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ISSN 0342-7536

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Nota lepidopterologica

A journal devoted to the study of Lepidoptera

Published by the Societas Europaea Lepidopterologica e.V.

Volume 28 No. 3/4 Dresden, 17.02.2006 ISSN 0342-7536

Editor

Dr Matthias Nuss, Staatliches Museum fuer Tierkunde Dresden,

Koenigsbruecker Landstr. 159, D-01109 Dresden;

e-mail: matthias.nuss@snsd.smwk.sachsen.de

Editorial Board

Dr Enrique Garcia-Barros (Madrid, E), Dr Roger L. H. Dennis (Wilmslow, UK),

Dr Axel Hausmann (Munich, D), Dr Peter Huemer (Innsbruck, A), Ole Karsholt (Copenhagen, DK),

Dr Bernard Landry (Genève, CH), Dr Yuri P. Nekrutenko (Kiev, UA),

Dr Erik van Nieukerken (Leiden, NL), Dr Thomas Schmitt (Trier, D),

Dr Wolfgang Speidel (Bonn, D), Dr Niklas Wahlberg (S)

Contents

Roman V. Yakovlev

Type specimens of „Cossidae“ described by W. Koshantschikov ...........

Feza Can & Vladimir Mironov

Perizoma onurcani sp. n. from Turkey (Geometridae: Larentiinae) .......

Peter Huemer & Carlo Morandini

Chesias angeri Schawerda, 1919 stat. rev., a long neglected species

trommorthern Italy (Geometridae) 5.2... éerersesdreecassneniiouse

Ole Karsholt, Alexandr L. Lvovsky & Charlotte Nielsen

A new species of Agonopterix feeding on giant hogweed

(Heracleum mantegazzianum) in the Caucasus, with a discussion

of the nomenclature of A. heracliana (Linnaeus) (Depressariidae) ........

Mikhail V. Kozlov

Adela alurgis Sp. n. from Syria (Adelidae) ............cceeeeseeeceeeeeeenteeeeeeeeeees

Jaan Viidalepp & Vladimir Mironov

Pasiphila hyrcanica sp. n. (Geometridae, Larentiinae) — a new species

MOMMA zerbaljan and han... eee eee

John G. Coutsis

Revision of the Turanana endymion species-group (Lycaenidae)

CONCOURS ee een east

159-161

163-166

167-175

177-192

193-196

197-201

Michael Weidlich

Reisseronia arnscheidi sp. n. aus den Südkarpaten Rumäniens

(Psychidae) ss rss en a CR eee 203-211

Ashish Diliprao Tiple, Vishal P. Deshmukh & Roger L. H. Dennis

Factors influencing nectar plant resource visits by butterflies

on a university campus: implications for conservation .…...................... 213-224

Marko Mutanen & Juhani Itämies

Elachista imatrella Schantz, 1971 (Elachistidae):

Female external morphology and redescription of the male .................. 225-230

Reinhard Sutter

Apatema impunctella Amsel, 1940, stat. rev. (Autostichidae) ................ 231-236

Book review cecicccsviscasicsssvvevssivsnesda nr anne nn ea EE 161-162

Nota lepid. 28 (3/4): 159-161 159

Type specimens of ‘Cossidae’ described by W. Koshantschikov

ROMAN V. YAKOVLEV

57-81, Chkalova, Barnaul, 656049, Russia; e-mail: yakovlev_r@mail.ru

Abstract. The type material of Duomitella relicta Koshantschikov, 1923 and Stygia gerassimovii

Koshantschikov, 1923 is revised, and lectotypes for both taxa are designated. One new synonym Brachodes

appendiculata (Esper, 1783) = Stygia gerassimovii Koshantschikov, 1923, syn. n. is established and

the synonymization of Duomitella relicta Koshantschikov, 1923 with Scardia polypori (Esper, 1786)

(Tineidae) is confirmed.

Key words. Cossidae, Tineidae, Brachodidae, lectotypus, synonymy, Siberia, Minusinsk.

In his paper “Materialen zur Macrolepidoptera Fauna des Minussinsk [sic] Bezirkes

(Siberien Ienisey Gouv.)” Koshantschikov (1923) described two new species of Cossidae

(Lepidoptera), Duomitella relicta and Stygia gerassimovii. For the first species, a new

monotypic genus Duomitella was also erected. The descriptions were rather detailed,

but no figures were given. During work at the Zoological Institute of Russian Academy

of Sciences (St. Petersburg) I found the type material of these two species. Hereby I

designate lectotypes and discuss the systematic position of these taxa. My designations

of these lectotypes arc mach within the framework of my preparation of a catalogue of

the Cossidae of the Old World.

Duomitella relicta Koshantschikov, 1923: 22—25 (Figs. 1-2)

References: Zagulyaev 1973: 89 (= Scardia polypori (Esper, 1786)); Schoorl 1990: 242; Yakovlev 2004:

155 (= Scardia polypori (Esper, 1786)).

Material. Lectotype (here designated): 9 in perfect condition with labels: 1- (rectangular yellowish

paper typed label) “Moxapckne o3épa [Mozharskie lakes] | 29.07. e.[x] L.[arva] | 1920, Ko>KaHunKoß

[Koshantschikov]"; 2- (red circle); 3- (rectangular yellowish paper label with inscription made by

Koshantschikov in black Indian ink) “Duomitella | relicta S type” (and typed inscription) “Koshantschikov

R. Yakovlev des. | 2005”. 10°, 19 are designated paralectotypes.

Tue Mh

WKoshan schikov

Figs. 1-2. Duomitella relicta Koshantschikov, 1923. 1. Lectotype. 2. Labels of lectotype.

Nota lepidopterologica, 17.02.2006, ISSN 0342-7536

160 YAKOVLEV: Types established by Koshantschikov

The species was described from 19 and 29 collected in “Mozharskie” marshes [E part

of Minusinsk district, Tiberkul’ (Itkul’) lake]. It was later synonymized with Scardia

polypori (Esper, 1786) (Tineidae) by Zagulyaev (1973). Schoorl (1990: 242) was not

aware of Zagulyaev’s work, but, having analysed the original description, he also came

to the conclusion that the taxon did not belong to Cossidae. My critical study of the

type material of Duomitella relicta Koshantschikov, 1923 totally confirms Zagulyaev’s

point of view.

Stygia gerassimovii Koshantschikov, 1923: 25-27, Syn. n. (Figs. 3-6)

References: Daniel 1954: 174; Schoorl 1990: 79; Yakovlev 2004: 161-162.

Material. Lectotype (here designated): © in perfect condition with labels: 1- (rectangular yellowish

paper typed label) “okp. Munycuucka [near Minusink] | 21.06.1920 | Koxanunkos [Koshantschikov]“;

2- (red circle); 3- (rectangular yellowish paper label with inscription made by Koshantschikov in black

Indian ink) “Stygia | gerassimovii © type” (and typed inscription) “Koshantschikov det.”; 4- (rectangular

239, 29 are designated as paralectotypes.

Aggie |

ro pt. |

Koshantschikov|

Gp Auuyesneral

A Yt

19404 l'epacnmou

| Oxp Manycuncra

+ det.

LAG —

tschikov

Figs. 3-6. Stygia gerassimovii Koshantschikov, 1923. 3. Lectotype. 4. Labels of lectotype. 5. Paralectotype, 9.

6. Labels of this paralectotype.

Nota lepid. 28 (3/4): 159-161 161

The species was described from 240° and 29 collected on Tagarsky island (river Yenisey,

near Minusinsk). Afterwards, it was only mentioned as a member of Cossidae (Daniel

1955; Schoorl 1990; Yakovlev 2004), and only on the basis of the detailed original

description. After a thorough analysis of Koshantschikov’s description, Vladimir V.

Dubatolov (Novosibirsk, Russia) assumed that the taxon could belong to Brachodidae.

The same assumption was admitted by Axel Kallies (Australia).

My study of the type material shows that the taxon does in fact belong to Brachodidae

and that it is conspecific with Brachodes appendiculata (Esper, 1783), a species known

from South and Central Europe, southern Urals, northern Kazakhstan, and southern

Siberia (Zagulyaev 1978).

Acknowledgements

I am grateful to S. Yu. Sinev (St. Petersburg) for his help during my work with the type material of the

Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, to V. V. Dubatolov (Novosibirsk) and Axel Kallies

(Australia) for their fruitful comments on the analysis of the Stygia gerassimovii description, to J. W.

Schoorl jr. (Holland) for his help in my search for rare publications, to Thomas Witt (Germany) for his

all-round support of this investigation, and to V. V. Zolotuhin (Ulyanovsk) for his helpful comments during

my work.

References

Daniel, F. 1955. Monographie der Cossidae. I. Kritishe Beurteilung der bisher dem Genus Stygia Latr.

zugeteilten Arten. — Mitteilungen der Miinchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft E.V., 45: 159-181, pl. 1.

Koshantschikov, W. 1923. Materialen zur Macrolepidoptera Fauna des Minussinsk Bezirkes (Siberien

Ienisey Gouv.). — Ezhegodnik gosudarstvennogo museja N.M. Mart’ yanova 1 (1-6): 25-27.

Schoorl, J. W. 1990. A phylogenetic study on Cossidae (Lepidoptera: Ditrysia) based on external adult

morphology. — Zoologische Verhandelingen. 263: 295 pp.

Yakovlev, R. V. 2004. Carpenter-moths (Lepidoptera, Cossidae) of Siberia. — Euroasian Entomological

Journal 3 (2): 155-163, pl. 1. (in Russian)

Zagulyaev, A. K. 1973. Nasekomye Cheshuekrylye, Fauna USSR 4 (4): 89 (in Russian)

Zagulyaev, A. K. 1978. Cossidae — Drevotochzy. P. 184. — In: G. S. Medvedev (ed.), Opredelitel’

nasekomykh evropeiskoi chasti SSSR 5 (4) Cheshuekrylye 1. — Leningrad, Nauka. (in Russian)

Book Review

Barry Goater, Matthias Nuss & Wolfgang Speidel. Pyraloidea I (Crambidae:

Acentropinae, Evergestinae, Heliothelinae, Schoenobiinae, Scopariinae). — Jn: Peter

Huemer & Ole Karsholt (eds.), Microlepidoptera of Europe, Volume 4. — Apollo Books,

Stenstrup. 304 pp. Hardcover (ISBN 87-88757-33-1). DKK 580.00.

This book’s publication is welcomed after some delay, which allowed Volume 5 to be published

ahead of volume 4. The size and binding is similar to earlier volumes in this series. It begins with

an abstract detailing taxonomic changes, there is then an introductory chapter on the Pyraloidea

describing the morphology of adults, their head, wings, tympanal organs and male and female

genitalia. The classification of Pyraloidea at family level has long been a matter of debate,

this book departs from the practice embodied e.g. in Karsholt & Razowski (1996) by using

two families: Pyralidae and Crambidae to separate the superfamily. The differences are well

known to taxonomists, Munroe (1972) and most authors following him retained the well known

name Pyralidae for the benefit of non specialists and used the terms Crambiform and Pyraliform

162 Book Review

to separate the two categories. Others have argued that the superfamily name is sufficient to

encompass the two groups and this position is accepted here. It means that non specialists who

recognised Pyralinae and Pyraustinae s./. as the broad winged mesolepidoptera will have to

remember to call them Pyraloids rather than Pyralids. The differences between these groups

are clearly set out in a table and the subfamilies belonging to each are listed in alphabetical

order, without any attempt to show their familial relationships. There follow some brief notes

about collecting and the preparation of moths and their genitalia. No reason is given for the

arbitrary selection of five Crambid subfamilies, but it is assumed that this is made necessary by

the state of knowledge and availability of specialists in those groups. A checklist of species is

given with a number assigned to each, the same number being used consistently for the species

descriptions and genitalia illustrations. Sensibly, introduced species are assigned letters, rather

than numbers, which would interrupt the sequence of European species. There then follows the

treatment of the respective subfamilies and their species. For the Acentropinae the introduction

is longer and includes a cladogram of the genera and additional morphological details. The

species accounts follow including a full synonymy, brief diagnosis, description of male and

female genitalia, distribution and biology. The Evergestinae have a shorter introduction, the

species accounts generally contain a longer diagnosis. Species from north Africa are also

included; the final two species are headed “Taxa incertae sedis” and left in their original genus.

The Heliothinae contains but one species in Europe and so this subfamily does not take many

pages, Schoenobiinae are treated in a similar manner to Acentropinae, with a few keys included.

The Scopariinae, on account of their greater numbers, occupy about half of the book. The

species accounts are concise but appear accurate. There follows a Distribution table for all

species, where the occurrence in each country is tabulated. This follows the pattern of Karsholt

& Razowski with some refinements, but different symbols described in the introduction are used

by some authors and not others. Scopariinae species have the country’s letters in upper case

only if they have been verified by the author. Parentheses for introductions are used without

explanation, and brackets for extinct species are used, but not consistently. The colour plates

showing the adults are made from photographs and are very clear. The Scopariinae are featured

on one plate natural size, but also on subsequent plates at 1.75 X natural size. Each specimen

figured has the data for that specimen detailed on the opposite page. Next the male genitalia

are illustrated, the Acentropinae, Evergestinae and Schoenobiinae by fine line drawings, the

remainder by photographs. Finally are the references and index. In any multi-author work of

this size there are likely to be errors and inconsistencies; for example the original spelling of

andalusicum is given in the checklist and species description, but is changed to andalusica in

the index and illustrations, Parapoynx stagnalis is stated as being introduced to England, even

though the author himself pointed out that this was a misidentification and gives the reference

to the correction! The distribution of Scoparia ancipitella is stated to be Lowland to montane

without it saying exactly where. Despite these minor shortcomings this volume must be warmly

welcomed, and the treatment of the Scopariinae is sure to remain a masterpiece for a difficult

group.

DAVID AGASSIZ

References

Karsholt, O. & Razowski, J. 1996. The lepidoptera of Europe, a distributional checklist. 380 pp. Stenstrup.

Munroe, E. 1972. Pyraloidea, Pyralidae comprising subfamilies Scopariinae, Nymphulinae. — /n: R. B. Dominick

et al. (eds), The Moths of America north of Mexico. 13.1A: 1-134. London.

Nota lepid. 28 (3/4): 163-166 163

Perizoma onurcani sp. n. from Turkey (Geometridae: Larentiinae)

FEzA CAN! & VLADIMIR MIRONOV ?

! University of Mustafa Kemal, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Entomology, 31034 Hatay,

Turkey; e-mail: fezacan@mku.edu.tr

? Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Department of Lepidopterology, Universitetskaya

nab. 1, RU-199034, Saint Petersburg, Russia; e-mail: pugs@zin.ru

Abstract. The description of a new geometrid moth, Perizoma onurcani sp. n., from northern Turkey

(Trabzon Province) is given. The holotype and two paratypes (all females) of the new taxon are kept in the

collection of the University of Mustafa Kemal, Hatay, Turkey (UMKH).

Zusammenfassung. Perizoma onurcani Sp. n. wird aus der nördlichen Türkei (Provinz Trabzon)

beschrieben. Der Holotypus und zwei Paratypen (alles Weibchen) der neuen Art werden in der Sammlung

der Mustafa Kemal Universität, Hatay, Türkei (UMKH) aufbewahrt.

Key words. Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Perizoma onurcani, new species, Turkey.

Introduction

After the publications of Riemis (1994), Viidalepp (1996) and Mironov (2000, 2003) on

the geometrid moths of Turkey, Transcaucasus (which belonged to the former U.S.S.R.),

and Europe, the species of the genus Perizoma Hübner, 1825 of the fauna of Asia Minor

were thought to be well known. Up until now, eight species of this genus have been

recorded from the territory of Turkey, 1.e. P. alchemillata (Linnaeus, 1758), P. hydrata

(Treitschke, 1829), P. parahydrata Alberti, 1969, P. gigas Wiltshire, 1976, P. bifaciata

(Haworth, 1809), P. blandiata ([Denis & Schiffermiiller], 1775), P. albulata ([Denis

& Schiffermiiller], 1775), and P. flavofasciata (Thunberg, 1792). Recently, however,

a new geometrid species was found near Trabzon, in the northern part of Turkey. This

species is externally reminiscent of representatives of the genera Pseudobaptria Inoue,

1982 (Inoue 1982; Sato 2002; Mironov 2003) and Epirrhoe Hübner, 1825 (Pierce 1914;

Prout 1912-1916; Bteszynski 1965; Urbahn 1968) rather than to any other species of

Perizoma. Nevertheless, the venation and the female genitalia of this species are typical

of representatives of the genus Perizoma (Pierce 1914; Prout 1912-1916; Bteszynski

1965; Mironov 2000, 2003).

Perizoma onurcani sp. n.

Material. Holotype 9. Turkey, Trabzon Province, Macka, Camliduz, 40°45’N;

39°28’E, 1516 m, 30.vi.2005, at light, leg. F Can (UMKH). Paratypes: 29, same data,

but 1470 m, 16.vi.2003, at light, leg. ©. Doganlar (slide no. 58) (UMKH).

Description (Fig. 1). Wingspan 26.5-28.0 mm; fore wing 14.5-15.0 mm. Labial palpi

about 1.2 times diameter of eye. Frons and vertex covered with black and white scales.

Antennae filiform, brown. Thorax dorsally covered with mixture of black and white

scales. Fore wing broad with slightly arched costal and terminal margins and rounded

Nota lepidopterologica, 17.02.2006, ISSN 0342-7536

164 Can & Mironov: Perizoma onurcani sp. n. from Turkey

Figs. 1-2. 1. Perizoma onurcani sp. n., holotype Q. 2. Female genitalia of Perizoma onurcani sp. n.

(slide no. 58).

apex; ground colour rich black and white; basal area broad, black, irrorate with white

scales, with broken broad white transverse band in middle; outer border of black basal

area evenly curved; medial area black, irrorate with white scales, broadened to costa,

divided by narrow, longitudinal white band along Cu2 and connected with terminal

area by two short, longitudinal black bands between M2-M3 and M3-Cul; outer border

of medial area strongly curved twice towards termen of fore wing; terminal area broad,

black, with narrow, wavy white subterminal line forming small whitish spot at termen

between M2 and M3. Fringe clearly chequered black and white. Hind wing rounded,

broad; basal half covered with mixture of black and white scales; outer border of basal

area sinuate, darker, blackish; transverse band between basal and terminal areas very

broad and clearly white; terminal area broad, black, slightly irrorate with white scales,

especially along inner border, with whitish wavy subterminal line; discal dot small,

rounded or ovoid, black, placed in basal area closer to costal margin of hind wing;

fringes as on fore wing. Abdomen pale grey, irrorate with black scales, with narrow

black transverse bands along posterior margin of each segment.

Female genitalia (Fig. 2). Bursa copulatrix large, ovate, membranous, with

one narrow, elongate scobinate signum. Ductus seminalis attached to posterior part of

corpus bursae near base of colliculum. Colliculum collar-like, rather flat, large, elongate

and broad, slightly tapered posteriorly. Antrum membranous. Tergite A8 rather broad

Nota lepid. 28 (3/4): 163-166 165

with rounded posterior corners and broad, slightly sclerotized medial area. Anterior and

posterior apophyses thin, elongate, slightly expanded at apices; posterior apophyses

dilated at their bases. Basal arms of anterior apophyses connected with each other by

a long and narrow, heavily sclerotized band encircling antrum. Papillae anales large,

rather broad and elongate, covered with numerous medium-sized setae.

Habitat. The type series was collected at light at altitudes of 1,470 to 1,516 m above

sea level. The natural vegetation in this area is ‘plateau dominated’ by forest roses,

blackberry, privet, firebush, fern, wild strawberry, as well as forest trees such as spruce,

fir, and beech.

Life history. The moths were collected while flying to the light of mercury vapor lamps

(160 W). The immature stages are unknown.

Distribution. The species is known only from its type locality — the northern part of

Asian Turkey (Trabzon Province).

Derivatio nominis. This species is dedicated to Onurcan - the son of Dr. Feza Can

(Doganlar).

Remarks. This species is, externally, reminiscent of representatives of the

genera Pseudobaptria and Epirrhoe rather than of any other species of the

genus Perizoma. Perizoma onurcani sp. n. can be recognized readily and

distinguished easily from any other Larentiinae species by the distinctive

black and white maculation. The female genitalia are more similar to those of

Perizoma flavofasciata (Thunberg, 1792), but clearly distinguishable by the

shorter scobinate signum in the bursa copulatrix and the presence of a slightly

longitudinally sclerotized, medial area on the eighth tergite. The relationship of

Perizoma onurcani sp.n. with any other species of this genus is not known.

Acknowledgements

We wish to express our thanks to the following colleagues who helped during fieldwork: Dr. Oguzhan

Doganlar (UMKH, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Entomology), Dr. Cigdem Ulubas Serce (UMKH,

Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Phytopathology), Dr. Sedat Serce (UMKH, Faculty of Agriculture,

Department of Horticultural Crops), and Dr. Murat Kiitiik (University of Inonu, Faculty of Science and

Letters , Department of Biology, Malatya, Turkey). Bernard Landry kindly improved the English text.

References

Bleszynski, S. 1965. Klucze do Oznaczania Owadow Polski, Czesc 27. Motyle — Lepidoptera, Zeszyt 46

b, Miernikowce — Geometridae, Podrodzina Hydriomeninae, Warszawa, 305 pp.

Inoue, H. 1982. Geometridae. — Jn: H. Inoue et al., Moths of Japan, vol. 1: 425-573, vol. 2: 263-310.

— Kodansha, Tokyo.

Mironov, V. G. 2000. Sistematika pjadenitz triby Perizomini (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Larentiinae).

[Systematics of the Geometrid Moth tribe Perizomini (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Larentiinae)].

— Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie 79 (1): 112-122.

Mironov, V. 2003. Larentiinae II (Perizomini and Eupitheciini). — Jn: A. Hausmann, The Geometrid Moths

of Europe 4. — Apollo Books, Stenstrup. 463 pp.

Pierce, F. N. 1914. The genitalia of the group Geometridae of the Lepidoptera of the British Islands.

— Liverpool, XXIX + 88 pp., 48 pls.

166 Can & Mironov: Perizoma onurcani sp. n. from Turkey

Prout, L. B. 1912-1916. Die spannerartigen Nachtfalter. — Zn: A. Seitz, Die Gross-Schmetterlinge des

Palaarktischen Faunengebietes 4. Stuttgart, 479 pp., 25 pls.

Riemis, A. 1994. Geometridae of Turkey 3. A provisional list of the Geometridae of Turkey (Lepidoptera).

— Phegea 22 (1): 15-22.

Sato, R. 2002. Taxonomic notes on Pseudobaptria corydalaria (Graeser) (Geometridae, Larentiinae) and

its allies from Russia, Japan, China and Europe, with description of one new species from China.

— Tinea 17 (1): 33-41.

Urbahn, E. 1968. Was ist Epirrhoé tartuensis Möls 1965? — Nachrichtenblatt der Bayerischen Entomologen

17 (2): 17-25.

Viidalepp, J. 1996. Checklist of the Geometridae (Lepidoptera) of the former U.S.S.R. — Apollo Books,

Stenstrup. 111 pp.

Nota lepid. 28 (3/4): 167-175 167

Chesias angeri Schawerda, 1919 stat. rev., a long neglected

species from northern Italy (Geometridae)

PETER HUEMER ! & CARLO MORANDINI ?

! Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum, Naturwissenschaftliche Sammlungen, Feldstraße 11a,

A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; e-mail: p.huemer@tiroler-landesmuseum.at

2 Museo Friulano di Storia Naturale, Via Marangoni 39/41, I-33100 Udine, Italy;

e-mail: carlo.morandini@comune.udine.it

Abstract. Chesias angeri Schawerda, 1919, has been discovered in north-eastern Italy (Friuli Venezia

Giulia) for the first time since its description. The hitherto disputed species is characterized by an invariable

unique pattern of the forewing and other external characters that differ from those of the related C. rufata

(Fabricius, 1775). The male genitalia are very similar to those of C. rufata. However, the female genitalia

exhibit significant differences and support separate specific status. Morphological characters of both

species are figured.

Zusammenfassung. Chesias angeri Schawerda, 1919, wurde erstmals seit ihrer Beschreibung in

Nordostitalien (Friuli Venezia Giulia) wiederentdeckt. Die bisher umstrittene Art zeichnet sich gegentiber

der nahe Verwandten C. rufata (Fabricius, 1775) durch konstante Zeichnungsunterschiede im Vorderfliigel

sowie weitere habituelle Merkmale aus. Die männlichen Genitalien sind jenen von C. rufata sehr ahnlich,

jedoch finden sich in den Weibchen signifikante Differenzen, die einen separaten Artstatus belegen.

Morphologische Merkmale beider Arten werden dargestellt.

Key words. Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Chesias angeri, Italy.

Introduction

The genus Chesias Treitschke, 1825 is restricted to the western Palaearctic region

where it comprises ten species (Scoble 1999). However, the taxonomy at the specific

and subspecific levels is highly disputed even for the European fauna. Müller (1996)

accepted five European species including C. legatella (Denis & Schiffermiiller, 1775),

C. rufata (Fabricius, 1775), C. isabella Schawerda, 1915, C. pinkeri Schawerda, 1939,

and C. zuellichi Schawerda, 1939. However, according to Hausmann et al. (2005), C.

linogrisearia Constant, 1888 is accepted as a valid species and C. zuellichi is regarded as

a synonym of C. pinkeri, the latter, at the same time, being downgraded to a subspecies

of C. rufata. Furthermore, C. capriata Prout, 1904 is considered a valid species, and

not a subspecies of C. legatella.

The regional checklist of the Italian fauna (Raineri & Zangheri 1995) included two

species only, viz. C. legatella and C. rufata. However, according to the above mentioned

studies C. capriata and C. linogrisearia have to be added.

Despite all efforts the identity of another species from Italy remained obscure till now.

The taxon described as Chesias angeri Schawerda, 1919, was either ignored by authors

(Forster & Wohlfahrt 1981; Miiller 1996; Raineri & Zangheri 1995), treated as a valid

species (Scoble 1999) or considered as a synonym of C. rufata (Hausmann et al. 2005),

based on the examination of a single male syntype without abdomen (Hausmann in

litt., referring to the examination of Viidalepp, the author of the forthcoming volume 3

of Geometrid Moths of Europe). However, the well known Austrian lepidopterist Karl

Schawerda described C. angeri as a good species, based on three male specimens that

Nota lepidopterologica, 17.02.2006, ISSN 0342-7536

168 HUEMER & MoRANDINI: Chesias angeri, a long neglected species

were collected by A. Buchtik on 18th April 1918 at San Quirino, by Prof. F. Anger on

5th May 1918 at Muscoli near Cervignano, and by F. Wagner in May 1918 at Magredis

(Schawerda 1919), all localities situated in the north-eastern corner of Italy (provinces

of Udine and Pordenone). Additional material collected by Wagner from 10th to 18th

April 1918 was not included in the original description (Wagner 1923). The very

distinct external appearance left no doubt that it was a new species and Schawerda

(1919) figured it in black and white.

For decades no further specimens of C. angeri were collected, despite some specific

search by Pinker at the type locality Magredis (Kusdas & Thurner 1955). Consequently

the latter authors regarded the species to be, possibly, a rare form of C. rufata. The

lack of material probably contributed significantly to the ignorance and omission of

the species in standard European literature. In recent years the second author was able

to collect a series of Chesias that were tentatively identified as C. rufata. Discussions

with the first author and examination of several specimens showed the rediscovery of

C. angeri. Morphological characters such as wing markings and female genitalia leave

no doubt as to specific status. Therefore, the species rank is re-established, the taxon is

re-described, and the male and female genitalia are figured for the first time.

Chesias angeri Schawerda, 1919 stat. rev.

Material. 39,59, Italy, prov. Udine, Campoformido, 80 m, 16.iv.2000, leg. Morandini; 20°, 39, same

data, but 21.iv.2000, 30°, 39, same data, but 23.iv.2000; 20°, same data, but 9.v.2003 (colls. Museo Friulano

di Storia Naturale, Udine; Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum, Innsbruck; Zoologische Staatssammlung,

Miinchen; Morin, Monfalcone). The exact locality is not stated for conservation purposes.

Redescription. Adult (Figs. 2, 4, 6). Wingspan: ©, 27 mm (n=1); 9, 25-27 mm (n=5).

Labial palpus porrect, brown, ventral and inner surface lighter, greyish brown. Frons,

vertex, tegula and thorax greyish brown, mixed with some brown. Abdomen greyish

brown, margins of segments lighter. Forewing rather narrow, pointed, termen oblique;

ground colour light greyish brown with two darker lines almost parallel to termen; brown,

narrow, oblique basal line at one fifth abruptly turned costad near subcosta; medial line

almost absent, occasionally indistinctly developed with weakly light rust-brown area

towards basal line; dark rust-brown, moderately broad, straight and oblique postmedial

fascia from middle of inner margin towards two-thirds of costa; subterminal area with

whitish line, slightly curved towards termen at tornus; area between termen and fascia

suffused with dark brown scales; dark brown apical streak and dark brown, persistent

terminal line present; hindwing light greyish-brown, without distinct markings.

Genitalia © (Figs. 9-10). Uncus long, almost clavate; tegumen narrow; valva broad,

with sclerotized rod along ventromedial surface, saccular margin basally rounded,

distal part slightly emarginated, apex of valva broadly rounded with pointed costal

part; transtilla consisting of pair of broad and setose papillae; juxta with prominent,

spine-like caudal process, lateral processes absent; vinculum with long, rod-like saccus,

slightly shorter than uncus; phallus long and very slender, slightly curved near base.

Genitalia 9 (Fig. 12). Papillae anales small; apophyses posteriores rather long,

about two times length of tergum A8; apophyses anteriores short, about half length of

Nota lepid. 28 (3/4): 167-175 169

Figs. 1-6. Adults of Chesias species. 1, 3, 5. Chesias rufata (Fabricius, 1775). 2, 4, 6. Chesias angeri

Schawerda, 1919. (scale bar = 1 cm)

tergum A8; tergum A8 sub-rectangular, with convex posterior and concave anterior

margin; sternum A7 with broad and convex anterior margin, inserted by slightly

sclerotized antrum; ductus bursae short, about length of segment A8, well sclerotized

and slightly curved anteriorly, abruptly joining pear-shaped entrance of corpus bursae;

corpus bursae large, main part almost globular, densely covered with star-shaped signa,

less spinose posteriorly.

170 HUEMER & MOoRANDINI: Chesias angeri, a long neglected species

Figs. 7-10. Male genitalia of Chesias species. 7-8. Chesias rufata (Fabricius, 1775). 9-10. Chesias angeri

Schawerda, 1919.

Nota lepid. 28 (3/4): 167-175 171

Differential diagnosis. C. angeri differs from C. rufata in numerous external characters

(Figs. 1-6) that have all been described in details already by Schawerda (1919).

Particularly the dark forewing markings of both species are completely different: the

basal line and the post-medial fascia are almost parallel to the termen in C. angeri

and the ante-medial line of C. rufata is completely absent. Furthermore, the distinct

postmedial fascia of C. rufata is slightly angulate towards the cell and turns straight

from about two-thirds of the costa to three-quarters of the inner margin where it ends

right-angled. Instead of a slightly curved subterminal line C. rufata exhibits a straight

whitish wavy line and the dark brown terminal line is interrupted in the latter species

whereas it is persistent in C. angeri. Finally, C. angeri is smaller and more narrow-

winged than C. rufata and the colour of its hindwings is lighter.

The genitalia are particularly distinct in the females (Figs. 11-12) throughout the genus.

C. angeri is characterized by a comparatively short ductus bursae meeting the globular

corpus bursae in the posterior section. In C. rufata the ductus bursae is much longer

and caudally coiled, meeting the reniform corpus bursae laterally. The male genitalia of

both species are very similar and alleged differences such as in the shape of the valva

seem to underplay intraspecific variation (Figs. 7-10). However, only two males of

C. angeri could be examined so far. The genitalia are also particularly similar to those

of C. rhegmatica Prout, 1937, from Cyprus, which, however, is completely different

externally.

Distribution. North-eastern Italy (Fig. 13). Only known from a few closely situated

localities: Campoformido (prov. Udine, UTM UL 59); Cervignano del Friuli, Muscoli

(prov. Udine, UTM UL 77); Povoletto, Magredis (prov. Udine, UTM UM61); San

Quirino (prov. Pordenone, UTM UM 20). Reputedly occurring in Bosnia-Herzegovina

(Scoble 1999), but this reference is based on a misinterpretation of the original

description. Schawerda (1919) only mentioned that one of his collectors, A. Buchtik,

who found the new species in San Quirino, had collected for him in the Herzegovina

for several years in earlier times.

Life history. The habitat (Fig. 14) of C. angeri is permanent xerophilous meadows

with a continuous sward and a rich flora of up to 60 species within 100 square meters.

This vegetation grows on an alluvial gravel substrate, has never been fertilized, and

is mown once or twice a year. Phyto-sociologically it belongs to the Onobrychio

arenariae-Brometum erecti association with numerous xerophilous species such as

Onobrychis arenaria (Kit.) DC., Ononis spinosa L., Anthyllis vulneraria ssp. polyphylla

(DC.) Nyman (Fabaceae), Thymus pulegioides L. (Lamiaceae), Knautia illyrica Beck

(Dipsacaceae), Dianthus carthusianorum ssp. sanguineus Vis. (Caryophyllaceae),

Filipendula vulgaris Moench. (Rosaceae), Bromus erectus L. (Poaceae) and to signify

acidification of the soil also Genista tinctoria L. (Fabaceae).

As far as known the larvae of the species of Chesias feed on Cytisus L. and Genista

L. (Fabaceae) and those of C. rufata have been recorded from Cytisus scoparius (L.)

Link. (= Sarothamnus scoparius) (Wall 1975). The yet undescribed mature caterpillar

of C. angeri has been found by the second author from late May to mid-June, feeding

on the flowers of Genista tinctoria L. It is 3 cm long, olive green with a lateral white

line, and it has been observed several times and collected with a net on flowers of the

172 HUEMER & MoRANDINI: Chesias angeri, a long neglected species

Mas)

rn“ 4

aa ded

“ir

Figs. 11-12. Female genitalia of Chesias species. 11. Chesias rufata (Fabricius, 1775). 12. Chesias angeri

Schawerda, 1919.

host-plant. Pupation took place in the ground and the adults emerged from the end of

March to the end of April after the hibernation of the pupae. Wagner (1923) observed

a number of specimens flying for short distances when disturbed, or flushed up from

vegetation and resting on stalks of Genista sp. and other plants. The type locality at

Magredis was dominated by Calluna Salisb. (Ericaceae) and Genista L. according to

this author. Similarly, the second author observed the species during daytime. However,

considering nocturnal activity patterns in related taxa, it is very likely that the adults are

also attracted to light during the night. In the field the adults have been observed from

mid-April to the first decade of May, indicating one generation.

Remarks. The type material of C. angeri could not be found in the collections of the

Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna. One syntype was borrowed for a plate of habitus

photographs for the third volume of the book series ‘Geometrid Moths of Europe.’ The

photograph was examined and conspecificity with our new material was confirmed

(Hausmann pers. comm.).

Nota lepid. 28 (3/4): 167-175 173

MEI

ast | | | (ez

DIME Ress ©

pi wd | fel | Lk | | VO

| lel |

Fig. 13. Collecting localities of Chesias angeri Schawerda, 1919 (white area: Friuli Venezia Giulia, the

northeastern region of Italy).

Discussion

The rediscovery of a striking species such as C. angeri is surprising, particularly

within the well explored central European region. However, the faunistic composition

of Lepidoptera in the north-easternmost part of Italy is still insufficiently known and

numerous remarkable new records and even new species have been found in this area

in recent years (Mikkola 1998; Huemer 2002a; 2002b; Huemer & Kaila, 2003; Huemer

et al. 2005). Despite a strong human impact and the destruction of large parts of the

Friulian plane by intensive agriculture some most remarkable relict habitats that are

unique within Europe are restricted to this area. Beside the last large and natural alpine

river systems with tremendous gravel shores e.g. along the rivers Tagliamento, Meduna

and Cellina, a specialised type of xerophilous meadow (the so-called “magredi”)

growing on alluvial gravely substrate is typical for the central parts of the plane. It varies

from discontinuous vegetation to continuous herbaceous covering and is inhabited by a

174 HUEMER & MORANDINI: Chesias angeri, a long neglected species

Fig. 14. Habitat of Chesias angeri Schawerda, 1919.

remarkable flora and fauna which even includes some discontinuously distributed local

endemic plants, e.g. Brassica glabrescens Poldini (Brassicaceae), Knautia ressmannii

(Pacher) Briq. (Dipsacaceae), Centaurea dichroantha A. Kern. and Leontodon berinii

(Bartl.) Roth. (Asteraceae). However, the lepidopterous community of this habitat type

is explored insufficiently though some interesting species have been found recently,

e.g. undescribed species of Apatetris sp. and Megacraspedus sp. (Gelechiidae),

Trifurcula trasaghica Lastuvka & Lastuvka, 2005 (Nepticulidae), or the first Italian

records of Scrobipalpa halonella (Herrich-Schaffer, 1854), Stenoptilia mariaeluisae

Bigot & Picard, 2002 (Pterophoridae) and Asartodes monspesulalis (Duponchel,

1833) (Pyralidae). The habitat of C. angeri cannot be considered as typical “magredi”

but instead an advanced succession stage of xerophilous meadows with continuous

vegetation. This kind of habitat is particularly endangered and highly fragmented and

even the extent of formerly widely distributed “magredi” in a wider sense has been

reduced to less than 1000 ha during the last century.

Acknowledgements

We would like to express our gratitude to Dr. Axel Hausmann (Zoologische Staatssammlung, Munich)

for kindly providing various information and carefully checking the manuscript. Furthermore we thank

Stefan Heim (Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum, Innsbruck) for taking the photographs of the adults

and genitalia.

Nota lepid. 28 (3/4): 167-175 175

References

Forster, W. & Th. A. Wohlfahrt 1981. Die Schmetterlinge Mitteleuropas 5. Spanner (Geometridae). —

Franckh’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart, 312 pp., 26 pls. [reprint of fascicles].

Hausmann A., V. Mironov & J. Viidalepp 2005. Geometridae. — In: O. Karsholt & E. van Nieukerken,

Lepidoptera. — Fauna Europaea, Version 1.2. — http://www.faunaeur.org [visited at March 7, 2005].

Huemer, P. 2002a. Agdistis morini sp. n., a new plume moth from Friuli-Venezia Giulia (Italy) (Lepidoptera,

Pterophoridae). — Gortania, Atti del Museo Friulano di Storia Naturale 23: 187-196.

Huemer, P. 2002b. New records of Lepidoptera for the fauna of Italy from the collections of the Museo

Friulano di Storia Naturale, Udine (Lepidoptera). — Gortania, Atti del Museo Friulano di Storia

Naturale 23: 197-205.

Huemer P. & L. Kaila 2003. Elachista (Elachista) morandinii sp.n., a new species from Central Europe

(Lepidoptera, Elachistidae). — Gortania, Atti del Museo Friulano di Storia Naturale 24: 211-220.

Huemer, P., C. Morandini & L. Morin. 2005. New records of Lepidoptera for the Italian fauna (Lepidoptera).

— Gortania, Atti del Museo Friulano di Storia Naturale 26: 261-274.

Kusdas, K. & J. Thurner 1955. Beitrag zur Insektenfauna der Provinz Udine (Oberitalien). — Atti del 1°

Convegno Friulano di Scienze Naturali Udine, 4 — 5 settembre 1955: 273-334.

Mikkola, K. 1998. Revision of the genus Xylomoia Staudinger (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), with descriptions

of two new species. — Systematic Entomology 23 (2): 173-186.

Müller, B. 1996. Geometridae. Pp. 218-249. — In: Karsholt, O. & J. Razowski (eds.), The Lepidoptera of

Europe. — Apollo Books, Stenstrup.

Raineri, V. & S. Zangheri 1995. Lepidoptera Drepanoidea, Axioidea, Geometroidea. 23 pp. — Jn: A. Minelli,

S. Ruffo & S. La Posta (eds.), Checklist delle specie della fauna italiana 91. — Calderini, Bologna.

Schawerda, K. 1919. Eine neue Makrolepidopterenart. Chesias angeri Schawerda. — Zeitschrift des

österreichischen Entomologen-Vereines 4: 24—25.

Scoble, M. J. (ed.) 1999. Geometrid moths of the world: a catalogue (Lepidoptera, Geometridae). - CSIRO

Publishing, Collingwood, 482 + 129 pp. (index).

Wagner, F. 1923. Beiträge zur Lepidopteren-Fauna der Provinz Udine (Ital. sept. or.) nebst kritischen

Bemerkungen und Beschreibung einiger neuen Formen. — Zeitschrift des österreichischen Entomologen-

Vereines 8: 14-26, 34-44, 51-54.

Wall, C. 1975. The biology of the British species of Chesias (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). — Entomologist’s

Gazette 26: 89-106.

Nota lepid. 28 (3/4): 177-192 177

A new species of Agonopterix feeding on giant hogweed

(Heracleum mantegazzianum) in the Caucasus, with a discussion

of the nomenclature of A. heracliana (Linnaeus) (Depressariidae)

OLE KARSHOLT |, ALEXANDR L. Lvovsky ? & CHARLOTTE NIELSEN *

! Zoologisk Museum, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Kgbenhavn ©, Denmark;

e-mail: okarsholt@snm.ku.dk

? Zoological Institute, Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaja 1, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia;

e-mail: lepid@zin.ru

> Danish Centre for Forest, Landscape and Planning, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University,

Hgrsholm Kongevej 11, DK-2970 H¢grsholm, Denmark; e-mail: chn@kvl.dk

Abstract. Agonopterix caucasiella sp. n. is described and compared with its closest relatives, A. ciliella

(Stainton, 1849) and A. heracliana (Linnaeus, 1758). Adults and genitalia of these species are figured.

The life history of A. caucasiella sp. n. in the Caucasus is described. Its larva feeds in the umbels of

Heracleum mantegazzianum Sommier & Lévier (Apiaceae) (giant hogweed), an invasive weed in Europe,

which is moreover toxic to human skin. The complicated and controversial nomenclature of the related

A. heracliana (Linnaeus) (Phalaena (Tortrix)) is discussed, as is that of Depressaria heracliana (Linnaeus)

sensu auctt. For the latter the name D. radiella (Goeze, 1783) is valid, whereas D. heraclei (Retzius, 1783)

is shown to be invalid. A lectotype is designated for Pyralis applana Fabricius, 1777. Phalaena radiella

Goeze, 1783 is fixed as the type-species of Depressaria Haworth, 1811.

Zusammenfassung. Agonopterix caucasiella sp. n. wird beschrieben und mit ihren nächsten Verwandten

A. ciliella (Stainton, 1849) und A. heracliana (Linnaeus, 1758) verglichen. Die Falter und die Genitalien

dieser Arten werden abgebildet. Die Lebensweise von A. caucasiella sp. n. im Kauskaus wird beschrieben.

Ihre Larven fressen an den Dolden von Heracleum mantegazzianum Sommier & Lévier (Apiaceae) (Riesen-

bärenklau), ein Neophyt in Europa, welcher für die menschliche Haut giftig ist. Die komplizierte und

widersprüchliche Nomenklatur der verwandten A. heracliana (Linnaeus) (Phalaena (Tortrix)) wird dis-

kutiert, genauso wie Depressaria heracliana (Linnaeus) sensu auctt. Fiir letztere ist der Name D. radiella

(Goeze, 1783) verfiigbar, wahrend D. heraclei (Retzius, 1783) nicht verfiigbar ist. Ein Lectotypus wird

fiir Pyralis applana Fabricius, 1777 festgelegt. Phalaena radiella Goeze, 1783 wird als Typusart von

Depressaria Haworth, 1811 festgelegt.

Key words. Biological control, nomenclature of Microlepidoptera, Depressariidae, Agonopterix,

Heracleum mantegazzianum, Caucasus.

Introduction

Over the last century classical biological control, the use of living organisms to control

pest populations, has become an increasing practice for controlling invasive weeds

(Fowler & Holden 1994; Wittenberg & Cock 2001). It is hypothesized that weeds

become invasive partly because they are introduced without their natural enemies

(Blossey & Nötzold 1995; Keane & Crawley 2002). Released from the regulatory effect

of plant diseases and insect herbivory, the plants establish themselves and proliferate

rapidly in the introduced region. The strategy of classical weed biocontrol is therefore

to search the native area of the plant for suitable natural enemies and introduce the

biological control agents into the invaded regions.

Giant hogweed, Heracleum mantegazzianum Sommier & Lévier (Apiaceae), is an

invasive weed in Europe and has spread rapidly during the last decades. The plant is

native to the Caucasus, South-West Asia, where it occurs in forest edges and meadows,

Nota lepidopterologica, 17.02.2006, ISSN 0342-7536

178 KARSHOLT et al.: À new Agonopterix from the Caucasus

Figs. 1-6. Adults of Agonopterix species. 1-2. A. caucasiella sp. n. 9, Paratypes from Russia, Caucasus,

Karachay-Cherkessie Rep., Zelenchukskaya environment. 3-5. A. heracliana (Linnaeus). 3, 5. ©, Denmark.

4. 9, Poland. 6. A. ciliella (Stainton). ©, Denmark.

or at stream sides in montane areas (Mandenova 1950; Tiley et al. 1996). Strikingly

impressive in size and height, H. mantegazzianum was brought to European botanical

gardens as an ornamental in the late 19" century (Pysek 1994). Due to high competitive

ability and abundant seed production the plant has established in many countries of

Europe, especially in Central Europe, where typical habitats are river banks, damp

places and waste ground.

Once established, H. mantegazzianum can become the dominant vegetation forming

monospecific stands which may reduce biodiversity and degrade habitat quality.

Another main reason for controlling the plant is the health hazard to humans. The

reaction of human skin to contact with plant sap and subsequent sun exposure causes

Nota lepid. 28 (3/4): 177-192 179

severe blistering followed by postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (Lundstrôm 1984;

Pathak 1986). The need for sustainable solutions to stop further spread and prevent

future invasions led to the initiation of the “Giant Alien” Project. This collaborative

multidisciplinary project was a part of the EU 5" Framework Program with the overall

objective to develop an integrated management strategy that comprises effective,

practicable and sustainable means of controlling giant hogweed. Biological control

may act as a component of an integrated approach to prevent the spread of the plant,

and during 2002 and 2003 herbivorous insect species and fungal plant pathogens

associated with H. mantegazzianum were sought in the area of origin in the north-

western Caucasus (Seier et al. 2003; Hansen et al. 2006).

In 2003, larvae and pupae of an undescribed species of the genus Agonopterix Hübner,

1825 (Depressariidae) were found in the flowering umbels of H. mantegazzianum at a

single location in the Russian Caucasus. In the following year the search for this species

was intensified and several stands of H. mantegazzianum were investigated in the area

of the first discovery. Based on observations and collections during field expeditions in

2003 and 2004 the aim of this paper is to describe the biology, morphology, systematics

and nomenclature of the new species, compared with its closest relatives.

Materials and methods

Two field surveys of phytophagous insects associated with H. mantegazzianum were

undertaken in the north-western Caucasus from 8-15 August 2003 and 23-30 July

2004. Six different populations located in the Karachay-Cherkessia Republic, Russian

Federation were visited. Grid references and altitude of the locations surveyed in 2004

are listed below in Tab. 1.

The habitats included river banks, abandoned fields, mountain slopes and forest clearings

and the populations each comprised at least one hundred adult individuals in a flowering

or reproductive stage. In forest clearings and mountain slopes at higher altitudes

(Fig. 15) the giant hogweed plants were scattered in a tall herb community, while the

plants formed more dense stands in habitats such as abandoned fields (Fig. 13).

Collecting was mainly focused on the search for larvae in the flower buds and the umbels

but also leaf sheaths were examined for pupae. Other plant parts such as leaves and

stems were only briefly investigated. Adult moths were not observed during the surveys

and no attempts were made to collect adults by light or bait trapping. Three of the six

localities were also visited on a second occasion where all flower buds and umbels of

randomly selected plants were registered and thoroughly examined for larvae. Umbel

diameter, position, and phenology (early flower, mature flower, late flower, early seed,

mature seed) were recorded and the length of larvae collected was measured. At each

locality between 14 and 22 plants were examined.

The larvae and pupae were collected in plastic containers, adding fresh food when

necessary. After rearing the immature stages to adult emergence in climatic chambers

at room temperature the moths were identified. No larvae or pupae of other species of

Lepidoptera were found during examination of the Heracleum plants in the Caucasus.

180 KARSHOLT et al.: À new Agonopterix from the Caucasus

Abbreviations

BMNH The Natural History Museum, London, UK

ICZN International Commission for Zoological Nomenlature

ZIN Zoological Institute, Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia

ZMUC Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen, Denmark

Ki Unavailable name

RESULTS

Agonopterix caucasiella sp. n.

Material. Holotype: ©, “Russia, Caucasus | 44°09’N, 40°04’E | Majkop, 1300 m | Lago Naki 1 | pup.

12.viii.2003 | Heracleum mantegazzianum | leg. C. Nielsen” “Gen. præparat No 43749 Agonopterix sp. H.

Hendriksen.” (ZIN). Paratypes (all “Russia, Caucasus, Heracleum mantegazzianum, leg. C. Nielsen” — for

longitude/latitude of specimens from 2004 see table 1): 19, 44°07’N, 40°02’E, Adigeya Rep., Majkop,

Lago Naki 3, 1514 m, pup. 12.v111.2003; 30°, 43°39’N, 41°24’E; Karachay-Cherkessie Rep., Arhyz,

Karacevesk, 1762 m, la. 9.viti.2003; 10°, 29, Karachay-Cherkessie Rep., 8 km S Storozhevaya, 1020 m,

la[rva] 24.v11.2004; 80°, 69, Karachay-Cherkessie Rep., 6 km W Pregradnaya, 960 m, la[rva].25.v11.2004;

80°, 109, Karachay-Cherkessie Rep., 7 km SEE Pregradnaya, 950 m, la.25.-28.v11.2004; 70, 69, Karachay-

Cherkessie Rep., Zelenchukskaya env., 920 m, la. 25.-29.v11.2004; 30°, 29, Karachay-Cherkessie Rep.,

Zelenchukskaya region, 6 km SSW Nizhnij Arkhyz, 1760 m, la. 27.vii.2004; 39, Karachay-Cherkessie

Rep., Zelenchukskaya region, 6 km SW Nizhniy Arkhyz, 1350 m, la. 27.-28.v11.2004 (paratypes in coll.

ZIN, ZMUC and C. Nielsen).

Diagnosis. The new species (Figs. 1-2) is externally very close to A. ciliella (Stainton,

1849) (Fig. 6) and A. heracliana (Linnaeus, 1758) (Figs. 3-5), differing from them in

the forewing which has two distinct white spots in the middle of the cell (A. ciliella

and A. heracliana have two black dots here, with only a little white admixture), and

a transverse patch of lighter reddish brown between discal dot and termen. The main

difference is in the structure of the male genitalia, especially in the shape of the cuiller.

The new species is characterized by the noticeably curved cuiller with an oppositely

curved apex (Fig. 7). A. ciliella and A. heracliana have slightly curved cuiller with the

apex turned in the same direction (Figs. 8, 9).

Description. Forewing length 9-11 mm, wingspan 20-24 mm. Head yellowish white

mottled with grey, frons white. Antenna grey with black transverse bars on upper

surface; upperside of scape black, underside white. Second segment of labial palpus

white with black scales, sometimes mottled with pink scales; apical segment white with

pink shade and two black rings near base and near apex. Thorax covered with black,

brown and white scales. Forewing rather dark reddish brown mixed with black scales,

near the base some white scales; along the costal margin black scales alternating with

pink scales; discal dot white; in the middle of the cell two white dots, the lower one

being especially large and conspicuous; between these two dots and the discal dot is an

additional small white dot, which is sometimes absent; fringe brownish grey; between

discal dot and termen is a transverse patch of lighter reddish brown. Hindwing grey

with grey fringe and darker veins. Underside of forewing dark grey with a row of pale

dots along the costal and outer margins. Female similar to male.

The specimens of the type series exhibit only minor variation. Worn specimens tend to

be lighter than freshly emerged ones.

Nota lepid. 28 (3/4): 177-192 181

Male genitalia (Figs.7,7a). Gnathos elongated, spindle-shaped and spinuliferous.

Transtilla of uniform width. Valva narrowing to rounded apex. Cuiller (sclerotized

process on the distal end of sacculus) noticeably curved towards apex of valva, with

apex of cuiller curved towards the costal margin of the valva. Phallus rather short, more

or less straight, with tiny cornuti.

Female genitalia (Figs. 10, 10a). Ovipositor short. Ostium close to anterior

margin of sternum VIII. Apophyses anteriores two-thirds length of apophyses

posteriores. Ductus bursae membranous, rather long; corpus bursae with very small,

more or less oval signum.

The female genitalia are similar to those of A. ciliella (Figs. 11, 11a) and A. heracliana

(Figs. 12, 12a). Small differences are found in the form of the margin of the ostium

(not angular in A. caucasiella) and in size and form of signum. In A. caucasiella the

signum is more or less oval, differing from the more rounded signum of A. ciliella. In

A. caucasiella the signum is much smaller than in A. heracliana.

Distribution. Russia, North Caucasus: Krasnodarskiy krai and south of Stavropolskiy

krai.

Life history. The length of the larvae found varied from 4 to 18 mm covering all but the

very early larval instars. The larvae were rather easy to obtain by cutting down flowers

and fruits of H. mantegazzianum in late July. Six localities were investigated in 2004

and immature stages of the moth were found at all study sites (Tab. 1). The larvae fed

on buds, flowers and developing fruits within the umbels. In some cases a web was

constructed around a portion of the partial umbel and the larva was feeding inside.

In the early larval instars the body was yellowish pale green, liberally speckled with

small, but distinct blackish brown pinacula; prothoracic plate pale brown and head

orange-brown. Later, as the larvae grew more than 10 mm long, the colour of the body

became more green, with dorsal and subdorsal lines dark green and a pale brownish

green head; thoracic and anal plates green. Near pupation the body turned reddish

brown dorsally. A few pupae were located in the umbels or in the leaf sheaths. Pupation

took place in late July or early August and this stage lasted about 2-4 weeks under

laboratory conditions.

At the second visit to localities 3, 4, and 6 (Tab. 1) all flower buds and umbels of

randomly selected plants were registered and carefully searched for larvae. In total,

724 umbels and 95 flower buds of 57 plants were examined and the collection of

47 larvae from 21 plants indicated a low density and rather clumped distribution of

the larvae. The feeding larvae were found on umbels of diameters ranging from 5 to

58 cm, and larval attack was not related either to plant height or size of umbel (data

not shown). However, synchrony between the development of the larvae and umbel

phenology seemed evident as larval length increased with the maturation of the fruits in

the umbels (Tab. 2). Host range of the larvae needs further testing before the potential

of the moth as biocontrol agent against H. mantegazzianum is assessed.

Parasites. Two species of Hymenoptera parasites were reared from larvae of

A. caucasiella: Apanteles sicarius Marshall, 1885 (Braconidae) (V. I. Tobias det.) and

Triclistus aethiops (Gravenhorst, 1829) (Ichneumonidae) (V. I. Tolkanitz det.).

182 KARSHOLT et al.: A new Agonopterix from the Caucasus

Figs. 7-9. Male genitalia. 7, 7a. A. caucasiella sp. n. (7: Genitalia with phallus removed, Fig. 7a. Phallus).

Figs. 8, 8a. A. heracliana (Linnaeus). 8. Right valva, saccus, part of anellus and juxta. 8a. Phallus. Figs. 9,

9a. A. ciliella (Stainton). 9. Right valva, saccus, part of anellus and juxta. 9a. Phallus.

Nota lepid. 28 (3/4): 177-192 183

Figs. 10-12. Female genitalia. 10, 10a. A. caucasiella sp. n. (10: Proximal part of genitalia with ductus

bursae; 10a: Corpus bursae with signum). 11, 11a. A. ciliella (Stainton). 11. Margin of sternum VIII with

ostium, antrum and proximal part of ductus bursae. Ila. Part of corpus bursae with signum. Figs. 12, 12a.

A. heracliana (Linnaeus). 12. Margin of sternum VIII with ostium, antrum and proximal part of ductus

bursae. 12a. Part of corpus bursae with signum.

184

KARSHOLT et al.: A new Agonopterix from the Caucasus

Tab. 1. Description of localities sampled in 2003 and 2004 in the Karachay-Cherkessia Republic, Russia

and the number of collected larvae and emerged adults of A. caucasiella.

Administrative

description

Locality

no.

8kmS

Storozhevaya

6 km W

Pregradnaya

7 km SEE

Pregradnaya

Zelenchukskaya

env.

6 km SSW

Nizhniy Arkhyz,

Grid

reference

N43°49’07.6”

BAI? 735.3

N43°57’02.9”

E41° 6°02.3”

N43°54’45.7”

E41° 7’02.8”

N43°53’10.0”

E41° 2’23.8”

N43°39’28.1”

E41° 4993”

Description

of locality

abandoned

field

road side /

abandoned

field

abandoned

field

abandoned

field / river

bank

hill slope

Plant

development

stage

No of

collected

larvae

and

No of

emerged

Late

flowering,

reproductive

Late

flowering

Late

flowering,

reproductive

Reproductive

Early

flowering

Zelenchukskaya

region

6 km SW Nizhniy

Arkhyz,

Zelenchukskaya

region

1760 m

1350 m

Remarks. Agonopterix caucasiella sp. n. is closely related to A. ciliella (Stainton)

and A. heracliana (Linnaeus). The nomenclature of the latter is unusually complicated

and confusing and we therefore find it appropriate, in connection with the description

of a new species feeding on Heracleum, to discuss it in some detail. Another related

species is the North American A. clemensella (Chambers, 1876), which also uses H.

mantegazzianum as a host plant (Berenbaum 1982; Robinson et al. 2005), but it differs

in details of the genitalia of both sexes (Clarke 1941).

N43°39°22.3”

E41° 3°30.5”

Mature

flowering,

early

reproductive

forest

clearing /

hill slope

Agonopterix heracliana (Linnaeus, 1758: 532) (Phalaena (Tortrix))

[Phalaena] punctata Clerck, 1759: pl. 2, fig. 15.

}Phalaena (Tortrix) heracleana Linnaeus, 1761: 347.

Pyralis applana Fabricius, 1777: 294.

tPhalaena cerefolii Retzius, 1783: 45.

+Phalaena heraclei Retzius, 1783: 45.

Tinea heraclella Fabricius, 1798: 484.

Tinea applanella Fabricius, 1798: 484.

Tinea cicutella Hübner, 1796: 39, pl. 12, fig. 79.

Depressaria heraclei Haworth, 1811: 505.

Depressaria heracliella Doubleday, 1859: 29.

Nota lepid. 28 (3/4): 177-192 185

Tab. 2. Average larva length (+ S.E.) in relation to umbel phenology (ef = early flower, mf = mature flower,

If = late flower, es = early seeds, ms = mature seeds), n = 45. Two larvae found in the flower buds are not

included in the figure.

Larval lenght, mm

ef mf If es ms

Umbel phenology

Phalaena (Tortrix) heracliana was based on an unstated number of specimens. The

type locality was (indirectly) given as Sweden (see also (Linnaeus, 1761)). It was stated

that it occurred in umbels of Heracleum. In addition to his diagnosis of heracliana

Linnaeus also gave references to figures in the works of De Geer (1752: pl. 29 figs. 6-7)

and Réaumur (1736: pl. 16 figs. 1-4). Those by De Geer are of the species with larva

feeding in rolled leaves of (e.g.) Anthriscus sylvestris, viz. Agonopterix heracliana,

while those of Réaumur show a larva feeding in the umbels of a species of Apiaceae

(Depressaria radiella). In Linnaeus’ collection Robinson & Nielsen (1983: 215) found

five specimens representing both of the above mentioned species.

Before them Bradley (1966) had studied the material in Linnaeus’ collection, recognizing

only two specimens, both belonging to the Agonopterix species, and designated one of

them as the lectotype. By this action he fixed the name heracliana to the Agonopterix

species. This was a most inappropriate action because the stability of nomenclature for

the involved species became upset by: 1) the specific name heracliana was moved from

being the valid name for one well known species (in Depressaria) to becoming the valid

name of another well known species (in Agonopterix), 2) the long established name

applana (Fabricus) was sunk as a synonym, 3) the long established name heracliana

186 KARSHOLT et al.: À new Agonopterix from the Caucasus

(in the combination Depressaria heracliana (Linnaeus)) was replaced by a name,

D. pastinacella (Duponchel), which turned out not to be the oldest name for the species,

and 4) Phalaena heracliana (Linnaeus) is the type species of the genus Depressaria

Haworth, 1811 (Nye & Fletcher 1991: 91), and the lectotype designation by Bradley

(1966) resulted in a case with a genus having a misidentified type species. Under the

previous code such a case should have been referred to the ICZN, but that did not

happen.

There would probably have been a good case for asking the ICZN to preserve the name

Phalaena heracliana (Linnaeus) for the Depressaria species. Now, nearly 40 years

later, this possibility 1s probably lost, because the use of heracliana in Agonopterix has

been broadly accepted, and a return to its former use within Depressaria would cause

additional confusion.

Phalaena punctata was based on a figure published by Clerck (1759). According

to Robinson & Nielsen (1983: 224) there is no material of P. punctata in Clerck’s

collection, and it is likely that Clerck figured a specimen from Linnaeus’ collection.

Phalaena (Tortrix) heracleana is an incorrect subsequent spelling (misspelling) of P.

(T.) heracliana Linnaeus, 1758 (Robinson & Nielsen 1983: 215).

Pyralis applana was described from an unspecified number of specimens collected

by Sehested in Kiel, Germany (Fabricius 1777). In Fabricius” collection in ZMUC are

three specimens, all in rather poor condition, but clearly referable to applana, one of

them labelled “applana” in Fabricius” handwriting. In the Sehested & Tgnder Lund

collection in ZMUC is a male, unset but in good condition. Seen in the light of the

nomenclatorial confusion around the name applana it seems justifiable to designate the

last mentioned male as the lectotype. It is labelled: “Mus. Seh. & T. L. | T. applanella

| Lectotype, Pyralis applana Fabricius, 1775, O. Karsholt design., 2005”. The three

specimens in Fabricius’ collection are labelled as paralectotypes.

Retzius diagnosed and named insects described by De Geer (1752) without using the

Principle of Binominal Nomenclature (ICZN 1999, article 5). However, the work

by Retzius (1783) was not consistent in application of binominal nomenclature, and

therefore it does not meet the demands of the Code (ICZN, 1999: article 11.4) and the

names published therein are invalid under the Code. We are aware that names proposed

by Retzius (1783) are used as valid for several species of Lepidoptera, and also for

species of other insect groups, but a discussion of this problem falls outside the present

study.

Retzius was aware that Linneaus (1758) had mixed two species under Ph. heracliana,

viz. the one figured by Réaumur (1736) and the one figured by De Geer (1752). For

the latter which, as stated above, is the Agonopterix species, he proposed the name Ph.

cerefolii.

The other species (the one figured by Réaumur) is, according to Retzius (1783) and

in agreement with most later authors, the real Ph. (T.) heracliana (Linnaeus), which

was later placed in the genus Depressaria. Linnaeus had placed this species in his

“subgenus” Tortrix and had, accordingly given it a name ending in —ana. Retzius

did not use Tortrix, but placed most moths in the genus Phalaena, and emended its

Nota lepid. 28 (3/4): 177-192 187

name to heraclei. Although being an emendation under the present Code, it should be

noted that at the time of Retzius a change of termination of species-group names was

customary when changing the generic combination used. Being an emendation of Ph.

(T.) heracliana Linnaeus the type of Ph. heraclei Retzius is the same as that of Ph. (T.)

heracliana. Due to the unfortunate lectotype designation of Ph. (T.) heracliana Linnaeus

by Bradley (1966) (see above) Ph. heraclei moreover becomes a misidentification, since

Retzius described the Depressaria species, but used his emended name of heracliana,

which since 1966 belongs to the Agonopterix. Besides being both an emendation and

a misidentification (of Ph. (T.) heracliana Linnaeus) Ph. heraclei is moreover invalid

under the Code.

Tinea heraclella is both a misidentification and an unjustified emendation of Phalaena

(Tortrix) heracliana Linnaeus, Fabricius (1798) clearly referred to Phalaena heracleana

[sic!] Linnaeus, but none of the three specimens in his collection are conspecific with

the lectoptype of Ph. (T.) heracliana Linnaeus designated by Bradley (1966). However,

being an emendation, the type of T. heraclella is the same as that of Ph. (T.) heracliana,

which belongs to the Agonopterix species. As discussed above, at the time of Fabricius

the change of termination in a species name had to follow the change in generic

combination.

Tinea applanella is an emendation, which was made by Fabricius (1798) when

transferring applana from the genus Pyralis to the genus Tinea.

Tinea cicutella was described from an unstated number of specimens from Augsburg in

Germany [“Sie ist hier ...anzutreffen” (Hübner, 1796: 39)].

Depressaria heraclei Haworth is an emendation of Phalaena (Tortrix) heracliana

Linnaeus, thus being an objective synonym of the latter. It is also a misidentification, as

Haworth under the name of D. heraclei described Depressaria radiella (Goeze), and it

is ahomonym of Ph. heraclei Retzius.

Depressaria heracliella Doubleday is an unjustified emendation of Phalaena (Tortrix)

heracliana Linnaeus (cited as ‘heracliana, ‘De Geer’, and it is, after the lectotype

designation by Bradley (1966) a misidentification of Depressaria radiella (Goeze).

It adds to the confusion of the involved species that Heracleum is not a main host plant

for A. heracliana (Zeller, 1854: 203).

Depressaria radiella (Goeze, 1783: 162) (Phalaena (Tinea))

Tinea radiata Geoffroy in Fourcroy: 1785: 320.

Haemilis pastinacella Duponchel, 1838: 153, pl. 291 figs. 4-5.

Depressaria sphondiliella Bruand d’Uzelle, 1851: 73.

Depressaria ontariella Bethune, 1870: 3.

Depressaria caucasica Christoph, 1877: 293.

Depressaria heracliana auct.; misidentification.

+Depressaria heraclei (Retzius); misidentification.

This species was for more than 200 years known as Depressaria heracliana (Linnaeus).

Due to the lectotype designation of Ph. (T.) heracliana Linnaeus by Bradley (1966) it

had to change name, and Bradley suggested the oldest synonym known to him, Haemilis

pastinacella Duponchel. Over the next decades this name came slowly into use.

188 KARSHOLT et al.: À new Agonopterix from the Caucasus

Fig. 13. Heracleum mantegazzianum in the native area of western Caucasus. The stand is located in an

abandoned field (locality 1), altitude: ca. 1020 m.

However, in the second edition of the French checklist, Leraut (1997) listed three older

synonyms (two of which are accepted here). In a comment Leraut (1997: 314) stated

that he considered Depressaria heraclei (Retzius) as the oldest name for this species,

referring to “Leraut, in prep.”. Now eight years later no details of this synonymy has

been published and, as discussed above, Ph. heraclei Retzius is an emendation of Ph.

(T.) heracliana Linnaeus, and therefore an objective synonym.

Goeze (1783) named a number of taxa, which had been described by Geoffroy (1762)

without using the Principle of Binominal Nomenclature (ICZN 1999, article 5).

Phalaena (Tinea) radiella is one of them. The type locality is the area of Paris.

The works of Goeze and Retzius were both published in 1783. We have no information

on more exact dates for their publication but we suggest, seen in the light of the

doubtfulness on the validity of the names proposed in Retzius” work, that whenever it

becomes relevant the work of Goeze should pre-date that of Retzius.

Also Fourcroy (1785) gave Latin names to taxa described by Geoffroy. However, for

the species already named by Goeze (1783) the names of Fourcroy, as in this case,

became objective synonyms. There has been a great deal of confusion as to whether

Fourcroy or Geoffroy should be cited as the author of these names, but a discussion of

this falls outside the present study.

Nota lepid. 28 (3/4): 177-192 189

sai AUS ee

Fig. 14. A population of H. mantegazzianum growing on a hill slope (locality 5), altitude 1760 m. In

western Caucausus stands of H. mantegazzianum were found in altitudes up to approximately 2000 m.

Haemilis pastinacella was described from an unstated number of specimens from

Austria, Bohemia and France. According to Zeller (1854) they included at least two

different species. A lectotype was published by Bradley (1966: 226).

Depressaria sphondiliella Bruand d’Uzelle is an unneccessary replacement name for

Depressaria pastinacella (Duponchel).

Depressaria caucasica was described from an unstated number of specimens (2 males

and | female are deposited in the BMNH) collected by Christoph in southern Daghestan

in Caucasus. It is considered as a highland form of D. pastinacella (Duponchel)

(Lvovsky 1998).

Depressaria ontariella was described from an unstated number of specimens bred from

parsnip (Pastinaca) in Ontario, Canada.

As discussed above, the lectotype of Ph. (T.) heracliana belongs to the Agonopterix

species (Bradley 1966), and all uses of the name heracliana, and its emendations

heraclei, heraclella and heracliella for the Depressaria species thereby become

misidentifications. Further variations in spelling of the species-group name heracliana

are found in the literature, but all are misspellings and thus invalid.

As mentioned above Phalaena (Tortrix) heracliana is the type species of the genus

Depressaria (Nye & Fletcher 1991: 91), and the lectotype designation by Bradley

190 KARSHOLT et al.: À new Agonopterix from the Caucasus

(1966) resulted in a case of a misidentified type species of this genus. Under previous

editions of the Code such cases of misidentification had to be referred to the ICZN,

but that was not done. Under the present code (ICZN 1999, article 70.3) it is left to

authors who discover cases of misidentification to correct these in the way that best

serves stability. We accordingly select, and thereby fix as type species for the genus

Depressaria Haworth, 1811, Phalaena radiella Goeze, 1783 (= Phalaena (Tortrix)

heracliana auct., nec Linnaeus, 1758).

Acknowledgements

These studies were supported by the European Union funding under the 5" Framework Programme

‘EESD - Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development’, project no. EVK2-2001-00125. Special

thanks to Sergey Ya. Reznik, ZIN for scientific and logistical assistance during the field surveys. We

thank Martin Corley, Faringdon, UK for linguistic correction and comments on the manuscript, Matthias

Nuss, Staatlisches Museum fiir Naturkunde, Dresden, Germany for comments on the manuscript and for

translating the abstract into German, and an anonymous reviewer for his comments on the draft manuscript.

Klaus Sattler, BMNH, UK and Verner Michelsen, ZMUC are thanked for advice on nomenclature, Gaden

Robinson, BMNH, UK and Torsten Schlichtkrull, DNLB, University Library of Copenhagen, Denmark for

help with literature and Yde de Jong, Zoological Museum, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands for

extracting information about Retzius from the Fauna Europea database. The Hymenoptera parasites were

kindly identified by V.I. Tobias ZIN and V.I. Tolkanitz, Institute of Zoology, Kiev, Ukrainia. We moreover

thank Geert Brovad, ZMUC for taking photographs of figures 1-6, and Henning Hendriksen, ZMUC for

technical assistance.

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enemies of giant hogweed (Heracleum mantegazzianum) in the Caucasus Region and assessment for

their classical biological control potential in Europe. Pp. 149-154. — In: J. M. Cullen, D. T. Briese, D.

J. Kriticos, W. M. Lonsdale, L. Morin & J. K. Scott (eds), Proceedings of XI International Symposium

on Biological Control of Weeds, 27 April — 2 May 2003, Canberra, CSIRO Entomology.

Tiley, G. E. D., F. S. Dodd & P. M. Wade 1996. Heracleum mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier. Biological

Flora of the British Isles. — Journal of Ecology 84: 297-319.

Wittenberg, R. & M. J. W. Cock (eds) 2001. Invasive alien species: A toolkit of best prevention and

management practices. —- CAB International, Wallingford. 228 pp.

Zeller, P. C. 1854. Die Depressarien und einige ihnen nahe stehende Gattungen. — Linnaea Entomologica

9: 189-403, pls. 2-3.

Nota lepid. 28 (3/4): 193-196 193

Adela alurgis sp. n. from Syria (Adelidae)

MIKHAIL V. KOZLOV

Section of Ecology, University of Turku, Turku 20014, Finland; e-mal: mikoz@utu.fi

Abstract. Adela alurgis sp. n., described from specimens collected in Syria, is closely related to A. violella

([Denis & Schiffermiiller], 1775) from which it differs by the purplish colour of the distal part of the

forewing, the blackish head, and the silver-grey distal part of the antenna. The male of A. alurgis has

a hook-like medial protuberance at the base of the valva, a shorter vinculum (<2.1x length of valva), a

narrower distal part of the valva, and a thick phallus (length to medial diameter ratio around 15).

Key words. Adela, Adelidae, taxonomy, Syria.

Introduction

The fairy moth genus Adela Latreille, 1796 is clearly defined by the presence of hook-

shaped, outwardly directed antennal pegs considered an autapomorphy (Nielsen 1980).

Nearctic species of Adela have been revised by Powell (1969), while the identities of

the East Palaearctic species were examined by Kozlov (1997) and Hirowatari (1997). To

date, the European fauna is believed to include 11 species (Karsholt & van Nieukerken

2005), with none reported from Syria (Stainton 1867, van Nieukerken 2005). The

nomenclature of some of the European species is debatable, and applications have

been made to the International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature to insure the

stability of several scientific names including A. australis (Kozlov & van Nieukerken

2003) and A. croesella (Kozlov 2006).

In the early 1990s, while surveying materials of the Natural History Museum (London),

I discovered four specimens labelled by Walsingham as types of A. alurgis. This was

a manuscript name and for a long time I hesitated to formally describe this species

because of its close affinity to A. violella ([Denis & Schiffermiiller], 1775). However,

my investigations of dozens of A. violella specimens convinced me that differences

between A. alurgis and A. violella exceed the ‘normal’ range of geographical variation.

In this paper I take the risk of introducing this new name in isolation from my

comprehensive taxonomic revision of the genus Adela that is in progress now, but that

won't be completed within the next few years.

Adela alurgis sp. n. (Figs. 1-7)

Material. Holotype d: Syria, near Aleppo; labelled: 8 mm circle with red border, print ‘Holo- |

type’; 8 x 15 mm, print ‘Shar Devesy | HALEB [=Aleppo] | 1893 | (Nat. Coll.) Leech’; 8 x 10 mm,

print ‘Walsingham | Collection | 1910-427’; 8 x 18 mm, black frame, black ink + print ‘Adela | alurgis |

Type © W | Named by WIsm.’; 9 x 16 mm, print ‘B. M. | Genitalia slide | No. 29995’; 6 x 18 mm, print

“HOLOTYPE © | Adela | alurgis Kozlov’. Paratypes: 19, labelled: 8 mm circle with yellow border, print

‘Para- | type’; 8 x 15 mm, print ‘Shar Devesy | HALEB [=Aleppo] | 1893 | (Nat. Coll.) Leech’; 8 x 10 mm,

print ‘Walsingham | Collection | 1910-427’; 8 x 18 mm, black frame, black ink + print ‘Adela | alurgis |

Type 9 W | Named by Wlsm.’; 6 x 18 mm, print ‘PARATYPE Q | Adela | alurgis Kozlov’. 29, labelled:

8 mm circle with yellow border, print ‘Para- | type’; 8 x 15 mm, print + black ink ‘Shar Devesy | HALEB

1910-427’; 6 x 18 mm, print ‘PARATYPE 9 | Adela | alurgis Kozlov’. The type specimens are deposited

in the Natural History Museum, London.

Nota lepidopterologica, 17.02.2006, ISSN 0342-7536

194 Kozıov: Adela alurgis sp. n. from Syria

Figs. 1-2. Adela alurgis. 1. Male holotype. 2. Female paratype.

Diagnosis. Closest to A. violella, from which it differs by the purplish colour of the

distal part of the forewing, the blackish head, the silver-grey distal part of the antenna,

the presence of a hook-like medial protuberance at the base of the valva, the shorter

vinculum (< 2.1 x length of valva), the narrower distal part of the valva (compare

figs. 3-4 and 8-9), and the thick phallus (length to medial diameter ratio around 15;

compare figs. 6-7 and 11-12).

Description. Male (Fig. 1). Forewing length 5.6 mm, width / length ratio 0.30.

Vertex blackish, with sparse yellow scales; frons light glossy golden. Labial palpus

1.7 x vertical eye diameter, light brown, with blackish raised piliform scales. Proboscis

light brown, base with bronze scales. Eyes not enlarged; interocular index 0.6. Antenna

> 2 x forewing length (tip broken). Scape and base of flagellum (up to 0.7 x forewing

length) dark bronze, then colour gradually changing to silver-white. Tegulae and thorax

dark bronze. Forewing dark bronze basally to purplish bronze apically; cilia purplish

to bronze. Hindwing coppery brown; costal area grey; cilia bronze to light brown. Legs

from bronze to light yellowish brown. Epiphysis at 0.5, not reaching apex of tibia.

Abdomen dorsally dark brown with bronze lustre, ventrally light greyish bronze.

Male genitalia (Figs. 3-7). Tegumen dome-shaped, without medial ridge.

Socii oval, 1.0-1.2 x diameter of phallus. Vinculum 2.0 x length of valva (2.2-2.5 in

A. violella), wide (seen from ventral side: length / width ratio 1.75, compared to

2.0-2.2 in A. violella) with slightly convex lateral margins; distal margin nearly straight

(shallowly W-shaped in A. violella; compare figs. 3 and 8). Valva extending far beyond

tip of tegumen; ventral margin with deep indentation; base with hook-like medial

protuberance; dorsal margin slightly convex; tip nearly rectangular, narrow (seen from

ventral side: distal part of valva 1.5 x medial diameter of phallus, compared to 3-4

in A. violella). Anellus 0.35 x length of valva. Transtilla with short triangular medial

process. Juxta 0.6 x length of phallus, arrow head narrow (width / length ratio 0.45),

with rounded tip and short lateral arms. Phallus nearly equal to length of vinculum,

almost straight, relatively thick (length to medial diameter ratio around 15, compared to

30 in A. violella); distal 0.25 with right wall developed into lobe; with small hook-like

process in middle of dorsal side; base of phallus widely funnel-shaped.

Nota lepid. 28 (3/4): 193-196 195

Figs. 3-12. Adela alurgis, male genitalia. 3. Genital complex, ventral view (right valva not shown).

4. Genital complex, lateral view. 5. Juxta. 6. Phallus, ventral view. 7. Phallus, lateral view.

Figs. 8-12. Adela violella, male genitalia. 8. Genital complex, ventral view (right valva not shown).

9. Genital complex, lateral view. 10. Juxta. 11. Phallus, ventral view. 12. Phallus, lateral view.

196 Kozıov: Adela alurgis sp. n. from Syria

Female (Fig. 2). Forewing length 5.1-5.2; antenna 1.3-1.4 x forewing length; basal

0.35-0.45 of flagellum thickened by coppery black scales; distal part of flagellum

silvery white. Otherwise similar to male.

Remark. Sattler (1979: 286) mentioned that the correct spelling of the geographical

name is ‘Shar Deresy’, and that it may actually belong to Turkey, not Syria. I was

unable to clarify the exact position of the type locality.

Acknowledgements

This research was made possible by financial support from the SYS-Resource and SYNTHESIS

programmes. I am grateful to G. S. Robinson and K. R. Tuck for their help during my studies of the NHM

collections, to V. Zverev for his photographs of type specimens, to E. J. van Nieukerken for discussions and

helpful comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript, and to B. Landry for linguistic improvements.

References

Hirowatari, T., 1997. A taxonomic revision of the genus Adela Latreille (Lepidoptera, Adelidae) from

Japan. — Transactions of Lepidopterological Society of Japan 48 (4): 271-290.

Kozlov, M. V., 1997. Family Adelidae. — In: V. S. Kononenko (ed.), Key to the Insects of Russian Far East.

5. Trichoptera and Lepidoptera, 1: 274-289. — Dalnauka, Vladivostok [in Russian].

Kozlov, M. V., 2006. Phalaena croesella Scopoli, 1763 (currently Adela croesella; Insecta, Lepidoptera):

proposed conservation of the specific name. — Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 63 (in press).

Kozlov, M. V. & E. J. van Nieukerken, 2003. Nematois australis Heydenreich, 1851 (currently Adela

australis; Insecta, Lepidoptera): proposed precedence over Tinea aldrovandella Villers, 1789. —

Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 60: 290-292.

Nieukerken, E.J. van, 2004: Adelidae. In: Karsholt, O. & E.J. van Nieukerken (eds.). Lepidoptera, Moths.

— Fauna Europaea version 1.1, http://www.faunaeur.org [online 16 December 2004].

Nielsen, E. S., 1980. A cladistic analysis of the Holarctic genera of adelid moths (Lepidoptera:

Incurvaroidea). — Entomologica Scandinavica 11: 161-178.

Powell, G. A., 1969. A synopsis of Nearctic Adelid moths, with descriptions of new species (Incurvariidae).

— Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society 23: 211-240.

Sattler K. 1979. A taxonomic revision of the genus Deltophora Janse, 1950 (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae).

— Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology 38: 263-322.

Stainton, H. T., 1867. The Tineina of Syria and Asia Minor. — J. van Voorst, London, 84 pp.

Nota lepid. 28 (3/4): 193-201 197

Pasiphila hyrcanica sp. n. (Geometridae, Larentiinae) — a new

species from Azerbaijan and Iran

JAAN VuDALEPP ! & VLADIMIR MIRONOV ?

' Institute of Agricultural and Environmental, Estonian Agricultural University, Riia St. 181, EE-51014,

Tartu, Estonia; e-mail: jaan@zbi.ee

? Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Department of Lepidopterology, Universitetskaya

nab. 1, RU-199034, Saint Petersburg, Russia; e-mail: pugs@zin.ru

Abstract. A description of a new geometrid moth, Pasiphila hyrcanica Viidalepp & Mironov, sp. n.

(Geometridae, Larentiinae), from south-eastern Azerbaijan (Talysh Mts.) and northern Iran (foothills of

the Elburz mountains) is given. The holotype and some paratypes of the new taxon from Azerbaijan are

kept in the collection of the Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Estonian Agricultural University

Tartu (IAET), while other paratypes from Azerbaijan and Iran are kept in the collections of the Zoological

Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia (ZISP), of the Estonian Natural

History Museum (NHMT) and in the private collection of T. Marnot, Tallinn.

Key words. Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Pasiphila hyrcanica, new species, Azerbaijan, Iran.

Introduction

The tribe Eupitheciini includes at least 39 genera and more than 1.700 species distributed

worldwide. Of these, four genera and 133 species have been recorded from Europe

(Mironov 2003). They are small, often greyish or brownish moths and their larvae feed

on flowers and seeds rather than on leaves. Species belonging to the genus Pasiphila

are characterized by having the forewing vein R, short and almost completely united

with Sc and a short accessory cell without transverse vein. Their male genitalia, are

characterized by the vesica of the phallus bearing two apical horn-like cornuti and

numerous minute spines. The Catalogue of the Geometridae of the World (Scoble et

al. 1999) includes 36 species of the genus Pasiphila. The majority of them, at least

27 species, are distributed in New Zealand and only 8 species are presently known

from the Palaearctic Region. Holloway (1997) discussed the diagnostic characters

of Pasiphila Meyrick, 1883 and of the related taxa Gymnodisca Warren, 1894 and

Rhinoprora Warren, 1894, considering the Indo-Australian fauna. He stressed the

different conformation of male antennae, that are fasciculate in Pasiphila and filiform

in Gymnodisca (= Rhinoprora), and combined ten Bornean and Indo-Australian

species under the subgenus Gymnodisca of Pasiphila. In this article we describe one

new species, Pasiphila (Gymnodisca) hyrcanica Viidalepp & Mironov, sp. n., from

the territory of Azerbaijan and Iran. The species was mentioned earlier as Rhinoprora

talyshensis (nom. nud.) in the list of species of the tribe Eupitheciini of the U.S.S.R.

(Mironov 1990) and in the checklist of Geometridae of the former U.S.S.R. (Viidalepp

1996).

Nota lepidopterologica, 17.02.2006, ISSN 0342-7536

198 VIDALEPP & Mironov: Pasiphila hyrcanica sp. n. from Azerbaijan and Iran

N. Iran, Mazandaran,

_ Sari, Amreh jungle

/h=500 m, at light

Sinev 10.06.2005

| N. Iran, Mazandaran,

| Amol, Archappeh

| h = 150 m, at light

i Sinev 8.06.2005

Figs. 1-4. Pasiphila hyrcanica sp. n. 1. Paratype ©, N. Iran, Sari, ZISP. 2. Paratype ©, N. Iran, Amol, ZISP.

3. Labels of paratype ©, N. Iran, Sari. 4. Labels of paratype ©, N. Iran, Amol.

Pasiphila hyrcanica Viidalepp & Mironov, sp. n.

Material. Holotype ©. [Azerbaijan] Talysh Mts. 20.vi.1984 | Dasdatuk leg. Marnot (coll. IAET).

— Paratypes: © Talysh, leg. Prasolov (coll. IAET); 59, 79 Talysh, 20.—29.vi.1984, Dashdatyuk, leg.

Marnot & Lindt (slides nos 1759, 3191) (coll. IAET, Marnot and Lindt); 10°, 49 Talysh, 17.-26.v1.1984,

Lerik, leg. Jürivete, Lindt (coll. IAET, NHMT); 19 Talysh, 30.vi.1984, Alekseevka [village] leg. Lindt,

(coll. NHMT); 19 Talysh (Mts.), Hyrcansky Forest, Alekseevka vill., on the glade at day, 13.v.1964,

leg. Zaguljaev (ZISP); 19 Lenkoran, Avrora vill., Hyrcansky Forest, forest zone, at light, 23.v.1964, leg.

Zaguljaev (ZISP); 19, N. Iran, Mazandaran, Amol, Archappeh, 150 m, at light, 8.vi.2005, leg. Sinev,

(ZISP); 69 Mazandaran, Sari, Amreh jungle, 500 m, at light, leg. Sinev, 10.vi.2005 (ZISP). 29 Iran, prov.

Mazandaran, 1 km E of Razan, 1190 m, 9.v.2000, leg. Szabé & Hentschel (coll. Sommerer, Munich).

Description. (Figs. 1-4). Wingspan 16-19 mm; length of forewing 8-10 mm. Labial

palpi elongate and narrow, lanceolate-oblong, about 1.5 times longer than diameter of

eye, pale grey irrorated by black scales. Frons, vertex and nothum pale grey or grey.

Forewing broad with slightly arched costa, evenly curved terminal margin and more

or less obtuse apex; ground colour grey; transverse lines blackish grey; antemedial

line evenly curved; medial line dentated, inconspicuous; postmedial line angled twice

between costa and M3 (as in P. rectangulata (Linnaeus, 1758), but less prominent than

in this species); terminal area slightly darker with inconspicuous whitish subterminal

line; terminal line narrow, blackish; discal dot distinct, intensely black, obliquely ovoid.

Nota lepid. 28 (3/4): 193-201 199

Fringe short, slightly chequered pale and dark grey. Hindwing of the same colour of the

forewing, with indistinct transverse lines; postmedial line forming an angle near M3

vein; terminal area usually slightly darker, with very inconspicuous pale subterminal

line; discal dot small, pale, rounded or ovoid, sometimes indistinct; terminal line and

fringes as in forewing. Underside of wings paler than upperside; pattern similar to the

upperside but inconspicuous, with the exception of the postmedial lines and discal

dots on both fore- and hindwings. The postmedial lines are often distinct, broader and

darker, more blackish than on the upperside. Abdomen covered with a mixture of pale

grey and black scales.

Male genitalia (Figs. 5—8). Uncus elongate, broadened basally, membranous with

numerous pores and some long setae. Anal tube thin, with elongate patch of short stout

setae. Valve relatively short, with smoothly curved ventral margin, medially slightly

broadened. Anterior arms of labides without membranous papillae, but covered with

medium-sized setae on each apex. Juxta broad, rectangulate, with heavily sclerotized

broad and elongated apical lobes. Vinculum large, broad, semicircular. Phallus thin and

elongated, slightly curved, with broadened anterior end, shorter than length of valve.

Vesica armed with two apical horn-like cornuti, one thin spine-like cornutus near ductus

ejaculatorius base and some small spine-like cornuti. Sternite A8 large, broad, with

narrow, heavily sclerotized basal margin and two broad apical rods which are curved,

pointed and sclerotized to their apices.

Female genitalia (Fig. 9). Bursa copulatrix large, ovate, membranous, with

large globular membranous diverticulum at base, armed with small, rather indistinct

scobinate signa in the medial part. Ductus bursae thin and elongated, inclined to one

side, heavily sclerotized. Ductus seminalis long and thin, membranous, attached to

the posterior part of the ductus bursae near to the border with the antrum. Colliculum

absent. Antrum narrow, slightly sclerotized. Lamella antevaginalis large, almost

inversely heart-shaped, heavily sclerotized and wrinkled. Tergite A8 almost quadrate,

with narrowly sclerotized anterior margin and rounded posterior corners. Anterior and

posterior apophyses relatively short and thin, but anterior apophyses slightly thicker

than posterior ones. Basal arms of anterior apophyses thin, slightly broadened to apices.

Papillae anales large, elongated, tapering to tips.

Habitat. The species was collected in the northern slopes of the Elburz Range along

the southern coast of the Caspian Sea and in Talysh Mts., at the altitude of about

150-500 m above sea level, in the humid hyrcanic forests. Most specimens were

collected at light during the night; only one specimen was collected in the daytime. The

natural vegetation of the area consists of the broad-leaved humid hyrcanic forest with

Quercus castaneifolia, Fagus orientalis, Tilia begonifolia and also Crataegus meyeri,

C. microphylla, C. kyrtostyla, Pyrus grossheimii, Malus orientalis, Prunus divaricata

and P. spinosa dominating.

Life history. The moths were collected from the mid-May to late June together with

Pasiphila rectangulata (Linnaeus, 1758) and Chloroclystis v-ata (Haworth, 1809). The

foodplants are unknown, but the larvae may feed on flower buds or flowers of Prunus

or Crataegus.

200 VIIDALEPP & Mironov: Pasiphila hyrcanica sp. n. from Azerbaijan and Iran

Figs. 5—9. Male and female genitalia of Pasiphila hyrcanica sp. n. 5. Male genitalia. 6. Male eighth sternite.

7-8. Phallus lateral and ventral, with vesica semi-everted (slide no. 1759, IAET). 9. Female genitalia (slide

no. 3191, IAET).

Distribution. The species is known from the northern slopes of the Elburz Range along

the southern coast of the Caspian Sea (North Iran), including Talysh Mts. (south-eastern

Azerbaijan).

Nota lepid. 28 (3/4): 193-201 201

Derivatio nominis. The name of the new species is derived from that of Hyrcanian

biogeographical province, where the species is distributed. Initially the same species

was supposed to be a local endemic of Talysh Mts. and mentioned in literature as

Pasiphila talyshensis Viidalepp (nomen nudum) (Mironov, 1990). The subsequent

citation (Viidalepp 1996) does not validate this name (ICZN 11.5.2), and we propose

for the species a new name, Pasiphila hyrcanica Viidalepp & Mironov. Talysh area is

merely northern periphery of the Hyrcanian province, and the new name will indicate

wider distribution of the species in the province.

Differential diagnosis. This species is externally very similar to Pasiphila chloerata

(Mabille, 1870) and can easily be confused with the latter. It differs from P. chloerata

and P. rectangulata in the straighter course of dark postmedial line underneath and for

having larger black discal spots. However, the male genitalia of P. hyrcanica may be

easily distinguished by the elongated patch of stout setae on the ventral surface of the

anal tube, the narrowly rounded apex of valve, the longer and broader apical lobes of

juxta, the longer and slimmer phallus and the shape of the eighth sternite with broader

lyre-shaped apical arms than in P. chloerata. Female genitalia differ in the shape of

bursa copulatrix, in having one patch of very small, indistinct scobinate signa, and

for the inclined and sclerotized ductus bursae, the narrower antrum and the almost

inversely heart-shaped wrinkled lamella antevaginalis. In our opinion, P. hyrcanica

must be placed near to P. chloerata (Mabille, 1870) and P. subcinctata (Prout, 1915)

in the list of species of the genus Pasiphila, based on external similarity to both these

species and on the basis of the structure of the male and female genitalia.

Acknowledgements

We thank to V. Prasolov (St. Petersburg, Russia), T. Marnot (Tallinn), A. Lindt (Estonian Museum of

Natural History, Tallinn), A. K. Zaguljaev and S.Yu. Sinev (Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of

Sciences, Saint Petersburg) and M. Sommerer (Munich) for access to their collections and for lending the

material from Azerbaijan and Iran. Maie Roos kindly revised the English text. Funding of the first author

was provided by the Estonian Science Foundation, grant 5750.

References

Holloway, J. D. 1997. The Moths of Borneo, vol. 10. Family Geometridae, subfamilies Sterrhinae and

Larentiinae. — Malayan Nature Journal 51: 1-242.

Mironov, V. 1990. Sistematicheskij katalog pjadenitz triby Eupitheciini (Lepidoptera, Geometridae)

fauny SSSR, I [A systematic Catalogue of geometrid moths of the tribe Eupitheciini (Lepidoptera,

Geometridae) of the fauna of the U.S.S.R., I] - Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie 69 (3): 656-670.

Mironov, V. 2003. Larentiinae II (Perizomini and Eupitheciini). — Jn: A. Hausmann (ed.), The Geometrid

Moths of Europe 4: 463 pp. Apollo Books, Stenstrup.

Scoble, M. J. (ed.), L. M. Pitkin, M. S. Parsons, M. R. Honey & B. R. Pitkin. 1999. Geometrid Moths of

the World: A Catalogue (Lepidoptera, Geometridae). 2 vols. - CSIRO Publishing and Apollo Books,

Stenstrup. 1016 pp. (+ 129 pp. index).

Viidalepp, J. 1996. Checklist of the Geometridae (Lepidoptera) of the former U.S.S.R. — Apollo Books,

Stenstrup. 111 pp.

202 Coursis: Correction to Turanana endymion

Revision of the Turanana endymion species-group (Lycaenidae)

— à correction

4 Glykonos Street, GR — 10675 Athens, Greece; e-mail: kouts@otenet.gr

In my recent paper entitled ‘Revision of the Turanana endymion species-group

(Lycaenidae)’, on page 265, text lines 8 & 9 of Nota lepid. 27 (4), of the year 2004,

one can read that ‘Valvae with the above-described configuration are also illustrated in

Tshikolovets (1998) from Turkmenistan’, implying that the Turkmenistan Turanana

under consideration are endymion ahasveros (Bytinski-Salz & Brandt, 1937). This was

based on Tshikolovets’ treatment of this taxon as it appears in his book “The butterflies of

Turkmenistan’, Kyiv, 1998, 237 pp., as well as on the appended rather unclear genitalia

illustrations. Since then I received a corrective message from Dr. Vladimir Dubatolov

of Russia, who told me that the Turkmenistan Turanana specimens under consideration

from the Kopetdagh Mts. (this being the same locality as for the Tshikolovets specimens)

are actually Turanana dushak Dubatolov, 1989 (Trudy Zool. inst. 200: 136, figs. 1-7),

a separate species with distinct valval characters. The valva of this species is also clearly

illustrated in ‘A guide to the butterflies of Russia and adjacent territories’ by Tuzov et

al., Pensoft, Sofia, Bulgaria, 2000, vol. 2: 580 pp.

In conclusion I would like to extend my thanks to Dr. Dubatolov for providing the

information needed for making this correction.

Nota lepid. 28 (3/4): 203-211 203

Reisseronia arnscheidi sp. n. aus den Südkarpaten Rumäniens

(Psychidae)

MICHAEL WEIDLICH

Lindenallee 11, 15898 NeiBemiinde-Ratzdorf, Germany; e-mail: weidlich-weser@t-online.de

Zusammenfassung. Eine neue Art wird in der Gattung Reisseronia Sieder, 1972 aus den rumänischen

Südkarpaten beschrieben und Angaben zur Lebensweise und Verbreitung gegeben. Weitere

Psychidennachweise aus der Kleinen Walachei (Siidkarpaten: Muntii Capatenei und Muntii Lotrului) aus

dem Zeitraum von 2000 bis 2005 werden bekannt gegeben.

Abstract. A new species of the genus Reisseronia Sieder 1972 is described from the Romanian South-

Carpathians. Information is provided on the distribution and life history of the new species. Further species

of Psychidae are recorded from the Walachia Minor (South-Carpathiaen: Capatenei Mountains and Lotrului

Mountains) from the period of 2000 to 2005.

Key words. Romania, Carpathians, Psychidae, Epichnopteryginae, Reisseronia arnscheidi sp. n.

1. Einführung

Die Psychiden des Balkans sind in neuerer Zeit Gegenstand einiger Bearbeitungen

(Herrmann & Weidlich 1990; 1999; König & Weidlich 2001; Weidlich, im Druck)

gewesen, wobei auch die Gattung Reisseronia Sieder, 1972 bereits einbezogen wurde

(Weidlich 1989). Aus dieser Gattung sind bislang 10 Arten bekannt, deren Verbreitung

sich über Frankreich, Mitteleuropa, Sizilien, den Balkan, der Türkei bis an die russische

Wolga und in das Donetzk-Becken der Ukraine erstreckt.

Vor einigen Jahren bekam der Autor aus dem Museum Thomas Witt (München) auch

eine Serie einer Reisseronia-Art zur Bestimmung übersandt. Es handelte sich um

eine offensichtlich noch nicht beschriebene Art. Die Tiere wurden seinerzeit vom

österreichischen Psychidenspezialisten Herbert Meier (Knittelfeld) im Jahre 1974 bei

„Cozia“ in den Südkarpaten gesammelt. Bei einigen in jüngerer Zeit durchgeführten

Balkanexpeditionen konnte diese Reisseronia-Art nun näher studiert, umfangreiches

Material gesammelt und Angaben zur Lebensweise und Verbreitung gewonnen

werden. In den Muntii Capatenei der Südkarpaten wurden am 09. Mai 2000 die ersten

acht Reisseronia-Säcke bei Salistea (Abb. 1) in der Umgebung von Brezoi gefunden,

woraus im Juni die ersten Imagines schlüpften. Die Umgebung des „Monastir Cozia“,

entsprechend der Etikettierung von Meier, wurde im Jahre 2002 abgesucht, jedoch ohne

Erfolg. Auch eine anschließende Exkursion in die Muntele Cozia erbrachte ebenfalls

keinen Nachweis dieser Art, aber eine bemerkenswerte Häufigkeit der Eosolenobia

manni (Zeller, 1852), über deren Verbreitung in Rumänien bereits berichtet wurde

(Weidlich, im Druck).

Nota lepidopterologica, 17.02.2006, ISSN 0342-7536

204

WEIDLICH: Reisseronia arnscheidi sp. n. aus den Südkarpaten

Abb. 1. Lebensraum von Reisseronia arnscheidi sp. n. in den Muntii Capatenei, 1 km W Salistea, 450 m,

15.1v.2005 (Foto: Weidlich).

2. Beschreibung von Reisseronia arnscheidi sp. n.

Material. Holotypus: 19 Romania, Karpaten, Monastir Cozia, 300 m, 8.vi.1974, leg. Meier, coll.

Museum Witt (München). Paratypen (die gezüchteten Exemplare jeweils mit Sack und Puppenhülle): 380°

gleiche Daten wie Holotypus, aber 28.v., 1.,3.,5.,8., 10., 11., 12., 15., 17., 18.,20.,21.,22.,23.,24.,25.,26.,

28.vi., 1.v11.1974 (ex larva), 20° (Dauerpräparate) 28.05., 22.06.1974, 269 gleiche Daten wie Holotypus,

aber 1.vi.-10.v11.1974, leg. Meier. 50°, 19 Südkarpaten, NO Muntii Capatenei, 1 km W Salistea, 450 m,

1., 4., 6.v1.2000, 20.v.2001, E.v.2005 (alle ex larva) [+5 Säcke 9.v.2000, 6 Säcke 15.1v.2001, 10 Säcke

25.1.2002, 8 Säcke 19.1v.2003, 15 Säcke 15.iv.2005]; 40°, 69 Südkarpaten, Muntii Capatenei, NO Brezoi,

W Valea Lui Stan, 350-400 m, 1.v., 18., 19.v., 3.v1., M., E.vi.2002, 29.v.2003, A.vi.2004 (alle ex larva) [+5

Säcke 15.iv.2001; 18 Säcke 25.1v.2002, 21 Säcke 19.1v.2003, 38 Säcke 15.1v.2004]; 90°, 89 Südkarpaten,

NO Muntii Capatenei, 3 km N Chiaculata, 350 m, 11., 12., 19., 20., 26., 27.v., A.vi.2004, A.vi.2005 (alle

ex larva) [+ 4 Säcke 25.1v.2002, 64 Säcke 18./19.1v.2003, 69 Säcke 18.1v.2004, 73 Säcke 15.1v.2005]; 3,

59 Südkarpaten, S Muntii Lotrului, 5 km N Brezoi, 350 m, M.v.2004, A.vi.2005 (alle ex larva) [+8 Säcke

19.1v.2004, 3 Säcke 15.1v.2005]; 1 Sack 10.v.2000, Südkarpaten, NO Muntii Capatenei, Valea Mascesului,

600 m; 2 Säcke Südkarpaten, NO Muntii Capatenei, 3 km S Brezoi, 350 m, 15.1v.2001, leg. Weidlich.

Das Material befindet sich im Museum Witt (München), Naturkundemuseum der Humboldt-Universität

zu Berlin, coll. W. Arnscheid (Rösrath / Deutschland), coll. E. Hauser (Wolfern / Österreich), coll. P.

Hättenschwiler (Uster / Schweiz) und coll. M. Weidlich.

Diagnose. Männchen. Kleine Falter mit einer Flügelspanne von 7,5-9,5 mm. Augen

schwarz, rund, ohne Ocellen, Augenabstand etwas größer als der Augendurchmesser

(etwa 1,2). Stirnschopfbehaarung, schwarzbraun, dicht und eng anliegend (Abb. 2).

Nota lepid. 28 (3/4): 203-211 205

Abb. 2. Reisseronia arnscheidi sp. n., Paratypus, 3 km N Chiaculata, 350 m, Anfang Juni 2004 (e. 1.), Foto:

Knut Leeder.

Fühler relativ kurz, Fühlergliederzahl insgesamt 19, 16 Fühlerglieder doppelkammzäh-

nig, welche etwa doppelt so lang wie die Fühlerglieder sind. Kammzähne sind lang

und schütter bewimpert. Vordertibie ohne Epiphyse, Mittel- und Hintertibien mit je-

weils einem Spornpaar. Alle Beine mit 5 Tarsengliedern. Körper schwärzlich behaart,

erscheint dunkler als die Flügel. Vorderflügelfärbung schwarzbraun, dicht beschuppt

mit zweizackigen, schmalen Schuppen (Schuppenklasse I nach Sauter 1956), Fransen

einzackig, Färbung nicht andersartig. Aderung unter der Beschuppung nicht erkennbar.

Vorderflügeladerung mit Anhangszelle und 8 Discoidalzelladern. Hinterflügelfärbung

wie die der Vorderflügel, Adern ebenfalls unter der Beschuppung nicht erkennbar.

Männliches Genital (Abb. 3). Reisseronia-typisch, Tegumen-Dach schmal,

gewölbt, Clavus lang, schmal mit sägezahnartiger Spitze, Saccus kurz aber deutlich

sichtbar. Aedaeagus weist keine Besonderheiten auf, ohne Cornuti.

Weibchen. Körper gestreckt, fliigellos, von bräunlicher Färbung; Körperdurchmesser

I-1,5 mm, Länge 44,5 mm. Kopf und Thorax stärker sklerotisiert, dadurch

dunkler, Augen schwarz, oval ohne Ocellen, Fühlergliederzahl 2-3. Beine mit 1-2

Tarsengliedern. Körper mit weißen Haaren, besonders lang und deutlich erkennbar am

Kopf und Thorax, am 7. Abdominalsegment kranzförmig und sehr dicht ausgebildet,

Legeröhre relativ kurz.

Sack (Abb. 4). Säcke geschlechtsdimorph; die weiblichen Säcke deutlich größer

als die der Männchen. Länge 5-7 mm (©), 8-10 mm (9), Durchmesser 1 mm (©),

2 mm (9), langgestreckt und Reisseronia-typisch etwas bauchig. Sie bestehen aus

eng anliegenden Grasteilchen, die längs ausgerichtet sind. Selten werden auch kleine

Blattteilchen in den Sack eingebaut.

206 WEIDLICH: Reisseronia arnscheidi sp. n. aus den Südkarpaten

Differentialdiagnose. Aufgrund deutlicher art-

spezifischer Unterschiede kann auf eine genauere

vergleichende Darstellung mit der sizilianischen

Reisseronia hofmanni (Heylaerts, 1879), der öster-

reichischenparthenogenetischen R.gertrudaeSieder

1962, der griechischen R. magna Hättenschwiler,

1982 und R. (Tsikalasia) malickyi Hauser, 1996,

der kleinasiatischen R. flavociliella (Mann, 1864)

und osteuropäischen R. staudingeri (Heylaerts,

1879) und R. fschetverikovi Solyanikov, 1990

verzichtet werden. Einbezogen indie vergleichende

Untersuchung wurden aber die ähnlichen Arten

R. tarnierella (Bruand, 1851), R. nigrociliella

Abb. 3. Männlicher Genitalapparat von (Rebel, 1934) und R. pusilella (Rebel, 1941). Bei

a Sr a. ee a n., caudal Gen Männchen unterscheidet sich R. arnscheidi

sp. n. von diesen drei Arten durch die um min-

destens 1 höhere Anzahl von gekämmten Fühler-

gliedern sowie durch die längere Bewimperung der Kammzähne. Von R. tarnierella

ist sie durch die konstant größere Flügelspannweite sowie die Länge der Kammzähne,

welche etwa 2,5 mal so lang wie die Fühlergliederlänge sind verschieden, während sie

bei R. tarnierella nur etwa 2 mal so lang sind (gemessen am 9. und 10. Fühlerglied);

außerdem ist die Ausbildung des Saccus unterschiedlich. Von R. nigrociliella und

R. pusilella ist R. arnscheidi durch einen anderen Genitalbau unterscheidbar, ins-

besondere durch die Ausbildung des Tegumendaches und die Form des Clavus

(vgl. Tab. 1). Die Weibchen der neuen Art zeigen deutliche Unterschiede zu denen von

R. pusilella in der Anzahl der Fühler- und Tarsenglieder und zu denen von R. nigrociliella

vor allem in der Tarsengliederzahl. Die Unterschiede der Weibchen zu R. tarnierella

sind relativ gering, bei Serienuntersuchung lassen sich unterschiedliche Durchschnitts-

werte in der Anzahl der Fühler- und Tarsenglieder sowie in der Körpergröße feststellen.

Die R. tarnierella Weibchen sind durchschnittlich größer. Der Sackaufbau ähnelt dem

der näher verglichenen Arten.

Derivatio nominis. Diese neue Art ist meinem Freund Wilfried Arnscheid in Dank-

barkeit gewidmet.

3. Zur Verbreitung und Lebensweise von Reisseronia arnscheidi

Nach den ersten Funden im Jahre 2000 wurden während der nachfolgenden Jahre in

den Muntii Capatenei verschiedene Populationen gefunden. So konnte R. arnscheidi

Sp. n. bei Chiaculata, Brezoi, Valea Lui Stan, Salistea und Valea Macesului in mehreren

Populationen nachgewiesen werden, die stellenweise individuenstark waren. Einen

weiteren Fund in den nördlich benachbarten Muntii Lotrolui nördlich von Brezoi gab

es dann 2004. Schwerpunktmäßig kommen sie in Höhen zwischen 350 und 450 m NN

vor, im Valea Macesului bei 600 m NN.

Nota lepid. 28 (3/4): 203-211 207

Abb. 4. Reisseronia arnscheidi sp. n. Oben. Männlicher Sack mit Puppenhülle, 3 km N

Chiaculata, 350 m, Anfang Juni 2004 (e. 1.). Unten. Weiblicher Sack, W Valea Lui Stan, 400 m,

01. Mai 2002 (e. 1.).

Die Lebensräume bilden Felshänge und Felswände mit anstehendem Gestein, die

südost-, stid- und stidwestexponierte Lagen aufweisen.

Aktive Raupen wurden hauptsächlich auf Moospolstern aufgefunden. Im Allgemeinen

leben sie sehr versteckt und oftmals fressen sie sich regelrecht in die Moospolster hinein

und schauen nur mit dem hinteren Teil des Sackes heraus. Zur Verpuppung spinnen die

Raupen ıhren Sack meist in Felsspalten an, teilweise aber auch an Grashalmen.

Die Art ist univoltin. Die Imagines schlüpften bei der Zucht zwischen Mitte Mai und

01. Juli (Männchen) und Anfang Mai bis Ende Juni (Weibchen).

Die Schlupfzeit der Männchen wurde in den Morgenstunden zwischen 7 und 10 Uhr

registriert, lockende Weibchen konnten um 11 Uhr (MSZ) beobachtet werden.

R. arnscheidi sp. n. ist mit folgenden Psychidenarten vergesellschaftet: Siederia trans-

silvanica Herrmann & Weidlich, 1999, Dahlica triquetrella (Hübner, 1813), Dahlica

sp., Taleporia tubulosa (Retzius, 1783), Melasina ciliaris (Ochsenheimer, 1810).,

Psyche casta (Pallas, 1767), Psyche crassiorella (Bruand, 1851), Bijugis sp., Rebelia

sp., Canephora hirsuta (Poda, 1761) und Apterona helicinoides (Vallot, 1827).

4. Weitere Beobachtungen zur Psychidenfauna der Muntii Capatenei und Muntii

Lotrului in den Jahren 2000 bis 2005

Die nachfolgenden Angaben stammen aus den Zeiträumen 9.-10.v.2000, 15.1v.2001,

24.-25.1v.2002, 18.-19.1v.2003, 18.-19.1v.2004 und 14.-15.1v.2005. Eine Gesamtiiber-

sicht ist in der Tab. 2 dargestellt.

WEIDLICH: Reisseronia arnscheidi sp. n. aus den Südkarpaten

208

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Nota lepid. 28 (3/4): 203-211

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210 WEIDLICH: Reisseronia arnscheidi sp. n. aus den Südkarpaten

Nach dem Verzeichnis der Schmetterlinge Rumäniens (Rakosy, Goia & Kovacs 2003)

werden folgende Arten erstmalig aus der Kleinen Walachei (Oltenia) gemeldet:

Siederia transsilvanica wurde 1986 in den Siidkarpaten bei Petrosani entdeckt und 1999

beschrieben. Die Vorkommen liegen in den östlichsten Teilen der Muntii Vulcanului

und den westlichsten Bereichen der Muntii Paringului (Transsilvania-Siebenbiirgen).

Die neuen Nachweise in den Muntii Capatenei und Muntii Lotrului liegen etwa 50

bis 70 km weiter östlich (Oltenia-Kleine Walachei). Die bekannte Höhenverbreitung

erstreckt sich nunmehr zwischen 300 m und 1050 m NN. Besonders häufig ist

S. transsilvanica in der Umgebung von Malaia, wo die Säcke zu Hunderten an Felsen

aufgefunden werden konnten.

Taleporia tubulosa ist ebenfalls weit verbreitet, aber nicht so häufig wie P. casta und

ist hauptsächlich an Felsen bei Salistea, Valea Lui Stan, Chiaculata, Malaia, Valea

Macesului, Voineasa und Brezoi zu finden.

Die Säcke von Psyche casta sind meist in Anzahl bei Salistea, Valea Lui Stan, Chiaculata,

Malaia, Valea Macesului, Voineasa und Brezoi an Felsen zu finden.

Acanthopsyche atra (Linnaeus, 1767): 1 Sack, ca. 7,5 km W Voineasa, 1050 m, 10.v.2000,

an Felsen angesponnen und weitere 5 Säcke am 24.1v.2002 an gleicher Stelle.

Ptilocephala plumifera (Ochsenheimer, 1810): 2 Säcke, ca. 7,5 km W Voineasa,

1050 m, 10.v.2000, 24.1v.2002.

Für folgende Arten liegen lediglich alte Funde bzw. Nachweise aus dem Zeitraum

1901-1980 vor (vgl. Rakosy, Goia & Kovacs 2003):

Canephora hirsuta: 1 Sack Valea Macesului E Voineasa, 600 m, 10.v.2000; 2 Säcke

ca. 3 km N Chiaculata, 350 m, 25.1v.2002, 18.1v.2003; 1 Sack ca. 2 km S Riu Vadului

bei Brezoi, 400 m, 19.1v.2004 an Felsen.

Apterona helicinoides: 1 Sack an Felsen, ca. 3 km N Chiaculata, 350 m, 18.1v.2003;

l Sack 5 km N Brezoi, 350 m, 19.1v.2004.

Außerdem wurden drei noch nicht bestimmte bzw. bestimmbare Psychidenarten im

Untersuchungsgebiet gefunden: Dahlica sp.: Ebenfalls weit verbreitet bis häufig bei

Salistea, Valea Lui Stan, Chiaculata, Malaia, Valea Macesului, Voineasa und Brezoi.

Ein Männchen konnte am 25.1v.2002 um 7.34 Uhr (MESZ) fliegend beobachtet werden.

In der Zucht schlüpften die Männchen vom 21.iv.—15.v. und die Weibchen zwischen

dem 19.-30.iv. Bei der großen Zahl an Dahlica-Populationen im Karpatenbogen ist es

notwendig, eine umfassende Revision voranzustellen, um die Artenproblematik zu lösen

und eine abgesicherte Determination zu gewährleisten. Bereits Herrmann & Weidlich

(1990) haben auf diese Gesamtproblematik hingewiesen und die Populationen aus den

Munti Vulcanului und Muntii Paringului provisorisch Dahlica wagneri (Gozmany

1952) zugeordnet.

Rebelia sp.: Je 1 Sack am 19.1v.2003 1 km W Salistea 450 m und am 19.1v.2004 ca.

2 km S Riu Vadului 400 m an Felsen.

Bijugis sp.: Ein einzelner Sack wurde am 18.1v.2004 an Felsen ca. 3 km N Chiaculata

350 m entdeckt, der ein Weibchen am 17.v1.2004 ergab. Sehr wahrscheinlich handelt

es sich um Bijugis bombycella ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775), die bereits aus der

Kleinen Walachei gemeldet wurde (vgl. Rakosy, Goia & Kovacs 2003).

Nota lepid. 28 (3/4): 203-211 211

5. Danksagung

Meine Danksagung gilt in erster Linie den Herren W. Arnscheid (Rösrath/ Deutschland), der mich

umfassend bei der Abfassung der Arbeit unterstützte und T. Witt (München/Deutschland), welcher

mir das Material von H. Meier zur Verfügung stellte und somit den Anstoß für die Beschreibung gab.

Weiterhin sei Laszlo Rakosy (Cluj-Napoca/Rumänien) für viele Hinweise zur Untersuchung faunistisch

hochinteressanter rumänischer Gebiete gedankt. Den Herren P. Hättenschwiler (Uster/Schweiz), E. Hauser

(Wolfern bei Steyr/Osterreich) und W. Speidel (München/Deutschland) danke ich für die konstruktive

Durchsicht des Manuskriptes.

6. Literatur

Dalla Torre, K. W. v. & E. Strand 1929. Lepidopterorum Catalogus, Pars 34 Psychidae. — Berlin, 211 pp.

Hauser, E. 1996. Ein neues Subgenus und eine neue Art aus Kreta: Reisseronia (Tsikalasia) malickyi

(Lepidoptera: Psychidae). — Entomologische Zeitschrift 106 (11): 433-480.

Herrmann, R. & M. Weidlich 1990. Psychidenbeobachtungen in Westrumänien — Teil 1 (Lepidoptera,

Psychidae). — Nota lepidopterologica 13 (1): 12-27.

Herrmann, R. & M. Weidlich 1999. Psychidenbeobachtungen in Westrumänien — Teil 2. Beschreibung von

Siederia transsilvanica sp. n. (Psychidae). — Nota lepidopterologica 22 (1): 10-16.

Karsholt, O. & J. Razowski 1996. The Lepidoptera of Europe. — Apollo Books, Stenstrup.

König, F. & M. Weidlich 2001. Zur Schmetterlingsfauna des Banater Karstgebirges in Südwestrumäniens

(Lepidoptera). — Esperiana 8: 732-746.

Rakosy, L., M. Goia & Z. Kovacs 2003. Verzeichnis der Schmetterlinge Rumäniens. — Societatea

Lepidopterologica Romana, Cluj-Napoca, 446 pp.

Sauter, W. 1956. Morphologie und Systematik der schweizerischen Solenobia-Arten. — Revue Suisse de

Zoologie 63 (3): 27, 451-550.

Sieder, L. 1972. Reisseronia gen. nov. (Lepidoptera, Psychidae). — Zeitschrift der Wiener Entomologischen

Gessellschaft 41: 162-170.

Weidlich, M. 1989. Die Psychidenfauna Bulgarisch-Mazedoniens mit der Erstbeschreibung des Weibchens

und Sackes von Reisseronia nigrociliella (Rebel, 1934) (Lepidoptera, Psychidae). — Nachrichtenblatt

der Bayerischen Entomologen 38 (1): 1-12.

Weidlich, M. (im Druck). Zum Vorkommen von Eosolenobia manni (Zeller, 1852) in Rumänien mit einem

Überblick zur Gesamtverbreitung in Europa (Lepidoptera: Psychidae). — Entomologica romanica.

Nota lepid. 28 (3/4): 213-224 215

Factors influencing nectar plant resource visits by butterflies on

a university campus: implications for conservation

ASHISH DILIPRAO TIPLE!, VISHAL P. DESHMUKH? & ROGER L. H. DENNIS?

! Department of Zoology, Amravati University, Amravati, India.; e-mail ashishdtiple@ yahoo.co.in

? Department of Botany, Amravati University, Amravati, India.

> NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Monks Wood, Abbots Ripton, Huntingdon, Cambridgeshire

PE28 2LS, U.K. and School of Biological Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington,

Oxford OX3 OBP, U.K.

Abstract. Floral attributes are well known to influence nectar-feeding butterflies. However, very little

information is available on butterfly species and their nectar host plant relationships from north central

India. The present study was carried out on Amravati University Campus from July 2004 to January

2005. A total of 48 butterfly species was recorded belonging to five families and included five species

previously unrecorded on the campus. Nineteen nectar host plants were identified belonging to 12 plant

families. Visits of butterflies were more frequent to flowers with tubular corollas than to non tubular ones,

to flowers of herbs and shrubs rather than trees, to flowers coloured red, yellow, blue and purple than those

coloured white and pink, and to flower sources available for longer periods in the year. Flower abundance,

flowering period, flower colour and flower shape correlate significantly with plant habit, trees having

sparser flowers generally with shorter flowering periods, less bright colours and non tubular flower shapes.

A number of butterflies were observed to visit more (Danaus chrysippus, Tirumala septentrionis) or fewer

flower (Zizula hylax) sources than expected and one plant (Bauhinia purpurea) had fewer visiting butterfly

species than expected. The observations support the value of the university campus in providing valuable

resources for butterflies.

Key words. India, Lepidoptera, Amravati University, resources, habitat, nectar plants, diversity, plant

structure.

Introduction

Amravati University Campus (area 190 ha) is situated at about 4 km north east of city

Amravati (20°50’N 77°47’E) in the Pohara Forest Range (Maharashtra State of India).

The east side of the campus is hilly and covered by the Pohara Malkhed Reserved

Forest range. The campus, well known for its gardens, is occupied by tree plantations,

ornamental plants in garden plots, a nursery and flowering plants around buildings;

wild grasses and plants are spread over the campus. Many of the flowering plants

are used by butterflies as nectar plants and support a rich diversity of butterflies. To

determine the conservation value of the flowering plants for butterfly diversity a study

has been carried out on nectar source visits by butterflies on the university campus

based on previous checklists for both plants and butterflies (Palot 1998; Nair 2002).

Earlier studies in the region have demonstrated the impact of larval host plants and

nectar plants on the status of butterflies (Culin 2004; Solman Raju et al. 2004).

Within the region of Amravati, butterflies do not feed indiscriminately from any flower

they find. They show preference for certain nectar flowers with specific chemical

composition (Kunte 2000). But, very little information is available on feeding habits

and food resources of adult butterflies compared to that of the larvae (Kunte 2000). The

present study on the Amravati University Campus is a preliminary attempt to determine

the link between characteristics of floral nectar plants and the butterflies using them as

nutrient sources.

Nota lepidopterologica, 17.02.2006, ISSN 0342-7536

214 TIPLE et al.: Nectar plant resource visits by butterflies

Methods and Materials

The findings presented here are based on a field survey and investigation carried out

by the first author on a daily basis from July 2004 to January 2005 on the Amravati

University Campus during the peak flowering period (tropical seasonal climate).

Observations were made during a fixed daily transect carried out between 7.00 h to

10.00 h and 17.00 to 18.00 h outside teaching hours. Species were identified directly

in the field or, in difficult cases, following capture or photography. Collecting was

restricted to those specimens that could not be identified directly.

Butterflies were identified from Wynter-Blyth (1957), Gey et al. (1992) and Kunte

(2000). Specific observations were made on each plant species visited by butterflies:

plant habits, flowering period and floral characteristics such as colour and shape of

corolla were examined. Specimens from the plant species visited by butterflies were

photographed and/or collected and identified by the second author (VPD).

All scientific names follow Varshney (1983) and common English names are after

Wynter Blyth (1957). Based on number of sightings butterfly species were categorized

into very rare (< 2 sightings), rare (2-15 sightings), not rare (15-50 sightings), common

(50-100 sightings) and very common (more than 100 sightings) and ranked from 1 (very

rare) to 5 (very common). Availability of flowers (abundance of flowers) for flowering

plants on the campus was placed into three categories, (1) sparse, (2) moderate and (3)

dense, reflecting changes in abundance in orders of magnitude.

For analysis, plants were classed for habit, (tree, shrub, herb), corolla shape (tubular and

non-tubular), flowering period (all year or restricted to less than half a year) and colour

(white, pink, red, yellow, blue and purple with cream treated as white). Flower colour

was also simplified into white/pink versus red/yellow/blue/purple. Number of flower

visits by butterflies, number of flower categories visited by butterflies and number of

butterfly species visiting flowers have been normalised (sqrt,, loge ); in all regression

analyses the residuals have been tested for normality.

Four issues are investigated: (1) the relative dependence on nectar sources by butterflies,

(11) the range of nectar source use by butterflies; (111) the size of the nectar feeding

butterfly guild on flowering plants, and (iv) the influence of attributes of flowering

plants (abundance, habit, colour, flowering period and corolla shape) on nectaring

visits across species. For the second and third investigations, no assumption is made

as to the form of the positive relationship between species making visits and visits

observed beyond that it is linear following transformation for normality. This differs

from the model used by Tudor et al. (2004) which assumes a strict logarithmic

curve following Gleason’s method of relating species number to area; although the

transformations required supported a general fall off in species for increasing number

of observations, this was not always found to follow a strict logarithmic model. In the

second investigation, a butterfly species seen feeding frequently is likely to feed on

more flower species than one seen rarely. Positive deviations from this pattern would

indicate generalism, and negative deviations specialism in the feeding habits of the

butterfly. In the third investigation, flower species more popular than expected will

Nota lepid. 28 (3/4): 213-224 215

have more butterfly species feeding on them and those less popular than expected

will receive fewer butterfly species than expected. The fourth investigation involves

direct comparisons applying t tests and ANOVA and associations using Gamma, which

accounts for tied values (Goodman & Kruskal 1972). AIT analyses have been carried

out in STATISTICA (Statsoft 1999).

Results

During the course of study 48 species of butterflies, belonging to 5 families, were

recorded; five were new records for the university campus. These species were found

utilizing the flower nectar of 19 plants species belonging to 12 families. Most butterflies

recorded belong to the Nymphalidae (22 species) with two new records to the campus

(1.e., Tirumala septentrionis (Dark blue tiger) and Parantica aglea (Glossy tiger)).

Eleven Lycaenidae species were recorded with one new record (1.e. Rapala larbus

(Indian red flash)). A further 10 Pieridae species were recorded with two new records

(1.e., Cepora nerissa (Common gull) and Pareronia valeria (Common wanderer)). Only

1 species is recorded from the Hesperiidae and 4 species recorded from the Papilionidae.

Among the 48 butterflies recorded three species come under the protection category of

the Indian Wild Life (protection) Act 1972 (Kunte 2000). Among them Hypolimnas

misippus came under schedule I of the act. The species recorded which come under

schedule IT of the wild life protection act 1972 are Hypolimnas misippus, Pareronia

valeria, and Lampides boeticus (Gupta & Mondal 2005). The list of butterflies along

with their common names, occurrence status, and nectar plants utilized by each butterfly

species is provided in Tab. 1. The plant species utilized by each butterfly species along

with habit, flowering period, colour, and corolla shape is given in Tab. 2. Each plant

species included in the present study was utilized by more than one butterfly species.

Observed versus expected nectaring events. To determine whether species were

observed visiting flowers as often as expected from their general abundance on the

campus, the number of nectar visits by butterfly species has been regressed against

their abundance coding. A significant correlation is found (F,,, = 34.18, R? = 42.6%,

P < 0.00001, N = 48). Three distinctive outliers exist (>I2I standard errors): Danaus

genutia and Parantica aglea were observed to be nectaring far more frequently than

expected from their general abundance on the campus and Melanitis leda far less

frequently from its observed abundance (Fig. 1).

Range of nectar plants used by butterflies. To determine the number of nectar plants

used by butterflies, the number of flower groups has been regressed against number of

observations (flower visits; Fig. 2). A significant relationship is found (F, ,, = 51.19,

P < 0.00001, R° = 52.7%, N = 48 butterfly species). Three outliers were found (>12I

standard errors); Danaus chrysippus and Tirumala septentrionis visit significantly more

nectar sources than expected and Zizula hylax significantly fewer than expected. Other

species also tend to have more (e.g., Catopsilia pomona, Byblia ilithyia) or fewer (e.g.,

Zizeeria karsandra, Chilades laius, Catochrysops strabo, Lampides boeticus) nectar

visiting sources than expected.

216 TIPLE et al.: Nectar plant resource visits by butterflies

; C pyranthe

D genutia f core

16 e ®

J hierta

T limniace 5

14 Paden E E brigitta

LY ® El “ai D chrysippus

7) Mar.

5 12 A aurota __ P phqanthe

= © L plinius °

3 C ne a

O 10 : F trochylus@ HES

D C aus Baal Z hylax P d@moleus

= C nerissa ré PORONE

oO 8 ® X merione Z karsandra

u L boeticus

O P aristolochiae Y asterope | maffanne ’

Q e C strabo e C cardui

£& 6 A Violas G agamemnon

= H bolina

=z B ilithyia

H misippus

4 SD auchan pe 8 | sepentrionis

ST hi arladne

iphitag °

Rmaneae

2 ' M perseus

R iarbus @ M leda

0) 1 2 3 4 5 6

Butterfly abundance

Fig. 1. Number of nectar visits by butterfly species in relation to butterfly abundance on the Amravati

University campus. (nectar visits: square root transformed; butterfly abundance: 1 very rare (< 2 sightings),

2 rare (2-15 sightings), 3 Not rare (15-50 sightings), 4 common (50-100 sightings), 5 very common

(> 100 sightings); for full names of butterfly species see Tab. 1).

Number of butterfly species feeding on nectar sources. To ascertain the size of the

nectar feeding butterfly guild on flowering plants, the number of butterfly species

has been regressed on number of observations (flower visits; Fig. 3). A significant

relationship is found Chi? = 79.74, P < 0.00001, R* = 82.4%, N = 19 plants). One

outlier is found (>I2| standard errors), Bauhinia purpurea, which is visited by fewer

butterfly species than expected. A number of other plants have more (e.g., Jatropha

gossypiifolia, Lantera camera) or fewer (e.g., Gaillardia spp., Tribulus terrestris)

butterfly species visiting them than expected.

Factors influencing visits to flowers. Visits to herbs and shrubs were more frequent

than visits to flowering trees, but not significantly so (F,,,, = 2.43, P = 0.09). When

shrubs and herbs are combined, this difference increases (t a= 1.85, P = 0.07) and

the ranked difference is significant (Mann-Whitney U, Z = 2.12, P = 0.03). Flowering

period has a significant impact on visits for nectar (t,,, = 3.48, P = 0.0006); plants

flowering all year have more visits despite the fact that the survey was carried out for

seven months. Flower shape also significantly influences visits for nectar (t,,, = 3.12, P

= 0.002); tubular shaped corollas have more visits than those that do not.

171

Nota lepid. 28 (3/4): 213-224 217

3.4

32 D Ours

D genutia

3.0 e

E core

“28 C pyranth

5 © e ©

3 26 u

Ps E = ac limniace

D T eu P ul

S 22

O C nerissa

= B ilithyia j C pandavaP pfalantha P aglea J hierta

uw 2.0 e ee ee o e e

fe) G agamemnon L plinius

O 1.8 | marianne J lemonias = a

Q . A

= 16 P aristolocRiae F trochylus A aurota

5 !: D eucharis A merione

zZ nisipp C aa

14 1 Y asterope Ppolytes

1.2

Cstrabo C laius

L boeti

1.0 m ye N sandra 2 hylax

0.8

(6) 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

Number of observations

Fig. 2. Number of flower groups visited by butterflies in relation to the number of nectar visits observed

(Both axes square root transformed; for full names of butterfly species see Tab. 1).

Flower colour has been tested individually, one flower colour at a time, as well as

in a single test distinguishing white/pink flowers from others (red, yellow, blue and

purple). White and pink flowers receive fewer visits than flowers of other colours,

white flowers significantly so (white: t = 2.71, P = 0.007, pink: t = -1.16,P= 0.11, df

= 171). Red, yellow and blue/purple flowers receive more visits than other colours,

though not significantly for red flowers (red: t = -0.78, P = 0.44, yellow: t = -2.75, P=

0.007, blue/purple: t = -2.16, P =0.03; df = 171). When flowers are combined for colour,

white/pink flowers receive significantly fewer visits than flowers of other colours (red/

yellow/blue/purple) (t,,, = 3.89, P = 0.0001).

To determine the main influences for across butterfly species visits to nectar sources,

number of visits (log transformed) have been regressed using forwards stepwise entry

of variables against flower abundance (sparse, moderate, dense), habit (trees versus

shrubs/herbs), flowering period (all year versus restricted period), flower shape (tubular/

non-tubular) and flower colour (white/pink versus other colours). Three variables were

found to significantly contribute to number of visits (F,,,, = 14.52, R® = 20.5%, P <

0.00001, N = 173): flower abundance (R? = 12.9%), flower colour (R? = 4.1%) and

218 TIPLE et al.: Nectar plant resource visits by butterflies

T procumbens

3:95 L camara

T PUrDUuNgE

L mollis @ | zeylanica

. Galerie spp

M oleifera j

(ex!

Clotaloria spp T terrestris

C rosesès

Number of butterfly species

= ö

J gossypiifolia B purpurea

g xP p 3

Ocimum spp

) 1 2 3 4 5 6 rs 8

Number of observations

Fig. 3. Number of butterfly species visiting nectar flower groups in relation to the number of visits observed

for each flower group. (Both axes log transformed; for full names of plant groups see Tab. 2).

flowering period (R? = 3.5%); beta coefficients for all three variables are significant at

P < 0.007) though the overall explained variance is relatively low. However, habit is

highly correlated with flower abundance (Gamma = -1.0), flowering period (Gamma

= -0.94, P < 0.0001) and flower shape (Gamma = -0.82), and flower shape is highly

correlated both with flowering period (Gamma = 0.92) and flower colour (Gamma =

0.95) (P < 0.0001 in both cases) (Tab. 3). Trees, which have significantly fewer nectar

visits, also have a significantly sparser flowers, shorter flowering period, fewer tubular

corollas and more typically have white/pink flowers rather than red, yellow or blue-

purple.

Discussion

Observations on nectar visits in butterflies on the Amravati University campus, in a

tropical context, support four previous general findings on adult feeding in butterflies

mainly from surveys of temperate butterflies (e.g., Faegri & van der Pijl 1979; Jennersten

1984; Porter et al. 1992; Corbet 2000; Tudor et al. 2004): (1) extensive variation in the

range of dependency on nectar as a resource, (ii) varying degrees of generalism and

Nota lepid. 28 (3/4): 213-224 219

Tab. 1. Flower-visiting butterfly species of Amravati University Campus together with common name,

status and nectar host plants. VC Very common (> 100 sightings), C Common (50-100 sightings), NR Not

rare (15-50 sightings), R Rare (2-15 sightings), VR Very rare (< 2 sightings). For numbers in nectar host

plant column, see Tab. 2.

Butterfly species Nectar host plant

Hesperiidae

Borbo cinnara 4,5,6,7,16,18,19

Papillionidae

Papilio polytes

Papilio demoleus

Pachliopta arstolochiae

Graphium agamemnon

Pieridae

Catopsilia pomona emon Emigrant

Catopsilia pyranthe Mottled Emigrant

Eurema brigitta Small grass yellow

Eurema hecabe Common grass yellow

Eurema laeta Spotless grass yellow

Delis eucharis ommon Jezebel

Anaphaeis aurota ioneer

Ixias marianne hite Orange Tip

Cepora nerissa ommon Gull

Pareronia valeria Common Wanderer

Lycaenidae

Zizula hylax

Zizeeria karsandra

Freyeria trochylus

Lampides boeticus

Chilades laius

Leptotes plinius

Tarucus nara

Catochrysops strabo

Chilades pandava

Rapala manea

7,8,12,16,18

25,8

2,5,16,18

Lime Butterfly

Common Rose

= — Q

= 3

a 5

sl 3

| an }

allez

AIOI?

ih)

RNA PASS

233011517418

155:7-9;12,15,18

7:10.12.17:18.19,

1,7,8,9,12:18

12,18

7,12,18

7,14,18

5,7,12,18

= Q cles le

À AIQ

pol

—

iny Grass Blue

ark Grass Blue

rass Jewel

ea Blue

ime Blue

ebra Blue

ounded pierrot

Forgot-me-not

wloln|xiNlt|m|ols|-

S |»

GEI

er]

p |O

Sts,

eG:

<I<|INIMNI<| NM AIAINIA

Win @

131,18

(AAG AEs:

Dl RIN le ISIS

Ne}

I | —

141819

Rapala iarbus Indian Red Flash

Nymphalidae

Common Evening Brown

Common Bushbrown

Common Three Ring

lue Pansy

hocolate Pansy

in Ti

triped Tiger

lue Tiger

Dark Blue Tiger

Glossy Tiger

Common Leopard

33.913,18

C 1,6,7,18

Joker

Common Indian Crow

Great Eggfly

19, 10512

o(olz|zlols|slelolelglele|zielelsls

= 5 0e £ = = 5 |=

ejBl2l212=| [3 = 5 |:

gs lee Ua III

AAA * ol [2 |B

ZIEI* 12 12/8 AE

Q ZC) eii® = Ol a ree) =

AAIAINIO Q

220 TIPLE et al.: Nectar plant resource visits by butterflies

Tab. 2. Nectar host plants and floral characteristics of butterfly species of Amravati University Campus.

YL flowering all year: numbers indicate months of flowering; Corolla shape: T tubular, NT non-tubular;

flower abundance: S sparse, M moderate, D dense.

No | Plant species or group Flowering Flower Corolla Flower

period colour shape | abundance

Amaranthaceae

Pink/white

3 | Catharanthusroseses | sin | vr | ne | roa

[4 | Gaillardia spp. | shrub | YL | nd | T | D |

[5 | Tagetis spp. | shrub | YL | Red/yellow | T | D |

16 | Lagasca mollis | herb | 6-11 | white | T | D |

7 | Tridax procumbens | herb | YL | yellow | T | D |

8 | Trichodesma indicum | herb | YL | Blue/white | T | M |

[9 | Trichodesma zeylanica | herb | YL | yellow | T | D 7

FT Cnesalpiniagese — — C“‘“CSCSCOCO™C*~C*~‘d

as! Euphorbiaceae

[ [Rabe

[ [demise 0

14 | Ocimum spp. | herb | 7-10 | White | T | D |

Malvaceae

| 15 | Sidaacua | heb | 7-11 |, cream: ‘| Ta

[[Moringacers m nn

Rhamnaceae

Verbenaceae

18 | Lantana camara [ shrub | YL | yellow | T | D |

Zygophyllaceae

19 | Tribulus terrestris | herb | 6-10 | yellow | NT | M

Tab. 3. Associations among nectar plant attributes and nectar visits (Gamma). Abundance: 1 sparse,

2 moderate, 3 dense; Habit: 1 herbs/shrubs, 2 trees; flowering period: 1 < half year, 2 all year; flower

colour: 1 white/pink, 2 red/yellow, purple-blue; flower shape: 1 non tubular, 2 tubular. All coefficients are

significant at P< 0.0001, except that between habit and flower colour with P = 0.015; N = 173.

Flowering Period

Nota lepid. 28 (3/4): 213-224 221

specialism on flowering plants for nectar, (111) the wide range in butterfly guilds on

different nectar plants, and (iv) and the wide range of physical attributes used as cues

for nectar quality or correlating with other (chemical) cues underlying nectar quality of

flowering plants.

Butterflies differ in their dependency on nectar for somatic maintenance and reproductive

potential (Gilbert 1981). In some species (e.g., Euphydryas editha bayensis) females

emerge with a fixed number of oocytes in the ovaries, a relatively large proportion

of which are chorionated and ready for deposition (Boggs & Nieminen 2004); other

species (e.g., Heliconius spp.) display continual oogenesis and have no chorionated

eggs on emergence (Gilbert 1973); the latter depend highly on adult acquired nutrition.

Nutrition for egglaying may be obtained directly from adult feeding or from male

reproductive investments as nuptial gifts (Boggs, 1995, Mevi-Schütz & Erhardt 2004).

A relationship has previously been found between the abundance of butterflies and

the diversity of nectar host plants utilized by them in India (Solman Raju 2004) as

elsewhere (e.g., Feber et al. 1996, Swengel & Swengel 2001, Krauss et al. 2003). The

current observations at the Amravati University campus suggest that some species (e.g.,

Danaus genutia, Catopsilia pyranthe and Parantica aglea) are greatly more dependent

on nectar sources than other species (e.g., Rapala iarbus, Ixias marianne, Mycalesis

perseus and Melanitis leda). The substantially fewer observations of nectar feeding in

Melanitis leda than expected may largely owe to its crepuscular habit (Roberts 2001),

but observations were carried out between 17.00 and 18.00h local time and cannot

entirely explain the lack of nectar feeding in this butterfly and the closely related

Mycalesis perseus. As grass feeders they may also be obtaining sustenance from other

resources (e.g., ergot; Shreeve 1992) including rotting fruit or sap.

Butterflies have been found to differ in the range of available nectar sources used.

In the parlance of host use, they are described as being generalists and specialists

respectively. In a previous study in a temperate context, specialist nectar feeders were

found to be species of conservation concern, having fewer broods, lower mobility and

being associated with specific (taller) plant life forms; there was no relationship with

wing size or proboscis length (Tudor et al. 2004). Linked with this it was also found

that nectar plants have differently sized butterfly-feeding guilds on them. The present

study confirms distinctions of nectar use generalism and specialism and range in guild

size for plants, for a tropical context. In particular, Danaus chrysippus and Tirumala

septentrionis use significantly more nectar sources than expected and Zizula hylax less

sources than expected. Regarding butterfly nectar feeding guilds on plants, Bauhinia

purpurea, despite being an attractive colour for butterflies, has a very limited guild of

butterflies feeding on it. In a recent study of feeding by Danaus genutia on four nectar

sources (Crotalaria juncea, Nerium oleander, Barleria cristata and Bauhinia purpurea)

at the Kaziranga National Sanctuary, Assam, India, the fewest visits were also paid to

Bauhinia purpurea (Bhuyan et al. 2005). The fact that it is a tree species with non-

tubular flowers, and a flowering period restricted to a period between September and

December, may form part of the reason, factors apparently not offset by flower colour.

Unfortunately, biological data are unavailable for the Amravati species to determine

underlying biological influences for these associations.

222 TIPLE et al.: Nectar plant resource visits by butterflies

Nectar use has long been linked to flowering attributes, for instance, nectar concentrations

(Watt et al. 1974, Pivnick & McNeil 1985), colour and pattern (Faegri & van der Pijl

1979, Jennersten 1984) and structure (e.g., corolla length) (Kingsolver & Daniel 1979)

and butterfly morphology (e.g., proboscis length, wing loading) (Porter et al. 1992,

Corbet 2000). Learned behaviour is also a feature of flower constancy (Goulson et

al. 1997). The present study confirms the influence of flower colour and structure and

adds plant habit (tree versus shrub/herb) and length of flowering time. A number of

studies in temperate contexts have observed shifts in nectar flower use with emergence

period and broods (Porter et al. 1992). In a tropical context flowering time is perhaps

even more important than in a temperate context, as butterflies tend to be continuously

brooded and require access to a continuous supply of flowering nectar-producing plants

that may not be available. Shrubs and herbs provide this significantly more frequently

than trees on the Amravati University campus.

The findings of the present study underline the importance of institutional estates,

in this case a university campus, in providing resources for butterflies. Often, there

are large open areas on college campuses and both ornamental and more functional!

areas can be diversified for the benefit of arthropods and other animals. Naturally,

there has to be a balance between naturally grown, wild areas as well as mown grass

areas. Increase in semi-natural vegetation has its dangers in a tropical context (e.g.,

poisonous snakes), particularly for staff and students on a university campus. There

is considerable diversity of butterflies on the Amravati campus, to which five more

species have been added; 32 species are common and a further 16 species relatively

rare. The study not only confirms the importance of providing nectar resources for

butterflies, but also reveals what kind and variety of resources are most appropriate for

the butterfly fauna. Longer-lived trees provide fewer nectar resources than shorter-lived

shrubs and herbs. The Botanical Garden, the University Garden and the University

Dam at Amravati University are some of the rich butterfly areas on the campus and it

follows that increasing these areas by planting additional nectar plants and increasing

water resources would be valuable steps in the conservation of butterfly diversity on

the campus. It is clear, from the specific associations of nectar visits to plants, that the

obverse, a lack of flowering plants on the campus would have serious implications for

the butterfly fauna and the maintenance of their populations.

Of course, this is but one aspect of resource use of butterflies on the university campus

and a complete picture of habitat structure can only be obtained by research into all

consumable and utility resources (Dennis et al. 2003). Butterfly populations would

clearly benefit from planting indigenous, as opposed to exotic, nectar and larval host

plants. In particular, attention should be paid to the seasonal availability of resources

and to resources for less common butterflies on the campus. All in all, the campus

provides rich ground not just for conservation but also for research into butterfly and

arthropod biology for the students attending biology and ecology courses.

Nota lepid. 28 (3/4): 213-224 223

Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Prof. G. N. Vankhede, Head of the Department Zoology for providing facilities, J. S.

Wadatkar for critical identification of rare butterflies and to Prof. Sarah Corbet and Prof. S.D.Bhusari for

valuable suggestions. The first author is grateful to Dr. Sameer P. Narkhede for kind encouragement. Our

grateful thanks to Martin Konvicka and an anonymous referee for their comments.

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Nota lepid. 28 (3/4): 225-230 225

Elachista imatrella Schantz, 1971 (Elachistidae):

Female external morphology and redescription of the male

MARKO MUTANEN (MM) & JUHANI ITÄMIES (JI)

Zoological Museum, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland;

e-mail: marko.mutanen@oulu.fi

Abstract. The female external morphology of Elachista imatrella Schantz, 1971 is described based on a

single female specimen lacking the abdomen. The male E. imatrella is redescribed on the basis of new

material and compared with a close relative, E. cinereopunctella (Haworth, 1828). The species can be

distinguished most reliably by the length and shape of the aedeagus. The wing pattern of E. imatrella is

more distinct than presumed earlier. The habitat of E. imatrella is described and its possible life history

discussed.

Key words. Elachistidae, Elachista imatrella, Elachista cinereopunctella, taxonomy, morphology,

redescription.

Introduction

Elachista imatrella Schantz, 1971 was described on the basis of three male specimens

collected in the vicinity of Imatra, south-eastern Finland (Schantz 1971). Later, five

additional, old, and unlabelled specimens were recorded from Norway (Traugott-

Olsen & Schmidt Nielsen 1977). These were the only known records of this species

until it was rediscovered in Finland in 1993 (Kaila & Kerppola 1995). Those findings

were made in Rovaniemi, northern Finland, where two male specimens were found by

L. Sippola. Soon after that (when mapping the lepidopterous fauna of the planned Vuotos

water reservoir area in Pelkosenniemi in 1994), MM captured one male specimen

of this rarity by kicking it off a spruce tree in a fen area (Itämies & Mutanen 1995,

1996). This locality was later visited by other lepidopterists and three more specimens

were collected in 1996 (R. Siloaho and Henry Holmberg, pers. comm.). When the

Norwegian specimens were later re-examined, they were considered to belong to

E. cinereopunctella (Haworth, 1828) (L. Aarvik, pers. comm.). Therefore, E. imatrella

is known only from Finland, and a total of nine specimens are nowadays available. The

female genitalia still remain unknown as the only known female specimen, collected

from Pelkosenniemi, Lapland (H. Holmberg leg.) unfortunately lacks the abdomen.

E. imatrella is closely related to E. cinereopunctella (see Traugott-Olsen & Schmidt

Nielsen 1977). The following male characteristics are mentioned as diagnostic

(Traugott-Olsen & Schmidt Nielsen 1977, Kaila & Kerppola 1995): 1. The wing pattern

of E. imatrella is very indistinct, whereas that of E. cinereopunctella is conspicuous;

2. E. imatrella is smaller on average; 3. The aedeagus of the male genitalia of

E. imatrella is very long and slender, whereas in E. cinereopunctella it is much shorter

and also slightly thicker. The species further differ considerably in their ecology,

E. imatrella being confined to bogs and E. cinereopunctella to sandy or calcareous areas

with shady spots (Traugott-Olsen & Schmidt Nielsen 1977). The more recent findings

of E. imatrella have proved that some of the previously described characteristics either

show intraspecific variation or are due to the worn condition of the type material.

Nota lepidopterologica, 17.02.2006, ISSN 0342-7536

226 MUTANEN & ITAMIES: Elachista imatrella

In this paper, we describe the external morphology of the female and redescribe the

external and genital morphology of the male E. imatrella. We also comment on the

reliability of the above-mentioned diagnostic characteristics between E. imatrella and

E. cinereopunctella and provide diagnostic features for the males of the species.

Elachista imatrella Schantz, 1971

Material. E. imatrella: 10 Finland, Sa Imatra, 23.vi.1938, von Schantz leg. (slide 531/1964, von

Schantz); 10° KemLE: Pelkosenniemi 7456:538, 21.vi.1994, Mutanen leg. (slide 867 J. Itamies); 19 PPn:

Rovaniemi, 25.vi.1993, Sippola leg. (slide 585 M. Mutanen); 19 KemLE: Pelkosenniemi, 26.vi.1996,

Siloaho leg.; 19 KemL: Savukoski 745:53 (mislabelled, the correct municipality is Pelkosenniemi),

29.vi.1996, Holmberg leg., E. cinereopunctella: 20°, 19 Estonia, Saaremaa, 20.vi.1994, Nupponen leg.

(slides 573, 574 Mutanen); 29 Austria, 20.v.1992, Biesenbaum leg. (slides 1390, 3501 Kaila); 19 Poland,

Tatra Mountains, Nosul, 1150 m, 3.v11.1987, Buszko leg. (slide 3502 Kaila); 10 Russia, Aunus, 19.vi.1991,

Kullberg leg (slide 3503 Kaila).

Female, external morphology (Figs. 1-2). Forewing length 3.4 mm. Labial

palpus ascending; about as long as diameter of head; white above, except for tip of 3rd

segment, narrowly grey, greyish below. Antennae grey, scales slightly raised on distal

two thirds. Head creamy white. Neck tuft mottled grey (tips of scales greyish). Thorax

and tegula mottled grey. Forewing ground colour mottled greyish/brownish from base

to fascia, blackish beyond. Straight fascia situated beyond middle of costa, white and

distinct, faintly broken in middle and hardly reaching dorsum. Fold area with black dot

touching fascia. Tornal spot white and small. Faint white apical spot present. Tornal

fringe scales grey, apical fringe scales white with clear fringe line. Legs greyish, hind

leg pale inwardly. Tarsal articles grey, with broad white tip.

Male, redescription (Figs. 3-4, 7). Forewing length 3.2-3.7 mm. Labial palpus

proximally greyish white, distally with dark brown-tipped scales. Head yellowish white

with brownish scales between antennae. Neck tuft yellowish white, scales dark-tipped.

Antennae dark brown, slightly serrated. Tegula and thorax brownish grey. Forewing

ground colour greyish brown, with basally whitish scales giving mottled appearance;

with three whitish markings varying in intensity; basal spot absent; fascia situated at

3/5 and not reaching dorsum; tornal spot small but distinct; apex with distinct, ochreous

white streak-like spot; fringe line distinct, fringe yellowish white. Hindwing light

greyish brown.

Male genitalia. Uncus lobes rounded with shallow u-shaped indentation between

them. Gnathos bilobed, gnathos lobes elliptical. Distal margin of juxta lobes almost

straight; digitate process broadly club-shaped, narrow at base; valva proximally

broadest, narrowest before rounded and rather prominent cucullus; costal folds wide

and prominent; valva length (0.521-0.581 mm). Saccus v-shaped, medial ridge not

visible. Aedeagus length 0.559-0.599 mm and maximum width 0.029-0.039 mm,

aedeagus comparatively long (1.00-1.01 times length of valva), slender and distally

bent beyond slightly sclerotized ridges, vesica without cornuti.

Nota lepid. 28 (3/4): 225-230 223

Figs. 1-6. External appearance of Elachista imatrella and E. cinereopunctella. 1-2. E. imatrella Q and

6. E. cinereopunctella 9, Estonia, Saaremaa, 20.vi.1994, Nupponen leg.

Diagnosis. The E. imatrella male is externally similar to that of E. cinereopunctella (see

Figs. 5-6). The intensity ofthe wing pattern of E. imatrella seems to vary: wing markings

may be clear or less pronounced, but hardly ever absent in fresh specimens (Figs. 3-4).

The fascia is more outwardly situated in E. imatrella than in E. cinereopunctella, in

which it is situated before the middle of the costa. E. imatrella is smaller on average

than EF. cinereopunctella, but there is some overlap because the forewing length of the

studied E. cinereopunctella specimens varied from 3.6 to 4.0 mm. The species are most

228 MUTANEN & ITAMIES: Elachista imatrella

Mutanen leg. 8. E. cinereopunctella, Estonia, Saaremaa, 20.vi.1994, Nupponen leg.

reliably distinguishable based on the male genitalia, particularly the aedeagus, which is

both absolutely and relatively longer in E. imatrella. In E. cinereopunctella the length

of the aedeagus varies from 0.477 to 0.530 mm (n=6), being statistically significantly

shorter than in E. imatrella (t=7.24, df=9, p<0.001). The ratio between aedeagus and

valva is 0.86-0.93 in E. cinereopunctella, but 1.00-1.01 in E. imatrella. However, this

difference appears less prominent than presented by Traugott-Olsen & Schmidt Nielsen

(1977), since the illustrated aedeagus of E. imatrella represents the extreme type. The

maximum width of the E. cinereopunctella aedeagus (0.028-0.035 mm) is the same

as ın E. imatrella, but the shorter aedeagus also appears stouter (see Figs. 7-8). The

distal end of the aedeagus of E. cinereopunctella is straight or only very slightly bent

(Fig. 8). Due to the scarcity of E. imatrella specimens in collections, the reliability of

the diagnostic characteristics is slightly doubtful. The length of the aedeagus varies to

the extent of possible overlap at the junction of the distributions. The females of these

species closely resemble each other externally, but the fascia of E. cinereopunctella

is more proximally situated. Additional specimens of E. imatrella may reveal further

external differences between females, and additional characteristics are potentially

diagnostic in female genitalia.

Life history. Unknown. The species is confined to boggy habitats. The type series

was collected flying over Eriophorum vaginatum, which was considered the plausible

food plant by Schantz (1971). We consider this an improbable food plant for several

reasons: Firstly, this plant is very scarce in the Pelkosenniemi habitat. Secondly, because

E. vaginatum is often a dominant plant species in bogs in Finland, more findings of

E. imatrella could be expected if E. vaginatum really were the host plant. Thirdly, there

are almost always a number of sedge (Carex) species present together with Eriophorum,

and since the close relative E. cinereopunctella is confined to certain sedges, we believe

that some species of Carex are more probable food plants for E. imatrella. The locality

in Pelkosenniemi is a woody bog, with spruce and pine trees mostly less than five meters

tall. Dwarf birch (Betula nana) stands are dense in many places. The most abundant

Nota lepid. 28 (3/4): 225-230 229

sedges are Carex globularis and C. vaginata. The latter typically grows around and

under spruce trees, from where some E. imatrella adults were also swept (R. Siloaho,

pers. comm.). One male specimen was caught by kicking it on flight high up from

a spruce tree. In August 2000, MM, together with Tomi Mutanen, visited the place

and found several empty and some inhabited Elachista mines on C. vaginata, but this

rearing did not yield adults. No mines were found on C. globularis or E. vaginatum

despite intensive search. We therefore consider C. vaginata the more probable food

plant for E. imatrella. We have also visited the Rovaniemi locality, which resembles that

of Pelkosenniemi, but has more open areas with rich Eriophorum and Carex growths.

The adult of E. imatrella seems to be on the wing very early in the summer, in June, and

we therefore consider it probable that the larva reaches maturity in autumn. When the

first specimen from Pelkosenniemi was collected, species overwintering at the pupal

stage (e. g. Phyllonorycter salicicolellus (Sircom, 1848), P. rolandi (Svensson, 1966),

and Callisto coffeella (Zetterstedt, 1839)) had just started their flight.

Discussion

The genital differences between many species groups of Elachistidae are extremely

slight (see e. g. Kaila et al. 2001; Kaila & Junnilainen 2002; Kaila & Varalda 2004).

In many cases, the differentiation of a species is based not only on differences in its

external and genital morphology, but on a combination of morphological, biological,

and distributional data. This is also the case in E. imatrella, since the morphological

differences compared to E. cinereopunctella are slight. To our knowledge the two

species live in different geographical areas and inhabit different habitats. There may be

a reason for caution, however. Many lepidopteran species, such as Clepsis pallidana

(Fabricius), Thalera fimbrialis (Scopoli), and Lacanobia w-latinum (Hufnagel), that

are found in warm and dry localities in southern and central Europe, live mainly in bogs

and other moist habitats in Scandinavia (Mikkola & Jalas 1977; Mikkola et al. 1985;

Skou 1991; personal observations). Because we found intraspecific genital variation

small in both species and the genital differences to be constant over the whole ranges

and particularly between the closest population of E. cinereopunctella and E. imatrella

in south-eastern Fennoscandia, we consider the possibility of geographic intraspecific

variation in genitalia very improbable.

Acknowledgements

We are grateful to L. Kaila for extensive help in preparing this paper. We thank L. Aarvik, H. Holmberg,

L. Kaila, K. Nupponen, and R. Siloaho for loaning material to us, T. Mutanen for assistance during a field

trip in 2000, and an anonymous referee for comments. Sirkka-Liisa Leinonen and Bernard Landry kindly

checked the language. Kemijoki Oy financially supported the mapping of Lepidoptera of the planned

Vuotos reservoir area.

References

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Itamies, J. & M. Mutanen 1996. The lepidopterous fauna of the planned Vuotos reservoir area in eastern

Finnish Lapland. — Bothnian Bay reports 7: 39-51.

230 MUTANEN & ITÄMIES: Elachista imatrella

Kaila, L. & J. Junnilainen 2002. Taxonomy and identification of Elachista cingillella (H.S.) and its close

relatives (Lepidoptera, Elachistidae) with descriptions of two new species. — Entomologica Fennica

13: 167-188

Kaila, L. & S. Kerppola 1995. Mikroperhostiedonannot 1993-1994. — Baptria 20: 91-106.

Kaila, L. & P. Varalda 2004. The Elachista juliensis complex revisited (Elachistidae). — Nota

Lepidopterologica 27: 217-237.

Kaila, L., B. A. Bengtsson, I. Sulch & J. Junnilainen 2001. A revision of Elachista regificella Sircom-

complex (Lepidoptera, Elachistidae). — Entomologica Fennica 12: 153-168.

Mikkola, K. & I. Jalas 1977. Suomen Perhoset. Yökköset 1. — Suomen Perhostutkijain Seura/Otava.

Helsinki. 256 pp.

Mikkola, K., I. Jalas & O. Peltonen 1985. Suomen Perhoset. Mittarit 1. - Suomen Perhostutkijain Seura.

Tampere. 260 pp.

Schantz, M. von 1971. Zwei neue Kleinschmitterlinge (Microlepidoptera) aus Ostfennoscandien. — Notulae

Entomologicae 60: 99-101.

Skou, P. 1991. Nordens Ugler. Danmarks Dyreliv 5. — Apollo Books. Stenstrup. 565 pp.

Traugott-Olsen, E. & E. Schmidt Nielsen 1977. The Elachistidae (Lepidoptera) of Fennoscandia and

Denmark. — Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica 6: 1-299.

Nota lepid. 28 (3/4): 231-236 231

Apatema impunctella Amsel, 1940, stat. rev. (Autostichidae)

REINHARD SUTTER

Fläminger Ufer 4a, D-06749 Bitterfeld

Zusammenfassung. Für Apatema fasciata f. impunctella Amsel, 1940 wird der Lectotypus festgelegt, die

Art wird als bona species wieder eingesetzt und mit der nahe stehenden Apatema apolausticum Gozmany,

1996 verglichen.

Abstract. The author designed the lectotype for Apatema fasciata f. impunctella Amsel, 1940. The species

is considered as bona species and is compared with the closely related Apatema apolausticum Gozmany,

1996.

Key words. Apatema impunctella, nomenclature, lectotype designation

Vorbemerkungen

Die Gattung Apatema Walsingham, 1900 ist in Europa einschließlich der Kanarischen

Inseln mit 11 Arten vertreten. Die Genitaluntersuchung einer Reihe von Exemplaren

zeigte die Notwendigkeit einer Revision dieser Gattung. Vorliegende Arbeit ıst als ein

Beitrag dazu aufzufassen.

1940 hat Amsel Apatema fasciata f. impunctella beschrieben. Er schreibt: “Bei fasciata

tritt nun eine Form auf, die durch das Fehlen des schwarzen Punktes ın der gelben

Mittelbinde ausgezeichnet ist. ... Diese Form impunctella liegt mir vor aus: Ragusa

(Dalmatien) 15.-30.9.30, Kiriath Anavim (Jerusalem) 2.5.1930, und aus Sardinien von

den Fundorten: Sadalı 5.7.1936, Desulo 8.7.1936, Sacasa bei Arıtzo 21.-29.7.1930,

sämtliche Stücke von mir gesammelt.“

1952 befasste sich Amsel nochmals mit impunctella und bildet ohne weitere, nähere

Angabe ein männliches Genital von impunctella ab, vergleicht dieses mit fasciata

(Stainton, 1859) und erhebt impunctella in den Artrang. 1977 stellt dann Gozmany

impunctella Amsel, fälschlich mit der Jahreszahl 1952 kombiniert, als Synonym zu

A. mediopallidum Walsingham, 1900.

Nach Artikel 45.6.4 des ICZN (2000) ist der Name impunctella als subspezifisch

anzusehen (erstmals vor 1961 veröffentlicht und ausdrücklich mit der Bezeichnung

„t.“ verwendet). Die korrekte Bezeichnung ist deshalb: Apatema fasciata impunctella

Amsel, 1940.

Verwendete Abkürzungen

DEI Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Müncheberg

ÜMB Überseemuseum Bremen.

ZSM Zoologische Staatssammlung München

Ergebnisse

Im UMB befinden sich fünf weibliche Exemplare von impunctella, deren Fundorte

Amsel 1940 aufgezählt hat. Diese Tiere haben ein rotes Etikett: ,,Paratypus leg.

H. Amsel / A. fasciata f. impunctella”. Weil Amsel in der Originalbeschreibung keine

Nota lepidopterologica, 17.02.2006, ISSN 0342-7536

252 SUTTER: Apatema impunctella Amsel, 1940, stat. rev.

Typenkennzeichnung verôffentlicht hat, sind die vorliegenden fünf Exemplare als

Syntypen anzusehen.

Das von Amsel angeführte Exemplar von Kiriath Anavim wurde weder im ÜMB noch

an Amsels späterer Arbeitsstätte, dem Staatlichen Museum für Naturkunde Karlsruhe,

vorgefunden.

Von einem Syntypus liegt ein Genitalpräparat vor. Dieses Exemplar wird als Lectotypus

ausgewählt und hiermit festgelegt. Die Festlegung des Lectotypus erfolgt nach Artikel

74.7.3 des ICZN (2000) und dient der nomenklatorischen Stabilität.

Der Vergleich des Genitals des Lectotypus (Fig. 5) mit den Genitalien der anderen

Arten zeigt eine starke Ähnlichkeit zu A. apolausticum Gozmany, 1996 (Figs. 8-9),

während bei mediopallidum der Ductus bursae symmetrisch ist.

Der Lectotypus von A. impunctella wurde mit 170° und 209 von Sardinien verglichen.

Weil sich sowohl die Männchen als auch die Weibchen genitalmorphologisch

untereinander gleichen, gehören alle diese Exemplare zu A. impunctella. Der Vergleich

mit Präparaten von A. apolausticum von Rumänien (Terra typıca Baile Herculane),

Slowenien, Kroatien, Albanien, Bulgarien und Griechenland zeigt bei den Männchen

unterschiedliche Phalli, während bei den Weibchen nur geringe und nicht immer

deutliche Unterschiede der Genitalien bestehen. Aufgrund der konstanten Unterschiede

der Phalli liegen zwei valide Arten vor.

Apatema impunctella Amsel, 1940, stat. rev.

Material. Lectotypus A. impunctella, 9: 1.: Fundortetikett in Schreibmaschinenschrift, fotografisch

verkleinert: „Aritzo Sacasa 24.7.1936 H. G. Amsel“; 2.: rotes Etikett: Oberseite gedruckt „Paratypus

leg. H. Amsel“, Unterseite handschriftlich „A. fasciata f. impunctella“; 3.: rotes Etikett: „Lectotypus 9

Apatema impunctella Amsel, 1940 des. Sutter 2005“; 4.: weißes Etikett, handschriftlich in Blau „608°; 5.:

das zwischen Deckgläsern eingebettete Genital (Fig. 5), oberseitig beschriftet „Aritzo Sacasa 24.V 11.36,

edt. E. Jäckh 19“ und überklebt ‚608° und unterseitig in Rot Jäckh’s Präparatnummer „5504“, coll. UMB.

— Paralectotypen A. impunctella: 19 Aritzo, Sacasa, 29.VII.1936, H. G. Amsel; 19 Desulo, Sardegna,

8.V11.1936, H. G. Amsel; 19 ohne Abdomen von Sadali, Sardegna, 5.VII.1936, H. G. Amsel leg., 19

Ragusa, Dalmatien, 15.-30.1X.1930, Amsel leg. [Fehlbestimmung], coll. UMB.

Genitaluntersuchtes Material A. impunctella: 1S Italien, Sardinien, Prov. Nuoro, Gennargentu,

Arcu Tascussi 25.VII.1981 leg. et coll. Baldizzone; 30°, 49 Villanova Strisaili, 885 m, 19., 24.,VII, 1.,

7.V11.1983,27.V11.1984, leg. Kuchlein, coll. Kuchlein, Sutter; 19, gleiche Daten, aber 930 m, 24.V11.1984,

leg. Kuchlein, coll. Sutter; 19 Orgosolo, 1080 m, 30.VII.1984, leg. Kuchlein, coll. Sutter (Fig. 13); 29,

39 Prov. Cagliari, Domusnovas, Sa Duchessa, 350 m, 28., 30.VI., 2. VII.2004, (Figs. 6, 11, 15); 19, 29

Monte Arcosu bei Sa Canna, 22.-24.V1.2004; 20°, 19 gleiche Daten, aber 100 m, 22., 23.VI.2004 (Fig. 7);

4, 19 gleiche Daten, aber 150 m, 24.VI., 3.VIL.2004 (Figs. 18, 19); 29 Monte Arcosu bei Su Tragu, 27.,

29.V1.2004; 20°, 29 gleiche Daten, aber 130 m, 29.VI, 1.VI1.2004 (Figs. 4, 16, 17); 10°, 29 Monte Arcosu

bei Perdu Melis, 320 m, 25.VI., 3. VII.2004 (Fig. 12); 19, 19 Monte Arcosu bei Paddera 600 m, 26. VI.2004

(Fig. 3), leg. et coll. Baldizzone & Triberti. 19 Italien, Festland, Prov. Alessandria, Piemonte, Capanne

di Marcarolo, Gli Olmi, 758 m, 12.VII.2002, leg. et coll. Baldizzone; 10°, 19 Prov. Livorno, Antignano,

10 m, 26.V1.2004 (Figs. 20, 21), leg. et coll. Liska. 20°, 19 Frankreich, Korsika, St. Lucia di Porto

Vecchio, 19., 20.VI.1993, leg. et coll. Liska; 19, 19 Bastia-Poretta, Plage de Pineto, 12.VII.1993, leg.

50 m, 8.VII.1928, leg. Koschabek, coll. ZSM.

Abgebildetes Vergleichsmaterial von A. apolausticum: 19 Kroatien, Insel Krk, Risica, 0-50 m, 25.—

29.V1.2000 (Fig. 8), leg. LiSka, coll. Sutter. 1S Bulgarien, Nessebar, 11.-23.VIL.1959 (Fig. 22), leg.

Soffner, coll. DEI; 20 Pirin, Liljanowo, 1.-30.V1.1984 (Fig. 23) und 27.VI.—25.VII.1985 (Figs. 24, 25)

leg. Eichler, coll. ZSM. 19 Griechenland, Lakonia, 5 km südl. Monemvasia, 1.V1.1983 (Fig. 9), leg.

Christensen, coll. ZSM.

Nota lepid. 28 (3/4): 231-236 233

Lo SR. Sr %

Figs. 1-7, 10-14. Apatema impunctella Amsel, Falter, Genital @ und Signa. 1, 2, 5, 10. Lectotypus GU

5504 Jäckh, coll. UMB. 6. Sardinien, GU 7300 Sutter, coll. Baldizzone. 7. Sardinien, GU 7355 Sutter, coll.

Baldizzone. 3, 4, 11-13. Sardinien. 14. Korsika.

Figs. 8-9. Apatema apolausticum Gozmany, Genital 9. 8. Kroatien, GU 6479 Sutter, coll. Sutter. 9.

Griechenland, GU 6518 Sutter, coll. ZSM. (Maßstab: Genitale 0,3 mm, Signa 0,1 mm)

oben bis zu den Fühlerwurzeln braun mit hellen Unterschuppen, zwischen den Augen

weiß beschuppt. Von den Fühlern sind nur Reste vorhanden. Das Palpenmittelglied

ist außen weißlich und braun, das Endglied überwiegend schwarzbraun beschuppt.

Vorderflügel dunkelbraun mit weißer Zeichnung, die Hinterflügel graubraun.

234 SUTTER: Apatema impunctella Amsel, 1940, stat. rev.

7304 Sutter, coll. Baldizzone. 16, 17. Sardinien, GU 7308 Sutter, coll. Baldizzone. 18, 19. Sardinien, GU

7272 Sutter, coll. Triberti. 20, 21. Italien, Provinz Livorno, GU 7346 Sutter, coll. Liëka.

Figs. 22-25. Apatema apolausticum Gozmany, Detail des Phallus und Lamina. 22. Bulgarien, Nessebar,

GU 6442 Sutter, coll. DEI. 23. Bulgarien, Pirin-Geb., GU 7340 Sutter, coll. ZSM. 24, 25. Bulgarien, Pirin-

Geb., GU 7357 Sutter, coll. ZSM. (Maßstab: Genital 0,3 mm, Detail des Phallus und Lamina 0,1 mm)

Diagnose (Figs. 1-4). Vorderflügelspanne 8-11 mm (Durchschnitt S 9,7 mm, 9 9,3 mm).

Kopf oben meist fast bis zu den Fühlerwurzeln schwarzbraun und zwischen den

Augen weiß oder gelblichweiß. Palpen unregelmäßig dunkel beschuppt. Fühler im

Nota lepid. 28 (3/4): 231-236 235

heller geringelt oder ungeringelt; die Endglieder der Fühler nicht heller abgesetzt.

2. Thorakaltergit und Tegulae ausgedehnt weiß, auch gelblich weiß. Tergite I-IT hell

gelbocker, die folgenden grau, das Ende oft heller. Sternite medial heller grau, auch

ockerfarben aufgehellt. Vorderflügel schwarzbraun mit variabler, weißer Zeichnung,

besonders bei geflogenen Tieren auch gelblichweiß. Hinterflügel graubraun.

sklerotisiert. Im häutigen Teil der Vesica sind fleckartig große Cornuti angeordnet.

Diese sind relativ lang und dünn, meist in großer Anzahl (Figs. 18, 20), selten weniger

(Fig. 16). Das Ende der Vesica ist schräg und + gleichmäßig mit nadelförmigen

Cornuti besetzt. Der Ductus ejaculatorius ist anterior des Phallus in elliptischer Form

sklerotisiert (Figs. 17, 19, 21), eine Lamina im Sinne von Sattler (1979).

Genital 9 (Figs. 5-7). Ductus bursae zwischen Bursa und dem Abgang des Ductus

seminalis asymmetrisch und in der distalen Hälfte dieses Ductusteiles medial + deutlich

körnchenförmig strukturiert (Fig. 7). Der Ductus ist dorsal schwach konvex und lässt

sich meist gut verebnen. Unverebnet entsteht eine schräge Falte (Fig. 7). Die Querfalte

des Ductus vor dem Ostium ist für die Artunterscheidung ohne Aussage und in Figs.

5-7 verebnet. Signum der Bursa variabel (Figs. 11-14, Fig. 10 lateral).

Differentialdiagnose. Im Phallus von A. apolausticum (Figs. 22, 24) sind die großen

Cornuti der Vesica in einem langgezogenen Feld verstreut. Diese Cornuti sind kürzer

und basal breiter als bei A. impunctella, ihre Anzahl ist ebenfalls variabel. Im weiblichen

Genital von A. apolausticum ist der Ductus bursae zwischen der Bursa und dem Abgang

des Ductus seminalis im Durchschnitt breiter (Fig. 8) als bei A. impunctella (Fig. 6) und

+ körnchenförmig strukturiert (Fig. 9).

Verbreitung. Die Nachweise basieren auf Lichtfängen in Höhenlagen bis zu 1080 m

auf Sardinien und Korsika. Auf dem Festland wurde A. impunctella durch Männchen

nachgewiesen vom Esterelgebirge (St. Raphael), aus dem Piemont (Capanne di

Marcarolo, Gli Olmi) sowie aus der Provinz Livorno (Antignano).

Anmerkungen. In Amsels Veröffentlichung wird für die Funde von Aritzo Sacasa das

Funddatum fälschlich mit 21.-29.7.1930 angeführt, während auf den Fundortetiketten

das Jahr 1936 angegeben ist.

Der Syntypus von Ragusa (Dalmatien) ist eine Fehlbestimmung von A. apolausticum.

Danksagung

Mein besonderer Dank gilt den Herren Dr. Giorgio Baldizzone/Asti, Joop H. Kuchlein/Wageningen, Jan

LiSka/Praha und Dr. Paolo Triberti/Verona für die Ausleihe von umfangreichem Material und Herrn Dr.

Reinhard Gaedike/Bonn für seine Hilfe bei der Klärung nomenklatorischer Fragen und die Durchsicht des

Manuskriptes.

Literatur

Amsel, H. G. 1940. Ueber alte und neue Kleinschmetterlinge aus dem Mittelmeer-Gebiet.-

Veröffentlichungen des Deutschen Kolonial- und Übersee-Museums Bremen 3: 37-56.

Amsel, H. G. 1952. Two New Micro-Lepidoptera from Malta. — The Entomologist 85: 172-174.

236

SUTTER: Apatema impunctella Amsel, 1940, stat. rev.

Gozmany, L. A. 1977. The symmocid Moths (Lepidoptera) of Sardinia. — Acta Academiae Scientiarum

Hungaricae 23 (3-4): 293-297.

Gozmany, L. A. 1996. Four new symmocid Species from Europe (Lepidoptera, Symmocidae). — Bolletino

del Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino 14 (1): 259-266.

International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) 2000. Internationale Regeln für die Zoologische

Nomenklatur. 4. Auflage. Offizieller deutscher Text. Ausgearbeitet von Otto Kraus. — Abhandlungen

des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hamburg (NF) 34: 1-232.

Sattler, K. 1979. A taxonomic revision of the genus Deltophora Janse, 1950 (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae).

— Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology 38 (6): 263-322.

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