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NOTA LEPIDOPTEROLOGICA

A journal focussed on Palaearctic and General Lepidopterology

Published by the Societas Europaea Lepidopterologica e.V.

Editor. Jadranka Rota

Associate Editor. Paul Sokoloff

Editorial Board. Sven Erlacher (subject editor; Chemnitz, D), Thomas Fartmann (subject editor;

Münster, D), Zdenék F. Fric (subject editor; Ceské Budéjovice, CZ), Axel Hausmann (subject

editor; Munich, D), Peter Huemer (subject editor; Innsbruck, A), Lauri Kaila (subject editor;

Helsinki, FI), Ole Karsholt (Copenhagen, DK), Bernard Landry (subject editor; Genéve, CH),

Carlos Lopez-Vaamonde (subject editor; Orléans, F), Vazrick Nazari (subject editor: Ottawa,

CA), Erik J. van Nieukerken (subject editor; Leiden, NL), Matthias Nuss (Dresden, D), Laszlo

Ronkay (subject editor; Budapest, H), Thomas Schmitt (subject editor; Trier, D), Wolfgang Speidel

(Bonn, D).

ISSN 0342-7536

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NOTA LEPIDOPTEROLOGICA

Volume 35 No. 1 . Dresden, 25.04.2012 : ISSN 0342-7536

Nadranka Rota. Editorial ...:...0.ccscsccosseosa0ssescescespsncdeseecsvncecrsosesovsevenevdecesecesacescessaevevcsescoscnecesensveees 2

Juan L. Hernändez-Roldän, Juan C. Vicente & Miguel L. Munguira. Natural history,

immature stage morphology, and taxonomic status of the threatened skipper

Pyrgus cinarae (Rambur, 1839) in the Iberian Peninsula

MES Dit pie Fesperiidae)..nesnmechen nen die oser 3-18

Vladimir Mironov & Ulrich Ratzel. New species of Eupithecia Curtis

(Geometridae: Larentiinae) from Syria wo..:..2.ci.0sseecnrececcessesesevisangessdacesesseesedosnatareasess 19-26

Jacques Nel & Thierry Varenne. Description d’Apatetris (s. 1.) mediterranella sp.n.

du littoral méditerranéen de France et d’Italie (Gelechiidae, Gelechiinae,

PAUL Ss re don es D een oat eee tie nec Em nates 27-32

Kari Nupponen & Michael Fibiger. Additions to the checklist of Bombycoidea

and Noctuoidea of the Volgo-Ural region. Part II. (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae,

Brebidae Nolidae, Noctuidae) nassen nennen nennen 33-50

Roman V. Yakovlev. Checklist of Butterflies (Papilionoidea) of the Mongolian Altai

Mountains, including descriptions Of new taxa ....eeeeeeeenneeneeeessssnnnnnnnneseennnnennennnnnnnne 51-96

Boyan Zlatkov & Yuriy Budashkin. Taxonomic and distributional remarks on some

Palaearctic Cydia of the succedana-group with descriptions of two new species

WISH das Re laser ef 97-107

SO TEN N I NEE REES EEE O HOHER SAEFRSSETEEREUREIROUREBERENDEREERSEENEERENERSERREN 108

? Editorial

Editorial

In May of 2011, following the SEL congress in Luxembourg, I accepted the position of editor-in-

chief of Nota lepidopterologica. Matthias Nuss, who had been the editor for 11 years, first with

Konrad Fiedler as a co-editor from 2000 to 2003 and then with Bernard Landry since the end of

2006, transferred the journal into my hands. Matthias and Konrad shepherded Nota into the 21“

century by bringing it into conformance with contemporary scientific journals through the use of

peer-review and by modernizing its layout. Matthias and Bernard have continued this process by

maintaining a high academic standard for the acceptance of submitted manuscripts. I will endeav-

our to follow their lead. Matthias and Bernard will continue their involvement with the production

of Nota at many levels, as pyraloid and German and French manuscripts editors, respectively, and

as editorial board members. Their long experience with Nota and their willingness to help has

been invaluable during my first year as editor-in-chief.

Based on the experiences of Matthias and Bernard, it has become clear that the workload for one or

two editors is much too large, especially as being an editor is entirely voluntary. Thus, after discus-

sion among the editorial board members, we have implemented a strategy by which Nora is rely-

ing on a number of subject editors. The subject editors will be responsible for editing manuscripts

related to their specific areas of research. The subject editors include Sven Erlacher (Germany;

Geometroidea), Thomas Fartmann (Germany; ecology and conservation of butterflies and burnet

moths), Zdenék Faltynek Fric (Czech Republic; Papilionoidea), Axel Hausmann (Germany; Geo-

metroidea and DNA barcoding), Peter Huemer (Austria; Alpine Lepidoptera and Gelechiidae,

especially western Palaearctic), Lauri Kaila (Finland; non-butterfly taxonomy, systematics, and

morphology), Bernard Landry (Switzerland; Pyraloidea, Alucitidae, and Pterophoridae), Carlos

Lopez-Vaamonde (France; coevolution, DNA barcoding, Gracillaroidea, invasion biology, mole-

cular phylogenetics, and phylogeography), Vazrick Nazari (Canada; DNA barcoding and phylo-

genetics), Erik J. van Nieukerken (the Netherlands; Nepticuloidea, Adeloidea (Incurvarioidea),

leafminers in general, and DNA barcoding), Laszlo Ronkay (Hungary; Noctuoidea), Jadranka

Rota (Denmark; morphology and systematics of basal Lepidoptera, Choreutidae, Cossoidea,

Sesioidea, and other microlepidoptera), and Thomas Schmitt (Germany; butterfly ecology, bioge-

ography, and population genetics). Paul Sokoloff will continue his work on Nota as an associate

editor in charge of maintaining the high English language standards for all manuscripts in English.

We hope this strategy of “divide and conquer” will lead to more timely processing of manuscripts

and will further increase their scholarly standards.

At the same time, some of the long-time members of the editorial board resigned. After his long

involvement with the journal, Roger Dennis has decided to retire from his formal association with

Nota. Roger has been a member of the SEL since the founding of the society and has helped shape

the journal over the past two decades serving various roles on the editorial board since 1995.

I would like to thank Roger for his efforts over the years.

Together with the new editorial team, I will do my best to continue improving the journal and

to maintain a dependable publication schedule. All of our future authors can help us by closely

following the new directions for submission of manuscripts posted online on the SEL website.

Thanks to a number of authors, we have many interesting submissions in this issue. I hope you en-

joy reading from the following pages about the status of Pyrgus cinarae in the Iberian Peninsula,

new species of Eupithecia from Syria and Apatetris from the Mediterranean, Bombycoidea and

Noctuoidea of the Volgo-Ural region, butterflies of the Mongolian Altai, as well as Palaearctic

Cydia.

JADRANKA ROTA

Nota lepi. 35(1): 3-18 3

Natural history, immature stage morphology, and taxonomic

status of the threatened skipper Pyrgus cinarae (Rambur, 1839)

in the Iberian Peninsula (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae)

JUAN L. HERNANDEZ-ROLDAN!, JUAN C. VICENTE? & MIGUEL L. MUNGUIRA!

! Departamento de Biologia (Zoologia), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid,

C/ Darwin, 2, ES-28049 Madrid, Spain; hernandez.roldan@gmail.com; munguira@uam.es

> C/ Witerico, 9A, Bajo B, ES-28025 Madrid, Spain; fotobichos@yahoo.es

Received 24 October 2011; reviews returned 23 November 2011; accepted 11 January 2012.

Subject Editor: Thomas Fartmann.

Abstract. New data on the ecology and natural history of the rare skipper Pyrgus cinarae (Rambur,

1839) in the Iberian Peninsula are presented and the habitats of its populations in Central Spain are de-

scribed. Filipendula vulgaris Moench (Rosaceae) 1s the larval foodplant in the Serrania de Cuenca (Iberian

Mountain System), while in the Sierra de Avila (Central Mountain System) the larva feeds on Æ vulgaris

and Potentilla recta L. (Rosaceae). We report Dolichogenidea sicarius (Marshall, 1885) (Hymenoptera:

Braconidae: Microgastrinae) as a larval parasitoid. Details of the egg, the last instar larva, and the pupa

are shown in scanning electron micrographs. The egg has particularly high radial ribs, the last instar larva

has setae with crowned or pointed tips and barrel-like cuticular formations, and the pupa has hairy mesot-

horacic tubercles. Differences with respect to immature stages of Pyrgus cacaliae (Rambur, 1839) are dis-

cussed; the types of larval head capsule setae and the shape of pupal mesothoracic tubercles are of special

taxonomic value. In the light of morphological and genetic data we conclude that the recently discovered

population from Sierra de Avila can be ascribed to subspecies clorinda (Warren, 1927), due to genetic and

morphological similarity to the Serrania de Cuenca populations. The main threats to its populations are

overgrazing or the abandonment of agricultural practices. Finally, we discuss the conservation status of the

species in the study area.

Resumen. Presentamos nuevos datos sobre la biologia y la ecologia del raro hespérido Pyrgus cinarae

(Rambur, 1839) en la Peninsula Ibérica y describimos los habitats de sus poblaciones en el centro de

España. Filipendula vulgaris Moench (Rosaceae) es la planta huésped en las poblaciones de la Serrania de

Cuenca (Sistema ibérico) y en la Sierra de Avila (Sistema Central) utiliza Æ vulgaris y Potentilla recta L.

(Rosaceae). Las larvas son atacadas por el parasitoide Dolichogenidea sicarius (Marshall, 1885) (Hyme-

noptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae). Mostramos y describimos los detalles morfolögicos del huevo, la

larva de ultima edad y la pupa, obtenidos con microscopio electronico de barrido. El huevo tiene costillas

radiales particularmente altas, la larva de ultima edad tiene sedas con extremos coronados o puntiagudos

y formaciones cuticulares en forma de tonel, y la pupa tiene tubérculos mesotoracicos peludos. Se dis-

cuten las diferencias con los estados inmaduros de Pyrgus cacaliae (Rambur, 1839); los tipos de sedas de

la cäpsula cefälica de las larvas y la forma de los tubérculos mesotoräcicos de las pupas son de especial

valor taxonömico. Concluimos que la poblacion recientemente descubierta en la Sierra de Avila puede

adscribirse a la subespecie clorinda (Warren, 1927), debido a la similitud morfolögica y genética con las

poblaciones de la Serrania de Cuenca. Las principales amenazas de estas poblaciones son el sobrepastoreo

o el abandono de las präcticas agricolas. Finalmente, discutimos el estatus de conservaciön de la especie

en la zona de estudio.

Introduction

The distribution of Pyrgus cinarae (Rambur, 1839) reaches into Central Asia but in

Europe is limited to the Iberian and Balkan Peninsulas showing a clearly disjunct pat-

tern (Hernandez-Roldan et al. 2011a). In the Iberian Peninsula it is found in small and

Nota lepidopterologica, 25.04.2012, ISSN 0342-7536

4 HERNANDEZ-ROLDAN et al.: Pyrgus cinarae in the Iberian Peninsula

isolated populations and is considered one of the rarest butterflies (Hernandez-Roldan

& Vicente 2010). The extremely localized Iberian populations are found in Central

Spain, more precisely in the Iberian Mountain System (Serrania de Cuenca and Sierra de

Albarracin) (Chapman 1901; Querci 1932; Gömez-Bustillo & Fernändez-Rubio 1974;

Fernandez-Rubio 1981; Redondo 1990; Arce et al. 2006; Hernandez-Roldan & Vicente

2010), where subspecies clorinda (Warren, 1927) was described, and in the Central

Mountain System (Sierra de Avila) where it has recently been discovered (Hernändez-

Roldan & Vicente 2010; Vicente & Parra 2010). The latter population is separated by

ca. 300 km from the nearest populations in the Iberian Mountain System.

Given the geographical position, it is also doubtful whether the new populations

could be assigned to subspecies clorinda or they represent a new subspecies. The

Iberian populations are separated by ca. 1800 km from their nearest conspecifics living

in the Balkan Peninsula (Greece, Macedonia, and Bulgaria). The species is also re-

corded from Ukraine, Turkey, Armenia, and from southern Russia to Turkistan (Tolman

& Lewington 1997; Gorbunov 2001; Kudrna 2002; Gorbunov & Kosterin 2003). The

Iberian P. cinarae have been found to be sister populations to those existing outside of

Iberia, from which they are genetically well diverged (2.6%, Hernandez-Roldan et al.

2011a). They appear to have been isolated for around one million years, being consid-

ered by Hernandez-Roldan et al. (2011a) an independent evolutionary lineage.

The species’ life history has been recently described and immature stages figured

by Wagner (2009), using material from Greece. The larva feeds on Potentilla recta

(Wagner 2009) or P. hirta (Wagner pers. com.) and females lay their eggs on the fruits.

Winter is spent as a first instar larva inside the egg and emergence takes place during

the following March. The larva feeds on the leaves until full size ıs reached and pupa-

tion takes place at the end of May, with the pupal stage lasting for around three weeks.

A detailed morphological study of the eggs, larvae and pupae has not been previously

undertaken for this species.

At European level, the conservation status of Pyrgus cinarae has been considered as

least concern (LC) following IUCN criteria (Van Sway et al. 2010). In Spain, as there

are relatively few populations, the species has been considered vulnerable (Hernandez-

Roldan et al. 2011c) using criteria Blac(iii) (IUCN 2001). The populations from

Castilla-La Mancha Region (Serrania de Cuenca) have been listed under the category

“interés especial” (special interest, DOCM 2006). Moreover, most of the populations in

the Iberian Mountain System live within the Serrania de Cuenca Natural Park and are

therefore legally protected.

The objective of the present paper is to describe the life cycle and the morphological

details of the egg, last instar larva and pupa of Pyrgus cinarae in the Iberian Peninsula.

The morphological study is based on scanning electron micrographs. We also discuss

the taxonomic status of the new populations found in the Central Mountain System and

evaluate the threats and conservation status of the species in the study area.

Abbreviations

MNCN: Natural History Museum, Madrid, Spain

J. L. H.-R.: Personal collection of Juan L. Hernändez-Roldan

Nota lepi. 35 (1): 3-18 5

Material and Methods

Sample collecting and rearing experiments

Three populations were studied ın Central Spain during the years 2010 and 2011, two

of them located in Serrania de Cuenca (Huélamo and Carrascosa, Iberian Mountain

System) and one in Sierra de Avila (Central Mountain System). Eggs were collected by

following females in the field until oviposition took place and then searching for them

on the plant. Larvae were collected on the foodplants. Rearing was done from field-

collected eggs and larvae, under laboratory conditions, with the weather parameters

different from the natural habitat (higher temperature and lower altitude and relative

humidity). Larvae were fed using the same species of plants on which they were col-

lected. The adults used in this study were reared from eggs or larvae or were studied in

the collections of the authors or in the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (Natural

History Museum, Madrid, Spain -— MNCN).

Scanning electron micrographs

Images used to study the morphology of the egg, last instar larvae, and pupae were

obtained using a Hitachi S-3000N scanning electron microscope, with an acceleration

voltage of 20 kV. Dried samples were used in the case of the egg and pupa. The eggs

were killed with ethyl acetate when the larva was already formed inside the egg to pre-

vent the collapsing of the egg when dried. For the study of pupae, exuviae were used

after the adult emergence. Larvae were preserved in 70% ethanol and then fixed with

1.5% formaldehyde. For larval dehydration a series of increasing concentrations of eth-

anol was used up to absolute ethanol, ending with critical-point drying using Emitech

K850. Samples were then coated with a 10 nm layer of gold using an Au-Cr Quorum

ISOTS sputter. The microscope and the rest of the used equipment are located in the

Servicio Interdepartamental de Investigacion (SIDI) of the Universidad Autonoma de

Madrid. A scale bar was added to all obtained images. Egg measurements were per-

formed directly on the images using ImageJ.1.43 software (Ferreira & Rasband 2010).

Results

Studied Material

Pyrgus cinarae clorinda (Warren, 1927)

Material. Spain: Syntype 9, Valdecabras, Serrania de Cuenca (Cuenca), 1200 m, 25.v11.1926, leg. O.

Querci & C. Querci (MNCN); Syntype ©, Huélamo, Serrania de Cuenca (Cuenca), 1200 m, 28.vii.1926,

leg. ©. Querci & C. Querci (MNCN); ©’, Huélamo, Serrania de Cuenca (Cuenca), 1200 m, 28.vii.1926,

leg. ©. Querci & C. Querci (MNCN); ©, Serrania de Cuenca (Cuenca), 1200 m, 22.vii.1933 leg. O.

Querci & C. Querci (MNCN); ©, Huélamo, Serrania de Cuenca (Cuenca), 1237 m, 29.vii.2007, leg. et

coll. J. L. H.-R.; 9, Carrascosa, Serrania de Cuenca (Cuenca), 1300 m, 28.vii.2009, leg. et coll. J. L.

H.-R.; ©, Carrascosa, Serrania de Cuenca (Cuenca), 1300 m, 24.vii. 2010, leg. et coll. Ie eR 20

Sierra de Avila (Avila), 1350 m, 31.vii.2010, leg. et coll. J. L. H.-R.; 2 9, Sierra de Avila (Avila), 1350

m, 2.v111.2010, 10.v111.2010, leg. J. L. H.-R. & J.C. Vicente CET -R.): ca. 20 eggs on Potentilla recta

6 HERNANDEZ-ROLDAN ef al.: Pyrgus cinarae in the Iberian Peninsula

Figs 1-5. Habitats and foodplants of Pyrgus cinarae clorinda in the Iberian Peninsula. 1. Habitat in

Huélamo, Serrania de Cuenca (Spain, August 2011). 2. Habitat in Sierra de Avila (Spain, August 2011).

3. Flowerhead of Filipendula vulgaris (June 2011). 4. F. vulgaris in the flowering season (June 2011).

5. Potentilla recta in flower (June 2011).

and Filipendula vulgaris, Sierra de Avila (Avila), 1350 m, 10.v111.2010, 16.x.2010, 26.11.2011, em. ©,

20.v1.2011, 9, 15.v1.2011, leg. J. L. H.-R. & J.C. V. (J. L. H.-R.); 10 larvae on P. recta and F vulgaris,

Sierra de Avila (Avila), 1350 m, 4.vi.2011, em. 2 ©, 3.v11.2011, 4.v11.2011,2 ©, 4.vil.2011, 8.vii.2011, leg.

J. L. H.-R. & J.C. V. (J. L. H.-R.); 2 eggs on Æ vulgaris, Carrascosa, Serrania de Cuenca (Cuenca), 1300

m, 22.v11.2011, leg. J. L. H.-R.; 1 egg on F! vulgaris, Huélamo, Serrania de Cuenca (Cuenca), 1237 m,

13.v1i1.2011, leg. J. L. H.-R.

Pyrgus cinarae cinarae (Rambur, 1839)

Material. Armenia: ©, 150 km SE Yerevan, Yaghegnadzor suburbs (Aiotzdzorsky range), 1800 m,

26.v11.2007, leg. Y. Shevnin (J. L. H.-R.); 9, 10 km to E from Yerevan, Voghdjaberd village, 1500 m,

23.v11.2009, leg. V. Hambartzumian (J. L. H.-R.).

Dolichogenidea sicarius (Marshall, 1885) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae)

Material. Spain: 2 ©, Sierra de Avila, 1350 m, ex P cinarae clorinda 4.vi.2011, em. 16.vi.2011, 22.vi.

2011, leg. J. L.H.-R. & J.C. V., det. Mi, Shaw (J... HR.)

Habitats and natural history in the Iberian Peninsula

Habitats of P cinarae in the Iberian Peninsula are located at altitudes ranging from

1100 to 1500 m and consist of xeromesophilous grasslands with extensive livestock

management, in the supramediterranean bioclimatic stage (Figs 1, 2). The populations

in the Serrania de Cuenca (Iberian Mountain System) belong to the Central Iberian

Mediterranean botanical biogeographical region and the population from the Sierra de

Avila to the Occidental Iberian Mediterranean region (Rivas Martinez 1987). The pop-

ulations in the Serrania de Cuenca are found in the calcicole Portuguese oak (Quejigo)

forest vegetation communities: Huélamo in the phytosociological association Violo

willkommii-Quercetum fagineae (Braun-Blanquet & Bolös 1950) and Carrascosa in

the association Cephalanthero longifoliae-Quercetum fagineae (Rivas Goday 1959).

The population in the Sierra de Avila lives in silicicole Pyrenean oak (Melojo) forests,

in the association Luzulo forsteri-Quercetum pyrenaicae (Rivas Martinez 1962).

Nota lepi. 35 (1): 3-18 7

The foodplant in the Serrania de Cuenca is Filipendula vulgaris Moench (Rosaceae)

(Figs 3, 4) in the two studied localities and in the Sierra de Avila the species uses F.

vulgaris and Potentilla recta L. (Rosaceae) (Fig. 5). Females lay their eggs one by

one on the dried fruits of P recta (heads of achenes) or F! vulgaris (polyachenes) (Figs

6, 7). After four or five days the larvae are already developed but remain inside the

eggshell, where they overwinter. In the following spring they hatch during the months

of March and April (Fig. 8). Larvae feed on the leaves of their foodplants (Fig. 9) and

build shelters to protect themselves against predators and parasitoids (Figs 10, 11).

These shelters are built by joining leaves of the plant with silk threads produced by

the larval silk glands. The third instar larvae are attacked in the Sierra de Avila by

the solitary endoparasitoid Dolichogenidea sicarius (Marshall, 1885) (Hymenoptera:

Braconidae: Microgastrinae) (Figs 12, 13). At the end of June or in July larvae reach

their maximum development and pupate inside a shelter made with leaves of the plant

or near it (Figs 14, 15). The pupal phase (Figs 16, 17) lasts for around three weeks,

after which the adults emerge during July and August (Figs 18-21).

Immature stage morphology

Egg (Figs 6, 7, 22-29)

The egg is whitish after being laid and subsequently turns to a pale orange colour in one

or two days. Its form is spherical with hollows in the base and annular areas. The diam-

eter is 0.86+0.03 mm (n=5) and its height 0.64+0.02 mm (n=4). The chorion surface

is perforated by pores (Figs 24, 25) and the egg is covered by radial and transversal ribs

that form cells, usually of rectangular shape (Figs 24, 25). When the radial ribs meet

in the annular area the cells have a pentagonal form (Fig. 23). Aeropyles (respiratory

openings of the egg) are found in the junctions of radial and transverse ribs (Figs 24,

25). In the equator of the egg the number of radial ribs is 22—24 (n=5, Fig. 26). The ra-

dial ribs are much higher (32+2 um, n=5) than the transverse ribs (Fig. 24). In the an-

nular area of the egg, the micropylar rosette has seven to nine (n=5) polygonal petaloid

cells (Fig. 28). Surrounding the micropylar rosette there are three to four series of cells,

so that the total number of cells in this area is 49 to 53 (n=5, Fig. 27). The micropylar

depression is pentagonal and three to five (n=5) micropylar openings are found in the

angles (Fig. 29), although the most usual number is five.

Last instar larva (Figs 14, 15, 30-37)

The surface of the head capsule displays a reticular pattern and is covered by a large

number of thin setae of different lengths, with smooth surface and a toothed crown

on their tip (Fig. 31). The collar is placed after the head capsule (Fig. 30) and has

a smooth cuticle and setae of different lengths. In the rest of the body segments the

cuticle is armoured by star shaped formations (Fig. 34). The first thoracic segment

has one trichobotrium on each side (Fig. 33). Each segment of the thorax, the abdo-

men and the collar has a couple of special barrel-like cuticular formations (Fig. 35).

These formations were first described by Hernandez-Roldan et al. (2011b) in Pyrgus

8 HERNANDEZ-ROLDAN et al.: Pyrgus cinarae in the Iberian Peninsula

Figs 6-13. Life cycle of Pyrgus cinarae clorinda in the Sierra de Avila (Spain). 6. Egg on a Potentilla recta

head of achenes in August 2010. 7. Egg on a Filipendula vulgaris polyachene in August 2010. 8. Recently

emerged first instar larva on a fruit head of P recta (note the chorion remains of the egg) (March 2011).

9. Third instar larva feeding on F! vulgaris. 10., 11. Shelter of a larva made with the leaves of P. recta and

F: vulgaris, respectively. 12. Cocoon of the parasitoid Dolichogenidea sicarius (Hymenoptera), with the

remains of a third instar larva of Pyrgus cinarae on Potentilla recta. 13. Adult of Dolichogenidea sicarius

reared from Pyrgus cinarae clorinda (Figs 9—13 taken in June 2011).

Nota lepi. 35(1): 3-18 9

cacaliae (Rambur, 1839). In addition, the dorsal and subdorsal areas of each segment

bear thin and short setae with a crowned tip and a lower number of long and thin setae

with pointed tips. The setae of the latter type are more abundant in the subdorsal area

(Fig. 33). Both crowned and pointed setae have a rounded base. Spiracles are placed

between the subdorsal and lateral zones on the third thoracic and on the abdominal

segments (Fig. 36). The inner part of the spiracles has prominent papillae with spiny

branches. The anal plate (Fig. 37), which is placed on the last abdominal segment, is

smoother than the rest of the cuticle and has a large number of crown-tipped setae of

different lengths.

Pupa (Figs 16, 17, 38-45)

The pupa is bullet shaped, with a smooth cuticle of dark grey or black colour. It is exter-

nally covered by wax giving the pupa a characteristic pruinose appearance and a light

grey colour (Figs 16, 17). It has mesothoracic tubercles on each side of the anterior

border of the mesothorax (Fig. 38). The external wall of the tubercles is undulated (Fig.

39) and the tubercle itself has a dense cover of hairs (Figs 39, 40). The pretubercular

chamber has short hairs in the area that is close to the tubercle and spines in the area

that is far from it (Fig. 40). The pupal cuticle has scattered long setae with a rounded

base that are denser on the dorsal and lateral areas of the abdomen (Figs 38, 43). On

each segment of the subdorsal zone of the abdomen there are spiracles (Fig. 41) that

are filled with spiny-branched papillae (Fig. 42). The last abdominal segment bears the

cremaster (Figs 43, 44), which is formed by around 30 setae with coiled helicoid tips.

These setae keep the pupae fixed to the substrate by means of the silken threads spinned

by the larvae (Fig. 45).

Adult external morphology

Males from the recently discovered population in the Sierra de Avila (Figs 46—49)

have a shiny yellow ochre colour and veins clearly visible and lined in pale yellow

on the hindwing underside. The males from the Serrania de Cuenca display the same

pattern (Figs 50-53). Females from the Sierra de Avila (Figs 54-56) are similar,

as far as these characters are concerned, to those from the Serrania de Cuenca (Figs

57—59). Nevertheless, females show a greater variability than males in both popula-

tions. Subspecies clorinda could be separated from oriental samples belonging to the

nominal subspecies (Figs 60, 61) mainly because in the latter the hindwing underside

shows a “very dull ochre” colour (Warren 1927).

Discussion

Habitat and natural history

The life cycle of Pyrgus cinarae is similar in the Iberian Peninsula and Greece (Wagner

2009). It shows specific and infrequent ecological adaptations: it is the only European

HERNANDEZ-ROLDAN et al.: Pyrgus cinarae in the Iberian Peninsula

Figs 14— 21. Pyrgus cinarae clorinda: life cycle in Sierra de Avila (Spain). 14. Dorsal view of the last in-

star larva on Potentilla recta (June 2011). 15. Lateral view of last instar larva on Filipendula vulgaris (June

2011). 16., 17. Dorsal and lateral views of the pupa on LP recta (July 2011). 18., 19. Dorsal views of adult

male and female in August 2010. 20., 21. Lateral view of adult male and female in August 2010.

Nota lepi. 35 (1): 3-18 1]

Pyrgus whose females lay eggs on the fruits and one of only three species, together

with P. carlinae (Rambur, 1839) and P. cirsii (Rambur, 1839), that overwinter as a larva

inside the eggshell. The similar life history traits of Iberian and oriental populations

support the hypothesis that, although they have been isolated for around a million years

(Hernandez-Roldan et al. 2011a), no evidence for the establishment of potential barri-

ers to gene flow (other than geographic) exist that could indicate speciation according

to the biological species concept.

In Greece, the habitat of the species consists of grasslands that are extensively

grazed by sheep and goats. Here the species could be possibly threatened by overgraz-

ing or by the abandonment of extensive grazing (Wagner 2009). The Iberian popula-

tions are extremely localized and seem to occupy a narrower ecological niche than the

oriental populations (Hernändez-Roldän et al. 2011a). In the Serrania de Cuenca the

grasslands with Filipendula vulgaris that could be favourable for the species are rare

(Lopez 1978). This fact, together with the false idea that the habitat for the species

consisted of “extremely arid areas, devoid of vegetation” and that the larval foodplants

were “herbaceous Poaceae” (Gömez-Bustillo & Fernandez-Rubio 1974; Viedma &

Gomez-Bustillo 1985), could have been the cause of the few records of the species.

This contrasts with the fact that, at the beginning of the 20" century, Orazio Querci

and his wife were able to collect almost a hundred individuals in the area (Warren

1927; Querci 1932). It is therefore possible that new sampling performed on the basis

of our recent knowledge of life history traits, together with the information provided

by ecological niche modelling based on environmental variables (Romo et al. 2006;

Hernandez-Roldan et al. 2011a), could lead to the discovery of new populations that

will improve our knowledge of the species distribution.

Taxonomic value of immature stage morphology

When comparing the morphological characters of the immature stages of P. cinarae

(see results) with those of P cacaliae described by Hernandez-Roldan et al. (2011b),

we have detected some differences. The eggs of P. cinarae are larger than those of P.

cacaliae (0.86 mm vs. 0.79 mm) and the radial ribs taller (32 um vs. 4 um). Moreover,

the cells in the micropylar area have lower numbers in this species (49-53) when

compared with P. cacaliae (59-62). Larvae of P cinarae have crown-tipped setae on

the head capsule and branched spiracular papillae, while in P cacaliae the setae on

the head capsule have pointed tips and the spiracular papillae are not branched. Pupal

differences consist of the undulated external wall and the hairy surface of the mes-

othoracic tubercles, pretubercular chamber with hairs and spines and spiracles with

branched papillae in P cinarae; in P cacaliae the mesothoracic tubercles have smooth

walls and lack hairs, the pretubercular chamber has only spines and the spiracles have

unbranched papillae. It is therefore evident that the immature stages of P. cinarae

have different characters to those of P cacaliae described in Hernandez-Roldan et al.

(2011b). This fact supports the use of traits of the egg, larva and pupa for taxonomical

purposes and opens the possibility of using them as tools to infer phylogenetic relation-

ships in the genus Pyrgus.

HERNANDEZ-ROLDAN et al.: Pyrgus cinarae in the Iberian Peninsula

AB:

ÄWD257 7m“ 20: OkV

8 _ MB

P. cinarae

D... Gee

; | 23% x2.3k 20um A D einsese

Figs 22-29. Scanning electron micrographs of the egg of Pyrgus cinarae clorinda (Sierra de Avila,

Spain). 22. Lateral view. 23. Lateral view of the annular area with micropylar rosette in the middle. 24.

Detail of the radial ribs. 25. Cells of the egg equator formed by radial and transversal ribs. 26. View of

the annular pole. 27. Annular area with the micropylar rosette. 28., 29. Micropylar rosette and micropyle

showing the micropylar openings.

Nota lepi. 35(1): 3-18 ko

BSE2p cinarae

es a se © ep oo 0

P::.cinarae

WD11.0mm 20.0kV x470 100um " BSE2 > ij | 5. V x70 500um

+ cinarae ;

Figs 30-37. Scanning electron micrographs of the last instar larva of Pyrgus cinarae clorinda (Sierra de

Avila, Spain). 30. Head capsule and collar. 31. Detail of the head capsule setae and sculpture. 32. Cuticular

formations on thoracic and abdominal segments. 33. Detail with different types of subdorsal and lateral se-

tae on the first thoracic segment: large pointed-tip setae, short setae with crowned tips and a trichobotrium.

34. Cuticular formations on an abdominal segment. 35. Detail of a barrel-like formation and the cuticular

sculpture. 36. Last abdominal spiracle. 37. Last abdominal segments with the anal plate and setae with

pointed and crowned tips, both with rounded bases.

HERNANDEZ-ROLDAN et al.: Pyrgus cinarae in the Iberian Peninsula

ee.

er‘

. Cinaraeg

5 PER re

ARE ES

P. cinarae

BSE2 p :

. cinarae

Figs 38-45. Scanning electron micrographs of the pupa of Pyrgus cinarae clorinda (Sierra de Avila,

Spain). 38. Head and mesothorax with mesothoracic tubercles and long setae. 39. Lateral view of the mes-

othoracic tubercle. 40. Frontal view ofthe mesothoracic tubercle. 41. Abdominal spiracle. 42. Detail ofthe

papillae inside the spiracle. 43. Ventral view of the last abdominal segments. 44. Detail of the cremaster

and 45. the tips of cremaster setae.

Nota lepi. 35 (1): 3-18 15

Taxonomic status of the new population in Avila

The subspecies clorinda was described based on specimens collected in the Serrania de

Cuenca. Warren (1927) pointed out differences in the external morphology of the adult:

“The characteristics which distinguish this race from the type (eastern form) are: the

bright yellow ground colour of the underside of the hindwings (invariably a very dull

ochre in eastern European, or Asiatic specimens) and the clearly visible nervures of the

same, outlined in a light yellow and in consequence contrasting sharply with the ground

colour. The bright shade of the ground colour also suffuses the costa and apex of the

forewings underside. On the upperside the light marking of the hindwings are slightly

buff, or cream in the male, and of a deep, almost ochre shade in the female.” As has

been stated above, specimens from Avila and Cuenca are indistinguishable regarding

the adult external morphology. This is also true as far as the morphology of the male

genitalia is concerned (Fernandez-Rubio 1981; Hernandez-Roldan & Vicente 2010).

Moreover, the specimens from the Sierra de Avila and Serrania de Cuenca have identi-

cal mitochondrial DNA haplotypes (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, COI). This con-

trasts with the high divergence (2.6%) found between the Iberian and oriental popula-

tions detected for the same gene (Hernandez-Roldan et al. 201 1a). In conclusion, since

the populations in Avila and Cuenca are genetically and morphologically similar, the

recently discovered population in Sierra de Avila should be considered as belonging to

subspecies clorinda (Warren, 1927).

Conservation

Detected threats to the populations of P. cinarae in the Iberian Peninsula include habitat

destruction, habitat quality loss, agriculture, and overgrazing, as well as afforestation

(Hernandez-Roldan & Vicente 2010; Hernandez-Roldan et al. 201 1c). In the Cuenca

area, there is a threat of overgrazing by horses in the population of Huélamo, and this is

probably the reason why this population has very low numbers of individuals. Grazing

by sheep takes place in the habitat of the Carrascosa population. The habitat in the

Sierra de Avila is managed by extensive grazing and is used as hay meadow area. These

practices could pose a serious threat for the future survival of the species if manage-

ment is intensified. Regarding intrinsic threatening factors, the Iberian populations of

P. cinarae have been historically on the brink of extinction due to a genetic bottleneck

that caused a drastic decline in population numbers, followed by a later expansion. This

has resulted in an extremely low genetic variability (Hernandez-Roldan et al. 201 1a)

that, coupled with the remarkably restricted range and a very narrow ecological niche

of its populations, suggests that this subspecies is prone to extinction. Even if clorinda

does not represent a different species, the unique genetic pool that it represents makes

protection efforts for this taxon advisable.

The species has been considered under the category “vulnerable” in the Spanish

Red List of Invertebrates (Hernandez-Roldan et al. 2011c), based on geographical cri-

teria (B criteria, IUCN 2001). In this case it was not possible to rely on population

abundance or trends to analyse the species’ status (criteria A, C, D or E, IUCN 2001),

the Iberian Peninsula

' ROLDAN et al.: Pyrgus cinarae

ANDEZ-

HERN

Nota lepi. 35 (1): 3-18 7

because these data were not available in the study area. We therefore recommend

carrying out population studies like those performed for other rare Iberian skippers

(Hernandez-Roldan et al. 2009). Such studies would provide a more accurate evalu-

ation of the status of this species and allow sound recommendations for conservation

management.

Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Esperanza Salvador and Enrique Rodriguez (Laboratory SEM-EDX, SIDI from the

Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Spain) for helping to obtain the scanning electron micrographs.

Beatriz Parra (Madrid, Spain) helped with fieldwork and image editing. Mark Shaw (National Museum

of Scotland, Edinburgh, UK) kindly identified the parasitoids. Wolfgang Wagner (Schwäbisch Gmünd,

Germany) made valuable comments on the natural history of Pyrgus cinarae in Greece. We also thank

Roger Vila (Institut de Biologia Evolutiva, CSIC-UPF, Barcelona, Spain) for his interesting ideas, Enrique

Garcia-Barros (Universidad Autonoma, Madrid, Spain) for his help with bibliography compilation and

Vlad Dinca (IBE, CSIC-UPF, Barcelona) for his comments and help with the English version of the manu-

script. Mercedes Paris (Curator of the Entomology Collection in the Natural History Museum, Madrid)

made possible the study of Pyrgus cinarae specimens in the MNCN collection and the Director of the

Museum allowed photographic reproduction of the specimens. Part of the fieldwork was financed by the

Diputaciön de Avila and scanning electron micrographs by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaciön

(project CGL2004-04680-c10-08/BOS). The Direcciön General del Medio Natural from the Castilla y

Leon Region and the Director of the Parque Natural Serrania de Cuenca kindly gave permission to collect

samples for scientific purposes.

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Nota lepi. 35(1): 19-26 19

New species of Eupithecia Curtis (Geometridae: Larentiinae)

from Syria

VLADIMIR Mironov! & ULRICH RATZEL ?

' Zoological Institute of RAS, Universitetskaya nab. 1, RU-199034, Saint Petersburg, Russia;

pugs@zin.ru

? Neureuter Hauptstraße 48A, D-76149 Karlsruhe, Germany; wild.ratzel@t-online.de

Received 26 October 2011; reviews returned 4 January 2012; accepted 28 February 2012.

Subject Editor: Sven Erlacher.

Abstract. One new species of Eupithecia from the “venosata” group is described from Syria: E. weigti

sp. n. Five other species of the genus are mentioned as new to the Syrian fauna: E. achyrdaghica Wehrli,

1929, E. ericeata (Rambur, 1833), E. reisserata Pinker, 1976, E. scalptata Christoph, 1885, and E. vario-

strigata Alphéraky, 1876.

Introduction

The “venosata” species-group was first suggested by Dietze (1913) in his classic fo-

lio “Biologie der Eupithecien”. He had included six allied Palaearctic species in this

group: E. carpophagata Staudinger, 1871, E. venosata (Fabricius, 1787), E. schiefereri

Bohatsch, 1893, E. hilariata Dietze, 1908, E. silenicolata Mabille, 1867, and E. alliaria

Staudinger, 1870. However, this species-group was later revised in detail by Schütze

(1960). He described this group as subgenus Bohatschia Schiitze and included within it

14 species of Eupithecia.

The “venosata“ group is one of the most species rich in the genus Eupithecia, espe-

cially in the Mid-East, Transcaucasus and Irano-Afghanian Region of the Old World.

This group is represented in this large area by at least the following 16 species: E. veno-

sata (Fabricius, 1787), E. silenicolata Mabille, 1867, E. alliaria Staudinger, 1870, E. de-

metata Christoph, 1885, E. stigmaticata Christoph, 1885, E. amasina Bohatsch, 1893,

E. schiefereri Bohatsch, 1893, E. ponderata Dietze, 1906, E. achyrdaghica Wehrli,

1929, E. cheituna Brandt, 1938, E. montanata Brandt, 1938, E. sectila Brandt, 1938,

E. pfeifferata Schütze, 1960, E. problematicata Schütze, 1960, E. christophi Mironov,

1988, and E. pinkeri Mironov, 1991. We found one very interesting specimen of this

group in the collection ofthe Hungarian Natural History Museum (Budapest, Hungary),

which is described here as a new species.

The fauna of the geometrid moths of the modern territory of Syria is still not

well documented. Some species of Eupithecia were described from the former terri-

tory of Syria: Beirut, Akbés, Achyr-Dagh. Currently these localities are in Lebanon

and Turkey. Only six species of Eupithecia were mentioned by Wiltshire (1936) and

Mironov (2003) for Syria: E. laquaearia Herrich-Schäffer, 1848, E. minusculata

Alphéraky, 1882, E. dubiosa Dietze, 1910, E. quercetica Prout, 1938, E. centaureata

(Denis & Schiffermiiller, 1775), and E. gratiosata Herrich-Schäffer, 1861. We add to

this list five species which are new to the fauna of Syria.

Nota lepidopterologica, 25.04.2012, ISSN 0342-7536

20 Mironov & RATZEL: New species of Eupithecia from Syria

Abbreviations

MNHU Museum für Naturkunde, Zentralinstitut der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany

NHMW Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Austria

SMNK _ Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Karlsruhe, Germany

TTM Termeszettudomanyi Muzeum Allattara (Hungarian Natural History Museum), Budapest,

Hungary

ZFMK Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany

ZISP Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia

ZSM Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Germany

Eupithecia weigti Mironov & Ratzel, sp. n.

Material. Holotype 9, Syria, 25 km W v. Damaskus, 2-3.v1.1961, Kasy & Vartian leg., Ratzel slide

no. 12609/5w (coll. Vartian in NHMW). The specimen was loaned in former times by A. Vojnits from coll.

Vartian and placed in TTM till now and will be returned in future to NHMW.

Description (Fig. 1). Wingspan 16.5 mm; forewing 8.5 mm. Labial palpi equal to the

diameter of eye, covered with mixed brown and ash grey scales. Frons, vertex, and

notum with mixture of light brown and dominating ash grey scales. Forewing rather

elongated and narrow with narrowly rounded apex; ground colour ash grey; transverse

lines very distinct, narrow, blackish brown; basal line evenly curved; antemedial al-

most straight, broadened anteriorly and indented in posterior half; medial line double,

touching discal dot and sharply curved onto costa; postmedial line wavy, right-angled

and broadened onto costa, with narrow, inward angle on CuA, vein; terminal area nar-

row without light subterminal line; discal dot relatively large, elongated and narrow,

oblique, black. Hindwing slightly ovoid, paler, whitish grey; basal, ante- and postme-

dial transverse lines distinct; postmedial line right angled onto costa, with elongated,

dark innerward dash on CuA vein; terminal area narrow, without light subterminal line;

discal dot relatively large, paler than on the forewing; narrow and elongate. Fringe dis-

tinctly chequered with grey and white on all wings.

Male unknown.

Female genitalia (Fig. 5). Bursa copulatrix small, ovoid, almost completely and

densely covered with very small, unisized spines except small area near base of duc-

tus seminalis and colliculum, with two short and broad membranous diverticula (one

under base of ductus seminalis, the other in anterior part of corpus bursae on other

side). Ductus seminalis short, slightly broadened basally, attached to ductus bursae at

right side near base of colliculum. Colliculum collar-like, relatively short and narrow.

Antrum short, broad, membranous. Tergite A8 rectangular. Anterior and posterior apo-

physes short and narrow. Papillae anales relatively short and broad, covered with short

setae.

Distribution. Syria.

Diagnosis. Eupithecia weigti sp. n. resembles externally E. achyrdaghica Wehrli, 1929

(Fig. 2); however, on the forewing the antemedial transverse line is placed on the short-

er distance from the double medial line, which is later more wavy; also, discal dots on

all wings are larger and broader than in E. achyrdaghica. The female genitalia are very

Nota lepi. 35(1): 19-26 21

Figs 1-4. Adults of Eupithecia spp. (scale bar = 10 mm). 1. E. weigti Mironov & Ratzel, sp. n. (holotype, 9).

2. E. achyrdaghica Wehrli, 1929 (Syria, 9). 3. E. ericeata (Rambur, 1833) (Syria, ©). 4. E. variostrigata

Alpheraky, 1876 (Syria, ©).

similar to those of E. achyrdaghica (Fig. 6), but the latter has a smaller membranous

diverticulum which is attached to the middle of the corpus bursae, and a narrower beak-

shaped, thick-walled sack opposite and in front of the base of ductus seminalis.

Derivatio nominis. We dedicate the name of this species to the well-known and highly

respected German specialist on Eupitheciini Mr. Hans-Joachim Weigt (Schwerte), who

is the author of many excellent publications on European “Blütenspanner”. His focus is

on biology, ecology and photography of the species.

Remarks. Asian species E. amasina, E. hilariata, E. achyrdaghica, E. sectila, E. pfeif-

ferata, E. problematicata, and E. weigti sp. n. are considered to form a group of closely

allied species on the base of similarity of the male and female genitalia (Schütze 1960).

Eupithecia achyrdaghica Wehrli, 1929

Eupithecia achyrdaghica Wehrli, 1929, Mitt. münch. ent. Ges. 19 (10-12): 326, pl. 25, fig. 14. Syntypes

10, 29 (ZFMK; not traced), Syria [Turkey]: Achyr-Dagh, Bertiz Jaila, 1000-1800 m.

Material. 29, Syria, 25 km W v. Damaskus, 2—3.vi.1961, Kasy & Vartian leg., Ratzel slide no. 14609/

2w (coll. Vartian in NHMW). The specimens were loaned by A. Vojnits from coll. Vartian some years ago

and placed in TTM; they will be returned in the future to NHMW. There is one additional 9 captured from

the same locality and date in TTM.

This species was described from three specimens from Achyr-Dagh (formerly in Syria,

now in Turkey). According to our data and recent personal comments of Hossein Ra-

jaei (ZFMK), all the type specimens are unfortunately absent from the drawer with the

22 Mironov & RATZEL: New species of Eupithecia from Syria

original species label

“achyrdaghica” in the

collection of ZFMK.

The location of the

types of this species

is currently unknown.

Wehrli (1929) illus-

trated the type speci-

men with a small

black and white pho-

tograph, but did not

provide an image of

the genitalia. We illus-

trate here the female

genitalia of recent ma-

terial from Syria (Fig.

Hy ST |) CNY 6). Because the types

Ue,

EN A, Y :/. as

KE a ME Sd. 89

LL CS Aue PR

FERIEN, N OA

of achyrdaghica are

absent and may be

Figs 5-6. Female genitalia of Eupithecia spp. (scale bar = 1 mm). 5. E. weig- lost, and the type geni-

ti Mironov & Ratzel, sp. n. 6. E. achyrdaghica Wehrli, 1929 (Syria). talia have not been illu-

strated, Wehrli’s orig-

inal detailed descrip-

tion is very important. We include here the most important parts of his text. “Grund-

farbe oberseits ein weißliches Grau, sehr fein schwarz punktiert; die schwarzen Linien

unterbrochen, nur aus Bogenstrichelchen und Aderpunkten zusammengesetzt, was der

Art, zusammen mit der Farbe und den prominenten Mittelstrichen, ein sehr charak-

teristisches Aussehen verleiht. ... Hfl. ähnlich dem Vfl., Costalzone etwas heller; die

Linien reichen nicht bis zum Vorderrand. Basale, subbasale und antemediane Linien

nur am Innenrand erkennbar. Mittelstrich kräftig. Die nur bis zum Mittelfleck reichende

mittlere und die zwei nachfolgenden linien bilden vor dem Innenrand einen scharfen

Zacken basalwärts. ... Der weibliche Kopulationsapparat erweist eine ziemlich nahe

Verwandtschaft mit E. alliaria Stgr. Bursa kleiner als bei alliaria, dorsal ganz mit

Stacheln besetzt, die feiner sind als bei jener. Ventral rechts eine kleine stachelfreie

Fläche, links Gruppen größerer Stacheln. Auf der linken Seite, etwa in der Mitte, sitzt

ein kleiner Bursaanhang, wie ihn von allen Eupithecien einzig alliaria besitzt. Der

Ductus seminalis geht rechts ab und ist nicht wie bei alliaria ... stark dorsal nach links

gerückt, ein weiteres wichtiges Unterscheidungsmerkmal; seine Erweiterung beim Ab-

gang erheblich kleiner bei der neuen Art. Der Ductus bursae kurz breit. Auf der ven-

tralen Seite der Bursa oral ein merkwürdiges, breit aufsitzendes, kurz schnabelförmiges

Gebilde. Nach dem Befund am Genitalorgan handelt es sich sicher um eine neue, bisher

nicht bekannte Art, die zweite mit einem gestielten kleinen Bursa-Anhang, von alliaria

verschieden unter Anderem durch den Sitz links, und den Abgang des ductus seminalis

ganz rechts”.

24,

Nota lepi. 35(1): 19-26 93

Figs 7-8. Genitalia of Eupithecia ericeata (Rambur) from Syria. 7a—7c. Variation in the spines on bursa

copulatrix in the female. 8a—8c. Male.

In addition, we also provide a translation of this description, but it should be noted

that the German text is mostly in note form, which makes it less comprehensible, and

hence this translation is rather simple. “Groundcolour of upperside whitish grey; very

finely dotted with black; the black lines disconnected, composed only of bent dashes

and dots on the veins. Together with the colour and the prominent discal streaks this

gives the species a very characteristic appearance. ... Hindwing similar to forewing,

24 Mironov & RATZEL: New species of Eupithecia from Syria

costa somewhat brighter; lines not reaching costal margin. Basal, subbasal and anteme-

dial transverse lines only visible at inner margin. Discal dash strong. Middle transverse

line only reaching discal dot. This and the two following lines forming a sharp basally-

directed spike near the inner margin. ...

The female genitalia show a rather close relationship with £. alliaria Stdr. ... Bursa

is smaller than in alliaria, dorsally completely covered with spines, which are finer

than in alliaria. Ventrally on the rıght side a small area without spines, on the left

groups of larger spines. On the left side, nearly in the center a small appendix of the

bursa is located, as in a/liaria; ... Ductus seminalis branches off on the right side and,

unlike alliaria, is not moved far dorsally to the left side, an additional important dif-

ferential character; the enlargement [of ductus] near the branching is notably smaller

in the new species [achyrdaghica]. Ductus bursae short and broad. On the ventral side

of the bursa [there is] orally a strange broadly based, short and beak-shaped structure.

According to the genital organs this is certainly a new, hitherto unknown species, the

second one with a small petiolated appendix of the bursa, differing from alliaria among

other things by the placement [of the appendix] on the left side and the branching of the

ductus seminalis on the right side”.

Eupithecia ericeata (Rambur, 1833)

Larentia ericeata Rambur, 1833, Annls Soc. ent. Fr. 2 (1): 50, pl. 2, fig. 14. Lectotype 9 (coll. C. Herbulot

in ZSM; examined), [France]: [Corsica], Bastia.

Material. 19, Syria, prov. Ladhikiyah, Jabal an Nusayriyah, Slinf, 8—9.x.2004, P. Gyulai & A. Caral

leg., Ratzel slide no. GU27911/2m (SMNK); 39, same locality, 17—18.x.2004, P. Gyulai & A. Caral leg.,

Ratzel slides nos GU27911/1w, GU27911/3w, GU27911/4w (SMNK).

All four known Syrian specimens of this Mediterranean species show considerable

external variability, from the typical light form with distinct pattern on the forewings

(Fig. 3) to unicolorous melanistic. The female genitalia are very variable as well: mid-

dle part of the ductus bursae with the longitudinal crest of five large spines in the first

specimen, with only one similar large spine in the second and without large spines (as

in European specimens) in the third specimen (Figs 7a—c). Possibly, this variability is

a consequence of the influence of the extreme sunny conditions in desert areas, as well

as in high mountain areas. Under these conditions the development of a subspecies of

Eupithecia ericeata cannot be excluded. The male genitalia are similar to those from

European specimens (Figs 8a—c).

Eupithecia variostrigata Alphéraky, 1876

Eupithecia variostrigata Alphéraky, 1876, Horae Soc. ent. Ross. 10: 40. Holotype © (ZISP; not traced;

one topotype in ZISP examined), Russia: Taganrog.

Material. 19, 19, Syria, prov. Dimashq, Jabal Lubnan ash Sharqi, Dier Atteian, W of Qarah, 10—

11.x.2004, P. Gyulai & A. Caral leg., Ratzel slides nos GU27911/6m, GU27911/7w (SMNK); 19, Syria,

prov. Dimashq, Jabal Lubnan ash Sharqi, Ma’lula, 11—12.x.2004, P. Gyulai & A. Caral leg., Ratzel slide

no. GU27911/5m (SMNK).

Nota lepi. 35(1): 19-26 25

This is a widespread and very characteristic Mediterranean autumnal species, occurring

from the southern Spain ın the west to the western Pamirs in the east (Mironov 2003). It

is a well-recorded species in the countries adjacent to Syria (1.e., Turkey, Israel, Jordan,

and Iran). £. variostrigata has not hitherto been recorded from Syria (Fig. 4).

Eupithecia reisserata Pinker, 1976

Eupithecia reisserata Pinker, 1976, Z. ArbGem. Ost. Ent. 28 (1—3): 2, figs 5, 6, 19. Holotype S (NHMW;

4 paratypes ©, 9 examined), [Turkey]: Anatolia, Kizilcahamam.

Eupithecia reisserata levarii Hausmann, 1991, Mitt. Miinch. ent. Ges. 81: 133, pl. 6, figs 42, 43; pl. 13, fig.

135. Holotype S (SMNK), Jordan (north): Rumman.

Material. 19, Syria, 25 km W. v. Damaskus, 15—16.V.1961, Kasy & Vartian, Vojnits slide no. 174689

(TTM).

This small East-Mediterranean species from the interruptofasciata group occurs in

Greece along the coast of Aegean Sea, Crete, Cyprus, Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan

(Nakhichevan region), and Jordan (subsp. /evarii Hausmann, 1991). It is a new species

to the fauna of Syria.

Eupithecia scalptata Christoph, 1885

Eupithecia scalptata Christoph, 1885, in Romanoff, Mem. Lepid. 2: 134, pl. 7, fig. 4. Lectotype © (ZISP;

examined), [Turkmenistan]: Askhabad.

Material. 19, Syria, 20 km NE v. Damaskus, 16—23.V.1961, Kasy & Vartian (TTM).

This is a handsome, very characteristic East-Mediterranean species, occurring from the

southern Albania and Greece in the west to the Lower Volga region (Volgograd oblast)

in the north-east and Turkmenistan and Iran in the south-east (Mironov 2003). E. scalp-

tata has not hitherto been recorded from Syria.

Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Dr. R. Trusch and Mr. M. Falkenberg (SMNK, Karlsruhe), Dr. W. Mey (MNHU, Ber-

lin), and Dr. A. Hausmann (ZSM, Munich) for kind support of the authors when visiting respectively the

Staatliches Museum fiir Naturkunde Karlsruhe, Germany, Museum fiir Naturkunde, Zentralinstitut der

Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, Germany, and Zoologische Staatssammlung Miinchen, Germany. We are

also grateful to Dr. D. Stiining (ZFMK) and Dr. L. Ronkay (TTM) for kind support of the first author

when visiting their respective institutions. We are grateful also to Dr. S. Gaal-Haszler (NHMW) and Dr. L.

Ronkay (TTM) for loan of material from NHMW to Karlsruhe (SMNK) which was loaned in former times

from A. Vojnits and placed in TTM and Axel Steiner, Karlsruhe-Pfinztal for help with the exact translation

of Wherli’s text. Thanks are also due to the Deutsche Forschung Gemeinschaft (DFG, grants No. 436 RUS

17/99/02, No. STU 498/2-1 and No. TR 1086/1-1) that enabled extensive studies of Asian Eupitheciini in

ZFMK, SMNK, ZSM, and MNHU.

26 Mironov & RATZEL: New species of Eupithecia from Syria

References

Dietze, K. 1913. Biologie der Eupithecien. Teil II. Berlin, 173 S.

Mironov, V. 2003. Larentiinae II (Perizomini and Eupitheciini). — /n: Hausmann, A. (ed.): The Geometrid

Moths of Europe, Vol. 4: 1—463. Apollo Books, Stenstrup.

Schütze, E. 1960. Alte und neue Eupithecien aus Iran (Lep. Geom.). Eupithecien-Studien XV. — Mitteilun-

gen der Münchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft 50: 1-23, Tafn. i-xill.

Wehrli, E. 1929. Zwei neue Eupithecien aus der Ausbeute deo Herrn E. Pfeiffer, München, aus dem Taurus

(Lepidoptera Geometridae). — Mitteilungen der Münchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft 19 (10-12):

324-328, 4 figs.

Wiltshire, E. P. 1936. More notes on the early stages of Syrian Lepidoptera. — The Entomologist’s Record

and Journal of Variation 48 (10, suppl.): 9-11.

Nota lepi. 35 (1): 27-32 DR

Description d’Apatetris (s. I.) mediterranella sp. n. du littoral

méditerranéen de France et d’Italie (Gelechiidae, Gelechiinae,

Apatetrini)

Jacques NEL! & THIERRY VARENNE °

! 8, avenue Fernand Gassion, 13600 La Ciotat, France; lucienne.nel(@orange.fr

? 70, avenue Henry Dunant, 06100 Nice, France; thierry.varenne(@laposte.net

Manuscrit recu le 5 décembre 2011; commentaires retournes le 24 janvier 2012; accepte le 1° février 2012.

Redacteur thématique : Bernard Landry.

Resume. Apatetris (s. I.) mediterranella sp. n. (Gelechiidae) est décrite d’Europe méditerranéenne. Sa po-

sition taxonomique est discutée. L’habitus, la téte, la nervuration et les genitalia males et femelles sont

figures.

Abstract. Apatetris (s. I.) mediterranella sp. n. (Gelechiidae) is described from the mediterranean littoral

of Europe. Its taxonomic position is discussed. The habitus, head, wing venation and male and female

genitalia are figured.

Introduction

Depuis maintenant plus d’une quinzaine d’années, l’un d’entre nous (Th.V.) capture

régulièrement sur le littoral méditerranéen du Languedoc-Roussillon et de la Provence,

des Pyrénées-Orientales jusqu’au Var, un microlépidoptère blanchâtre finement ponctué

de brun d’environ 10 mm d’envergure. La longueur inhabituelle des antennes qui

atteignent presque l’apex de l’aile antérieure nous avait laissé penser qu'il s’agissait

d’une espèce inédite appartenant à un nouveau genre de Gracillariidae. Contacté à

ce sujet en 2005, Paolo Triberti, spécialiste de cette famille, nous indique alors qu’il

ne s’agit pas d’un Gracillariidae à cause de la structure des antennes, du 1° segment

abdominal et des genitalia, en ajoutant qu’il ne voyait pas à quelle famille pourrait

appartenir cette espèce. De même, à cause de la morphologie de la tête, nous avions

également contacté notre ami Giorgio Baldizzone mais, là aussi, il nous a précisé qu’il

ne s’agit pas d’un Coleophoridae.

Nous l’avions alors rapprochée des Neomariania Mariani, 1943, genre à la posi-

tion incertaine au sein des Momphidae (s. /.), à cause de la morphologie de la tête,

de la longueur des antennes, de la nervuration et de quelques ressemblances dans

les genitalia mâles; mais, contacté à ce sujet, Peter Huemer nous dit alors connaître,

avec Ole Karsholt, cette espèce depuis une dizaine d’années de la Corse et de la côte

adriatique italienne, en nous informant qu’il s’agit d’un Gelechiidae d’une espèce

inédite, aux ailes postérieures réduites, appartenant au genre Apatetris Staudinger,

1879: la réduction inhabituelle des ailes postérieures ne nous avait pas permis de

la rattacher aux Gelechiidae qui, habituellement, ont des ailes postérieures plus

larges et lobées. En fait, elle appartient bien au genre Apatetris Staudinger, 1879

(s. 1.) comme nous le verrons dans la discussion ci-dessous.

Nota lepidopterologica, 25.04.2012, ISSN 0342-7536

28 NEL & VARENNE : Nouvel Apatetris du littoral méditerranéen (Gelechiidae)

Abreviations

CJIN Collection J. Nel, La Ciotat, France

MFSN Museo Friulano di Storia Naturale, Udine, Italie

CThV Collection Th. Varenne, Nice, France

TLMF Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum, Innsbruck, Autriche

ZMUC Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen, Copenhague, Danemark

Description et position taxonomique

Apatetris (s. I.) mediterranella sp. n. Figs 1-3, 6, 7, 9

Matériel. Holotype ©: 1-‘France, Mas Fondame | Salses-le-Chateau, 4 m | Pyrénées-Orientales | 1*

juillet 2006, uv | Th. Varenne /eg.’ [imprimé en noir sur étiquette blanche]; 2- ‘HOLOTYPE’ [imprimé en

noir sur étiquette rouge]; 3- ‘prép. gen. JN n° 20558 | Apatetris mediterranella n. sp.’ [écrit en noir a la main

sur étiquette blanche] (CThV). Allotype 9: France, Le Grau-du-Roi, Gard, 11.v11.2008, uv, Th. Varenne

leg. (CThV). — Paratypes: 10%, France continentale, Fréjus, embouchure de |’ Argens, Var, 3.viii.1995, uv,

Th. Varenne /eg., prép. gen. TV n° 1722 (CThV); 10, idem, 12.v1.1996, prép. gen. TV n° 1450 (CThV);

29, Riberette, Argeles-sur-Mer, Pyrénées-Orientales, 25.v1.1998, uv, Th. Varenne /eg., prép. gen. JN n°

7792 et n° 7775 (CJN, CThV); 19, Les Vieux Salıns, Hyères, 2 m, Var, 29.v111.2000, uv, Th. Varenne

leg., prép. gen. JN n° 16874 (CJN); 10°, Fos-sur-Mer, Bouches-du-Rhöne, 26.v11.2001, uv, Th. Varenne

leg. (CThV); 19, Leucate, Aude, 8.vi.2003, uv, Th. Varenne leg. (CThV); 19, Vias, Hérault, 4.vii.2003,

uv, Th. Varenne /eg., prép. gen. JN n° 16370 (CThV); 19, Gruissan, Aude, 14.v111.2003, uv, Th. Varenne

leg. (CThV); 19, Salses-le-Chateau, Pyrénées-Orientales, 1.v11.2006, uv. Th. Varenne leg. (CThV); 19,

bord du Rhône, Arles, Bouches-du-Rhône, 5.v111.2007, uv, Th. Varenne /eg . (CThV); 19, le Grau-du-Roi,

Gard, 11.v11.2008, uv, Th. Varenne /eg. (CThV); 19, Capoulade, Gruissan, 3 m, Aude, 26.1x.2011, uv,

Th. Varenne /eg., prép. gen. JN n° 25174, aile prép. JN n° 25376 (CJN); 10°, Corse, Calvi, 10 m, 18-19.

v111.1998, leg. ©. Karsholt (ZMUC); 20%, 15 km SSE Bastia, l’Etang Biguglia, 10 m, 20.v1.2005, leg. B.

Skule (ZMUC). 20‘, Italie, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Prov. Gorizia, Staranzano, loc. Cona (Canale Quarantia),

13.v111.2000, /eg. L. Morin (gen. slide GU 05/1230 P. Huemer, gen. slide without number in tube) (MFSN);

19, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Prov. Gorizia, Staranzano, loc. Riva Lunga, 16.v111.2001, /eg. G. Governatori,

Barcode TLMF Lep 04988 (TLMF); 19, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Prov. Gorizia, Monfalcone, Biotopo Palude

del Fiume Cavana, 14.vili.2001, /eg. P. Huemer & S. Erlebach (TLMF).

Description

Habitus (Fig. 1) de coloration générale blanchatre; envergure de 8 a 10 mm; téte

(Fig. 2) recouverte d’écailles aplaties, tres grandes sur le dessus depuis le front jusqu’a

la jonction du thorax, sans collier d’écailles, le thorax semblant se prolonger vers

la tête sans interruption; front uni; tête et front blanchätres, latéralement finement

mouchetés de brun jaunâtre clair; palpes labiaux blanchâtres, le médian un peu épaissi

vers l’apex et finement moucheté de brun jaunätre clair ventralement; palpes longs

d’environ 2,5 fois le diamètre de l’œil, très peu arqués, rectilignes, le 3°"° segment

court, long de 0,5 fois le diamètre de |’ ceil et le 2°" segment aussi long que 2 fois le

diamètre de I’ ceil; trompe présente mais courte, écailleuse à sa base; palpes maxillaires

rudimentaires. Scape antennaire allongé, subovale, aussi long que le diamètre de I’ ceil,

ventralement garni de soies saillantes, blanchatre a peine moucheté de brun jaunätre

clair, cils du côté ventral blanc creme; flagellum (Fig. 1) atteignant l’apex de l’aile

anterieure hors franges; tegulae blanches, mouchetées de brun jaunätre clair sur leurs

deux tiers basaux; thorax blanchätre; pattes blanches soyeuses a leur base, mouchetées

latéralement de brun jaunatre clair. Ailes allongées: nervuration des ailes antérieures

Nota lepi. 35(1): 27-32 29

& Sn M2

b M2

L 7

5 M2

Figs 1-8. Morphologie de diverses especes d’Apatetris. 1. Habitus d’A. mediterranella sp. n., le Grau-

du-Roi (Gard), 11 juillet 2008, Th. Varenne /eg., photo Th. Varenne. 2. Tête d’A. mediterranella sp. n. 3.

Nervuration d’A. mediterranella sp. n.: a, aile antérieure; b, aile postérieure. 4. Nervuration d’A. kinkerella

(Snellen, 1876): a, aile antérieure; b, aile postérieure. 5. Nervuration d’A. trivittellum (Rebel, 1903), aile

posterieure. 6. Structures de renforcement abdominales d’A. mediterranella sp. n. 7. Genitalia mäles d’A.

mediterranella sp. n., paratype, prep. gen. JN n° 16874. 8. Genitalia males d’A. kinkerella (Snellen, 1876),

d’apres Elsner & al. (1999).

(Fig. 3a) complète avec R4 et RS tigées atteignant le bord supérieur de l’aile et MI

et M2 également tigées, atteignant le bord postérieur; les autres nervures sont libres,

Al et A2 anastomosées; ailes entièrement blanchatres, finement ponctuées d’écailles

30 NEL & VARENNE : Nouvel Apatetris du littoral méditerranéen (Gelechiidae)

brun jaunätre clair qui, par endroits, sont plus denses et ont tendance a former deux

taches selon les exemplaires, l’une au centre de l’aile et l’autre près du bord ventral,

mais ces taches restent mal définies; franges longues, soyeuses avec un reflet un peu

doré, ornées de quelques écailles brunes irrégulièrement disposées. Ailes postérieures

(Fig. 3b) étroites, allongées, non lobées, avec une nervuration incomplète et réduites:

Sc courte et peu visible à la base; Rs libre et se prolongeant jusqu’à l’apex; M2 libre,

peu marquée et réduite a un pli; CuA2, CuAl et M3 arquées; CuP absente; 1A+2A

très courte; ailes gris jaunatre clair, franges longues et soyeuses, un peu dorées, sans

écailles brunes. Systeme de renforcement de l’abdomen (Fig.6)s: bande transversale

fine, peu développée; bandes latérales du 1‘ tergite plus épaisses, arquées, celles du 2°

tergite absentes ou excessivement réduites; bandes du 1‘ sternite très longues, assez

rectilignes. Disques des tergites IT à VIT absents.

Genitalia mâles (Fig. 7): uncus court, avec une courte pilosité peu dense, formé

de deux grands lobes arrondis à l’apex, connivents, deux fois plus longs que larges; la

base de l’uncus s’insère en arrière du tegumen qui est large et court; transtilla courbes,

épaisses, terminées en spatules; saccus plus ou moins triangulaire, arrondi; valves

relativement courtes, bord dorsal convexe dans la moitié basale, arrondies à l’apex qui

est armé ventralement d’une masse arrondie de 3—4 petites épines triangulaires noires

très courtes; bord ventral de la valve avec deux grands lobes: l’un, subovale, occupe

la moitié distale, l’autre, occupe la moitié proximale et constitue un élargissement

triangulaire entre la valve et le saccus, et n’est pas toujours bien visible car 1l peut être

replié longitudinalement. Phallus très court, petit, cylindrique fusiforme.

Genitalia femelles (Fig. 9): papilles anales arrondies, très larges et se super-

posant, avec un très large lobe basal chacune, grand et arrondi garni de longues soies;

apophyses postérieures courtes, un peu moins longues que le diamètre des papilles

anales; segment VIII inscrit dans un rectangle deux fois plus large que haut, avec le

bord proximal convexe et plus sclérifié au niveau de l’ostium; apophyses antérieures

très courtes, trois fois plus courtes que les postérieures; ostium large, arrondi, avec

deux petites languettes latérales sur le bord ventral; ductus bursae et bursa copulatrix

transparents, mal definis, sans signum.

Diagnose. A. mediterranella s’apparente au groupe des Apatetris a Vhabitus clair

finement moucheté de gris comme 4. kinkerella. Elle s’en distingue aisément par ses

ailes postérieures étroites non bilobées à l’apex, et ses longues antennes qui atteignent

presque l’apex de l’aile. Les genitalia mâles (Figs. 7, 8) et femelles (Figs. 9, 11) per-

mettent également de bien la reconnaître en cas de doute (voir ci-dessus).

Position taxonomique. Contacté au sujet de cette espèce, Huemer (in litteris) nous

écrit: “Ce que je peux vous dire est, qu’en plus de plusieurs caractères morphologiques

propres aux Apatetrini, nous avons également le premier barcode qui la rapproche

également du genre Apatetris.”

Staudinger (1879) et Meyrick (1925) caractérisaient le genre Apatetris par l’apex

bilobé des ailes postérieures (Figs 4 b, 5) et par la pectination du scape antennaire

(présente chez la nouvelle espèce). Janse (1951), Piskunov (1981) (partiellement) et

Sakamaki (2000) caractérisent les Apatetris par la combinaison des caractères suivants

que l’on retrouve chez la nouvelle espèce: une trompe courte, des palpes maxillaires

Nota lepi. 35(1): 27-32 3]

Figs 9-12. Genitalia femelles d’especes d’Apatetris. 9. A. mediterranella sp. n., paratype, prep. gen. JN

n° 25174. 10. A. altithermella (Walsingham, 1903), d’apres Elsner & al. (1999). 11. A. kinkerella (Snellen,

1876), d’apres Elsner & al. (1999). 12. A. trivittellum (Rebel, 1903), d’apres Elsner & al. (1999).

rudimentaires, des palpes labiaux assez courts, peu arqués, aux ailes postérieures M1 et

M2 (ici seulement M2) rudimentaires, permettant aux ailes de se plier longitudinalement,

dans les genitalia males un tegumen court, un uncus court parfois avec deux grands

lobes arrondis comme chez A. kinkerella (Snellen, 1876) (Fig. 8), un phallus court,

dans les genitalia femelles des papilles anales arrondies, tres larges avec des apophyses

courtes ou trés courtes et un segment VIII large et tres court (Figs 10, 11, 12).

Junnilainen & Nupponen (2010) placent plusieurs especes dans des genres dif-

férents: A. altithermella (Walsingham, 1903) et A. kinkerella (Snellen, 1876) dans le

genre Dactylotula Cockerell, 1889; A. trivittellum (Rebel, 1903) et deux espèces nou-

velles de l’Oural dans le genre Catatinagma Rebel, 1903. Ils justifient ces nouvelles

combinaisons par la comparaison d’une douzaine de caracteres, mais ils ne prennent

pas en compte ni Apatetris agenjoi Gozmany, 1954, ni certaines espèces japonaises, ni

d’autres genres comme Epidola Staudinger, 1859 ou Oecocecis Guenée, 1870, ce qui

ne nous permet pas d’avoir une vision globale des Apatetrini et de placer ou non

A. mediterranella dans un genre précis.

Toutefois, la nouvelle espéce présente des caracteres qui lui sont propres et qui

pourraient justifier sa place dans un nouveau genre: les antennes sont bien plus longues

que chez les autres Apatetris (s. /.), aux ailes antérieures M1 et M2 sont tigées, les ailes

postérieures sont très réduites, non bilobées a l’apex (on note chez certains Apatetris

comme A. trivittellum (Fig. 5) une tendance vers cette réduction), l’apex des valves des

genitalia males présente un groupe de petites épines, les papilles anales des genitalia

femelles sont trés arrondies, non anguleuses a la base, les apophyses antérieures sont

particulierement courtes et aucun signum n’a été détecté comparés aux autres especes

européennes (Figs 10, 11, 12).

En conclusion, en accord avec Sakamaki (op. cit.) et Huemer (in litteris) et dans

l’attente d’une étude globale cladistique et / ou ADN de la tribu Apatetrini, la nouvelle

espèce est décrite ici, pour l’instant, dans le genre Apatetris Staudinger, 1879 s. /.

Biologie. La ou les plantes-hôtes sont inconnues. La seule espèce européenne dont

la biologie est connue, A. kinkerella, est inféodée à Ammophila arenaria (L.) Link.

32 NEL & VARENNE : Nouvel Apatetris du littoral méditerranéen (Gelechiidae)

(Poacée) “Roseau des sables”, ce qui pourrait étre une piste de recherche pour A. medi-

terranella qui vit sur le littoral. Une autre espece du Japon, A. elymicola Sakamaki,

2000 est inféodée a E/ymus mollis, autre Poacée (Sakamaki, op. cit.).

Les captures s’Echelonnent entre le 8 juin et le 26 septembre; les exemplaires pris

en aout-septembre sont souvent plus petits que ceux de juin-juillet: deux générations ou

une seule étalée avec des éclosions en continu, les deux hypothèses restent ouvertes.

Répartition. En France continentale, A. mediterranella a été observée depuis les

Pyrénées-Orientales à l’ouest jusqu’à l’embouchure de l’Argens (Fréjus) a l’est, dans

des stations littorales ou proches du littoral avec à proximité immédiate des zones

très humides de marécages d’eau douce ou saumätre. La localité la plus à l’intérieur

des terres est celle d’Arles (Bouches-du-Rhône) mais c’est en bordure des marais qui

longent le Grand Rhône. Toutes les autres sont franchement en bord de mer ou de

zones lagunaires côtières; deux biotopes sont en arrière de dunes de sable mais toujours

avec des marais: le Grau-du-Roi (Gard) et Vias (Héraut). Elle est également connue du

littoral de la Corse et de la côte adriatique en Italie, toujours dans les mêmes biotopes.

Cette espèce pourra être recherchée également en Espagne où des biotopes favorables

existent certainement, comme par exemple à l'embouchure de l’Ebre.

Etymologie. “mediterranella” pour rappeler sa répartition et ses biotopes littoraux mé-

diterranéens.

Liste Leraut (1997): Apatetris mediterranella pourra être placée après A. trivittellum

(Rebel, 1903), n° 1447a.

Remerciements

Nous avons le plaisir de remercier Paolo Triberti (Verona, Italie) et Giorgio Baldizzone (Asti, Italie) qui

ont bien voulu examiner ou nous donner leur avis sur cette nouvelle espèce. Nous remercions également

Ole Karsholt (Copenhagen, Danemark) et Peter Huemer (Innsbruck, Autriche) pour leur aide décisive et

pour la communication de leurs données, ainsi que Bernard Landry (Genève, Suisse) pour la relecture

constructive de notre travail.

Références

Elsner, G., P. Huemer & Z. Tokär 1999. Die Palpenmotten (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae) Mitteleuropas. —

F. Slamka, Bratislava. 209 pp., 28 pls.

Janse, A. J. T. 1951. The moths of South Africa. — Transvaal Museum, Pretoria. Pp. 173-300, pls. 89—

136.

Junnilainen, J. & K. Nupponen 2010. The gelechiid fauna of the southern Ural Montains, part I: descriptions

of seventeen new species (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). — Zootaxa 2366: 1 —34.

Leraut, P. 1997. Liste systématique et synonymique des Lépidoptères de France, Belgique et Corse (2°

édition). — Supplément à Alexanor, Paris: 1—526.

Meyrick, E. 1925. Family Gelechiidae. Zn: P. Wytsman (ed.), Genera Insectorum, 184: 290 pp., 5 pls.

Piskunov, V. I. 1981. Family Gelechiidae. /n: M. I. Falkovich & G.S. Medvedev (eds), Opredelitel’ Nase-

komykh Evropikoi Chasti SSSR IV, Cheshuekrylye 2: 649-748. [English translation, 1990: Keys to

the Insects of the European Part of the USSR, IV, Lepidoptera, Part 2: 889-1024].

Sakamaki, Y. 2000. Japanese species of the genus Apatetris (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae). — Tijdschrift voor

Entomologie 143: 211-220, figs. 1-23.

Staudinger, O. 1879. Lepidopteren-Fauna Kleinasien’s. — Horae Societalis Entomologicae Rossicae 15:

159-435.

Nota lepi. 35(1): 33-50 32

Additions to the checklist of Bombycoidea and Noctuoidea of

the Volgo-Ural region. Part II. (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae,

Erebidae, Nolidae, Noctuidae)

Kart NUPPONEN! & MICHAEL FIBIGER*

' Merenneidontie 19 D, FI-02320 Espoo, Finland; Kari.Nupponen@kolumbus.fi

! Deceased.

Received May 2011; reviews returned September 2011; accepted 13 December 2011.

Subject Editor: Lauri Kaila.

Abstract. Faunistic records additional to the recently published lists of Bombycoidea and Noctuoidea of

the South Ural Mountains (Nupponen & Fibiger 2002, 2006) are presented, as well as some interesting

records from the North Urals and the Lower Volga region. The material in the southern Urals was collected

during 2006-2010 in six different expeditions, in North Ural in 2003 and 2007, and in the Lower Volga

region in 2001, 2002, 2005, and 2006 in four expeditions. Four species are reported for the first time from

Europe: Dichagyris latipennis (Püngeler, 1909), Pseudohermonassa melancholica (Lederer, 1853), Spae-

lotis deplorata (Staudinger, 1897), and Xestia albonigra (Kononenko, 1981). Fourteen species are reported

for the first time from the southern Urals. Altogether, records of 68 species are reported, including a few

corrections to the previous articles. Further illustrations and notes on some poorly known taxa are given.

Introduction

The fauna of Bombycoidea and Noctuoidea of the southern Ural Mountains has been

studied intensely since 1996, and the results of the research during 1996—2005 were

published by Nupponen & Fibiger (2002, 2006). Since 2005, several further expedi-

tions were made to the Urals by the first author. The results of these trips are sum-

marized in the present paper, as well as some noteworthy records from the Lower and

Middle Volga region.

Material and Methods

The present article is based on the material collected by Kari Nupponen during

2006-2010 on six different expeditions to the southern Urals, four expeditions to the

Lower and Middle Volga region in 2001, 2002, 2005 and 2006, and two short trips to

the North Urals in 2003 and 2007. A few specimens recorded by Vladimir Olschwang,

Pavel Gorbunov, and other collectors are included as well. The fieldwork comprised 48

days in the southern Ural, and 32 days in the Lower and Middle Volga region. The dates

and areas visited on each of the trips are as follows:

(a) South Ural

I: 16.viii.—23.viii.2006; Orenburg oblast, Cheliabinsk oblast, Sverdlovsk oblast; K. Nupponen.

2: 8—23.vii.2007; Cheliabinsk oblast, Sverdlovsk oblast, Bashkiria; K. Nupponen.

3: 2-11.x.2007; Orenburg oblast, Cheliabinsk oblast, Sverdlovsk oblast; K. Nupponen.

4: 4-—12.ix.2009; Orenburg oblast, Cheliabinsk oblast; K. Nupponen & P. Gorbunov.

Nota lepidopterologica, 25.04.2012, ISSN 0342-7536

34 NUPPONEN & FIBIGER: Bombycoidea and Noctuoidea of the Volgo-Ural region.

5: 21-22.v.2010 & 25-26.v.2010; Cheliabinsk oblast, Sverdlovsk oblast; K. Nupponen & P. Gorbunov.

6: 14.ix.2010; Orenburg oblast; K. Nupponen & P. Gorbunov.

(b) The Lower and Middle Volga region

l: 29.v.—6.vi.2001; Saratov oblast, Volgograd oblast, Astrahan oblast; K. Nupponen.

2: 1-—8.1x.2002; Saratov oblast, Volgograd oblast; K. Nupponen.

3: 14—19.v.2005; Saratov oblast, Volgograd oblast; K. Nupponen.

4: 25.viii.—02.ix.2006; Saratov oblast; Volgograd oblast, Astrahan oblast; K. Nupponen.

Two short trips were made during 10—11.vii.2003 and 10—14.vii.2007. The material was mainly collected

by artificial light at night. Sugar ropes (sisal ropes soaked in red wine and sugar) were used in the second

half of the summer, and some day-active species were recorded by netting during daytime. The collected

material is generally deposited in the private collection of T. & K. Nupponen.

Collecting sites

The collecting localities are listed below. Brief variations of locality names are given in

uppercase letters before each locality and used later in the species list. The localities are

grouped regionally. For further information of the localities, see Nupponen & Fibiger

(2002).

Collecting sites in South Ural

BOGDANOVKA: Cheliabinsk oblast, 52°24’N 64°04’E, 280 m, Ural River bank by Bogdanovka Village.

21-22.v.2010.

BURANNOE: Orenburg oblast, 50°58’N 54°25’E, 100 m, near Burannoe Village, Ilek River Valley. 18-19.

v111.2006.

CHALK HILLS: Orenburg oblast, 50°40-45’N 54°26-28’E, 170-230 m, Pokrovka Village 20 km S,

Schibendy Valley. 20-22.v111.2006, 05—10.x.2007.

GUBERLJA: Orenburg oblast, 51°09-12’N 58°02—08’E, 320 m, Orsk 40 km W, near Guberlja Village.

09.1x.2009.

GUBERLJA SPRING: Orenburg oblast, 51°09’N 58°03’E, 330-360 m, Orsk 40 km WSW, spring near

Gubrlja River. 07—08.ix.2009.

IREMEL: Cheliabinsk oblast, 54°31 —35’N 58°49—54’E, 900-1580 m, Iremel Mountains. 18- 19.v11.2007.

KAMENKA: Cheliabinsk oblast SW, 52°31-32’N 59°03-04’E, 275-380 m, Ural River near Kamenka

Village. 12.1x.2009.

KIZILSKOYE: Cheliabinsk oblast, 52°39’N 59°00’E, 300 m, Kizilskoye 15 km S, near Ural River. 11.x.

2007.

KUMAK RIVER: Orenburg oblast, 51°14—18’N 59°02-22’E, 215—270 m, Kumak River. 10—11.1x. 2009,

14.1x.2010.

KUZINO: Sverdlovsk oblast, 57°00’N 59°26’E, 320 m, Kuzino Village. 25—26.v.2010.

MIASS: Cheliabinsk oblast, 55°01’N 60°06’E, 350 m, Miass, Ilmen State reserve. 16—19.vii.2007.

MOSKOVO: Cheliabinsk oblast, 53°57’N 59°03’E, 650 m, near Moskovo Village. 16.viii.2006, 16-17.

v11.2007.

ORENBURG: Orenburg oblast, 51°43’N 54°54’E, 95 m, Orenburg city SW. 04.x.2007.

SOROCHINSK: Orenburg oblast W, 52°26-29’N 53°10-12’E, 200 m, Sorochinsk Village 5 km N.

23.v111.2006.

UCHALY II: Cheliabinsk oblast, 54°04-10’N 59°35—44’E, 440-580 m, Uchaly Village 25 km SE.

04.1x.2009.

Nota lepi. 35 (1): 33-50 35

VERBLJUSHKA: Orenburg oblast, 51°23’N 56°49’E, 130-340 m, Donskoje Village 6 km W, Mount

Verbljushka. 17.v111.2006, 03.x.2007, 05—06.1x.2009.

Collecting sites in the Lower and Middle Volga region

OLHOVKA: Volgograd oblast, 49°34—41’N 44°16- 19’E, 60-120 m, Olhovka Village 20 km SW. O1.vi.

2001, 05—06.vi.2001, 03 - 04.1x.2002, 06—07.1x.2002, 15.v.2005, 18.v.2005, 25.viii.2006.

BOGDO: Astrakhan oblast, 48°07—-11’N 46°48-54’E, -20-150 m, Baskunzak salt lake SW, Bogdo.

04.vi.2001, 26-28.v111.2006.

BASKUNZAK W: Astrakhan oblast, 48°10- 13’N 46°33 -38’E, 0-10 m, Baskunzak salt lake 20 km W.

03.v1.2001.

SASYKOLI: Astrakhan oblast, 47°34’N 47°01’E, -9—5 m, Sasykolı Village 3 km NE, Peski Voniutchie.

29—-30.v111.2006.

PESKI THIKILI: Astrakhan oblast, 48°02-03’N 46°37—40’E, 5—10 m, Peski Thikili near Bogdo Village.

30.v111.2006.

FROLOVO: Volgograd oblast, 49°33-38’N 43°16—28’E, 95-110 m, Frolovo Village 30 km SW. 16-

17.v.2005.

ILOVLA: Volgograd oblast, 49°13—26’N 43°41—56’E, 45-65 m, Ilovla Village 10 km WSW. 02.v1.2001,

05.1x.2002.

PUGATSEV N: Saratov oblast N, 52°06’N 49°04’E, 45 m, Pugatsev Village 22 km N. 01.1x.2006.

PUGATSEV: Saratov oblast, 52°02’N 49°04’E, 35 m, near Pugatsev Village. 02.1x.2002.

BANNOVKA: Saratov oblast S, 50°44’N 45°37’E, 150 m, near Nizhnaja Bannovka Village. 31.v111.2006.

Checklist

The systematics follow that of Zahiri et al. (2011) and nomenclature that of Fibiger &

Hacker (2005). The dates and localities of records for each species are given, as well

as further notes on some poorly known species. The present list includes only additions

and corrections to our previous reports from South Ural (Nupponen & Fibiger 2002,

2006), and additionally some noteworthy records from the Lower and Middle Volga

region and northern half of the Ural Mountains. Records of widely distributed taxa are

generally excluded, as well as further observations from localities where the species

was previously known. The species included in the list were either recorded as new

since our previous reports (marked by an asterisk [*]), or recorded in the new areas

located considerably to the north (Sverdlovsk and Cheliabinsk oblasts) or to the south

(Orenburg oblast) from earlier records. Further records of some species and second

generations are included too, as well as a few earlier reported but incorrectly deter-

mined taxa.

Lasiocampidae

* Dendrolimus kilmez Mikkola & Stahls, 2008

Miass 28.vi.1997 20

Distribution. Central Russia (Udmurtia, republic of Mari El, C Ural).

Remarks. The two specimens are included in the type series. Three species of Dendro-

36 NUPPONEN & FIBIGER: Bombycoidea and Noctuoidea of the Volgo-Ural region.

limus occur in Miass: D. pini (Linnaeus, 1758), D. sibiricus Tshetverikov, 1908 and D.

kilmez. For further information, see Mikkola & Stähls (2008).

* Phyllodesma japonicum (Leech, 1889)

Kuzino 25.v.2010 10

Remarks. The specimen from Ural is externally similar to those from Estonia (ssp. arbo-

reum Blocker, 1908). New to the Ural region.

Erebidae

Schrankia balneorum (Alphéraky, 1880)

Bogdo 28.vi11.2006 19; Burannoe 18—19.vili.2006 25 exx; Chalk Hills 20-22.vii1.2006 15 exx; Peski

Thikili 30.viii.2006 10°; Pugatsev N 01.1x.2006 6 exx

Remarks. The habitat of S. balneorum in Burannoe is illustrated in Fig. 1.

Eublemma debilis (Christoph, 1884)

Bogdo 26 -28.v111.2006 39

Remarks. In addition to the present records, only two further specimens of E. debilis are

known from Europe (Fibiger et al. 2010). Two of the specimens from Bogdo are illus-

trated in Fibiger et al. (2010: plate 4, figs 35, 37). The habitat of E. debilis in Bogdo is a

desert steppe at the shore of Baskunzak salt lake (Fig. 2). In W Kazakhstan, the species

inhabits semideserts and, contrary to Fibiger et al. (2010), occurs in two generations, of

which the first one is flying in May and early June and is more abundant (K. Nupponen

& P. Gorbunov, unpublished).

Rhynchodontodes ravulalis (Staudinger, 1879)

Burannoe 18- 19.v111.2006 15 exx

Remarks. The habitat of R. ravulalis in Burannoe is illustrated in Fig. 1.

Hypena opulenta (Christoph, 1877)

Hovla 5.1x.2002 10

Drasteria flexuosa (Ménétriés, 1848)

Bogdo 26.viii.2006 10, 19; Sasykoli 29.viii.2006 10

Drasteria picta (Christoph, 1877)

Sasykoli 29.vi11.2006 about 40 exx

Euclidia fortalitium (Tauscher, 1809)

Bogdo 27.v111.2006 19; Burannoe 18.v111.2006 19; Chalk Hills 22.v111.2006 10°; Frolovo 16.v.2005 19;

Kizilskoye 19-20.v.2007 20 (P. Gorbunov leg.)

Nota lepi. 35(1): 33-50 37

Fig. 1. Sandy steppe and moist patches with plenty of Salix and Populus by Burannoe Village, South Ural.

Habitat of Schrankia balneorum, Rhynchodontodes ravulalis, Nycteola kuldzhana, and Cucullia inderien-

sis (Photo: K. Nupponen).

Remarks. The main flight period of E. fortalitium is July in the southern Urals, while

the species is clearly bivoltine in the Lower Volga region (Nupponen & Fibiger 2002;

Goater et al. 2003). However, two specimens collected in mid-May in Kiziskoye might

indicate that some populations are bivoltine in the Urals too. The two specimens are dark

and very small in size, possibly due to abnormal conditions during their larval stage.

Pericyma albidentaria (Freyer, 1842)

Bogdo 4.vi.2001 10°, 26—27.viii.2006 6 exx; Peski Thikili 30.v111.2006 30°; Sasykoli 29.v111.2006 20

* Clytie gracilis (A. Bang-Haas, 1907)

Baskunzak W 3.vi.2001 10; Chalk Hills 22.viii.2006 10°; Sasykoli 29.viii.2006 10°, 19

Dysgonia rogenhoferi (Bohatsch, 1880)

Sasykoli 30.viii.2006 10

Remarks. The specimen from Sasykoli is illustrated in Fibiger et al. (2010: pl. 16, fig.

29), and the collecting site in Fig. 3. The present record is the second one of the species

from Europe (see Fibiger et al. 2010).

Dysgonia algira (Linnaeus, 1767)

Hovla 5.ix.2002 10

Remarks. The species occurs only as a migrant in the Volgo-Ural region.

38 NUPPONEN & FIBIGER: Bombycoidea and Noctuoidea of the Volgo-Ural region.

Fig. 2. Desert steppe and rocky slopes of the Bogdo Hill by Baskunzak salt lake, Astrakhan oblast. Habitat

of Eublemma debilis, Scythocentropus misella, Luperina taurica, Pseudohadena schlumbergeri, Euxoa

deserta, and Euxoa fallax (Photo: K. Nupponen).

Prodotis stolida (Fabricius, 1775)

Olhovka 4.1x.2002 1 ex, 7.1x.2002 1 ex

Remarks. The species occurs only as a migrant in the Volgo-Ural region.

Pararctia tundrana (Tshistjakov, 1990)

Polar Ural, Voikar River, vi1.2008 10° (M. Golovatin leg.; coll. T. & K. Nupponen)

Remarks. P. tundrana occurs in the arctic regions of the Eastern Palaearctic area. The

western boundary of the species distribution is in the Polar Ural.

Borearctia menetriesii (Eversmann, 1846)

North Ural, 60°28’N 59°40’E, 260 m, Denetshkin Kamen (N slope, taiga forest) 20.vii.2005 19 (A. Erma-

kov leg.; coll. T. & K. Nupponen)

Remarks. A dead female of B. menetriesii was found on a branch of Picea, where its left

forewing was apparently fixed after emerging. The habitat is a taiga forest, with limited

luxurious meadows and a small river in a forest (Figs 4, 5).

Nolidae

* Nycteola eremostola Dufay, 1961

Chalk Hills 26.1x.2005 10°; Kumak River 10.1x.2009 1 ex, 11.1x.2009 1 ex

Nota lepi. 35 (1): 33-50 39

Fig. 3. Sandy desert with Calligonum and patches of Salix by Sasykolı Village near the River Volga,

Astrakhan oblast. Habitat of Dichagyris latipennis and Dysgonia rogenhoferi (Photo: K. Nupponen).

Remarks. Earlier reports of Nycteola siculana (Fuchs, 1899) from southern Urals refer

to N. eremostola (see Nupponen & Fibiger 2002, 2006; Fibiger et al. 2009). In addition

to ‘normal’ greyish specimens (see Fibiger et al. 2009), there also exists a colour form

with reddish brown costal half of medial area of the forewings (Fig. 6).

* Nycteola kuldzhana Obraztsov, 1953

Burannoe 18.vi11.2006 20, 19.v111.2006 40, 19

Remarks. One of the specimens from South Ural is illustrated in Fibiger et al. (2009:

pl. 7, fig. 63). For further notes on this species, see Fibiger et al. (2009). The habitat of

N. kuldzhana in Burannoe is illustrated in Fig. 2.

Noctuidae

Trichosea ludifica (Linnaeus, 1758)

North Ural, 60°28’N 59°40’E, 260 m, Denetshkin Kamen (N slope) 13.vii.2007 10

Cucullia mixta Freyer, 1842

Chalk Hills 8.x.2007 10

Remarks. The specimen was newly emerged. First record of the second generation of

this species in the Urals.

40 NupPONEN & FIBIGER: Bombycoidea and Noctuoidea of the Volgo-Ural region.

Sympistis nigrita (Boisduval, 1840)

North Ural, 60°24-26’N 59°29-36’E, 1000-1250 m, Denetshkin Kamen, mountain tundra, 12.vii.2007

10, 49; 13.vii.2007 10°, 19; North Ural, 59°30—32’N 59°09—11’E, 600-1519 m, near Kytlym Village,

Kosvinskij Kamen 11.v11.2003 19

Oncocnemis senica (Eversmann, 1856)

Moskovo 16.v1i1.2006 10

Caradrina expansa (Alpheraky, 1887)

Burannoe 19.viii.2006 19; Bogdo 26.vii1.2006 20°, 29; 27.v111.2006 29, 19; Chalk Hills 22.viii.2006 19;

Sasykoli 29.viii.2006 10°, 29; Pugatsev N 01.1x.2006 40°, 69

Remarks. C. expansa was recently reported from Europe (Nupponen & Fibiger 2006).

In 2006, the species was discovered in several localities in Astrakhan and Saratov prov-

inces and South Ural. The species is possibly widely distributed, but may also have

been overlooked in the Lower Volga region. In 2009-2011, C. expansa was also dis-

covered in several localities in the Ustyurt Plateau and the Emba River basin, western

Kazakhstan (P. Gorbunov & K. Nupponen, unpublished).

Caradrina inumbrata (Staudinger, 1900)

Guberlja Spring 7.1x.2009 20, 8.1x.2009 20

Remarks. C. inumbrata was recently reported as new to Europe (Hacker 2004; Nup-

ponen & Fibiger 2006). The present records confirm that the species is resident in the

southern Ural area.

Scythocentropus misella (Püngeler, 1908)

Bogdo 26.v111.2006 about 100 exx

Remarks. S. misella was abundant on xerothermic and rocky southern slopes of the

famous Bogdo Hill (Fig. 1). However, we did not record the species anywhere in adja-

cent areas in Astrakhan oblast, despite collecting several nights in very good weather

conditions.

Chloantha hyperici (|Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)

Olhovka 18.v.2005 30

Oxytrypia orbiculosa (Esper, [1799])

Chalk Hills 6-9.x.2007 20°; Kumak River 10.1x.2009 10

Mesapamea moderata (Eversmann, 1843)

Burannoe 19.v111.2006 19; Olhovka 4.1x.2002 19, 6.ix.2002 19, 7.1x.2002 19

Luperina taurica (Kljutschko, 1967)

Bogdo 28.viii.2006 19 (GP 5578 MF); Olhovka 25.viii.2006 10°; Peski Tshikili 30.v111.2006 10

Nota lepi. 35(1): 33-50 4]

med &

Figs 4, 5. Taiga forest at the northern slope of Denetshkin Kamen, North Ural. Habitat of Borearctia mene-

triesii, Xestia albonigra, and Xestia subgrisea (Photo: K. Nupponen).

Remarks. The species occurs in the southernmost provinces of southwestern Russia

(Matov et al. 2008). The present records are the northernmost ones known. New to As-

trakhan and Volgograd oblasts. The habitats of L. taurica in the Lower Volga region are

desert steppes (Fig. 1).

Fabula zollikoferi (Freyer, 1836)

Guberlja Spring 7.1x.2009 19, 8.1x.2009 10, 19; Kamenka 12.1x.2009 19; Kumak River 10.1x.2009 39,

11.1x.2009 50°, 89

Remarks. In September 2009, the first author was studying the bionomics of F! zol-

likoferi in new localities in the southern Ural region. The species was discovered in

three different localities, all of them being wetlands on the riverside or moist patches

in steppes, with plenty of Phragmites australis and surrounded by large steppes (Figs

7, 8). As the species was recorded in all habitats where Phragmites was growing, but

nowhere else, it seems clear that the species is breeding in such moist areas in steppe

belt of the southern Urals. Further records of Æ zollikoferi from western Kazakhstan

in September, 2010 support this conclusion as well (K. Nupponen & P. Gorbunov,

unpublished). F! zollikoferi was recently reared on stems of Phragmites (Ahola & Sil-

vonen 2011), which is probably the main host plant in nature. As the larva lives in the

stem, at least in its early stages, the species seems to prefer localities where stems of

Phragmites are thick and do not grow in the water, as they are in all the three localities

mentioned above and in the other two localities where the species is known to occur in

the southern Urals (see Nupponen & Fibiger 2002, 2006). The moth is a strong flyer.

The flight continues over the night, with a peak around midnight. The behaviour of the

moth is quite peculiar. After landing — usually far from the light, it typically stays there

42 NupPponeN & FIBIGER: Bombycoidea and Noctuoidea of the Volgo-Ural region.

ses

Fig. 6. Different forms (females) of Nycteola eremostola Dufay, 1961; South Ural, Schibendy Valley, 23.vi.

1999, K. Nupponen leg.

or sometimes jumps once or twice before staying, and becomes active again just before

sunrise, and then hides during the day. Such type of behaviour evidently decreases the

probability of capturing the species in light traps.

The expected imaginal summer diapause (Nupponen & Fibiger 2002; Zilli et al.

2005) is not confirmed, as suitable habitats have not been investigated in the first part

of the summer. However, the story in Zilli et al. (2005, p. 81) is incomplete. In the River

Ajat, three specimens of zo/likoferi were collected in early July 1997. In late July 1998,

the species was not recorded there, despite very good weather conditions. However,

the same locality was visited again during the ‘normal’ flight period of zollikoferi in

September 2000, and 11 specimens were collected during two nights. It is hard to be-

lieve that it happened just by chance, particularly because there were no signs of migra-

tion in any of the three visits. In May 2011, one female specimen of Æ zollikoferi was

collected in southwestern Kazakhstan (Bostankum sands, 25.v.2011, K. Nupponen & P.

Gorbunov leg.). It is the first spring record of the species, and supports the hypothesis

of imaginal aestivation.

The species shows remarkable individual variation in the colour of the forewing

(Zilli et al. 2005). However, mottled specimens appear to be very rare at least in the

Urals. During fourteen years, a total of 37 specimens were collected, and only four of

them belong to f. internigrata, while 33 specimens are pale and rather unicolorous,

showing only minor variation.

Sidemia spilogramma (Rambur, 1871)

Bannovka 31.viii.2006 19; Chalk Hills 22.viii.2006 10°; Kumak River 10.1x.2009 19, 11.1x.2009 40°, 39;

Pugatsev 2.1x.2002 19; Sorochinsk 23.viii.2006 10

Remarks. The habitat of S. spilogramma by the River Kumak is illustrated in Fig. 8.

* Amphipoea crinanensis (Burrows, 1908)

Moskovo 16.v11.2007 10°; Uchaly 4.ix.2009 20

Remarks. The species has been reported from the western part of European Russia

(Matov et al. 2008). The species was also found in Mary El republic and mid Volga

region (K. Mikkola, pers. comm.), Petersen (1914) presented distributional range of

Nota lepi. 35(1): 33-50 43

the species to Baikal and Tian-Shan, Guylai & Ronkay noted it from West Siberia, but

these records require confirmation. New to the Ural region.

Hydraecia osseola (Staudinger, 1882)

Ilovla 5.ix.2002 19; Kumak River 10.1x.2009 19; Olhovka 6.1x.2002 29; Pugatsev 2.1x.2002 30;

1.1x.2006 19

Gortyna cervago Eversmann, 1844

Chalk Hills 5—9.x.2007 4 exx; Guberlja 9.1x.2009 10°, 19; Guberlja Spring 8.1x.2009 19; Kamenka

12.1x.2009 40, 19; Kumak River 10-11.1x.2009 60, 49, 14.1x.2010 40

* Chortodes brevilinea (Fenn, 1864)

Verbljushka 22.vi11.2007 19 (P. Gorbunov leg.)

* Phragmatiphila nexa (Hübner, 1808)

Guberlja Spring 7.1x.2009 19

Remarks. A western European species. Earlier records in Russia are restricted to the

westernmost provinces (Matov et al. 2008). The present record is the easternmost one

known. New to the Ural region.

Sedina buettneri (E. Hering, 1858)

Guberlja Spring 7.1x.2009 10°; Kamenka 12.1x.2009 29; Kumak River 10.1x.2009 19, 11.1x.2009 19

Leucochlaena fallax (Staudinger, 1870)

Chalk Hills 22.v111.2006 10°; Verbljushka 22.v111.2007 19 (P. Gorbunov leg.)

Brachylomia uralensis (Warren, 1910)

Kumak River 10—11.1x.2009 about 80 exx

Remarks. The habitat of B. uralensis by the River Kumak is illustrated in Fig. 8.

* Conistra erythrocephala (Denis & Schiffermiiller, 1775)

Chalk Hills 5—9.x.2007 18 exx; Orenburg 4.x.2007 1 ex; Verbljushka 3.x.2007 5 exx

Lithophane ornitopus (Hufnagel, 1766)

Chalk Hills 7.x.2007 19; Orenburg SW 4.x.2007 19; Pugatsev N 01.ix.2006 2¢

Pseudohadena arenacea L. Ronkay, Varga & Fabian, 1995

Kumak River 11.ix.2009 10°, 6.1x.2011 1¢

Remarks. P. arenacea was recently reported as new to Europe (Nupponen & Fibiger

2006). The present records confirm that the species is resident in the southern Ural area.

In 2009-2011, P arenacea was also discovered in the Ustyurt Plateau and Emba River

basin, western Kazakhstan (P. Gorbunov & K. Nupponen, unpublished). The habitat of

P. arenacea by the River Kumak is illustrated in Fig. 8.

44 NUPPONEN & FIBIGER: Bombycoidea and Noctuoidea of the Volgo-Ural region.

Habitat of Fabula zollikoferi (Photo: K. Nupponen).

Pseudohadena schlumbergeri Püngeler, 1905

Bogdo 4.v1.2001 10° (GP 4125 MF)

Remarks. The specimen is illustrated in Fibiger & Hacker (2007). The habitats of P

schlumbergeri are semideserts and desert steppes (Fig. 2). In W Kazakhstan the species

appears to be associated with sandy localities (K. Nupponen & P. Gorbunov, unpub-

lished). New to Russia.

Dasypolia timoi Fibiger & K. Nupponen, 2006

Chalk Hills 6.x.2007 10°, 7.x.2007 50°, 8.x.2007 89 19, 9.x.2007 40, 10.x.2007 50°

Remarks. In addition to the type series (2 exx; see Nupponen & Fibiger 2006) and

the present topotypical material, the species is known by three old specimens from

Karazhal, Karagandinskaja oblast, Central Kazakhstan (11.x.1937 29, 15.x.1937 10);

coll ZISP). The adults and the genitalia of both sexes are illustrated in Fibiger et al.

(2010: plate 15, figs 9, 10; genitalia figs 144, 319). The female genitalia in fig. 319

originate from a specimen from C Kazakhstan, not from South Ural.

* Polymixis trisignata (Ménétriés, 1847)

Kumar River 10.1x.2009 19, 11.ix.2009 20° 19

Remarks. The species is known from the South Urals by old records of Spuler (1908)

from Orenburg and Zhuravlev (1910) from Uralsk (Kononenko 2005). The presence

of the species in Ural is confirmed. In September 2011, several specimens of P. trisig-

Nota lepi. 35(1): 33-50 45

a PRE +3 Sats ee

Fig. 8. Steppe hills, rocky slopes and moist patches at sandy riverside by the River Kumak, South Ural. Ha-

bitat of Fabula zollikoferi, Pseudohadena arenacea, Sidemia spilogramma, Brachylomia uralensis, Poly-

mixis trisignata, and Nycteola eremostola (Photo: K. Nupponen).

nata were collected in W Kazakhstan by Emba Village (K. Nupponen & P. Gorbunov,

unpublished). The habitat of P trisignata by the River Kumak is illustrated in Fig. 8.

Polymixis rosinae (Bohatsch, 1907)

Chalk Hills 5.x.2007 39, 6.x.2007 10°, 7.x.2007 30° 19, 8.x.2007 10°, 9.x.2007 10°

Polymixis atossa (Wiltshire, 1941)

Chalk Hills 5.x.2007 10°, 6.x.2007 30 39, 7.x.2007 20

Orthosia ella (Butler, 1878)

Moskovo 2.vi.2004 19

Remarks. Previous records of the species from the Urals are from the 1930s (Nupponen

& Fibiger 2006; Fibiger et al. 2010).

Saragossa siccanorum (Staudinger, 1870)

Bogdo 26-28.viii.2006; Burannoe 18—19.viii.2006; Chalk Hills 20—22.viii.2006; Peski Thikili

30.viii.2006; Sasykoli 29.viii.2006. Common.

Mythimna alopecuri (Boisduval, 1840)

Frolovo 16—17.v.2005 20 exx; Olhovka 3—4.ix.2002 20 19, 15.v.2005 40, 18.v.2005 44 exx

Dichagyris latipennis (Püngeler, 1909)

46 NUPPONEN & FIBIGER: Bombycoidea and Noctuoidea of the Volgo-Ural region.

DORT RE A Vi ES 4

Fig. 9. Rocky mountain tundra at upper slopes of Denetshkin Kamen, North Ural. Habitat of Agrotis ruta

(Photo: K. Nupponen).

Sasykoli 29.viii.2006 30 19 (Fig. 3)

Distribution. C and E Turkey, Russian Turkestan.

Remarks. Two of the European specimens are illustrated in Fibiger et al. (2010: plate

11, figs 50, 52). The habitat in Astrakhan oblast is a sandy desert with Calligonum and

various Poaceae as dominant plants (Fig. 3). New to Russia and Europe.

Dichagyris orientis (Alphéraky, 1882)

Bogdo 3.vi.2001 19, 4.v1.2001 19; Kizilskoye 30.v.2007 19 (P. Gorbunov leg.)

* Euxoa deserta (Staudinger, 1870)

Bogdo 26.vi11.2006 30; Chalk Hills 22.viii.2006 10; Olhovka 7.ix.2002 10; Peski Tshikili 30.viii.2006

Remarks. The species inhabits semideserts and desert steppes in the Volgo-Ural region

(Fig. 2). Population densities seem to be relatively low throughout its distribution.

Euxoa fallax (Eversmann, 1854)

Bogdo 27.v111.2006 10°, 28.viii.2006 10°

Remarks. The species inhabits semideserts and desert steppes in Astrakhan oblast (Fig.

2};

Euxoa dsheiron Brandt, 1938

Chalk Hills 22.v111.2006 10°; Verbljushka 5—6.ix.2009 about 50 exx

Nota lepi. 35(1): 33-50 47

Agrotis characteristica Alpheraky, 1892

Chalk Hills 20-22.viii.2006 about 40 exx; Guberlja Spring 7.1x.2009 10°; Verbljushka 22.viii.2007 19 (P.

Gorbunov leg.)

Agrotis ruta (Eversmann, 1851)

North Ural, 60°24-26’N 59°29-36’E, 1000-1250 m, Denetshkin Kamen, mountain tundra, 12.vii.2007

1 pupa, a male emerged 16.v11.2007

Remarks. The specimen is illustrated in Fibiger et al. (2010: pl. 10, fig. 8). The speci-

mens from northern Ural and Siberia are similar in the external appearance. The habitat

of A. ruta in northern Ural is mountain tundra, and the species prefers xerotermic grav-

elly patches (Fig. 9). In the isolated mountain tundra region of the southern Urals, A.

ruta is replaced by its sister species A. iremeli K. Nupponen, Ahola & Kullberg, 2001,

which is a southern Uralian endemic. For further notes on A. iremeli, see Nupponen et

al. (2001), Nupponen & Fibiger (2002) and Fibiger et al. (2010).

* Agrotis clavis (Hufnagel, 1766)

Tavatui | —-7.vii1.2006 19 (V. Olschwang leg.)

Remarks. This is the first confirmed record of A. clavis in the Urals. The species is often

confused with a closely related A. frater Fibiger, Ahola & K. Nupponen, 2006, which

is not rare in steppe regions of the southern Urals. The study of the distribution of this

pair of species in Asia is highly desirable.

* Pseudohermonassa melancholica (Lederer, 1853)

Ekaterinburg 30.VII-11.v111.2005 10; Moskovo 4.v111.2000 10 (T. Nupponen leg.), 16.v111.2006 5C,

16.vi1.2007 19, 17.v11.2007 20

Distribution. Widely distributed in the Asian part of Russia, from western Siberia to

the Far East.

Remarks. The western boundary of this species distribution is in the Urals. New to

Europe. One of the specimens from southern Ural is illustrated in Fibiger et al. (2010):

pl. 12, fig. 43; due to transition of rows, the collecting data of the specimen are pre-

sented in fig. 44 in the illustration text (p. 300).

* Spaelotis deplorata (Staudinger, 1897)

Moskovo 16.vii.2007 19 (Genitalia slide: K. Nupponen prep. no. 2/24.1.2010).

Remarks. Earlier reports of S. deplotata in Europe are based on misidentifications

(Fibiger 1993; Nupponen & Fibiger 2002; Fibiger & Hacker 2005). New to Europe.

The specimen from southern Ural is illustrated in Fibiger et al. (2010: pl. 12, fig. 48);

due to transition of rows, the collecting data of the specimen are presented in fig. 49 in

the illustration text (p. 300).

Graphipora augur (Fabricius, 1775)

Iremel 19.vii.2007 10°; Miass 16—19.vii.2007 1¢

48 NUPPONEN & FIBIGER: Bombycoidea and Noctuoidea of the Volgo-Ural region.

Fig. 10. Xestia albonigra (Kononenko, 1981); North Ural, Denetshkin Kamen, (N slope) 11.vii.2007,

K. Nupponen leg.

Xestia sareptana (Herrich-Schäffer, 1851)

Olhovka 3.1x.2002 19, 4.1x.2002 20° 29, 6.1x.2002 10° 19, 25.viii.2006 19

Remarks. The type locality of the species is Sarepta (Volgograd oblast). However, the

present records are the first ones from the region since the beginning of the 1900s. The

habitat is a luxuriant, bushy area between calcareous hills and moist meadows. One of

the specimens from Olhovka is illustrated in Fibiger et al. (2010: pl. 12, fig. 50); due

to transition of rows, the collecting data of the specimen are presented in fig. 51 in the

illustration text (p. 300).

Xestia trifida (Fischer v. Waldheim, 1820)

Bannovka 31.v111.2006 about 70 exx; Olhovka 7.1x.2002 100; Pugatsev 1.ix.2006 10

Remarks. Locally the species is not rare in the Lower Volga region. The northern bound-

ary of its distribution is in the Middle Volga, and the species has never been recorded

in the southern Urals.

Xestia subgrisea (Staudinger, 1897)

North Ural, 60°28’N 59°40’E, 260 m, Denetshkin Kamen (N slope) 13.vii.2007 1¢

Remarks. The specimen is illustrated in Fibiger et al. (2010: pl. 13, fig. 10). The habitat

is a taiga forest (Figs 4, 5).

Nota lepi. 35 (1): 33-50 49

Xestia kollari (Lederer, 1853)

Moskovo 16.v11.2007 10

Xestia laetabilis (Zetterstedt, [1839])

North Ural, 60°28’N 59°40’E, 260 m, Denetshkin Kamen (N slope) 12.vii.2007 10

Xestia albonigra (Kononenko, 1981)

North Ural, 60°28’N 59°40’E, 260 m, Denetshkin Kamen (N slope) 11.v11.2007 10

Distribution. Baikal region, Far East (Amur, Khabarovsk and Primoriye territories),

Sakhalin, N Korea, N China (Kononenko 2005); Krasnoyarsk terr. (Kononenko, pers.

comm.).

Remarks. This eastern Palaearctic species was surprisingly found in North Ural, about

3000 km to the west from nearest known records. The habitat is a taiga forest (Figs 4,

5). New to Europe. The specimen from North Ural (Fig. 10) is illustrated in Fibiger et

al. (2010: pl.13, fig. 11); due to transition of rows, the collecting data of the specimen

are presented in fig. 15 in the illustration text (p. 302).

Xestia sincera (Herrich-Schäffer, 1851)

Iremel 18.v11.2007 19

Discussion

During 2006-2010, fourteen additional species of Bombycoidea and Noctuoidea were

recorded for the southern Ural Mountains. The fauna of the southern Urals is moder-

ately well known, and differs significantly from that of the Lower Volga region. The

distributions of many species occurring in southern semideserts reach the Lower Volga

region and the vicinity of Volgograd (formerly known as Sarepta) in the north, but not

the southern Urals.

The Lepidoptera fauna in the northern half of the Ural Mountains is poorly known.

It is difficult to reach collecting localities in the region, because roads are mainly in a

bad condition or even absent, and it is not so easy to walk kilometers in virgin taiga

forests. However, the distributions of several taiga species, to date considered to be

restricted to the Eastern Palaearctic region, extend westwards to the Urals along the

Siberian taiga and arctic tundra regions. Pararctia tundrana, Xestia albonigra, and a

geometrid moth Leucobrephos middendorfi (Menetries, 1858) are good examples of

such species.

Acknowledgements

We thank Vladimir Olschwang and Pavel Gorbunov (Ekaterinburg, Russia) for organizing the expeditions

and providing material from local collectors. Our thanks are also due to the following persons for vari-

ous types of help during the trips and/or preparing the present article: Alexander Ermakov (Ekaterinburg,

50 NUPPONEN & FIBIGER: Bombycoidea and Noctuoidea of the Volgo-Ural region.

Russia), Mariann Fibiger (Sore, Denmark), Vladimir Kononenko (Vladivostok, Russia), Sergey Kornev

(Orenburg, Russia), Alexander Lagunov (Miass, Russia), Alexander Malozemov (Ekaterinburg, Russia),

Aleksej Matov (St. Peterburg, Russia), Elena Nupponen and Timo Nupponen (Espoo, Finland), as well as

Kimmo Silvonen (Espoo, Finland) for his help in processing photographs ofthe imagos, and Faunatica Oy

for supporting this work. Finally, Iam greatly indebted to the late Michael Fibiger for fruitful co-operation

over the last fifteen years, which resulted in three joint articles of the Noctuoidea of the Urals.

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Nota lepi. 35(1): 51-96 5]

Checklist of Butterflies (Papilionoidea) of the Mongolian Altai

Mountains, including descriptions of new taxa

RoMAN V. YAKOVLEV

Ul. Chkalova 34-2, Barnaul, RUS-656038, Russia;

cossus cossus(@mail.ru

Received May 2011; reviews returned 3 October 2011; accepted 7 February 2012.

Subject Editor: Jadranka Rota.

Abstract. A checklist of Papilionoidea of the Mongolian Altai is presented. Several new taxa (Neolycaena

sapozhnikovi sp. n., Plebejus germani sp. n., P. anikini sp. n., P. idas shadzgat ssp. n., Erebia przhevals-

kii sp. n., E. chastilovi nomada ssp. n., Hyponephele lycaon dmitrievae ssp. n., and H. lycaon kerzhneri

ssp. n.) are described. Zoogeographical demarcation of the Mongolian Altai (within the limits of Mon-

golia) 1s presented.

Introduction

The Mongolian Altai is a mountain system in Mongolia and China. It stretches ap-

proximately 1000 km from the northwest to the southeast and its width varies from

300 km in the northwest to 150 km in the southeast. It reaches altitude of 4362 m (Mt.

Munkh-Khajrkhan-Ula) and consists of several parallel ridges, separated by longitu-

dinal tectonic valleys. The summits are mostly plateau-like, with cirque and cornice

glaciers (the largest one being Potanin Glacier) on their crests. The Mongolian Altai

is made up of Palaeozoic schists, porphyries, and granites. Southwestern slopes re-

ceive more precipitation than the northeastern ones, and they consist of richer forest-

meadow landscapes (with spruce and larch prevailing in forests), changing into steppes

in lowlands and alpine meadows. Steppes and semi-deserts dominate on northeastern

slopes, while semi-deserts prevail between the Mountains The mountain system of the

Mongolian Altai reaches the uplands of the Altai Republic (Russia) in the north, bor-

ders with deserts and semi-deserts of Dzhungaria and Gobi towards south and west, and

semi-deserts of the Great Lakes Depression in the northeastern area of the system. The

Alag-Nuur Depression in the east of the Mongolian Altai separates it from the lower

Gobi Altai (Kamelin 2005).

The history of the study of butterflies from the Mongolian Altai

The study of butterflies of the Mongolian Altai is relatively recent. First specimens

were collected in the Mongolian Altai by a professor of the Tomsk University, Vasilij

V. Sapozhnikov [W. Sapojnikof] (from December 9 (December 21), 1861 to August 11,

1924) (Fig. 1). This outstanding Russian geographer was an enthusiastic collector of

plants and insects in the southeastern Russian Altai, Western Mongolia, and northwest-

ern China’. Based on fieldwork data, the excellently written monograph (1911) was pub-

Nota lepidopterologica, 25.04.2012, ISSN 0342-7536

5) YAKOVLEV: Butterflies of the Mongolian Altai

lished with rather short notes on the Lepidoptera

collected by him. V. V. Sapozhnikov has the

undoubted credit in entomology of being the

first to collect the extended material from vari-

ous regions of the Mongolian Altai including

its Chinese area. The material was processed

by A. A. Meinhard (1910a, b), an entomologist

at the Tomsk University. Appendices and de-

scriptions of some new forms were added by

W. Wnukowsky (1927, 1929, 1930).

In 1960—70s Soviet, Hungarian, and Ger-

man entomologists were actively researching

the territory of Mongolia, but Mongolian Altai

remained relatively unexplored. Some butter-

flies were collected by Hungarian entomolo-

À gists working under Dr. Z. Kaszab and describ-

SEC” A | ed in a number of publications (Forster 1965,

hkinov [W.W. Sapojni- 1967, 1968, 1972; Balint 1987, 1988a, b, 1989a,

b, 1990, 1996; Balint et al. 2006). Russian and

German scientists presented their findings in

several articles (Korshunov & Soljanikov 1976; Korshunov 1977; Grosser 1981). Dr.

Izyaslav M. Kerzhner, a Russian entomologist, also collected some butterflies in the

Mongolian Altai. Hungarian specialists continued their reseach on the territory of West-

ern Mongolia; the article describing findings from their last expedition was published

by Balint et al. (2006).

Three professional entomologists (Dr. Petr Ustjuzhanin, Dr. Vasilij Kovtunovich, and

myself) and one amateur (Nikolaj Zhigulin) made a short expedition to the Mongolian

Altai in 1999. Despite demanding working conditions, a new species of Lycaenidae was

found and described in 2001 (Zhdanko & Jakovlev 2001). Later the research continued,

mostly through joint botanical-zoological expeditions, organized by the South Siberian

Botanical Garden of the Altai University. During the next seven expeditions, I worked to-

gether with entomologists Prof. V. Anikin, Dr. E. Guskova, and V. Doroshkin. Expeditions

were held in all three aimaks (provinces) where the mountain system is situated: Ulegei

(Bayan-Ulegei), Hovd, and Gobi-Altai aimaks, as well as in some localities never before

explored by entomologists. Material from these expeditions and museum data provided

the basis for a number of publications (Yakovlev 2002, 2003a, b, c, 2004, 2006, 2007a,

b; Dubatolov et al. 2005; Kolesnichenko 2005; Yakovlev et al. 2005, 2006, 2009).

Fig. 1. Prof. V.V. Sapoz

kof] (1861-1924).

' V. V. Sapozhnikov visited the Mongolian Altai in 1905, 1906, 1908 and 1909. On June 26, 1905 he

was the first to cross the Mongolian border. For four years he had been studying the geography and

biota of the Mongolian Altai. Dozens of glaciers were found, mountain ranges and the river network of

Western Mongolia were described, Mongolian vegetation was carefully studied, and many herbarium

specimens and zoological collections were made. It is noteworthy that V. V. Sapozhnikov managed to

combine his work as a rector of the Tomsk University, his scientific activity, and his fieldwork, all at

the same time.

Nota lepi. 35(1): 51-96 53

Japanese entomologists also collected in the region (Yazaki 2000, 2001, 2002, 2004;

Suwa et al. 2008) and described a significant new species, Erebia tsengelensis Suwa

et al., 2008. In the Chinese part of the Mongolian Altai only limited research has taken

place (Huang & Murayama 1992).

At the same time Sergej Churkin (Russia) was involved in three longterm expedi-

tions across Mongolia and spent most of the time in the Mongolian and Gobi Altai. The

material he collected enabled description of many new taxa and provided interesting

data on distribution, systematics and biology of butterflies. These data were presented

in a series of publications (Churkin 2003a, b, c, d, 2004a, b, c, d, e, 2005a, b, c, d, 2006;

Churkin & Bogdanov 2003; Churkin & Kolesnichenko 2003a, b, 2005a, b; Churkin &

Tuzov 2005; Churkin & Zhdanko 2003; Dantchenko & Churkin 2003). Churkin and

myself also published several articles on butterfly systematics (Churkin & Yakovlev

2005a, b, 2006; Churkin et al. 2004; Yakovlev & Churkin 2003). After all this material

was processed, the number of known butterfly species for the Mongolian Altai rose by

nearly 40%, and some species new to science were discovered.

An important moment for the study of butterflies of Mongolia was the publication

of the book ‘Butterflies of Mongolia’ (Tshikolovets et al. 2009). The cooperation of

book’s co-authors resolved many problems concerning faunistic data and taxonomy,

but some remained, and in this paper I resolve some of them.

Material

I collected over 15,000 butterfly specimens during numerous expeditions to different regions of Western

Mongolia in the last 11 years (Fig. 2). Specimens from several private and state collections in Russia,

Ukraine, Hungary, and Germany were also studied. In the species list months in which the insect was re-

corded on the wing are represented by Roman numerals.

Abbreviations

DE Locus typicus

RYB Roman Yakovlev (Barnaul, Russia)

ZISP Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Science (St. Petersburg, Russia)

Zoogeographical demarcation of the Mongolian Altai (Mongolian part)

The Mongolian Altai is the southeastern part of the Altai mountain region. Orographic

scheme is presented in Fig. 3. Relief elements 55—79 and 83 belong to the Mongolian

Altai. Phytogeographic demarcation of the Altai Mountain region has already been de-

scribed (Yakovlev 2003b, 2006). Lepidoptera of the southwestern (Dzungarian) slopes

of Mongolian Altai are very different from those of the northeastern slopes. That has

been documented in several publications (Sergeev 1986, Kryzhanovskij 2002).

The main ridge of the Mongolian Altai divides the biota of the Altai mountain re-

gion into two biological provinces: Altai-Dzugarian (western) and Western Mongolian

(eastern). Zoogeographical structure of the Mongolian Altai could not be subdivided

54 YAKOVLEV: Butterflies of the Mongolian Altai

more precisely until recently because of insuf-

ficient data. A tentative opinion on the zooge-

ographical structure of Mongolian Altai based

on its butterfly fauna is provided in Fig. 4.

Eastern slopes of the Mongolian Altai are

very dry and cold in its northern part, and

hot and dry to the south of the Great Lakes

Depression. Butterflies are scarce all along the

ridge. That suggests that Western Mongolian

province should be divided into two regions:

Ulegei and Kobdo-Darvijn-Nuruu.

The fauna of the Ulegei region (Fig. 5) is

similar to that of the well-studied Chuya Valley

in the southeast of the Russian Altai. The well-

known Altaian mountain-steppe and tundra

species Colias mongola Alphéraky (Pieridae),

Coenonympha amaryllis (Stoll), Boeberia parmenio (Boeber), Pseudochazara pallida

(Staudinger) (Nymphalidae) including the Mongolian endemics Erebia tsengelensis, E.

przhevalskii sp. n., Melitaea didymina (Staudinger) (Nymphalidae) occur in the region.

Kobdo-Darvijn-Nuruu region, on the other hand, 1s mostly inhabited with desert

and semi-desert species: Neolycaena davidi namkhaidorzhi Churkin, 2004, Tongeia

bisudu Zhdanko & Jakovlev, Aricia chinensis (Murray), Plebejus argyrognomon an-

ceps Churkin, and Centrarctia mongolica (Alphéraky) (Erebidae: Arctiinae).

According to data on Lepidoptera (Yakovlev 2003b), the South Mongolian

Province of the Altai Mountain Country (1-3 in Fig. 4) (Fig. 6), established by

R. V. Kamelin, hardly deserves to be considered as a different region. Its fauna is

not very different from that of the region westward from the Mongolian Altai and is

more related to the fauna of the Altai-Dzugarian region. Common to them are such

narrowly distributed species as Neolycaena musa Zhdanko & Jakovlev (Lycaenidae)

and Gobibatyr ustyuzhanini Yakovlev (Cossidae). Isolation is reduced because of the

lower altitudes of the main ridges (it decreases the isolating capacity of southern spurs

in the Mountain Altai). The region is surely isolated but its fauna can be described as

belonging to a larger biogeographical subregion included in the Western Mongolian

province of the Altai Mountain Country. Highlands of the central Gobi-Altai aimak,

for example the Khan-Tajshiryn-Nuruu Mountains, the Khara-Adzgarajtyn-Nuruu

Mountains, and the Khasagt-Khairkhan Mountains (the main regional ridges), are

rather unique and have been well studied (Churkin 2003a, b; Yakovlev 2006, 2007).

Several endemic forms were described from there (Oeneis temujin Churkin, Erebia

chastilovi Churkin, Agrodiaetus mediator Dantchenko & Churkin, Agriades glandon

ustyuzhanini Yakovlev & Churkin). The lowland fauna of this region is generally

not very specific and it is similar to the fauna of the southern slopes of Khangai and

desert regions eastwards and southwards from the Mongolian Altai. For instance,

Polyommatus kashgharensis szabokyi Balint (Lycaenidae) is common there. Isolated

and poorly studied highlands Adzh-Bogdo (Fig. 7) in spite of great expectations, the

Mongolian Altai.

Nota lepi. 35(1): 51-96 55

i À D

puni

Fig. 3. Orography of Altai Mountain Country (by R.V. Kamelin). Ridges: 1: Abakanskij; 2: Bijskaya Griva;

3: Altyn-Tau; 4: Sumul’tinkij; 5: Iolgo; 6: Cherginskij; 7: Anujskij; 8: Baschelakskij; 9: Tigirezkij; 9a: Ko-

lyvanskij Kryazh; 10: Korgonskij; 11: Koksujskij; 12: Ubinskij; 13: Ivanovskij; 14: Ul’binskij; 15: Kholzun;

16: Listvyaga; 17: Terektinskij; 18: Seminskij; 19: Ajgulakskij; 20: Karlygan; 21: Dzhebashskij; 22: Sal-

dzhur; 23: Shapshal’skij; 24: Sayanskij; 25: Khemchiksij; 26: Western Tannu-Ola; 27: Tsagan-Shibetu;

28: Kurajskij; 29: Shavlinskij; 30: Northern-Tchuya Alps; 31: Southern-Tchuya Alps; 32: Katunskij;

33: Sarymsakty (including small Tarbagataj); 34: Narymskij; 35: Kurchumskij; 36: Kalbinskij; 37: Airtau;

38: Southern Altai; 39: Asutau; 40: Kabinskij; 41: Saur; 42: Monrak; 43: Semistaj; 44: Tarbagataj; 45: Ok-

pekty; 46: Zharminsko-Ayaguzskij; 47: Verkhnecharskij; 48: Tabyn-Bogdo-Ula; 49: Sajlyugem; 50: Tal-

duair; 51: Chikhacheva; 52: Mongun-Taiga; 53: Turgen-Ula; 54: Kharkhiraa; 55: Mongolian Altai (gener-

al); 56: Bayan-Ula; 57: Kujten-Ula; 58: Tsengel-Ula; 59: Zast-Ula; 60: Munkh-Kairkhan; 61: Chingil’skij;

62: Bulugunskij; 63: Batar-Khairkhan; 64: Sutaj-Ula; 65: Darvijn-Nura; 66: Alag-Khairkhan; 67: Uirten-

Khuren-Ula; 68: Burkhan-Budaj-Ula; 69: Gichigenijn-Nuru; 70: Khasagt-Khairkhan; 71: Khan-Tajshiryn-

Nuru; 72: Sarkh-Ula; 73: Adzh-Bogdo; 74: Alag-Nuru; 75: Takhijn-Shar-Nuruu; 76: Khavatijn-Nuruu;

77: Bajtag-Bogdo; 78: Altan-Khukhijn; 79: Bumbat-Ula; Plateaus: 80: Alashskoe; 81: Chulyshmanskoe;

82: Ukok; 83: Ulgijskoe.

fauna was impoverished, with components typical for the southeastern Mongolian

Altai. Endemics have not been detected there. Most likely many species of Siberian

Lepidoptera are likely to find their distribution limit in the Khara-Adzgarajtyn-Nuruu

and Khasgt-Khirkhan Mountains, with data on Cossidae, Noctuidae and butterflies

supporting this (Churkin 2003b, 2005d; Yakovlev 2004; Volynkin pers. comm.). For

example, the southeastern (for mountains of Altai) distribution limit for Larix sibirica

Ledebour, 1833 is in this region as well. The Alag-Khairkhan Mountains should be

considered as the eastern border of the region.

56 YAKOVLEV: Butterflies of the Mongolian Altai

It appears that the entomofauna of the south-

western slope of the Mongolian Altai is more

variable. Fieldwork in this region is subject to a

number of difficulties, not least of which is that

most of the western prongs of the Mogolian

Altai are inaccessible to many entomologists

as they are within Chinese territory. The Mon-

golian part 1s very small and almost completely

restricted to the frontier zone.

The idea of the western part of the Mongolian

> | Altai as very dry Dzungaria (Sergeev 1986;

Er u i - | Kamelin 2005) with a large number of songo-

| He CS rian and eastern Palaearctic faunistic elements

Fig. 4. Zoogeographical demarcation of the seems to be partially true and can be applied to

Mongolian Altai (within the limits of Mon- Barun-Khuraj Depression, Adzh-Bogdo low-

golia). ; Sa

lands, and mountain massifs of the main di-

vided ridge of the Mongolian Altai facing the

Dzungarian and Transaltaian Gobi. These regions are rather poor faunistically, although

they are very unique, taking into account the desert element of western Palaearctic and

middle Asian origin.

The river valleys of the Uenchin-Gol, the Bodonchin-Gol and, in particular, the

Bulugun (Bulgan-Gol) from their upper reaches to their middle course reveal a unique

fauna complex with western Palaearctic species prevailing (Yakovlev 2003b, 2006);

however, many species of Siberian origin occur as well (Tshikolovets et al. 2009),

especially in the upper reaches of eastern tributaries of the Bulugun. In the highlands

and uplands of Shadzgat-Nuruu Mountains, as well as in the upper reaches of the River

Ulyastain-Gol, the fauna is mainly Siberian, almost identical on the subspecific level

(Tshikolovets et al. 2009). A similar situation occurs in the valley of the River Bidzhjjn-

Gol (Tshikolovets et al. 2009).

One of the well-studied massifs is the Arshantyn-Nuruu Mountains, located to the

southwest of the small western tributary of the Bulugun, the Bayan-Gol River. The unique

entomofauna is strongly correlated with the singularity of the flora. Several endemics

of this interesting massif were described: Pseudophilotes svetlana Yakovlev, Tongeia

arata Yakovlev, Neolycaena sapozhnikovi sp. n. (Lycaenidae), Melitaea yakovlevi Ko-

lesnichenko, M. elena Yakovlev (Nymphalidae), as well as many of the original west-

ern Palaearctic elements such as Gobibatyr colossus (Staudinger) (Cossidae), Hemaris

ducalis (Staudinger) (Sphingidae), Carcharodus flocciferus (Zeller) and Muschampia

antonia (Speyer) (Hesperiidae), Arethusana arethusa (Dennis & Schiffermüller) and

Chazara enervata (Staudinger) (Nymphalidae), and Agrodiaetus rippartii (Freyer) (Ly-

caenidae) (Yakovlev 2002, 2007c; Yakovlev & Doroshkin 2004; Yakovlev et al. 2005;

Tshikolovets et al. 2009).

Another similar ‘oasis’ on the western slope of the Mongolian Altai (within Outer

Mongolia) is the Elt-Gol river valley (southwest of the Bayan-Ulegei aimak), which

is one of the Black Irtysh head rivers, as distinct from the huge closed water bodies of

Pes

Nota lepi. 35(1): 51-96 57

Fig. 5. Ulegei region, Bayan-Ulegei aimak, Durbet-Daba pass, 2650 m, June 2009 (photo by R. Yakovlev).

Outer Mongolia. The explored territory surely belongs to the so-called ‘damp Altaı’.

With its landscapes it resembles separate regions of the Central (Chuy Alps, etc.) and

Chinese Altai. The analyses of collected entomological and botanic materials (Kamelin

2006, Yakovlev & Doroshkin 2006) indicate a great faunstic similarity with the Central

and, probably, Chinese Altai. It is of interest that a number of species of Siberian and

western Palaearctic faunas in the territory of the region (most probably in some areas

of the Chinese Altai) are represented by clearly differentiated subspecies (Yakovlev

& Doroshkin 2006). In addition to typical ‘Siberians’ Erebia theano (Tauscher), E.

Jeniseiensis Trybom, Oeneis magna Graeser, Boloria altaica (Grum-Grshimailo), B.

frigidalis Warren, Melitaea latonigena Eversmann (Nymphalidae), Pieris euorientis

Verity (Pieridae), etc., with unexpected species for the given faunistic complex such as

Colias erate (Esper) (Pieridae) and Polygonia interposita (Staudinger) (Nymphalidae)

were found (Gus’kova & Yakovlev 2011).

Therefore, western and southwestern slopes of the Mongolian Altai can be divided

into four regions: 1. Barun-Khuraj — Adzh-Bogdo region (II-1 in Fig. 4) (Fig. 8); 2. Bu-

lugun-Bidzhijn-Gol region (II-2 in Fig. 4) (Figs 9, 11); 3. Arshantyn region (II-3 in Fig.

4) (Fig. 10); 4. Kara-Irtysh region (II-4 in Fig. 4). The latter two probably extend into

Chinese territory; however, it might be too early to discuss zoogeography (and even

the checklist) of butterflies in the Chinese part of the Mogolian Altai). Besides, a series

of large massifs are still poorly studied in the Mongolian part of the Mongolian Altai,

e.g. Bajtag-Bogdo and some lower ridges to the east. Highlands of the Adzh-Bogdo

Mountains are almost unknown. The general tendency of the butterfly fauna might be

58 YAKOVLEV: Butterflies of the Mongolian Altai

Fig. 6. Southern-Mongolian region, Gobi-Altai aimak, Khasagt-Khairkhan Mountains, 2500 m, July 2010

(photo by V. Anikin).

Fig. 7. Southern-Mongolian region, Gobi-Altai aimak, Adzh-Bogdo Mountains, Il-gol Valley, 2800 m, July

2009 (photo by R. Yakovlev).

Nota lepi. 35 (1): 51-96 59

i ER BR

‘a= u,

Fig. 8. Barun-Khurai-Adzh-Bogdo region, Khovd aimak, Dzhungarian Gobi, 15 km S of Bulgan, 1050 m,

July 2007 (photo by V. Anikin).

Fig. 9. Bulugun-Bidzhijn-Gol region, Khovd aimak, Valley of Uenchin-Gol river, 1400 m, July 2005 (photo

by D. Ryzhkov).

60 YAKOVLEV: Butterflies of the Mongolian Altai

+ Hy FNAME ar ke PR] N

Fig. 10. Arshantynskij region, Khovd aimak, Bayan-Gol Valley, Arshantyn-Nuruu Mountains, 2100 m,

June 2005 (photo by D. Ryzhkov).

lower richness in the highlands and uplands in southern and southeastern regions of the

Mongolian Altai. For example, under similar conditions the Russian Altai (the Kurai

Mountains) has three species of Boloria Moore, 1900 (one in the Khasagt-Khairkhan

Mountains, Mongolian Altai), eight species of Oeneis (two in the Mongolian Altai), and

seven species of Parnassius (one in the Mongolian Altai), etc. (Tshikolovets et al. 2009).

Annotated list of species (taxonomy by Korshunov 2002 and Tshikolovets et al. 2009)

A species recorded as possible for the fauna of the Mongolian Altai is marked with *.

Family Hesperiidae Latreille, 1809

* Erynnis tages (Linnaeus, 1758)

Chuya valley in the Altai Republic (Russia) (Elwes 1899; Tshikolovets et al. 2009).

Spialia orbifer (Hiibner, 1823)

Spialia orbifer ssp. pseudolugens P. Gorbunov, 1995.

Arshantyn-Nuruu Mountains, Valley of Bulgan-Gol River. vi-vii.

Spialia struvei (Püngeler, 1914)

Dzungarian Gobi desert in the southern parts of Hovd and Gobi-Altai aimaks (Dubatolov et al. 2005). Very

rare. vi-vil.

Nota lepi. 35(1): 51-96 6]

Muschampia cribrellum (Eversmann, 1841)

Muschampia cribrellum ssp. obscurior

(Staudinger, 1892)

Hovd (Kobdo) (Meinhard 1910) and Horgo-Nuur lake

in the Bayan-Ulegei aimak (Yazaki 2004). vi-vii.

Muschampia tessellum (Hübner, 1803)

Muschampia tessellum ssp. dilutior (Rühl, 1895)

Munkh-Khairkhan Mt. in the Bayan-Ulegei aimak

(Balint et al. 2006). vi-vii.

Muschampia protheon (Rambur, 1858)

Arshantyn-Nuruu Mountains and Valley of Bulgan-Gol

river. Rare. vi-vii.

Muschampia staudingeri (Speyer, 1879)

Dzungarian Gobi desert (Uvkhod-Ula Mt.). Very rare.

vi-vil.

Muschampia antonia (Rambur, 1858)

Arshantyn-Nuruu Mountains. Very rare. vi-vil. Fig. 11. Bulugun-Bidzhijn-Gol region, Khovd

aimak, Valley of Bulgan-Gol river, 1500 m, July

Pyrgus malvae (Linnaeus, 1758) 2005 (photo by D. Ryzhkov).

Elt-Gol Valley, Shadzgat-Nuruu Mountains. Rare. vi—vil.

Pyrgus alveus (Hübner, 1803)

Pyrgus alveus sifanicus (Grum-Grshimailo, 1891)

Arshantyn-Nuruu, Khasgt-Khirkhan Mountains. Common. vi-vil.

Pyrgus serratulae (Rambur, 1839)

Pyrgus serratulae uralensis (Warren, 1926)

Different parts of the Mongolian Altai. Common. v-vii.

* Pyrgus sibirica (Reverdin, 1911)

Very common in the Russian Altai, probably in highlands of the northern part of the Mongolian Altai.

Vi—Vil.

Pyrgus centaureae (Rambur, 1839)

Elt-Gol Valley. Very rare. vii.

Carcharodus flocciferus (Zeller, 1847)

Arshantyn-Nuruu Mountains. Common. v-vii.

Carterocephalus palaemon (Pallas, 1771)

Carterocephalus palaemon albiguttata (Christoph, 1893)

Elt-Gol Valley. Very rare. vii.

62 YAKOVLEV: Butterflies of the Mongolian Altai

Carterocephalus silvicola (Meigen, 1829)

Probably mistakenly recorded for Kobdo (Meinhard,

1910).

Carterocephalus argyrostigma (Eversmann,

1851)

Northeastern slope of the Central part of the Mongolian

Altai, near Kobdo. Rare. vi—vii.

1 Es tsenguun, type focally | ed ; Thymelicus lineola (Ochsencheimer, 1808)

ssp. tsenguun, distribution

Arshantyn-Nuruu Mountains. Very local. vi-vii.

ssp. bayangolus, type locality

ssp. chingizid, type locality

ssp. chingizid, distribution | =| Hesperia comma (Linnaeus, 1758)

Fig. 12. Distribution of Parnassius phoebus in Different parts of the Mongolian Altai. Common. vi- vil.

the Mongolian part of the Mongolian Altai. Subspecies’ membership is not accurately identified yet.

Family Papilionidae Latreille, 1802

Parnassius phoebus (Fabricius, 1793)

The species is very local in the Mongolian Altai. Three subspecies have been described:

chingizid Yakovlev, 2006, bajangolus Yakovlev, 2006, and tsenguun Churkin, 2003.

Their distribution is given in Fig. 12. Parnassius phoebus chingizid occurs ın the north-

western highlands of the Mongolian Altai (Elt-Gol Valley). It is very similar to the

nominate subspecies and to ssp. halasicus Huang & Murayama, 1992 described from

the Chinese part of the Mongolian Altai. P phoebus bajangolus, a very unique subspe-

cies, is tiny, brightly coloured, externally different from ssp. tsenguun with a very char-

acteristic pattern. This subspecies 1s distinguished by the following characters: the den-

tate internal margin of the marginal band on the forewing (males), the very small red

spots on the hindwing (males), clearly defined black postdiscal band on the forewing

(males); the very small spots in Sc+R,/Rs and M,/M, on the hindwing (males); well-

defined submarginal row of dark spots on the hindwing (males); well-defined white

crescent-shaped submarginal spots on the forewing (females); and the well-defined

row of submarginal white lunules on the hindwing (females). P phoebus bajangolus

is found in uplands of the Arshantyn-Nuruu Mountains, and P phoebus tsenguun is

widespread in the southeastern highlands of the Mongolian Altai.

Parnassius nomion Fischer de Waldheim, 1823

Parnassius nomion saldaitisi Churkin, 2005

The only population of this species in the territory of the Mongolian Altai was found by

Churkin in the Khan-Tajshiryn-Nuruu Mountains. Very local and rare. vii.

Parnassius apollo (Linnaeus, 1758)

Ulasty-Gol, Sara-Syumbe, Bolshoi Ku-Irtyz (Meinhard 1910). Very local and rare. vil.

Nota lepi. 35(1): 51-96 63

Parnassius eversmanni Ménétriés in Siemaschko, 1850

A small population was found in the region of the Potanin glacier on the southern

slopes of the Tabyn-Bogdo-Uul Mountains. vii.

Papilio machaon Linnaeus, 1758

Common species. v—vil. Ssp. orientis Verity, 1911 is found in the backbone of the

Mongolian Altai. Specimens from southern slopes of the Mongolian Altai and deserts

of the Dzhungarian Gobi belong to the ssp. centralis Staudinger, 1886.

Family Pieridae Duponchel, 1835

Leptidea sinapis — reali group

Meinhard (1910) noted L. sinapis (L.) in the north of the Chinese part of the Mongolian

Altai (Krana Valley, near Sara-Syumbe). As there are no specimens of this species

group in the Zoological Museum of Tomsk University, and as examination of genitalia

is necessary for more accurate identification, this list only includes the species group.

Euchloe ausonia (Hiibner, 1804)

Only a few specimens were found in the river valley of the Bulgan-Gol. v.

Euchloe ochracea (Trybom, 1877)

Euchloe ochracea naina Kozhantschikov, 1923

The species occurs in a number of places in the backbone of the Mongolian Altai

(Shadzgat-Nuruu Mountains). Very rare. vi—vil.

Euchloe creusa (Doubleday, 1847)

Euchloe creusa orientalis (Bremer, 1864)

The species occurs in a number of places along the ridge of Mongolian Altai (up-

per river Kobdo-Gol, Shadzgat-Nuruu Mountains, Elt-Gol Valley, Arshantyn-Nuruu

Mountains). Rare. v—vil.

Aporia crataegi (Linnaeus, 1758)

Northern part of Mongolian Altai. Rare. vi—vii.

Pontia chloridice (Hiiber, 1813)

Steppe, semi-desert and desert zones all along the Mongolian Altai. Common. Two

generations occur in the south.

Pontia edusa (Fabricius, 1777)

Different parts of the Mongolian Altai. Common. V-viii. Two generations occur in the

south.

64 YAKOVLEV: Butterflies of the Mongolian Altai

Pontia callidice (Hiibner, 1800])

Different parts of the Mongolian Altai. Very rare. vi-vii.

Pieris bryoniae (Hübner, 1806)

Pieris bryoniae mihon Yakovlev, 2006

Forest belt. Detected in different areas. Rare and local. vi—vii.

Pieris rapae (Linnaeus, 1758)

Very common for uplands and valleys of the Mongolian Altai. v—vii.

Pieris krueperi Staudinger, 1860

Pieris krueperi devta (de Nicéville, 1884)

Only one specimen was collected 30 km north of Bulgan somon (Bulgan-Gol Valley).

Colias erate (Esper, 1805)

Common for steppe, semi-dessert, and desert belts, sporadic in the meadows of the

northern part (Elt-Gol valley) (Yakovlev & Doroshkin 2006). v— vi.

Colias hyale (Linnaeus, 1758)

Meadows in the north. Rare. vi-vil.

Colias mongola Alphéraky, 1897

Elt-Gol, Shadzgat-Nuruu, Khan-Tajshiryn-Nuruu, Khara-Adzgarajtyn-Nuruu and Khasgt-

Khairkhan Mountains. Rare. vi-vil.

Colias tyche (Boeber, 1812)

Rare, Elt-Gol, Shadzgat-Nuruu, etc. Rare. vi—vi.

Colias chrysotheme (Esper, 1781)

Colias chrysotheme elena P. Gorbunov, 1995

Different parts of the Mongolian Altai. Common. vi-vii.

Colias thisoa (Ménétriés, 1832)

Colias thisoa cryptochrysa Yakovlev, 2006

Elt-Gol and Tsagduultai Valleys. Very rare. vi-vii.

Nota lepi. 35 (1): 51-96 65

Family Lycaenidae Leach, 1815

Neolycaena davidi (Oberthür, 1881) (Figs 13a-d)

Neolycaena davidi namkhaidorji Churkin, 2004

The species is widespread in bushes to the north and in depressions near Biger-somon.

Common. vi—Vii.

Neolycaena musa Zhdanko & Jakovlev, 2001 (Figs 13e—h)

Widespread. Common. vi-vil.

Neolycaena chimaera Churkin, 2004 (Figs 13i—])

The species has been confirmed at the type locality (Sutai-Ula Mountain). The distinc-

tion of this species from N. musa is obvious in female genitalia morphology (Churkin

2004). Very rare and local. vil.

Neolycaena sapozhnikovi sp. n. (Figs 13m-p, 14)

Material. Holotype ©, W. Mongolia, Hovd aimak, Bulgan-gol basin, Bayan-gol basin, middle stream

Ulyastain-Sala river, 1600-1800 m, 21-23.v1.2004, V. Doroshkin, R. Yakovlev, & D. Ryzhkov leg.

(ZISP). — Paratypes: 18 SO, 10 99, same data (SZMN, RYB).

Description. Forewing length 13.5—15 mm. Antenna clavate, red apically. Forewing

upperside pitch black, patternless, with black fringe; underside greyish brown with a

dense suffusion of pale grey scales (better defined basally, along costa and in hind-

wing), with a V-shaped streak near apex of discal cell, apically directed towards outer

wing margin, with an irregular row of white streaks in submarginal area; streaks slight-

ly curved, crescent-shaped in cells R,,;-M,, M,—M,, M,-M, and straight in cells

M,—Cu, and Cu, ,; obscure submarginal black dots increasing from medial to cubital

area; spots in medial area ringed with obscure white circles; forewing border white,

slender. Hindwing with a white V-shaped streak near apex of discal cell and an irregular

row of crescent-shaped white spots in postdiscal area, underlined distally with black

streaks; submarginal area with small red dots with incomplete black rings, typical for

congeners; with a slender white border.

Male genitalia: Consistent with general characteristics of the genus. Uncus quite

reduced, fused with tegumen; fusion area obscure. Gnathal arms long, hook-shaped,

apically acute. Valvae short, lanceolate, with an almost straight costal margin and a

slightly curved lower one. Saccus small, with an acute apex protruding backwards.

Phallus long (ca. 2x of valval length), slightly curved in basal third, with a pair of

baculate cornuti.

Female genitalia: Ovipositor lobes making broad semi-circle. Apophyses pos-

teriores 4x longer than ovipositor lobes. Apophyses anteriores not developed. Antrum

funnel-shaped, wide and truncate, strongly sclerotized basally. Ductus bursae very

short; corpus strongly sclerotized basally, globe-shaped, with a pair of small claw-

shaped signa lateralally.

Habitat. The species occurs on dry slopes with bushes, overgrown with several Cara-

gana Fabr. (Fabaceae) species.

66 YAKOVLEV: Butterflies of the Mongolian Altai

Fig. 13. Neolycaena: a: davidi namkhaidorji Churkin, 2004, © (upperside), Khovd aimak, near Stanok-

Khongo, 2000 m, 18.06.2003, R. Yakovlev (RYB), b: davidi namkhaidorji Churkin, 2004, © (under-

side), ¢: davidi namkhaidorji Churkin, 2004, 9 (upperside), same locality (RYB), d: davidi namkhaidorji

Churkin, 2004, © (underside), e: musa Zhdanko & Jakovlev, 2001, ©’, (upperside) Khovd aimak, 50 km S

of Mankhan somon, 2200 m, 21.06.2003, R. Yakovlev leg. (RYB), f: musa Zhdanko & Jakovlev, 2001, ©,

(underside), g: musa Zhdanko & Jakovlev, 2001, 9, (upperside), same locality (RYB), h: musa Zhdanko

& Jakovlev, 2001, 9, (underside), i: chimaera Churkin, 2004, 9, paratype (upperside), Khovd aimak,

Sutai-Ula Mountains (RYB), j: chimaera Churkin, 2004, ©, paratype (underside), k: chimaera Churkin,

2004, ©, paratype (upperside), Khovd aimak, Sutai-Ula Mountains (RYB), I: chimaera Churkin, 2004, 9,

paratype (underside), m: sapozhnikovi sp. n., ©, holotype (upperside), n: sapozhnikovi sp. n., ©, holo-

type (underside), 0: sapozhnikovi sp. n., 9, paratype (upperside), p: sapozhnikovi sp. n., Q, paratype (un-

derside). Scale bar = 1 cm.

Nota lepi. 35(1): 51-96 67

Diagnosis. The new species belongs to the subgenus Rhymnaria Zhdanko, 1983. It ap-

pears to be closely related to Neolycaena chimaera Churkin, 2004 and N. submontana

saurica Zhdanko, 1998 (bona fida species?), but it can be easily distinguished from these

species in having a distinct V-shaped white streak on the underside of the forewing,

stronger sclerotization of the corpus bursae basally, wider globe-shaped corpus bursae,

and the poorly curved phallus.

Etymology. The species is named after a well-known Russian geographer — Prof. V. Sa-

pozhnikov (1861-1924).

Callophrys rubi (Linnaeus, 1758)

Arshantyn-Nuruu Mountains. Very rare. v—vil.

Callophrys suaveola (Staudinger, 1881)

Arshantyn-Nuruu Mountains. Very rare. v. New for Mongolian fauna.

Cigaritis epargyros (Eversmann, 1854)

Alag-Nuur Lake. Very rare. vi—vil. New for the Mongolian Altai.

Lycaena phlaeas (Linnaeus, 1761)

Elt-Gol, Shadzgat-Nuruu. Rare. vi—vil.

Thersamolycaena dabrerai (Balint, 1996)

Southern slopes of the Mongolian Altai and in Dzhungarian Gobi desert. Very rare.

Vi—Vil.

Thersamolycaena adbayar Churkin, 2004

Endemic species of Khan-Tajshiryn-Nuruu Mountains. Locally common. vii.

Thersamolycaena violacea (Staudinger, 1884)

Khara-Belchir-Daba pass (Khovd aimak). Very rare. vii.

Thersamolycaena dispar (Haworth, 1803)

Thersamolycaena dispar rutila (Werneburg, 1864)

Chinese part of Mongolian Altai (Bala-Irtsis). Very local. vil.

Heodes hippothoe (Linnaeus, 1758)

Chinese part of Mongolian Altai, Dzhangiz-Agach Valley (Meinhard, 1910). Very lo-

cal. vil.

Heodes alciphron (Rottemburg, 1775)

Chinese part of Mongolian Altai, Kurty river Valley (Meinhard, 1910), Arshantyn-

Nuruu Mountains. Very local. vi-vii.

68 YAKOVLEV: Butterflies of the Mongolian Altai

Fig. 14. Genitalia of Neolycaena sa-

pozhnikovi sp.n.: a: male genitalia

(lateral projection), b: male genitalia

(ventral projection), c: female genita-

lia.

Heodes virgaureae (Linnaeus, 1758)

Different parts of the region (Bulgan-Gol Valley, Kobdo-Gol Valley). Local. vii.

Athamanthia dimorphus (Staudinger, 1881) (Figs 15a-d)

Athamanthia dimorphus mongoliana Churkin, 2006

Widespread in southern parts, on the territory of Hovd and Gobi-Altai aimaks. Rare.

Vi—Vil.

Athamanthia athamantis (Eversmann, 1854)

This species is very localised in deserts and semi-deserts in the south (Fig. 16). Two

subspecies are described: bulganica Churkin & Yakovlev, 2006 (LT: Hovd aimak,

Dzungarian Gobi Des., 15 km E of Bulgan-somon) (Figs 15e—h); ssp. pletnevi Churkin

2004 (LT: Gobi-Altai aimak, 30 km SE Bugat somon) (Figs 151-1). Both populations

are strictly isolated, and although these butterflies are easily distinguished, their status

requires further research. Populations with transitional characters may occur in vast

plain areas of Dzungarian Gobi. Despite very little available material, both taxa are

here considered valid subspecies.

Everes argiades (Pallas, 1771)

Recorded in different places of the southern slope (Bodonchin-Gol and Bulgan-Gol

Valleys) (Alberti 1971). vii.

Nota lepi. 35(1): 51-96 69

Fig. 15. Athamanthia: a: dimorphus mongoliana Churkin, 2006, © (upperside) W. Mongolia, Hovd aimak,

Bulgan-gol basin, Arshantyn-Nuruu Mountains, 1700 m, 19.07.2009, E. Guskova & R. Yakovlev leg,

(RYB), b: dimorphus mongoliana Churkin, 2006, © (underside), e: dimorphus mongoliana Churkin, 2006,

9 (upperside), same locality (RYB), d: dimorphus mongoliana Churkin, 2006, 9 (underside), e: atha-

mantis bulganica Churkin & Yakovlev, 2006, ©, paratype (upperside) (RYB), f: athamantis bulganica

Churkin & Yakovlev, 2006, ©, paratype (underside), g: athamantis bulganica Churkin & Yakovlev, 2006,

Q, paratype (upperside) (RYB), h: athamantis bulganica Churkin & Yakovlev, 2006, 9, paratype (under-

side), i: athamantis pletnevi Churkin 2004, ©, topotype (upperside) (RYB), j: athamantis pletnevi Churkin

2004, S (underside), k: athamantis pletnevi Churkin 2004, 9, topotype (upperside) (RYB), 1: athamantis

pletnevi Churkin 2004, 9 (underside). Scale bar = 1 cm.

Tongeia fischeri (Eversmann, 1843)

Elt-Gol Valley (Yakovlev & Doroshkin 2006). Very local. vii.

70 YAKOVLEV: Butterflies of the Mongolian Altai

ssp. burte, type locality

@ ssp. bulganica, type locality ssp. burte, distribution

@ ssp. bulganica, distribution

“ ssp. bisudu, type locality ö

fe ssp. pletnevi, type locality ol ssp. germani, type locality ® EN

Fig. 16. Distribution of Athamanthia athaman- Fig. 17. Distribution of Tongeia bisudu Zhdan-

tis (Eversmann, 1854) in the Mongolian Altai. ko & Jakovlev, 2001.

panope, type locality

marina, type locality

svetlana, type locality ot

Fig. 18. Distribution of subgenus /nderskia Korshunov, 2000.

Tongeia bisudu Zhdanko & Jakovlev, 2001

The species is endemic to the Mongolian Altai. Different subspecies are present in dif-

ferent areas, and their status requires further investigation. The nominate subspecies is

known from the Gobi Altai aimak, 15 km S Altai (1800 m); ssp. burte Churkin, 2003 1s

also known from the Gobi Altai aimak, but from 30 km W Tsogt somon (1800 - 1900

m); ssp. germani Yakovlev, 2004 is known from the estern part of Dzungarian Gobi

desert, Uvkhod-Ula Mountains (1100-1300 m). Thus, the subspecies populations are

isolated from each other (Fig. 17).

Tongeia arata Yakovlev, 2009

Arshantyn-Nuruu Mountains. Endemic, very rare. vi-vii.

Cupido prosecusa (Erschoff, 1874)

Dzungarian-Gobi, Alag-Nuur Valley. Very local. v-vii. Bivoltine.

Nota lepi. 35(1): 51-96 Ga]

Cupido minimus (Fuessly, 1775)

Elt-Gol Valley — nominate ssp., Arshantyn-Nuruu Mountains — ssp. tusovi Lukhtanov,

1994, Khan-Taisharyn-Nuruu Mountains — ssp. /hagvajavi Churkin, 2004. The status

needs further investigations. Very local. vi-vii.

Celastrina argiolus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Recorded in Bulgan-Gol Valley (Grosser, 1981).

Paleophilotes svetlana (Yakovlev, 2003)

Endemic. Arshantyn-Nuruu Mountains. v. Very local and rare. At present, the com-

plex of species belonging to subgenus /nderskia Korshunov, 2000 (Zhdanko 2004) is

represented with the following species P. panope (Eversmann, 1851) (Northwestern

Kazakhstan), P marina Zhdanko, 2004 (Eastern Kazakhstan, Arkaly Mountains), and

P. svetlana (Yakovlev, 2003) (Western Mongolia) (Fig. 18). It should be noted that all

species share the same host plant, Astragalus lasiophyllus Ledebur (Fabaceae).

Scolitantides orion (Pallas, 1771)

Chinese part of the Mongolian Altai (Sara-Syumbe), Elt-Gol Valley, Arshantyn-Nuruu

Mountains, Shadzgat-Nuruu Mountains. Local. vi—vil.

Glaucopsyche argali (Elwes, 1899)

Glaucopsyche argali chingiz Churkin, 2005

Hovd aimak, Khazhigijn-Nuruu Mountains. Very local and rare. vi.

Plebejus argus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Arshantyn-Nuruu Mountains, Tsagan-Gol. Local. vi-vii.

Plebejus argyrognomon (Bergsträsser, 1779)

This species is common in the lowlands and uplands of the Mongolian Altai. Its subspe-

cific structure is difficult to determine. The described subspecies are as follows: chal-

cha Korshunov, 1982 (slopes of the Mongolian Altai facing the Great Lakes Valley),

gobianus Churkin, 2004 and gabrieli Balint, 1989) (southern slopes of the southeastern

part of the Mongolian Altai). The status of the subspecies anceps Churkin, 2004 needs

closer scrutiny. The taxon description is based on a restricted series of smaller speci-

mens, collected in the Sutai-Ula Mountains (Hovd aimak) and sympatric with the typi-

cal larger chalcha Korshunov, 1982. The noticeable hiatus and absence of transitional

forms have been used as the basis for the description of the subspecies (Churkin 2004).

Churkin (2004) explained the sympatric habitation of the two subspecies by the pres-

ence of an ecological barrier between the two populations (with different flight periods

of imagos, different host plants, etc.). The intergradation area between the two subspe-

cies in the given region (Sutai-Ula Mt.) is unlikely.

12 YAKOVLEV: Butterflies of the Mongolian Altai

Plebeius idas (Linnaeus, 1761) group

Most publications on Northern Asia (Tuzov et al. 2000, Churkin & Zhdanko 2003, Tshi-

kolovets et al. 2009) treat idas as a complex of species, semispecies or subspecies. Strong

geographic variation and slightly differentiated morphological forms lead to strongly dif-

fering views on the taxonomy. Churkin & Zhdanko (2003) thoroughly examined the

eastern Palaearctic idas. It appears that the Mongolian populations of idas should be

considered as well differentiated subspecies. At present the Mongolian Altai idas can

be subdivided into four easily differentiated subspecies based on the external characters

(they have not as yet been found as sympatric populations): Plebejus idas sailjugemi-

cus Zhdanko & Samodurov in Zhdanko, 1999 (LT: Russia, SE Altai, Kosh-Agach distr.,

Sailjugem Mountains, Dzhumaly river), P. idas munkhbayar Churkin & Zhdanko, 2003

(LT: Mongolia, Gobi-Altai aimak, 30 km S Biger somon), P idas belchir Churkin &

Yakovlev, 2005 (LT: Hovd aimak, 10 km N Khara-Belchir-Daba pass) and P idas shadz-

gat Yakovlev, ssp. n.

Plebejus idas sailjugemicus Zhdanko & Samodurov in Zhdanko, 1999 (Figs 19a—d)

This highland subspecies is common in regions of the Russian Altai, bordering Mongolia

(Sailjugem Mountains, Ukok Plateau, South-Chuya Mountains, Chikhaceva Mountains),

and in the north of the Mongolian Altai (alpine zone of the Bayan Ulgijsky aimak).

Southward in the backbone of the Mongolian Altai.

Plebejus idas shadzgat ssp. n. (Figs 19e—h)

This subspecies is described because the population of idas located soutward of the

P. idas sailjugemicus population, in the Shadzgat-Nuru Mountains is very different ex-

ternally from the other idas populations.

Material. Holotype ©, W. Mongolia, Hovd aimak, Bulgan-Gol basin, Uljastyin-Gol Valley, Shadzgat-

Nuruu Mountains, 2500-3000 m, 25—26.vi.2004, KR. Yakovlev & D. Ryzhkov leg. (ZISP). — Paratypes:

22 00,6 99, same data (SZMN, RYB).

Description. Forewing length 12.5—14 mm (male), 14-15 mm (female). Male: Fore-

wing upperside bright blue, with a black border of medium width and white fringe; un-

derside pale grey, with a small suffusion of bluish scales basally; underside with a small

black semi-oval spot near apex of discal cell, surrounded with a narrow white border,

and an S-shaped row of black round dots, edged with white narrow rings in postdiscal

area; submarginal orange spots, underlined with black streaks laterally and proximally,

increasing in size towards tornus; slender black wing border. Hindwing underside with a

row of small black dots basally, a slender black, white-bordered streak at apex of discal

cell, and a strongly curved row of black dots postdiscally; orange submarginal lunules

well-defined, underlined with expressed dashes of lustrous turquoise scales laterally and

crescent-shaped black dashes proximally; area between postdiscal and submarginal rows

dots lunules mainly white; wing border slender, black. Female: Forewing upperside grey-

ish brown, with a rather well-defined blue area in discal zone; hindwing with an intensive

blue area, better defined in discal zone and occupying approximately half of wing’s area;

underside of both wings pale brown, with a pattern similar to that of the male.

Nota lepi. 35(1): 51-96 73

Fig. 19. Plebeius idas (Linnaeus, 1761) group: a: ssp. sailjugemicus Zhdanko & Samodurov in Zhdanko,

1999, S (upperside), Bayan-Ulegei aimak, Kobdo-gol Valley, 20 km SW Tsengel, 1800 m, 26- 30.07.2009,

E.V. Guskova & R.V. Yakovlev leg. (RYB), b: ssp. sailjugemicus Zhdanko & Samodurov in Zhdanko, 1999,

Ÿ (underside), e: ssp. sailjugemicus Zhdanko & Samodurov in Zhdanko, 1999, 9 (upperside), same local-

ity (RYB), d: ssp. sailjugemicus Zhdanko & Samodurov in Zhdanko, 1999, (underside), e: ssp. shadzgat

ssp. n., holotype, ©, (upperside), f: ssp. shadzgat ssp. n., holotype, ©’, (underside), g: ssp. shadzgat ssp.

n., paratype, ©, (upperside), same locality (RYB), h: ssp. shadzgat ssp. n., paratype, 9, (underside), i: ssp.

belchir Churkin & Yakovlev, 2005, ©’, paratype (upperside) (RYB), j: ssp. belchir Churkin & Yakovlev,

2005, ©, paratype (underside), k: ssp. belchir Churkin & Yakovlev, 2005, ©, paratype (upperside) (RYB),

I: ssp. belchir Churkin & Yakovlev, 2005, 9, paratype (underside), m: munchbajar Churkin & Zhdanko,

2003, ©, paratype (upperside) (RYB), n: munchbajar Churkin & Zhdanko, 2003, ©, paratype (underside),

0: munchbajar Churkin & Zhdanko, 2003, 9, paratype (upperside), p: munchbajar Churkin & Zhdanko,

2003, ©, paratype (underside). Scale bar = 1 cm.

74 YAKOVLEV: Butterflies of the Mongolian Altai

Habitat. The butterflies were collected in the forest zone (Larix sibirica, Pinaceae),

generally near water bodies.

Diagnosis. It can be differentiated from all other subspecies by the better defined tur-

quoise spots on the hindwing underside and the brightly coloured wing upperside in the

female (the presence of the wide blue area on the upperside of both wings).

Etymology. Named after the type locality — Shadzgat-Nuruu Mountains.

Plebejus idas munkhbajar Churkin & Zhdanko, 2003 (Figs 19m—p)

Common on slopes of the southern and southwestern exposure of the Mongolian Altai.

Common. vi—Vi.

Plebejus idas belchir Churkin & Yakovlev, 2005

Backbone area of the Mongolian Altai and the northern exposure (southward from

Mankhan somon, Hovd aimak) (LT: Hovd aimak, 10 km N Khara-Belchir-Daba pass)

(Figs 191-1). It is characterized by the reduction of the pattern on the underside of the

wing.

* Plebejus sharga Churkin, 2004

Recorded only in the valley of Sharga somon, not in the Mongolian Altaı.

Plebejus chrystophi (Staudinger, 1874) group

A thorough review of the species group resulted in a division into two subgroups accord-

ing to host plants (Zhdanko & Churkin 2001): subgroup chrystophi (host plant Alhagi

(Fabaceae)) and subgroup samudra (host plant Hippophaea, Elaeagnaceae). Taking into

account opinion (Zhdanko & Churkin 2001) that allopatric populations represent infant

species, these taxa are described below as separate species: P. anikini sp. n. (P. chrys-

tophi subgroup) and P. germani sp. n. (P. samudra subgroup).

Plebejus anikini sp. n. (Figs 20a—d, 21a)

Material. Holotype: ¢, SW Mongolia, Gobi-Altai aimak, Dzhungarian Gobi, Alag-Nuur lake, near

Ajlyn-Tsagan-Khuduk, 9—10.vii.2010, 1300 m, 45°09’N, 94°30’E; R. Yakovlev, E. Guskova & V.

Doroshkin (ZISP). Paratypes: 30 SO", 22 99, same data (ZISP, SZMN, RYB, VDC).

Description. Forewing length 13-14 mm. Male: Wing upperside light blue, lusterless,

forewing with a black slender obscure border, hindwing with a wider border and a row of

small obscure black dots submarginally; fringe white. Wing underside pale grey, with a

dense suffusion of silver scales, an S-shaped row of tiny black dots postdiscally and very

small obscure grey dots underlined with an obscure pale area submarginally; border very

slender, black. Female: Slightly larger. Forewing dark brown, with bluish-grey streaks

between veins in discal area and a well-defined suffusion of bluish scales basally; small

obscure bluish streaks present between veins submarginally; broad black border, broken

at veins. Hindwing upperside with a well-defined suffusion of blue scales basally, a row

of black dots on outer margin, surrounded with red obscure rings; border black, rather

broad; fringe white. Male genitalia: Uncus medium-sized, fastigiated apically; gnathal

Nota lepi. 35(1): 51-96 75

Fig. 20. Plebejus chrystophi (Staudinger, 1874) group in the Mongolian Altai: a: anikini sp. n., ©’, holotype

(upperside) (ZISP), b: anikini sp. n., ©, holotype (underside), e: anikini sp. n., 9, paratype (upperside)

(ZISP), d: anikini sp. n., 9, paratype (underside), e: germani sp. n., , holotype (upperside) (ZISP), f: ger-

mani sp. n., ©, holotype (underside), g: germani sp. n., 9, paratype (upperside) (ZISP), h: germani sp. n.,

Q, paratype (underside).

arms of medium length; valva gradually rounded on costal margin and almost smooth

ventrally (with a small hollow in the middle third) and distally divided into two parts

with a shallow hollow; costal process semicircle apically, more strongly protruding for-

wards than the ventral process, which is shorter and smaller; juxta U-shaped; aedeagus

shorter than valva, of medium thickness, gradually narrowing apically, slightly curved.

Habitat. Found locally in the desert near a well (fountain, Khuduk). Presumed host

plant is Alhagi (Fabaceae).

Diagnosis. The species is similar to P. chrystophi (Staudinger, 1874) differing by the

dark coloring of females, and short and thick phallus in the male.

Etymology. The new species is named after the professor of Entomology and lepidop-

terist Vasiliy Anikin of Saratov.

Plebejus germani sp. n. (Figs 20e—h, 21b)

Material. Holotype ©, SW Mongolia, Khovd aimak, 30 km NNW of Bulgan, 1500 m, 11 —13.vii.2003,

R. Yakovlev & D. German (ZISP). — Paratypes: 4 OC, same data (RYB); 6 S ©, 4 99, SW Mongolia,

Khovd aimak, 15 km S of Bulgan, 1100 m, 10.vii.2007, R. Yakovlev & E. Gus’kova; 6 So, 5 99, SW

Mongolia, Khovd aimak, 50 km N Uench, 1500 m, 6.vii.2007, R. Yakovlev & E. Gus’kova (ZISP, RYB).

Description. Forewing length 15-17 mm. Male: Wing upperside blue, with a slen-

der black border on outer margin; underside cream, with a sparse suffusion of blu-

ish scales basally. Forewing with an elongate spot of medium size, narrow-bordered

with white, near apex of discal cell and with an S-shaped row of rather large black

round dots, edged with narrow white rings; red submarginal spots poorly defined, ob-

scure, underlined with black streaks proximally and distally; border very slender, black.

Hindwing with a row of large black dots basally, a black C-shaped white-borderd streak

76 YAKOVLEV: Butterflies of the Mongolian Altai

in discal cell (near to apex), a strongly curved row of black dots postdiscally; and red

submarginal lunules, well defined and underlined with crescent-shaped black dashes

proximally; area between postdiscal dots and submarginal lunules pale; border black,

slender. Female: Wing upperside brown, with an admixture of blue scales from base

to discal area in anal margin of hindwing; underside pattern similar to that of male, but

red lunules better defined.

Dianogsis. This species resembles P churkini Zhdanko, 2001 but can be easily sepa-

rated by the suberect costal process on the apex of the valva and a less smooth ventral

margin of the valve in male genitalia.

Habitat. River valleys. 15 km S of Bulgan specimens were collected at Hippophaea

bushes (Elaeagnaceae).

Etymology. The new species bears the name of the well-known botanist, Brassicaceae

specialist, Dr. Dmitrij German of Barnaul.

Plebejus lucifera (Staudinger, 1867)

Common species in different locations. vi—vii.

Plebejus pylaon (Fischer von Waldheim, 1832)

Elt-Gol Valley, vii, very rare. In the Mongolian Altai ssp. katunensis Balint & Lukhtanov,

1990.

Eumedonia eumedon (Esper, 1780)

Different locations. Common. vi-vil.

Aricia artaxerxes (Fabricius, 1793)

Arshantyn-Nuruu Mountains, Elt-Gol Valley. Common. vi—vii.

Aricia agestis (Denis & Schiffermiiller, 1775)

Bayan-Ulegei aimak, Monkh-Khairkhan Uul Mountains (Balint et al. 2006). Very rare.

Aricia chinensis (Murray, 1874)

Hovd aimak, slopes facing the Great Lakes Valley. Rare. vi.

Aricia nicias (Meigen, 1830)

Aricia nicias borsippa (Fruhstorfer, 1915)

Arshantyn-Nuruu Mountains, upper stream of the Bulgan-Gol River, slopes facing the

Great Lakes Valley. Very rare and local. vii.

Agriades glandon (de Prunner, 1798)

Geographic variability is described in detail by Churkin (2005). Two subspecies are

present, ustjuzhanini Yakovlev & Churkin, 2003 (Khan-Taicharyn-Ula Mountains) and

batchimeg Churkin, 2005 (along the main ridge). Local. vi-vii.

Nota lepi. 35(1): 51-96 77

Albulina orbitulus (de Prunner, 1798)

Two subspecies are present: jugnei Chur-

kin, 2004 (Khan-Taicharyn-Ula Mount-

ains) and sajana (Heyne, 1895) (along

the main ridge). Local. vi-vii.

Cyaniris semiargus (Rottemburg, 1775)

Cyaniris semiargus altaiana Tutt, 1909

Bulgan-gol basin, Elt-Gol Valley, Local. Fig. 21. Genitalia of males (lateral projection): a: Ple-

vi-vi bejus anikini sp. n., b: Plebejus germani sp. n.

Rimisia miris (Staudinger, 1881)

Khovd aimak, 15 km E of Bulgan somon. Very rare and local. vi.

Plebejidea cyane (Eversmann, 1837)

Plebejidea cyane kozhantshikovi Sheljuzhko, 1928

Different parts. Local all over. vi-vii.

Polyommatus amandus (Schneider, 1792)

Dzungarian Gobi, Bulgan-Gol basin. Very rare. vi.

Polyommatus erotides (Staudinger, 1892)

Polyommatus erotides kaabaki Korb, 2000

Bayan-Ulegei and northern part of Hovd aimaks. Local. vil.

Polyommatus aloisi Balint, 1988

Polyommatus aloisi dividus Churkin, 2003

Species related to the previous one, spread in the south. Common. vi—vii.

Polyommatus icarus (Rottemburg, 1775)

Widespread. The geographical variability in Mongolia is poorly studied. Two subspe-

cies: nominate (north) and szabokyi Balint, 1990 (Dzungarian part). Populations from

the southern part of Mongolia are bivoltine.

Agrodiaetus damon (Denis & Schiffermiiller, 1775)

Agrodiaetus damon mongolensis (Kocak, 1980)

Recorded only in the Chinese part (Kurty river valley). Very rare. vil.

Agrodiaetus mediator Dantchenko & Churkin, 2003

Endemic in southern parts. vii, very local. Two subspecies are present: mediator (Tay-

charyn-Ula, Hara-Adzragyn-Nuru, Khasagt-Khairkhan Mountains) and habievi Yakov-

78 YAKOVLEV: Butterflies of the Mongolian Altai

lev, 2004 (southern slopes). The placement of habievi has been controversial. Yakovlev

(2004) described the subspecies A. mediator habievi. Later on, this taxon was con-

sidered as a subspecies of a different species, A. damone habievi (Tshikolovets et al.

2009). However, the original decision to describe habievi as a subspecies of A. media-

tor resulted from a study of the mitochondrial DNA sequence (Vodolazhsky et al. 2011)

and the view that this is a valid taxon is here maintained.

Agrodiaetus damone (Eversmann, 1841)

Two subspecies are present: altaica Elwes, 1899 and bogdoolensis Dantchenko &

Lukhtanov, 1997. Very local. vi.

Agrodiaetus ripartii (Freyer, 1830)

Arshantyn-Nuruu Mountains. Very rare and local. vii.

Family Nymphalidae Swainson, 1827

Melanargia russiae (Esper, 1783)

Sporadic specimens in the Chinese part (Kurty and Kairty rivers) and the Arshantyn-

Nuruu Mountains. Very rare and local. vil.

Boeberia parmenio (Boeber, 1809)

Different part of Mongolian Altai. Rare. vi-vii.

Lasiommata maera (Linnaeus, 1758)

Chikertey and Arshantyn-Nuruu Mountains. Very local and rare. vii.

Coenonympha tullia (Miller, 1764)

The species is local in the alpine belt up to highlands of the Gobi-Altai aimak in the south-

east. Populations belong to ssp. e/wesi Davenport, 1941, described from the Russian Altai.

Populations to the south from the Munkh-Khairkhan Mountains require futher study.

Coenonympha glycerion (Borkhausen, 1788)

Coenonympha glycerion iphicles Staudinger, 1892

Recorded in the northern part. Local. vi-vii.

Coenomympha amaryllis (Stoll in Cramer, 1782)

Very common in different parts. vi—vii.

Coenonympha pamphilus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Chinese part of the Mongolian Altai (Sara-Syumbe) and Arshantyn-Nuruu Mountains.

Rare. vi.

Nota lepi. 35 (1): 51-96 79

Lyela myops (Staudinger, 1881)

Single specimen collected in the western part of Dzungarian Gobi, Uvkhod-Ula Mt.

Very rare. v.

Triphysa dohrnii Zeller, 1850

Local and rare (Tsagan-Kol lake, Kobdo-Gol river Valley, Arshantyn-Nuruu, Shadzgat-

Nuruu Mountains), vi-vil.

Proterebia afra (Fabricius, 1787)

Arshantyn-Nuruu Mountains. Rare and local. V. New to the Mongolian fauna.

Erebia jeniseiensis Trybom, 1877

Erebia jeniseiensis ryzhkovi Yakovlev, 2006

Elt-Gol Valley. Very local. vii.

Erebia kefersteini (Eversmann, 1851)

Tabyn-Bogdo Mountains in the north. Very rare and local. vıı.

Erebia kindermanni Staudinger, 1881

Elt-Gol Valley and Tsagan-Gol lake. Very local. vii.

Erebia tsengelensis Suwa, Hirano & Hirano, 2002

Chinese part of Mongolian Altai, Kobdo-Gol Valley, Arshantyn-Nuruu Mountains, up-

per stream of Bulgan-Gol, Alag-Khairhan Mountain. Local. vii. Endemic species. Two

subspecies: nominate (northern part of the Mongolian Altai) and a/ag Churkin, 2005

(Alag-Khairhan Mountains). Local. vii.

Erebia theano (Tauscher, 1806)

Erebia theano dyachenkoi Yakovlev, 2006

Chinese part of Mongolian Altai, Elt-Gol Valley, Khoton-Nuur lake. Local. vii.

* Erebia rossi (Curtis in Ross, 1834)

Only in border regions of Russian part of Altai (Ukok plateau, Sailjugem Mountains,

Talduair Mountains etc.), not found in the Mongolian Altai

Erebia callias Edwards, 1871 group

The Asian taxa of this species group have been recently revised (Bogdanov 2008). The

material collected in Southern Siberia, Eastern Kazakhstan and Mongolia confirms the

presence of three valid species.

80 YAKOVLEV: Butterflies of the Mongolian Altai

* Frebia callias Edwards, 1871

Recorded in border regions of Russian part of Altai (Ukok plateau, Tashanta etc.), not

found in the Mongolian Altai. In Russian Altai, ssp. altajana Staudinger, 1901 (Figs

22a—b, 23a, 25). In 2003 Erebia callias chastilovi Churkin, 2003 from the Khan-

Taycharyn-Ula Mountains and the Tsakhir-Khalgyn-Nuruu Mountains was described

as a subspecies that is very different externally from the typical Altaian, Sayan, and

Pribaikal species populations. Considerable distinguishing characters have been re-

vealed in the genitalia morphology, which helps establish its specific rank and estab-

lish a new status Erebia chastilovi Churkin, 2003, stat. n.

Erebia przhevalskii sp. n. (Figs 22e—h, 23b, 24 a—d, 25)

Material. Holotype ©, W. Mongolia, Hovd aimak, Bulgan-Gol basin, Uljastyin-Gol Valley, Shadzgat-

Nuruu Mountains, 2800-3000 m, 25—26.vi.2004, R. Yakovlev & D. Ryzhkov leg. (ZISP). — Paratypes:

40 00,5 99, same data; 5 CS, 3 00, W. Mongolia, Bayan-Ulegei aimak, Kobdo-gol Valley, 20 km

ee ee 2400 m, 48°49’°N; 88°59’E, 25—27.v11.2010, E.V. Guskova & R.V. Yakovlev leg (SZMN,

Description. Forewing length 16.5—17.5 mm. Male: Wings wide, rounded apically,

with a semicircle on outer margin; upperside dark brown. Forewing with an ochreous

area postdiscally, a double black ocellus near apex, centered with a pair of white pu-

pils; underside with a broad ochreous zone medially, greyish areas marginally, a double

black ocellus apically, centered with a pair of white pupils. Hindwing in half of speci-

mens with small ochreous dashes submarginally and 1-3 small black ocelli; underside

pale grey, with a broad band rough at margins in discal area, narrowing towards tornus.

A number of specimens bearing 1-3 black ocelli submarginally. Female: Externally

similar to male, with a better defined ochreous pattern on forewing upperside; hindwing

underside marmorate, patterned with very small brownish streaks.

Male genitalia. Uncus long, hook-shaped; gnathal arms acute apically, shorter than un-

cus. Tegumen medium-sized. Valva long, strongly narrowing apically, with a long acute

process on costal margin (in its middle third), upward and forward directed, with 1-2

smaller acute denticles, directed backward and forward, on the narrow end of valva

distally. Saccus small. Phallus short, thick, straight.

Female genitalia. Ovipositor lobes semicircle apically. Apophyses posteriores short,

poorly sclerotized. Antevaginal plate U-shaped, very small, broad basally, with very

small lateral processes. Ductus bursae short; corpus bursae more or less round, with a

pair of ribbon-like signa.

Habitat. The butterflies are found in humid tundra associations with Cobresia (Cype-

raceae) prevailing.

Diagnosis. The new species is very different from the known taxa of the group in the

shape of the valva — the abrupt narrowing towards the apex and specific upward and

forward directed denticles on the costal margin, where the larger denticle is the most

proximal. The female genitalia differ in having a tiny antevaginal plate.

Etymology. The species is named after a well-known Russian geographer N. Przhe-

valsky (1839-1888).

Nota lepi. 35(1): 51-96 8]

Fig. 22. Genitalia of males (lateral projection) of Erebia callias group: a: Erebia callias altajana, Russia,

Altai, Aktash, b: Erebia callias altajana, Russia, Altai, Ukok plateau, Maipak, c: Erebia callias sibirica, E.

Kazakhstan, Saur Mountains, Tas Mt., d: Erebia callias simulata, Russia, Irkutzk region, Khamar-Daban

Mountains, e—h: Erebia przhevalskii sp. n., holotype (e) and paratypes (f—h), i-k: Erebia chastilovi

Churkin, 2003, Gobi-Altai aimak, Khasagt-Khairkhan Mountains, 2700 m, I-n: Erebia chastilovi nomada

ssp. n., holotype (1), paratypes (m—n).

Erebia chastilovi Churkin, 2003, stat. n. (Figs 22i—k, 23c, 24e—h, 25)

Known from highlands in the south of the Mongolian Altai, local, vii. The nomi-

nate subspecies is recorded from the following habitats of the Gobi-Altai aimak: the

Khan-Taycharyn-Ula, the Tsakhir-Khalgyn-Nuruu, the Khara-Adzragyn-Nuru, and the

82 YAKOVLEV: Butterflies of the Mongolian Altai

Khasgt-Khirkhan Mountains E. chastilovi is a bona fide species and its status as a spe-

cies is based on the following characters: clear external distinctions (detailed in the origi-

nal description) and some distinctions in genitalia morphology (valve is strongly curved,

with a specific process distally forming an almost flat area with small denticles on it,

and a larger denticle at the base of the process; the antevaginal plate is U-shaped, with

rather massive lateral processes, as opposed to the much smaller structures in altajana

Staudinger, 1901). The new subspecies from the northern part of the distribution area

(Khovd aimak, Ikh-Nuruu Mountains) is described and differentiated based on wing

pattern elements, smaller size, and slight differences in female genitalia morphology.

Erebia chastilovi nomada ssp. n. (Figs 22i—n, 23d, 24i-o, 25)

and Uenchin-Gol valleys), Ikh-Daba pass, 2900m, 5.v11.2007, leg. R. Yakovlev (ZISP). — Paratypes: 11

Oo, 4 99, same data (ZISP, RYB).

Diagnosis. The new subspecies differs from the nominate in its smaller size (the length

of the forewing is 15-16.5 mm, and 16—18.5 mm in the nominate subspecies). The

wing upperside in males has a better defined ochreous pattern, forming a wide area in

the forewing and consisting of small submarginal dashes in the hindwing. The hindwing

underside is more brightly coloured, with a very well-defined marmorate pattern. The

male genitalia have no obvious distinctions. The female genitalia bear signa, strongly

converging distally on the corpus bursae.

Habitat. Very dry alpian tundra-steppe.

Etymology. The subspecies name comes from the word “nomad”.

Erebia pandrose (Borkhausen, 1788)

Tsagan-Kol Lake, rare and local.

Hyponephele lycaon (Rottemburg, 1775) (Figs 26-27)

This species is very variable in Central Asia. Ssp. catalampra (Staudinger, 1895), de-

scribed from the Central Khangai Mountains, has been traditionally considered present

in Mongolia and is listed in the recent book with all western and central Mongolian

populations (Tschikolovets et al. 2009). However, populations from different areas

of the Mongolian Altai are very variable externally and represent very well-deline-

ated taxa, whose rank needs refinement. In order to refine the real rank considerable

additional material and molecular-genetic studies are required. Here taxa from the

Mongolian Altai are considered as subspecies. Probably such a profusion of pheno-

types is caused by the complete isolation of river valleys in the south of the Mongolian

Altai, thus making the genetic exchange between populations of Hyponephele lycaon

impossible. The extreme west of the southern macroslope of the Mongolian Altai is

inhabited with ssp. smirnovi Yakovlev, 2004 stat. n. (LT: Arshantyn-Nuruu Mountains)

(Figs 26a, b). Similar topotypical butterflies were collected in the valley of Ulyastain-

Gol River. Eastwards in the Mogoin-Gol river valley and the Hara-Adzragyn-Nuru

Mountains a small series of specimens was collected, different from all the known

forms of Hyponephele lycaon, and it is described here as a new subspecies.

Nota lepi. 35 (1): 51-96 83

Fig. 23. Genitalia of females of Erebia callias group: a: Erebia callias altajana, Russia, Altai, Aktash,

b: Erebia przhevalskii sp. n., ec: Erebia chastilovi Churkin, 2003, Gobi-Altai aimak, Khasagt-Khairkhan

Mountains, 2700 m, d: Erebia chastilovi nomada ssp. n.

Hyponephele lycaon dmitrievae ssp. n. (Figs 26c, d, 27)

Material. Holotype 0, SW Mongolia, Gobi-Altai aimak, Mongolian Altai Mountains (S. slope), Mo-

goijn-Gol Valley, 6—8.vii.2010, 1800 m, 45°39’N; 93°47’E; R. Yakovlev & E. Guskova (ZISP). — Para-

types: 10 Co", 1 9, same data; 21 SO, 13 99, Mongolia, Govi-Altai aimak,Mongolian Altai (south.sl.),

Mogoin-gol R. 2000-2400 m, 8.v11.2004, Churkin S. leg. (RYB, SZMN, coll. S. Churkin).

Description. Forewing length 19-20 mm. Forewing dark greyish brown, with a well-

defined ochreous area postdiscally, and a pair of rather large black ocelli; hindwing

patternless; fringe grey. Forewing underside bearing a well-defined ochreous area me-

dially and greyish margins, a very small marmorate pattern and a pair of ocelli postdis-

cally; hindwing underside with a well-defined marmorate pattern, two or three clear,

very small ocelli submarginally, a poorly defined broad band in discal area.

Habitat. Dry steppe slopes.

Diagnosis. Small size, marbled pattern and small dots on the underside of the forewing.

Etymology. The new subspecies bears the name of the professor of Phylology Lidiya

M. Dmitrieva (Barnaul), an organizer of the Friendship Community ‘Mongolia-Russia”.

Hyponephele lycaon kerzhneri ssp. n. (Figs 26e, f, 27)

Nuru Mountains, Najtvaryn-Sajr River Valley (under stream) 15—16.vii.2010, 1700-2000 m, 45°52’N;

95°30’E; R. Yakovlev & E. Guskova (ZISP). — Paratypes: 18 SO’, same data (RYB, SZMN).

Description. Forewing length 19-21 mm. Forewing brown, with a well-defined pale

ochreous area postdiscally, with a pair of black ocelli; hindwing patternless; fringe grey.

Forewing underside with an ochreous area medially, pale grey margins, very small mar-

morate pattern and one or two ocelli postdiscally. Hindwing underside pale grey, with a

suffusion of brownish scales, without marmorate pattern; submarginal ocelli very often

absent, sometimes one or two ocelli present. Discal broad band poorly defined.

84 YAKOVLEV: Butterflies of the Mongolian Altai

Habitat. Dry steppe slopes.

Diagnosis. The new subspecies is easily distinguished by paler coloration of both wings

and larger spots near the apex of the forewing.

Etymology. The new subspecies is named after the professor of Entomology Izyaslav

Kerzhner, an active participant in the study of the Mongolian Entomofauna.

Hyponephele lupina (Costa, 1836)

Bulgan-Gol river basin (Arshantyn-Nuruu Mountains), western part of the Dzhungarian

Gobi desert. Very rare and local. vi-vii.

Hyponephele narica (Hübner, 1813)

Hyponephele narica ambialtaica Kosterin, 2002

Near Hovd, Dzungarian Gobi. Local. vi- vi.

Hyponephele naricina (Staudinger, 1870)

Dzungarian Gobi desert. Rare. vi-vii.

Hyponephele cadusina (Staudinger, 1881)

Different parts. Common. vi—vil.

Hyponephele interposita (Erschoff, 1874)

Recorded only in the Chinese part of Mongolian Altai — Dzhangyz-Agach (Meinhard

1910a).

Oeneis jutta (Hübner, 1806)

Oeneis jutta akoene Belik & Yakovlev, 1998

Ulegem and Ulyasutai gol Valleys (Meinhard 1910a; Tshikolovets et al. 2009). Local

and rare. vi—vil.

Oeneis magna Graeser, 1888

Oeneis magna eltgoli Yakovlev, 2006

Elt-Gol, Ulyastain-Gol and Kobdo-Gol Valleys. Very local and rare. vi—vil.

Oeneis norna (Thunberg, 1791)

Oeneis norna altaica Elwes, 1899

Elt-Gol and Chumek Valleys, Shadzgat-Nuruu Mountains. Very local and rare. vii.

Oeneis elwesi Staudinger, 1901

Oeneis elwesi devius Churkin & Yakovlev, 2005

Tsagan-Nuur Lake, Suok and Tsagduultai rivers Valley, Alag-Khairkhan Mt. Very local

and rare. vi—vil.

Nota lepi. 35(1): 51-96 85

Fig. 24. Erebia callias group: a: Erebia przhevalskii sp. n., holotype, S (upperside) (ZISP), b: Erebia

Gobi-Altai aimak, Khasagt-Khairkhan Mountains, 2700 m (RYB), f: Erebia chastilovi Churkin, 2003, ®,

(underside), g: Erebia chastilovi Churkin, 2003, 9, (upperside), same locality (RYB), h: Erebia chastilovi

(upperside) (RYB), I: Erebia chastilovi nomada ssp. n., paratype, 9 (underside), m: Erebia chastilovi no-

(RYB). Scale bar = 1 cm.

Oeneis ammon (Elwes, 1899)

Khoton-Nuur Lake, Elt-Gol Valley. Very local and rare. vii.

86 YAKOVLEV: Butterflies of the Mongolian Altai

Oeneis aktashi Lukhtanov, 1984

Khoton-Nuur Lake. Very rare and local. vii.

Oeneis temujin Churkin, 2003

Endemic species. Very rare and local. vi-vu.

Oeneis tarpeia (Pallas, 1771)

Tsengel-Khairkhan and Elt-Gol Valley only. Very rare and local. vii.

Oeneis nanna (Ménétriés, 1859)

Near Hovd and Khara-Adzragyn-Nuru Mountains. Very local and rare. vi—vii.

Oeneis sculda (Eversmann, 1851)

Elt-Gol Valley, Alag-Khairkhan Mt. and Khoton-Nur Lake. Very local. vi-vii.

Hipparchia autonoe (Esper, 1783)

Chinese part (Kairty Valley), Arshantyn-Nuruu and Sajlyugem Mountains. Local and

rare species. Vil.

Arethusana arethusa (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)

Arshantyn-Nuruu Mountains. Very local. vil.

Minois dryas (Scopoli, 1763)

Chinese part (Sara-Syumbe). Local. vii.

Pseudochazara hippolyte (Esper, 1784)

Central and southern parts of the Mongolian Altai. Very common. vu.

Pseudochazara pallida (Staudinger, 1901)

Only northern part of the Mongolian Altai (upper stream of Bulgan-Gol, Munkh-

Khairkhan Mt., near Ulegei). Common. vii.

Chazara briseis (Linnaeus, 1764)

Chinese part (Tsingil and Kairty rivers, Sara-Syumbe). Local. vil.

Chazara enervata (Staudinger, 1881)

Arshantyn-Nuruu Mountains. Very local. vii.

Chazara heydenreichi (Lederer, 1853)

Arshantyn-Nuruu Mountains, Mogoin-Gol Valley Very local. vii.

Nota lepi. 35(1): 51-96 87

Chazara kaufmanni (Erschoff, 1874)

Chazara kaufmanni doroshkini Yakovlev, 2004

Only in Dzungarian-Gobi and Bulgan-Gol Valley. Local. vii.

Neptis rivularis (Scopoli, 1763)

Elt-Gol Valley, Arshantyn-Nuruu Mountains, Tsagan-Kol Lake; Chinese part: Ulasty

and Krana Valleys. Local. vi-vıi.

Polygonia c-album (Linnaeus, 1758)

Bulgan-Gol Valley. Very local. vii.

Polygonia interposita (Staudinger, 1881)

Polygonia interposita adya Churkin, 2003

Elt-Gol Valley, Arshantyn-Nuruu Mountains, Mogoin-Gol Valley, Bulgan-Gol Valley.

Local and rare. vi.

Aglais urticae (Linnaeus, 1758)

Different parts. Common. v—vii.

Vanessa cardui (Linnaeus, 1758)

Different parts. Common. v-ix.

Euphydryas iduna (Dalman, 1816)

The subspecies sajana Higgins, 1950 in Khara-Belchir-Daba pass, Ulyastain-Gol Val-

ley. In the south (Arshantyn-Nuruu Mountains, Khan-Tajcharyn-Ula Mountains, Tzak-

hir-Khalgyn-Nuruu Mountains) — ssp. eremita Churkin, 2003. vi-vii.

Euphydryas ichnea (Boisduval, 1833)

Northern part (Tsengel-Khairkhan Mt., Elt-Gol Valley). Local. vi-vii.

Euphydryas aurinia (Rottemburg, 1775)

Two subspecies: ssp. altivolans Tuzov, 2000 (LT: [Russia], Altai, Severochujskij Mount-

ains, Sunkor Mt.) in highlands of the northern part of the Mongolian Altai (Elt-Gol

valley, Tsengel-Khairkhan Mt., 20 km S of Buyant-somon) (Fig. 33b) and asiatica

Staudinger, 1881 (LT: Ala-Tau [E. Kazakhstan, Dzhungarian Ala-Tau Mountains]) in

southern slopes of the Mongolian Altai (Arshantyn-Nuruu Mountains, Mogoin-Gol

Valley) (Fig. 33a).

Melitaea athalia (Rottemburg, 1775)

Tsagan-Kol Lake, Elt-Gol valley. Very local and rare. vii.

38 YAKOVLEV: Butterflies of the Mongolian Altai

Melitaea elenae Yakovlev, 2007

Arshantyn-Nuruu Mountains. Endemic and very

rare. VI.

Melitaea britomartis (Assmann, 1848)

Tsengel-Khairkhan Mountains, Elt-Gol Valley.

Rare. vi-vii.

Erebia przhevalskii, type locality Melitaea menetriesi C aradj a, 1 895

Erebia przhevalskii, distribution

Erebia chastilovi, type locality

Melitaea menetriesi centralasiae Wnukowsky, 1929

Erebia chastilovi, distribution

Erebia chastilovi nomada, type locality

»xmmeo,

Tsagan-Kol Lake. Very rare. vi-vii.

Erebia callias altajana, distribution

Fig. 25. Distribution of Erebia callias species ; :

complex in the Russian and Mongolian Altai. Melitaea rebeli Wnukowsky, 1929

Tsagan-Kol Lake, Very rare. vii.

Melitaea rhea Churkin & Devyatkin, 2005

Arshantyn-Nuruu Mountains, Shadzgat-Nuruu Mountains, Alag-Khairkhan Mountains.

Endemic and very rare. vi.

Melitaea diamina (Lang, 1789)

Melitaea diamina erycina Lederer, 1853

Arshantyn-Nuruu Mountains, Elt-Gol Valley. Rare.vi—vu.

Melitaea didyma (Esper, 1778)

Melitaea didyma turkestanica Sheljuzhko, 1929

Rare in the south Dzungarian slope, Dzungarian Gobi. V—vi.

Melitaea didymina Staudinger, 1895

Adzh-Bogdo Mountains, Sutai-Uul Mountains, Tajcharyn-Ula Mountains, near Hovd.

Local. vi—vii.

Melitaea yakovlevi Kolesnichenko, 2005

Arshantyn-Nuruu Mountains, Shadzgat-Nuruu Mountains. Very rare endemic species. vi.

Melitaea latonigena Eversmann, 1847

Melitaea latonigena altaica Grum-Grshimailo, 1893

Elt-Gol Valley. Rare and local. vii.

Melitaea didymoides Eversmann, 1847

Khara-us-Nuur Lake (Alberti 1971). Very rare. vi.

Nota lepi. 35(1): 51-96 89

Fig. 26. Hyponephele lycaon in the Mongolian Altai (males): a: ssp. smirnovi Yakovlev, 2004, paratype

(upper- and underside) (RYB), b: ssp. smirnovi Yakovlev, 2004, paratype (upper- and underside) (RYB),

ce: ssp. dmitrievae ssp. n., holotype (upper- and underside) (ZISP), d: ssp. dmitrievae ssp. n., paratype

(upper- and underside) (RYB), e: ssp. kerzhneri ssp. n., holotype (upper- and underside) (ZISP), f: ssp.

kerzhneri ssp. n., paratype (upper- and underside) (RYB).

Melitaea athene Staudinger, 1881.

Melitaea athene danae Churkin & Kolesnichenko, 2005

Arshantyn-Nuruu, Mogoin-Gol Valley. Very rare. vi—vii.

90 YAKOVLEV: Butterflies of the Mongolian Altai

Melitaea trivia (Denis et Schiffermiiller, 1775)

Melitaea trivia singularia Korshunov, 1995

Arshantyn-Nuruu Mountains. Very rare. vi.

Melitaea cinxia (Linnaeus, 1758)

Two subspecies: tschujaca Seitz, 1908 (northern and central part) and mogoin Churkin &

Kolesnichenko, 2005 (southern slope). Local. vi.

Melitaea arcesia Bremer, 1861

Two subspecies: minor Elwes, 1899 (northern part) and dea Churkin & Kolesnichenko,

2003 (southern slope and central part). Local. vi-vii.

Melitaea phoebe (Denis & Schiffermiiller, 1775)

Melitaea phoebe streltzovi Kolesnichenko & Yakovlev, 2004

Western part of the Dzungarian Gobi, Bulgan-Gol Valley. Local. vi-vii.

Clossiana eunomia (Esper, 1799)

Clossiana eunomia asiatica (Staudinger, 1901)

Rather common. vi—vil.

Clossiana selenis (Eversmann, 1937)

Clossiana selenis sibirica (Erschoff, 1870)

Kairty and Elt-Gol Valleys. Local. vı- vil.

Clossiana selene (Denis & Schiffermiiller, 1775)

Elt-Gol Valley. Rare and local. vu.

Clossiana euphrosyne (Linnaeus, 1758)

Clossiana euphrosyne umbra Seitz, 1908

Chingiztei and Elt-Gol. Local. vi-vii.

Clossiana freija (Thunberg, 1791)

Clossiana freija pallida (Elwes, 1899)

Elt-Gol and Shadzgat-Nuruu. Local and rare. vi—vil.

Clossiana frigga (Thunberg, 1791)

Clossiana frigga alpestris (Elwes, 1899)

Elt-Gol Valley. Rare and local. vii.

Clossiana dia (Linnaeus, 1758)

Clossiana dia alpina Elwes, 1899

Chumek, Hoton-Nuur and Elt-Gol. Local. vi-vii.

Nota lepi. 35(1): 51-96 9]

Clossiana titania (Esper, 1793)

Clossiana titania staudingeri (Wnukowsky, 1929)

Kobdo-Gol Valley. Local. vil.

Clossiana tritonia (Boeber, 1812)

Clossiana tritonia matveevi Korshunov & Gorbunov, 1995

Only one male near Tsagan-Kol lake. Very rare. vii. The subspecific rank of matveevi

has been established (Dubatolov & Kosterin, 2010).

Boloria frigidalis Warren, 1944

Elt-Gol. Very rare. vii.

* Boloria roddi Kosterin, 2000

Known from various parts of the Russian Altai, bordering with Mongolia (Ukok, Chuya

valley, Koksu Valley).

Boloria altaica (Grum-Grshimailo, 1893)

Alpine formations of the Mongolian Altai. Rare. vi—vil.

Kuekenthaliella eugenia (Eversmann, 1847)

Malyj Sinij Irtysh Valley and Kobdo lake. Very local and rare. vi.

Issoria lathonia (Linnaeus, 1758)

Sara-Syumbe, Arshantyn-Nuruu Mountains, Dayan-Nuur and Tsengel-Khairkhan

Mountains. Rare. vi—vil.

Brenthis ino (Rottemburg, 1775)

Brenthis ino paidicus Fruhstorfer, 1907

Local in Elt-Gol Valley, Arshantyn-Nuruu Mountains. Local. vi—vil.

Brenthis daphne (Denis & Schiffermiiller, 1775)

Recorded in the Chinese part (Meinhard, 1910) — Kok-Tegey Valley. Very local. vii.

Brenthis hecate (Denis & Schifermiiller, 1775)

Brenthis hecate warreni Kudrna, 1974

Arshantyn-Nuruu Mountains. Local. vi.

Argynnis niobe (Linnaeus, 1758)

Argynnis niobe barkhatovi P. Gorbunov, 1995

Kobdo Lake and Malyj Sinij Irtysh Valley. Very local. vil.

Argynnis adippe (Rottemburg, 1775)

Chinese part (Malyj Sinij Irtysh Valley), Local. vii.

02 YAKOVLEV: Butterflies of the Mongolian Altai

Argynnis aglaja (Linnaeus, 1758)

Common in northern and central parts, vii.

Conclusions

Alltogether 178 butterfly species (Hesperiidae:

17; Papilionidae: 5; Pieridae: 17; Lycaenidae:

50; Nymphalidae: 86) have been recorded in

the Mongolian Altai. Another six species are

listed as possible.

\ es The butterfly fauna of the Mongolian Altai

Fig. 27. Distribution of Hyponephele lycaon in comprises the following elements: Transpa-

the Mongolian Altai. laearctic, West Palaearctic, East Palaearctic,

Dzhungarian, Southern Siberian, and Mongol-

ian, as well as endemic species (16 species, or 9% of the total). Streching from the

northwest to southeast, the Mongolian Altai is an important border for species distribu-

tion. Depending on their exposure, different habitats in the high zone result in substan-

tially different fauna.

@ ssp. smirnovi, type locality

Œ ss. dmitrievae, type locality

tk ssp. kerzhneri, type locality

Acknowledgements

I am indebted to Drs Elena Guskova, Vasilij Anikin, Petr Ustyuzhanin, Alexandr Shmakov, Sergej Smirnov,

Dmitrij German, Sergej Djachenko, Petr Kosachev, Beket Ulugvanuly, Mr. Vyacheslav Doroshkin, Vadim

Tschikolovets, Alexandr Shalimov, Dmitrij Ryzhkov, Ilja Sherin, Sergej Churkin, Colonel Grigorij Kha-

biev and to our drivers M. Sidorov and V. Yevdoshenko for helping us reach the most inaccessible parts of

Altai, Sayan, Kazakhstan, and Mongolia. I also thank two anonymous reviewers whose comments helped

improve the manuscript. |

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Nota lepi. 35(1): 97-107 97

Taxonomic and distributional remarks on some Palaearctic

Cydia of the succedana-group with descriptions of two new

species (Tortricidae)

Boyan ZLATKOV! & YurIY BUDASHKIN ?

| Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Faculty of Biology, Dept. of Zoology and Anthropology,

8 Dragan Tsankov Blvd., BG-1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; bzlatkov@gmail.com

2 Karadagh Nature Reserve, Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, Kurortnoye, Feodosia, Crimea,

98188, Ukraine; budashkin@ukr.net

Received 5 October 2011; reviews returned 12 January 2012; accepted 22 February 2012.

Subject Editor: Jadranka Rota.

Abstract. Two new species, Cydia transcaucasica sp. n. and Cydia suffuscana sp. n., and a new subspe-

cies, Cydia centralasiae elegantana ssp. n. are described and illustrated. We propose the synonymy of

Grapholitha succedana major Caradja, 1916 with Laspeyresia pamira Obraztsov, 1943; the valid name of

the taxon is Cydia major (Caradja, 1916). Laspeyresia pamira centralasiae Obraztsov, 1949 is a distinct

species of the succedana-group, and its valid name is Cydia centralasiae (Obraztsov, 1949) stat. nov. =

Cydia intexta (Kuznetzov, 1962), syn. nov.

Introduction

The succedana-group is one of the most difficult species complexes within Cydia in

regards to correct species-level identifications. The status of some described taxa is

unclear, with only subtle differences in facies and genitalia among some of the species.

Nearly twenty species of the succedana-group are recorded from the Palaearctic, most

of which occur in the Mediterranean area (Caradja 1916; Kennel 1921; Obraztsov 1943,

1949, 1959; Kuznetzov 1962; Danilevsky & Kuznetzov 1968; Sauter 1968; Capuse

1970; Diakonoff 1976; Gibeaux 1983; Burmann & Pröse 1988; Prose 1988; Aarvik &

Karsholt 1993; Komai 1999; Razowski 2003; Brown 2005).

A single specimen of the succedana-group with unusual colouration and wing pat-

tern was collected on April 24, 2007 during a field trip to SW Bulgaria. We suspected

that it represented an undescribed species, but additional material was needed before

we could be certain. We collected three additional specimens from the same locality in

2008 and a longer series in 2010. An examination of their genitalia provided evidence

that they belong to a new species, a description of which is given below. The speci-

mens showed similarity with some Centralasiatic and Transcaucasian taxa from the

succedana-group, which led us to study the types and other material of these taxa from

the collections of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the

Zoological Museum of the Taras Shevchenko National University, and the Museum of

Natural History “Grigore Antipa”. As a result, we conclude that: 1) Laspeyresia pamira

Obraztsov, 1943 is conspecific with Grapholitha succedana major Caradja, 1916 and

the valid name of this taxon is Cydia major (Caradja, 1916); 2) the Transcaucasian spec-

imen of Laspeyresia pamira Obraztsov, 1943 sensu Danilevsky & Kuznetzov (1968:

Nota lepidopterologica, 25.04.2012, ISSN 0342-7536

98 ZLATKOV & BUDASHKIN: Cydia succedana-group

501, fig. 362b) is a new species; 3) Laspeyresia pamira centralasiae Obraztsov, 1949

is a distinct species, and the valid name of this taxon 1s Cydia centralasiae (Obraztsov,

1949) stat. nov. = Cydia intexta (Kuznetzov, 1962), syn. nov.; and 4) 18 specimens

of Laspeyresia pamira from Zailıyskiy Alatau, Issyk sensu Danilevsky & Kuznetzov

(1968: 502) belong to a new subspecies, Cydia centralasiae elegantana ssp. n.

Methods

Material from Bulgaria was collected with an aerial entomological net during afternoon when

the moths were active and at light traps using UV fluorescent tubes. Genitalia dissections were

made using standard procedures (Robinson 1976). For vesica eversion, the technique described

by Zlatkov (2011) was applied.

Abbreviations

MNHGA National Museum of Natural History “Grigore Antipa” (Bucharest, Romania)

NMNHS National Museum of Natural History (Sofia, Bulgaria)

ZISP Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (St. Petersburg, Russia)

ZMKU — Zoological Museum of the Taras Shevchenko National University (Kiev, Ukraine)

Cydia major (Caradja, 1916), stat. rev.

= Cydia pamira (Obraztsov, 1943), syn. nov.

Popescu-Gorj’, MNHGA. - Paralectotypes: 9, with three labels: ‘Alai Geb. | 1905, Korb’; ‘Allolectotypus

MNHGA. 9, with four labels: ‘Shugnan (Pamir oc.) | mts ad fl. Shach- dara | (prope Chorog. supra pag. |

‘cotypus’; ‘pamira Obr. | 9, N. Obraztsov det’; ‘Lectotype | Laspeyresia pamira Obr. | des. B. Zlatkov &

XXXII, 1943, t. IX, f. 5’; ‘Paralectotype | Laspeyresia pamira Obr. | des. B. Zlatkov & Yu. Budashkin’,

ZMKU. 9, with five labels: ‘Shugnan (Pamir oc.) | mts ad fl. Shach-dara | (prope Chorog. supra pag. |

‘cotypus’; ‘pamira Obr. 9, N. Obraztsov det’; ‘figurat. in: | Mitt. Münch. Ent. Ges. | XX XIII, 1943, t. IX,

labels: “Shugnan (Pamir oc.) | mts ad fl. Shach-dara (prope Chorog. supra pag. | Chabost) | 2800-3000 m,

19.vi.1937 | L. Sheljuzhko et | N. Pavlitzkaja leg. | Mus. Zool. | Univers. Kijev’; ‘cotypus’; ‘pamira Obr.

| &, N. Obraztsov det’ ‘Paralectotype | Laspeyresia pamira Obr. | des. B. Zlatkov & Yu. Budashkin’,

det’; ‘figurat. in: | Mitt. Münch. Ent. Ges. | XX XIII, 1943, p. 106, f. 14 | (genitalia)’; ‘Paralectotype |

m | Chatkal’sk. gorno- | lesnoy zap. Uzbek. | 9.vi.963, Sugonjaev’ — in Russian; ‘ostepnjon. ju. | sklon s

kustarn. | 1 archjoi’ — in Russian; ‘Laspeyresia | pamira Obr. [V. I. Kuznetzov hand]’, ZISP.

Taxonomic, morphological, and distributional remarks. The original description of

major Caradja, 1916 is: “G[rapholitha] succedana var. major Ral. <sic> 1. |. ist eine

Nota lepi. 35(1): 97-107 99

at, ne Erf Ges

ANKM, “PFI, p-

CaaS Bew let,

rid ete Suuma Valley

20m Net raz E2s 0027

06.05.2010, flying 14.15 h

Jeg, B, Ziatkov & O. Sivilov

. a

3. Cydia transcaucasica sp.n., S (holotype, Azerbaijan: Germachatah). 4. Cydia suffuscana sp. n., (holo-

type, SW Bulgaria: Kresna Gorge). 5. Cydia suffuscana sp. n., Q (paratype, SW Bulgaria: Kresna Gorge).

6. The habitat of Cydia suffuscana sp. n. in Kresna Gorge. 7. Laspeyresia pamira centralasiae Obraztsov,

lotype, Western Kazakhstan). 9. Cydia centralasiae elegantana ssp. n., S (holotype, Eastern Kazakhstan:

Zailijskij Alatau). a, imago; b, labels.

schöne, bedeutend grössere Form, mit sehr breitem Dorsalfleck und sehr stark weiss

2 9Q) from Western Pamir (Shugnan) (Obraztsov 1943: 105). An examination of all

type material reveals that these two taxa are conspecific (Figs 1, 2). This species is the

largest representative of the succedana-group (forewing length 8.7—11.5 mm). The

most diagnostic character of the male genitalia is the process of the phallus which is

very large, 0.3—0.4 the length of the distal part of the phallus (Fig. 10). The shape of

the valva and its structures are also diagnostic, especially the angle of the sacculus

(without a distinct tooth), the relatively deep ventral incision of the valva, and the small

cucullus. However, the inferior angle of the cucullus may bear a short tooth, or this

100 ZLATKOV & BUDASHKIN: Cydia succedana-group

structure may be absent (individual varıation). The female genitalia of this species are

distinguished by a long, relatively narrow and undivided postvaginal plate (postostial

part of sterigma) (Fig. 15).

The identities of these two taxa were established by Obraztsov (1959); he proposed

C. pamira (Obraztsov, 1943) as the valid name for them because he considered C.

major (Caradja, 1916) as already occupied and unavailable. However, major (Caradja,

1916) was not previously used in this genus by other authors. Consequently, we con-

sider the name C. major (Caradja, 1916) the oldest one for these taxa, and therefore this

name has the priority. We establish Cydia pamira (Obraztsov, 1943), syn. nov. as the

new synonym of Cydia major (Caradja, 1916), stat. rev. An examination of museum

specimens revealed that C. major (Caradja, 1916) is limited to Kyrgyzstan (Alai Mts.),

Uzbekistan (Chatkal Mts.), and Tajikistan (Pamir: Shugnan).

Cydia transcaucasica Budashkin & Zlatkov, sp. n.

Description. Adult (Fig. 3). Head: Vertex, frons, and antennae covered with pale-grey-

ish scales; labial palpi pale-greyish with terminal segment darker. Thorax: Covered

with pale-greyish scales; forewing length 8.5 mm; forewing narrow, apically angled;

upperside of the wing with basal field almost grey with several indistinct lighter trans-

verse lines; dorsal patch very large, apically extended to the wing apex, with indistinct

boundaries, whitish in colour, having two or three grey, indistinct dividing lines present

only near the anal edge of the wing; main colour of external wing field dark grey;

numerous (approximately nine) pairs of white costal strigulae present on costal edge

from the basal part to the apex, the distal three or four strigulae more distinct; five short

subcostal metallic lines with whitish-grey lustre start from the fifth to the ninth pair of

costal strigulae; the first of these lines connected with the internal line of the speculum,

the third and the fifth almost reach the external line of speculum; lines of the speculum

have the same colour; the external line of speculum divided into two sections the inferi-

or of which shorter than the superior one; four or five small black lines (or rows of large

dots) present in the speculum; three small blackish spots located between dorsal patch

and internal line of speculum; relatively indistinct creamy-whitish subapical (postapi-

cal strigula) and subterminal markings present; cilia paler than the main wing colour;

hindwing brownish-grey; cilia brownish-grey with darker basal line. Abdomen: Male

genitalia (Fig. 11) with relatively broad valva, costa almost straight; ventral incision

relatively shallow with round angles; sacculus angle obtuse, lacking a tooth; cucullus

almost as wide as basal part of valva; inferior angle of cucullus rounded, lacking tooth;

distal half of sacculus, neck of valva and inferior edge of cucullus covered with short

scale-like setae; cucullus densely covered with long hair-like setae; phallus straight in

distal part, bearing short, smooth process on right side, about 0.2 times length of distal

part of phallus; vesica with some small cornuti.

Female. Unknown.

Diagnosis. Externally, C. transcaucasica sp. n. is easily distinguished by its relatively

large wingspan, light colouration, and very large whitish dorsal patch. The male genita-

Nota lepi. 35(1): 97-107 101

lia are most similar to C. albipicta (Sauter, 1968), but valva broader; C. transcaucasica

sp. n. have a short and smooth process of the phallus, which is lacking in C. albipicta.

Sexual dimorphism is unknown (the species is known from male only).

Habitat. Unknown.

Distribution. Known from the type locality only: Transcaucasia, Azerbaijan, Nakhi-

chivan, Germachata.

Life history. The holotype was collected on 22.v1.1937.

Etymology. The name is derived from the type locality in Transcaucasia.

Cydia suffuscana Zlatkov & Budashkin, sp. n.

41°47’42” E 23°09’27” | 06.05.2010, flying 14—15 h | leg. B. Zlatkov & O. Sivilov’, ‘HOLOTYPUS |

Cydia suffuscana | det. B. Zlatkov & Yu. Budashkin 2010’ [red label]; two plastic containers with genitalia

and a plastic slide with abdominal sclerites are attached beneath the specimen, NMNHS. — Paratypes:

E023°09.39° | 24.04.2007, 16-21 h’, ‘BC SB Lep 0079’, ‘PARATYPUS | Cydia suffuscana | det. B.

Zlatkov & Yu. Budashkin 2010 [red label]’, coll. B. Zlatkov. 10°, 1 Q each with two labels: ‘SW Bulgaria,

Strouma Valley | Kresna Gorge “The Old Way” | 300 m N 41°47’20” E 23°09°06” | 04.05.2008 by net |

leg. B. Zlatkov & O. Sivilov’, ‘PARATYPUS | Cydia suffuscana | det. B. Zlatkov & Yu. Budashkin 2010

[red label]’, coll. Yu. Budashkin. 1 Q with three labels: ‘SW Bulgaria, Strouma Valley | Kresna Gorge

“The Old Way” | 300 m N 41°47’20” E 23°09°06” | 04.05.2008 by net | leg. B. Zlatkov & O. Sivilov’,

‘BC SB Lep 0080’, ‘PARATYPUS | Cydia suffuscana | det. B. Zlatkov & Yu. Budashkin 2010 [red label]’,

N 41°47’42” E 23°09’27” | 06.05.2010, flying 14-15 h | leg. B. Zlatkov & O. Sivilov’, ‘PARATYPUS

2 99 coll. Yu. Budashkin. 1 9 with two labels: ‘SW Bulgaria, Struma Valley | Kresna Gorge | 280 m N

41°47°53” E 23°09’26” | 06.05.2010, net | leg. B. Zlatkov & O. Sivilov’, ‘“PARATYPUS | Cydia suffusca-

“SW Bulgaria, Struma Valley | Kresna Gorge | 280 m N 41°47’42” E 23°09°27” | 06.05.2010, in light trap

| leg. B. Zlatkov & O. Sivilov’, ‘PARATYPUS | Cydia suffuscana | det. B. Zlatkov & Yu. Budashkin 2010

[red label]’, NMNHS.

Description. Adult (Figs 4, 5). Head: Scales around the compound eyes and labial palpi

light grey with terminal joint darker; the remaining part of head covered with grey-

brown scales; antennae dark brown, almost black. Thorax: Patagia and tegula dark-

brown, almost black; forewing length 6.8—7.1 mm in males, 7.2—7.5 mm in females;

forewing relatively wide and rounded, apically more angled in males and rounder and

wider in females; basal field almost black, with 2—3 indistinct lighter transverse lines;

dorsal patch distinct, with rough boundaries, white with light creamy hue; two or three

grey-brown transverse lines divided by darker intermediate lines starting from two

pairs of grey costal strigulae and ending at the dorsal patch; distal five pairs of costal

strigulae with the same colour as dorsal patch; the last with a dark-grey dividing line,

present only near the anal edge of the wing; main colouration of external wing field

dark-brown, consisting of brown scales with ochreous tips; two subcostal metallic lines

with bluish lustre extending from fifth and seventh costal strigulae, not connected to

concolorous lines of speculum; external line of speculum divided into two sections,

inferior of which almost half as long as superior; speculum with four or five black lines,

scales between lines light ochreous with brown bases; two oblong black spots, some-

times adjoining at their superior ends, located between dorsal patch and internal line of

speculum; creamy-white or yellowish postapical strigula present, sometimes divided

102 ZLATKOV & BUDASHKIN: Cydia succedana-group

into two spots; two other concolorous

markings sometimes present in termen

alongside inferior ends of sections of

external speculum line; cilia slightly

paler than the main wing colour; hind-

wing dark-brown with paler base; cilia

brownish-grey with darker basal line.

Abdomen: Dark-brown, almost black.

Male genitalia (Fig. 12). Costa almost

straight, slightly concave; inferior

edge with shallow incision with round

angles; sacculus angle obtuse, lack-

ing tooth; width of valva in basal area

approximately three-quarters width

at cucullus; cucullus relatively large;

inferior angle of cucullus rounded, ei-

ther without tooth or with two or three

minute teeth; one of paratypes with

distinct tooth on each valva (Fig. 13);

distal half of sacculus, neck of valvae,

Figs 10-11. Male genitalia of representatives of succe- and inferior edge of cucullus covered

dana-group. 10. Laspeyresia pamira Obraztsov, 1943, with short scale-like setae and dense

male genitalia (paralectotype, Tajikistan: Western Pamir).

11. Cydia transcaucasica sp. n., male genitalia (holotype, Covering of long hair-like setae; phal-

Azerbaijan: Germachata). After Danilevsky & Kuznetzov | 1 mm in leneth. straight in dis-

(1968), Fig. 362 b, left valva added after the genitalia Pint ONE ; le ei

slide. tal part, bearing short smooth process

ca. 0.25 times as long as distal part of

phallus, distal third of phallus membraneous ventrally; everted vesica of the holotype

(Figs 12b, c) ca. 0.35 mm in length, with cylindrical proximal part and bulbous distal

part; gonopore apically located; one small seta located subdorsally on the border be-

tween the two parts of vesica; bulbous part bearing two groups of (fixed?) cornuti, larger

group consisting of 5 dorsolaterally located (on the left side), smaller group consisting of

two almost flat cornuti longer than those of larger group located ventrolaterally (on the

right side); all cornuti oriented anteriorly. Female genitalia (Fig. 14) with genital plate

(anteostial part of sterigma) with slightly convex anterior edge with triangular incisions,

convergent lateral edges, and deeply incised posterior edge; incision of posterior edge

round, about 2/3 as long as plate; entire surface of genital plate covered with numerous

pore-like structures; plate well sclerotised except for band around ostium; postvaginal

plate (postostial part of sterigma) as long as genital plate, twice as long as wide; plate

narrowed in postmedial area, then widened, with rough posterior edge; ductus bursae

with sclerotised plate (cingulum) on ventral face and right side, reaching ductus semi-

nalis; end of ductus bursae with an asymmetrical zone of numerous sclerotised spines

— right part longer and closer to ductus seminalis; signa equal in size, relatively short.

Diagnosis. Externally, C. suffuscana sp. n. is easily distinguished by its relatively large

wingspan, wide wings, dark colouration, and distinctly outlined white dorsal patch.

Nota lepi. 35(1): 97-107 103

In the male genitalia, the new species

is similar to C. major (especially the

form of the valva and the size of the

cucullus), but C. suffuscana sp. n. has

a much smaller lateral process of the

phallus and a shallower ventral inci-

sion of the valva. In the female genita-

lia, the sterigma in both species is also

similar, but the genital plate is more

sclerotised in C. suffuscana sp. n. and

differs in the shape of the postostial

part of the sterigma. The colouration

of C. suffuscana sp. n. readily differ-

entiates it from all other similar spe-

cies of the succedana group. Sexual

dimorphism is almost absent.

Habitat (Fig. 6). All specimens were

collected in a small area of the Kresna

Gorge in southwestern Bulgaria. In

general, the gorge is dry and rocky,

Figs 12-13. Male genitalia of Cydia suffuscana sp. n. but the specimens were collected in

12. Holotype (SW Bulgaria: Kresna Gorge); a, genitalia

with phallus removed; b, c, phallus with vesica everted, a relatively humid, shady gully one

enlarged; b, lateral view; c, dorsal view. 13. Paratype steep, rocky slope at 300 m altitude.

(SW Bulgaria: Kresna Gorge). The moths were collected at late af-

ternoon flying around rocks. A few

specimens were collected in a light trap, 1.e., they also are active at night. The dominant

plants are Tilia sp. and Lunaria sp., with Jasminum fruticans L., Coronilla emerus L.,

Pistacia terebinthus L., and Quercus pubescens Willd. as minor components. A single

female was collected from a similar gully 300 m to the north.

Distribution. Known only from the type locality.

Life history. Host plants unknown. Moths were collected from late April through early

May.

Etymology. The specific name comes from the Latin word suffuscus (=brownish, dark)

because of the main colour of the moth.

KR NOT

su) NSS

= N NS

Cydia centralasiae (Obraztsov, 1949), stat. n., bona sp.

= Cydia intexta (Kuznetzov, 1962), syn. nov.

Obr. | des. B. Zlatkov & Yu. Budashkin’ (ZMKU). Paratype 9, with six labels: ‘Tian-Shan oc. | jug.

Karzhantau | prope Kzyl-topoch | 23.vi.1940 | V. Obuchova leg. | Mus. Zool. Univers. Kijev.'; ‘Karzhantau

| na tipchak. | stepi pod Kzyl topoch | 23.vi.1940, Obuchova’ — in Russian; ‘autotypus’; ‘Laspeyresia |

pamira tshimgana Obr.’; ‘9, tshimgana Obr. | N. Obraztsov det.’; ‘Paratype | Laspeyresia pamira | cen-

104 ZLATKOV & BUDASHKIN: Cydia succedana-group

Kazahstanskaja obl. | Kamenskij r-n | okolo vysoty 251 | 24.V.1949, na svet | M. F. Martynova’- in Russian;

SSR | Ashhabadskaja obl., okr. Kara-Kala | Igdezhdik i sev. sklon g. Sjunt | 400-900 m, 25.iv.1953,

V.I. Kuznetsov’ — in Russian; ‘Paratypus | Laspeyresia intexta Kuzn. | V. Kuznetzov det.’, ZISP. 3 GC,

‘Ukraine, zapovednik | “Kamennyje Mogily” | 5, 10,14.06.1995, na svet | leg. A. Zhakov’ — in Russian,

m N41°39’01” E023°15’05” | 20.05.2008 at light | leg. B. Zlatkov’, coll. B. Zlatkov. 1 9, ‘BG, Strouma

valley | Roupite place near Petrich, | Kozhuh hill, 100 m | N41°27.867° E23°15.425’ | 13.05.2006, 19-22

h | leg. B. Zlatkov’, coll. B. Zlatkov. 1 9, ‘SW Bulgaria, Strouma Valley | Roupite place near Petrich — |

voleanic hill of Kozhuh | 200 m N41°27.72’ E023°15’50’ | 15.05.2007’, coll. B. Zlatkov. 3 Go, 2 99,

‘SW Bulgaria, Strouma Valley | Roupite place near Petrich — | volcanic hill of Kozhuh | 200 m N41°27°39”

E23°15’24” | 19.05.2008 at light | leg. B. Zlatkov’, coll. B. Zlatkov.

Morphological and taxonomic remarks. The taxon centralasiae Obraztsov, 1949 was

described as a subspecies of Laspeyresia pamira (Obraztsov, 1943) from the Western

Tian-Shan mountains (Eastern Uzbekistan) based on two specimens (the male holotype

and a female paratype) (Obraztsov 1949). The genitalia slide of the holotype is miss-

ing. The taxon intexta Kuznetzov, 1962 was described from 14 males from Western

Kazakhstan (type locality), Southern Ural, Turkmenistan, and Austria. Razowski (2003)

described the female of C. intexta from Turkmenistan. After studying the above-cited

material and publications, we conclude that these two taxa are conspecific. This species

has a forewing length of 6.5—7.5 mm and has typical succedana-group forewing col-

ouration (with a moderate whitish dorsal patch) (Figs 7, 8). A specific character in the

male genitalia (Fig. 17) is the small lateral process of the phallus, situated on the right

side near the middle. The process is ca. 0.17—0.25 times the length of the distal part of

the phallus. The ventral incision of the valva is very deep, the sacculus angle lacks a

tooth, and the cucullus is comparatively large. A short tooth may be present or absent

at the inferior angle of the cucullus (individual variation). The everted vesica pointed

ventrolaterally, with widened middle section bearing a compact group of four fixed

socketed cornuti subdorsally located and a single subventral cornutus. In the female

genitalia, the postvaginal plate (postostial part of sterigma) is relatively short, wide,

and undivided (Fig. 16).

Distribution. Spain, France, Italy, Switzerland, Austria, Czech Republic, Slovakia,

Bulgaria, Ukraine, Russia (Middle Volga reg., Volgo-Don reg., S. Ural), Turkmenistan,

Western Kazakhstan (Zlatkov & Budashkin 2010), Eastern Uzbekistan, Eastern

Kazakhstan (distinct ssp. n. — see below).

Cydia centralasiae elegantana Budashkin & Zlatkov, ssp. n.

Description. Adult (Fig. 9). Head: Covered with greyish scales; labial palpi pale grey

with darker terminal segment; antennae with greyish scales. Thorax: Greyish; fore-

wing length 6.5-7.0 mm; forewing very narrow, angled apically; basal field greyish

with several indistinct paler transverse lines; dorsal patch relatively narrow, barely ex-

tending to apex, with distinct boundaries and whitish colour; dorsal patch with two or

Nota lepi. 35 (1): 97-107 105

Figs 14-16. Female genitalia of representatives of succedana-group. 14. Cydia suffuscana sp. n., female

genitalia (paratype from Fig. 5). 15. Grapholitha succedana major Caradja, 1916, female genitalia (para-

lectotype, Kyrgyzstan: Alaigebirge). 16. Cydia centralasiae (Obraztsov, 1949), stat. n., bona sp., female

genitalia (SW Bulgaria: Kozhuh hill).

three indistinct grey dividing lines near anal edge of wing; main colouration of external

wing field dark-grey; numerous (approximately nine) pairs of white costal strigulae on

costa from base to apex, four to five distally located strigulae more distinct; five to six

short subcostal metallic lines with lead-grey lustre from fifth to ninth pairs of costal

strigulae; first of lines connected with internal line of speculum, third and fifth lines

almost reaching external line of speculum; speculum lines concolorous; external line of

speculum divided into two sections, inferior section shorter than superior; four to seven

comparatively large black lines (or relatively large spots) in speculum; seven to nine

relatively large blackish spots between dorsal patch and internal line of speculum; dis-

tinct, creamy-whitish subapical and subterminal markings present; cilia paler than main

wing colour; hindwing greyish with darker distal part; cilia greyish, with darker basal

line. Abdomen: Male genitalia with valva comparatively short, wide; costa slightly con-

cave; ventral incision deep; sacculus angle lacking tooth; cucullus larger than basal part

of valva; short tooth present or absent at inferior angle of cucullus (individual varia-

tion); distal half of sacculus, neck of valvae, and inferior edge of cucullus covered with

short scale-like and long hair-like setae; phallus straight in distal part, bearing short

106 ZLATKOV & BUDASHKIN: Cydia succedana-group

smooth process on right side; process

ca. 0.17-0.25 as long as distal part of

phallus; some small cornuti present in

vesica.

Female. Unknown.

Diagnosis. C. centralasiae elegantana

ssp. n. can be distinguished from the

nominate subspecies by its narrow-

er and more contrasting forewing and

its paler hindwing. The male genita-

lia are nearly identical to those of C.

centralasiae centralasiae (Obraztsov,

1949). Sexual dimorphism is unknown

(known from male only).

Habitat. Type series was collected at

1000-1100 m.

Distribution. Known from the type

locality only: Eastern Kazakhstan, Zai-

lijskiy Alatau, Issyk.

Life history. The type series was col-

lected 26—28.v.1957.

Fig. 17. Male genitalia of Cydia centralasiae (Obraztsov, Etymology. The subspecific name

1949), stat. n., bona sp. (SW Bulgaria: Kozhuh hill); a, Gomes from relatively narrow and fine-

genitalia with phallus removed; b, c, phallus with vesica :

everted, enlarged; b, lateral view; c, dorsal view. ly contrasted forewings (from Latin:

elegans = elegant, fine, handsome).

Remarks. According to Danilevsky & Kuznetzov (1968: 502), M. I. Falkovitsh col-

lected 18 specimens of this taxon in 1957; however, we could find only 12 of the speci-

mens in ZISP.

Acknowledgements

We thank Oleksiy V. Bidzilya (Kiev, Ukraine), Igor Yu. Kostyuk (Kiev, Ukraine), Alexander L. Lvovsky

(Sankt-Petersbourg, Russia), Svetlana V. Nedoshivina (Sankt-Petersbourg, Russia), Sergey Yu. Sinev

(Sankt-Petersbourg, Russia), and Ionut Iorgu (Bucharest, Romania) for various assistance during our work.

We thank Colin W. Plant (Bishops Stortford, England) for linguistic help and John Brown (Washington

D.C., USA) and Joaquin Baixeras (Valencia, Spain) for precious comments on an earlier version of the

manuscript.

References

Aarvik, L. & O. Karsholt 1993. New and little known Grapholitini (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) from the

Mediterranean area. — Nota lepidopterologica 15 (3/4): 164-178.

Brown, J. 2005. World Catalogue of Insects, Vol. 5, Tortricidae (Lepidoptera). — Apollo Books, Stenstrup.

741 pp.

Burmann, K. & H. Pröse 1988. Eine neue Cydia aus den Siidalpen: Cydia cythisanthana n. sp. — Studi tren-

tini di scienze naturali 64: 91—99.

Nota lepi. 35(1): 97-107 107

Cäpuse, J. 1970. Deux nouvelles espèces de Laspeyresia Hbn. (Lep. Tortricidae). — Travaux du Muséum

National d'Histoire Naturelle Grigore Antipa 10: 141-145.

Caradja, A. 1916. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der geographischen Verbreitung der Pyraliden und Tortriciden des

europäischen Faunengebietes, nebst Beschreibung neuerer Formen. — Deutsche entomologische Zeit-

schrift Iris 30: 1-88.

Danilevsky, A. & V. Kuznetzov 1968. Listoviortki — Tortricidae triba plodozhorki Laspeyresiini. In: By-

hovsky, B. E. (ed.), Fauna SSSR. Nasekomyie cheshuyekrylyie 5 (1). — Nauka, Leningrad. 635 p. [In

Russian]

Diakonoff, A. 1976. New and rare Mediterranean Laspeyresiini collected by Dr. J. Klimesch (Lepidoptera,

Tortricidae). — Zoologische Mededelingen 50 (6): 91-105.

Gibeaux, C. 1983. Cydia vallesiaca Sauter, Cydia dioszeghyi Cäpuse, especes nouvelles pour la faune fran-

çaise, et description de la femelle de dioszeghyi. Nouvelles localités françaises pour C. albipicta Sauter

(Lep. Tortricidae). — Entomologica gallica 1 (1): 29-34.

Kennel, J. 1921. Die Palaearktischen Tortriciden. — E. Schweizerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart.

742 pp., 24 pls.

Komai, F. 1999. A taxonomic review of the genus Grapholita and allied genera (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

in the Palaearctic region. — Entomologica Scandinavica 55 (suppl.): 1—219.

Kuznetzov, V. I. 1962. Neue Palaearktische Arten der Gattung Laspeyresia Hb. (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). —

Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie 41 (3): 627-642.

Obraztsov, N. 1943. Lepidopterologische Ergebnisse der Pamir-Expedition des Kiewer Zoologischen Mu-

seums in Jahre in 1937. 11. Tortricidae. — Mitteilungen der Münchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft

33 (1): 85-108.

Obraztsov, N. 1949. Neue und wenig bekannte Tortriciden-Arten und -Formen. — Mitteilungen der Miin-

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Obraztsov, N. 1959. Die Gattungen der palaearktischen Tortricidae. II. Die Unterfamilie Olethreutinae.

Teil 2. — Tijdschrift voor entomologie 102 (2): 175-216.

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Razowski, J. 2003. Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) of Europe. Vol. 2. Olethreutinae. — Slamka, Bratislava. 301

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Sauter, W. 1968. Neue Arten der Laspeyresia succedana Schiff.-Gruppe (Lep. Tortricidae). — Mitteilungen

der Schweizerischen entomologischen Gesellschaft 40 (3/4): 226-239.

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crolepidoptera. — Entomologist’s Gazette 27: 127-132.

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108 Book review

O. Kudrna, A. Harpke, K. Lux, J. Pennerstorfer, O. Schweiger, J. Settele, and M. Wiemers 2011.

Distribution Atlas of Butterflies in Europe. — Gesellschaft für Schmetterlingsschutz, Halle, Germany.

ISBN 978-3-938249-70-3. Price: 65,— € plus shipping costs’.

very well-known “Distribution Atlas of European Butterflies” from 2002.

The Preface (Chapter 1) is followed by an introductory part (Chapter 2) which details the complex

procedure of transforming data submitted, or made available in many different formats, into a computer-

friendly format. There is also a list of all contributors.

The most important part of the main text of this Atlas, however, is devoted to the clarification of proce-

dures followed while producing the checklist of European butterfly species (Chapter 3). Whereas nomen-

clature (i.e., which name is to be used to designate any given taxon) is exactly codified by the International

Code of Zoological Nomenclature, taxonomy (1.e., which taxa should be recognised as distinct) is indeed

a highly subjective branch of science.

The limits of genera are fixed by their monophyly, which in some cases is only supposed. The authors

decided to use very broad genera, often encompassing a number of sub-lineages, which other authors may

subjectively decide to keep separate. Some outstanding problems, particularly arising with some lycaenid

genera, are briefly discussed on pp. 26—27, and on pp. 33-39.

The limits of species are even more problematic. The subspecies concept, as endearing as it can be to

some taxonomists, has no biological basis and to repeat the well-known joke, in zoological lists “if you

have three names, you are either a butterfly or a bird”. The use of the subspecies rank can be viewed as a

measure of our ignorance and should be limited to cases of very imperfectly known faunas. No “subspe-

cies” have been recognised in this Atlas, and very correctly so.

Clearly the authors had to make decisions of what could and what could not be mapped, and have de-

cided to stick to a somewhat “Linnean” vision of the species, at least for the moment. Modern DNA studies

keep demonstrating that a number of once apparently well-established species are in fact dual taxa, the

ranges of which are often insufficiently known to be represented on maps (e.g., Leptidea sinapis/L. reali/

L. juvernica, or Melitaea phoebe/M. telona, etc.). The same criterion has also been applied to some “mor-

phospecies”, even in cases where they are known to differ in their genitalic, or other structural features.

A checklist of species recognised for the purposes of this Atlas is given on pp. 27—33 and 39—43. The most

important synonyms, and other unrecognised species, are listed on pp. 43-45.

Species distributions (Chapter 4) are individually depicted in 441 maps of excellent quality, where

their occurrence is shown for each of the 4121 quadrats 0.5° (latitude) * 1° (longitude) which collectively

compose the European (excluding the Russian and the Icelandic) part of their range. Butterflies occurring

in the Gibraltar area are not mapped because data were unavailable at the time when maps were assembled,

but are listed on p. 45 of the Atlas. Supposedly extinct “populations” are shown as red (before 1950) or

yellow (1951-1980) dots. The level of accuracy of the latter is occasionally disputable. A short discussion

of the zoogeography and conservation status of each species is appended under each map, together with

some additional comments on the species’ taxonomy, where appropriate. Maps are arranged alphabetically

by genus and species names, which will sometimes require the reader to refer to the index.

Chapter 5 contains a short analysis of results obtained in the recording phase. Of course, the geographi-

cal distribution of the butterfly fauna is better known in some European countries than in others. The type

and level of information, as it was known to the authors, is alphabetically listed on a country by country

basis. It is rather a pity that the authors were in some cases unable to retrieve some important sources of

information, for example from Italy, where the distribution atlas of butterflies (and many other animal

groups) has already reached its second edition. The chapter continues with a discussion of the zoogeogra-

phy of European butterfly species, which includes two interesting “coincidence maps” (Figs 7, 8) showing

European hotspots of butterfly diversity. The following paragraph, dealing with conservation, summarises

what is currently known on this extremely important issue regarding the European area.

To summarise, apart from some small glitches which could not be avoided in a book having such a

broad scope, the authors of the “Distribution Atlas of Butterflies in Europe” should be thanked for their

efforts and congratulated over their resuits. This book should be included in the library of every serious

lepidopterist, irrespectively of whether amateur or professional.

EMILIO BALLETTO

“ The order can be placed online at http://www.european-butterflies.ufz.de/index.php?de=22179.

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