Iv ... MYCOTAXON 135(4)

MYCOTAXON

VOLUME ONE HUNDRED THIRTY-FIVE (4) — TABLE OF CONTENTS

Nomenclatural novelties.@ ty pifiCations ju... ais edie ea tle + tine wel ae vii

IVI WOR vine tease eed a Gene eg oo ba atten ey Wa Gene oT a a be el tea Gee gn OG ix

COREICON AEs ay Srey Fig eae eRe y Se as VA Sey EER Sannin Fa hay ode x

PROMIITCAGILOL Smee AN 08 AN Ea Ndi BAS Melee ah encanto a Ne al eee xi

ZOLOSHOMISSTOMPTOCCUNE exe Ne pic Sty cee okt seine Bahn Days Roti xiii

TAXONOMY & NOMENCLATURE

Anasporidesmiella gen. nov. for an atypical Sporidesmiella species

and for A. manifesta sp. nov Kal ZHANG, WEIHUA Guo,

GABRIELA HEREDIA, JOSE P. DELGADO- ZUNIGA,

Jian MA, RAFAEL FE. CASTANEDA-RUIZ

Critical revision of some myxomycetes

deposited in the Argentinian herbaria BAFC and LIL — 5

G. Moreno, A. LOpEZ-VILLALBA,

A. CASTILLO, J.R. DESCHAMPS, A. HLADKI

Varioseptispora chinensis gen. & sp. nov., V. apicalis nom. nov.,

V. hodgkissii comb. nov., and V. versiseptatis comb. nov.

ZHAO-HUAN Xu, LING Qiu, WEI-GANG KUANG, XU-GENG SHI,

X1u-GUO ZHANG, RAFAEL F, CASTANEDA-RUIZ, JIAN MA

Phaeocandelabrum pseudocallisporum sp. nov. from Brazil

D10GO CARELI DOS SANTOS & Luis FERNANDO PASCHOLATI GUSMAO

Russula rubricolor sp. nov. from Himalayan forests of Pakistan

SANA JABEEN, AROOJ NASEER, ABDUL NASIR KHALID

Mirohelminthosporium gen. nov. for an atypical Helminthosporium species

and H. matsushimae nom. nov.

Kal ZHANG, HE ZHANG, DE-WEI LI, RAFAEL F. CASTANEDA-RUIZ

Lylea obclavata sp. nov. from Lushan Mountain, China

LING Qiu, XuU-GEN SHI,WEI-GANG KUANG, Kal ZHANG,

X1u-GuO ZHANG, RAFAEL F, CASTANEDA-RUIZ, JIAN MA

Nomenclature changes in the ENTOLOMATOID FUNGI OF

WESTERN NORTH AMERICA AND ALASKA (Largent, 1994)

Davip L. LARGENT

719

729

£oD

761

709

777

785

791

OCTOBER-DECEMBER 2020... V

Quadracaea mediterranea, a new record

from Kumaun Himalaya region, India

MANISH KUMAR DUBEyY, RAM SANMUKH UPADHYaAY,

ZOYA SHAH, DHANI ARYA, RAMESH CHANDRA GUPTA 797

Corynespora sinensis sp. nov. from Jiangxi, China

ZHAO-HuAN Xu, WEI-GANG KUANG, LING QIU,

X1U-Guo ZHANG, RAFAEL F. CASTANEDA-RUIZ, JIANMa_ 803

First record of Camarops petersii from eastern Europe

EUGENE S. Popov & SERGEY V. VoLoBUEV 811

Trapelia calyciformis sp. nov. from China

MING-ZHU Dou, XIN ZHAO, ZE-FENG JIA 817

Blodgettia sinensis sp. nov. from Lushan Mountain, China

XU-GEN SHI, ZHAO-HUAN Xu, WEI-GANG KUANG,

RAFAEL F. CASTANEDA-RUiIZ, JIANMa 825

Similitrichoconis wongii gen. & sp. nov. from Ecuador

Marcos VERA, DAYNET SOSA, FREDDY MAGDAMA, ADELA QUEVEDO,

FERNANDO ESPINOZA, LIZETTE SERRANO, MIRIAN VILLAVICENCIO,

IVAN CHOEZ-GUARANDA, SIMON PEREZ-MARTINEZ,

RAFAEL F. CASTANEDA-RuiIz 829

Three new records of Porina from China

Fer YUE Liu, YA NAN Xu, MENG LI ZHU, XIN ZHAO 839

First report of Hericium cirrhatum from Pakistan

JUNAID KHAN, HASSAN SHER, SHAH HUSSAIN, ABDUL NASIR KHALID 845

Beltrania nodulosa sp. nov. from Ecuador

ADELA QUEVEDO, DAYNET SOSA, MARCOS VERA,

FERNANDO ESPINOZA, FREDDY MAGDAMA, LIZETTE SERRANO,

MIRIAN VILLAVICENCIO, RAFAEL F. CASTANEDA-RuiIz 853

Bactrodesmium chinense & B. lushanense spp. nov.

and B. novageronense newly recorded from China

Xu-GEN SHI, ZHAO-HUAN Xu, WEN-XIU SUN, JI-WEN XIA,

X1u-GUO ZHANG, RAFAEL FE. CASTANEDA-RUiIZ, JIANMaA 861

Three placodioid species of Lecanoraceae new for China

Ler LU, YU-HONG YANG, JIN-XING HE 869

Jahnoporus oreinus, a rare fungus

found in high-altitude moist temperate forests of Pakistan

JUNAID KHAN, HASSAN SHER, SHAH HUSSAIN, ABDUL NASIR KHALID 877

Four non-yellow species of Rhizocarpon new to China

XIAO ZHANG, CHUN-XIAO WANG, ZUN-TIAN ZHAO, LING Hu 885

vI ... MYCOTAXON 135(4)

Zanclospora bicolorata sp. nov. from Ecuador

MIRIAN VILLAVICENCIO, DAYNET SosA, MARCOS VERA,

FERNANDO ESPINOZA, ADELA QUEVEDO, FREDDY MAGDAMA,

LIZETTE SERRANO, SIMON PEREZ-MARTINEZ,

RAFAEL F. CASTANEDA-RuiIz 895

MycosioTa (FUNGA) NEW TO THE MYCOTAXON WEBSITE

Additions to a checklist of coprophilous fungi and other fungi recorded on

dung from Brazil: an overview of a century of research (SUMMARY)

FRANCISCO J. SIMOES CALAGA,

VANESSA BASILIO TEREZA, SOLANGE XAVIER-SANTOS 901

PUBLICATION DATE FOR VOLUME ONE HUNDRED THIRTY-FIVE (3)

MYCOTAXON for JULY-SEPTEMBER 2020 (I-XIV+ 471-718)

was issued on October 16, 2020

OCTOBER-—DECEMBER 2020...

NOMENCLATURAL NOVELTIES AND TYPIFICATIONS

PROPOSED IN MYCOTAXON 135(4)

Anasporidesmiella K. Zhang, R.F. Castafieda, Heredia & Jian Ma

[MB 832848], p. 723

Anasporidesmiella angustobasilaris (Hol.-Jech.) K. Zhang, R.F. Castaneda,

Heredia & Jian Ma

[MB 832849] p. 724

Anasporidesmiella manifesta Heredia, J. Delgado, K. Zhang,

R.F. Castaneda, & Jian Ma

[MB 832850], p. 724

Bactrodesmium chinense Z.H. Xu, Jian Ma, R.F. Castafeda & X.G. Zhang

[IF 557033], p. 862

Bactrodesmium lushanense Z.H. Xu, Jian Ma, R.F. Castafheda & X.G. Zhang

[IF 557034], p. 864

Beltrania nodulosa R.F. Castaneda, Quevedo & D. Sosa

[IF 557074], p. 855

Blodgettia sinensis Jian Ma & R.F. Castaneda

[IF 557002], p. 826

Calliderma callidermum (Romagn.) Largent

[MB 833252], p. 793

Clitopiloides (Romagn.) Largent

[MB 838125, orthographic correction], p. 793

Clitopiloides costata (Fr.) Largent

[MB 838130], p. 793

Clitopiloides cyathus (Romagn. & Gilles) Largent

[MB 838131], p. 793

Corynespora sinensis Jian Ma, X.G. Zhang & R.E. Castafieda

[MB 833230], p. 804

Fibropilus fumosifolius (Hesler) Largent

[MB 833269], p. 793

Helminthosporium matsushimae D.W. Li, K. Zhang & R.F. Castafieda

[MB 833030], p. 780

= Helminthosporium cylindrosporum Matsush. 1993, nom. illegit.

(non Sacc. 1876)

Inocephalus appressus Largent

[MB 833283], p. 794

Leptonia cyanea (Sacc.) Largent

[MB 833270], p. 794

Leptonia cyanea var. occidentalis Largent

[MB 833311], p. 794

VII

vill ... MYCOTAXON 135(4)

Lylea obclavata L. Qiu, Jian Ma, X.G. Zhang & R.E Castafieda

[MB 833081], p. 786

Mirohelminthosporium K. Zhang, D.W. Li & R.F. Castaneda

[MB 833028], p, 778

Mirohelminthosporium bigenum (Matsush.) K. Zhang, D.W. Li &

R.E Castaneda

[MB 833029], p. 780

Nolanea papillatoides (Mesi¢ & Tkaléec) Largent

[MB833314], p. 794

Nolanea undatomarginata (Me8i¢ & Tkalcec) Largent

[MB833271], p. 795

Phaeocandelabrum pseudocallisporum Careli & Gusmao

[MB 833013], p. 762

Russula rubricolor Jabeen, Naseer & Khalid

[MB 828578], p. 767

Similitrichoconis R.F. Castaheda, M. Vera & D. Sosa

[MB 833730], p. 830

Similitrichoconis wongii R.F. Castafieda, M. Vera & D. Sosa

[MB 833731], p. 833

Trapelia calyciformis Z.F. Jia

[FN570662], p. 820

Varioseptispora L. Qiu, Jian Ma, R.F. Castaneda & X.G. Zhang

[MB 833082], p. 754

Varioseptispora apicalis Z.H. Xu, Jian Ma, X.G. Zhang & R.F. Castafieda

[MB 833084], p. 755

= Helminthosporium apicale V. Rao & de Hoog 1896, nom. illegit.

(non Berk. & Broome 1861)

Varioseptispora chinensis L. Qiu, Jian Ma, R.E Castafieda & X.G. Zhang

MB 833083], p. 754

Varioseptispora hodgkissii (W.H. Ho, Yanna & K.D. Hyde) Z.H. Xu, Jian Ma,

X.G. Zhang & R.F. Castaneda

[MB 833085], p. 757

Varioseptispora versiseptatis (M.K.M. Wong, Goh & K.D. Hyde) Z.H. Xu,

Jian Ma, X.G. Zhang & R.F Castaneda

[MB 833086], p. 757

Zanclospora bicolorata R.F. Castaneda, M. Villav. & D. Sosa

[MB 833992], p. 896

OCTOBER-—DECEMBER 2020...

REVIEWERS — VOLUME ONE HUNDRED THIRTY-FIVE (4)

The Editors express their appreciation to the following individuals who have,

prior to acceptance for publication, reviewed one or more of the papers

prepared for this issue.

Ahmed M. Abdel-Azeem

N.S. Afshan

Flavia Rodrigues Barbosa

Timothy J. Baroni

Rafael FE Castaheda Ruiz

Maria Martha Dios

Patricia Oliveira Fiuza

Tine Grebenc

Shouyu Guo

Carlos Antonio Inacio

Sana Jabeen

Ze-Feng Jia

Viktor Kucera

De-Wei Li

Lei Lu

Robert Licking

Jian Ma

Li-Guo Ma

Hugo Madrid

Patrick M. McCarthy

E.H.C. McKenzie

Josiane Santana Monteiro

Lorelei L. Norvell

Soumitra Paloi

Lorenzo Pecoraro

Shaun R. Pennycook

Michael J. Richardson

Luis Quijada

Qiang Ren

Silvana Santos da Silva

Viacheslav Spirin

Steven L. Stephenson

Else C. Vellinga

Roy Watling

Ji-Wen Xia

x ... MYCOTAXON 135(4)

CORRIGENDA

MYCOTAXON 135(3)

p-689, line 4 from bottom For: Epitype: MUCL 1208, designated as “neotype” by Hennebert,

1973; isoepitype: DAOM 74697).

READ: Neotype: MUCL 1208, designated by Hennebert 1973;

isoneotype: DAOM 74697).

p-709, line 18 FOR: Type: Trichoderma laeve Pers.? [tteve-Pers-? scratched off]

varium m. [mei] ....

READ: Type: Trichoderma varium [“taevePers=’, scratched off]

m. [“mihi’, ie., Ehrenberg] ....

CORRIGENDA FOR MYCOTAXON 135(4)

Cited below are mistakes present in files submitted for PDF conversion in

the current issue but not detected by the authors until after the paper had

gone to press.

p.811, line 17 FOR: Sordiariomycetes READ: Sordariomycetes

OCTOBER-DECEMBER 2020... XI

FROM THE EDITORS

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EXAMINED section providing complete information on each collection (see below);

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We particularly stress the importance of comparing a new record with the TYPE

DESCRIPTION to emphasize the original (and accurate) species concept.

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The most important item in the presentation of a new species or infraspecies

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important vouchering data by parentheses: e.g., “.. 28 Dec 2020, J.H. Bloggs JHB12345

XII ... MYCOTAXON 135(4)

(Holotype HERB-Axxxx; isotype HERB-Zyyyyy; ex-type culture GHCCxxxxx;

GenBank XYqqqqqq, XYqqqqqr).” The clear designation of a holotype is imperative

for publishing a valid name.

MYCOTAXON 135(4) contains 23 papers by 111 authors (representing 11 countries) as

revised by 36 expert reviewers and the editors.

In the 2020 October-December Mycotaxon, authors propose 4 new genera

(Anasporidesmiella, Mirohelminthosporium, Varioseptispora from China and

Similitrichoconis from Ecuador) and 15 other taxa new to science representing

Anasporidesmiella, Bactrodesmium, Blodgettia, Corynespora, Lylea, Trapelia, and

Varioseptispora from CuiNA; Beltrania, Similitrichoconis, and Zanclospora from

EcuaDor; Inocephalus and Leptonia from the UNITED StTaTEs; Phaeocandelabrum from

BRAZIL; and Russula from PAKISTAN. We also offer 14 new combinations and/or new

names in Anasporidesmiella, Calliderma, Clitopiloides, Fibropilus, Helminthosporium,

Leptonia, Mirohelminthosporium, Nolanea, and Varioseptispora.

New species range extensions are reported for [ascomycetes] Camarops in Russia

and Quadracaea in Inv1A; [basidiomycetes] Hericium and Jahnoporus for PAKISTAN;

[lichens] Lecanora, Porina, Protoparmeliopsis, Rhizocarpon, and Rhizoplaca for CHINA;

and [myxomycetes] Arcyria, Badhamia, Cribraria, Fuligo, and Physarum for ARGENTINA.

Papers providing conclusions supported by sequence analyses include two new species

representing Russula and Trapelia and range extensions for Hericium and Jahnoporus.

MycoTaxon 135(4) also provides synoptic tables and keys to species in Corynespora,

Lylea, Trapelia, and Varioseptispora as well as some long anticipated nomenclatural

updates for Largent’s 1994 ENTOLOMATOID FUNGI OF WESTERN NORTH AMERICA AND

ALASKA. Finally, we announce one new www.mycotaxon.com mycobiota covering

coprophilous and other ‘dung’ fungi in Brazil.

FAREWELL TO 2020—This past year is almost certainly one none of us care to repeat.

While your New Zealand and Oregon editors escaped Covid-19, many authors and

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question consoled herself that perhaps a new issue arriving just after New Year 2021

instead of at the end of a battered 2020 is a Good Thing.

Best wishes and warm regards throughout our healthy new year!

Shaun R. Pennycook (Nomenclature Editor)

Lorelei L. Norvell (Editor-in-Chief)

28 December 2020

OCTOBER-DECEMBER 2020... XIII

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MY COTAXON

October-December 2020—Volume 135, pp. 719-727

https://doi.org/10.5248/135.719

Anasporidesmiella gen. nov. for an atypical Sporidesmiella species

and for A. manifesta sp. nov.

KAI ZHANG’”, WEIHUA GUO’, GABRIELA HEREDIA},

Jose P. DELGADO-ZUNIGA‘4, JIAN Ma’, RAFAEL F. CASTANEDA-RUvIZ°

' Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University,

Qingdao, 266237, China

? Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China

> Instituto de Ecologia A.C., Carretera antigua a Coatepec 351,

Congregacion El Haya, 91070 Xalapa, Veracruz, México

* Tecnologico de Estudios Superiores de Huixquilucan,

Barrio El Rio s/n, La Magdalena Chichicaspa, mpio. de Huixquilucan, Estado de México

° College of Agronomy & Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Conservation & Utilization of Fungal Resources,

Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China

° Instituto de Investigaciones Fundamentales en Agricultura Tropical (INIFAT)

Alejandro de Humboldt, Calle 1 Esq. 2, Santiago de Las Vegas, C. Habana, Cuba, C.P. 17200

*CORRESPONDENCE TO: whguo_sdu@163.com

ABsSTRACT—The authors describe and illustrate new genus, Anasporidesmiella, typified

by Sporidesmiella angustobasilaris [= A. angustobasilaris, comb. nov.], and a new species,

A. manifesta. Anasporidesmiella is characterized by macronematous mononematous

brown conidiophores frequently reduced to monoblastic determinate conidiogenous

cells and solitary cylindrical distoseptate brown conidia with truncated or rounded bases.

Anasporidesmiella manifesta is distinguished by cylindrical 7-12-distoseptate reddish-brown

conidia with rounded basal cells. Several illustrations of conidiogenous cells and conidia of

the Sporidesmiella species complement the discussion of the new genus.

KEY woRDS—asexual Ascomycota, hyphomycetes, systematics

Introduction

Kirk (1982), who established Sporidesmiella P.M. Kirk with S. claviformis

P.M. Kirk as type species, included five other species and one variety.

720 ... Zhang & al.

Fic. 1. Sporidesmiella claviformis (adapted from Kirk 1982: Fig. 1).

Conidiogenous cells and conidia.

Sporidesmiella is distinguished by macronematous mononematous septate

brown conidiophores and monoblastic terminal integrated indeterminate

conidiogenous cells with numerous enteroblastic percurrent extensions.

False sympodial elongations are occasionally observed where older

conidia remain attached while a new enteroblastic extension of the

conidiogenous cell produces a young conidium, which displaces the older

conidium laterally. Such elongations can be repetitive, causing the main

conidiophore axis to appear geniculate. Sporidesmiella (Kirk 1982) is also

characterized by conidiophores with several annellations toward the apex

(caused by the enteroblastic percurrent elongations) and basally (sub)

truncate distoseptate conidia (Fic. 1). These characters (Fics 2, 3) are

present in Sporidesmiella archidendri Jian Ma & X.G. Zhang, S. corniformis

L.G. Ma & al., S. curtiphora Carmo & al., S. guangdongensis Jian Ma,

S. jiangxiensis Jian Ma, S. jiulianshanensis Jian Ma, S. lushanensis Jian Ma,

S. machili Jian Ma & X.G. Zhang, S. nanlingensis Jian Ma & X.G. Zhang, and

Fig. 2. Sporidesmiella spp., conidiogenous cells and conidia: A. S. archidendri (Ma & al. 2012);

B. S. corniformis (Ai & al. 2019); C. S. curtiphora (Monteiro & al. 2014); D. S. guangdongensis

(Ma 2016a); E. S. jiangxiensis (Ma 2016a); F. S. jiulianshanensis (Ma 2016b).

ee Aol

Anasporidesmiella gen.& spp. no

Anasporidesmiella gen.& spp. nov. ... 723

S. rosae Jian Ma & X.G. Zhang (Ai & al. 2019, Ma 2016a,b, Ma & al. 2012, 2015,

Monteiro & al. 2014), but Sporidesmiella angustobasilaris (Holubova-Jechova

1987) differs morphologically from all other described Sporidesmiella species

in its macronematous conidiophores, which are frequently reduced to

lageniform determinate conidiogenous cells that lack percurrent extensions

and produce distoseptate conidia with attenuated or rounded dark bases.

Here we propose a new genus Anasporidesmiella, which contains

the new combination A. angustobasilaris to accommodate the atypical

Sporidesmiella species plus a species new to science, A. manifesta.

Materials & methods

Samples of litter were placed in paper and plastic bags, taken to the laboratory,

and prepared according to Castafieda-Ruiz & al. (2016). Mounts were prepared

in PVL (polyvinyl alcohol and lactic acid) and measurements were made at a

magnification of x1000. Micrographs were obtained with a Nikon Eclipse 80i

microscope equipped with bright field and Nomarski interference optics. The type

specimens are deposited in the Herbarium of Instituto de Ecologia A.C., Xalapa,

Veracruz, Mexico (XAL).

Taxonomy

Anasporidesmiella K. Zhang, R.F. Castafieda, Heredia & Jian Ma, gen. nov.

MB 832848

Differs from Sporidesmiella by its lageniform, determinate conidiogenous cells and its

distoseptate conidia with attenuate or rounded bases with dark basal scars.

TYPE SPECIES: Sporidesmiella angustobasilaris Hol.-Jech. [= Anasporidesmiella

angustobasilaris (Hol.-Jech.) K. Zhang & al.]

EryMo_ocy: Greek, ana-, meaning upwards + Latin sporidesmiella for its similarity

to the hyphomycetous genus Sporidesmiella.

CONIDIOPHORES macronematous, mononematous, unbranched, erect,

straight, cylindrical to subulate, frequently reduced to conidiogenous cells,

brown to dark brown. CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS monoblastic, integrated,

terminal, lageniform, determinate, strongly attenuating toward the

conidiogenous loci. Conidial secession schizolytic. Conrpr1a_ solitary,

acrogenous, cylindrical, long ellipsoidal to long oblong distoseptate, brown

or dark brown, smooth-walled, bases tapered and truncate or rounded with a

slightly melanized or dark basal scar.

Fic. 3. Sporidesmiella spp., conidiogenous cells and conidia: A. S. lushanensis (Ma 2016b);

B. S. machili (Ma & al. 2012); C. S. nanlingensis (Ma & al. 2015); D. S. rosae (Ma & al. 2012).

724 ... Zhang & al.

10 um

Fic. 4. Anasporidesmiella angustobasilaris (adapted from Holubova-Jechova 1987: Fig. 2.3).

Conidiophores, conidiogenous cells, and conidia.

Anasporidesmiella angustobasilaris (Hol.-Jech.) K. Zhang, R.F. Castafieda,

Heredia & Jian Ma, comb. nov. Fic. 4

MB 832849

= Sporidesmiella angustobasilaris Hol.-Jech, Ceska Mykol. 41(1): 35 (1987).

Anasporidesmiella manifesta Heredia, J. Delgado, K. Zhang, R.F. Castafieda,

& Jian Ma, sp. nov. FIGS 5, 6

MB 832850

TyPE: Mexico, Mexico State, San José Huiloteapan, Huixquilucan, 19°23’N 99°20’W, on

decaying wood of an unidentified tree, 29 October 2018, J.P. Delgado (Holotype, XAL

cb2303).

Differs from Anasporidesmiella angustobasilaris by its 7-12-distoseptate conidia with

rounded bases.

EryMo oey: Latin, manifesta-, meaning evident, clear, manifest.

Anasporidesmiella gen.& spp. nov. ... 725

Fic. 5. Anasporidesmiella manifesta (ex holotype, XAL cb2303).

Hyphae, conidiophores, conidiogenous cells, and conidia.

726 ... Zhang & al.

Fic. 6. Anasporidesmiella manifesta (ex holotype, XAL cb2303).

A. Conidia. B, C. Conidiogenous cells and conidia.

CoLontzs on the natural substrate effuse, funiculose, brown. Mycelium

mostly superficial, composed of branched, septate, smooth-walled, pale

brown to brown hyphae, 1-2 um diam. CONIDIOPHORES macronematous,

mononematous, unbranched, erect, straight, cylindrical to subulate, strongly

attenuate at the apex, 1-2-septate, mostly reduced to conidiogenous cells,

smooth-walled, brown to dark brown, 8-20 x 2-4 um. CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS

monoblastic, lageniform, strongly attenuating toward the conidiogenous loci,

Anasporidesmiella gen.& spp. nov. ... 727

integrated, terminal, determinate, smooth-walled, brown, 5-11 x 4-5 um.

Conidial secession schizolytic. Conrp1 solitary, acrogenous, cylindrical to

long oblong, rounded at the ends, 7-12-distoseptate, brown or dark brown,

smooth-walled, with a slightly melanized basal scar, 28-49 x 6-9 um.

Note: Anasporidesmiella manifesta conidia resemble those of A. angustobasilaris

in size (24-44 x 6.5-10 um) and cylindrical shape, but A. angustobasilaris

produces conidia that are 3-10-distoseptate, attenuated and truncate at the

base and rounded at the apex (Holubova-Jechova 1987). The illustrations

provided for A. angustobasilaris in the original publication do not show any

enteroblastic percurrent extension or annellate conidiogenous cells (Fie. 4),

although its protologue described the conidiogenous cells as lageniform and

“percurrently proliferating” (Holubova-Jechova 1987).

Acknowledgments

This work was financed by the National Natural Science Foundation Program

of PR China (31870016). The authors express their sincere gratitude to Dr. Josiane

S. Monteiro and Dr. De-Wei Li for their critical review of the manuscript. We

acknowledge the facilities provided by Dr. P.M. Kirk and Dr. K. Bensch through the

Index Fungorum and MycoBank websites, respectively. Dr. Lorelei Norvell’s editorial

review and Dr. Shaun Pennycook’s nomenclature review are greatly appreciated.

Literature cited

Ai CC, Xia JW, Zhang XG, Geng Y, Ma LG. 2019. Sporidesmiella corniformis sp. nov. from

China. Mycotaxon 134: 257-260. https://doi.org/10.5248/134.257

Castafieda-Ruiz RF, Heredia G, Gusmao LFP, Li DW. 2016. Fungal diversity of Central and

South America. 197-217, in: DW Li (ed.). Biology of Microfungi. Springer International

Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29137-6_9

Holubova-Jechova V. 1987. Studies on Hyphomycetes from Cuba V. Six new species of

dematiaceous hyphomycetes from Havana Province. Ceska Mykologie 41: 74-85.

Kirk PM. 1982. New or interesting microfungi VI. Sporidesmiella gen. nov. (hyphomycetes).

Transactions of the British Mycological Society 79: 479-489.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-1536(82)80040-5

Ma J. 2016a. Sporidesmiella guangdongensis and S. jiangxiensis spp. nov. on dead branches

from southern China. Sydowia 68: 113-118.

Ma J. 2016b. Sporidesmiella lushanensis and S. jiulianshanensis spp. nov. and a new record from

China. Mycotaxon 131(3): 575-581. https://doi.org/10.5248/131.575

Ma J, Zhang YD, Ma LG, Castafieda-Ruiz RF, Zhang XG. 2012. Three new species of Sporidesmiella

from southern China. Mycoscience 53: 187-193. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10267-011-0152-1

MaJ, Xia JW, Castafieda-Ruiz RF, Zhang XG. 2015. Two new species of Sporidesmiella from southern

China. Nova Hedwigia 101: 131-137. https://doi.org/10.1127/nova_hedwigia/2015/0254

Monteiro JS, Carmo LT, Fitiza PO, Ottoni BMP, Gusmao LFP, Castafieda-Ruiz RE. 2014.

New species of microfungi from Brazilian Amazon rainforests. Mycotaxon 127: 81—87.

https://doi.org/10.5248/127.81

MY COTAXON

October-December 2020—Volume 135, pp. 729-751

https://doi.org/10.5248/135.729

Critical revision of some myxomycetes

in the Argentinian herbaria BAFC and LIL - 5

G. Moreno’, A. LOpEz-VILLALBA’,

A. CASTILLO’, J.R. DESCHAMPS’, A. HLADKI?

' Dpto. Ciencias de la Vida (Botanica), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alcala,

28805 Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Espana

? Universidad de Belgrano, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias,

Federico Lacroze 1955, Cap. Fed. 1426. Buenos Aires, Argentina

> Fundacion Miguel Lillo,

Miguel Lillo 251, San Miguel de Tucumdn CP4000, Argentina

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: gabriel.moreno@uah.es

ABSTRACT—Sixty-two collections conserved in the herbaria BAFC and LIL are revised

herein. Of the 31 different myxomycete species represented, seven are new records for

Argentina. These are Arcyria affinis, Badhamia gigantospora, Cribraria purpurea, Fuligo

intermedia, Physarum carneum, Physarum javanicum, and Physarum penetrale. The LM

and SEM micrographs included illustrate the most representative characters of each

species.

Key worps—Amoebozoa, myxobiota, Myxogastria, slime moulds, taxonomy

Introduction

This paper continues the revision of the myxomycete specimens collected

mostly in Argentinian territory and deposited in the international herbaria

BAFC and LIL. Moreno & al. (2012, 2013a, b, 2015) previously published

four papers in this series. The first paper (Moreno & al. 2013a) covered 32

specimens representing 20 taxa deposited in the BAFC herbarium, which

preserves 476 myxomycete collections. Moreno & al. (2012) considered 25

specimens representing 15 species, ten of which were deposited in LIL, which

730 ... Moreno & al.

houses 550 myxomycete specimens. Moreno & al. (2013b) next identified 29

species represented by 86 specimens, 41 of which were deposited in AH

and 45 in BAFC. Most recently, Moreno & al. (2015) reported 57 specimens

representing 26 myxomycete species preserved in BAFC, BA, LIL, and AH.

Materials & methods

The material studied is preserved in the herbarium of the School of Exact and

Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina (BAFC) and the herbarium

of the Miguel Lillo Foundation, Tucuman, Argentina (LIL).

The original determination is indicated in square brackets in the SPECIMEN(s)

EXAMINED Section, and the absence of brackets indicates that the specimen had not

been determined previously. Revision labels deposited along with the specimens

indicate that Eva Garcia Carvajal reviewed a large part of the BAFC collection in

2010, and thus we also cite original determinations, revised determinations, and the

reviser’s name.

New records for Argentina are marked with an asterisk (*).

The slides mounted in Hoyer’s medium for each specimen are preserved in the

herbarium of the Universidad de Alcala, Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain (AH).

Spore measurements were made using an oil immersion objective and include

surface structures as warts and spines.

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs were obtained at the

Universidad de Alcala using a Zeiss DSM-950. For ultramicroscopic studies, one

sporocarp was placed on a 2 x 2 cm square of Whatman filter paper no. 1; the paper

was folded into a packet to prevent the loss of spores and stapled shut, after which the

packeted specimen was rehydrated in concentrated ammonium hydroxide (28-30%)

for 30 minutes, dehydrated in aqueous ethanol (70%) for 30 minutes, fixed for two

hours in pure ethylene glycol dimethyl ether (= 1,2-dimethoxymethane), immersed

in pure acetone for at least two hours, and finally critically point dried and sputtered

with gold-palladium. This technique uses very little material (a portion of a single

sporocarp or no more than a few spores).

Taxonomy

* Arcyria affinis Rostaf., Sluzowkce Monogr.: 276. 1875.

LIL 152925 contains scant material. In LIL 152952 the capillitium shows

the typical rings, half-rings, and cogs, but we also noted small warts and wider

areas on the capillitium. Spores 7-8(-9) um in diam., nearly smooth, with

some evident warts.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: ARGENTINA, TucuMAN, Chicligasta, Los Alisos National

Park, 867 m, on wood of “laurel del cerro” Ocotea porphyria (Griseb.) van der Werff,

18-V-2015, leg. P. Medina & A. Hladki 698 (LIL 152925); Tafi, el Rincon, provincial

route 325, 2300 m, 4-IV-2014, leg. C. Izarduy & A. Hladki 5034 (LIL 152952).

Myxomycetes in BAFC & LIL (Argentina) ... 731

REMARKS— lhe capillitial ornamentation of our specimens of Arcyria affinis is

similar to what was drawn by Nannenga-Bremekamp (1991). A detailed study

under SEM of the species was done by Moreno & al. (2018).

Arcyria affinis is a new record for Argentina.

Badhamia affinis Rostaf., Sluzowkce Monogr.: 143. 1874.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: ARGENTINA, BuENos AIRES, Llavallol, Santa Catalina,

Instituto Fitotécnico, 24—XII-1969, leg. J.R. Deschamps [as Physarum notabile, rev. Eva

Garcia Carvajal as Badhamia affinis] (BAFC 22242).

REMARKS—Nannenga-Bremekamp (1991) observed that Badhamia affinis

was characterized by a badhamioid capillitium with roughly parallel and

slightly anastomosed calcium carbonate threads. A SEM study of the spore

ornamentation of this species was carried out by Moreno & al. (2013a).

Badhamia affinis was cited as occurring in Argentina for the first time by

Deschamps (1976b).

Fic. 1Badhamia gigantospora (BAFC 51240):

a. Spiny spore; b. Detail of the spore ornamentation. Scale bars: a = 2 um; b = 1 um.

*Badhamia gigantospora Ukkola & Hark., Karstenia 36(1): 43. 1996. Fic. 1

BAFC 51240 consists of two boxes containing glued pieces of wood along

with a plastic envelope with abundant spores. The collection contains a

dozen sporocarps, very mature, so they had lost part of the peridium and

capillitium. Stalk cylindrical, widened at the base, pale reddish-brown, about

2 mm high. Sporotheca umbilicate at the base. Capillitium badhamioid,

formed by roughly parallel filaments, mostly broken. Spores 13-16 um in

diam., dark violaceous-brown, with remarkable spines. Under SEM the

732 ... Moreno & al.

ornamentation was confirmed as bearing approx. 1 um long spines, which

Rammeloo (1975) described as the echinate type.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: ARGENTINA, BuENOos AIRES, Chascomus, campo “La

Alameda’, on pieces of wood possibly from a member of the Palmaceae, 27-III-2002,

leg. Sannazzaro & E. Alberté [as Physarum pezizoides, rev. Eva Garcia Carvajal as

Physarum pezizoideum var. pezizoideum] (BAFC 51240).

REMARKS—The aforementioned characters place our specimen close to

Badhamia gigantospora, a species described by Ukkola & Harkonen (1996)

from material collected in Africa (Tanzania, Liberia) on the woody debris

of Cupressus lusitanica Mill. According to the protologue, the species is

characterized by large (18-22 um diam.), dark brown, and very spiny spores

(spines approx. 2 um long). Our Argentinian specimen differs in its smaller

(13-16 um diam.) spores, measurements that fit with those indicated by Lado

& al. (2017) for specimens collected in Yasuni (Ecuador) and also identified as

Badhamia gigantospora.

Badhamia gigantospora is a new record for Argentina.

Craterium leucocephalum (Pers. ex J.F. Gmel.) Ditmar,

Deutschl. Fl. Pilze 1(1): 21. 1813. Fag?

BAFC 22492 contains abundant sporocarps that are characterized by the

whitish, cylindrical columella (not always well developed in mature specimens)

and abundant, small, white, subglobose to slightly elongated capillitial nodes.

Stalk short, straw colored. Peridium very thin, simple, whitish, easily and

irregularly broken. Under SEM, the spore ornamentation consists of short

bacula (<0.5 um long), described by Rammeloo (1974) as the baculate type.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: ARGENTINA, BuENos ArreEs, Llavallol, Santa Catalina,

Instituto Fitotécnico, 25-V-1972, leg. R. Vicari [as Physarum mutabile, rev. Eva Garcia

Carvajal as P. mutabile| (BAFC 22492).

Fic. 2. Craterium leucocephalum (BAFC 22492): a. Sporocarps;

b. Detail of the columella; c. Spore. Scale bars: a = 1 mm; b = 0.5 mm; c = 2 um.

Myxomycetes in BAFC & LIL (Argentina) ... 733

REMARKS—Craterium leucocephalum could be confused with Physarum

mutabile (Rostaf.) G. Lister, which differs in its scanty capillitium nodes,

very short stalk, and spinose spores.

The macrographs of our specimen resemble those obtained by Moreno

& Oltra (2010).

Craterium leucocephalum isacosmopolitan species (Martin & Alexopoulos

1969), previously cited as occurring in Argentina by Deschamps (1976b)

and Crespo & Lugo (2003).

Fic. 3. Craterium paraguayense (LIL 152953):

a. Sporocarps; b. Sporocarps and pseudocolumella. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Craterium paraguayense (Speg.) G. Lister,

Monogr. Mycetozoa, ed. 2: 95. 1911. Fic. 3

LIL 152953 is associated with twigs and bryophytes. Peridium white-

violaceous outside, dark violet inside. Pseudocolumella cylindrical, dark

violet, with thick warts.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: ARGENTINA, SALTA, General José de San Martin, Reserva

Provincial Acambuco, 867 m, 21-V-2015, leg. P. Medina & A. Hladki 691 (LIL

152953).

REMARKS—Spegazzini (1886) described Craterium paraguayense

from Guarapi (Paraguay), where it occurred on dead leaves of Luehea

grandiflora Mart. Castillo & al. (2002), who studied the holotype, noted that

C. paraguayense can be distinguished macroscopically from other Craterium

species by the violet shades of its cylindrical sporotheca, its violaceous

blackish stalk, and 7-9 um diam. spores—all characters observed in our

collection.

734 ... Moreno & al.

Craterium paraguayense was first cited as occurring in Argentina by

Arambarri (1975).

Fic. 4. Cribraria purpurea (LIL 15294):

a. Sporocarp; b. Detail of the sporotheca. Scale bars: a = 500 um; b = 100 um.

* Cribraria purpurea Schrad., Nov. Gen. Pl: 8. 1797. Fic. 4

LIL 152954 comprises sporocarps 0.3-0.5 mm high. Sporotheca approx.

0.2 mm diam., dark violet to purple-violet, the basal half completely joining

to form a cup and the upper part broken into thick and irregular plates

linked by filaments. Stalk short, equal or slightly higher than the sporotheca,

cylindrical, blackish. Capillitium absent. Dictydine granules violet. Spores

pale violaceous, with warts.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: ARGENTINA, TucumMAN, Tafi, el Rincon, provincial route 325,

2300 m, in ravine with alders (Alnus acuminata Kunth), 4-IV-2014, leg. C. Izarduy &

A. Hladki 5038 (LIL 152954; with Physarum robustum).

REMARKS—Cribraria purpurea represents a new record for Argentina

(https://discoverlife.org). In South America, this species was reported

previously as occurring in Venezuela (Lado & al. 2008).

Diachea leucopodia (Bull.) Rostaf., Sluzowkce Monogr.: 190. 1874.

LIL 152956 is slightly sclerotized.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: ARGENTINA, SALTA, General José de San Martin,

Reserva Provincial Acambuco, 867 m, 21—V-—2015, leg. P. Medina & A. Hladki 690

(LIL 152955); TucuMAN, Tafi, las Carreras, south of the viewpoint of the Condor,

provincial route 325, 2367 m, on bark, 4-IV-2014, leg. C. Izarduy & A. Hladki 5032

(LIL 152956); el Rincén, provincial route 325, 2300 m, in ravine with alders (Alnus

acuminata), 4-IV-2014, leg. C. Izarduy & A. Hladki 5042 (LIL 153063).

REMARKS—Diachea leucopodia is a cosmopolitan species that usually produces

numerous sporocarps, typically on herbaceous plant debris (Martin &

Alexopoulos 1969).

Myxomycetes in BAFC & LIL (Argentina) ... 735

Deschamps (1976a) and Crespo & Lugo (2003) reported D. leucopodia for

Argentina.

Didymium difforme (Pers.) Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 1: 571. 1821.

The spores of LIL 153113 are 12-14 um in diam. with a paler zone and very

faint warts.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: ARGENTINA, TucuMAN, Tafi, el Rincon, provincial route 325,

26°57'40”S 65°46'34”W, 2300 m, in ravine with alders (Alnus acuminata), 4-IV-2014,

leg. C. Izarduy & A. Hladki 5043 (LIL 153113).

REMARKS—Lizarraga & al (1998), who studied Mexican specimens of

Didymium difforme under SEM, demonstrated that the warts of this species

join to form a subtle reticulum.

Deschamps (1976b) and Crespo & Lugo (2003) previously reported

D. difforme for Argentina.

Didymium nigripes (Link) Fr., Syst. Mycol. 3: 119. 1829.

BAFC 31015 comprises abundant sporocarps with blackish colored stalks

and pseudocolumellas. Peridium hyaline, with brown areolae, covered with

stellate calcium carbonate crystals. Stalk longer than the sporothecal diameter,

translucent reddish-brown without granules. Spores 9-10 um in diam., pale

violaceous-brown, verrucose with groups of warts.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: ARGENTINA, Misrones, Iguazu, ruta nac. 12, km. 20, SE

harbour Iguazu, on Psychotria myriantha Mill. Arg., leg. S. Ferrucci n° 473, det. J.E.

Wright [as Physarum aff. pusillum ex CTES, rev. Eva Garcia Carvajal as Didymium

nigripes] (BAFC 31015).

REMARKS—Deschamps (1976b) and Crespo & Lugo (2003) previously reported

Didymium nigripes for Argentina.

Didymium squamulosum (Alb. & Schwein.) Fr., Symb. Gasteromyc. 3: 19. 1818.

Most of the specimens have the typical whitish pseudocolumella but in

LIL 153177 and LIL 153176 the color of this structure varied from orange

to brown-orange. The collection BAFC 22563 contained three boxes—two

small boxes with Didymium squamulosum and a large one with Physarum

album.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: ARGENTINA, BuENos ArrREs, Llavallol, Santa Catalina,

Instituto Fitotécnico, leaf litter of Ulmus procera, 9-II-1972, leg. M. Adler [as

Physarum nutans, rev. Eva Garcia Carvajal as Didymium squamulosum with Physarum

aff. nutans] (BAFC 22563; with Physarum album); TucUMAN, Chicligasta, National

Park los Alisos, 27°17’30"S 64°51’30’W, 867 m, bay leaf, 18-V-2015, leg. P. Medina

& A. Hladki 697 (LIL 153176); Juan Bautista Alberdi, dique Escaba, 27°43’37”S

736 ... Moreno & al.

65°47'49”W, 828 m, bay leaf, 8-VI-2015, leg. P. Medina & A. Hladki 692 (LIL 153177);

Tafi, el Rincon, provincial route 325, 26°57’40”S 65°46’34”W, 2300 m, on twigs and

herbaceous debris, 4-IV—2014, leg. C. Izarduy & A. Hladki 5035 [as Physarum sp.]

(LIL 153178).

REMARKS—Didymium squamulosum is a cosmopolitan species (Martin &

Alexopoulos 1969) that fruits mainly on the debris from herbaceous plants and

the leaves of trees. Deschamps (1976b) and Crespo & Lugo (2003) previously

reported D. squamulosum for Argentina.

a. Detail of the aethalium; b. Spore. Scale bars: a = 1 mm; b = 2 um.

* Fuligo intermedia T. Macbr., N. Amer. Slime-moulds, ed. 2: 30. 1922. Fic. 5

Under SEM, the spore ornamentation of the specimen consists of short

(<0.5 um long) bacula, classified by Rammeloo (1975) as the pileate type.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: ARGENTINA, BUENOS AIRES, Ezeiza, on bark of Populus

nigra L., 12-III-1972, leg. J.R. Deschamps & G. Rovetta [as Physarum contextum, rev.

Eva Garcia Carvajal as Fuligo intermedia] (BAFC 22496).

REMARKS—Fuligo intermedia is a distinctive species. Lizarraga & al. (2015)

described it as an aethalium in which the remains of individual sporocarps

can be seen only at the apical part and having large (10-12 um diam) spores.

These characters agree with our specimen. Lizarraga & al. (2015) also noted

that the larger spore size helps distinguish FE intermedia from F. septica (with

6-9 um diam spores).

Fuligo intermedia is common in North and Central America, but BAFC

22496 is the first collection from South America, making it a new record for

both Argentina and the rest of South America (http://discoverlife.org).

Myxomycetes in BAFC & LIL (Argentina) ... 737

Hemitrichia parviverrucospora (Lizarraga, Illana & G. Moreno) G. Moreno &

Ilana, Mycotaxon 77: 187. 2001. FIG. 6

LIL 153179 exhibits perfectly the complex spore ornamentation typical of

this species. The ornamentation consists of a raised wall reticulum that forms

a wide mesh with walls sometimes divided to create smaller, independent

meshes. The reticulum “valleys” are covered with small (<0.1 um long) warts

that sometimes join in short crests, representative of the cristate reticulate

type described by Rammeloo (1974).

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: ARGENTINA, TucuMAN, Chicligasta, National Park los

Alisos, 27°17’30’S 64°51’30’W, 867 m, on wood debris, 18-V-2015, leg. P. Medina &

A. Hladki 695 (LIL 153179).

Fic. 6. Hemitrichia parviverrucospora (LIL 153179):

a. Spiny elater; b. Spore; c. Detail of the spore ornamentation.

Scale bars: a = 5 um; b = 2 um; c = 1 um.

REMARKS—Hemitrichia parviverrucospora, originally described from Mexico

as a variety of H. serpula by Lizarraga & al. (1999), was elevated to species by

Pérez-Silva & al. (2001).

Hemitrichia parviverrucospora was analyzed molecularly out by Dagamac

& al. (2017). Moreno & al. (2012; 2013b; 2015) reported the species from Salta

and Tucuman (Argentina).

Mucilago crustacea FH. Wigg., Prim. Fl. Holsat.: 112. 1780.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: ARGENTINA, BUENOS AIRES, Ezeiza, on wood of Populus

nigra var. italica Minchh., 28-IV-1972, leg. J.R. Deschamps & G. Rovetta [as Physarum

didermoides] (BAFC 22853; with Physarum didermoides).

REMARKS—Despite Mucilago crustacea being cited as cosmopolitan by Martin

& Alexopoulos (1969), it has been cited as occurring in Argentina only once

previously, by Spegazzini (1926).

738 ... Moreno & al.

Physarella oblonga (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Morgan,

J. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist. 19(1): 7. 1896.

The peridium and spikes inside the sporotheca are yellow in specimens

BAFC 22825 and BAFC 22215 (typical for P oblonga). However, in BAFC

22210, a collection obtained in a moist chamber culture, both the spikes and

the peridium are white.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: ARGENTINA, BUENOS AIRES, Ezeiza, on bark of Populus

nigra, I1V-1972, leg. J.R. Deschamps, G. Rovetta & Vicari, [as Physarella oblonga]

(BAFC 22825); Santa Catalina, Instituto Fitotécnico, in a moist chamber culture,

sector Al, 1-XI-1969, leg. L. Veltri & L. Frias [as Physarella oblonga] (BAFC

22210); Longchamps, 9-III-1969, leg. M. Adler [as Physarella oblonga] (BAFC

22215).

ReMARKS—Excellent photographs of Physarella oblonga were published

by Poulain & al. (2011). Crespo & Lugo (2003) cited P oblonga as widely

distributed in Argentina.

Physarum album (Bull.) Chevall., Fl. Gén. Env. Paris 1: 336. 1826.

BAFC 22235, which lacks any entire sporocarps, could represent either

Physarum album or Physarum javanicum; we decided to follow the original

identification (Physarum album).

BAFC 22563 consists of three boxes—two small (containing Didymium

squamulosum) and a large one with Physarum album comprising numerous

sporocarps on dry leaves. The whitish sporocarps have a lenticular sporotheca,

umbilicate base, and occasional petaloid dehiscence. Capillitium reticulate,

with few whitish and fusiform nodes. Spores 10-11 um diam., violaceous-

brown, faintly verrucose with warts in groups.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: USA, NEw York, Clyde, VIII-1889, leg. O.E Cook, on

wood debris [as Physarum nutans] (The National Fungus Collection 40, in BAFC

26539); ARGENTINA, BUENOs AIRES, Llavallol, Santa Catalina, 15-VI-1969, on

wood debris, leg. J.R. Deschamps [as Physarum nutans, rev. Eva Garcia Carvajal as

Ph. nutans] (BAFC 22235); on leaf litter of Ulmus procera, 9-II-1972, leg. M. Adler

[as Physarum nutans, rev. Eva Garcia Carvajal as Physarum aff. nutans with Didymium

squamulosum] (BAFC 22563; with Didymium squamulosum).

REMARKS—Physarum album, a cosmopolitan species (Martin & Alexopoulos

1969), was previously cited as occurring in Argentina by Crespo & Lugo (2003).

Physarum bivalve Pers., Ann. Bot. (Usteri) 15: 5. 1795. Fic. 7

BAFC 30408 and BAFC 30409 (collected in New York in 1888 and 1889)

are kept in tiny boxes with numerous perfectly conserved plasmodiocarps.

The faintly warted spores of BAFC 30408 are 9-10 um in diam.

Myxomycetes in BAFC & LIL (Argentina) ... 739

Fic. 7 Physarum bivalve (BAFC 30408):

a. Detail of the sporocarps; b. Capillitium nodes. Scale bars = 1 mm.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: USA, NEw York, V-1888, on leaves, leg. O.F. Cook 665

[as Physarum bivalve] (BPI 3754 in BAFC 30408); Jamesville, on leaves, VII-18839, leg.

O.F. Cook 298 [as Physarum bivalve] (BPI 3753 in BAFC 30409).

REMARKS—Physarum bivalve could be confused with Physarum loratum

Shuang L. Chen & al. (Chen & al. 1999), which differs in its apical and well-

developed line of dehiscence and larger (10.4-11.7 um diam.) spores.

Physarum bivalve was cited as occurring in North America by Martin &

Alexopoulos (1969).

a, b. Sporocarps and capillitium nodes. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Physarum bogoriense Racib., Hedwigia 37(1): 52. 1898. Fic. 8

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: ARGENTINA, TucuMAN, Tafi, el Potrerillo, 26°57'31”S

65°43'34”W, 2167 m, in ravine, on birch leaf, 5-IV-2014, leg. C. Izarduy & A. Hladki

5040 (LIL 153180).

REMARKS—Physarum bogoriense share microscopically similar spores and

calcareous nodes with P hongkongense Chao H. Chung. Macroscopically,

P. bogoriense sporocarps vary from plasmodiocarpous to sporangiate forms

740 ... Moreno & al.

that are not compressed laterally and bear an apical dehiscence. The peridial

dehiscence leaves a revolute, petaloid structure. In contrast, P hongkongense

plasmodiocarps are compressed laterally and the edges of the peridial

dehiscence are clean cut, neither revolute nor petaloid.

Deschamps (1976b) cited one occurrence of Physarum bogoriense for

Argentina.

Fic. 9 Physarum carneum (LIL 153181):

a. Sporocarps; b. Capillitium nodes. Scale bars = 1 mm.

* Physarum carneum G. Lister & Sturgis, J. Bot. 48: 73. 1910. FIG. 9

LIL 153181 consists of stalked sporocarps, 1-1.5 mm tall overall. Sporotheca

globose to subglobose, 0.4-0.8 mm diam. Stalk wide, cylindrical, as tall as

the sporotheca, concolorous with the peridium, sometimes with lilac shades.

Hypothallus orange-brown and membranous. Peridium simple, orange-brown

to pinkish-brown, with granules, breaking apart in an irregular and tessellated

manner. Capillitium physaroid with large white nodes, rounded to shortly

elongated, linked by hyaline filaments. Pseudocolumella absent. Spores 8.5-10

um diam., violaceous-brown, verrucose.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: ARGENTINA, TucumAN, Tafi, el Potrerillo, 26°57’31”S

65°43'34”W, 2167 m, on wood debris, 5-IV-2014, leg. C. Izarduy & A. Hladki 5044

(LIL 153181).

REMARKS—Physarum carneum has been rarely collected in North America

according to Martin & Alexopoulos (1969), and we have not found any

records from South America in the literature. Therefore, our specimen is a

new record for Argentina and South America.

Myxomycetes in BAFC & LIL (Argentina) ... 741

Physarum cinereum (Batsch) Pers., Neues Mag. Bot. 1: 89. 1794.

BAFC 22239 consists of a glass Petri dish with an evident plasmodium

track and a few sporocarps. BAFC 22871 has abundant but broken sporocarps

that retain only a few spores and scant capillitium. The remaining collections

(BAFC 22857, BAFC 22844, BAFC 22236) contain abundant and well-

developed and preserved sporocarps. These collections well illustrate the

wide variation from sporangiate to plasmodiocarpous forms and the typical

capillitium with small nodes.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: ARGENTINA, BUENOS AIRES, Lantus, over the grass,

X-1968, leg. L. del Busto, in petri dish [as Physarum cinereum] (BAFC 22239);

Llavallol, Santa Catalina, on bark of Ulmus procera in a moist chamber culture,

3-XI-1968, leg. J.E. Wright & J.R. Deschamps [as Physarum cinereum] (BAFC

22236); Instituto Fitotécnico, 21-V-1972, on twigs, leg. J.R. Deschamps, G. Rovetta &

Vicari [as Physarum cinereum] (BAFC 22844); on twigs and leaves, 21-V-1972, leg.

J.R. Deschamps & G. Rovetta [as Physarum cinereum] (BAFC 22871); Malaver, on

Poaceae, 24-III-1973, leg. A. Méndez [as Physarum cinereum] (BAFC 22857).

REMARKS—Physarum cinereum is a cosmopolitan species (Martin &

Alexopoulos 1969), cited as occurring in Argentina by Deschamps (1976b) and

Crespo & Lugo (2003).

Physarum compressum Alb. & Schwein., Consp. Fung. Lusat.: 97. 1805.

The spores of our five specimens are 10-12 um diam.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: ARGENTINA, BUENOS AIRES, Capital Federal, on dead

trunk of Melilotus officinalis, 9-VII-1940, leg. A. Burkart [as Physarum compressum,

rev. Eva Garcia Carvajal as P compressum] (BAFC 22490); Laguna Vitel, on

Palmaceae, 11-X-1968, leg. J.R. Deschamps [as Physarum compressum, rev. Eva

Garcia Carvajal as P compressum] (BAFC 22228); Llavallol, Santa Catalina, Instituto

Fitotécnico, on spathe de Palmaceae, 16-IV-1972, leg. J.R. Deschamps & G. Rovetta

[as Physarum compressum, rev. Eva Garcia Carvajal as Ph. compressum] (BAFC 22867);

Longchamps, plant debris, 10-X-1968, leg. M. Adler [as Physarum compressum]

(BAFC 22139 with Didymium bahiense); MISIONES, Iguazu, ruta nac. 12, km. 30,

SE harbour Iguazu, on bark of Nectandra saligna, in mixed forest of Aspidosperma

polyneuron, 28-X-1973, leg. J.E. Wright, J.R. Deschamps & I. del Busto [as Physarum

compressum] (BAFC 23195).

REMARKS—Our spore measurements for Physarum compressum match those

cited by Martin & Alexopoulos (1969). However, Nannenga-Bremekamp

(1991) cited larger (12-14 um diam.), while Poulain & al. (2011) reported

spores measuring 11-15 um in one collection and 9.5-11.5 um in a different

one.

Crespo & Lugo (2003) reported P compressum as frequent in Argentina.

742 ... Moreno & al.

Fic. 10 Physarum didermoides (BAFC 22839): a. Sporocarps; b. Spore.

Scale bars: a = 1 mm; b = 2 um.

Physarum didermoides (Pers.) Rostaf., Sluzowce Monogr. 97. 1874. Fic. 10

BAFC 22549 displays the typical easily breaking exoperidium and cylindric

sporocarps with a slimy, white yellowish hypothallus. Pseudocolumella

whitish and elongated. Spores 13-15 um in diam., strongly verrucose. Most

of the spores in BAFC 22602 and BAFC 22267 are collapsed, thus exhibiting

marks that give them an atypical polygonal shape.

Under SEM, the spore ornamentation consists of <0.5 um long warts

joined into short crests of 2-3-4 warts, classified by Rammeloo (1975) as the

verrucate type.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: ARGENTINA, BUENOS AIRES, Capital Federal, Saavedra

park, on bark of Morus alba, 1V-1972, leg. J.R. Deschamps & J.E. Wright [as Physarum

didermoides, rev. Eva Garcia Carvajal as P. didermoides|] (BAFC 22870); Ezeiza, leg.

Falcone [as Physarum didermoides, rev. Eva Garcia Carvajal as P didermoides cf.]

(BAFC 22549); on wood, 14-IV-1971, leg. Vinka Kohn [as Physarum didermoides]

(BAFC 22839); on bark of Populus nigra, 12-III-1972, leg. J.R. Deschamps & G.

Rovetta [as Physarum didermoides] (BAFC 22868); on trunks of Populus nigra var.

italica with Mucilago crustacea, 28-IV-1972, leg. J.R. Deschamps & G. Rovetta [as

Physarum didermoides] (BAFC 22853); Llavallol, Santa Catalina, Instituto Fitotécnico,

15-VII-1969, on bark, leg. J.R. Deschamps [as Physarum didermoides, rev. Eva

Garcia Carvajal as P didermoides] (BAFC 22227); Santa Catalina, 10-X-1969, leg.

J.R. Deschamps [as Physarum didermoides| (BAFC 22142); Santa Catalina, Instituto

Fitotécnico, 3-X-1970, leg. J.R. Deschamps, on bark [as Physarum didermoides]

(BAFC 22267); CORRIENTES, Saladas, Santa Lucia river, on bark, 15-VIII-1972, leg.

J.R. Deschamps [as Physarum didermoides| (BAFC 22602).

REMARKS—Physarum didermoides could be confused with P._ spectabile

Nann.-Bremek. & al., which differs in its succulenticolous habit (occurring

mainly on the cladodes of Opuntia Mill.), its thin exoperidium, abundant and

tiny capillitial nodes, and its polygonal spores (12-13.5 um diam.).

Myxomycetes in BAFC & LIL (Argentina) ... 743

Crespo & Lugo (2003) reported P didermoides as widely distributed in

Argentina.

Fic. 11 Physarum flavidum (BAFC 30410):

a. Sporocarps; b. Capillitium nodes; c. Spore. Scale bars: a, b = 1 mm; c = 2 um.

Physarum flavidum (Peck) Peck, Annual Rep.

New York State Mus. Nat. Hist. 31: 55. 1879. Fia. 11

BAFC 30410 contains gregarious sporocarps with a globose, yellowish

to yellowish-brown sporotheca. Peridium double, fragile, outer layer with

granules of calcium carbonate. Stalk short to very short, reddish-orange,

translucent. Capillitium with elongated white nodes. Spores 10-12 um diam,

spinulose. Under SEM, the spore ornamentation baculate with coralloid tips.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: USA, WASHINGTON D.C., on to bryophytes, leg. M.B. Waite [as

Physarum flavidum] (BAFC 30410 ex BPI 3796).

REMARKS—The Argentinian material of Physarum flavidum was collected

from similar habitat described by Martin & Alexopoulos (1969)—bryophytes

and dead wood. The species, originally described from the United States, is

widely distributed on both coasts of North America (https://discoverlife.org).

* Physarum javanicum Racib., Hedwigia 37(1): 53. 1898. Fic. 12

The best-preserved material, BAFC 22535, contains abundant sporocarps

with umbilicate sporothecas and very long grey-white stalks, (measuring more

than three times the height of the sporotheca). Peridial dehiscence irregular

to stellate. Capillitial nodes small and whitish. Spores 8-10 um diam., pale

violaceous-brown, verrucose with groups of darker warts.

LIL 693 consists of flattened sporocarps crushed and stuck to the substrate

making the umbilicate sporotheca difficult to observe; the length of the stalks

confirms the material as Physarum javanicum.

744 ... Moreno & al.

Fic. 12 Physarum javanicum (BAFC 22535):

a. Sporocarps; b. Detail of the umbilicate sporotheca; c. Whitish capillitium nodes.

Scale Bars: a= 1 mm; b, c = 0.5 mm.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: ARGENTINA, BuENOs ArREs, Llavallol, Santa Catalina,

Instituto Fitotécnico, 3-IV-1971, leg. Arguijo [as Physarum nutans, rev. Eva Garcia

Carvajal as P. nutans] (BAFC 22535); TUcUMAN, Juan Bautista Alberdi, dique Escaba,

27°43'37"S 65°47'49”W, 828 m, on leaf of “laurel del cerro” (Ocotea porphyria),

8-VI-2015, leg. P. Medina & A. Hladki 693 (LIL 153182).

REMARKS—The mature, well-developed specimens of Physarum javanicum

recall the photos in Poulain & al. (2011). According to https://discoverlife.org

Physarum javanicum was previously cited from South America only in Brazil

and French Guyana. Our report represents a new record for Argentina.

Physarum leucophaeum Symb. Gasteromyc. 3: 24. 1818.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: USA. OREGON, Benton County, Fall Creek State Fish Hatchery,

on moss covered decaying logs, 24—VIII-1962, leg. Lee Bonar, C.T. Rogerson, &

MLL. Farr [as Physarum leucophaeum and confirmed by Eva Garcia Carvajal] (BPI

3803 in BAFC 30411).

REMARKS—Physarum leucophaeum was cited as occurring in Argentina by

Crespo & Lugo (2003).

* Physarum penetrale Rex, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 43: 389. 1891. Fie. 13

LIL 153183 contains well-developed sporocarps with a long, cylindrical,

orange-brown columella, translucent under transmitted light and without

calcium carbonate. Sporotheca wide open, so most spores have been lost.

Capillitium with tiny, yellowish nodes. Spores 6.5—7.5 um diam., pale brown,

verrucose with warts in groups.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: ARGENTINA, TucuMAN, Chicligasta, National Park los

Alisos, 27°17'30"S 64°51’30”W, 867 m, on wood of Ocotea porphyria, 18-V-2015,

leg. P. Medina & A. Hladki 696 (LIL 153183; with Xylaria sp.).

REMARKS—Physarum penetrale is a new record for Argentina.

Myxomycetes in BAFC & LIL (Argentina) ... 745

Fic. 13 Physarum penetrale (LIL 153183):

a. Sporocarps and columella; b. Sporocarp, columella, and capillitium;

c. Detail of columella and capillitium. Scale bars: a, b = 1 mm; c = 100 um.

Physarum pusillum (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) G. Lister,

Monogr. Mycetozoa, ed. 2: 64. 1911. Fic. 14

BAFC 22279 contains abundant well-developed and typical sporocarps.

Sporotheca lenticular, umbilicate at the base. Stalk dark brown. Peridium

whitish with calcium carbonate granules and a pale brown base. Capillitium

with elongated and whitish nodes. Spores 10-12 um diam., verrucose with

warts in groups.

Although a second specimen (BAFC 22876) is well-developed, the

capillitium is badhamioid due to the large nodes, the spores are larger

(11-14 um diam.), and the ornamentation on the spores is fainter.

Under SEM, short (<0.5 um long) bacula were observed, the pilate type

as described by Rammeloo (1975).

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: ARGENTINA, BUENOs AIRES, Laguna Vitel, on debris of a

member of the Palmaceae, X-1969, leg. J.R. Deschamps [as Physarum pusillum, rev,

Fic. 14 Physarum pusillum (BAFC 22876):

a. Sporocarps and capillitium; b. Detail of the umbilicate sporotheca; c. Spore.

Scale bars: a = 1 mm; b = 0.5 mm; c = 2 um.

746 ... Moreno & al.

Eva Garcia Carvajal P. pusillum] (BAFC 22279); on palm decaying, 3-VHI-1968, leg.

J.R. Deschamps [as Physarum pusillum, rev. Eva Garcia Carvajal P. pusillum] (BAFC

22231); Manzanares, on spathe of Palmaceae, 1-V-1972, leg. G. Cohen [as Physarum

pusillum, rev. Eva Garcia Carvajal P. pusillum] (BAFC 22876).

REMARKS—Physarum pusillum is a cosmopolitan species (Martin &

Alexopoulos 1969). Crespo & Lugo (2003) cited it as widely distributed in

Argentina.

Physarum robustum (Lister) Nann.-Bremek.,

Proc. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch., C. 76(5):484 (1973)

LIL 153185 has stalked sporocarps; peridium membranous with granules

coming from protrusions of the capillitium nodes, which are joined in the center

of the sporotheca, forming a pseudocolumella with a variable morphology;

spores 10-12 um diam., violaceous-brown, verrucose.

LIL 153184 has abundant and whitish calcareous capillitium nodes with a

variable morphology, but a pseudocolumella is present in only a few sporocarps.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: ARGENTINA, TucuMAN, Tafi, el Rincon, provincial route

325, 26°57'40”S 65°46'34”W, 2300 m in ravine with alders (Alnus acuminata),

4-IV-2014, leg. C. Izarduy & A. Hladki 5033 (LIL 153184); 5038 (LIL 153185; with

Cribraria purpurea).

RemMARKS— The spores in both specimens of Physarum robustum are 10-12

um diam., which match those cited by Nannenga-Bremekamp (1991). Poulain

& al. (2011) reported slightly smaller (9-10.5 um diam.) spores.

Physarum robustum could be confused with P leucophaeum and

P. album. The main difference in P leucophaeum is its lower number of

calcium carbonate nodes, leading us to suspect that P robustum and

P. leucophaeum represent extreme variants of the same species.

Physarum album can be distinguished by its delicate sporocarps, lower

number of capillitial nodes, and the stellate dehiscence.

Moreno & al. (2013b) and Lado & al. (2014) previously reported

P. robustum for Argentina.

Physarum roseum Berk. & Broome, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 14: 84. 1873. Fie. 15

BAFC 26540 contains abundant, well-developed sporocarps, with a globose

sporotheca showing the typical purple color with pink shades. Capillitium

filamentous with small, purple nodes. Spores 7-8 um diam., violaceous-

brown, verrucose with warts in groups.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: USA, MARYLAND, Beltsville, on decaying logs, twigs, leaves,

etc., 7-VIII-1969, leg. & det. M.L. Farr 4062 [as Physarum roseum] (BAFC 26540).

Myxomycetes in BAFC & LIL (Argentina) ... 747

Fic. 15 Physarum roseum (BAFC 26540):

a. Sporocarps; b, c. Detail of sporocarps and capillitium. Scale bars: a = 1 mm; b, c = 0.5 mm.

REMARKS—Martin & Alexopoulos (1969) indicated that Physarum roseum

is closely related to P pulcherrimum Berk. & Ravenel., which produces violet

instead of pinkish sporocarps (see macro- and micrographs of P. pulcherrimum

in Moreno & al. (2014) for color comparison).

Our material of P roseum resembles that photographed by Poulain & al.

(2011). Martin & Alexopoulos (1969) cited P roseum as occurring in North

America.

Stemonitis smithii T. Macbr., Bull. lowa Univ. Lab. Nat. Hist. 2(4): 381. 1893.

LIL 153186 displays the characters typical of the species, including a well-

developed external mesh in the periphery of the capillitium, a cylindrical

hollow stalk, and spores 4-5 um diam., pale violaceous-brown, almost smooth

to slightly verrucose.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: ARGENTINA, TucuMAN, Chicligasta, National Park los

Alisos, 867 m, on wood of Ocotea porphyria, 18-V-2015, leg. P. Medina & A. Hladki

699 (LIL 153186).

REMARKS—Moreno & al. (2013a) carried out a SEM study of other Argentinian

specimens of Stemonitis smithii. Stemonitis smithii is rarely cited as occurring in

Argentina according to Crespo & Lugo (2003).

Trichia crateriformis G.W. Martin, Mycologia 55(1): 131. 1963. Fic. 16

= Trichia fallax var. olivacea Meyl., Bull. Soc. Vaud. Sci. Nat. 44: 300. 1908.

= Trichia decipiens var. olivacea (Meyl.) Meyl., Bull. Soc. Vaud. Sci. Nat. 55: 244. 1924.

= Trichia decipiens f. olivacea (Meyl.) Y. Yamam., Myxomyc. Biota Japan.: 237. 1998.

LIL 153187 contains five well-developed sporocarps. Capillitium formed by

elaters, 5-6 um diam., with quite long tips. Spores 10-11 um diam. with short

crests. Under SEM, the spore ornamentation is formed by <0.5 um long bacula

joined into sinuous and irregular crests.

748 ... Moreno & al.

Fic. 16 Trichia crateriformis (LIL 153187):

a. Capillitium; b. Tip of one elater; c. Spore. Scale bars: a, b = 5 um; c = 2 um.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: ARGENTINA, TucuMAN, Tafi, el Potrerillo, 2167 m, on wood

debris, 5-IV-2014, leg. C. Izarduy & A. Hladki 5041 (LIL 153187).

REMARKS—Moreno & Castillo (2013) explained the priority of the epithet

crateriformis for the species and how T. crateriformis differs from T. decipiens,

with which it is often confused.

Trichia crateriformis was cited once (as Trichia pusilla) as occurring in Tierra

del Fuego (Argentina) by Arambarri (1975); this record was later revised by

Moreno & al. (2013a) as Trichia decipiens var. olivacea.

Trichia scabra Rostaf., Sluzowce Monogr. 258. 1875. Fic. 17

LIL 153188 consists of four small pieces of wood, bearing 2-4 sporocarps

on each piece. Sporocarps sessile, golden-brown. Peridium simple, very thin,

iridescent. Capillitium orange-brown to orange-yellowish, formed by 3-4 um

diam. elaters, ending in a very short tip with a small appendage; under LM

the protruding elater spirals appeared to bear short spinules, but no spinules

were seen under SEM. Spores 12-13 tm diam., with a low walled reticulum

forming abundant meshes. SEM study, which confirmed this ornamentation,

also revealed small holes in the walls, described as the simple reticulate with

perforated muri type by Rammeloo (1974).

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: ARGENTINA, TucuMAN, Tafi, el Rincon, provincial route 325,

2300 m, on bark of Alnus acuminata, 4-IV-2014, leg. C. Izarduy & A. Hladki 5039 (LIL

153188).

RemMARKS—Trichia scabra was cited as occurring in Argentina for the first

time by Grosso (1981) and later by Lado & al. (2014), who conducted a

SEM study of the spore ornamentation, defining it as “reticulum made up of

non-pitted narrow muri,’ and the elaters “decorated with 3-4 spiny bands.”

Myxomycetes in BAFC & LIL (Argentina) ... 749

Fic. 17 Trichia scabra (LIL 153188): a—c. Sporocarps and capillitium; d, e. Capillitium;

f. Spore; g. Detail of the spore ornamentation. Scale bars: a~c = 5 mm; d-f = 2 um; g = 1 um.

In contrast, our specimen shows the reticulated spores with holes on the

walls and smooth elaters. Collections of this species from Taiwan (China)

(Liu 1982) displayed the same characters as our specimen.

Acknowledgements

We wish to express our gratitude to Mr. A. Priego and Mr. J.A. Pérez (Electron

Microscopy Service, Universidad de Alcala) for their invaluable help with the SEM.

We extend thanks to Luis Monje and Angel Pueblas (Department of Drawing and

Scientific Photography, Universidad de Alcala) for their help in the digital preparation

of the photographs, to Dr. Maria Martha Dios (Department of Biology, Universidad

Nacional de Catamarca, Argentina) and Dr. Steven L. Stephenson (University

of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA) for their revisions of the manuscript, and to

Dr. J. Rejos, curator of the AH herbarium for his assistance with the specimens

examined in the present study. We would also like to highlight the help provided by

the technicians Susana Pereira and Laura del Busto to Andrea I. Romero, the curator of

the BAFC herbarium. G. Giménez and A. Hladki would like to express their gratitude

to the Ministry of Environment in the province of Salta for the authorizations that

made collections possible.

750 ... Moreno & al.

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MY COTAXON

October-December 2020— Volume 135, pp. 753-759

https://doi.org/10.5248/135.753

Varioseptispora chinensis gen. & sp. nov., V. apicalis nom. nov.,

V. hodgkissii comb. nov., and V. versiseptatis comb. nov.

ZHAO-HUAN Xu’, LING Qiu’, WEI-GANG KUANG’, XU-GENG SHI’,

X1u-GuO ZHANG’, RAFAEL FE CASTANEDA-RUIZ?, JIAN Ma’*

"College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China

? Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests,

College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University,

Taian, Shandong, 271018, China

° Instituto de Investigaciones Fundamentales en Agricultura Tropical Alejandro de Humboldt’

(INIFAT), Académico Titular de la “Academia de Ciencias de Cuba’,

Calle 1 Esq. 2, Santiago de Las Vegas, C. Habana, Cuba, C.P. 17200

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: majian821210@163.com; jxaumj@126.com

ABSTRACT— Varioseptispora chinensis, a new genus and species, collected on decaying twigs of

unidentified plants in Hainan, China, is described and illustrated. The genus is characterized

by macronematous, unbranched, conidiophores with polytretic, integrated, terminal or

intercalary conidiogenous cells that produce solitary, acropleurogenous distoseptate and

euseptate, brown conidia. ‘The illegitimate Helminthosporium apicale V. Rao & de Hoog is

accommodated in Varioseptispora as the replacement name V. apicalis; and two Spadicoides

spp. are accommodated as the new combinations V. hodgkissii and V. versiseptatis. A synoptic

table and key to Varioseptispora species are provided.

KEY woRDS—asexual Ascomycota, hyphomycetes, saprobes, taxonomy

Introduction

While studying the saprophytic microfungi associated with plant debris

in Hainan, China, an undescribed hyphomycete was discovered that is easily

referable to Helminthosporium Link (Link 1809) and Spadicoides S. Hughes

(Hughes 1958), except that its conidia are distoseptate and euseptate. Similarly,

Helminthosporium apicale V. Rao & de Hoog, and Spadicoides hodgkissii

and S. versiseptatis also have distoseptate and euseptate conidia (Rao &

754 ... Xu & al.

de Hoog 1986, Ho & al. 2002, Wong & al. 2002). These four species are not

in accordance with the Helminthosporium and Spadicoides generic concepts;

therefore we propose a new genus and species Varioseptispora chinensis and a

replacement name and two new combinations for the Helminthosporium and

Spadicoides species.

Materials & methods

Samples of litter were placed in paper and plastic bags, taken to the laboratory, and

prepared according to Castafeda-Ruiz & al. (2016). Mounts were prepared in PVL

(polyvinyl alcohol and lactic acid) and measurements were made at a magnification

of x1000. Micrographs were obtained with a Nikon Eclipse 80i microscope equipped

with bright field and Nomarski interference optics. The type specimen was deposited in

the Herbarium of Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (HJAUP).

Taxonomy

Varioseptispora L. Qiu, Jian Ma, R.E Castafieda & X.G. Zhang, gen. nov.

MB 833082

Differs from Helminthosporium and Spadicoides by its distoseptate and euseptate conidia.

TYPE SPECIES: Varioseptispora chinensis L. Qiu & al.

EryMoLoecy: Vario- (Latin) meaning variable + septispora (Latin) referring to the

septate spores.

CONIDIOPHORES macronematous, mononematous, unbranched, erect,

cylindrical, smooth, septate, brown to dark brown, with or without enteroblastic

percurrent regenerations. CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS polytretic, integrated,

terminal or intercalary, determinate, cylindrical, with several conspicuous

pores. Conidial secession schizolytic. Conrv14 solitary, acropleurogenous, dry,

clavate, obclavate or obovoid, distoseptate and euseptate, brown to pale brown,

smooth.

Varioseptispora chinensis L. Qiu, Jian Ma, R.F. Castafieda &

X.G. Zhang, sp. nov. Fic. 1

MB 833083

Differs from Helminthosporium and Spadicoides spp. by its clavate conidia (3-)4-5

distoseptate with a basal euseptum.

Type: China, Hainan Province: Jianfengling Mountain, on decaying twigs of an

unidentified broadleaf tree, 15 April 2014, J. Ma (holotype, HHAUP M0405).

EtyMoLoey: refers to the country in which the fungus was collected.

COLONIES on natural substrate effuse, hairy dark brown. Mycelium partly

superficial, partly immersed in the substrate, composed of branched, pale

Varioseptispora chinensis gen. & sp. nov. (China) ... 755

brown, septate, smooth-walled hyphae. CoNIDIOPHORES macronematous,

mononematous, unbranched, erect, straight or slightly flexuous, cylindrical,

smooth, septate, brown to dark brown, 124-216 x 7.5-9.5 um, with 1

enteroblastic percurrent regeneration. CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS polytretic,

integrated, cylindrical, terminal, determinate, smooth, brown, 17-32.5 x

= a

Fic. 1. Varioseptispora chinensis (holotype, HJAUP M0405).

A, B. Conidiophores, conidiogenous cells, and conidia;

40um

C. Conidiogenous cells, and conidia; D, E. Conidiophores; F. Conidia.

6.5-8 um. Conidial secession schizolytic. Conrp1a solitary, acropleurogenous,

dry, straight or slightly curved, clavate, apex rounded or with conical apex

ending in a rounded papilla, base truncate, smooth-walled, reddish brown,

(3-)4—-5-distoseptate with l-euseptate near the base, 30-38 x 11.5-14 um,

3-4 um wide at the truncate base.

Varioseptispora apicalis Z.H. Xu, Jian Ma, X.G. Zhang & R.F. Castafieda, nom. nov.

MB 833084

= Helminthosporium apicale V. Rao & de Hoog, Stud. Mycol. 28:

70 (1986), nom. illeg. (non Berk. & Broome 1861).

756 ... Xu & al.

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Varioseptispora chinensis gen. & sp. nov. (China) ... 757

Varioseptispora hodgkissii (W.H. Ho, Yanna & K.D. Hyde) Z.H. Xu, Jian Ma,

X.G. Zhang & R.F. Castafieda, comb. nov.

MB 833085

= Spadicoides hodgkissii W.H. Ho, Yanna & K.D. Hyde,

Mycologia 94(2): 302 (2002), [as “hodgkissa’].

Varioseptispora versiseptatis (M.K.M. Wong, Goh & K.D. Hyde) Z.H. Xu, Jian Ma,

X.G. Zhang & R.F. Castafieda, comb. nov.

MB 833086

= Spadicoides versiseptatis M.K.M. Wong, Goh & K.D.

Hyde, Cryptog. Mycol. 23(3): 202 (2002).

Note: The characteristics of these four species are summarized in TABLE 1.

Key to Varioseptispora species

2. Conidia 9-13 x 5-8 um, 0-1-euseptate or with

both 1-euseptate below and 1-distoseptate above ................. V. hodgkissii

2. Conidia 13-14 x 5.5-6 um, 2-euseptate below

and l-distoseptate: above «0. vas stacks deo ss anes tosh borne V. versiseptatis

3. Conidia clavate, 30-38 x 11.5-14 um, (3-)4—5-distoseptate above

andl neusep tate Helo weer. spied tse lr oe twat eatin oi aog eSB uorsle V. chinensis

3. Conidia obclavate, 28-38 x 7-9 um, 1-2-euseptate above

and Sedistoséptatesbelows, :- az shcxce Us, com che Sem Re tn Me V. apicalis

Discussion

Varioseptispora is characterized by its polytretic, integrated, terminal or

intercalary conidiogenous cells on distinct, unbranched, conidiophores, and

solitary, acropleurogenous, distoseptate and euseptate conidia. It has the

same conidial ontogeny as Spadicoides and Helminthosporium, but conidia

in Spadicoides are unicellular or multicellular, euseptate conidia (Hughes

1958, Ellis 1971, Sinclair & al. 1985, Goh & Hyde 1996, Seifert & al. 2011),

conidia in Helminthosporium are distoseptate, and the conidiophores are

with small pores at the apex and laterally beneath the septa (Link 1809,

Shoemaker 1959, Ellis 1961, 1971, Siboe & al. 1999, Seifert & al. 2011). In

several studies, conidial septation (eu- and distoseptate) has been used as

the fundamental criterion for generic circumscription, thus providing a

narrow generic concept, which can help avoid confusion and complexity in

a number of hyphomycete genera (Subramanian 1992, Wu & Zhuang 2005,

Seifert & al. 2011, Ma & al. 2016).

758 ... Xu & al.

Varioseptispora has _ polytretic conidiogenesis and __ solitary

conidia similar to several other genera including Exosporium Link,

Dendrographium Massee, Polytretophora Mercado, Weufia Bhat & B.

Sutton, Porosubramaniania Hol.-Jech., Paliphora Sivan. & B. Sutton,

Benjpalia Subram. & Bhat, and Bharatheeya D’Souza & Bhat (Link 1809,

Massee 1892, Mercado-Sierra 1983, Bhat & Sutton 1985, Holubova-Jechova

1985, Sivanesan & Sutton 1985, Subramanian & Bhat 1987, D'Souza & Bhat

2002). However, Dendrographium differs by its conidiophores forming

synnematous conidiomata and distoseptate conidia; Bharatheeya differs

by its setiform conidiophores and distoseptate conidia; Paliphora differs

by its unicellular or multicellular, euseptate conidia; Polytretophora differs

by its curved, 1-euseptate conidia with pigmented basal cell and hyaline

apical cell. Porosubramaniania, Benjpalia, Exosporium and Weufia differ

by their conidiogenous cells with cicatrized pores and conidia with only

eusepta or distosepta.

Acknowledgments

The authors express gratitude to Dr. Josiane Santana Monteiro (Museu Paraense

Emilio Goeldi, Coordenac¢ao de Botanica, Brazil) and Dr. De- Wei Li (The Connecticut

Agricultural Experiment Station Valley Laboratory, USA) for serving as pre-

submission reviewers and to Dr. Shaun R. Pennycook for nomenclatural review and

Dr. Lorelei L. Norvell for editorial review. This project was supported by the National

Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 31970018, 31760513, 31360011), and the

Education Department of Jiangxi Province of China (No. GJJ160357).

Literature cited

Bhat DJ, Sutton BC. 1985. New and interesting hyphomycetes from Ethiopia. Transactions of the

British Mycological Society 85(1): 107-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-1536(85)80160-1

Castafieda-Ruiz RF, Heredia G, Gusmao LFP, Li DW. 2016. Fungal diversity of Central and

South America. 197-217, in: DW Li (ed.). Biology of Microfungi. Springer International

Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29137-6_9

D’Souza M, Bhat DJ. 2002. Bharatheeya, a new hyphomycete genus from India. Mycotaxon

83: 397-403.

Ellis MB. 1961. Dematiaceous hyphomycetes III. Mycological Papers 82: 1-55.

Ellis MB. 1971. Dematiaceous hyphomycetes. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew,

Surrey, England. 608 p.

Goh TK, Hyde KD. 1996. Spadicoides cordanoides sp. nov., a new dematiaceous hyphomycete

from submerged wood in Australia, with a taxonomic review of the genus. Mycologia

88(6): 1022-1031. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1996.12026745

Ho WH, Yanna, Hyde KD. 2002. Two new species of Spadicoides from Brunei and Hong Kong.

Mycologia 94(2): 302-306. https://doi.org/10.1080/15572536.2003.11833237

Holubova-Jechova V. 1985. Porosubramaniania, a new genus of lignicolous hyphomycetes.

Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences (Plant Sciences) 94(2-3): 253-257.

Varioseptispora chinensis gen. & sp. nov. (China) ... 759

Hughes SJ. 1958. Revisiones hyphomycetum aliquot cum appendice de nominibus rejiciendis.

Canadian Journal of Botany 36(6): 727-836. https://doi.org/10.1139/b58-067

Link HF. 1809. Observationes in ordines plantarum naturales. Dissertatio I. Magazin der

Gesellschaft Naturforschenden Freunde Berlin 3(1): 3-42.

Ma J, Zhang XG, Castafeda-Ruiz RE. 2016. Podosporiopsis, a new genus of synnematous

hyphomycetes from China. Mycotaxon 131(4): 773-780. https://doi.org/10.5248/131.773

Massee GE. 1892. Notes on exotic fungi in the Royal Herbarium, Kew. Grevillea 21(97): 1-6.

Mercado-Sierra A. 1983. Nuevos e interesantes hifomicetes enteroblasticos de Cuba. Acta

Botanica Cubana 16: 1-8.

Rao VG, de Hoog GS. 1986. New or critical hyphomycetes from India. Studies in Mycology

28: 1-84.

Seifert K, Morgan-Jones G, Gams W, Kendrick B. 2011. The genera of hyphomycetes.

CBS Biodiversity Series 9. 997 p.

Shoemaker RA. 1959. Nomenclature of Drechslera and Bipolaris, grass parasites

segregated from ‘Helminthosporium.’ Canadian Journal of Botany 37(5): 879-887.

https://doi.org/10.1139/b59-073

Siboe GM, Kirk PM, Cannon PF. 1999. New dematiaceous hyphomycetes from Kenyan rare

plants. Mycotaxon 73: 283-302.

Sinclair RC, Eicker A, Bhat DJ. 1985. Branching in Spadicoides. Transactions of the British

Mycological Society 85(4): 736-738. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-1536(85)80273-4

Sivanesan A, Sutton BC. 1985. Microfungi on Xanthorrhoea. Transactions of the British

Mycological Society 85(2): 239-255. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-1536(85)80186-8

Subramanian CV. 1992. A reassessment of Sporidesmium (hyphomycetes) and some related

taxa. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences (Plant Sciences) 58(4): 179-190.

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15(1-2): 41-74.

Wong MKM, Goh TK, McKenzie EHC, Hyde KD. 2002. Fungi on grasses and sedges:

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23: 195-203.

Wu WP, Zhuang WY. 2005. Sporidesmium, Endophragmiella and related genera from China.

Fungal Diversity Research Series 15. 351 p.

MY COTAXON

October-December 2020—Volume 135, pp. 761-764

https://doi.org/10.5248/135.761

Phaeocandelabrum pseudocallisporum sp. nov. from Brazil

D1I0GO CARELI DOS SANTOS! & LUIS FERNANDO PASCHOLATI GUSMAO”?

' Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro de Biociéncias,

Depto de Micologia, Av. Prof. Nelson Chaves, s/n,

Cidade Universitaria, 50670, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil

? Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Programa de Pés-graduagao em Botanica,

Av. Transnordestina s/n, Novo Horizonte, 44036-900, Feira de Santana, Brazil

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: [gusmao@uefs. br

AxBsTRACcT—Phaeocandelabrum pseudocallisporum, collected on decaying twigs in the

Brazilian Cerrado of Mato Grosso do Sul State, is described and illustrated as a new

species. The fungus is characterized by complex conidia with two brown central cells

and 4-6 secondary cells that produce 4-5 tertiary cells at the apex. This species is easily

distinguished from P. callisporum by the presence of stellate tertiary cells that produce five

radial projections.

Key worps—conidial fungi, taxonomy. tropical fungi

Introduction

Phaeocandelabrum R.F. Castafieda & al. is characterized by acrogenous

complex multi-cellular branched and irregular pyramidal, turbinate, globose,

or Y-shaped conidia produced by rhexolytic secession. The complex conidia

are composed of a central cell giving rise to secondary and tertiary cells

(Castaheda-Ruiz & al. 2009). Phaeocandelabrum comprises three species:

P. elegans (R.F. Castaneda) R.E Castafeda & al. (type), P callisporum

Gusmao & al., and P joseiturriagae R.F. Castaheda & al. During a survey

of microfungi associated with twigs from an urban fragmental Cerrado

forest in the Private Natural Heritage Reserve of the Federal University of

Mato Grosso do Sul (RPPN/UFMS), we collected an interesting specimen

described below as a new Phaeocandelabrum species.

762 ... Santos & Gusmao

Materials & methods

Samples of decaying twigs were collected and placed in paper bags. In the

laboratory, the samples were processed following Castafieda-Ruiz & al. (2016)

and regularly examined for 40 days under a Leica S8APO stereomicroscope for

reproductive structures. Slide mounts were prepared in PVL (polyvinyl alcohol,

lactic acid, and phenol) and/or in lactic acid. Microphotographs were obtained with

the Olympus BX51 microscope with Differential Interference Contrast (DIC) optics.

The type specimen is deposited in the Herbarium of Universidade Estadual de Feira

de Santana, Brazil (HUEFS).

Taxonomy

Phaeocandelabrum pseudocallisporum Careli & Gusmao, sp. nov. PLATE 1

MB 833013

Differs from Phaeocandelabrum callisporum by the presence of sickle-shaped tertiary

cells.

Type: Brazil, Mato Grosso do Sul State: Campo Grande, Private Natural Heritage

Reserve of the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (RPPN/UFMS), 20°30’S

54°36’W, on decaying twigs of unidentified plant, 24.VII.2018, coll. Santos, DC

(Holotype, HUEFS 252202).

EryMo_ocy: Greek, pseudo-, meaning false, indicating its similarity to P callisporum.

MyYceELIum superficial and immersed, hyphae branched, septate, smooth,

and pale brown. CONIDIOPHORES macronematous, mononematous, usually

unbranched, cylindrical, erect, straight, or slightly flexuous, smooth,

3-5-septate, pale brown, slightly swollen at the base, 69-88 x 5-6 um.

CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS monoblastic, terminal, integrated, cylindrical,

smooth, with 2-4 percurrent extensions, pale brown. Conidial secession

rhexolytic. Conip1A solitary, acrogenous, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid,

smooth, dry, brown, with a basal frill, 24-26 x 21-24 um; complex and

comprising i) 2 thick-walled central cells, 8-11 x 7-11 um, brown to dark

brown, apical cell globose and basal cell slightly turbinate; ii) 4-6 cylindrical

to doliiform secondary cells, 4-6 x 4-5 um, pale brown; and iii) 4-5 sickle-

shaped tertiary cells, 10-11.5 x 1-1.5 um, pale brown.

Norte: Three species have been previously included in Phaeocandelabrum.

The most similar to P. pseudocallisporum is P. callisporum, which also presents

complex conidia, with two central cells and more or less doliiform secondary

and tertiary cells. However, in P. callisporum the conidia are pale brown with

stellate tertiary cells characterized by 5 radial projections (Castaneda-Ruiz

& al. 2009). Phaeocandelabrum pseudocallisporum is easily distinguished

from the other species of Phaeocandelabrum by the brown, thick-walled

Phaeocandelabrum pseudocallisporum sp. nov. (Brazil) ... 763

Fic. 1. Phaeocandelabrum pseudocallisporum (holotype, HUEFS 252202): A. Conidiophore

with conidia (general aspect); B. Conidia; C. Sickle-like tertiary cells (detail); D. Secondary cell

with five tertiary cells (top view). Scale bars: A, B = 20 um; C, D= 5 um.

conidia, with two central cells, and 4—6 secondary cells which originate 4-5

tertiary cells sickle-shaped at the apex. For a reliable taxonomic decision, the

type material of P callisporum (HUEFS56701) was analyzed. There are no

molecular data on Phaeocandelabrum spp. to date.

Acknowledgments

We are indebted to Dr. Hugo Madrid and Dr. Rafael F. Castaneda Ruiz for critical

review of the manuscript. The authors thank the Programa de Pés-graduacao em

764 ... Santos & Gusmao

Biologia de Fungos (PPGBF/UFPE), the Fundacao de Amparo a Ciéncia e Tecnologia

de Pernambuco (FACEPE) (Proc.PBPG-0115-2.03/18) and CAPES. LFPG is grateful

to the Nacional Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)

(Proc. 312984/2018-9).

Literature cited

Castafieda-Ruiz RF, Gusmao LFP, Cruz ACR, Heredia G, Iturriaga T, Guarro J, Saikawa M, Stadler

M, Minter D. 2009. Phaeocandelabrum, a new genus of anamorphic fungi to accommodate

Sopagraha elegans and two new species, Ph. callisporum and Ph. joseiturriagae. Mycotaxon 109:

221-232. https://doi.org/10.5248/109.221

Castafieda-Ruiz RF, Heredia G, Gusmao LFP, Li DW. 2016. Fungal diversity of Central and South

America. 197-217, in: DW Li (ed.). Biology of microfungi. New York, Springer International

Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29137-6_9

MY COTAXON

October-December 2020— Volume 135, pp. 765-776

https://doi.org/10.5248/135.765

Russula rubricolor sp. nov. from Himalayan forests

of Pakistan

SANA JABEEN”?, AROOJ NASEER?, ABDUL NASIR KHALID?

‘Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education,

Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan

*Centre for Undergraduate Studies, University of the Punjab,

Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan

° Department of Botany, University of the Punjab,

Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan

“CORRESPONDENCE TO: sanajabeenue@gmail.com; sanajabeen@ue.edu.pk

ABSTRACT—A new species, Russula rubricolor, was collected in the Himalayan forests of

Pakistan. This species is morphologically characterized by the yellowish hymenium, bright

red pileus that is convex to flat with central depression and finally infundibuliform and striate

towards margin, becoming blackish red with age. The newly reported species is placed in

Russula subsect. Maculatinae based molecular phylogenetic analysis of ITS sequence data

and supported by the red pileus color.

Key worps—Cedrus, phylogeny, Quercus, Russulaceae, taxonomy

Introduction

The monophyletic genus Russula Pers. (Russulaceae) is the largest genus in

Russulales (Singer 1986, Buyck & Horak 1999, Buyck & al. 2008, Li & al. 2015,

Ghosh & al. 2016). Resupinate, discoid, effused-reflexed, clavarioid, pileate, or

gasteroid basidiomata can be found in this order (Miller & al. 2006, Kirk &

al. 2008, Wang & al. 2009, Li & al. 2018). Russula is one of the most species-

rich agaric genera in Russulales, making species recognition often difficult. The

genus is generally easily distinguished from its sister genera Lactarius Pers.

and Lactifluus (Pers.) Roussel in the field by absence of latex and under the

microscope by presence of complex agglomerated sphaerocytes and absence

766 ... Jabeen, Naseer, Khalid

of pseudocystidia or lactiferous hyphae (Verbeken 1996). Russula subsect.

Maculatinae (Konrad &Joss.) Romagn. is characterized by the yellow spore

print, acrid taste of the flesh, and non-incrusted pileocystidia with contents

that turn grey in sulphovanillin (Adam¢ik & Jancovicova 2012).

Russula is globally distributed and occurs across a wide range of habitats

from the tropics to polar ecosystems (Miller & Buyck 2002, Park & al. 2013,

Lee & al. 2017). The genus plays an important role in forest ecosystems as its

members are ectomycorrhizal symbionts with a wide range of trees including

angiosperms and gymnosperms (Richardson 1970; Bills & al. 1986; Villeneuve

& al. 1989; Claridge & May 1994; Buyck & al. 1996; Gardes & Bruns 1996;

Ahmad & al. 1997; Niazi & al. 2006; Niazi 2008; Razaq & al. 2014; Jabeen & al.

2015, 2016, 2017a,b; Saba & Khalid 2015.

Fungal forays to the Abbottabad and Swat districts were conducted during

2014-16 to inventory the macrofungi of the area. One Russula species stood

out as different and is introduced here as a new species, based on a detailed

morphological description and comparison of its ITS sequences with those

available in GenBank.

Materials & methods

Specimens were photographed in field, air dried, described and deposited in

the Herbarium, Department of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan

(LAH). Color codes were given following Munsell soil color charts (Munsell 1975).

Potassium hydroxide (KOH 5% aq. w/v) was used to rehydrate dried tissues. Congo

red (1% aq. w/v) was used as mounting medium to visualize hyphal walls and contents

in microscopic studies. Melzer’s reagent and sulphovanillin were used for chemical

tests. For scanning electron microscopy, tissue from the hymenium was mounted on

a metal stub using double sided adhesive tape and covered with a fine layer of gold in

a JEOL ion sputter JFC-1100 and then examined using a JEOL JSM-6360 Scanning

Electron Microscope at 20 kV. The notation “basidiospores (n/m/p)” indicate that

measurements were made from n basidiospores of m basidiomata and p collections.

The ornamentation is excluded. Q =1 x w ratio; definitions of spore Q values follow

Bas (1969).

Genomic DNA was obtained from dried basidiomata using the CTAB procedure

(Gardes & Bruns 1993). The primer pair ITSIF (Gardes & Bruns 1993) and ITS4

(White & al. 1990) was used to amplify the ITS region. PCR was performed in a

total volume of 25 ul containing 2.5 ul of PCR reaction buffer, 0.6 ul of dNTP mix

(2.5 mM), 1 ul of each primer (10 uM), 0.2 ul of Taq polymerase, and 0.5 ul of DNA

template beginning with a 4 min initial denaturation at 94°C, followed by 34 cycles of

denaturation at 94°C for 40s, annealing at 52°C for 60s, at 72°C for 80s, and by a final

extension at 72°C for 8 min. The PCR amplicons were purified using Exonuclease I

and Shrimp Alkaline Phosphatase enzymes (Werle & al. 1994).

Russula rubricolor sp. nov. (Pakistan) ... 767

Purified PCR products were sequenced by the Beijing Genomic Institute PR. in

China using the same ITS1F & ITS4 primers. DNA sequences were trimmed, edited,

and assembled using Sequencher® 5.41 software. Closely related BLAST-search

sequences and published sequences (Adam¢ik & al. 2016, 2019; Li & al. 2018) were

downloaded from GenBank and UNITE to reconstruct the phylogeny. The sequences

selected were derived from types (preferred), representatives of same species, and

others with complete ITS regions. Environmental sequences closely related to

the Pakistani specimens were also included in the final ITS dataset to determine

distribution. Ambiguously aligned sequences were excluded after preliminary

analysis. Sequences were aligned using MUSCLE v3.6 (Edgar 2004). DNA sequences

generated for this study were deposited in GenBank under accession numbers

MK142795-MK142798.

A maximum likelihood tree was inferred using Kimura 2-parameter model

(K2+G) (Kimura 1980) by best DNA model selection in MEGA 6 (Tamura & al.

2013). A discrete Gamma distribution was used to model evolutionary rate differences

among sites [5 categories (+G, parameter = 0.4241)]. The percentage of trees in which

the associated taxa clustered together is shown next to the branches. The tree is

drawn to scale, with branch lengths measured in the number of substitutions per site.

The analysis involved a selection of 121 nucleotide sequences. Russula sardonia Fr.

(KT933999) and R. emetica (Schaeff.) Pers. (JQ888196) were selected as outgroup taxa

from Russula core clade while others represent Russula crown clade (Adam¢ik & al.

2019). There were a total of 725 positions in the final dataset. One thousand bootstrap

iterations were performed with rapid bootstrapping in MEGA 6 for phylogenetic tree

construction (Tamura & al. 2013).

Phylogenetic results

BLAST search of the consensus sequence from LAH35070 at NCBI database

revealed a 97% identity among LAH35070 and unidentified Russula sequences

KM576560 from UK and KU914610-KU924613 from China with 100% query

cover. It also showed 97% identity with a Russula sp. (AF418639) sequence

from ectomycorrhizal root tips from Germany, indicating that the sequence

from collection LAH35070 (haplotype) separated from all currently available

sequences in public databases.

In the phylogram generated by ML analysis of the ITS sequences (Fic. 1),

the Russula rubricolor sequences clustered in a clade with MG719932 and

MG719933 from R. heilongjiangensis G.J. Li & R.L. Zhao from China and

an unidentified Russula sp. (KM57656 from China; KU914610-KU924613

from Germany; and AF418639 from United Kingdom). A species complex

comprising R. globispora (J. Blum) Bon and R. dryadicola R. Fellner & Landa

is sister to the R. rubricolor/R. heilongjiangensis clade. Sequences from the

Pakistani collections formed a separate clade with strong bootstrap support of

768 ... Jabeen, Naseer, Khalid

70 ; KF225492 Russula sp. China

KF225494 Russula sp. China

KF225495 Russula sp. China

92) MK811397 Russula sp. China

KX441111 Russula sp. China

KX379149 Uncultured Russula Canada

KF225493 Russula sp. China

KP226186 Russula globispora China

KX441136 Russula sp. China

JF908710 Russula dryadicola*

MK105655 Russula mattiroloana Poland

MK105656 Russula mattiroloana Poland

MK105654 Russula mattiroloana Poland

KU928145 Russula globispora Sweden

KU928141 Russula dryadicola Italy

KU928146 Russula globispora Finland

MK105653 Russula mattiroloana Greece

~ MK105661 Russula mediterraneensis Italy

MG687348 Russula globispora*

4 7 KU928144 Russula globispora Germany

KU886594 Russula globispora Germany

KU886595 Russula globispora Sweden

NR_153232 Russula subrubescens USA

KX441194 Russula sp. China

KX441034 Russula sp. China

AF418639 Russula sp.*

KM576560 Russula sp. Hungary

KU924613 Russula sp, France

100

MK105662 Russula mediterraneensis ltaly

MK105659 Russula mediterraneensis Greece

MK105658 Russula mediterraneensis Greece

80» MG386702 Russula abbottabadensis Pakistan

MG386705 Russula abbottabadensis Pakistan

> MG719932 Russula heilongjiangensis China

—~ MG719933 Russula heilongjiangensis China

MN130110 Russula sp. South Korea

MF 101372 Uncultured Russulaceae Korea

MK142795 Russula rubricolor Pakistan

100 | MK142797 Russula rubricolor Pakistan

MK142796 Russula rubricolor Pakistan

MK142798 Russula rubricolor Pakistan

UDB013265 Russula sp, Papua New Guinea

KU886598 Russula mansehraensis Pakistan

KR082870 Russula maculata China

68 - KX441192 Russula sp. China

KX441179 Russula sp. China

JN129407 Russula sp. China

KU928159 Russula nympharum France

KU928157 Russula nympharum France

0Q422015 Russula cf. maculata*

KU928156 Russula maculata Germany

KU928151 Russula maculata Estonia

KU928150 Russula maculata Slovakia

UDB016077 Russula maculata Estonia

UDB002498 Russula maculata Denmark

KU886597 Russula maculata Denmark

KU928154 Russula maculata Germany

UDB002497 Russula maculata Denmark

KU928152 Russula maculata Germany

100} MK105630 Russula candida Germany

MK105631 Russula candida Spain

MN130060 Russula sp. South Korea

r_Kuss6set Russula cuprea Sweden

KU886592 Russula cuprea Germany

KU928148 Russula juniperina Germany

KU928149 Russula juniperina*

KU886596 Russula juniperina Spain

UDB011303 Russula font-queri Estonia

KU949378 Russula font-queri*

UDB011314 Russula font-queri Estonia

100 | UDBO11116 Russula aurantioflammans Finland

KU928167 Russula aurantioflammans*

UDB015060 Russula aurantioflammans Sweden

100 | KY693660 Russula puellula Spain

AY061710 Russula puellula*

100 ; UDB015987 Russula nitida Estonia

UDB011221 Russula nitida Estonia

$4) MN130082 Russula sp. Mexico

MN130083 Russula sp. Mexico

84 - UDB002543 Russula xerampelina Sweden

821"! JQ888204 Russula xerampelina Scotland

KU205278 Russula xerampelina Sweden

MN130095 Russula sp. Mexico

MN130094 Russula sp. Mexico

MN130101 Russula sp. Mexico

MN130093 Russula sp. Mexico

KU928140 Russula decipiens Slovakia

KU928139 Russula decipiens Germany

— KU928138 Russula decipiens Spain

100 | UDB011056 Russula vinososordida Finland

UDB011097 Russula vinososordida Denmark

98 96

100

j KY509511 Russula subtilis USA

KY509512 Russula subtilis USA

100) KY509504 Russula subtilis USA

KY509508 Russula subtilis USA

KT933992 Russula decolorans Germany

UDB001643 Russula vinosa UK

UDB011204 Russula vinosa Estonia

UDB000902 Russula vinosa Sweden

100 ) KU928137 Russula badia France

"KU928169 Russula badia*

KU928165 Russula veternosa Belgium

KU928166 Russula veternosa Slovakia

KU928164 Russula veternosa Slovakia

100 -~ KU928142 Russula firmula Germany

KU886593 Russula firmula Poland

100 } KU886599 Russula rubra Germany

KU928161 Russula rubra Sweden

KU928162 Russula rutila Slovakia

KU886600 Russula rutila Slovakia

KU928163 Russula rutila Germany

KT933999 Russula sardonia Germany

JQ888196 Russula emetica Scotland

100_—

0.02

Fic. 1. Molecular analysis of Russula rubricolor based on ITS

jvoB01 5997 Russula intermedia Estonia

KU928147 Russula intermedia Norway

IN130078 Russula castanopsidis Korea

100 Ml

Hor MN130099 Russula purpureogracilis Thailand

MN130100 Russula purpureogracilis Thailand

100 MN130108 Russula seperina Slovakia

100 ) MN130097 Russula olivaceohimalayensis India

MN130098 Russula olivaceohimalayensis India

] Outgroup

sequences. The evolutionary history

was inferred by the Maximum likelihood. The sequences generated during this study are shown

with bold text. Red represents the sequence from type collection. Scale bar indicates the number

of nucleotide substitutions per site. Asterisk (*) represents unspecified sampling area. Green dot

represents R. globispora complex and red dot represents R. subsect. Maculatinae.

Russula rubricolor sp. nov. (Pakistan) ... 769

its independent position in R. subsect. Maculatinae. The clades recovered in the

phylogenetic analysis correspond to those in Adam¢ik & al. (2016, 2019) and

Li & al. (2018).

Taxonomy

Russula rubricolor Jabeen, Naseer & Khalid, sp. nov. Fics 2-4

MB 828578

Differs from Russula heilongjiangensis by its larger pileus and larger basidiospores with

isolated to fused warts.

Type: Pakistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Hazara division Abbottabad district,

Shimla Hill, 1500 m a.s.l., on soil under Cedrus deodara (Roxb. ex D. Don) G. Don, 21

Aug, 2014, Sana Jabeen & Abdul Nasir Khalid SJ105 (Holotype LAH35071; GenBank

MK142796).

ErymMo.oey: The specific epithet rubricolor refers to red color of the pileus.

PitEus 5-8.2 cm broad, convex to plane, infundibuliform in age, centre

depressed; surface dry, smooth; margin striate, incurved; yellowish red (7YR

3.6/6) when young, becoming bright red (3.7YR 1.6/4.8) to blackish red (2.5YR

0.9/1.8) when mature. LAMELLAE 0.2-0.3 cm broad, adnexed, light yellow (6.5Y

5.8/3.2), subdistant to close, regular, entire; lamellulae absent. STIPE 4.2-6 cm

long, 1.5-2 cm diam., central, cylindrical, slightly broader towards the base,

white (8.8GY 8.9/0.7), smooth to finely wrinkled, fibrillose. ODoR acrid. TasTE

not observed. SPORE PRINT not obtained.

BASIDIOSPORES [100/5/3] (9.7—)10.5-10.7(-11.5) x (6.7-)7.6-8.6(-9)

um, Q = (1.1-)1.2-1.3(-1.6), avQ = 1.2, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid

(rarely ellipsoid), hyaline to pale yellow in 5% KOH; ornamentation amyloid,

composed of prominent warts (0.3-0.6 um high) that are isolated to fused in

long chains; apiculus prominent. Basip1a (38.3-)41.4-43.1(-44.6) x (10.1-)

12.6-14.7(-16.5) um, clavate to subclavate, tetrasterigmate, contents present.

CHEILOCYSTIDIA (44—)54.6-90.2(-131.3) x (10.2-)13.4-18.3(-22.5) pum,

fusiform, bear dense crystalline contents, hyaline in KOH, pink in Congo red,

grey in sulphovanillin. PLEUROCyYSTIDIA (89.4-)91.4-106.7(-110.2) x (9.8-)

11.6-13.2(-14.7) um, narrowly fusiform, hyaline in KOH, pinkin Congo red, grey

in sulphovanillin. PILEIPELLIS 80.8 um thick trichoderm; hyphae (2-)2.1-2.3

(-2.6) um wide, branched, septate. PILEOCysTIDIA (2.3—)2.4-2.7(-2.8) um

wide, single-celled, clavate to cylindrical, with rounded apex, non-incrusted,

hyaline in 5% KOH, grey in sulphovanillin; dense at the center becoming

sparse towards the margin. STIPITIPELLIS a cutis; hyphae (1.3-)1.6-2.4(-3.2)

um wide, filamentous, branched, septate, hyaline in 5% KOH.

770 ... Jabeen, Naseer, Khalid

Fic. 2. Russula rubricolor. A. LAH35071 (holotype); B. LAH35248. Scale bars = 1 cm.

Russula rubricolor sp. nov. (Pakistan) ... 771

Fic. 3. Russula rubricolor (holotype, LAH35071). A. Basidiospores from different angles; B. Basidia;

C. Cheilocystidia; D. Pleurocystidia; E. Pileocystidia in pileipellis; F. Stipitipellis. (A in Melzer’s

reagent; B—D in Congo red; E, F in KOH). Scale bars = 10 um.

772 ... Jabeen, Naseer, Khalid

CRL WoOP

Fic. 4. Russula rubricolor (LAH35248). Basidiospores (SEM).

Russula rubricolor sp. nov. (Pakistan) ... 773

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: PAKISTAN. KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, Malakand

division, Swat district, Mashkun, 2500 m a.s.l, on soil under Cedrus deodara, 6 August

2014, Sana Jabeen & Abdul Nasir Khalid SJ106 (LAH35070; GenBank MK142795);

Toa, 2800 m a.s.l, on soil under Quercus sp., 15 July 2015, Arooj Naseer & Abdul Nasir

Khalid, ASTB47 (LAH35248; GenBank MK142797, MK142798).

HABITAT & DISTRIBUTION—Himalayan moist Pinaceae-dominated forests

(including Pinus roxburghii, P. wallichiana, and few Cedrus deodara) and dry

oak-dominated temperate forests (including Quercus oblongata). Currently

known only from Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province.

Discussion

Species in Russula subsect. Maculatinae are characterized by the

combination ofa red pileus and pileocystidia turning greyish in sulphovanillin

(Romagnesi 1967, 1985). The newly described R. rubricolor is distinguished

primarily by its yellowish hymenium, convex to infundibuliform, yellowish

red to bright red or blackish red pileus that is striate towards the edge

and which becomes blackish red with age. It is also characterized by large

broadly ellipsoid basidiospores covered with isolated to fused warts. Both

morphological and phylogenetic analyses confirm the independence and

position of R. rubricolor in R. subsect. Maculatinae (Fic. 1), as defined by

Adam¢ik & al. (2016, 2019).

Russula rubricolor clusters in a clade with some unidentified Russula species

and three closely related species that comprise the R. globispora complex.

Russula dryadicola (described from central European alpine habitats) differs

from R. rubricolor by its yellow and purple pileus lacking bright red tinges

and its medium-sized (4-6 cm) pileus (Sarnari 1998), while the European

R. globispora is distinguished by its variously colored pilei and longer

(41-53 um) basidia (Sarnari 1998, Adamcik & Jancovicova 2013). Russula

heilongjiangensis from northeastern China differs from R. rubricolor in its

smaller (2.8-5.2 cm) pileus (Li & al. 2018).

Another Pakistani species, Russula abbottabadensis Saba & Adam¢cik, was

described from the same habitat as R. rubricolor. Macroscopically similar to

R. rubricolor, R. abbottabadensis can be separated by its smooth (not

striate) pileal margins, larger (9.9-10.6 x 7.6-8.3 + 3-6 um ornamentation)

basidiospores, and 1-2-celled pileocystidia (Cabon & al. 2019). Russula

abbottabadensis also clustered in the Russula crown clade, but very distant

from R. rubricolor-

Russula sharmae K. Das & al., an Indian taxon described based solely

on morphological features, can be separated from R. rubricolor by its viscid

77A< ... Jabeen, Naseer, Khalid

to glutinous pileus with a strongly sulcate margin, lamellae that fork near

the pileus edge, smaller (6.8-7.9 x 6.0-7.0 um + 1 um ornamentation)

basidiospores, and fusiform to subclavate pleurocystidia with rounded apices

(Das & al. 2013).

Acknowledgements

Financial support to Dr. Sana Jabeen was provided by Higher Education

Commission (HEC)-Pakistan under Indigenous PhD Fellowships for 5000

Scholars, (Phase-II). Sincere thanks to Dr. Tine Grebenc (Department of Forest

Physiology and Genetics, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia) and

Dr. Soumitra Plaoi (Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory,

Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata-700019, West Bengal, India)

for presubmission review. Thanks are also due to Dr. Else C. Vellinga (University of

California, Berkeley, California, USA) for critical review and helpful suggestions to

improve the manuscript.

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MY COTAXON

October-December 2020— Volume 135, pp. 777-783

https://doi.org/10.5248/135.777

Mirohelminthosporium gen. nov. for an atypical

Helminthosporium species and H. matsushimae nom. nov.

KAI ZHANG’, HE ZHANG?, DE-WEI LI?*+, RAFAEL F. CASTANEDA-RvuIz>*

' Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University,

Jinan, Shandong 250100, China

? Department of Landscaping, Shandong Yingcai University,

Jinan, Shandong 250104, China

° The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, Valley Laboratory,

153 Cook Hill Road, Windsor, CT 06095, USA

*Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China,

Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China

° Instituto de Investigaciones Fundamentales en Agricultura Tropical Alejandro de Humboldt

(INIFAT), Calle 1 Esq. 2, Santiago de Las Vegas, C. Habana, Cuba, C.P. 17200

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: rfcastanedaruiz@gmail.com

AsstTRAct—Mirohelminthosporium is proposed as a new genus for Helminthosporium

bigenum, characterized by polytretic and blastic conidial ontogeny on the apical conidiogenous

cells. A replacement name, Helminthosporium matsushimae, is proposed for the illegitimate

later homonym H. cylindrosporum Matsush.

KEY worps—asexual Ascomycota, Helminthosporium dimorphosporum, hyphomycetes,

systematics

Introduction

Helminthosporium Link typified by H. velutinum Link is characterized

by macronematous unbranched erect conidiophores (Link 1809). The

conidiogenous cells are polytretic, integrated, terminal and intercalary, and

determinate, with the conidiogenous loci at the apex and laterally below the

septa. The conidia are solitary, obclavate to cylindrical-obclavate, distoseptate,

778 ... Zhang & al.

sometimes rostrate, smooth, subhyaline, olivaceous, brown, and usually

with an evident dark brown or brown basal scar. The Helminthosporium

generic concept treated by Alcorn (1983, 1988), Ellis (1961, 1971), Hughes

(1958, 1980a,b), Shirouzu & Harada (2004), Voglmayr & Jaklitsch (2017), and

Zhang & Zhang (2009) clarified the morphological and molecular phylogenetic

delimitation of the genus. Additionally, several Helminthosporium species

with blastocatenate distoseptate and dictyoseptate conidia were transferred

into Ellismarsporium R.F. Castafeda & X.G. Zhang and Stanhughesiella

R.F. Castafieda & D.W. Li (Castafieda-Ruiz & al. 2017).

Helminthosporium bigenum has an unusual combination of holoblastic

euseptate conidia from apical conidiogenous cells and tretic (enteroblastic)

distoseptate conidia from intercalary conidiogenous cells (Matsushima 1993).

Conidial ontogeny and conidiogenous events have been considered the

fundamental criteria for asexual fungal taxonomy and generic delimitation

(Kendrick 2017, Seifert & al. 2011). Consequently, we propose the new genus

Mirohelminthosporium to accommodate the atypical Helminthosporium

species, H. bigenum. A replacement name, Helminthosporium matsushimae, is

proposed for the illegitimate later homonym H. cylindrosporum Matsush.

Taxonomy

Mirohelminthosporium K. Zhang, D.W. Li & R.E. Castafieda, gen. nov.

MB 833028

Differs from Helminthosporium by its holoblastic and primarily monoblastic conidial

ontogeny, and its production of euseptate conidia on the apical conidiogenous cells

beside or near the tretic loci.

TYPE SPECIES: Helminthosporium bigenum Matsush. [= Mirohelminthosporium bigenum

(Matsush.) K. Zhang & al.]

Erymo oey: Latin, Mirus- meaning wonderful, extraordinary, remarkable + Latin,

-helminthosporium, referring to the genus Helminthosporium.

CoLoNnizEs on CMA medium hairy, brown to dark brown. CONIDIOPHORES

macronematous, mononematous, unbranched, erect, straight, cylindrical,

septate, smooth, brown to dark brown. CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS

biontogenous, sometimes on the same cell: i) polytretic, integrated, mostly

intercalary, cylindrical, sometimes terminal with subapical tretic loci and

apical blastic loci; ii) monoblastic, integrated, terminal, sometimes with

Fic. 1. Mirohelminthosporium bigenum (Adapted from Matsushima 1993, figs 693-696;

H. bigenum holotype, MFC OP-440). A. Conidia from blastic loci. B. Conidia from tretic loci.

C. Conidiogenous cells.

Mirohelminthosporium bigenum gen. & sp. nov. (China) ... 779

¢ 'G sae te

* ¥

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Res

poet, 7 6%.

etn 1 Be eee

780 ... Zhang & al.

several tretic loci near below the blastic locus on the same cell. Conip1a

solitary, dimorphic: i) acropleurogenous, mostly pleurogenous, cylindrical,

oblong, straight or curved, rounded at the ends, melanized or obscure at

the base, distoseptate, smooth, brown to dark brown or black, dry, borne

on tretic conidiogenous loci; ii) acrogenous, solitary, cylindrical, clavate to

subclavate, attenuate, rounded or obtuse at the apex, truncate at the base,

euseptate, smooth, brown to dark brown or black, dry, borne on the apical

blastic conidiogenous loci.

Mirohelminthosporium bigenum (Matsush.) K. Zhang, D.W. Li &

R.E Castafieda, comb. nov. Fic. 1

MB 833029

= Helminthosporium bigenum Matsush., Matsush. Mycol. Mem.7: 53 (1993).

Helminthosporium matsushimae D.W. Li, K. Zhang &

R.E Castaneda, nom. nov. Fic. 2

MB 833030

= Helminthosporium cylindrosporum Matsush., Matsush. Mycol.

Mem.7: 54 (1993), nom. illeg. (non Sacc. 1876).

Notes: Index Fungorum (2019) lists 770 taxonomic names in

Helminthosporium, but many of these have been transferred to the genera

Bipolaris Shoemaker, Curvularia Boedijn, Drechslera S. Ito, Exserohilum

K.J. Leonard & Suggs, Exosporium Link, Ellismarsporium, and several other

genera.

Anisospadicoides R.F. Castaneda & al. is another genus with blastic and tretic

conidial ontogeny but in that instance, both types of conidiogenesis produce

euseptate conidia (Qiao & al. 2019).

Helminthosporium dimorphosporum Hol.-Jech. (Fic. 3), which produces

distoseptate and euseptate conidia through the same tretic loci (Holubova-

Jechova 1987), does not fit the Helminthosporium generic concept and needs

to be revised.

Acknowledgments

This work was financed by the National Natural Science Foundation Program

of PR China (31870016). The authors express their sincere gratitude to Dr. Josiane

S. Monteiro and Dr. Flavia Rodrigues Barbosa for their critical review of the

manuscript. We acknowledge the facilities provided by Dr. P.M. Kirk and Dr. K.

Bensch through the Index Fungorum and MycoBank websites. Dr. Lorelei Norvell’s

editorial review and Dr. Shaun Pennycook’s nomenclature review are greatly

appreciated.

781

Mirohelminthosporium bigenum gen. & sp. nov. (China) ...

tte

cant Nn in

OE ie ae

tied,

vie

Fic. 2. Helminthosporium matsushimae

(Adapted from Matsushima 1993, figs 239, 686; H. cylindrosporum holotype, MFC OP-658).

A. Conidia. B. Conidiogenous cells.

782 ... Zhang & al.

,20 um

Fic. 3. Helminthosporium dimorphosporum

(Adapted from Holubova-Jechova 1987, fig. 2:3, H. dimorphosporum holotype, PRM 842 738).

A. Distoseptate conidia. B. Euseptate conidia. C. Conidiogenous cells.

Mirohelminthosporium bigenum gen. & sp. nov. (China) ... 783

Literature cited

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Castafieda-Ruiz RF, Li DW, Zhang XG, Kendrick B, Ramos-Garcia B, Pérez-Martinez S,

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https://doi.org/10.5248/132.759

Ellis, M.B. 1961. Dematiaceous hyphomycetes. III. Mycological Paper 82.55 p.

Ellis MB. 1971. Dematiaceous hyphomycetes. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew,

Surrey, England. 608 p.

Holubova-Jechova V. 1987. Studies on hyphomycetes from Cuba VI. New and rare species with

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Canadian Journal of Botany 36(6): 727-836. https://doi.org/10.1139/b58-067

Hughes SJ. 1980a. Helminthosporium velutinum. Fungi Canadenses 163: 1-2.

Hughes SJ. 1980b. New Zealand Fungi 27. New species of Guedea, Hadrosporium, and

Helminthosporium. New Zealand Journal of Botany 18: 65-72.

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Gesellschaft Naturforschenden Freunde Berlin 3(1): 3-42.

Matsushima T. 1993. Matsushima Mycological Memoirs no. 7. Matsushima Fungus Collection,

Kobe, Japan.

Qiao M, Li DW, Yu ZF, Zhang K, Castafeda-Ruiz RE 2019. Spadicoides matsushimae sp.

nov., and Anisospadicoides gen. nov. for two atypical Spadicoides species. Mycotaxon 134:

161-167. https://doi.org/10.5248/134.161

Seifert K, Morgan-Jones G, Gams W, Kendrick B. 2011. The genera of hyphomycetes. CBS

Biodiversity Series 9. 997 p.

Shirouzu T, Harada Y. 2004. Notes on species of Helminthosporium and its allied genera in

Japan. Mycoscience 45: 17-23. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10267-003-0146-8

Voglmayr H, Jaklitsch WM. 2017. Corynespora, Exosporium and Helminthosporium

revisited — new species and generic reclassification. Studies in Mycology 87: 43-76.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2017.05.001

Zhang M, Zhang TY. 2009. Taxonomic studies of Helminthosporium from China 4. Six

new species and a key to Helminthosporium from China. Mycotaxon 109: 399-413.

https://doi.org/10.5248/109.399

MY COTAXON

October-December 2020— Volume 135, pp. 785-790

https://doi.org/10.5248/135.785

Lylea obclavata sp. nov. from Lushan Mountain, China

LING Qiu’, XU-GEN SHI’, WEI-GANG KUANG’, KAI ZHANG’,

X1u-GuoO ZHANG’, RAFAEL E. CASTANEDA-RUiIZ‘, JIAN Ma’*

' College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China

? Department of Landscaping, Shandong Yingcai University, Jinan, 250104, China

> Department of Plant Pathology, Shandong Agricultural University,

Taian, Shandong 271018, China

‘Instituto de Investigaciones Fundamentales en Agricultura Tropical Alejandro de Humboldt’

(INIFAT), Académico Titular de la “Academia de Ciencias de Cuba”,

Calle 1 Esq. 2, Santiago de Las Vegas, C. Habana, Cuba, C.P. 17200

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: majian821210@163.com jxaumj@126.com

ABSTRACT—A new species, Lylea obclavata, is described and illustrated from a specimen

collected on the dead branches of an unidentified plant in Lushan Mountain, China. The

fungus is distinguished by its obclavate smooth (1-)2-distoseptate conidia produced in

unbranched acropetal chains. A key and synoptic table to Lylea species are provided.

KEY worpDs—asexual fungi, hyphomycetes, conidial fungi, taxonomy

Introduction

Lylea Morgan-Jones, established by Morgan-Jones (1975) with

L. catenulata as the type species, was characterized primarily by acrogenous

catenate distoseptate conidia that secede schizolytically from monoblastic

integrated terminal determinate conidiogenous cells. Morgan-Jones (1975)

compared Lylea with several other genera including Septonema Corda,

Bispora Corda, Heteroconium Petr., Taeniolella S. Hughes, Ampullifera

Deighton, and Xylohypha (Fr.) E.W. Mason (Petrak 1949, Corda 1837,

Hughes 1958, Deighton 1960) and separated Lylea based on its distoseptate

conidia. Seifert & al. (2011) pointed out that Lylea is similar to Rhexoprolifer

Matsush., Pirozynskiella S. Hughes, and Repetoblastiella R.E. Castaneda & al.

786 ... Qiu & al.

However, Rhexoprolifer has terminal and intercalary conidiogenous cells with

euseptate conidia (Matsushima 1996), Repetoblastiella has euseptate conidia

forming several irregular chains from several indeterminate cells across the

length of the conidial body (Castafeda-Ruiz & al. 2010), and Pirozynskiella

has euseptate conidia with the centrifugal (then interseptal) septal sequence

following the first median septum (Hughes 2007).

Six species have been described within Lylea: L. catenulata Morgan-

Jones, L. ficus J.W. Xia & X.G. Zhang, L. indica K.G. Karand. & S.K. Singh,

L. palmicola Mercado & al., L. rhopalostylidis McKenzie, and L. tetracoila

(Corda) Hol.-Jech. (TABLE 1). These species are distinguished primarily by

conidial shape, size, septation, ornamentation, and unbranched or branched

acropetal chains. A synoptic table of the morphological characters of

Lylea species may also aid in species identification (Xia & al. 2014). Keys

to species of Lylea have been provided by Holubova-Jechova (1978) and

Mercado-Sierra & al. (1997).

During studies on saprophytic microfungi associated with plant debris

in the forest ecosystems of southern China, an interesting species with

catenate distoseptate conidia and monoblastic conidiogenous cells was

collected on dead branches of an unidentified broadleaf tree. The specimen,

which manifests the morphological characteristics typical of Lylea, differs

from other described Lylea species in conidial morphology and size and is

proposed as new to science.

Materials & methods

Samples of litter were placed in paper and plastic bags, taken to the laboratory, and

prepared according to Castafieda-Ruiz & al. (2016). Mounts were prepared in PVL

(polyvinyl alcohol and lactic acid) and measurements were made at a magnification

of x1000. Micrographs were obtained with a Nikon Eclipse 80i microscope equipped

with bright field and Nomarski interference optics. The type specimen was deposited

in the Herbarium of Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China

(HJAUP).

Taxonomy

Lylea obclavata L. Qiu, Jian Ma, X.G. Zhang & R.F. Castafieda, sp. nov. Fic. 1

MB 833081

Differs from Lylea ficus by its longer and narrower obclavate conidia with (1-)2

distosepta.

Type: China, Jiangxi Province, Lushan Mountain, on dead branches of an unidentified

broadleaf tree, 8 November 2014, J. Ma (Holotype, HJAUP M0451).

Lylea obclavata sp. nov. China) ... 787

Fic. 1. Lylea obclavata (holotype, HHAUP M0451).

A-E. Conidiophores, conidiogenous cells, and conidia; F. Conidia.

EtryMo oey: refers to the obclavate conidial shape.

COLONIES on dead wood effuse, brown, hairy. Mycelium partly superficial,

partly immersed in the substratum; hyphae branched, septate, pale brown,

smooth-walled. | CONIDIOPHORES macronematous, mononematous,

unbranched, erect, cylindrical, 1-2-septate, smooth, pale brown to brown,

34-55 x 2.5-4 um. CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS monoblastic, integrated, terminal,

determinate, cylindrical, smooth, pale brown, 20-26 x 2.5-3.5 um. Conidial

secession schizolytic. CONIDIA acrogenous, in unbranched acropetal chains,

dry, straight to slightly curved, obclavate, with truncate ends, 2(rarely

1)-distoseptate, pale brown, smooth-walled, 19-39 x 3.5-5 um; 0.8-1.3 um

diam. at the truncate base, slightly melanized.

788 ... Qiu & al.

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Lylea obclavata sp. nov. China) ... 789

Discussion

Within Lylea, L. obclavata is most similar to L. ficus in having

predominately 2-distoseptate conidia, but L. ficus has fusiform to

cylindrical, shorter, and wider conidia (Xia & al. 2014). Lylea obclavata also

differs from the other five species (L. catenulata, L. indica, L. palmicola,

L. rhopalostylidis, and L. tetracoila) by producing obclavate conidia with

fewer distosepta. Other differences from L. obclavata are larger conidia

in branched acropetal chains in L. catenulata; wider, darker coloured

conidia in L. indica and L. rhopalostylidis, smaller conidia with smooth

to verruculose walls in L. palmicola, and predominately 3-distoseptate

conidia in occasionally branched acropetal chains in L. tetracoila (TABLE 1).

Only L. tetracoila was reported to have close associations with some

pyrenomycetous fungi.

Key to Lylea species

1, Conidia with branched acropetal.chains’, 3... .4.54 644.804 45.04 454.88 Vaso x base down Z

1. Conidia without branched acropetal chains ............... eee scene eee eee 3

2. Conidia 40-67 x 7-9 um, 4-7-distoseptate ............ 0. eee eee L. catenulata

2. Conidia 20-40 x 4—-5.5 um, predominately 3-distoseptate............. L. tetracoila

SA onidia- smoot GweMUVUlOSe Fs a Pia oa Pew alee Outen eae Huei oats L. palmicola

FH CONIA Ia STOO soos vs cose 5 new le ¥ ictage Pape deg Balad Haart Marlee Kade Hare toL Ke PEK 4

4, Conidia predominantly 2-distoseptate ....... 0... cece eee eee eee eens 5

4. Conidia- predoriinarttl y-23 2d 1StOSe Prater tors Meo cecer 6 seer 40h pare Sb phere Wd hae acs yeh a 6

5. Conidia fusiform to cylindrical, 14-24.5 x 5.5-7 um... 0. eee L. ficus

5 konidia- obGlavate,V9~39: XSi oa Split, deena. sslacra caer eae eR oh ey co A A L. obclavata

6. Conidia cylindrical to fusiform,

10=35:5-X5 5-115 wim, 3=7-distoseptate .. esc. es fe eed Pee ce ne we os L. indica

6. Conidia cylindrical or obclavate,

30-45 x 5.5-9 um, 4-6-distoseptate ........... 00... eee eee L. rhopalostylidis

Acknowledgments

The authors express gratitude to Dr. Josiane Santana Monteiro (Museu Paraense

Emilio Goeldi, Coordenagao de Botanica, Brazil) and Dr. Silvana Santos da Silva

(Departamento de Ciéncias Bioldgicas, Laboratorio de Micologia, Universidade

Estadual de Feira de Santana, Brazil) for serving as pre-submission reviewers and to

Dr. Shaun Pennycook for nomenclatural review and Dr. Lorelei Norvell for editorial

review. This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of

China (Nos. 31970018, 31360011, 31870016) and the Education Department of

Jiangxi Province of China (No. GJJ160357).

790 ... Qiu & al.

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Karandikar KG, Singh SK. 2010. Lylea indica: a new hyphomycete species from India. Mycotaxon

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Matsushima T. 1996. Matsushima Mycological Memoirs 9. Published by the author, Kobe, Japan.

McKenzie EHC. 2009. A new species of Lylea (hyphomycetes) on Rhopalostylis (Arecaceae) in

New Zealand. Mycotaxon 109: 39-42. https://doi.org/10.5248/109.39

Mercado-Sierra A, Figueras MJ, Gené J. 1997. New or rare hyphomycetes from Cuba VIII.

Species of Lylea, Phaeoisaria, Arxiella, Graphium, Periconia and Ramichloridium. Mycotaxon

63: 369-376.

Morgan-Jones G. 1975. Notes on hyphomycetes. VIII. Lylea, a new genus. Mycotaxon 3:

129-132.

Petrak F. 1949. Neue hyphomyzeten-Gattungen aus Ekuador. Sydowia 3(1-6): 259-266.

Seifert K, Morgan-Jones G, Gams W, Kendrick B. 2011. The genera of hyphomycetes. CBS

Biodiversity Series 9. 997 p.

Xia JW, Ma YR, Zhang XG. 2014. New species of Corynesporopsis and Lylea from China. Sydowia

66(2): 241-248. http://dx.doi.org/10.12905/0380.sydowia66(2)2014-0241

MY COTAXON

October-December 2020— Volume 135, pp. 791-796

https://doi.org/10.5248/135.791

Nomenclature changes in the

“Entolomatoid fungi of western North America and Alaska”

(Largent 1994)

Davip L. LARGENT

Department of Biological Sciences, Humboldt State University,

Arcata, CA 95521

CORRESPONDENCE TO: mrp@humboldtl.com

ABSTRACT— Nomenclatural omissions and orthographic errors in my 1994 monograph are

corrected. The three genera Calliderma, Clitopiloides, and Fibropilus were validly published

in 1994 as stat. nov. based on infrageneric names, and their extraterritorial basionym type

species are proposed here as Ca. callidermum comb. nov., Cl. cyathus comb. nov., and F.

fumosifolius comb. nov. Names originally proposed as provisional are validated as Leptonia

cyanea comb. nov., L. cyanea var. occidentalis var. nov., and Inocephalus appressus sp. nov.

Nolanea names that were illegitimate later homonyms are proposed as N. undatomarginata

comb. nov. and N. papillatoides comb. nov., based on published replacement names. The

published validation of the invalid 1994 name “Leptonia violacea” is indicated, and seven

orthographic epithet corrections are listed

Key worps—Entolomataceae, taxonomy, classification

Introduction

In my publication on the entolomatoid fungi (Largent 1994), some errors

in nomenclature and in typing were brought to my attention by several recent

correspondences from Scott Redhead, Robert Fogel, Shaun Pennycook, Lorelei

Norvell, Steve Trudell, and Buck McAdoo. ‘The necessity of resolving these

errors finally became apparent to me.

The nomenclatural omissions and orthographic errors rectified here involve

six genera: Calliderma, Clitopiloides, Fibropilus, Inocephalus, Leptonia, Nolanea,

and Trichopilus.

792 ... Largent

The multigeneric approach in the classification of the Entolomataceae is

utilized in this paper as it was in Largent (1994) for the following reasons:

a) the basionym for nearly every genus in the 1994 book is identical to the

infrageneric basionyms in Romagnesi & Gilles (1979), Noordeloos (1992,

2004), or Noordeloos & Gates (2012); b) some exceptional agaricologists, such

as C.H. Peck (1895), P.D. Orton (1991), and T.J. Baroni (2017) have recognized

multigenera within the entolomatoid fungi; c) visually it is not difficult in

the field to recognize the morphological groups that are represented by valid

generic names; d) many, but not all, of these entolomatoid multigenera have a

phylogenetic basis (Karstedt & al. 2019).

Materials and methods

Herbarium Codes were determined after consulting the Index Herbariorum

web page (http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih); the correct code is listed between

parentheses and the incorrect code as found in Largent (1994) is listed with the

code crossed out between quotation marks. The codes for the following herbaria

may have errors: New York Botanic Garden Steere Herbarium (NY) “N¥BG’,

Humboldt State University Fungal Herbarium (HSC) “HS”, San Francisco State

H.D. Thiers Herbarium (SFSU) “SFS€”, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State

University (VPI) "¥PISG", and the University of Washington in Seattle (WTU)

“WASH”.

After 2002, all collection numbers designated as either DLL, dll, or (rarely)

L in Largent (1994) have been conserved in the New York Botanic Garden Steere

Herbarium (NY).

Taxonomy

Basionym types not transferred to new genera

The three genera Calliderma, Clitopiloides, and Fibropilus were validly

published in 1994 as stat. nov. based on infrageneric names; their basionym

type species were extraterritorial (in the context of the 1994 monograph) and

were therefore not recombined in the new genera. The valid publication of

the genera is presented again here together with new combinations of their

type species.

Calliderma (Romagn.) Largent, Entolomatoid fungi of the western United States and

Alaska: 31 (1994).

IF 27566

= Rhodophyllus section Calliderma Romagn., Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn., Lyon 43: 329 (1974).

Type: Rhodophyllus callidermus Romagn. [= Entoloma callidermum (Romagn.) Noordel.

& Co-David; = Calliderma callidermum (Romagn.) Largent].

Corrigenda for North American entolomatoids ... 793

Calliderma callidermum (Romagn.) Largent, comb. nov.

MB 833252

= Rhodophyllus callidermus Romagn., Bull. Jard. bot. Etat Brux. 26: 171 (1956).

= Entoloma callidermum (Romagn.) Noordel. & Co-David, in Co-

David, Langeveld & Noordeloos, Persoonia 23: 165 (2009).

Clitopiloides (Romagn.) Largent [as “Clitopiloidea”], Entolomatoid fungi of the

western United States and Alaska: 30 (1994).

MB 838125

= Rhodophyllus sect. Clitopiloides Romagn., Fondem. Taxinom.

Rhodophylle: 55. (1978) [= Beih. Nova Hedwigia 59: 71. (1979)]

Type: Rhodophyllus cyathus Romagn. & Gilles [= Entoloma cyathus (Romagn. & Gilles)

Noordel. & Co-David; = Clitopiloides cyathus (Romagn. & Gilles) Largent].

Clitopiloides costata (Fr.) Largent, comb. nov.

MB 838130

= Agaricus pascuus 6 costatus Fr., Syst. Mycol. 1: 206 (1821)

= Entoloma costatum (Fr.) P. Kumm., Fuhr. Pilzk.: 98 (1871).

Clitopiloides cyathus (Romagn. & Gilles) Largent, comb. nov.

MB 838131

= Rhodophyllus cyathus Romagn. & Gilles, Beih. Nova Hedwigia 59: 617 (1979).

= Entoloma cyathus (Romagn. & Gilles.) Noordel. & Co-David, Persoonia 23: 167 (2009).

Comments: Although Clitopiloides was validly published in Largent (1994), the

protologue contained several correctable errors: (1) the name “Clitopiloidea”

required correction to Clitopiloides, to correspond with Romagnesi’s basionym

epithet (the two orthographies are synonymous but have different derivations);

(2) the basionym reference was ambiguous, because the Romagnesi (1978)

preprint extract from Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia 59 was independently

paginated, and p. 55 of the extract equates with p. 71 of the full volume

(Romagnesi & Gilles 1979); (3) the generic type was erroneously stated to be

“Entoloma costatum” (an error introduced by Noordeloos 1992: 212), whereas

the correct type remains that designated for the basionym by Romagnesi (1978).

Fibropilus (Noordel.) Largent, Entolomatoid fungi of the western United States and

Alaska: 32 (1994)

IF 27588

= Entoloma subgenus Fibropilus Noordel., Entoloma in North

America Cryptogamic Studies 2: 12 (1988).

Type: = Entoloma fumosifolium Hesler [= Fibropilus fumosifolius (Hesler) Largent]

Fibropilus fumosifolius (Hesler) Largent, comb. nov.

MB 833269

= Entoloma fumosifolium Hesler, Beih. Nova Hedwigia 23: 132 (1967).

794. ... Largent

Nomenclatural novelties

Inocephalus appressus Largent, sp. nov.

MB 833283

“Inocephalus appressus” Largent, Entolomatoid fungi of the western United

States and Alaska: 400 (1994), nom. inval. [ICN (Shenzhen) Art. 40.7].

Type: USA, Washington State, Pierce County, Longmire Campground, scattered to

gregarious in needle humus alongside a stream, 10 October 1966, DLL 1830 (Holotype,

NY).

EryMoLocy—from Latin appressus meaning closely flattened down (= adpressed/

appressed fibrillose pileus surface.

DESCRIPTION & ILLUSTRATIONS: Largent (1994: 400; Figs. p. 401; Plate p. 484).

Leptonia cyanea (Sacc.) Largent, comb. nov.

MB 833270

= Agaricus cyaneus Peck, Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci. 1(2):

49. 1873, nom. illegit. [non Bull. 1784].

= Entoloma cyaneum Sacc., Syll. Fung. 5: 692. 1887.

“Leptonia cyanea” Mazzer, in Largent, Biblioth. Mycol. 55: 66.

1977, nom. inval. [ICN (Shenzhen) Art. 36.1(a)].

COMMENTS: Agaricus cyaneus Peck was published in 1873 as a valid, but

illegitimate later homonym of A. cyaneus Bull. It was transferred to Entoloma

by Saccardo as E. cyaneum nom. nov., and consequently, Entoloma cyaneum

(Murrill) Hesler 1967 is an illegitimate later homonym. Following ICN

(Shenzhen) Art. 11.4, the earliest available legitimate name for this species,

Entoloma cyaneum Sacc., must be used as the basis of the correct name.

Leptonia cyanea var. occidentalis Largent, var. nov.

MB 833311

“Leptonia cyanea var. occidentalis” Mazzer, in Largent, Biblioth. Mycol.

55: 68. 1977, nom. inval. [ICN (Shenzhen) Art. 36.1(a)].

Type: USA, California State, Humboldt County, Big Hill Road east from Hoopa, scattered

on conifer logs and rotting wood, October 26, 1990, DLL 9018 (Holotype, NY).

EryMoLocy—From the Latin occidentalis meaning west, western.

DESCRIPTION & ILLUSTRATIONS: Largent (1994: 36-37; Figs. p. 37; Plate p. 469).

Nolanea papillatoides (Mesi¢ & Tkaléec) Largent, comb. nov.

MB 833314

= Nolanea pseudopapillata Largent, Entolomatoid fungi of the western United

States and Alaska: 243 (1994), nom. illegit. [non Pegler1983].

= Entoloma papillatoides Mesi¢c & Tkaléec, in MeSi¢, Tkaléec,

Kugan & Mato¢ec, Phytotaxa 289(3): 298 (2016).

Corrigenda for North American entolomatoids ... 795

Nolanea undatomarginata (Mesi¢ & Tkaléec) Largent, comb. nov.

MB 833271

= Nolanea undulata Largent, Entolomatoid fungi of the western United

States and Alaska: 232 (1994), nom. illegit [non Velen. 1921].

= Entoloma undatomarginatum MeSi¢ & Tkal€éec, in Mesic, Tkaléec,

Kugan & Mato¢ec, Phytotaxa 289(3): 299 (2016).

Invalid name correction

The citation listed below should replace the invalid name listed in Largent

(1994).

Leptonia violacea (Kauffman) Largent ex Redhead,

Mushroom, The Journal of Wild Mushrooming 13(4): 31 (1995)

= Nolanea coelestina var. violacea Kauffman, Report Mich. Acad. Sci. 10: 67 (1908).

= Rhodophyllus coelestinus var. violaceus (Kauffman) A.H. Sm.,

Mushrooms in their natural habitats: 449 (1949).

= Entoloma kauffmanii Malloch, Fleshy fungi (Basidiomycota)

of the Atlantic Maritime Ecozone: 120 (2010).

“Leptonia violacea” (Kauffman) Largent, Entolomatoid fungi of the

western United States and Alaska: 46 (1994), nom. inval. [ICN

(Shenzhen) Art. 41.5, incomplete basionym reference].

Orthographic variant corrections

The citations listed below should replace those on the indicated pages in

Largent (1994). The name in quotation marks is the orthographic variant.

Calliderma indigoferum (Ellis) Largent [as “indigofera” in Entolomatoid fungi of

the western United States and Alaska: 31 (1994)].

Leptonia acutoumbonata Largent [as “acuto-umbonata” in Entolomatoid fungi of

the western United States and Alaska: 142 (1994)].

Leptonia chalybea (Pers.) P. Kumm. [as “chalybaea”] Fuhr. Pilzk.: 96 (1871) and in

Entolomatoid fungi of the western United States and Alaska: 120 (1994)].

Leptonia chalybea var. squamulosipes Largent [as “chalybaea” in Entolomatoid

fungi of the western United States and Alaska: 120 (1994)].

Leptonia roseicinnamomea Largent [as “roseicinnamonea” in both Northwest Sci.

48: 59 (1974) and Entolomatoid fungi of the western United States and Alaska:

85 (1994)].

Nolanea brunneolamellata Largent [as “brunneo-lamellata” in Entolomatoid fungi

of the western United States and Alaska: 249 (1994)].

Nolanea substrictior Largent [as “substrictia” in Entolomatoid fungi of the western

United States and Alaska: 274 (1994)].

796 ... Largent

Acknowledgments

I thank Dr. Scott Redhead, who reviewed the manuscript and supplied many of

the nomenclature comments and Dr. Roy Watling and Dr. Tim Baroni who reviewed

the manuscript. The comments by the nomenclature editor, Dr. Shaun Pennycook,

were typically extremely helpful and I thank him for the information provided in his

e-mail messages. The writing of this manuscript was supported by the Largent family

trust and we are particularly grateful for the support of Pamela Largent.

Literature cited

Baroni TJ. 2017. Mushrooms of the northeastern United States and Eastern Canada. Timber Press

Field Guide, Workman Publishing. 600 p. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1974.12019703

Karstedt FE, Capelari M, Baroni TJ, Largent DL, Bergemann SE. 2019. Phylogenetic and

morphological analyses of species of the Entolomataceae (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) with

cuboid basidiospores. Phytotaxa 391: 1-27. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.391.1.1

Largent DL. 1994. Entolomatoid fungi of the western United States and Alaska. Mad River Press

Inc: Eureka, California.

Noordeloos ME. 1992. Entoloma s.l. Fungi Europaei 5. 760 p.

Noordeloos ME. 2004. Entoloma s.1. Supplemento. Fungi Europaei 5A: 761-1377.

Noordeloos ME, Gates GM. 2012. The Entolomataceae of Tasmania. Fungal Diversity Research

Series 22. 399 p. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4679-4

Orton PD. 1991. A revised list of British species of Entoloma sensu lato. Mycologist 5(3):

123-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-915X(09)80307-8

Peck CH. 1895. New species of fungi. Bulletin of Torrey Botanical Garden 22: 198-296.

https://doi.org/10.2307/2478162

Romagnesi H. 1978. Les fondements de la taxinomie des Rhodophylles et leur classification.

(Tirage a part de “Beiheft 59 zur Nova Hedwigia’). J. Cramer, Vaduz. 79 p.

Romagnesi H, Gilles G. 1979. Les Rhodophylles des foréts cétiéres du Gabon et de la Céte

d'Ivoire avec une introduction générale sur la taxinomie du genre. Beihefte zur Nova

Hedwigia 59. 649 p.

MY COTAXON

October-December 2020— Volume 135, pp. 797-801

https://doi.org/10.5248/135.797

Quadracaea mediterranea, a new record from

Kumaun Himalaya region, India

MANISH KUMAR DuBEY»?, RAM SANMUKH UPADHYAY’,

ZOYA SHAH?, DHANI ARYA}, RAMESH CHANDRA GUPTA3

' Laboratory of Mycopathology and Microbial Technology, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany,

Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, Uttar Pradesh, India

? Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic & Applied Sciences, Galgotias University,

Greater Noida 203 201, Uttar Pradesh, India

> Department of Botany, Kumaun University,

Sobhan Singh Jeena Campus, Almora 263 601, Uttarakhand, India

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: mkmkdubey@gmail.com; manish.dubey@galgotiasuniversity.edu.in

ABSTRACT— Quadracaea mediterranea was collected during our continuing mycological

survey of saprobic conidial fungi on decaying leaf litter of Quercus floribunda from

the Ramgarh forest, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India. Detailed taxonomic information on

Q. mediterranea includes morphological description, geographical distribution,

comments, illustrations, and a comparison with allied taxa. This finding extends the

geographic distribution of the species, previously recorded only in China, Italy, and Brazil.

KEY worps—anamorphic fungi, cellotape technique, hyphomycetes, plant debris, saprobic

Introduction

Quadracaea was established by Lunghini & al. (1996), for a single species,

Q. mediterranea. Subsequently, two additional species were described,

Q. roureae Y.D. Zhang & X.G. Zhang and Q. stauroconidia ER. Barbosa

& Gusmao (Zhang & al. 2012, Barbosa & al. 2013). Quadracaea species are

characterized by macronematous mononematous straight thick-walled septate

conidiophores, integrated terminal and intercalary polyblastic conidiogenous

cells producing groups of ampulliform separating cells, blastic solitary

conidia, each bearing a frill at the base, with rhexolytic conidial secession,

and occurrence of a synanamorph (Lunghini & al. 1996, Zhang & al. 2012,

798 ... Dubey & al.

Barbosa & al. 2013). Conidiophore branching and size, conidial shape, and

presence of lateral cells are important diagnostic characters for Quadracaea

spp. The species are thought to be saprophytic and have been discovered on

rotten wood, branches, twigs, bark, and leaves of various trees and shrubs or

on decaying herbaceous materials in both freshwater and terrestrial habitats.

Based on the presence of a synanamorph and rhexolytical conidial secession,

Uberispora Piroz. & Hodges and Physalidiopsis R.F. Castahteda & W.B. Kendr.

are considered to be the closest related genera to Quadracaea (Pirozynski &

Hodges 1973, Castaheda-Ruiz & Kendrick 1990). However, Uberispora does

not produce separating cells and displays a different arrangement of satellite

cells around the central conidial cell (Pirozynski & Hodges 1973, Castaneda-

Ruiz & al. 1996). Physalidiopsis differs from Quadracaea primarily by producing

short branches on the conidiophores (Castafieda-Ruiz & Kendrick 1990). The

presence of stauroconidia in Physalidiopsis was used as a major character by

Lunghini & al. (1996) to distinguish it from Quadracaea.

Knowledge on the occurrence and diversity of Quadracaea is limited.

During ongoing surveys of saprobic microfungi from Ramgarh forest, Nainital,

Uttarakhand, India, an interesting anamorphic fungus was collected from leaf

litter. This fungus was identified as Quadracaea mediterranea and is described

and illustrated as a new record for India.

Materials & methods

Samples of plant debris including leaves, twigs and bark were collected at

random from different parts of Ramgarh forest of Nainital (29°26’49”N 79°33’35”E),

Uttarakhand, India, during the winter months (January-February) of 2013, placed

in plastic bags and transported to the laboratory. The plant materials were incubated

in moist chambers at 25°C and examined with a stereomicroscope, over a two-week

period, for the presence of dematiaceous hyphomycetes. When interesting fungi

were seen, slides were prepared using a cellotape technique as described by Dubey

& al. (2018, 2019). All microscopic characteristics were examined, measured, and

photographed using light microscopy.

A microscope slide containing the reproductive structures of Quadracaea, which

was found on decaying leaves of Quercus floribunda, was deposited in the Herbarium

of the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India (IARI).

Taxonomy

Quadracaea mediterranea Lunghini, Pinzari & Zucconi,

Mycotaxon 60: 104, 1996. Fic. 1

COLONIES on natural substratum amphigenous, irregularly effuse, dark

brown to blackish, hairy, loosely dispersed often producing only scattered

Quadracaea mediterranea, newly recorded from India ... 799

Fic. 1. Quadracaea mediterranea (IARI HCIO 52003) from oak leaf litter. A, B. Conidia

attached to conidiophore; C. Conidia with darker central cells and phialoconidia (arrow);

D. Details of the ampulliform separating cells (arrow); E. Proliferating separating cells (arrow);

FE. Conidia attached to conidiophore via separating cells; G. Conidia with apical synanamorphic

phialoconidia (arrow).

conidiophores with a dark lobate base. Mycelium partly immersed and partly

superficial in the substratum; hyphae branched, septate, smooth-walled, light

brown to yellowish brown, 2-5 um diam. CONIDIOPHORES mononematous,

macronematous, simple, erect, 5-(6)-8 septate (septa thin), cylindrical,

usually solitary or in groups of two or four, mid to dark yellowish brown,

mainly subhyaline or paler towards the apex, smooth, thick-walled, 82-(130)-

150 um long, 8-10 um diam. at the lobate base, 6-8 um diam. in the middle,

tapering gradually towards the rounded apex, sometimes with percurrent

regenerations. CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS polyblastic, sympodial, concolorous

with the separating cells, more or less sub-cylindrical or cylindrical, 6-9

um long, 3-6 um diam., integrated into the apical region of conidiophores,

terminal but becoming intercalary by percurrent proliferations which arise by

extension of the basal septum of the apical/terminal separating cell into and

beyond it. Separating cells in clusters (<10) or single, thin-walled, smooth, 4-8

um long, 1.5-3.0 um diam., concolorous with the conidiophore, ampulliform,

usually tapered at the apex, empty, leaving an open end after rhexolytic

conidial secession (Fic. 1D); sometimes it may proliferate percurrently at

the tip growing through the scar of the fallen conidium to produce a lateral

800 ... Dubey & al.

branch, growing for a length of up to 25-40 um before producing more

conidia (Fic. 1E). Conip1A produced singly, acropleurogenous, versicolored,

suboval or obpyriform to broadly-fusiform or lemoniform, with 3 transverse

septa, smooth, dry, 20-(26)-30 um long, 8-(10)-12 um thick at the broadest

point, sometimes slightly constricted at septa; second cell broadest, fusoid,

largest, thick-walled with most conspicuous broad black bands at the septa,

darker than the others; third or penultimate cells dark to pale brown, smaller,

and thick-walled; apical cell hyaline to subhyaline, smallest, thin-walled,

narrowly conical with pointed apex, bearing 2-4 conspicuous, prominent

subconical elongations producing phialoconidia, each up to 5-8 um long and

0.6-1.5 um diam. (Fie. 1F, G). Basal cell small, slightly thick-walled, funnel-

shaped, smooth, pale brown or subhyaline, bearing a conspicuous frill at the

base. Synanamorphic phialoconidia blastic, hyaline, smooth, thin-walled,

aseptate, fusiform, slightly falcate and produced apically in a Selenosporella-

like manner.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: INDIA, UTTARAKHAND, Nainital, Ramgarh forest, on decaying

leaves of Quercus floribunda Lindl. ex A. Camus (Fagaceae), 16 January 2013, coll. Gupta

BKU 122 (IARI HCIO 52003).

DISTRIBUTION: Brazil (Santa Izabel & Gusmao 2018), China (Wu & Zhuang

2005), Italy (Lunghini & al. 1996), India (this report).

COMMENTS: Our specimen represents the first record of this species for India.

The Indian specimen closely matches the original description of Q. mediterranea

(Lunghini & al. 1996), except that our Indian material had proliferating

separating cells, slightly larger conidia, and smaller conidiophores.

Quadracaea mediterranea is easily distinguished from other species of the

genus by its distinct conidiophores and conidial morphology. Quadracaea

roureae and Q. stauroconidia have branched conidiophores and conidia

without lateral cells. The conidia of the former usually contain up to 2

lateral cells whereas in later the conidia comprises mainly 2 (or rarely 1)

lateral cells. The conidia of Q. roureae are predominantly obpyriform, while

Q. stauroconidia produces stauriform conidia with one dark, angular

central cell and satellite cells around it (Barbosa & al. 2013). Quadracaea

mediterranea has been reported on leaf litter of Quercus ilex L. (Lunghini

& al. 1996) and decaying leaves of unidentified plants (Wu & Zhuang 2005,

Santa Izabel & Gusmao 2018). Quadracaea roureae has been found on dead

branches of Rourea minor (Gaertn.) Alston (Connaraceae; Zhang & al. 2012)

and Q. stauroconidia on submerged leaves/twigs of tropical plants (Barbosa &

al. 2013). This record of Q. mediterranea in the high altitude of India’s Central

Quadracaea mediterranea, newly recorded from India ... 801

Himalayas extends its geographic distribution and emphasizes the ecological

importance of the Kumaun Himalaya region as an important center for

conservation of rare fungal species.

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Dr. Rafael F. Castafieda-Ruiz (INIFAT, Havana,

Cuba), who confirmed the species identification and for providing some invaluable

literature. We are also indebted to Dr. Josiane Santana Monteiro (Museu Paraense

Emilio Goeldi, Belém, Brazil) and Dr. Eric McKenzie (Landcare Research, Auckland,

New Zealand) for their help with linguistic revision, valuable comments, and

suggestions. HCIO (Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India) is

acknowledged for deposition of material.

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Fungal Diversity Research Series 15. 351 p.

Zhang YD, Ma J, Ma LG, Castafieda-Ruiz RE Zhang XG. 2012. A new species of Quadracaea and

new records of other dematiaceous hyphomycetes from southern China. Nova Hedwigia 94:

405-411. https://doi.org/10.1127/0029-5035/2012/0002

MY COTAXON

October-December 2020— Volume 135, pp. 803-809

https://doi.org/10.5248/135.803

Corynespora sinensis sp. nov. from Jiangxi, China

ZHAO-HUuAN Xu’, WEI-GANG KUANG?’, LING QIU’,

X1u-GuoO ZHANG’, RAFAEL FE, CASTANEDA-RUiIZ?, JIAN Ma’*

' College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China

? Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests,

College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University,

Taian, Shandong, 271018, China

° Instituto de Investigaciones Fundamentales en Agricultura Tropical Alejandro de Humboldt’

(INIFAT), Académico Titular de la “Academia de Ciencias de Cuba’,

Calle 1 Esq. 2, Santiago de Las Vegas, C. Habana, Cuba, C.P. 17200

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: majian821210@163.com; jxaumj@126.com

ABSTRACT—A new asexual fungus, Corynespora sinensis, is described and illustrated. It was

found on dead branches of unidentified plants in Jiangxi Province, China, and is characterized

by its smooth ellipsoid, obclavate, or fusiform 3(-4) distoseptate conidia produced in simple

chains of 2. A synopsis of Corynespora species described since 2010 is provided.

Key worps—anamorphic fungi, Corynesporaceae, hyphomycetes, saprobes, taxonomy

Introduction

Corynespora Gussow, established by Giissow (1905), was emended by Wei

(1950), who provided an historical review and described C. cassiicola (Berk.

& M.A. Curtis) C.T. Wei [= C. mazei Giissow, the type species]. The genus is

characterized by distinct conidiophores with monotretic integrated terminal

determinate or percurrently extending conidiogenous cells that produce

solitary (or rarely catenate) distoseptate phragmoconidia (Wei 1950, Ellis

1971, Seifert & al. 2011). Siboe & al. (1999) provided a synopsis of relevant

morphological features that distinguish 50 accepted Corynespora species but did

not include C. kenyensis Siboe & al. McKenzie (2010) subsequently published a

synopsis of the main morphological features of 61 different species. Since then

804 ... Xu & al.

27 additional species have been added to the genus (Index Fungorum 2019).

However, Corynespora cespitosa (Ellis & Barthol.) M.B. Ellis (Ellis 1963), C.

endiandrae Crous & Summerell (Crous & al. 2014), C. leucadendri Quaedvl. &

al. (Quaedvlieg & al. 2013), and C. olivacea (Wallr.) M.B. Ellis (Ellis 1960) were

accepted as Helminthosporium species by Voglmayr & Jaklitsch (2017) based

on morphological and phylogenetic analyses. “Corynespora aeria” K. Swapna

& N.N. Nair (Swapana & Nair 2015) and “C. ipomoeae” N. Verma & al. (Verma

& al. 2014) are invalid (no identifier number cited; Turland & al. 2018: Art.

F5.1) and “C. masseeana” (Teng) P.M. Kirk (Kirk 2014) is also invalid (lacking

a full and direct basionym reference; Turland & al. 2018: Art. 41.1).

During ongoing surveys of saprophytic microfungi associated with plant

debris in southern China, an interesting hyphomycete with monotretic

conidiogenous cells that produce smooth distoseptate ellipsoid, obclavate,

or fusiform conidia in simple chains of 2 was collected on dead branches.

Morphologically typical of Corynespora, the fungus differs from previously

described taxa and therefore is proposed as new to science. With the addition of

the new species, a synopsis of the main morphological features of Corynespora

species described since McKenzie (2010) is presented in Taste 1, following

the same format as McKenzie.

Materials & methods

Dead branches were collected from humid environments and watersides in

the forest ecosystems of southern China and placed in Ziploc™ plastic bags for

transport to the laboratory, where they were processed and examined according

to Ma & al. (2011). Microphotographs were prepared using a Nikon Eclipse E200

and SmartV550Dc digital camera, with a 100 x (oil immersion) objective. Conidia

were measured at their widest point. The range between minimum and maximum

values for microscopic measurements is given with outliers in parentheses. Adobe

Photoshop 7.0 was used for image processing to assemble photographs into plates.

The specimens are deposited in the Herbarium of Jiangxi Agricultural University,

Plant Pathology (HJAUP), Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.

Taxonomy

Corynespora sinensis Jian Ma, X.G. Zhang & R.E Castaneda, sp. nov. Fic. 1

MB 833230

Differs from Corynespora myrioneuronis by its ellipsoid, obclavate or fusiform, wider

conidia produced in simple chains of 2 by non-extending conidiogenous cells.

Type: China, Jiangxi Province, Jinggangshan Mountain, on dead branches of an

unidentified broadleaf tree, 5 November 2014, J. Ma (Holotype, HJAUP M0156).

EtryMoLoey: referring to the country in which the fungus was collected.

Corynespora sinensis sp. nov. (China) ... 805

Fic. 1. Corynespora sinensis (holotype, HJAUP M0156).

A-C. Conidiophores, conidiogenous cells, and conidia; D. Conidiophores; E, F. Conidia.

CoLoNnIEs on the natural substratum, effuse, dark brown. Mycelium partly

superficial, partly immersed; hyphae branched, septate, pale brown, smooth-

walled. CONIDIOPHORES macronematous, mononematous, unbranched, erect,

straight or flexuous, cylindrical, smooth, brown to dark brown, 4-8-septate,

53-96.5 x 7-8.5 um. CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS monotretic, integrated, terminal,

determinate, cylindrical, brown, smooth, 11.5-18 x 6-7 um. Conidial secession

schizolytic. CONIDIA acrogenous, dry, in simple chains of 2, smooth-walled,

brown; primary conidia obclavate or fusiform, 3(-4)-distoseptate, 31.5-42 x

8-9.5 um, 5-6 um diam. near the apex, 3.5-4.5 um diam. at the truncate base;

secondary conidia ellipsoid, 3-distoseptate, 21-28.5 x 8-9.5 um, apex rounded,

base truncate, 2.5-3 um diam.

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: CHINA, JIANGXI PROVINCE, Jinggangshan

Mountain, on dead branches of an unidentified broadleaf tree, 5 November 2014, J.

Ma (HJAUP M0168); Lushan Mountain, on dead branches of an unidentified broadleaf

tree, 8 November 2014, J. Ma (HJAUP M0179).

806 ... Xu & al.

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CoMMENTS—About 43 Corynespora species produce solitary or catenate

conidia (Siboe & al. 1999, McKenzie 2010, TaBLE 1), but C. sinensis can

be distinguished from other species by the shape, size, and septation of its

primary and secondary conidia. Corynespora sinensis is most similar to

C. myrioneuronis Jian Ma & X.G. Zhang (Ma & Zhang 2007) in producing

3-4-distoseptate conidia, but C. myrioneuronis is characterized by solitary

obclavate narrower (6.5-8 um diam.) conidia on extending conidiogenous

cells.

Acknowledgments

The authors express gratitude to Dr. J.S. Monteiro (Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi,

Belém, Brazil) and Dr. Li-Guo Ma (Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy

of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China) for serving as pre-submission reviewers

and to Dr. Shaun Pennycook for nomenclatural review and Dr. Lorelei L. Norvell

for editorial review. This project was supported by the National Natural Science

Foundation of China (Nos. 31970018, 31760513, 31360011), and the Education

Department of Jiangxi Province of China (No. GJJ160357).

Literature cited

Crous PW, Wingfield MJ, Schumacher RK, Summerell BA, Giraldo A, Gené J &

al. 2014. Fungal Planet description sheets: 281-319. Persoonia 33: 212-289.

https://doi.org/10.3767/003158514X685680

Giissow HT. 1905. Notes on a disease of cucumbers. II. Journal of the Royal Agricultural

Society of England 65: 271-272.

Ellis MB. 1960. Dematiaceous hyphomycetes. I. Mycological Papers 76. 36 p.

Ellis MB. 1963. Dematiaceous hyphomycetes. IV. Mycological Papers 87. 42 p.

Ellis MB. 1971. Dematiaceous hyphomycetes. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew,

Surrey, England. 608 p.

Index Fungorum. 2019. http://www.indexfungorum.org [accessed 30 October 2019].

Kirk PM. 2014. Nomenclatural novelties. Index Fungorum 120: 1.

Ma J, Wang Y, Ma LG, Zhang YD, Castaneda-Ruiz RF, Zhang XG. 2011. Three new

species of Neosporidesmium from Hainan, China. Mycological Progress 10: 157-162.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-010-0685-2

Ma J, Zhang XG. 2007. Three new species of Corynespora from China. Mycotaxon 99: 353-358.

McKenzie EHC. 2010. Three new phragmosporous hyphomycetes on Ripogonum

from an ‘ecological island’ in New Zealand. Mycotaxon 111: 183-196.

https://doi.org/10.5248/111.183

Quaedvlieg W, Verkley GJM, Shin HD, Barreto RW, Alfenas AC, Swart WJ, Groenewald

JZ, Crous PW. 2013. Sizing up Septoria. Studies in Mycology 75: 307-390.

https://doi.org/10.3114/sim0017

Seifert K, Morgan-Jones G, Gams W, Kendrick B. 2011. The genera of hyphomycetes.

CBS Biodiversity Series 9. 997 p.

Siboe GM, Kirk PM, Cannon PF. 1999. New dematiaceous hyphomycetes from Kenyan rare

plants. Mycotaxon 73: 283-302.

Corynespora sinensis sp. nov. (China) ... 809

Swapana S, Nair NN. 2015. Corynespora aeria, a new species recorded amongst aero mycoflora

of Kerala, India. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 4(9): 487-492.

Turland NJ, Wiersema JH, Barrie FR, Greuter W, Hawksworth DL, Herendeen PS & al. 2018.

International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted

by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress, Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum

Vegetabile 159. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018

Verma NK, Surywanshi JS, Rai AN. 2014. Corynespora ipomoeae, a novel taxon of dematiaceous

hyphomycetes. Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology 44(4): 466-469.

Voglmayr H, Jaklitsch WM. 2017. Corynespora, Exosporium and Helminthosporium

revisited — new species and generic reclassification. Studies in Mycology 87: 43-76.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2017.05.001

Wei CT. 1950. Notes on Corynespora. Mycological Papers 34. 10 p.

MY COTAXON

October-December 2020—Volume 135, pp. 811-816

https://doi.org/10.5248/135.811

First record of Camarops petersii from eastern Europe

EUGENE S. Popov”** & SERGEY V. VOLOBUEV*?®

Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Systematics and

Geography of Fungi, Saint Petersburg 197376, Russia

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: “ epopov@binran.ru * sergvolobuev@binran.ru

ABSTRACT—'The stromatic ascomycete Camarops petersii was recorded for the first time in

Eastern Europe. It was found growing on Quercus robur wood, on a fallen trunk of a lightning

stuck tree in Bryansk Oblast, next to the western border of Russia. The morphological

description, data on the distribution and habitat are provided. The modern distribution

of C. petersii is confined mostly to the refugia of tertiary relict floras. All known European

populations of Camarops petersii (including our own) are from north of the Alps, possibly

established relatively recently due to post-glacial colonization of the broadleaf forests. Future

C. petersii populations may be found in the Mediterranean area and the Caucasus.

Key worps—Boliniaceae, Boliniales, fungal ecology, mycogeography, Sordariomycetes

Introduction

Camarops P. Karst. (Boliniaceae, Boliniales) is a genus of stromatic

Sordiariomycetes characterized by massive, erumpent, usually dark colored

and carbonized stromata, evanescent paraphyses and asci, and relatively small,

brown-colored, non-septate ascospores with a germ pore (Nannfeldt 1972).

The genus includes 25 species according to Index Fungorum (2019).

Camarops petersii is well distinguished from all other species of the genus

because the immature stroma is covered by a thick, membranaceous veil-like

structure that breaks down later except at the margin. The species was originally

described based on two collections from Alabama, (USA) and Cuba (Berkeley

1868) and for a long time was believed to occur only in the western hemisphere

until it was discovered in Korea in 1930 (Iwade 1944) and later in Germany

(Nuss & Hilber 1977).

812 ... Popov & Volobuev

In the present paper, we discuss the first record of Camarops petersii in

eastern Europe based on a collection made by the second author during a

survey of wood-inhabiting fungi in Bryansk Oblast (Russia).

Material & methods

The field survey was organized by the second author in August 2018 during a

multi-year survey of the wood-inhabiting fungi of the Non-Chernozem Zone of

Russia (Popov 2013, Volobuev 2013, Popov & Volobuev 2014). Voucher specimens

were deposited in the Mycological Herbarium of the Komarov Botanical Institute of

the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia (LE).

Global distribution data for Camarops petersii was taken from literature and

the Global Biodiversity Information Facility portal (GBIF 2019), which cited 112

occurrences on 7 April 2019.

The description of macroscopic characters was based on fresh and dry material

and photographs in situ. Microscopic features were observed and measured from

dried material squash mounted in tap water for light microscopy (Zeiss Axio Imager

Al microscope). Melzer’s reagent (MLZ) was used to check the amyloid reaction

of hymenial structures. Dimensions of spores were derived from 20 measures. The

images of microstructures were captured with an AxioCam MRc 5 digital camera

on the microscope equipped with bright-field and differential interference contrast

(DIC) optics. Images were edited by using AxioVision SE64 ver. 4.9.1 software.

DNA extraction, amplification, and sequencing followed Zmitrovich & al. (2019).

The fungal specific primers ITS1F and ITS4 were used to sequence the ITS rDNA

gene region (White & al. 1990, Gardes & Bruns 1993).

Taxonomy

Camarops petersii (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Nannf.,,

Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 66(4): 366 (1972). Pra

STROMATA superficial on wood, individual, 3-5 cm in diam, <1 cm high,

flattened-turbinate to discoid, centrally attached, woody, dull brown in cross

section, initially wrapped in a whitish, brown flecked veil, which irregularly

cracks and breaks down when mature to expose a black and shiny stromatal

surface; PERITHECIA immersed in the upper part of stromata at different depth

(polystichous), obclavate, 1-1.5 x 0.4-0.5 mm, with long necks ending in

papillate ostioles.

ASCI 52-65 x 4.8-6.3 um, cylindrical, stipitate, with an inamyloid apical ring,

8-spored, evanescent and often absent in fully mature perithecia; AscosPORES

6.0-8.4 x 3.3-4.5 um, uniseriate, 1-celled, ellipsoid to obovate, slightly pointed

at one end, olive brown, with two large lipid drops and a germ pore at the

Camarops petersii new to eastern Europe (Russia) ... 813

PLATE 1. Camarops petersii (LE 323478). A. Fresh mature stroma in situ showing disrupted veil and

exposed stromatal surface; B. Stroma in cross section with polystichous perithecia in upper part;

C. Ascospores (position of germ pore marked with an asterisk). Scale bars: A, B= 1 cm; C = 5 um.

tapered end; parapuysss cylindrical, 1.5-2 um diam., hyaline, septate, longer

than asci and evanescent.

MATERIAL EXAMINED: RUSSIA, BRYANSK OBLAST: Suzemskiy district, Nerusso-Sevnyi

protected forest area, ‘Rybnitsa natural boundary, 52°24’32”N 34°05’00”E, floodplain,

oak-dominated deciduous forest with Quercus robur, Acer platanoides, Fraxinus

excelsior, on decorticated trunk of Q. robur lying on the ground, 30 August 2018, coll. S.

Volobuev (LE 323478; GenBank MN564897).

Discussion

Camarops petersii grows on fallen and usually decorticated logs of Quercus

spp, more rarely of Castanea, Castanopsis, and Zelkova (Nannfeldt 1972, Nuss

& Hilber 1977, Doi & Nunomura 1980). Our collection was also found on

wood of a barkless, recently fallen trunk that was about 60 cm in diam, and

comparatively hard (a knife could not penetrate more than 2-3 cm in depth).

Camarops petersii appears to be widely distributed in North America, where

it has been frequently reported from broadleaf forests of the Appalachians and

Central Lowlands west to Kansas and as far north as Vermont and Wisconsin

(Ellis & Everhart 1888, Shear 1923, Heagle & French 1972, Nannfeldt 1972,

Fergus 1973, Horn 1984, Vasilyeva & al. 2007). Moreover, 77 of 112 occurrences

of this species in the GBIF portal are from North America (GBIF 2019).

814 ... Popov & Volobuev

Infrequent findings have been reported from temperate broadleaf and mixed

forests in Asia: South Korea (Iwade 1944), Russian Far East (Nannfeldt 1972),

Japan (Doi & Nunomura 1980), Taiwan (GBIF 2019), northern Iran (Arefipoor

& al. 2018), and northwestern Himalayas (Dargan 1976; Dargan & Thind

1984); and in Europe, from Germany, Austria, and France (Nuss & Hilber 1977,

Urban 2016, MycoDB 2019). The modern disjunct distribution of C. petersii is

thus confined mostly to the refugia of tertiary relict floras as defined by Milne

& Abbott (2002).

In Europe, during most of the last glacial period, the temperate forest species,

including summer-green species of the Quercus, were restricted to small

refugia. Those were situated mostly south of 45°N along the Mediterranean

coast and around the Black and Caspian Seas (Leroy & Arpe 2007, Svenning

& al. 2008, Tzedakis & al. 2013). At that time, most of the area north of the

Alps was covered with tundra and cold steppes (Gerasimov & Velichko 1982,

Binney & al. 2017). The spread of deciduous Quercus species from these refugia

to the Central European mountains took place in the late-glacial interstadial

(13-11 thousand years ago), and oaks spread into Northern and Eastern

Europe only in the Holocene (Brewer & al. 2002, Birks & Tinner 2016). It is

likely that European populations of Camarops petersii were recently established

as a result of post-glacial colonization of the broadleaf forests. We suppose that

C. petersii still could be found in the Mediterranean area and the Caucasus. But

this supposition needs to be verified by mycologists in those regions.

A BLAST search revealed that the ITS sequence newly generated from our

material (GenBank MN564897) is identical with those of the North American

collection of C. petersii MICH 340497 (GenBank MT913624).

Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to Dr. Elena Sitnikova (deputy director of the Bryanskiy

Les Nature Reserve) for great assistance with field work management. This study was

carried out within the framework of the institutional research project Biodiversity,

ecology, structural and functional features of fungi and fungus-like protists

(AAAA-A19-119020890079-6) of the Komarov Botanical Institute RAS using

equipment of its Core Facility Center [Cell and Molecular Technologies in Plant

Science]. The authors also thank Drs. Viktor Kucera (Slovak Academy of Sciences,

Bratislava, Slovakia) and Luis Quijada (Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge MA,

USA) for presubmission review.

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MY COTAXON

October-December 2020—Volume 135, pp. 817-823

https://doi.org/10.5248/135.817

Trapelia calyciformis sp. nov. from China

MinGc-ZuHvu Dou, XIN ZHAO, ZE-FENG JIA’

College of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, P. R. China

“ CORRESPONDENCE TO: Zfjia2008@163.com

ABSTRACT—Trapelia calyciformis is described from China as a new species. The lichen is

characterized by its gray-white thallus, zeorine apothecium with black disc and cracked

excipulum, narrow paraphyses branched near the tip, 8-spored asci, aseptate ascospores with

one vacuole, and the presence of gyrophoric acid. The specimens examined were deposited in

LCUE A key to the species of Trapelia reported in China is presented.

Key worps — lichenized fungi, Trapeliales, Trapeliaceae, taxonomy

Introduction

Trapelia was introduced by Choisy in 1929 and has about 20 species

worldwide (Orange 2018). Most taxa are found on rock, rarely on soil and

bark (Orange 2018, Aptroot & Schumm 2012, Kantvilas & Elix 2007). The

characteristics of this genus are a crustose thallus often with areoles; apotheciate

ascomata, slender non-amyloid paraphyses (often branched near the tip but

rarely swollen); 8-spored subcylindrical asci with weakly thickened apices; non-

septate ascospores that are ellipsoid to subglobose, hyaline, and non-amyloid;

and the presence of gyrophoric acid and 5-O-methylhiascic acid (Hertel 1969,

1970; Jaklitsch & al. 2016).

In recent years, much attention has been paid to crustose lichens in China,

with many new species and records reported (Aptroot & Seaward 1999; Aptroot

& Sipman 2001; Aptroot & Sparrius 2003; Dou & al. 2019; Ren 2015, 2017;

Ren & Zheng 2018; Ren & al. 2018; Wang & al. 2015; Yan & al. 2017; Zhou &

Ren 2018). Aptroot and his colleagues have reported three species of Trapelia—

T. coarctata (Turner) M. Choisy, T: involuta (Taylor) Hertel, and T. placodioides

818 ... Dou, Zhao, Jia

Coppins & P. James. During our study of the genus, two specimens from Jiangxi

Province, China differed from the known species and are proposed here as a

new species, T. calyciformis.

Materials & methods

SPECIMENS. All materials were collected from Jiangxi Province, China, and

are deposited in Fungarium of the College of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University,

Liaocheng, China (LCUF), and the Lichen Section, Herbarium Mycologium, Chinese

Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (HMAS-L). The macroscopic characters were

examined and photographed under an Olympus SZX16 dissecting microscope. The

specimens were examined microscopically and photographed under an Olympus

BX53 compound microscope. Cortex and medulla were tested using K (a 10%

aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide), C (a saturated solution of aqueous

sodium hypochlorite), and P (a saturated solution of p-phenylenediamine in 95%

ethyl alcohol). The lichen substances were detected using standardized thin layer

chromatography techniques (TLC) (Orange & al. 2010, Jia & Wei 2016).

DNA EXTRACTION, AMPLIFICATION, AND SEQUENCING. Molecular protocols

followed Dou & al. (2019). The ITS sequence was amplified using the ITSIF and ITS4

primers (Gardes & Bruns 1993, White & al. 1990). Thermocycling conditions were set

according to Orange (2018).

The newly generated sequence was submitted to GenBank and aligned with ITS

sequences of related taxa selected by a Blast search of closely related ITS sequences

and comparison with morphological characters and literature as suggested by Orange

(2018) (Fie. 1).

PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS AND SEQUENCE COMPARISONS. The ITS sequences of

the specimen and 14 selected representatives were aligned by Muscle using MEGA5

(Tamura & al. 2011). The final matrix can be obtained from the corresponding author.

A phylogeny was generated using MrBayes on XsEDE (3.2.6) and RAxML-HPC2 on

XSEDE (8.2.12) (Miller & al. 2010). The level of confidence in the resulting topological

bipartitions was estimated with 1000 bootstrap replicates. All alignment gaps and

missing data were excluded during phylogenetic analyses via pairwise sequence

comparisons. Absolute distances were estimated using MEGAS, based on p-distance

model with all gaps removed from each sequence pair.

Results & discussion

Sequencing & phylogenetic analysis

The partial ITS1 region, complete 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, and partial

ITS2 region of the Jiangxi sample were successfully sequenced; the sequence

submitted to GenBank contained 480 base pairs. The sites that were difficult to

align were removed from the matrix, and a total of 464 positions were reserved

for phylogenetic analyses in the final dataset.

Trapelia calyciformis sp. nov. (China) ... 819

Trapelia involuta KX961318

1/88

Trapelia,involuta KX961321

1/100

Trapelia glebulosa KR017069

Trapelia placodioides KX961320

1/99

Trapelia placodioides KX961374

0.9/85 Trapelia coarctata KX961380

1/100

Trapelia coarctata KRO17098

0.8/88

Trapelia sitiens KY800909

1/100

ae Trapelia sitiens KY800910

Trapelia corticola KY797788

1/100

Trapelia corticola KRO17135

0.9/86

Trapelia calyciformis MN150524

0.9/51

Trapelia lilacea KU672611

1/100

Trapelia lilacea KU672612

Trapeliopsis flexuosa HQ650634

0.02

Fic. 1. Phylogenetic relationships inferred from ITS sequences of Trapelia calyciformis and closely

related Trapelia species (with Trapeliopsis flexuosa as outgroup). The evolutionary tree was inferred

by using the Bayesian method. The tree is drawn to scale, with branch lengths measured in the

number of substitutions per site. Posterior probabilities/ML-bootstrap values >50% are written

next to nodes. Branches highly supported by both methods (PP 20.95 and ML 270%) are indicated

with a bold line.

ITS sequence analysis supported a close relationship (98.69% identity)

between the new species (T. calyciformis) and T. coarctata and strongly

supported the monophyly of T: coarctata (PP = 1; ML = 100%), T. involuta

(PP = 1; ML = 88%), T. placodioides (PP = 1; ML = 99%), T. sitiens Orange

(PP = 1; ML = 100%), T. corticola Coppins & P. James (PP = 1; ML = 100%),

and T: lilacea Kantvilas & Elix (PP = 1; ML = 100%). Trapelia. glebulosa (Sm.)

J.R. Laundon clusters together with T’ involuta (PP = 1; ML = 100%). Our

phylogenetic analysis placed the Jiangxi sequences within Trapelia, and weakly

supported the relationship between T. calyciformis and its morphologically

closely related species T. lilacea (PP = 0.9; ML = 51%) (Fie. 1).

820 ... Dou, Zhao, Jia

Absolute distances for the aligned sequences of the ITS sequence also

support the separation of a new species. In our sequence matrix, distances

between infraspecific samples are <3 and between species are >4, while the

distances between T. calyciformis and other species are 255 (TABLE 1).

Both molecular and morphological analyses support T! calyciformis as a new

species.

TABLE 1. Absolute distances between aligned ITS sequences from Trapelia calyciformis

and related species. (Gaps ignored in pairwise comparisons.)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

I. T. calyciformis

MN150524

2. T. placodioides

KX961320 60

3. T. placodioides

KX961374 61 1

4. T. coarctata

KX961380 65 35 36

5. T. coarctata

KRO17098 66 36 37 1

6. T. involuta

KX961318 85 68 68 71 72

7. T: involuta

KX961321 85 68 68 Fl 72. 1

8. T. lilacea

KU672611 58 54 54 55 56 80 79

9. T. lilacea

KU672612 55 55 56 54 55 82 81 3

10. T. glebulosa

KRO17069 84 65 65 69 70 4 5 78 80

11. T. corticola

KY797788 56 48 49 50 51 72. 72 54 53 71

12. T. corticola

KRO17135 56 48 49 50 51 72 72 54 53 71 0

13. T. sitiens

KY800909 60 39 40 40 Al 67 67 58 57 64 52 52

14. T: sitiens

KY800910 60 39 40 40 Al 67 67 58 57 64 52 52 0

* Infraspecific distances are indicated with bold font.

Taxonomy

Trapelia calyciformis Z.F. Jia, sp. nov. FIG. 2

EN 570662

Differs from Trapelia coarctata by its cracked excipulum.

Trapelia calyciformis sp. nov. (China) ... 821

PS LN | Pi Cece mene st “ fe pofod fue et 5

Fic. 2. Trapelia calyciformis (holotype, LCUF - Yao JX19016). A. Thallus with apothecia;

B. Apothecia with cracked excipulum; C. Cross section of apothecium; D. Asci with thickened

apex; E. Ascospores; F. Paraphyses septate and branched near the tip.

Type: China. Jiangxi: Shangrao City, Wuyuan County, Xitou Town, Jiangling Scenic

Area, 29°27’N 118°01’E, alt. 392 m, on rock, 16/III/2019, Z.T. Yao JX19016 (Holotype,

LCUF; Isotype, HMAS-L 0144251; GenBank MN150524).

EryMo_oey: From the Latin calyciformis meaning “calyx-shaped,” referring to the shape

of the cracked excipulum.

THALLUS crustose, saxicolous, off-white, dull. Algae chlorococcoid.

APOTHECIA zeorine, orbicular, sessile, 0.4-—0.5 mm diam.; Disc convex, black,

epruinose; EXCIPLE brown; EPITHECIUM brown, 21-29 um tall; HyMENIUM

hyaline, without oil droplets, I-, paraphyses branched near the tip, 1.5-2.5

um diam.; HYPOTHECIUM light brown. Asc1 clavate, 80-90 x 15-17 um,

8-spored. AscosPporEs 15.2-22(-28) x 7.2-10.7 um, non-septate, ellipsoid,

hyaline. Pycnrp1 not observed.

Cuemistry: Thallus UV-, C+ red, K-, P-. Gyrophoric acid detected with

TLE,

ECOLOGY & DISTRIBUTION: On rocks. Known only from the type locality.

ADDITIONAL SPECIMEN EXAMINED: CHINA. JIANGxI: Shangrao City, Wuyuan

County, Xitou Town, Jiangling Scenic Area, alt. 392 m, on rock, 16/II/2019, Z.T. Yao

JX19017 (LCUF).

REMARKS: Trapelia calyciformis morphologically resembles T. coarctata,

which differs by its white mound-like apothecia in its early stage and intact

excipulum without cracks when mature (Orange 2018, Brodo & Lendemer

822 ... Dou, Zhao, Jia

2015); however, T: calyciformis is very well separated from T. coarctata in ITS

sequences. Trapelia calyciformis is also similar morphologically to T: glebulosa,

which is distinguished by ITS sequence differences, its biatorine apothecia, and

a thallus that does not appear as a single, coherent unit but instead comprises

distinct areoles with abruptly thickened margins (Orange 2018; Brodo &

Lendemer 2015). Despite the close relationship between T! calyciformis and

T: lilacea in the ITS tree, the basal node is only weakly supported. Moreover,

T: calyciformis differs distinctly from T. lilacea in morphology and chemistry:

T: lilacea is distinguished by its wider ascospores (9-15 um diam.), sunken

concave thallus disc, and 5-O-methylhiascic acid as its primary lichen

substance (Kantvilas & Elix 2007).

Key to the species of Trapelia known from China

WeSOt Aa PESST | patra ne tar SRA nee Rane GE ARS ttn «tien ocattlies «tae oh T: placodioides

Tsonga sents sade fle. Olle. heal ncdrry acl tsdreeahten acreglnc erie! sencsiba! meornchite! noongheal socegeant oe Z

2. Mature apothecia without thalline exciple,

57 Oemethylntascicracre(iayOr)e. ek San ia Ee eh tLe cand cetiveent tare d T. involuta

2. Mature apothecia with thalline exciple, gyrophoric acid (major) ................ 3

3. Thalline exciple margin cracking into multiple triangular lobes ...... T. calyciformis

3. Thalline exciple margin not cracking into multiple triangular lobes .... T: coarctata

Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China

(31700018 & 31750001) and Doctoral Research Foundation of Liaocheng University

(318051813). The authors are grateful to the presubmission reviewers Prof. Qiang Ren

(State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, CAS) and Dr. Lei Lu

(College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, China) for

reading and improving the manuscript.

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Trapelia calyciformis sp. nov. (China) ... 823

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MY COTAXON

October-December 2020—Volume 135, pp. 825-828

https://doi.org/10.5248/135.825

Blodgettia sinensis sp. nov.

from Lushan Mountain, China

XU-GEN Sut’, ZHAO-HUAN XU’, WEI-GANG KUANG’,

RAFAEL F, CASTANEDA-RUIZ?’, JIAN Ma’*

' College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China

? Instituto de Investigaciones Fundamentales en Agricultura Tropical Alejandro de Humboldt’

(INIFAT), Académico Titular de la “Academia de Ciencias de Cuba’,

Calle 1 Esq. 2, Santiago de Las Vegas, C. Habana, Cuba, C.P. 17200

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: majian821210@163.com; jxaumj@126.com

ABSTRACT—A new asexual fungus Blodgettia sinensis is described and illustrated from a

specimen collected on dead branches of an unidentified broadleaf tree in Lushan Mountain,

China. The fungus differs from other described Blodgettia species in its ellipsoidal, brown,

3(-6)-euseptate conidia with rounded apices.

KEY worRDs—anamorphic fungi, hyphomycetes, saprobes, taxonomy

Introduction

Blodgettia Harv. was introduced by Harvey (1858) for B. confervoides

Harv., which was originally collected on rocks near low-water mark in Key

West, USA. The name was initially rejected because the type was a mixture of

fungal and algal elements, but under the current code (Turland & al. 2018: Art.

9.14) the name is legitimate for the fungal component, emended by Wright

(1881) as B. bornetii E.P. Wright, nom. illeg. [= B. confervoides]. The genus

is characterized by short reduced or branched subhyaline conidiophores

and solitary acrogenous fusiform moniliform euseptate conidia seceding

schizolytically from monoblastic integrated terminal conidiogenous cells

(Wright 1881, Seifert & al. 2011). Subsequently, Subramanian (1954) added

826 ... Shi & al.

B. indica Subram. from India on dead stubble in water. Udaiyan (1992)

published an invalid species “B. aquatica” Udaiyan from beech test blocks

in storage tank and cooling tower in India, without the required typification

details. Yang & al. (2017) added B. saprophytica C.L. Yang & al. from China on

dead stems of an unidentified broadleaf tree.

Saprophytic hyphomycetes are essential components in forest ecosystems

and occur with high species diversity on rotten wood, decaying leaves, and

dead branches (Ellis 1971, 1976; Subramanian 1971; Castafeda-Ruiz &

Kendrick 1991; Zhang & al. 2009; Delgado 2014; Ma & Zhang 2015; Arias

& al. 2016; Ma & al. 2016; Xu & al. 2019). During continuing exploration

for saprobic microfungi in southern China, an interesting hyphomycete

with morphological features of Blodgettia was collected on dead branches. It

differs from all previously described taxa, and therefore is proposed as new

to science.

Blodgettia sinensis Jian Ma & R.F. Castafieda, sp. nov. Fic. 1

IF 557002

Differs from other Blodgettia spp. by its ellipsoidal, brown, 3(-6)-euseptate conidia with

rounded apices.

Type: China, Jiangxi Province, Lushan Mountain, on dead branches of an unidentified

broadleaf tree, 8 November 2014, J. Ma (Holotype, HJAUP M0257).

ETyMoLoey: refers to the country in which the fungus was collected.

CoLonigs on the natural substratum effuse, hyaline to subhyaline. Mycelium

partly superficial, partly immersed; hyphae branched, septate, smooth,

subhyaline to pale brown. CONIDIOPHORES simple, not distinct from

hyphae, subhyaline to pale brown, septate, 2-3.5 um wide. CONIDIOGENOUS

CELLS monoblastic, integrated, terminal, subhyaline to pale brown.

Conidial secession schizolytic. Conrp1a solitary, acrogenous, ellipsoidal,

3(-6)-euseptate, distinctly constricted at the middle septum, brown, smooth,

the apical cell sometimes triangular, with a rounded apex, the basal cell mostly

crucible-shaped, 33.5-41 x 15.5-18.5 um.

CoMMENTS - Blodgettia sinensis is distinguished from other species of

Blodgettia by its ellipsoidal conidia with predominately three eusepta.

It further differs from B. confervoides [= B. bornetii] by occurring on

dead branches and not on green algae. The new species also differs from

“B. aquatica” (conidia 32-52 x 15-25 um) in its smaller conidia, from

B. saprophytica (conidia 52.5-64 x 11.5-17 um) in its shorter and wider

conidia that lack a mucilaginous tunica, and from B. indica, which is

Blodgettia sinensis sp. nov. (China) ... 827

20 ym

Fic. 1. Blodgettia sinensis (holotype, HJAUP M0257).

Hyphae, conidiophores, and conidia.

distinguished by longer and narrower (20-50 x 7.5-17.5 um) conidia with

strongly attenuated apical cells. In addition, both “B. aquatica” and B. indica

were discovered in water.

Acknowledgments

The authors express gratitude to Dr. Li-Guo Ma (Institute of Plant Protection,

Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China) and Dr. Ji-Wen

Xia (Department of Plant Pathology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian,

China) for serving as pre-submission reviewers and to Dr. Shaun R. Pennycook

for nomenclatural review and Dr. Lorelei L. Norvell for editorial review. This

project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China

(Nos. 31970018, 31760513, 31360011).

828 ... Shi & al.

Literature cited

Arias RM, Heredia G, Castafieda-Ruiz RF. 2016. Two new species of Bactrodesmium and

Dictyoaquaphila from Mexico. Mycotaxon 131(2): 291-295. https://doi.org/10.5248/131.291

Castafieda-Ruiz RE, Kendrick B. 1991. Ninety-nine conidial fungi from Cuba and three from

Canada. University of Waterloo Biology Series 35. 132 p.

Delgado G. 2014. South Florida microfungi: Linkosia longirostrata, a new hyphomycete on

paurotis palm. Mycotaxon 129(1): 41-46. https://doi.org/10.5248/129.41

Ellis MB. 1971. Dematiaceous hyphomycetes. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew,

Surrey, England. 608 p.

Ellis MB. 1976. More dematiaceous hyphomycetes. Commonwealth Mycological Institute,

Kew, Surrey, England. 507 p.

Harvey WH. 1858. Nereis Boreali-Americana. Part III, Chlorospermeae. Smithsonian

Contributions to Knowledge 10(2). 142 p.

Ma J, Zhang XG. 2015. A preliminary report of dematiaceous hyphomycetes from dead

branches in Jiangxi Province. Biological Disaster Science 38(4): 290-293.

Ma J, Xia JW, Zhang XG. 2016. Three new species of Hemicorynespora and Solicorynespora from

southern China. Mycotaxon 131: 263-268. https://doi.org/10.5248/131.263

Seifert K, Morgan-Jones G, Gams W, Kendrick B. 2011. The genera of hyphomycetes. CBS

Biodiversity Series 9. 997 p.

Subramanian CV. 1954. Fungi imperfecti from Madras-VI. Journal of the Indian Botanical

Society 33: 36-42.

Subramanian CV. 1971. Hyphomycetes: an account of Indian species, except Cercospora. Indian

Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India. 930 p.

Turland NJ, Wiersema JH, Barrie FR, Greuter W, Hawksworth DL, Herendeen PS & al. 2018.

International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted

by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress, Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum

Vegetabile 159. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018

Udaiyan K. 1992 [“1991”]. Some interesting hyphomycetes from the industrial water cooling

towers of Madras. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 15(3): 627-647.

Wright EP. 1881. On Blodgettia confervoides of Harvey, forming a new genus and species of

fungi. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 28: 21-26.

Xu ZH, Zhang K, Zhang XG, Castafieda-Ruiz RF, Ma J. 2019. Cacumisporium fusiforme sp. nov.

from Jiangxi, China. Mycotaxon 134(2): 275-279. https://doi.org/10.5248/134.275

Yang CL, Zhang K, Wang JY, Xia JW, Ma YR, Gao JM, Zhang XG, Li Z. 2017 [“2016”].

Blodgettia saprophytica sp. nov. and Uberispora tropicalis, new records from southern

China. Mycotaxon 131(4): 907-911. https://doi.org/10.5248/131.907

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Mycotaxon 109: 85-93. https://doi.org/10.5248/109.85

MY COTAXON

October-December 2020— Volume 135, pp. 829-838

https://doi.org/10.5248/135.829

Similitrichoconis wongii gen. & sp. nov. from Ecuador

Marcos VERA’, DAYNET SOSA’’", FREDDY MAGDAMA’,

ADELA QUEVEDO’', FERNANDO ESPINOZA’, LIZETTE SERRANO’,

MIRIAN VILLAVICENCIO’, IVAN CHOEZ-GUARANDA’,

SIMON PEREZ-MARTINEZ’, RAFAEL F, CASTANEDA-RUIZ?

' Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, (CIBE),

Campus Gustavo Galindo Km. 30.5 Via Perimetral,

PO. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador

? Universidad Estatal de Milagro (UNEMI), Facultad de Ingenieria,

Cdla. Universitaria Km. 1.5 via Milagro-Km26, Milagro 091706, Guayas, Ecuador

*Instituto de Investigaciones Fundamentales en Agricultura Tropical (INIFAT),

Alejandro de Humboldt, Calle 1 Esq. 2, Santiago de Las Vegas,

La Habana, Cuba, C.P. 17200

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: dasosa@espol.edu.ec

ABSTRACT—A new anamorphic genus and species Similitrichoconis wongii are described and

illustrated. The fungus, found on submerged decaying leaf of an unidentified plant in Ecuador,

is characterized by blastic production of obclavate to long fusiform, hyaline phragmoconidia

that are rostrate above, uncinate below, and produced by schizolytic conidial secession of

clear to translucent conidiogenous cells.

KEY worDsS—asexual fungi, hyphomycetes, taxonomy, tropics

Introduction

Trichoconis Clem. (typified by T! caudata (Appel & Strunk) Clem.) is

characterized by distinct conidiophores, conidiogenous cells that are colorless,

single or branched, and have polyblastic sympodial denticulate cylindrical

denticles that serve as separating cells in which rhexolytic secession occurs. The

solitary conidia are variously shaped (fusiform, obclavate, clavate, ellipsoid,

subcylindrical, or navicular), apically and laterally arranged, rostrate, septate,

830 ... Vera & al.

and colorless (Deighton & Pirozynski 1972). The genus comprises primarily

fungicolous, lichenicolous, or saprobic fungi (Clements 1909, Pavgi & al.

1966, Deighton & Pirozynski 1972, Pirozynski 1974, Hawksworth 1980, de

Hoog & Oorschot 1985, Matsushima 1989, 1993, Castafieda-Ruiz & Kendrick

1991, Castafieda-Ruiz & al. 1997, Baker & al. 2001, Seifert & al. 2011,

Braun & al. 2016, Silva & al. 2016). Index Fungorum (2019) lists 25 species

names; however four—T. crotalariae M.A. Salam & P.N. Rao, T. echinophila

(C. Massal.) de Hoog & Oorschot, T indica Pavgi & R.A. Singh, and T°

padwickii Ganguly—are not recognized for Trichoconis because they have

definite morphological characteristics (Ellis 1971, Baker & al. 2001, Silva &

al. 2016, Braun & al. 2016). During a survey of hyphomycetes associated with

plant litter from a tropical rainforest at the Rio Palenque Scientific Center near

Canton Buena Fé, Los Rios province (Fic. 1), we collected a fungus somewhat

similar to Trichoconis but which differs remarkably from all other described

genera (Seifert & al. 2011) for which we propose a new genus and species.

Materials & methods

Samples of decaying plant materials were collected and placed in plastic bags for

transport to the laboratory, where they were washed, treated according to Castafieda-

Ruiz & al. (2016), and placed in moist chambers. Several attempts to obtain this

species in pure culture by transferring conidia with a flamed needle to transfer

conidia to one part corn meal agar and one part carrot extract and incubating at

25 °C; these attempts were unsuccessful. Mounts were prepared either in polyvinyl

alcohol-glycerol (8 g PVA in 100 ml H,O + 5 ml glycerol) and lactofuchsin (0.1 g

acid fuchsin in 100 ml 85% lactic acid) according to Carmichael (1955) or 90% lactic

acid. Features were measured at 1000x magnification and photographed using a Zeiss

Axioskop 40 microscope with bright field optics. The type specimen is deposited

in the herbarium of Microorganism Culture Collections of CIBE (CCM_CIBE),

Guayaquil, Ecuador.

Taxonomy

Similitrichoconis R.F. Castafieda, M. Vera & D. Sosa, gen. nov.

MB 833730

Differs from Trichoconis by its monoblastic terminal determinate conidiogenous cells

and schizolytic conidial secession.

Type SpEcIEs: Similitrichoconis wongii R.F. Castaneda & al.

ErymMo.oey: Simili- (Latin) meaning like, resembling, similar + -trichoconis (Latin)

referring to the genus Trichoconis.

Fic. 1. Mycological survey in the protected rainforest near the Cantén Palenque, Los Rios

province, Ecuador.

831

Similitrichoconis wongii gen. & sp. nov. (Ecuador) ...

832 ... Vera & al.

Fic. 2. Similitrichoconis wongii (ex-holotype, CCMCIBE-H641).

Colony from natural substratum.

Similitrichoconis wongii gen. & sp. nov. (Ecuador) ... 833

Co.tonigs on the natural substrate effuse. CONIDIOPHORES macronematous,

mononematous, unbranched, hyaline. CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS monoblastic,

integrated, terminal, determinate, clear to translucent. Conidial secession

schizolytic. Conrp1 solitary, acrogenous, obclavate to long fusiform, euseptate,

phragmosporic, hyaline.

Similitrichoconis wongii R.F. Castafieda, M. Vera & D. Sosa, sp. nov. Fics 2-5

MB 833731

Differs from Trichoconis spp. by its monoblastic determinate conidiogenous cells and

the production of obclavate conidia after schizolytic conidial secession.

Type: Ecuador, Los Rios province, Cantén Buena Fé, Parroquia Patricia Pilar, 0°35’45”S

79°21’49”W, on submerged decaying leaf of an unidentified plant in stream, 18-III.2019,

coll. A. Quevedo, M. Vera & F. Espinoza (Holotype, CCMCIBE-H641).

EtryMoLocy: wongii (Latin) The new species is dedicated to Vicente Wong who provided

permission and facilities for sample collection in the Rio Palenque reserve belonging to

the Wong Foundation

COLONIES on the natural substrate effuse, hypophyllous, funiculose, white.

Mycelium mostly superficial and immersed; hyphae septate, branched, smooth,

3-5 um diam, hyaline. CONIDIOPHORES macronematous, mononematous,

erect or prostrate, flexuous, sinuous, unbranched, 3-5-septate, smooth,

hyaline, 45-80 x 6-9 um, with 2(-3)-cells clear to translucent toward the

apex. CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS monoblastic, cylindrical to slightly subulate,

strongly curved to uncinate, integrated, determinate, terminal, smooth, clear

to translucent, 8-10 x 3-5 um. CONIDIAL SECESSION schizolytic. CONIDIA

solitary, acrogenous, obclavate, long fusiform, 8-15-euseptate, rostrate toward

the apex, rostrum <10 um long, smooth-walled, hyaline, 200-250 x 10.5-14

um, with a conspicuous, curved to uncinate, clear to translucent basal cell, 2-4

um long.

Notes: Similitrichoconis wongii presents two clear to translucent cells, the

conidiogenous cell and (after schizolytic secession) a conidial basal cell. Both

clear to translucent cells could be interpreted either as a 2-celled isthmus or

two separating cells; unfortunately despite several attempts we obtained no

culture that would clarify this uncommon conidiogenous event. The obclavate

conidia with a cylindrical hyaline basal cell in S. wongii somewhat resemble

Trichoconis spp. However, the basal frill observed in Trichoconis originates

after rhexolytic secession of a narrow cylindrical separating cell produced at

several loci of the uniformly colored polyblastic conidiogenous cells (Braun

& al. 2016, Silva & al. 2016). The cylindrical denticles and pedunculate

cells in Pendulispora venezuelanica M.B. Ellis (illustrated by Ellis 1961) are

834 ... Vera & al.

Fic. 3. Similitrichoconis

wongii (ex-holotype, CCMCIBE-H641). A. Conidiogenous cell;

B, C. Conidiophores and conidiogenous cells. (Arrows indicate clear (A,C) and translucent

(B) conidiogenous cells.)

Similitrichoconis wongii gen. & sp. nov. (Ecuador) ... 835

Fic. 4. Similitrichoconis wongii (ex-holotype, CCMCIBE-H641). A, D. Lower conidial

section above stained translucent basal cells. B. Lower conidial section with curved clear

basal cell. C. Conidium with-translucent basal cell.

836 ... Vera & al.

superficially similar to the conidial basal cells and conidiogenous cells in

S. wongii, but the evident sympodial extension of the conidiogenous cells are

typical of polyblastic conidiogenous cells (Seifert & al. 2011). Ellis (1971),

who ignored these sympodial extensions of the conidiogenous cells, described

the conidiogenous cells as monoblastic. The existence of hyaline separating

cells during and after conidiogenous events occurs in several hyphomycete

genera (e.g., Arcuadendron Sigler & J.W. Carmich., Coccidioides C.W. Stiles,

Chrysosporium Corda, Malbranchea Sacc., Ovadendron Sigler & J.W. Carmich.),

but there rhexolytic conidial secession occurs during the conidial arthro-thallic

disarticulation (Sigler & Carmichael 1976, Seifert & al. 2011).

Acknowledgments

We are indebted to Dr. Josiane S. Monteiro (Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi,

Brazil) and Dr. Silvana Santos da Silva (Instituto Federal de Educagao, Ciéncia e

Tecnologia Baiano, Brazil) for their critical reviews. The authors thank Mr. Vicente

Wong and Mr. James Jensen for facilities and permission to collect samples in the

private protected forest and Rio Palenque Scientific Center. The authors are grateful

to Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral (ESPOL), CIBE for financial support, and

the International Society for Fungal Conservation for facilities. RFCR is grateful

to the Cuban Ministry of Agriculture. We acknowledge the websites maintained

by Dr. P.M. Kirk (Index Fungorum) and Dr. K. Bensch (MycoBank). Dr. Lorelei

L. Norvell’s editorial review and Dr. Shaun Pennycook’s nomenclature review are

greatly appreciated.

Literature cited

Baker WA, Partridge EC, Morgan-Jones G. 2001. Notes on hyphomycetes. LXXXIV.

Pseudotrichoconis and Rhexodenticula, two new monotypic genera with rhexolytically

disarticulating conidial separating cells. Mycotaxon 79: 361-373.

Braun U, Khodosovtsev AY, Darmostuk VV, Diederich P. 2016. Trichoconis hafellneri sp. nov. on

Athallia pyracea and Xanthoria parietina, a generic discussion of Trichoconis and keys to the

species of this genus. Herzogia 29: 307-314. https://doi.org/10.13158/heia.29.2.2016.307

Carmichael JW. 1955. Lacto-fuchsin: a new medium for mounting fungi. Mycologia 47: 611.

Castafieda-Ruiz RE, Kendrick B. 1991. Ninety-nine conidial fungi from Cuba and three from

Canada. University of Waterloo Biology Series 35: 1-132.

Castafieda-Ruiz RF, Kendrick B, Guarro J. 1997. Notes on conidial fungi. XIV. New

hyphomycetes from Cuba. Mycotaxon 65: 93 -106.

Castafieda-Ruiz RF, Heredia G, Gusmao LFP, Li DW. 2016. Fungal diversity of Central and

South America. 197-217, in: DW Li (ed.). Biology of Microfungi. Springer International

Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29137-6_9

Fic. 5. Similitrichoconis wongii (ex-holotype, CCMCIBE-H641). A-C. Conidia with curved

translucent basal cells (indicated by arrows) following schizolytic conidial secession.

Similitrichoconis wongii gen. & sp. nov. (Ecuador) ... 837

838 ... Vera & al.

Clements FE. 1909. The genera of Fungi: 1-227.

de Hoog S, Oorschot CAN. 1985. Taxonomy of the Dactylaria complex, VI. Key to the genera

and check-list of epithets. Studies in Mycology 26: 97-121.

Deighton, FC, Pirozynski, KA. 1972. Microfungi. V. More hyperparasitic hyphomycetes.

Mycological Papers 128: 1-110.

Ellis MB. 1961. Dematiaceous hyphomycetes. III. Mycological Papers 82: 41-43.

Ellis MB. 1971. Dematiaceous hyphomycetes. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew,

Surrey, England.

Index Fungorum. 2019. Fungal names search. http://www.indexfungorum.org/names/Names.asp

[accessed 28 November 2019].

Hawksworth DL. 1980. Notes on some fungi occurring on Peltigera, with a key to accepted

species. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 74: 363-386.

Matsushima T. 1989. Matsushima Mycological Memoirs no. 6. Matsushima Fungus Collection,

Kobe.

Matsushima T. 1993. Matsushima Mycological Memoirs no. 7. Matsushima Fungus Collection,

Kobe.

Pavgi MS, Singh RA, Ram D. 1966. Some parasitic fungi on rice from India - II. Mycopathologia

et Mycologia Applicata 30: 314-322. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02053164

Pirozynski, KA. 1974. Meliola mollis and two new hyphomycetes in India. Kavaka 2: 33-41.

Seifert K, Morgan-Jones G, Gams W, Kendrick B. 2011. The genera of hyphomycetes. CBS

Biodiversity Series 9. 997 p.

Sigler L, Carmichael JW. 1976. Taxonomy of Malbranchea and some other hyphomycetes with

arthroconidia. Mycotaxon 4: 349-488.

Silva SS, Gusmao LFP, Castafeda-Ruiz RF. 2016 [“2015”]. Conidial fungi on Araucaria

angustifolia: Trichoconis foliicola sp. nov. and two new records from Brazil. Mycotaxon 130:

1051-1059. https://dx.doi.org/10.5248/130.1051

MY COTAXON

October-December 2020—Volume 135, pp. 839-844

https://doi.org/10.5248/135.839

Three new records of Porina from China

Fer YuE Liu, YA NAN Xu, MENG LI ZHU, XIN ZHAO’

College of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University,

No. 1 Hunan Road, Liaocheng 252000, Liaocheng, China

“ CORRESPONDENCE TO: happyduckzx@163.com

AxBsTRACT —'Three species of the lichen genus Porina are newly reported for China:

P. internigrans, PB kamerunensis, and P. subrubrosphaera. Taxonomic descriptions,

illustrations, and comments are provided.

Key worps —Ascomycota, Lecanoromycetes, Ostropales, Porinaceae, taxonomy

Introduction

Porina Ach. (Porinaceae) is widely distributed in the tropics and subtropics,

and some species also occur in temperate regions. Most species are epiphytic

on bark and leaves in shaded and humid environments, while a substantial

minority are saxicolous (McCarthy 2000, 2003, 2013; Licking & al. 2001;

Licking 2008). The genus is characterized by its crustose thallus, perithecioid

ascomata, unbranched paraphyses, functionally unitunicate apically thin-

walled clavate-cylindrical asci, and transversely septate to muriform hyaline

ascospores with thin walls and septa.

Porinaceae includes nearly 400 species (McCarthy 2003, 2013; Licking

2008; Licking & al. 2017; Sobreira & al. 2018). The generic concepts in the

family are much in flux and a final consensus has not yet been reached. Some

authors maintain a more conservative classification, mostly considering

Porina and Trichothelium Mull. Arg. as the main genera (McCarthy 2003,

2013; Liicking 2008). However, most prefer to divide the family into smaller

genera, primarily because of the large number of species in Porina (Hafellner

& Kalb 1995, Harris 1995, McCarthy 1995, McCarthy & Elix 1996, McCarthy

& Malcolm 1997, Licking & al. 2017, Sobreira & al. 2018).

840 ... Liu & al.

Porina includes more than 300 species worldwide according to McCarthy

(2013), and 45 taxa are known from China (Wei 1991, Aptroot & Seaward

1999, Aptroot & Sipman 2001, Aptroot 2003, Aptroot & al. 2003, Liu &

Wei 2013, Liu & Zhao 2019). Here, we present new Chinese records of

three Porina species based on our study of specimens recently collected in

southern China.

Materials & methods

The specimens are deposited in the Herbarium Mycologicum Academiae

Sinicae — Lichenes, Beijing, China (HMAS-L) and the Fungarium of the College

of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China (LCUF). Morphological

characters were examined and photographed using Olympus SZX16 dissecting

microscopes. Anatomical characters were studied and _ photographically

documented using an Olympus BX53 compound microscope. Thalli were tested

using K (a 10% aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide). Lichen substances were

analyzed using standardized thin layer chromatography (TLC) (Orange & al. 2010,

Jia & Wei 2016).

Taxonomy

Porina internigrans (Nyl.) Mill. Arg.,

Rep. Australas. Assoc. Advancem. Sci. 6: 452 (1895) FIG. 1A-C

THALLUS crustose, epiperidermal, continuous to sparingly rimose,

somewhat glossy, yellowish green to yellowish brown, incrusted with calcium

oxalate crystals. PROTHALLUS dark brown or absent. PHOTOBIONT a species of

Trentepohlia, cells angular-rounded, irregularly arranged, 5-8.5 x 5-6.5 um.

PERITHECIA numerous, immersed in thallus-dominated verrucae; verrucae

0.5-0.9 mm diam., hemispherical with lightly spreading base, usually solitary,

concolorous with the thallus usually for the most part, with broad black spot

around ostiole, 0.1-0.3 mm wide, in a shallow depression or flattened at apices,

with inconspicuous ostioles. INVOLUCRELLUM apical to dimidiate, reddish

brown, extending to the middle of the exciple, K+ orange-red, 16-50 um thick.

ExcipLe 15-40 um thick, yellowish brown, K+ pale orange-red. CENTRUM

400-420 um wide. Ascr cylindrical, 210-218 x 32-37 um. AscosporEs broadly

fusiform, (11-)13(-17)-septate, 89-116 x 12-18 um; perispore apparent, 2-4

um thick. PycNIDIA not seen.

CuHEMIsTRY: Thallus UV-, K+ brown. No lichen substances detected with

Ee:

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: CHINA. GUIZHOU PROVINCE, Duyun City, Doupeng

Mountain Reserve, Old Post Road, alt. 1154 m, on bark, 17/III/2018, X.H. Wu (LCUF

Porina spp. new for China... 841

Se FSo WSS

Seah TNS

Fic. 1. Porina internigrans (LCUF, Wu GZ18144). A. Thallus with perithecia; B. Cross

section of perithecium in water; C. Ascospore. Porina kamerunensis (HMAS-L 119188-3).

D. Thallus with perithecia; E. Cross section of perithecium in water; F Ascus and ascospores.

Porina subrubrosphaera (HMAS-L 20190443). G. Thallus with perithecia; H. Cross section of

perithecium in water; I. Asci and ascospores. Scale bars: A, D = 0.5 mm; B = 100 um; C, K.1= 10 um;

E, H = 50 um; G = 0.2 mm.

- Wu GZ18144). GUANGDONG PROVINCE, Shixing County, Chebaling National

Nature Reserve, Sanjiaotang, alt. 420 m, on bark, 19/III/2019, S.H. Jiang, C. Zhang

(HMAS-L 20190651).

EcoLocy & DISTRIBUTION: On tree bark. Southwestern and southern China.

Palaeotropical (McCarthy 2001) and neotropical (McCarthy 2013).

REMARKS: Morphologically, Porina internigrans resembles P. bellendenica

Mill. Arg., which differs in having smaller asci, smaller ascospores, and

a thin perispore. The ascospores of our specimens tend to be larger than

Australian material of P internigrans (51-92 x 9-17 um; McCarthy 1994,

2001), but almost identical to the size range of Japanese collections (62-116

x 7-15 um; Harada 2016).

842 ... Liu & al.

Porina kamerunensis F. Schill., Hedwigia 67: 289 (1927) FIG. 1D-F

THALLUS crustose, foliicolous, dispersed into radial and roundish patches,

smooth and slightly glossy, yellowish green to yellowish brown. PROTHALLUS

silvery white or absent. PHOTOBIONT cells rectangular, forming radiating plates,

7-8.5 x 2.6-3.2 um. PERITHECIA superficial, lens-shaped, base spreading, the

centre conical, dark greyish black to black, slightly glossy, 0.25-0.5 mm diam.;

apex a black cap; ostiole inconspicuous. INVOLUCRELLUM black to violet-black

in thin section, K—, 28-38 um thick. ExcipLe 10-20 um thick, yellowish brown,

K-. CENTRUM c. 150 um. Asci cylindrical to obclavate, 53-66 x 11.7-14 um.

Ascosports elliptical to bacilliform, 3-septate, 17-23 x 3.7-4.6 um; perispore

not apparent. PYCNIDIA not seen.

CuHeEmistTry: Thallus UV-, K+ pale yellow brown. No lichen substances

detected with TLC.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: CHINA. HAINAN PROVINCE, Ledong City, Jianfengling, alt.

150 m, on leaf, 21/V/2007, Q.E Meng M283 (HMAS-L 119188-3); Mt. Bawangling, alt.

820 m, on leaf, 31/VII/2009, Z.F. Jia (HMAS-L 119189).

EcoLocy & DISTRIBUTION: On leaves. Southern China. Pantropical (Liicking

2008).

REMARKS: Morphologically, this species resembles P chrysophora (Stirt.)

R. Sant., which differs in the central part of the perithecia being lens-shaped

and the photobiont cells irregularly arranged. It is also similar to P oxneri

R. Sant., which differs in its smaller perithecia (0.15-0.25 mm) without

a spreading base and its greyish black, matte thallus (Licking 2004). The

ascospores of our specimens tend to be larger than material from Mexico

and Costa Rica (14-20 x 2.5-4 um; Liicking 2008), but almost identical to

Australian collections (15-24 x 3-4.5 um; McCarthy 2001).

Porina subrubrosphaera Kurok., J. Jap. Bot. 33: 206 (1958) FIG. 1G-1

THALLUS crustose, foliicolous, continuous, smooth and slightly glossy,

pale greyish green. PROTHALLUS absent. PHOTOBIONT cells angular-rounded,

irregularly arranged, 4-9 x 2.5-5.5 um. PERITHECIA superficial, lens-shaped to

wart-shaped or hemispherical with a slightly spreading base, 0.1-0.2 mm diam.,

dark red-brown; apex a dark red; ostiole inconspicuous. INVOLUCRELLUM apical

to dimidiate, red-brown, extending to the base of the exciple, K+ orange-red,

10-25 um thick. ExcrpLe 5-11 um thick, yellowish brown, K+ pale orange-red.

CENTRUM 77-84 um wide. Asci obclavate, 41-58 x 7-9.8 um. ASCOSPORES

oblong, 3-septate, 13-18.6 x 2.5-3.4 um, 4.6-6.6 times as long as broad;

perispore inconspicuous. PYCNIDIA not seen.

Porina spp. new for China ... 843

CHEMIsTRY: Thallus UV-, K+ brown. No lichen substances detected with

(UR oe

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: CHINA. FujIAN PROVINCE, Wuyishan City, Shibazhai Scenic

Area, alt. 500 m, on leaf, 16/III/2019, W.C Wang (HMAS-L 20190436; HMAS-L

20190443); Longchuan Grand Canyon, alt. 400 m, on leaf, 16/III/2019, W.C Wang

(HMAS-L 20190411; HMAS-L 20190419).

EcoLtoGy & DISTRIBUTION: On leaves. Southern China. Japan, Thailand

(McCarthy 2013).

REMARKS: This species is characterized by its greenish thallus with non-

radiating photobiont, dark red-brown perithecia, and its oblong and 3-septate

ascospores. It is closely related to Porina limbulata (Kremp.) Vain., which has a

yellowish thallus with radiating photobiont cells, larger perithecia (0.2-0.4 mm

diam.), and larger ascospores (21-27 x 3-5 um; Lucking 1996, 2008). Another

similar species, P. rubentior (Stirt.) Mull. Arg., has lens-shaped perithecia

that are glossy or slightly translucent, while photobiont cells are rectangular,

in radiating plates (Liicking 2008). Porina subrubrosphaera is also similar to

P. leptospermoides Mill. Arg., which has lens-shaped to applanately conical

with spreading base and blackish red perithecia (Licking 1996, 2008). The

ascospores of our specimens are similar to the size range of Japanese materials

(17-18 x 3 um), which differ by having a broader centrum (100-150 um) and

larger asci (55-75 um; Kurokawa 1958; Thor & al. 2000).

Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China

(31700018 & 31750001). The authors are grateful to the presubmission reviewers Dr.

Robert Liicking (Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum, Freie Universitat Berlin)

and Dr. Patrick M. McCarthy (Australian Capital Territory, Australia) for reading and

improving the manuscript. The authors are grateful to the Herbarium Mycologicum

Academiae Sinicae-Lichenes (HMAS-L), Beijing, China for the loan of specimens.

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lichenicolous Ascomycetes from Yunnan and Taiwan. Mycotaxon 88: 41-47.

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161-186.

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33(7): 206-207.

Liu FY, Zhao X. 2019. Research progress of taxonomy on Porinaceae (Ascomycota: Ostropales).

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Liu M, Wei JC. 2013. Lichen diversity in Shapotou region of Tengger Desert, China.

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rufula aggregate. Plant Biology 109 (3): 248-260.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1438-8677.1996.tb00570.x

Licking R. 2004. A revised key to foliicolous Porinaceae (Ascomycota: Trichotheliales).

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fungi from Australasia, with an updated checklist for continental Australia. Lichenologist

33(3): 195-210. https://doi.org/10.1006/lich.2000.03 16

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Ascomycota and Basidiomycota - Approaching one thousand genera. Bryologist 119(4):

361-416. https://doi.org/10.1639/0007-2745-119.4.361

McCarthy PM. 1994. Corticolous species of Porina (lichenized Ascomycotina, Trichotheliaceae)

in Australial. Nova Hedwigia 58(3/4): 391-403.

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27: 321-350. https://doi.org/10.1006/lich.1995.0032

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278 p.

MY COTAXON

October-December 2020—Volume 135, pp. 845-852

https://doi.org/10.5248/135.845

First report of Hericium cirrhatum from Pakistan

JUNAID KHAN’, HASSAN SHER’, SHAH HusSAIN’, ABDUL NASIR KHALID?

‘Center for Plant Sciences and Biodiversity, University of Swat, Pakistan

? Department of Botany, University of the Punjab,

Quaid-e-Azam campus, Lahore, Pakistan

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: junaid.botany@gmail.com

ABSTRACT—Hericium cirrhatum, a widespread but locally rare tooth fungus is reported for

the first time from Pakistan. This species is characterized by white to cream semicircular

basidiomata (usually arranged in tiers) with a granular to slightly spiny sterile upper surface,

a fertile under surface with 10-15 mm long pointed spines, and ellipsoid to subglobose

basidiospores. Morphological characters and DNA sequence analyses inferred from the

nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (nrITS) confirm the identity of the

taxon.

Key worps — Basidiomycota, Hericiaceae, macrofungi, new reports, Swat District

Introduction

Hericium Pers. (Hericiaceae) is a saprotrophic genus with worldwide

distribution. Macroscopically it is characterized by annual fleshy basidiomata

with spiny hymenial surfaces. Important microscopical characters include

thick-walled, amyloid, globose to ellipsoid basidiospores, a monomitic

hyphal system with clamp-connections, and scattered gloeocystidia (Das

& al. 2011). In Pakistan, it is represented by four species: H. caput-ursi

(Fr.) Banker, H. clathroides (Pall.) Pers., H. coralloides (Scop.) Pers., and

H. erinaceus (Bull.) Pers. (Ahmad & al. 1997). During macrofungal surveys

in 2015-17 we collected H. cirrhatum from two different sites in district

Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. These constitute the first records of

H. cirrhatum from Pakistan.

846 ... Khan & al.

District Swat, a floristically blessed land, lies in extreme northern Pakistan

in the Malakand division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. It is located at

34°34’-35°55’N 72°08’-72°50’E, covering an estimated area of 5737 km’.

The region is predominantly mountainous with the highest peak of Falak

Sar towering almost 6000 m a.s.l. (Barinova & al. 2013). The region is humid,

with mild summers, an average annual rainfall >1000 mm, and an 18°C mean

annual temperature (Adnan & al. 2006). Annually June (mean maximum

temperature = 33°C) is the hottest month and January (mean minimum

temperature = -2°C) is the coldest (Barinova & al. 2013). Variations in

altitude and exposure greatly modify the climatic conditions within the area.

On the basis of altitude, climate, and vegetation, the area can be divided

into many climatic and vegetation zones varying from sub-tropical Pinus

roxburghii Sarg. (chirr pine) forests to alpine pastures and meadows. Forests

within the survey area are lush green with humus rich floor supporting large

numbers of macrofungi.

Materials and methods

Specimen collection and morphological characterization

Specimens were collected during routine macrofungal forays around Ingaro

Dherai village, District Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan and photographed in

their natural habitat using Canon Power shot A470 camera; important morphological

characters were noted in the field. GPS data were retrieved using a Model 590 Garmin

Zumo. The specimens were sun dried, put in zip lock bags and kept in freezer for

two weeks to kill any insect larvae. Properly dried collections were deposited in

Herbarium, University of Swat, Mingora, Pakistan (SWAT) and in Herbarium,

University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan (LAH).

Herbarium specimens were examined microscopically using a BOECO Model

BM120 light microscope. After rehydration in distilled water, tissues were mounted

in 5% (w/v) KOH solution and stained in 1% Congo red aqueous solution. Melzer’s

reagent was used to indicate amyloidy of the basidiospores and hyphae. Basidiospore,

basidial, and hyphal dimensions were calculated from averages of 20 randomly

selected samples from all available basidiomata. Measurements were obtained

using Piximetre calibrated software. Values in parentheses represent extremes,

Q = length/breadth ratio of individual spores, Qe = average length/breadth ratio of all

spores from all basidiomata, and Me = average spore measurements. Microscopical

characters were drawn using a camera Lucida.

Molecular characterization

DNA extraction followed Porebski & al. (1997). The universal primer pair ITS1F

and ITS 4 (White & al. 1990; Gardes & Bruns 1993) was used to amplify the nrDNA

Internal Transcribed Spacer region (ITS) comprising ITS1, 5.88, and ITS2 following

Hericium cirrhatum newly recorded for Pakistan ... 847

Outgroup

100 FR686559 Heterobasidion annosum

Lee 93 Heferobasidion sp.

EU784261 Hericium cirhatum

MN513042 Hericium cirrhatum H. cirrhatum

AF506385 Hericium cihatum

EU784262 Hericium coralloides

AY534584 Hericium coralloides H. coralloides

JF430072 Hericium coralioides

AY534590 Hericium erinaceus

DQ185911 Hericium erinaceus

KP004980 Hericium erinaceus

AB084622 Hervicium erinaceus

JF430068 Hericium erinaceus

DQ185904 Hericium erinaceus eRe

DQ185917 Hericium erinaceus

D@185912 Hericium erinaceus

DQ185915 Hericium erinaceus

GU566757 Hericium erinaceus

JN185603 Hericium bharengense | H, bharengense

MH890521 Hericium rajendrae | H, rajendrae

AY534581 Hericium americanum —|_H. americanum

JN201334 Hericium abietis

JF430067 Hevicium abietis H. abietis

JF430070 Hericiuum abietis

- JQ716936 Hencium aipestre

JQ718937 Hericium alpestre

| H. alpestre

0.03

Fic. 1. nrITS based maximum likelihood analysis of Hericium cirrhatum and related taxa using

RAXML-VI-HPC. Pakistani collection is presented in bold. Bootstrap values =>50% are given

above nodes.

Gardes & Bruns (1993). The PCR amplified product was sequenced by Beijing

Genomic Institute (Hong Kong).

The consensus sequence was generated from both forward and reverse primer

reads using BioEdit (Hall 1999) and compared with other sequences in the GenBank

using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) on the NCBI website. Closely

matching unpublished and published sequences (Das & al. 2011, Hallenberg & al.

2013, Singh & Das 2019) were downloaded for phylogenetic analysis. Heterobasidion

annosum (FR686559) and Heterobasidion sp. (FJ627193) were selected as outgroup

taxa following Hallenberg & al. (2013). The downloaded sequences were aligned

using Multiple Sequence Alignment Search tool (Muscle) and Clustal X2 (Larkin

& al. 2007).

848 ... Khan & al.

Maximum Likelihood analyses were performed using CIPRES and run in

RAXML-VI-HPC (Stamatakis 2006) using the G[RCAT model. Branch support was

calculated by 1000 bootstrap replicates.

Phylogenetic analysis

BLAST analysis of the 572 bp ING-26 consensus sequence (FIG 1)

showed 99% similarity with Creolophus cirrhatus (Pers.) P. Karst. [=Hericium

cirrhatum] GenBank EU784261 (from Britain) and AF506385 (from

Sweden).

The 26 nucleotide sequences used for phylogenetic analysis represented

eight ingroup taxa and two outgroup taxa. After trimming and aligning, the

final dataset comprised 548 total sites, of which 142 were variable and 109

parsimony informative. Maximum likelihood analysis nested the Pakistani

collection with Hericium cirrhatum from Britain and Sweden, confirming its

identity as H. cirrhatum.

Taxonomy

Hericium cirrhatum (Pers.) Nikol., Acta Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci.

USSR Plant. Crypt., Ser. 2, 6: 343. 1950. Fics 2, 3

BasIDIOMA 70-100 mm across, shelf-like, mostly in lateral tiers attached

at the base, semicircular to irregular, soft to touch when fresh, hardening

upon drying, pure white at first, then turning cream colored, and finally

drying brown. UPPER SURFACE granulose to echinulate with small sterile

spines; margin thin and spinose. UNDER SURFACE spiny; spines 10-15 mm

long, pointed with tapering ends, close, white to creamy at first then turning

pinkish and finally brownish on drying. Context concolorous to the exterior,

dry to moist, fibrous, 20-30 mm thick at the center and 5-15 mm at the edge.

STIPE absent.

BASIDIOSPORES (3-)3.1-3.7(-3.9) x (2.2-)2.3-2.9(-3.2) um, Q = 1.2-1.4,

Me = 3.4 x 2.7 um, Qe = 1.3, broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid in side view,

subglobose to ovoid in face view, smooth, with apiculus, amyloid, hyaline in

KOH. Basip1a tetrasporic, 30-40 x 4-6 um, slender, smooth, basal clamp

connections present, hyaline in KOH. CONTEXTUAL HYPHAE <5 um in

diameter, thick-walled, with clamp-connections. GLOEOPLEROUS HYPHAE 4-9

um in diameter, frequent, present in both trama and context. GLOEOCYSTIDIA

75-110 x 6-9 um, scattered, sinuous.

MATERIAL EXAMINED: PAKISTAN, KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, Swat district, Ingaro

Dherai, village 34°47’19”N 72°19’28’E, 920 maz.s.l., saprobic on decomposing Populus

Hericium cirrhatum newly recorded for Pakistan ... 849

Fic. 2. Hericium cirrhatum basidiomata, showing different collections and stages of

development. a—c. ING-26 (SWAT001359); d. ING-33 (SWAT001364).

stump, 30 April 2015, Junaid Khan ING-26 (SWAT001359; GenBank MN513042);

Ingaro Dherai, 34°47’11”N 72°19’37’E, 925 m a.s.l., in decaying cavities of standing

Populus tree, 7 August 2015, Junaid Khan ING-33 (SWAT001364).

Discussion

Hericium species are generally rare and grow on wood of broadleaved

trees (Boddy & al. 2011). Among the different Hericium species,

H. cirrhatum is rarely documented, and the species has been considered very

rare in Britain (Evans & al. 2007, Reilly 2011), Germany, Russia (Volobuev

2013), and most of Europe (Parfitt & al. 2005). In Asia, H. cirrhatum has

been reported from India (Das & Sharma 2009) and Japan (Crockatt 2008),

with no previous reports of this species from Pakistan (Ahmad & al. 1997).

Our collections represent a new record for Pakistani mycoflora.

Hericium cirrhatum commonly grows on fallen or cut trunks and

branches, and damaged parts of standing trees of Fagus sylvatica L.,

Quercus spp., Acer spp., Betula spp. (Boddy & al. 2011), Populus tremula

850 ... Khan & al.

Fic. 3. Hericium cirrhatum (SWAT001359). a. Basidiospores; b. Basidia; c. Gloeoplerous

hyphae; d. Contextual hyphae; e. Gloeocystidia. Scale bar: a = 2 um; b-e = 8 um.

L. (Volobuev 2013), and Alnus nepalensis D. Don (Das & Sharma 2009).

In our study area, all samples were growing on decomposing stumps or

damaged parts of standing Populus trees, which is in accordance with the

Russian collections.

Morphologically, the present Pakistani collections agree well with the

description of H. cirrhatum by Das & Sharma (2009). Hericium cirrhatum

most closely resembles H. erinaceus, which is distinguished by longer and

more compact spines and more or less circular and fleshier basidiomata.

Hericium caput-ursi, another closely related species can be distinguished by

a branched basidioma with spines hanging in tufts from branch tips.

Distribution data of globally rare taxa are useful, especially from a

conservation standpoint. New data calibrate the criteria available for red

data listing and help reassess the status of some species (Boddy & al. 2011).

Hericium cirrhatum newly recorded for Pakistan ... 851

The present report extends the global distribution of Hericium cirrhatum,

but further studies are recommended to refine the distribution range of this

species within Pakistan and in adjoining countries.

Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Dr. Lorenzo Pecoraro (School of Pharmaceutical Science &

Technology, Tianjin University, China) and Dr. Sana Jabeen, Division of Science

and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan) for reviewing this

manuscript. Our sincere thanks to Dr. Kanad Das (Head of Office, Botanical survey

of India) for his valuable comments and suggestion for shaping this manuscript and

to Dr. Else Vellinga (Berkeley, California, USA) for additional guidance.

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NWEP, Pakistan. Lyonia 11(2): 91-100.

Ahmad §S, Iqbal S, Khalid AN. 1997. Fungi of Pakistan. Sultan Ahmad Mycological Society

of Pakistan, Lahore. 248 p.

Barinova S, Ali N, Barkatullah, Sarim FM. 2013. Ecological adaptation to altitude of algal

communities in the Swat Valley (Hindu Cush Mountains, Pakistan). Expert Opinion on

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and H. erinaceus in the UK. Fungal Ecology 4: 163-173.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funeco.2010.10.001

Crockatt ME. 2008. Ecology of the rare oak polypore Piptoporus quercinus and the tooth fungi

Hericium cirrhatum, H. coralloides, and H. erinaceus in the UK. PhD thesis submitted to the

Cardiff University, UK.

Das K, Sharma RJ. 2009. Hericium cirrhatum (Pers.) Nikol. a new record to Indian mycoflora.

Kavaka 37/38: 17-19.

Das K, Stalpers J, Eberhardt U. 2011. A new species of Hericium from Sikkim Himalaya (India).

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program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symposium Series 41: 95-98.

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Agaricomycota) and a new species—Hericium rajchenbergii—from southern South

America. Mycological progress 12(2): 413-420. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-012-0848-4

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and Clustal X version 2.0. Bioinformatics 23: 2947-2948.

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wood where traditional approaches fail. Mycological Research 109(11): 1187-1194.

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MY COTAXON

October-December 2020— Volume 135, pp. 853-860

https://doi.org/10.5248/135.853

Beltrania nodulosa sp. nov. from Ecuador

ADELA QUEVEDO’, DAYNET SOSA’, MARCOS VERA’,

FERNANDO ESPINOZA’, FREDDY MAGDAMA’, LIZETTE SERRANO’,

MIRIAN VILLAVICENCIO’, RAFAEL F. CASTANEDA-RUIZ?

' Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, (CIBE),

Campus Gustavo Galindo Km. 30.5 Via Perimetral,

PO. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador

?Instituto de Investigaciones Fundamentales en Agricultura Tropical (INIFAT),

Alejandro de Humboldt, Calle 1 Esq. 2, Santiago de Las Vegas,

La Habana, Cuba, C.P. 17200

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: dasosa@espol.edu.ec

ABSTRACT— Beltrania nodulosa, a new species found on a decaying leaf of an unidentified

plant in Ecuador, is described and illustrated. The fungus is characterized by cylindrical-

nodulose conidiophores and primarily monoblastic integrated mostly intercalary nodose

conidiogenous cells. Its solitary and mostly pleurogenous broadly biconic to rhombic conidia

are obtuse or rounded at the apex and inconspicuously mammillate at the base below the

inconspicuous transverse supra-equatorial hyaline band.

KEY wWoRDS—asexual fungi, hyphomycetes, taxonomy, tropics

Introduction

Beltrania Penz. (typified by B. rhombica Penz.) is characterized by

conidiophores that are cylindrical, septate, straight or flexuous, apically

acute with a radially lobed basal cell, macronematous, mononematous, and

pale olive-yellow, pale brown, or brown and which usually arise close to

dark brown or black setae. The conidiogenous cells are polyblastic, terminal,

integrated, sympodially extended, and denticulate at the ends, usually

producing variously shaped (oval, broadly fusiform, obovate) inflated or

collapsed, (sub)hyaline separating cells. The solitary pale yellow-olivaceous

854 ... Quevedo & al.

Beltrania nodulosa sp. nov. (Ecuador) ... 855

to reddish-brown conidia are rhombic or biconic and unicellular (but with an

indistinct pale brown, (supra)equatorial transverse band), usually with some

sort of basal denticle and an apex that is either obtuse or rostrate (Pirozynski

1963, Seifert & al. 2011). During a survey of hyphomycetes associated with

plant litter from the tropical rainforest at the Rio Palenque Scientific Center

near the Canton Buena Fé, Los Rios province (Fic. 1), we collected a Beltrania

specimen that differed remarkably from all previously named species (Zheng

& al. 2020) and which we describe here as new.

Materials & methods

Samples of decaying plant materials were collected and placed in plastic bags

for transporting to the laboratory, where they were washed, treated according to

Castanieda-Ruiz & al. (2016), and placed in moist chambers. Mounts were prepared

either in lactic acid (90%) or in polyvinyl alcohol-glycerol (8 g PVA in 100 ml H,O

+ 5 ml glycerol) and lactofuchsin (0.1 g acid fuchsin in 100 ml 85% lactic acid)

following Carmichael (1955). Features were measured at 1000x magnification

and photographed using a Zeiss Axioskop 40 microscope with bright field optics.

The type specimen is deposited in the herbarium of the Culture Collection of

Microorganisms, CIBE, Guayaquil, Ecuador. (CCMCIBE).

Taxonomy

Beltrania nodulosa R.F. Castafieda, Quevedo & D. Sosa, sp. nov. FIGS 2- 4

IF 557074

Differs from Beltrania onirica by its nodulose and primarily monoblastic intercalary

conidiogenous cells and its broadly biconic to rhombic pale yellowish-brown conidia

with obtuse or rounded apices.

Type: Ecuador, Los Rios province, Canton Buena Fé, Parroquia Patricia Pilar, 0°35 45 S

79°21 49 W, on decaying leaf of an unidentified plant. 18.III.2019, coll. A. Quevedo,

M. Vera & EF. Espinoza (Holotype, CCMCIBE-H549).

ErymMo coey: nodulosa (Latin) referring to the inflated, nodulose conidiogenous cells.

COLONIES on the natural substrate effuse, hairy pustule-like, hypophyllous,

yellowish-brown. Mycelium mostly immersed; hyphae septate, slightly

branched, smooth, 1-2 um diam., pale brown. SETAE cylindrical, erect,

straight, 5-8(-11)-septate, subacute or rounded at the apex, radially lobed

at the base, smooth-walled, dark brown to black, <450 um long, 25-30 um

broad at the base. CONIDIOPHORES macronematous, mononematous, erect,

Fic. 1. A~B. Mycological survey in the protected rainforest near the Canton Palenque, Los Rios

province, Ecuador. C. Team in the laboratory (from left): Fernando Espinoza, Miriam Villavicencio,

Adela Quevedo, Rafael F. Castafieda-Ruiz, Lizette Serrano, and Marcos Vera.

856 ... Quevedo & al.

Fic. 2. Beltrania nodulosa, (ex holotype, CCMCIBE-H549). A. Seta; B, C. Setae, conidiophores,

conidiogenous cells, and a conidium; D-F. Basal sections of the conidiophore and setae; G-J.

Radial lobed basal cells of the setae and conidiophores.

Beltrania nodulosa sp. nov. (Ecuador) ... 857

Fic. 3. Beltrania nodulosa, (ex holotype, CCMCIBE-H549). A-C. Conidiogenous cells.

858 ... Quevedo & al.

Fic. 4. Beltrania nodulosa (ex holotype, CCMCIBE-H549). A-C. Conidia;

D. Conidiogenous cells. E. Conidiogenous cells and conidia.

Beltrania nodulosa sp. nov. (Ecuador) ... 859

flexuous, cylindrical below, unbranched, irregularly nodulose toward the

apex, radially lobed at the base, 6-12-septate, smooth-walled, pale yellowish-

brown, 215-350 x 6-13 um, separate or 1-3 arising from basal cells of setae.

CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS primarily monoblastic (sometimes polyblastic),

integrated, intercalary and terminal, nodulose, inflated, clavate or subclavate,

12-21 x 6-13 um with a conspicuous lateral 0.5-1 um long denticle.

CONIDIAL SECESSION Sschizolytic. CONIDIA solitary, acropleurogenous (mostly

pleurogenous), inequilaterally broadly biconic to broadly rhombic, obtuse to

rounded at the apex, inconspicuously mammillate at the base and with a faint

transverse supra-equatorial hyaline band, smooth-walled, pale yellowish-

brown to pale smoky-brown, 22-30 x 11-20 um.

Notes: Among accepted Beltrania species only B. eremochloae Meng Zhang

& TY. Zhang and B. onirica Lunghini, which lack separating cells and a

distinct, differentiated apical appendage, are similar to B. nodulosa (Onofri &

al. 1981, Zhang & Zhang 2003, Zheng & al. 2020). Beltrania eremochloae can

be distinguished by its consistently polyblastic and terminal conidiogenous

cells and its smaller (18-22 x 7-10 um) biconic-campanulate apically

appendiculate olive-buff conidia. Beltrania onirica differs in its consistently

polyblastic conidiogenous cells and its smaller (19-21 x 11.5-12.5 um)

conic-campanulate apically appendiculate deep olive-buff conidia.

Acknowledgments

We are indebted to Dr. De-Wei Li and Dr. Jian Ma for their critical reviews. The

authors thank to Mr. Vicente Wong and Mr. James Jensen for facilities and permission

to collect samples in the private protected forest and Rio Palenque Scientific Center.

The authors are grateful to Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral (ESPOL), CIBE,

for financial support and the International Society for Fungal Conservation for

facilities. RFCR is grateful to the Cuban Ministry of Agriculture. We acknowledge

the websites provided by Dr. P.M. Kirk (Index Fungorum) and Dr. K. Bensch

(MycoBank). Dr. Lorelei L. Norvell’s editorial review and Dr. Shaun Pennycook’s

nomenclature review are greatly appreciated.

Literature cited

Carmichael JW. 1955. Lacto-fuchsin: a new medium for mounting fungi. Mycologia 47: 611.

Castafieda-Ruiz RE, Heredia G, Gusmao LFP, Li DW. 2016. Fungal diversity of Central and

South America. 197-217, in: DW Li (ed.). Biology of Microfungi. Springer International

Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29137-6_9

Onofri S, Lunghini D, Rambelli A, Lustrati L. 1981. New dematiaceous hyphomycetes from

tropical rain forest litter. Mycotaxon 13: 331-338.

860 ... Quevedo & al.

Pirozynski KA. 1963. Beltrania and related genera. Mycological Papers 90. 110 p.

Seifert K, Morgan-Jones G, Gams W, Kendrick B. 2011. The genera of hyphomycetes. CBS

Biodiversity Series 9. 997 p.

Zhang M, Zhang TY. 2003. A new species of Beltrania (hyphomycetes) from China. Mycosystema

227920-521.

Zheng H, Yang XQ, Deng JS, Xu JP, Yu ZF. 2020. Beltrania sinensis sp. nov., an endophytic

fungus from China and a key to species of the genus. International Journal of Systematic

and Evolutionary Microbiology 70(2): 1178-1185. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.003897

MY COTAXON

October-December 2020— Volume 135, pp. 861-868

https://doi.org/10.5248/135.861

Bactrodesmium chinense and B. lushanense spp. nov.

and B. novageronense newly recorded from China

XuU-GEN SHI’, ZHAO-HUAN Xu’, WEN-XIU SUN?, JI- WEN XIA4,

X1u-Guo ZHANG‘, RAFAEL E, CASTANEDA-RUIZ°, JIAN Ma*?*

‘College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University,

Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China

? Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Fungal Resources,

Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China

* College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China

* Department of Plant Pathology, Shandong Agricultural University,

Taian, Shandong 271018, China

° Instituto de Investigaciones Fundamentales en Agricultura Tropical (INIFAT)

Alejandro de Humboldt’, Académico Titular de la Academia de Ciencias de Cuba,

Calle 1 Esq. 2, Santiago de Las Vegas, C. Habana, Cuba, C.P. 17200

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: majian821210@163.com jxaumj@126.com

AsBsTRACT—Three specimens of Bactrodesmium were collected on dead branches of

unidentified plants from subtropical forests in Jiangxi, China. Two represent new species:

B. chinense is distinguished by its ellipsoidal to broadly fusiform 9-11-euseptate verrucose

reddish brown conidia with pale brown to subhyaline end cells; B. lushanense is characterized

by its variably shaped (obovoid, clavate, ellipsoid) verrucose dark brown to black conidia

with 3-6 dark-banded eusepta and paler basal cells. The third specimen represents,

B. novageronense, a new record for China. The three species are described, illustrated, and

compared with similar taxa.

KEY worDs—asexual fungi, hyphomycetes, saprobes, taxonomy

Introduction

Bactrodesmium Cooke was established by Cooke (1883) with Sporidesmium

abruptum Berk. & Broome [= B. abruptum (Berk. & Broome) E.W. Mason &

S. Hughes] later designated by Hughes (1958) as the type species. The genus

is characterized by scattered or clustered punctiform dark sporodochial

862 ... Shi & al.

conidiomata that sometimes become synnematal, inconspicuous fasciculate

hyaline to brown conidiophores, and solitary acrogenous variably shaped

(clavate, cylindrical, ellipsoidal or obovoid), euseptate conidia formed

from monoblastic integrated terminal determinate conidiogenous cells

(Ellis 1959, 1971; Seifert & al. 2011). Conidial secession is still not clearly

defined for Bactrodesmium (Zucconi & Lunghini 1997, Markovskaja 2006,

Koukol & Kolafova 2010). Although Zucconi & Lunghini (1997), who

critically examined an authentic exsiccatum specimen of S. abruptum

(Rabenhorst, Fungi Europaei 12: no.1163, 1868), suggested that conidial

secession in Bactrodesmium should be schizolytic, species with rhexolytic

conidial secession continue to be placed in Bactrodesmium (Cooper 2005,

Koukol & Kolarova 2010, Hernandez-Restrepo & al. 2013, Arias & al. 2016).

Consequently, the genus has become a heterogeneous assemblage with the

addition of unusual species with polyblastic conidiogenous cells (e.g., B.

diversum Hern.-Restr. & al.), distoseptate conidia (e.g., B. gabretae Koukol &

Kolarova) and even both euseptate and distoseptate conidia (e.g., B. rahmii

M.B. Ellis) (Ellis 1976, Koukol & Kolafova 2010, Hernandez-Restrepo & al.

2013). Thus, Bactrodesmium needs further taxonomic study.

Index Fungorum (2020) lists about 62 species and variety names in

Bactrodesmium, of which 48 are currently accepted, mostly described from

rotten wood, dead bark, and decaying twigs.

Bactrodesmium has been infrequently reported from China, with only

six species recorded (Lu & al. 2000, Zhao & al. 2009). During surveys of

saprobic microfungi in southern China, three specimens clearly related to

Bactrodesmium were collected on dead branches. Two of these are proposed

here as new species, B. chinense and B. lushanense, and the third was identified

as B. novageronense, a new record from China.

Materials & methods

Samples of dead branches were collected and placed in Ziploc™ plastic bags for

transport to the laboratory, where they were processed, and examined as described

by Ma & al. (2011). The material was photographed using a Nikon Eclipse E200

microscope with a 100x (oil immersion) objective and SmartV550Dc digital camera.

The microphotographs were assembled into plates using Adobe Photoshop 7.0.

Taxonomy

Bactrodesmium chinense Z.H. Xu, Jian Ma, R.F. Castaneda &

X.G. Zhang, sp. nov. FIG. 1

IF 557033

Bactrodesmium spp. nov. (China) ... 863

20 pm

20 um 3 |

C | F

20 pm | |

Fic. 1. Bactrodesmium chinense (holotype, HHAUP M0282).

A-C. Conidia; D-F. Conidiogenous cells (arrows).

Differs from Bactrodesmium ellipsoideum and B. submoniliforme by its larger

(9-)10(-11)-euseptate reddish brown conidia with pale brown to subhyaline end cells.

Type: China, Jiangxi Province, Jinggangshan Mountain, 26°40’N 114°16’E, on dead

branches of an unidentified broadleaf tree, 6 November 2014, J. Ma (Holotype, HJAUP

M0282).

Etymo oey: referring to China, where the fungus was collected.

SPORODOCHIA on dead branches scattered or clustered, punctiform, dark

brown. Mycelium immersed and superficial; hyphae branched, septate,

864 ... Shi & al.

smooth, subhyaline to pale brown. CONIDIOPHORES micronematous or

semi-macronematous, simple, smooth, comprising a single conidiogenous

cell. CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS monoblastic, integrated, terminal, determinate,

cylindrical, brown to pale brown, 5-13.5 x 5-6.5 um. Conidial secession

rhexolytic. ConipIA solitary, dry, acrogenous, ellipsoidal to broadly fusiform,

54-63.5 x 23.5-26.5 um, (9—)10(-11)-euseptate, verrucose, reddish brown

except for the pale brown to subhyaline cell at each end, apex rounded, base

truncate, 4.5-6.5 um diam.

CoMMENTS—In terms of conidial morphology, Bactrodesmium chinense is

most similar to B. ellipsoideum P.Rag. Rao and B. submoniliforme Hol.-Jech..

However, B. ellipsoideum conidia are smaller (30-42 x 9-12 um) and further

distinguished by their ellipsoidal to oval shape, subhyaline to yellowish brown

color, and fewer (5-6) eusepta (Rao 1983), while B. submoniliforme conidia

are also smaller [(25-)30-42.5(-45) x (6-)7-10(-12.5) um] and differ in

their fewer [(5-)8-10] eusepta, pale brown to brown color, pale to hyaline

apical cell, and pale brown to subhyaline basal cell (Holubova-Jechova 1972).

Listeromyces insignis Penz. & Sacc. is superficially similar to B. chinense in

conidial morphology, but its conidia secede by schizolytic fracture (Goos

1971, Seifert & al. 2011).

Bactrodesmium lushanense Z.H. Xu, Jian Ma, R.E Castafieda &

X.G. Zhang, sp. nov. Fic. 2

IF 557034

Differs from Bactrodesmium palmicola and B. microleucurum in _ its

(3-)5(-6)-euseptate dark brown to black conidia with paler basal cells; differs

additionally from B. microleucurum in its verrucose conidia.

Type: China, Jiangxi Province, Lushan Mountain, 29°33’N 115°58’E, on dead branches

of an unidentified broadleaf tree, 18 October 2016, J. Ma (Holotype, HHAUP M0455).

EryMo_oey: refers to Lushan Mountain, where the fungus was collected.

SPORODOCHIA on dead branches scattered or clustered, punctiform, dark

brown. Mycelium immersed and superficial; hyphae branched, septate,

smooth, subhyaline to pale brown. CONIDIOPHORES micronematous or semi-

macronematous, simple or branched, smooth, 0-2-septate, pale brown to

brown, <25 um long, 2.5-3 um diam. CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS monoblastic,

integrated, terminal, determinate, cylindrical. Conidial secession rhexolytic.

Conlipi< solitary, acrogenous, dry, obovoid, clavate or ellipsoid, (3-)5(-6)

euseptate, septa forming dark bands, (14—)25.5-41.5 x (7.5-)14-18.5 um,

dark brown to black, basal cell paler, verrucose, apex rounded, base truncate,

2-2.5 um diam.

Bactrodesmium spp. nov. (China) ... 865

Fic. 2. Bactrodesmium lushanense (holotype, HJAUP M0455).

A-E. Conidiophores, conidiogenous cells (arrows) and conidia;

E. Developing conidia; G. Conidia.

COMMENTS—Bactrodesmium lushanense most closely resembles B. palmicola

Mercado & al. and B. microleucurum (Speg.) M.B. Ellis in conidial shape.

However, B. palmicola is distinguished by its 3-4-euseptate, brown conidia

with paler basal cells and black apical cells (Mercado-Sierra & al. 1995); and

B. microleucurum is distinguished by its 2-5-euseptate, smooth, larger (30-48

x 18-25 um) conidia with wider bases (4-5 um diam.; Ellis 1965).

866 ... Shi & al.

Fic. 3. Bactrodesmium novageronense (HJAUP M0225).

A. Sporodochium; B-E. Conidiogenous cells and conidia; F. Conidia.

Bactrodesmium novageronense R.F. Castafieda,

Deuteromyc. Cuba, Hyphomyc. 2: 2, 1985. FIG. 3

SPORODOCHIA on dead branches scattered, pulvinate or punctiform,

golden olivaceous brown. Mycelium immersed and superficial; hyphae

branched, septate, smooth, subhyaline to very pale brown. CONIDIOPHORES

micronematous or semi-macronematous, aggregated, simple or branched,

smooth, 0-2-septate, subhyaline, <15 um long, 2-3 um diam. CONIDIOGENOUS

CELLS monoblastic, integrated or discrete, terminal, determinate, cylindrical,

hyaline. Conidial secession rhexolytic. Conrp1a solitary, dry, acrogenous,

pyriform, obovoid to subglobose, smooth, golden brown to pale brown, 12.5-

14.5 x 9-10.5 um, 1-euseptate, apical cell hemispherical, 7.5-10 x 9.5-10.5

um, basal cell cuneiform, 3.5-4.5 x 4-5.5 um, with a distinct 1.5-2.5 um wide

basal frill.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: CHINA, JIANGXI PROVINCE, Lushan Mountain,

29°33 N 115°58 E, on dead branches of unidentified broadleaf tree, 8 November

2014, J. Ma (HJAUP M0221, HJAUP M0225).

ComMMENTS—Bactrodesmium novageronense is reported for the first time from

China. It is most similar to B. simile R.M. Arias & al. in producing 1-euseptate

conidia, but B. simile is easily distinguished by its larger conidia (19-24 x

12-16 um; Arias & al. 2016). The Chinese collection fits well with the original

description of B. novageronense, but it has somewhat longer conidia than the

Cuban material (8-13 um; Castafieda-Ruiz 1985).

Bactrodesmium spp. nov. (China) ... 867

Acknowledgments

The authors express gratitude to Dr. Flavia Rodrigues Barbosa (Universidade

Federal de Mato Grosso, Sinop, Brazil) and Dr. Patricia Oliveira Fiuza (Universidade

Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Lagoa Nova, Brazil) for serving as pre-submission

reviewers and to Dr. Shaun Pennycook for nomenclatural review and Dr. Lorelei

Norvell for editorial review. This project was supported by the National Natural

Science Foundation of China (Nos. 31970018, 31760513, 31360011).

Literature cited

Arias RM, Heredia G, Castafieda-Ruiz RF. 2016. Two new species of Bactrodesmium and

Dictyoaquaphila from Mexico. Mycotaxon 131: 291-295. https://doi.org/10.5248/131.291

Castafeda-Ruiz RF. 1985. Deuteromycotina de Cuba, hyphomycetes, II. Instituto de

Investigaciones Fundamentales en Agricultura Tropical Alejandro de Humboldt, Habana,

Cuba. 23 p.

Cooke MC. 1883. Saccardo’s Sylloge Fungorum. Grevillea 12(61): 34-35.

Cooper JA. 2005. New Zealand hyphomycete fungi: additional records, new species,

and notes on interesting collections. New Zealand Journal of Botany 43: 323-349.

https://doi.org/10.1080/0028825X.2005.9512957

Ellis MB. 1959. Clasterosporium and some allied Dematiaceae-Phragmosporae. II. Mycological

Papers 72. 75 p.

Ellis MB. 1965. Dematiaceous hyphomycetes. VI. Mycological Papers 103. 46 p.

Ellis MB. 1971. Dematiaceous hyphomycetes. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew,

Surrey, England. 608 p.

Ellis MB. 1976. More dematiaceous hyphomycetes. Commonwealth Mycological Institute,

Kew, Surrey, England. 507 p.

Goos RD. 1971. Listeromyces insignis refound. Mycologia 63: 213-218.

https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1971.12019104

Hernandez-Restrepo M, Mena-Portales J, Gené J, Cano J, Guarro J. 2013. New

Bactrodesmiastrum and Bactrodesmium from decaying wood in Spain. Mycologia 105:

172-180. https://doi.org/10.3852/12-004

Holubova-Jechova V. 1972. Lignicolous hyphomycetes from Czechoslovakia. 2. Bactrodesmium.

Folia Geobotanica et Phytotaxonomica 7: 407-418. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02854768

Hughes SJ. 1958. Revisiones Hyphomycetum aliquot cum appendice de nominibus rejiciendis.

Canadian Journal of Botany 36:727-836. https://doi.org/10.1139/b58-067

IndexFungorum.2020. Fungalnamessearch. http://www.indexfungorum.org/names/Names.asp

[accessed 10 January 2020].

Koukol O, Kolafova Z. 2010. Bactrodesmium gabretae (anamorphic Helotiales), a new

sporodochial species described from spruce needles. Nova Hedwigia 91: 243-248.

https://doi.org/10.1127/0029-5035/2010/0091-0243

Lu BS, Hyde KD, Ho WH, Tsui KM, Taylor JE, Wong KM, Yanna & Zhou DQ. 2000. Checklist

of Hong Kong Fungi. Fungal Diversity Research Series 5. 207 p.

Ma J, Wang Y, O’Neill NR, Zhang XG. 2011. A revision of the genus Lomaantha, with the

description of a new species. Mycologia 103: 407-410. https://doi.org/10.3852/10-176

Markovskaja S. 2006. A new species of Bactrodesmium from Lithuania. Mycotaxon 97: 337-343.

Mercado-Sierra A, Heredia G, Mena-Portales J. 1995. New species of dematiaceous

hyphomycetes from Veracruz, Mexico. Mycotaxon 55: 491-499.

868 ... Shi & al.

Rao PR. 1983. Two new species of Bactrodesmium from India. Indian Journal of Mycology

and Plant Pathology 13(2): 207-208.

Seifert K, Morgan-Jones G, Gams W, Kendrick B. 2011. The genera of hyphomycetes.

CBS Biodiversity Series 9. 997 p.

Zhao GZ, Liu XZ, Xie XM, Cao AX. 2009. Saprobic dematiaceous hyphomycetes from

Shennongjia region, China. Nova Hedwigia 88(1-2): 217-227.

https://doi.org/10.1127/0029-5035/2009/0088-0217

Zucconi L, Lunghini D. 1997. Studies on Mediterranean hyphomycetes. VI. Remarks on

Bactrodesmium, and B. cubense comb. nov. Mycotaxon 63: 323-328.

MYCOTAXON

October-December 2020— Volume 135, pp. 869-876

https://doi.org/10.5248/135.869

Three placodioid species of Lecanoraceae new for China

LEI LU, YU-HONG YANG, JIN-XING HE *

College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology,

Jinan, 250353, China

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: jinhe.h@163.com

ABSTRACT — Three placodioid lichen species, Lecanora valesiaca, Protoparmeliopsis sierrae,

and Rhizoplaca phaedrophthalma, are reported for the first time from China. Detailed

taxonomic descriptions with high resolution photographs, chemistry, remarks, and

distribution are provided.

Keyworps —ascolichen, pruinose thallus, rosettes, squamulose-areolate, taxonomy

Introduction

Lecanoraceae Korb. (Lecanorales, Lecanoromycetes, Ascomycota) contains

26 genera with about 800 species worldwide (Licking & al. 2017; Kraichak &

al. 2018). Only 153 species representing nine genera have been reported from

China thus far: Carbonea (Hertel) Hertel (3 spp.), Clauzadeana Cl. Roux (1

sp.), Lecanora Ach. (119 spp.), Lecidella Korb. (13 spp.), Miriquidica Hertel

& Rambold (3 spp.), Myriolecis Clem. (3 spp.), Rhizoplaca Zopf (7 spp.),

Protoparmeliopsis M. Choisy (2 spp.), and Pyrrhospora Kérb. (2 spp.) (Wei

1991; Abbas & Wu 1998; Abbas & al. 2001; Aptroot & Sparrius 2003; Seaward

& Aptroot 2005; Zheng & al. 2007; Zhang & al. 2012; Zhao & al. 2013, 2015;

Li & Zhao 2017). Among them, one Lecanora complex (Lecanora muralis

group) and three genera (Miriquidica, Protoparmeliopsis, and Rhizoplaca) have

placodioid or peltate-umbilicate thalli.

During our research on the placodioid taxa of Lecanoraceae in China, we

identified three new records (Lecanora valesiaca, Protoparmeliopsis sierrae,

Rhizoplaca phaedrophthalma), which we describe and illustrate below.

870 ... Li, Yang, He

Materials & methods

The specimens were collected from Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Qinghai,

Sichuan, and Xizang provinces in China and are deposited in the Lichen Section of

the Botanical Herbarium, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China (SDNU).

The macroscopic characters were examined under a COIC XTL 7045B2

stereomicroscope and photographed using an Olympus SZX16 dissecting

microscope. Hand-cut sections were examined microscopically with an Olympus

CX41 polarizing microscope and photographed with an Olympus DP72 camera

attached to a BX61 microscope. Lichen substances were identified using standardized

thin layer chromatography techniques (TLC) with solvent system C (Orange & al.

2010).

Taxonomy

Lecanora valesiaca (Mill. Arg.) Stizenb.,

Ber. Thatigk. St. Gallischen. Naturwiss. Ges. 1880-81: 342 (1882) Fie. 1

THALLUuS placodioid, surface white to gray, areolate to rimose-areolate,

usually forming distinct rosettes, heavily whitish pruinose, esorediate;

margin distinct, with lobes, lobes 0.5-1.0 mm wide; prothallus not visible.

APOTHECIA lecanorine, sessile, 0.3-1.1 mm in diam, crowded towards thallus

center; Disc yellowish brown to brown, epruinose, plane; margin concolorous

with thallus, thin to thick, even to prominent, entire to flexuose, smooth,

occasionally crenate. AMPHITHECIUM with small crystals insoluble in K;

cortex distinct, basally not thickened, 17.5-25 um thick; algal layer 50-75um

thick; PARATHECIUM hyaline, with crystals insoluble in K; EPIHYMENIUM

brown to blackish brown, pigment soluble in K, with fine crystals soluble in

K, 7.5-15 um thick; HYMENIUM & SUBHYMENIUM each hyaline, 25-50 um

thick; HYPOTHECIUM indistinct; PARAPHYSES simple, expanded apically, <3.5

um wide; Asci clavate, 8-spored; ascosporEs hyaline, simple, ellipsoid, 7.5-

10(-12.5) x 4-7 um. Pycnip1a not observed.

CHEMISTRY: Containing usnic acid.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: CHINA. HEBEI, Wenxian, Mt. Xiaowutai, alt. 2100 m,

23/M/2012, H.Y. Wang 20121037. INNER MONGOLIA, Wulatehougqi, Huhebashenge, alt.

1600 m, 16/VIII/2012, H.Y. Wang 20123653. NinGx1A, Mt. Helan, Suyukou, Shibapan,

alt. 2400m, 24/VIII/2007, F. Yang 20072669. QINGHAI, Menyuan, Xianmilnchang, alt.

2750 m, 18/VII/2007, Y.D. Du 20072131A-1; Fengzhakou, Haibeizhan, alt. 3200 m, 5/

VIII/2007, Y.D. Du 20070594-2; Qilian, Binggoushangxigou, alt. 3320 m, 10/VIII/2007,

X.L. Shi 20071381; alt. 3800 m, 20071432-2. SICHUAN, Litang, alt. 4200 m, 5/X1/2008,

Z.J. Ren 20080429.

REMARKS: Compared with the published descriptions of Lecanora valesiaca,

the Chinese specimens present shorter lichen lobes, a smaller apothecial disc, a

Lecanora, Protoparmeliopsis, Rhizoplaca spp. new to China ... 871

[50 um }

Fic. 1. Lecanora valesiaca (SDNU — Ren 20080429). a. Thallus; b. Ascus; c. Ascospores; d.

Apothecium (section); e. Crystals in apothecial section; f. Epihymenial pigment, soluble in K; g.

Epihymenial crystals, soluble, in K. a = 2 mm; b, c = 10 um; d-g = 50 um.

thinner epihymenium, hymenium, and subhymenium, and smaller ascospores.

The fact that we did not observe pycnidia may be due to the relatively young age

of our collections. Lecanora valesiaca is characterized by its closely adnate and

completely whitish pruinose thallus and usnic acid as its sole lichen substance.

It can be distinguished from other Lecanora placodioid species by its thin

heavily pruinose thallus and absence of secondary metabolites.

872 ... Li, Yang, He

DISTRIBUTION: Lecanora Ach., with 552 species (Kirk & al. 2008), represents

the largest genus in Lecanoraceae. Worldwide, L. valesiaca has been reported

from Europe and North America (Ryan 1990). New to China.

Protoparmeliopsis sierrae (B.D. Ryan & T.H. Nash) S.Y. Kondr.,

Ukr. Bot. J. 69(6): 877 (2012) Fic, 2

THALLUuS placodioid; surface greenish gray to yellowish green, areolate,

forming distinct rosettes, epruinose, esorediate; margin distinct, with lobes,

Fic. 2. Protoparmeliopsis sierrae (SDNU — Tong 20121126). a. Thallus; b. Ascus; c. Ascospores. d.

Apothecium section; e. Crystals in apothecial section; f. Epihymenial pigment, partly soluble in K;

g. Epihymenial crystals, soluble, in K. Scale bars: a = 1 mm; b, c = 10 um; d-g = 50 um.

Lecanora, Protoparmeliopsis, Rhizoplaca spp. new to China ... 873

lobes 1.5-4.0 mm long, 0.6-1.5 mm wide, rimose-areolate in the center,

plane to swollen toward to tips, with surface roughened increasingly toward

to tips and occasionally with pruina; PROTHALLUs not visible. APOTHECIA

lecanorine, sessile, 0.4—1.3 mm in diam; pisc yellowish brown to reddish

brown, epruinose, plane to convex; margin concolorous with thallus, thin,

then excluded, even, entire, smooth. AMPHITHECIUM with small crystals

soluble in K; cortex distinct, basally not thickened, with small crystals soluble

in K, 17.5-30 um thick; algal layer continuous below the hypothecium,

75-100 wm thick; PARATHECIUM hyaline, with crystals insoluble in K;

EPIHYMENIUM reddish brown to dark brown, pigment partly soluble in

K, with fine crystals soluble in K, 12.5-20 um thick; HyMENIUM hyaline,

37.5-50 um thick; suBHYMENIUM hyaline, 50-100 um thick; HyPOTHECIUM

hyaline to pale brown, pigment soluble in K, 10-25 um thick; PARAPHYSES

simple, expanded apically, <3.5um wide; Asci clavate, 8-spored; ASCOSPORES

hyaline, simple, ellipsoid, 7.5-15 x 5-7.5 um. Pycnip1A immersed, ostioles;

CONIDIA filiform, 18-25 um long.

CHEMISTRY: Containing pannarin and usnic acid.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: CHINA. HEBEI, Wenxian, Mt. Xiaowutai, alt. 2100 m, 28/

VIII/2012, D.B. Tong 20121126; alt. 2300 m, 28/VIII/2012, H.Y. Wang 20121538,

20121351. INNER MONGOLIA, Duolun, Shisanlitan, alt. 1434 m, 8/VIII/2010, Q. Ren

20101930. QinGHAI, Mt. Qilian, Binggouxiaxigou, alt. 3360 m, 10/VIII/2007, Y.D.

Du 20071408. X1zANG, Dangxiong, Namucuo, alt. 4600 m, 28/VII/2011, Y.L. Cheng

20119125.

REMARKS: The Chinese collections differ from published descriptions of

Protoparmeliopsis sierrae primarily in the presence of pannarin and usnic

acid (and no isousnic acid) as main secondary metabolites. The species is

characterized by its brightly coloured placodioid thallus and the presence of

pannarin. Its more convex plicate lobes and possession of pannarin instead

of zeorin separate P. sierrae from P. muralis.

DISTRIBUTION: Protoparmeliopsis sierrae has been reported from western

North America (Ryan & al. 2004). New to China.

Rhizoplaca phaedrophthalma (Poelt) S.D. Leav., Zhao Xin & Lumbsch,

Fungal Diversity 78: 302 (2015) FIG. 3

THALLUS placodioid; surface dark yellow to grayish yellow, usually with

brownish tint, dispersed, bullate-areolate to squamulose-areolate, areoles

occasionally rugose, <1 mm wide, esorediate; PROTHALLUS not visible.

APOTHECIA lecanorine, sessile, 0.5-1.7 mm in diam; Disc yellowish brown,

epruinose, plane to convex; margin concolorous with thallus, thick to excluded

874 ... Li, Yang, He

Fic. 3. Rhizoplaca phaedrophthalma (SDNU — Du 20070526). a. Thallus; b. Ascus; c. Ascospores;

d. Apothecium section; e. Crystals in apothecial section; f. Epihymenial pigment, partly soluble in

K; g. Epihymenial crystals, soluble in K. Scale bars: a = 1 mm; b, c = 10 um; d-g = 50 um.

(when mature), even, entire, occasionally flexuose, smooth. AMPHITHECIUM

with small crystals soluble in K; cortex distinct, basally not thickened, 25-30

um thick; algal layer 50-62.5 um thick, with medulla between cortex and

algal layer, 50-130 um thick; PARATHECIUM hyaline; EPIHYMENIUM reddish

brown to dark brown, pigment soluble in K, with fine crystals soluble in

K, 10-15 um thick; HyMENIUM hyaline, 50-67.5 um thick; sUBHYMENIUM

Lecanora, Protoparmeliopsis, Rhizoplaca spp. new to China ... 875

hyaline to pale yellow, 40-65 um thick; HyPOTHECIUM hyaline, 67.5-83.5 um

thick; PARAPHYSES simple, expanded apically, <3.5 um in diam.; Asct clavate,

8-spored; AscosPoREs hyaline, simple, ellipsoid, often not well-developed,

7-10 x 4.5-7 um. PycNnip1A not observed.

CHEMISTRY: Containing usnic acid, placodiolic acid, and zeorin.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: CHINA. QiNnGHAI, Menyuan, Fengzhakou, alt. 3200 m, 5/

VIII/2007, Y.D. Du 20070526; 3/VIII/2007, X.L. Shi 20070220; Lenglongling, alt. 3520

m, 7/VIII/2007, Z.S. Sun 20070850-1; 7/VIII/2007, X.L. Shi 20070860; alt. 3630 m, 7/

VIII/2007, Y.D. Du 20070961.

REMARKS: The Chinese specimens have a thicker hypothecium than published

descriptions and contain zeorin in addition to usnic acid and placodiolic

acid. Rhizoplaca phaedrophthalma is characterized by a bullate-areolate to

squamulose-areolate thallus, occasionally rugose areoles, thick medulla

in the amphithecium between cortex and algal layer, and the presence of

placodiolic acid. Originally described as Lecanora phaedrophthalma Pole,

the species was transferred to Rhizoplaca based on molecular analysis (Zhao

& al. 2016).

DIsTRIBUTION: Rhizoplaca phaedrophthalma has been reported from

central Asia and North America (Ryan & al. 2004). New to China.

Acknowledgments

The study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation

of China (31750001). The authors are grateful to the presubmission reviewers

Drs. Shouyu Guo (Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,

Beijing) and Zefeng Jia (College of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng,

P. R. China) for reading and improving the manuscript, and to Professor Zhang

Xuejie (SDNU) for providing access to specimens deposited in Shandong National

University.

Literature cited

Abbas A, Wu JN. 1998. Lichens of Xinjiang. Urumdi, Sci-Tech & Hygiene Publishing House

of Xinjiang (K).

Abbas A, Mijit H, Tumur A, Wu JN. 2001. A checklist of the lichens of Xinjiang, China.

Harvard Papers in Botany 5(2): 359-370. https://doi.org/10.2307/41761612

Aptroot A, Sparrius LB. 2003. New microlichens from Taiwan. Fungal Diversity 14: 1-50.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S1567-1356(03)00169-7

Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA. 2008. Ainsworth & Bisby’s dictionary of the

fungi, 10th edition. Wallingford: CAB International.

Lu L, Zhao ZT. 2017. Lecanora subloekoesii sp. nov. and four other species of the L. subfusca

group new to China. Mycotaxon 132: 539-546. https://doi.org/10.5248/132.539

Orange A, James P.W., White FJ. 2010.Microchemical methods for the identification of lichens.

2nd edition. London: British.

876 ... Li, Yang, He

Licking R, Hodkinson BP, Leavitt SD. 2017. The 2016 classification of lichenized fungi in the

Ascomycota and Basidiomycota — approaching one thousand genera. Bryologist 119(4):

361-416. https://doi.org/10.1639/0007-2745-119.4.361

Ryan BD. 1990. A study of Lecanora valesiaca (lichenized Ascomycotina), with notes on

L. dispersoareolata, L. albella, and Squamarina subg. Petroplaca in North America. Nova

Hedwigia 50(1-2): 81-96.

Ryan BD, Lumbsch HT, Messuti MI, Printzen C, Sliwa L, Nash TH II. 2004. Lecanora.

176-286, in: TH Nash III & al. (eds). Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region,

Vol. 2. Lichens Unlimited, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona.

Seaward MRD, Aptroot A. 2005. Hong Kong lichens collected on the United States

North Pacific Exploring Expedition, 1853-1856. Bryologist 108(2): 282-286.

https://doi.org/10.1639/0007-2745(2005) 108[0282: HKLCOT]2.0.CO;2

Wei JC. 1991. An enumeration of lichens in China. Beijing, International Academic

Publishers.

Zhang LL, Wang LS, Wang HY, Zhao ZT. 2012. Four new records of lecideoid lichens from

China. Mycotaxon 119: 445-451. https://doi.org/10.5248/119.445

Zhao X, Zhang LL, Zhao ZT. 2013. A new species of Miriquidica from China. Mycotaxon 123:

363-367. https://doi.org/10.5248/123.363

Zhao X, Zhang LL, Sun LY, Hu L, Zhao ZT. 2015. Four new records of Lecanoraceae in China.

Mycotaxon 130: 707-715. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s13225-015-0354-5

Zhao X, Leavitt SD, Zhao ZT, Zhang LL, Arup U, Grube M, Pérez-Ortega S, Printzen C,

Sliwa L, Kraichak E, Divakar PK, Crespo A, Lumbsch HT. 2016. Towards a revised

generic classification of lecanoroid lichens (Lecanoraceae, Ascomycota) based on

molecular, morphological and chemical evidence. Fungal Diversity 78: 293-304.

http://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-015-0354-5

Zheng XL, Sheng HM, An LZ. 2007. Phylogenetic analysis of lichen-forming fungi Rhizoplaca

Zopf from China based on ITS data and morphology. Zeitschrift fiir Naturforschung C 62:

757-764. https://doi.org/10.1515/znc-2007-9-1020

MY COTAXON

October-December 2020— Volume 135, pp. 877-883

https://doi.org/10.5248/135.877

Jahnoporus oreinus, a rare fungus found in

high-altitude moist temperate forests of Pakistan

JUNAID KHAN, HASSAN SHER’, SHAH HUSSAIN’, ABDUL NASIR KHALID?

"Center for Plant Sciences and Biodiversity, University of Swat, Pakistan

? Department of Botany, University of the Punjab,

Quaid-e-Azam campus, Lahore, Pakistan

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: junaid.botany@gmail.com

ABSTRACT—Jahnoporus oreinus was collected on a buried decomposing roots of spruce

during an excursion in the high altitudinal moist temperate forests in the Gabin Jabba valley

of district Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. This species, previously reported from the

Russian Far East, represents a new record for the Pakistani mycoflora. This is the first report

of the genus Jahnoporus in Pakistan.

Key worps—Dacryobolaceae, ITS, new record, phylogenetic analysis, Picea

Introduction

Swat is a floristically rich district in Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

province, located at 34°34’-35°55’N 72°08’-72°50’E. Swat borders the

Chitral and Ghizar districts in the north, Buner district and Malakand

agency in the south, the Shangla and Indus Kohistan districts in the east,

and the Dir district in the west. The region is mountainous, with elevations

970-2300 m a.s.l. (Kiran & al. 2017). Climatically, the district comprises dry

and moist temperate regions, with lush green forests that are home to many

important medicinal and aromatic plants. The forest floors are rich in humus

and support a huge diversity of macrofungi. However, compared to plants,

fungal research is still in its infancy in Swat, with most of the area under-

or unexplored. Therefore the Centre for Plant Sciences and Biodiversity

(CPS & B) of the University of Swat initiated a project with the goal of

investigating fungal diversity in the under-explored areas of the district.

878 ... Khan, Sher, Khalid

The present paper, which is part of this project, reports on Jahnoporus

oreinus, previously unrecorded from Pakistan. This species, first described

from eastern Russia by Spirin & al. (2015), is regarded as a strong indicator of

pristine Picea-dominated forests. With no previous records for the country,

Jahnoporus (Dacryobolaceae) can be regarded as rare in Pakistan. This small

genus of wood inhabiting fungi is represented by four species: J. brachiatus

Spirin & al., J. hirtus (Cooke) Nuss, J. oreinus, and J. pekingensis (J.D. Zhao

& L.W. Xu) Y.C. Dai (Index Fungorum http://indexfungorum.org/names/

names.asp).

Materials & methods

Collection and morphological examination

The collection was made in the Gabin Jabba valley of District Swat during

the summer of 2017. The green valley, politically a part of Swat’s Matta tehsil, is

characterized by moist temperate vegetation with Picea smithiana and Abies pindrow

the dominant tree species at high altitudes and Pinus wallichiana in the foothills

(Jabeen & al. 2019). Thick forests of Quercus semecarpifolia Sm. are also present in

the upper tree limit.

The basidiomata were collected using standard procedures and photographed in

their natural habitat. Important macro-morphological characters were noted in a

field notebook. Colors were coded following to the Munsell (1975) soil color chart.

A fan heater with temperature adjusted at 45-50°C was used for drying the

specimens. Properly dried specimens were deposited in the Herbarium, University

of Swat, Kanju Township, Pakistan (SWAT).

Microscopic characters are based on free hand sections from dried herbarium

specimens mounted in 5% (w/v) aqueous potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution.

Aqueous Congo red (1%; w/v) was used for contrast. Tissues were examined and

photographed using a BOECO BM120 compound microscope fitted with a MVV

3000 microscopic camera. Microstructures were measured with calibrated Piximetre

software v. 5.9; Q = range of length/width (L/W) ratio of all measured basidiospores,

Qe = the average L/W ratio of basidiospores, and Me = average L x W of all measured

basidiospores.

DNA extraction, PCR, and sequence analysis

DNA from dried herbarium specimens was extracted using the CTAB method

(Gardes & Bruns 1993). The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region along with the

central 5.8S region was amplified using the ITS1F (Gardes & Bruns 1993) and ITS4

primer pair (White & al. 1990).

For the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), we followed the methods mentioned in

Khan & al. (2017). Two nucleotide sequences were generated from the two different

pilei. Both the forward and reverse primer reads were assembled in BioEdit v.7.2.5

(Hall 1999) and consensus sequences were generated. The two consensus sequences

Jahnoporus oreinus new for Pakistan ... 879

MN178648 Jahnoporus oreinus

MN178649 Jahnoporus oreinus

KU165785 Jahnoporus oreinus

KU165786 Jahnoporus oreinus

KU165781 Jahnoporus brachiatus

KU165783 Jahnoporus hirtus

DQ911605 Jahnoporus hirtus

KU165784 Jahnoporus hirtus

FJ439517 Jahnoporus hirtus

KC585398 Spongiporus undosus

KF112878 Postia sericeomollis

KC585365 Postia sericeomollis

0.02

Fic. 1. nrITS based maximum likelihood analysis of Jahnoporus oreinus and related taxa.

Pakistani collection is presented in bold. Bootstrap values >50% are given above nodes.

BLAST searched and closely matching sequences and from published literature

(Spirin & al. 2015) were downloaded for phylogenetic analysis. Postia sericeomollis

(Romell) Jiilich (KC585365; KF112878) and Spongiporus undosus (Peck) A. David

880 ... Khan, Sher, Khalid

(KC585398) were selected as outgroup taxa. For phylogenetic inference, Maximum

Likelihood (ML) analysis was performed using MEGA6 software with 1000 bootstrap

replicates (Tamura & al. 2013).

Phylogenetic analysis

Two new sequences (630 bp each) were generated from two different

pilei of the same collection (GJ-1513). During BLAST search, the GJ-1513

sequences showed 99.65 % similarity (different in <4 bp) with Jahnoporus

oreinus (KU165786; KU165785) and 97 % similarity with J. brachiatus

(KU165781) and J. hirtus (KU165782; KU165783; KU165784).

The 12 nucleotide sequences used in the phylogenetic analysis comprised

four in-group and two outgroup taxa. There were a total of 571 sites in

the aligned dataset, of which 176 were variable and 137 were parsimony

informative. Maximum likelihood analysis clustered the ITS sequences in

four clades (Fic. 1), which agree with the findings of Spirin & al. (2015).

The Pakistani collection clustered with the Russian collections of J. oreinus,

confirming its identity.

Taxonomy

Jahnoporus oreinus Spirin, Vlasdk & Miettinen,

Cryptog. Mycol. 36: 414 (2015) Fic. 2

FRUITING BODY 120 mm wide, annual, fleshy when fresh, hard when

mature or dry, several fused pilei arising from a common stipe. PILEUSs 30—50

mm across, semi-circular to oval in shape, pale greyish-brown (7.5 YR 8/4)

with a dark brownish center (SYR 3/4); surface dry, shiny, bumpy, hispid;

pileus margin sharp and wavy, slightly incurved in some areas. PORE SURFACE

slightly decurrent, cream-colored, drying brownish orange (5YR 5/8); pores

mostly angular, some irregular, 2—3 per mm; tubes 2—3 mm deep at the center,

1mm at the edge, concolorous with the pore surface. STrpE 40—50 x 8—12 mm,

eccentric, hispid, hairs denser and longer than on pileus, yellowish brown

(7.5YR 6/8) upward, strong brown (7.5YR 3/6), interior solid, white. ODOR

AND TASTE mild.

BASIDIOSPORES (13-)13.5—15.9(-16.2) x (4.1-)4.2—5.4(-5.6) um, Q=(2.7-)

3—3,.2(-3.3), Me = 15.1 x 4.8 um, Qe = 3.1, fusoid in face view, navicular in

side view, smooth, guttulate. Basip1a (35—)40—47(-50) x (9-)10.5—11.5(-12)

um, clavate to narrowly clavate, mostly 2-sterigmate, rarely with 4-sterigmata;

thin-walled, hyaline in KOH, with oily droplet, clamped at base; sterigmata 6-8

um long. CysTIDIOLES (32—)35—43.5(-45) x (5-)5.3—7.5(-8) um, narrowly

lageniform to bottle-shaped, thin- to thick-walled. PILEAL Hairs AND UPPER

Jahnoporus oreinus new for Pakistan ... 881

Fig. 2. Jahnoporus oreinus (SWAT001350). a. Basidiomata in natural habitat; b. Pore surface;

c. Basidiospores; d. Basidia; e. Contextual hyphae; f. Cystidioles; g. Pileipellis hyphae. Scale bars:

a,b = 10 mm; c-g = 5 um.

SURFACE Hypuae parallel, thin walled, 3-5 um in diameter. TRaMA HYPHAE

elongated, septate, 3-4 um in diameter. CONTEXTUAL HypHae parallel, thick-

walled, 3-5 um in diam., mixed with gloeocystidia; gloeocystidia 70-100 x

10-15 um, thick walled (<2um), irregular. HypHAL SysTEM monomitic,

clamp connections present.

MATERIAL EXAMINED: PAKISTAN, KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, District Swat, Matta

tehsil, Gabin Jabba valley, 2450 m a.s.l., on buried decomposing roots of Picea

smithiana (Wall.) Boiss., 30 Aug 2017, Junaid Khan GJ-1513 (SWAT001350; GenBank

MNI178648, MN178649).

882 ... Khan, Sher, Khalid

Discussion

Jahnoporus oreinus, a strong indicator species of the old growth spruce

forest, is reported as a new record for Pakistani mycoflora. So far, this species

is reported from three distant localities in far eastern Russia, with the new

collection apparently the fourth record of J. oreinus from around the globe.

The Pakistani material agrees morphologically with the original description

by Spirin & al. (2015) with some differences. Most importantly, the stipe of

the Pakistani collection is hirsute and covered by denser and longer hairs

compared with the pileus, which differs from the smooth to rarely hairy stipe

of the Russian collections. Secondly, the 2-spored basidia in the Pakistani

collection are not reported in the original description. Our collection also has

very frequent narrowly lageniform to bottle-shaped cystidioles contrasting

with the Russian collection where these cystidioles are rare.

Despite the morphological differences between the Pakistani and Russian

collections, their ITS sequences were closely similar (differing only by

<4 bp) and clustered together in molecular phylogenetic analysis (Fic. 1),

thus supporting the identification of the Pakistani collection as J. oreinus.

Jahnoporus brachaitus, a species reported from East Asia and the Russian

Far East, can be distinguished from J. oreinus by its growth in lowland

mixed forests, pale grey to pale ochraceous pileus, and narrowly fusoid

basidiospores (Spirin & al. 2015). Jahnoporus hirtus, the type species of the

genus, is separated by its larger (<150 mm diam.), brownish grey to reddish

brown pileus, and smaller (10.4—15.4 x 4.0—5.8 um) basidiospores (Jahn 1973,

Spirin & al. 2015). Jahnoporus pekingensis, described from northeast China,

differs from J. oreinus by its larger (<180 mm diam.) pilei and considerably

smaller (9—11.2 x 2.5-3.5 um) basidiospores (Zhao & al. 1982, Dai 2003).

Acknowledgements

Our sincere thanks to Dr. Viacheslav Spirin (Botany Unit—Mycology, Finnish

Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Finland) and Dr. Najam-ul-Sahar

Afshan (Center for Undergraduate studies, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan)

for reviewing this manuscript. We are grateful to Dr. Else Vellinga (Berkeley, CA USA)

for her corrections and suggestions during pre-editorial review.

Literature cited

Dai YC. 2003. Jahnoporus pekingensis (Basidiomycota), a new combination. Fungal Science

18: 55-58.

Gardes M, Bruns TD. 1993. ITS primers with enhanced specificity for basidiomycetes-

application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts. Molecular Ecology 2: 113-118.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294x.1993.tb00005.x

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Hall TA. 1999. BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis

program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symposium Series 41: 95-98.

Jabeen S, Kiran M, Khan J, Ahmad I., Ahmad H, Sher H, Khalid AN. 2019. Amanita ahmadii,

a new species of Amanita subgenus Amanitina section Validae from Pakistan. MycoKeys

56: 81-99. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.56.31819

Jahn H. 1973. Albatrellus hirtus (Quél.) Donk, Rauher Schafporling. Schweizerische

Zeitschrift fiir Pilzkunde 86: 104-108.

Khan J, Kiran M, Jabeen S, Sher H, Khalid AN. 2017. Gymnopilus penetrans and G. swaticus

sp. nov. (Agaricomycota: Hymenogastraceae); a new record and a new species from

northwest Pakistan. Phytotaxa 312(1): 60-70. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.312.1.4

Kiran M, Khan J, Naseer A, Sher H, Khalid A N. 2018. Amanita pallidorosea in Pakistan

and its ectomycorrhizal association with Quercus oblongata. Mycotaxon 132(4): 799-811.

https://doi.org/10.5248/132.799

Munsell AH. 1975. Munsell soil color charts. Baltimore: Munsell Color Inc.

Spirin V, Vlasak J, MiLakovsky B, Miettinen O. 2015. Searching for indicator species of old-

growth spruce forests: studies in the genus Jahnoporus (Polyporales, Basidiomycota).

Cryptogamie, Mycologie 36(4): 409-418. https://doi.org/10.7872/crym/v36.iss4.2015.409

Tamura K, Stecher G, Peterson D, Filipski A, Kumar S. 2013. MEGA6: molecular

evolutionary genetics analysis version 6.0. Molecular Biology and Evolution 30(12):

2725-2729. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst197

White T, Bruns TD, Lee S, Taylor J. 1990. Amplification and direct sequencing of

fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. 315-322, in: MA Innis & al. (eds).

PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications. San Diego: Academic Press.

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Zhao JD, Xu LW, Zhang XQ. 1982. A study of the taxonomic study of Polyporaceae from

China. Acta Microbiologica Sinica 22: 218-223.

MY COTAXON

October-December 2020— Volume 135, pp. 885-893

https://doi.org/10.5248/135.885

Four non-yellow species of Rhizocarpon new to China

Linc Hu, XIAO ZHANG?*, CHUN-XIAO WANG?, ZUN-TIAN ZHAO”

' Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shandong Normal University,

Jinan, 250014, P. R. China

? Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences,

Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, P. R. China

“CORRESPONDENCE TO: ztzhao@sdnu.edu.cn

AsBsTRACT—Four species of the lichen genus Rhizocarpon (R. cinereonigrum, R. distinctum,

R. sublavatum, and R. subpostumum) are reported for the first time from China. Descriptions

provide morphological and chemical characters and known distribution of each species.

Key worps—lichen-forming fungi, Rhizocarpaceae, saxicolous, taxonomy

Introduction

Rhizocarpon Ramond ex DC. (Rhizocarpaceae, Rhizocarpales,

Lecanoromycetes, Ascomycota) was established by de Candolle in 1805 (Ihlen

2004). Rhizocarpon can best be characterized by the crustose thallus, a

usually distinct prothallus, black lecideine apothecia, Rhizocarpon-type and

(1-)8-spored asci, and ellipsoid halonate hyaline to brown or olive-green

ascospores that can be transversely septate or submuriform to muriform;

Rhizocarpon species usually contain secondary compounds detectable by

TLC (Fletcher & al. 2009; McCarthy & Elix 2014). Rhizocarpon includes

about 226 species worldwide (Liicking & al. 2016, Davydov & Yakovchenko

2017), of which 44 species have been reported from China (Wei 1991; Abbas

& Wu 1998; Aptroot & Sparrius 2003; Li & al. 2013; Zhao & al. 2013; Mahire

& al. 2015; Wang 2015a,b,c, 2016). The genus is most diverse and abundant

* Ling Hu & Xiao Zhang contributed equally to this research.

886 ... Hu, Zhang & al.

on siliceous rocks, with some species on calcareous rocks and a minority

parasitic on other lichens in montane habitats and at temperate to higher

latitudes (Ihlen 2004, McCarthy & Elix 2014).

This paper contributes further to our understanding of Rhizocarpon

in China in the context of the Lichen Flora of China project. We have

identified four species new to the country: R. cinereonigrum, R. distinctum,

R. sublavatum and R. subpostumum.

Materials & methods

The specimens documented here are deposited in the Lichen Section of Botanical

Herbarium, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China (SDNU). Morphological and

anatomical characters were examined under a COIC XTL7045B2 stereomicroscope

and Olympus CX41 polarizing microscope. The thallus and medulla were tested

with K (a 10% aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide), C (a solution of aqueous

sodium hypochlorite), and I (Lugol’s iodine) for identification. Lichen substances

were identified using standardized thin-layer chromatography techniques (TLC)

with solvent system C (Orange & al. 2010). The lichens were photographed with an

Olympus SZX16 and a BX61 microscope with a DP72 lens.

Taxonomy

Rhizocarpon cinereonigrum Vain.,

Acta Soc. Fauna Flora Fenn. 53(1): 279 (1922) Fic. 1

THALLUS crustose, with plane, contiguous areolae, dark greyish to dark

brown, esorediate. PROTHALLUS absent. MEDULLA white, I-. APOTHECIA

black, round to rounded-angular, 0.3-0.5 mm diam., immersed to sessile,

lecideine with a well-developed exciple, persistent, concave to flat. PROPER

EXCIPLE dark brown, with crystals partly dissolving in K; epihymenium

dark brown, K+ violet-red; hymenium hyaline; paraphyses branched and

anastomosing; hypothecium dark brown, K-. Ascr 8-spored. ASCOSPORES

soon brownish green, 1-septate, with a halo, constricted at the septum when

overmature, 28-38 x 12-18 um. CONIDIOMATA not seen.

CHEMISTRY—Medulla K+ yellow, C-. Stictic acid detected by TLC.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: CHINA. SICHUAN, Kangding Co., Mt Zheduo, alt. 4200 m,

on siliceous rock, 15 Oct. 2015, Weicheng Wang 20150702 (SDNU); Luding Co.,

Moxi Town, Yajiagen, alt. 4000 m, on siliceous rock, 13 Oct. 2015, Weicheng Wang

20150665 (SDNU). YUNNAN, Shangri-La, Mt Hong, alt. 4462 m, on siliceous rock,

18 Aug. 2018, Chunxiao Wang 20180633 (SDNU).

DIsTRIBUTION—Finland, Novaya Zemlya, and Greenland (Lynge 1932;

Thomson 1997). New to China.

Rhizocarpon spp. new to China ... 887

a ‘ +

- :

‘ter

, = i

Soom

50 nal 10nm)

Fig. 1. Rhizocarpon cinereonigrum (SDNU — Wang 20150665). A: Thallus; B: Apothecia;

C: Apothecium section; D: Crystals in exciple; E: K reaction; F: Ascospores.

COMMENTS—Our specimens are similar to those described previously in

the literature, except that the protologue description mentions a prothallus

and convex apothecia (Thomson 1967, 1997). Rhizocarpon cinereonigrum is

characterized by the dark greyish to dark brown thallus, epihymenium K+

violet-red, large 1-septate ascospores, and containing stictic acid. This species

morphologically resembles R. badioatrum (Florke ex Spreng.) Th. Fr. and

888 ... Hu, Zhang & al.

R. jemtlandicum Malme; however, R. badioatrum differs by containing

+stictic, tnorstictic; and diffractic acids, while R. jemtlandicum differs in

its K-, olive to green-black epithecium (Timdal & Holtan-Hartwig 1988,

Fletcher & al. 2009, Wirth & al. 2013).

Fic. 2. Rhizocarpon distinctum (SDNU — Wang 20151607). A: Thallus; B: Apothecia;

C: Apothecium section; D: Crystals in epihymenium; E: Ascus; F: Ascospores.

Rhizocarpon distinctum Th. Fr., Lichenogr. Scand. 2: 625 (1874) FIG. 2

THALLUS areolate; areoles small, dark grey, contiguous or more rarely

scattered, rounded to angular, convex. PROTHALLUS black. MEDULLA white,

Rhizocarpon spp. new to China ... 889

I+ blue. APoTHECcIA lecideine, black, 0.3-0.5 mm diam., sessile, concave to

flat; exciple thin, dark brown, persistent; epihymenium brown to olive-brown,

K-, with crystals partly dissolving in K; hymenium hyaline; hypothecium dark

brown. Asci 8-spored. AscosporEs soon brown, 3-septate to submuriform

with 4-6 cells, with a halo, 20-27.5 x 7.5-12.5 um. CONIDIOMATA not seen.

CHEMISTRY—Medulla K+ yellow, C-. Stictic acid detected by TLC.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: CHINA. SICHUAN, Mt. Zheduo, alt. 4000 m, on siliceous

rocks, 15 Oct. 2015, Weicheng Wang 20151607 (SDNU).

DIsTRIBUTION—Rhizocarpon distinctum has been reported from Europe,

British Isles, North America (eastern Canada), Antarctica, Novaya Zemlya,

Australia, and New Zealand (Lynge 1932, Thomson 1997, @vstedal & Smith

2001, Ihlen 2004, Fletcher & al. 2009, Galloway 2007, McCarthy & Elix

2014). New to China.

COMMENTS—Our specimens match previously published descriptions,

except for the presence of an epihymenium containing crystals partly

dissolving in K (Ihlen 2004, Fletcher & al. 2009). Rhizocarpon distinctum is

characterized by the amyloid medulla, 3-septate to submuriform ascospores,

and the occurrence of stictic acid (Timdal & Holtan-Hartwig 1988, Thomson

1997, Ovstedal & Smith 2001, Ihlen 2004, Fletcher & al. 2009, McCarthy &

Elix 2014). The small areoles and apothecia of R. distinctum are suggestive

of R. reductum Th. Fr., R. sublavatum and R. timdalii Ihlen & Fryday, but

R. distinctum can be distinguished from those species in becoming brown

and in usually having fewer than eight cells per ascospore (Ihlen 2004,

Fletcher & al. 2009).

Rhizocarpon sublavatum Fryday, Lichenologist 32(3): 214 (2000) Fic. 3

THALLUS areolate, greyish brown, continuous, flat. PROTHALLUS

black. MEDULLA white, I-. APOTHECIA lecideine, black, round, 0.3-0.6

mm diam., sessile, concave; disc epruinose; exciple black, thick, usually

persistent. PROPER EXCIPLE dark brown, without crystals; epihymenium

bluish green, K+ brighter; hymenium hyaline; hypothecium dark brown.

AsclI 8-spored. Ascosporgs colourless, eumuriform, 25-35(-37.5) x (10-)

12.5-15(-17.5) um. CONIDIOMATA not seen.

CHEMISTRY— Thallus K-, C-. Medulla K-, C-. No substances detected

by LEG.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: CHINA. SICHUAN, Luding Co., Moxi Town, Park. Hongshi,

alt. 3060 m, on siliceous rock, 13 Oct. 2015, Weicheng Wang 20150660 (SDNU)

890 ... Hu, Zhang & al.

Fic. 3. Rhizocarpon sublavatum (SDNU - Wang 20150660). A: Thallus; B: Apothecia;

C: Apothecium section; D: Ascospores.

DISTRIBUTION—Great Britain (Scotland), Scandinavia, Iceland, and Central

and Eastern Europe (Fryday 2000; Ihlen 2004). New to China.

COMMENTS— Our specimen agrees with the type description, except that the

protologue cites an effuse thallus and a flat to slightly convex disc (Fryday

2000). Rhizocarpon sublavatum is characterized by having smaller eumuriform

spores than R. lavatum (Ach.) Hazsl., a bluish green epihymenium, and no

lichen substances. The species shares a similar ascospore size and shape with

R. anaperum (Vain.) Vain., which differs in a browner, more granular-areolate

thallus, more highly branched paraphysoids, and a different apothecial

pigmentation with only brown and grey pigments (Fryday 2000).

Rhizocarpon subpostumum (Nyl.) Arnold,

Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 27: 554 (1877) Fic. 4

THALLUS areolate; areoles flat to slightly convex, polygonal to rounded,

brown, epruinose. PROTHALLUS indistinct. MEDULLA white, I-. APOTHECIA

Rhizocarpon spp. new to China ... 891

Fic. 4. Rhizocarpon subpostumum (SDNU - Du 20080268). A: Thallus and apothecia;

B: Apothecium section; C: K reaction; D: Ascospores.

black, rounded to angular, 0.3-0.6(-0.8) mm diam., usually immersed, lecideine

with a thin margin, flat to convex. PROPER EXCIPLE dark brown, K+ purple;

epihymenium dark green-black, K-; hymenium vertically streaked red-brown

and K+ purple; hypothecium dark brown, K-. Asci 8-spored. ASCOSPORES

colorless, pale brown green when over-mature, submuriform, with a halo,

15-22.5(-27.5) x 7.5-12.5(-14) um. CONIDIOMATA not seen.

CHEMISTRY— thallus K-, C-; medulla K-, C-. No substances detected by

TEC.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: CHINA. SICHUAN, Litang, Mt Kazila, alt. 4700 m, on

siliceous rock, 7 Nov. 2008, Yuanda Du 20080111, 20180268 (SDNU).

DISTRIBUTION—Rhizocarpon subpostumum has previously been reported from

Norway, Sweden, Finland, Iceland, Great Britain (Scottish Highlands), North

America, and New Zealand (Ihlen 2004, Galloway 2007, Fletcher & al. 2009).

New to China.

892 ... Hu, Zhang & al.

COMMENTS—Our specimens conform to previously published descriptions.

Rhizocarpon subpostumum is characterized by small apothecia, small

submuriform ascospores, and the K+ purple exciple. It shares small apothecia

and ascospores with R. postumum (Nyl.) Arnold, which is distinguished by

its exciple not reacting K+ purple (Fryday 2000, Ihlen 2004, Fletcher & al.

2009).

Acknowledgements

The authors thank Dr. Patrick McCarthy (Canberra, A.C.T., Australia) and

Dr. Shou-Yu Guo (State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology,

Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China) for guidance in specimen

identification and pre-submission review. We also thank the others in our

laboratory for assistance during this study. This investigation was supported by the

Emergency management project of National Natural Science Foundation of China

(31750001), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31900010) and the

Scientific Research Foundation of Graduate School of Shandong Normal University

(SCX201945).

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Svalbard og Ishavet 47: 1-30.

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MY COTAXON

October-December 2020— Volume 135, pp. 895-900

https://doi.org/10.5248/135.895

Zanclospora bicolorata sp. nov. from Ecuador

MIRIAN VILLAVICENCIO’, DAYNET SOSA’, MARCOS VERA’,

FERNANDO ESPINOZA’, ADELA QUEVEDO', FREDDY MAGDAMA\',

LIZETTE SERRANO’, SIMON PEREZ-MARTINEZ?’,

RAFAEL F, CASTANEDA-RUIZ?

' Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, (CIBE),

Campus Gustavo Galindo Km. 30.5 Via Perimetral,

PO. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador

? Universidad Estatal de Milagro (UNEMI), Facultad de Ingenieria,

Cdla. Universitaria Km. 1.5 via Milagro-Km26. Milagro 091706, Guayas, Ecuador

° Instituto de Investigaciones Fundamentales en Agricultura Tropical (INIFAT),

Alejandro de Humboldt’ Calle 1 Esq. 2, Santiago de Las Vegas,

La Habana, Cuba, C.P. 17200

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: dasosa@espol.edu.ec

ABsTRACT—The new species Zanclospora bicolorata, found on a rotten leaf of an

unidentified plant in Ecuador, is described and illustrated. The fungus is characterized by

setiform bicolored conidiophores and amygdaliform to suballantoid unicellular hyaline

conidia.

KEY woRDs—asexual fungi, hyphomycete, taxonomy, tropics

Introduction

Zanclospora S. Hughes & W.B. Kendr., typified by Z. novae-zelandiae

S. Hughes & W.B. Kendr., is characterized by macronematous,

mononematous, setiform, cylindrical, multiseptate, brown to dark brown

conidiophores. The pale brown conidiogenous cells are monophialidic,

lageniform or ampulliform, discrete, sessile, and arranged in verticils

around the middle conidiophores. The hyaline unicellular conidia are

falcate, cylindrical, or obovoid and accumulate in mucous masses (Hughes

896 ... Villavicencio & al.

& Kendrick 1965). During a survey of hyphomycetes associated with plant

litter from a tropical rainforest at the Rio Palenque Scientific Center near

Canton Buena Fé, Los Rios province, we collected a Zanclospora specimen

that differs remarkably from all previously described species (Almeida & al.

2013, Hernandez-Restrepo & al. 2017), which we propose as a new species.

Materials & methods

Samples of decaying plant materials were collected and placed in plastic bags

for transport to the laboratory, where they were washed, treated according to

Castaheda-Ruiz & al. (2016), and placed in moist chambers. Individual conidia

were separated from the plant material by a mycological needle under a stereoscope

and cultured on V8 agar (125 ml V8 juice + 18 g agar + 1000 ml distilled H,O, pH

6.3). The V8 cultures were incubated at 25 + 1°C in an irradiation box exposed

to alternating 12 h periods of light (Vica FLB-20W T10 UV-lamp) and observed

morphologically after five days. Colony colors were coded according to Rayner

(1970). Mounts were prepared in polyvinyl alcohol-glycerol (8 g PVA in 100 ml

H,O + 5 ml of glycerol) and lactofuchsin (0.1 g acid fuchsin, 100 ml 85% lactic

acid) following Carmichael (1955), or 90% lactic acid. Features were measured

at 1000x magnification and photographed using a Zeiss Axioskop 40 microscope

with bright field and phase contrast optics. The type specimen (metabolically

inactive dried culture) was deposited in the herbarium of the Culture Collections

of Microorganisms, CIBE Guayaquil, Ecuador (CCMCIBE).

Taxonomy

Zanclospora bicolorata R.F. Castafieda, M. Villav. & D. Sosa, sp. nov. FIGs 1-3

MB 833992

Differs from Zanclospora bonfinensis by its bicolored conidiophores and amygdaliform

or suballantoid conidia.

Type: Ecuador, Los Rios province, Cantén Buena Fé, Parroquia Patricia Pilar,

0°35’45’S 79°21’49’W, on decaying leaf of an unidentified plant, 18.III.2019, coll. A.

Quevedo, M. Vera & F. Espinoza (Holotype [metabolically inactive dried culture],

CCMCIBE-H594)

Erymo_oey: Latin, bicolorata, two-colored, referred to the conidiophores.

COLONIES on V8 agar at 25°C attaining 35 mm diam after five days, adpressed,

radially undulate, whitish-pale luteous. Reversed center orange-sienna, margin

white. Mycelium mostly immersed, composed of septate, slightly branched,

smooth, 1-4.5 um diam, subhyaline to pale brown hyphae. CONIDIOPHORES

macronematous, mononematous, setiform, erect, flexuous, cylindrical below,

unbranched, acuminate to acerose toward the apex, 10-20-septate, with

multiple adjacent verticils of conidiogenous cells on swollen cells, more or less

Zanclospora bicolorata sp. nov. (Ecuador) ... 897

Fic. 1. Zanclospora bicolorata (ex holotype CCMCIBE-H594). Colonies on V8 culture medium.

A. Viewed from above; B. Viewed from below.

at the middle of the stipe, at the middle part of conidiophores smooth-walled,

pale brown or brown from the base to the distal verticils of conidiogenous

cells, dark reddish brown toward the apex, <300 um long, 10-17 um wide.

898 ... Villavicencio & al.

Fig. 2. Zanclospora bicolorata (ex holotype CCMCIBE-H594).

A, B. Conidia; C. Conidiophores, conidiogenous cells, and conidia.

Zanclospora bicolorata sp. nov. (Ecuador) ... 899

Fic. 3. Zanclospora bicolorata (ex holotype CCMCIBE-H594).

A. Conidiogenous cells series forming verticils; B. Conidiogenous cells;

C. Conidiophores, conidiogenous cells, and conidia.

CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS monophialidic, ampulliform or lageniform, 6-15 x

2.5-4 um, with inconspicuous to noticeable cylindrical-infundibuliform

collarette, 1-5 x 1 um, discrete, very pale brown, smooth-walled, 2-6 in verticils

900 ... Villavicencio & al.

adjacent just below the septa of swollen cells in <9 series on the conidiophores.

CONIDIA seriate, amygdaliform to suballantoid, unicellular, hyaline, smooth-

walled, 2-4 x 1-1.5 um, accumulating in white masses.

Notes: Zanclospora is represented by eleven species and one variety (Almeida &

al. 2013, Hernandez-Restrepo & al. 2017, Index Fungorum 2020). Zanclospora

bicolorata is morphologically similar to Z. bonfinensis D.A.C. Almeida & al. in

the conidiophores and conidiogenous cell arrangement, but Z. bonfinensis is

distinguished by its brown conidiophores with sterile stipe that is verrucose

toward the apex and its straight to slightly curved bacilliform conidia (3-5.5 x

1-2 um; Almeida & al. 2013).

Acknowledgments

We are indebted to Dr. De- Wei Li (Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station

Valley Laboratory, Windsor CT, USA) and Dr. Jian Ma (College of Agronomy, Jiangxi

Agricultural University, Nanchang, China) for their critical reviews. The authors

thank Mr. Vicente Wong and Mr. James Jensen for facilities and permission to collect

samples in the private protected forest and Rio Palenque Scientific Center. The

authors are grateful to Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral (ESPOL), CIBE, for

financial support and the International Society for Fungal Conservation for facilities.

RFCR is grateful to the Cuban Ministry of Agriculture. We acknowledge the websites

maintained by Dr. P.M. Kirk (Index Fungorum) and Dr. K. Bensch (MycoBank).

Dr. Lorelei L. Norvell’s editorial review and Dr. Shaun Pennycook’s nomenclature

review are greatly appreciated.

Literature cited

Almeida DAC.; Cruz A.R, Marques MFO, Gusmao LFP. 2013. Conidial fungi from the semi-arid

Caatinga biome of Brazil. New and interesting Zanclospora species. Mycosphere. 4: 684-692.

https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/4/4/4

Carmichael JW. 1955. Lacto-fuchsin: a new medium for mounting fungi. Mycologia 47: 611.

Castafieda-Ruiz RE, Heredia G, Gusmao LFP, Li DW. 2016. Fungal diversity of Central and

South America. 197-217, in: DW Li (ed.). Biology of Microfungi. Springer International

Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29137-6_9

Hernandez-Restrepo M, Gené J, Castafteda-Ruiz RF, Mena-Portales J, Crous PW, Guarro J. 2017.

Phylogeny of saprobic microfungi from southern Europe. Studies in Mycology 86: 53-97.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2017.05.002

Hughes SJ, Kendrick WB. 1965. New Zealand fungi 4. Zanclospora gen. nov. New Zealand

Journal of Botany 3: 151-158. https://doi.org/10.1080/0028825X.1965.10876991

Index Fungorum. 2020. Fungal names search. http://www.indexfungorum.org/names/Names.asp

[accessed 12 January 2020].

Rayner RW. 1970. A mycological colour chart. Kew, Surrey, UK.

MYCOTAXON

January-March 2020—Volume 135, p. 901

https://doi.org/10.5248/135.901

Regional annotated mycobiota new to the Mycotaxon website

ABSTRACT—MYCOTAXON is pleased to add a new annotated species distribution

list to our 142 previously posted free access fungae. The 22-page “Additions to a

checklist of coprophilous fungi and other fungi recorded on dung from Brazil: an

overview of a century of research” by Francisco J. Sim6es Calaga, Vanessa Basilio

Tereza, and Solange Xavier-Santos may be downloaded from our website via

http://www.mycotaxon.com/mycobiota/index.html

SOUTH AMERICA

Brazil

FRANCISCO J. SIMOES CALAGA, VANESSA BASILIO TEREZA, SOLANGE XAVIER-

SANTOS. Additions to a checklist of coprophilous fungi and other fungi

recorded on dung from Brazil: an overview of a century of research. 22 p.

ABSTRACT—In 2014 we published the first checklist of fungi sensu lato recorded

on dung from Brazil, as a result of an effort to maintain an easily accessible

database on the knowledge of the diversity of these fungi. In the last 10 years

there has been a significant increase in the number of publications involving

this ecological group, and we are presenting an update which summarizes data

from a century of research (from 1919 to 2019). We present an annotated list

of all species and occurrences added to the Brazilian copromycodiversity, the

annual accumulation of records, and occurrence by substrate. There were 302

records of 166 species, 98 of which are new for Brazil, all of them reported

from seven Federation states (including two new). Most of the occurrences

are reported from the northeast region of the country (Pernambuco and Piaui

states), followed by the midwest (Goids and Federal District) and southern

regions (Parana and Rio Grande do Sul). Amazonas and Piaui are states with

new records of these organisms, with one record each. There are now 568

occurrences and 308 species of dung-inhabiting fungi recorded in Brazil.

Key worps—dung-inhabiting fungi, new occurrences, species distribution,

substrates