corky when dry. Pilei semicircular to dimidiate, projecting <2 cm,

<7.5 cm wide and <6 mm thick at base, margin obtuse. Pileal surface cream-

buff to pale cinnamon, becoming greenish due to algal growth, concentrically

Fics 7,8: Trametes maxima (GC 1505-33). 7. In situ.

8. a, skeletal hyphae; b, binding hyphae; c, generative hyphae; d, basidia; e, basidiospores.

52 ... Chen & al.

sulcate, glabrous to tomentose. Pore surface cream-buff; pores angular, 2-4

per mm, dissepiments entire or dentate to lacerate, thin. Tubes concolorous

with pore surface, <5 mm deep; tube walls bear with abundant hyphal pegs.

Context homogeneous, fairly dense texture, <1.5 mm thick, separated from

pileal surface by a distinct thin black line.

Hyphal system trimitic, generative hyphae nodose-septate. Contextual

generative hyphae colorless, thin-walled, 2-2.5 um diam; skeletal hyphae

colorless, thick-walled, 3-10 um diam, unbranched; binding hyphae colorless,

thick-walled, 0.5-2.5 um diam, intricately branched. Cystidia lacking. Basidia

clavate, with four sterigmata, 15 x 5 um. Basidiospores ellipsoid to cylindrical,

colorless, thin-walled, smooth, IKI-, 4.5-5 x 2-2.5 um.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED— TAIWAN. TAICHUNG CITy: Tungshih District, Hsuehshankeng,

24°19’N 120°57’E, 968 m a.s.l., on angiosperm trunk, 30.V.2015, leg. C.C. Chen GC

1505-33 (TINM F29010; culture BCRC MU30393; GenBank KY688213).

HaBiTaT—On angiosperm trunk.

TYPE OF ROT—White rot.

DIsTRIBUTION—Known from tropical to subtropical areas of East Asia

(Dai 2012, Li & He 2011) and the Americas (United States, Venezuela,

Colombia, Brazil) (Gilbertson & Ryvarden 1987, Gomes-Silva & al. 2010).

REMARKS—'his species is characterized by its concentrically sulcate,

glabrous to tomentose pileal surface, the black line in the context towards

the pileal surface, its uneven pore surface, and presence of abundant hyphal

pegs. Cystidioles were not found in our specimen, but the basidiospore

size agrees well with previous descriptions (Gilbertson & Ryvarden 1987,

Li & He 2011).

Acknowledgments

The authors are indebted to Dr. H.S. Yuan (Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese

Academy of Sciences, Shenyang) and Dr. B.K. Cui (Institute of Microbiology,

Beijing Forestry University) for reviewing the manuscript. We want to express our

gratitude to Ms. S.Z. Chen (TNM) for arranging studied specimens. This study

was financed by Ministry of Science and Technology of ROC (Taiwan) (Grant no

104-2621-B-178-001-MY3).

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MY COTAXON

January-March 2018— Volume 133, pp. 55-61

https://doi.org/10.5248/133.55

Four new records of Leptogium from China

Yu X1A, Li-L1 ZHAO, QING-FENG Wu, HuaA-JI£ Lru*

College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: liuhuajie@foxmail.com

AsBsTRACT—Four Leptogium species are reported as new to China: L. askotense,

L. coralloideum, L. milligranum, and L. subtile. Descriptions, illustrations, and comments

are presented for the four species.

Key worps—Ascomycota, Peltigerales, Collemataceae, lichen, taxonomy

Introduction

Forty-two species of the lichen genus Leptogium (Ach.) Gray have been

reported from China (Wei 1991; Cao & al. 2012; Liu & al. 2010, 2012, 2013,

2014, 2015; Liu & Guan 2012; Wang & al. 2010; Xi & Liu 2014). Here we report

Leptogium askotense, L. coralloideum, L. milligranum, and L. subtile as new to

China. Although the genus was recently re-circumscribed (Otalora & al. 2014,

Jaklitsch & al. 2016), we followed the traditional genus concept (Lumbsch &

Huhndorf 2007, Kirk & al. 2008) in the present study.

Materials & methods

Morphological and anatomical studies were conducted following Liu & al. (2015).

Specimens are deposited in the Herbarium Mycologicum Academiae Sinicae—-Lichenes,

Beijing, China (HMAS-L) and the Herbarium, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese

Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China (KUN).

Taxonomy

Leptogium askotense D.D. Awasthi, Norweg. J. Bot. 24: 63 (1977). PL. 1A

THALLUS foliose, orbicular or irregular in outline, 4-12 cm in diam.; UPPER

SURFACE gray to brown when dry, glabrous, heavily wrinkled, dull or slightly

56 ... Xia & al.

shiny near margin; LOBES round, 3-10 mm wide, horizontal, entire; IsIDIA

and LOBULES absent; LOWER SURFACE paler, densely hairy; Hairs white, 4-7

um diam., >100 um long, composed of a row of cylindrical cells. APOTHECIA

abundant, laminal to sometimes submarginal, stalked; pisc red-brown, 2-4

mm in diam., smooth, dull, plane, concave to convex; sTALK commonly

tubular, not swollen, often with wrinkles and white tomenta; THALLINE

MARGIN distinct, concolorous with the thallus, often with tomenta and

wrinkles similar to stalk.

THALLUS homoiomerous, 100-250 um thick; CorTEx on both sides

consisting of a single layer of subglobose to irregular, thin-walled cells, 5-10

um thick; PHOTOBIONT Nostoc in chains, 4-7 um in diam., embedded in a

gelatinous layer.

APOTHECIA zeorine, 400-500 tum thick; THALLINE EXCIPLE 100-120 um

thick laterally, with a cortex of a single layer of thin-walled cells; PROPER

EXCIPLE euparaplectenchymatous, 50-80 um thick, consisting of 5-8 layers

of subglobose to irregular thin-walled cells; EpPIHYMENIUM yellowish, 10-20

um thick; HYMENIUM 120-150 um thick; suBHYMENIUM 40-70 um thick;

ASCI clavate, 8-spored; ASCOSPORES monostichous to distichous, ellipsoid,

hyaline, muriform, 5-6-septate transversely, 1-2-septate longitudinally,

(15)25-40 x 10-15 um, obtuse or acute at both ends.

Corticolous.

SELECTED SPECIMENS EXAMINED: CHINA. SICHUAN PROVINCE, Mt. Gonggashan,

29°37’N 101°53’E, alt. 2100 m, on bark, 23/VI/1982, X.Y. Wang & al. 8829 (HMAS-L

037125). YUNNAN PROVINCE, Lijiang County, Mt. Yulongshan, 27°10’N 100°18’E, alt.

3500 m, on bark, 25/1/2004, L.S. Wang & J. Wang 04-23160 (KUN). XIZANG PROVINCE,

Zayti County, Mt. Songtaxueshan, 27°43’N 98°39’E, alt. 3400 m, on bark, 26/VI/1982,

J.J. Su 2010 (HMAS-L 031687).

REMARKS: Leptogium askotense is characterized by the foliose thallus, the

wrinkled upper surface, the tomentose and wrinkled thalline margin and stalks,

and the euparaplectenchymatous proper exciple. It is reported from Himalayas

of India (Awasthi & Akhtar 1977). Our specimens are morphologically similar

to those reported from India and extend the species’ range to SW China.

Leptogium trichophoroides P.M. Jorg. & A.K. Wallace resembles L. askotense

in the tomentose, wrinkled thalline margin and the tomentose apothecial

stalks, but differs by the darker upper surface and smaller spores (20-25 x

10-12 um, Cao & al. 2012; 19-22 x 9-10 um, Jorgensen 1997). Leptogium delavayi

Hue is similar to L. askotense but has glabrous, swollen stalks and a glabrous

thalline margin. Leptogium arisanense Asahina also resembles L. askotense but

has sessile apothecia (Asahina 1936, Awasthi & Akhtar 1977, Wang & al. 2010).

New Leptogium records (China) ... 57

Leptogium coralloideum (Meyen & Flot.) Vain.,

Ann. Acad. Sci. Fenn., Ser. A, 6(7): 110 (1915). PL. 1B,c

THALLUS foliose, irregular in outline, 6 cm in diam.; UPPER SURFACE

grayish blue when dry, glabrous, often striate and ridged, dull, isidiate; LOBES

round, horizontal near center, somewhat erect near margin, <5 mm wide,

the margins entire to somewhat lacerate; 1stp1A laminal, mostly on ridges,

concolorous with the thallus or darker, not wrinkled, not apically collapsed,

granular when young, cylindrical and coralloid when mature; LOWER

SURFACE paler, irregularly striate, with scattered tufts of white hairs.

THALLUS homoiomerous, 100-200 um thick; CorTEx on both sides

consisting of a single layer of irregular, thin-walled cells of 5-7 um in diam.;

PHOTOBIONT Nostoc cells in chains, embedded in a gelatinous layer.

APOTHECIA not seen.

On mosses.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: CHINA. HUNAN PROVINCE, Sangzhi County, Mt. Tianpingshan,

29°44’N 110°00’E, on moss, 19/VIII/1997, J.B. Chen & D.P. Wang 9606 (HMAS-L

031566).

REMARKS: Leptogium coralloideum is characterized by the coralloid isidia

distributed mainly along ridges on upper surface, and the lower surface with

striates and few hairs. It is widely distributed worldwide, especially common

in tropical and temperate regions (Aragon & al. 2005, Jorgensen & Nash

2004, Jorgensen 1994). The single specimen from China is morphologically

similar to those reported outside the country.

Five coralloid-isidiate species—Leptogium burnetiae C.W. Dodge,

L. cyanescens (Rabenh.) Korb., L. laceroides B. de Lesd., L. lichenoides (L.)

Zahlbr. [= Scytinium lichenoides (L.) Otalora & al.], and L. pseudopapillosum

P.M. Jorg.—have been reported in China (Jatta 1902, Wei 1991, Jorgensen

1997, Aptroot & al. 2002, Wang & al. 2010). Both L. burnetiae and

L. pseudopapillosum differ from L. coralloideum by the dense, >100 um long

hairs covering the lower surface; L. lichenoides differs by its semi-erect to

erect lobes and marginal isidia; L. cyanescens differs by its thinner lobes and

upper surface without ridges; and L. laceroides differs by its smooth upper

surface and dense hairs on lower surface.

Leptogium milligranum Sierk, Bryologist 67: 290 (1964). PLD

THALLUS foliose, irregular in outline, 4 cm in diam.; UPPER SURFACE gray-

green when dry, glabrous, longitudinally wrinkled, isidiate; LoBEs irregular

or somewhat indistinct, 2-8 mm wide, horizontal, often anastomosing,

partly fenestrate, margin incised, occasionally with granular isidia; 1stp1a

58 ... Xia &al.

laminal, numerous, granular, simple, sometimes also cylindrical and slightly

branched, glabrous, without wrinkles; LOWER SURFACE paler, with scattered

tufts of white hairs.

THALLUS homoiomerous, 180-280 um thick; CorRTEx on both sides

consisting of a single layer of subglobose, thin-walled cells of 4-7 um in

diam.; PHOTOBIONT Nostoc cells in chains, embedded in a gelatinous layer.

APOTHECIA not seen.

Corticolous.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: CHINA. YUNNAN PROVINCE, Yimen County, 24°40’N 102°06’E,

alt. 1980 m, on bark, 24/IX/2012, L.S. Wang & al. 12-35195 (KUN).

REMARKS: Leptogium milligranum is characterized by the green thallus,

numerous granular isidia and wrinkles on upper surface, the indistinct,

anastomosing lobes, and the sparsely rhizinate lower surface. Four granular-

isidiate species—L. asiaticum P.M. Jorg., L. papillosum (B. de Lesd.) C.W.

Dodge, L. saturninum (Dicks.) Nyl., and L. weii H.J. Liu & S. Guan—have

been reported in China (Jatta 1902, Zahlbruckner 1930, Wang & al. 2010,

Liu & Guan 2012), but they have distinct, round, non-anastomosing lobes.

Leptogium milligranum has been recorded from North America, Central

America, Galapagos Islands, and India (Sierk 1964, Awasthi & Akhtar 1979,

Jorgensen & Nash 2004, Bungartz 2008). Our specimen falls within the range

of morphological variation of those reported from outside China.

Leptogium subtile (Schrad.) Torss., Enum. Lich. Byssac. Scandin.: 54 (1843). PL. 1E,F

THALLUS minutely foliose, partly forming a pulvinate cushion, irregularly

in outline, <4 cm in diam.; UPPER SURFACE bluish when dry, glabrous,

smooth, dull; Lopes dense, membranaceous, deeply dissected, 1-2 mm wide

near center, <0.5 mm wide near margin, free to suberect at margin, entire;

ISIDIA and LOBULES absent; LOWER SURFACE concolorous with upper surface,

without wrinkles, with scattered tufts of white hairs. APOTHECIA scattered,

laminal, sessile; disc red brown, 0.2-0.4 mm in diam., dull; THALLINE

MARGIN persistent, concolorous with thallus or paler, glabrous, entire,

without wrinkles and isidia.

PLaTE 1. Leptogium askotense (KUN Wang 04-23160). A. Thallus with apothecia. Leptogium

coralloideum (HMAS-L 031566). B. Thallus; C. Upper surface, showing isidia on ridges.

Leptogium milligranum (KUN Wang 12-35195). D. Thallus, showing dense, granular isidia.

Leptogium subtile (KUN Wang 05-24245). E. Thallus; F. Lobes and apothecia. Scale bars: A = 20

mm; B, D, E=10 mm; C =5 mm; F=2 mm.

New Leptogium records (China) ...

60 ... Xia & al.

THALLUS homoiomerous, 40-50 um thick; CoRTEx on both sides

consisting ofa single layer of subglobose to slightly irregular, thin-walled cells

of 3-6 um in diam.; PHOTOBIONT Nostoc in chains. APOTHECIA lecanorine;

EPITHECIUM yellowish to sometimes brown, about 10 um thick; HYMENIUM

100-150 um thick; suBHYMENIUM 20-30 um thick; PROPER EXCIPLE not

seen; ASCI clavate, 8-spored; ascospores colourless, ellipsoid, obtuse at both

ends, muriform, 4—6-septate transversely, 1-2-septate longitudinally, 20-30

x 10-12 um.

On moss-covered barks.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: CHINA. YUNNAN PROVINCE, Yuanyang County, Huangcaoling

Town, 22°57’N 102°37’E, alt. 1200 m, on bark, 16/1/2005, L.S. Wang 05-24245 (KUN).

ReMaRKs: Leptogium subtile is easily distinguished from other species

in China by its minutely foliose and thin thallus, dissected, narrow and

membranaceous lobes, smooth upper surface, and small, sessile apothecia.

It was previously known from North America, Europe, and Asia (Jorgensen

1994, Kashiwadani & al. 2002, Jorgensen & Nash 2004, Aragon & al. 2005).

It is rare in China with only one collection, which falls in the range of

morphological variation of those from outside China.

Acknowledgements

This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China

(31093440), Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province (C2014201032), the Key

Bioengineering Discipline of Hebei Province (1050-5030023), and the Key Laboratory

of Microbial Diversity Research and Application of Hebei Province. The authors are

grateful to Prof. Li-Song Wang (Kunming Institute of Botany, CAS), Prof. Jiang-Chun

Wei and Ms. Hong Deng (Institute of Microbiology, CAS) for sending the specimens

on loan, and Dr. Xin-Yu Wang (Kunming Institute of Botany, CAS) and Dr. Ze-Feng

Jia (College of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, China) for reading and improving

the manuscript as presubmission reviewers.

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MY COTAXON

January-March 2018— Volume 133, pp. 63-69

https://doi.org/10.5248/133.63

Castanediella diversispora sp. nov.

from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

PHELIPE M.O. CosTa', MARCELA A. BARBOSA’, GABRIELA V.R. DA SILVA’,

DAYNET SOSA?*4, SIMON PEREZ-MARTINEZ‘*, RAFAEL F. CASTANEDA-RUIZ°,

ELAINE MALOSSO”

"Centro de Biociéncias, Departamento de Micologia &

? Programa de Pés-Graduagao em Biologia de Fungos,

Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida da Engenharia,

s/n Cidade Universitaria, Recife, PE, 50.740-600, Brazil

° Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, (CIBE),

Campus Gustavo Galindo Km. 30.5 Via Perimetral,

PO. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador

‘Universidad Estatal de Milagro (UNEMI), Facultad de Ingenieria,

Cdla. Universitaria Km. 1.5 via Milagro-Km26. Milagro 091706, Guayas, Ecuador

° Instituto de Investigaciones Fundamentales en Agricultura (INIFAT),

Tropical ‘Alejandro de Humboldt’, OSDE, Grupo Agricola,

Calle 1 Esq. 2, Santiago de Las Vegas, C. Habana, Cuba, C.P. 17200

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: elaine.malosso@ufpe.br

AxBsTRACT—Castanediella diversispora, collected from decaying leaves of an unidentified

plant in Pernambuco state, Brazil, is described and illustrated as a new species characterized

by three conidial morphologies: i) cylindrical, with both ends uncinate, ii) cylindrical to

subacerose with an uncinate apex and attenuated base, iii) and long filiform with an obtuse

apex and attenuated base. A key to Castanediella species is provided.

KEY WORDS—asexual ascomycete, hyphomycete, taxonomy, tropical fungi

Introduction

The Brazilian Atlantic Forest, regarded as the oldest Brazilian forest, is

considered a complex biome that contains a species’ diversity higher than

most Amazon forests and with extremely high levels of endemism (Colombo

& Joly 2010, Rizzini 1997). Several studies in the forest have revealed novel

64 ... Costa & al.

taxa and new records of conidial fungi (Barbosa & al. 2016, Costa & al.

2016a,b, Marques & al. 2008, Oliveira & al. 2015). During a mycological

survey of microfungi associated with leaf litter in the Brazilian Atlantic

Forest, we collected a striking fungus that is described as a new Castanediella

species.

Materials & methods

Individual collections were placed in plastic bags, taken to the laboratory, and

treated according to Castafeda-Ruiz & al. (2016). Mounts were prepared in lactic

acid (90%) or (following Carmichael 1955) polyvinyl alcohol-glycerol (8 g PVA

in 100 mL of water + 5 mL of glycerol) and lactofuchsin (0.1 g acid fuchsin, 100

mL 85% lactic acid). Microscopical characters were measured at x1000 using an

Olympus CX41 microscope with phase contrast optics and photographed using a

Nikon Eclipse Ni-U microscope with DIC optics and a Nikon DS-Fi2 camera. The

holotype is deposited in the Herbarium of Universidade Federal de Pernambuco,

Recife, Brazil (URM).

Taxonomy

Castanediella diversispora P.M.O. Costa, Malosso & R.F. Castafieda, sp. nov.

MycoBank MB824478 Fics 1, 2

Differs from Castanediella cagnizarii by its conidia that are 1-3-septate with

scolecospore-like shape.

Type: Brazil, Pernambuco, Igarassu, RPPN Reftigio Ecoldgico Charles Darwin,

7°48’S 34°57’W, on decaying leaves of an unidentified plant, 12.V.2017, coll. P.M.O.

Costa (Holotype, URM 90135).

ErymMo_oey: Latin, diversi-, means diverse, varied, or different + -spora, referring to

the conidia.

CONIDIOMATA on the natural substrate sporodochia, scattered, sometimes

coalescent amphigenous, slightly pulvinate, yellowish-white or white.

Mycelium mostly superficial, composed of septate, branched, pale brown

or brown, smooth-walled hyphae, 1-2.5 um diam. CONIDIOPHORES

micronematous or semi-macronematous erect, forming a compact cluster,

pale brown to brown, smooth-walled. CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS polyblastic,

discrete, sympodial, minutely denticulate at the inflated apex, arising

terminally and laterally from the superficial hyphae, pale brown to brown,

smooth-walled, 4-9 x 2-3.5 um. Conidial secession schizolytic. CONIDIA

solitary, acrogenous, hyaline, smooth-walled, exhibiting three different

conidial morphologies: i) cylindrical, slightly uncinate at the ends, straight,

1-septate, 11.5-16 x 2 um; ii) cylindrical to slightly subacerose, slightly uncinate

at the apex, abruptly attenuated at the base, straight, 1-septate, 19.5-25 x

Castanediella diversispora sp. nov. (Brazil) ... 65

<' S

-_ ~) 4 — 2

RAS A e.. “ie

a <~ = ~ Fe

Fic 1. Castanediella diversispora (ex holotype, URM 90135). A-C. Conidia. D. Conidiogenous cell

and conidia. E-G. Fascicles containing one long filiform conidium. Scale bars = 10 um.

1.5-2 um; iii) long filiform, obtuse or rounded at the apex attenuated at the

base, straight or curved, 1-3-septate, 28.5-47 x 1 um.

Notes: Crous & al. (2015a) established the genus Castanediella Hern.-Restr. &

al., typified by C. acaciae; its nine other species are C. cagnizarii,

C. communis, C. couratarii, C. eucalypti, C. eucalypticola, C. eucalyptigena,

C. hyalopenicillata, C. malaysiana, and C. ramosa (Crous & al. 2015a,b, 2016,

2017; Crous & Wingfield 2016; Hernandez-Restrepo & al. 2016a,b). The

66 ... Costa & al.

10 um

10um o

Fic 2. Castanediella diversispora (ex holotype, URM 90135), A. Cylindrical conidia with uncinate

ends. B. Cylindrical to subacerose conidia with uncinate apex and attenuated base. C. Long filiform

conidia with obtuse apex and attenuated base. D. Conidiogenous cell and conidia.

Castanediella diversispora sp. nov. (Brazil) ... 67

genus Castanediella is distinguished by conidiomata that are sporodochial,

scattered, sometimes coalescent, pulvinate, punctate or rudimentary, white

to yellow, and composed of branched, compact, penicillate, pale brown

or brown conidiophores with conidiogenous cells that are polyblastic,

sympodial cylindrical, lageniform or subulate, terminal or discrete, and

denticulate (usually with numerous inconspicuous teeth at the inflated apex).

The conidia are falcate, lunate, subcylindrical, fusiform or clavate, unicellular

or septate, hyaline, and smooth.

Castanediella diversispora resembles C. cagnizarii (R.F. Castafieda & W.B.

Kendr.) Crous & al., which differs by its (0O—)1-septate, cylindrical or fusiform

conidia that are usually curved at both ends, with two sizes: 12-17 x 1.5-2 um

and 21-25 x 1.5-2 um (Castaneda-Ruiz & Kendrick 1991).

Key to Castanediella species

haConidia taleateorlunate kek A et kN eel aaah tek gabe all ek walt ork 2

he Conidia-notas above Map. ces nes seis nate e eee Lane Lu bles EN ete a Bn ata eM nti a 9

2eConidia always O-septate 0 Peo 82 tows Oo seman © tinted 6 schon seemed 's wi tay dete at oon al e:

DMS OME SERIAL 2. bate I ute AA Sle te Bs AOE Se MOE IRON Ua ME In A ee Z

S eC omicdoplenes, DrAaTICHed Pex cy: Pax cea Pax scree Pa caer ee pce ep onaeege PPG carter eps eee pee za 4

s-Conidiophores unbranched 85688 ae Pies Pi ok MEE ek Ml tae MPL sae ell Ba Ria, 5

4. Chlamydospores absent; conidia falcate with subobtuse ends, biguttulate,

reo Lapp ed Uo gag UD 0 OO Aang BAe SEN DRA OM A AD aOR cP aE C. acaciae

. Chlamydospores globose, brown, 4-10 um diam, forming in chains;

conidia falcate with subobtuse ends, guttulate,

(TSAO EP DNS 2 Bs TINS a ser cbt any eaetig pant aby Panta: pantlgbhstiaks os C. communis

5. Conidiophores frequently reduced to conidiogenous cells,

conidia falcate with subobtusely rounded acute ends, biguttulate,

(13-)18-24(-30) x 2(-2.5) um, aggregated in mucoid clusters .. C. eucalyptigena

5. Conidiophores not reduced to conidiogenous cells ........... 0.0... eee e eee eee 6

6. Conidia falcate with subobtuse apex and truncate base, biguttulate,

S208 2 6( ESO nied DSi, cur a. ue Ekta ge peed aban ad C. eucalypticola

6. Conidia falcate with two subobtuse ends,

le aD CSS 2D 5 i sous aa uice Hoag due peed’ sim Boat as olay pote C. eucalypti

7. Chlamydospores absent, conidia falcate to lunate, 18-30 x 2-3 um ... C. malaysiana

YC hlanivdospores:- Present ssc scene wareh a kate eae ea pte ee sleet hte eM Melee weed 8

8. Chlamydospores globose or subglobose, intercalary or in branched chains, brown,

conidia lunate, 0(-1)-septate, 10-22 x 1.5-2.5um............... C. couratarii

8. Chlamydospores elliptical or globose, brown,

conidia falcate, (0—)1(-3)-septate, 26-44 x 2-3 um ................ C. ramosa

68 ... Costa & al.

9. Conidia uniform in shape and size: cylindrical, subacerose to fusiform,

apex obtuse, base pointed, 0-1-septate, 14-24 x 2-3 um .... C. hyalopenicillata

Or@onidia Toul Grim in shapesanicssizes | Pit, Sev Pet oel ea el na el wa the dl ies 10

10. Conidia cylindrical or fusiform, usually 1-septate and curved at both ends

(apex sometimes obtuse), of two sizes: 12-17 x 1.5-2 um

and 2d 25 ea SO ZT ante sat ake 2M abe tact abe raat pasta paatlal: basta ies C. cagnizarii

10. Conidia in three shapes and sizes, i) cylindrical, 1-septate, 11.5-16 x 2 um;

ii) cylindrical to slightly subacerose, 1-septate, 19.5-25 x 1.5-2 um;

iii) long filiform, 1-3-septate, 28.5-47 x lum ................ C. diversispora

Acknowledgments

The authors express their sincere gratitude to Dr. Margarita Hernandez-Restrepo

and Dr. De-Wei Li for their critical review of the manuscript. The authors are grateful to

Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES) for financial

support (Project 88881.062172/2014-01) and Programa Ciéncia sem Fronteiras. RFCR

is grateful to the Cuban Ministry of Agriculture for facilities. DS is grateful to the Escuela

Superior Politécnica del Litoral (ESPOL), CIBE, for financial support. We acknowledge

the websites provided by Dr. PRM. Kirk (Index Fungorum) and Drs. V. Robert and

K. Bensch (MycoBank). Dr. Lorelei Norvell’s editorial review and Dr. Shaun Pennycook’s

nomenclature review are greatly appreciated.

Literature cited

Barbosa MA, Costa PMO, Malosso E, Castafteda-Ruiz RE 2016. Codinaea leomaiae sp. nov. from

the Brazilian Atlantic forest. Mycotaxon 131: 423-428. https://doi.org/10.5248/131.423

Carmichael JW. 1955. Lacto-fuchsin: a new medium for mounting fungi. Mycologia 47: 611.

Castafieda-Ruiz RF, Kendrick WB. 1991. Ninety-nine conidial fungi from Cuba & three from

Canada. University of Waterloo Biology Series 35. 132 p.

Castafieda-Ruiz RF, Heredia G, Gusmao LFP, Li DW. 2016. Fungal diversity of Central and

South America. 197-217, in: DW Li (ed.). Biology of Microfungi, Springer International

Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29137-6_9

Costa PMO, Barbosa MA, Araujo MAG, Malosso E, Castafieda-Ruiz RF. 2016a. Stachybotryna

longispiralis sp. nov. from the Brazilian Atlantic forest. Mycotaxon 131: 429-433.

https://doi.org/10.5248/131.429

Costa PMO, Barbosa MA, Malosso E, Castafeda-Ruiz RE 2016b. Anaverticicladus

uncinatus gen. & sp. nov. from decaying leaves from Brazil. Mycotaxon 131: 687-691.

https://doi.org/10.5248/131.687

Colombo AF, Joly CA. 2010. Brazilian Atlantic Forest lato sensu: the most ancient Brazilian

forest and a biodiversity hotspot, is highly threatened by climate change. Brazilian Journal of

Biology. 70: 697-708. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842010000400002

Crous PW, Hernandez-Restrepo M, Groenewald JZ, Wingfield MJ. 2015a. Fungal Planet 326 & 327

- 10 June 2015. 186-187, in: Crous & al. Fungal Planet description sheets: 320-370. Persoonia

34: 167-266. http://www.fungalplanet.org/content/pdf-files/FungalPlanet326.pdf

Crous PW, Hernandez-Restrepo M, Groenewald JZ, Wingfield MJ. 2015b. Fungal Planet 328 & 329

- 10 June 2015. 188-189, in: Crous & al. Fungal Planet description sheets: 320-370. Persoonia

34: 167-266. http://www.fungalplanet.org/content/pdf-files/FungalPlanet328.pdf

Castanediella diversispora sp. nov. (Brazil) ... 69

Crous PW, Wingfield MJ. 2016. Fungal Planet 504—21 December 2016. 296-297, in: Crous & al.

Fungal Planet description sheets: 469-557. Persoonia 37: 218-403.

Crous PW, Wingfield MJ, Le Roux JJ, Richardson DM, Strasberg D. 2016. Fungal Planet 414 & 415

—4 July 2016. 350-351, in: Crous & al. Fungal Planet description sheets: 400-468. Persoonia

36: 316-458. http://www.fungalplanet.org/content/pdf-files/FungalPlanet414.pdf

Crous PW, Groenewald JZ, Wingfield MJ, Burgess TI, Hardy GEStJ. 2017. Fungal Planet 668—20

December 2017. 368-369, in: Crous & al. Fungal Planet description sheets: 625-715. Persoonia

39: 270-467. http://www.fungalplanet.org/content/pdf-files/FungalPlanet668.pdf

Hernandez-Restrepo M, Groenewald JZ, Crous PW. 2016a. Taxonomic and phylogenetic re-

evaluation of Microdochium, Monographella and Idriella. Persoonia 36: 57-82.

https://doi.org/10.3767/003158516X688676

Hernandez-Restrepo M, Schumacher RK, Wingfield MJ, Ahmad I, Cai L & al. 2016b. Fungal

Systematics and Evolution: FUSE 2. Sydowia 68: 193-230.

Marques MFO, Gusmao LFP, Maia LC. 2008. Riqueza de espécies de fungos conidiais em duas areas

de Mata Atlantica no Morro da Pioneira, Serra da Jibdia, BA, Brasil. Acta Botanica Brasileira

22: 954-961. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-33062008000400006

Oliveira MS, Malosso E, Castafieda-Ruiz RF. 2015. A new species and a new combination in

Codinaea from Brazil. Mycotaxon 130: 1045-1049. https//doi.org/10.5248/130.1045

Rizzini CT. 1997. Tratado de fitogeografia do Brasil. 2de. Ambito Cultural Edicées Ltda.

MY COTAXON

January-March 2018— Volume 133, pp. 71-77

https://doi.org/10.5248/133.71

Varicellaria emeiensis sp. nov.

and a review of the genus in China

JIANHUA ZHOU & QIANG REN*

College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University,

Jinan 250014, China

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: rendagiang@hotmail.com

ABSTRACT—A new species, Varicellaria emeiensis, is described from Sichuan Province,

southwest China. It is characterized by its lecanorate apothecia with heavily white-pruinose

discs, 8-spored ascus, and the presence of lecanoric acid. Additional material is reported for

four Varicellaria species previously recorded from China, and a key is provided to the five

species known from China.

Key worps—Ochrolechiaceae, Pertusariales, lichens, taxonomy

Introduction

The circumscription of Varicellaria Nyl. was enlarged by Schmitt & al.

(2012), a genus now characterized by its disciform ascomata, non-amyloid

hymenial gel, strongly amyloid asci, 0-1-septate ascospores with thick one-

layered walls, and the presence of lecanoric acid. All the described species

contain lecanoric acid, and may also contain lichexanthone or variolaric acid

(Schmitt & al. 2012).

In China, Varicellaria rhodocarpa was first reported by Ren & al. (2003), and

V. lactea by Ren & Li (2013), and Zhao & al. (2004) and Ren (2011) reported

two other Varicellaria species as Pertusaria. During the revision of Varicellaria

in China, some specimens identified as Pertusaria carneopallida by Ren (2011)

and Ochrolechia pallescens by Ren & Jia (2011) have been reexamined, revealing

a new species, described here as Varicellaria emeiensis.

72... Zhou & Ren

Material & methods

The holotype specimen is conserved in the lichen herbarium of Herbarium

Mycologicum, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (HMAS-L); other

examined specimens are preserved in CANL, HMAS-L, KUN, SDNU, and

TNS-L. The morphology of all specimens was studied using an Olympus SZX16

stereomicroscope and an Olympus BX61 compound microscope and photographed

using an attached Olympus DP72 digital camera. The secondary metabolites were

identified by spot tests and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) using solvents A, B,

and C (Elix 2014).

Taxonomy

Varicellaria emeiensis Q. Ren, sp. nov. PL.1

FUNGAL NAME EN 570520

Differs from Varicellaria velata by its 8-spored asci and much smaller ascospores and

from Pertusaria carneopallida by the presence of lecanoric acid.

Type: China: Sichuan, Mt. Emei, alt. 3160 m, on Abies sp., 17 Aug. 1963, Zhao & Xu

07669 (Holotype, HMAS-L 0019875).

ErymMo oey: The specific epithet emeiensis refers to the locality of the type collection,

Mt. Emei, located in Sichuan Province, southwest China.

Thallus grey, thin, prothallus absent, not zoned, surface slightly tuberculate,

shiny or dull; soredia and isidia absent. Apothecia lecanorate, round to

irregular, numerous, well dispersed, concolourous with thallus, mostly single,

rarely 2-3 fused, 0.7-0.8(-1) mm diam.; disc pale red-brown, plane, covered

with heavily white pruina; epithecium hyaline to brownish, K-; hypothecium

hyaline; ascospores 8 per ascus, uniseriate or irregularly biseriate, round or

ellipsoidal to broad-ellipsoidal, 20-27.5 x 12-20 um; ascospore wall smooth,

2-3 um thick, and end wall not trimmed.

CHEMISTRY—cortex K-, C-, KC-, Pd-, UV-; medulla K-, C+ red, KC+ red,

Pd-. Lecanoric acid (TLC).

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: CHINA: SICHUAN, Mt. Emei, Qianfo Ding, 3100

m, on bark, 14 Nov. 1964, Wei 2253 (HMAS-L: Ren 2011 (as Pertusaria carneopallida);

Jinding, 3160 m, on Abies sp., 17. Aug. 1963, Zhao & Xu 7775, 7968, 7875, 7971

(HMAS-L); on Abies sp., 19 Apr. 1994, Weis. n. (HMAS-L; Ren & Jia 2011 (as Ochrolechia

pallescens); 3050 m, on bark, 27 Sept. 2001, Jia S243 (HMAS-L); Xixiang Chi, 2200 m, on

bark of broadleaf tree, 14 Aug. 1963, Zhao & Xu 7367 (HMAS-L); Taizi Ping, 2800 m, on

rotten wood, 18. Aug. 1963, Zhao & Xu 8190 (HMAS-L).

ComMENTS— Varicellaria emeiensis, which is characterized by its lecanorate

apothecia with heavily white-pruinose discs, 8-spored ascus, and the presence of

lecanoric acid, was erroneously reported from Mt. Emei in China as Pertusaria

carneopallida (Nyl.) Anzi ex Nyl. by Ren (2011) and Ochrolechia pallescens

Varicellaria emeiensis sp. nov. (China) ... 73

a meh "

EES GEN ¢

PiaTE 1. Varicellaria emeiensis (holotype, HMAS-L 0019875). A. Thallus showing disciform

apothecia with heavy white pruina and red-brown disc; B. Apothecium cross-section showing

8-spored ascus. Scale bars: A = 1 mm, B = 100 um.

(L.) A. Massal. by Ren & Jia (2011). Varicellaria emeiensis morphologically

resembles V. velata and Pertusaria carneopallida; V. velata is distinguished

by producing one much larger (160-250 um long) ascospore per ascus, while

P. carneopallida contains gyrophoric acid (Dibben 1980).

74 ... Zhou & Ren

Varicellaria hemisphaerica (Flérke) I. Schmitt & Lumbsch,

Mycokeys 4: 29 (2012).

Thallus bluish-gray; prothallus white, distinct, zoned; soralia white, convex,

0.3-1.5 mm in diam., often confluent; soredia granular; on well-lit tree bark.

Apothecia not seen.

CHEMISTRY—cortex K-, C-, KC-, Pd-, UV-; medulla and soralia K-, C+

red, KC+ red, Pd-. Lecanoric acid (TLC).

SELECTED SPECIMENS EXAMINED: CHINA: Fujian, Mt. Wuyi, Zhumu Gang, 1480 m,

on bark, 4 Oct. 1981, Qian 03084 (HMAS-L). StcHUAN, Mt. Emei, Jinding, 3160 m,

on bark, 17 Aug. 1963, Zhao & Xu 7905 (HMAS-L). X1zANG, Chayu Co., Chawalong

Town, 3800 m, on bark, 27 Sep. 1982, Su 5020 (HMAS-L). YUNNAN, Zhongdian Co.

[now Xianggelila Co.], Bigu Forest Farm, 2300 m, on Picea sp., 13 Aug. 1981, Wang &

al. 5345 (HMAS-L).

ComMENTS— Varicellaria hemisphaerica, growing on rough, well-lit, lower part

of trunk, very rarely on rock, is characterized by its pale bluish-grey tinged

thallus; conspicuous, paler or concolorous, and convex soralia; and the presence

of lecanoric acid (Chambers & al. 2009, as Pertusaria hemisphaerica). It might

be confused with Ochrolechia androgyna (Hoffm.) Arnold and V. lactea.

Ochrolechia androgyna is distinguished by a grey-white thallus containing

gyrophoric and fatty acids and the absence of a prothallus (Ren 2017). When

growing on rock, V. hemisphaerica resembles V. lactea, which differs in its

white, regularly rimose-cracked thallus; only slightly convex, pure white,

discrete soralia; and growth on well-lit, dry siliceous rock (Ren & Li 2013).

This species has been reported from Fujian, Xizang, and Sichuan Provinces

as Pertusaria hemisphaerica (Ren & Zhao 2004, Zhao & al. 2004, Ren 2011).

Specimens erroneously reported as (1) P hemisphaerica from Yunnan Province

by Zhao & al. (2004), Ren & Zhao (2004), and Ren (2011) should be revised

as Ochrolechia mahluensis Rasanen (Ren 2017) and (2) P hemisphaerica from

Gansu Province by Yang & al. (2008) contain picrolichenic acid and are assigned

to Lepra amara (Ach.) Hafellner.

Varicellaria lactea (L.) 1. Schmitt & Lumbsch, Mycokeys 4: 31 (2012).

Thallus white to grey-white, thick, smooth, dull, regularly rimose-areolate;

prothallus distinct, often zoned; soralia white, scattered, rounded, 0.5-1.5 mm

in diam.; often on dry, siliceous rock. Apothecia not seen.

CHEMISTRY—cortex K-, C+ yellowish, KC+ red, Pd-, UV-; medulla and

soralia K-, C+ red, KC+ red, Pd—. Lecanoric and variolaric acids (TLC).

SELECTED SPECIMENS EXAMINED: CHINA: HEILONGJIANG, Tahe Co., Baikalu Shan,

800 m, on rock, 25 Aug. 2011, Cheng 20125512 (SDNU). JILin, Mt. Changbai, Changbai

Waterfall, 1950 m, on rock, 20 Jul. 2014, Hu 20141175 (SDNU). NE1 MENGGu, Aershan

Varicellaria emeiensis sp. nov. (China) ... 75

City, Jiguan Shan, 1400 m, on rock, 29 Aug. 2011, Jiang 20124938, 20124759 (SDNU).

SHAANXI, Mt. Taibai, Paomaliang, 3600 m, on granite, 30 Dec. 1963, Ma & Zong 256

(HMAS-L). YUNNAN, Jianchuan Co., Shibao Shan, 2640 m, on siliceous rock, 17 Aug.

2011, Ren 1745 (SDNU).

ComMENTS—Varicellaria lactea is characterized by its white-grey thallus

with a regularly rimose-areolate surface; round, white soralia; the presence

of lecanoric and variolaric acids; and the substrate of dry, siliceous or slightly

calcareous rock. Apothecia were not seen in Chinese material (Ren & Li 2013).

This species might be confused with V. hemisphaerica, which is distinguished

by a pale blue-grey thallus with paler convex soralia. Lepra excludens (Nyl.)

Hafellner also occurs on rocks but produces a C- medulla and soralia.

Varicellaria rhodocarpa (Kérb.) Th. Fr., Lich. Scand. 1: 322 (1871).

Thallus thin, smooth, shiny, epruinose, whitish to yellowish, isidia and

soredia absent. Fertile verrucae scattered, 0.5-1.2 mm in diam. Apothecia

1 or 2-3 per verruca, with pinkish or yellowish disc; asci 1-spored; ascospores

hyaline, 1-septate, 227-270 x 55-110 um; ascospore walls 10-27 um thick.

CHEMISTRY—cortex K-, C-, KC-, Pd-, UV- or + orange; medulla K-,

C+ red, KC+ red, Pd—. Lecanoric acid, + lichexanthone (TLC).

SELECTED SPECIMENS EXAMINED: CHINA: GANSU, Wenxian Co., Qiujiaba, 2550 m,

on bark, 3 Aug. 2007, Yang 20070152 (SDNU). SHAANXI, Ningshan Co., Pingheliang,

2200 m, on bark, 28 Jul. 2005, Zhao 965 (HMAS-L). X1zANG, Chayu Co., Zhula Pass

between Azha and Lagu Yangge, 4150 m, on moss, 12 Aug. 1973, Zhang s.n. (HMAS-L).

YUNNAN, Xianggelila Co., Shika Snow Mountain, 4100 m, on bark, 2 Nov. 2008, Sun

20081976 (SDNU).

CoMMENTS—Varicellaria rhodocarpa is an arctic-alpine species growing on

bark, rock, or mosses that has been reported from Europe, North America,

and Japan (Oshio 1968). This species, characterized by its large, 2-celled

ascospores (227-270 um long), was first reported in China by Ren & al. (2003).

The specimens examined indicate two chemotypes: the common chemotype

of the species containing lecanoric acid only, and chemotype 2 with additional

lichexanthone. Varicellaria rhodocarpa resembles a poorly developed V. velata,

which is otherwise distinguished by a 1-celled ascospore.

Varicellaria velata (Turner) I. Schmitt & Lumbsch, Mycokeys 4: 31 (2012).

Thallus grey-white, smooth to wrinkled and rimose-cracked, shiny or

dull; prothallus distinct, zoned; isidia and soredia absent. Apothecia disk-like,

abundant, well-scattered, rarely confluent, 0.2-1.0 mm in diam., with pinkish

or yellowish disc covered with white pruina; asci 1-spored; ascospores hyaline,

large, 160-250 x 60-80um; ascospore walls 10-31 um.

76 ... Zhou & Ren

CHEMISTRY—cortex K-, C-, KC-, Pd-, UV- or + orange; medulla K-, C+

red, KC+ red, Pd-. Lecanoric acid, + lichexanthone (TLC).

SELECTED SPECIMENS EXAMINED: CHINA: ANHUI, Huoshan Co., Baimajian, 1200 m,

on bark, 9 Jun. 2011, Dong 20113177 (SDNU). Fuy1an, Wuyishan City, Tongmu Village,

1200 m, on bark, 26 Oct. 2010, Li 20105773 (SDNU). Gansu, Zhouqu Co., Huacaopo,

3300 m, on Abies sp., 29 Jul. 2006, Yang & Shi 060935 (SDNU). Guanex1, Tianlin Co.,

Cenwanglao Shan, 1900 m, on bark, 23 Mar. 2011, Li 20110677 (SDNU). Gu1zHoU, Mt.

Fanjing, near Chengen Temple, 27°54’N 108°41’E, 2120 m, on bark of broadleaf tree,

8 Oct. 2012, Ren 2165 (SDNU). Hainan, Wuzhishan City, at the foot of Wuzhi Shan,

on bark, 20 Apr. 1993, Jiang & Guo H-1030-1 (HMAS-L). HEILONGJIANG, Yichun City,

Liangshui National Nature Reserve, 48°04’N 129°09’E, 305 m, on bark, 28 Aug. 2014,

Wei & al. HLJ201400944 (HMAS-L). Huse, Shennongjia, 2830 m, on bark, 9 Jul. 1984,

Wu 8400528 (HMAS-L). HuNAN, Sangzhi Co., Bagong Shan, 1400 m, on Castanea

mollissima, 24 Nov. 2010, Li 20106288 (SDNU). JIANGx1, Mt. Lushan, Xiao Tianchi, on

bark, 15 Jun. 1955, Wu 550035 (HMAS-L). JILIN, Helong City, Zengfeng Shan, 1600 m,

on bark, 19 Aug. 2011, Cheng 20120288 (SDNU). LIAONING, Kuandian Co., Baishilazi

Nature Reserve, 40°52’N 124°47’E, 450 m, on rock, 8 Sep. 1989, Chen 7186 (CANL).

SHAANXI, Mt. Taibai, on the roadside between Dadian and Doumu Temple, 2650 m, on

siliceous rock, 3 Aug. 2005, Ren 05-224 (SDNU). SIcHUAN, Jiuzhaigou Co., the Long

Lake, 33°02’27”N 103°56’06”E, 3060 m, on Picea sp., 12 Aug. 2016, Ren 4312 (SDNU).

TAIWAN, Taizhong Co., Rengechi, 31 Dec. 1925, Asahina 263 (TNS-L). X1IZANG, Chayu

Co., the north slope of Songta Snow Mountain, 3200 m, on bark, 26 Jun. 1982, Su 1778

(HMAS-L); Bomi Co., near Baka Village, 30°03’32”N 95°11’50”E, 2671 m, on rotten

wood, 7 Sep. 2014, Wei & Wang XZ20140339 (HMAS-L). YUNNAN, Lijiang City, Lijiang

Alpine Botanical Garden, 3210 m, on Quercus pannosa, 16 Aug. 2011, Ren 1553, 1556

(SDNU); Weixi Co., Laowu Houshan, 2600 m, on bark, 21 May 1982, Wang 82-344

(KUN); Dali City, Mt. Cangshan, 3000 m, on branch, 14 Aug. 2011, Ren 1385 (SDNU);

Xiangelila Co, Tiansheng Bridge, 3500 m, on bark, 3 Nov. 2008, Sun 20081262 (SDNU).

ZHEJIANG, Tiantai Shan, near the peak of Huading Shan, 910 m, on bark, 23 Aug. 1986,

Qian 04336 (HMAS-L).

ComMENTS— Varicellaria velata, a cosmopolitan species growing on various

substrates, is widespread in China (Zhao & al. 2004, Ren 2011, as Pertusaria

velata). This species is characterized by its disciform ascomata with pruinose to

sorediate discs, 1-spored asci, and the presence of lecanoric acid in all specimens

and additional lichexanthone in some specimens. The specimens examined

indicate two chemotypes: the common chemotype containing lecanoric acid

only and chemotype 2 with additional lichexanthone. Varicellaria velata

resembles Ochrolechia pallescens, which is distinguished by 8-spored asci,

much smaller (52-72 x 26-34 um) ascospores, and the presence of gyrophoric,

lecanoric, variolaric, and alecotoronic acids (Ren 2017).

Key to the species of Varicellaria known in China

hatsCospores:2 College ii cathe hee oe nen et eke oe ain een eee nts Mone V. rhodocarpa

PE SAScOspores LE CELEd OF ADSEI.. Sete, ycferne gk Me. oskeNt-g gp hehe o aStre. gute Siis 4 vege Mthe ser as 2

Varicellaria emeiensis sp. nov. (China) ... 77

Jae Thallussesorediate sr: 41.) 5 rly 2 rely 2 rely 2 rea Sor BO se BOT sara E tener Ae 3

2 bes Thalttis:serediate co aeiu emer need RRs Uae woe seems eae Te Beers Bees Pees 4

3a. Asci 1-spored; lecanoric acid (sometimes with additional lichexanthone). . V. velata

Sh AAscLS spared lecanorncacidt UF sack he oe ta Ate be Re 2 aR V. emeiensis

4a. Thallus corticolous (rarely saxicolous); lecanoric acid........... V. hemisphaerica

Ab. Thallus saxicolous; lecanoric and variolaric acids ..............0000 000s V. lactea

Acknowledgements

This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China

(31370066) and the Excellent Young Scholars Research Fund of Shandong Normal

University. CANL, HMAS-L, KUN and TNS-L are thanked for the loan of the specimens.

We are very grateful to Drs. André Aptroot (ABL Herbarium, Soest, The Netherlands)

and Shouyu Guo (Institute of Microbiology, CAS, China) for reviewing the manuscript.

Literature cited

Chambers SP, Gilbert OL, James PW, Aptroot A, Purvis OW. 2009. Pertusaria DC. 673-687,

in: CW Smith & al. (eds). The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland. British Lichen Society,

London.

Dibben MJ. 1980. The chemosystematics of the lichen genus Pertusaria in North America north of

Mexico. Publications in Biology and Geology, Milwaukee Public Museum 5. 162 p.

Elix JA. 2014. A catalogue of standardized thin-layer chromatographic data and biosynthetic

relationships for lichen substances, 3rd edition. Published by the author, Canberra.

Oshio M. 1968. Taxonomical studies on the family Pertusariaceae of Japan. Journal of Science of

the Hiroshima University, series B, Div. 2 (Botany), 12: 81-163.

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Present Status and Potentialities of Lichenology in China. Science Press, Beijing.

Ren Q. 2017. A revision of the lichen genus Ochrolechia in China. Lichenologist 49: 67-84.

https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282916000529

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329-33).

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216-218.

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circumscription of the genus Varicellaria (Pertusariales, Ascomycota). MycoKeys 4: 23-36.

https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.4.3545

Yang F, Ren Q, Shi XL, Zhang Q, Zhao ZT. 2008. The lichen genus Pertusaria from Bailong River

Valley of Gansu, China. Mycosystema 27: 622-626.

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Bryologist 107: 531-541. https://doi.org/10.1639/0007-2745(2004)107[531:AAKTTL]2.0.CO;2

MY COTAXON

January-March 2018— Volume 133, pp. 79-87

https://doi.org/10.5248/133.79

Teuvoa saxicola and T. alpina spp. nov.

and the genus in China

QIANG REN, L1 Hua ZHANG, XUE JIAO Hou

College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China

" CORRESPONDENCE TO: rendagiang@hotmail.com

ABSTRACT—Two new species, Teuvoa saxicola and T: alpina, are described from China.

Teuvoa saxicola differs from other Teuvoa species by its saxicolous habitat, and its yellow

brown, thick thallus. Teuvoa alpina resembles T. junipericola from western USA, but differs

by its smaller ascospores and its higher altitude habitat. The morphological characters of

the new species are illustrated. New material is described of T: tibetica, the only species

previously recorded from China. The morphological and phylogenetic characteristics of the

three species are discussed and compared with similar taxa.

Key worps—Megasporaceae, Pertusariales, Lobothallia, lichens, taxonomy

Introduction

The lichen genus Teuvoa Sohrabi & S.D. Leav. (Pertusariales, Megasporaceae)

was established based on the analysis of molecular sequence data and

morphological characters (Sohrabi & al. 2013). The lichen family Megasporaceae

has six genera: Aspicilia, Circinaria, Lobothallia, Megaspora, Sagedia, and

Teuvoa (Schmitt & al. 2006, Lumbsch & al. 2007, Nordin & al. 2010, Sohrabi &

al. 2013). Phylogenetic analysis by Sohrabi & al. (2013) supports Teuvoa as the

sister group to Lobothallia.

Teuvoa is characterized by its 8-spored asci, absence of extrolites, rather

short conidia and ascospores, lack of a subhypothecial algal layer, and

different substratum preferences (Sohrabi & al. 2013). Worldwide, there are

three described Teuvoa species: the terricolous T! tibetica and the epiphytic T:

junipericola Sohrabi & S.D. Leavitt and T: uxoris (Werner) Sohrabi & al. (Rico &

al. 2007; Sohrabi & al. 2010, 2013). During research on Aspicilia s. lat. in China's

80 ... Ren & al.

arid and semi-arid regions, two saxicolous specimens from different localities

and seven lignicolous specimens on conifers were collected. Morphological

characters placed these specimens in Teuvoa, a placement confirmed by ITS

sequence analyses. The saxicolous specimens are proposed here as a new

species, Teuvoa saxicola, and the lignicolous specimens as a new species, T:

alpina. New specimens are reported for T. tibetica, the only Teuvoa species

previously recorded from China.

Material & methods

Morphological & chemical studies

Specimens collected from arid and semi-arid regions in northwestern China and

preserved in the herbarium of Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China (SDNU),

and the lichen herbarium of Herbarium Mycologicum, Chinese Academy of Sciences,

Beijing, China (HMAS-L), were examined using an Olympus SZ51 dissecting

microscope and Olympus CX41 compound light microscope. Apothecial sections were

cut by hand and studied in water. Thalline cortex and medulla were spot tested (K, C,

KC, I), and lichen substances were assessed in all samples by thin-layer chromatography

(TLC) with solvent systems A, B, & C (Orange & al. 2001). Photographs were taken

with a DP72 camera attached to an Olympus SZX16 stereomicroscope and an Olympus

BX61 compound microscope.

Taxon sampling for DNA analyses

Nuclear ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA sequences of twenty-five specimens representing

ten species were used in the molecular study. Six new sequences were produced from

specimens collected in China and nineteen sequences were downloaded from GenBank

(TABLE 1). Lobothallia alphoplaca, L. crassimarginata, L. helanensis, L. melanaspis, L.

radiosa, and L. recedens were used as outgroup.

Extractions, PCR amplifications, sequencing

Total genomic DNA was extracted from the samples using the SanPrep Column

DNA Gel Extraction Kit following the manufacturer’s instructions. The complete ITS

region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) was amplified using the primer ITS1F (Gardes & Bruns 1993)

combined with ITS4 or ITS5 combined with ITS4 (White & al. 1990). The PCR thermal

cycling parameters were initial denaturation for 3 min at 94°C, followed by 35 cycles of

30 s at 94°C, 30 s at 52°C, 90 s at 72°C, and final elongation for 10 min at 72°C.

Amplification products were viewed on 0.8% agarose gels stained with ethidium

bromide. The PCR amplicons were sequenced by Sangon Biotech Co. Ltd. with an ABI

3730 XL DNA Analyzer.

Sequence alignment & phylogenetic analyses

Sequences were assembled and edited using the program Geneious v6.1.2.

Sequences were aligned using the program MAFFT v7 (Katoh & Toh 2008; Katoh

& al. 2009). For ITS sequences, we used the L-ING-i alignment algorithm with the

Teuvoa alpina & T. saxicola spp. nov. (China) ... 81

TABLE 1. Teuvoa and Lobothallia species used in the phylogenetic analyses

SPECIES LOCALITY VOUCHER (HERBARIUM) spe

T. alpina China, Xinjiang Li XL0306 (SDNU) [T] KX234706

T. aff. junipericola Iran Sohrabi 9507B (hb. M. Sohrabi) JX306740

T. junipericola USA, Utah Leavitt & Leavitt 850 (BRY-C54927) JX306751

USA, Utah Leavitt & Felix 845 (BRY-C54926) JX306750

USA, Utah St. Clair et al. 767 (BRY-C54923) JX306747

USA, Utah St. Clair et al. 742 (BRY-C54922) JX306744

USA, Utah Rosentreter 14521 (H) [T] JX306741

T. saxicola China, Qinghal Ren 2722 (SDNU) [T] KX234703

China, Xinjiang Ren 3352 (SDNU) KX234702

T. tibetica China, Xizang Cheng 20116450 (SDNU) KX234705

China, Xizang Cheng 20116469 (SDNU) KX234704

China, Qinghai Ren 2730 (SDNU) KX234707

China, Xizang Obermayer 04386 (H) [T] GU289915

T. aff. uxoris Turkey Halici s.n. (hb. Halici) JX306742

T. uxoris Spain Rico & Pizarro 3622B JX306746

Spain Rico & Pizarro 3622 (H) JX306743

Spain Rico & Pizarro 3622A JX306745

. alphoplaca USA, Utah Leavitt et al. 447 (BRY-C54921) JX306737

USA, Nevada Leavitt & Leavitt 849 (BRY—C54920) JX306739

L. crassimarginata China, Nei Menggu Wang 20122565 (SDNU) JX476026

L. helanensis China, Nei Menggu Tong 20122791 (SDNU) JX476031

L. melanaspis Norway Owe-Larsson 8943a JF825524

Sweden Nordin 6622 (UPS) HQ259272

L. radiosa Sweden Nordin 5889 (UPS) JF703124

L. recedens Sweden Nordin 6035 (UPS) HQ406807

Ex-type sequences are indicated by [T]. Newly obtained sequences are in bold.

remaining parameters set to default values. The alignments were analyzed by maximum

likelihood (ML) and a Bayesian (BI) Markov chain Monte Carlo approach (B\MCMC).

ML analyses were conducted in RAxML v8.2.6 (Stamatakis 2014). Bayesian analysis

was performed using the software MrBayes v3.2.3 (Huelsenbeck & Ronquist 2001).

Nucleotide substitution models were selected using the Akaike Information Criterion

in jModelTest v2.1.7 (Darriba & al. 2012). Two B\MCMC analyses of two parallel runs

were carried out for 10,000,000 generations. Each run included four chains, and trees

were sampled every 1000 generations. All model parameters were unlinked. After

discarding the burn-in, the remaining 7500 trees of each run were pooled to calculate

a 50% majority-rule consensus tree. The clades that received bootstrap support (bs)

>70% under ML and posterior probabilities (pp) = 0.95 were considered well supported

(Hillis & Bull 1993). Phylogenetic trees were visualized using FigTree v1.4.2.

82 ... Ren & al.

0.91/87F™ T. tibetica Kx234707

T. tibetica GU289915 [T]

4100

T. tibetica Kx23470S

T. tibetica KX234708

1100 11100 T. saxicola KX234703 [T)

T. saxicola KX234702

T. uxoris 5X306748

0.870 0.62861 7. uxoris sx306743

11100 5

T. uxonis 5X306746

T. aff. uxoris 1x306742

41100 T. alpina KX234706 [T]

T. aff. junipericola 3x306740

1/100 T. junipericola 3x306751

T. junipericola 5x306750

1/100

T. junipericola 3x306747

T. junipericola 3X306744

T. junipericola 3X306741 [T]

41100 L. alphoplaca 5X306739

1/98 L. alphoplaca 3x306737

1/100 L. melanaspis JF825524

1/95, "

L. melanaspis HQ259272

L. crassimarginata 3X476026

4/100 0.98/88 gi

L. helanensis 3X476031

1/100 L. radiosa JF703124

L. recedens HQ406807

Fic. 1. Phylogenetic relationships within the genus Teuvoa, including the new species T! saxicola

and T: alpina, with Lobothallia spp. outgroup. Phylogram inferred from Bayesian analysis of

ITS dataset. Posterior probabilities =>0.50 and ML bootstrap values =>50% are indicated above

internal branches. Ex-type sequences are annotated as [T].

Results & discussion

According to the results achieved from both analyses conducted with the

ML with RAxML v8.2.6 and B\MCMC with MrBayes, we obtained congruent

topologies; the BI topology is shown here (Fic. 1). In our phylogenetic trees,

the Teuvoa representatives formed a strongly supported group sister to the

Lobothallia representatives, further supporting segregation of Teuvoa. Teuvoa

is divided into four well-supported clades, and the new species T. saxicola

forms a highly supported clade (bs = 100%, pp = 1) within Teuvoa. The Teuvoa

junipericola s.lat. lineage, strongly supported (bs = 96%, pp = 1) as sister to

T. uxoris, is divided into two well supported clades, T: junipericola s.str. from

western USA and T. alpina from northwestern China + T. aff. junipericola from

Iran.

Taxonomy

Teuvoa saxicola Q. Ren, sp. nov. Fic. 2

FUNGAL NAME FN570544

Differs from other Teuvoa species by its saxicolous habitat, and its yellow brown, thick

thallus.

Type: China. Qinghai: Qilian Co., Yeniu Gou Town, Qilian mountain pass, 38°35.55’N

99°29.19’E, 4060 m, on siliceous rock, 21 Jun. 2013, Q. Ren 2722 (Holotype, SDNU;

isotype, HMAS-L; GenBank KX234703).

Teuvoa alpina & T. saxicola spp. nov. (China) ... 83

iy) = Ne

ee Pe

Fic. 2. Teuvoa saxicola (holotye, SDNU Ren 2722). A. Thallus with substratum; B. Apothecia;

C. Section of apothecium; D. Ascus and ascospores; E. Conidia. Scale bars: A, B = 1 mm;

C= 100 um; D, E = 10 um.

EryMo.oey: The specific epithet refers to the substratum (siliceous rock) on which this

new species grows.

Thallus saxicolous, crustose, continuous, rimose to areolate, sometimes

verrucose, <3.5 mm thick. Areoles mostly irregular, sometimes angular to

rounded, flat to convex, (0.25—)0.6-2 mm diam. Surface ochre to yellow brown,

with a greenish tinge at the some parts of the thallus, slightly pruinose.

Apothecia numerous, one to several per areole, simple or composite,

orbicular to slightly angular, 0.5-1.75 mm diam. Discs concave to plane, black,

slightly pruinose. Thalline margin mostly prominent, elevated, sometimes

indistinct, usually forming a black rim around the disc. Exciple <150 um wide

laterally, highly variable in development and thickness. Epihymenium dark

brown, pigment N+ green, K+ brown. Hymenium hyaline, I+ persistently blue,

87.5-125 um high. Subhymenium and hypothecium hyaline, I+ persistently

blue, 25-37.5(-50) um high. Paraphyses moniliform, with 3-7 globose to

84 ... Ren & al.

subglobose cells apically. Asci clavate, Aspicilia-type, 8-spored. Ascospores

hyaline, simple, globose or subglobose to ellipsoidal, 10-15 x 7.5-12.5 um.

Pycnidia rare, immersed, rounded, with black ostioles. Conidia bacilliform,

straight, 5-7.5(-10) x 0.7 um.

CHEMISTRY—Cortex and medulla K-, C-, KC-, I-. No secondary lichen

substances detected by TLC.

DISTRIBUTION & ECOLOGY—Teuvoa saxicola is known from Qinghai and

Xinjiang provinces in northwestern China. It grows on siliceous rock in arid

and semi-arid habitats.

ADDITIONAL SPECIMEN EXAMINED—CHINA. XINJIANG: Urumdi city, Mt. Tianshan,

Glacier No.1, 43°06.47’N 86°50.32’E, 3560 m, 8 Sept. 2013, Q. Ren 3352 (SDNU;

Genbank KX234702).

ComMMENTS— The phylogenetic tree (Fic. 1) supports the two saxicolous

specimens within a single well-supported lineage within Teuvoa. Teuvoa

saxicola differs from other Teuvoa species by its saxicolous habitat, ochre or

yellow brown thallus colour, and thick thallus. Teuvoa tibetica is a terricolous

species with a white to whitish gray thallus and rhizomorph-like extensions.

Both T. uxoris and T! junipericola are epiphytic species with a white to grey

thallus (Sohrabi & al. 2013).

Teuvoa alpina Q. Ren, sp. nov. FIG.3

FUNGAL NAME FN570545

Differs from Teuvoa junipericola s.str. by its smaller ascospores, and its higher altitude

habitat.

Type: China. Xinjiang: Hami City, Baishitou, 2800 m, on coniferous wood, 28 Jul. 2013,

Li XL0306 (Holotype, SDNU; isotype, HMAS-L; Genbank KX234706).

ErymMo.ocy: The specific epithet refers to the high altitude at which this species grows.

Thallus epiphytic, crustose, continuous, rimose to areolate. Areoles mostly

irregular, sometimes angular to rounded, flat to convex, 0.5-2.5 mm diam.

Surface white to whitish grey with a greenish hue, smooth or slightly roughened,

+ pruinose.

Apothecia numerous, cryptolecanorine or urceolate when young, becoming

lecanoroid or lecideoid when mature, one to several per areole, simple or

composite, orbicular to slightly angular, 0.5-2.0 mm diam. Discs concave to

plane to slightly convex, brownish black to black, but appearing whitish to bluish

grey due to pruina. Thalline margin mostly distinct, concolorous with thallus,

thin, usually forming a white rim around the disc. Exciple highly variable in

development and thickness, I+ blue. Epihymenium dark brown, pigment N+

green, K+ brown. Hymenium hyaline, I+ persistently blue, (75-)87.5-100 um

Teuvoa alpina & T. saxicola spp. nov. (China) ... 85

Fic. 3. Teuvoa alpina (holotye, SDNU Li XL0306). A. Thallus with substratum; B. Apothecia;

C. Section of apothecium; D. Ascus and ascospores; E. Conidia. Scale bars: A = 2 mm; B= 1 mm;

C = 100 um; D, E= 10 um.

high. Subhymenium and hypothecium pale, I+ persistently blue. Paraphyses

submoniliform to moniliform, with 2-4 globose to subglobose cells apically.

Asci clavate, Aspicilia-type, 8-spored. Ascospores hyaline, simple, ellipsoidal

to subglobose, 10-15 x 7-10 um. Pycnidia common, immersed, rounded, with

black ostioles. Conidia bacilliform, straight, 5-7.5 x 0.7 um.

CHEMISTRY—Cortex and medulla K-, C-, KC-, I-. No secondary lichen

substances detected by TLC.

DISTRIBUTION & ECOLOGY—Teuvoa alpina is known from Xinjiang and

Qinghai in northwestern China. It grows on coniferous wood in arid and semi-

arid habitats.

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED— CHINA. XINJIANG: Urumugi City, Mt. Tianshan,

2800 m, on coniferous wood, 29 July 1978, Wang 0103 (HMAS-L). QinGHal. Qilian Co.,

Mt. Niuxinshan, 3050-3400 m, on coniferous wood, 11 Aug. 2007, Wang 20071462-1,

20071496-1, 20071026-1 (SDNU); Du 20071601-3 (SDNU); Shi 20071620-2 (SDNU).

CoMMENTS—Our phylogenetic tree (Fic. 1) includes T: alpina within a single

well-supported lineage with T! aff. junipericola from Iran, which is sister to

86 ... Ren & al.

T: junipericola from western USA (Sohrabi & al. 2013). As we did not examine

the only specimen identified as T! aff. junipericola from Iran, we do not treat

the Iranian material here. Teuvoa alpina closely resembles T. junipericola from

western USA in general appearance, but T! junipericola has larger ascospores

(13-22 x 10-16 um) and occurs at lower altitudes (1700-2100 m; Sohrabi &

al. 2013).

Teuvoa tibetica (Sohrabi & Owe-Larss.) Sohrabi, Lichenologist 45: 357 (2013).

Sohrabi & al. (2010) characterize T: tibetica by a crustose, white to pale gray

thallus, a lower surface with pale rhizomorph-like extensions, short conidia

(5-7 um), small ascospores (10-14 x 6-9 um), Aspicilia-type 8-spored asci,

a brown epihymenium, a short hymenium (70-80 um), non-moniliform to

submoniliform paraphyses, and the lack of secondary substances.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED—CHINA. X1zaNnG: Anduo Co., Mt. Tanggula, 4700-5300

m, on soil or mosses, 31 Jul. 2011, Cheng 20116223, 20116236, 20116446, 20116469,

20116481, 20116482 (SDNU): Jiang 20116364 (SDNU). QinGHar: Qilian Co., Yeniu

Gou Town, Qilian Mountain Pass, 38°35.55’N 99°29.19’E, 4060 m, on mosses, 21 Jun.

2013, Q. Ren 2730 (SDNU).

CoMMENTS—Our new material closely matched the holotype description

(Sohrabi & al. 2010). Teuvoa tibetica was previously known only from Xizang

(four localities) and Sichuan (one locality) in China; we have added records

from a third province, Qinghai, and an additional locality in Xizang.

Teuvoa tibetica generally resembles Megaspora verrucosa (Ach.) Hafellner &

V. Wirth, which differs by its usually concave discs and much larger ascospores

(35-50 x 25-39 um) with thicker spore walls (c. 1.5-2.5 um; James & Fletcher

2009).

Acknowledgments

We are very grateful to Drs. Alan W. Archer (National Herbarium of New South

Wales, Australia) and Shouyu Guo (Institute of Microbiology, CAS, China) for reviewing

the manuscript. Thanks to Anders Nordin (Museum of Evolution, Uppsala University)

for his helpful suggestions. This project is supported by the National Natural Science

Foundation of China (31370066) and the Excellent Young Scholars Research Fund of

Shandong Normal University.

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MY COTAXON

January-March 2018— Volume 133, pp. 89-96

https://doi.org/10.5248/133.89

New records of Lepraria and Pyrenula from China

ZHONG-LIANG WANG *, SHU-KUN YAN *,

RonG Tana, MEI-JIE SuN, Lu-LU ZHANG *

Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences,

Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, PR. China

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: wzl010118@outlook.com, parmotrema17865183138@outlook.com

AxssTRACT—As a result of our study, two species of Lepraria (L. atlantica, L. lobata) and

two species of Pyrenula (P. duplicans, P. subelliptica) are reported for the first time from

China, and Pyrenula pyrenuloides is reported for the first time from Guizhou province.

Key worps—Asia, lichen-forming fungi, taxonomy

Introduction

Lepraria Ach. (Stereocaulaceae, Ascomycota), a genus with a worldwide

distribution, comprises morphologically simple lichen-forming fungi that

never develop fruiting bodies (Orange 2001). Most species have a leprose,

sterile thallus with a surface composed of granules. Lepraria taxonomy is

largely based on the chemistry of secondary metabolites as these lichens

produce a wide variety of lichen substances, and other characters are often

scarce (Saag & al. 2009). A combination of morphological, chemical, and

ITS and mtSSU sequence analyses have been used to investigate this

genus (Lendemer & Hodkinson 2013). Also, Lendemer (2011) introduced

a standardized morphological terminology and descriptive scheme that

should facilitate specimen identification and description preparation.

Pyrenula Ach. (Pyrenulaceae, Ascomycota) comprises crustose

lichens typically growing on smooth, shaded bark (Aptroot 2012). The

*ZHONG-LIANG WANG & SHuU-KUN YAN contributed equally to this paper.

90 ... Wang, Yan & al.

genus is characterized by perithecioid ascomata, occasionally inspersed

hamathecia, unbranched filaments, and distoseptate or (sub)muriform

brown mature ascospores. Pyrenula encompasses at least 211 species

worldwide (Aptroot 2012; Aptroot & al. 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015; Aptroot

& Common 2017; Caceres & al. 2013; Lima & al. 2013; Mendonga & al.

2016; Wijeyaratne & al. 2012). The availability of a world key to the genus

(Aptroot 2012) has made it much easier to recognize undescribed taxa.

The purpose of our study is to enrich knowledge of the species

composition of Lepraria and Pyrenula in China, contributing fundamental

data and reliable results for the preparation of a Lichen Flora of China. In

this paper, we identify four species new to the country—Lepraria atlantica,

L. lobata, Pyrenula duplicans, P. subelliptica—and report P. pyrenuloides

for the first time from Guizhou province.

Materials & methods

The specimens studied are preserved in Lichen Section of Botanical Herbarium,

Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China (SDNU). Morphological characters of

the specimens were examined under a COIC XTL7045B2 stereomicroscope and an

Olympus CX41 polarizing microscope and the lichens were photographed using

Olympus SZX16 and BX61 microscopes with an Olympus DP72 digital camera. Sections

were mounted in tap water (unless otherwise indicated), and all measurements were

made in water or diluted KOH. Lichen substances were identified using standardized

thin layer chromatography (TLC) techniques with system C (Orange & al. 2010).

Taxonomy

Lepraria atlantica Orange, Lichenologist 33: 462 (2001) Fic. 14, B

MorpPHoLtoGcy—Thallus crustose, leprose (thalli continuous or sometimes

diffuse), grey to pale whitish grey, consisting of loosely to densely packed

granules, hyphae absent or very short (20-40 um) in the marginal granules;

prothallus absent; hypothallus present, usually forming a thin continuous layer

underneath the granules; rhizohyphae absent. Granules globose, ecorticate,

(40—)50-60(-80) um diam., well organized and discrete, remaining distinct

and forming compound units. Photobiont green, cells globose, 7.5-15 um

diam. Substrate bryophyte.

CHEMISTRY—Thallus K+ yellow, C-, KC-, Pd+ yellow. Porphyrilic acid

detected by TLC.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: CHINA. QINGHAI, Huzhubeishan National Forest Park,

Yaoshuiquan waterfall, alt. 2830m, on bryophyte, 19 Aug. 2007, Y.D. Du 20072234

(SDNU); 109 national highway, Xiangpishan, alt. 3520 m, on bryophyte , 15 Aug. 2007,

Y.D. Du 20071952 (SDNU).

Lepraria & Pyrenula spp. new for China... 91

‘ 7

Goa.

\ ‘ ‘ ~ / : ? ; "«*

Tm . | HF 1100 ym

s a a aa

Fic. 1 Lepraria atlantica (20071952, SDNU). A: thallus; B: granules. Lepraria lobata (20160512,

SDNU). C: thallus and margin; D: granules. Scale bars: A, C = 1 mm; B, D = 200 um.

DISTRIBUTION— Wales, the Scottish Highlands, Northwest Ireland, Norway,

Australia, Greenland (Orange 2001, Saag & al. 2009, Smith & al. 2009).

New to China.

CoMMENTS—Lepraria atlantica is chemically similar to L. cacuminum, which

differs by its coarsely granular thallus (Orange 2001), and morphologically

similar to L. jackii, which differs by not producing porphyrilic acid (Orange

2001, Saag & al. 2007). Our Chinese specimens closely match the protologue

description (Orange 2001).

92 ... Wang, Yan & al.

Lepraria lobata Elix & Kalb, Mycotaxon 94: 220 (2006) Fic. 1c, D

MorpHo.Locy—Thallus crustose, leprose, placodioid, whitish grey to

pale greenish grey, margin delimited, forming thin to thick +continuous

extensive irregularly spreading lobes; hyphae hyaline, 25-30 um long, few

surrounding the granules and anchoring the granules tightly to one another;

prothallus absent; hypothallus present, usually forming a thin continuous

layer underneath the granules; rhizohyphae rarely present. Granules globose,

ecorticate, (20—)40-50(-70) um diam., abundant. Photobiont green, cells

globose, 7.5-12.5 um in diam. Substrate bark.

CHEMISTRY— Thallus K+ yellow, C-, KC+ yellow, Pd-. Atranorin, zeorin,

and unknown fatty acid detected by TLC.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: CHINA. SHANDONG Mt. Lushan, Guanyunfeng, alt. 695m,

on bryophyte, 25 Jun. 2016, X.X. ZHAO 20160512 (SDNU); GuizHovu. Tongzi, Mt.

Shixizhenbaizhi, Dongwan to Tiedingba, alt. 2050m, on bark, 25 Jul. 2016, W.C.

WANG 20160343 (SDNU).

DisTRIBUTION—Australia, South Korea (Saag & al. 2009, Joshi & al. 2010).

New to China.

CoMMENTS—Lepraria lobata is chemically similar to L. pallida, which is

distinguished by a green thallus and gray to black hypothallus rather than

rhizohyphae (Joshi & al. 2010). Our Chinese specimens closely agree with

the protologue description, except that the holotype lacks a hypothallus

(Saag & al. 2009).

Pyrenula duplicans (Nyl.) Aptroot, Biblioth Lichenol. 97: 102 (2008) Fig. 24-C

MorpHo.tocy— thallus corticate, smooth, yellowish to olive green,

with white pseudocyphellae. Perithecia mostly simple, only aggregated (as

if by chance) when crowded, erumpent from the substratum, covered by

thallus, 0.5-1.0 mm diam. Perithecial wall <200 um thick. Ostiole pale,

apical. Hamathecium not inspersed with oil droplets, filaments unbranched.

Ascospores 2/ascus, grey brown, densely muriform with 9-11 primary

septa, ellipsoid with rounded ends, 110-115 x 25-27.5 um, lumina rounded

to somewhat angular. Substrate bark.

CHEMISTRY—No chemical substances detected by TLC.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: CHINA. GUIZHOU, Jiangkou, Guanhexiang, Leijiayan, alt.

850 m, on bark, 2 Apr. 2016, X.X. Zhao 20160698 (SDNU).

DISTRIBUTION—Pantropical (Aptroot 2012). New to China.

CoMMENTS—Pyrenula duplicans is characterized by its thallus bearing white

pseudocyphellae, apical ostiole, non-inspersed hamathecium, and large

Lepraria & Pyrenula spp. new for China ... 93

muriform ascospores. Our Chinese specimen is similar to the protologue

description, except that the holotype has longer (115-180 um) ascospores

(Aptroot 2012).

Pyrenula pyrenuloides (Mont.) R. C. Harris,

Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 49: 99 (1989) Fic. 2D-G

MorpHo.tocy—Thallus corticate, smooth, pale brownish to olive green,

with white pseudocyphellae. Perithecia mostly simple, only aggregated as

if by chance when crowded, subglobose, erumpent from the substratum,

sides often partly covered by thallus, 0.5-0.9 mm diam. Perithecial wall with

crystals, <200 um thick. Ostiole pale, apical. Hamathecium not inspersed

with oil droplets, filaments unbranched. Ascospores 8/ascus, grey brown,

biseriate in the ascus, muriform with 7-10 rows of 3-8 locelli, fusiform with

rounded ends, 50-55 x 12.5-17.5 um, lumina rounded to somewhat angular.

Substrate bark.

CHEMISTRY—No chemical substances detected by TLC.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: CHINA. Gu1zHou, Leishan, Mt. Leigongshan, alt. 1160 m,

on bark, 1 Nov. 2009, Q. Tian 20102751, 20102817, 20102945 (SDNU).

DISTRIBUTION —Pantropical (Aptroot 2012). New to Guizhou province, but

previously reported from Hongkong (Aptroot & Seaward 1999).

COMMENTS—Pyrenula pyrenuloides is characterized by the thallus with

white pseudocyphellae, apical ostiole, non-inspersed hamathecium, small

muriform ascospores and the central part of the ascospore with more than six

lumina between two primary septa. Pyrenula pyrenuloides is closely related

to P. papillifera, but the latter has pointed ends ascospores (Aptroot 2012).

Our Chinese specimens closely match the protologue description (Aptroot

2012).

Pyrenula subelliptica (Tuck.) R.C. Harris, Bryologist 90 : 164 (1987) Fig. 2H-K

MorpHo.tocy—Thallus corticate, whitish to pale brown, without

pseudocyphellae. Perithecia solitary, subglobose, erumpent from the

substratum, sides scarcely covered by thallus, 0.3-0.5 mm diam. Ostiole

pale, apical. Hamathecium inspersed with hyaline oil globules, filaments

unbranched. Ascospores 8/ascus, grey brown, 3-septate, fusiform with

rounded ends, 30-35 x 10-12.5 um, angular lumina in a straight line,

terminal lumina separated from the exospore by an endospore layer, central

lumina strongly elongated. Substrate bark.

CHEMISTRY—No chemical substances detected by TLC.

94 ... Wang, Yan & al.

Fic. 2 Pyrenula duplicans (20160698, SDNU). A: thallus with ascomata; B: transverse section

through ascoma; C: ascospore. Pyrenula pyrenuloides (20102817, SDNU). D: thallus with

ascomata; E: transverse section through ascoma; F: ascus with ascospores; G: ascospores.

Pyrenula subelliptica (20103054, SDNU). H: thallus with ascomata; I: inspersed hamathecium;

J: ascus with 8 ascospores; K: ascospores. Scale bars: A, D, H = 1 mm; B, E = 100 um; F = 50 um;

C, G, I-K = 20 um.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: CHINA. GuIZHOU, Leishan, Mt. Leigongshan, alt. 2178 m,

on bark, 1 Nov. 2009, Z.T. Zhao 20103054 (SDNU). JIANGXI, Jian, Qianmo village,

alt. 1300 m, on bark, 1 Nov. 2010, D.F. Jiang 20106232 (SDNU).

DIsTRIBUTION—India, North America, Russia (Jagadeesh & Sinha 2010,

Harris 1989, Urbanavichene & Urbanavichus 2016). New to China.

Lepraria & Pyrenula spp. new for China... 95

ComMMENTsS—Pyrenula subelliptica is characterized by the apical ostiole,

inspersed hamathecium, distoseptate ascospores with three septa, terminal

lumina separated from the exospore by an endospore layer, and strongly

elongated central lumina. Our Chinese specimens are closely similar to

the protologue description, except that the holotype has a non-inspersed

hamathecium (Jagadeesh & Sinha 2010).

Acknowledgements

The authors thank Dr. André Aptroot (ABL Herbarium, The Netherlands) and

Dr. Shou-Yu Guo (State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology,

CAS, Beijing) for presubmission reviews and great help. This study was supported

by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31400015, 31570017), the

Scientific Research Foundation of Graduate School of Shandong Normal University

(SCX201749), and the Undergraduate Scientific Research Foundation of Shandong

Normal University (2017BKSKY61).

Literature cited

Aptroot A. 2012. A world key to the species of Anthracothecium and Pyrenula. Lichenologist 44:

1-54. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282911000624

Aptroot A, Common RS. 2017. Pyrenula clavatispora, a new species from Florida with

narrowly clavate ascospores, with a key to similar species. Bryologist 120:270-273.

https://doi.org/10.1639/0007-2745-120.3.270

Aptroot A, Seaward MRD. 1999. Annotated checklist of Hongkong lichens. Tropical Bryology 17:

57-101.

Aptroot A, Schumm FE, Caceres MES. 2012. Six new species of Pyrenula from the tropics.

Lichenologist 44: 611-618. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282912000254

Aptroot A, Sipman HJM, Caceres MES. 2013. Twenty-one new species of Pyrenula from

South America, with a note on over-mature ascospores. Lichenologist 45: 169-198.

https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282912000734

Aptroot A, Ferraro LI, Caceres MES. 2014. New pyrenocarpous lichens from NE Argentina.

Lichenologist 46: 95-102. https://doi.org/10.1017/S00242829 13000716

Aptroot A, Andrade DS, Mendonga CO, Lima EL, Caceres MES. 2015. Ten new species

of corticolous pyrenocarpous lichens from NE Brazil. Phytotaxa 197: 197-206.

https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.197.3.3

Caceres MES, Aptroot A, Nelsen MP, Liicking R. 2013. Pyrenula sanguinea (lichenized Ascomycota:

Pyrenulaceae), a new species with unique, trypethelioid ascomata and complex pigment

chemistry. Bryologist 116: 350-357. https://doi.org/10.1639/0007-2745-116.4.350

Harris RC. 1989. A sketch of the family Pyrenulaceae (Melanommatales) in eastern North America.

Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 49: 74-107.

Jagadeesh Ram TAM, Sinha GP. 2010. A new species and new records of Pyrenula (Pyrenulaceae)

from India. Lichenologist 42: 51-53. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282909990132

Joshi Y, Wang XY, Koh YJ, Hur JS. 2010. The lichen genus Lepraria (Stereocaulaceae) in South

Korea. Mycotaxon 112: 201-217. https://doi.org/10.5248/112.201

96 ... Wang, Yan & al.

Lendemer JC. 2011. A standardized morphological terminology and descriptive scheme for Lepraria

(Stereocaulaceae). Lichenologist 43: 379-399. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282911000326

Lendemer JC, Hodkinson BP. 2013. A radical shift in the taxonomy of Lepraria s.l.: molecular and

morphological studies shed new light on the evolution of asexuality and lichen growth form

diversification. Mycologia 105: 994-1018. https://doi.org/10.3852/12-338

Lima EL, Mendonca CO, Maia LC, Aptroot A, Caceres MES. 2013. Two new species of Pyrenula

with a red or orange thallus from Vale do Catimbau National Park, Pernambuco, Brazil.

Lichenologist 45: 199-202. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282912000783

Mendonga CO, Aptroot A, Caceres MES. 2016. Six new species of the lichen genus Pyrenula

(Pyrenulaceae) from Northeast Brazil. Phytotaxa 286: 169-176.

http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.286.3.4

Orange A. 2001. Lepraria atlantica, a new species from the British Isles. Lichenologist 33: 461-465.

https://doi.org/10.1006/lich.2001.0361

Orange A, James PW, White FJ. 2010. Microchemical methods for the identification of lichens. 2nd

edition. London: British Lichen Society.

Saag L, Hansen ES, Saag A, Randlane T. 2007. Survey of Lepraria and Leprocaulon in Greenland.

Mycotaxon 102: 57-90.

Saag L, Saag A, Randlane T. 2009. World survery of the genus Lepraria (Stereocaulaceae, lichenized

Ascomycota). Lichenologist 41: 25-60. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282909007993

Smith CW, Aptroot A, Coppins BJ, Fletcher A, Gilbert OL, James PW, Wolseley PA (eds.). 2009.

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with The British Lichen Society.

Urbanavichene IN, Urbanavichus GP.2016. Contribution to the lichen flora of the Shakhe River

valley (Krasnodar Territory, Western Transcaucasia). Novosti Sistematiki Nizshikh Rastenii.

50: 243-256.

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Lanka. Nova Hedwigia 94: 367-372. https://doi.org/10.1127/0029-5035/2012/0008

MY COTAXON

January-March 2018—Volume 133, pp. 97-101

https://doi.org/10.5248/133.97

Ellisembia hainanensis sp. nov. from Hainan, China

MIN Qr1Ao, JI SHU GUO, WEI-GUANG TIAN, ZE-FEN YU*

School of Life Sciences, Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources,

Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education,

Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, P. R. China

*CORRESPONDENCE TO: zfyugm@hotmail.com

ABSTRACT—Ellisembia hainanensis, isolated from decaying dicotyledonous leaves from

Wuzhi Mountain, Hainan Province, is described and illustrated as a new species. The fungus

is characterized by obclavate 9-11-septate brown conidia, with the hyaline apical and first

subapical cells surrounded by a mucilaginous sheath. A comparative table of the morphology

of similar Ellisembia species is provided.

Key worps—fungal diversity, morphology, aquatic hyphomycetes

Introduction

The genus Ellisembia was introduced by Subramanian to accommodate

Sporidesmium-like species, with Sporidesmium coronatum Fuckel

[= Embellisia coronata (Fuckel) Subram.] as type species (Subramanian

1992). Several Ellisembia species have been described from China (Shi &

Zhang 2007; Ma & Zhang 2007; Ma & al. 2008, 2011a,b; Ren & al. 2013;

Xia & al. 2015, 2016; Wu & Zhuang 2005), and the taxonomic history of the

genus has been reviewed in related papers. China has an enormous diversity

of fungi occurring on dead branches and rotten submerged wood and leaves,

especially Hainan Province with its 22-26°C annual average temperature.

Previously, six Ellisembia species have been isolated from Hainan Province

(Ma & al. 2008, 2011a; Ren & al. 2013; Qiao & al. 2018).

During a study of aquatic hyphomycetes in Wuzhi Mountain Preserve,

Hainan Province, China, we encountered an unknown fungus that shared

some features of Ellisembia; we describe it here asa new species, E. hainanensis.

98 ... Qiao & al.

Materials & methods

The culture was isolated in June 2011 from decaying leaves of a broadleaf tree in

the Wuzhi Mountain Preserve, Hainan province, southern China. The leaves were

cut into several 2-4 x 2-4 cm fragments, which were laid out on the surface of CMA

(20 g cornmeal, 18 g agar, 40 mg streptomycin, 30 mg ampicillin, 1000 ml distilled

water) for ten days; single conidia were captured with a sterilized toothpick while

viewing with a CX31 microscope and cultivated on CMA in Petri plates. We

observed the morphology after incubation at 28°C on CMA for one week. The pure

cultures and a permanent slide were deposited in the Herbarium of the Laboratory

for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources, Yunnan University, Kunming,

PR. China (YMF) [formerly Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology and

Fermentation Technology of Yunnan].

Taxonomy

Ellisembia hainanensis M. Qiao & Z.F. Yu, sp. nov. PLATE 1

MyYcoBANnkK MB 823745

Differs from Ellisembia minigelatinosa by longer conidia and fewer hyaline subapical

cells covered by a mucilaginous sheath.

Type: China, Hainan, Wuzhi Mountain Preserve, 18°38’N 109°19’E, elev. 1267 m,

on decaying leaves of a broadleaf tree, June 2011, coll. Ze Fen Yu. (Holotype, YMF

1.040416 [permanent slide]; ex-type culture, YMF1.04041).

EryMo.ocy: Latin, hainanensis referring to the province in which the species was

found.

COLONIES 2.5 cm diam. on CMA after 10 days. Mycelium partly superficial,

partly immersed. CONIDIOPHORES macronematous, mononematous, erect,

straight, base enlarged to subspherical or L-shaped, 16-32 x 3.5-4 um,

smooth, 1-3-septate. CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS monoblastic, integrated,

terminal, cylindrical or lageniform, 9-11 x 3-4 um. Cownrp1A solitary,

acrogenous, obclavate, truncate at the base, tapering to the fifth septa,

brown, with the apical and first subapical cells hyaline and surrounded by a

mucilaginous sheath, 9-11-distoseptate, mostly 10-septate, 45-63 x 8.0-13.5

um, diameters 1.5-2.6 um at the apex and 1.8-2.8 um at the base.

Discussion

Among known species of Ellisembia, more than 10 species possess a

mucilaginous sheath at the tip of conidia (McKenzie & al. 1995). Among

them, six species are similar to E. hainanensis in the number of septa and

conidial shape, but there are obvious differences among them. Conidiophores

of six species are longer than those of E. hainanensis, which is distinguished

from all six species by the combination of conidial septa number and size

Ellisembia hainanensis sp. nov. (China) ... 99

PLaTE 1. Ellisembia hainanensis (holotype, YMF 1.40416)

A, B. Conidia; C. Conidiophores and conidiogenous cells. Scale bars = 10 um.

(TABLE 1). Embellisia antillana (R.E. Castaheda & W.B. Kendr.) McKenzie and

E. globulosa W.P. Wu differ in their wider conidia, while E. guangdongensis

W.P. Wu produces longer and narrower conidia than E. hainanensis. The

conidia of E. vaginata McKenzie are smaller and have more variable septation

than those of E. hainanensis. Embellisia minigelatinosa (Matsush) W.P. Wu,

100 ... Qiao & al.

TABLE 1. Morphological comparison of Ellisembia hainanensis and similar species

CONIDIOPHORE CONIDIA

SPECIES LENGTH (um) # SEPTA Lx W (um) REFERENCE

E. antillana 50-80 7-11 60-75 x 16-20 Wu & Zhuang (2005)

E. globulosa 110-130 8-11 50-64 x 17-18 Wu & Zhuang (2005)

E. guangdongensis 110-130 8-10 58-77 x 8-9 Wu & Zhuang (2005)

E. hainanensis 16-32 9-11 45-63 x 8-13 This paper

E. minigelatinosa 40-100 9-11 42-52 x 8-12 Wu & Zhuang (2005)

E. paravaginata 55-85 10-12 55-70 x 12-14.5 McKenzie (1995)

E. vaginata 30-60 7-11 30-50 x 7-11 McKenzie (1995)

whichis the species most similar to E. hainanensisin conidial septation and size,

is distinguished by the presence of four hyaline subapical cells; moreover, in

E. minigelatinosa the conidia are widest the second or third septa (vs. the

third and fifth septa in E. hainanensis.

Acknowledgements

This work was jointly financed by National Natural Science Foundation Program

of PR China (31570023, 31770026). We are very grateful to Prof. X.G. Zhang and

Dr. R.E. Castafeda-Ruiz for critically reviewing the manuscript and providing helpful

suggestions to improve this paper.

Literature cited

Ma J, Zhang XG. 2007. Taxonomic studies of Sporidesmium from China. Mycotaxon 99:

367=3/ 1.

Ma J, Zhang K, Zhang XG. 2008. Two new Ellisembia species from Hainan, China. Mycotaxon

104: 141-145.

Ma J, Zhang YD, Ma LG, Ren SC, Zhang XG. 2011a [“2010”]. Taxonomic studies of Ellisembia

from Hainan, China. Mycotaxon 114: 417-421. https://doi.org/10.5248/114.417

Ma J, Ma LG, Zhang YD, Zhang XG. 2011b. Three new hyphomycetes from southern China.

Mycotaxon 117: 247-253. https://doi.org/10.5248/117.247

McKenzie EHC. 1995. Dematiaceous hyphomycetes on Pandanaceae. 5. Sporidesmium sensu

lato. Mycotaxon 56: 9-29.

Qiao M, Du X, Bian ZH, Peng J, Yu ZE. 2018 [“2017”]. Ellisembia pseudokaradkensis sp. nov.

from Hainan, China. Mycotaxon 132(4) 813-817. https://doi.org/10.5248/132.813

Ren SC, Ma J, Zhang XG. 2013 [“2012”]. Two new Ellisembia species from Hainan and Yunnan,

China. Mycotaxon 122: 83-87. https://dx.doi.org/10.5248/122.83

Shi CK, Zhang XG. 2007. Taxonomic studies of Sporidesmium from Guangxi, China.

Mycotaxon 99: 359-366.

Subramanian CV. 1992. A reassessment of Sporidesmium (hyphomycetes) and some related

taxa. Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy. B, 58(4): 179-190.

Ellisembia hainanensis sp. nov. (China) ... 101

Wu WP, Zhuang WY. 2005. Sporidesmium, Endophragmiella and related genera from China.

Fungal Diversity Research Series 15. 351 p.

Xia JW, Ma YR, Zhang XG. 2015. Anungitea guangxiensis and Ellisembia longchiensis, two new

species from southern China. Mycotaxon 130(1): 41-46. https://doi.org/10.5248/130.41

Xia JW, Wang JY, Yang CL. 2016. Ellisembia henanensis sp. nov. and two new hyphomycete

records from central China. Mycotaxon 131(3): 597-603. https://doi.org/10.5248/131.597

MY COTAXON

January-March 2018—Volume 133, pp. 103-112

https://doi.org/10.5248/133.103

New records of Arthoniaceae from Vietnam

SANTOSH JOSHI', BEEYOUNG GUN LEE’,

DaLip KUMAR UPRETI’, JAE-SEOUN HurR**

'Lichenology Laboratory, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute,

Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow (UP)-226001, India

’ Korean Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University,

Suncheon-57922, Korea

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: jshur1@sunchon.ac.kr

AxsstRact—Arthonia complanata, A. elegans, A. pyrrhuliza, Arthothelium ruanum,

A. spectabile, and Herpothallon minimum are newly reported from Vietnam. An

identification key is provided to the 18 Arthoniaceae species known from Vietnam.

Key worps—corticolous, lichenized fungi, mangrove, national park, taxonomy

Introduction

The present study was conducted at low (<300 m) elevations of southern

Vietnam in two national parks: Nam Cat Tien National Park and Dan Xay

Mangrove Park. In addition to several interesting elements in Graphidaceae,

Pyrenulaceae, and Trypetheliaceae, the national parks revealed the significant

occurrence of arthonioid lichens. The Arthoniaceae have been little studied

in Vietnam: Aptroot & Sparrius (2006) catalogued seven species, Arthonia

antillarum (Fée) Nyl., A. cinnabarina (DC.)Wallr., A. cyanea Mill. Arg.,

A. microcephala Vézda, Crypthonia mycelioides (Vain.) Frisch & G. Thor,

Herpothallon rubrocinctum (Ehrenb.) Aptroot & al., and Myriostigma

candidum Kremp., together with some doubtful species records. Nguyen &

al. (2011) recorded Arthonia accolens Stirt., while Joshi & al. (2014, 2015)

added Arthonia diorygmatis S. Joshi & Upreti, A. excipienda (Nyl.) Leight.,

A. radiata (Pers.) Ach., and Herpothallon sipmanii Aptroot & al.

104 ... Joshi & al.

Our study presents six new Vietnamese records of corticolous lichenized

fungirepresenting Arthonia, Arthothelium, and Herpothallon. Anidentification

key to the Arthoniaceae species known from Vietnam is included.

Materials & methods

Lichen specimens collected in December 2015 were deposited in Korea National

Arboretum (KH), Pocheon, South Korea in 2016, and samples were studied in the

Lichenology laboratory of CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow,

India. The morphology was examined using a MSZ-TR dissecting microscope and

a Leica DM 500 compound microscope. The following literature was consulted

for the identifications: Willey 1890; Awasthi 1991; Makhija & Patwardhan 1995;

Aptroot & Sparrius 2006; Grube 2007; Aptroot & al. 2009; Smith & al. 2009;

Bungartz & al. 2013; Frisch & Thor 2010; Nguyen & al. 2011; Joshi & al. 2013, 2014,

2015; Jagadeesh Ram & Sinha 2016; Lee & Hur 2016. Thin layer chromatography

(TLC) in solvent system A was performed following Orange & al. (2010). Lugol's

solution was used to check amyloidity (I+ or I-). Illustrations were prepared using

Corel Draw (ver. 12).

Taxonomy

Arthonia complanata Fée, Essai Crypt. Exot.: 54, 1825 [“1824”]. PL. 1A

Thallus epiperidermal, pale green to off-white, evanescent, delimited by

brownish black prothallus, 50-80 um thick; photobiont trentepohlioid; medulla

partly immersed, white; ascomata immersed to emergent, round, shortly linear,

flat to convex, black, epruinose, 0.5-1 x 0.3-0.6 mm; epihymenium brownish,

K+ greenish, 10-15 um high; hymenium hyaline to yellowish, filled with a gel

matrix, 80-90 um high, I+ blue; hypothecium hyaline to yellowish, 20-25 um;

asci 8-spored, 70-80 x 25-30 um, I+ wine red; ascospores soleiform, hyaline,

soon becoming brown, transversely 3-4-septate, with large, undivided upper

and lower cells, 20-28 x 7-11 um, I-.

CHEMISTRY—No chemicals detected with TLC.

DISTRIBUTION & ECOLOGY—This species has a tropical distribution (Willey

1890). In Vietnam, A. complanata was growing in small and irregular patches

on thick and smooth barked trees in association with Arthothelium spp.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: VIETNAM. Dong NaI PROVINCE: Tan Phu district, Nam Cat

Tien National Park, 11°24’20’N 107°17'19’E, alt. 256 m, on bark, 17 December 2015,

Hur & Woo VN150021 (KH).

REMARKS—Enlarged cells at both the ends of ascospores are characteristic of

Arthonia complanata and distinguish it from Arthonia excedens Nyl., which

also differs in producing larger ascospores (30-36 x 10-15 um; Willey 1890,

Lee & Hur 2016). Initially, the Vietnamese sample was wrongly interpreted

Arthoniaceae new for Vietnam... 105

as Arthonia ilicinella Nyl. based on the smaller ascospore size (18-23 x 7-9

um) cited in the Smith & al. (2009) description. Subsequent comparison of

our sample with the description of A. ilicinella provided by Nylander (1867)

indicated that the A. ilicinella ascospores were larger (21-36 x 8-12 um).

Arthonia elegans (Ach.) Almq.,

Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. Acad. HandL., n.s., 17(6): 19, 1880. PL. 1B

Thallus mostly endoperidermal reflecting bark texture, whitish to pale green

delimited by dark brown prothallus, 50-80 um thick; photobiont trentepohlioid;

medulla endoperidermal; ascomata linear, irregularly to stellately branched,

reddish black, epruinose to reddish brown pruinose near the margins, 1-2

x 0.1-0.2 mm; epihymenium reddish brown, K+ purple-red, 5-10 um high;

hymenium hyaline or pale yellow-reddish with anastomosed paraphysoids

in a gel matrix, 25-50 um high, I+ bluish; hypothecium pale yellow-reddish

to brownish, 20-25 um high; ascus 8-spored, 20-25 x 10-15 um, I+ bluish;

ascospores hyaline, soleiform, transversely 4-5-septate with upper enlarged

cell, 10-12 x 3-5 um, I-.

CHEMISTRY—No lichen substances detected with TLC.

DISTRIBUTION & ECOLOGY—Previously known from temperate Europe

(Acharius 1810). In Vietnam, it was collected from smooth barked trees.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: VIETNAM. Dong NAI PROVINCE: Tan Phu district, Nam Cat

Tien National Park, 11°26’40”N 107°24’23”E, alt. 164 m, on bark, 18 December 2015,

Hur & Woo VN150264 (KH).

REMARKS—Arthonia elegans, which is in need of urgent taxonomic revision,

has been treated under different concepts by various authors. Acharius (1810)

did not provide spore sizes in his type description of Spiloma elegans. Almquist

(1880) reported 15-18 x 7-8 um spores (3-septate only), 45 x 22 um asci, and

ochre pruinose ascomata, while Smith & al. (2009) described a different taxon

(A. elegans sensu auct. brit., non (Ach.) Almq.), citing 14-19 x 4.5-7 um spores

(2-5-septate). Although our Vietnamese specimen has even smaller asci and

ascospores, it may be either referred to a very broad concept of Arthonia elegans

s.l. (with a wide range of ascospore sizes, 10-19 x 3-8 um) or represent an

unnamed new species.

Arthonia pyrrhuliza Nyl., Flora 68: 447, 1885. PL. .1¢

Thallus epiperidermal, whitish grey to off-white, + rimose, delimited by

brownish prothallus, 70-150 um thick; photobiont trentepohlioid; medulla

epiperidermal, white, crystalline; ascomata shortly lirellate, linear to bi- or

trifurcate, cracked near margins, reddish brown to brown, 0.5-1 x 0.02-0.05

106 ... Joshi & al.

mm, the decaying or infected discs appear dark brown to black; epihymenium

brownish, K+ greenish, 15-20 um high; hymenium hyaline to yellowish, clear,

with anastomosed paraphysoids in a gel matrix, 70-80 um high, I+ blue;

hypothecium indistinct; asci broadly clavate, 8-spored, 60-75 x 30-32 um, I+

wine red; ascospores hyaline, soleiform, with undivided upper cell, tapering at

one end, transversely 4-septate, 30-35 x 10-12 um, I-.

CHEMISTRY—No chemicals detected with TLC.

DISTRIBUTION & ECOLOGY— This maritime species was previously recorded

from North America (Grube 2007). In Vietnam, A. pyrrhuliza was collected

from mangrove forests on thin and + rough barked trees, where it was growing

together with A. antillarum.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: VIETNAM. Ho Cui MINH City: Can Gio district, Dan Xay

Mangrove Park, alt. 13 m, 10°27’35”N 106°54’16’E, on bark, 21 February 2015, Hur

& Woo VN150416, VN150417, VN150418, VN150419B, VN150420, VN150426,

VN150427, VN150429, VN150436, VN150439 (KH).

REMARKS—Superficially, the species can wrongly be interpreted as

Enterographa spp., which however has entirely different apothecial anatomy.

Arthonia pyrrhuliza ascospores have been recorded as 12-15 x 4.5 um (Willey

1890) and 13-19 x 5-7 um (Grube 2007); however, Vietnamese material

differs in producing significantly larger ascospores, appearing much closer

in morphology and ascospore size (25-43 x 10-15 um) to Arthonia rubella

(Fée) Nyl., which is otherwise distinguished by its ascospores with undivided

and rarely tapered large cells at both ends (Willey 1890; Brodo & al. 2001).

Given the contradiction with previous descriptions, it is also possible that our

material represents an undescribed species. At this time we choose to refer our

Vietnamese specimens to A. pyrrhuliza, noting that most parts were infected

with some lichenicolous fungus producing a black powdery mass.

Arthothelium ruanum (A. Massal.) Kérb., Parerga Lichenol. 3: 263, 1861. PL. iD

Thallus endoperidermal, thin, brownish grey to off-white, delimited by dark

brown to blackish prothallus, <50 um thick; photobiont trentepohlioid, layer

poorly developed, mostly dispersed; medulla indistinct to endoperidermal;

ascomata scattered to aggregated, numerous, immersed, irregular to bluntly

stellate, brownish black, epruinose, sometimes covered marginally with thalline

layer, 0.5-1 mm in diam.; epihymenium dark brown, K+ greenish, 10-15 um

high; hymenium hyaline to brownish, clear, with adglutinate paraphysoids, 50-

60 um high, I+ bluish; hypothecium brown, 20-25 um high; asci 8-spored, 30-

50 x 15-20 um, I+ wine red; ascospores hyaline, muriform (10-15 transverse

septa and 2-4 longitudinal septa), 20-25 x 7-10 um, I-.

Arthoniaceae new for Vietnam ... 107

CHEMISTRY—No lichen substances detected in TLC.

DISTRIBUTION & ECOLOGY—Arthothelium ruanum occurs in Europe, North

America, and Asia (Smith & al. 2009, Joshi & al. 2013). In Vietnam, it was

collected from thin- and smooth-barked trees.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: VIETNAM. Dong NAI PROVINCE: Tan Phu district, Nam Cat

Tien National Park, 11°25’19”N 107°25’41”E, alt. 135 m, on bark, 18 December 2015,

Hur & Woo VN150290 (KH).

REMARKS—Arthothelium ruanum has also been treated under Arthonia as

A. ruana A. Massal., following incessant discussions and arguments regarding

the diagnostic importance of spore septation. Generic delimitation between

Arthonia and Arthothelium is for the most part based on ascomal development

(stromatic vs. solitary), epithecium (persistent vs. eroding), arrangement

(loose vs. dense) of interascal filaments, and synchronous vs. irregular ascal

development (Coppins & James 1979, Grube & Giralt 1996, Lee & Hur 2016).

Until there are more extensive studies and wide acceptance of this generic

delimitation, we cautiously refer our Vietnamese specimen to Arthothelium.

Arthothelium spectabile A. Massal., Ric. Auton. Lich. Crost.: 54, 1852. PL. 1

Thallus endoperidermal, whitish grey to dull grey, delimited by blackish

prothallus, 100-170 um thick, photobiont trentepohlioid, layer distinct,

continuous, 60-80 um thick; medulla endoperidermal; ascomata scattered,

immersed, roundish, irregular to shortly elongate, + flat, black, epruinose,

flaking away from the thallus at maturity, 0.5-1 x 0.3-0.5 mm; epihymenium

brownish green, K+ greenish, 10-15 um high; hymenium + hyaline, inspersed

with oil droplets, 80-100 um high, I+ blue; hypothecium hyaline to yellowish,

20-25 um high; asci 8-spored, 50-80 x 45-50 um, I + bluish; ascospores

hyaline to brownish in late maturity, muriform (10-15 transverse septa and

2-4 longitudinal septa), 35-40 x 10-15 um, I-.

CHEMISTRY—No lichen substances detected with TLC.

DISTRIBUTION & ECOLOGY—Cosmopolitan (Makhija & Patwardhan

1995; Smith & al. 2009). In Vietnam, A. spectabile was growing luxuriantly in

mangrove forests and collected from thick and rough barked trees.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: VIETNAM. DonG NAI PROVINCE: Tan Phu district, Nam Cat

Tien National Park, 11°24’20”N 107°17'19’E, alt. 256 m, on bark, 17 December 2015,

Hur & Woo VN150070 (KH); Yak farm, 11°23’10”N 107°21’46’E, alt. 128 m, on bark,

17 December 2015, Hur & Woo VN150149 (KH).

REMARKS— The Vietnamese specimens agree well with previous descriptions

of A. spectabile and differ from the closely related A. keralense Makhija & Patw.,

which has a thicker algal layer (50-150 um; Makhija & Patwardhan 1995).

108 ... Joshi & al.

Pate. 1. Arthoniaceous species newly recorded from Vietnam. A. Arthonia complanata;

B. Arthonia elegans; C. Arthonia pyrrhuliza; D. Arthothelium ruanum; E. Arthothelium

spectabile; F. Herpothallon minimum. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Herpothallon minimum Aptroot & Licking, Biblioth. Lichenol. 99: 53, 2009. PL. 1F

Thallus epiperidermal, off-white, pale greenish grey or mineral-grey,

ecorticate, sterile, resting on white, byssoid hypothallus, closely adpressed

to the substrate, delimited by a broad prothallus of loosely radiating fibrous

strands of white hyphae, <150 um thick; abundantly covered with irregular to

cylindrical pseudoisidia, <0.05 mm long and wide, loose-byssoid, irregular,

whitish hypothallus; pycnidia present at the tip of pseudoisidia as black dots.

Arthoniaceae new for Vietnam... 109

CHEMISTRY—2’-O-methylperlatolic acid detected with TLC.

DISTRIBUTION & ECOLOGY—Recorded from America and Africa (Aptroot

& al. 2009). In Vietnam, H. minimum was luxuriantly colonized under shaded

trees of seasonal forests in the low-land humid climate of the national park.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: VIETNAM. Done Nal PRovINcE: Tan Phu district, Nam

Cat Tien National Park, 11°26’43”N 107°24’21’E, alt. 166 m, on bark, 18 December

2015, Hur & Woo VN150269 (KH); 11°26’32”N 107°24’55’E, alt. 151 m, on bark, 19

December 2015, Hur & Woo VN150346, VN150349 (KH); 11°26’60”N 107°21’48”E,

alt. 163 m, on bark, 19 December 2015, Hur & Woo VN150395 (KH).

REMARKS— The Vietnamese specimens agree well with the type description of

Herpothallon minimum (Aptroot & al. 2009), but the Vietnamese specimens

were initially incorrectly accommodated under H. granulare (Sipman) Aptroot

& Liicking as a result of their pseudoisidia being misinterpreted as soredia-like

granules.

Key to species in Arthoniaceae recorded from Vietnam

1. Thallus absent, lichenicolous on Diorygma; ascomata dot-like, round, irregular

to shortly lirellate, prominent; epihymenium K+ purple, hymenium inspersed

(with oil droplets); ascospores hyaline becoming dark brown and warty,

Ikseptate: 10-16 KAS (iit ns Pieris et wa is Tn vt Arthonia diorygmatis

I, Whallus present, non-lichenicolous: «47 oss cate een te woe Ge Noe LE ee 2

2. Thallus fertile, byssoid or crustose, ascigerous area organized or not ............ 3

2. Thallus sterile, byssoid, leprose, pseudoisidia present, hypothallus distinct;

prothallus madeup-ortadiating hyphae: 25 wei d.n-we be i away ad oe Bet 15

3. Thallus foliicolous or corticolous, byssoid, ecorticate, ascigerous area

unorganized, asci closely aggregated in distinctly raised, maculate, flat,

+ rounded structures; ascospores muriform, 45-65 x 15-25 um;

2’-O-methylanziaic and 2’-O-methylperlatolic acids present;

hyimenium:. clear orinspersed, «us ha sird 2 oss noes nhs Myriostigma candidum

3. Thallus crustose; ascigerous area well organized ............ 0... ccc eee ee eee 4

4, Ascospores. transversely septate. «002 cnn yd nay oe eee tee ae eee ee eee eee nee fe)

# ASCOSPOLES TN UFUORN Gac8 akg Ra Nak nas manus Mets Malad 8 niet A met A Aled we. 14

Bch al nate EGO LOUIS aiid Lele miedo tee nie Weare ch tk aia aces tay Maio eae Wea HAP Roe tar eed 6

DMNA LUGS COTS OUOU Gx teh aro any chon dencahrge bomarh Mee anh Bert eget Heo uagch Moe ae AOU eek Ms ath Mee ccct shes 8

6. Ascomata black, very small (0.1-0.2 mm diam.), epruinose;

ascospores microcephalic, often with one median cell slightly larger,

3-septate (14-16 x 4-5 um) «0... eee eee Arthonia microcephala

6. Ascomata variously coloured, medium-sized to large (0.3-1.0 mm diam.);

ascospores macrocephalic, with the distal cell distinctly enlarged,

Zim SO SER CALEN ah: o cota rie, stinks hontcg oa hdecety aot abe baetmb nese Mi hice ehan seat h makers iy

110... Joshi & al.

7. Ascomata light to dark brown, epruinose, sharply delimited;

ascospores hyaline, 2-septate, 10-16 x 4-5 um ............. Arthonia accolens

7. Ascomata greenish brown to bluish grey, with a white pruina giving

a bluish appearance; ascospores hyaline to rarely slightly greyish brown,

regularly 2-5-septate, (6-)9-25 x 2-8 um .......... 2. Arthonia cyanea

8. Ascomata pigmented, + pruinose, epihymenium K+ purple.................... 9

8. Ascomata unpigmented, epruinose, epihymenium K+ greenish or K- .......... 10

9. Ascomata mostly round to irregular, brown, white pruinose;

margins with cinnabar-red pruina, 0.5-1 x 0.2-0.8 mm;

ascospores hyaline to brown at maturity, transversely 3-5-septate,

ISSO PON 2 es I are th ke or ta i bee Se Arthonia cinnabarina

9. Ascomata shortly elongate, irregularly to stellately branched, black, epruinose

to reddish brown pruinose near the margins, 1-2 x 0.1-0.2 mm;

ascospores hyaline, transversely 5-septate, 10-12 x 3-5 um ... Arthonia elegans

10. Ascomata pale brown to reddish brown ............... sees cece erence eee 11

TO ASS COnMAL ATLA CI a ccaly % ac.cahe Gace heart Mevsaecth teeth t tect t arcs AE tse Age tee Biz sice a 12

11. Ascomata pale brown, round to irregular, 1-2x 0.5-1 mm;

ascospores hyaline transversely 1-3-septate,

DR a7 (iT RAT A ek Chae es ral Sie 0.2 Arthonia antillarum

—

. Ascomata reddish brown, shortly elongate, linear, bi- or trifurcate;

ascospores hyaline, transversely 4-septate,

SOS SiR 12S iri tee bs aed yn tea bl wats Woodie g Wa otha te Posten Wy grdetea Arthonia pyrrhuliza

12. Ascomata round to irregular; ascospores hyaline to grey-brown at maturity,

transversely 3—4-septate, with large, undivided upper and lower cells,

QO SP Bex Pine SR ih Rohe tea st Meee t ae sat aora Meath 3 ES! Arthonia complanata

12. Ascomata substellate or slightly elongate ............ 0. cece ee eee 13

13. Ascomata substellate to irregular, 1-1.5 mm in diam.;

ascospores hyaline to grey brown, transversely 3-septate,

M406 ASS 4 ee Wek cee ela ea yhoa ee eee eee ee hae ey eee Arthonia radiata

13. Ascomata slightly elongate, often curved or flexuose, occasionally

branched with a slightly raised margin, 1-1.5 x 0.1-0.5 mm;

ascospores hyaline, 1-septate, 20-25 x 8-10 um.......... Arthonia excipienda

14. Thallus thin, algal layer indistinct; ascomata reddish black, 1-2 mm in diam.;

ascospores hyaline, 20-25 x 7-10 um..............0.. Arthothelium ruanum

14. Thallus thick, algal layer + distinct; ascomata black,

flaking away from the thallus at maturity, 0.5-1 x 0.3-0.5 mm;

ascospores hyaline, soon brownish, 35-40 x 10-15 um = Arthothelium spectabile

15. Thallus pale mineral-grey to green or whitish green,

hypothallus brown; prothallus made up of radiating whitish hyphae;

pseudoisidia disc-shaped (schizidia), pale to off-white,

flattened to slightly convex with round to wavy margin, <1 mm diam.;

protocetraric and hypoprotocetraric acids present ...... Herpothallon sipmanii

Arthoniaceae new for Vietnam... 111

15. Thallus colour various; pseudoisidia loose or compact, cylindrical to irregular;

chemistry lacking protocetraric and hypoprotocetraric acids ............... 16

16. Pigments absent; 2’-O-methylperlatolic acid present ..... Herpothallon minimum

16. Pigments (K+ purple) present; lacking 2’-O-methylperlatolic acid ............ 17

17. Thallus greenish grey to greyish orange, rather loose; hypothallus byssoid,

brownish to greenish black; prothallus whitish to pale greenish orange;

pseudoisidia cylindrical rarely globose, byssoid, concolorous with thallus

or strongly pigmented, <0.6 mm long and wide;

HOLSICh CACidspresenitee.s ls Nees a tee sacastne Lt Men Crypthonia mycelioides

17. Thallus greenish grey to reddish green; hypothallus and prothallus byssoid,

deep red; pseudoisidia rather compact and robust, entirely red, 0.5 x 0.4 mm;

chiodectonicacid.présent: 24.0205 es 6 bi ewied Mie ok Herpothallon rubrocinctum

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by a grant from the Korea National Research Foundation

(NRF-2015K2A1B7A01069080, NRF-2014M3A9B8002115). Santosh Joshi expresses

sincere gratitude to the Director, CSIR-NBRI, Lucknow, India for providing laboratory

facilities. The authors are grateful to Dr Laszl6 Lékés (Department of Botany, Hungarian

Natural History Museum, H-1437 Budapest, Pf. 137, Hungary) and Dr Sergey Y.

Kondratyuk (M.H. Kholodny Institute of Botany, Kiev, Ukraine) for their valuable

comments on the manuscript.

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MY COTAXON

January-March 2018— Volume 133, pp. 113-125

https://doi.org/10.5248/133.113

Three new species of lichenized fungi

from Qinghai Province, China

BEEYOUNG GUN LEE’, SERGY Y. KONDRATYUK’, JOSEF P. HALDA?,

LASZLO L6xK6s*, HAI- YING WANG?, MIN HYE JEONG’,

SANGKUK HAN’, SOON-OK OH*, JAE-SEOUN HurR™

' Korean Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea

? M. H. Kholodny Institute of Botany, Tereshchenkivska str. 2, 01004 Kiev, Ukraine

* Muzeum a galerie Orlickych hor, Jirdskova 2, 516 01 Rychnov nad KnéZnou, Czech Republic

* Department of Botany, Hungarian Natural History Museum,

H-1431, Budapest, Pf. 137, Hungary

° College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China

° Korean National Arboretum, 415 Gwangneungsoomokwon-ro,

Soheul-eup, Pocheon 11186, Korea

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: jshur1@sunchon.ac.kr

AxssTRACT—'Three new species of lichenized fungi—Calogaya qinghaiensis, Caloplaca

zeorina, Verrucaria eminens—are described from Qinghai province, China, and compared

with closely related species.

Key worps—biodiversity, Teloschistaceae, Verrucariaceae, taxonomy

Introduction

Qinghai province is located at 31-39°N 89-103°E on the northeast Tibetan

Plateau. The province consists of mountains and high plateaus with an average

3000 m elevation (the lowest basin approximately 2700 m a.s.l.) and featuring

numerous lakes, including Qinghai Lake, the second largest saltwater lake in

the world (Encyclopedia Britannica 2015, China.org.cn 2015). Such a variable

environment, encompassing both xerophytic and halophytic conditions,

supports a rich lichen diversity that remains less well explored than in the

surrounding provinces of Gansu, Sichuan, Xizang, and Xinjiang.

114... Lee & al.

The earliest explorations and surveys of the lichenological flora of Qinghai

were conducted by G.N. Potanin in 1876-94 and B. Bohlin in 1930-32 (Wei

1991), and new species and records continue to be reported from this region

in the 21st century (Fu & al. 2009; Hou & al. 2014; Liu & al. 2016; Wang & al.

2012, 2015).

During a 2014 summer field excursion to Qinghai Province organized

by Dr. H.-Y. Wang of Shandong Normal University, three specimens were

collected that were identified to genus but did not correspond with any of

the described species. We propose them here as new species: Calogaya

ginghaiensis, Caloplaca zeorina, and Verrucaria eminens. All specimens

collected on the 2014 excursion were first deposited in the herbarium of

the Korean Lichen Research Institute, Suncheon, Korea (KoLRI) and then

transferred to the herbarium of the Korea National Arboretum (KH), Korea,

in 2016.

Materials & methods

The specimens were examined morphologically under a Nikon SMZ645 stereo-

zoom dissecting microscope, and thin hand-cut sections were made with a razor

blade for observation of anatomical features under a Nikon Eclipse E200 compound

microscope. Anatomical mages were captured with the AxioVison Release 4.8.2

software program and Axiocam ERc 5s camera mounted on a Zeiss Al microscope.

Length and diameter of at least ten ascospores per specimen were measured in

water at 400x magnification. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was performed in

Solvent systems A and C as per Orange & al. (2001), and HPLC was conducted as per

Sechting (1997).

DNA was extracted from all specimens representing new and closely related

species employing the DNA extraction kit NucleoSpin® Plant II. The full internal

transcribed spacer (ITS) region (ITS1+5.8S +ITS2 rDNA) was amplified using

Bioneer’s AccuPower PCR Premix in 20 ul tubes employing primers ITS1F (Gardes &

Bruns 1993) and ITS4 (White & al. 1990). PCR thermal cycling parameters followed

Ekman (2001). Additionally, DNA was cloned using the pGEM®*-T Easy Vector

Systems when PCR and electrophoresis results were unclear or double bands were

observed. The PCR products were sequenced by GenoTech (Daejeon, Korea), and

the sequences were aligned and manually edited using ClustalW in Bioedit (V7.2.5).

For phylogenetic analysis, all DNA sequences were arranged and edited in MEGA6.

Bootstrap values were obtained in ClustalX 2.1 (Larkin & al. 2007) and RAxML

GUI 1.5 beta (Silvestro & Michalak 2010) using Maximum Likelihood (ML) with a

rapid bootstrap, 1000 bootstrap replications, and GTR GAMMA for the substitution

matrix. Posterior probabilities were produced in BEAUti 1.8.0 and BEAST 1.8.0

(Drummond & al. 2012) employing the HKY method for the substitution model,

empirical base frequency, gamma for site heterogeneity model and four categories

Calogaya, Caloplaca, and Verrucaria spp. nov. (China) ... 115

Calogaya aff. lobulata KJ133448

Calogaya arnoldii HM800861

Caloplaca clauzadeana HM800866

98/_ Calogaya arnoldii AF353951

97/100)!" Calo, Idii HM800863

gaya arnoldii

Calogaya arnoldii HM800859

Caloplaca arnoldii ssp. obliterata HM800856

Caloplaca nana HM800858

Caloplaca arnoldii ssp. obliterata HM800855

76/100 Caloplaca arnoldii ssp. obliterata HM800854

Caloplaca rouxii HM800883

99/100||_ Caloplaca rouxii HM800884

Caloplaca rouxii HM800885

Calogaya arnoldii AM408412

§3/ 250 | Calogaya pusilla HM800882

Calogaya arnoldiiconfusa HM800874

100/100, Calogaya pusilla HM800877

Calogaya pusilla HM800878

Calogaya arnoldiiconfusa HM800875

Calogaya arnoldiiconfusa HM800873

Calogaya arnoldii AF353952

Calogaya mogoltanica KJ133452

Calogaya mogoltanica KJ133451 Calogaya

86/100 Calogaya biatorina HM800901

Calogaya biatorina HM800896

89/100 92/100 Calogaya biatorina HM800900

90) Calogaya mogoltanica KJ133453

100) Calogaya persica KT804945

Calogaya polycarpoides KT804946

ay Calogaya polycarpoides KC179346

99 | Calogaya alaskensis KC179341

a Calogaya alaskensis KF890254

Calogaya ferrugineoides HM582156

Calogaya ferrugineoides HM582155

Calogaya pusilla HM800889

91/100] 100/99 Calogaya pusilla HM800890

93/- Calogaya pusilla HM800891

i Calogaya ferrugineoides HM582154

98 Calogaya decipiens EU639637

Calogaya decipiens EU639638

Calogaya qinghaiensis KU199680

auf Calogaya qinghaiensis KU199679

Calogaya schistidii AY233225

99/100l__ Cqlogaya schistidii KC179348

Xanthoria elegans EU569772 | Outgroup

a+ ee |

0.05

91/-

76/98

PLaTE 1. Phylogenetic relationships in Calogaya, based on a Maximum Likelihood analysis

of the nuclear ribosomal ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region. The tree was rooted using Xanthoria elegans.

Maximum Likelihood bootstrap values 270% and posterior probabilities >95% are shown

above internal branches. Branches with bootstrap values =>90% are in bold. New sequences are

presented in bold and all species names are followed by GenBank accession numbers. A dash

indicates branches with posterior probabilities <95%.

116... Lee & al.

Caloplaca zeorina KU199678

d po Caloplaca

Caloplaca zeorina KU199677 zeorina

Caloplaca scrobiculata HQ917073

Caloplaca scrobiculata HQ917072

97/100

Caloplaca scrobiculata KU238834

; Caloplaca

- Caloplaca scrobiculata KU238833 E

scrobiculata

_ |~ Caloplaca scrobiculata KU238832

Caloplaca scrobiculata EU639649

79/100

— Caloplaca scrobiculata HQ917074

Xanthoria elegans EU569772 | Outgroup

0.05

PLATE 2. Phylogenetic relationships among compatible species surrounding Caloplaca scrobiculata,

based on a Maximum Likelihood analysis of the nuclear ribosomal ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region. The tree

was rooted using Xanthoria elegans. Maximum Likelihood bootstrap values =70% and posterior

probabilities =95% are shown above internal branches. Branches with bootstrap values 90% are

in bold. New sequences are presented in bold and all species names are followed by GenBank

accession numbers. A dash indicates branches with posterior probabilities <95%.

for gamma, and one million MCMC (Markov Chain Monte Carlo) chain length with

ten thousand echo state screening and two hundred log parameters. The best tree was

determined using TreeAnnotator 1.8.0 (Drummond & Rambaut 2007) with a burn-in

of one hundred, no posterior probability limit, a maximum clade credibility tree for

target tree type, and median node heights. All trees were illustrated in FigTree 1.4.2

(Rambaut 2014) and edited in Microsoft Paint.

Results & discussion

The Calogaya phylogenetic tree (PL. 1) was produced from 43 GenBank

sequences (34 for Calogaya, eight for Caloplaca, one for an outgroup

Xanthoria elegans) and two new sequences from our new species,

C. ginghaiensis. Calogaya qinghaiensis is positioned within Calogaya

(previously Caloplaca saxicola group), which comprises C. alaskensis

(Wetmore) Arup & al., C. arnoldii (Wedd.) Arup & al. (including several

subspecies), C. arnoldiiconfusa (Gaya & Nav.-Ros.) Arup & al., C. biatorina

(A. Massal.) Arup & al., C. decipiens (Arnold) Arup & al., C. ferrugineoides

(H. Magn.) Arup & al., C. lobulata (Florke) Arup & al., C. mogoltanica

(S.Y. Kondr. & Kudratov) S.Y. Kondr. & al., C. persica (J. Steiner) Arup

& al., C. polycarpoides (J. Steiner) Arup & al., C. pusilla (A. Massal.) Arup

Calogaya, Caloplaca, and Verrucaria spp. nov. (China) ... 117

&al., C. schistidii (Anzi) Arup &al., and Caloplaca rouxii Gaya & al. Calogaya

ginghaiensis forms a well supported monophyletic clade, but our analysis

did not reveal any clear relationship with adjacent clades.

The phylogenetic tree for the Caloplaca scrobiculata group (PL. 2) was

produced from five GenBank sequences (four for Caloplaca spp., one for an

outgroup X. elegans) and five new sequences (two for C. zeorina, three for

C. scrobiculata). Our analysis supports Caloplaca zeorina as a sister clade to

C. scrobiculata.

A phylogenetic tree for Verrucaria (not shown), including our new

sequences from V. eminens and V. pinguicula, placed V. eminens as basal to all

other sequenced Verrucaria species but with very low support.

Taxonomy

PLATE 3. Calogaya ginghaiensis (holotype, KoLRI 024154). A. habitus; B. section through

apothecium; C, D. asci and ascospores. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 50 um; C, D = 10 um.

Calogaya ginghaiensis B.G. Lee & Hur, sp. nov. Pixs.

MycoBAnk MB 815074

Differs from C. decipiens by an absence of soralia/soredia, its frequent apothecia, and its

reddish apothecial discs.

118 ... Lee & al.

Type: China, Qinghai province, Tianjun County, Yangkang village, 37°43’15”N

98°32’09”E, 3688 m, 28 July 2014, S.O. Oh, S.K. Han, & J.S. Hur CH140258 (Holotype,

KoLRI 024154; GenBank KU199679).

ErymMo_ocy: The species epithet indicates the collection locality, Qinghai.

MorpPHOLOGY—THALLuS crustose, reddish-orange, 1.7-2.4 cm diam.,

pruinose, placodioid, margin abrupt at edge. LoBEs convex, marginally narrow,

1.7-2.5 x 0.4-0.8 mm, surface white pruinose. CorTEx cellular, 25-32.5

um thick, with granules insoluble in K. MEDULLA prosoplectenchymatous,

90-100 um high, with granules insoluble in K. APoTHEctIA adnate, 0.3-0.9

mm diam., lecanorine. Disc reddish-orange, flat, mainly epruinose or slightly

white pruinose. THALLINE MARGIN persistent, slightly raised above disc level.

PROPER MARGIN thin, concolorous with disc. EPIHYMENIUM brown to light

brown, 30.0-33.8 um tall, K+ purple. HymeNtum hyaline, 49.1-75.0 um tall.

SUBHYMENIUM hyaline, 28.8-47.1 um tall. HypoTHEctuM hyaline, 44.3-54.3

um tall. PARAPHYSES simple, unbranched, with 1-2 swollen tip cells. Asc1

cylindrical, 8-spored. Ascosporss hyaline, ellipsoid, 10-12.5 x 5-6.25 um,

septum 1.5-3 um high, spore end wall thin. Pycnrpra not observed.

CHEMISTRY—Thallus and apothecial disc K+ purple, C-, KC-, P-. UV+

red to dark orange. Parietin detected by TLC and HPLC.

ECOLOGY & DISTRIBUTION—So far known only from its type locality

where it grows on rocks associated with Caloplaca scrobiculata, Oxnerella

safavidiorum S.Y. Kondr. & al., and Xanthoria elegans (Link) Th. Fr.

ADDITIONAL SPECIMEN EXAMINED: CHINA, QINGHAI PROVINCE, Tianjun County,

Yangkang village, 37°43’15”N 98°32’09”E, 3688 m, 28 July 2014, S.O. Oh, S.K. Han, &

J.S. Hur CH140262 (KoLRI 024158; GenBank KU199680).

REMARKS—Calogaya ginghaiensis shares morphological similarities with

C. arnoldii, C. biatorina, C. decipiens, C. ferrugineoides, C. pusilla, and

C. schistidii.

Calogaya arnoldii differs from C. ginghaiensis by its smaller thallus,

irregularly arranged marginal lobes, no differentiation of both proper and

thalline margins, thinner epihymenium, and wider ascospore septa (Gaya

2009); C. biatorina is distinguished by its epruinose thallus, mostly flat lobes,

and larger ascospores (Gaya 2009); and C. decipiens differs in its dark orange

apothecia, presence of soralia/soredia, larger ascospores, and the presence of

emodin (Gaya 2009).

Calogaya ferrugineoides differs from C. ginghaiensis by its colonization

of bark, cork, trunks, branches, or twigs, its grayish colored thallus with

inconspicuous thallus margin, and the absence of parietin (LIAS light 2018);

Calogaya, Caloplaca, and Verrucaria spp. nov. (China) ... 119

C. pusilla is distinguished by unbranched paraphysis tips, slightly larger

ascospores, wider septa, and the presence of fallacinal, emodin, teloschistin

and parietin (Nash HI & al. 2007); and C. schistidii differs in its bryophytic

substrates (mosses and liverworts), inconspicuous thallus margin, epruinose

thallus, yellow epihymenium, and larger ascospores (Gaya 2009).

Caloplaca zeorina B.G. Lee & Hur, sp. nov. PL. 4

MycoBAnk MB 815073

Differs from C. anularis by the presence of zeorin, its completely divided biloculate

spores, and living central areoles.

Type: China, Qinghai prov., Haidong prefecture, Mt. Dabanshan, 37°21’04’N

101°24’25”E, 3792 m, 25 July 2014, S.O. Oh, S.K. Han, & J.S. Hur CH140080

(Holotype, KoLRI 023976; GenBank KU199677, KU199678).

ErymMo.ocy: The species epithet indicates the chemical characteristic of zeorin

containment.

MorpHOLoGy— THALLUS crustose, reddish-orange, 0.5-0.75 cm diam., up to

480 um thick, placodioid, margin abrupt at edge. LoBEs convex, marginally

narrow, 0.7-2.2 x 0.2-0.8(-1.1) mm, surface smooth, white epruinose.

CorTEX amorphous, 62.5-100 um thick, with granules insoluble in K.

MEDULLA prosoplectenchymatous, dense, 70-100 um high, with granules

insoluble in K. APOTHECIA adnate, 0.4—1.1 mm diam., lecanorine. Disc red to

orange. PROPER MARGIN Visible, darker than the disc. EP1(HyMENIUM brown

to light orangish brown, 20.5-38.6 um tall, K+ purple. HyMEeNtum hyaline,

53.0-76.6 um tall. SuBHYMENIUM hyaline, 60.0-74.6 um tall. HyYPOTHECIUM

hyaline, 56-100 um tall. PARAPHyYSES simple, unbranched, with 1-2 swollen

tip cells. Asci cylindrical, 8-spored. Ascosporss hyaline, ellipsoid, 14-16 x

5.5-10 um, completely separated into two locules by a narrow septum, <1 um

long. Pycnrp1a not observed.

CHEMISTRY—Thallus and epihymenium K+ red-purple, C-, KC-, P- by

spot test, UV+ red to dark orange; parietin, teloschistin, and zeorin detected

by TLC; parietin detected by HPLC (teloshistin and zeorin not in the HPLC

library).

ECOLOGY & DISTRIBUTION—Caloplaca zeorina occurs on rock and is

currently known only from the type collection (Qinghai province, China).

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Caloplaca scrobiculata. CHINA, QINGHAI

PROVINCE, Tianjun County, Yangkang village, 37°43’15”N 98°32’09”E, 3688 m,

28 July 2014, S.O. Oh, S.K. Han, & J.S. Hur CH140280 (KoLRI 024176; GenBank

KU238832), CH140273 (KoLRI 024169; GenBank KU238833), CH140283 (KoLRI

024179; GenBank KU238834).

120 ... Lee & al.

PiaTE 4. Caloplaca zeorina (holotype, KoLRI 023976). A, B. habitus; C, D. section through

apothecium; E. asci and ascospores; F. ascospore. Scale bars: A, B= 1 mm; C = 50 um; D-F = 10 um.

REMARKS—Caloplaca zeorina contains the triterpenoid zeorin, the presence

of which separates it from other Caloplaca species, which typically contain

anthraquinones such as parietin, fallacinal, emodin, and/or teloschistin.

Caloplaca zeorina shares several similarities with C. scrobiculata and

C. anularis Clauzade & Poelt. The synonymy of Caloplca anularis with

Calogaya, Caloplaca, and Verrucaria spp. nov. (China) ... 121

C. scrobiculata by Poelt & Hinteregger (1993) was accepted by a number

of authors and cited in the checklists for Austria (Hafellner & Turk 2001),

Bulgaria (Mayrhofer & al. 2005), France (Roux 2012), Italy (Nimis &

Martellos 2008), Montenegro (Knezevic & Mayrhofer 2009), Slovakia (Pisut

& al. 1996), and Slovenia (Suppan & al. 2000). However, Khodosovtsev & al.

(2004) and Vondrak & Mayrhofer (2013) argued convincingly that these two

Caloplaca species are quite different from each other and should be treated

separately.

Caloplaca zeorina shares more similarities with C. anularis than with

C. scrobiculata: C. anularis differs in its yellow to slightly orange-yellow

colored and thicker thallus, thicker medulla, narrower ascospores with an

undivided single locule and constricted in the middle, and its central areoles

that die and fall off, leaving only the margins and displaying ring-shaped

thallus fragments (Vondrak & Mayrhofer 2013).

Although possessing ascospores that are quite similar to those found in

C. zeorina, C. scrobiculata is distinguished by its yellow to orange-yellow

colored pruinose thallus, absence of a cortical layer and a marginal lobe,

longer and narrower ascospores, and the absence of zeorin (Vondrak &

Mayrhofer 2013).

Caloplaca zeorina can be confused with C. ignea Arup (= Polycauliona ignea

(Arup) Arup & al.) and C. rouxii, which also inhabit a rock substratum and

produce a thallus that is thick with convex marginal lobes, smooth, reddish,

epruinose, and gives a K+ purple reaction. Caloplaca ignea is distinguished

by its flatter, longer lobes, much thinner cortex, smaller ascospores with a

wider septum, the presence of pycnidia, and the absence of zeorin (Nash III

& al. 2007). Caloplaca rouxii differs in producing a thallus loosely attached

to the substratum, shorter and narrower lobes, discolored patches on upper

surface, a thinner thallus, cortex, medulla, and algal layer, an apothecial

margin color lighter than the disc, a much thinner epihymenium, narrower

ascospores with a wider septum, and the absence of zeorin (Gaya 2009).

Verrucaria eminens B.G. Lee & Hur, sp. nov. PL.5

MycoBank MB 815075

Differs from V. pinguicula by a rimose thallus with blackish brown or green pigments,

distinctive ostiolar region, and small, round ascospores.

Type: China, Qinghai province, Haidong prefecture, Mt. Dabanshan, 37°20’17”N

101°23’53”E, 3745 m, 25 July 2014, S.O. Oh, S.K. Han, & J.S. Hur, CH140035 (Holotype,

KoLRI 023931; Genbank KU199681).

ErymMo oey: The species epithet refers to the prominent, large perithecia.

122 ... Lee & al.

MorPHOLOGY—THALLUS, 272-352 wm thick, rimose, wrinkled, with

numerous cracks, dull-white colored, cracks with blackish brown or green

pigments (perhaps an algal layer shown inside the cracks), epinecral layer

present, pale brown, 7.9-8.7 um tall. Cortex hyaline or slightly darkened,

11-13.6 um tall. ALGAL LAYER continuous to irregularly discontinuous or

isolated in medulla, 80.4-86.6 um tall. PHOTOBIONT cells 7.5 x 5 um thick.

MEDULLA 38.9-47.6 um tall. PERITHECIA prominent (118.3-182.5 um),

sometimes immersed (97.9-113.8 um), (243-)318(-419) um diam., often in

groups of 2-3, rarely solitary, concave with rounded apex, black. OSTIOLAR

REGION whitish to pale brown, protruding as a low papilla, c. 200 um diam.

INVOLUCRELLUM well developed, partly lateral, black, reaching up to the base

of the exciple. PERIPHYSES irregularly septate, diameters approximately 29 um

at the base and 42.5-55 um at the ostiolar region. Asci 30-45 x 17.5-20 um,

8-spored. Ascospores ellipsoidal to globose, 10.4-15.0 x 8.0-11.1 um

(miéan. =: 1233 9365.1 = 26):

CHEMISTRY—K-, C-, KC-, P-. UV-. No substances detected by TLC.

ECOLOGY & DISTRIBUTION— The species occurs with Caloplaca species on

calcareous rocks in sunny areas. This species is currently known only from the

type collection.

ADDITIONAL SPECIMEN EXAMINED: Verrucaria pinguicula A. Massal.. SOUTH

KOREA, GANGWON PROVINCE, Jeongseon-gun, Jeongseon-eup, Aesan-ri, 37°22’17”N

128°40’25”E, 320 m, 06 Sep 2015, B.G. Lee, J.J. Woo, & J.S. Park 152773 (KoLRI 037760;

Genbank KU215797).

REMARKS—Verrucaria eminens is not easily confused with V. caerulea DC.,

V. canella Nyl., V. dufourii DC., V. muralis Ach., and V. pinguicula despite

sharing common features such as their substrate preference for calcareous rocks,

+superficial visibly cracked, indistinct prothallus and +prominent perithecia.

However, V. caerulea is separated by its non-rimose, pale gray to dull gray-

brown, and thinner thallus, less prominent, smaller perithecia, and larger and

ellipsoid ascospores (Smith & al. 2009); V. canella differs in its thicker pruinose

thallus with discrete areoles, three-quarters to completely immersed perithecia,

absence of an involucrellum, larger and oblong to ellipsoid ascospores, and the

presence of a perispore (Smith & al. 2009); V. dufourii is distinguished by its

immersed thallus, an inconspicuous ostiolar region, an involucrellum that does

not reach the exciple base, larger and oblong to ellipsoid ascospores, and the

presence of pycnidia (Smith & al. 2009); and V. muralis differs in its thallus

usually without pigments, an involucrellum that does not usually reach the

exciple base, and larger and oblong to ellipsoid ascospores (Smith & al. 2009).

Calogaya, Caloplaca, and Verrucaria spp. nov. (China) ... 123

Piate 5. Verrucaria eminens (holotype, KoLRI 023931). A. habitus; B. section through perithecium;

C. ascoma position; D. ascospores in an ascus. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 50 um; C, D = 10 um.

Verrucaria pinguicula, which also produces prominent large perithecia,

differs in its superficial or almost immersed thallus, inconspicuous ostioles,

and larger (13.5-18 x 5.5-8.5 um) oblong-ellipsoid spores (Smith & al. 2009).

Acknowledgments

We thank Yogesh Joshi (Kumaun University, India) and Xin Yu Wang (Kunming

Institute of Botany, China) for their attentive and insightful corrections and

suggestions. This work was supported by a grant from the Forest Science & Technology

Projects (Project No. $111212L030100) provided by the Korea Forest Service and the

Korea National Research Resource Center Program (NRF-2017M3A9B8069471).

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https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1

MY COTAXON

January-March 2018—Volume 133, pp. 127-139

https://doi.org/10.5248/133.127

New records of pyrenocarpous lichens

from Jeju Island, South Korea

Dona Liu’, JoseF P. HALDA”’, SOON-OK O8B?,

CHAN-HO Park’, JAE-SEOUN Hur"

‘Korean Lichen Research Institute (KoLRI), Sunchon National University,

Suncheon 540950, South Korea

?Muzeum a galerie Orlickych hor,

Jiraskova 2, 51601, Rychnov nad KnéZnou, Czech Republic

*Forest Biodiversity Division, Korea National Arboretum,

Pocheon 11186, South Korea

“CORRESPONDENCE TO: jshur1@sunchon.ac.kr

AxBSTRACT—Based on the morphological study of specimens collected from Jeju Island,

ten pyrenocarpous lichen-forming fungi are reported for the first time from South Korea:

Agonimia globulifera, A. repleta, Anisomeridium japonicum, A. robustum, Anthracothecium

macrosporum, Psoroglaena japonica, Strigula aquatica, Thelidium japonicum, T. pluvium,

and T: radiatum. Technical morphological descriptions and photographs of the Korean

specimens are presented with the ecology and distribution for each species.

Key worps—Monoblastiaceae, Pyrenulaceae, Strigulaceae, taxonomy, Verrucariaceae

Introduction

Pyrenocarpous lichens comprise a large number of species in tropical and

subtropical areas, especially in freshwater and shaded habitats; despite their

common and wide distribution, very little attention has been given to them.

Several recent regional surveys have been conducted in Costa Rica (Aptroot

& al. 2008), Europe (Coppins & Aptroot 2008, Orange 2008), Australia

(McCarthy 2001), Japan (Harada 2001), and Korea (Moon & Aptroot

’Donc Liu & Joser P. HAtpa contributed equally to this paper.

128 ... Liu, Halda & al.

2009), where many pyrenocarpous lichens species were recorded living on

corticolous, foliicolous, and saxicolous substrates.

Although exploration of Korean lichen mycota has made considerable

progress in recent years (Aptroot & Moon 2014; Hur & al. 2005; Kondratyuk

& al. 2013, 2015, 2016a, b, 2017; Moon 2013), knowledge of the flora of

pyrenocarpous lichen in these areas is far from complete. Our current research

continues our investigation of Korean lichen mycota, chiefly in Jeju Island

(southern coast of Korea); here we add information on ten pyrenocarpous

lichens, all of which represent new records for South Korea.

Materials & methods

Specimens were collected from Jeju Island during 2014-15 and deposited in the

herbarium of the Korean Lichen Research Institute, Suncheon, South Korea (KoLRI),

now incorporated into the lichen herbarium of Korean National Arboretum, Pocheon,

South Korea (KH). The morphology was examined with the aid of an Olympus SZX-

7 stereomicroscope and an Olympus BX-50 compound microscope with DIC optics

and photographed with a Canon 5D digital camera. Hand-sections were made by

razor blade under a dissecting stereoscope, and mounted in water. All measurements

were made in water, while 10% KOH was used for observing asci and ascospores in

more detail.

Taxonomy

Agonimia globulifera M. Brand & Diederich, Lejeunia 162: 8 (1999)

Thallus green to dark greenish, small to medium size. Lobes irregular

or cylindrical, 20-50 um wide, aggregated into larger (0.02-0.05 mm),

lobed squamules. Photobiont green alga. Sterile globules usually frequent,

subspherical, black, shiny, superficial to % immersed, 70-200 um diam.,

composed of pseudoparenchymatous cells; cells thin-walled, with an oil

drop. Prothallus not distinct. Perithecia and pycnidia not seen in Korean

specimen.

ECOLOGY & DISTRIBUTION—The Korean specimen was found growing

over moss on shaded basalt boulders near a stream accompanied by

Fuscopannaria dissecta and Nephroma resupinatum. Agonimia globulifera

has been recorded from Europe, northern Asia, North America, and the

subantarctic archipelago (Hafellner 2014, Sérusiaux & al. 1999); new to

South Korea.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED—SOUTH KOREA. JEju-po, Seogwipo-si, Halla Mountains,

Eorimok Trail, 33°23’05”N 126°30°00”E, 1067 m asl, on moss over rock, 21 Jul. 2015,

J.P. Halda, S.-O. Oh & D. Liu 151692 (KoLRI 035385).

New pyrenocarpous lichen reports (South Korea) ... 129

PLATE 1. Pyrenocarpous lichens from South Korea: Agonimia repleta (KoLRI 035254), A. thallus

with ascomata; B. ascoma, vertical section; C. ascospores. Anisomeridium japonicum (KoLRI

035220), D. thallus with ascomata; E. ascoma, vertical section; F ascospores. Anisomeridium

robustum (KoLRI 035252), G. thallus with pycnidia; H. pycnidium, vertical section;

I. pycnospores. Scale bars: A, D, G = 500 um; B, E, H = 100 um; C = 20 um; FE. I = 10 um.

130 ... Liu, Halda & al.

COMMENTS—The Korean specimen agrees with the description by Sérusiaux

& al. (1999), but perithecia and pycnidia were not seen in the Korean material.

Agonimia globulifera is similar to A. koreana, a species previously reported

from South Korea distinguished by its larger squamules (0.2-0.4 mm;

Kashiwadani 2008).

Agonimia repleta Czarnota & Coppins, Graphis Scripta, 11: 56 (2000) PL. 1A-C

Thallus dull green, granular to verrucose or minutely squamulose; granules

30-120 um diam.; squamules elongate if present, 240 x 100 um. Photobiont

green alga, 8-10 um diam. Perithecia black, slightly immersed amongst

thalline granules, 160-200 um diam., globose when young but soon becoming

pyriform, with a neck roughened by vertical channels. Ostiole brown to black.

Asci clavate, 8-spored. Ascospores hyaline, globose or ellipsoid, muriform,

20-40 x 12-20 um. Pycnidia not seen.

ECOLOGY & DISTRIBUTION—The Korean specimen was found living

on a mossy rock near a stream in deep shade accompanied by Porpidia

albocaerulescens at the collection site. Agonimia repleta is known from Europe,

northern Asia, North America, and the subantarctic archipelago (Hafellner

2014); new to South Korea.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED—SOUTH KOREA. JEju-po, Jeju-si, Halla Mts, Arail-dong, trail

to Gwaneum Temple, 33°25’12”N 126°32’56’”E, 601 m asl, on rock, 21 Jul. 2015, J.P.

Halda, S.-O. Oh & D. Liu 151561 (KoLRI 035254).

ComMENTS— the Korean specimen agrees with the description of Agonimia

repleta by Czarnota & Coppins (2000). The species resembles A. tristicula in

producing pyriform perithecia with a longitudinally furrowed (plicate) necks,

but A. tristicula is distinguished by 2-spored asci and much larger ascospores

(57-120 x 26-50 um; Orange 2008). Agonimia repleta also resembles

A. allobata and A. octospora, both of which differ by their pale or pinkish

ostiolar area (Orange 2008).

Anisomeridium japonicum H. Harada, Nat. Hist. Res. 5(2): 53 (1999) PL. 1D-F

Saxicolous. Thallus crustose, continuous, greenish gray, thin, smooth.

Hypothallus and margin not distinct. Photobiont Trentepohlia. Perithecia

hemispherical, dark brown or almost black, rather abruptly delimited at base, with

rounded apices, 150-200 um diam.; ostioles apical, inconspicuous. Involucrellum

extending to the exciple base, ca. 25 um thick in the upper part, dark purplish brown.

Exciple colourless, 10-15 um thick. Pseudoparaphyses branched and anastomosing

to form a network. Asci clavate, 40 x 10 um. Ascospores hyaline, ellipsoidal to oval,

1-septate, with rounded apices, lacking epispore, 9-16 x 4-6 um. Pycnidia not seen.

New pyrenocarpous lichen reports (South Korea) ... 131

ECOLOGY & DISTRIBUTION— The Korean specimens were found on mossy

rocks near a stream under very shaded conditions accompanied by Pilophorus

clavatus and Thelidium japonicum in the Halla Mountains. Our collections

extend the range of Anisomeridium japonicum from Japan (Harada 1999) to

South Korea.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED—SOUTH KOREA. Jrju-po, Jeju-si, Halla Mts, Arail-dong,

trail to Gwaneum Temple, 33°24’03”N 126°32’25”E, 868 m asl, on rock, 21 Jul. 2015,

J.P. Halda, $.-O. Oh & D. Liu 151525 (KoLRI 035218), 151526 (KoLRI 035219), 151527

(KoLRI 035220).

COMMENTS— The Korean specimens found growing on non-calcareous rocks

in a semi-freshwater habitat agree with the type description in Harada (1999).

Anisomeridium japonicum is similar to A. carinthiacum and A. distans, but

the ascospores are larger (13-18 x 5.5-7 um) in A. carinthiacum has larger

ascospores and 3-septate in A. distans (Harris 1995).

Anisomeridium robustum Orange, Coppins & Aptroot,

Lichenologist 40: 363 (2008) PL. 1G-I

Corticolous. Thallus thin, white or pale greyish, often cracked. Photobiont

Trentepohlia. Pycnidia black, 180-320 um diam., 150-250 um high, with a

globose or conical base tapering into a narrow, <1.5 mm long neck. Conidia

hyaline, simple, pyriform to ellipsoid, with truncate base, 2.5-4 x 2-3 um.

ECOLOGY & DISTRIBUTION— The Korean specimens were found growing

on the bark in more or less humid conditions associated with Agonimia

pacifica. Our collections extend the range of Anisomeridium robustum from

Europe (Coppins & Aptroot 2008) to South Korea.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED—SOUTH KOREA. Jgju-po: Jeju-si, Halla Mts, Arail-dong,

trail to Gwaneum Temple, 33°24’03”N 126°32’25”E, 868 m asl, on bark, 21 Jul. 2015,

J.P. Halda, S.-O. Oh & D. Liu 151559 (KoLRI 035252); Seogwipo-si, Halla Mts,

Yeongsil Trail, 33°21’16”N 126°29’58”E, 1337 m asl, on bark, 21 Jul. 2015, J.P. Halda,

S.-O. Oh & D. Liu 151565 (KoLRI 035258).

ComMENTsS—The morphology of the Korean specimens agrees with the

description of Coppins & Aptroot (2008) and represents a new record of

Anisomeridium robustum not only for Korea, but also for Asia. The species is

distinguished from the similar A. polypori by its much larger macropycnidia

and conidia (Orange 2008).

Anthracothecium macrosporum (Hepp) Mill. Arg., Linnaea 43: 44 (1880) PL. 2A-c

Corticolous. Thallus crustose, yellow to green, 10-30 cm diam., smooth,

thick. Photobiont Trentepohlia. Perithecia prominent, hemispherical, usually

132 ... Liu, Halda & al.

covered by thallus, yellowish brown to black, 1-1.5 mm diam. Ostiole brown.

Involucrellum extending to the base, brownish black, 100-160 tm thick.

Paraphyses simple to rarely branched or sparsely anastomosed, 1.5-2 um

diam. Asci clavate, bitunicate, 2-spored. Spores brown, oblong, with 10-15

transverse septa, 12—20-celled, 125-200 x 30-45 um.

ECOLOGY & DISTRIBUTION— The Korean material was found living on bark

associated with Anisomeridium robustum, Bacidina chloroticula, and Graphis

anfractuosa. Anthracothecium macrosporum, with pantropical distribution

(Aptroot 2011), is new to South Korea.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED—SOUTH KOREA. Jrju-po, Jeju-si, Halla Mts, Arail-dong,

trail to Gwaneum Temple, 33°24’03”N 126°32’25”E, 868 m asl, on bark, 21 Jul. 2015,

J.P. Halda, S.-O. Oh & D. Liu 151544 (KoLRI 035237); 33°25/12”N 126°32’56’E, 601

m asl, on bark, 21 Jul. 2015, J.P. Halda, S.-O. Oh & D. Liu 151579 (KoLRI 035272).

CoMMENTS—Anthracothecium macrosporum is characterized by a thick

greenish thallus, large perithecia, thick involucrellum, apical ostiole,

euseptate 2-spored asci, and large ascospores. Anthracothecium prasinum and

A. gregale are close to A. macrosporum but can be distinguished by having

4—6-ascospores per ascus (Aptroot 2011).

Psoroglaena japonica H. Harada, Lichenology 2: 5 (2003) PL. 2D-F

Saxicolous. Thallus crustose, farinose, spreading, green to dark green, 10

mm diam. Photobiont green alga. Perithecia immersed into rocks at base,

hemispherical, ellipsoidal, or pyriform, pale orangish brown to dark brown,

0.2-0.4 mm diam. Exciple hyaline internal, orangish brown or brown in the

outer layer. Periphyses hyaline, without prominently pointed or rounded

apices, 20-25 um long, 1-1.5 um thick. Ascus clavate, 8-pored, 60-80 x 10

um. Ascospores oval, hyaline, 13-17 x 5-6 um, 3-septate. Pycnidia not seen.

ECOLOGY & DISTRIBUTION—The Korean material was found growing

on basalt rock accompanied by Agonimia pacifica, Fuscopannaria dissecta,

Graphis anfractuosa, and Pilophorus clavatus. Our collection extends the

range of Psoroglaena japonica from Japan (Harada 2003) to South Korea.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED—SOUTH KOREA. JEjJu-Do, Seogwipo-si, Halla Mts, Yeongsil

Trail, 33°21’12”N 126°29’52”E, 1308 m asl, on rock, 21 Jul. 2015, J.P. Halda, S.-O. Oh &

D. Liu 151671 (KoLRI 035364).

COMMENTS—The Korean specimen matches the type description by Harada

(2003). Psoroglaena japonica is most similar to P stigonemoides, which

differs by its filamentous to granular thallus with papillose cortical cells, its

pale perithecia, its 3-5-septate ascospores, and its corticolous habit (Orange

1989). Epiphytic P cubensis resembles P japonica but differs in forming a

New pyrenocarpous lichen reports (South Korea) ... 133

PLATE 2. Pyrenocarpous lichens from South Korea: Anthracothecium macrosporum (KoLRI

035272), A. thallus with ascomata; B. ascoma, vertical section; C. ascospores. Psoroglaena

japonica (KoLRI 035364), D. thallus with ascomata; E. ascoma, vertical section; F. ascospores.

Strigula aquatica (KoLRI 035221), G. thallus with ascomata; H. ascus with ascospores;

I. ascospore. Scale bars: A = 3 mm; B, D, E = 100 um; C, F, I = 10 um; G = 500 um; H = 50 um.

134 ... Liu, Halda & al.

finely lobate thallus (Eriksson 1992). Two other close species, PR. perminuta

and Phylloblastia borhidii, are foliicolous species and known only from Africa

(McCarthy & Kantvilas 2013).

Strigula aquatica H. Harada, Nova Hedwigia 66: 420 (1998) PL. 2G-1

Saxicolous. Thallus continuous, thin, grey; hypothallus filmy, whitish.

Perithecia, hemispherical, dark brown to black near the apex, papillate at

the apical ostiole or round at the top, widely pyriform, 190-260 x 240-330

um. Photobiont Trentepohlia. Involucrellum dark brown. Exciple brown in

the upper part, hyaline in lower part. Periphyses indistinct, simple, hyaline.

Paraphyses unbranched, septate, 1.5 um thick. Asci cylindrical, 8-spored,

75 x 15 um. Spores fusiform, hyaline, 7-septate, thin-walled, slightly

constricted in the middle, 26-30 x 6-7 um. Pycnidia not seen.

ECOLOGY & DISTRIBUTION— The Korean material was found growing on

basalt stones in the banks of a brook associated with Agonimia pacifica and

Pilophorus clavatus. Our collections extend the range of Strigula aquatica

from Japan (Harada 1998) to South Korea.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED—SOUTH KOREA. JEjJu-bo, Jeju-si, Halla Mts, Arail-dong, trail

to Gwaneum Temple, 33°24’03”N 126°32’25’E, 868 m asl, on rock, 21 Jul. 2015, J.P.

Halda, S.-O. Oh & D. Liu 151528 (KoLRI 035221), 151529 (KoLRI 035222), 151531

(KoLRI 035224).

CoMMENTS—Strigula aquatica is characterized by its continuous pale greenish-

gray thallus, scattered dome shaped perithecia, non-carbonized involucrellum,

and 7-septate fusiform hyaline ascospores. Contrasted with other similar

saxicolous Strigula species, S. nipponica differs in having a carbonized

involucrellum, while S. confusa and S. rupestris are distinguished by muriform

ascospores (Harada 2016, McCarthy 1997, Orange 2008).

Thelidium japonicum H. Harada, Nat. His. Res. 1(2): 9 (1991) PL. 3A-C

Saxicolous. Thallus distinct or inconspicuous, green or greenish brown,

granulose to areolate. Phycobiont cells isodiametric. Hypothallus black,

gelatinous, not distinct. Perithecia abundant, hemispherical, 100-200 um

diam., with a very dark brown to black wall; ostiolar part pale to dark brown.

Involucrellum inconspicuous or absent. Exciple colorless. Asci clavate,

8-spored, 85 x 25 um, bitunicate. Spores hyaline, thin-walled, 1-septate,

17-26 x 8-12 um. Pycnidia not seen.

ECOLOGY & DISTRIBUTION— The Korean specimens were found growing

on basalt rocks together with Agonimia pacifica, Anisomeridium japonicum,

New pyrenocarpous lichen reports (South Korea) ... 135

PLATE 1. Pyrenocarpous lichens from South Korea: Thelidium japonicum (KoLRI 035223),

A. thallus with ascomata; B. ascoma, vertical section; C. ascospores. Thelidium pluvium

(KoLRI 035267), D. thallus with ascomata; E. ascoma, vertical section; FE ascospores. Thelidium

radiatum (KoLRI 035288), G. thallus with ascomata; H. ascoma, vertical section; I. ascospores.

Scale bars: A, D, G = 500 um; B, E, H = 100 um; C, E I= 10 um.

136 ... Liu, Halda & al.

and Pilophorus clavatus. Our collections extend the range of Thelidium

japonicum from Japan (Harada 1991) to South Korea.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED—SOUTH KOREA. JEju-Do, Jeju-si, Halla Mts, Arail-dong,

trail to Gwaneum Temple, 33°24’03”N 126°32’25”E, 868 m asl, on rock, 21 Jul. 2015,

J.P. Halda, S.-O. Oh & D. Liu 151530 (KoLRI 035223), 151533 (KoLRI 035226),

151545 (KoLRI 035238), 151550 (KoLRI 035243), 151553 (KoLRI 035246), 151554

(KoLRI 035247).

ComMENTS— The Korean specimens agree with the type description by Harada

(1991). Thelidium japonicum is most similar to T. minutulum, which differs

by its grey-brown perithecial walls (K6rber 1863) and its larger perithecia,

absence of an involucrellum and more or less brownish exciple (Orange 2008).

Thelidium pluvium Orange, Lichenologist 23: 101 (1991) PL. 3D-F

Saxicolous. Thallus slightly rimose, pale grey-green to dark brown, 35-85

uum thick. Photobiont green alga. Perithecia hemispherical, black, 220-400

um diam.; ostiole conspicuous, prominent, not in a depression. Involucrellum

rather thin, brown, K- or K + darker brown or greenish brown. Periphyses

sparsely branched, 40 x 2-3 um. Asci clavate, 8-spored, 75-100 x 25-30 um.

Ascospores ellipsoid, smooth, colourless, 1-septate, 23-36 x 9-16 um, with

numerous oily droplets when mature. Pycnidia not seen.

ECOLOGY & DISTRIBUTION—The Korean material was found growing on

basalt rocks associated with Pilophorus clavatus, and Verrucaria margacea.

Thelidium pluvium occurs on siliceous and slightly basic rocks in streambeds

and on dripping rocks in Europe, Asia, and Australia (Orange 1991, 2008); new

to South Korea.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED—SOUTH KOREA. JEJu-DO, Seogwipo-si, Halla Mts, Yeongsil

Trail, 33°21’16”N 126°29’58”E, 1337 m asl, on rock, 21 Jul. 2015, J.P. Halda, $.-O. Oh &

D. Liu 151574 (KoLRI 035267).

ComMENTS— The Korean specimen agrees with the type description by

Orange (1991). Thelidium pluvium is characterized by rather large perithecia

covered by a layer of thallus except at dark apex, hyaline perithecial wall, and

hyaline 1-septated ascospores. The otherwise similar Thelidium pyrenophorum

and T: methorium differ in having a thick involucrellum and lacking a thalline

cover on mature perithecia (Orange 2008).

Thelidium radiatum H. Harada, Hikobia 12: 133 (1996) PL. 3G-1

Saxicolous. Thallus crustose, continuous, smooth, grayish green, margin

not distinct. Perithecia black, hemispherical, 200-300 um diam., without a

New pyrenocarpous lichen reports (South Korea) ... 137

thalline cover, + with cracks radiating around prominently depressed ostioles.

Involucrellum appressed to exciple, + extending to the perithecial base,

220-300 um diam., 15-30 um thick, dark brown to black. Exciple hyaline,

5-10 um thick at base. Hymenium globose to depressed ovate, 100-200

x 140-230 um. Upper periphyses simple, lower periphyses very sparsely

branched, both 30-45 um long. Asci clavate, 8-spored, 75 x 20 um. Spores

hyaline, oval, 1-septate, 22-27 x 8-11 um. Pycnidia not seen.

ECOLOGY & DISTRIBUTION— The Korean specimens were found growing

on basalt rocks associated with Agonimia pacifica, Pilophorus clavatus,

and Verrucaria margacea. Our collections extend the range of Thelidium

radiatum from Japan (Harada 1996) to South Korea.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED—SOUTH KOREA. Jerju-po: Jeju-si, Arail-dong, trail

to Gwaneum Temple, 33°24’03”N 126°32’25”E, 868 m asl, on rock, 21 Jul. 2015,

J.P. Halda, S. O.-Oh & D. Liu 151535 (KoLRI 035228), 151552 (KoLRI 035245);

Seogwipo-si, Halla Mt., Yeongsil Trail, 33°21’19”N 126°29’59’E, 1353 m asl, 21 Jul.

2015, J.P. Halda, S.-O. Oh & D. Liu 151595 (KoLRI 035288).

CoMMENTS— The Korean material of Thelidium radiatum matches the type

description by Harada (1996). The similar T. japonicum and T: minutulum

are distinguished by their small perithecia that are dark brown to black at

the base of perithecial walls and with projecting whitish ostioles, shorter

ascospores, and the absence of an involucrellum. Thelidium japonicum is

further distinguished from T: radiatum by forming granulose to areolate

thallus. (Harada 1991).

Discussion

Moon (2013) confirmed 57 pyrenocarpous lichens from Korea, one third

of which represented Verrucaria with boreal or cosmopolitan distribution.

The largest (ca. 20%) percentage of Verrucaria recently reported from

Korea is characterized by East Asian distribution. Islands between Korea

and Japan represent important localities for lichens previously known only

from type localities in Japan. Some species (e.g., Verrucaria miyagiensis)

are in urgent need of serious taxonomic revision to establish their modern

taxonomic relationships. Some East Asian representatives were described

mainly from Japan (e.g., Strigula maritima, Thelidium izuense; Harada

2013, 2016) and China (Thelidium yunnanum; Harada & Wang 2004). The

addition of an inconspicuous new species, Thelenella haradae from South

Korea (Halda & Hur 2016) also illustrates that a number of pyrenocarpous

lichens are still overlooked.

138 ... Liu, Halda & al.

Acknowledgments

We thank Santosh Joshi (CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow,

India) and Laszlé L6k6s (Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest) for their

attentive and insightful corrections and suggestions. This work was supported by a

grant from the Korean Forest Service Program (KNA1-1-14, 14-2) through Korean

National Arboretum and the Korea National Research Resource Center Program

(NRF-2017M3A9B8069471).

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MY COTAXON

January-March 2018—Volume 133, pp. 141-148

https://doi.org/10.5248/133.141

Diploschistes wui sp. nov.,

an overlooked saxicolous lichen from Northwestern China

GULIBAHAER ABABAIKELI”™, ADILJIAN ABDULLA”,

ABDULLA ABBAS’ SHOU-YU Guo”, ANWAR TUMUR'

" Arid land Lichen Research Center of Western China, College of Life Science & Technology,

Xinjiang University, Urumgi 830046, P. R. China

* State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology,

Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China

* . .

CORRESPONDENCE TO: guosy@im.ac.cn; abdula209@sina.com

ABSTRACT—Diploschistes wui is described as a new species, based on three collections

from Xinjiang in Northwestern China. It is characterized by a bluish gray and thin thallus,

epruinose discs, small, 8-spored asci, and small ascospores. The new lichen resembles

D. rampoddensis but is readily distinguished by the absence of surface crystals and pruinose

discs. It grows on rocks at elevations above 1800 m. Our ITS rDNA sequence analyses

support this species as independent.

Key worps—biodiversity, central Asia, Graphidaceae, Ostropales, taxonomy

Introduction

The lichen-forming genus Diploschistes Norman includes crustose species

with a blackish pseudoparenchymatous proper exciple, lateral paraphyses, and

a trebouxioid photobiont (Lumbsch 1989, Lumbsch & Mangold 2007, Lumbsch

& Huhndorf 2010). The genus is widely distributed in arid and semiarid

regions worldwide, with c. 43-45 species (Kirk & al. 2008, Pérez-Vargas & al.

2012, Fernandez-Brime & al. 2013, Abbas & al. 2014, Ababaikeli & al. 2016).

Most Diploschistes species occur on rocks, some on soil, and a few species are

occasionally found on wood or bark (Lumbsch & Mangold 2007, Ababaikeli

* GULIBAHAER ABABAIKELI & ADILJIAN ABDULLA contributed equally to this work.

142 ... Ababaikeli, Abdulla & al.

& al. 2016). The genus exhibits a remarkable range in the morphology of the

ascomata, varying from perithecioid to urceolate or lecanoroid (Lumbsch

1989, Lumbsch & Mangold 2007). Despite this variability, molecular studies

support the genus as monophyletic within the Graphidaceae (Frisch & al. 2006,

Martin & al. 2003, Fernandez-Brime & al. 2013). The few phylogenetic studies

on Diploschistes published to date (Lumbsch & Tehler 1998, Martin & al. 2003,

Fernandez-Brime & al. 2013, Zhao & al. 2017) investigated the taxonomic value

of ascoma morphology for delimiting monophyletic entities both at the generic

and species levels.

The lichen biota of Northwestern China is rich, with more than 750 species

belonging to about 150 genera listed so far (Abbas & Wu 1998, Abbas & al. 2001,

Guo 2005). Although its lichen diversity remains incompletely investigated,

continuing surveys should reveal more new species from this region. Five

of the ten Diploschistes species recorded from China were described from

Northwestern China (Wei 1991, Guo 2005, Abbas & al. 2014, Ababaikeli & al.

2016).

A new Diploschistes species, recently collected from Xinjiang, Northwestern

China, is described here as D. wui. A taxonomic study of the new species is

presented, based on the morphological and chemical characters. ITS nrDNA

sequences were obtained from the holotype and two other specimens were

compared with sequences available in GenBank to assess the phylogenetic

affinities of the new species.

Materials & methods

Specimens were collected from Bayi forest farm in Changji county, Urumgi city,

Xinjiang, China, and have been deposited in the Herbarium Mycologicum Academiae

Sinicae-Lichenes, Beijing, China (HMAS-L) and the Lichen Section of Botanical

Herbarium, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China (XJU). The morphology of the lichen

specimens was examined using a Zeiss Stemi SV 11 stereomicroscope. Sections for

anatomical examination were cut by hand using a razor blade and were mounted and

observed in water. Anatomical structure and hymenial characters were studied with a

Zeiss Axioskop 2 plus light microscope. The photos were taken with a Nikon Digital

Camera D50. Chemical constituents were identified by thin-layer chromatography

using solvent system C as described by Orange & al. (2010).

DNA extraction, amplification, sequencing

Thallus fragments with ascomata were removed from the holotype and two other

specimens for DNA extraction, using the DNAsecure Plant DNA Kit following the

manufacturer’s protocol. Amplification of the ITS region followed the methods

described in Martin & al. (2003) modified as in Abbas & al. (2014). The nrITS region

(ITS1+5.8S+ITS2) of the nrDNA repeat tandem was amplified with the polymerase

Diploschistes wui sp. nov. (China) ... 143

chain reaction using primers ITS1 with ITS4 (White & al. 1990) in a 25 uL volume

containing 0.75 units of TransStart Taq Polymerase, 2.5 uL 1Ts buffer, 0.5 ul 5 uM

primer solution, 2 uL 2.5 mM for each dNTP solution, and 1 uL genomic DNA.

Thermocycling protocols followed were: 95°C for 5 min followed by 35 cycles at 94°C

for 30 s, 56°C for 30 s, and 72°C for 1 min, and ending with a final extension of 72°C

for 10 min. PCR products were screened on 1% agarose gels stained with ethidium

bromide, and were sequenced by Genewiz Inc. (Suzhou, China).

All newly obtained sequences were submitted to GenBank. Similarities were

determined from Blast results of sequence data, morphological characters, and the

literature (Martin & al. 2003; Fernandez-Brime & al. 2013, 2015; Zhao & al. 2017).

Newly generated sequences from the Xingjiang material were complemented with

GenBank sequences representing the most similar taxa.

Phylogenetic analysis

The ITS sequences from our three specimens and the 14 GenBank representatives

were aligned both by ClustalW and Muscle implemented in MEGA7 (Kumar & al.

2016). The final matrix, submitted to TreeBase, can be obtained from the corresponding

authors.

The evolutionary history was inferred by using the Minimum Evolution method

implemented in MEGA7 (Kumar & al. 2016). The evolutionary distances were

computed using the Maximum Composite Likelihood method; units represented

number of base substitutions per site. The rate variation among sites was modeled

with a gamma distribution (shape parameter = 5). The Minimum Evolution (ME) tree

was searched using the Close-Neighbor-Interchange (CNI) algorithm at a search level

of 1. The initial tree was generated by the Neighbor-joining algorithm. The gaps were

removed for each sequence pair. There were a total of 513 positions in the final dataset.

The same dataset was also analyzed by Bayesian inference based on GTR model with

rates = Invgamma.

Results & discussion

ITS sequences and the phylogenetic analysis

Almost the entire ITS region was successfully sequenced for the holotype

and two additional specimens. Partial sequences (about 25 bp) were not

obtained at the ITS1 5’ end, but partial sequences of the LSU 5’ end in region

were included in the data submitted to GenBank (494, 495, and 480 bp in total).

The final nrITS alignment included 17 sequences representing 7 taxa and

comprised 513 characters, of which 441 were constant, 18 were parsimony-

uninformative, and 54 were parsimony-informative. There were no ambiguously

aligned regions.

ITS sequence analysis places our specimens in either the D. scruposus-group

(sensu Martin & al. 2003) or D. subg. Diploschistes (sensu Fernandez-Brime

144 ... Ababaikeli, Abdulla & al.

Diploschistes gypsaceus KC166989

Diploschistes gypsaceus KC166988

63/-

99/0.982) __ Diploschistes gypsaceus KC166991

Diploschistes gypsaceus KC166987

Diploschistes sp. KX545489

99/1 | Diploschistes tianshanensis KC959951

Diploschistes tianshanensis KC959952

Diploschistes diacapsis KC166978

Diploschistes diacapsis KC166979

98/1

770.995

100/1 Diploschistes cinereocaesius KJ542542

Diploschistes cinereocaesius HQ650715

Diploschistes wui MG461530 (Holotype)

100/1 | Diploschistes wui MG461532

Diploschistes wui MG461531

Diploschistes rampoddensis AJ458286

99/0.998 | Diploschistes rampoddensis K3542543

Diploschistes rampoddensis KC166993

——

0.005

Fic. 1. An unrooted tree of 17 Diploschistes ITS sequences showing the phylogenetic relationships

of D. wui and its closely related species. The tree is drawn to scale, with branch lengths measured in

the number of substitutions per site. Bootstrap support =>50% (BP; left) and posterior probabilities

20.95 (PP; right) are shown above branches. Newly generated sequences are presented in bold font.

Internodes with both BP values =70% and PP 20.95 are highlighted by thicker lines.

& al. 2013) with close affinities to the pantropical species D. rampoddensis

(93% identity and 2% gap). The evolutionary history was inferred as the

minimum evolution tree (sum of branch length = 0.11303133). In the

phylogenetic analysis, the relationship of the new species and its closely related

species is clear (F1G.1).

Taxonomy

Diploschistes wui A. Abbas, S.Y. Guo & Ababaikeli, sp. nov. FIG. 2

FUNGALNAME EN 570518

Similar to Diploschistes rampoddensis, but distinguished by its thin, bluish gray thallus,

its epruinose discs, its smaller 8-spored asci, and its smaller ascospores.

Type: China. Xinjiang: Urumqi, Changji County, Bayi forest farm, 43°22.82’N

86°48.22’E, alt. 1830 m, 3 Aug. 2009, A. Abbas 20093003 (Holotype, HMAS-L; GenBank

MG461530; Isotype, XJU).

EryMo.ocy: The new species name honors Professor Jinong Wu, a pioneer Chinese

lichenologist and lichenology advisor of author Abdulla Abbas.

Diploschistes wui sp. nov. (China) ... 145

100 am

Fic. 2. Diploschistes wui (A, C-G = holotype, HMAS-L Abbas 20093003; B = XJU Abbas 20093004).

A, B: general habit and ascomata; C: section through ascoma; D: ascus with ascospores;

E-G: mature ascospores. Scale bars: A, B = 2 mm; C = 100 um; D = 20 um; E-G = 10 um.

THALLUS saxicolous, crustose, rimose-areolate, bluish grey to grayish white;

areoles 0.3-0.6 mm diam., thin, usually <1.0 mm thick. UPPER SURFACE smooth,

shiny or dull, epruinose. MEDULLA white. PHOTOBIONT trebouxioid with cells

146 ... Ababaikeli, Abdulla & al.

<10-13 um diam. PROTHALLUs not visible. VEGETATIVE PROPAGULES absent.

ASCOMATA apothecia, exposed. Disc urceolate, sessile, epruinose, blackish,

concave, orbicular, 0.8-2.2 mm diam. PROPER EXCIPLE dark brown, 60-80

uum thick. HyMENtuM hyaline, 80-100 um high, not inspersed. HyPOTHECIUM

yellowish brown, 20-40 um thick. PARAPHyYsES 1-2 um thick, simple, apices

not thickened. Asci cylindrical, 70-90 x 15-20 um, 8-spored. AscosPoRES

ellipsoid, brown, submuriform, with 3-5 transverse and 0-2 longitudinal septa,

10-15(-18) x 6-9 um. Pycnip1A unknown.

SPOT TESTS—K-, C+ red, KC-, PD-, UV-.

SECONDARY METABOLITES—Onlly lecanoric acids detected by TLC.

EcoLoGy—Diploschistes wui grows on rocks (mainly on flat surface of basic

rocks). It is known only from the type locality in Xinjiang, Northwestern China,

at elevation above 1800 m.

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED—CHINA. XINJIANG: Urumgi, Changji county,

Bayi Forest farm, 43°22.82’N 86°48.22’E, alt. 1830 m, 15 July 2009, A. Abbas 20093004

(XJU; GenBank MG461531); 20093021(XJU; GenBank MG461532).

ComMMENTS—Diploschistes wui is very similar to the (6—)8-spored specimens of

D. rampoddensis (Nyl.) Zahlbr., in both morphology and chemistry. However,

D. rampoddensis differs in its grayish yellow to greenish yellow thallus with a

crystalliferous surface, pruinose discs, and a usually pantropical distribution

(Lumbsch 1993; Pant & Upreti 1993; Fernandez-Brime & al. 2013, 2015).

The pantropical species Diploschistes cinereocaesius (Sw.) Vain., which

resembles D. wui in its octosporous asci and somewhat similar ascospore

size, is distinguished by its terricolous habit, larger apothecia that are usually

secondarily subdivided, and a different chemistry, containing both lecanoric

acid (major) and diploschistesic acid (minor) (Fernandez-Brime & al.

2015). Another morphologically similar species with an epruinose thallus

is D. scruposus (Schreb.) Norman., which differs in its (4—)8-spored asci and

bigger ascospores (25-40 x 10-20 um) (Ababaikeli & al. 2016).

A recent multilocus phylogeny of selected Diploschistes species

demonstrated that only a few species in D. subg. Diploschistes are strongly

supported as monophyletic, while D. diacapsis, D. interpediens, D. muscorum,

D. neutrophilus, and D. scruposus are not monophyletic (Zhao & al. 2017). We

feel that monophyly is a prerequisite for species recognition in single-locus ITS

phylogenies. Other studies using DNA sequence data for species recognition

in lichens support our opinion (e.g. Han & al. 2013, 2015; Abbas & al. 2014;

Ababaikeli & al. 2016). Our morphological and phylogenetic analyses support

recognition of Diploschistes wui as an independent species.

Diploschistes wui sp. nov. (China) ... 147

Acknowledgements

The authors thank Dr. Jan Vondrak (Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences,

Czech Republic), Dr. Ek Sangvichien (Department of Biology, Ramkhamhaeng

University, Bangkok, Thailand), and Prof. Liu-Fu Han (Hebei Normal University,

Shijiazhuang, China) for presubmission review. Grants were awarded by the Natural

Science Foundation of China to A. Abbas (No. 31670023), A. Tumur (No. 31660009),

and S.Y. Guo (No. 31370067). The valuable assistance given by the colleagues is

gratefully acknowledged.

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MY COTAXON

January-March 2018— Volume 133, pp. 149-152

https://doi.org/10.5248/133.149

Rhexoacrodictys broussonetiae sp. nov.

from Guizhou, China

ZHONG-JIU XIAO™”, XIAO-XIA LI’”’,

Hao-DonG WANG’, PEI-YONG SONG*”, LING TANG"

‘College of Biological & Agricultural Science and Technology, Zunyi Normal College,

Zunyi, Guizhou 563002, China

*Key Laboratory of Regional Characteristics for Conservation &

Utilization of Plant Resource in Chishui River Basin, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563002, China

°Nursing Department Heyuan City Health School, Guangdong, 517000, China

*CORRESPONDENCE TO: xzj198099@163.com

ABSTRACT—A new hyphomycete, Rhexoacrodictys broussonetiae is described and illustrated

from specimens collected on dead Broussonetia papyrifera stems in Guizhou Province, China.

It is characterized by distinct, unbranched conidiophores with monoblastic, percurrently

extending conidiogenous cells that produce acrogenous, subspherical to spherical, 17-28

x 19-31 um, 0-2 transversely septate conidia with several additional oblique longitudinal

septa. A dichotomous key to the four Rhexoacrodictys species is provided.

Key worps—Acrodictys, anamorphic fungi, Ascomycota, taxonomy

Introduction

Baker & Morgan-Jones (2002) established Rhexoacrodictys to accommodate

four Acrodictys species: R. erecta (Ellis & Everh.) W.A. Baker & Morgan-Jones,

R. fimicola (M.B. Ellis & Gunnell) W.A. Baker & Morgan-Jones, R. fuliginosa

(B. Sutton) W.A. Baker & Morgan-Jones, and R. queenslandica (Matsush.) W.A.

Baker & Morgan-Jones. Delgado (2009) later proposed the combination R.

martinii (J.L. Crane & Dumont) G. Delgado, but Xia & al. (2017) transferred

R. martinii to Distoseptispora and R. queenslandica to Junewangia, based on

morphology and phylogenetic analysis. Thus, Rhexoacrodictys currently

contains only three accepted species, which are mainly characterized by

150 ... Xiao & al.

indeterminate and regeneratively percurrently extending conidiogenous cells

that often acquire a narrow circumscissile dehiscence zone at the extreme apex.

The conidia, which are ellipsoid, ovoid, subspherical to spherical, transversely,

longitudinally and obliquely septate, undergo rhexolytic conidial secession.

During ongoing surveys of saprobic microfungi from the subtropical

forests of Guizhou Province, China, a Rhexoacrodictys specimen collected on

dead stems of Broussonetia papyrifera was found to differ from all accepted

Rhexoacrodictys taxa and is proposed here as a new species, R. broussonetiae.

The holotype is deposited in the Mycological Herbarium of Zunyi Normal

College, Zunyi, China (HMZNC).

Rhexoacrodictys broussonetiae Xiao X. Li & Z.J. Xiao, sp. nov. Fig. 1

FUNGALNAME FN570519

Differs from all other Rhexoacrodictys species by its subspherical to spherical conidia.

Type: China, Guizhou Province: Xishui National Nature Reserve, on dead stems of

Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Vent. (Moraceae), 27 Jun. 2017, X.X. Li (Holotype, HMZNC

0246).

ETryMoOLoGey: in reference to the host genus, Broussonetia.

COLONIES on natural substrate effuse, hairy, brown to dark brown. Mycelium

partly superficial, partly immersed in the substratum, composed of branched,

septate, pale brown to brown, cylindrical, smooth-walled hyphae, 2-4 um diam.

CONIDIOPHORES macronematous, mononematous, single or a loose cluster

of 2-4, erect, straight or slightly flexuous, cylindrical, smooth, thick-walled,

dark brown to blackish, 4—7-septate, 70-119 x 4.5-6.5 um, inflated toward the

base, 6.5-9 um diam, blackish, tapering slightly, paler brown, indeterminate.

CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS integrated, terminal, monoblastic, with a pale brown,

narrow circumscissile dehiscence zone at the extreme apex, 3-4.5 um diam,

percurrently extending. Conidial secession rhexolytic. Conrp14 holoblastic,

solitary, acrogenous, subspherical to spherical, with 0-2 transverse septa and

several longitudinal and oblique septa, with darkly-pigmented bands over

the septa, smooth, brown to dark brown, 17-28 x 19-31 um, bearing a small

marginal frill at the base, 2.5-4.5 um diam, pale brown.

ComMMENTS—Rhexoacrodictys broussonetiae produces conidia that are similar

in shape to those in Distoseptispora martinii (J.L. Crane & Dumont) J.W. Xia

& X.G. Zhang, which differ in their (sub)globose to broadly ellipsoidal shape

and smaller size (11-16 um diam.—Delgado 2009; 15-20 x 11-16 um—Xia

& al. 2017). Rhexoacrodictys broussonetiae also differs from the other three

Rhexoacrodictys species, which produce ellipsoid or ovoid conidia.

Rhexoacrodictys broussonetiae sp. nov. (China) ... 151

Fic. 1. Rhexoacrodictys broussonetiae (holotype, HMZNC 0246)

A. Conidiophores with conidia; B. Conidiophores and conidiogenous cells; C. Conidia.

152 ... Xiao & al.

Key to Rhexoacrodictys species

1. Conidia dictyosporous, subglobose to globose

(17-28 x 19-31 um, 0-2 transverse septa) ................04. R. broussonetiae

f. Conidia dictyosporous; ellipsoid OrovGldios 2), boc sA.ned 2a. psd s 5-8 amo SE obo esupe 2

2. Conidia without a dark brown apex, more or less evenly pigmented

(15-24 x 11-15 um, 2-3 transverse septa, medium to blackish

DRG WHI) es a ae tilen Betriewe ge at linge doing 8 “alae a eleagea 4 olngen oe lenge Bee vga os R. fimicola

2. Conidia apically dark brown to black, darker upwards when mature ............ 3

3. Conidia 24-40 x 15-22 um,

septa predominantly oblique, dark brown or black .................. R. erecta

3. Conidia 21-26 x 12-16 um,

septa 3(-4) transverse, brown to blackish brown ................ R. fuliginosa

Acknowledgments

The authors express gratitude to Dr. Xiu-Guo Zhang and Dr. Jian Ma for serving

as pre-submission reviewers and for their valuable comments and suggestions.

Dr. Lorelei L. Norvell’s editorial review and Dr. Shaun Pennycook’s nomenclature

review are greatly appreciated. This project was supported by the National Natural

Science Foundation of China (Nos. 31600030) and the Science and Technology Project

of Guizhou Province (No. LKZS2012-18, LKZS2012-25, LKZS2014-20).

Literature cited

Baker WA, Partridge EC, Morgan-Jones G. 2002. Notes on hyphomycetes LXXXVII.

Rhexoacrodictys, a new segregate genus to accommodate four species previously classified in

Acrodictys. Mycotaxon 82: 95-113.

Delgado G. 2009. South Florida microfungi: Veramycella bispora, a new palmicolous,

anamorphic genus and species, with some new records for the continental USA. Mycotaxon

107: 357-373. https://doi.org/10.5248/107.357

Xia JW, Ma YR, Li Z, Zhang XG. 2017. Acrodictys-like wood decay fungi from southern China,

with two new families Acrodictyaceae and Junewangiaceae. Scientific Reports 7:7888 [21 p.].

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-08318-x

MY COTAXON

January-March 2018—Volume 133, pp. 153-163

https://doi.org/10.5248/133.153

Four interesting aphyllophoroid species

in the tropical northern region of Veracruz, Mexico

SANTIAGO CHACON?’ , FIDEL TAPIA”, DANIEL JARVIO?

"Instituto de Ecologia, A.C. Apartado Postal 63, Xalapa, Veracruz 91000, México

? Montevideo 11, Col. Montevideo, Xalapa, Veracruz 91028, México

* Fundacion Pedro y Elena Hernandez,

A.C. 5 de Mayo s/n, Estero de Milpas, Tamiahua, Veracruz 92560, México

" CORRESPONDENCE TO: santiago.chacon@inecol.mx

ABSTRACT—The taxonomic study presents four aphyllophoroid fungi from the Tamiahua

region of Veracruz in a tropical deciduous forest dominated by Quercus oleoides. Gloeodontia

discolor, Hydnochaete paucisetigera, and Thelephora dentosa are recorded for the first time for

Mexican mycobiota, and Gloiothele lactescens is reported for a new location.

Key worps—Basidiomycota, clavarioid, corticioid, new records, taxonomy

Introduction

The 1260 ha of land known as Ejido Estero de Milpas (21°14’52”N

97°28'29’W) in the municipality of Tamiahua lies within the Tamiahua

Lagoon region in northern Veracruz State, Mexico. The climate is tropical

and the area is covered primarily by halophytic vegetation, cattle ranches,

tall semi-evergreen forests, and an ecosystem in which tropical oaks are well

represented, especially Quercus oleoides and Q. glaucescens (Registro Agrario

Nacional 2016).

Aphyllophoroid fungi are an unofficial basidiomycete assemblage

representing such diverse fungi as corticioids, polypores, and clavarioids

(Kunttu & al. 2014); they are widely distributed in temperate and tropical

forests and play an important role in the degradation of organic matter. This

group includes terricolous, parasitic, and ectomycorrhizal species, although

154 ... Chacon & al.

little is known about them in the tropics of Mexico. Studies devoted to

Mexican tropical aphyllophoroid fungi include Valenzuela & al. (2007, 2011,

2012a,b), Cifuentes & al. (2005), Raymundo & al. (2008, 2009), Medina-Jaritz

& al. (2012), Ramirez-Lopez & al. (2013), Ramos-Sosa & Cappello-Garcia

(2014), and Avalos-Lazaro & al. (2016). Our recent survey of the mycobiota

surrounding Tamiahua Lagoon in Veracruz, Mexico, revealed several

interesting aphyllophoroid collections, described and illustrated below.

Materials & methods

Samples collected in the Ejido Estero de Milpas, municipality of Tamiahua, Veracruz,

during July 2014 were described macroscopically from both fresh and dried material.

Free-hand thin vertical sections of basidiocarps were mounted in 3% aqueous KOH,

Melzer’s reagent, Congo Red 1% aqueous solution, phloxine, Cotton blue, and/or

sulfobenzaldehyde for microscopical examination using a light microscope. Drawings

were made with the aid of a drawing tube. The specimens are preserved in the herbarium

of Instituto de Ecologia A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico (XAL).

Taxonomy

Gloeodontia discolor (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Boidin,

Cahiers de la Maboké 4 (1): 22 (1966) PLATES 1A; 2A-D

BASIDIOME annual, resupinate, adnate, effused, membranous, sometimes

fimbriate under the lens, <20 cm lengthwise, thin, in section 30-70 um thick

excluding aculei, yellowish white to grayish yellowish, HYMENOPHORE odontoid

to hydnoid, aculei usually slender, pointed at apex, <3.5 mm long.

HYPHAL SYSTEM dimitic; skeletal hyphae 1.5-3.5 um diam., clamp-

connections absent, yellowish, smooth, thick-walled (<1.7 um), becoming

thin-walled and sometimes heavily encrusted with hyaline crystals at the

apex in the aculei, non-amyloid, non-dextrinoid; generative hyphae 1-2.5 um

diam., with clamp connections, yellowish, smooth, thin to slightly thick-walled

(<0.8 um), non-amyloid, non-dextrinoid. GLOEOCyYSTIDIA (26—)28-80(-90)

x (5-)6-10 um, narrowly clavate-cylindrical to subulate, sometimes sinuous,

with basal clamp connections, often with an apical bead, thin-walled, hyaline,

turning dark blue to black on application of sulfuric acid in sulphovanillin.

Basip1a 15-22 x 3.5-4.5 um, cylindrical, sometimes slightly sinuous, with

a basal clamp, with four sterigmata. BAsIDIOSPORES (3-)3.5-4.5 x 2.5-3 um,

ellipsoid to ovoid, sometimes adaxially flattened, with a slightly thickened wall,

distinctly verrucose, pale yellow, strongly amyloid.

HasitatT—on dead wood of Quercus oleoides Schltdl. & Cham. in tropical

(Fagaceae) deciduous forest; 6-25 m asl.

Gloeodontia, Hydnochaete, and Thelephora spp. new to Mexico... 155

PLaTE 1. Basidiomata. A. Gloeodontia discolor; B. Gloiothele lactescens; C, D. Hymenochaete

paucisetigera; E, F. Thelephora dentosa. Scale bars: A = 14 mm; B = 8 mm; C, E= 10 mm; D=5 mm;

F=13 mm.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED—MEXICO, VERACRUZ STATE, Municipality of Tamiahua, Ejido

Estero de Milpas, 8 July 2014, F. Tapia & D. Jarvio 3149-B (XAL).

REMARKS—The diagnostic characteristics of Gloeodontia discolor—

resupinate, adnate, effused, odontoid to hydnoid hymenophore, sulpho-

positive gloeocystidia measuring 35-70 x 6-10 um, dimitic hyphal

156 ... Chacon & al.

system with incrusted hyphal ends, and basidiospores that are amyloid,

verrucose, and 3.5-4.5(-5.5) x 2.5-3(-3.5) um (Boidin 1966, Burdsall &

Lombard 1976, Hjortstam & Ryvarden 2007)—match those observed for

our material.

Macroscopically, G. discolor is somewhat similar to G. columbiensis

Burt ex Burds. & Lombard, which differs by its shorter aculei (usually

0.5 mm long), monomitic hyphal system without clamp connections,

and larger basidiospores (5.5-6.5 x 3.5-4(-4.5) um; Burdsall & Lombard

1976). Gloeodontia discolor has been recorded from the subtropical to

tropical regions of U.S.A., South America (Brazil, Venezuela), and Africa

(Ivory Coast, Kenya, Tanzania) (Boidin 1966, Burdsall & Lombard 1976,

Maekawa 1999, Hjortstam & Ryvarden 2007, Zhou & Dai 2013). Our

collection represents the first record of G. discolor from Mexico.

Gloiothele lactescens (Berk.) Hjortstam, Windahlia 17: 58 (1987) PLATES 1B; 2E-H

= Corticium lactescens (Berk.) Berk., Outl. Brit. Fung.: 274 (1860)

= Gloeocystidiellum lactescens (Berk.) Boidin, Compt. Rend.

Hebd. Séances Acad. Sci., Paris: 1668 (1951)

= Vesiculomyces lactescens (Berk.) Boidin & Lanq., Mycotaxon 16: 493 (1983)

Hasitat—On dead wood of Licaria capitata (Cham. & Schlecht.) Kosterm.

(Lauraceae), in tropical deciduous forest; 6-25 m asl.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED—MEXICO, VERACRUZ STATE, Municipality of Tamiahua, Ejido

Estero de Milpas, 8 July 2014, F. Tapia & D. Jarvio 3159 (XAL).

REMARKS—Our new Mexican specimen of G. lactescens was readily identified

by its larger, sinuous gloeocystidia (sometimes septate from the middle to

the base); basidiospores that are weakly amyloid, smooth, broadly ellipsoid,

6.5-8 x 4.5-6.5 um; and hymenium with numerous paraphysoid hyphae.

Those characters—together with the resupinate, adnate, effused basidiome,

whitish or watery gray to yellow or pale straw yellow hymenial surface that is

ceraceous and slightly hygrophanous, and cracked dried older specimens—

match the descriptions of Eriksson & Ryvarden (1975, as Gloeocystidiellum

lactescens), Maekawa (1994, as Vesiculomyces lactescens), Ginns & Freeman

(1994), Wu (1996), Boidin & al. (1997), and Bernicchia & Gorjén (2010).

Gloiothele lactescens is morphologically similar to G. tropicalis (Burds.

& al.) Ginns & G.W. Freeman, distinguished by its narrower (4-5 um)

basidiospores, and G. citrina (Pers.) Ginns & G.W. Freeman, which differs

PLATE 2. Gloeodontia discolor A. basidiospores; B. encrusted hyphae; C. basidia; D. gloeocystidia.

Gloiothele lactescens E. gloeocystidia; F. paraphysoid hyphae; G. basidiospores; H. basidia.

Scale bars: A-D = 4.5 um; E-H = 6 um.

1S?

Gloeodontia, Hydnochaete, and Thelephora spp. new to Mexico ...

“Mr ¢

am fA

. _

fe ES ?

CASe

158 ... Chacon & al.

by its larger (7.6-8.8 x 5.8-7.0 um) basidiospores; both G. tropicalis and

G. citrina are further distinguished by having no to few hyphidia (Ginns &

Freeman 1994).

According to Freeman (1978), G. lactescens is widely distributed in many

temperate and subtropical regions of the world, mainly in Europe, North

America, and Taiwan. Burt (1926) originally reported the species from Mexico

(as Corticium lactescens) from inland central Veracruz state, and Welden &

Lemke (1961) and Guzman (1975) recorded G. lactescens from Nuevo Leén

state; here we report it from a new locality, northern coastal Veracruz state.

Hymenochaete paucisetigera (Parmasto & Sheng H. Wu) S.H. He & Y.C. Dai,

Fungal Diversity 56: 90 (2012) PLATES 1C—D; 3A—-E

= Hydnochaete paucisetigera Parmasto & Sheng H. Wu, Mycotaxon 91: 461 (2005)

BASIDIOME annual, resupinate, effused-reflexed to pileate, sometimes

imbricate, flexible, coriaceous or woody hard. PILEI semicircular to conchate,

lifted <0.7 mm, <2 cm wide, 0.5-1 mm thick, with wavy margin. PILEAL

SURFACE dark umber to dark brown, velutinous to tomentose, with concentric

zones. HYMENOPHORE hydnoid, pale tan, buff-yellow, or yellowish brown,

olive-tinged when dry; aculei irregularly shaped: slightly flattened, tapered, or

cylindrical; often solitary, some confluent, 0.5-1.5 mm long. CONTEXT thin,

<1.5 mm thick, separated from tomentum by a thin black line.

TOMENTUM well developed, 70-180 um thick; cortex present, <40 um

thick; hyphal layer <200 um thick. HyPHAL sysTEm dimitic; generative hyphae

simple septate, hyaline to pale yellowish, thin to slightly thick walled, often

branched, 1.5-3.5 um diam; skeletal hyphae yellow to yellowish brown, thick-

walled, 2.5-4 um diam. SETAE very rare, confined to the hymenium, dark

brown, distinctly thick-walled, with blunt tips, 24-40 x 4—7(-9) um. HyPHIDIA

abundant, 15-20 x 1.5-3 um, hyaline pale to yellowish, thin-walled, tips

occasionally encrusted with small resinous granules. Basip1a 12-25 x 3-4.5

um, clavate, with four sterigmata. BastprlospoREs 4—5(-5) x 1.2-1.8(-2) um,

narrowly cylindrical, curved, hyaline, inamyloid, thin-walled, smooth.

Hasitat—On branches of Quercus oleoides in tropical deciduous forest;

4-25 m asl.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED—MEXICO, VERACRUZ STATE, Municipality of Tamiahua, Ejido

Estero de Milpas, 9 July 2014, F. Tapia & D. Jarvio 3171-B (XAL).

PLATE 3. Hymenochaete paucisetigera A. basidiospores; B. hyphidia; C. basidia; D. generative and

skeletal hyphae; E. setae. Thelephora dentosa F. basidia; G. basidiospores; H. generative hyphae.

Scale bars: A-D = 4 um; E = 6.5 um; F-H = 5.5 um.

160 ... Chacon & al.

REMARKS—Although Hymenochaete paucisetigera was originally described in

Hydnochaete by Parmasto & Wu (2005), morphological and sequence analyses

by He & Dai (2012) demonstrated that the species is phylogenetically more

closely related to Hymenochaete.

Hymenochaete paucisetigera, which is diagnosed primarily by its effused-

reflexed to pileate basidiocarp and very rare setae, may be confused with

H. asetosa (Y.C. Dai) S.H. He & Y.C. Dai, which differs by its larger (5-6 x

2.8-3.3 um) basidiospores and the absence of setae (Dai 2010, as Hydnochaete

asetosa Y.C. Dai). Macroscopically, H. paucisetigera is also very similar to

Hymenochaetopsis tabacinoides (Yasuda) S.H. He & Jiao Yang, which differs by

its abundant setae and a predominantly pileate basidiome and rarely effused-

reflexed (Dai, 2010 as Hydnochaete tabacinoides (Yasuda) Imazeki). The

Mexican material agrees with the descriptions of H. paucisetigera (previously

known only from Taiwan on dead Carpinus sp. trees) by Parmasto & Wu (2005)

and Dai (2010). Tapia & al. (2016) listed Mexican records of three hydnoid

Hymenochaete species; our new record of H. paucisetigera adds a fourth.

Thelephora dentosa Berk. & M.A. Curtis, Journal of the Linnean Society,

Botany 10: 329 (1868 [“1869”]) PLATES 1E-F; 3F—H

BASIDIOME initially encrusting with irregular shapes (sometimes

rhizomorphic) or easily separable patches, developing erect or oblique processes

(0.2-5 x 0.2-3.5 cm) that are narrowly clavarioid, ramiform, or spathulate,

often with subulate lobes (both processes and lobes regularly present); stipe

0.3-2 x 0.1-0.2 cm. HyMeNiuM amphigenous. HyMENOPHORE smooth to

finely velutinous, dark brown to brownish umber with purplish tinge, slightly

to distinctly cyanescent in KOH. Flesh thin, soft, beige to pallid brown.

HYPHAL SYSTEM monomitic; generative hyphae with clamp connections, thin

to slightly thick-walled, sometimes branched, interwoven, 3-6(-7) um diam,

walls colorless or pale brown. HyMENrIvuM slightly to distinctly cyanescent in

KOH. Cystip1a none, but cystidioid lageniform elements (19-36 x 4.5-7.5 um)

sometimes present. BAsIDIA 40-65 x 8-10 um, clavate to subclavate, sometimes

subcylindrical, 4-spored, clamped, often yellowish to hyaline in KOH.

BASIDIOSPORES 7-8(-9) x 6.5-8 uum, yellowish brown, subglobose or broadly

ellipsoid, each with a blunt apiculus, echinulate with 1-um long spines.

Hasitat—On dead twigs and leaves and encrusting parts of living plants in

tropical deciduous forest; 4-25 m asl.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED—MEXICO, VERACRUZ STATE, Municipality of Tamiahua,

Ejido Estero de Milpas, 7 July 2014, F. Tapia & D. Jarvio 3125; 3126 (XAL); 9 July 2014,

FE. Tapia & D. Jarvio 3179 (XAL).

Gloeodontia, Hydnochaete, and Thelephora spp. new to Mexico... 161

ReMARKS— The Mexican specimens match perfectly with descriptions of

Thelephora dentosa by Burt (1914), Corner (1968), Welden (1968), and Stalpers

(1993). This species is characterized by its resupinate growth (or resupinate

with more or less clavarioid excrescences), subglobose basidiospores, and

hymenium that is cyanescent in KOH. Immature basidiomata of T. dentosa

found only on encrusting leaves and twigs and lacking clavarioid processes,

might be confused with T. atra Weinm., T: crustacea Schumach., T. spiculosa

(Fr.) Fr, and T: penicillata (Pers.) Fr., all species that differ in having

basidiospores larger than 9 um (Corner 1968, Stalpers 1993). Temperate

species with stereoid basidiomata (e.g., T! terrestris Ehrh., T: griseozonata

Cooke) have also been reported to adhere to living plant matter (Cunningham

1957, Corner 1968, Watling 1996).

In Jalisco, Mexico, Ramirez-Lépez & al. (2013), who studied the phenotypic

variations of a Thelephora sp. exhibiting the same growth as T: dentosa, showed

that developing or growing clavarioid basidiomata can become resupinate

when in contact with rocks, leaf litter, or live plants, sometimes forming

groups of up to 139 basidiomata over an area of 30 m’.

Thelephora dentosa is known from Cuba, Haiti, and Jamaica (Burt 1914,

Welden 1968, Corner 1968); here it is recorded for the first time in Mexico.

Acknowledgments

We thank the Instituto de Ecologia, A.C. (INECOL) of Xalapa, Veracruz, for

supporting this research. The authors would like to express thanks to the Pedro y

Elena Hernandez Foundation A.C. (especially Lic. Barbara Hernandez Ramirez,

Board President) for supporting the Program of Payment for Environmental Services

that provides for monitoring fungi in the Tamiahua zone, Veracruz. We also thank

Biol. Elsa Ma. Utrera Barillas for field support and logistics, Technicians Manuel

Escamilla and Manuel Hernandez for preparing the figure plate, and Juan Lara

Carmona for his help in curatorial and technical activities. We also would like to

express our gratitude to Dr. Sergio Pérez-Gorjén (Salamanca, Spain) and Dr. Martin

Esqueda (Hermosillo, Mexico) for kindly reviewing the manuscript.

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MY COTAXON

January-March 2018— Volume 133, pp. 165-172

https://doi.org/10.5248/133.165

Buellia taishanensis sp. nov.

and new Buellia records from Mt. Tai, China

Q1-DoONG WANG, FEI-YUE LIv,

XIAO-HAN WU, XIN ZHAO, ZE-FENG JIA"

College of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University,

Liaocheng, 252059, P. R. China

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: Zffia2008@163.com

AxBsTRACT—Four species of the lichen genus Buellia are reported from Mt. Tai, Shandong,

China. Buellia taishanensis is described as a new species, B. chujana and B. halonia are

new to China, and B. badia has previously been reported from China. Descriptions are

presented with morphological and chemical characters. After revising identifications

from previous reports, we provide notes and a key to the four Buellia now confirmed

from Mt. Tai.

Key worps—Ascomycota, Lecanoromycetes, Caliciales, Caliciaceae, taxonomy

Introduction

Buellia De Not. (Caliciaceae, Caliciales, Lecanoromycetidae, Lecanoromycetes,

Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota) is a cosmopolitan genus of lichenized fungi

represented by more than 450 species (Kirk & al. 2008, Watanuki & al. 2017)

and characterized by a crustose thallus, lecideine apothecia with black discs, a

brown hypothecium, and brown septate ascospores.

Fifty Buellia species have previously been reported in China (Wei 1991,

Aptroot & Seaward 1999, Aptroot & Sipman 2001, Aptroot & Sparrius 2003,

Obermayer & al. 2004, Kondratyuk & al. 2013, Liu & Wei. 2013, Sun & al. 2013).

During our study of Buellia from Mt. Tai, a world famous natural and cultural

heritage, we collected a new species, described here as Buellia taishanensis, and

recorded B. chujana and B. halonia as new to China.

166 ... Wang & al.

Materials & methods

SPECIMENS. All examined materials were collected from Mt. Tai, Shandong

Province, and are deposited in Lichen Herbarium of the College of Life Sciences,

Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China (LCU). Morphological examinations were

conducted following protocols set forth in Jia & Wei (2016).

DNA EXTRACTION, AMPLIFICATION, AND SEQUENCING. DNA was extracted from

ascomata and thallus fragments using the DNAsecure Plant DNA Kit following the

manufacturer's protocol. The ITS1+5.8S+ITS2 nrDNA region was amplified using the

ITS1F and ITS4 primers (White & al. 1990, Gardes & Bruns 1993) in 25 uL volumes

containing 12.5 uL 2xTaq PCR MasterMix, 1 uL 10uM solution of each primer, 0.5

uL genomic DNA, and 10 wl ddH,O. Thermocycling parameters comprised initial

denaturation at 94°C for 3 min, 35 cycles of denaturation at 94°C for 30 s, annealing at

54°C for 30 s, extension at 72°C for 1 min, and a final extension at 72°C for 5 min. The

PCR products were screened on 1% agarose gels stained with ethidium bromide and

sequenced using a ABI 3700 Sequencer. Newly generated sequences were submitted

to GenBank.

Taxonomy

Buellia taishanensis Q.D. Wang & Z.F Jia, sp. nov. Phy i

FUNGAL NAME FN570500

Differs from Buellia concinna by its smaller ascospores and the absence of gyrophoric,

lecanoric, and orsellinic acids.

Type: China. Shandong Province, Taian City, Mt. Tai, Jade Emperor Summit, 36°15’N

117°06’E, alt. 1510 m, 23/VIHI/2017, Q.D. Wang TS1745 (Holotype, LCU; GenBank

MG250190).

Erymo.oecy: The specific epithet taishanensis refers to the type locality of the new

species, Mt. Tai (Taishan).

THALLUS saxicolous, crustose, grey or grey-brown; thin or lacking cortex;

surface rough and non-pruinose; medulla white.

APOTHECIA lecideine, often abundant, sessile; pisc black, epruinose, at

first plane, marginate, later becoming convex, thinly marginate, 0.5-0.8 mm

diam; EXCIPLE aethalea-type, 15-35 um thick; EPITHECIUM brown, 10-15

um; HYMENIUM 40-60 um tall, hyaline, without oil droplets, paraphyses

1.5-2.5 um diam; HYPOTHECIUM dark brown. Asci cylindrical to clavate,

25-45 x 9-15 um, 8-spored. Ascosporgs brown to dark brown, Buellia-type,

ellipsoid, 1-septate, 10-12 x 4-5 um. Pycnrp1A not observed.

CHEMISTRY: Norstictic acid (by TLC).

ADDITIONAL SPECIMEN EXAMINED: CHINA. SHANDONG PROVINCE, Taian City, Mt.

Tai, Jade Emperor Summit, alt. 1510 m, 23/VIII/2017, Q.D. Wang TS1751 (LCU).

Buellia taishanensis sp. nov. (China) ... 167

PiaTE 1. Buellia taishanensis (holotype, LCU Wang TS1745). A. Thallus with apothecia;

B. Cross section of apothecium; C. Ascus containing ascospores; D. Ascospores. Scales: A = 2 mm;

B = 100 um; C = 50 um; D = 20 um.

REMARKS: Buellia taishanensis is morphologically similar to Buellia

concinna Th. Fr., which can be distinguished by its larger (15-21 x 7-9 um)

ascospores and production of gyrophoric, lecanoric, and orsellinic acids

(Bungartz & al. 2004).

Buellia badia (Fr.) A. Massal., Mem. Lichenogr.: 124 (1853).

THALLUS saxicolous, crustose, bullate to subsquamulose (becoming

distinctly squamulose), continuous; surface deep brown, smooth, epruinose;

medulla white.

168 ... Wang & al.

APOTHECIA lecideine, 0.3-0.7 mm diam, sessile; pisc black, epruinose,

initially plane, usually becoming strongly convex; EXCIPLE narrow, aethalea-

type, 15-40 um thick; EPITHECIUM brown, HYMENIUM 50-75 um tall,

hyaline, without oil droplets, paraphyses 2-3 um diam. Ascz cylindrical to

clavate, 8-spored. Ascospores brown to dark brown, Bacidia-type, ellipsoid,

1-septate, 12-15 x 6-8 um. PYCNIDIA not seen.

Cuemistry: No lichen compounds detected by TLC.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: CHINA. SHANDONG PROVINCE, Taian City, Mt. Tai, Hurrahing

Gate, alt. 850 m, 23/VHI/2017, Q.D. Wang TS1777 (LCU; GenBank MG250192).

REMARKS: Our Chinese specimen of Buellia badia has very slightly larger

ascospores in the lower range than previously described (10-15 x 5-8 um;

Bungartz & al. 2007) but otherwise has similar morphology and chemistry.

Buellia badia shares a similar chemistry with B. imshaugii Hafellner, which

differs by its grayish brown thallus and dispersa-type exciple. Buellia badia

has been reported from Europe, North Africa, North America, South Korea,

and New Zealand (Scheidegger 1993, Bungartz & al. 2004, Wang & al. 2016).

In China, the lichen has previously been reported in Liaoning, Heilongjiang,

and Taiwan (Kondratyuk & al. 2013, Qi & al. 2015, Aptroot & Sparrius 2003);

new to Shandong.

Buellia chujana Xin Y. Wang, S.Y. Kondr., L. Lokés & J.S. Hur,

Mycobiology 44(1): 16 (2016). Pine?

THALLUS saxicolous, crustose, rimose, continuous; brown or dark brown;

areoles 0.2-0.8 mm across, with a clear thallus margin, surface smooth and

non-pruinose, medulla white.

APOTHECIA Often abundant; pisc black, epruinose, plane convex;

0.1-0.5 mm diam., immersed to sessile; EXCIPLE narrow, 15-40 um thick;

EPITHECIUM brown; HYMENIUM 30-50 um tall, hyaline, without oil droplets,

paraphyses 2-3 um diam. Asci cylindrical to clavate, 8-spored. ASCOSPORES

brown to dark brown, Bacidia-type, ellipsoid, 1-septate, 8-11 x 6-8 um.

PYCNIDIA not seen.

CHEMISTRY: Perlatolic acid (by TLC).

SELECTED SPECIMENS EXAMINED: CHINA. SHANDONG PROVINCE, Taian City, Mt. Tai,

Houshiwu, alt. 1300 m, 23/VIIH/2017, Q.D. Wang TS1767 (LCU; GenBank MG250191);

Shanziya, alt. 590 m, 28/X/2006, Y.N. Hou TS1010 (LCU); Linghan Peak, alt. 300 m,

13/V/2007, J. LiTS1040 (LCU); Hongdelou, alt. 1510 m, 8/X/2008, C.M. Wang TS1323,

C.C. Jin TS1324 (LCU); Tianzhu Peak, alt. 750 m, 8/XI/2008, M.H. Cao TS1354 (LCU);

Aolai Peak, alt. 550 m, 3/XI/2011, R.C. Ren TS1440 (LCU); Tianzhu Turtle, alt. 980

m, 23/VHI/2017, Q.D. Wang TS1772, TS1774 (LCU); Hurrahing Gate, alt. 850 m, 23/

VIII/2017, Q.D. Wang TS1778 (LCU).

Buellia taishanensis sp. nov. (China) ... 169

PLATE 2. Buellia chujana (LCU Wang TS1767). A. Thallus with apothecia; B. Cross section of

apothecium; C. Ascus containing ascospores. D. Ascospores. Scales: A = 1 mm; B = 100 um;

C = 50 um; D = 20 um.

REMARKS: Our Chinese specimen of Buellia chujana has a thinner hymenium

than previously described (50-60 um; Wang & al. 2016), but otherwise has

similar morphology and chemistry. Buellia chujana is morphologically similar

to B. nashii Bungartz, which can be distinguished by its subsquamulose

thallus containing atranorin and norstictic acid as the main compounds.

Previously known only from South Korea (Wang & al. 2016), B. chujana is

new to China.

Buellia halonia (Ach.) Tuck., Lich. Calif.: 26 (1866). PL. 3

THALLUS saxicolous, crustose, rimose; areoles yellowish green to pale yellow;

thallus surface smooth and epruinose.

170 ... Wang & al.

PiaTE 3. Buellia halonia (LCU Wang TS1749). A. Thallus with apothecia; B. Cross section of

apothecium; C. Ascus containing ascospores. D. Ascospores. Scales: A = 1 mm; B = 100 um;

C = 50 um; D = 20 um.

APOTHECIA epruinose; pisc black, plane, initially immersed, soon bursting

through thallus surface and becoming adnate to sessile, 0.2-0.5 mm diam;

EXCIPLE 25-50 um thick; EPITHECIUM brown; HYMENIUM 40-60 um tall,

hyaline, without oil droplets, paraphyses 2-3 um diam. Ascr cylindrical to

clavate, 8-spored, Bacidia-type. AscosporEs initially olive, brown at maturity,

oblong to ellipsoid, 1-septate, 13-15 x 6-8 um. PYCNIDIA not seen.

CHEMISTRY: Atranorin and norstictic acid (by TLC).

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: CHINA. SHANDONG PROVINCE, Taian City, Mt. Tai, Jade

Emperor Summit, alt. 1510 m, 23/VIII/2017, Q.D. Wang TS1749 (LCU; GenBank

MG250193).

Buellia taishanensis sp. nov. (China) ... 171

Remarks: The morphology and chemistry of our Chinese specimen

agrees with that described by Bungartz & al. (2004). Buellia halonia is

morphologically similar to B. mamillana (Tuck.) W.A. Weber, which differs

by its pruinose thallus with norstictic and connorstictic acid as the main

compounds. Previously known from North America, South Africa, Australia,

Chile, and South Korea (Bungartz & al. 2004, 2007; Wang & al. 2016),

B. halonia is new to China.

Notes on previous reports of Buellia from Mt. Tai

Four Buellia species previously reported from Mt. Tai by Sun & al.

(2013) are revised as follows: B. atrocinerella (Nyl.) Scheid. represents a

misdetermination and is revised here as B. chujana; specimens TS1324

and TS1354 (previously cited under B. centralis) are redetermined here as

B. chujana, while specimen TS231 must still be tested for the presence of

norstictic acid; and the specimens cited as representing B. ocellata (Florke ex

Flot.) Korb. and B. spuria (Schaer.) Anzi possess lecanorine apothecia and

must be referred to a different lichen genus.

Key to the species of Buellia from Mt. Tai

las Ascospores:<12spinbloney. 2 cas ones ees eae yelp weeny eingee vie taaee M ngee ee nae 2

KER GCOSPORCSA > 2 plane OH Se Lhe cle Sy a ede pha Ge vce inn ince pence ge pte aes 3

2a. Norstictic acid present; ascospores 10-12 x 4-5 um.............. B. taishanensis

2b. Perlatolic acid present; ascospores 8-11 x 6-8 um ..........-.0.- 00 e B. chujana

Sa AICHEM COMP OUNGSAUSEM ee Cotati Nal a hela Reta eto e Aecane Aaa ae ae B. badia

3b. Atranorin and norstictic acid present ............ cece eee eee eee eee B. halonia

Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China

(31750001, 31270066, 31700018) and Shandong Excellent Youth Scientist Foundation

Project (BS2011SW028). The authors are grateful to the presubmission reviewers

Dr. Qiang Ren (College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, China) and

Dr. Hurnisa Shahidin (College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University,

China) for reading and improving the manuscript.

Literature cited

Aptroot A, Seaward MRD. 1999. Annotated checklist of Hongkong Lichens. Tropical Bryology 17:

57-101.

Aptroot A, Sipman HJM. 2001. New Hong Kong lichens, ascomycetes and lichenicolous fungi.

Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory 158(91): 317-343.

Aptroot A, Sparrius LB. 2003. New microlichens from Taiwan. Fungal Diversity 14: 1-50.

172 ... Wang & al.

Bungartz F, Elix JA, Nash III TH. 2004. The genus Buellia sensu lato in the Greater Sonoran Desert

region: saxicolous species with one-septate ascospores containing xanthones. Bryologist

107(4): 459-479. https://doi.org/10.1639/0007-2745(2004)107[459:TGBSLI]2.0.CO;2

Bungartz F, Nordin A, Grube M. 2007. Buellia. 113-179, in: TH Nash III & al. (eds). Lichen

flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert region. Vol. 3. Balance of the macrolichens, and the

lichenicolous fungi. Lichens Unlimited. Tempe (AZ): Arizona State University.

Gardes M, Bruns TD. 1993. ITS primers with enhanced specificity for basidiomycetes-

application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts. Molecular Ecology 2: 113-118.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.1993.tb00005.x

Jia ZF, Wei JC. 2016. Flora lichenum sinicorum, vol. 13. - Ostropales (1) - Graphidaceae 1. Science

Press, Beijing. 210 p.

Kirk PM, Cannon PE, Minter DW, Stalpers JA (eds). 2008. Dictionary of the fungi, 10th edition.

CAB International, Wallingford.

Kondratyuk S, L6kdés L, Tschabanenko S, Haji Moniri M, Farkas E, Wang X, Oh SO, Hur JS.

2013. New and noteworthy lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi. Acta Botanica Hungarica

55(3-4): 275-349. https://doi.org/10.1556/ABot.55.2013.3-4.9

Liu M, Wei JC. 2013. Lichen diversity in Shapotou region of Tengger Desert, China Mycosystema

32(1): 42-50.

Obermayer W, Blaha J, Mayrhofer H. 2004. Buellia centralis and chemotypes of Dimelaena in Tibet

and other Central-Asian regions. Symbolae Botanicae Upsalienses 34(1): 327-342.

Qi GY, Sha W, Dong Y. 2015. Diversity of crustose lichen from Wudalianchi in Heilongjiang

Province. Journal of Fungal Research 13(2): 122-128.

Scheidegger C. 1993. A revision of European saxicolous species of the genus Buellia De Not.

and formerly included genera. Lichenologist 25(4): 315-364.

https://doi.org./10.1017/S0024282993000441

Sun JJ, Wang XH, Jia ZF 2013. Preliminary study of lichen genus Buellia from Mountain Tai.

Journal of Fungal Research 111(13): 155-163.

Wang XY, Liu D, Lék6s L, Kondratyuk SY, Oh SO, Park JS, Hur JS. 2016. New species and new

records of Buellia (lichenized Ascomycetes) from Jeju Province, South Korea. Mycobiology

44(1): 14-20. https://doi.org/10.5941/MYCO.2016.44.1.14

Watanuki O, Hara K, Harada H, Komine M, Fuji S. 2017. Buellia numerosa and B. subnumerosa,

two new species of the lichen genus Buellia (Caliciaceae) from Japan. Bryologist 120(1):

25-36. https://doi.org/10.1639/0007-2745-120.1.025

Wei JC. 1991. An enumeration of lichens in China. International Academic Publishers,

Beijing, 278 p.

White TJ, Bruns TD, Lee SB, Taylor JW. 1990. Amplification and direct sequencing of

fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. 315-322, in: MA Innis & al. (eds).

PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications. San Diego, Academic Press.

https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1

MY COTAXON

January-March 2018— Volume 133, pp. 173-174

https://doi.org/10.5248/133.173

Replacement names for two Australian species of Inocybe

P. BRANDON MATHENY! & NEALE L. BOUGHER?

' Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee,

1406 Circle Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee, 37996 U.S.A.

? Western Australian Herbarium, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation & Attractions,

Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, Western Australia 6983, Australia

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: pmatheny@utk.edu

ABSTRACT—Replacement names are proposed for two Australian Inocybe species that

are illegitimate later homonyms: I. austrofibrillosipes for I. fibrillosipes Matheny & al.

and I. fulvotomentosa for I. mallocyboides Matheny & al.

Key worps—Agaricales, Inocybaceae, new names, nomenclature

Inocybe austrofibrillosipes Matheny, Bougher & G.M. Gates nom. nov.

MycoBAnk MB 824698

ErymoLocy—Referring to I. fibrillosipes of the southern hemisphere.

= Inocybe fibrillosipes Matheny, Bougher & G.M. Gates, Fungi of Australia:

Inocybaceae: 188. June 2017, nom. illegit. ICN Art. 53.1

[non I. fibrillosipes E. Ludw., Pilzkompendium 4: 394. April 2017.]

Type: Australia, Tasmania, Mount Field National Park Lady Barron Track, gregarious to

scattered in wet sclerophyll forest along bank of track under Eucalyptus regnans, Acacia,

and Pomaderris, 8 June 2009, leg. D. Ratkowsky, G. Gates & P.B. Matheny PBM3224

(holotype, PERTH 08517002; isotype TENN 068200; GenBank ITS KJ778858).

Inocybe fulvotomentosa Matheny, Bougher, R. Rob. & K. Syme nom. nov.

MycoBAnk MB 824699

ErymoLocy—Referring to the yellowish brown colors and tomentose pileus surface.

= Inocybe mallocyboides Matheny, Bougher, R. Rob. & K. Syme, Fungi of Australia:

Inocybaceae: 180. June 2017, nom. illegit. ICN Art. 53.1

[non I. mallocyboides E. Ludw., Pilzkompendium 4: 434. April 2017.]

174 ... Matheny & Bougher

Type: Australia, Western Australia, London Forest Block, 1.8 km south of Mountain

Road, along Renzo Road extension, on sandy soil in Jarrah forest under Eucalyptus

marginata, Kunzea, and other myrtaceous shrubs, 10 June 2010, leg. R.M. Robinson

& K. Syme PBM3501 (holotype, PERTH 08242240; isotype TENN 069669; GenBank

ITS KP308773).

Two major works documenting species of Inocybaceae Julich were published

during 2017, one in Australia (Matheny & Bougher 2017) and one in Europe

(Ludwig 2017). Both works independently described two new species under

the names Inocybe fibrillosipes and I. mallocyboides; the European species in

Ludwig (2017) are taxonomically unrelated to their Australian homonyms in

Matheny & Bougher (2017). Because the study by Ludwig was published in

April 2017 and that of Matheny & Bougher in June 2017, the names presented

by Matheny & Bougher (2017) are later homonyms and thus illegitimate per

ICN Art. 53.1. As a result, the replacement names I. austrofibrillosipes and

I. fulvotomentosa are introduced to replace the two illegitimate Australian

names.

Acknowledgments

The authors thank Ditte Bandini, Donna Braquet, Ellen Larsson, Shaun Pennycook,

and Scott Redhead for assistance and advice.

Literature cited

Ludwig E. 2017. Pilzkompendium. Bd. 4. Berlin, Germany: Fungicon- Verlag.

Matheny PB, Bougher NL. 2017. Fungi of Australia: Inocybaceae. Australian Biological Resources

Study, Canberra. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne.

MY COTAXON

January-March 2018— Volume 133, pp. 175-181

https://doi.org/10.5248/133.175

New records of Haematomma and Ophioparma

from China

Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences,

Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, PR. China

“CORRESPONDENCE TO: yilmi0@outlook.com

ABSTRACT—Haematomma caperaticum and Ophioparma rubricosa are newly reported from

China, and H. africanum and H. wattii are reported for the first time from mainland China.

Key worps—East Asia, Haematommataceae, lichenized fungi, Ophioparmaceae, taxonomy

Introduction

Haematomma A. Massal. was described by Massalongo in 1852. It is

usually recognized by lecanorine apothecia with a bright red to orange-red

epihymenium; Lecanora-type or Haematomma-type asci; colourless, fusiform

to broadly acicular, transversely multiseptate ascospores; and the presence of

atranorin (Brodo & al. 2008, Nelsen & al. 2006, Nash & al. 2004, Smith & al.

2009). This genus is common in the world’s temperate and tropical regions

(McCarthy & Mallett 2004). Ophioparma Norman resembles Haematomma

in its red to orange-red discs but differs in its secondary chemistry—

Haematomma produces haematommone or russulone, (K+ purple or K+ red)

while Ophioparma produces haemoventosin (K+ blue) (Smith & al. 2009).

Molecular analyses have clearly supported placement of Ophioparma in

Ophioparmaceae (Wedin & al. 2005). However, the position of Haematomma

is still debated, with some authors placing it in Lecanoraceae, others in

Haematommataceae (Brodo & al. 2008, McCarthy & Mallett 2004); the use of

molecular methods by Kalb & al. (2008) and Lumbsch & al. (2008) have thus

far failed to resolve this problem.

176 ... Tang & al.

Here we describe Chinese material representing four species of Haematomma

and Ophioparma, two new to China and the other two new to mainland China.

Materials & methods

The studied specimens are housed in the Lichen Section of the Botanical Herbarium,

Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China (SDNU). Their morphological characters

were examined under an OLympus SZ51 stereomicroscope and an OLtymMpus CX21

polarizing microscope. Both thallus and medulla were identified by testing with K (a

10% aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide) and C (a saturated solution of aqueous

sodium hypochlorite). The lichen substances were identified using standardized thin

layer chromatography techniques (TLC) with system C (Orange & al. 2010). The lichens

were photographed using the SZX16 and BX61 microscopes attached to an OLYMPUS

DP72 digital camera.

Taxonomic descriptions

Haematomma africanum (J. Steiner) C.W. Dodge,

Beih. Nova Hedwigia 38: 39 (1971) Fic. 1A-E

Corticolous. Thallus crustose, continuous, rugose or rimose, roughened,

without isidia or soredia, dull yellowish white, medulla I-; prothallus usually

present. Apothecia rounded, deep reddish, sessile or constricted at base,

dispersed, smooth, (0.5-)0.8-1.4 mm diam., margin distinct, crenulate or

flexuose, usually prominent with disc; epihymenium red to orange-red, K+

purple, dissipating; hymenium hyaline, 50-75 um tall; hypothecium hyaline,

K-; paraphyses branched and anastomosing. Asci clavate, 8-spored; ascospores

persistently colorless, strongly twisted in ascus, multi-septate, fusiform, curved,

21-24-celled in optical view, locules sometimes not equal in size, 50-75 x 5-7.5

um. Pycnidia: not observed.

CHEMISTRY—Cortex and medulla K+ yellow, C-, KC-. Atranorin,

placodiolic acid, and haematommone detected by TLC.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: CHINA. FUujIAN, Wuyishan, Tongmucun, alt. 1200 m, on bark,

26 Oct. 2010, X.R. Kou 20104860, 20104861 (SDNU). Gu1zHOU, Kaili, Mt. Leigong, alt.

1800 m, on bark, 2 Apr. 2011, Y.L. Cheng 20112194 (SDNU).

DISTRIBUTION—Central and South America, southern Africa, Australia, China

(Taiwan), Costa Rica, India, Hawaii, Malaya, Japan, Philippines, and Papua

New Guinea (Staiger & Kalb 1995, Aptroot & Sparrius 2003, Nelsen & al. 2006,

Brodo & al. 2008). New to mainland China.

ComMENtTS— The Chinese material has ascospores with slightly more septa

than previously cited for H. africanum (10-20-celled; Staiger& al. 1995) but

otherwise agrees in morphology and chemistry.

Haematomma & Ophioparma spp. new for China... 177

a) 0am | 10 um |

Fic. 1. Haematomma africanum. A. Thallus; B. Apothecium section; C. K reaction; D. Ascus;

E. Ascospores. Haematomma caperaticum. F. Thallus; G. Apothecium section; H. K reaction;

I. Ascus; J. Ascospores.

178 ... Tang & al.

Haematomma africanum morphologically resembles H. accolens (Stirt.)

Hillmann and they share a common chemistry, but H. accolens has smaller

(42-62 x 3-5 um) spores with fewer (6-8) cells (Brodo &al. 2008). Additionally,

H. accolens usually has a thinner, more regular, apothecial margin.

Haematomma caperaticum Brodo, W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb.,

Bryologist 111(3): 388 (2008) Fic. 1F-J

Corticolous. Thallus crustose, continuous, rugose or rimose, roughened,

without isidia or soredia, dull yellowish white; prothallus not observed.

Apothecia rounded, deep reddish, sessile or constricted at base, dispersed,

smooth, yellowish pruinose, 0.5-0.8 mm diam., margin distinct, inward

flexuose, usually prominent with disk; epihymenium red to orange-red, K+

purple, dissipating; hymenium hyaline, 50-62.5 um tall; hypothecium hyaline

or pale yellowish, K-; paraphyses branched and anastomosing, 2-2.5 um

diam. Asci clavate, 8-spored; ascospores persistently colorless, multi-septate,

fusiform, curved, 8-15-celled in optical view, locules sometimes not equal in

size, 62.5-75(-77.5) x 3-5 um. Pycnidia: not observed.

CHEMISTRY—Cortex and medulla K+ yellow, C-, KC-. Atranorin,

placodiolic acid (minor), haematommone (minor), and caperatic acid detected

by TLC.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: CHINA. GUANGDONG, Xinyi, Dari Top, alt. 1700 m, on bark, 5

Nov. 2010, H.Y. Wang 20107544 (SDNU).

DISTRIBUTION—Haiti, Dominican Republic, Jamaica. and Guatemala (Brodo

& al. 2008). New to China.

ComMENTS— The Chinese material closely matches the protologue description

of H. caperaticum (Brodo & al. 2008). The most diagnostic characteristics

of Haematomma caperaticum are the yellowish pruinose apothecia and the

presence of caperatic acid.

Haematomma wattii (Stirt.) Zahlbr., Cat. Lich. Univers. 5: 776 (1928) Fic. 2A-E

Corticolous. Thallus crustose, continuous, rugose or rimose, roughened,

without isidia or soredia, dull yellowish white or pale grey; prothallus

usually present. Apothecia rounded, deep reddish, sessile or constricted

at base, dispersed, smooth, epruinose, (0.3-)0.8-1.8 mm diam., margin

distinct, crenulate or flexuose, usually prominent with disk; epihymenium

red to orange-red, K+ purple, dissipating; hymenium hyaline, 75-90 um tall;

hypothecium hyaline or pale yellowish. Asci clavate, 4-spored; ascospores

persistently colorless, muriform, fusiform, curved, 18-23-celled in optical

Haematomma & Ophioparma spp. new for China... 179

Fic. 2. Haematomma wattii. A. Thallus; B. Apothecium section; C. K reaction; D. Ascus;

E. Ascospores. Ophioparma rubricosa. F. Thallus; G. Apothecium section; H. K reaction; I. Ascus;

J. Ascospores.

180 ... Tang & al.

view, locules sometimes not equal in size, 62.5-82.5(-100) x 6.25-7.5(-10) um.

Pycnidia: not observed.

CHEMISTRY—Cortex and medulla K+ yellow, C-, KC-. Atranorin,

placodiolic acid, and haematommone detected by TLC.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: CHINA. GUIZHOU, Kaili, Mt. Leigong, alt. 1800 m, on bark,

24 Aug. 2010, Z.L. Huang 20103177, 20103190 (SDNU); 2 Apr. 2011, Y.L. Cheng

20112441, 20112674 (SDNU). JIANGXI, Jian, Qianmocun, alt. 1300 m, on bark,

1 Nov. 2010, H.Y. Wang 20106037 (SDNU).

DisTRIBUTION—China (Taiwan), India, Thailand, Borneo, Malaysia,

Philippines, and Papua New Guinea (Aptroot & Sparrius 2003, Brodo & al.

2008). New to mainland China.

CoMMENTS—The Chinese material closely matches previously published

descriptions of H. wattii (McCarthy & Mallett 2004). Haematomma wattii is

chemically similar to H. africanum, which differs by its muriform and thicker

ascospores (see COMMENTS, above, under Haematomma africanum).

Ophioparma rubricosa (Mill. Arg.) S. Ekman,

Opera Bot. 127: 133 (1996) Fic. 2F-J

Corticolous. Thallus granular, without isidia or soredia, pale yellowish

white; prothallus not observed. Apothecia red, dispersed, smooth, epruinose,

0.5-1.5 mm diam., margin thin and disappears in old apothecia; epihymenium

orange-red, K+ blue; hymenium hyaline, 60-65 um tall; hypothecium

hyaline. Asci clavate, 8-spored; ascospores persistently colorless, multi-

septate, fusiform, 3—4-celled in optical view, 30-42.5 x 2.5-3 um. Pycnidia:

not observed.

CHEMISTRY—Thallus K-, C-, KC-. Divaricatic acid, haemoventosin,

usnic acid (minor), and nordivaricatic acid (minor) detected by TLC.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: CHINA. X1ZANG, Linzhi, Lulang, Mt. Sejila, alt. 4400 m, on

bark, 27 Oct. 2007, G.Y. Han 20073332 (SDNU).

DISTRIBUTION—U.S.A. and Canada (Martinez & Aragon 2003, Brodo & al.

2001). New to China.

CoMMENTS—The Chinese material closely matches previously published

descriptions of O. rubricosa (Brodo & al. 2001). The most diagnostic character

of Ophioparma rubricosa is its granular thallus. It is morphologically similar

to Ophioparma araucariae (Follmann) Kalb & Staiger, which differs by

containing thamnolic acid.

Haematomma & Ophioparma spp. new for China... 181

Acknowledgements

We thank Dr. A. Aptroot (ABL Herbarium, Soest, the Netherlands), Dr. S.Y.

Guo (State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, CAS, Beijing),

and Dr. John Elix (Australian National University, Canberra) for providing great

guidance during the study. This work was supported by the National Natural Science

Foundation of China (31400015, 31570017), and the Scientific Research Foundation

of Graduate School of Shandong Normal University (SCX201749).

Literature cited

Aptroot A, Sparrius LB. 2003. New microlichens from Taiwan. Fungal Diversity 14(1): 1-50.

Brodo IM, Sharnoff SD, Sharnoff S. 2001. Lichens of North America. Yale University Press,

New Haven. 795 p.

Brodo IM, William LC, Chicita FC. 2008. Haematomma (Lecanoraceae) in North and Central

America. Bryologist 111(3): 363-423.

https://doi.org/10.1639/0007-2745(2008)111[363:HLINAC]2.0.CO;2

Kalb K, Staiger B, Elix JA, Lange U, Lumbsch HT. 2008. A new circumscription of the genus

Ramboldia (Lecanoraceae, Ascomycota) based on morphological and molecular evidence.

Nova Hedwigia 86(1-2): 23-42. https://doi-org/10.1127/0029-5035/2008/0086-0023

Lumbsch HT, Nelsen MP, Licking R. 2008. The phylogenetic position of Haematommataceae

(Lecanorales, Ascomycota), with notes on secondary chemistry and species delimitation.

Nova Hedwigia 86(1-2): 105-114. https://doi-org/10.1127/0029-5035/2008/0086-0105

Martinez I, Aragén G. 2003. Ophioparma junipericola, a new lichen from Spain. Bryologist

106(4): 528-531. https://doi.org/10.1639/0007-2745(2003) 106[528:OJANLF]2.0.CO;2

McCarthy PM, Mallett K (eds). 2004. Flora of Australia. Volume 56A. Lichens 4. Collingwood,

CSIRO Publishing/ABRS. 222 p.

Nash TH, Ryan BD, Diederich P, Gries C, Bungartz F. 2004. Lichen flora of the Greater Sonoran

Desert Region, vol. 2. Tempe, Lichens Unlimited.

Nelsen MP, Liicking R, Chaves JL, Sipman HJM, Umafia L, Navarro E. 2006. A first assessment

of the Ticolichen biodiversity inventory in Costa Rica: the genus Haematomma (Lecanorales:

Lecanoraceae). Lichenologist 38(3): 251-262. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282906005573

Orange A, James PW, White FJ. 2001. Microchemical methods for the identification of lichens.

2nd edition. London, British Lichen Society.

Smith CW, Aptroot A, Coppins BJ, Fletcher A, Gilbert OL, James PW, Wolseley PA. 2009.

The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland. London, British Lichen Society.

Staiger B, Kalb K. 1995. Haematomma-studien: I. Die Flechtengattung Haematomma.

Bibliotheca Lichenologica 59: 3-198.

Wedin M, Wiklund E, Crewe A, Doring H, Ekman S, Nyberg A, Schmitt I, Lumbsch

HT. 2005. Phylogenetic relationships of Lecanoromycetes (Ascomycota) as revealed by

analyses of mtSSU and nLSU rDNA sequence data. Mycological Research 109: 159-172.

https://doi.org/10.1017/S0953756204002102

MY COTAXON

January-March 2018—Volume 133, pp. 183-196

https://doi.org/10.5248/133.185

Chinese black truffles: Tuber yigongense sp. nov.,

taxonomic reassessment of T. indicum s.l.,

and re-examination of the T. sinense isotype

Li FAN?*4, JUN-LI ZHANG’, TING LI,

HUuI-JUAN SUN’, WEI-PING XIONG? ®, Yu LP

"College of Life Science, Capital Normal University,

105 Xisanhuanbeilu, Haidian, Beijing 100048, China

? Institute of Vegetable Sciences, Tibet Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences,

Lhasa, 850002, Tibet, China

* Institute of Mycology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China

" CORRESPONDENCE TO: * fanli@mail.cnu.edu.cn, lifan1966@hotmail.com

® 13989009985@163.com

ABSTRACT—A new species, Tuber yigongense, is described. ITS sequences derived from

Chinese black truffles grouped into three clusters, each recognised as a different species:

T. sinense, T. formosanum, and T. yigongense. Tuber sinense and T. formosanum cannot

be separated morphologically, but T: yigongense differs from them by its yellow brown

ascospores. Based on ITS sequence analysis, numerous Chinese specimens previously

identified as T. indicum and T: himalayense are redetermined as either T. sinense or

T: formosanum; although the phylogenetic results suggest that the two Indian species do not

occur in China, the true taxonomic affinities cannot be fully resolved because of the lack of

Indian sequences of T. indicum and T: himalayense.

Key worps—Ascomycetes, biogeography, DNA sequence, taxonomy, Tuberaceae

Introduction

Although Chinese truffles have been finding their way onto restaurant

tables around the world over the past two decades, there is still confusion

as to which taxonomic names should be applied. Tuber indicum Cooke &

Massee was described from Mussooree [Mussoorie], near Dehradun in

184 ... Fan & al.

northwest India (Cooke & Massee 1892), and a second Indian species, based

on a specimen from the same locality, was described as Tuber himalayense

B.C. Zhang & Minter (Zhang & Minter 1988). In 1988 some specimens

from Sichuan province were sent to Shanxi University and described as a

new species Tuber sinense K. Tao & B. Liu based on morphological features

(Tao & al. 1989). Prof. M. Zang identified a similar collection from Yunnan

province as T- indicum (Zang 1992). Prof. Zang’s opinion was widely accepted

in China, and T. sinense was regarded as a synonym of the Indian species

(Comandini & Pacioni 1997, Zhuang 1998, Riousset & al. 2001, Zhang & al.

2005, Song 2005, Chen 2007, Hall & al. 2007, Kinoshita & al. 2011, Bonito &

al. 2013, Li & al. 2015, Zambonelli & al. 1997). Dr. H.T. Hu, who also found

black truffles on Taiwan Island about the same time, proposed to name these

“Tuber formosanum” H.T. Hu (Hu 1992), but this name was invalid as no

type was assigned. It was later validly re-described as T: formosanum H.T.

Hu & Y. Wang (Qiao & al. 2013). Because of its morphological similarity to

the other Chinese black truffles, T. formosanum has also been treated as a

synonym of T: indicum by some authors (Song 2005, Chen 2007, Cao 2010).

Molecular phylogenetic analyses have revealed that there are at least two

distinct lineages in Chinese black truffles, strongly suggesting that there are

two species. The two lineages have been interpreted in four different ways:

(1) as “Tuber indicum-A°’ and “Tuber indicum-B” (Kinoshita & al. 2011,

Bonito & al. 2013, Belfiori & al. 2013); (2) as two geographical ecotypes

(Wang & al. 2006, Chen & al. 2016); (3) as two cryptic species (Chen & al.

2011, 2016); or (4) as T: indicum and T: himalayense (Zhang & al. 2005, Feng

& al. 2016).

In this study, phylogenetic analyses were conducted on the Chinese black

truffles using the ITS-nrDNA sequence, the popularly accepted DNA marker

for species delimitation in Tuber (Bonito & al. 2010, 2013; Kinoshita & al.

2011; Fan & al. 2016a,b), in order to clarify the species composition of the

Chinese black truffles and apply the correct scientific names. The analyses

also revealed a new species and some morphological differences between

T. indicum and Chinese taxa.

Materials & methods

Morphological studies

Fresh truffles were collected from under Pinus spp. or Castanea spp. in mixed

woodlands in Hebei, Yunnan, Sichuan, and Tibet, China. Specimens were preserved

in the Herbarium, Biology Department, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China

Tuber yigongense sp. nov. (Tibet) ... 185

TABLE 1. Newly generated ITS gene sequences from specimens representing

Tuber species sampled in the phylogenetic study.

TAXON

T. formosanum

T. pseudohimalayaense

T. sinense

VOUCHER

BJTC FAN107

BJTC FAN214

BJTC FAN329

BJTC FAN356

BJTC FAN363

BJTCEAN720

BJTC FAN734

BJTC FAN735

BJTC FAN736

BJTC FAN737

BJTC FAN738

BJTC FAN739

BJTC FAN740

BJTC FAN741

BJTC FAN742

BJTC FAN743

BJTC FAN744

BJTC FAN745

BJTC FAN746

BJTC FAN747

BJTC FAN748

BJTC FAN749

BJTC FAN750

BJTC FAN751

BJTC FAN752

BJTC FAN753

BJTC FAN122

BJTC FAN108

BJTC FAN109

BJTC FAN110

BJTC FAN111

ORIGIN

Yunnan, China

Sichuan, China

Yunnan, China

Hebei, China

Sichuan, China

Yunnan, China

Table 1 concluded on next page

GENBANK No.

MF621549

MF627984

MF627985

MF627986

MF627987

MF627988

MF627989

MF627990

MF627991

MF627992

MF627993

MF627994

MF627995

MF627996

MF627997

MF627998

MF627999

MF628000

MF628001

MF628002

MF628003

MF628004

MF628005

MF628006

MF628007

MF628008

MF627983

MF627968

MF627969

MF627970

MF627971

186 ... Fan & al.

Table 1, concluded

TAXON VOUCHER ORIGIN GENBANK No.

BJTC FAN112 Yunnan, China MF627972

BJTC FAN114 Yunnan, China MF627973

BJTC FAN115 Sichuan, China MF627974

BJTC FAN116 Sichuan, China MF627975

BJTC FAN117 Yunnan, China MF627976

BJTC FAN118 Yunnan, China MF627977

BJTC FAN119 Yunnan, China MF627978

BJTC FAN159 Yunnan, China MF627979

BJTC FAN261 Yunnan, China MF627980

BJTC FAN488 Yunnan, China MF627981

HMAS 60222 [IT] Sichuan, China MF627982

T. yigongense BJTC FAN728 Tibet, China MF663717

BJTC FAN729 Tibet, China MF663716

BJTC FAN730 Tibet, China MF663715

BJTC FAN731 [T] Tibet, China MF663714

[T] = holotype: [IT] = isotype

(BJTC). Fresh specimens were evaluated macroscopically, and microscopic characters

were described from both fresh and rehydrated specimens. Microscopic characteristics

were observed from 10-20 um thick hand-cut sections of dried specimens soaked in

5% KOH (w/v), Melzer’s reagent and cotton blue in lactic acid. For scanning electron

microscopy (SEM), spores were scraped from dried gleba, placed onto double-sided

tape mounted directly on SEM stubs, coated with a 8-nm thick platinum-palladium

film using a Hiracui E-1010 ion-sputter coater, and examined and photographed

with a HiTacur S-4800 scanning electron microscope.

DNA extraction, PCR amplification, and sequencing

Herbarium specimens were crushed by shaking for 30 s at 30 Hz, 2-4 times using

a Mrxer Mitt MM 301 in a 1.5 ml tube together with one 3 mm diam. tungsten

carbide ball, and total genomic DNA was extracted using CTAB. The internal

transcribed spacer (ITS) region of nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) was amplified

using primers ITS1f/ITS4 (White & al. 1990, Gardes & Bruns 1993). DNA was

amplified in 50 ul reactions containing DNA template 2 ul primer (10 uM) 2 pl each,

2x MAsTER Mrx 25 ul as follows: an initial denaturation at 94°C for 3 min, followed

by 35 cycles at 94°C for 30 s, 50°C for 45 s, 72°C for 1 min, and a final extension at

72°C for 10 min. The PCR products were purified, sequenced, and edited by Beijing

Zhongkexilin Biotechnology Co. Validated sequences are stored in the NCBI database

Tuber yigongense sp. nov. (Tibet) ... 187

(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) under the accession numbers listed in TABLE 1.

Additional ITS sequences (Fic. 1), including all available sequences from Chinese

black truffles, were downloaded from the NCBI database.

Phylogenetic analysis

An ITS-nrDNA dataset was compiled to identify and investigate the phylogenetic

placement of the black truffle species. Sequences alignments for each locus were

performed in webPRANK (Loéytynoya & Goldman 2005, using the -F setting) under

default parameters and manually edited at misaligned sites. Poorly aligned sites

for final sequence alignments were identified and ambiguous sites were excluded

by Gblocks v. 0.91b (Castresana 2000; using default options except “Allowed Gap

Positions” = half) with default parameters.

Maximum likelihood (ML) analysis was conducted using RAxML 8.0.14

(Stamatakis & al. 2005; Stamatakis 2006, 2014) and the GTRGAMMAT substitution

model with parameters unlinked. ML bootstrap replicates (1000) were computed in

RAXxML using a rapid bootstrap analysis and search for the best-scoring ML tree. The

ML trees were viewed with TreeView32 (Page 2001). Clades with a bootstrap support

(BS) =70% were considered significantly supported (Hillis & Bull 1993).

Phylogeny

The ITS nrDNA alignment of 224 sequences comprised 575 characters;

of the 370 variable sites, 60.18% (343) sites were informative. The resulting

best ML tree (Fic. 1) grouped all sequences cited here (including two from

European black truffle, others from Japanese black truffle, and all available

GenBank ITS sequences derived from Chinese black truffles) into five

clusters with strong support (BS =73%). The five clusters corresponded to

European T. melanosporum Vittad., Japanese Tuber sp. 7 (Kinoshita & al.

2011), and three Chinese clusters designated as Clusters A—C (Fie. 1).

Cluster A contained our 15 newly generated T: sinense sequences

(including the isotype sequence; TaBLE 1) and 99 Chinese sequences

[previously deposited as “T! indicum” (91), “T: himalayense” (1), or

“T. sinense” (7)] (Fic. 1). Sequence similarity analysis showed that Cluster

A sequences shared >98% ITS sequence identity and <94% similarity with

other Tuber sequences.

Cluster B contained our 26 newly generated T: formosanum sequences

(TaBLE 1) and 55 Chinese sequences [previously deposited as “T: indicum”

(49), “T. himalayense” (1), “T. formosanum” (3, including the holotype), or

“Tuber sp.’ (2)] and two Japanese sequences [previously deposited as “Tuber

sp. 6”] (Fic. 1). Cluster B sequences shared >98% ITS sequence identity and

>94% similarity with other Tuber sequences.

188 ... Fan &al.

T. indicum GU979078 Yunnan China

T. indicum_ECM JQ638970 YunnanChina

T. indicum_ECM JQ638980 Yunnan China

T. indicum_ECM JQ638954 Yunnan China

T. indicumDQ375513 Yunnan China

T. indicum_ECM JQ638979 Yunnan China

T. indicum_ECM JQ638957 Yunnan China

T. indicum_ECM JQ638987 Yunnan China

T. indicum_ECM JQ638989 Yunnan China

T. indicum_ECM JQ638956 Yunnan China

T. indicum GU979067 Yunnan China

T. indicum DQ375509 Yunnan China

T. indicum_ECM JQ639003 Yunnan China

T. indicum DQ375514 Yunnan China

T. himalayense AF 132503 Sichuan China

T. indicum_ECM FJ515282 Yunnan China

T. indicum_ECM JQ638953 Yunnan China

T. indicum_ECM FJ515290 Yunnan China

T. indicum_ECM FJ515283 Yunnan China

T. indicum_ECM FJ515289 Yunnan China

T. indicum_ECM FJ515287 Yunnan China

T, indicum AY 514309 Yunnan China

T. indicum_ECM FJ515286 Yunnan China

T. indicum_ECM JQ638967 Yunnan China

T. indicum_ECM JQ638985 Yunnan China

T. indicum_ECM JQ638984 Yunnan China

T. indicum GU979070 Yunnan China

T. indicum DQ375511 Yunnan China

T. sinense BJTC FAN159 Yunnan China

T. indicum DQ375521 Yunnan China

T. indicum DQ375506 Yunnan China

T. indicum DQ375520 Yunnan China

T. indicum DQ375523 Yunnan China

T. indicum AY514306 Yunnan China

T. indicum_ECM FJ515281 Yunnan China

T. indicum DQ375524 Yunnan China

T. sinense BJTC FAN109 Yunnan China

T. indicum AY514305 Yunnan China

T. sinense BJTC FAN117 Yunnan China

T. sinense BJTC FAN118 Yunnan China

T. sinense BJTC FAN111 Yunnan China

T. indicum DQ375522 Yunnan China

T. indicum DQ375515 Yunnan China

T. indicum AY773357 Yunnan China

T. indicum GU979065 Yunnan China

T. indicum GU979066 Yunnan China

T. indicum GU979080 Yunnan China

T. indicum_ECM JQ638988 Yunnan China

T. indicum GU979064 Yunnan China

T. indicum_ECM JQ638986 Yunnan China

T. indicum GU979068 Yunnan China

T. indicum GU979069 Yunnan China

T. indicum_ECM JQ638968 Yunnan China

T. indicum_ECM JQ638978 Yunnan China

T. indicum DQ375507 Yunnan China

T. indicum DQ375508 Yunnan China

T. indicum_ECM FJ515292 Yunnan China

T. indicum_ECM FJ515284 Yunnan China

T. indicum_ECM FJ515288 Yunnan China

T. indicum_ECM FJ515291 Yunnan China

T. indicum_ECM FJ515285 Yunnan China

T. indicumAY514308 Yunnan China

T. indicum DQ375510 Yunnan China

T. indicum DQ329364 Sichuan China

T. indicum_ECM JQ638993 Yunnan China

T. indicum_ECM JQ638964 Yunnan China

T. indicum_ECM JQ638991 Yunnan China

T. indicum_ECM JQ638995 Yunnan China

T. indicum_ECM JQ638996 Yunnan China

T. sinense BJTC FAN261 Yunnan China

T. indicum_ECM JQ638992 Yunnan China

T. indicum_ECM JQ638966 Yunnan China

T. indicum_ECM JQ638965 Yunnan China

T. indicum ECM JQ638990 Yunnan China

T. indicum GU979082 Yunnan China

T. indicum GU979073 Yunnan China

T_indicum GU979074 Yunnan China

T. indicum FJ748906 China

T. indicum GU979075 Yunnan China

T. sinenseGU979063 Yunnan China

T. sinense HMAS 60222 Sichuan China isotype

T. sinenseDQ329376 Sichuan China

T. sinense DQ375497 Sichuan China

T. sinenseGU979061 Yunnan China

T. sinense DQ375526 Sichuan China

T. sinenseGU979062 Yunnan China

T. sinenseDQ375527 Sichuan China

T. sinense BJTC FAN114 Yunnan China

T. sinense BJTC FAN119 Yunnan China

T. sinense BJTC FAN112 Yunnan China

T. indicum DQ375516 Yunnan China

T_ indicum DQ375517 Yunnan China

—-_T. indicum DQ375528 Sichuan China

T. indicum DQ375496 Sichuan China

T, indicum DQ375518 Yunnan China

T. indicum FJ748908 China

T. sinense BJTC FAN110 Yunnan China

T. sinense BJTC FAN488 Yunnan China

T. indicum DQ375512 Yunnan China

T. indicum DQ375519 Yunnan China

T. indicum AY514307 Yunnan China

T. indicum DQ375498 Sichuan China

T. indicum_ECM JQ638971 Yunnan China

T. indicum GU979077 Yunnan China

47. indicum GU979079 Yunnan China

T_sinense GU979072 Yunnan China

T. sinense GU979071 Yunnan China

T. indicum GU979076 Yunnan China

T. indicum_ECM JQ638963 Yunnan China

T. indicum_ECM FJ515293 Yunnan China

T. indicum_ECM JQ638969 Yunnan China

T. indicum_ECM aeoaord Yunnan China

T. indicum_ECM JQ638981 Yunnan China

T. sinense BJTC FAN108 Yunnan China

T. sinense BJTC FAN115 Yunnan China

T. sinense BJTC FAN116 Yunnan China

ClusterA

T. sinense

EURASIAN BLACK TRUFFLES

Tuber yigongense sp. nov. (Tibet) ... 189

T. yigongense BJTC FAN729 Tibet China

‘FP yigongense BJTC FAN728 Tibet China Cluster B

. yigongense BJTC FAN730 Tibet China T. yigongense

hina holotype

T. yigongense BJTC FAN731 Tibet

.7 KA-2010 AB553414 Japan

SB.7 KAL2010 ABSS3417 Japan, | Tubersp.7 Japan

T. indicum GU979057 Yunnan China

T. indicum GU979050 Yunnan China

Tuber_ECM AB873199 Jiangsu China

T. indicum GU979051 Yunnan China

T. indicum_ECM JQ639005 Yunnan China

1 T. indicum GU979059 Yunnan China

T. indicum GU979060 Yunnan China

T. indicum GU979055 Yunnan China

T. indicum GU979056 Yunnan China

T. indicum_ECM JQ639000 Yunnan China

T, indicum [ECM JQ638959 Yunnan China

T, indicum_ECM JQ638955 Yunnan China

T. indicum_ECM JQ638977 Yunnan China

T. formosanum BJTC FAN107 Yunnan China

T. formosanum BJTC FAN356 Sichuan China

T. indicum FJ748907 China 7

T. himalayense AY773356 Yunnan China

T, formosanum BJTC FAN214 Yunnan China

T. indicum DQ375493 Yunnan China

ie indicum DQ375503 Sichuan China

T. indicum DQ329367 Sichuan China

; indicum DQ375505 Sichuan China

7 indicum DQ375504 Sichuan China

T. indicum_ECM JQ639001 Yunnan China

~_T, indicum DQ375500 Sichuan China

T, indicum GU979081 Yunnan China

T. indicum_ECM JQ638999 Yunnan China

T. indicum DQ375490 Yunnan China

T. indicum_ECM JQ639002 Yunnan China

indicum_ECM JQ638997 Yunnan China

T. indicum_ECM JQ638998 Yunnan China

Cluster C

T. indicum GU979058 Yunnan China T. formosanum

T. indicum DQ329365 Sichuan China

T. indicum DQ375499 Sichuan China

T. indicum 0Q329366 Sichuan China

T, indicum DQ329363 Yunnan China

T. indicum DQ375494 Yunnan China

T. indicum DQ375492 Yunnan China

T. indicum DQ375501 Sichuan China

T. indicum DQ375502 Sichuan China

T. indicum_ECM JQ951611 Sichuan China

Ir T. indicum DQ375495 Yunnan China

EURASIAN BLACK TRUFFLES

T. indicum DQ375491 Yunnan China

T. indicum GU979054 Yunnan China

T. formosanum BJTC FAN745 Hebei China

T. formosanum BJTC FAN747 Hebi

T. formosanum BJTC FAN752 Hebei China

T. formosanum BJTC FAN749 Hebei China

T. formosanum BJTC FAN750 Hebei China

T. formosanum BJTC FAN742 Hebei China

T, formosanum BJTC FAN741 Hebei China

T. formosanum BJTC FAN720 Hebei China

T, formosanum BJTC FAN735 Hebei China

T. formosanum BJTC FAN753 Hebei China

T. formosanum BJTC FAN746 Hebei China

T. formosanum BJTC FAN734 Hebei China

T. formosanum BJTC FAN743 Hebei China

T, formosanum BJTC FAN744 Hebei China

T, formosanum BJTC FAN737 Hebei China

T. formosanum BJTC FAN748 Hebei China

T, formosanum BJTC FAN738 Hebei China

T. formosanum BJTC FAN739 Hebei China

T. formosanum BJTC FAN736 Hebei China

T. formosanum BJTC FAN329 Sichuan China

T. Se ce ee eeeas Japan ;

uber_ECM AB873198 Jiangsu China

T, formosanum BJTC FAN363 Yunnan China

T. sp. 6 KA-2010 AB553388 Japan

T. formosanum GU979048 Taiwan China

8 T. formosanum GU979049 Taiwan China

T. formosanum JN655530 Taiwan China holotype

T, melanosporum FJ748904 Italy

T, melanosporum AF 132501 France [Il 7. melanosporum

T. regimontanum EU375838 Mexico

| T. brumale HM485345 Italy

T, brumale AF 106880 Italy },

T. pseudoexcavatum GU979042 Yunnan China

93| _7. pSeudoexcavatum GU979045 Yunnan China

T. pseudoexcavatum GU979046 Yunnan China

T. pseudoexcavatum GU979044 Yunnan China

T. pseudohimalayaense BJTC FAN122 Sichuan China § T. pseudohimalayense

T. pseudoexcavatum HM485381 Yunnan China

T. pseudohimalayense JX458716 Yunnan China

100 T. sp. 5 KA-2010 AB553382 Japan

T. sp. 5 KA-2010 AB553381 Japan

T. sp.SL-2015 KJ877188 Yunnan China

T. pseudobrumale Kr 42703 Yunnan China holotype J 7. pseudobrumale

T. sp.SL-2015 KJ877187 Yunnan China

T. borchii FJ809852 Italy

T. borchii KTO67681 New Zealand

0.1

Fic. 1 (leftt+right). Phylogeny derived from maximum likelihood analysis of the ITS rDNA

sequences of Eurasian black truffle species and related Tuber species, using T: borchii as outgroup.

Bootstrap values >70% from 1000 replications are shown above the branches.

Cluster C, containing four sequences derived from our newly proposed

Tuber yigongense, shared >99% ITS sequence identity and <93% similarity

with other Tuber sequences.

190 ... Fan & al.

Each of the three Clusters A-C represents a single species, according to

the Tuber species delimitation criterion of 95% sequence identity suggested

by Kinoshita & al. (2011).

Taxonomy

Tuber yigongense L. Fan & W.P. Xiong, sp. nov. Fic. 2a-d

FUNGAL NAME FN570492

Differs from other Tuber species by its dark brown to blackish ascomata and its

yellow brown ascospores with a densely spiny reticulatum.

TypE—China, Tibet, Linzhi City, Bomi County, Yigong Town, Jiangsegang Village,

2230 m, in soil under Pinus sp., 15 Nov. 2016, Wei-Ping Xiong, Jun-Li Zhang & Hui-

Juan Sun X00486 (Holotype, BJTC FAN731; GenBank MF6637 14).

ETryMoLoGy—referring to the type locality.

ASCOMATA globose to subglobose, slightly lobed, firm, reddish brown

when young, dark brown to blackish at maturity, 1.5-10 cm diam., with

distinct pentagonal and pyramidal warts on the ascomatal surface, having

4—5 ridges <0.6 mm high. Odor aromatic at maturity. PERIDIUM 250-550

um thick (excluding 300-600 um high warts), two-layered: outer layer

225-300 um thick, pseudoparenchymatous, composed of angular or

irregular cells of (7.5—)12.5-30(-37.5) x (5-)7.5-15(-20) um diam., thin-

walled, walls gradually becoming brown towards outer surface; inner

layer 200-300 um thick, composed of hyaline interwoven hyphae, 2.5—-5

um diam., thin-walled, septate. GLEBa solid, whitish, light yellowish when

young, gradually becoming brown to dark brown at maturity, marbled

with numerous thin whitish meandering veins. Asci globose, subglobose,

or broadly ellipsoid, 62.5-75 x 50-62.5 um, sessile at maturity, hyaline,

thin-walled, 1-5-spored, randomly dispersed in glebal tissue. AscOSPORES

ellipsoid (usually a few broadly ellipsoid or subglobose), hyaline when

young, yellow brown at maturity; excluding ornamentation 35-45 x 25-30

um in 1-spored asci, 30-37.5 x 20-25 um in 2-spored asci, and 20-32.5

x 17.5-22.5 um in 3—5-spored asci, ornamented mostly by an irregular

densely spiny reticulatum with occasional isolated spines, 2.5-4 um tall,

straight or strongly curved at apex.

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED—CHINA. TIBET, Linzhi City, Bomi County,

Yigong town, Jiangsegang village, 2230 m, in soil under Pinus sp., 26 July 2016,

Wei-Ping Xiong, & Jun-Li Zhang X00454-1 (BJTC FAN728; GenBank MF663717),

X00454-2 (BJTC FAN729; GenBank MF663716); 15 Nov. 2016, Wei-Ping Xiong,

Jun-Li Zhang, & Hui-Juan Sun X00485 (BJTC FAN730; GenBank MF663715).

Tuber yigongense sp. nov. (Tibet) ... 191

Fic. 2. Chinese Tuber species. Tuber yigongense (BJTC FAN731, holotype). a. Ascoma;

b, d. Asci and ascospores (LM); c. Ascospores (SEM). Tuber formosanum (BJTC FAN720).

e, f. Asci and ascospores (LM); g. Ascomata; Tuber sinense (BJTC FAN108). h. Asci and

ascospores (LM); i. Ascomata. Scale Bars: a, g, i= 1 cm; b, d—-f, h = 10 um; c = 50 um.

CoMMENTS—Tuber yigongense greatly resembles both T: sinense and

T. formosanum in ascoma appearance as they all have large dark brown

fruit-bodies covered by pyramidal warts. However, the yellow-brown

ascospores of T: yigongense set it apart from T! sinense and T: formosanum,

which have red-brown to blackish brown ascospores.

Although T. yigongense shares a <93% ITS sequence similarity with

T. sinense and T: formosanum (Fic. 1), its sequences form a strongly

supported (100% BS) monophyletic clade, supporting T: yigongense as a

distinct species. Similarly, Tuber indicum and T. himalayense from India,

Tuber sp. 7 from Japan, and T: melanosporum from Europe had similar

ascomata to T. yigongense but differed by their black-brown or red-brown

ascospores with spiny or sparsely spiny-reticulate ornamentations. Because

there is no DNA data available from the two Indian Tuber species, their

192 ... Fan & al.

phylogenetic affinities with T’ yigongense are yet to be resolved. We expect

that additional collections Tuber yigongense will be found further afield, as

more surveys are made in the area around Yigong.

Tuber sinense K. Tao &B. Liu,

J. Shanxi Univ. (Nat. Sci. Ed.) 12(2): 215 (1989) Fic. 2h,i

?MISAPPLIED NAME: Tuber indicum sensu auct. sin.

Tuber sinense, corresponding to Cluster A in ML tree (Fic. 1), was

proposed by Tao & Liu (Tao & al. 1989) based on specimens from Huidong

County, Sichuan Province, China. While this species is morphologically

very similar to T: indicum, there is no molecular evidence that can confirm

T. indicum and T: sinense are conspecific; all DNA data under the name

of T: indicum in public databases and academic papers are derived not

from Indian collections, but from China. We believe that “T. indicum” has

been misapplied to Chinese specimens with Cluster A sequences, and that

T. sinense is the appropriate name for Chinese specimens collected within

Southwestern China.

Tuber formosanum H.D. Hu & Y. Wang, Mycotaxon 123: 296 (2013) FIG. 2,e-g

?MISAPPLIED NAME: Tuber indicum sensu auct. sin.

Tuber formosanum, corresponding to Cluster B in our ML tree (Fic.

1), was initially proposed by Hu (1992) but not typified. Recently, Hu

& Wang (Qiao & al. 2013) validated the name from Taiwan. Tuber

formosanum is easily confused morphologically with T: sinense. Based on

our observations, potential diagnostic distinctions between the two species

include [1] the number of ascospores per ascus (1-6 in T! sinense vs. usually

1-4 in T. formosanum) and (2) ascospore ornamentation (mostly isolated

spines in T! sinense vs. spines usually with many more basal connections

in T! formosanum). Although T: formosanum was previously treated as a

synonym of T: indicum (Chen 2007, Cao 2010), our phylogenetic analysis

supports T: formosanum as a good species.

According to our study, T! formosanum has been recorded from Taiwan,

Sichuan, Yunnan, Jiangsu, and Hebei provinces in China, and from Japan

(as Tuber sp. 6; Kinoshita & al. 2011) (TABLE 1, Fic. 1).

Discussion

Species diversity and geography of Eurasian black truffles

Our ITS-based phylogenetic analysis (Fic. 1) of Asian and European

black truffles supports the existence of at least 5 distinct phylogenetic

Tuber yigongense sp. nov. (Tibet) ... 193

species: Tuber melanosporum, T. formosanum, T. sinense, T: yigongense, and

Tuber sp. 7 (Japan). These species share many morphological features—large

dark brown to blackish warty ascomata, a black gleba marbled with whitish

vines, blackish or yellow brown (T: yigongense) ascospores ornamented with

spines or a spine covered-reticulum—by which they are clearly separated

from all other species in the genus. However, they are rather difficult to

distinguish from one another using only morphological characters. One

reason is that some important morphological features overlap among the

species. For example, isolated spine ornamentation of spores is typical for

T. melanosporum, but isolated spines (particularly on immature spores)

are also often observed in T. sinense; similarly, spino-reticulate ascospore

ornamentation, a diagnostic feature in T’ himalayense (Zhang & Minter

1988), is also common and typical in both T: yigongense and T: formosanum.

Secondly, some morphological characters often vary greatly within a

species. For example, isolated ascospore spines predominate in some

T. sinense specimens while the ornamentation is more spino-reticulate in

others. Consequently, we think it is unworkable to identify black truffle

species accurately without molecular data. Tuber yigongense might be an

exception due to its generally pale yellow-brown ascospores, which make it

easily distinguishable from other black truffle species.

Our molecular analysis suggests that T! sinense is limited to Southwestern

China. Tuber yigongense has been found only in Tibet, and perhaps occurs

in a region geographically isolated from the two other Chinese black

truffles. In contrast, T: formosanum is widespread in Southwestern China

(Yunnan and Sichuan provinces, where it overlaps with T° sinense), but

it has also been collected from Taiwan (its type locality), Central China

(Jiangsu province), Northern China (Hebei province), and Japan (Fie. 1).

More recently, T: formosanum (as Tuber indicum-B, Bonito & al. 2011) was

found fruiting in natural forest of North America, although its presence

there might have been a deliberate introduction by human activity.

However, a somewhat similar situation is observed in isolated pockets of

T: melanosporum in southern Europe (Riousset & al. 2001, Hall & al. 2007)

and Tuber sp. 7 (Japan) that appears native to Japan (Kinoshita & al. 2011).

Thus, it seems probable that each known black truffle species is confined to

a separate, relatively small area in the northern hemisphere.

Tuber indicum, T. himalayense, and Chinese black truffles

We exclude T. indicum and Tuber himalayense from the above discussion

because the types (K39493, HMAS 68228) did not yield any useable DNA.

194 ... Fan & al.

Their type locality is Mussoorie, near Dehradun in northern India on the

southwestern Himalayan Plateau, which is separated from the type locality

of T: yigongense by1600 km from Yigong on the northeastern part and the

highest part of the Himalayan Plateau. This barrier and the distance between

them and the other Asiatic species lead us to believe that T. indicum and

T. himalayense might well be molecularly distinct from T: yigongense and

the other species to the east.

Without supporting sequence data, it is unwise to assume that the Indian

T: indicum and T. himalayense are conspecific with any of the Chinese black

truffle species. For the time being, we think it is better to limit application

of the names T: indicum and T: himalayense to Indian specimens, until

authentic DNA material becomes available to resolve the taxonomic

misunderstanding of the Chinese black truffles.

Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Prof. Tai-hui Li and Dr. Ian Hall for reviewing the manuscript.

We express our great thanks to Dr. Jin-zhong Cao for his valuable comments on

an earlier version of this paper. The study was supported by the National Natural

Science Foundation of China (No. 31270058) and the Beijing Natural Science

Foundation (No. 5172003).

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MY COTAXON

January-March 2018—Volume 133, pp. 197-200

https://doi.org/10.5248/133.197

Graphis maomingensis,

a new lichenized fungus from China

Lu-Lu ZHANG *, MENG-ZHU YANG *, ZUN-TIAN ZHAO *

College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University,

Jinan, 250014, China

* CORRESPONDENCE TO”: ztzhao@sdnu.edu.cn

ABSTRACT—Graphis maomingensis sp. nov. is described from Guangdong Province, eastern

China. It is characterized by a concealed disc, striate labia, striatula-morph lirellae, completely

carbonized proper exciple, and hyaline transversely 15-21-septate ascospores. The important

characters of this species are illustrated. All materials are conserved in the Lichen Section of

Botanical Herbarium, Shandong Normal University.

Key worps—Graphidaceae, new species, Ostropales, taxonomy

Introduction

Graphis Adans. (Graphidaceae) belongs to Ostropales, which is the largest

order within Ostropomycetidae, Ascomycota (Lumbsch & Huhndorf 2007, Kirk

& al. 2008). The taxonomy of the genus (Staiger 2002) as revised by Licking

(2009) is characterized by sessile to immersed lirellae with well-developed

labia, a carbonized excipulum, mostly non-inspersed hymenium, and hyaline,

I+ violet-blue, distoseptate ascospores with lens-shaped lumina.

Worldwide, Graphis includes about 460 species (Feuerstein & al. 2016).

In China, about 75 Graphis species have been recorded (Guo & Hur 2015,

Joshi & al. 2015, Jia & Licking 2017). During our study of the lichen flora of

Mt. Datianding in Maoming, Guangdong Province, China, a new species of

Graphis was found, described here as G. maomingensis.

* Lu-Lu ZHanG & MENG-ZHU YANG contributed equally to this work.

198 ... Zhang, Yang, Zhao

Materials & methods

The specimens studied are conserved in the Lichen Section of Botanical Herbarium,

Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China (SDNU). The materials were examined and

measured using an Olympus SZ51 stereomicroscope, with the apothecial anatomy

observed using an OLympus CX41 polarizing microscope. Morphological characters

were photographed using OLtympus SZX16 and BX61 (DP72) cameras. Spot colour

tests and thin-layer chromatography (TLC, using solvent system C) followed standard

lichen substance analysis protocols (Orange & al. 2010).

Taxonomy

Graphis maomingensis Meng Z. Yang & Lu L. Zhang, sp. nov. PL. 1

MycoBAank MB 824948

Differs from Graphis bifera by its striatula-morph lirellae and striate labia.

Type: China, Guangdong Province, Maoming City, Xinyi County, Mt. Datianding,

22°17’N 110°12’E, alt. 1700 m, on bark, 5.X1.2010, coll. Li Ming, 20106911 (Holotype,

SDNU).

EryMo.LoGcy: The specific epithet ‘maomingensis’ refers to Maoming, Guangdong

Province, where the species was found.

THALLUS corticolous, crustose, continuous, pallid to grey, smooth, tightly

attached to the substratum, without isidia and soralia. APOTHECrIA lirelliform,

short to elongate, single, 0.5-5.5 x 0.2-0.4 mm, sessile, thalline margin basal or

absent, scattered over the thallus, labia striate, non-pruinose; Disc concealed,

lirellae striatula-morph. PROPER EXCIPLE conspicuous, completely carbonized,

33-139 um thick; EPITHECIUM 14-27 um high, brownish; HYMENIUM clear, 139-

163 um high, I-; HyPOTHECIUM brownish, 18-37 um high. PARAPHYSES simple,

1-1.5 um diam., apices unbranched; asci cylindrical to clavate, 2-4-spored;

ASCOSPORES hyaline, ellipsoid, transversely septate, 16-22-locular, 54-87 x 6-10

um, I+ violet, with a 5-7 um thick halo.

CHEMISTRY: K-, PD-, C-; no lichen compounds detected.

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED (all in SDNU): CHINA, GUANGDONG

PROVINCE, Maoming City, Xinyi County, Mt. Datianding, alt. 1700 m, 5.X1.2010,

M. Li. 20106735, 20107687, 20106957, 20106890, 20107527A, 20107000, 20106954,

20106915, 20106889, 20106998, 20106955, 20106733, 20107455, 20107673, 20107654,

20107596; X.R. Kou 20107059; D.F. Jiang 20106683, 20107946A, 20107947A,

20107104, 20107815, 20106994, 20106683A, 20107946, 20107661, 20107059,

20107194; H.Y. Wang 20107520, 20107521, 20106612, 20107521A, 20107204,

20107221A, 20107256, 20107212, 20107518, 20107279, 20107553, 20107227,

20107064, 20107605, 20107552, 20107282, 20107549, 20106839, 20107548,

20107521B, 20106668, 20107582, 20107251, 20107217A, 20107064A, 20107598,

20107558, 20107276, 20107217, 20107520A.

Graphis maomingensis sp. nov. (China) ... 199

20 pm

PLaTE 1. Graphis maomingensis (holotype). A, B. Thallus on bark; C, D. Section of apothecium;

E. Ascospores; F. Ascospores I+ violet. Scale bars: A, B = 1 mm; C = 50 um; D-F = 20 um.

EcoLoecy: Graphis maomingensis is known only from Datianding Mountain,

Maoming City, Guangdong Province, growing on barks of various deciduous

trees.

CoMMENTs: The new species is distinguished by its concealed disc,

striatula-morph lirellae, completely carbonized proper exciple, and

2—4-spored asci. Other Graphis species differ from G. maomingensis by

200 ... Zhang, Yang, Zhao

6—8-spored asci (G. contortuplicata; Licking & al. 2009), 8-spored asci

(G. striatula; Archer 2006), nuda-morph (very short and unbranched)

lirellae and entire labia (G. bifera; Licking & al. 2009), or shorter (25—45 um)

ascospores (G. duplicata; Licking & al. 2009).

Acknowledgements

The project was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation

of China (31400015). The authors thank Dr. Ze-Feng Jia (College of Life Sciences,

Liaocheng University, Shandong, China) and Dr. Santosh Joshi (CSIR-National Botanical

Research Institute, Lucknow, India) for their valuable comments on the manuscript, and

for acting as presubmission reviewers. The authors are grateful to Hua-Jie Liu (College

of Life Sciences, Hebei University, China) for additional manuscript review.

Literature cited

Archer AW. 2006. The lichen family Graphidaceae in Australia. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 94: 90.

Feuerstein SC, Koch NM, Lucheta F, Vargas VMF, Da Silveira RMB. 2016: A new species of Graphis

(Graphidaceae: lichenized Ascomycota) and a revised key of the genus in Rio Grande do Sul,

southern Brazil. Phytotaxa 289(3): 271-278. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.289.3.7

Guo W, Hur JS. 2015: Graphis hongkongensis sp. nov. and other Graphis spp. new to Hong Kong.

Mycotaxon 130(2): 429-436. http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/130.429

Jia ZF, Liicking R. 2017: Resolving the species of the lichen genus Graphina Mill. Arg. in China,

with some new combinations. MycoKeys 25: 13-29.

http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.25.13154

Joshi S, Upreti DK, Wang XY, Hur JS. 2015: Graphis yunnanensis (Ostropales, Graphidaceae), a

new lichen species from China. Mycobiology 43(2): 118-121.

http://dx.doi.org/10.5941/MYCO.2015.43.2.118

Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA. 2008. Ainsworth and Bisby’s dictionary of the

fungi. 10" edition. CAB International Publishing, Wallingford 771 p.

Liicking R. 2009. The taxonomy of the genus Graphis sensu Staiger (Ascomycota: Ostropales:

Graphidaceae). Lichenologist 41: 319-362. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0024282909008524

Liicking R, Archer AW, Aptroot A. 2009. A world-wide key to the genus Graphis (Ostropales:

Graphidaceae). Lichenologist 41(4):363-452. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282909008305

Lumbsch HT, Huhndorf SM. 2007. Outline of Ascomycota - 2007. Myconet 13: 1-58.

Orange A, James PW, White FJ. 2010. Microchemical methods for the identification of lichens.

2™ edition. London: British Lichen Society.

Staiger B. 2002. Die Flechtenfamilie Graphidaceae. Studien in Richtung einer natiirlicheren

Gliederung. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 85. 526 p.

MY COTAXON

January-March 2018— Volume 133, pp. 201-207

https://doi.org/10.5248/133.201

First record of Morchella pulchella from Pakistan

H. BADSHAH’, B. ALI’, S.A. SHAH’,

M.M. ALAM’, H.I. Ary’, A.S. MumtTaz'*

"Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University,

Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan

? Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences,

Texas A&M Health Science Center, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: asmumtaz@qau.edu.pk

ABSTRACT—A species of true morel (Morchella) was collected in the Malam Jabba valley

in the Swat District of Pakistan in April 2015. The specimen was identified by sequencing

portions of RNA polymerase IJ largest subunit (RPB1), second largest subunit (RPB2), and

translation elongation factor-la (TEF1). Phylogenetic analysis of the partial TEF1 sequence

indicated the collection was M. pulchella, previously reported from China, Turkey, and

Europe. Our report extends its distribution range to Pakistan.

Key worps—Ascomycota, edible fungi, Morchellaceae, phylogeny, systematics

Introduction

Malam Jabba is located in northern Pakistan between the Himalayan and

Hindukush foothills in the Swat district of the Malakand Division in Khyber

Pakhtunkhwa Province (KP). The area, with elevations ranging from 990 m at

the valley entrance to 2880 m at the highest peak of Shagar Sar, is a mycologically

rich region. In Pakistan, Morchella species fruit during spring at lower altitudes,

but as late as July at higher elevations in snowfall regions (Hamayun & al. 2006,

Badshah & al. 2015). True morels (Morchella spp.) belong to Morchellaceae

Rchb. (Pezizales, Ascomycota) and are amongst the most highly valued edible

fungi due to their excellent flavor and relatively short fruiting season (Taskin &

al. 2016). A high diversity of Morchella species has been described from various

continents and regions, including Pakistan (Hamayun & al. 2006).

202 ... Badshah & al.

In recent years, a series of multilocus molecular phylogenetic studies

of Morchella were performed employing phylogenetic species recognition

based on genealogical concordance (GCPSR, sensu Taylor & al. 2000). These

studies revealed considerable continental endemism and provincialism

within the genus (O’Donnell & al. 2011; Du & al. 2012a,b; Richard & al.

2015; Loizides & al. 2016; Taskin & al. 2010, 2012, 2016). This research

also highlighted the difficulties surrounding morphology-based species

identification and helped provide a robust framework for subsequent

taxonomic revisions (Clowez 2012, 2014, 2015; Kuo & al. 2012; Richard &

al. 2015; Voitk & al. 2016; Loizides & al. 2015, 2016). Multilocus molecular

phylogenetic studies have so far revealed nearly 70 Morchella spp. worldwide

(Loizides 2017).

A number of morel species—Morchella conica, M. crassipes, M. elata,

M. esculenta, M. rotunda, M. semilibera—have been previously reported

from the Kohistan and Swat regions of Pakistan based solely on morphology

(Hamayun & al. 2006). These identifications based on old taxonomical

concepts have not, however, been verified by molecular analysis. In this

paper we report Morchella pulchella as a new record from Pakistan identified

primarily using DNA sequence analysis.

Materials & methods

Specimens were collected during a field survey at Malam Jabba, District Swat,

Province Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, in April 2015 under Pinus wallichiana

near grasses. Tissues were mounted in glycerin or distilled water and examined

microscopically using a Leitz HM Lux compound microscope under 400x

magnification. The preserved specimens have been deposited in the herbarium of

Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan (ISL).

DNA extraction and PCR amplification were conducted with the Sigma-Aldrich

REDExtract-N-Amp™ Plant PCR Kit following the manufacturer’s instructions.

DNA was amplified with the following markers and primer pairs: translation

elongation factor l-a (TEF1) with EF526F & EF3AR (Rehner & Buckley 2005),

RNA polymerase II large subunit (RPB1) with gRPB1A & aRPBI1C (Matheny & al.

2002) and the RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) with 9F & 3R (Liu

& al. 1999). One uL of genomic DNA was amplified in total volumes of 20 uL in an

Eppendorf Master Cycler Gradient thermocycler following the parameters of 94°C

for 3 min, 35 cycles of 94°C for 30 s, 53°C for 30 s, 72°C for 1-2 min with a final

Fic. 1—Phylogenetic tree inferred from partial TEF1 sequences of Morchella spp., using the

Neighbor Joining method. Posterior probabilities and bootstrap values are given on each node of

the tree; the values for poorly supported nodes (bootstrap <40) are enclosed in parentheses. The

new Pakistani sequence is set in bold font.

Morchella pulchella in Pakistan ... 203

M. sp. HM056335

M. sp. JN085100

M. fekeenis JN085077

ii pa M. fekeenis JNO85074

M. fekeenis JNO85058

M. brunnea GU551397

0.88/71 MV. brunnea GU551385

M. brunnea GU551378

M. brunnea GU551377

M. pulchella KM491 180

M. septentrionalis KM491186

M. septentrionalis KM491187

0.96145

M. septentrionalis JNO84942

().93/34) M. pulchella HM056344

M. pulchella JQ321857

M. pulchella JNO85057

M. pulchella HM05634 1

(0.74/19) M. pulchella MF400857

M. pulchella JNO85068

M. sp. GU551544

M. sp. GU551381

(0.75/30)

M. sp. GU551390

M. conifericola JN085084

0.95/68 M. conifericola JNO85071

sas 0.97/62 |r MV. conifericola JNO85069

0.99/68L WY. conifericola JNO85060

204 ... Badshah & al.

extension at 72°C for 7 min. Raw sequence data were edited using BioEdit (Hall

1999), assembled with Codon Code Aligner 4.1.1, and deposited in GenBank.

Sequences were analyzed using the BLASTn analysis tool (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.

gov). Our newly generated TEF1 sequence plus 26 TEF1 sequences representing

Morchella species previously deposited in NCBI were used for the phylogenetic

analysis. DNA sequences were aligned using Muscle E multiple alignment tool

within MEGA v. 7.0 (Kumar & al. 2016). A phylogenetic tree was inferred using

the Neighbour-Joining method. Posterior probabilities were determined and the

bootstrap analysis was based on 1000 pseudo-replicates using the NJ option.

Results

BLASTn analysis using the TEF1 sequence (FIG. 1) as query matched three

GenBank sequences representing M. pulchella (KM491180: 100% identity,

636/636 bp) and an unidentified Morchella sp. (GU551381: 100% identity,

636/636 bp; GU551390: 99% identity, 635/636 bp).

Similarly, the RPB1 sequence matched three GenBank sequences representing

M. septentrionalis (KM588048 & JX173414: 100% identity, 785/785 bp) and

M. pulchella (HM056439: 100% identity, 785/785 bp).

Finally, the RPB2 sequence matched three GenBank sequences representing

M. pulchella (KM588041, 100% identity, 809/809 bp) and M. septentrionalis

(KM588048 & JX173414: 100% identity, 805/805 bp).

Taxonomy

Morchella pulchella Clowez & Franc. Petit,

Bull. Soc. Mycol. Fr. 126: 314. 2012. Fic. 2

ASCOMATA 60-70 x 52-56 mm, conical, brown. HYMENOPHORE 50 x 40

mm, slightly conical, ridged with 26 primary ridges per ascoma, ridges regular

to irregular in shape, 2-5 mm long, 3 mm broad, pitted, pits (n = 55-60) short

and elongated. Fertile area sharply attached to the stipe. Stipe hollow, white,

convex, tapered at apex and wider at base with short rays. ASCOSPORES 20.4—24 x

13-15.6 um, ellipsoid, smooth, with homogenous contents. Asc 8-spored,

cylindrical, hyaline, 200-260 x 15-20 um, length/width (Qm) ratio 1.5 um.

PARAPHYSES shorter than asci, 78-150 x 10-14 um, cylindrical, subclavate,

apices rounded, narrow, mostly subacute, rarely acute, septate, hyaline with

homogenous contents; yellow hyphal elements on sterile ridges 77-181 x

7.9-26 um.

MATERIAL EXAMINED—PAKISTAN, KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, Swat District, Malam

Jabba, 34°47’54”N 72°34’33”E, altitude 1800 m, under Pinus wallichiana A.B. Jacks.

and local grasses, 15 April 2015, coll. Hussain Badshah B10 (ISL-67968; GenBank

MF400855, MF400856, MF400857).

Morchella pulchella in Pakistan ... 205

Fic. 2—Morchella pulchella (ISL-67968)

A: ascocarp. B, D: asci with ascospores. C: paraphyses.

Discussion

The phylogenetic analysis (Fic. 1) clustered sequences from our collection

with M. pulchella, supporting the Malam Jabba specimen as a new record of

that species from Pakistan. As in previous studies (Du & al. 2012, Taskin

& al. 2012, Richard & al. 2015), our phylogenetic analysis provides no

support for the reciprocal monophyly of M. pulchella and M. septentrionalis

and emphasizes the need to investigate further the taxonomic status of M.

pulchella and M. septentrionalis.

Morchella pulchella has previously been reported only from China (Du

& al. 2012a,b), Turkey (Taskin & al. 2010), France (Clowez 2012, Richard

206 ... Badshah & al.

& al. 2015), and Spain (Alonso & al. 2016). Confirmation of M. pulchella

from an apparently undisturbed mountainous site in Pakistan suggests that

M. pulchella is unlikely to have been introduced to this region through

human activity and has an innately Eurasian distribution.

Acknowledgements

The authors are sincerely thankful to Dr. Kerry O'Donnell (NCAUR, USDA

Agricultural Research Service, Peoria, IL) and Dr. Xi-Hui Du (Chongqing Normal

University, China) for acting as presubmission reviewers and giving valuable

suggestions. We would also like to acknowledge Prof. Donald H. Pfister (Farlow

Library and Herbarium, Harvard University) for linguistic improvement and

Dr. Michael Loizides (Cyprus Mycological Association, Nicosia) and Dr. Shaun

Pennycook (Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research, Auckland, New Zealand) for

valuable suggestions on the manuscript.

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MYCOTAXON

January-March 2018—Volume 133, p. 209

https://doi.org/10.5248/133.209

Regional annotated mycobiota new to the Mycotaxon website

ABSTRACT—Mycotaxon is pleased to add to our ‘web-list’ page the following new

species distribution list under South America (Brazil): Updates on the knowledge of

arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomeromycotina) in the Atlantic Forest biome—an

example of very high species richness in the Brazilian landscape by Khadija Jobim,

Xochitl Margarito Vista, and Bruno Tomio Goto. This brings to 128 the number of free

access mycobiotas now available on the re-named Mycotaxon website:

http://www.mycotaxon.com/mycobiotas

SOUTH AMERICA

Brazil

KHADIJA JOBIM, XOCHITL MARGARITO VISTA, BRUNO TOMIO GOTO.

Updates on the knowledge of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomeromycotina)

in the Atlantic Forest biome—an example of very high species richness in the

Brazilian landscape. 17 p.

AxssTRAcT— The Atlantic Forest has historically one of the most

sampled biomes on Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) diversity in

Brazil. Due to the high number of studies published in recent decades,

the number of species records available in the literature, including

new species for science, has increased substantially. In an effort to

monitor recent advances, this paper cites additions to the AMF

richness in the Atlantic Forest and provides an updated checklist.

We verified a selection of species for this landscape, highlighting the

Atlantic Forest as the most representative Brazilian biome, as is to be

expected for a global diversity hotspot. Since the Atlantic Forest is the

Brazilian area most threatened by human impact, most particularly

forest fragmentation, this checklist underscores the importance of

developing and maintaining conservation policies for the remainder

of Brazil.