NOTA

LEPIDOPTEROLOGICA

A journal focussed on Palaearctic and General Lepidopterology

Published by the Societas Europaea Lepidopterologica e.V.

http://www.soceurlep.org

Editors

Dr Bernard Landry (Geneve, CH), e-mail: bernard.landry@ville-ge.ch

Dr Matthias Nuss (Dresden, D), e-mail: matthias.nuss@snsd.smwk.sachsen.de

Editorial Board

Dr Enrique Garcia-Barros (Madrid, E), Prof. Dr Roger L. H. Dennis (Wilmslow, UK),

Dr Thomas Fartmann (Münster, D), Dr Axel Hausmann (Munich, D), Dr Peter Huemer

(Innsbruck, A), Ole Karsholt (Copenhagen, DK), Dr Yuri P. Nekrutenko (Kiev, UA),

Dr Erik van Nieukerken (Leiden, NL), Dr Thomas Schmitt (Trier, D), Dr en Speidel

(Bonn, D), Dr Niklas Wahlberg (S)

Volume 30 No. 1 : Dresden, 15.05.2007 - ISS]

Contents

| BI aT oye cel UPR area ee cL re fete a ee ee 3-4

Obınlary2 lo] 12457210 CO ZAR tates se ee en ci 5-6

Robert Trusch & Axel Hausmann. A new species of the genus Rhodostrophia

Hübner, 1823 from Iran (Geometridae: Sterrhinae) ......00... cece cceeeecceseeeccceeeeecceeeeeeeees 7-16

Adam Malkiewicz, Jarostaw Buszko & Radostaw Stelmaszczyk.

Eupithecia extensaria (Freyer, 1844) (Geometridae) in Poland ................................ 17-23

Nikolay N. Ignatyev & Thomas J. Witt. A review of Eilema Hübner, 1819

of Russia and adjacent territories. Part 1. The Eilema griseola (Hübner, 1803)

species group (Arctiidae: Lithosünae) «.....:.....0::.0se.seoemsvosersnenctsesesoncsdeevessentascasseraeess 25-43

Vadim V. Zolotuhin. On the identity of the Turkish species of the

Eriogaster rimicola-sroup (Lasiocampidag) .......Hseeesenssorssessesnsnenensenanseteeenionee 45-50

Josef J. de Freina. A new species of the genus Gattung Melittia Hübner, 1819

from the Dhofar, South-Oman (Sesiidae: Sesiinae: Melittiini) .............cceennsccceeenneenn 51-57

Magne Friberg. A difference in pupal morphology between the sibling species

Leptidea sinapis and-L. reali (Pieridae) ......n. nn ur Ge 61-64

Predrag JakSic, Chris van Swaay & Milan Duric. Boloria eunomia (Esper, 1799):

a new species for Serbia (Nymphalidae) .....ru..u.anseeen een ee eee 65-70

Martin F. V. Corley. A brief review of the Micropterigidae of Portugal,

with description of a new species of Micropterix Hübner ..............n een 71-78

Marko Mutanen, Juhani Itamies & Lauri Kaila. Heliozela resplendella

(Stainton, 1851) and H. hammoniella Sorhagen, 1885: two valid species

distinguishable in the genitalia of both sexes and life histories (Heliozelidae) ......... 79-92

Svetlana V. Nedoshivina. On the type specimens of the Tortricidae described

by Eduard Friedrich Eversmann from the Volgo-Ural Region ........................ 93-114

Jan Skyva & Gustav Elsner. A new species of Merrifieldia Tutt from Slovenia

(Pterophoridae).. nase ne ee een eee eres 115-119

Reinhard Gaedike. Correction ......ur.n een essen nn ee IEEE 120

Andreas Stübner. Taxonomic revision of the Coleophora frischella-

species group (Coleophörnidae) arena. eee eee 121-172

Yoshitsugu Nasu. Two additions to the Nepalese fauna

of Olethreutinae: (Tortricidae) 2.2... recette ce ene 173-174

Wolfgang A. Nässig. Assessment of the proper nomenclature of Loepa Moore,

1859 and its type species (Satummdae) 2 tes eee ER 175-178

Ashish D. Tiple, Arun M. Khurad & Roger L. H. Dennis. Butterfly diversity

in relation to a human-impact gradient on an Indian university campus .............. 179-188

Reinhard Sutter. New species of the genus Oegoconia (Autostichidae) ...................- 189-201

BOOK TEVIEWS name ER 58-60, 201-205

Instructions for authors. He ch ee RE RENEEEEE 206-208

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 3-4 3

Editorial

In 2007, Societas Europaea Lepidopterologica (SEL) 1s publishing the 30th volume of

Nota lepidopterologica. With 650 subscribers worldwide, our journal 1s widely distrib-

uted and well known in the field of lepidopterology. Over time, Nota lepidopterologica

developed as one of the most important journals on Palaearctic lepidopterology, and

the present council and editorial board have agreed that the focus of the journal should

remain the same.

During the last few years, the mean number of contributions per year exceeded 20,

while for 2007 it is going to exceed 30. The entire contents of our journal can be read

on our Society’s homepage (www.soceurlep.com), where papers are also freely available

in portable document format (pdf) from volume 26 (2003) onwards, with the excep-

tion of the two most recent years. An improved version of the instructions for authors

is available at the end of this issue and on the homepage. These provide directives and

recommendations on how to prepare a paper for submission to Nota lepidopterologica.

Please follow them conscientiously.

For a long period, Nota lepidopterologica has been called a quarterly journal, but in

the 29 volumes published so far, only nine were comprised of four distinct issues. In

addition, the last issue of every year was published notoriously late. Only two volumes,

21 (1998) and 22 (1999), edited by Alain Olivier, appeared timely. Therefore, during

the 2005 SEL Congress in Rome the editorial board members voted for a biennial pub-

lication rate to achieve timely appearance of Nota lepidopterologica and this change

is introduced with the ongoing volume. The two issues are planned to be published on

May 15 and November 15 of every year. The yearly reduction in the number of issues

will save printing and postage costs, and these savings are planned to be used to print

more pages each year. Late in 2006, Bernard Landry accepted to become co-editor of

Nota lepidopterologica. As shown by our work on this issue, it 1s now easier to manage

the increasing number of manuscripts in a timely manner.

For Lepidoptera, Europe is probably the most intensively studied region in the world.

Further discoveries of new species can hardly be expected in Northern and Central

Europe, but the Mediterranean and eastern Palaearctic regions continue to provide new

finds, especially in the microlepidoptera. However, taxonomic revisions and phyloge-

netic analyses are still badly needed for many subgroups of Lepidoptera. Moreover,

Palaearctic Lepidoptera are still in need of much more study regarding their ecology

and habitats. A precise knowledge of the life history of a given species is mandatory

for its proper conservation and habitat management. Taking into account that the host

plants of a huge number of Lepidoptera are still insufficiently known, much is left to

do and this knowledge is urgently needed. For example, we rarely see the results of

research on the lepidopteran species associated with endangered or rare plant species.

Anew field of research is how global climate change influences Palaearctic Lepidoptera.

Habitat and areal shifts are already observed and more are expected. Europe is espe-

Nota lepidopterologica, 15.05.2007, ISSN 0342-7536

+ Editorial

cially well suited to observe those changes, as no other continent has such a large set of

records over such a long time for so many species.

We thank the authors for their contributions to make Nota lepidopterologica an in-

teresting journal to many lepidopterists. The increasing number of manuscripts con-

vinces us that there is still more than enough to investigate with regards to Palaearctic

Lepidoptera or topics of general concern to our science.

BERNARD LANDRY & MATTHIAS Nuss

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 5-6 »

Dr Laszlo Gozmany

(1921 — 2006)

The Biological Section of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Hungarian

Natural History Museum celebrated Dr Läszlö Gozmany, curator emeritus of the

Lepidoptera collection, with a special session on biology and physiology of the

Lepidoptera in June, 2006. The festive event was dedicated to his approaching 85th

anniversary, which was due in November. Following the event the already weak health

of Dr Gozmany rapidly declined and he died of heart failure in Budapest on the 15th of

December, 2006, slightly more than one month after his anniversary.

Dr Gozmany was the greatest Hungarian lepidopterist ever. He devoted his life

entirely to the taxonomy and phylogeny of Microlepidoptera, but he was also very

active in faunistics, nature conservation, and nomenclature. He was born in Budapest

on November 9th, 1921. He received education as a jurist in classical and living

languages and civil law. After the 2nd World War he worked as a Ist class officer in the

government’s administration until 1948, when he took part in a zoological expedition

to the Eastern Mediterranean. On his return he was appointed curator of Lepidoptera

at the Hungarian Natural History Museum, where he remained in that capacity until

his retirement. Meanwhile he received a CSc. and a DSc. in biology, both from the

Hungarian Academy of Sciences.

Nota lepidopterologica, 15.05.2007, ISSN 0342-7536

6 Obituary for Laszl6 Gozmany

In addition to more than a hundred scientific papers on nomenclature, taxonomy, and

systematics of Microlepidoptera, Dr Gozmany wrote nine Lepidoptera fascicles of the

Fauna Hungariae series published by the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. He was

also the author of the Holcopogonidae, Lecithoceridae and Symmocidae volumes of

Microlepidoptera Palearctica, but the last one will be published posthumously. Many

other important monographs left his desk, including his beloved opus on the lepidopteran

fauna of Greece which is also in due to be published. Probably the most influental

and well-known work of Dr Gozmany is the famous and highly reputed Vocabularium

nominum animalium europae septem linguis redactum.

As curator of Lepidoptera he took office in a difficult period as the collection had been

abandoned and lepidopterology was in decline because of the losses caused by the war

and communist dictatorship. Dr Gozmany built the entire micromoth collection in the

seventies following the current state of the classification, and in the last decade of his

life the collection was revised to reflect more recent knowledge.

Dr Gozmany remained faithful to his desk and the collection until the very end of

his life. Even in an advanced age he visited the museum every week for managing

his correspondence and keep contact with the staff. The reprints of his last scientific

contribution has arrived just in the days when colleagues and fellow biologists celebrated

him in the museum.

Dr Gozmany was an honorary member of SEL and SHILAP, and he was awarded,

among others, the Frivaldszky Memorial Medal of Golden Class by the Hungarian

Entomological Society, the Jakob Hübner Award by the Association of Tropical

Lepidoptera, and the Eötvös Wrath of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.

The memorial ceremony for Dr Gozmany was an official event of the Hungarian Natural

History Museum. The funeral oration was given by the Director General, Dr Istvan

Matskasi. The mother institute is going to publish a special volume of the Academic

journal Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientarum Hungaricae dedicated to the memory

of Dr Gozmany. We hardly accept the passing of our “Laci Bacsi” and keep him in our

best memory.

The staff of the Lepidoptera collection:

ZSOLT BALINT, ANDRAS Kun, LASZLO PEREGOVITS & LASZLO RONKAY

Budapest, April 16th, 2007

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 7-16 Y

A new species of the genus Rhodostrophia Hübner, 1823 from

Iran (Geometridae: Sterrhinae)

ROBERT TRUSCH ! & AXEL HAUSMANN 7

' Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Karlsruhe, ErbprinzenstraBe 13, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany;

e-mail: trusch@smnk.de

> Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Münchhausenstr. 21, 81247 München, Germany;

e-mail: Axel. Hausmann @zsm.mwn.de

Abstract. A new species of the Geometrid subfamily Sterrhinae is described from Iran: Rhodostrophia

tabestana sp. n. The known distribution area of the species is restricted to high altitudes of the Zagros

mountains. Details on the life history and on the habitat of the new species are given. In the context

of the differential diagnosis the lectotype of Rhodostrophia vastaria (Christoph, 1877) is designated.

Rhodostrophia cauquenensis (Butler, 1882) comb. n., Rhodostrophia chilenaria (Blanchard, 1852) comb.

n. and Rhodostrophia ferruginaria (Blanchard, 1852) comb. n. from Chile are transferred to Rhodostrophia

Hiibner, 1823.

Zusammenfassung. Aus dem Iran wird eine neue Art aus der Geometriden-Unterfamilie Sterrhinae

beschrieben: Rhodostrophia tabestana sp. n. Das bekannte Verbreitungsareal der Art ist auf die Höhenlagen

des Zagros-Gebirges beschränkt. Angaben zur Lebensweise und zum Habitat der neuen Art werden

gemacht. Im Rahmen der Differentialdiagnose erfolgt die Festlegung des Lectotypus fiir Rhodostrophia

vastaria (Christoph, 1877). Rhodostrophia cauquenensis (Butler, 1882) comb. n., Rhodostrophia chilenaria

(Blanchard, 1852) comb. n. und Rhodostrophia ferruginaria (Blanchard, 1852) comb. n. aus Chile werden

nach Rhodostrophia Hiibner, 1823 transferiert.

Introduction

The geometrid moth genus Rhodostrophia Hiibner, 1823 belongs to the subfamily

Sterrhinae and contains 72 described species (Scoble 1999), ranging from Europe,

North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula to Taiwan, with a focus on the western and

central Asian parts of the Palaearctic region. In addition, three previously unplaced

species (Scoble 1999) from Chile can be combined with this genus, supported by the

very similar habitus, quadripectinate antennae, very similar wing venation, unpaired

proximal hindspurs and strikingly similar genitalic features, e.g. long uncus, multilobed

tip of valva, curved aedeagus: Rhodostrophia cauquenensis (Butler, 1882) comb. n.,

R. chilenaria (Blanchard, 1852) comb. n. and R. ferruginaria (Blanchard, 1852) comb.

n. The genus is defined by synapomorphic characters in wing venation, antennae and

head; 1. e. forewing usually with double areole, R,-R, stalked, R, from apex of second

areole; hindwing with R, and M shortly stalked, M, and CuA, usually separate; antennae

of male long with four branches arising from each flagellomer (‘quadripectinate’ ),

with thin pectinations to tip; frons slightly convex, length of palpi equal to or slightly

exceeding diameter of eye (Hausmann 2004; venation terminology after Scoble 1995).

While preparing a revision of the genus Rhodostrophia of Iran and adjacent territories

we discovered a new species which is described below. It belongs to the ‘badiaria

species-group’ sensu Hausmann (2004), which so far consists of the species R. badiaria

(Freyer, 1841), R. bahara Brandt, 1938, R. vastaria (Christoph, 1877) and, tentatively,

the more distant species R. tumulosa Brandt, 1938, R. iranica Schwingenschuss, 1939

and R. abscisaria BRANDT 1941.

Nota lepidopterologica, 15.05.2007, ISSN 0342-7536

8 TRUSCH & HAUSMANN: A new Rhodostrophia from Iran

Material and conventions

Specimen data are provided as they appear on the labels. Each label from a primary

type specimen is enclosed within single quotation marks; a vertical line separates lines

of the label. Information enclosed by square brackets includes comments. In the text

the spelling of geographical names follows the Road Map of Iran of 2005, published by

Gitashenasi, Geographical & Cartographie Institute (www.gitashenasi.com). Material

has been studied from the following collections (as far as included, acronyms after

Evenhuis & Samuelson 2007):

HMIM Hayk Mirzayans Insect Museum in the Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (former

Plant Pests and Diseases Research Institute, PPDRI), Tehran, Iran

PCJM private collection Jörg-Uwe Meineke, Kippenheim, Germany

PCNP private collection Norbert Pöll, Bad Ischl, Austria

SMNK State Museum of Natural History Karlsruhe, Germany

ZIN Zoological Institute of the National Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia

ZSM Zoological State Collection, Munich, Germany

Rhodostrophia tabestana sp. n. Figs 1-11

Material. Holotype ©: ‘S-Iran, Fars, | Kaserun, Mian-Kotal | 1900 m, 11.6.1972 | Ebert & Falkner

leg.’, ‘Holotypus © | Rhodostrophia tabestana | det. Trusch & Hausmann 2007’ [handwritten on red paper],

coll. SMNK. - Paratypes (all with printed labels ‘Paratypus © respectively 9 | Rhodostrophia tabestana

| det. Trusch & Hausmann 2007’ on yellow paper): 49, 19 slide no. 621/2005 Trusch, 49, 19 slide no.

620/2005 Trusch, S-Iran, Fars, Kaserun, Mian-Kotal, 1900 m, 11.6.1972; 19 S-Iran, Khusestan, Yassudj,

Sisakht, 2250 m, 13./14.6.1972; 10° S-Iran, Prov. Khusestan, Yassudj, Sisakht, 50 km NW, 15.-18.6.1975;

19 S-Iran, Khusestan, 15 km SE Yassudj, 2050 m, 15.6.1972; 30°, 19 S-Iran, Fars, 50 km NW Ardekan,

Tange Surkh, 2250 m, 16.6.1972; 20, 19 id., 12.-15.6.1975; all Ebert & Falkner leg.; 19, 19 S-Iran,

Khusestan, 15 km SE Yassudj, 2050 m, 15.6.1972, Ebert & Pazuki leg.; 19 slide no. 583/2005 Trusch,

Iran, Prov. Esfahan, Zagros mts., Feridun Shar, Kamaran val., 2770 m, N 32°45’; E 49°59’, 11.7.2003;

10, 29 Iran, Prov. Chahar Mahal, Zagros mts. NW Samsami, 2800 m, N 32°09’, E 50°11’, 13.7.2003; all

Ebert & Trusch leg.; 130° Iran, Prov. Esfahan, C-Zagros, 2600 m, 2 km NE of Semirom, 3.—4.6.2005, 29

Boyerahmad-va-Kohgiluyeh, SE Zagros, 35 km SE of Yasudj, 2600 m; all leg. Gyulai & Garai; 19 Boyer

Ahmad-va-Kohgiluyeh, Yasuj E, Abnar-Region, Kakan-Baba Hasan, 2550-2800 m, 24.6.2005 [41/05],

Hofmann leg.; 19 Fars, Yasuj E, Islamiyeh/Deshkord E, 2340-2360 m, 8.6.2005 [32/05], Hofmann

& Meineke leg.; all in coll. SMNK. 10 Khousestan, Yassudj, Sisakht, 2250 m, 13.6.1972; 10° S-Iran,

Khusestan, 15 km SE Yassudj, 2050 m, 15.6.1972; all Ebert & Pazuki leg.; Kohgiluyeh, Sisakht, 2100

m, 16.6.1986, Mirz.[ayans] & Hash.[emi] leg.; 39 Iran, Bakhtiari, 18.6.1973 [without exact locality and

collector]; 19 Khansar, Golestan-Kuh, 2700 m, 3.—4.7.1983; 19 slide no. 622/2005 Trusch, Bakhtiari,

Khoshab, Zardkuh, 2310 m, 6.7.1983; both Mirz[ayans] & Brum.[and] leg.; all in coll. HMIM. 19 ZSM

G, Genitalprp. No. 10692, 20°, 39 Iran, Lorestan, 22 km E Dorud, vic. Saravand, 2300-2500 m, 33°23’N,

49°11’ E, 9.-10.6.1997, Hofmann & Kautt leg., ex coll. PCNP; all in coll. ZSM. 19 slide no. 612/2005

Trusch, Iran, Zagros, Esfahan Umg., Fereidun Shah, 2200 m, 9.7.1999, Hofmann, Meineke leg.; 20° Iran,

Boyer Ahmad-va-Kohgiluyeh, Yasudj E, Kakan-Baba Hassan, 2600-2800 m, 8.6.2002; 10° Iran, Esfahan,

Fereidun Shahr S, Gardaneh-ye Kameran, 2900-3200 m, 16.-17.6.2002; all Meineke, Hofmann & Kallies

et al. leg.; 40, 19 slide no. 623/2005 Trusch, 19 Iran, Chaharmahal-va-Bakhtiyari, zw. Surab u. Qual-e

Sorkh, 2800 m, 20.6.2001; 29 Iran, Chaharmahal-va- Bakhtiyari, Zarde-Kuh, Samsamı vic. Gardaneh-ye

Cheri, 2800-3100 m, 8.-9.7.2003; 10° slide no. 584/2005, 10°, 19 Iran, Esfahan, Semirom vic., Pashme-

Kuh, 2750 m, 18.6.2001; all Hofmann, Meineke & Tremewan leg.; all in coll. PCJM. 140°, 19 Iran,

Lorestan, 22 km E Dorud, vic. Saravand, 2300-2500 m, 33°23’N, 49°11’ E, 9./10. 6. 1997, Hofmann &

Kautt leg.; all in coll. PCNP.

Description (Figs 1-6). Wingspan 26-29 mm; length of forewing 14-16 mm; females

on average slightly larger in size than males. Ground colour of all wings pale ochre with

dark brown suffusion. Wing pattern consists of a dark brownish discal spot on forewing

and a clearly visible, slightly undulating postmedial line on fore- and hindwing. Medial

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 7-16 9

Figs 1-6. Rhodostrophia tabestana sp. n. 1. Holotype ©, South Iran, Prov. Fars, Käserun, Mian-Kotal, 1900

m, 11.6.1972, leg. Ebert & Falkner, SMNK. 2. Paratype 9, id. 3. Paratype ©, South Iran, Fars, 50 km NW

Ardakan, Tange Surkh, 2250 m, 16.6.1972, leg. Ebert & Falkner, SMNK. 4. Paratype 9, id. 5. Paratype ©,

Iran, Prov. Boyer Ahmad-va-Kohgiluyeh, east of Yasudj, Kakan-Baba Hassan, 2600-2800 m, 8.6.2002,

leg. Meineke, Hofmann & Kallies, PCJM. 6. Paratype 9, Iran, Prov. Chahär Mahal, Zagros mts. NW

Samsami, 2800 m, 13.7.2003, leg. Ebert & Trusch, SMNK.

line present on both wings but weak or absent in the costal half of the wings. Discal

spot of hindwing less conspicuous than on forewing. Antemedial line slightly curved

on forewing, lacking on hindwing. Underside of wings with postmedial line on both

fore- and hindwing, otherwise without markings. Palpi, frons, vertex and abdomen

concolorous with wing colour. Antennae of male quadripectinate, longest branches

about 4.5—5 times width of flagellum. Female antennae filiform. Hindtibia of both sexes

with four normal spurs. Wing venation see Fig. 7.

10 TRUSCH & HAUSMANN: A new Rhodostrophia from Iran

Fig. 7. Wing venation of Rhodostrophia tabestana sp. n.; terminology after Scoble (1995).

Male genitalia (Fig. 8). Valvae broad and rounded, slightly bilobed at tip; dis-

tal (caudad) part with numerous very small spines. Distal end of valvae somewhat

truncated.

Sacculus at proximal ventral base of valvae, of rectangular shape. Uncus slender,

elongated, approximately as long as diameter of the transverse ring formed by tegumen,

vinculum and saccus; distally heart-shaped. Distal half of uncus continuously dilating.

Gnathos narrow, triangular, approximately half as long as uncus. Saccus narrow,

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 7-16 I]

Fig. 8. Male genitalia of Rhodostrophia tabestana sp. n., Fereydun Shahr, Province Esfahan (slide no.

583/2005 R. Trusch), SMNK.

rounded. Juxta flat, broad, dorsad with v-shaped incision. Aedeagus curved, slender,

without cornutus.

Female genitalia (Fig. 9 a). Posterior part of ductus bursae sclerotized, conical,

antrum funnel-shaped, strongly dilated towards ostium bursae. Corpus bursae compara-

tively large, elongate oval. Signum a triangular sclerite with paired, small, tapering

processes latero-anteriorly.

Distribution (Fig. 10). The species was found only in the southwest of Iran and seems

to be endemic to the Zagros mountains. It occurs at altitudes between 1900 and 2900

m above sea level. The localities indicated in the map (Fig. 10) as dots are from north

to south: Dorud, 2300-2500 m; Khänsär, 2700 m; Fereydun Shahr, 2770 m; Zarde Kuh

area, 2310 m; Qal’eh Sorkh, 2800 m; Samsämi, 2800 m; Semirom, 2750 m; Si Sakht,

2100 and 2250 m; Yasuj, 2600-2800 m; Ardakan, 2250 m and Kazerun, 1900 m.

TRUSCH & HAUSMANN: A new Rhodostrophia from Iran

Figs 9 a, b. Female genitalia of Rhodostrophia spp. a. R. tabestana sp. n.; Zarde Kuh, Iran (slide no.

622/2005 Trusch), HMIM. The pear-shaped structure inside the bursa copulatrix (corpus bursae) is

a spermatophore. b. R. vastaria (Christoph, 1877), lectotype; Krasnowodsk, Turkmenistan (slide no.

624/2005 R. Trusch), ZIN.

Life history and habitat (Figs 11 a, b). Flight period from early June to mid-July;

apparently univoltine. All specimens were attracted at night to artificial light and could

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 7-16 13

sb Caspian Sea

Tehran

Mashad

Hamadan

& Esfahan

ot Kerman

2 à Shiraz

Bandar-e Abbas

Persian Gulf ~

1000-2000 m

> 2000 m

Fig. 10. Distribution of of Rhodostrophia tabestana sp. n. (dots). The species seems to be endemic to the

Zagros mountains in southwest Iran.

not be found during daytime by the senior author. The species seems to be restricted

to high-mountain habitats (Figs 11 a, b). The larvae and their host plants are unknown.

Occurrence of the species in different years shows no correlation between phenology

and altitude.

The earliest dates available to us are 3rd—4th June; several male specimens were

collected at this time at an altitude of about 2600 m above sea level in the central

Zagros mountains (2005; Province Esfahan, Semirom; P. Gyulai & A. Garai). Further

early records are from Lorestan and Fars, 9th and 11th June (1997; 1972), at altitudes

of about 1900-2300 m. The latest records are of 13th July at altitudes of about 2800 m

(2003; Province Esfahan, Kamaran valley and Province Chahar Mahal, Samsami;

G. Ebert & R. Trusch).

Etymology. The meaning of the Farsi word ‘tabestan’ is summer. The new species

occurs in the summer months June and July; tabestana was chosen as name for the new

species, because there is another Rhodostrophia species in the ‘badiaria species-group’

in Iran, R. bahara Brandt, 1938, flying in April and May. The meaning of the Farsi

word ‘bahar’ is spring.

14 TRUSCH & HAUSMANN: A new Rhodostrophia from Iran

ye Cheri (Cheri-pass) near Samsami (photo Trusch, 14.7.2003); b. the west-east orientated Kamaran valley

near Fereydun Shahr (photo Ebert, 12.7.2003). In both places the new species was attracted to artificial

light at night. All accessible areas are used by the Bakhtiyari nomads as summer-pastures. The localities

show very strong traces of overgrazing, herbs are nearly invisible. Conspicuous plants left were Daphne

sp. (Thymelaceae), Astragalus spp. (Fabaceae), Phlomis spp. (Lamiaceae), Eryngium spp. (Apiaceae) and

thistles (Asteraceae).

Differential diagnosis and discussion. Wing colour of the new species ochre with a

slight orange tinge, whilst fresh specimens of the other relatives of the ‘badiaria species-

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 7-16 15

Figs 12 a, b. Lectotype of Eusarca vastaria Christoph, 1877; photo before dissection. Labels: ‘13/5’,

‘Krasnowodsk’, ‘ex mater. Mus. Acad. Petrop.’, ‘coll. Erschov.’, “GU: 624/2005 R. Trusch’, ‘Lectotypus

©, Eusarca vastaria Christoph, 1877, design. Trusch & Hausmann’, ZIN; a. upper side; b. underside.

group’ have greyish ground colour, fading to light brown in old collection specimens.

Sister species relationship is supposed between the new species and R. vastaria (Figs

12 a, b); the type material of the latter is investigated here, see below.

Rhodostrophia tabestana sp. n. is slightly larger than R. vastaria (Figs 12 a, b; see also

Hausmann 2004: pl. 22, Fig. 174f), forewing length of the latter measuring approx.

13 mm; wings narrower. Transverse lines in R. vastaria less marked; the more diffuse

wing pattern being largely restricted to the dark forewing discal spots and to darker

shadows at the post- and antemedial lines. Medial line of forewing entirely absent,

not marked at inner termen as in the new species. Base of hindwing whitish, darkened

towards outer margin, transverse lines usually absent on hindwing.

Male genitalia of R. vastaria are figured in Hausmann (2004: 521, Fig. 174b); with

aedeagus less curved and broader at tip, cornutus present; tip of valva more spinose and

more projecting ventrally. Female genitalia of R. vastaria (Fig. 9 b) approx. 4 larger

than in the new species, with band-shaped, paired signa, connected to the sclerotized

ductus bursae, not small and isolated in the centre of the bursa; apophyses posteriores

longer than in the new species. Contrary to R. tabestana sp. n. which flies in midsummer,

R. vastaria is a lowland spring species on the wing in May.

Rhodostrophia vastaria (Christoph, 1877) Figs 9 b, 12 a, b

Eusarca vastaria Christoph, 1877: 261, pl. 7 figs 31-32.

Material. Lectotype (hereby designated in order to stabilize nomenclature): *13/5’, ‘Krasnowodsk”

[most probably in the hand writing of Hugo Christoph; Mironov in litt. 2006], ‘ex mater. Mus. Acad.

Petrop.’, ‘coll. Erschov.’ [the latter both printed on white paper], ‘GU: 624/2005 IR. Trusch’, ‘Lectotypus

Q | Eusarca vastaria | Christoph, 1877 | design. Trusch & Hausmann’ [handwritten on red paper] in coll.

ZIN. — Paralectotype (examined): ‘11/5’, ‘Krasnowodsk’ [hand writing, see above], ‘ex mater. Mus. Acad.

Petrop.’, ‘coll. Erschov.’ [the latter both printed on white paper], ‘Paralectotypus Q | Eusarca vastaria |

Christoph, 1877 | design. Trusch & Hausmann’ [printed on yellow paper] in coll. ZIN.

The type material of R. vastaria was examined to compare the new species with its

supposed closest relative. Of the male and female syntypes mentioned in the original

description only two females could be traced at the ZIN. Christoph described Eusarca

16 TRUSCH & HAUSMANN: A new Rhodostrophia from Iran

vastaria after his visits to Krasnovodsk (today “Turkmenbaschi”, Turkmenistan) on the

east coast of the Caspian Sea in the spring of 1872 and 1874, from the “sandy steppes

near Krasnovodsk in May” (Christoph 1877: 181, 261).

For habitus, male and female genitalia (Figs 9b, 12 a, b), see differential diagnosis of

R. tabestana sp. n.

Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Helen Alipanah, Ebrahim Ebrahimi and Reza Zahiri, all Tehran, for the loan of material

from HMIM, to Giinter Ebert, Karlsruhe, and Rahim Ghayourfar, Tehran, for the accompaniment of the

2003 trip of the senior author to Iran and the photographical documentation in the field of the first, to

Jörg-Uwe Meineke and Norbert Poll for the loan of specimens, to Vladimir Mironov, St. Petersburg, for

the loan of type material from ZIN and for valuable comments on H. Christoph’s type material, to Stefan

Scharf, Karlsruhe, for processing of digital images, to Axel Steiner, Wöschbach, Germany, who revised

our English, and last but not least to Thomas Keil, Dresden, Germany, for his continuous generous support

of the ALI project. Axel Hofmann, Breisach-Hochstetten, Germany, and Dieter Stiining, Bonn, Germany,

made valuable comments to the manuscript.

References

Brandt, W. 1938. Beitrag zur Lepidopteren-Fauna von Iran. Neue Gattungen, Arten und Formen (Ma-

crolepidoptera). 2. Geometriden. — Entomologische Rundschau 55: 570-571 [pls 1-2]; 572-547;

584-588, pl. 3; 597-602 [pls 4-5]; 616-621 [pls 6-7], 632-634.

Christoph, H. 1877. Sammelergebnisse aus Nordpersien, Krasnowodsk in Turkmenien und dem Daghes-

tan. — Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae 12: 181-299, pls 5-8.

Evenhuis, N. L. & A. Samuelson 2007. The Insect and Spider Collections of the World, website of the

Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii. http://hbs.bishopmuseum.org/codens/codens-r-us.html (website

visited March 28, 2007).

Hausmann, A. 2004. Sterrhinae. Pp. 1-600. — Jn: A. Hausmann (ed.): The Geometrid Moths of Europe.

Vol. 2. Apollo Books, Stenstrup.

Scoble, M. 1995. The Lepidoptera. Form, Function and Diversity. — Reprint Edition with corrections.

Oxford University Press, New York. xi + 404 pp.

Scoble, M. (ed.), M. S. Parsons, M. J. Scoble, M. R. Honey, L. M. Pitkin & B. R. Pitkin 1999. Geometrid

Moths of the World. A Catalogue (Lepidoptera, Geometridae). Vol. 1 and 2. CSIRO Publishing,

Collingwood & Apollo Books, Stenstrup. xxv + 1016 + 129 pp.

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 17-23 Ly

Eupithecia extensaria (Freyer, 1844) (Geometridae) in Poland

ADAM MALKIEWICZ !, JAROSLAW BUSZKO * & RADOSLAW STELMASZCZYK °

| Zoological Institute, University of Wroclaw; ul. Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland;

e-mail: amalki@biol.uni.wroc.pl

? Institute of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Copernicus University; ul. Gagarina 9, 87-100

Torun; e-mail: buszko@biol.uni.torun.pl

Museum of Natural History, University of Wroclaw, ul. Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335 Wroctaw, Poland;

e-mail: stelma@biol.uni.wroc.pl

Abstract. An isolated population of Eupithecia extensaria (Freyer, 1844) was found in Poland. The species’

external characters of the imago and larva, the genital morphology, and the life history and distribution are

discussed. The local habitat is characterized.

Zusammenfassung. Eine isolierte Population von Eupithecia extensaria (Freyer, 1844) wurde in Polen

entdeckt. Die Larval-, Imaginal- und Genitalmorphologie sowie der Lebenszyklus und die Verbreitung

werden diskutiert und lokale Habitatansprüche beschrieben.

Introduction

One of the most unusual and spectacular moth discoveries in the last decade in Poland

and the middle part of Europe on the whole was the case of Eupithecia extensaria (Freyer,

1844). We could have expected this species in the north-eastern part of Poland, after the

report of the first record of the species in Lithuania, in the vicinity of Vilnius (Wilno)

in 1971 (Kazlauskas 1984), which was also the first case of occurrence in this country.

Recently, more Lithuanian records were reported, one of them close to the Polish border

(Ivinskis 2004). These records and two older records from Latvia by Lienig & Zeller

(1846), in which the species is reported under the name Larentia prolongata Lienig &

Zeller (holotype at BMNH), form the Baltic part of the main continental range. All of

these moths are of the nominotypical form. The species’ distribution extends far eastward

through the Pskov and Moscow regions, Central Asia, to Japan, and it shows wide

phenotypical variability. The southern limit of the species in Europe is along the Black

Sea coast (Romania and Ukraine), Caucasus, Transcaucasus, and Turkey, where only

two localities are known (Mironov 2003). It is difficult to define the subspecific status

of Turkish populations because the few known specimens differ only slightly from the

nominotypical subspecies (Fig. 6), and the female genitalia do not show any difference.

In western Europe it inhabits the North Sea coast in England, where it is closely bound

to the coastal saline zone where it is rather rare. The other westernmost locality is in the

Spanish province of Teruel where it is known from a single specimen collected at the

altitude of 1600 m (Mironov 2003). The British and Spanish specimens are classified as

ssp. occidua Prout, 1914 (Fig. 5). Two other subspecies were described from Asia: ssp.

sydyi Staudinger, 1885 from China (widespread in Central Asia) and ssp. /euca Dietze,

1910 from Ussuri (widespread in Far East Russia, Korea, and Japan). On plate 13 of

Prout (1914), in rows ‘i’ (not ‘g’ as stated in the text) and ‘o’ the illustrations of ssp.

occidua and the nominotypical ssp. (as “prolongata”) were mistakenly inverted. To

make matters worse Prout (1914) treated these names as synonyms in the text volume,

Nota lepidopterologica, 15.05.2007, ISSN 0342-7536

MALKIEWICZ et al.: Eupithecia extensaria in Poland

D 6

Figs 1-6. Variability of wing pattern and form of Eupithecia extensaria (Freyer). 1-4. Poland, Gleboczek

Wielki. 1. Male. 2-4. Females. 5. England, Hunstanton, male. 6. Turkey, Dog. Karadeniz Daglari, female.

which is an apparent mistake because the holotype of Larentia prolongata Lienig &

Zeller, 1846 represents the nominotypical form.

In Poland the species was discovered in 1998 in Gteboczek Wielki (53°19°00" N,

19°31’41” E; UTM: DEOO) — a locality situated northeast of Brodnica, and introduced

to the list of Polish Geometrids (Malkiewicz & Sosinski 1999, 2000).

Abbreviations

BMNH British Museum (Natural History), London

ISZP Instytut Systematyki 1 Ewolucji Zwierzat PAN, Krakow

MPUW Muzeum Przyrodnicze Uniwersytetu Wroclawskiego, Wroclaw

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 17-23 19

Fig. 7. Habitat of Eupithecia extensaria (Freyer) in Poland, Gleboczek Wielki. (in 1999).

Methods and terminology

The method of vesica eversion was taken from Sihvonen (2001). All membranous

parts were coloured with chlorazole black. Morphological terms are basically from

Hausmann (2001) and Mironov (2003), with some additions with regards to the phallus.

The localization of the cornuti was described with the vesica everted.

Eupithecia extensaria (Freyer, 1844)

Material. Great Britain: 19, England, Norfolk, ISZP; 10, Hunstanton, 3.vi.1909, Newman, MPUW

(ex. anonymous coll.). Poland: 6 spp., Gleboczek Wielki, 11.v.1998, leg. Buszko; 15 spp., same locality,

20.v.1999, (ix.1999, 2 spp. ex ovo), leg. Buszko & Malkiewicz; 4 spp., same locality, 17.v.2002, leg.

Buszko, Gelbrecht & Malkiewicz; coll. Malkiewicz. Turkey: 29, Province Erzurum, Dog. Karadeniz

Daglari: Korga Dagi, Umg. Köprüköy bei Ispir, 1600-2000 m., 3.-7.v1.2000, leg. Gelbrecht, Drechsel,

Busse & Schwabe, coll. Gelbrecht.

Life history and habitat. The flight period, based on voucher material, extends from

early May (end of first decade) to the beginning of June, depending on weather conditions.

Moths fly readily during the day in full sunshine and sit on plants in a characteristic

position (Fig. 4). There were also moths noticed flying at dusk and occasionally coming

to light. Under breeding conditions a few specimens of a second generation emerged in

September. The larvae are green with a white spiracular line and with seven rosy dots

interrupting it on each abdominal segment (Fig. 8). The body is covered with minute

white pinacula. Larvae grow slowly, so they can be collected throughout the summer

season. They feed on the leaves and flowers of Artemisia campestris L. (Asteraceae).

The open habitat is on sandy soil; it was artificially created quite recently as a result

20 MALKIEWICZ et al.: Eupithecia extensaria in Poland

Figs 9-12. Eupithecia extensaria (Freyer) from Poland, Gleboczek Wielki: female and male genitalia.

9. Female genitalia, dorsal view (precopulation form of corpus bursae). 10. Variability of corpus bursae

spines, ventral view (upper border of bottom spines area). 11. Male genitalia, general view (phallus

removed) with uncus enlarged (in lateral, left view). 12. Sternite A8. (scale bars 0.1 mm)

of the restoration of a large gravel pit. It was populated predominantly with Artemisia

campestris and Helichrysum arenarium (L.) Moench (Asteraceae) Initially, pine and

birch trees were planted over the area (Fig. 7) and now they attain about 5 m in height.

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 17-23 21

b’

Figs 13-16. The phallus of Eupithecia extensaria (Freyer). 13. Phallus with cornuti, lateral, left view;

a. left, ventral dentate cornutus; b. left, medial dentate cornutus; c, d. dorsal dentate cornuti: c. U-shaped

cornutus, d. small curved cornutus. Poland, Gleboczek Wielki. 14. Phallus with cornuti, dorsal view;

a. left, ventral dentate cornutus, a’. right, ventral dentate cornutus; b’. right, medial dentate cornutus;

c. U-shaped cornutus; d. small curved cornutus. Poland, Gleboczek Wielki. 15. Phallus and variability of

dentate cornuti, ventral view; a. left ventral cornutus, a’. right ventral cornutus; b. left medial cornutus,

b’. right medial cornutus. England, Hunstanton. 16. Phallus with everted vesica, lateral, left view (coecum

and bulbus ejaculatorius removed); a. left, ventral dentate cornutus, a’. right, ventral dentate cornutus;

b. left, medial dentate cornutus; c. U-shaped cornutus; d. small curved cornutus. Poland, Gteboczek

Wielki. (scale bars 0.1 mm).

It seems that in Poland the species is bound to a habitat which may be regarded as a

secondary steppe with Artemisia campestris on artificially cleared ground. This kind of

habitat is very frequent in exploited and abandoned gravel pits in the Polish lowlands.

However, the species was not spotted since 2005 at this locality.

Discussion

The Polish specimens probably belong to the nominate subspecies, which was recently

redescribed by Mironov (2003). The variability in external characters is wider than that

stated and illustrated by this author, so below are some supplementary characters and

differences.

The wingspan of the specimens from Poland extends between 21-24 mm (mean

22.6 mm) and differs from that of British (ca. 22 mm) and Turkish specimens (ca. 20

22 MALKIEWICZ et al.: Eupithecia extensaria in Poland

mm). The forewing is variable in shape, narrow and long, and shorter and narrower in

females when compared to that of the males (Figs 1-4).

The forewing dark spots and short commas on the veins at the antemedial and postmedial

lines are not always clear. The medial line (sensu Hausmann 2001) varies in width, and

in some cases it is thinner medially. The discal spots are often visible as very small

points by or on the medial line. The white areas between lines are of variable width.

The white and gray contrasting pattern is (fig. 122a in Mironov 2003, and fig. 382 in

Buszko 2000) in some cases more uniform and yellowish. The western ssp. (occidua

Prout) has a highly contrasting brown pattern with narrow white stripes in between, as

stated by Mironov 2003 (p. 277), but it is not ‘brighter’ than the nominate subspecies

(Fig. 5). The ash-grey abdomen dorsally has a white line with lateral brown dots, except

on the last segment.

The male genitalia are typical for the satyrata species group (Fig. 11). The vesica is

armed with six cornuti that are well visible when the vesica is not everted (Figs 13-14).

The arrangement of the cornuti on the everted vesica (Fig. 16) is almost spherical and

quite symmetric, when looking ventrally. The surface of the vesica is mostly smooth

like in all species of the satyrata group, but the dense denticles in the basal (anterior)

part are discernible. The cornuti are arranged in pairs as noticed by Mironov (2003), but

in our preparations the cornuti in pairs are not identical and can differ to considerable

degree. The ventral pair (‘near apex’ according to Mironov 2003) can especially differ

in form. The next pair is also variable in size and form, being more or less dentate (Fig.

15, medial dentate pair). An elongated U-shaped cornutus and a small curved cornutus

are situated near the base of the ductus ejaculatorius. Sternite A8 (Fig. 12) is shorter

with more strongly curved lateral margins and a more heavily sclerotized apical margin

in comparison with the illustrations of Mironov (2003).

In female genitalia the bursa copulatrix 1s pear-shaped, narrower than in other European

species of the satyrata group (Fig. 9). The deep membranous gap separating spines on

the left side is variable in width (depending on physiological state), and in most cases

there is a row of small spines near the base of the ductus seminalis. This gap is expanded

toward the bottom of the bursa, which is not completly covered with spines. Spines are

variable in size and form, in some Polish specimens they are forked sometimes more

than once (Fig. 10). The anterior margin of tergite A8 is not so convex medially as in

the illustrations of Mironov (2003).

Acknowledgements

We thank to Lukasz Przybylowicz (ISZP) and Marek Wanat (MPUW) for the loan of specimens of

E. extensaria ssp. occidua. We also thank Jörg Gelbrecht (Königs Wusterhausen, Germany) for the

loan of additional specimens. We gratefully acknowledge two anonymous referees for improvement of

the manuscript.

References

Buszko, J. 2000. Atlas motyli Polski. Czesé II. Falice, wycinki, miernikowce (Thyrididae, Drepanidae,

Geometridae). — Grupa Image, Warszawa, 518 pp.

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 17-23 23

Hausmann, A. 2001. Introduction. Archiearinae, Orthostixinae, Desmobathrinae, Alsophilinae, Geome-

trinae. — Jn: A. Hausmann (ed.), The Geometrid Moths of Europe, vol. 1. — Apollo Books, Stenstrup.

282 pp.

Ivinskis, P. 2004. Lepidoptera of Lithuania. Annotated catalogue. — Institute of Ecology of Vilnius Uni-

versity. 380 pp.

Kazlauskas, R. 1984. Lietuvos drugiai. — Mokslas, Vilnius. 120 pp.

Lienig, F. & P. C. Zeller 1846. Lepidopterologische fauna von Lievland und Curland. — Isis 3: 175-302.

Malkiewicz, A. & Sosinski, J. 1999. Systematic, annotated check-list of Polish Geometridae (Lepido-

ptera). Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne, 68: 197-208.

Malkiewicz, A. & Sosinski, J. 2000. Geometridae. — Jn: J. Buszko & J. Nowacki (eds), Lepidoptera of

Poland. A Distributional Checklist. — Polish Entomological Monographs, Vol. 1. — Polskie Towar-

zystwo Entomologiczne, Poznan-Torun: 94-111.

Mironov, V. 2003. Larentiinae II (Perizomini and Eupitheciini). — /n: A. Hausmann (ed.), The Geometrid

Moths of Europe, vol. 4. — Apollo Books, Stenstrup. 463 pp.

Prout, L. B. 1912-1916. Die spannerartige Nachtfalter. — /n: A. Seitz (ed.), Die Groß-Schmetterlinge der

Erde, vol. 4. — Verlag A. Kernen, Stuttgart. 479 pp. + 25 pl.

Sihvonen, P. 2001. Everted vesicae of the Timandra griseata group: methodology and differential fea-

tures (Geometridae, Sterrhinae). — Nota lepidopterologica 24 (3): 57-63.

m’

iy 78

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 25-43 25

A review of Eilema Hübner, 1819 of Russia and adjacent

territories. Part 1. The Eilema griseola (Hübner, 1803)

species group (Arctiidae: Lithosiinae)

NIKOLAY N. IGNATYEV ! & THOMAS J. WITT ?

! Department of Zoology, pl. 100-letiya Lenina 4, State Pedagogical University, 432700 Uljanovsk,

Russia; e-mail: ignatyev nik(@mail.ru

Entomologisches Museum und Bibliothek, Tengstr. 33, 80796, Munich, Germany;

e-mail: thomas@witt-thomas.com

Abstract. The species of the Ei/ema griseola (Hübner, 1803) group of subgenus Collita Moore, 1878, are

revised and illustrated. Diagnoses and distribution data are given for the seven species so far included.

One new species, Eilema digna sp. n. (type locality: Russia, Far East, Primorye, village Kamenushka)

is described. Eilema griseola sachalinensis Matsumura, 1930 is the Sakhalin subspecies of E. griseola.

Eilema submontana Inoue, 1982, is considered to be the Japanese subspecies of griseola Hübner and not

a synonym of E. vetusta Walker. Lithosia vetusta Walker, 1854 is a senior synonym of Lithosia griseola

var. amurensis Staudinger, 1892, syn. n. Eilema vetusta Walker, 1854 is considered to be a valid species.

Lithosia adaucta Butler, 1877, syn. n. is a synonym of E. vetusta aegrota (Butler, 1877) and the latter is

the Japanese subspecies of E. vetusta Walker. Eilema chinensis (Daniel, 1954) is a valid species restricted

to China. Eilema gina Okano, 1955 is considered to be a valid species restricted to Japan, probably a

vicariant to Eilema coreana (Leech, 1888), and not a synonym of the latter. Lectotypes are designated

for Lithosia griseola amurensis Staudinger, 1892, Lithosia sachalinensis Matsumura, 1930 and Lithosia

griseola chinensis Daniel, 1954.

Zusammenfassung. Die Arten des Ei/ema griseola (Hübner, 1803)-Komplexes der Untergattung Collita

Moore, 1878 werden revidiert. Diagnosen und Verbreitungsdaten werden fiir sieben derzeit bekannte Arten

angegeben. Eine neue Art, Filema digna sp. n. (locus typicus: Russland, Fern Ost, Dorf Kamenuschka),

wird hier beschrieben und abgebildet. Ei/ema griseola sachalinensis Matsumura, 1930 ist die Unterart von

griseola aus Sachalin, Filema submontana Inoue, 1982 wird als japanische Unterart von Ei/ema griseola

eingestuft als Synonym von E. vetusta Walker. Lithosia vetusta Walker, 1854 ist ein älteres Synonym von

Lithosia griseola var. amurensis Staudinger, 1892, syn. n. Eilema vetusta Walker, 1854 wird als gültige Art

angesehen. Lithosia adaucta Butler, 1877, syn. n. ist ein Synonym von E. vetusta aegrota (Butler, 1877)

und die letztere ist die japanische Unterart von FE. vetusta Walker. Eilema chinensis (Daniel, 1954) ist

eine gültige, auf China beschränkte Art. Filema gina Okano, 1955 wird als gültige, auf Japan beschränkte

Art angesehen, wahrscheinlich ist sie eine Vikariante von Eilema coreana (Leech, 1888) und nicht ein

Synonym der letzteren. Lectotypen werden fiir Lithosia griseola amurensis Staudinger, 1892, Lithosia

sachalinensis Matsumura, 1930 und Lithosia griseola chinensis Daniel, 1954 festgelegt.

Pestome. B ranHoï cTaTbe peBy30BaH KomIIeKc Eilema griseola (Hübner 1803), paccmarpuBaempiit

B paHre ronpona Collita Moore, 1878. Jia 7 BKIIIOYEHHBIX BAJIOB JAHBI AMATHO3BI A HHŸOPMAHHA HO

pacnıpocTpaHeHuIo; OHH 13 HUX, Eilema digna sp. n. (runoBoe Mecronaxoxzenne: Poccua, IIpumopse,

yep. Kamenymika), OTHCBIBAETCH KakK HOBbIM. B Pe3yIIBTATE WCCeqOBaHHA THMOBOrO MaTepHasia

IPOH3BCJICHBI CHICAYIOIHE HOMCHKJIaTypHble AKTBI: YCTAHOBJIEHA HOBad KoMOHHauma Eilema griseola

sachalinensis (Matsumura, 1930) aa caxasımHckoro nonBuna E. griseola. Eilema submontana Inoue,

1982, paccmatpnBaetca B paHre ATIOHCKOTO nozBuyia griseola Hübner u n3BIMaeTca 13 CHHOHUMHH C E.

vetusta Walker, B To Bpema Kak Lithosia vetusta Walker, 1854 rpn3HaeTC4 X0POlIMM CAMOCTOSTEJIBHBIM

BHAOM H CTapIımM CHHOHUMOM Lithosia griseola var. amurensis Staudinger, 1892, syn. n. Lithosia

adaucta Butler, 1877, syn. n., ABIACTCA CHHOHUMOM L. aegrota Butler, 1877; nocrexnñ, B CBOFO OYEepenB,

— AHOHCKUM HONBUAOM FE. vetusta Walker. Eilema chinensis (Daniel, 1954) mpu3Haetcs BajImjIHbIM

BHJIOM, HaceıarolmM Kuta, a Eilema gina Okano, 1955 — BaJIH]IHbIM BUJIOM, HACEJISIHOIIHM SITOHNI.

IocrexHnñ, BO3MO%KHO, ABJIACTCA OCTPOBHBIM BHKAPHAHTOM Eilema coreana (Leech, 1888), Ho He ero

CHHOHAMOM. Jia Lithosia griseola amurensis Staudinger, 1892, Lithosia sachalinensis Matsumura, 1930

u Lithosia griseola chinensis Daniel, 1954 BbineJIcHbI HEKTOTANBI.

Nota lepidopterologica, 15.05.2007, ISSN 0342-7536

26 IGNATYEV & Witt: The Ei/ema griseola species group from Russia

Introduction

This paper is dedicated to the E. griseola (Hübner, 1803) species group of the genus

Eilema Hübner, 1819 (Arctiidae: Lithosiinae). At present, this group includes seven

species.

Several features mentioned below distinctly separate this group from related species

groups and characterize it as monophyletic. To denominate this group the name Collita

Moore, 1878, (Proc. zool. Soc. London 1878: 16) with type-species: Bombyx griseola

Hiibner, 1803, by original designation, 1s valid. We consider this group to be equivalent

to Collita at the rank of a subgenus within the genus Ei/ema.

This paper is the first in a series devoted to Ei/ema sensu lato. The investigations in

the other groups of the genus will be continued by the authors. The main aim of this

paper is to revise the Ei/ema griseola species group in the limits of the former USSR

and neighbouring territories in order to define clearly the status of the names involved.

For this purpose, all available primary types and comparative material from different

museums were analysed. Most of the material examined is deposited in Museum Witt,

Munich [MWM].

Abbreviations

BMNH Natural History Museum, (London, U.K.)

DEHU Department of Entomology, Hokkaido University (Japan)

GU genitalia slide

MWM Museum Witt, Munich (Germany)

SPbGU Sankt Petersburg State University (Russia)

UIGPU State Pedagogical University of Uljanovsk (Russia)

ZFMK Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum A. Koenig (Bonn, Germany)

ZISP Zoological Institute ofthe Russian Academy of Sciences (St. Petersburg, Russia)

ZMHUB Zoologisches Museum der Humboldt Universität zu Berlin (Germany)

ZMKU Zoological Museum of Kiev University (Ukraine)

ZMMGU Zoological Museum of Moscow State University (Moscow, Russia)

ZSM Zoologische Staatssammlung des Bayerischen Staates (Munich, Germany).

Checklist of Eilema Hübner, 1819

Eilema griseola (Hiibner, 1803)

Eilema griseola griseola (Hübner, 1803)

Eilema griseola submontana Inoue, 1982

Eilema griseola sachalinensis Matsumura, 1930

Eilema vetusta (Walker, 1854)

Eilema vetusta vetusta (Walker, 1854)

= Lithosia griseola Hb. var. amurensis Staudinger, 1892, syn. n.

Eilema vetusta aegrota (Butler, 1877)

= Lithosia adaucta Butler, 1877, syn. n.

Eilema coreana (Leech, 1888)

Eilema gina Okano, 1954 [1955]

Eilema okanoi Inoue, 1961

= Eilema griseolum montana Okano, 1954 [1955] (nec Aurivillius, 1910), praeocc.

Eilema digna \gnatyev & Witt, sp. n.

Eilema chinensis (Daniel, 1954)

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 25-43 27

The Zilema (Collita) griseola (Hübner, 1803) species group

Description. Adult. Middle-sized (wingspan 17-38 mm) moths; forewing shape

with costal margin distinctly concave; forewing colour mainly grey without bright

yellow costal streak; costal margin of male forewing with dark (almost black) scales at

base (not present in females); hindwing grey or yellow (with different gradations) (on

the whole, European populations are darker than those of the East); head, front, and

tegulae grey or yellow (with different gradations); patagia with dark scales at tip.

Male genitalia. Uncus long, curved and slightly sharpened at apex. Socii and

gnathos absent. Juxta highly modified and transformed into pointed, sometimes

slightly curved, process (here called “ramus”). Valvae mostly asymmetrical, flattened,

sclerotized, serrate at outer margin, and bearing curved apical thorn. Left valva with

sharpened saccular appendage. Phallus tubular, narrower distally, with apical spur

sometimes bifurcate. Vesica bag-shaped, elongate, usually with 5—9 strong cornuti and

elongate zone of spine-like scobination on opposite side.

Female genitalia. Vaginal plates absent. Papillae analis rounded. Corpus bursae

oviform with two normally rounded signa. Ductus seminalis long, curved spirally, and

entwined about bursa. Ductus bursae with sclerotized protuberance at base.

Diagnosis. The external characters stated above are of little diagnostic value be-

cause they are very variable in each taxon within Ei/ema sensu lato. However, the

male genitalia are diagnostic to separate the group from its relatives, especially

the strongly modified valvae, characteristic shape of bifurcate phallus, and equip-

ment of vesica.

Eilema (Collita) griseola (Hübner, 1803) Figs 1-9, 25-28, 37-41

Bombyx griseola Hübner, 1803: 126, pl. 23 fig. 97. Type locality: ‘Deutschland’ (Germany).

Description. Adult (Figs 1-9). Wingspan 26-36 mm. Forewing dark to pale grey,

yellowish or white testaceous, with narrow costal margin of pale scales. Hindwing

mostly grey or yellow, paler than forewing.

Head, front, and tegula yellow; patagia with admixture of grey scales at tip.

Male genitalia (Figs 25-28). Valvae asymmetrical; left sacculus with appendage

curved and sharpened at tip. Phallus with terminal bifurcation; vesica elongate bearing

mostly cornuti.

Female genitalia (Figs 37-41). Ductus seminalis long, twisted around oviform

corpus bursae. Sclerotized plate of ductus bursae with apex directed anteriorly and

widened distally. Corpus bursae with two signa.

Diagnosis. The characteristic terminal bifurcation of the phallus in the male genitalia

and the presence of a sclerotized plate on ductus bursae in the female genitalia are

specific for E. griseola.

Remarks. Three subspecies are distinguished: E. griseola griseola (Hübner, [1803]),

E. griseola sachalinensis (Matsumura, 1930), and E. griseola submontana Inoue,

1982.

28 IGNATYEV & Witt: The Eilema griseola species group from Russia

Sins

beh

HE) IN

Bez

SER

N In

Eilema (Collita) griseola griseola (Hübner, 1803) Figs 1-6, 25, 26, 37-40

Description. Adult (Figs 1-6). Wingspan 28-36 mm. Forewing dark to pale grey

(specimens of Altai population usually sand-coloured), with narrow costal margin of

pale scales; base of costal stripe dark grey (almost black). Hindwing of most European

specimens grey, paler than forewing, with costal margin covered with pale (usually

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 25-43 29

pale-yellow) scales. Head, front, and tegula yellow; patagia with admixture of grey

scales at tip.

Male genitalia (Figs 25, 26). Valva with serrate outer margin; left sacculus with

appendage curved and sharpened at tip. Vesica elongate, bearing 3-9 (mostly 5-8) large

cornuti and several smaller ones on opposite side.

Female genitalia (Figs 37-40). As described above.

Diagnosis. The larger size, broader wings, and irregular serrating of the outer margin

of the valva are diagnostic.

Distribution. The species is widely distributed (Fig. 48). It is known from Western

Europe (where its range was mapped by de Freina & Witt, 1987: map 34); Baltic States,

Bielorussia, Moldova, Ukraine (Kiev and Donetsk Regions), Crimea. It is known from

the following Regions of the Russian territory: Karelia, St. Petersburg (Lodeinopolsky

district, Zaostrovie), Moscow, Tula, Voronezh, Ulyanovsk, Penza, Saratov, Stavropol,

Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk, Tyumen, Omsk, Novosibirsk, Tomsk, Barnaul, Krasnoyarsk,

Ulan—Ude (Buryatia), as well as from Tataria, Chuvashia, Mordovia, and Bashkiria

Republics (cf. Dubatolov & Zolotarenko, 1990). Easternwards, it is known from the

Russian Far East (Amur Region (Zeya river), Khabarovsk, Vladivostok), where it flies

in sympatry with two other species of the E. griseola group. The same subspecies 1s

also known from the Shantarskie islands (10°, Buchta Abrek, Siycheva, Leto [Summer]

912 [ZISP]) as well as from China (Manchuria) and Korea.

Remarks. Despite the heterogeneity of the continental East Asian populations

concerning the colouration of the forewing, and the usually paler hindwings, we

consider them as a single subspecies.

Eilema (Collita) griseola sachalinensis (Matsumura, 1930) Figs 7, 8, 27, 41

Lithosia sachalinensis Matsumura, 1930: 38, pl. 1 fig. 6. Type locality: [Far East of Russia, Sachalin

island] ‘Saghalien ... at Ruikoff”. Lectotype: male (DEHU), here designated.

Figs 1-24. Moths of Eilema griseola Hbn.-group. 1. Eilema griseola Hübner, ©, Germany, Südbayern,

Freising [MWM]. 2. Eilema griseola Hübner, ©, from the original description. 3. Eilema griseola

griseola Hübner, ©, Ukraine, Kiev circuitus [MWM]. 4. Eilema griseola griseola Hübner, 9, Ukraine,

Prov. Lwow, distr. Jaworow [ZMKU]. 5. Eilema griseola griseola Hübner, ©, Russia, Far East, South

Primorye, Region Chassan, Rjazanovka [MWM]. 6. Ei/ema griseola griseola Hübner, Q, Russia, South

Primorye, Pogranitshnyi [MWM]. 7. Eilema griseola sachalinensis Matsumura, ©, lectotype of Lithosia

sachalinensis Mats. [MWM]. 8. Eilema griseola sachalinensis Matsumura, 9, USSR, South Sakhalin,

Juzhno-Sakhalinsk [MWM]. 9. Filema griseola submontana Inoue, ©, holotype of Eilema submontana

Inoue [BMNH]. 10. Eilema vetusta Walker, 9, holotype [BMNH]. 11. Eilema vetusta vetusta Walker,

CO, Russia, Far East, Primorye Reg., 20 km East from Kirovsky, Ussuri riv. valey [MWM]. 12. Eilema

vetusta vetusta Walker, &, Russia, Far East, Primorye Reg., Kirovsky env., 3 km West from Krylovka

vill., Fortochka Pass, altitude 300 m [MWM]. 13. Eilema vetusta vetusta Walker, ©, lectotype of Lithosia

griseola amurensis Staudinger [ZMHUB]. 14. Eilema vetusta vetusta Walker, 9, Russia, Far East, Ussuri,

Okeanskaya [ZMKU]. 15. Eilema vetusta aegrota Butler, ©, holotype of Lithosia aegrota Butler [BMNH].

16. Eilema vetusta aegrota Butler, 9, holotype of Lithosia adaucta Butler [BMNH]. 17. Eilema coreana

Leech, ©, holotype [BMNH]. 18. Eilema gina Okano, S ©’, Japan, Wariyama, Araya, Akita city [MWM].

19. Eilema gina Okano, 9, Japan, Wariyama, Araya, Akita city [MWM]. 20. Eilema okanoi Inoue, 9,

Japan, Kyushu, Fukuoka Pref., Mt. Hikosan, 800 m. [MWM]. 21. Eilema digna Ignatyev et Witt, sp.

n., ©, holotype [MWM]. 22. Eilema digna Ignatyev et Witt, sp. n., 9, paratype [MWM]. 23. Eilema

chinensis Daniel, ©, lectotype of Lithosia griseola chinensis Daniel [ZFMK]. 24. Eilema chinensis Daniel,

Q, paralectotype of Lithosia griseola chinensis Daniel [ZFMK].

30 IGNATYEV & Wirt: The Eilema griseola species group from Russia

Imm

Figs 25-30. Male genitalia. 25. Eilema griseola griseola Hiibner, Russia, North Altai, Kamlak near

Ust’-Sema (GU 10.974) [MWM]. 26. Eilema griseola griseola Hübner, USSR, Far East, Sikhote Alin

Mts., Yasnoe (GU 11.058) [MWM]. 27. Eilema griseola sachalinensis Matsumura, lectotype of Lithosia

sachalinensis Mats. (GU 11.077) [MWM]. 28. Eilema griseola submontana Inoue, holotype of Eilema

submontana Inoue (Arctiidae genitalia slide No. 4402) [BMNH]. 29. Eilema vetusta vetusta Walker,

Russia, Far East, Primorye Reg., 20 km East from Kirovsky, Ussuri riv. valley (GU 10.986) [MWM].

30. Eilema vetusta aegrota Butler, holotype of Lithosia aegrota Butler (Arctiidae genitalia slide No. 688)

[BMNH].

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 25-43 al

Description. À dult (Figs 7, 8). Wingspan 26-28 mm. Forewings monotonous grey.

Male genitalia (Fig. 27). Of same ground plan as nominate subspecies but

generally smaller. External margin of valvae finely serrated. Phallus tubular, more

slender caudally, with apical bifurcation. Vesica with 5—7 large cornuti and several

smaller cornuti on opposite side.

Female genitalia (Fig. 41). As in nominate subspecies.

Diagnosis. The monotonous colouration of the forewings and the finely serrated

external margin of the valvae are the main characteristics of this subspecies.

Distribution. The subspecies is native to Sakhalin, where it is the only member of the

group.

Remarks. Because of characters pointed above, we propose a new status for the

population of Sakhalin as a geographical subspecies of Filema griseola: E. griseola

sachalinensis (Matsumura, 1930). Surprisingly, thıs taxon was overlooked by most

scientists and is absent in modern lists (cf. Dubatolov et al., 1993).

In the original description, Matsumura (1930) stated for his Lithosia sachalinensis

(p. 38) “3 male specimens were collected at Ruikoff by H. Kono and K. Tamanukı

(4.VIIT 1922)”. These three syntypes were recently found by Dr V. Zolotuhin in the

collection of the Hokkaido University. For taxonomic stability (ICZN Article 74) a

lectotype for Lithosia sachalinensis Matsumura, 1930 is designated here: The male

bears a white, printed rectangular locality label with “Kitakarafuto | Kono Tamanuki”

with an ink inscription on back side “[in Japanese] | 4. Aug 22”, a red printed label

with “-type” in right upper corner and inscription by hand in black ink “Lithosia |

sachalinensis | Mats. 1930”, a white rectangular label with black frame and printed

with “det. Matsumura”, a white rectangular label with inscription by hand in black

ink “Mats. | L. sachalinensis” and an inscription by Matsumura’s hand in black ink

“oriseola vetusta WIk”, and Ignatyev’s label genitalia slide “Hokkaido-Uni | Arctiidae

| GU 2007-05”. It has received an additional red printed label with “LECTOTYPE | ©

Lithosia | sachalinensis | Mats., 1930 | des. Ignatyev & Witt”. The lectotype is kept in

the Department of Entomology, Hokkaido University (Sapporo, Japan). The other two

male syntypes are considered to be paralectotypes.

Eilema (Collita) griseola submontana Inoue, 1982 Figs 9, 28

Eilema submontana Inoue, 1982: 640; 2: pl. 155 fig 24. Type locality: Japan, Kanvosen Rishiri Isl.,

Hokkaido. Holotype: male (BMNH).

Description. Adult (Fig. 9). Wingspan 28-32 mm. Forewing yellowish or sandy

coloured, with narrow costal margin of pale scales; base of costal stripe dark grey

(almost black). Hindwing paler than forewing, with costal margin covered with pale

(usually yellowish) scales. Head, front, and tegula yellow; patagia with admixture of

grey scales at tip.

Male genitalia (Fig. 28). As in nominate subspecies.

Female genitalia. Unknown.

Diagnosis. It differs from the nominate subspecies in being paler and sandy coloured.

Also, the forewing is more rounded than in the nominate subspecies.

32 IGNATYEV & Witt: The Eilema griseola species group from Russia

- ~ = > = >

Figs 31-36. Male genitalia. 31. Eilema coreana Leech, holotype (Arctiidae genitalia slide No. 680)

[BMNH]. 32. Eilema gina Okano, Japan, Wariyama, Araya, Akita city (GU 11.493) [MWM]. 32a. Eilema

gina Okano, from the original description (Okano, 1954 [1955]: fig. 3). 33. Filema okanoi Inoue, from

“Moths of Japan” 1982: pl. 346, fig. 2 [MWM]. 34. Ei/ema digna Ignatyev et Witt, sp. n., holotype (GU

10.984) [MWM]. 35. Eilema chinensis Daniel, lectotype of Lithosia griseola chinensis Daniel (GU ARC-

010) [ZFMK]. 36. Eilema chinensis Daniel, paralectotype of Lithosia griseola chinensis Daniel (Präp. Nr.

524) [MWM].

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 25-43 33

Distribution. The subspecies is native to Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu). It is probably

also known from the Kuril islands (recorded by Dubatolov et al. (1993) from Kunashir

as E. aegrota but the identification of this record was not checked by the authors and

needs verification).

Remarks. Lithosia submontana Inoue, 1982, was correctly considered by Dubatolov

(1991) as conspecific with E. griseola Hübner, and he established the new combination

E. griseola ssp. submontana Inoue (Dubatolov 1991: 185). But two years later, he

changed this point of view and attributed submontana Inoue to Eilema griseola vetusta

(Walker, 1854). (Dubatolov et al. 1993: 170). The analysis of the genitalia of both

corresponding types proves that submontana and vetusta are not conspecific (see under

vetusta Walker). We consider submontana Inoue to be the valid name to designate the

population of Japan: E. griseola submontana Inoue, stat. rev.

Eilema (Collita) vetusta (Walker, 1854) Figs 10-16, 29, 30, 42, 43

Lithosia vetusta Walker, 1854: 506. Type locality: ‘Shanghai, North China’. Holotype (by monotypy):

female [BMNH].

Lithosia Griseola Hb. var. Amurensis Staudinger, 1892: 268, syn. n. Type locality: ‘Raddefskaja’. Lectotype:

male [ZMHUB], here designated.

Description. Adult (Figs 10-16). Wingspan 33-38 mm. Ground colour of wings

whitish testaceous or rarely brown. Costal margin of forewing paler than ground colour.

Hindwing paler than forewing.

Male genitalia (Figs 29, 30). Similar to E. griseola but phallus without bifurcation

on apical spur and with only one small thorn directed ventrally. Vesica divided into two

lobes and bearing zone of smaller thorns on dorsal surface; also with small cornuti

(4-13) of equal size situated in one row.

Female genitalia (Figs 42, 43). Ductus bursae sclerotized in proximal half and

without sclerotized protuberance. Ductus seminalis spiral-shaped (twisted around

corpus bursae). Corpus bursae oviform with two signa situated on opposite sides.

Diagnosis. The species is characterized by the light colouration and rounded forewing.

In male genitalia, by the phallus without terminal bifurcation and in the female genitalia,

by the ductus bursae without sclerotized protuberance.

Remarks. Two subspecies are recognized: E. vetusta vetusta Walker on the mainland,

and E. vetusta aegrota Butler in Japan.

Eilema (Collita) vetusta vetusta (Walker, 1854) Figs 10-14, 29, 42

Description. Adult (Figs 10-14). Wingspan 33-36 mm. Ground colour of wings

whitish testaceous. Costal margin of forewing paler than ground colour. Hindwing

paler than forewing.

Male genitalia (Fig. 29). As described above.

Female genitalia (Fig. 42). As described above.

34 IGNATYEV & Witt: The Eilema griseola species group from Russia

hl]

Imm

Diagnosis. The lighter colouration and smaller size (mostly 33-35 mm) separate thıs

subspecies from the next.

Distribution (Fig. 49). Far East of Russia (Kyrovsky, Ussuri Region), North China

(Shanghai), Korea (Gensan).

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 25-43 es

Remarks. Our analysis of the genitalia structure of the holotype of L. griseola var.

amurensis Staudinger, 1892, confirms that it is conspecific with verusta. Both taxa

(griseola and vetusta) coexist in several habitats in the Far East of Russia, China, and

Korea. Dubatolov et al. (1993) have already synonymized amurensis with vetusta, but

they considered the latter taxon to be a subspecies of griseola. We confirm here the

indicated synonymy but reject the relationship of vetusta with griseola. Therefore,

E. vetusta Walker, 1854 = E. griseola amurensis Staudinger, 1892, syn. rev.

The constant characters pointed above allow us to consider the taxon E. vetusta to be a

separate species, not conspecific with E. griseola. In the original description, Staudinger

(1892) stated the localities for his Lithosia Griseola Hb. var. Amurensis (‘Amurgebiet’,

‘Nikolajefsk’, ‘Wlad[iwostock].’, ‘Ask[old island].’, “Sutschan’ u. ‘Suif[un].’ and

‘Radd[effskaja].’), but he did not mention the quantity of specimens of the type series

nor did he designate a holotype. To clear up this situation and for taxonomic stability

(Article 74 of the ICZN, forth edition) a male lectotype is designated here for Lithosia

Griseola Hb. var. Amurensis Staudinger, 1892. This male bears the following labels: a

violet locality label ‘Raddefskaja | Chr.’ <printed>, a white label ‘v. Amurensis | Stgr.

| (alle Originale)’ <handwritten>, a red label with black printed text ‘Origin’, and a

genitalia slide label ‘Arct-Ig 05 | N. Ignatyev prep. 2006’ <printed> is designated here

as the lectotype. It has received an additional red printed label with ‘LECTOTYPE

| Lithosia Griseola Hb. | var. Amurensis Staudinger, 1892, | des. Ignatyev & Witt’.

The lectotype is kept in the Zoological Museum of Humboldt University (Berlin,

Germany). The other three (29 and 19) syntypes in ZMHUB are considered to be

paralectotypes.

Eilema (Collita) vetusta aegrota (Butler, 1877), stat. n. Figs 15, 16, 30, 43

Lithosia aegrota Butler, 1877, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (4) 20 (119): 397. Type locality: ‘Hakodaté’. Type:

male [BMNH].

Lithosia adaucta Butler, 1877, syn. rev., Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (4) 20 (119): 398. Type locality: ‘Hakodate’.

Holotype: male [BMNH].

Description. A dult (Figs 15, 16). Wingspan (36-38 mm). Ground colour of forewing

brown, darker than in nominate subspecies. Costal margin of forewing paler than ground

colour. Hindwing paler than forewing, yellow.

Figs 37-47. Female genitalia. 37. Eilema griseola griseola Hübner, Russia, Siberia centr., Barnaul (GU

11.056) [MWM]. 38. Eilema griseola griseola Hübner, Russia, South Primorye, Pogranitshnyi (GU 11.057)

[MWM]. 39. Eilema griseola griseola Hübner, Middle Corea, Utikongo (500 m) in Kongosan (GU 11.062)

[MWM]. 40. Eilema griseola griseola Hübner, Korea, Prov. Ryang-gyang, Hyesan, room of Hotel Hyesan

(GU 11.055) [MWM]. 41. Eilema griseola sachalinensis Matsumura, USSR, South Sakhalin, Juzhno-

Sakhalinsk (GU 11.078) [MWM]. 42. Eilema vetusta vetusta Walker, holotype of Lithosia vetusta Walker

(Arctiidae genitalia slide No. 690) [BMNH]. 43. Eilema vetusta aegrota Butler, holotype of Lithosia

adaucta Butler (Arctiidae genitalia slide No. 689) [BMNH]. 44. Eilema gina Okano, Japan, Wariyama,

Araya, Akita city (GU 11.493) [MWM]. 45. Eilema okanoi Inoue, Japan, Kyushu, Fukuoka pref., Mt.

Hikosan, 800m. (GU 11.053) [MWM]. 46. Eilema digna Ignatyev et Witt, sp. n., paratype (GU 10.985)

Pate 47. Eilema chinensis Daniel, paralectotype of Lithosia griseola chinensis Daniel (GU 11.059)

MK].

36 IGNATYEV & Witt: The Eilema griseola species group from Russia

Male genitalia (Fig. 30). Similar to nominate subspecies, but ramus more curved

and less sharpened apically. Number of cornuti more constant, varying from 4 to 7, all

cornuti almost equal in size.

Female genitalia (Fig. 43). As nominate subspecies.

Diagnosis. The subspecies differs from the nominate one by the larger size (36-38 mm)

and darker colouration (mostly brownish-grey). The male genitalia also have a more

constant number of cornuti, varying from 4 to 7 (4-13 in vetusta).

Distribution (Fig. 49). Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu (Hakone), Shikoku, Kyushu, Yaku-

shima).

Remarks. We consider Ei/ema vetusta aegrota as the insular subspecies native to

Japan. We separate this taxon on the basis of its geographical isolation, as well as

external and genitalic differences. Dubatolov (1991: 185) considered the taxon aegrota

Butler as a separate species, differing from the Euro-Asiatic E. griseola based on the

structure of their genitalia. However, E. aegrota is conspecific with E. vetusta Walker.

The name aegrota can be attributed to the population of Japan whereas the name vetusta

designates the populations of mainland Russia, China, and Korea. A new status as a

subspecies is established here for the populations of Japan: E. vetusta aegrota Butler,

1877. Moreover, the taxon adaucta Butler, which was described from Hakodate, falls

into synonymy with Æ. vetusta aegrota, on the basis of the sympatric range and the

identical genitalia structure. The types of both taxa were examined in the BMNH.

Both names, aegrota Butler and adaucta Butler, were introduced by Butler in the same

paper on the same page. Both are without doubts synonyms and we consider the name

aegrota, which was introduced in the text before adaucta, to have precedence as the

first revisor’s choice (ICZN Article 24.2.2 , 1999),

Eilema (Collita) coreana (Leech, 1888) Figs 17, 31

Lithosia coreana Leech, 1888: 600, pl. 30 fig. 13. Type locality: ‘Gensan’. Holotype by monotypy: male

[BMNH].

Description. Adult (Fig. 17). Small species (wingspan: 25-27 mm). Forewing

yellowish grey with smooth yellow costal streak; hindwing of same colour, but slightly

paler. Head yellow. Tegulae and patagia uniformly dark coloured, concolorous with

forewings and thorax.

Male genitalia (Fig. 31). Uncus wide distally and bearing a small thorn. Valvae

symmetrical, strongly modified: saccular lobe with two appendages, a rounded upper

one and a lower acute one; saccus wide at base, narrow and acute distally. Phallus

long, narrow, without apical spur. Vesica covered regularly with numerous very small

sclerotized thorns, also with two or three distinctly larger cornuti, and narrow stripe of

middle-sized thorns.

Female genitalia. Unknown.

Diagnosis. Small size, yellowish grey colouration with tegulae and patagia uniformly

dark coloured and concolorous with forewings and thorax, and distinct male genitalia

characterize this taxon.

Distribution. Korea.

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 25-43 37

Remarks. The species was repeatedly mentioned from Far East of Russia as well as

from Korea and Japan in many papers (Dubatolov et al., 1993; Inoue & Yamamoto,

1961) but all these records probably are misidentifications of E. ussurica Daniel, 1954,

which belongs to another species group. In most collections seen the latter species is

incorrectly identified under the name coreana Leech. The description of this species

was based on one specimen taken near Gensan. No additional material was available

to us. The small size, colour differences and the specific structure of the male genitalia

allow us to consider E. coreana as a separate species belonging to a different clade that

also includes the next species and that could eventually be considered as a separate

monophyletic subgenus. For a long time Ei/ema gina Okano, 1954 [1955] was

considered to be a synonym of E. coreana Leech, but see below.

Eilema (Collita) gina Okano, 1955 Figs 18, 19, 32, 32a, 44

Eilema gina Okano, 1955: 62, figs 1-3. Type locality: [Japan] ‘Honshu, Morioka, Iwate Pref.’. Holotype:

male [not found, probably in Iwate University].

Description. Adult (Figs 18, 19). Wingspan 17-19 mm. Forewing grey-brown,

hindwing concolorous, both with narrow costal border of pale scales; costal margin of

forewing distinctly pale yellow and wider basally, but base of costal stripe dark grey

(almost black as in E. griseola) in males. Head and tegulae yellow; patagia, antennae,

thorax, and abdomen concolorous with wings, but abdomen paler dorsally.

Male genitalia (Figs 32, 32a). Valvae symmetrical, with two appendages slightly

curved and acute apically. Uncus wider in distal half, with small thorn at tip. Tegumen

ribbon-shaped; ramus narrow and sharp in distal part. Phallus tubular, narrower in distal

part and without bifurcation at apex. Vesica elongate with small appendage on dorsal

surface, with narrow field of equally small cornuti on opposite side.

Female genitalia (Fig. 44). Papillae anales rounded. Posterior apophyses longer

than anterior ones. Ductus bursae sclerotized in upper half. Ductus seminalis spiral-

shaped and twisted around corpus bursae. Corpus bursae oviform with two small,

rounded signa situated on opposite sides.

Diagnosis. This taxon is distinguished on the basis of its dark colouration (ground

colour grey-brown) and the genitalia of the male: the vesica has a narrow field of

specific small cornuti (Fig. 32). In contrast to other taxa, the hindwings of E. gina do

not differ from the forewings in colouration. Eilema gina clearly belongs to the same

group as coreana Leech (similar ground plan of the male genitalia) but differs distinctly

by the smaller size (17-19 mm versus 23-25 mm), distinct yellow costal streak, wide

external area of the forewing (in coreana Leech the fore and hindwings are of the same

colour), and especially by the male genitalia structure where the uncus is much shorter

and broadly rounded, the valvae different in shape, the ramus very short and robust,

and the vesica without large cornuti, but with a field of numerous, equally small thorns

only. In female genitalia the rounded papillae anales, the ductus bursae sclerotized in

the upper half, the spiralled ductus seminalis, and the oviform corpus bursae with two

signa situated on opposite sides distinguish E. gina from E. coreana without doubts.

38 IGNATYEV & Witt: The Eilema griseola species group from Russia

Distribution. Japan (Honshu (Morioka), Akita city (Wariyama)). Recorded by Duba-

tolov et al. (1993) as E. coreana also from Tsushima island.

Remarks. Thanks to the courtesy of Mr. Yazunori Kishida, we were able to investigate

three specimens of Eilema gina Okano, 1954 [1955]. The species has been considered for

a long time as a synonym of E. coreana Leech. Surprisingly, in the original description,

Okano compared E. gina with E. japonica Daniel, 1954 only, and mentioned a similarity

in colouration of wings and distinct differences in the male genitalia of both taxa.

Inoue & Yamamoto (1961) were the first to consider E. gina to be conspecific with

E. coreana on the basis of the investigation of specimens and genitalia slides. Kobayashi

(1969) also considered E. gina as a synonym to E. coreana, and compared it with

japonica Daniel.” But the characters mentioned above in the diagnosis clearly show

that E. gina is different from E. coreana.

Eilema (Collita) okanoi Inoue, 1961 | Figs 20, 33, 45

Eilema okanoi Inoue, 1961: 627. The name was introduced as replacement for montana Okano, 1954

[1955].

Eilema griseolum montana Okano, 1954 [1955]: 62. Type locality: [Japan] ‘Honshu, Goshogake-ousen

(ca. 1000 m.), Akita Préf.’. Holotype: male (not found, probably in Iwate Univ.). The name montana

is a primary homonym of Ei/ema montana Aurivillius, 1910, Sjöstedt Kilimanjaro-Meru Exp. 2 (9):

21a ply Lip. 120: |

Description. Adult male. Wingspan 28-32. Ground colour of wings brown-grey;

forewing costal streak yellow and wider in basal half; hindwing coloured evenly, paler

than forewing; both wings with margin of pale scales. Head and tegulae yellow; patagia

darker at tip; thorax dark-grey.

Female (Fig. 20) larger, with wingspan 32-34 mm; forewing grey; costal streak

yellow and widening towards the base; hindwing uniformly grey, paler. Fore and

hindwing with margin of pale scales. Head and tegulae yellow; patagia darker at tip;

thorax dark grey.

Male genitalia (Fig. 33). Uncharacteristic, but phallus with elongate, sharpened

apical spur.

Female genitalia (Fig. 45). Papillae anales rounded. Ostium wide. Ductus bursae

strongly sclerotized at base. Ductus seminalis with small appendage in cranial half;

corpus bursae oviform with two rounded signa.

Diagnosis. Similar to £. vetusta aegrota Butler, but smaller (wingspan 28-34 mm versus

36-38 mm). Differs from Eilema griseola in male genitalia by the very characteristic,

elongate, pointed apical spur of the phallus.

Distribution. The species is known from the Southern Kuriles (Kunashir, Shikotan,

after Dubatolov, 1991) and Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu).

Remarks. The female is described here for the first time.

' ‘Cette espèce voisine de japonica, quant à la coloration des ailes; s’en distingue par sa taille sensible-

ment inférieure et par la structure des genitalia males.’

“...and sometimes liable to be confused with small aestival specimens of japonica, but fore

wing lighter grey and the structure of male genitalia quite distinct from it in the shape of valve...”

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 25-43 39

Eilema (Collita) digna sp. n. Figs 21, 22, 34, 46

Material. Holotype: &, UdSSR [Russia], Far East, Primorye, Dorf Kamenuschka, VI. 1993, Lf.,

ex coll. Kautt [MWM] (GU 10.984). Paratypes: 19, UdSSR, Far East, Primorye, Dorf Kamenuschka,

vii.1993, Lf., ex coll. Kautt [MWM] (GU 10985); 1, Primorskiy kray, Ussur. r., vill. Kaymanovka, 1975.

vii.17, ex. coll. A. Tsvetaev [ZMMGU].

Description. Adult male (Fig. 21). Wingspan 36 mm. Forewing grey with dark

grey scales at base of costal margin and with cilia dirty yellow. Hindwing dark yellow

with paler cilia. Head yellow; patagia with grey scales at tip. Abdomen dorsally grey,

with paler tip.

Male genitalia (Fig. 34). Uncus long, slightly curved and terminally acute.

Tegumen ribbon-shaped. Valvae symmetrical, not serrate on distal margin, without

sharpened costal lobe, with hook-shaped appendages in lower third. Phallus tubular,

expanding towards base. Opening of vesica dorsal; vesica elongate with small lobe on

upper third; with 6 cornuti of different sizes on distal side and numerous very small

thorns on opposite surface.

Female (Fig. 22) larger than male (wingspan 47 mm). Ground colour of wings grey

and paler than in male. Costal margin of forewing pale yellow, wider at base. Hindwing

dirty yellow with paler cilia. Head yellow; patagia with admixture of grey scales. Dorsal

side of abdomen grey, bearing pale scales at tip.

Female genitalia (Fig. 46). Papillae anales rounded, with shallow emargination

medially. Ostium sclerotized. Ductus seminalis wide, S-shaped. Corpus bursae oviform,

with two signa of different shapes.

Diagnosis. The species differs from other species in the larger size and the width and

shape of the forewing, which has the apex distinctly expressed. The structure of the

male genitalia should be used for safe identification. The genitalia of both sexes are

very characteristic with the valvae symmetrical and the saccus bearing a long, curved

and acute lower sclerotized lobe.

Distribution. The taxon is known so far only from its type locality in Far East of

Russia.

Eilema (Collita) chinensis (Daniel, 1954) Figs 23, 24, 35, 36, 47

Lithosia griseola chinensis Daniel, 1954: 109, figs 64, 65. Type locality: [China, Prov. Shaanxi] ‘Prov.

Shansi, Mien-Shan, obere Höhe, ca. 2000 m.’. Lectotype: male [ZFMK], here designated.

Description. Adult male (Fig. 23). Wingspan 37—39 mm. Forewing yellowish grey

with paler costal streak more distinctly expressed in first third. Hindwing paler. Head

and patagia yellow; tegulae with admixture of dark scales. Abdomen yellow, more

extensively coloured in distal half.

Male genitalia (Figs 35, 36). Uncus with small thorn at tip. Valvae asymmetrical,

with external margins not serrate, with appendages on upper part curved anteriorly;

ramus narrower at tip, its basal half widening (approximately twice). Phallus tubular,

narrower at tip, without bifurcation in distal part, with one apical thorn. Vesica with 4—5

strong cornuti and zone of small sclerotized thorns.

40 IGNATYEV & Witt: The Eilema griseola species group from Russia

Fig. 49. Distribution of Eilema vetusta.

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 25-43 4]

Female (Fig. 24). Smaller, without sexual dimorphism in colouration and other

external characters.

Female genitalia (Fig. 47). Uncharacteristic: vaginal plates absent, papillae ana-

lis rounded, ductus seminalis long, entwined around oviform corpus bursae with two

signa. Ductus bursae with characteristic sclerotized plate, with tip directed cranially

and widened distally.

Diagnosis. The species is generally paler than £. griseola Hübner. The apical thorn

of the phallus appears to be the main diagnostic character for the separation of this

species.

Distribution. The species is known from Mongolia (Daniel 1954: 109) and China:

Shensi, Shaanxi, Heilongjang (Manchuria).

Remarks. On the basis of the structure of the male genitalia we consider FE. chinensis to

be a valid species restricted to China. In the original description, Daniel gave figures of

the male genitalia (under numbers GU 503, 524), but did not give the number of syntypes

and did not segregate a holotype from those. Specimens with the labels “holotype” and

“allotype” were found in the collection of ZFMK. However, these designations are

not valid because they are not mentioned in the description. To clear up this situation

and for taxonomic stability (ICZN Article 74, 1999) a lectotype for Lithosia griseola

chinensis Daniel, 1954, is designated here from the original type series of Daniel. This

male specimen in the ZFMK bears the following labels: ‘Mien-Shan (Prov. Shansi)

| Obere Höhe ca. 2000 m | 12.7 1937. H. Héne’ <printed>, red label ‘Holotypus |

Lithosia griseola | ssp. chinensis | Daniel 1947’ <printed> and printed on white paper

‘ARC-010 | N. Ignatyev prep. 2006’ is designated here as the lectotype. It received an

additional red printed label with the text ‘LECTOTYPE | Lithosia griseola | chinensis

Daniel, 1954, | des. Ignatyev & Witt’. All other specimens in ZFMK and MWM are

paralectotypes. In the original description, Daniel mentioned the distribution of this

taxon in the following way: “Während bei griseo/a von Europa über die Mongolei und

Mandschurei bis Japan der ¢ Genitalapparat die beschriebene Form einheitlich bewahrt,

fehlt bei den Stücken aus Shansı und Süd Shensi ... Lediglich die große Serie vom Mien

Shan enstammt ausschließlich dem Sammelplatz “obere Höhe” und auch im Tapaishan

wurde nur zwischen 1700 und 3000 m Höhe gesammelt. Ich betrachte deshalb ssp.

chinensis als einen unter völlig veränderten Lebensbedingungen umgeformten Stamm

und halte die übergangslose Differenz im Bau des Genitalapparates für bedeutend

genug, thre Abtrennung zu rechtfertigen.”

Conclusions

The subgenus Collita proved to be represented in Europe by only a single species

whereas it is represented in the East Palearctic Region by seven distinct species. More

species of the complex are expected to be found at least in China. Distinct subspeciation

can also only be observed in the East Palearctic Region in the case of E. griseola and

E. vetusta. Both developed distinguishable subspecies in Japan, and E. griseola also

on Sakhalin. The hypothesis that the age of Collita in Asia is older and that £. griseola

colonized Europe more recently seems to be justified.

42 IGNATYEV & Witt: The Eilema griseola species group from Russia

Two different phylogenetic lineages are distinct in the group under consideration; the

griseola-lineage (with most species) and the coreana-lineage (with coreana and gina

only). In most characters (symmetry of genital armature of males, shape of genital

sclerites, wing shape, general distribution, etc.) the coreana-lineage seems to be more

primitive and should be placed at the base of the Collita-branch.

The complex of Eilema griseola Hübner, now including seven species, can be

characterized by the shapes of the valvae and phallus, which may be considered as

autapomorphies.

During this investigation previous misidentifications were corrected (E. coreana auct.

for Eilema ussurica, E. gina as misidentification of ‘Japanese coreana’, and others).

The relationships between the Collita taxa (on the basis of the structure of male and

female genitalia and external appearance) were discussed and, as a result, some old

synonyms are re-established and new specific combinations for three taxa were stated

(Eilema vetusta aegrota Butler, 1877, Eilema griseola sachalinensis Matsumura, 1930,

and Eilema chinensis Daniel, 1954). Eilema gina Okano, 1954 [1955] is considered to

be a separate species native to Japan, probably a vicariant of Eilema coreana Leech,

1888. For taxonomic stability three lectotypes were designated.

Acknowledgements

For help in the work with the museums’ collection material, technical provision, providing of photos

and consultations the authors express their sincere thanks to Dr. Sergej Ju. Sinev (ZISP), Dr. Andrej V.

Sviridov (ZMMGU), Mr. Igor Yu. Kostjuk (ZMKU), Mr. Ulf Buchsbaum and Dr. Axel Hausmann (ZSSM),

Dr. Wolfram Mey (ZMHUB), Dr. Dieter Stiining (ZFMK), Mrs Svetlana V. Nedoshivina (SPbGU), Mr.

Jeoff Martin and Mr. Martin Honey (BMNH). For the supply of material from Japan the authors express

their gratuity to Dr. Yoshizawa Kazunori (DEHU) and Mr. Yazunori Kishida (Tokyo). For the general

management and consultation the authors express their thanks to Dr. Vadim V. Zolotuhin (Uljanovsk,

UIGPU) and Dr. Wolfgang Speidel (MWM). Moreover we thank Juliane Diller (ZSM) for providing

references. The investigations of N. Ignatyev were financially supported by the Thomas-Witt-Stiftung in

2006.

References

Butler, A. G. 1877. Descriptions of new species of Heterocera from Japan. Part I. Sphinges and Bomby-

ces. — Annals and Magazine of Natural History, including Zoology, Botany, and Geology (4) 20 (119):

393-404.

Daniel, F. 1954. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Arctiidae Ostasiens unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der

Ausbeuten von Dr. h. c. H. Höne aus diesem Gebiet (Lep. Het.). III Teil: Lithosiinae. — Bonner

zoologische Beiträge 5: 89-138.

Dubatolov, V. V. 1991. Moths from Southern Sakhalin and Kunashir, collected in 1989. Part 1.

Macroheterocera, excluding Geometridae and Noctuidae. — Japan Heterocerists’ Journal 161:

182-187.

Dubatolov, V. V. & Yu. A. Tshistjakov & J. Viidalepp. 1993. A list of the Lithosiinae of the territory of the

former USSR (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae). — Atalanta 24 (1/2): 165-175.

Dubatolov, V. V. & G. S. Zolotarenko. 1990. [K faune medveditzeobraznykh tscheshuekrylykh (Lepido-

ptera: Nolidae, Arctiidae) Zapadno-Sibirskoj ravniny] To a fauna of arctioid moths (Lepidoptera:

Nolidae, Arctiidae) of West Siberian plate. Tschlenistonogie 1 Gelminty. , Nauka“. Novosibirsk. Pp.

122-139 (in Russian).

Freina, J. J. de & T. J. Witt 1987. Die Bombyces und Sphinges der Westpalaearktis (Insecta, Lepido-

ptera). 1. Edition Forschung & Wissenschaft, München. 708 pp. (incl. 46 col. plates).

Hübner, J. 1796-1838 [imprint “1796”]. Sammlung Europäischer Schmetterlinge. Bombyces. 194 pp.,

83 pls. — Augsburg.

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 25-43 43

Inoue, H. 1961. Checklist of the Lepidoptera of Japan. Part 6. Hyblaeidae — Sphingidae. Tokyo. Rikusui-

sha. Pp. 621-683.

Inoue, H. 1982. Arctiidae. /n: Inoue, H., Sugi, S., Kuroko, H., Moriuti, S. & A. Kawabe. 1982. Moths of

Japan. Kodansha, Tokyo. Vol. 1. 966 pp., Vol. 2. 522 pp., 392 plates.

Inoue, H. & H. Yamamoto 1961. A synonymic note on several Japanese species of the genus Filema

(Lepidoptera, Arctiidae). — Kontyu 29: 72-77.

Kobayashi, H. 1969. On the genus Ei/ema from Japan (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae) — Transactions of the lepi-

dopterological Society of Japan 20 (1 & 2): 41-52.

Leech, J. H. 1888. On the Lepidoptera of Japan and Corea. — Part II. Heterocera, sect. I — Proceedings of

the zoological Society of London, 1888: 58-655.

Matsumura, S. 1930. New species and forms of Arctiidae from Japan. — Insecta matsumurana 5: 31-40.

Okano, M. 1955. Le genre Ei/ema Hiibner du Japon (Lep., Arctiidae, Lithosiinae). — Annual Report of the

Gakugei Faculty of the Iwate University 7 (1954) 2: 61-64.

Staudinger, O. 1892. Die Macrolepidopteren des Amurgebiets. |. Theil. Rhopalocera, Sphinges, Bom-

byces, Noctuae. /n: Romanoff, N. M., Mémoires sur les Lépidopteres 6: 83-658, pls 4-14.

Walker, F. 1854. List of the specimens of Lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Muse-

um. Vol. 2. Edward Newman, London. Pp. 279-581.

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Nota lepid. 30 (1): 45-50 45

On the identity of the Turkish species of the

Eriogaster rimicola-group (Lasiocampidae)

VADIM V. ZOLOTUHIN

Department of Zoology, State Pedagogical University of Uljanovsk, pl. 100-letia Lenina 4,

RUS-432700 Uljanovsk, Russia; e-mail: v.zolot@mail.ru

Abstract. Bombyx rimicola inspersa Staudinger, 1879 stat. rev. is raised from the rank of subspecies of

Eriogaster rimicola ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) to the rank of a separate species, with a new syno-

nym Eriogaster nippei de Freina, 1988 syn. n. A lectotype for Bombyx Rimicola Hb. var. Inspersa Staudinger,

1879 is designated from the collection of the Museum fiir Naturkunde, Humboldt-Universität, Berlin. A new

subspecies, Eriogaster rimicola cahama ssp. n. is described (type locality: Western Turkey, Kizilcahaman).

Distribution data are given for the species of the rimicola-group in Turkey.

Zusammenfassung. Bombyx rimicola inspersa Staudinger, 1879 stat. rev. wird aus dem Rang einer

Unterart von Eriogaster rimicola ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) in den Rang einer eigenen Art erhoben.

Damit ergibt sich folgende neue Synonymie: Eriogaster nippei de Freina, 1988 syn. n. Eine Lectotypus von

Bombyx Rimicola Hb. var. Inspersa Staudinger, 1879, wird aus dem Material des Museums für Naturkunde,

Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin designiert. Eine neue Unterart, Eriogaster rimicola cahama ssp. n., wird

aus [Asia minor] Westtürkei, Kizilcahaman, hier beschrieben. Verbreitungsdateien werden für die Arten der

rimicola-Gruppe der Türkei angegeben.

Pesrome. Bombyx rimicola inspersa Staudinger, 1879, u3bIMaeTca 43 TONBNAOB K Eriogaster rimicola

([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) u paccmarpnBaerca B paHre CaMOCTOATEJIBHOTO XOPOMIETO BHJIA, YTO

IIPUBOAMT K yCTaHOBJICHHIO HOBO CHHOHUMHH: Eriogaster nippei de Freina, 1988, syn. n. Jia Bombyx

Rimicola Hb. var. Inspersa Staudinger, 1879, o6o3Hauex JIeKTOTHI 43 KOJICKUMN YHHUBEPCHTETA HMEHH

A. TymOonpata B bepsimHe. Orncan Hopp nongnx Eriogaster rimicola cahama, ssp. n. C TUIOBBIM

MECTOHAXOKIICHHEM: Asia min., Kizilcahaman. /Iıa BHAOB rpynnBi rimicola bayHbı Typumn abl JaHHbIe

TO paclipoctpaHeHuto.

Introduction

The type series of Eriogaster rimicola inspersa (Staudinger) was investigated in August

2005 during my revisional work of the type specimens of the Lasiocampidae of the

collection of the Museum für Naturkunde, Humboldt Universität, Berlin (ZMHB). This

study led to two quite unexpected results. Firstly, the type series of inspersa is not

conspecific with Eriogaster rimicola ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) from Europe,

but is conspecific with Eriogaster nippei de Freina, 1988. This means that the subspe-

cies of Eriogaster rimicola from Turkey, which is distinct from that of Europe, is yet

unnamed. Thus Bombyx rimicola var. inspersa Staudinger is removed here from the

rank of a subspecies of rimicola and raised to the rank of a separate species, E. nip-

pei de Freina is synonymized with it, and a new subspecies of E. rimicola is described

from Turkey.

Abbreviations

CAHU collection of Armin Hauenstein (Untermühkheim-Schöneberg, Germany)

CMSW collection of Manfred Ströhle (Weiden, Germany)

MWM Entomologisches Museum Thomas Witt (Miinchen, Germany)

SMNK Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde (Karlsruhe, Germany).

ZMHB Museum fiir Naturkunde, A. Humboldt-Universität, Berlin (Germany)

Nota lepidopterologica, 15.05.2007, ISSN 0342-7536

46 ZOLOTUHIN: The Eriogaster rimicola-group from Turkey

Eriogaster inspersa Staudinger, 1879, stat. rev. Figs 7-10, 16

Bomb. Rimicola Hb., var. Inspersa Staudinger, 1879: 356. Type locality: “bei Mersin”. Lectotype: male

(ZMHB), here designated.

Eriogaster nippei de Freina, 1988: 379, figs 2, 3. syn. n. Locus typicus: [Turkey] Kleinasien, Prov. Isparta,

westl. Taurus, Kovada gölü, 1000 m. Holotype: male (MWM).

Material. Lectotype S and 19, 29 paralectotypes of Bombyx rimicola inspersa Staudinger (see

Taxonomic notes below). Holotype © of E. nippei de Freina, Turkey, Anatolia, Taurus, Kovada göl, 1000

m, iv.1971, Czipka leg. (MWM); 10 paratype of E. nippei de Freina, Taurusgebirge (Türkei), 30 km S

von Antalya, 5.111.1985, ex L., leg. Nippe (MWM); 2, Türkei, Prov. Hakkari, 37°29’N, 43°06,5’E, Tanin

Daglari, 1250 m, 3 km O Mutluca, 0,5 km W Basharan Köy, 23.1v.1987, LF, leg. W. Wolf (MWM); 19,

Antalya Umg., 10 hm, 50 m, 29.111.1989, leg. S. Ortner (MWM); 29, Prov. Adana, ca 20 km N Kozen,

37°39’27”N, 35°51’60”E [sic!], 600 m, 27.-28.111.2000, leg. H. & P. Kautt (CAHU); 29, Türkei, Antalya,

Umg. Antalya, 50 m, 25.11.1986, leg. H. Ortner (CAHU); 20°, Taurus, Anatolia, Kovada-göl, iv.1971,

Czipka leg. (SMNK); 390°, 69, Prov. Mersin, Gülmar, 10 km südl., 800 m, 8.—10.111.1972 (CMSW);

19, Türkei, Prov. Bilecik, Bilecik, 700 m, 25.111.1997, M. Ströhle leg. (CMSW); 60°, 19, Prov. Burdur,

Yesilova, Güney, 1200 m, 26.11.1972 (CMSW); 29, Prov. Corum, Corum, 800 m, 27.111.1993, M.

Ströhle leg. (CMSW); 109, 159, Prov. Kizilcahaman, Ankara, 700 m, 10.111.1994 ex ovo, M. Ströhle leg.

(CMSW).

Diagnosis. The species differs externally from the European E. rimicola as well as from

its Turkish subspecies in being darker and stouter, with a shagreen ground color and an in-

distinct discal spot. It is slightly but constantly larger (wingspan: 31-33 mm in males and

about 37-38 mm in females), and darker (especially in the coloration of the hind wing)

than rimicola. The differential features between both species are given by J. de Freina

(1988) in his description of nippei.

Male genitalia (Fig. 16). Without tergal appendages, with short bilobed valvae

and flattened, broad, plate-like vinculum with rudimentar saccus. Phallus tubular, slightly

curved, with dorsal opening of vesica, without cornuti.

Taxonomic notes. In the original description of inspersa Stgr., four specimens were men-

tioned as “Ich besitze hiervor zwei Paare” (Staudinger, 1879: 356). Both pairs are pre-

served in ZMHB. From these, a male bearing the following labels is designated as the

lectotype: ‘Mersina | Ld’ <hand-written on yellowish paper>, ‘Origin.’ <printed on pink

paper”, ‘ex coll. Staudinger’ <printed on white paper>, ‘Coll. HU-Berlin | Lasiocampidae

| V. Zolotuhin prep. | GU 2005-18’ <printed within a black frame on white paper>, and

‘Lectotype | Bombyx Rimicola | Inspersa Stgr, 1879 | V. Zolotuhin des.’ <printed on red

card stock>. The other three specimens are designated paralectotypes and were given ap-

propriate red labels.

Remarks. In contrast to the other species of the group, which are active from late autumn

to early winter, E. inspersa is on the wing in March-April. As far as known, the range of

Figs 1-12. Eriogaster species. 1. E. rimicola rimicola Den. et Schiff., male, Wien, e. 1. IX 1935, Fr. Popp

(MWM). 2. E. rimicola rimicola Den. et Schiff., female, München, Allach, 25.1X 1917, leg. Dr. Schneider

(MWM). 3. E. rimicola cahama ssp. nov., male, holotype (MWM). 4. E. rimicola ?hackeri de Freina,

female, Iraq, Zawita Dohuk, 1-3.XII 1977, leg. Topal & Zilahy (MWM). 5. E. rimicola hackeri de Freina,

male, Turkey, Prov. Icel, 7 km NW of Kayaci, 1000 m, 34°10’E, 36°42’N, 21.X 1993, leg. Gy. Fabian, B.

Herczig, Gy. Laszlo and K. Szeöke (MWM). 6. E. rimicola hackeri de Freina, male, holotype (MWM). 7.

E. inspersa Stgr., male, lectotype of Bombyx Rimicola Hb. var. Inspersa Staudinger (ZMHB). 8. E. inspersa

Stgr., female, paralectotype of Bombyx Rimicola Hb. var. Inspersa Staudinger (ZMHB). 9. E. inspersa Stgr.,

male, holotype of Eriogaster nippei de Freina (MWM). 10. E. inspersa Stgr., female, Türkei N, Antalya

Umg., 10 hm, 50 m, 29.111 1989, leg. S. Ortner (MWM). 11. E. philipsi Bartel, male, Pal[ästina]., Tel-Aviv,

e. 1. 12.X1[19]52, Byt.-Salz (MWM). 12. E. philipsi Bartel, female, Palästina, 1907, Sohaw (MWM).

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 45-50 47

Ban

48 ZOLOTUHIN: The Eriogaster rimicola-group from Turkey

E. inspersa is limited to Turkey (Provinces of Adana, Antalya, Bilecik, Burdur, Corum,

Hakkari, Isparta, Kizilcahaman, and Mersin).

Eriogaster rimicola cahama ssp. n. Figs 3, 14

Weiden’, ‘Holotype | Eriogaster | rimicola | cahama sp. n. | des. V. Zolotuhin’ < printed on red card stock>

(MWM). — Paratypes: 39 © with same data as holotype (MWM); 1 ©, [Turkey] Anatolien, Kizilcahaman,

x.1970, Pinker leg. (MWM); 1 ©, Asia min., Kizilcahaman, 11.-13.x1.1977, Friedel leg. (MWM); 1 ©,

Turkey, Prov. Ankara, Camlidere, 1500 m, 32°25’E, 40°26°N, 8.x.1988, Szaboky leg. (MWM).

Description. Adult male (Fig. 3). Wingspan 23—28 mm. Wings and body light

brownish rosy, fore wings short and broad, with rounded outer margin and with slightly

darker costal edge and indistinct round discal spot sometimes absent. Cilia dull brownish-

rosy, uninterrupted.

Male genitalia (Fig. 14). Without tergal appendages, with narrow vinculum and

slender saccus; valvae short and compact, with lower membranous setose love. Phallus

tubular, slightly curved, with short apical spur, vesica without cornuti.

Diagnosis. This subspecies differs from the nominate subspecies by its smaller size (wing-

span: 23-26 mm, rarely reaching 28 mm, in contrast to the 25-31 mm of the nominate

subspecies), softer and lighter ground colour, and remarkable reduction of the whitish

discal spot of the forewing. There are no significant differential features in the male and

female genitalia from the nominate subspecies (Fig. 14). From E. inspersa it can be dif-

ferentiated easily by the narrow (not plate-like) vinculum and distinct, slender (not rudi-

mental) saccus, and more compact valvae.

Etymology. The epithet “cahama” originates from “Kizilcahaman”, the name of the type

locality.

Distribution. Western, northern, and central Turkey.

The other Eriogaster species of Turkey

Eriogaster 1s represented in the fauna of Turkey by five more members of the pfeifferi-

group and the /anestris-catax-group. Surprisingly, so far no species of subgenus Autosphyla

Rambur, 1866 are known from Turkey whereas E. (A.) neogena F. de Waldheim [1823]

1823-1824 and E. (A.) henkei Staudinger, 1879 are known from neighboring territories

where they have been found in late autumn in arid biotopes.

One more subspecies of Eriogaster rimicola Hbn. is known from Turkey, E. r. hackeri

de Freina, 1999. It is characterized by a larger size (wingspan: 32—34 mm in males) and

darker brownish-rosy ground color (Figs 5, 6). Its distribution 1s limited to eastern Turkey

(Prov. Tokat, Icel, Konya, Erzurum, Erzincan, Kütahya) and Iraq (based on 17 males, 2

females, Iraq, Zawita Dohuk, 1-3.XII 1977, leg. Topal & Zilahy in MWM). Probably this

was the subspecies that was mentioned by Wiltshire (1957: 43) as “Eriogaster philippsi

Bart. ? subsp. n.” with the following comment: “Inhabits oak woods in the mountains.

Univoltine, probably flying in early November. The larva feeds on oaks (Quercus) and

is gregarious in flat webs usually at the roots of trees. Their position is thus different

from that of the typical philippsi of the Lebanon, whose webs are high in oak branches.

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 45-50 49

Figs 13-16. Male genitalia of Eriogaster species (from de Freina, 1988 and 1999, with changes). 13. E.

rimicola rimicola Den. & Schiff., Hungary. 14. E. rimicola cahama ssp. nov., western Turkey. 15. E. rimi-

cola hackeri de Freina, male, Turkey, Erzurum. 16. E. inspersa Stgr., male, holotype of Eriogaster nippei

de Freina.

The larval coloration differs. Unfortunately efforts to rear the adults from larvae at

Shaqlawa and Salah-ud-Din were unsuccessful and the adult has not yet been captured”.

Eriogaster philippsi Bartel, 1904 is the smallest member of the group; it has the fore-

wing with a light ash-rose ground color and a dark yellowish costal field. It is known from

Palestine, Syria, Israel, and Jordania, and flies between November and January. It is yet

unknown in Iraq, where only E. rimicola hackeri appears to be native. Similar moths, but

probably not belonging to ssp. hackeri are also known from south-western Iran (Fars:

Kazerun).

50 ZOLOTUHIN: The Eriogaster rimicola-group from Turkey

Thus, the complex of species of the Eriogaster rimicola-group can be considered as con-

sisting of the following members in Turkey:

Eriogaster rimicola hackeri de Freina, 1999: figs 3j—4b; pl. 11, figs 13-15

Type locality: Turkey, Prov. Erzurum, Siganli Dagl., Ovit-Paß, 10 km NW Ispir, 1450-1500 m. Holotype:

male (MWM).

Eriogaster rimicola cahama Zolotuhin, ssp. n.

Type locality: Turkey, Kizilcahaman.

Eriogaster inspersa Staudinger, 1879

Type locality: Turkey, Mersin.

Acknowledgements

This work was kindly supported by the following colleagues, to whom I express my sincere thanks:

Armin Hauenstein (Untermühkheim-Schöneberg, Germany), Wolfram Mey (Berlin, Germany), Manfred

Ströhle (Weiden, Germany), Robert Trusch (Karlsruhe, Germany), Thomas J. Witt (Munich, Germany),

and Reza Zahiri (Tehran, Iran). I am also grateful to Bernard Landry, Muséum d’histoire naturelle

(Geneva, Switzerland) for revising the manuscript. This investigation was supported financially both

by the Thomas Witt-Stiftung and by the Lepidoptera section of the Museum fiir Naturkunde, Berlin in

2005 and 2006.

References

Freina J., de 1988. 5. Beitrag zur systematischen Erfassung der Bombyces- und Sphinges-Fauna Klein-

asiens. Eine neue Eriogaster-Art, Eriogaster nippei spec. n. aus dem Taurus (Lepidoptera, Lasiocam-

pidae). — Atalanta, Wiirzburg 18: 379-383.

Freina J., de 1999. 10. Beitrag zur systematischen Erfassung der Bombyces- und Sphinges-Fauna

Kleinasiens. Weitere Kenntnisse über Artenspektrum, Systematik und Verbreitung der Lasiocampi-

dae, Lemoniidae, Notodontidae, Thaumetopoeidae, Lymantriidae, Arctiidae und Cymatophoridae

(Insecta, Lepidoptera). — Atalanta, Würzburg 30: 187-257.

Staudinger, O. 1879. Lepidopteren-Fauna Kleinasien’s. — Horae Societatis entomologicae Rossicae 14:

176-482.

Wiltshire E. P. 1957. The Lepidoptera of Iraq. — Adlard & Son, Bartholomew Press, Dorking, 162 pp.

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 51-57 5]

Eine neue Art der Gattung Melittia Hübner, 1819

aus dem Dhofar, Südoman (Sesiidae: Sesiinae: Melittiini)

JOSEF J. DE FREINA

Eduard-Schmid-Str. 10, 81541 München, Germany; e-mail: defreina.j@online.de

Abstract. Melittia moni sp.n. is described from Dhofar in southern Oman. Its habitats are up to about 1000

m high, on southern slopes ofthe Jabal Qara mountain range, which are heavily wooded, consisting main-

ly of deciduous bushland and thicket composed of spiny, many-stemmed bushes such as Acacia senegal

(Leguminosae), Maytenus dhofariensis (Celastraceae), Croton confertus (Euphorbiaceae), and Blepharis

permum (Compositae). The habitus of the male, its genitalia, as well as the habitat of the new species are

illustrated. The female is unknown. This new species is similar to members of the afro-tropical Melittia

oedipus Oberthiir, 1878 species group.

Zusammenfassung. Melittia moni sp. n. wird aus dem Dhofar in Stidoman beschrieben. Ihre Lebensräume

sind die bis zu 1000 m hohen Südhänge des Jabal Qara-Gebirgszugs, die mit einem dichten Buschwald

überzogen sind, der sich überwiegend aus Acacia senegal (Leguminosae), Maytenus dhofariensis

(Celastraceae), Croton confertus (Euphorbiaceae) und Blepharis permum (Compositae) zusammensetzt.

Das Männchen, dessen Genital sowie der Lebensraum der neuen Art, die habituell der afrotropischen

Melittia oedipus Oberthür, 1878 Artengruppe näher steht, werden abgebildet. Das Weibchen der neuen Art

ist unbekannt.

Einleitung

Die Sesienfauna der Arabischen Halbinsel kennt bisher sieben Arten: Crinipus leuco-

zonipus Hampson, 1896 und Homogyna pygmaea (Rebel, 1899), beide südwestara-

bisch endemisch, Bembecia balkis (Le Cerf [in Warnecke], 1937) mit ssp. atrocaudata

Wiltshire, 1986, arabisch endemisch, Melittia simonyi Rebel, 1899, vermutlich ost-

eremisch, Melittia haematopis Fawcett, 1916, ein äthiopisches Faunenelement, sowie

zwei weitere Melittia-Arten aus dem Jemen (Petersen 2001). Deren eine ist mit hoher

Wahrscheinlichkeit als Melittia oedipus Oberthür, 1878 fehlinterpretiert, die andere,

noch unbeschriebene Art, scheint habituell Melittia lentistriata Hampson, 1919 nahe

zu stehen. Auf seiner dritten Omanexkursion entdeckte der Verfasser nun eine weitere,

bisher unbekannte Art fiir die Arabische Halbinsel, die zugleich die erste Sesiidae-Art

fiir die Fauna des Oman ist (vgl. Wiltshire 1980, 1990), Die neue Art der Gattung

Melittia Hübner, 1819 wird in folgendem beschrieben.

Abkürzungen

ATA Anterior transparent area; transparente, keilf6rmige Mittelzelle im Vorderfliigel

CDBS coll. Bartsch, Stuttgart

CDFM coll. de Freina, Miinchen

ETA External transparent area; äußeres Glasfeld im Vorderflügel

Gen.Präp. Genitalpräparat

MWM Museum Witt, München

PTA Posterior transparent area; von der Basis ausgehende schuppenlose, längliche Mittelzelle am

Innenrand des Vorderflügels

Nota lepidopterologica, 15.05.2007, ISSN 0342-7536

32 DE FREINA: Melittia moni sp. n. from the Oman

Melittia moni sp. n.

Material. Holotype ©: S-Oman, Dhofar, Jabal al Qara, ca. 15 km NE Taqah, Wadi Darbant, 500 m,

11.-12.12.2006, leg. de Freina, ex coll. CDFM (MWM). — Paratypen: 70°, gleiche Daten wie Holotypus,

davon 10 genitalisiert (Gen.Präp. de Freina 2007/44), coll. CDFM, CDBS (1); 20°, Dhofar, Jabal al

Qara, 20 km N Salalah, Wadi Nahiz, ca. 300 m, 28.11.-10.12.2002, leg. et coll. de Freina; 19, Dhofar,

Jabal al Qara, 30 km E Salalah, 10 km W Tagah, Straße nach Nasheb, ca. 500 m, 28.11.-10.12. 2006,

leg. et coll. de Freina; 40°, Dhofar, Jabal al Qara, 35 km E Salalah/8km W Taqah, Ayn Tabruq, 250 m,

28.11.-12.12.2006, leg. et coll. de Freina; 29, Dhofar, Jabal al Qara-Nordausläufer, ca. 40 km N Salalah,

Qairoon Hairitti, 400 m, 28.-30.11.2006, leg. et coll. de Freina.

Beschreibung. (Fig. 1-6). Holotypus S Spannweite 29 mm, Vorderflügellänge 13 mm,

Körperlänge 13 mm, Fühlerlänge 7, 5 mm.

Kopf. Antennen dunkel rötlich braun, kurz pectinat, Länge der Wimpernbüschel

gleich der Breite der Flagellomeren im mittleren Fühlerabschnitt, der clavate distale

Fühlerabschnitt unciliat und unbeschuppt, das Schuppenbüschel an der Antennenspitze

relativ lang; Rüssel gut entwickelt; Frons und Labialpalpen beidseitig weißlich, rost-

braun meliert, Vertex weiflich, schmal, die pericephalischen Haare weißlich-ockergelb

meliert.

Thorax. Dorsal und ventral dunkelbraun, bei Lichteinfall schwach umbrabraun glän-

zend, Metathorax dorsal rôtlich braun eingefasst, Mesothorax mit einem auf das pro-

ximale Drittel beschränkten ockergelben Scheitelstrich; Patagia schmal, gelb ocker,

Tegulae wie der Thorax dunkelbraun mit ockerbraunem Innenrand und distal rôtlich

ockerfarbener Beschuppung.

Beine. Vorderbeine ockergelb; mittleres Beinpaar mit hell ockerfarbener Coxa, bräun-

licher Tibia mit weiBlichem Haarbiischel und schwarzen Spornen und Tarsengliedern;

Hinterbeine rostbraun, stellenweise weißlich meliert, Schuppenbiischel der Hinterbeine

bis zum letzten Tarsalglied reichend, proximal ocker braun-ockergelb-schwarz durch-

mischt, innen tiefschwarz.

Vorderflügel. Gedrungen wirkend, dunkelbraun, Geäder schwarzbraun; die dunk-

len Zeichnungselemente Apikalrand und Diskalfleck sowie die Rander der Glasfenster

mit glanzender, verschwommen wirkender orange brauner, bei Lichteinfall goldorange

schimmernder Einfassung; Costalrand breit, auch das Apikalfeld relativ breit, zwischen

den Adern R, und M, ausgebuchtet; die ETA setzt sich aus sechs Teilfenstern zusammen,

deren zwei obere durch die Ausbuchtung des Apikalflecks um etwa 1/3 ktirzer sind als

die Fenster 3—5; das Teilfenster zwischen CU, und Cu, ist zwar das längste, dafür aber

sehr schmal und bei frischen Exemplaren beschuppt, deshalb meist weniger auffal-

lig; der beschuppte Stamm der Medialader im ATA kurz vor dem proximalen spitzen

Ende sich verlierend; PTA von der Fliigelbasis bis zum Diskalfleck reichend, deutlich

ausgeprägt, proximal geringfiigig breiter als distal; Diskalfleck tiefschwarz, annähernd

rechteckig; Fliigelbasis mit orangefarbenem Schuppenbiischel; Fransen schwarzbraun,

deutlich, über den gesamten Außenrand gleich lang.

Hinterflügel. Hyalın, Aderung fein, schwarz, Ader A, gegen den Saum geringfü-

gig verstärkt, etwas kräftiger als die Adern der Media und des Cubitus; der Diskalfleck

mittig leicht abgewinkelt, zwischen M und M, doppelt so breit wie die zwischen M,

und M; Analfeld schütter mit grauen und schwarzen Schuppen besetzt, daher silbrig-

grau wirkend, durch die verdickte innere Axillaris breit schwarz abgegrenzt; Fransen

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 51-57 53

Fig. 1-6. Mellitia moni sp. n. 1, 2. Holotypus Männchen. 3, 4. Paratypus Männchen. Wadi Darbant.

5, 6. Paratypus Mannchen. Qairoon Hairitti (jeweils Ober- und Unterseite).

schwarzbraun, vom Tornus zum Apex hin sich etwas verbreiternd, im Analwinkel rot-

braun und deutlich länger. Die Form des Hinterfliigels ähnelt wegen des deutlich aus-

geprägten Dorsums einem an den Ecken gerundetem Dreieck.

Unterseite. Der Oberseite entsprechend, jedoch matt rotbraun und ohne Glanz.

Variabilität. Die Art erscheint habituell weitgehend konstant. Das unterste sechste

Fensterchen der ETA ist bei frischen Tieren beschuppt. Der auf das proximale Drittel

des Mesothorax beschränkte ockergelbe Scheitelstrich ist arttypisch und nicht durch

Abrieb verkürzt. Die dorsale goldgelbe Abdominalfärbung ist variabel und an den

Kaudalrändern der Tergite unterschiedlich breit, nimmt aber meist zum Abdominal-

ende hin an Deutlichkeit zu. Bei einem Exemplar sind die letzten drei Segmente

54 DE FREINA: Melittia moni sp. n. from the Oman

sogar deckend gelb beschuppt. Auf-

fallig ist der Größenunterschied der

Männchen. Die Spannweite variiert inner-

halb der Typenserie von 20-29 mm, die

Vorderflügellänge von 9-13 mm, die Kör-

perlänge von 8-13 mm, die Fühlerlänge

von 5—7,5 mm.

Abdomen. Dorsal schwarzbraun, die

Tergite I-IV zum Kaudalrand hin zuneh-

mend dottergelb, Tergit V fast ohne gelbe

Beschuppung, dafür die Tergite VI-VIIT

mit dem Analbiischel wie auch der ge-

samte Ventral- und Lateralbereich völlig

dottergelb bis bräunlich gelb; Sternite

einfarbig rotbraun, nur an den hinteren

Kaudalrändern etwas gelbbraun aufge-

hellt.

Fig. 7. Mellitia moni sp. n., © Genital.

Männliches Genital (Fig. 7). Uncus insgesamt lang und breit angelegt, etwa

von 2/3 Länge des Tegumens, apıkal zweilappig, am Apex bürstenartig dicht mit kurzen

schwarzen Borstenfeldern besetzt, Tuba analıs lang; Tegumen sehr breit, nach innen

deutlich erweitert, Gnathos auffällig groß, ebenfalls breit; Saccus schlank und über-

durchschnittlich lang, fast so lang wie die Valve, zum gerundeten Ende hin gleichmäßig

schlank clavat; Annellus groß, etwa drei mal so lang wie breit, zungenförmig; Valve

von gleicher Länge wie der Uncus-Tegumen-Komplex, annähernd rechteckig, distal

geringfügig verbreitert, Ventralrand konkav, distal mit deutlich klaffendem, länglichem

Einschnitt, Apikalrand etwas gerundet, leicht abgeschrägt; die distale Valvenhälfte bürs-

tenartig deckend mit langen schwarzen Borsten besetzt, die Beborstung am Valvenrand

dicht, zur Valvenmitte hin geringfügig aufgelockert. Aedeagus lang, etwa von dop-

pelter Valvenlänge, sehr schlank, Coecum penis doppelt so breit wıe das geringfügig

erweiterte distale Ende; Ductus ejaculatorius auffällig lang und kräftig.

Diagnose. Melittia moni sp. n. ist durch ihre auffallende gelbbraune Farbe sofort von

allen anderen afrotropischen und arabischen Melittia-Arten zu unterscheiden. Die ver-

schwommen wirkende, orangebraune Einfassung der Glasfelder und das zwischen

den Adern R, und M, in das ETA eingebuchtete Apikalfeld weisen auf eine verwandt-

schaftliche Nahe zu Arten wie Melittia oedipus Oberthiir, 1878 (= oedippus Le Cerf,

1917; falsche sekundäre Schreibweise) (Dalla Torre & Strand 1925, Vari et al. 2002),

Melittia laniremis (Wallengren, 1858), M. endoxantha Hampson, 1919 oder M. pyropis

Hampson, 1919 hin. Diese sind jedoch unschwer durch die bei ihnen rötliche Einfas-

sung der Glasfelder und breite hellgelbe Hinterleibsringe zu unterscheiden. Melittia

moni Sp. n. zeigt durch die gerade Form des Aedeagus, das breit angelegte Tegumen,

die annähernd rechteckige Valvenform und den auffallig schlanken und langen Saccus

unverkennbare Merkmale im Genital.

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 51-57 55

Ahnlichkeit von Melittia moni sp. n. zu den anderen von der Arabischen Halbinsel

bekannt gewordenen Sesiidae-Arten besteht nur mit zwei aus dem Jemen angege-

benen Arten (Petersen 2001). Leider wurden zu diesen Tieren weder Diagnosen noch

Abbildungen der Genitalien mitgeteilt, was eine fundierte Differenzierung erschwert.

Dennoch reichen die Abbildungen aus, um eine Konspezifität auszuschließen. Die erst,

noch unbeschrieben Art, weicht sowohl farblich (dunkel grau, nicht gelb braun) als

auch im Flügelschnitt (ETA viel schmaler, rechteckig erscheinend, ohne Einbuchtung

des Apikalfeldes) deutlich von M. moni sp. n. ab und scheint systematisch ın der Nähe

von Melittia lentistriata Hampson, 1919 zu stehen. Die zweite, als M. oedipus de-

terminiert, steht aufgrund der roten Schuppenanteile ım Vorderflügel M. moni nahe.

Eine differenziertere Beurteilung dieser jemenitischenTiere wäre wünschenswert

gewesen, alleine schon, um den gewagten zoogeographischen Transfer der von der

Insel Sansıbar beschriebenen M. oedipus auf die südliche Arabische Halbinsel abzusi-

chern und eine (wahrscheinliche) Fehldetermination auszuschließen. Eine ausführliche

Wiederbeschreibung und Abbbildung der Genitalien von M. oedipus geben Gorbunov

& Arıta (1997).

Lebensweise. Der Anflug der Männchen an synthetische Sexuallockstoffe erfolgte mit

Ausnahme eines Exemplar, das noch gegen 15 Uhr anflog, ab dem späten Vormittag

bis gegen 13 Uhr. Die fliegenden Tiere erzeugen ein schwach brummendes, bei größe-

ren Exemplaren deutlich wahrnehmbares Geräusch. Das Flugverhalten erscheint ge-

mächlich, verglichen mit dem einiger dem Autor bekannten südafrikanischen Melittia-

Arten. Die Wirtspflanze der Raupe ist unbekannt. Nach Spatenka et al. (1996) ent-

wickeln sich alle Melittiini in Kürbisgewächsen (Cucurbitaceae). Davon sind nach

Miller & Morris (1988) für den Dhofar folgende 10 Arten bekannt: Citrullus colo-

cynthis (L)., Corallocarpus epigaeus (Rott.), Cucumis lanatus (Thunb.), C. melo L.,

C. sativus L., C. prophetarum L., Cucurbita pepo L., Dendrosicyos socotrana Balf.,

Luffa acutangula (L.) und Zehneria anomala C. Jeffrey. Die größte dieser Arten ist die

auch im Nordoman verbreitete Citrullus colocynthis (L.). Die Cucurbitaceen sind zur

Flugzeit, die in die spät herbstliche Trockenzeit fällt, bereits weitgehend abgewelkt.

Erwähnenswert scheint, dass an allen Fundstellen Solanum-Arten (Solanaceae) häufig

festzustellen waren.

Habitat und Verbreitung (Fig. 8). Der derzeit bekannte Lebensraum der neuen Art

ist auf den Jabal al Qara beschränkt. Im Jabal Qamar westlich von Salalah konnte sie

vom Autor nicht nachgewiesen werden. Der engere Lebensraum von Melittia moni sp.

n. sind Mittellagen der während der Monate Juni bis August vom Südwest-Monsun

beeinflussten bewaldeten Südhänge des knapp tausend Meter hohen Jabal al Qara-

Gebirgszugs. Die dem Meer zugewandten Südhänge dieses von tiefen Wadis durch-

furchte Kalksteinmassiv sind dicht von Buschwald bedeckt, der sich überwiegen aus

Acacia senegal, Maytenus dhofariensis, Croton confertus und Blepharis permum zu-

sammensetzt. Zur Flugzeit von M. moni sind diese bereits weitgehend abgewelkt und

die Bodenvegetation ist durch devastierende Überweidung stark ausgedünnt.

Derivatio nominis. Die neue Art ist meiner Frau Monika „Moni“ Frömmel gewidmet,

die auf Forschungsreisen durch ihre Gelassenheit und Toleranz eine verständnisvolle

und hilfreiche Unterstützung bei der Suche nach Sesien ist.

56 DE FREINA: Melittia moni sp. n. from the Oman

AE vs

Fig. 8. Typenfundort Wadi Darbant, 500 m.

Danksagung

Für ihre hilfreiche Unterstützung bei fototechnischen Arbeiten danke ich den Herren Daniel Bartsch (Staat-

liches Museum für Naturkunde, Stuttgart), Ulf Buchsbaum (Zoologische Staatssammlung, München) sowie

Wolfgang Speidel (Museum Witt, München). Daniel Bartsch lieferte zudem wertvolle fachliche Hinweise.

Für Literaturbeschaffung danke ich Frau Stefanie Witz (Botanische Staatssammlung, München).

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58 Book revievs

Steiner, R., G. Hermann & J. Settele 2007. Okologie einer aussterbenden Popu-

lation des Segelfalters [phiclides podalirius (Linnaeus, 1758). — Ecology of an

almost extinct population of the scarce swallowtail /phiclides podalirius (Linnaeus,

1758). — Invertebrate Ecology and Conservation Monographs, Vol. 1. — Pensoft Publi-

shers. Sofia-Moscow. 171 pp. ISBN 978-954-642-289-7. 60.00 €. (in German with

English summary)

This book is the first volume of the new series “Invertebrate Ecology and Conservation

Monographs” dedicated to the publication of extensive studies addressing the ecology and

conservation of invertebrates.

The topic of this volume is the population biology and dynamics of the scarce swallowtail

(Iphiclides podalirius), mainly based on the observation of immature stages in the Heckengäu

area, located in the German federal state of Baden-Wirttemberg (South-west Germany).

The text is based on Roland Steiner’s diploma thesis with only a few modifications. The

field data were gathered between 1992 and 1996. More distribution data for 1997-2004

were obtained by Gabriel Hermann and are discussed in the epilogue.

In the first half of the last century, the scarce swallowtail was a characteristic species of the

limestone areas of South-west Germany. Ever since, it has strongly declined, and in several

regions the species is nowadays extinct.

After a brief introduction, the volume continues with an extensive literature review of the

biology, distribution and ecology of the scarce swallowtail. In the following two chapters

the study area and materials/methods are presented in an appropriate way. The results

address the (1) distribution of the species (including larval habitats) in the study area, (11)

the habitat requirements (both for the immature and adult stages), (111) the development,

phenology and ethology of all stages and (iv) the distribution of the species in other parts

of Baden-Wiirttemberg. The discussion focuses on population dynamics, factors that limit

colonisation, and causes of loss and threat. Another chapter gives detailed recommendations

for the conservation of the species. In an epilogue, the population dynamics after the main

study period (1992-1996) and reasons for the changes are given.

The data presented by Steiner ef al. are impressive. During the main study period, about

1,200 eggs, caterpillars or pupae of the scarce swallowtail were studied in the field. All

chapters are well written and nicely illustrated. The excellent photos of Roland Steiner are

especially helpful in providing an impression of the habitats.

The number of occupied patches decreased from 16 in 1992/1993 to 3 in 1995, corresponding

with a decrease of the occupied area from 140 km? to 14 km?. Since 2000, the species has

been extinct in the study area.

Ovipositing females predominantly used branches of low growing blackthorns (Prunus

spinosa) that obtained much solar irradiation and grew above open stones or gravel on

south-facing slopes. Survival rates in the immature stages were low. Usually, only one out

of 60 eggs successfully completed its development to the adult stage.

In the study area the main threat to the species was a decrease in the disturbance intensity

of the open landscape. The area of potential oviposition and larval habitats declined due

to a relaxation of grazing and the abandonment of hedge coppicing. The recommended

management activities came probably too late to stop the decline of the species.

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 58-60 59

The aim of the series to publish extensive scientific studies (e.g. diploma/master theses and

dissertations) is generally to be appreciated. Often, those studies are not available to a wide

audience (“grey literature”), although they have high scientific relevance. This volume is

a case in point. Therefore, it is a forgivable sin that the book covers the relevant literature

only until 1996 (the completion year of the thesis). However, the language (German) and

the price (60 euros) of the book will limit its readership.

On the whole, it is an impressive and substantial volume on population and larval biology

of the scarce swallowtail. The study demonstrates in a brilliant way how important the

knowledge of larval biology and ecology is in order to understand the factors that influence

population dynamics in butterflies. I recommend the book to anybody interested in

swallowtail butterflies and butterfly larval biology.

THOMAS FARTMANN

Fartmann, T. & G. Hermann (eds.) 2006. Larvalökologie von Tagfaltern und

Widderchen in Mitteleuropa. — Abhandlungen aus dem Westfalischen Museum

für Naturkunde 68 (3/4): 1-361. ISBN 3-924590-87-7. ISSN 0175-3495. Hardcover

24.80 €, Softcover 19.80 €. [in German].

Since the 1990s, the interest on larval ecology of butterflies and burnets in Central Europe

has been steadily growing. However, a summary of the accumulated knowledge has not been

available so far, though this information is of significant importance for the identification

of lepidopteran habitats, their management, and conservation. Thus, a meeting on larval

ecology of butterflies and burnets in Central Europe took place in Miinster, Germany, in

February 2005. Nearly 100 specialists from Germany and neighbouring countries discussed

the current knowledge on larval ecology, methods for monitoring preimaginal stages, and

consequences for research and conservation. The results are summarised in a proceedings

volume edited by Thomas Fartmann and Gabriel Herrmann. The book is written in

German, with an English abstract for each contribution. It is divided into four chapters:

(1) Introduction into the larval ecology of butterflies and burnets, (2) larval biotopes, (3)

monitoring preimaginal stages, and (4) larval ecology and conservation. These chapters

altogether comprise 17 original contributions or reviews. The volume closes with an index

to the names of the lepidopteran species mentioned.

In the introductory chapter, Thomas Fartmann & Gabriel Hermann provide an overview of

the historical development of the research on larval ecology and discuss the following main

properties of larval habitats: microclimate, host plants (according to phenological stage),

food availability, food quality, type of land use or disturbance, competition, predation and/

or parasitoid pressure, and, for myrmecophilous species, necessary density of the specific

host ant. The authors stress that knowledge of host plant use is only occasionally sufficiently

known and that host plant use varies regionally. In addition, for 19% of the species treated,

no data are currently available on the egg-laying substratum. Huge gaps exist on the impact

of parasitoids, global climate change, the use of preimaginal stages for monitoring, and the

impact of land use on immatures. The chapter closes with a comprehensive bibliography

on larval ecology.

60 Book revievs

Chapter two, devoted to larval habitats and ecology, contains contributions on Erebia

aethiops, Lycaena hippothoe, L. alciphron, L. helle, Maculinea alcon, and the Central-

European species of the genera Pyrgus and Zygaena. The contribution by Wolfgang Wagner

on Pyrgus in Central Europe is taken here just to provide an example of the valuable

information given in this chapter. The author describes in detail the habitats, host plants,

and life cycles of the larvae of the Central European Pyrgus species. Among them are

P. serratulae and the sibling species P. andromedae — P. cacaliae, P. malvae — P. malvoides,

P. cirsii — P. carlinae, P. armoricanus — P. onopordii, P. alveus — P. bellieri — P. warrenensis,

P. carthami — P. sidae. A key is given for the identification of the last instar larvae, and

colour photos of the larvae and pupae are provided. Thus, comprehensive information is

provided to identify these taxonomically difficult groups, to record and study these species

in nature, and to monitor their populations for conservation purposes.

Chapter three focuses on the detection of preimaginal stages of butterflies, for which Gabriel

Hermann provides an overview. Detecting preimaginal stages has been a standardised

method for a long time. The method is largely independent of the weather conditions and can

provide excellent results in analyses of species’ large scale distribution or metapopulation

structure. According to current knowledge, the method can be applied to more than 60%

of the butterfly species of Germany north of the Alps. The relevant literature is cited. The

contribution by Steffen Caspari applies this method for Neozephyrus quercus, of which

the adults are rarely observed because their activity is largely confined to the canopy of

oaks. However, searching for eggs of this species revealed that N. quercus occurs nearly

everywhere in the Saarland, where the investigations took place, and it is concluded that

this species might be the most common butterfly species of all. The third contribution of

this chapter, by Holger Loritz & Josef Settele, provides recommendations for an effective

search for larval stages of Lycaena dispar, a species listed in the Habitats Directive of the

European Union.

The fourth chapter on larval ecology and conservation contains six contributions. Thomas

Fartmann discusses the impact of habitat disturbances for butterflies and burnets. The author

shows that land use changed after World War II: it increased in fertile soils, but decreased

in marginal soils (e.g. poor, sandy or wet soils). Both extremes coincide with a decreased

butterfly diversity. However, intermediate sites with high butterfly diversity became rare.

Thus, the authors recommend a more dynamic disturbance regime in certain habitats in

order to maintain the diversity in Central European landscapes. More contributions of this

chapter are dedicated to the importance of larval ecology for species conservation, the

importance of available data on species records and quality of larval habitats for estimating

conservation status, and detailed examples are provided for Melitaea cinxia, Jordanita

globulariae, J. notata, and Euphydryas aurinia.

Altogether, the book provides much valuable information for anybody interested in butterfly

recording and conservation. It can be used as a detailed introduction into this subject,

provides the state of the art, and a comprehensive bibliography. It can be recommended

to all lepidopterists working on butterflies, but also to those working on heterocerous

Lepidoptera, for which those methods can be applied in general as well.

MATTHIAS Nuss

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 61-64 61

A difference in pupal morphology between the sibling species

Leptidea sinapis and L. reali (Pieridae)

MAGNE FRIBERG

Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden;

e-mail: magne.friberg@zoologi.su.se

Abstract. The sister species Leptidea sinapis and L. reali are virtually identical and species identification

has so far only been possible through DNA-sequencing or genital preparation. Here, I show an interspe-

cific difference in pupal morphology. The pupal antennae of L. sinapis are white with a well-defined lon-

gitudinal pink line in the middle, while those of L. reali are predominantly pink with only scattered white

pigments close to the margin on both sides.

Introduction

In 1988, it was discovered that the formerly well-known and well-studied butterfly

species Leptidea sinapis actually consisted of two separate species: L. sinapis and L.

reali (wood white/ Real’s wood white) (Réal 1988; Reissinger 1989; Lorcovic’ 1993).

The two species are morphologically virtually identical, and have so far only been

distinguishable using either genital preparation (Lorcovic’ 1993; Mazel 2005), DNA

sequencing (Martin et al. 2003, Friberg et al. 2007), or male mating behaviour (Friberg

et al. unpubl. ms). Both species are present in most parts of Europe, and although they

appear to be partially partitioned in habitat in most parts of their distribution they are

still often found syntopically and synchronically at the same sites (Beneë et al. 2003;

Vila et al. 2003; Amiet 2004; Friberg et al. 2007). The species are reproductively iso-

lated, and the isolation is implemented by the females’ ability to distinguish between

con- and heterospecific males; males court both con- and heterospecific females, while

females only accept to mate with conspecifics both in the field (Friberg et al. unpubl.

ms.) and in the laboratory (Freese & Fiedler 2002; Friberg et al. unpubl. ms.).

So far most studies of the sister species L. sinapis and L. reali (see Martin et al. 2003)

have concerned either their distribution (Mazel 2002; Benes et al. 2003; Mazel and

Eitschberger 2003; Vila et al. 2003; Amiet 2004), their habitat partitioning (Beneë et

al. 2003; Vila et al. 2003; Amiet 2004; Friberg et al. 2007) or their sexual behaviour

(Freese and Fiedler 2002; Friberg et al. unpubl. ms.). Only a few studies have further

analyzed potential morphological differences, and then only adult differences and pri-

marily genital differences between the species (Lorkovic’ 1993; Mazel 2005). No stud-

ies have so far dealt with potential species-specific morphological differences in other

developmental stages.

Here, I show an interspecific difference between L. sinapis and L. reali that allows

accurate species recognition based on pupal morphology. The two species differ in col-

oration of the pupal antennae, with L. sinapis having a more distinct edge between the

inner pink stripe and the surrounding white pigmentation than L. reali.

Nota lepidopterologica, 15.05.2007, ISSN 0342-7536

62 FRIBERG: Pupal difference between Leptidea sinapis and L. reali

Fig. la. The ventral side of a L. sinapis pupa at 10 x magnification. The arrow indicates the pupal anten-

nae that are closed up at 40 x magnification in figure 1b, where arrow 1 indicates the inner well-defined

central pink line that runs along the length of the antenna and arrow 2 indicates the species-specific white

area that surrounds the central line.

Material and methods

Ten hibernating pupae of each species and sex (i.e. in total 40 individuals) were ran-

domly chosen and species determined blindly; hence, the species affiliation of the pu-

pae were not known to the identifier (MF) prior to examination. Pupae descended from

parents of known species affiliation that were mated in the laboratory at the Zoological

Department of Stockholm University. The laboratory population was founded in 2002

with eggs from nine wild-caught L. sinapis and ten L. reali females collected in two

different populations: Riala (located 50 km north of Stockholm, 59° 30’ latitude) and

Kronängen (located 100 km south of Stockholm, 59° 0’ latitude). The egg-laying fe-

males were species determined post mortem using genital preparations and DNA-

sequencing (for rationale see Friberg et al. 2007). During 2005 and 2006 55 wild

L. sinapis and 15 L. reali females were captured in Riala in order to maintain the

genetic variation in the laboratory population. Pupae were photographed using a digi-

tal stereo magnifier (Motic 4095) at 10x magnification and at 40x magnification.

Results and discussion

All 40 examinations resulted in correct species determinations. Species determination

was possible because of a difference in the antennal coloration of the pupae. The anten-

nae of a L. reali pupa are coloured in pink with only scattered white pigments on both

sides of the pink central line, while the antennae of a L. sinapis pupa are pink only ina

stripe in the central part of the antennal areas, and the lateral parts are almost exclusive-

ly white with very few spots of pink (Figs 1, 2). Hence, the difference in coloration of

the pupal antennae allows accurate species identification. Correspondingly, the whole

L. reali pupa often appears darker with more red pigments than a L. sinapis pupa that

is dominantly green, although the general pupal coloration is overlapping and the two

species cannot always be distinguished only based on the pupal pigmentation. After

the termination of diapause the L. sinapis pupae turn darker and their pupal antennae

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 61-64 63

Fig. 2a. The ventral side of a L. reali pupa at 10 x magnification. The arrow indicates the pupal antennae

that are closed up at 40 x magnification in figure 2b, where arrow | indicates the undefined central pink

line that runs along the length of the antenna and arrow 2 indicates the pale pink area that surrounds the

central line.

become more pigmented due to the ongoing metamorphosis. L. sinapis pupae that are

close to eclosion are therefore difficult to distinguish from those of L. reali.

So far most research effort concerning the biology of L. sinapis and L. reali has focused

on the adult stage. This study of pupal morphology resulted in the finding of a character

that makes accurate species determination possible, which highlights the importance of

studying all life stages when searching for species-specific characters.

Acknowledgements

I am grateful to Christer Wiklund, Niklas Wahlberg, and one anonymous reviewer for reading and com-

menting on an earlier draft of this manuscript.

References

Amiet, J. L. 2004. Ecological niche partitioning between two sympatric sibling Leptidea species (Lepi-

doptera, Pieridae). — Revue D Ecologie-la Terre et la Vie 59: 433-452.

Benes, J., M. Konvicka, V. Vrabec & J. Zameénik 2003. Do the sibling species of small whites, Lepti-

dea sinapis and L. reali (Lepidoptera, Pieridae) differ in habitat preferences? — Biologia Bratislava

58: 943-951.

Freese, A. & K. Fiedler 2002. Experimental evidence for species distinctness of the two wood white but-

terfly taxa, Leptidea sinapis and L. reali (Pieridae). — Nota lepidopterologica 25: 39-59.

Friberg, M., M. Bergman, J. Kullberg, N. Wahlberg & C. Wiklund 2007. Niche separation in space and

time between two sympatric sister species — a case of ecological pleiotropy. — Evolutionary Ecology,

DOI 10.1007/s10682-007-9155-y

Lorkovic’, Z. 1993. Leptidea reali Reissinger 1989 (=lorkovicii Real, 1988), a new European species (Le-

pid., Pieridae). — Natura Croatia 2: 1-26.

Martin, J-F., A. Gilles & H. Descimon 2003. Species concepts and sibling species: The case of Leptidea

sinapis and Leptidea reali. Pp. 459-476. — In: C. L. Boggs, W. B. Watt & P. R. Ehrlich (eds.), Butter-

flies — Ecology and evolution taking flight. — University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

Mazel, R. 2002. Répartition géographique de Leptidea sinapis (L., 1758) et L. reali Reissinger, 1989

au nord de l’Europe, en Russie et dans quelges pays d’Asie (Lepidoptera: Pieridae, Dismorphi-

inae). — Linneana Belgica 18: 373-376.

64 FRIBERG: Pupal difference between Leptidea sinapis and L. reali

Mazel, R. 2005. Eléments de phylogénie dans le genre Leptidea Bilberg 1820 (Lepidoptera, Pieridae,

Dismorphiinae). — Revue de |’ Association roussillonaise d’Entomologie 14: 98-111.

Mazel, R. & U. Eitschberger 2003. Biogéographie de Leptidea reali Reissinger, 1989 en Europe et en

Turquie / Die Verbreitung von Leptidea reali Reissinger, 1989 in Europa und in der Türkei. — Revue

de I’ Association roussillonaise d’Entomologie 12: 91-109.

Réal, P. 1988. Lepidoptères noveaux principalement Jurassiens. - Mémoires de Comité de Liaison pour les

Recherches Ecofaunistiques dans le Jura. Publication apériodique, Besançon: 17-24.

Reissinger, E. 1989. Checkliste Pieride Duponchel, 1835 der Westpalaearctis (Europa, Nordwestafrika,

Kaukasus, Kleinasien). — Atalanta 20: 149-185.

Vila, R., S. Viader & J. Jubany 2003. Leptidea sinapis (Linnaeus, 1758) 1 L. reali (Reissinger 1988): dues

ecpécies ”bessones” a Catalunya 1 Andorra (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). — Buttleti Societat Catalana Lepi-

dopterologia 90: 25—47.

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 65-70 65

Boloria eunomia (Esper, 1799): a new species for Serbia

(Nymphalidae)

PREDRAG JAKSIC !, CHRIS VAN SWAAY 7 & MILAN Duric ?

! University of Pristina (Kosovska Mitrovica), Faculty of Natural Sciences & Mathematics,

Lole Ribara Str. 9, 28000 Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia; e-mail: pjaksic@EUnet.yu

2 De Vlinderstichting/Dutch Butterfly Conservation, P.O. Box 506, NL-6700 AM Wageningen,

Netherlands; e-mail: chris. vanswaay(@vlinderstichting.nl

3 Bulevar Oslobodjenja 106, 11000 Beograd, Serbia; e-mail: laserix(@bitsyu.net

Abstract. The discovery of the butterfly Boloria eunomia (Esper, 1799) on Mount Stara Planina in Serbia

is described. This 1s the first record of this species for Serbia. The morphology is compared with that of the

similar Boloria rhodopensis Slivov, 1995. The phytocenology of the habitat is portrayed and the distribu-

tion of the species on the Balkan Peninsula analysed. The degree of habitat endangerment for this species

is discussed, and a proposal for the status of this species is given.

Introduction

The Bog Fritillary, Boloria eunomia (Esper, 1799) (Fig. 1) has a circumboreal dis-

tribution in Eurasia (Western Europe, Russia, Siberia, Far East) and North America

(Labrador to Alaska and along the Rocky Mountains). Data on its distribution on the

Balkan Peninsula are sporadic. The first data on its presence were given by Drenowsky

(1909, 1930) for the central part of Mount Stara Planina (Botev Massif, localities of

Levski, Levski Chalet, all in Bulgaria), approximately 1600-1900 m above sea level.

Higgins and Riley (1980) cited Drenowsky on this, as well as Abadjiev (1995). Kudrna

(2002) does not mention the distribution of this species on the Balkan Peninsula.

In the ex-Yugoslavia and present Serbia, this species was not known (JakSi¢ 1988;

Parker and JakSıc 1996; Jakÿié 1999; Zeëevié 2002). Unexpectedly, we recorded this

species during field research from 18-19 July 2005 on Mount Stara Planina, Eastern

Serbia.

Material and methods

Specimens of B. eunomia were collected with butterfly nets on July 18 and 19, 2005.

Samples are deposited in the authors’ collections. The production of genitalia slides

was done in a standard procedure: maceration in potash, washing to remove potash,

dissecting and cleaning, staining, dehydrating and hardening, and mounting in Canada

balsam.

Results

Habitat of Boloria eunomia (Esper, 1799) on Mount Stara planina. We recorded

this species at the locality of Babin Zub on Mount Stara Planina (Fig. 2 and 3), at an al-

titude of approximately 1700 m (44°22’N—22°35’E). This locality is situated some two

Nota lepidopterologica, 15.05.2007, ISSN 0342-7536

66 JAKSIC et al.: Boloria eunomia in Serbia

km from the mountain hut on the right-

hand side of the road, across from the

view point. The locality comprises wet

meadows and marshy places with a peat

bog represented by a characteristic veg-

etation (Association Cardamino — Rumici

— Calthetum R. Jovanovié, 1971). On

higher terrains surrounding peak Babin

Zub, numerous other small peat bogs are

present in the drainage basins of rivers

Dojkinaëka Reka, Crnovrska Reka, and

Jelovaëka Reka.

On one side the locality borders montane

beech forest (Association Fagetum sub-

montanum luzuletosum Raj, 1956), com-

prising Festuca drymeia as well. On the

other side, the locality borders meadows

with subalpine bush vegetation (Associa-

tion Vaccinio — Juniperetum nanae Miëié,

bo. a 1964).

Fig. 1. Boloria eunomia drinking nectar from host- In the two meadow communities forming

nee Cee N one Mount Stara Planına the habitat of B. eunomia, the domina-

ting plantspecies are: Vaccinium myrtillus

(L., Ericaceae), V. vitis-idaea (L. Erica-

ceae), V. uliginosum (L., Ericaceae), Juniperus nana (Willd., Cupressaceae), Brucken-

thalia spiculifolia (Rchb., Ericaceae) and Luzula luzuloides ((Lam.) Dandy & Wilmott,

Juncaceae). The larval host plants (Polygonum bistorta L., Polygonaceae) are abun-

dant.

Collected material. Altogether six males and four females were collected (JakSic leg.;

van Swaay leg.). Besides, we have all photographed the species itself, the larval host-

plant, and the habitat. A slide of the genital armature of a male specimen was prepared

and drawn as shown on Fig. 4.

Discussion

The population of B. eunomia at Babin Zub is the second one on the Balkan peninsula.

The other one is also in the Stara Planina range, approximately 250 km further east in

Bulgaria. Both populations are very isolated, from each other as well as from the rest

of the European populations (Fig. 5).

We compared the morphology and anatomy of Stara Planina specimens with illustra-

tions given in Higgins and Riley (1980) and Tolman and Lewington (1997). It is evi-

dent that the key characteristics are identical. The only difference from specimens from

the type locality (Kaliningrad, RU) is that the white cluster is discontinuous in cell S1b,

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 65-70 67

Figs 2-3. Habitat of B. eunomia. 2. Mount Stara Planina. 3. Babin Zub Mountain (background) on Mount

Stara Planina (photos Chris van Swaay).

on the discal part of the hindwing. The ground colour of the wings is somewhat darker,

compared to that of specimens from the type locality. The genital armature of the dis-

sected male specimen shows all elements characteristic for this species. The habitat

of B. eunomia is similar to that of Boloria rhodopensis Slivov, 1995 that lives nearby

(Rhodopes, Smoljan lakes, altitude 1600-1700 m). The shapes of the valva and phallus

are significantly different, easily recognisable in comparison to the drawing given by

Abadjiev and Beshkov (2000).

68 JAKSIC¢ et al.: Boloria eunomia in Serbia

The biogeographic implications of the

discovery of this species on Mount Stara

Planina are very interesting. In the Stara

Planina flora so far 147 endemic plant

species have been recorded (10.40% of

the total flora). This is an important sign

of the biodiversity wealth of this area

(Vuëkovié and Randjelovic 2004). A phy-

togeographic analysis of the endemic flo-

ra showed that the species are distributed

in six main and two transitional areal-

types. The main areal-types are Eurasian,

Eurasian mountainous, Mediterranean-

submediterranean, Central European, Arc-

to-Alpean, and Boreal, while the transi-

tional types are Mediterranean-Pontic and

Central European-Mediterranean-Pontic.

The Central European areal-type com-

prises endemics divided into two main

areal groups: Balcanic and Carpathean-

Fig. 4. Male genitalia of Boloria eunomia from Balcanic. The latter group includes only

Mount Stara Planina, July 19, 2005., Jaksic leg. one species — Eranthis hyemalis (L.)

(prep. no. 2281). :

Salisb. (Ranunculaceae), the only Euro-

pean representative of the genus. The

southern part of the European areal of B. eunomia also comprises the Balkan Penin-

sula, as well as the Pyrenees. According to the ecology and distribution of the species,

we can conclude that it 1s preglacial in age and that it reached South Europe during one

of the glacial periods.

Our two-days stay on Stara Planina didn’t enable us to pay attention to the population

structure of B. eunomia. The metapopulation dynamics of this species is very interest-

ing and has been the subject of a study in the context of endangerment and protection

(Sawchik et al. 2002; Baguette et al. 2003). The fragmentation of its wet peat bog and

grassland habitat can negatively affect its survival. In Eastern Serbia, agricultural aban-

donment and deforestation are the main threats to B. eunomia and its habitat. The wet

grasslands and peat bogs habitats used to be maintained by regular mowing and graz-

ing. The bad economic situation in these remote parts causes local people to move to

larger cities, thus abandoning grassland of low agricultural value, like the places where

B. eunomia is found. Deforestation of the surrounding forest has a negative impact on

the water circulation in the area, thus lowering the quality of the habitat.

Since the species was not known from Serbia, it wasn’t included into the Red List, nei-

ther in the Red Book of Butterflies of Serbia. Having in mind the area of its distribution,

fragility of the habitat, and size of the population, it is obvious that B. eunomia must

be ranked as an Endangered species (E) in Serbia. This is especially important because

this area of Stara Planina is one of the Prime Butterfly Areas of Europe (van Swaay &

Warren 2003).

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 65-70 69

is indicated with an arrow.

References

Abadjiev, S. 1995. Butterflies of Bulgaria. Vol. 3 Nymphalidae: Apaturinae and Nymphalinae. —

S. Abadjiev Publ., Sofia.

Abadjiev, S. & S. Beshkov 2000. On the identity of taxa of the genus Boloria (Smoljana) rhodopen-

sis (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Heliconiinae). — Phegea 28 (1): 19-24.

Baguette, M., G. Mennechez, S. Petit & N. Schtickzelle 2003. Effect of habitat fragmentation on dispersal

in the butterfly Proclossiana eunomia. — Comptes Rendus Biologies 326: 200-209.

Drenowsky, A. K. 1909. Studies on the lepidopterous fauna of Rila mountain. — Archive of the Ministry of

Education 1 (2): 67-91 (in Bulgarian).

70 JAKSIC et al.: Boloria eunomia in Serbia

Drenowsky, A. K. 1930. Neue Lepidopterenarten aus Bulgarien. — Mitteilungen der Bulgarischen Entomo-

logischen Gesellschaft in Sofia 5: 175-188.

Higgins, L. G. & N. D. Riley 1980. A field guide to the butterflies of Britain and Europe. — Collins.

JakSié, P. 1988. Privremene karte rasprostranjenosti dnevnih leptira Jugoslavije (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera)

(Provisional Distribution Maps of the Butterflies of Yugoslavia, Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera). — Jugos-

lavensko entomoloëko druStvo 1: 1-215.

JakSic, P., 1999. Dnevni leptiri (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea 1 Papilionoidea) srpskog dela Stare planine

(The butterflies of Serbian part of Mt. Stara planina, Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea and Papilionoi-

dea). — ZaStita prirode 51 (2): 69-84, Beograd.

Kudrna, O. 2002. The Distribution Atlas of European Butterflies. — Oedippus.

Parker, R. & P. Jaksi¢ 1996. The Butterflies of Stara planina (Serbia) with emphasis on M. Jurtina Linnae-

us. — British Journal of Entomology and Natural History 9 (2): 93-101.

Sawchik, J., M. Dufrene, P. Lebrun, N. Schtickzelle & M. Baguette 2002 Metapopulation dynamics of

the bog fritillary butterfly: modelling the effect of habitat fragmentation. — Acta Oecologica 23:

287-296.

Swaay, van C. A. M. & M. S. Warren 2003. Prime Butterfly Areas in Europe. — Ministry of Agriculture,

Nature Management and Fisheries, The Netherlands.

Tolman, T. & R. Lewington 1997. Butterflies of Britain and Europe. — Harper Collins, London.

Vuëkovié, M. & N. Randjelovic 2004. Endemic flora species of Stara planına. — Ekoloska istina 12: 86-88,

Borsko jezero. (in Serbian)

Zeëevié, M. 2002. Fauna leptira Timoëke krajine (Istoëna Srbija). — DSIP Bakar Bor i Narodni muzej

Zajecar. 1-307.

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 71-78 71

A brief review of the Micropterigidae of Portugal,

with description of a new species of Micropterix Hiibner

MARTIN F. V. Corey !?

' Pucketty Farm Cottage, Faringdon, Oxfordshire SN7 8JP, United Kingdom;

e-mail: martin.corley@btinternet.com

CIBIO, Centro de Investigaçäo em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto,

Campus Agrärio de Vairäo, Portugal

Abstract. The genus Micropterix in Portugal is reviewed; Micropterix herminiella sp. n. is described from

northern Portugal and M. granatensis Heath, 1981 added to the Portuguese fauna. M. ibericella Caradja,

1920 and M. aglaella (Duponchel, 1838) are also accepted for Portugal.

Introduction

The family Micropterigidae is represented in the western palaearctic area only by the

genus Micropterix Hübner[ 1825], withapproximately 70 species. The geographical range

of the genus and of individual species 1s very interesting. Although the Micropterigidae

represent an ancient lineage that diverged from the rest of the Lepidoptera at a very early

stage in the evolutionary history of the order, it would appear that the genus Micropterix

is not of great antiquity. It is almost exclusively west palaearctic, with only two species

reaching the Far East (Ponomarenko & Beljaev 2000), and none known from North

America (Davis 1983). An ancient genus with so many species would be expected to

be much more widespread, at least within the temperate climatic zone. The majority

of species have limited areas of distribution, with the greatest diversity (25 species) in

mainland Italy. This pattern suggests a relatively recent radiation rather than the result

of the constriction of the distribution of ancient species, which would be expected to

show significant disjunctions in at least some cases. Other areas with rich Micropterix

faunas are north-west Africa, the Alps, the central Balkans and to a lesser extent, the

Caucasus. The number of species in Greece, Turkey and the Iberian Peninsula (seven

in mainland Spain, four in Portugal) is unexpectedly low, especially considering that

these are areas which are often species-rich in other groups of Lepidoptera. A possible

partial explanation is that Micropterix in these areas has not been well studied, perhaps

because the moths do not generally come to light.

There is no readily available guide to the genus, apart from the Russian language papers

of Kozlov ' (1988, 1989, 1990a, b) which cover many of the species, as does the internet

website of Kurz ef al. (2001—2006). Identification can therefore be a protracted process,

requiring the consultation of numerous papers. In this paper, a misidentification that

dates back 126 years is resolved, with the description of a new species from Portugal,

and the other species listed for Portugal are reconsidered.

' I can provide a translation of Kozlov’s key to Micropterix upon request.

Nota lepidopterologica, 15.05.2007, ISSN 0342-7536

12 Corey: Micropterix from Portugal

Abbreviations

BMNH Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom

CIBIO Centro de Investigaçäo em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto,

Portugal

ZMUC Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen, Denmark

A brief review of Micropterix in Portugal

The Micropterix species that have been recorded from Portugal are considered below,

in historical order.

Micropterix mansuetella Zeller, 1851, recorded from Seia, Serra da Estrela in Stainton

(1881). This is discussed further below, where it is shown to be a misidentification of a

previously unrecognised species, here described as M. herminiella sp. n.

Micropterix aureatella (Scopoli, 1763), first recorded from Beira Baixa: Quinta do

Baräo by Mendes (1905), and later from Estremadura: Torres Vedras (Mendes 1910),

before the description of M. ibericella, which is very similarly marked. There are no

recent records of aureatella, so it must be considered to be a probable misidentification

of M. ibericella. M. aureatella would not be expected in these hot, dry parts of the

country, although it is possible that it could occur in the mountains of the north. It has

not been recorded from Spain.

M. ibericella Caradja, 1920. M. rebeli Viette, 1949, was described from Portugal based

on two specimens from Sintra in Naturhistoriches Museum, Wien (Viette 1949), and

later synonymised with M. ibericella by Heath (1987). There are records from many

parts of Portugal, and it is often common. This species is unusual in that it frequently

comes to light, as well as being found by day.

M. aglaella (Duponchel, 1838) was collected by Monteiro from Douro Litoral:

Singeverga in 1952, and identified by Amsel (1959). Unless the genitalia are examined,

this species is not always separable from M. ibericella, which Amsel presumably

considered, but there remains a slight possibility of a misidentification. There are two

additional records from Algarve, dated 1962 and 1979 (Monteiro & Passos de Carvalho

1984). These would not have been seen by Amsel, and were probably not examined

genitalically. M. ibericella is common in Algarve and was not recorded there by these

authors, so it is highly probable that these records refer to M. ibericella. It is hoped that

examination of this species in the Monteiro collection will be possible.

M. sicanella Zeller, 1847 was listed for Portugal by Gomez Bustillo (1981), but no

record is given, and it has not been possible to trace the origin of the listing, therefore

it must be considered doubtful. It is not recorded from Spain.

M. granatensis Heath, 1981. A single female with the wing markings of M. granatensis

was taken in Algarve: Picota, Serra de Monchique, 8 May 1995, /eg. M.F.V. Corley.

Subsequent search in the same area (north of the summit) failed to refind the species.

The females in Micropterix do not give useful genitalia characters for identification,

and in many cases the identification of females is not possible, but in the case of

M. granatensis the markings are distinctive. Heath (1981) compares this species with

M. maschukella Alphéraki, 1870, but this is a significantly larger insect. M. granatensis,

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 71-78 73

Figs 1-2. 1. M. herminiella, holotype, male. 2. M. herminiella, paratype, female.

which Heath reported from Granada and Malaga, can be added to the Portuguese fauna

based on this specimen.

So currently, only three species of Micropterix are recorded from Portugal with certainty:

M. ibericella, M. granatensis and M. herminiella. M. aglaella is almost certainly also

present, but needs confirmation. These four species are keyed at the end of this paper.

In 1880, Rev. A. E. Eaton visited Portugal (Eaton 1880), travelling widely in the country

and collecting insects of several orders. Eaton’s particular interest was in aquatic insects,

so his Lepidoptera specimens were sorted by Henry Stainton. Macrolepidoptera and

Rhopalocera were sent to Staudinger for identification; Tortricidae, Pterophoridae and

Pyralidae went to Ragonot and Stainton himself retained the remaining Microlepidoptera.

The results were all published in 1881 (Ragonot 1881; Stainton 1881; Staudinger 1881).

This is the earliest significant collection of Microlepidoptera from Portugal.

The Portuguese material collected by Eaton and named by Stainton is in the Natural

History Museum, London. It consists of 61 specimens belonging to 44 species.

In this collection is a single specimen of Micropterix, collected near Seia [spelt Cea

in Eaton (1880), and Stainton (1881)], Serra da Estrela. The head is black and the

forewings are a uniform deep golden bronze colour. It was identified as M. mansuetella

Zeller, 1844 by Stainton, since at the time, this was the only known black-headed

Micropterix. However the specimen lacks the pinkish shining fasciae of M. mansuetella.

Since first seeing this specimen I suspected that it was not this species. This suspicion is

reinforced by the absence of other records of M. mansuetella from southern European

countries. In Heath (1976), Bavaria was given as the southern limit of the distribution

of M. mansuetella. Gomez Bustillo (1981) quotes a letter he received from John Heath

in 1981, questioning the presence of M. mansuetella in Portugal, although he had failed

to find the specimen in BMNH.

In 1986, Ole Karsholt took a single female of a black-headed Micropterix at Aldeias,

Serra da Estrela. Aldeias is about 10 km north-east of Seia. He was aware of the record

of M. mansuetella from Portugal, but his specimen, which is in ZMUC, did not match

M. mansuetella in forewing pattern.

74 Corey: Micropterix from Portugal

In 2004, I found about nine black-headed Micropterix on and around Ranunculus

(Ranunculaceae) flowers growing by a shallow ditch at the edge of a track leading down

to a small meadow by the River Mondego below the village of Trinta, in the eastern

part of Serra da Estrela. Trinta 1s 21 km east of Aldeias. Dissection of males showed

that this was not M. mansuetella, but an undescribed species, more closely related to M.

aruncella (Scopoli, 1763). Subsequently, the species has been found in three more sites

in northern Portugal (see list of material examined, below), in the provinces of Beira

Litoral, Douro Litoral and Tras-os-Montes.

Micropterix herminiella sp. n. (Figs 1-4)

Material. Holotype: ©, ‘P7217 | Portugal | Quinta da Volta | Trinta, Beira Alta | 750m [alt], 27.v.2004

| M.F.V. Corley’, ‘gen. prep. Corley 2750’, in BMNH. — Paratypes: same data as holotype, 29 ‘P7218’,

‘P7220’ in BMNH; 19, ‘P7219’ ‘gen. prep. Corley 2175’, 19 ‘P7221’ in. coll. Corley; 1@ “P7717 km

West] Barragem | Montezinho, 1280m [alt] | Tras-os-Montes | 4.v1.2005 | M.F.V. Corley’ ‘gen. prep.

Corley 2736’, in coll. Corley; 19 ‘P8018 | Valinhas | Monte Cordova | 16.v.2006 | Sonia Ferreira’, in coll.

Corley.

Additional material. Portugal. 1 of sex undetermined, Beira Alta: Seia, Serra da Estrela, 11.vi.1880, leg.

A.E. Eaton, BMNH; 19, Beira Alta: Aldeias, Serra da Estrela, 1100 m alt., 12.v11.1986, O. Karsholt leg.,

ZMUC; 29, Beira Litoral: Casmilo, Serra de Janeanes, 16.1v.2005, leg. P. Pires, in coll. Pires.

Description. Adult (Figs 1, 2). Forewing length 3.4-3.8 mm (male); 3.8-4.3 mm

(female). Head with black hair-like scales; antennae black, two-thirds length of

forewing in male, slightly shorter in female. Thorax black, tegulae deep golden bronze.

Forewings deep golden bronze, without markings or violet reflection near base, more

red-tinged in female. Hindwings grey bronze, with reddish purple gloss mainly in costal

half. Abdomen dark fuscous. Legs dark bronzy fuscous.

Male genitalia (Fig. 3). Dorsal process of tegumen (often incorrectly referred

to as uncus’) of medium length; anal lobe bifid with numerous short bristles; stout

lobe in centre of tegumen between dorsal process and accessory clasper with median

peduncle, lobe covered with long hairs (removed in fig. 1), peduncle with fine bristles;

accessory clasper narrow, about three times as long as wide, more or less parallel-sided

but with slight sigmoid curve, with dorsally directed subapical peduncle and ventrally

directed subbasal peduncle, apex of clasper with about six large flattened spatulate

setae, subapical peduncle with several broad-based narrowly pointed triangular setae,

subbasal peduncle with three to four spatulate setae, like those at apex of clasper, and

one similar but shorter and stouter seta; valva from elliptical base bearing group of fine

setae, becoming very slender in middle, distally abruptly curved and expanded into

short parallel-sided apical section, with group of stout obtuse setae on outer edge of

curve, three or four longer stout setae near inner edge of apical section and small group

of fine setae at rounded apex. Phallus simple, narrow, without cornutus, about as long

as valva from base to curve.

Diagnosis. The great majority of Micropterix species have markings (usually fasciae,

or fasciae and spots) on the forewings, and heads that have hair-scales of some shade

of yellow. Comparison of M. herminiella is only necessary with species with black

hair-scales on the head or with more or less unicolorous forewings. Black or dark

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 71-78 18

brown hair-scales on the head occur only

in M. mansuetella, M. sikhotealinensis

Ponomarenko & Beljaev, 2000 and M.

fenestrellensis Heath & Kaltenbach, 1984,

although this is not clear from the des-

cription of M. fenestrellensis. There are

also black-headed forms of two normally

yellow-headed species: M. aruncella (Sco-

poli, 1763) f. atricapilla Wocke, 1877 and

a form of M. myrtetella Zeller, 1850 for-

merly treated as M. idae Rebel, 1902.

Since M. aruncella is dimorphic for head

colour, the possibility that the Portuguese

specimens might be a local race of a nor-

mally yellow-headed species must be con-

sidered. Several species have occasionally

been found with more or less unicolorous

forms, but these can be excluded, since

there appears to be no variation in forewing

coloration in M. herminiella apart from

slight sexual dimorphism. M. calthella,

Fig. 3. Male genitalia of M. herminiella, lateral view. M. isobasella and M. garganoensis have

SÉRIE ENS SE an area at the base of the forewing with

violet reflection. There is no evidence

of this in M. herminiella. M. sicanella Zeller, 1847, M. isobasella Staudinger, 1871,

M. garganoensis Heath, 1960, M. paykullella Fabricius, 1794 and the female of M. arun-

cella (Scopoli, 1763) regularly have more or less uniformly coloured forewings.

Comparison of the male genitalia of M. herminiella With all of the species considered

above shows it to be very different from almost all of them, as it possesses a stout

lobe in the centre of the tegumen between the dorsal process and accessory clasper.

This character is present in a very small number of species, including M. aureatella,

M. sikhotealinensis and M. aglaella. The first two of these show other similarities in the

genitalia indicating that they are probably the closest relatives of M. herminiella, but

differ particularly in the shape of the valva and the specialised setae on the accessory

clasper, as well as in the forewing markings.

Distribution. Known from six sites in the northern third of Portugal (Fig. 4), M. her-

miniella can be expected to occur in Spain. The Serra de Montesinho site is less than

two km from the Spanish border. Furthermore many Serra da Estrela specialities extend

eastwards into Sierra de Gata or other ranges of the Sistema Central, and it is likely that

M. herminiella will be found there also.

Life history. The early stages are unknown. Adults have only been found by day, either

resting or flying. In three of the sites they were on and around Ranunculus flowers, from

16 April at relatively low altitude to 12 July at higher altitude. Altitudinal range is from

280m at Valinhas to 1300m alt. in Serra de Montesinho. Karsholt (in /itt.) describes

76 Corey: Micropterix from Portugal

the Aldeias site as north-facing and wet,

with Lotus pedunculatus Cav. (Fabaceae).

All the other localities were close to small

streams, although other characters of the

sites are very varied.

Etymology. The species takes its name

from Mons Herminius, the Roman name

for Serra da Estrela, where the first three

records were made.

Discussion. Heath (1987) states that

‘“...although some species form definite

groups, no satisfactory serial arrangement

has been arrived at using either genitalic

structure or wing pattern and coloration.”

For this reason, any suggestion as to the

correct place of M. herminiella within the

genus, must be considered tentative. There

are a few species that, like M. herminiella,

have a stout lobe in the centre of the

tegumen, visible between the posterior

lobe and the accessory clasper, resulting in

Fig. 4. Distribution of M. herminiella in Portugal. a reduction in size of the accessory clasper.

According to Michael Kurz (pers. comm.),

species exhibiting this lobe appear to be a

primitive group within the genus. M. aureatella, with a widespread European subspecies

and a disjunct far eastern subspecies M. a. shikotanica Kozlov, 1988 in Sakhalin, Kuril

Islands, Hokkaido and Honshu, has the widest distribution in the genus, although it

is arguable that the genitalic differences between the two subspecies are sufficient to

justify their treatment as two distinct species. M. sikhotealensis is the closest species

in male genitalia morphology (and black-head) to M. herminiella. It is probable that

this species pair and the two subspecies of M. aureatella are the descendants of two

transpalaearctic Tertiary species that have diverged since their distribution range was

broken by Quaternary glacial expansion and by desertification in Central Asia.

Key to Portuguese Micropterix based on external characters

| Head with black har-scales 2 se ee ee M. herminiella

l’ Head with yellow hair:scales .....5...5.sc..cc3cc.s00eccsedetecceescdeaneel een ee ER 2

2 Forewing with markings consisting of two transverse fasciae and a subcostal spot,

or sometimes subcostal spot extended to form a fascia

reveled bil Sees a eee eee M. ibericella and M. aglaella

2’? Forewing with costal and dorsal markings, but without complete fasciae

RARE RE SPRL 0 ee ete M. granatensis

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 71-78 EN

Key to Portuguese Micropterix, based on male genitalia

l Posterior process of tegumen long and slender, more than half as long as valva

À 0000 D ASS PER eer Nai nung Seotincias M. granatensis

1’ Posterior process of tegumen shorter, less than half as long as valva ................. 2

2 Tegumen with additional projection between posterior process and accessory

cS [Be IW en cenit a ee Eee RE een: 3

2° Tegumen without additional projection between posterior process and accessory

EIS US Se IE IN URL Nadi senea me sceouccnee REES: RO TONNIEEERNT TOTER M. ibericella

Bar Valva narrowest.in middle... nenn M. aglaella

3” Valva narrowest well beyond middle M. herminiella

Acknowledgements

I am most grateful to Kevin Tuck (BMNH), for allowing examination of the Eaton collection, to Stella

Brecknell, Martin Honey (BMNH) and Dr. John Langmaid for assistance with literature, to Dr. Bernard

Landry for the colour photographs, to Ole Karsholt, Christof Zeller-Lukashort and in particular, Michael

Kurz and Mikhail Kozlov for much valuable information on Micropterix species and constructive

comments on earlier drafts of this paper, to the directors of the Parque Natural da Serra da Estrela and

Parque Natural de Montesinho for accommodation and permission to collect Lepidoptera in the Parques

Natural, to Prof. Paulo Célio Alves of CIBIO for support, to Ernestino Maravalhas for various help and

encouragement, to José Manuel Grosso-Silva, Patricia Soares- Vieira, SOnia Ferreira, Pedro Sousa and my

wife Alison for assistance and company in the field, and to Pedro Pires for allowing me to examine his

Microlepidoptera.

References

Amsel, H. G. 1959. Portugiesische Kleinschmetterlinge gesammelt von Teodoro Monteiro, O.S.B. — Anais

da Faculdade de Ciéncias do Porto 41: 5—20.

Davis, D. R. 1983. Micropterigidae. p. 2 — Jn: R. W. Hodges et al. (eds): Check List of the Lepidoptera

of America North of Mexico. — E.W. Classey and The Wedge Entomological Research Foundation,

London.

Eaton, E. A. 1880. Notes on the entomology of Portugal. I. Introductory. — Entomologist’s monthly Ma-

gazine 17: 73-79.

Gomez Bustillo, M. R. 1981. Revision de los Micropterigoidea (Mosher, 1916, sensu Bourgogne, 1951)

de la Peninsula Ibérica (Lepidoptera — Zeugloptera). - SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterologia 9 (35):

169-178.

Heath, J. 1976. Micropterigidae. Pp. 151-155. - Jn: J. Heath (ed.) The Moths and Butterflies of Great Bri-

tain and Ireland, 1. Micropterigidae — Heliozelidae. The Curwen Press, London and Blackwell Scien-

tific Publications, Oxford.

Heath, J. 1981. Two new species of Micropterix Huebner (Lepidoptera, Zeugloptera: Micropterigidae). —

Entomologist’s Gazette 32: 99-102.

Heath, J. 1987. A check list of the genus Micropterix Hiibner, [1825] (Lepidoptera: Zeugloptera, Micro-

pterigidae). — Entomologist’s Gazette 38: 205-207.

Kozlov, M. A. 1988. Brief review and key to Palaearctic species of the genus Micropterix (Lepidoptera,

Micropterigidae). 1. An essay of morphology and results of H. G. Amsel types Examination. Vestnik

zoologii 1988 (4): 8-14 (In Russian).

Kozlov, M. A. 1989. Brief review and key to species of the genus Micropterix (Lepidoptera, Micropterigi-

dae) of Palaearctica. 2. A key. Vestnik zoologii 1989 (6): 26-31 (In Russian).

Kozlov, M. A. 1990a. A brief review and a key to Palaearctic species of the genus Micropterix (Lepido-

ptera, Micropterigidae). 3. A key to species (concluded). Vestnik Zoologii 1990 (2): 21-26. (in

Russian)

78 Corey: Micropterix from Portugal

Kozlov, M. A. 1990b. A brief review and a key to Palaearctic species of the genus Micropterix (Lepido-

ptera, Micropterigidae). 4. Results of the type specimen examination of eight little-known species.

Vestnik Zoologii 1990 (3): 28-33. (in Russian)

Kurz, M. A., Kurz, M. E. & Zeller-Lukashort, H. C. 2001-2006. Naturkundliches Informationssystem:

taxonomische Bearbeitungen: Liste. — http://www.nkis.info/nkis

Mendes, C. 1905. Lepidöpteros de Portugal. II. Lepidöpteros da regiäo de S. Fiel (Beira Baixa). — Brotéria,

Lisboa 4: 166-177.

Mendes, C. 1910. Lepidöpteros de Portugal. I. Lepidöpteros dos arredores de Torres Vedras. — Brotéria,

Série zoologica, Lisboa 9: 110-129.

Monteiro, T. & Passos de Carvalho, J. 1984. Lepidöpteros do Algarve. — Anais da Faculdade de Ciéncias

do Porto 64: 95-219.

Ponomarenko, M. G. & Beljaev, E. A. 2000. New species of the genus Micropterix Hübner (Lepidoptera,

Micropterigidae) from the Sikhote-Alin Range. Tinea 16: 250-251.

Ragonot, E. L. 1881. Notes on the entomology of Portugal. IV. Lepidoptera (continued). Micro-lepidoptera

(except Tineina) collected by the Rev. A.E. Eaton in 1880 with descriptions of new species. —

Entomologist’s monthly Magazine 17: 229-233.

Stainton, H. T. 1881. Notes on the entomology of Portugal. V. Lepidoptera (continued). Micro-lepidoptera

(Tineina) collected by the Rev. A.E. Eaton in 1880. — Entomologist’s monthly Magazine 17: 246—

249.

Staudinger, ©. 1881. Notes on the entomology of Portugal. II. Lepidoptera. — Entomologist’s monthly Ma-

gazine 17: 181-184. |

Viette, P. 1949. Contribution a l’étude des Micropterygidae (3° Note). Description de deux espèces nou-

velles de Micropteryx. — Revue frangaise d’entomologie 16: 50-51.

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 79-92 79

Heliozela resplendella (Stainton, 1851) and H. hammoniella

Sorhagen, 1885: two valid species distinguishable in the

genitalia of both sexes and life histories (Heliozelidae)

MARKO MUTANEN |, JUHANI ITAMIES ! & LAURI KAILA °

' Zoological Museum, P. O. Box 3000, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland;

e-mail: marko.mutanen@oulu.fi

Finnish Museum of Natural History, Zoological Museum, P. O. Box 17, FI-00014 University of

Helsinki, Finland; e-mail: lauri.kaila@helsinki.fi

Abstract. The taxonomy of a sibling species pair of Heliozela, 1.e. the alder-feeding H. resplendella

(Stainton, 1851) and the birch-feeding H. hammoniella Sorhagen, 1885 has been somewhat unstable for

a long time. In this study, we use reared material to show that the two taxa differ not only in their life

histories, but also in the genital morphology of both sexes. We also show, using geometric morphometric

tools, that the wing shape and pattern differences presented earlier are not reliable, but that there are some

other average differences in wing pattern as well. A lectotype is designated for H. resplendella.

Introduction

Heliozelidae is a relatively small, non-ditrysian Lepidopteran family with thirteen

genera worldwide (Scoble 1995). Four genera, altogether comprising eight species,

have been reported from Europe (Nieukerken 2004). Adult moths are small and usually

dark with silvery markings on their forewings. The larvae of the northern European

species are leaf miners of Betulaceae and Fagaceae (Emmet 1976). The genus Heliozela

Herrich-Schaffer, 1853 comprises three northern European species, of which the

oak-feeding H. sericiella (Haworth, 1828) is easily distinguishable by characters of

external morphology, genitalia, and life history (Emmet 1976). The other two species,

H. resplendella (Stainton, 1851) and H. hammoniella Sorhagen, 1885 are difficult to

distinguish by their external or internal morphologies (Emmet 1976). Practically all that

has been known is that the former species feeds on Alnus spp. and the latter on Betula

spp. (Emmet 1976). Subtle differences in forewing shape and patterns were presented

by Meyrick (1928) and Benander (1953). According to their observations, the forewings

of H. hammoniella are greyer (lighter) and less bronze, while the hindwings are darker,

the termen of the forewing less oblique and the distance between the two dorsal spots

smaller than in H. resplendella. The validity of these characteristics has apparently

never been confirmed, and Emmet (1976) considered Meyrick’s observations doubtful.

No diagnostic genital characters have been presented, probably due to the very complex

male genital structure and possibly also to the scarcity of reared material. Reared moths

are difficult to obtain, due to their peculiar habits of mining and larval pupation (see

below). Since both alder and birch commonly occur together, the adult specimens

collected from nature can rarely been identified reliably using the food plant as a cue.

In the absence of accurate diagnostic characteristics, the species were synonymized by

Kuchlein & de Vos (1999). Similarly, in Denmark, both species were placed under the

label H. resplendella in a local distributional checklist (Karsholt et al. 1985), and the

Nota lepidopterologica, 15.05.2007, ISSN 0342-7536

80 MUTANEN et al.: On Heliozela resplendella and H. hammoniella

validity of H. hammoniella was questioned, based on the above-mentioned differential

problems. In Finland, this principle was not followed (Kullberg et al. 2001) because the

Finnish distributional data is predominantly based on reports on early stages rather than

adults, but particularly because of the different distributions of the species: the northern

border of H. hammoniella is about two hundred kilometres south of that of H. resplendella

(personal observations). Moreover, it seems that the fluctuations in population sizes are

not similarly synchronized between species (personal observations).

On the basis of vacated mines, both taxa are known to occur widely in Finland. In

the early 1980’s, the second author (JI) noticed that a careful search helps to locate

larval cases on the ground below vacated mines, particularly at sandy sites. During

the next two decades, the authors, accompanied by Tomi Mutanen and Panu Välimäki,

succeeded to rear dozens of specimens of both species.

In this paper, we revise the life history and morphological differences of the species.

The mines, adults, and genitalia of both species are illustrated. We also discuss the

possible differences in wing shape and patterns using geometric morphometric tools

(Bookstein 1989, 1991; Rohlf and Marcus 1993). Despite many attempts we found

that male genitalia are not appropriate for shape analysis due to their cylindrical form

and small size, which did not permit even separated parts of genitalia to be mounted

in a sufficiently uniform way. This method uses sets of two- or three-dimensional

coordinates of landmark points, which are superimposed (that is, variation in size,

rotation and location eliminated) and subjected to standard multivariate statistical

analyses. The crucial distinction between the two morphometric approaches is that

traditional metric morphometric methods capture mostly size information, but only

limited information of shape (Bookstein et al., 1985, Rohlf and Marcus, 1993), while

the geometric morphometric method eliminates all non-shape variation from the

data through superimposition, and captures a// shape variability of the raw landmark

data. Moreover, the method enables illustrative visualizations of shape differences by

thin-plate-spline deformation grids or vector plots. In the past ten years, geometric

morphometrics have increasingly been used in taxonomic and systematic studies (Rohlf

& Archie 1984; Rohlf et al. 1996; Fulford & Rutherford 2000; Drotz et al. 2001; Monti

et al. 2001; Pretorius & Scholtz 2001; Querino et al. 2002; Baylac et al. 2003; Gumiel

et al. 2003; Becerra & Valdecasas 2004; Pretorius 2005; Mutanen 2005).

In all geometric morphometric analyses, a combination of true landmarks and

sliding semi-landmarks was applied (for landmarks, see Bookstein 1997 or Adams

et al. 2004). This approach was used to simultaneously test differences in forewing

outline shape and wing markings. The points on the outline which could be defined

precisely across all specimens and species within a species group were applied as true

landmarks, while all the others were allowed to slide along the outline trajectory in

order to reduce uninformative variation in that direction. The landmark digitations

were carried out using the TPSDIG 1.40 program (Rohlf 2004a) and the definitions

of sliders with the TPSUTIL 1.26 program (Rohlf 2004b). To eliminate all non-shape

variation (variation by location, scale, and orientation), the digitized landmark data was

subjected to Procrustes superimposition (Rohlf and Slice 1990). The superimposition

and calculation of partial warp scores were done using the TPSRELW 1.35 program

(Rohlf 2003). The partial warp scores of the superimposed landmarks were applied

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 79-92 8 |

Figs 1-4. Adults of Heliozela. 1. H. resplendella, male. 2. H. resplendella, female. 3. H. hammoniella,

male. 4. H. hammoniella, female.

for exploratory relative warp analysis (=principal component analysis of partial warp

scores) and confirmatory statistical analyses (Multivariate ANOVA).

Redescription of species

Heliozela resplendella (Stainton, 1851) (Figs 1-2, 5-6, 8, 10-12, 16, 18,

20-24, 28-29)

Aechmia resplendella Stainton, 1851: 6.

Material. Lectotype male, here designated: ‘Type’ [rounded label with red margin]; West Wickham,

ENGLAND, 2.V1.1850, DGL. Coll. (Mason 1906), (168); Walsingham Collection, 1910-427; Aechmia

resplendella Dgl. Mss., Stn. Sppl. Cat. Br. Tin. Pbi. 6 (1851) TYPE Dgl. Mss 168 [handwritten in label

bordered with black]; resplendellum, Dougl. [printed]; B. M. Genitalia slide No. 29829. — Finland: PPs:

Hailuoto 720:39, 120, 149, larva viii.2000 (Alnus incana), M. & T. Mutanen leg. (slides MM 614, 616,

620, 621, 624, 626, 628, 630, 632, 634, 655); PPs: Hailuoto, Pöllä 720:39, 10, 11.vi.1999, T. Mutanen

leg.; PPs: Hailuoto, Pöllä 720:39, 19, larva 1999 (Alnus), M. Mutanen leg.; PPp: Kemi, Ajos 728:38,

19, e.1.1996 (Alnus incana), M. Mutanen leg.; KP: Kalajoki, Saarenkari 712:34, 19, 19.-20.vi.2000, M.

Mutanen leg.; KP: Kalajoki, Saarenkari 712:34, 19, 28.vi.2000, M. Mutanen leg. (slide MM 654); KP:

Kalajoki, Rahja 712:33, 10°, 19, 19.-20.vi.2000, M. Mutanen leg. (slide MM 618); KP: Lohtaja 711:32,

19, 19, 28.vi.2000, M. Mutanen leg. (slide MM 656); PPs: Hailuoto, Pöllä 720:39, 60°, 79, e.p.viii.2000

(Alnus incana), P. Välimäki leg.; PPS: Hailuoto 720:39, 79, 39, pupa 16.viii.2003 (Alnus incana), J.

Itämies leg. (slides MM 644, 648, 649, 650); PP: Tornio, Kalkkimaa 7313:384, 10°, larva 29.vii.1989, J.

Itämies leg.; St: Rauma mlk. 680:20 10, 19, vii.1988, J. Itämies leg.

82 MUTANEN et al.: On Heliozela resplendella and H. hammoniella

Fig. 5. Results of Relative Warp Analysis (Principal Component Analysis of partial warp scores) of

Heliozela forewing outline and pattern shape. Black squares: H. hammoniella male, black diamonds:

H. hammoniella female, open squares: H. resplendella male, open diamonds: H. resplendella female.

Diagnosis. External morphology. The male average forewing length is 2.61

mm (n=29), that of the female is 2.72 mm (n=29). The female is larger than the male

(t=3.196, df=56, p=0.002), and the male is slightly larger than that of H. hammoniella

(t=-2.135, df=46, p=0.038). Female size is the same in both species (t=0.7414, df=40,

p=0.463). The forewing ground colour and the amount of bronze varies, but does not

allow reliable differentiation from H. hammoniella. Similarly, the hindwing colour

appears the same in both species. Meanwhile, statistical treatment of the geometric

forewing shape data indicates consistent differences between the species in this respect

(F=12.767, df=28, p<0.005). The relative warp analysis showed that the species are

distinguishable by the relative warp one, but not by the relative warp two or the other

relative warps (Fig. 5). As shown by thin-plate spline deformations grids (Fig. 6), the

relative warp axis one reflects mostly the change in the shape of the proximal dorsal

spot, which in A. resplendella is more hook-shaped and bent towards the wing apex.

There is some overlap, but the majority of specimens can be distinguished by this

character only. There is a statistically significant difference between the sexes as well

(F=2.621, df=56, p<0.005), and it seems that males are more reliably distinguished

by this character than females. Wing shape analysis did not reveal differences in the

obliqueness of the termen between the species.

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 79-92

Figs 6-7. Average wing pattern differences between

H. resplendella (Fig. 6) and H. hammoniella (Fig.

7), shown with thin-plate-spline deformation grids

and compared to a consensus configuration over

Male genitalia. The species can

only be safely identified by the male

fultura inferior (might be attributable to

anellus) that surrounds the phallus. In

H. resplendella, there are 8—10 teeth that

are comparatively small and not bent at

the tip and therefore never have a hook-

like appearance (Figs 10-12, 16). In A.

hammoniella, there are ten stout teeth that

are larger than those of H. resplendella,

and many of them are clearly hook-

shaped. There is almost no variation in

this character, but to see the teeth clearly,

we recommend removal of the phallus

from the external genitalia.

Female genitalia. Females are ea-

sily distinguishable by the absolute lengths

of the apophyses anteriores and poste-

both species.

riores. Both are statistically very signi-

ficantly longer in H. resplendella (apo-

physes anteriores: t=-9.869, df=13, p<0.005; apophyses posteriores: t=-7.141, df=13,

p<0.005), and there is no overlap (Figs 20-21). In H. resplendella, the mean length

of the apophyses anteriores is 0.993+0.030 mm and the mean length of the apophyses

posteriores 1.65940.044 mm, while in H. hammoniella the corresponding values are

0.841+0.029 mm and 1.460+0.061 mm. Therefore, ıt seems that 1f the apophyses ante-

riores are longer than 0.91 mm and the apophyses posteriores longer than 1.56 mm, one

can safely assume that the species is H. resplendella.

Life history. The life history of the species was described in detail by Emmet (1976).

The larva mines the leaves of Alnus incana and A. glutinosa. Young seedlings are

preferred, and on larger trees larvae are usually found on branches up to 1.5 meter high,

but rarely higher up. Sometimes, especially on sandy sites with young alder, larvae

may be abundant. The larva starts mining from the petiole and continues to the midrib

and usually mines a 3—5 cm length of it after turning to the lateral rib. After making a

short (1-3 cm) mine to the lateral rib, the larva crosses to an adjacent, more basal rib

and turns backward to the midrib. The crossing mine in the blade usually turns reddish

or yellowish and is clearly visible (Figs 22—24). Finally, the larva makes an oval blotch

mine between the lateral ribs to the blade, situated proximally and usually on the same

side of the blade as the turning mine, cuts an oval case from the blotch, and drops down

to the ground. According to Emmet (1976), the larva mines the blotch for only about 24

hours. Due to this and the fact that larvae mining in the rib are hard to find, inhabited

mines are seldom seen. The larva does not continue feeding on the ground. The case

is attached to the ground particles, e.g. small stones or dead leaves near the place of

landing, deep in the litter. In places with scarce detritus, such as sand pits or sandy sea

shores, cases are rather easy to find, provided that the mines are low down and not

84 MUTANEN et al.: On Heliozela resplendella and H. hammoniella

Figs 8-9. Male genitalia (phallus removed) of Heliozela. 8. H. resplendella. 9. H. hammoniella.

scarce. Compared to most soil particles, the case appears reddish. The larva pupates

inside the case in the autumn (Emmet 1988). Adults are on the wing in June and July

(Finland).

Distribution. The species is widespread in North Central Europe, mostly lacking in

southernmost Europe, but reported from Corsica (Nieukerken 2004). We are not aware

of records outside Europe. In Finland, the species is distributed up to 67°N in the

north. Unlike H. hammoniella, it is common in southern Lapland (own observations).

Distribution is most easily determined based on vacated mines.

Remarks. The original account by Stainton (1851) as well as the label data of the

lectotype indicate that the primary material was not reared. The external characters and

genitalia of the lectotype are identical to those of our study material of H. resplendella

(Figs 28-29).

79-92

Nota lepid. 30 (1)

Figs 10-15. Male phallus of Heliozela. 10-12. H. resplendella. 13-15. H. hammoniella.

86 MUTANEN et al.: On Heliozela resplendella and H. hammoniella

Figs 16-17. Teeth of fultura inferior of Heliozela. 16. H. resplendella. 17. H. hammoniella.

Figs 18-19. Female genitalia of Heliozela. 18. H. resplendella. 19. H. hammoniella. The scale

is the same in both figures.

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 79-92 87

1.050 1.750

1.700

1.000

1.650

lores

0.950

1.600

1.550

0.900

1.500

0.850

Length of apophyses anteriores

1.450

Length of apophyses poster

0.800

1.400

20 21

0.750 1.350

H. hammoniella H. resplendelia H. hammoniella H. resplendella

Figs 20-21. Length of female apophyses anteriores (Fig. 20) and apophyses posteriors (Fig. 21) of Helio-

zela resplendella and H. hammoniella.

Heliozela hammoniella Sorhagen, 1885 (Figs 3-5, 7, 9, 13-15, 17,

19, 20-21, 25-27)

Heliozela hammoniella Sorhagen, 1885: 338.

Tinagma betulae Stainton, 1890: 264.

Material. Finland: PPe: Oulu 721:42, 50, 19, larva vili.2000 (Betula), M. & T. Mutanen leg. (slides

MM 619, 622, 623, 625, 627); PPs: Hailuoto 720:39, 20°, 19, larva v111.2000 (Betula), M. & T. Mutanen

leg. (slides MM 617, 629, 633); PPe: Hailuoto 720:39, 20°, 19, larva 2001 (Betula), M. & T. Mutanen

leg. (slides 615, 631); PPs: Hailuoto, Pöllä 720:39, 10°, 19, e.p. vu1.2000 (Betula sp.), P. Välimäki leg.;

EP: Närpiö 694:21, 19, 30.vi.1990, J. Itämies leg.; Kn: Vaala 715:51, 10°, 59, pupa 5.1x.1994 (Betula

pubescens), J. Itämies leg. (slides MM 636, 651, 653); Kn: Vaala 715:51, 20, 39, case 1x.2002 (Betula

pubescens), J. Itämies leg. (slides MM 635, 645, 658, 659); Kn: Vaala, Itäranta 715:51, 30, 39, ex.p. 1993,

J. Itämies leg.; Kn:Sotkamo 7089:603, 10°, larva 1x.1993 (Betula pubescens), J. Itämies leg. (slide MM

652); Kn:Vaala 715:51, 10°, larva 3.1x.1993 (Betula pubescens), J. Itämies leg. (slide MM 660); Kn: Vaala

715:51, 10°, larva 5.1x.1990 (Betula pubescens), J. Itämies leg.

Diagnosis. External morphology. The male average forewing length is 2.52

mm (n=19), that of the female is 2.76 mm (n=13). The female is larger than the male

(t=3.851, df=30, p=0.001), but of the same size as that of H. resplendella (see above).

The male is slightly smaller than that of H. resplendella (see above). Otherwise similar

to H. resplendella, but the proximal dorsal spot is usually more or less evenly rounded

or triangular, apparently never strongly curved towards the wing apex (Fig. 7). The spot

may be reduced, and in one specimen examined it is nearly absent.

Male genitalia. Similar to those of H. resplendella, but the teeth of the fultura

inferior are larger, and many of them are clearly bent at the tip, thus giving a hook-like

appearance (Figs 13-15, 17). Otherwise see H. resplendella above.

Female genitalia. Both apophyses anteriores and posteriores are shorter than in

H. resplendella, see above and Fig. 19.

Life history. The original description of H. hammoniella is actually a description of

its life history. Wood (1890) also gives a similar, detailed account for the species (as

Tinagma betulae). See also Emmet (1976). The larva lives on Betula spp., preferring

88 MUTANEN et al.: On Heliozela resplendella and H. hammoniella

Figs 22-27. Mines and case cuttings of larvae of Heliozela. 22-24. H. resplendella. 25-27. H. hammo-

niella.

saplings. Larvae are usually found below the height of one meter. In Finland, larvae are

usually scarcer than those of H. resplendella. According to Sorhagen (1886) and Emmet

(1976) the larva starts mining from the pith of the twig. We have verified this to be

correct. The larva then continues to the petiole and to the midrib of the leaf. Compared

to H. resplendella, the mine is very short in the blade. Unlike H. resplendella, the larva

does not make a turn in the blade but makes the blotch mine usually beside the midrib

near the leaf base, sometimes closer to the tip (Figs 25-27). Like H. resplendella, the

larva cuts an oval case from the blotch mine. The case is usually cut beside the midrib,

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 79-92 89

Figs 28-29. 28. Male genitalia of H. resplendella, lectotype. 29. Teeth of fultura inferior of H. resplen-

della, lectotype.

but sometimes the blotch mine is elongated sidewards, in which case the cutting 1s

made sidewards from the midrib as well. Exceptionally, the cutting may be made on the

midrib. Sorhagen (1886) and Hering (1957) reported that mined leaves usually become

limp and pale, but this was considered exceptional by Emmet (1976). Our experience

is that mined leaves remain stunted and are often paler than adjacent leaves (cf. Figs

26-27).

Distribution. In Europe, the distribution is more or less the same as that of H. res-

plendella, but reported more scarcely, and not around the Mediterranean (Nieukerken

2004). We are not aware of records outside Europe. Due to identification difficulties,

current knowledge is possibly partly unreliable. The distributions of both species should

be clarified with genital dissections of adult moths or by searching for vacated mines.

90 MUTANEN et al.: On Heliozela resplendella and H. hammoniella

In Finland, the species is widespread, but lacking in Lapland, while H. resplendella is

common even in the southernmost parts of Lapland (own observations).

Remarks. The first description of H. hammoniellaby Sorhagen(1885) was not mentioned

by himself in the subsequent review of the microlepidoptera of the Brandenburg area

(Sorhagen 1886). As noted above, the original description was only based on life

history, and according to Stange (1891) and Stainton (1891) no adult specimens were

reared in connection with the original discovery of the species. Only after Stange

managed to rear specimens from larvae H. hammoniella proved to be conspecific with

H. betulae Stainton; both Stange (1891) and Stainton (1891) published this synonymy.

Sorhagen’s collection was preserved in the Zoological Museum of Hamburg, and if

there nevertheless was a type specimen or series, it was destroyed by bombs and fire

in 1943 (Horn et al. 1990). Since the type material was reared on birch seedlings, and

since the Sorhagen’s (1886) description of its biology and our observations perfectly

match, it most probably represents the species here referred to as H. hammoniella, but

this naturally cannot be verified.

Acknowledgements

Ae are grateful for Ole Karsholt for helpful comments, Matthias Nuss for valuable information about

the destruction of Sorhagen’s collection and help in preparing this paper as well as Kevin Tuck (British

Museum of Natural History) for providing the type specimen of A. resplendella for examination. We also

wish to express our gratitude to Panu Välimäki and Tomi Mutanen for companionship in the field and help

in preparing this paper. Finally, we thank Sirkka-Liisa Leinonen and Bernard Landry for improving the

language.

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Nota lepid. 30 (1): 93-114 93

On the type specimens of the Tortricidae described by Eduard

Friedrich Eversmann from the Volgo-Ural Region

SVETLANA V. NEDOSHIVINA

Department of Entomology, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab., 7/9,

RUS-199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; e-mail: n svet(@list.ru

Abstract. The type material of the species of Tortricidae described by E. Eversmann from the Volgo-Ural

Region was examined in the collection of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences,

St. Petersburg, Russia. Lectotypes are designated for 19 taxa. The following previous synonymies are

documented in more details: Archips rosana (Linnaeus, 1758) = Tortrix testaceana Eversmann, 1844;

Phtheochroa inopiana (Haworth, 1811) = Tortrix tripsiana Eversmann, 1844; Epiblema costipunctana

(Haworth, 1811) = Paedisca cervana Eversmann, 1844; Capricornia boisduvaliana (Duponchel, 1836)

= Tortrix graphitana Eversmann, 1844; Paedisca (now in Argyroploce) externa Eversmann,

1844 = Selenodes dalecarliana Guenée, 1845; Grapholitha (now in Epibactra) immundana Eversmann,

1844 = [Syndemis] cuphulana Herrich-Schäffer, 1851 = Grapholitha sareptana Herrich-Schäffer, 1861.

Eugnosta parreyssiana (Duponchel, 1843) is elevated from the status of a subspecies to that of a species

and a comparative diagnosis is provided.

Introduction

This article deals with the type material of Tortricidae described by E. Eversmann from

the Volgo-Ural region. The majority of Eversmann’s descriptions were published in his

famous “Fauna lepidopterologica Volgo-Uralensis” (Eversmann 1844) and a few in

“Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou” (Eversmann 1842). As a

whole he described 24 species of tortricid moths from the region under consideration.

Surprisingly, most of them were never reexamined for taxonomic or faunistic purposes

so far. As a result, most of his names were ignored or forgotten by later revisers or were

wrongly considered as synonyms of widely distributed European species. In his work

of 1844, Eversmann only gave short and poorly detailed descriptions without illustra-

tions. This often led to great confusion regarding the status of some of his species and

consequently, the examination of the type material was required.

Eduard Friedrich Eversmann (1794-1860) (Fig. 1) was born in the village of

Wehringhausen, nearby Hagen, in Westfalia. In 1814, after taking a doctor’s degree,

he moved to Russia with plans to visit the innermost parts of Asia. Being European,

he was not allowed to go further than Bukhara and had to come back. Beginning in

1820 Eversmann lived in Orenburg and practised medicine for seven years. In 1827 he

was invited to Kasan University to assume a professorship in natural history, which he

held until his death. During his lifetime Eversmann organized numerous expeditions

through the territory comprised between the Volga River and the Ural Mountains and

made a great contribution to the knowledge of the entomofauna of that region as well

as Russia as a whole (Geptner 1940).

Eversmann surely possessed one of the largest private entomological collections of

the mid-19"" Century in the whole of Europe. After his death, the main part of his

collection was bought and presented to the Russian Entomological Society by the

Nota lepidopterologica, 15.05.2007, ISSN 0342-7536

94 NEDOSHIVINA: Type specimens of Tortricidae described by Eversmann

Society’s patron, the Grand Duchess Elena Pavlovna. A catalogue of Eversmann’s col-

lection of Lepidoptera was published soon afterwards by O. V. Bremer (1867). Since

then, Eversmann’s specimens have been kept in the Zoological Institute of the Russian

Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg, Russia (ZISP), where they were arranged taxo-

nomically within the main collection. The smaller part of Eversmann’s collection was

transmitted to his disciple, the famous chemist Alexander M. Butlerov; it is now kept

in the collection of Kasan State University. A catalogue of Lepidoptera from Butlerov’s

collection was published by N. M. Mel’nikov (1887) and 63 species of Tortricidae are

listed among other species. It 1s possible that some additional type specimens are kept

in this collection, but they are not considered in the present paper because the material

has not yet been examined. However, the published information on these specimens is

given under the comments of the relevant species.

The specimens of Eversmann’s collection could still be identified by their distinctive

labels as follows:

l Each specimen has a standard white label with printed text “coll. Eversmann.”

(Fig. 2).

2 The vast majority of specimens have a handwritten (in ink) original label bearing

an abbreviation of locality, sometimes combined with the date of collecting

(Fig. 3a). The following abbreviations were used by Eversmann for most typical

localities: “Orb” — Orenburg, Russia; “Kas” — Kasan, Tatarstan, Russia; and

“Spask” — Spassk, which was Eversmann’s estate at 106 km ENE from Orenburg!.

3 Each specimen also has a label with two red vertical lines along the edges and an

individual code written in ink (Fig. 3b). These labels were probably added after

the reception of the collection by the Russian Entomological Society to give ordinal

numbers to each species in the original collection and to mark a position for each

specimen in a series. The code consists of a number and a letter in Roman alphabet.

The number refers to a species number in Eversmann’s collection. Thus, the speci-

mens with the same numbers were considered by Eversmann to be conspecific. The

original position of a specimen in the series 1s determined by the letter on its label. This

system allowed us to judge the quantity of specimens in a series. It is especially

important considering that Eversmann did not ever record the number of specimens

in the original descriptions. Only his comment “Volat raro” (meaning “infrequent”)

allows us to suppose a few specimens in a type series.

4 Some (but relatively few) specimens have an original handwritten Eversmann’s

label with the species name (Fig. 3c). In most cases these specimens were selected

as lectotypes.

The type material of 24 species described by E. Eversmann in the “Tortrices” species

group from the Volgo-Ural Region was examined. As a result new synonymies were

' When E. Eversmann recorded the locality of “Spask” as “promontoriis Uralensibus”, I consider this

record to correspond to the territory of Orenburg Province. There is no evidence in support of consider-

ing Spassk as a town to the SE of Kasan, now disappeared under the Volga’s waters.

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 93-114 95

coll. Etersmann,

ins equana

gılvana pullana

Figs 1-3. 1. E. Eversmann (from Bogdanov 1891). 2. Standard label associated with each specimen

of Eversmann’s collection. 3. Handwritten labels. 3a. Eversmann’s labels with abbreviations of localities.

3b. Labels with individual specimen codes. 3c. Original labels with species names.

proposed for seven species and two species names were considered as oldest valid

names (Anikin et al. 2006). Because the latter didn’t record detailed information on

types, I provide here all possible data, including images of moths and drawings of geni-

talia structures, as well as lectotype designations.

All of Eversmann’s species are listed alphabetically below and for each species the fol-

lowing information is provided:

1. Original reference with type locality.

2. Types. Designation of lectotype and paralectotypes, and description of their labels.

3. Present status of the species based on my investigations of the type material and

literature data, mostly that contained in the monographs by J. Razowski (2001,

2002, 2003) and the world Tortricidae catalogue by J. Brown et al. (2005).

4. Comments. Additional data concerning the type specimens, criteria for the selection

of the lectotype, and specimens not included in the type series.

5. Taxonomic notes. The principal works in which the species was mentioned and

the previous status of the species.

96 NEDOSHIVINA: Type specimens of Tortricidae described by Eversmann

An annotated checklist of E. Eversmann’s Volgo-Ural Tortricidae

1. acutana Eversmann, 1844 (Figs 13, 41)

Cochylis acutana Eversmann, 1844, Fauna lepidopterologica Volgo-Uralensis: 529.

Locus typicus: “in provincia Casanensi”.

Types. Lectotype © (here designated) (Fig. 13): ‘Kas | 27.VI’ <handwritten>,

‘187g’ <handwritten>, ‘Praep. micr. N 0043 | Bactra furfurana | (Haworth, 1811) |

S. Nedoshivina det., 2006’ <white, printed>, “‘“LECTOTYPUS. | Cochylis acutana

Ev., 1844. | S. Nedoshivina design. 2007’ <red, printed>. — Paralectotypes: 10° and 29

from Kasan (‘Kas’).

Present status: Bactra furfurana (Haworth, 1811).

Comments. The genitalia of the lectotype (Fig. 41) are in euparal. The paralectotypes

were collected in June (‘Kas | 27.VI’, ‘Kas | 28.VI’, ‘Kas | 24.VI’). There is another

specimen without abdomen in the original collection. I suppose it was not included

in the type series because the specimen was collected in Orenburg (‘Orb’). It was

determined by A. Diakonoff as Bactra furfurana (Haworth, 1811) and bears the fol-

lowing label ‘Gen. No: 4140 Museum Leiden Bactra (Bactra) furfurana Hw. det.

A. Diakonoff”.

Taxonomic notes. This name has been known for a long time to be a junior synonym

of Bactra furfurana (Haworth, 1811) (Rebel 1901). My examination confirms this syn-

onymy.

2. arabescana Eversmann, 1844 (Figs 6, 28)

Cochylis arabescana Eversmann, 1844, Fauna lepidopterologica Volgo-Uralensis:

528. Locus typicus: “in promontoriis Uralensibus”.

Types. Lectotype © (here designated) (Fig. 6): ‘169e’ <handwritten>, ‘Praep. micr.

N 0012 | Pelochrista arabescana | (Eversmann, 1844) | S. Nedoshivina det., 2006’

<white, printed>, ‘LECTOTYPUS. | Cochylis arabescana Ev., 1844. | S. Nedoshivina

design. 2007’ <red, printed>. — Paralectotypes: 6 9 from Spassk (‘Spask’).

Present status: Pelochrista arabescana (Eversmann, 1844).

Comments. The genitalia of the lectotype (Fig. 28) are in euparal. One female in the

original collection does not belong to the type series because it was collected in August

(‘Spask | Aug’), whereas the decription was based on the specimens collected in June

and July: “Volat non rara in promontoriis Uralensibus, Iunio et Iulio.” Probably an ad-

ditional syntype is in the collection of Kasan State University (Melnikov 1887).

Taxonomic notes. This species name has been known as valid. My examination con-

firms this opinion.

3. blandana Eversmann, 1844 (Figs 7, 42)

Tortrix blandana Eversmann, 1844, Fauna lepidopterologica Volgo-Uralensis: 492.

Locus typicus: “in promontoriis Uralensibus”’.

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 93-114 97

miata ala

palatal

Figs 4-11. Lectotypes of Eversmann’s tortricid species (scale bar 1 cm). 4. Tortrix hydrargyrana Eversmann.

a. Photo. b. Eversmann’s drawing from the original description. 5. Teras umbraculana Eversmann.

6. Cochylis arabescana Eversmann. 7. Tortrix blandana Eversmann. 8. Tortrix pulverana Eversmann.

9. Tortrix stigmatana Eversmann. 10. Paedisca cervana Eversmann. 11. Tortrix testaceana Eversmann.

12. Tortrix insequana Eversmann. 13. Cochylis acutana Eversmann. 14. Cochylis obliquana Eversmann.

98 NEDOSHIVINA: Type specimens of Tortricidae described by Eversmann

Types. Lectotype: © (here designated) (Fig. 7): “Spask’ <handwritten>, ‘blandana’

<handwritten>, ‘69a’ <handwritten>, ‘Cotypus | blandana Ev. | des. Kuzn[etzov]’ <red,

handwritten>, ‘Praep. Genit. Nr.: | 4380 & | Stenodes | blandana Ev. | Praep. et det.

dana Ev. | © Cotypus’ <handwritten>, ‘LECTOTYPUS. | Tortrix blandana Ev., 1844. |

S. Nedoshivina design. 2007’ <red, printed>. — Paralectotypes: 59 and 19 from Spassk

(‘Spask’) and 1 S without locality label.

Present status: Cochylimorpha blandana (Eversmann, 1844).

Comments. The genitalia of the lectotype (Fig. 42) are in Canada balsam. One male

without locality label from the original collection has Eversmann’s label ‘69h’, which

corresponds to the label of the lectotype (‘69a’). Based on this fact, it is designated

as paralectotype. One female paralectotype has the original author’s label ‘blandana

Evm.’ and was later additionally labelled ‘Stenodes Q | blandana Ev. | Typus. Praep.

micr. N 9710’. The same additional label ‘Stenodes © | blandana Ev. | Typus. Praep.

micr. N 9710’ is also affixed to one male paralectotype. Another male paralectotype

has J. Razowskt’s labels ‘blandana’, ‘G.S. | 10200 © | det. J. Razowski’, ‘Praep. micr.

N 312’. One male paralectotype has a label ‘Blandana Evm. sic! HS.’ probably written

by Eversmann’s hand.

Taxonomic notes. This species name has the status of a valid taxon since its descrip-

tion; my examination confirms this opinion.

4. cervana Eversmann, 1844 (Figs 10, 36)

Paedisca cervana Eversmann, 1844, Fauna lepidopterologica Volgo-Uralensis: 507.

Locus typicus: “in promontoriis Uralensibus”.

Types. Lectotype o (here designated) (Fig. 10): ‘Spask | lun’ <handwritten>, ‘176a’

<handwritten>, ‘cervana’ <handwritten>, ‘scutulana’ <handwritten>, ‘Epiblema

costipunctana | (Haworth, 1811) | S. Nedoshivina det., 2006’ <white, printed>,

‘LECTOTYPUS. | Paedisca cervana Ev., 1844. | S. Nedoshivina design. 2007’

<red, printed>. — Paralectotypes. 19 and 1 specimen without abdomen from Spassk

(‘Spask’).

Present status: Epiblema costipunctana (Haworth, 1811).

Comments. The genitalia of the lectotype (Fig. 36) were mounted on slide, but the

slide was unfortunately lost. A female from the original type series labelled ‘176b’

is not conspecific with the lectotype and belongs to Epinotia demarniana (Fischer

von Röslerstamm, 1840) (gen. prep. N 0052). Another syntype labelled ‘Spask | Iun’,

‘176c’ is not conspecific with the lectotype either, but because it is without abdomen,

its determination remains uncertain, although probably it is conspecific with Epiblema

graphanum (Treitschke, 1835).

Taxonomic notes. Shortly after it was described, this species was synonymized with

Paedisca dissimilana Treitschke, 1835 (Herrich-Schäffer 1847-[1855]). In 1901,

H. Rebel treated dissimilana Tr. as a junior synonym of Phalaena Tortrix similana

Hiibner, 1793. Later, both were considered as junior synonyms of Epinotia trigonella

(Linnaeus, 1758), and cervana Eversmann has been known for a long time to be a junior

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 93-114 99

MURD- oy ternana

Eu.

sas

Figs 15-27. Lectotypes of Eversmann’s tortricid species (scale bar 1 cm). 15. Paedisca externa Eversmann.

16. Tortrixgraphitana Eversmann. 17. Tortrix tergana Eversmann. 18. Grapholitha immundana Eversmann.

19. Teras obtusana Eversmann. 20. Grapholitha quadratana Eversmann. 21. Tortrix gilvana Eversmann.

22. Sericoris pullana Eversmann. 23. Tortrix externana Eversmann. 24. Teras longulana Eversmann.

25. Cochylis discopunctana Eversmann. 26. Tortrix tripsiana Eversmann. 27. Teras radiolana Eversmann.

100 NEDOSHIVINA: Type specimens of Tortricidae described by Eversmann

synonym of Epiblema similanum (Fabricius, 1794) (e.g., Razowski 2003). However,

my examination showed that it is conspecific with Epiblema costipunctana (Haworth,

1811) (sensu Razowski 2003) and should be considered as its junior synonym (see

Anikin et al. 2006).

5. discopunctana Eversmann, 1844 (Figs 25, 50)

Cochylis discopunctana Eversmann, 1844, Fauna lepidopterologica Volgo-Uralensis:

528. Locus typicus: “in promontoriis Uralensibus”.

Types. Lectotype © (here designated) (Fig. 25): ‘Spask’ <handwritten>, ‘195b’ <hand-

written>, ‘praep. | micr. | N 7749 | Eux. discopunctana Ev. © | Cotypus. Spask’ <white,

printed>, ‘Praep. micr. N 0040 | Cochylimorpha discopunctana | (Eversmann, 1844) |

S. Nedoshivina det., 2006’ <white, printed>, ‘LECTOTYPUS. | Cochylis discopunc-

tana Ev., 1844. | S. Nedoshivina design. 2007’ <red, printed>. — Paralectotypes: 10°, 19

and | specimen without abdomen from Spassk (‘Spask’).

Present status: Cochylimorpha discopunctana (Eversmann, 1844).

Comments. The genitalia of the lectotype (Fig. 50) are in euparal. In Razowski’s paper

of 1970, the type locality was given erroneously for discopunctana Eversmann, 1844:

“Rußland: Kasan-Distrikt”.

Taxonomic notes. This species name has been known as valid, but the type material was

never reexamined and supposed to be lost (Razowski 1970: 177). The type material is

available in ZISP and my examination confirms the validity of the species name.

6. externa Eversmann, 1844 (Figs 15, 39)

Paedisca externa Eversmann, 1844, Fauna lepidopterologica Volgo-Uralensis: 508.

Locus typicus: “in provincia Casanensi”.

Types. Lectotype © (here designated) (Fig. 15): ‘Kas’<handwritten>, ‘164a’<handwrit-

ten>, ‘Praep. micr. N 0008 | Argyroploce externa | (Eversmann, 1844) | S. Nedoshivina

det., 2006’ <white, printed>, ‘LECTOTYPUS. | Paedisca externa Ev., 1844. | S.

Nedoshivina design. 2007’ <red, printed>, ‘Exterana <sic> Ev. | Roseomaculana H-

Sch.’ <written in Eversmann’s hand>.

Present status: Argyroploce externa (Eversmann, 1844).

Comments. The genitalia of the lectotype (Fig. 39) are in euparal. The lectotype prob-

ably is the single specimen of the original type series. This suggestion is confirmed

indirectly by the presence of the letter ‘a’ on the label ‘164a’.

Taxonomic notes. The last citation of Paedisca externa Eversmann in the literature

is found in the catalogue of H. Rebel (1901) where the species name was treated as

valid. Since 1901, it was out of usage and its status remained uncertain. My examina-

tion shows that the type specimen of externa Eversmann is conspecific with that of

Argyroploce dalecarliana (Guenée, 1845) (sensu Brown 2005). Because of the prin-

ciple of priority, externa Eversmann is the valid name and dalecarliana Guenée is

considered as its junior synonym (see Anikin et al. 2006).

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 93-114 101

G HH

Figs 28-35. Genitalia of lectotypes (scale bar 0.5 mm). 28. Cochylis arabescana Eversmann. 29. Teras

umbraculana Eversmann. 30. Grapholitha immundana Eversmann. 31. Tortrix tripsiana Eversmann.

32. Tortrix tergana Eversmann. 33. Tortrix pulverana Eversmann. 34. Cochylis obliquana Eversmann.

35. Tortrix externana Eversmann.

102 NEDOSHIVINA: Type specimens of Tortricidae described by Eversmann

7. externana Eversmann, 1844 (Figs 23, 35)

Tortrix externana Eversmann, 1844, Fauna lepidopterologica Volgo-Uralensis: 490.

Locus typicus: “in promontoriis Uralensibus”’.

Types. Lectotype © (designated by J. Razowski, 1970) (Fig. 23): ‘Spask’ <handwrit-

ten>, ‘40a’ <handwritten>, ‘G.S. — 1030 ©. | Ceratoxanthis | externana | J. Razowski’

<white, printed>, ‘praep. | micr. | N 278 | externana Ev. | L-Holotypus’ <handwrit-

ten>, ‘LECTOTYPUS. | Tortrix externana Ev., 1844. | J. Razowski design. 1970’ <red,

printed>.

Present status: Ceratoxanthis externana (Eversmann, 1844).

Comments. The genitalia of the lectotype (Fig. 35) are in Canada balsam. The lecto-

type was designated by Razowski (1970), but the genitalia of this specimen were not

figured. The female of C. externana (also on genitalia slide N 278) whose genitalia

were figured in the same paper, was incorrectly interpreted by Razowski as a paralecto-

type. Actually it was collected by H. Christoph in Guberli in 1891 and does not belong

to the externana type series; the latter probably consisting of a single specimen. This

mistake was probably caused by the presence of the genitalia of both specimens on the

same slide although under separate cover glasses.

Taxonomic notes. This species name was considered to be valid since its description.

This status was confirmed by Razowski (1970).

8. gilvana Eversmann, 1842 (Figs 21, 47)

Tortrix gilvana Eversmann, 1842, Bull. Soc. Imper. Nat. Moscou 15(3): 562. Locus

typicus: “in provinciae Casanensis”.

Types. Lectotype © (here designated) (Fig. 21): ‘gi/vana’ <handwritten in ink>, ‘di-

versana H.’ <handwritten in pencil>, ‘33e° <handwritten in ink>, ‘Praep. micr. N 0018

| Choristoneura diversana | (Hübner, 1817) | S. Nedoshivina det., 2006’ <white, print-

ed>, “LECTOTYPUS. | Tortrix gilvana Ev., 1842. |S. Nedoshivina design. 2007’ <red,

printed>. — Paralectotypes: 3 specimens (without abdomen) from Kasan (‘Kas’) and

19 without locality label.

Present status: Choristoneura diversana (Hübner, 1817).

Comments. The genitalia of the lectotype (Fig. 47) are in euparal. The type series of

gilvana in the original collection consists of six specimens. Three paralectotypes from

Kasan (‘Kas’) with labels ‘33a’, ‘33b°, ‘33c’ are in very poor condition: one only has

part of the thorax and the hind wings, and the other two only have part of the thorax with

one fore and one hind wing. The fourth specimen, labelled ‘Spask’, ‘Diversana 50’,

33d’, was probably collected some time later because Spassk does not correspond

with Kasan Province, which is considered to be the type locality. So I suppose that

this specimen does not belong to the type series. The two remaining syntypes have no

locality labels and are labelled ‘gi/vana’, ‘diversana H.’, ‘33e’ and ‘Diversana 52’,

‘33f°. The first of these two is evidently conspecific with the specimens from Kasan

and here designated lectotype, whereas the other belongs to Choristoneura lafauryana

(Ragonot, 1875) (gen. prep. N 0053).

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 93-114 103

SATA

{il TARAS

M RL | N

fil N Vu

= GH

Figs 36-43. Genitalia of lectotypes (scale bar 0.5 mm). 36. Paedisca cervana Eversmann. 37. Tortrix

graphitana Eversmann. 38. Tortrix insequana Eversmann. 39. Paedisca externa Eversmann. 40. Tortrix

stigmatana Eversmann. 41. Cochylis acutana Eversmann. 42. Tortrix blandana Eversmann. 43. Sericoris

pullana Eversmann.

104 NEDOSHIVINA: Type specimens of Tortricidae described by Eversmann

Taxonomic notes. Tortrix gilvana Eversmann was synonymized with [Tortrix] diver-

sana Hiibner, 1817, by Herrich-Schaffer (1847 — [1855]). Eversmann probably ac-

cepted Herrich-Schäffer’s opinion and made corresponding additions of labels in his

collection. Rebel (1901) removed Eversmann’s species from synonymy and considered

it as valid, and Kennel (1908) followed this opinion. The most recent record of gilvana

Eversmann in the literature is in Obraztsov (1955), who treated it as a junior synonym

of Archips rosana (Linnaeus, 1758). After that this species name was overlooked. My

examination confirms that Tortrix gilvana is conspecific with Choristoneura diversana

(Hiibner, 1817) (sensu Razowski 2002) and should be considered as its junior syno-

nym.

9. graphitana Eversmann, 1844 (Figs 16, 37)

Tortrix graphitana Eversmann, 1844, Fauna lepidopterologica Volgo-Uralensis: 496.

Locus typicus: “circa Casanum”’.

Types. Lectotype ¢ (here designated) (Fig. 16): ‘Kas | 7.VI’ <handwritten>, ‘55a’

<handwritten>, ‘Praep. micr. N 0009 | Capricornia boisduvaliana | (Duponchel, 1836)

| S. Nedoshivina det., 2006’ <white, printed>, ‘LECTOTYPUS. | Tortrix graphitana

Ev., 1844. | S. Nedoshivina design. 2007’ <red, printed>, ‘graphitana mihi’ < written

in Eversmann’s hand>. |

Present status: Capricornia boisduvaliana (Duponchel, 1836).

Comments. The genitalia of the lectotype (Fig. 37) are in euparal. The lectotype prob-

ably is the single specimen of the type series. This is confirmed indirectly by presence

of the letter “a” on the label ‘55a’ and Eversmann’s remark “volat raro” meaning “in-

frequent” in the original description.

Taxonomic notes. Herrich-Schäffer (1847-[1855]) synonymized Tortrix graphitana

Eversmann, 1844, as well as Pyralis conwayana [sic!] Fabricius, 1775, with Tortrix

hofmannseggana Hiibner, 1799. Later, Rebel (1901) considered hofmannseggana

Hübner as a junior synonym of Tortrix conwayana [sic!] (Fabricius, 1775). As for

graphitana Eversmann, it was not mentioned by Rebel (1901) and Kennel (1908), but

suddenly reappeared in Hannemann (1961) where it was treated as a junior synonym

of Pseudargyrotoza conwagana (Fabricius, 1775). Since that time, this synonymy has

been generally accepted. However, my examination shows that graphitana Eversmann

is a Junior synonym of Capricornia boisduvaliana (Duponchel, 1836) (sensu Razowski

2003) (see Anikin et al. 2006).

10. hydrargyrana Eversmann, 1842 (Figs 4a, 4b, 45)

Tortrix hydrargyrana Eversmann, 1842, Bull. Soc. Imper. Natural. Moscou: 563, pl. 6

fig. 14. Locus typicus: “in promontoriis Uralensibus”.

Types. Lectotype 9 (designated by Razowski, 1970: 260) (Figs 4a, 4b): “‘Spask’

<handwritten>, ‘74g’ <handwritten>, ‘Praep. micr. N 0048 | Eugnosta hydrargyrana

| (Eversmann, 1842) | S. Nedoshivina det., 2006’ <white, printed>, ‘LECTOTYPUS. |

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 93-114 105

: N N | \ N) \\

SEN. \ \

BEINEN

ik)

VER

hy #4

ghee | 8

Figs 44-50. Genitalia of lectotypes (scale bar 0.5 mm). 44. Teras obtusana Eversmann. 45. Tortrix hy-

drargyrana Eversmann. 46. Tortrix testaceana Eversmann. 47. Tortrix gilvana Eversmann. 48. Grapholitha

quadratana Eversmann. 49. Teras longulana Eversmann. 50. Cochylis discopunctana Eversmann.

106 NEDOSHIVINA: Type specimens of Tortricidae described by Eversmann

Tortrix hydrargyrana Ev., 1842. | J. Razowski design. 1970’ <red, printed>. — Paralec-

totypes: 29 and 39 from Spassk (*Spask’), 1 © from Orenburg (‘Orb’), and 1 © with-

out locality label.

Present status: Eugnosta hydrargyrana (Eversmann, 1842).

Comments. The genitalia of the lectotype (Fig. 45) are in euparal. One male and one fe-

male from the type series respectively bear Eversmann’s original labels ‘Hydrargyrana

Eversm.’ and ‘Hydrargyrana’ .

Taxonomic notes. This species name has been mentioned as valid since its descrip-

tion. Razowski (1970) confirmed this opinion after investigating the type series and he

designated a lectotype. However, the genitalia of the lectotype were not dissected. They

are figured here for the first time.

11. immundana Eversmann, 1844 (Figs 18, 30)

Grapholitha |sic!| immundana Eversmann, 1844, Fauna lepidopterologica Volgo-

Uralensis: 513. Locus typicus: “in promontoriis Uralensibus”.

Types. Lectotype S (here designated) (Fig. 18): ‘Spask’ <handwritten>, ‘245a’

<handwritten>, ‘Praep. micr. N 0014 | Epibactra immundana | (Eversmann, 1844) |

S. Nedoshivina det., 2006’ <white, printed>, ‘LECTOTYPUS. | Grapholitha immun-

dana Ev., 1844. | S. Nedoshivina design. 2007’ <red, printed>. — Paralectotype: 1 speci-

men without abdomen from Spassk (“Spask’).

Present status: Epibactra immundana (Eversmann, 1844).

Comments. The genitalia of the lectotype (Fig. 30) are in euparal. Two specimens of

immundana Eversmann were found in the original collection. Although only the speci-

men without abdomen has Eversmann’s distinguishing label ‘immundana’, both have a

label with number “245” showing that they were syntypes.

Taxonomic notes. Shortly after the description, Eversmann sent a probable syntype

of his Grapholitha immundana to Herrich-Schaffer, who interpreted it as the already

described Paedisca immundana Fischer von Rôslerstamm, 1839. Later, in his work of

1847-[1855], Herrich-Schäffer described the specimen of Eversmann as new species

cuphulana Herrich-Schäffer, 1851: “[Syndemis] 431. Cuphulana m.[ihi]. Eine ähnli-

che, doch unterschiedene Art schickte mir Herr Eversmann als /mmundana, der Saum

der Vordeflügel steht merklich schräger, die Saumlinie ist nur gegend den Afterwinkel

etwas braun, aussen nicht leicht eingelegt, an der Stelle des Spiegels einige schwarze

Punkte. Zum Abbilden ist das Exemplar verflogen.” Therefore cuphulana Herrich-

Schäffer, 1851, was synonymized with immundana Eversmann, 1844 (Anikin et al.

2006). My examination shows that the syntypes of immundana Eversmann are also con-

specific with Epibactra sareptana (Herrich-Schäffer, 1861) (sensu Razowski 2003), so

sareptana Herrich-Schäffer, 1861 also was synonymized with immundana Eversmann,

1844 (see Anikin et al. 2006).

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 93-114 107

12. insequana Eversmann, 1844 (Figs 12, 38)

Tortrix insequana Eversmann, 1844, Fauna lepidopterologica Volgo-Uralensis: 496.

Locus typicus: “in promontoriis Uralensibus”.

Types. Lectotype JS (here designated) (Fig. 12): ‘Spask’ <handwritten>, °75b’

<handwritten>, ‘Praep. micr. N 0054 | Eugnosta parreyssiana | (Duponchel, 1843) |

S. Nedoshivina det., 2006’ <white, printed>, ‘LECTOTYPUS. | Tortrix insequana Ev.,

1844. | S. Nedoshivina design. 2007’ <red, printed>. — Paralectotypes: 29 and | speci-

men without abdomen from Spassk (‘Spask’), and 1 © from Orenburg (‘Orb’).

Present status: Eugnosta parreyssiana (Duponchel, 1843), stat. rev.

Comments. The genitalia of the lectotype (Fig. 38) are in euparal. One male paralecto-

type bears Eversmann’s original label ‘insequana’.

Taxonomic notes. Herrich-Schäffer (1847-[1855]) synonymized this species name

with Argyroptera parreyssiana Duponchel, 1843 and since then insequana Eversmann

has not been mentioned in the literature. As for parreyssiana Duponchel, it was con-

sidered to be a subspecies of Eugnosta hydrargyrana (Eversmann, 1842) (e.g., Leraut

1997). Later, Razowski (1970) treated insequana Eversmann as a questionable junior

synonym of parreyssiana Duponchel. He supposed also that the type material of inse-

quana Eversmann was probably lost (Razowskı 1970: 261). My examination shows

that insequana Eversmann is indeed conspecific with parreyssiana Duponchel (sensu

Razowski 2002) and that the latter has sufficiently distinct and stable characters to

distinguish it from hydrargyrana Eversmann. Specimens of hydrargyrana as well as

parreyssiana (=insequana) in Eversmann’s collection originate from Spassk (‘Spask’)

and Orenburg (‘Orb’). This sympatry further supports the status of distinct species for

parreyssiana.

Diagnosis (of Eugnosta parreyssiana (Duponchel, 1843)). The forewings of parreys-

siana are much shorter (6-9 mm) than those of hydrargyrana (12-14 mm). The silver

spots of parreyssiana are minor, narrow, elongated slightly, and with rounded edges,

whereas in hydrargyrana the spots are large, wide and compact in shape, tightly ar-

ranged, with the edges of neighbouring spots almost parallel. In the male genitalia of

parreyssiana one cornutus is twice as long as the other (Fig. 38), whereas in hydrargyrana

(sensu Razowski, 2002: Pl. 14 Fig. 135a) both cornuti are similar in length. The medial

process of the transtilla in parreyssiana ıs triangular and its distal part is about twice as nar-

row as the proximal part. In hydrargyrana the medial process is longer, more or less uni-

form in width (at least, its distal part is less than 1.5 times as narrow as the proximal). Also,

the soci of parreyssiana are pointed whereas in hydrargyrana they are apically rounded.

According to Razowski (2002: 53) the female genitalia of parreyssiana (Razowski

2002: PI. 50 Fig. 135b) have the proximal part of the sterigma rather small, slender, and the

sclerites of the corpus bursae are small; whereas in hydrargyrana (Fig. 45) the proximal

part of the sterigma is broad and the sclerites of the bursa copulatrix are strong.

108 NEDOSHIVINA: Type specimens of Tortricidae described by Eversmann

13. Jongulana Eversmann, 1844 (Figs 24, 49)

Teras longulana Eversmann, 1844, Fauna lepidopterologica Volgo-Uralensis: 525.

Locus typicus: “in provincia Casanensi”.

Types. Lectotype @ (designated by Kyrki, 1982) (Fig. 24): ‘Kas’ <handwritten>,

‘longulana Ev.’ <handwritten>, ‘6a’ <handwritten>, ‘/ongulana in litt. see coll.

Eversmann’ <handwritten>, “Prep. No | A 197 | J. Kyrkı’ <white, printed>, ‘Acleris |

lacordairana (Dup.) | det. Jorma Kyrki | .4.1981’ <handwritten>, “Typus | Teras longu-

lana | Eversmann, 1844’ <red handwritten >, “LECTOTYPUS. | Teras longulana Ev.,

1844. | J. Kyrki design. 1982’ <red, printed>.

Present status: Acleris lacordairana (Duponchel, 1836).

Comments. The genitalia of the lectotype (Fig. 49) are in euparal.

Taxonomic notes. This species name was removed from the synonymy of Acleris

notana (Donovan, 1806) and placed as a junior synonym of Acleris lacordairana

(Duponchel, 1836) by Kyrki (1982).

14. obliquana Eversmann, 1844 (Figs 14, 34)

Cochylis obliquana Eversmann, 1844, Fauna lepidopterologica Volgo-Uralensis: 528.

Locus typicus: “in provincia Casanensi”. |

Types. Lectotype © (here designated) (Fig. 14): ‘101b’ <handwritten>, ‘praep. |

micr. | N 7297 ©’ <handwritten>, ‘Praep. micr. N 0039 | Cochylimorpha obliquana

| (Eversmann, 1844) | S. Nedoshivina det., 2006’ <white, printed>, ‘LECTOTYPUS.

| Cochylis obliquana Ev., 1844. | S. Nedoshivina design. 2007’ <red, printed>. —

Paralectotype: 15 from Kasan (‘Kas’).

Present status: Cochylimorpha obliquana (Eversmann, 1844).

Comments. The genitalia of the lectotype (Fig. 34) are in euparal. Probably one addi-

tional syntype is in the collection of Kasan State University (Melnikov 1887).

Taxonomic notes. This species name has been known as valid for a long time. However,

the type material had not been examined and according to a widespread belief, it was

considered lost (Razowski 1970: 178). As shown here, the original type material 1s de-

posited in ZISP and my examination confirms the validity of the species name.

15. obtusana Eversmann, 1844 (Figs 19, 44)

Teras obtusana Eversmann, 1844, Fauna lepidopterologica Volgo-Uralensis: 524.

Locus typicus: “in provincia Casanensi”.

Types. Lectotype 9 (designated by J. Kyrki, 1982) (Fig. 19): ‘Kas | 25.X° <handwrit-

H.S.’ <handwritten>, ‘Praep. micr. N 0044 | Acleris obtusana | (Eversmann, 1844) |

S. Nedoshivina det., 2006’ <white, printed>, ‘LECTOTYPUS. | Teras obtusana |

Eversmann, 1844 | des. J. Kyrki 1981’ <red, printed>. — Paralectotypes: 5Q from Kasan

(‘Kas’) and 29 without locality label.

Present status: Acleris obtusana (Eversmann, 1844).

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 93-114 109

Comments. The genitalia of the lectotype (Fig. 44) are in euparal. Two males labelled

‘Orb’ were treated by Kyrki (1982) as paralectotypes incorrectly because they were not

mentioned in the original description.

Taxonomic notes. This species name was removed from the synonymy of Acleris bos-

cana (Fabricius, 1794) and considered to be valid by Kyrki (1982).

16. pullana Eversmann, 1844 (Figs 22, 43)

Sericoris pullana Eversmann, 1844, Fauna lepidopterologica Volgo-Uralensis: 502.

Locus typicus: “in provincia Casanensi”.

Types. Lectotype © (here designated) (Fig. 22): ‘Kas | 24.VI’ <handwritten>,

‘240b’ <handwritten>, ‘Praep. micr. N 0017 | Epinotia cruciana | (Linnaeus, 1761) |

S. Nedoshivina det., 2006’ <white, printed>, ‘LECTOTYPUS. | Sericoris pullana Ev.,

1844. | S. Nedoshivina design. 2007’ <red, printed>. — Paralectotypes: 29 from Kasan

(‘Kas’).

Present status: Epinotia cruciana (Linnaeus, 1761).

Comments. The genitalia of the lectotype (Fig. 43) are in euparal. The paralectotypes

were collected in July: ‘Kas | 12. VIP and ‘Kas | 10.VII’. One of them bears two original

labels: ‘pullana’ and ‘angustana’. Two additional syntypes are probably in the collec-

tion of Kasan State University (Melnikov 1887).

Taxonomic notes. Shortly after its description, this species name was treated as a jun-

lor synonym of [Tortrix] angustana Hübner, [1811-13] by Herrich-Schäffer (1847-

[1855]). In 1901, Rebel synonymized angustana Hübner with Phalaena Tortrix cru-

ciana Linnaeus, 1761. Thus, the species described by Eversmann has been for a long

time known as a junior synonym of Epinotia cruciana (L.). My examination shows that

this point of view is entirely correct.

17. pulverana Eversmann, 1844 (Figs 8, 33)

Tortrix pulverana Eversmann, 1844, Fauna lepidopterologica Volgo-Uralensis: 491.

Locus typicus: “in provinciae Casanensis”.

Types. Lectotype © (here designated) (Fig. 8): “Kas |25.V’ <handwritten>, ‘61a’ <hand-

written>, “Rusticana S° <handwritten>, ‘Praep. micr. N 0015 | Clepsis senecionana |

(Hübner, 1819) |S. Nedoshivina det., 2006’ <white, printed>, ‘LECTOTYPUS. | Tortrix

pulverana Ev., 1844. | S. Nedoshivina design. 2007’ <red, printed>. — Paralectotypes:

129 and 79 from Kasan (‘Kas’).

Present status: Clepsis senecionana (Hiibner, 1819).

Comments. The genitalia of the lectotype (Fig. 33) are in euparal. One female para-

lectotype has an original label with ‘pu/verana’. The male with label ‘61a’ was des-

ignated as the lectotype because it has more distinguishing characters than any other

syntype. The lectotype’s label ‘Rusticana’ was added later by Eversmann as a correc-

tion (see reason below). Some other paralectotypes also have similar labels written in

Eversmann’s hand as follows: ‘Rusticana 9 Kas’, ‘Rusticana 9’, ‘Tortrix Rusticana’

110 NEDOSHIVINA: Type specimens of Tortricidae described by Eversmann

‘Perfusana? ... <unreadable>’. The series of pu/verana in Eversmann’s collection in-

cluded also one male from Spassk. This specimen does not belong to the type series be-

cause Spassk is not within Kasan Province, which was mentioned as the type locality.

Taxonomic notes. Herrich-Schäffer (1847-[1855]) synonymized pulverana Eversmann

with Tortrix rusticana Treitschke, 1830. Razowski (1993) then stated that rusticana Tr.

should be a junior synonym of Tortrix senecionana Hübner, 1818-19 (now in Clepsis).

However, this was not based on an investigation of the type material. My examination

confirms this synonymy.

18. quadratana Eversmann, 1844 (Figs 20, 48)

Grapholitha quadratana Eversmann, 1844, Fauna lepidopterologica Volgo-Uralensis:

513. Locus typicus: “in provincia Casanensi”.

Types. Lectotype S (here designated) (Fig. 20): ‘Kas’ <handwritten>, ‘quadratana’

<handwritten>, ‘183e’ <handwritten>, ‘Praep. micr. N 0011 | Epiblema sticticana |

(Fabricius, 1794) | S. Nedoshivina det., 2006’ <white, printed>, ‘LECTOTYPUS.

| Grapholitha quadratana Ev., 1844. | S. Nedoshivina design. 2007’ <red, printed>.

— Paralectotypes: 10° and 29 from Kasan (‘Kas’).

Present status: Epiblema sticticana (Fabricius, 1794).

Comments. The genitalia of the lectotype (Fig. 48) are in euparal. All three paralec-

totypes were collected in June: ‘Kas | 11.VT’, ‘Kas | 10.VI’, ‘Kas | 2.VT’. Some fe-

males from the original type series are not conspecific with the lectotype but belong

to Epiblema cirsianum (Zeller, 1843). One of them has Eversmann’s handwritten label

“Hüb. f. 237°.

Taxonomic notes. Shortly after its description this species name was synonymized

with Phalaena Tortrix brunnichiana Linnaeus, 1767 by Herrich-Schaffer (1851: 242):

“Brunnichiana L. — W.V.? in Mus. Schiff. stickt hier eine Sequana H.; als Jacquiniana

aber eine wahre Brunnichiana; FR vermuthet daher eine Verwechselung. — Tr. — H. 21

— FR. t. 65. f. 1. — Quadratana Eversm. nach einem von ihm mitdetheilten Exemplare.

— Rusticana u. Sticticana Wood. — 8 — 10L.” Later, guadratana Eversmann was consid-

ered to be a junior synonym of Epiblema sticticanum (Fabricius, 1794) (e.g., Razowski

2003). My examination shows that this synonymy is entirely correct.

19. stigmatana Eversmann, 1844 (Figs 9, 40)

Tortrix stigmatana Eversmann, 1844, Fauna lepidopterologica Volgo-Uralensis: 493.

Locus typicus: “ in promontoriis Uralensibus ”’.

Types. Lectotype (here designated) (Fig. 9): ‘Spask’ <handwritten>, ‘47a’ <handwrit-

ten>, ‘Praep. micr. N 0049 | Aphelia stigmatana | (Eversmann, 1844) | S. Nedoshivina

det., 2006’ <white, printed>, ‘LECTOTYPUS. | Tortrix stigmatana Ev., 1844. | S.

Nedoshivina design. 2007’ <red, printed>. — Paralectotypes: 10 from Spassk (‘Spask’)

and one © from Orenburg (‘Orb’).

Present status: Aphelia stigmatana (Eversmann, 1844).

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 93-114 111

Comments. The genitalia of the lectotype (Fig. 40) are in euparal. One male from

the original type series bears the following labels: ‘stigmatana’, ‘praep.micr. N 2822

...<unreadable> stigmatana Ev. © | Spask’. Probably one additional syntype is in the

collection of Kasan State University (Mel’nikov 1887).

Taxonomic notes. This species name has been known in the literature as valid for a

long time. However, the type material had not been examined (Razowski 1981: 352—

353). My examination of the type material confirms the validity of this name.

20. tergana Eversmann, 1844 (Figs 17, 32)

Tortrix tergana Eversmann, 1844, Fauna lepidopterologica Volgo-Uralensis: 498.

Locus typicus: “in promontoriis Uralensibus et in tractu Menselinskio”’.

Types. Lectotype © (here designated) (Fig. 17): ‘Spask | lun’ <handwritten>, *85b’<hand-

written>, ‘Praep. micr. N 0013 | Aethes triangulana | (Treitschke, 1835) | S. Nedoshivina

det., 2006’ <white, printed>, ‘LECTOTYPUS. | Tortrix tergana Ev., 1844.|S. Nedoshivina

design. 2007’ <red, printed>. — Paralectotypes: 10° and 29 from Spassk (‘Spask’).

Present status: Aethes triangulana (Treitschke, 1835).

Comments. The genitalia of the lectotype (Fig. 32) are in euparal. Two paralectotypes

were collected also in June: ‘Spask | VI.18’, ‘Spask | Iun’. One female from the original

type series was labelled ‘tergana’ and ‘kuhlweiniana Kef.’. This specimen is undoubt-

edly conspecific with the lectotype as well.

Taxonomic notes. Tortrix tergana Eversmann and T. triangulana Treitschke were

both synonymized with 7: kuhlweiniana Fischer von Röslerstamm, 1836, by Herrich-

Schaffer (1847-[1855]). However, triangulana Treitschke has priority as mentioned

by Razowski (1970). My examination of the type material confirms that fergana

Eversmann is really conspecific with triangulana Treitschke (sensu Razowski 2002).

21. testaceana Eversmann, 1844 (Figs 11, 46)

Tortrix testaceana Eversmann, 1844, Fauna lepidopterologica Volgo-Uralensis: 486.

Locus typicus: “in provincia Casanensi et Orenburgensi”.

Types. Lectotype 9 (here designated) (Fig. 11): ‘Kas | 15.VII’ <handwritten>, ‘48b’

<handwritten>, ‘ Testaceana Ev. | pag. 159 in H.-Sch. | ist für ...<unreadable> | aber nach-

her nicht | aufgeführt’ <handwritten>, ‘Praep. micr. N 0045 | Archips rosana | (Linnaeus,

1758) | S. Nedoshivina det., 2006’ <white, printed>, ‘LECTOTYPUS. | Tortrix testa-

ceana Ev., 1844. | S. Nedoshivina design. 2007’ <red, printed>. — Paralectotypes: 59

from Kasan (‘Kas’), 20° from Orenburg (‘Orb’), and 29 without locality label.

Present status: Archips rosana (Linnaeus, 1758).

Comments. The genitalia of the lectotype (Fig. 46) are in euparal. The two females

without locality label from the original collection have handwritten labels with the let-

ters ‘f’ and ‘g’, whereas the other syntypes are labelled from ‘a’ to ‘e’ and ‘h’ and ‘1’.

So these two specimens are also designated as paralectotypes. One additional syntype

is probably in the collection of Kasan State University (Mel’nikov 1887).

112 NEDOSHIVINA: Type specimens of Tortricidae described by Eversmann

Taxonomic notes. 7) testaceana Eversmann was treated as a valid name at the species

level by Rebel (1901) and Kennel (1908). In 1955 Obraztsov proposed to consider it

as a subspecies of Archips decretana (Treitschke, 1835). Razowski (1977) then consid-

ered festaceana Eversmann, 1844 and betulana Hübner, 1787 (nomen oblitum) as jun-

ior synonyms of Archips decretana (Treitschke, 1835). Later, following the principle

of priority, betulana Hübner was considered as the valid name (e.g. Leraut 1997) and

testaceana Eversmann as its junior synonym. However, my examination has shown

that it is conspecific with A. rosana (Linnaeus, 1758) (see Anikin et al. 2006).

22. tripsiana Eversmann, 1844 (Figs 26, 31)

Tortrix tripsiana Eversmann, 1844, Fauna lepidopterologica Volgo-Uralensis: 491.

Locus typicus: “in provincia Casanensi et Orenburgensi”.

Types. Lectotype © (here designated) (Fig. 26): ‘Kas’ <handwritten>, ‘66h’ <handwrit-

ten>, ‘Praep. micr. N 0046 | Phtheochroa inopiana | (Haworth, 1811)|S. Nedoshivina det.,

2006’ <white, printed>, ‘LECTOTYPUS. | Tortrix tripsiana Ev., 1844. | S. Nedoshivina

design. 2007’ <red, printed>. — Paralectotype: 10 from Orenburg (‘Orb’).

Present status: Phtheochroa inopiana (Haworth, 1811).

Comments. The genitalia of the lectotype (Fig. 31) are in euparal. I have concluded that

the other six males and one female from Spassk in the original collection do not belong

to the type series even though Spassk geographically belongs to Orenburg Province.

Eversmann apparently did not take them into account in the original description be-

cause he gave “provincia Casanensi et Orenburgensi” as the type locality, whereas he

always recorded ‘Spask’ as “promontoriis Uralensibus”.

Taxonomic notes. Shortly after its description, fripsiana Eversmann was synonymized

with Tortrix orana Fischer von Röslerstamm, 1834 (Herrich-Schäffer, 1847-[1855]),

but Rebel (1901) and Kennel (1908) did not mention it. However, in 1961 Hannemann

treated fripsiana Eversmann as a junior synonym of Adoxophyes reticulana Hübner,

[1818-1819]. Tortrix orana F. von Röslerstamm, was also mentioned by Hannemann

(1961) as a junior synonym of A. reticulana Hübner. Later, orana F. von Röslerstamm

was considered as the senior synonym of fripsiana, probably by Kuznetzov (1967). So

tripsiana Eversmann has been known to be a junior synonym of Adoxophyes orana

(F. von Röslerstamm) (e.g. Kuznetzov 1967). However, my examination showed that

Tortrix tripsiana should be regarded as a junior synonym of Phtheochroa inopiana

(Haworth, 1811) (see Anikin et al. 2006).

23. umbraculana Eversmann, 1844 (Figs 5, 29)

Teras umbraculana Eversmann, 1844, Fauna lepidopterologica Volgo-Uralensis: 519.

Locus typicus: “in promontoriis Uralensibus; nec non in tractu Menselinskio”.

Types. Lectotype & (here designated) (Fig. 5): ‘Spask’ <handwritten>, ‘126c’ <hand-

written>, ‘Praep. micr. N 0042 | Pelochrista umbraculana | (Eversmann, 1844) |

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 93-114 113

S. Nedoshivina det., 2006’ <white, printed>, ‘LECTOTYPUS. | Teras umbraculana

Ev., 1844. | S. Nedoshivina design. 2007’ <red, printed”. — Paralectotypes: 2 specimens

without abdomen from Spassk (‘Spask’).

Present status: Pelochrista umbraculana (Eversmann, 1844).

Comments. The genitalia of the lectotype (Fig. 29) are in euparal. The paralectotypes

have labels written in Eversmann’s hand “umbraculana’ and ‘Umbraculana Ev.’. Both

also bear red, printed labels ‘Cotypus umbraculana Ev’.

Taxonomic notes. Since its description there has been no doubt in the validity of this

name in the literature, but its status has changed. Rebel (1901) considered umbracu-

lana Eversmann as a smaller and darker variety of Epiblema infidana Hübner, 1824:

“v. Umbraculana Ev. (obscurior, minus variegata)”. Obraztsov (1967) considered infi-

dana Hiibner as a junior synonym of Pelochrista infidana (Duponchel, 1836) whereas

umbraculana Eversmann was treated as a distinct form of infidana: “f. umbraculana

Ev.”. The status as a valid species was re-established soon afterwards, probably by

Kuznetzov (1967), who treated umbraculana Eversmann as a separate species but did

not mark it with ‘stat. nov.’. My examination of the type material confirms this.

Species misplaced in Tortricidae

radiolana Eversmann, 1844 (Fig. 27)

Teras radiolana Eversmann, 1844, Fauna lepidopterologica Volgo-Uralensis: 520.

Locus typicus: “in promontoriis Uralensibus”.

Types. Lectotype: 9 (Fig. 27): ‘Spask’ <handwritten>, ‘191la’<handwritten>, ‘Crambus

verellus det. V. V. Sovinsky’ <handwritten>, ‘LECTOTYPUS | Teras radiolana Ev.,

1844. | S. Bleszynski design. 1965’ <red, printed>.

Comments. Bleszynski (1965) gave the following erroneous type locality for radi-

olana Eversmann: “Rußland: Kasan-Distrikt”.

Present status: Catoptria verellus Zincken, 1817 (Pyralidae, Crambinae).

Taxonomic notes. This species was described by Eversmann in the “Tortrices”, but

Bleszynski (1965) transferred it to the Pyralidae and considered it as a junior synonym

of Catoptria verellus Zincken, 1817.

Acknowledgements

A wish to express my sincere thanks to Dr. Vadim V. Zolotuhin (Uljanovsk) for his valuable help at

all stages of the preparation of the paper. I am indebted to Dr. Vladimir I. Kuznetzov (St. Petersburg)

for providing access to Eversmann’s collection and to Dr. Sergey Yu. Sinev (St. Petersburg) for his help

during the examination of the type material. I express my thanks to Dr. Alexey V. Kouprianov (St.

Petersburg) for his suggestions on nomenclatural issues and for correcting a draft of the manuscript.

I want to thank Dr. Dieter Stiining (Bonn) for his kind help in translating Eversmann’s original labels and

Dr. Wolfgang Speidel (Munich) for providing rare literature sources. I owe special thanks to Mr. Kevin

R. Tuck (London) and Mr. Alain Cama (France) for providing images of the type material that were neces-

sary to define the status of some of Eversmann’s species. I am grateful to Dr. Fedor V. Konstantinov and

Dr. Dmitry A. Apanaskevich (both from St. Petersburg) for providing valuable information. And I thank

Mrs. Olga V. Stepanova (St. Petersburg) for improvements of the language. This project was supported

by the Federal programme supporting leading scientific schools (N 7130.2006.4).

114 NEDOSHIVINA: Type specimens of Tortricidae described by Eversmann

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nothini, Euliini, Ramapesiini and Archipini — Acta zoologica cracoviensia 35 (3): 665-703.

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319 pp.

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Bratislava. 247 pp.

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301 pp.

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Lepidopteren des Palaearctischen Faunengebietes. II Theil. — R. Friedlander & Sohn, Berlin.

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 115-119 115

A new species of Merrifieldia Tutt from Slovenia

(Pterophoridae)

JAN Skyva ! & GUSTAV ELSNER ”

' Buzulckä 591/3, CZ-160 00 Praha 6-Dejvice, Czech Republic; e-mail: janskyva@seznam.cz

> Hülkova 304, CZ-197 00 Praha 9-Kbely, Czech Republic; e-mail: gelsner(@seznam.cz

Abstract. Merrifieldia renatae sp. n., a new species of Pterophorinae (Pterophoridae) is described from

Slovenia. The adult and its male and female genitalia are figured. Descriptions and illustrations of the

larva, pupa, and habitat, including host plant, are provided. The new species is compared with both the

similar and closely related M. baliodactyla (Zeller, 1841) and M. tridactyla (Linnaeus, 1758). M. menthae

(Chrétien, 1925), recognized by some lepidopterists as a valid species, is also discussed.

Introduction

The genus Merrifieldia comprises eight rather similar, but mostly well recognized species

in Europe (cf. Gielis 1996). Although individual variability of external characters as

well as genitalia structures can sometimes make the identification of species difficult,

the combination of all criteria enables reliable determination. In May 2000 the first

author took a series of Merrifieldia specimens in Slovenia resembling the well-known

M. baliodactyla (Zeller, 1841). However, the study of their male and female genitalia

showed that another species was involved. As we found that it did not agree with any

species in the recent comprehensive monographs on the Pterophoridae (Arenberger

1995; Gielis 1996), we are describing it here.

Abbreviations

MTD Germany, Dresden, Museum fiir Tierkunde

NMPC Czech Republic, Prague, National Museum (Natural History)

PMSL Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenian Museum of Natural History

ZSM Germany, Munich, Zoologische Staatssammlung

Merrifieldia renatae sp. n. (Figs 3-5, 7, 9-13)

Material. Holotype ©, ‘Slovenia, | Nanos, 500 m, | 28-31.v.2000, | J. Skyva leg.’, ‘Holotype |

Merrifieldia renatae sp.n. & | det. G. Elsner & J. Skyva’, PMSL. — Paratypes: 30°, 19 from type locality

(29, 28.-31.v.2000, 10°, 30.v.2003, 19, 24.v11.2004), leg. Skyva; 190°, 29, Julian Alps, Soëa, 500 m

(79, 19 25.v11.2000, 120,19 23.v11.2004), leg. Skyva; 3 larvae, same locality, 30.1.2005 (3 © emerged

21.-25.v.2005), M. Petrü & J. Skyva, leg. The holotype and a female paratype are deposited in the PMSL;

the other paratypes are deposited in the collections of J. Skyva, G. Elsner, M. Petru, and R. Sutter, as well

as in the MTD, NMPC, ZSM.

Description. Adult (Figs 3-4). Fore wing length 10-11,3 mm; colour yellowish

white, markings dark brown; narrow costal line not reaching distinct spot on costa

beyond base of cleft; costa of first lobe darker in middle; fine dark brown line covering

R, from base to centre of first lobe; dark brown strip from base along anal groove to '4,

another one along wing centre from Y to slightly beyond base of second lobe; lower

edge of first lobe dark brown; cilia of second lobe bilaterally symmetric yellowish

Nota lepidopterologica, 15.05.2007, ISSN 0342-7536

11:6 SKYVA & ELSNER: A new pterophorid from Slovenia

Figs 1-4. Adults of Merrifieldia spp. 1. M. baliodactyla ©, Bohemia centr., Praha — Radotin, 7.v11.1973,

coll. J. Skyva. 2. M. baliodactyla 9, Moravia mer., Moravian karst, Vilémovice, 2.v11.1988, coll. J. Skyva.

3. M. renatae sp. n., © paratype, Slovenia, Nanos, 500m, e.l. 25.v.2005. coll. G. Elsner. 4. M. renatae sp.

n., Q paratype, Slovenia, Soëa, 500m, 25.v11.2000, coll. J. Skyva.

white to %, then dark brown. Hind wing brown to dark brown including cilia, except

lower edge of third lobe, straw-coloured to 2. Abdomen in fresh specimens sulphurous

with three narrow pale brown longitudinal lines.

Male genitalia (Fig. 5). Left valva broad, with dorsal edge gibbous medially;

saccular process arising from centre, not reaching dorsal margin of valva. Right valva

symmetrically constricted at %4; long saccular process extending beyond dorsal edge of

valva. Phallus sinuate, slightly swollen apically and with dense mat of microtrichia.

Female genitalia (Fig. 7). Ostium asymmetric, broadly funnel-shaped, with two

parallel knife-shaped sclerites in antrum. Ductus bursae slightly shorter than corpus

bursae; ductus seminalis arising at 4. Signum consisting of two slightly arcuate narrow

sclerotized ribs of % length of corpus bursae.

Larva and pupa. Description based on the full grown larva which produced the male

moth shown on Fig. 3. Head amber with indistinct, slightly darker, markings. Body

green with long and stout setae arising from both dorsal and lateral pinacula (Figs 9-10),

longest ringed brown at base. Tiny, short secondary setae each with bunch of filaments

at apex (Fig. 11) and small dark brown granules (Fig. 10) cover some areas. Spiracles

very small with brown rings and pale green marks. Thoracic legs pale greenish-yellow,

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 115-119 117

Figs 5-8. Genitalia of Merrifieldia spp. 5. M. renatae sp. n, © prep. 1748GE (in vial). Slovenia, Nanos,

500 m, 28.-31.v.2000, coll. J. Skyva. 6. M. tridactyla, ©, prep. 1757GE (in vial). France mer., Provence,

Les Savoyons, 7.vi.2003, leg. GE, coll. J. Skyva. 7. M. renatae sp. n., 9, prep. 1746GE (in vial). Slovenia,

Nanos, 700 m, 28.-31.v.2000, coll. J. Skyva. 8. M. tridactyla, 9, prep. 1756GE (in vial). Bohemia centr.,

Unétice, 16.vi.1980, leg. & coll. J. Skyva.

translucent, dark brown near claw. Prolegs translucent, yellowish with blackish brown

crochets. Pupa (Fig. 12) green with spines and hairs around segments. Ventral side

along sutures with 18 rows of short backward-curved spines.

Diagnosis. On external characters M. renatae sp. n. can only be confused with

M. baliodactyla but the distinct differences in the genitalia of both sexes separate them

without question. The somewhat similar genitalia of M. tridactyla (Linnaeus, 1758)

differ in having a much shorter signum as well as a symmetric and much narrower

antrum in the female (Fig. 8), whereas in the male the saccular process of the right

valva, at the most, reaches, but does not exceed, the dorsal margin of the valva and

there is no swelling at the top of phallus (Fig. 6).

Distribution. Known only from two localities in north- and south-western Slovenia.

Life history. M. renatae sp. n. is bivoltine; the first generation occurs from mid May to

early June, and the second from mid July to early August. The moths are active at dusk

and they do not stray from the locality. Both known sites are limy-subsoil ruderals with

an abundance of common oregano, Origanum vulgare L. (Lamiaceae). The locality of

Soca (500 m a.s.1.) in the Julian Alps is a former dump c. 1 km SWW from Soéa village,

used in the course of road reconstruction along the Soéa river valley. The locality of

118 SKYVA & ELSNER: A new pterophorid from Slovenia

Figs 9-12. Preimaginal stages of Merrifieldia renatae. 9. Larva, dorso-lateral view, Slovenia, Nanos,

500m, 15.v.2005, leg. J. Skyva. 10. Larva, the granules in detail. 11. Larva, a group of secondary setae.

12. Pupa in lateral view.

Nanos is a derelict limestone quarry situated at 500m in one of the bends of the road

between Podnanos village and the chalet on the south slope of Nanos Mountains. Three

final instar larvae were found between 30 April and 1 May 2005 sitting openly on stems

or leaves of common oregano.

Etymology. The species name (an adjective) is derived from the maiden name ‘Renata’.

Remarks. M. tridactyla and M. renatae sp. n. also show similar genitalia characters

with M. menthae (Chrétien, 1925), currently considered to be a junior synonym of

M. tridactyla (www.faunaeur.org, 2007). We have tested one female specimen from

Corsica, France, showing excellent conformity with M. menthae sensu Nel (1991)

and its wing markings claerly differed from those of M. renatae sp. n. Moreover, the

narrow, discontinuous, but distinct sclerotised ring reinforcing the ostium bursae in M.

menthae separates it clearly from both above-mentioned species, which have peculiar

sclerotised processes instead.

119

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 115-119

Fig. 13. The type locality of M. renatae sp. n..

Acknowledgements

Our cordial thanks are due to Robert J. Heckford for the linguistic help and two referees for critical remarks

to our manuscript. We are also indebted to colleague Vladimir Vrabec, who provided the material of

Pterophoridae from his Corsica expedition. Financial support came from the Biotop Foundation, Prague.

References

Arenberger, E. 1995. Pterophoridae. — /n: H. G. Amsel, F. Gregor & H. Reisser (eds), Microlepidoptera

Palaearctica Vol. 9. — George Fromme, Vienna. 258 pp., 153 pls.

Gielis, C. 1996. Pterophoridae. — /n: P. Huemer, O. Karsholt & L. Lyneborg (eds), Microlepidoptera of

Europe, Vol. 1. — Apollo Books, Stenstrup. 222 pp., 14 colour pls.

Nel, J. 1991. Deuxième note sur les Ptérophores de la Corse. Stenoptilia cyrnea n. sp. et Merrifieldia

moulignieri n. sp.. Vingt et unième contribution à la connaisance de la biologie des Pterophoridae du

sud de la France. — Alexanor 17 (3): 167-182.

120 Correction

Correction

In my paper ‘New and poorly known Lepidoptera from the West Palaearctic (Tineidae,

Acrolepiidae, Douglasiidae, Epermeniidae), Nota lepidopterologica 29 (3/4): 159-176’,

I misspelled the name of genus Xerantica Meyrick, 1930 in the abstract (p. 159) and in

the text (pp. 168, 169) as *Xeranthica’.

REINHARD GAEDIKE

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 121-172 Ba

Taxonomische Revision der Coleophora frischella- Artengruppe

(Coleophoridae)

ANDREAS STÜBNER

Schulstr. 14a, 03197 Jänschwalde-Ost, Germany; e-mail: karlmotte@t-online.de

Abstract. The Coleophora frischella-species group, which includes 23 species, ıs revised. Three new

species are described: C. aleramica Baldizzone & Stübner sp. n. from Italy, Austria, Slovakia, Croatia,

Montenegro, Macedonia, Greece, Turkey, and Jordan, as well as C. funisiae Stübner & Baldizzone sp. n.

from Tunisia and Algeria and C. pseudofuscoaenea Stübner sp. n. from Tunisia. The authorship is corrected

for C. fuscicornis and C. cuprariella, both described by Lienig & Zeller (1846), not Zeller (1847). Neotypes

are designated for C. metallicella Fuchs, 1903, and C. mayrella (Hübner, 1813). C. amethystinella Ragonot,

1885 stat. rev. is removed from synonymy with C. fuscicornis and C. cuprariella Lienig & Zeller, 1846 stat.

rev. is removed from synonymy with C. alcyonipennella (Kollar, 1832). C. metallicella Fuchs, 1903 syn.

n. is synonymised with C. cuprariella. Plutella chalybaeella Costa, 1836 is transferred from Coleophora

Hiibner, 1822 to Argyresthia Hübner, 1825 (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae: Argyresthiinae). The male and

female genitalia are illustrated for most of the species of the group, and for the first time for the genitalia of

both sexes for C. cuprariella, the male genitalia for C. angustiorella Fuchs, 1903, and the female genitalia

of C. fuscicornis, C. fuscoaenea Toll, 1952, and C. leucostoma Gerasimov, 1930. The status of C. fuscae-

miliella remains uncertain as no figures are available and the types are regarded as lost.

Zusammenfassung. Die Coleophora frischella-Artengruppe, welche 23 Arten umfasst, wird revidiert.

Es werden drei Arten neu beschrieben: C. aleramica Baldizzone & Stübner sp. n. aus Italien, Osterreich,

Slowakei, Kroatien, Montenegro, Mazedonien, Griechenland, Türkei und Jordanien sowie C. funisiae

Stübner & Baldizzonesp.n.aus Tunesien und Algerien und C. pseudofuscoaenea Stübner sp. n. aus Tunesien.

Für C. fuscicornis Lienig & Zeller, 1846 und C. cuprariella Lienig & Zeller, 1846 wird die Autorenschaft

korrigiert. Beide Taxa wurden bereits von Lienig & Zeller, 1846 beschrieben, nicht von Zeller (1847). Für

C. metallicella Fuchs, 1903, und C. mayrella (Hübner, 1813) werden Neotypen festgelegt. C. amethy-

stinella Ragonot, 1885 stat. rev. wird aus der Synonymie mit C. fuscicornis und C. cuprariella Lienig

& Zeller, 1846 stat. rev. aus der Synonymie mit C. alcyonipennella (Kollar, 1832) herausgenommen.

C. metallicella Fuchs, 1903 syn. n. wird als Synonym zu C. cuprariella gestellt. Argyresthia chalybae-

ella (Costa, 1836) (Plutella) comb. n. wird von Coleophora Hübner, 1822 zu Argyresthia Hübner, 1825

(Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae: Argyresthiinae) überführt. Die männlichen und weiblichen Genitalien

der meisten Arten der C. frischella-Gruppe werden abgebildet, darunter erstmalig die Genitalien von

C. cuprariella, die männlichen Genitalien von C. angustiorella Fuchs, 1903 sowie die weiblichen Genitalien

von C. fuscicornis Lienig & Zeller, 1846, C. fuscoaenea Toll, 1952 und C. leucostoma Gerasimov, 1930.

Der Status von C. tuscaemiliella Costantini, 1923 bleibt unklar, da keine Abbildungen verfügbar sind und

die Typen als verschollen gelten.

1. Einleitung

Die Gattung Coleophora Hübner, 1822 umfasst weltweit mehr als 1.300 beschriebene

Arten, von denen die meisten ın den gemäßigten Breiten der Nordhemisphäre vorkom-

men. Es wird geschätzt, dass dıe Anzahl der noch unbeschriebenen Arten bei weitem

die der bislang Beschriebenen übertrifft (Baldizzone et al. 2006).

Die adulten Tiere zeichnen sich durch schmale Vorderflügel mit einem deutlich spitzen

Apex sowie einer charakteristischen Sitzhaltung, in welcher die Fühler gerade nach

vorn gestreckt gehalten werden, aus. Die Larven sind Minierer in Blättern, Blüten oder

Früchten, besitzen später gewöhnlich einen schützenden Sack (,Miniersackträger“),

der ausserhalb des Pflanzengewebes verbleibt.

Innerhalb der Gattung Co/eophora wurden die Arten in künstliche Gruppen klassifi-

ziert, die Toll (1953) einführte und von einigen Autoren bis in die Gegenwart verwendet

werden (Baldizzone 2001). Erste Versuche, natürliche Artgruppen zu begründen gehen

Nota lepidopterologica, 15.05.2007, ISSN 0342-7536

122 STÜBNER: The Coleophora frischella species group

auf Landry & Wright (1993) sowie Emmet et al. (1996) zurück. Bucheli et al. (2002)

begründen monophyletische Gruppen nordamerikanischer Coleophora-Arten anhand

der Architektur der Larvensäcke sowie der Nutzung bestimmter Pflanzengewebe (z. B.

Samen versus Blatter) und Wuchsformen (z.B. krautige versus holzige Pflanzen), wo-

nach das Minieren in Samen zweimal unabhängig voneinander entstanden ist.

In der Alten Welt gehören zu den Samenminierern u.a. die Arten der Coleophora fri-

schella Gruppe, die von Landry & Wright (1993) als ein Monophylum begriindet wur-

de. Äußerlich besitzen alle Arten der C. frischella-Gruppe grüne, gold- bzw. bronzefar-

bene und purpurviolette Vorderflügel, die metallisch glänzen.

Bis in die Gegenwart bereiten diese Arten immer wieder große taxonomische

Schwierigkeiten. Über die wechselnde Klassifikation dieser Artengruppe im Verlauf

des 20. Jahrhunderts berichten Landry & Wright (1993), die sich ausführlich den me-

tallisch-grünen Co/eophora-Arten aus Nordamerika einschließlich den aus Europa ein-

geführten Arten der C. frischella-Artengruppe (C. mayrella, C. trifolii, C. deauratel-

la) widmen. Soweit bekannt, sind alle Arten der C. frischella-Gruppe paläarktischen

Ursprungs und bislang noch nicht zusammenfassend dargestellt worden. Dies soll mit

der vorliegenden Arbeit nachgeholt werden.

2. Material und Methoden

Die vorliegende Arbeit ıst eine taxonomische Revision, welche auf Untersuchungen

getrockneter, adulter Belegexemplare aus Museumssammlungen beruht. Eigene Auf-

sammlungen erfolgten mittels Kescher- und Lichtfang. Neben Kopf- und Vorder-

flügelmerkmalen wurden insbesondere die männlichen und weiblichen Genitalor-

gane untersucht. Die Präparation dieser Organe folgte der von Robinson (1976)

beschriebenen Methode. Der Phallus, dessen Strukturen sich im Verlauf der Unter-

suchungen als besonders informativ erwiesen, wurde vor der Einbettung ın Euparal

gezeichnet, da der oft spiralförmige Appendix des Phallusapodems im Präparat sei-

ne natürliche, artspezifische Form verliert. Präparation und Zeichnungen wurden am

Stereomikroskop Euromex E24-S durchgeführt. Fotografien der Genitalpräparate wur-

den mit dem Mikroskop Nikon Eclipse 600 und der Digitalkamera AxioCam MRc 5

von ZEISS aufgenommen. Im Folgenden werden die einzelnen Arten nach äußeren

Merkmalen gegliedert, was nicht zwingend durch Genitalstrukturen gestützt wird. Ob

diese Gliederung jedoch natürliche Verwandtschaftsverhältnisse innerhalb der C. fri-

schella Artengruppe wiederspiegelt, muss durch eine Erweiterung des Merkmals-

datensatzes erst noch überprüft werden.

Abkürzungen

Bldz. Giorgio Baldizzone

ANSP Department of Entomology, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia

BMNH The Natural History Museum, London

DEI Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Müncheberg

ISZP Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals,

Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Krakow

LSUK Linnean Society, London

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 121-172 123

MNHN Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris

MRST Museo Regionale di Storia Naturale, Terrasini (Palermo).

MTD Staatliches Museum fiir Tierkunde Dresden

NMW Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien

prep. Präparat

Stb. Andreas Stübner

UMB Ubersee-Museum, Bremen

UMO University Museum of Natural History, Oxford

USNM National Museum of Natural History, Washington D.C.

TLMF Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum Innsbruck

ZFB Zentrum fiir Biodokumentation, Landsweiler-Reden

ZMHB Museum fiir Naturkunde, Humboldt Universitat zu Berlin

ZMUC Zoological Museum University of Copenhagen

ZSM Zoologische Staatssammlung, München

3. Ergebnisse

3.1 Morphologie der Genitalorgane

Das männliche Genitalorgan besteht von dorsal nach ventral aus der Gnathos, wel-

che distal eine charakteristische bedornte Verdickung aufweist, dem Tegumen,

dem Vinculum sowie der Valven. Ein Uncus ist nicht vorhanden. Der Phallus der

Coleophoridae weist einige Besonderheiten auf. Razowski (1990) beschrieb die

Morphologie des Coleophoridenphallus, allerdings werden in der hier vorliegenden

Arbeit einige Strukturen anders interpretiert. Der posteriore, sklerotisierte Teil ist

nicht homolog mit der Phallotheca anderer Lepidoptera, sondern stellt eine Bildung

der Juxta dar. In ihr liegt eine röhrenartige Erweiterung des Diaphragmas, welche die

Ausstülpung des Phallus ermöglicht. Der Phallus wird anterior durch ein Sklerit, den

Annulus, begrenzt. Anterior des Annulus schlieBt sich der apodemale Teil des Phallus

an, der medio-ventral eine sklerotisierte Leiste aufweist. In dem Phallusapodem liegt

die Vesica (= Endotheca) mit den Cornuti. Anterior ist das Phallusapodem sackartig er-

weitert und die Endotheca geht in den Ductus ejaculatorius über, der in diesem Bereich

stark gefaltet vorliegt und bei der Ausstiilpung der Vesica entsprechend gedehnt werden

kann. Anschließend bildet der Ductus ejaculatorius ein bis zwei Schlaufen und miin-

det dann in eine mehr oder weniger lange Spirale (Appendix des Phallusapodems).

Das Ende dieser Spirale bildet einen Umkehrpunkt, ab welchem sich der Ductus eja-

culatorius gerade durch die Spirale hindurchzieht. Proximal endet der Appendix des

Phallusapodems mit einer sackartigen Erweiterung.

In den meisten taxonomischen Arbeiten tiber Coleophoridae wird nur auf die stark skle-

rotisierten Teile des Phallus, insbesondere die sklerotisierte Leiste des Phallusapodems

und die Cornuti sowie auf die Juxta eingegangen, die nicht Teil des Phallus ist und oft

als Aedeagus fehlinterpretiert wird (z. B. Capuse 1975; Baldizzone 1990). Allerdings

wird die komplexe Morphologie des Coleophoridenphallus, insbesondere auch der

spiralförmig gewundene Appendix des Phallusapodems schon von Gerasimov (1930)

bei der Unterscheidung von Coleophora leucostoma und C. alcyonipennella [recte

C. frischella!] sowie von Landry & Wright (1993) bei den nordamerikanischen

Vertretern der C. frischella Artengruppe benutzt.

124 STUBNER: The Coleophora frischella species group

3.2 Die Coleophora frischella-Artengruppe

Die Coleophora frischella-Artengruppe wurde von Landry & Wright (1993) aufgrund

der folgenden putativen Synapomorphien charakterisiert: (1) weibliches Tergum 8 sch-

mal, mit T-förmiger Sklerotisierung; (2) Juxta posterior spitz auslaufend, dorsal mit

paarigen, leistenartigen oder höckerartigen Erhebungen und ventral membranös; (3)

Sacculus deutlich gerundet, dorso-posterior spitz; (4) soweit bekannt, fressen die Larven

an den Samen krautiger Fabaceae und bauen röhren- oder zigarrenförmige Säcke mit

dreilappigem Apex, welche außerhalb der Samenanlagen verbleiben.

Coleophora-Arten mit metallisch-grünen Vorderflügeln kommen auch in den C. rami-

tella-, C. vacciniella- und C. caespititiella Artengruppen vor, die auch Arten enthalten,

deren Vorderflügel nicht metallisch grün sind und deren Larven, soweit bekannt, alle

nicht an Fabaceae leben. Bezüglich morphologischer Unterschiede sei hier auf Landry

& Wright (1993) verwiesen. Nach Landry & Wright (1993) sowie eigenen Recherchen

sind die folgenden Arten mit metallisch-grünen Vorderflügeln diesen drei Artengruppen

zuzuordnen:

C. vacciniella-Artengruppe: C. ledi Stainton, 1860,

C. multicristatella McDunnough, 1954

C. potentillae Elısha, 1885

= C. bothnicella Kanerva, 1941

C. ramitella-Artengruppe: C. ramitella Landry & Wright, 1993

C. timarella Landry & Wright, 1993

C. alabma Landry, 1994

C. mexicana Landry, 1994

C. caespititiella-Artengruppe: C. maritella Mc Dunnough, 1951

C. viridicuprella Walsigham, 1882

C. landonia Landry & Wright, 1993

C. apicialbella Braun, 1920

= C. apicella Braun, 1919 preocc. Coleophora

apicella Stainton, 1858

C. paripennella Zeller, 1839

= C. aeripennis Wocke, 1876

Verbreitung. Die Arten der C. frischella Gruppe sind in der Paläarktis heimisch, wobei

die meisten bekannten Arten in Europa vorkommen. Dies mag jedoch ein Artefakt auf-

grund der schwerpunktmäßigen Bearbeitung in Europa sein. C. deauratella, C. may-

rella and C. trifolii wurden in die Neue Welt verschleppt sowie C. alcyonipennella

und C. mayrella nach Neuseeland, Australien und Tasmanien, wo sie als Schädlinge in

Kleekulturen eine ökonomische Rolle spielen (Landry & Wright 1993).

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 121-172 125

3.3 Checkliste der Coleophora frischella-Artengruppe

FALTER MIT DUNKLEN, UNGERINGELTEN FUHLERN

Fühlerspitze hellgrau oder weiß

Coleophora tuscaemiliella Costantini, 1923

Augenhinterrandschuppen dunkelviolett oder gleichfarbig

mit übrigen Kopfschuppen

Coleophora frischella (Linnaeus, 1758) (Tinea)

Coleophora alcyonipennella (Kollar, 1832) (Ornix)

= Coleophora cuprifulgella Toll, 1962

Coleophora argentifimbriata Walsingham, 1907

Coleophora angustiorella Fuchs, 1903

Coleophora deauratella Lienig & Zeller, 1846

Augenhinterrandschuppen gelb

Coleophora trifolii (Curtis, 1832) (Damophila)

= Coleophora melilotella Scott, 1860

= Coleophora frischella aurata Toll, 1960

= Coleophora trifolii aurata Toll, 1960

Coleophora tunisiae Stübner & Baldizzone sp. n.

Coleophora pustulosa Falkovitsh, 1979

Coleophora orientalis Li & Zheng, 1998

Fühler einschließlich der Spitze einfarbig braun

Augenhinterrandschuppen hellbraun.

Vorderflügelbasis und Tegulae mit mattroten Flecken

Coleophora basimaculella Mann, 1864

Augenhinterrandschuppen gelb

Coleophora leucostoma Gerasimov, 1930

Coleophora cuprariella Lienig & Zeller, 1846 stat. rev.

= Coleophora metallicella Fuchs, 1903: 11 (Homonym) syn. n.

= Coleophora fuchsiella Odejans, 1971. (Ersatzname für C. metallicella)

Coleophora fuscicornis Lienig & Zeller, 1846

Coleophora amethystinella Ragonot, 1885 stat. rev.

= C. metallica Toll, 1961

Coleophora fuscoaenea Toll, 1952

FALTER MIT GERINGELTEN FUHLERN

Fühlerspitze hellgrau oder weiß

Augenhinterrandschuppen gleichfarbig mit übrigen Kopfschuppen

Coleophora mayrella (Hübner, 1813) (Tinea)

= Phalaena (Tinea) fabriciella Villers, 1789 (Homonym)

= Porrectaria spissicornis Haworth, 1828

= Elachista (Ornice) trochilipennella Costa, 1836

= Coleophora coruscipennella Clemens, 1860

126 STÜBNER: The Coleophora frischella species group

= Coleophora aeneusella Chambers, 1874

— Coleophora auropurpuriella Chambers, 1874

= Damophila moldaviella Nemes, 2004

Coleophora paramayrella Nel, 1993

Coleophora pseudofuscoaenea Stiibner sp. n.

. Augenhinterrandschuppen gelb

Coleophora etrusca Baldizzone, 1990

. Fühler bis zur Spitze geringelt

. Augenhinterrandschuppen gleichfarbig mit übrigen Kopfschuppen

Coleophora aleramica Baldızzone & Stübner sp. n.

Coleophora hieronella Zeller, 1849

Coleophora variicornis Toll, 1952

3.4 Die Arten der Coleophora frischella-Gruppe

Coleophora frischella (Linnaeus, 1758) (Fig. 7, 28, 47)

Tinea frischella Linnaeus, 1758: 541. Typenfundort: Europa.

= Coleophora dannehli Toll, 1952b: 158, Fig. 6. Typenfundort: Oberkrain; Veldes. Baldizzone 1985:

190-191 (Syn.).

= Coleophora auronitella Toll, 1962: 649-650, Taf. 7K Fig. 74, Taf. 24A Fig. 93, Taf. 10M Fig. 66.

Typenfundort: Italien, Trentino, Val Dalgone. Baldizzone 1985: 190-191 (Syn.).

Material. Coleophora frischella, Lectotypus © (festgelegt durch Bradley 1967: 45): Kleines, rechte-

ckiges Etikett, “Frischella” (in Linnaeus’ Handschrift), ein zweites größeres rechteckiges Etikett “Frischella

896” (in abweichender Handschrift), LSUK. Coleophora_dannehli, Holotypus © (durch ursprüngliche

Festlegung): “Typus”, “Veldes, Oberkrain, | 11.-20.v.1943. | Dannehl leg.”, “Praeparat | No 1185 | Gr. v.

Toll”, “Coleophora | dannehli | Toll”, ISZP. Coleophora auronitella, Holotypus © (durch ursprüngliche

C. auronitella Toll”, ZMHB.

Deutschland: 1S Dresden, Gehege, LK 12.vii.1917, leg. et coll. Möbius (prep. Stb. 938); 19 Rachlau,

3.v1.[19]28, leg. et coll. Starke (prep. Stb. 942); 19 Chemnitz, 1909, leg. et coll. Heinitz (prep. Stb. 943)

MTD. 89, 59 Hessen, Biosphärenreservat Rhön, Wüstensachsen, 600 m, 24., 25.v.2003, S. & A. Stübner

leg. et coll. Stübner (prep. Stb. 1426, 1701, 1724). 19, 19 Sachsen, Waltersdorf bei Zittau, Neue Sorge,

500 m, 3.v1.2004; Butterberg, 500 m, 28.v.2004, leg. et coll. Stübner (prep. Stb. 1814, 1816). 19 Saarland,

Neunkirchen, Hüttenpark, 13.v.2005, Hinsberger leg., coll. Werno (prep. Stb. 2141). 10° Thüringen,

Langenfeld bei Bad Salzungen, leg. et coll. Büchner (prep. Stb. 2212). 19 Bayern m., Steinbach, 29.v.1949,

Daniel leg., coll. Osthelder (prep. Stb. 1811), ZSM. Österreich: 19 Helfenberg, 6.v.1899, coll. Wernicke

(prep. Stb. 937); 19 Sölden, Oetztal, vii.1922, leg. et coll. Möbius (prep. Stb. 941); 10° H. Blut, 5500 ft.,

v11.1896, coll. Wernicke (prep. Stb. 944) MTD. 10°, 19 Osttirol, Virgental, Venedigergrupe, Sajatmähder,

2200-2500 m, 6., 14.v111.1993, Ryrholm leg. (prep. Stb.1891); 10° Osttirol, Virgental, Venedigergrupe,

Essen-Rostocker-Hütte, 2200 m, 2.v111.1993, Rakosy & Tarmann leg. (prep. Stb. 1892) TLMF. 10, 19

Nordtirol, Glocknergruppe, Loweraze, 1660-1860 m, 30.-31.vii.1991, Karsholt, Rakosy & Tarmann leg.

(prep. Stb. 2075); 10 Osttirol, Dolomitenhütte v. Lienz, 1800 m, 10.vii.1981, Schnack leg. (prep. Stb.

2096) ZMUC. 39 Osttirol, Gailtal, Rauchenbach, Kartitscher Sattel, 1450 m, 20.v1.2006; 29 Kartitsch,

Wiesenweg, 1300 m, 15.vi.2006; 30° Erschbaumer Tal, 1500-1750 m, 16.vi.2006; 29, 19 Winkler

Tal, 1500-2000 m, 19.v1.2006 leg. et coll. Stübner (prep. Stb. 2300). Italien, 19, 19 Gomagoi, Stilfser

Joch, 16.-30.v1.1928, Amsel leg. (prep. Stb. 1793, 1994); 10° Stilfser Joch, 19.vii.1872 (prep. Stb. 1783)

UMB. 10 Stilfser Joch, 2027 m, 25.v1.2003, leg. Nuss & Huemer (prep. Stb. 1495) MTD. 19 Aosta,

Cogne-Mollne, 1700 m, 15.v11.1961, Klimesch leg. (prep. Stb. 2230) ZSM. Schweiz, 10° Val Bevers,

Oberengardin, vii.1926, leg. et coll. Möbius (prep. Stb. 917) MTD. Frankreich: 19 Alpes Maritimes, Cim

de Sénéca, SW. C. le dei Signori, 2200 m, 18.v11.1991, leg. Huemer & Tarmann (prep. Stb. 2655) TLMF.

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 121-172 127

Fig. 1-6. Adulte. 1. C. alcyonipennella. 2. C. basimaculella. 3. C. mayrella. 4. C. variicornis. 5. C. alcyo-

nipennella, Augenhinterrandbeschuppung. 6. C. trifolii, Augenhinterrandbeschuppung.

Beschreibung. Vorderflügel © 6-7,5 mm lang, seidiger Glanz, metallischgrün an der

Basis bis schwach violett im terminalen Bereich. Vorderflügel 9 6-6,5 mm lang, seidiger

Glanz, kupferfarben an der Basis bis dunkelviolett im terminalen Bereich. Hinterfliigel

graubraun, im terminalen Bereich schwach violett glanzend. Unterseite aller Fliigel

graubraun. Kopf, Thorax und Palpen wie Vorderfliigelbasis gefärbt. Augenhinterrand

mit dunkelvioletter Schuppenreihe. Antennen braun mit weißer Spitze. Die ersten zwei

Glieder der Fühlerbasis verdickt, ventral abstehend beschuppt.

128 STUBNER: The Coleophora frischella species group

d Genital (Fig. 7). Bedornte Verdickung der Gnathos klein, tropfenförmig. Dorsaler

Valvenlappen etwa doppelt so lang wie hoch. Sacculusdorn kurz, nach anterior gerich-

tet. Posteriorer Teil der Juxta dorsal mit paariger, deutlich erhabener Leiste. Phallus und

Phallusapodem etwa dreimal so lang wie Juxta. Die 20 schlanken, annähernd gleich-

großen Cornuti befinden sind auf einer schlanken Basis. Appendix des Phallusapodems

mit zwei basalen Schlaufen, einer viermal gewundenen Spirale und einer runden Ose.

9 Genital (Fig. 28). Segment 8 etwa eineinhalbmal so lang wie breit. Ostium befin-

det sich am Vorderrand von Segment 8 und ist etwa halb so breit wie dieses. Bedornter

Teil des Ductus bursae etwa sechsmal so lang wie das Antrum. Media Lamina ragt

um zwei Drittel der Lange des bedornten Teiles des Ductus bursae aus diesem heraus.

Ductus bursae mit fünf Schlaufen, zweite Schlaufe (von posterior gezählt) mit feinen

Dornen besetzt. Signum hakenförmig mit halbkreisförmiger Basis.

Differenzialdiagnose. C. frischella ist nach äußeren Merkmalen nicht von C. alcyo-

nipennella zu unterscheiden. Im männlichen Genital unterscheidet sich C. frischella

von C. alcyonipennella durch den viermal gewundenen Appendix des Phallusapodems,

das bei C. alcyonipennella nur drei Windungen aufweist. Im weiblichen Genital unter-

scheidet sich C. frischella von C. alcyonipennella durch das Ostium, welches sich bei

C. frischella im anterioren Bereich von Segment 8 sowie bei C. alcyonipennella etwa

in der Mitte derselben befindet.

Lebensweise. Imagines der C. frischella konnten durch den Autor mehrfach am Tage

an Trifolium pratense beobachtet werden.

Verbreitung. Sicher bestimmte Exemplare von C. frischella sind nur aus Europa be-

kannt: Deutschland, Osterreich, Schweiz, Italien, Frankreich. Svensson (1978) nennt

die Art fiir Schweden.

Anmerkung. Bei der Festlegung des Lectotypus von C. frischella durch Bradley

(1967: 45-47) synonymisiert dieser C. alcyonipennella mit C. frischella und bezieht

sich dabei auf Illustrationen von Toll (1952: Taf. 5 Fig. 46, p. 23, Fig. 206; Toll 1962:

Taf. 10M Fig. 67, 8W Fig. 54), die jedoch C. alcyonipennella zeigen und nicht mit dem

Lectotypus von C. frischella tibereinstimmen. Die Idenditat dieser beiden Arten wurde

bereits durch Svensson (1978: 90) geklärt.

Coleophora alcyonipennella (Kollar, 1832) (Fig. 1, 5, 8, 29, 48)

Ornix alcyonipennella Kollar, 1832: 99. Typenfundort: Österreich, Mödling.

= Coleophora cuprifulgella Toll, 1962: 652. Typenfundort: Mazedonien. Baldizzone 1988: 123 (Syn.).

Material. Coleophora alcyonipennella, Neotypus © (festgelegt durch Baldizzone 1988: 123): “Méd-

zone 1987.“, „Mus. Vind. | Gen. Präp. | 13563 ©“, „Bldz | PG n° | 8776 &“, MNW. Coleophora cupri-

fulgella, Holotypus © (durch ursprüngliche Festlegung): “Typus”, “Macedonia”, “Präparat | No. 1084”,

“Coleophora | cuprifulgella | Typus. Toll. | Gr. v. Toll det.”, [Paratypus nicht untersucht] ISZP.

Estland: 10, south, Puka, 14.v1.1995, Viidalep leg. (prep. Stb. 2092), ZMUC. Dänemark: 30, 19

LFM Mandemarke, 11.-12.v1., 13.-15.vi11.2003, 11.-18.1x.2004, 19 NEZ, Kopenhagen, 17,5 m,

1.-3.v11.2005, Karsholt leg. (prep. Stb. 2094, 2234), ZMUC. 400 229 Deutschland: Brandenburg,

Janschwalde/Ost & Kraftwerk, 23.vii.1995, 4., 7.vii.1996, 14.v., 14., 15.v111.1998, 30.vii, 8., 20.vill.,

5.1x.1999, 24.vii.2000, 20., 27.viii.2001, 13.vii., 1.1x.2002, 15.vil., 22.v111.2003, 15., 20. vu: os

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 121-172 129

Fig. 7-9. © Genital. 7. C. frischella, (prep. Stb. 2256). 8. C. alcyonipenella, Neotypus (prep. Baldizz

8776). 9. C. argentifimbriata, Lectotypus, B.M. Genitalia slide No. 19180.

one

19.v111.2004, 30.iv., 24.vi., 2., 4., 11., 14., 15., 19., 26.vii., 16.viii.2005, 25., 29.v., 5., 6., 7., 10., 19.,

23.v11.2006 (prep. Stb. 436, 489, 861, 1323, 1651, 1653, 1720); 10, 19 Lübbinchen & Horno, 3.viii.1996,

3.v.2000 (prep. Stb. 859, 945); 19, 19 Grießen/Neiße, 8.v.2004, 9.vi.2006, leg. et coll. Stübner (prep.

Stb. 1730). 3Q Sachsen, Belgershain, 26.v.1995, 7.vi.1997, 13.vii.2002, leg. et coll. Stübner (prep. Stb.

940). 19 Dresden, Lössnitz, LK 3.vii.1937, leg. et coll. Möbius (prep. Stb. 939), MTD. 40° Süd-Pfalz,

Siebeldingen, 28.vii.1953, 22.vi.1954, 16.vii.1955, de Lattin leg. (prep. Stb. 2073), ZFB. 20° Bayern, Lkr.

Landshut, Adlkofen, 1.vi.2003, 26.v.2004, Lichtmannecker leg, coll. Stübner (prep. Stb. 1870, 1880). 10°

Kaiserstuhl, Oberbergen, 16.-19.v. 2002, leg. et coll. Werno (prep. Stb. 1879). 10° Saarland, Nunkirchen,

23.v11.2005, leg. et coll. Werno (prep. Stb. 2140). 19 Thüringen, Werrawiese bei Bad Salzungen, Kloster,

130 STUBNER: The Coleophora frischella species group

15.vi.2002, leg. et coll. Büchner (prep. Stb. 2213). Polen: 1 S Ubierzowa p. Zaleszczyki, 22.v.1935, Toll

leg. (prep. Stb. 1807), UMB. Tschechien: 29 Südböhmen, Umgeb. Prachatice, Zablati, 12 —20.vii.2005,

leg. et coll. Seliger (prep. Stb. 2386). Russland: 10 Südrussland, Losovaja, 6.viii.1943, leg. Soffner (prep.

Stb. 1466), DEI. Luxemburg: 10 Remich Elzebeiche, 10.v111.1998, leg. et coll. Meyer (prep. Stb. 2304).

Frankreich: 10° Südfrankreich, Pelvoux, 1850 m, 20.-31.v111.1973, Zürnbauer leg. (prep. Stb. 1893),

TLMF. Österreich: 19 Osttirol, Nörsach, Rabantberg, Felsenhang, 630 m, 3.vi.2002 LF, leg. Deutsch

(prep. Stb. 2654), TLMF. 19 Urschendorf 1 km NW, 27.v1.2003, leg. et coll. Buchner (prep. Stb. 2224).

Italien: 19 Toscana, Rufina bei Florenz, 10.-17.v.2003, Lichtmannecker leg., coll. Stübner (prep. Stb.

1699). 19, 29 Caserta Baia Domisia, 29.vii.1973, Johansson leg. (prep. Rasmussen 4583), ZMUC.

1o Friuli, Alesso, 200 m, 24.v.1993, leg. Deutsch (prep. Stb. 2653), TLMF. Kroatien: 19 Dalmatien,

Hrvace, 7.ix.1966, de Lattin leg. (prep. Stb. 2072), ZFB. 19 Zengg, 21.vii.1917 (prep. Stb. 1784), UMB.

Spanien: 10 Teruel, Valdeltormo, 8.v11.1985, leg. Gielis (prep. Stb. 1493), coll. v. d. Wolf. 19 Albarracin,

Aragonien, vili.1928, coll. Möbius, (prep. Stb. 918), MTD. Türkei: 10°, 29 Agri, 16 km SE Kagizman, 45

km W Kagizman, 1575m, 1450 m, 23., 24.v11.1998, Fibiger & Esser leg. (prep. Stb.2077), ZMUC. 19 SO,

Bey Tisbap, 31.v111.1958, Kosswig leg. (prep. Stb. 2071), ZFB. 10° Syrien, sept., Taurus, Marasch, 800m,

a. L. 14.v.1928, leg. Osthelder (prep. Stb. 1674), ZSM. Usbekistan: 1 CKitab, Kaschkad. bei Buchara,

6.v1.1926, Gerasimov leg. (prep. Rasmussen 4736), ZMUC. Kirgisien: 19 Karakotschkor, 1450m,

11.v11.1998, leg. Nuss (prep. Stb. 1522), MTD. Afghanistan: 10 E.-Afghanistan, Nuristan, Bashgal,

Barg-e-Matal, 2200 m, vi1.1976, leg. Naumann (prep. Stb. 1673), ZSM. Indien: 20 Kashmir, Gulmarg

c. 2600-3000 m, 17.v111.—5.1Xx.1978, Copenhagen Zool. Mus. Exp. (prep. Stb. 2074), ZMUC. China: 19

Xinjiang, Tienshan, Tiencie Urumgi, 3.-5.v1.1992, Mey leg. (prep. Stb. 1872), ZMHB. Australien: 1©

Umgeb. Sydney, N 12, coll. Lüddemann (prep. Stb. 1463), DEI.

Beschreibung. Vorderflügel © 5-7 mm lang, leuchtender Glanz, kupferfarben mit

leichtem Grünschimmer an der Basis bis violett im terminalen Bereich. Vorderflügel

terminalen Bereich. Hinterflügel graubraun, schwach glänzend. Unterseite aller Flügel

wie Hinterflügeloberseite gefärbt. Kopf, Thorax und Palpen sind wie Vorderflügelbasis

gefärbt. Am Augenhinterrand eine schwach dunkelviolett, nicht grannenförmige

Schuppenreihe. Antennen braun mit weißer Spitze. Fühlerbasis auf einem Fünftel der

Fühlerlänge ventral anliegend verdickt beschuppt.

CO Genital (Fig. 8). Bedornte Verdickung der Gnathos klein, tropfenförmig. Dorsaler

Valvenlappen etwa doppelt so lang wie hoch. Sacculusdorn kurz, nach anterior gerichtet.

Die 5 schlanken, annähernd gleichgroBen Cornuti befinden sind auf einer Basisplatte.

Juxta dorsal mit paariger, deutlich erhabener Leiste. Apodemaler Teil des Phallus etwa

dreimal so lang wie Juxta. Appendix des Phallusapodems mit zwei Basisschlaufen und

einer dreimal gewundenen Spirale mit einer distal runden Ose.

9 Genital (Fig. 29). Segment 8 etwa so lang wie breit. Ostium befindet sich etwa in

der Mitte von Segment 8 und ist etwa ein Drittel so breit wie dieses. Bedornter Teil des

Ductus bursae etwa viermal so lang wie Antrum. Media Lamina ragt um zwei Drittel

der Länge des bedornten Teils aus diesem heraus. Ductus bursae mit fünf Schlaufen,

zweite Schlaufe mit feinen Dornen besetzt. Signum hakenförmig, mit halbkreisför-

miger Basisplatte.

Lebensweise. Imagines konnten durch den Autor mehrfach am Tage an Trifolium pra-

tense und T. hybridum beobachtet werden. Die Imaines wurden von Ende April bis

Anfang September, mit Häufungen im Mai und Juli, festgestellt, was auf das Auftreten

von zwei Generationen hinweist.

Verbreitung. Westliche Paläarktis. Nach Australien verschleppt (Landry & Wright

1993).

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 121-172 131

Fig. 10-12. 10. C angustiorella, (prep. Stb. 1670). 11. C. deauratella, (prep. Stb. 1698). 12. C. basimacu-

lella, Lectotypus (prep. Baldizzone 2930).

Coleophora argentifimbriata Walsingham, 1907 (Fig. 9, 30)

Coleophora argentifimbriata Walsingham, 1907: 125. Typenfundort: Algerien.

Material. Lectotypus © (festgelegt durch Baldizzone 1994: 82): “LECTO- | TYPE”, “Hammam-|

Ent. Mo. Mag. | XLIII. 125 (1907) | Type © descr.”, “Walsingham | Collection, | 1910-427.”, “B.M. ©

| Genitalia slide | No. 19180”, BMNH. Paralectotypi: 21¢, 159 Hammam-| es-Salahin | ALGERIA,

18.11.1895, 21.,22., 23., 27.111., 2.1v.1904, 18.11.1906, (Toll 1578, slide no. 19181, 29862 BMNH). 3 Säcke

gleichen Datums an Trifolium sp., 30.iv.1904, BMNH.

152 STUBNER: The Coleophora frischella species group

Beschreibung. Vorderflügel S 6,5—7,5 mm lang, hell bronzefarben, Fransen am Apex

mit weißen Spitzen. Vorderflügel 9 5,5-6 mm lang, dunkler bronzefarben an der Basis bis

purpurbraun im terminalen Bereich. Hinterflügel grau, Fransen heller, beim Männchen

mit weißen Fransen am Apex. Unterseite aller Flügel wie Hinterflügeloberseite ge-

färbt. Kopf und Thorax bronzefarben, kupfern glänzend, Augen glänzend hellgrau

umrandet. Fühler graubraun, ım basalen Teil violett schimmernd, Spitze heller grau.

Beim Weibchen sind die ersten 6-7 Glieder des Fühlers durch violette, abstehende

Beschuppung verdickt.

CO Genital (Fig. 9). Bedornte Verdickung der Gnathos klein, rund. Dorsaler

Valvenlappen etwa eineinhalbmal so lang wie hoch. Dorsalrand der Valve mit großer

Saeta. Sacculusdorn kurz, nach proximal gerichtet. Die 8 schlanken, annähernd gleich-

großen Cornuti befinden sind auf einer Basisplatte. Juxta dorsal mit paariger, deutlich

erhabener Leiste.

Q Genital (Fig. 30). Segment 8 etwa so lang wie breit. Ostium befindet sich im

anterioren Drittel von Segment 8 und ist etwa ein Drittel so breit wie dieses. Bedornter

Teil des Ductus bursae etwa dreimal so lang wie Antrum. Media Lamina ragt anterior

nicht aus dem bedornten Teil des Ductus bursae hervor. Signum hakenförmig mit halb-

kreisförmiger Basisplatte.

Differenzialdiagnose. C. argentifimbriata ist im männlichen Genital durch die am

Dorsalrand der Valve befindliche Saeta und im weiblichen Genital durch die anteri-

or nicht aus dem bedornten Teil des Ductus bursae ragende Media lamina von allen

Arten verschieden, die dunkle Fühler mit einer weißer Spitze sowie dunkelviolette oder

gleichfarbige Augenhinterrandschuppen aufweisen.

Lebensweise. Walsingham (1907) fand Säcke an Trifolium sp., die möglicherweise zu

C. argentifimbriata gehören.

Verbreitung. Algerien.

Coleophora angustiorella Fuchs, 1903 (Fig. 10, 49)

Coleophora angustiorella Fuchs, 1903: 111. Typenfundort: Armenien, Eriwan.

Material. Italien: 19 Calabria, P. ta Calderese, (S. Eufemia), 5.6.1959, Zangheri leg. (prep. Toll

2937), ISZP. Mazedonien: 10, Stari Dojran, 2.-10.vi.1955, Klimesch leg., (prep. Stb. 1670), ZSM.

Kroatien: 20 N, Vinodolski, 12.-24.6.2004, leg. et coll. Theimer & Stübner (prep. Stb. 2039, 2040).

Türkei: 19 Prov. Ismir, 30 km NW Bergama, 10.-12.5.1993, 500-750 m, Karsholt leg. (prep. Stb. 2097),

ZMUC.

Beschreibung. Vorderfliigel 4-4,5 mm lang, metallischgelb an der Basis bis kupfer-

farbig im terminalen Bereich. Hinterfliigel dunkelbräunlichgrau, schwach glänzend.

Unterseite aller Flügel wie Hinterfliigeloberseite gefärbt. Kopf, Thorax und Palpen

messingfarben. Augenhinterrand mit schwarzer, abstehender Schuppenreihe. Antennen

schwarzbraun mit weißer Spitze. Fühlerbasis nicht auffällig verdickt oder abstehend

beschuppt.

CO Genital (Fig. 10). Bedornte Verdickung der Gnathos eiförmig. Dorsaler

Valvenlappen etwa doppelt so lang wie hoch. Ventral des Sacculusdorns ist der

Sacculus nach anterior blasenförmig erweitert, nach posterior gleichmäßig mit feinen

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 121-172 153

Fig. 13-15. © Genital. 13. C. trifolii, (prep. Stb. 1696). 14. C. tunisiae sp. n., Holotypus (prep. Stb. 2080).

15. C. pustulosa, (prep. Stb. 1874).

Haaren besetzt. Dorsale Leisten der Juxta schwach ausgebildet. Phallusapodem etwa

fünfmal so lang wie Juxta. Die 8 nadelförmigen Cornuti bilden auf einer schmalen

Basisleiste einen Bogen. Phallusapodem etwa dreimal so lang wie Juxta. Appendix des

Phallusapodems mit einer Basisschlaufe sowie einer einfach gewundenen Spirale, an

deren Ende der Ductus ejaculatorus eine runde Ose bildet.

©. Unbekannt.

134 STÜBNER: The Coleophora frischella species group

Differenzialdiagnose. C. angustiorella ist die kleinste bekannte Art aus der C. frischel-

la Gruppe und durch Genitalmerkmale, wie z.B. die anterior gerichtete, blasenförmige

Erweiterung des Sacculus nicht zu verwechseln.

Lebensweise. Die Falter fliegen im Spätfrühling.

Verbreitung. Siideuropa, Tiirkei und Armenien.

Anmerkung. C. angustiorella wurde ausschließlich nach äußeren Merkmalen be-

schrieben und dabei mit C. alcyonipennella verglichen (Fuchs 1903: 10-11). Das

Typenmaterial der aus Armenien beschriebenen C. angustiorella gilt als vernichtet (Horn

et al. 1990: 129). Um den Status dieser Art eindeutig festzulegen und Verwechslungen

innerhalb der C. frischella Gruppe auszuschließen, sollte ein Neotypus festgelegt wer-

den. Dafür liegt bislang aber kein Material aus Armenien vor.

Coleophora deauratella Lienig & Zeller, 1846 (Fig. 11, 31, 50)

Coleophora deauratella Lienig & Zeller, 1846: 295. Typenfundort: Lievland.

Material. Coleophora deauratella Lectotypus © (festgelegt durch Landry & Wright, 1993: 570):

“Type”, “Deauratella Lg. | Isis 1846, 295”, “Zeller Coll. | Walsingham | Collection | B.M. 1910-427.”,

“BM Genitalia Slide & | No. 2293”, [drawer label: “Lecto- | type”], BMNH.

Tschechien: 1S Nordböhmen, ohne Datum, leg. Heinitz (prep. Stb. 919) MTD. Deutschland: 1S Boxberg

bei Gotha, 7.v11.1920, leg. Habicht (prep. Stb. 1467), DEI. 10 Saarland, Oberthal, 2.vii.1960, de Lattin leg.

(prep. Stb. 2310) ZFB. 19 29 Brandenburg, Jänschwalde/Ost & Kraftwerk, 14.v1.2002, 4., 10.v11.2006;

10, 29 Thüringen, Kyffhäuser, Rottleben, 4.v1i.2002 leg. et coll. Stübner. Io Thiiringen, NSG Alte Warth

bei ‘Gumpelstadt, 25.vi.1994, leg. et coll. Biichner (prep. Stb. 2214). Osterreich: 29 Steiermark, Bad

Gleichenberg, 1 —4.vii.1995, Erlebach leg. (prep. Stb. 1894); 19 Osttirol, Umg. Sillian, Heinfels, 1100 m,

3.v11.1992, Mair leg. TLMF. Schweiz: 20° Wallis, Erschmatt, Hohe Brücke, 800 m, 12.-16.v.2005, leg.

et coll. Seliger (prep. 2385). 1% Wallis, Umgeb. Leuk Albinen, Chermgnon, 1800 m,30.vi.—1.v11.2005,

leg. et coll. Seliger. Italien: 10° Udine, Villatoro, 4.v11.1984, Gielis leg., coll. v. d. Wolf (prep. Stb. 1488).

19 Südtirol, Vinschgau, Taufers, 1100 m, LF, 26.v1.2003, Lichtmannecker leg., coll. Stübner (prep. Stb.

1698). 20°, 19 Sardinien, Aritzo, 30.vi., 3., 6.v11.1936, Amsel leg. (prep. Stb. 1780); 19 Sardinien, Belvi,

6.v11.1936, Amsel leg., UMB. 20, 19 Venedig, 17.vii.1981, Schnack leg. (prep. Stb. 2095), ZMUC.

10° Toscana, Umgeb. Volterra, 10.—16.vi.2006, leg. et coll. Theimer (prep. Stb. 2278). Rumänien: 10

Herkulesbad, 22.v.1916, Major Prall leg. (prep. Stb. 1792) UMB. Bulgarien: 19 Rilagebirge, 1300m,

5.-15.v11.1961, leg. Soffner (prep. Stb. 1464) DEI. Russland: 10 Irkutsk, Uschakowa, 8.-23.v1.1993,

Mey leg. (prep. Stb. 1875) ZMHB. Griechenland: 10 Kreta Kato stalos, 19.1v.-27.1v.1995, Baumgaard

leg. (prep. v. d. Wolf 6656) ZMUC. Spanien, 19, 19 Guadalajara 2 km NW Trillo, 800 m, 21.vii.1988,

Fibiger leg. (prep. v. d. Wolf 4610) ZMUC. Montenegro: 49 Umgeb. Hercegnovi, 13. — 19.v.2005, leg. et

coll. Stübner (prep. Stb. 2010). Türkei: 19 Brussa, 1863, Mann leg. (prep. Stb. 1883), MNW. USA: 19

Washington, Sedro Woolley, 70 m, 16.vi.2004, Beck & Segerer leg., coll. Segerer.

Beschreibung. Vorderflügel © 7,0-7,5 mm lang, messingfarben bis violett im termi-

nalen Bereich. Vorderflügel © 6-7 mm lang, messingfarben an der Basis noch vor der

Flügelmitte rötlich bis dunkelviolett im terminalen Bereich. Hinterflügel graubraun,

schwach glänzend. Unterseite aller Flügel wie Hinterflügeloberseite gefärbt. Kopf und

Palpen graumetallisch. Fühlerbasis beim © im ersten Viertel, beim Q zu zwei Fünfteln

abstehend verdickt beschuppt. Thorax wie Vorderflügelbasis gefärbt. Abstehende, gran-

nenförmige Schuppenreihe am Augenhinterrand leicht violett gefärbt. Antennen braun

mit weißer Spitze.

CS Genital (Fig. 11). Bedornte Verdickung der Gnathos klein, rund. Dorsaler

Valvenlappen etwa doppelt so lang wie hoch. Sacculusdorn kurz, nach proximal gerich-

tet. Fünf schlanke, nadelförmige Cornuti auf einer deutlichen Basisplatte. Juxta dorsal

mit paariger, deutlich erhabener Leiste. Phallusapodem mit einer deutlichen sackartigen

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 121-172 135

200 um

Fig. 16-18. © Genital. 16. C. /eucostoma, Syntypus (prep. Rasmussen 4739). 17. C. cuprariella stat. rev.,

(prep. Stb. 1686). 18. C. fuscicornis, (prep. Stb. 1802).

Erweiterung im zweiten Drittel. Appendix des Phallusapodems mit einer Basisschlaufe

und einer zweieinhalbmal gewundenen Spirale, an deren Ende der Ductus ejaculatorus

eine große Öse bildet.

9 Genital (Fig. 31). Segment 8 etwa zweimal so lang wie breit. Ostium im anteri-

oren Bereich von Segment 8 und etwa ein Drittel so breit wie dieses. Bedornter Teil des

Ductus bursae ist etwa zweimal so lang wie Antrum. Media Lamina ragt um etwa ein

136 STUBNER: The Coleophora frischella species group

Viertel der Lange des bedornten Teiles des Ductus bursae aus diesem heraus. Ductus

bursae mit vier Schlaufen, die zweite mit feinen Dornen besetzt. Signum hakenförmig

mit halbkreisförmiger Basisplatte.

Differenzialdiagnose. C. deauratella unterscheidet sich im männlichen Genital von C.

frischella und C. alcyonipennella durch die anterior deutliche sackartige Erweiterung

des Phallusapodems sowie von C. argentifimbriata und C. angustiorella durch den

dorsalen Sacculusdorn, dessen Spitze bei C. deauratella dorsal und bei C. argenti-

fimbriata und C. angustiorella nach anterior gerichtet ist. Das Weibchen von C. deau-

ratella unterscheidet sich von C. frischella und C. alcyonipennella durch die zu zwei

Fünfteln abstehend beschuppte Flühlerbasis sowie von C. argentifimbriata durch das 8.

Segment, welches bei C. deauratella zweimal so lang wie breit, bei C. argentifimbriata

jedoch nur so lang wie breit ist.

Lebensweise. Imagines der C. deauratella konnten mehrfach am Tage an Trifolium

pratense, T. medium und T. hybridum beobachtet werden.

Verbreitung. Paläarktis. In die Nearktis eingeschleppt (Landry & Wright 1993).

Anmerkung. Von den durch Baldizzone (1997: 223) erwähnten 19, 39 C. deauratella

(Neu für Tunesien), konnte ich 10° und 19 untersuchen. Beide Tiere sind mit C. deau-

ratella Lienig & Zeller, 1846 nicht conspezifisch und werden in diesem Artikel der C.

funisiae sp. n. zugeordnet.

Coleophora trifolii (Curtis, 1832) (Fig. 6, 13, 33, 52)

Coleophora trifolii (Curtis, 1832: 420) (Damophila). Typenfundort: England, Charmouth, Dorset.

= Coleophora melilotella Scott, 1860: 108. Typenfundort: England. Bradley 1967: 46 (Syn.).

= Coleophora frischella aurata Toll, 1960: 249. Typenfundort: Estepar, Burgos.

= Coleophora trifolii aurata Toll, 1960: 249. Vives Moreno, 1984: 19 (Coleophora trifolii ssp.).

Material. C. melilotella Lectotypus © (festgelegt durch Bradley 1962: 178): “Lectotype”, “England

| Del Coll. (Mason 1906)”, “Melilotella, Scott”, “Walsingham | Collection. | 1910-427.”, “B.M. © |

Genitalia slide | No. 6440”, “Lectotype | Coleophora | melilotella Sc. | J.D. Bradley. 1960”, BMNH. PLT:

19, 1 abdomen missing, same data, BMNH. C. frischella aurata Paratypus ©: “Paratypus”,“Estepar 810

Toll. ISZE.

Deutschland: 139, 109 Brandenburg, Jänschwalde/Ost & Kraftwerk, 3., 16.vii.1993, 1., 5.vii.1995, 5.,

13.v11.1996, 21., 22., 25.vi.1997, 21.vi.1998, 16.vi., 3., 6.v11.2001, 12., 20.iv. (ex larva, Melilotus alba),

5., 22., 23., 24., vi.2002, 27.vi.2005, 23., 26., 27.vi.2006 (prep. Stb. 1117, 1307, 1652, 1722): 1 9:Sachsen.

Belgershain, 21.v1.1889 leg. et coll. Stübner (prep. Stb. 1118). Osterreich: 19 Osttirol, Lavant, 650 m,

22.v11.1992, Deutsch, TLMF. 10° Neusiedler See, Hackelsberg, 21.vi.1974, Kasy leg., NMW. Italien: 29

Friuli, Trasaghis, Tagliamento, 180 m, 2.vii.1997, 10° Trieste, Monfalcone, 100 m, 26.v.1993, Deutsch

leg. (prep. Stb. 2239), TLMF. 19 Emilia Romagna, Provinz Rimini, Val d. Marecchia, Ponte Verucchio,

7.v1.2003 N. Zahm leg., coll. Werno (prep. Stb. 1876). Frankreich: 19 Gard Roguedur Ganges, 28.vi.—

6.v11.1980, Schnack leg. (prep. Stb. 2084), 19, 1 Expl. ohne Abdomen, Provence, Domaine de Maure

Vicille, 1., 4.v1.2000, Hendriksen leg. (prep. Stb. 2656), ZMUC. Ungarn: 19 Nyirbätor, 2.vn.1915,

Predota leg., NMW. Slowenien: 30° unterhalb Nanosgebirge, Vipava, 150 m, 1.vii.2003, Skule & Hviid

leg. (prep. Stb. 2099), ZMUC. Rumänien: 19 Ocua B. Sibiu, 21.vii.1982, Rakosy leg. (prep. v. d. Wolf

5303), ZMUC. Ukraine: 1% Nogaisk bei Bordjansk, 16.vi.1965, Nekrutenko leg. (prep. Stb. 1696), ZSM.

Id’ Krim, Karadagh, LF, 4.vi.1994, Kostjuk leg., ZMUC. Griechenland: 1S Kreta, Kato stalos, 19.1v.—

27.iv.1995, Baumgaard leg. (prep. v. d. Wolf 6655), ZMUC. Türkei: 19 Prov. Nevschir, Göreme, 10 km

Urgüp, 1300 m, 11.-13.v111.1993, Schepler leg. (prep. v. d. Wolf 7803), ZMUC. Irak: 20 Abu-Ghraib,

1.iv.1953, 18.11.1958, leg. Remane, (prep. 2070, 2269), 19 Baghdad, 6.xi.1958, leg. Remane, (prep. Stb.

2311), ZFB. Südufer des Toten Meers: 70°, 139, 1 Expl. ohne Abdomen, 15.-27.111.1933, Aigner leg.,

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 121-172 137

Fig. . 19-21. © Genital. 19. C. amethystinella stat. rev., (prep. Stb. 2109). 20. C. fuscoaenea, (prep. Stb.

1775). 21. C. mayrella, Neotypus (prep. Stb. 2671).

coll. Amsel (prep. Stb. 1779), UMB. China: 19 Xinjiang, Korla, 11.vi.1992, Mey leg. (prep. Stb. 1871)

ZMHB. Kanada: 3,30 British Columbia, Golden, Columbia River Valley (Auwald), 797 m, 26.vi.2004,

Beck & Segerer leg. (prep. Stb. 1798) ; 29,29 British Columbia, Clinton (Ponterosa Pine Wood), 1000 m,

27.v1.2004, Beck & Segerer leg., coll. Segerer (prep. Stb. 1799).

Beschreibung. Vorderflügel © 8,5-9,5 mm, 9 7,5-8,5 mm lang, leuchtendgrüner

Glanz an der Basis bis violett im terminalen Bereich oder kupferrot mit stark violettem

terminalen Bereich bei der Unterart C. 1. aurata. Hinterflügel graubraun, schwach glän-

138 STUBNER: The Coleophora frischella species group

zend. Unterseite aller Flügel wie Hinterflügeloberseite gefärbt. Stirn weiß, Scheitel,

Palpen und Thorax wie Vorderflügel gefärbt. Augenhinterrand mit gelber, abstehender,

grannenförmiger Schuppenreihe. Antennen braun mit weißer Spitze. Fühlerbasis an

den ersten zwei Gliedern mit ventral abstehenden Schuppen, dann auf einem Fünftel

der Fühlerlänge anliegend stahlblau beschuppt.

CO Genital (Fig. 13). Bedornte Verdickung der Gnathos schlank, tropfenförmig.

Dorsaler Valvenlappen viermal so lang wie hoch, leicht keulenförmig. Sacculusdorn

kurz, nach proximal gerichtet. Ventralrand der Valve distal leicht ausgestellt mit zwei

leicht verdickten, längeren Saetae. Etwa 15 kurze, annähernd gleichgroße Cornuti, auf

einer gebogenen Basisplatte angeordnet. Juxta dorsal mit paariger, deutlich erhabener

Leiste. Phallusapodem fünfmal so lang wie Juxta. Appendix des Phallusapodems mit

einer Basisschlaufe und einer achtzehnmal gewundenen Spirale, an deren Ende der

Ductus ejaculatorus eine runde Öse bildet. Diese Spirale nimmt bis zur elften Windung

an Größe zu und danach wieder ab.

Q Genital (Fig. 33). Segment 8 eineinviertelmal so lang wie breit. Ostium befindet

sich im basalen Drittel von Segment 8 und ist etwa halb so breit wie dieses. Bedornter

Teil des Ductus bursae etwa siebenmal so lang wie Antrum. Media Lamina ragt um

zwei Drittel der Lange des bedornten Teiles des Ductus bursae aus diesem heraus.

Ductus bursae mit 6 Schlaufen, die zwei posterioren Schlaufen bilden den anterioren

Teil des bedornten Teils des Ductus bursae und der aus diesem herausragenden Media

lamina. Signum groß, hakenförmig mit halbkreisförmiger Basisplatte.

Differenzialdiagnose. C. trifo/ii ist durch den strahlenden Glanz der Vorderflügel und

ihrer Größe mit keiner Art, die dunkle, ungeringelte Fühler mit heller Fühlerspitze

aufweist, zu verwechseln.

Lebensweise. Die Larven fressen an den Samenständen von Melilotus alba und

M. officinalis. Die Falter werden in Mitteleuropa im Juni und Juli gefunden, weiter süd-

lich auch früher im Jahr.

Verbreitung. Westliche Paläarktis. In Nordamerika eingeschleppt (Landry & Wright 1993).

Coleophora tunisiae Stübner & Baldizzone sp. n. (Fig. 14, 34, 53)

Material. Holotypus: © “Tunisia | Ain Draham area | 5-18.v.1988 | Zool. Mus. Copenhagen Exp.”,

Baldizzone, 2007“, “Coleophora © | tunisiae sp. n. | GU 2080 | det. Stübner 2005”, ZMUC. — Paratypi: 19

gleiche Daten wie Holotypus, C. deauratella Z., det. Baldizzone, (prep. Stb. 2081), ZMUC. 19 Tabarka

area, 7..-18.v.1988, Zool. Mus. Copenhagen Exp., Coleophora fuscicornis ZII., Baldizzone det., (prep.

Stb. 2082); 19 Tabarka area, 7.-18.v.1988, Zool. Mus Copenaghen Exp. (prep. Bldz 14116) coll. ZMUC.

1 Ain Drahm, 600 m, 18.v.1981, M.R.S. N. Spedizione Algeria 81 (prep. Bldz 14118), Boffa-Casale-

Giachino-Pgliano-Risi-Scaramozzino; Algeria: 19 Souk-Ahras (Frontiera) 18.v.1981, Spedizione Algeria

81, Boffa-Casale-Giachino-Pagliano-Risi-Scaramozzino, coll. Baldizzone.

Beschreibung. Vorderflügel S 6 mm, 9 5,5 mm lang, dunkel bronzefarben metal-

lisch matt glänzend. Hinterfliigel graubraun, schwach glänzend. Unterseite aller

Flügel wie Hinterflügeloberseite gefärbt. Kopf und Thorax wie Vorderflügel gefärbt.

Palpenendglieder innen weißlich beschuppt. Augenhinterrand mit orangegelber, gran-

nenförmiger Schuppenreihe. Antennen braun mit weißem Endstück. Fühlerbasisglied

ventral abstehend beschuppt.

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 121-172 139

Fig. 22-24. © Genital. 22. C. paramayrella, Holotypus (prep. Nel 0554). 23. C. pseudofuscoaenea sp. n.,

Holotypus (prep. Baldizzone 9783). 24. C. etrusca, Paratypus (prep. Baldizzone 7518).

CO Genital (Fig. 14). Bedornte Verdickung der Gnathos klein, tropfenförmig.

Dorsaler Valvenlappen doppelt so lang wie hoch. Sacculusdorn kurz, nach proximal

gerichtet. Dorsalrand der Valve mit hakenförmig gebogener Saeta. Die 5 schlanken,

posterior langer werdenden Cornuti befinden sind auf einer Basisplatte. Juxta dorsal

mit paariger, deutlich erhabener Leiste. Phallusapodem fiinfmal so lang wie Juxta.

Appendix des Phallusapodems mit einer Basisschlaufe und einer zweimal gewundenen

Spirale, an deren Ende der Ductus ejaculatorus eine runde Ose bildet.

140 STUBNER: The Coleophora frischella species group

Q Genital (Fig. 34). Segment 8 eineinhalbmal so lang wie breit. Ostium befindet

sich an der Basis von Segment 8 und ist ein Drittel so breit wie dieses. Bedornter Teil

des Ductus bursae zweimal so lang wie Antrum. Media Lamina ragt um die Lange des

bedornten Teiles des Ductus bursae aus diesem heraus. Ductus bursae bildet drei unre-

gelmäßige Schlaufen. Signum hakenförmig, gleichbleibend breit, gezahnt, mit stumpf

abgerundeter Spitze, auf halbkreisförmiger Basisplatte.

Differenzialdiagnose. C. funisiae sp. n. 1st im männlichen Genital durch die am

Dorsalrand der Valve befindliche Saeta und im weiblichen Genital durch die proximal

aus dem bedornten Teil des Ductus bursae ragende Media lamina von der ähnlichen

C. pustulosa zu unterscheiden.

Lebensweise. Die bekannten Falter flogen in der ersten Maihälfte.

Verbreitung. Tunesien und Algerien.

Derivatio nominis. Der Name funisiae leitet sich vom Herkunftsland des Holotypus ab.

Coleophora pustulosa Falkovitsh, 1979 (Fig. 15, 35, 54)

Coleophora pustulosa Falkovitsh, 1979: 379, Fig. 2, 11. Typenfundort: Mongolei, Somon Bajanzogt, 1600 m.

Material. Russland: 19, 19 Sibirien, Tschita obl. Kyra, 4.-17.v11.1997, 900 m; Sokhondo NSG,

Aguzakan-Fluß, 1100 m, Kostjuk leg. (prep. Stb. 1873, 1874) ZMHB.

Beschreibung. Vorderflügel 6 mm lang, goldgrün metallisch glänzend, costaler und

terminaler Flügelbereich rotviolett gefärbt. Hinterflügel und Flügelunterseiten braun.

Kopf, Thorax und Palpen grünmetallisch beschuppt. Augenhinterrand mit gelber, gran-

nenförmiger, spärlicher Schuppenreihe. Fühler braun mit grauer Spitze. Fühlerbasisglied

beim © mit ventral abstehender Beschuppung, danach auf einem Fünftel der Fühlerlänge

anliegend stahlblau beschuppt. Fühlerbasis beim 9 auf zwei Fünftel der Fühlerlänge

abstehend stahlblau beschuppt.

CO Genital (Fig. 15). Bedornte Verdickung der Gnathos klein, rund. Dorsaler

Valvenlappen dreimal so lang wie hoch. Sacculusdorn kurz, proximal gerichtet. Die

8 schlanken Cornuti befinden sind auf einer Basisplatte. Juxta dorsal mit paarigen,

deutlich erhabenen Höckern. Phallusapodem sechsmal so lang wie Juxta. Appendix

des Phallusapodems mit einer Basisschlaufe, einer einfachen Spirale und einer wenig

hervorstehenden Öse.

9 Genital (Fig. 35). Segment 8 eineinhalbmal so lang wie breit. Ostium befindet

sich an der Basis von Segment 8 und ist ein Drittel so breit wie dieses. Bedornter Teil

des Ductus bursae viermal so lang wie Antrum. Media lamina ragt proximal nicht aus

dem bedornten Teil des Ductus bursae heraus. Ductus bursae mit zwei Schlaufen, an-

teriore Schlaufe mit deutlichen Dornen besetzt. Signum hakenförmig mit halbkreisför-

miger Basisplatte am proximalen Ende der länglichen Bursa.

Differenzialdiagnose. Unter den Arten mit dunklen, ungeringelten Fühlern und heller

Fühlerspitze ist C. pustulosa im männlichen Genital durch die paarigen Höcker der

Juxta und im weiblichen Genital durch die proximal nicht aus dem bedornten Teil des

Ductus bursae herausragende Media lamina nur mit C. orientalis zu verwechseln.

Lebensweise. Die Falter fliegen im Juli und August.

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 121-172 14]

2 < \ ei CE

F je 208 jm

Fig. 25-27. O Genital. 25. C. aleramica sp. n., Paratypus (prep. Stb. 1450). 26. C. hieronella, (prep. Stb.

1439). 27. C. variicornis, Holotypus (prep. Toll 39).

Verbreitung. Bekannt aus Sibirien und der Mongolei.

Anmerkung. Der Holotypus & (durch ursprügliche Festlegung) von C. pustulosa mit

den Daten „Central aimak, SO von Somon Bajanzogt, 1600 m, 27.vii.1966, Dr. Z.

Kaszab, Nr. 751“ sowie der Paratypus, S mit den Daten „Cojbalsan aimak, SW-Ecke

des Sees Bujr nuur, 585 m, 11.viii.1965, Dr. Z. Kaszab, Nr. 396“ wurden nicht unter-

sucht.

142 STUBNER: The Coleophora frischella species group

Coleophora orientalis Li & Zheng, 1998

Coleophora orientalis Li & Zheng, 1998: 6-10, Fig. 1-3. Typenfundort: China, Wudalianchi.

Anmerkung. In der Originalbeschreibung dieser Art wird nicht auf C. pustulosa ein-

gegangen. Beide Arten sind in Zentralasien verbreitet und stimmen, soweit angegeben,

nach Äußeren und Genitalmerkmalen überein. Eine Untersuchung des Typenmaterials

dieser beiden Taxa ist erforderlich, um hier Klarheit zu schaffen.

Das nachfolgend genannte Typenmaterial wurde nicht untersucht: Holotypus (durch ur-

sprügliche Festlegung): © Wudalianchi [48,7°N, 126,2°E], Heilongjiang Province, alt.

270 m, 30.v11.1997. Paratypı: 29 gleiche Daten wie Holotypus; 1Q Sanzhan [49,6°N,

126,7°E], Heie District, Heilongjiang, alt. 400 m, 27.v11.1997, 19 Nenjiang [49,1°N,

125,2°E], Heilongjiang, alt. 300 m, 29.v11.1997, alle Tiere Li Houhun leg.

Coleophora basimaculella Mann, 1864 (Fig. 2, 12, 32, 51)

Coleophora basimaculella Mann, 1864: 189, Taf. 5 Fig. 3. Typenfundort: Türkei, Brussa.

Material. Coleophora basimaculella Lectotypus ©: (festgelegt durch Baldizzone 1981: 6): “Type |

“7686 © | Gen. Präp. | Mus. Vind.”, “Bldz | PG n° | 2930 0”, MNW.

Griechenland: 109, 39 Rhodos, Faliraki, 26.—28.1v.1985, 19.1v.1986, 2.-8.v.1987, Klimesch leg. (prep.

Stb. 1684, 1685, 1727, 2231) ZSM. 10 Rhodos, Faliraki, 15.1v.1985, Klimesch leg.; 19 Olympus Mts.,

1000 m, 18.-19.v.1994, Karsholt leg. (prep. v. d. Wolf 8360) ZMUC. Türkei: 10 Brussa, Origin., coll.

Led. (prep. Toll 28), ZMHB. 19 Samsundagi Nat. Park, 30 km SW Kusadasi, 0-500 m, 24.-26.1v.1993,

Karsholt leg., ZMUC.

Beschreibung. Vorderfiügel © 5,5—7,5 mm lang, messingfarben, Q 4-5 mm lang, kup-

ferfarbig bis violett im terminalen Bereich. Hinterflügel und Flügelunterseiten hell-

braun. Kopf, Palpen und Thorax hellbraun beschuppt. Augenhinterrand mit abstehen-

der, hellbrauner, grannenförmiger Schuppenreihe. Fühler braun, erstes Fühlerbasisglied

mit ventral abstehenden Schuppen, die drei folgenden Glieder anliegend stahlblau be-

schuppt. Vorderflügelbasis und Tegulae mit mattroten Schuppenflecken.

CO Genital (Fig. 12). Bedornte Verdickung der Gnathos tropfenförmig, Basis spitz.

Dorsaler Valvenlappen eineinhalbmal so lang wie hoch. Sacculusdorn lang, nach dor-

sal gerichtet. Juxta dorsal mit paariger, erhabener Leiste. Phallusapodem doppelt so

lang wıe Juxta. Die 5-6 Cornuti auf einer Basisleiste, posterior schlanker und län-

ger. Appendix des Phallusapodems mit einer Basisschlaufe, einer viermal gewundenen

Spirale, an deren Ende der Ductus ejaculatorus eine runde Öse bildet.

9 Genital (Fig. 32). Segment 8 etwa eineinhalbmal so lang wie breit. Ostium befin-

det sich etwa in der Mitte von Segment 8 und ist ein Drittel so breit wie dieses. Bedornter

Teil des Ductus bursae eineinhalbmal so lang wie Antrum. Media Lamina ragt um die

Hälfte der Länge des bedornten Teiles des Ductus bursae aus diesem heraus. Ductus

bursae mit drei Schlaufen. Signum hakenförmig mit halbkreisförmiger Basisplatte.

Differenzialdiagnose. C. basimaculella kann durch die mattroten Schuppenflecken

an der Vorderflügelbasis und den Tegulae mit keiner bekannten Art der C. frischella-

Gruppe verwechselt werden.

Lebensweise. Die Falter fliegen im April und Mai.

Verbreitung. Südosteuropa, Kleinasien.

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 121-172 143

Fig. 28-30. 9 Genital. 28. C. frischella, (prep. Stb. 1814). 29. C. alcyonipenella, (prep. Stb. 1812). 30.

C. argentifimbriata, a. posterior part, b. Signum, c. posterior part of ductus bursae und Segment VI.

Paralectotypus, B.M. Genitalia slide No. 19181.

Coleophora leucostoma Gerasimov, 1930 (Fig. 16, 36)

Coleophora leucostoma Gerasimov, 1930: 39-40, Taf. 12 Fig. 4. Typenfundort: [Usbekistan, südöstlich

Buchara] Kizyltscha.

Material. Coleophora leucostoma Syntypi: 10°, 19 Kizyltscha, 1.v., 5.v.1926, Gerasimov leg. (prep.

Rasmussen 4739, 4740) ZMUC.

Beschreibung. Vorderflügel © 5,5, 9 4,5 mm lang, kupferrot metallisch matt glänzend.

Hinterflügel graubraun, schwach glänzend. Unterseite aller Flügel wie Hinterflügel-

oberseite gefärbt. Kopf und Thorax sind wie Vorderflügel gefärbt. Palpenendglieder

und Rüsselbasis weißlich beschuppt. Augenhinterrand mit hellgelber, grannenförmiger

Schuppenreihe. Antennen braun. Fühlerbasisglied ventral abstehend beschuppt.

CO Genital (Fig. 16). Bedornte Verdickung der Gnathos klein, tropfenförmig. Dor-

saler Valvenlappen dreimal so lang wie hoch. Sacculusdorn kurz, nach proximal ge-

richtet. Die 5, nach posterior größer werdenden, gedrungenen Cornuti befinden sich auf

einer schwach ausgeprägten Basisplatte. Juxta dorsal mit paariger, deutlich erhabener

Leiste. Phallusapodem etwa doppelt so lang wie Juxta. Appendix des Phallusapodems

mit zwei Basisschlaufen und einer zweimal gewundenen Spirale, an deren Ende der

Ductus ejaculatorus eine runde Ose bildet.

9 Genital (Fig. 36). Segment 8 etwa so lang wie breit. Ostium befindet sich an der

Basis von Segment 8 und ist ein Drittel so breit wie dieses. Bedornter Teil des Ductus

bursae etwa viermal so lang wie Antrum; Media lamina ragt anterior nicht aus dem

bedornten Teil heraus. Posteriore der zwei Schlaufen des Ductus bursae mit feinen

Dornen besetzt. Signum hakenförmig mit herzförmiger Basisplatte.

144 STUBNER: The Coleophora frischella species group

Differenzialdiagnose. C. /eucostoma unterscheidet sich von C. cuprariella durch die

auf das Fühlerbasisglied beschrankte, ventral abstehende Beschuppung.

Lebensweise. Die Falter fliegen im April bis Mai.

Verbreitung. Usbekistan.

Anmerkung. In der Originalbeschreibung von C. /eucostoma wurde die Differenzial-

diagnose nach heutigem Erkenntnisstand mit C. frischella durchgeführt und nicht, wie

von Gerasimov angegeben, mit C. alcyonipennella. Gerasimov geht in der Beschreibung

von C. leucostoma erstmals auf die Schlaufenbildung im Appendix des Phallusapodems

ein, welche er als Caecum penis bezeichnet. Leider wurde dieses taxonomisch wert-

volle Merkmal in den folgenden Jahrzehnten bei der Beschreibung von Coleophora-

Arten weitgehend vernachlässigt (weitere Syntypen, die nicht untersucht wurden:

40 23.—27.1v., 40 1.v., 30, 29 5.v., 20, 19 14.v.1926, alle Kizyltscha, Gerasimov leg.).

Coleophora cuprariella Lienig & Zeller, 1846 stat. rev. (Fig. 17, 37, 55)

Coleophora cuprariella Lienig & Zeller, 1846 : 295. Typenfundrot: Türkei, Merineriza.

= Coleophora metallicella Fuchs, 1903: 11 (Homonym). Typenfundort: Eriwan. syn. n.

= Coleophora fuchsiella Odejans, 1971: 189. (Ersatzname für C. metallicella Fuchs, 1903)

Material. Coleophora cuprariella, Holotype S (durch Monotypie): “Type”, “Coleophora | cuprariel-

la | Is. 1847, 36 | Merineriza. Mai 42. | lif. 92.”, “Zeller Coll. | Walsingham | Collection | B.M. 1910-427.”

[ Abdomen, linker Vorderflügel und rechter Fühler fehlen] BMNH. C. metallicella Fuchs, Neotypus 9

(hiermit festgelegt): “NEOTYPUS”, “TURKEY: 40 km NE Antalya | Road to Köprülü Kanyon | Nat.

det. Stiibner 2005 | Neotypus” “Coll. ZMUC | Copenhagen | Denmark” ZMUC.

Griechenland: 19 Rhodos, Kaskinou, 21.iv.1987, Klimesch leg. (prep. Stübner 1686), 19 Rhodos,

Faliraki, 14.1v.1983, Klimesch leg. (prep. Stübner 1692), ZSM.

Beschreibung. Vorderfliigel von metallischgriin an der Basis bis dunkelviolett 1m ter-

minalen Bereich, stark glänzend, 5-6 mm lang. Hinterfliigel und Flügelunterseiten

braun. Kopf, Thorax und Palpen griinmetallisch beschuppt. Augenhinterrand mit ab-

stehender, gelber, grannenförmiger Schuppenreihe. Fühler einfarbig braun. Fühlerbasis

der 9 bis zur Hälfte, der © bis zu einem Drittel mit violett schimmernden, abstehenden

Schuppen besetzt.

CO Genital (Fig. 17). Bedornte Verdickung der Gnathos rund. Dorsaler Valvenlappen

doppelt so lang wie hoch. Dorsalrand der Valve mit einer stark nach ventral gebogenen

Saeta. Sacculusdorn nach proximal gerichtet. Die 13 posterior leicht an Größe zuneh-

menden Cornuti befinden sind auf einer schlanken Basis. Juxta dorsal mit paariger,

deutlich erhabener Leiste. Phallusapodem doppelt so lang wie Juxta. Appendix des

Phallusapodems mit einer losen Basisschlaufe und einer zweimal gewundenen Spirale,

an deren Ende der Ductus ejaculatorus eine runde Öse bildet.

9 Genital (Fig. 37). Segment 8 eineinhalbmal so lang wie breit. Ostium befindet

sich ım anterioren Bereich von Segment 8 und ist halb so breit wie dieses. Bedornter

Teil des Ductus bursae zweimal so lang wie Antrum. Media lamina ragt um die Länge

des bedornten Teiles des Ductus bursae aus diesem heraus. Signum hakenförmig, mit

halbkreisförmiger Basisplatte.

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 121-172 145

Fig. 31-36. Q Genital. 31. C. deauratella, (prep. Stb. 920). 32. C. basimaculella, (prep. Stb. 1685). 33. C.

trifolii, (prep. Stb. 2656). 34. C. tunisiae sp. n., Paratypus (prep. Stb. 2081). 35. C. pustulosa, (prep. Stb.

1873). 36. C. leucostoma, Syntypus (prep. Rasmussen 4740).

Differenzialdiagnose. Coleophora cuprariella ist aufgrund der geringen Größe und

den Fühlermerkmalen mit keiner bekannten Coleophora-Art zu verwechseln.

Lebensweise. Die Falter fliegen im April.

Anmerkung. C. cuprariella wurde durch Lienig & Zeller (1846) erstmalig in der Dif-

ferenzialdiagnose der C. deauratella erwähnt und durch das Benennen von Fühler-

146 STUBNER: The Coleophora frischella species group

merkmalen als neue Art beschrieben. Die Beschreibung der C. cuprariella Zeller, 1847

a: 36-37 hat daher keine Priorität.

Bei der von Toll (1962: 651-652, Taf. 8K, Fig. 77-78, Taf. 23A, Fig. 90-91, Taf. 10M,

Fig. 68, Taf. 8W, Fig. 56) abgebildeten ,,C. cuprariella“ handelt es sich um C. alcyo-

nipennella.

Da sich C. cuprariella durch einfarbig glanzend braune, bis zu einem Drittel mit vio-

lettglanzenden Schuppen stark verdickte Fühler deutlich von C. alcyonipennella unter-

scheidet, ist die Synonymie mit jener nicht zu halten.

Coleophora metallicella Fuchs, 1903, ist ein jiingeres, primäres Homonym von

Coleophora metallicella Hodgkinson, 1892 (jüngeres Synonym von Coleophora ser-

ratella (Linnaeus, 1761)). Der Ersatzname ist Coleophora fuchsiella Oudejans, 1971.

C. metallicella wurde ausschließlich nach äußeren Merkmalen beschrieben und dabei

mit C. cuprariella verglichen (Fuchs 1903: 11). Allerdings gibt es keine Beschreibungen

der Genitalien und das Typenmaterial dieser aus Armenien beschriebenen Art gilt als

vernichtet (Horn et al. 1990: 129). Der durch Fuchs in der Differenzialdiagnose benann-

te Unterschied zu C. cuprariella ,,verschieden durch viel breitere Vorderfliigel und die

violettblaue Spitze“ ist durch unterschiedliche Geschlechter oder Erhaltungszustände

der Falter erklärbar. Um taxonomisch Klarheit zu schaffen, wird hier für C. metallicella

ein Neotypus festgelegt.

Coleophora fuscicornis Lienig & Zeller, 1846 (Fig. 18, 38, 56)

Coleophora fuscicornis Lienig & Zeller, 1846: 295. Typenfundort: Türkei, Carajasu (Zeller 1847 a: 37).

Material. Coleophora fuscicornis © Holotype (durch Monotypie): „Coleophora | fuscicornis Lw. | Is.

1847. 37. | Carajasu 11/4 42. lif. 91.“, ,, Type“, „B.M. Genitalia slide S | No. 2294“, [drawer labels: „Type“,

„Holo- | type“, „Zeller Coll. | Walsingham | Collection | B.M. 1910-427.“ BMNH.

Syrien: 10 ohne Datum, coll. Heinitz (prep. Stb. 1073) MTD. Israel: 20°, 19 Tabgha, Tiberia, März 1930,

Amsel leg. (prep. Toll 11, 13) (prep. Stb. 1802), UMB. 20° Tel Aviv, 15.11.1925, Bodenheimer leg. (prep.

Stb. 1882, 2267) NMW.

Beschreibung. Vorderflügel der S einfarbig, matt, bronzefarben oder kupferrot, 9,0—

10,5 mm lang, 9 basal messingfarben bis rôtlich violett im terminalen Bereich, 6,5 mm

lang. Hinterfliigel und Fliigelunterseiten hellbraun. Kopf und Thorax gelbmetallisch

beschuppt. Palpen hellgrau. Augenhinterrand mit abstehender, hellgelber, grannenför-

miger Schuppenreihe. Fiihler hellbraun. Fühlerbasis beim Männchen ein Fiinftel mit

enganliegenden stahlblauen Schuppen bedeckt, bei weiblichen Tieren zwei Fünftel der

Fühlerbasis mit abstehenden stahlblauen Schuppen besetzt.

CO Genital (Fig. 18). Bedornte Verdickung der Gnathos tropfenförmig. Dorsaler

Valvenlappen doppelt so lang wie hoch. Dorsalrand der Valve mit starker, gebogener

Saeta. Sacculusdorn nach posterior gerichtet. Die 10 nach posterior an Größe zunehmen-

den Cornuti befinden sind auf einer Basisplatte. Juxta dorsal mit paariger, deutlich er-

habener Leiste. Phallusapodem eineinhalbmal so lang wie Juxta. Appendix des Phallus-

apodems mit drei unregelmäßigen Basisschlaufen; eine Spirale ist nicht vorhanden.

9 Genital (Fig. 38). Segment 8 etwa so lang wie breit. Ostium befindet sich an der

Basis von Segment 8 und ist ein Drittel so breit wie dieses. Bedornter Teil des Ductus

bursae kiirzer als Antrum. Media lamina ragt um ein Drittel der Lange des bedornten

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 121-172 147

Fig. 37-42. 9 Genital. 37. C. cuprariella stat. rev., (prep. Stb. 2078). 38. C. fuscicornis, (prep. Toll 13).

39. C. amethystinella stat. rev., (prep. Toll 24). 40. C. fuscoaenea, (prep. Stb. 1777). 41. C. mayrella,

(prep. Stb. 1440). 42. C. paramayrella, Paratypus (pep. Nel 0503).

Teils des Ductus bursae aus diesem heraus. Signum hakenförmig mit halbkreisformiger

Basisplatte.

Differenzialdiagnose. C. fuscicornis ist in beiden Geschlechtern nach äußeren Merk-

malen nicht von C. fuscoaenea zu trennen, unterscheidet sich im männlichen Genital

von C. fuscoaenea durch das Fehlen der Spiralstruktur im Appendix des Phallusapo-

dems sowie im weiblichen Genital durch den bedornten Teil des Ductus bursae, der bei

C. fuscicornis kürzer ist als das Antrum, bei C. fuscoaenea hingegen fünfmal so lang

ist wie das Antrum.

148 STUBNER: The Coleophora frischella species group

Lebensweise. In Israel fliegen die Falter im März, weiter nördlich wahrscheinlich et-

was später ım Jahr.

Verbreitung. Türkei, Syrien, Israel.

Anmerkung. C. fuscicornis wurde durch Lienig & Zeller (1846: 295) erstmalig in

der Differenzialdiagnose der C. deauratella erwähnt und durch das Benennen von

Fühlermerkmalen als neue Art beschrieben. Die Beschreibung der C. fuscicornis bei

Zeller (1847 a: 37) als neue Art hat keine Priorität. Bei der durch Emmet et al. (1975:

259-266) als neu fiir GroBbritannien gemeldeten C. fuscicornis handelt es sich um

C. amethystinella.

Coleophora amethystinella Ragonot, 1885 stat. rev. (Fig. 19, 39, 57)

Coleophora amethystinella Ragonot, 1885: 181. Typenfundort: Frankreich, Cannes.

= Coleophora metallica Toll, 1961: 279-280, Fig. 1-3. Typenfundort: Israel, Tabgha, Tiberias.

Material. Coleophora amethystinella Lectotypus © (festgelegt durch Baldizzone 1979 a: 76): ,,Coleo-

C. metallica Paratypus: 10 Mazedonien, Dremovo bei Kavadar, 20.-30.v.1967, Kasy leg. (prep. Toll

5688), NMW.

Portugal: 30° Algarve, Serra de Monchique, 6 km S Monchique, 350 m, 1.-6.1v.2005, Hviid leg. (prep.

Stb. 2103, 2268), ZMUC. Spanien: 10 Andalusien, Marabella, Casa y Campo, 100 m, 2.iv.1972, Traugott-

Olsen leg. (prep. Rasmussen 4716); Frankreich: 19 La Turbie p. Nico, 6.—9.v.1962, Klimesch leg. (prep.

Stb. 2109) ZSM. Mazedonien: 2© (etikettiert: ‘Paratypus Coleophora attica Toll’), (prep. Toll 25, 33),

ZMHB. Griechenland: | 9 Attica, (bestimmt als C. melilotella Scott, und etikettiert als Typus von C. atti-

cae Toll), (prep. Toll 24), ZMHB; 10 Pr. Kavala-Pangeongeb. bei Galipsos, 17.1v.2004, Lichtmannecker

leg., coll. Stübner (prep. Stb. 1869). 10° Hellas, Lakonia, 5 km s. Monemvasia, 2.1v.1983, Skule leg. (prep.

Stb. 2083), ZMUC. Türkei: 19, 19 Smyrna (etikettiert als Paratypus von C. atticae Toll), (prep. Toll 26,

30) ZMHB. Irak: 29 Abu Ghraib, 4.111.1956, 9.vii.1958, Remane leg. (prep. de Lattin 2862, Stb.2069),

ZFB. Marokko: 19 Azrou-Ifrane area, 1400-2000 m, 17.-19.v1.1989; 19 Asni area, 1100-1400 m,

8.-10.1v.1989, Zool. Mus. Copenh. Exp. (prep. Bldz. 10818, 10822) ZMUC.

Beschreibung. Vorderfiügel S dunkelgrün metallischglanzend, terminal mit leich-

tem violetten Schimmer, 7,0-8,5 mm lang; Q basal grünlich bronzefarben bis rötlich

violett im terminalen Bereich, 6,5—7,0 mm lang. Hinterflügel und Flügelunterseiten

hellbraun. Kopf und Thorax griinmetallisch glanzend, beschuppt. Palpen hellgrau.

Augenhinterrand mit abstehender, orangegelber, grannenförmigen Schuppenreihe.

Fühler dunkelbraun. Fühlerbasis beim Männchen auf einem Drittel enganliegend mit

stahlblauen Schuppen bedeckt.

CO Genital (Fig. 19). Bedornte Verdickung der Gnathos tropfenförmig. Dorsaler

Valvenlappen doppelt so lang wie hoch. Am Dorsalrand der Valve ist eine starke, gebo-

gene Saeta. Sacculus dorsal mit nach posterior gerichtetem Dorn und am Ventralrand

ein oder zwei verdickte, längere Saetae. Die 5-6 nach posterior an Größe zunehmenden

Cornuti befinden sich auf einer Basisplatte. Juxta dorsal mit paariger, deutlich erhabener

Leiste. Phallusapodem zweimal so lang wie Juxta. Appendix des Phallusapodems mit

drei unregelmäßigen Basisschlaufen.

Q Genital (Fig. 39). Segment 8 etwa so lang wie breit. Ostium befindet sich im

anterioren Drittel von Segment 8 und ist ein Drittel so breit wie dieses. Bedornter Teil

des Ductus bursae doppelt so lang wie Antrum. Media lamina ragt um ein Drittel der

Lange des bedornten Teils des Ductus bursae aus diesem heraus. Ductus bursae mit

einer Schlaufe, die mit feinen Dornen besetzt ist. Signum hakenförmig mit halbkreis-

förmiger Basisplatte.

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 121-172 149

Fig. 43-46. 9 Genital. 43. C. pseudofuscoaenea sp. n., Paratypus (prep. Baldizzone 9782). 44. C. ale-

ramica Sp. n., Paratypus (prep. Stb. 2228). 45. C. hieronella, (prep. Stb. 1678). Fig. 46. Q Genital. C.

variicornis, (prep. Stb. 1804).

Differenzialdiagnose. C. amethystinella wurde durch Baldizzone (1979 a: 76-77, Fig.

38-41) nach einem Genitalfoto des Holotypus von C. fuscicornis mit dieser synonymi-

siert, unterscheidet sich jedoch durch folgende Merkmale: Die Vorderflügel der C. ame-

thystinella sind grün metallisch glänzend, die der C. fuscicornis stets einfarbig bronze

oder kupferrot gefärbt. Im männlichen Genital unterscheidet sich C. amethystinella nur

150 STUBNER: The Coleophora frischella species group

durch die am Ventralrand des Sacculus befindlichen auffalligen Saetae, welche bei C.

fuscicornis fehlen. Der bedornte Teil des Ductus bursae im weiblichen Genital ist bei C.

amethystinella doppelt so lang wie das Antrum, bei C. fuscicornis jedoch kürzer als das

Antrum. Daher wird C. amethystinella stat. rev. hier wieder als Art angesehen.

Lebensweise. Die bei Emmet & Uffen (1975) unter C. fuscicornis abgebildeten

Genitalien stimmen mit C. amethystinella überein. Daher ist davon auszugehen, dass

die dortige Angabe, wonach die Präimaginalstadien in den Samenständen an Vicia te-

trasperma leben, auf C. amethystinella zutreffen.

Verbreitung. Mittelmeergebiet von Portugal bis Irak.

Anmerkungen. C. metallica wurde durch Baldızzone (1979 b: 122) basierend auf

der Untersuchung des einzigen Paratypus (siehe oben) mit C. fuscicornis synonymi-

siert. Schon ın der Originalbeschreibung bildet Toll (1961: 281, Fig. 3) lediglich das

Genital dieses Paratypus ab, wonach C. metallica allerdings mit C. amethystinella

übereinstimmt und deshalb hier zu dieser gestellt wird. Allerdings erscheinen Zweifel

berechtigt, ob der Holotypus mit dem Paratypus tiberhaupt conspezifisch ist. In der

Originalbeschreibung der C. metallica erwähnt Toll (1961: 279): „weiterhin ist das

Flagellum weiß und hellbraun geringelt*, welches nicht auf den Paratypus zutrifft.

Der Holotypus von C. metallica (©, durch ursprüngliche Festlegung, mit den Angaben:

Palästina, Tabgha, Tiberias, iii.1930, H. G. Amsel leg.) konnte am Deutschen Ubersee-

Museum Bremen, wo er laut Originalbeschreibung aufbewahrt sein soll, nicht gefunden

werden. Eine dort befindliche Falterserie mit den Daten “Tabgha (Pal), Tıberia, März

1930, H. Amsel leg.’ enthält 20°, 19 der C. fuscicornis sowie 100°, 19 der C. fuscoae-

nea, jedoch ist keines dieser Tiere als Holotypus von C. metallica gekennzeichnet.

Coleophora fuscoaenea Toll, 1952 (Fig. 20, 40, 58)

Coleophora fuscoaenea Toll, 1952a: 27, Taf. 3 Fig. 20. Typenfundort: Israel, Tabgha, Tiberias.

Material. Coleophora fuscoaenea Holotypus © (durch ursprüngliche Festlegung und Monotypie):

coaenea | Toll | Gr. v. Toll det.”, ISZP. — 10, Tabgha, Tiberias, März 1930, Amsel leg., (prep. Toll 2691)

(etikettiert als Paratypus) ISZP. 109, 19 Israel, Tabgha, Tiberias, 111.1930, Amsel leg. (prep. Toll 10, 12)

(prep. Stb. 1775, 1776; 1777, 1778,.2232) UMB. 60, 49 Ägypten, Kahira—Gezira, 17.11.1971, 19., 27.,

31.11... 3,9.1972, 19 Kahira, Garden City, 19.11.1972, Zouhar leg. (prep. Stb. 1671, 1672, 1725) ZSM.

Beschreibung. Vorderflügel der Männchen matt bronzefarben, 6,5—9,0 mm lang, der

Weibchen basal messingfarben bis rötlich violett im terminalen Bereich, 6-7 mm lang.

Hinterflügel und Flügelunterseiten hellbraun. Kopf und Thorax gelbmetallisch be-

schuppt. Palpen hellgrau. Augenhinterrand mit abstehender, gelber, grannenförmiger

Schuppenreihe. Fühler braun mit aufgehellter Spitze. Erstes Fühlerbasisglied vent-

ral abstehend, stahlblau beschuppt. Beim Männchen ein Fünftel mit eng anliegenden

stahlblauen Schuppen bedeckt, bei weiblichen Tieren zwei Fünftel der Fühlerbasis mit

abstehenden, stahlblauen Schuppen besetzt.

C Genital (Fig. 20). Bedornte Verdickung der Gnathos tropfenförmig, zur Basis

spitz. Dorsaler Valvenlappen dreimal so lang wie hoch. Dorsalrand der Valve mit kreis-

förmig gebogener Saeta. Dorsocaudales Ende des Sacculus mit nach proximal gerich-

tetem, schlanken, zahnförmigen Fortsatz. Die 6-7 Cornuti auf einer Basisplatte sind

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 121-172

Phallusapodem

sklerotisiate

Leiste

sackartige

Erweiterung

spiralförmiger Appendix

des Phallusapodems

Endotheca

Annulus Juxta

= |

Diaphragma

basale

Schlaufe

Ductus

ejaculatorius

Phallus

Fig. 47-48. Phallus mit Phallusapodem, Appendix und Juxta. 47. C. frischella. 48. C. alcyonipenella.

kurz und gedrungen, werden nach posterior schlanker und länger. Juxta dorsal mit paa-

riger, deutlich erhabener Leiste. Phallusapodem zweieinhalbmal so lange wie Juxta.

Appendix des Phallusapodems mit einer Basisschlaufe und einer neunmal gewundenen

Spirale, an deren Ende der Ductus ejaculatorus eine runde Öse bildet.

152 STÜBNER: The Coleophora frischella species group

Q Genital (Fig. 40). Segment 8 annähernd so lang wie breit. Ostium befindet sich

am anterioren Rand von Segment 8 und ist ein Drittel so breit wie dieses. Bedornter

Teil des Ductus bursae ist fiinfmal so lang wie das Antrum. Media lamina ragt um zwei

Drittel der Lange des bedornten Teiles des Ductus bursae aus diesem heraus.

Ductus bursae mit sechs Schlaufen, die zwei posterioren Schlaufen beinhalten das pro-

ximale Ende des bedornten Teils des Ductus bursae und der daraus herausragenden

Media lamina. Signum groß, hakenförmigig, mit halbkreisförmiger Basisplatte.

Lebensweise. Die Falter fliegen im Marz und April.

Differenzialdiagnose. Im weiblichen Genital ähnelt C. fuscoaenea der C. trifolii. Sie

unterscheiden sıch jedoch durch die Breite des Ostiums, welche bei C. fuscoaenea ein

Drittel und bei €. trifolii die Hälfte der Breite von Segment 8 ausmacht.

Anmerkung. Die durch Baldizzone (1982: 208, Fig. 4-5; 1997: 223-224, 243, Fig.

31-33.) erwähnten C. fuscoaenea werden in der vorliegenden Arbeit der C. pseudo-

fuscoaenea sp. n. zugeordnet. Die Abb. 31 bei Baldizzone (1997) stimmt nicht mit der

angegebenen Präparatenummer PG Bldz 9782 überein.

Coleophora mayrella (Hübner, 1813) (Fig. 3, 21, 41, 59)

Tinea mayrella Hübner, 1813: 4, Taf. 47 Fig. 322. Typenfundort: Europa.

= Phalaena (Tinea) fabriciella Villers, 1789: 527. Jüngeres primäres Homonym zu Phalaena (Tinea)

fabriciella Swederus, 1787.

= Porrectaria spissicornis Haworth, 1828: 537. Typenfundort: Großbritannien. Zeller 1849: 201 (Syn.).

= Elachista (Ornice) trochilipennella Costa, 1836: 296, Taf. 3 Fig. 6. Typenfundort: Italien, Camaldoli

bei Neapel.

= Coleophora coruscipennella Clemens, 1860: 4. Typenfundort: Nicht angegeben; USA, Pennsyl-

vania, Easton (erwähnt bei Hodges 1986: 36). Zeller 1873: 311 (Syn. von C. fabriciella).

= Coleophora aeneusella Chambers, 1874: 128. Typenfundort: USA, Kentucky. Baldizzone et al.

2006: 80 (Syn.).

= Coleophora auropurpuriella Chambers, 1874: 130. Typenfundort: Großbritannien, London; Kanada,

Ontario. Chambers 1875: 124 (Syn. von. C. coruscipennella).

= Damophila moldaviella Nemes, 2004: 9. Typenfundort: Rumänien, Tazlsu. Baldizzone, 2005: 127

(Syn.).

Material. Coleophora mayrella Neotypus (hiermit festgelegt): &, “NEOTYPUS”, “Bav. mer. Fr. |

Garchinger | Heide 22.5.34 | L. Osthelder leg.”, “Coleophora | spissicornnis Hw. | det. J. Klimesch”,

Deutschland: 90° Brandenburg, Jänschwalde/Ost & Kraftwerk, 1., 14.vi1.1996, 13.v11.1999, 8.,21.v11.2003,

2.v11.2004, 22., 25.vi., 13.vii.2005, leg. et coll. Stübner (prep. Stb. 862, 863, 1540, 1721). 10° Oberlausitz,

Zittau, Ostritz, Steinberg, 27.vii.2005, leg. et coll. Wauer (prep. Stb. 2217). 10° Lömischau, 11.v11.1916,

leg. Starke, (prep. Stb. 928); 19 Dresden, Coswig, 2.vii.1940 (prep. Stb. 1475); 1Q Bautzen, 20.vi.1910,

Starke leg. (prep. Stb. 929), MTD. 19 Hiddensee, NSG Dornbusch, 26. vi.—1.vii.1973, Gaedike et Dahlke

leg. (prep. Stb. 1427); 19 Umg. Jena, 25.vi.1960, Nicolaus leg. (prep. Stb. 1430) DEI. 19 Saarland, Horn

Sanddorf, NSG Closenbruch, 30.vi.2006, leg. et coll. Werno (prep. Stb. 2412). 1Q Südbayern, Inning/

Ammersee, Ampermoos, 550 m, 13.vi.1970, Speckmeier leg. (prep. Stb. 1452); 20° Pfalz, Neustadt,

16.v11.1963, 6.vi1.1971, Roesler leg. (prep. Stb. 1688, 1695); 19, 19 Südbayern, Ismaningen Moos,

30.v.1925, Osthelder leg. (prep. Stb. 2670) ZSM. 20°, 19 Bayern, Traunstein, Grassau Moosen & Übersee,

Achendamm, 19.vi., 10.v11.1995, 7.vii.1996, leg. et coll. Segerer. Tschechien: 10° Bohemia, Mackov

(Blatne), 3.v11.1961, Zouhar leg. (prep. Stb. 1431) DEI. 10° Südböhmen, Zablati, Felshang östl. Kratusin,

16.v11.2005, leg. et coll. Seliger. Osterreich: 1S Warscheneck 1500 m, 18.v11.1943, Klimesch (prep.

Stb. 1445); 10° Nordtirol, Brandenberg bei Kramsach, 900 m, 13.vi.1971, Speckmeier leg. (prep. Stb.

1451), ZSM. 19 Graz, 24.v.1906, coll. Möbius (prep. Stb. 930), MTD. 19 Lunz., Lunzbauer, Sauruck.,9.

vi.1912 (prep. Stb. 1791), UMB. 10° Osttirol, Nörsach, Rabantberg, Felshang 630 m, 30.v.2001, Deutsch

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 121-172 153

Fig. 49-50. Phallus mit Phallusapodem, Appendix und Juxta. 49. C angustiorella. 50. C. deauratella.

leg. (prep. Stb. 2265), TLMF. 19 Pötzleinsdorf, 2.vii.1908, Zerny leg., NMW. Schweiz: 20 Zermatt,

Edelweiss, 2000 m, 1.-24.v11.1935, Amsel leg. (prep. Stb. 1795), UMB. 10° Oberwallis, Erschmatt, ca.

1200 m, 20.-22.v11.2002, leg. et coll. Wittland. Italien: 79, 19 Süditalien, Provinz Salerno, Laurino,

500m, 19., 21.v.1979, 1. vi.1990, 14.vi.1994, Speckmeyer leg. (prep. Stb. 1435, 1448, 1449, 1453, 1454);

19 Aosta, Cogne-Valnonte, 800m, 10.vii.1961, Klimesch leg. (prep. Stb. 1440); 19 Aosta, Cogne-Moline,

154 STUBNER: The Coleophora frischella species group

1700 m, 16.vii.1961, Klimesch leg. (prep. Stb. 1682) ZSM. 19 S.-Tirol, Gomagoi, 30.vi.1984, Gielis leg.,

coll. H. v. d. Wolf (prep. Stb. 1491). 19 Abruzzo, Barrea, cmp.Genziana, 5.-10.v.2001, leg. et coll. H. v.

d. Wolf (prep. Stb. 1476). 19 Sardinien, Aritzo, 7.v11.1936, Amsel leg. (prep. Stb. 1783); 20° Gomagoi,

Stilfser Joch, 16.-30.vi.1928, Amsel leg. (prep. Stb. 1806), UMB. 10 Südtirol, Ritten, Obergriinwald, 1750

m, 15.vii.1993, Huemer leg. (prep. Stb. 1889) TLMF. 19 Piemonte, Domodossola, Valle di Antrona, Alpe

Cheggio, 2000 m, 12.v11.1980, Schnack leg. (prep. Stb. 2233) ZMUC. Frankreich: 19 Pyrenäen, Osséja,

1400 m, 14.vi.1978, leg. et coll. v. d. Wolf (prep. Stb. 1487). 19, 19 Corsica, Bocognano, vi.1905, coll.

Leonhard (prep. Stb.1428, 1429) DEI. 10 Provence, Domaine de Maure Vieil, 27.v.2004, Hendriksen leg.

(prep. Stb. 2097), ZMUC. Spanien: 29 Andalusien, Prov. Malaga, Guadamina, 4., 15.vi.1980, Traugott-

Olsen leg. (prep. Stb. 1436, 2087) ZSM, ZMUC. 19 Huesca, Pto de Monrepos, 20.vi.1976 (prep. Stb.

1477); 19 Teruel, Sierra Alta, 1750m, 22.v1.1976 (prep. Stb. 1478); 10° Cuenca, Tragacete, 11.vii.1985,

Gielis leg. (prep. Stb. 1494); 10° Avila, Villatoro, 20.v11.1985, Gielis leg., coll. v. d. Wolf (prep. Stb. 1486).

19 Gerona, Bruguera by Ripol, 1700 m, 12.v11.1988, Fibiger leg., ZMUC. Slowenien: 1S SW part, 11 km

abowe Koniza, Stavrik Mts, 950 m, 30.v1.2003, Skule & Hviid leg. (prep. Stb. 2100), ZMUC. Mazedonien:

19 Vodna bei Skopje, 20.v1.1985, Kasy leg., NMW. Albanien: 40° Mali me Gropé, Livadhet e Selités, LF,

3.-8.vii.1961, Albanien-Exp. DEI (prep. Stb. 1456, 1457, 1461, 1462) DEI. 10° Borshi südl. Vlora, LF,

14.-27.v.1961, Albanien-Exp. DEI, (prep. Stb. 1458), DEI. Rumänien: 19 Siebenbürgen, Hermannstadt,

27.v.1918, Prall leg., NMW. Armenien: 19 40 km östl. Eriwan, Geghard, 1700 m, 26.—27.vii.1976, Kasy

& Wartian leg. (prep. Baldizzone 7467), NMW. 19 USA, Washington, Sedro Woolley, 70 m, 16.v1.2004,

Beck & Segerer leg., coll. Segerer. Kanada: 19 British Columbia, Golden, Columbia River Valley

(Auwald), 797 m, 26.v1.2004; 10° British Columbia, 100 Miles House, 100 Miles Demonstration Forest,

1101 m, 30.v1.2004, Beck & Segerer leg., coll. Segerer.

schimmer an der Basis bis violett im terminalen Bereich; 9 5,5—6,0 mm lang, kupfer-

farben bis violett im terminalen Bereich. Hinterflügel graubraun, schwach glänzend.

Fünftel der Fühlerlänge sowie beim 9 auf der basalen Hälfte der Fühlerlänge stahlblau

abstehend, verdickt, beschuppt. Antennen schwarz und weiß geringelt, mit hellgrauer

bis weißer Spitze. Kopf, Thorax und Palpen wie Vorderflügel gefärbt. Augenhinterrand

ohne farblich abgesetzter, grannenförmiger Schuppenreihe.

CS Genital (Fig. 21). Bedornte Verdickung der Gnathos klein, rund. Dorsaler Val-

venlappen doppelt so lang wie hoch. Dorsalrand der Valve mit hakenförmig gebogener

Saeta, welche die Länge des dorsalen Valvenlappens überragt. Sacculus ventrocaudal

mit einer auffälligen Saeta; sie ist etwa so groß wie jene am Dorsalrand der Valve,

jedoch nicht hakenförmig gebogen. Sacculusdorn lang, nach proximal gerichtet. Juxta

dorsal mit paariger, deutlich erhabener Leiste. Phallusapodem dreimal so lang wie

Juxta. 9 kurze Cornuti auf einer Basisplatte. Appendix des Phallusapodems mit einer

Basisschlaufe, einer viermal gewundener Spirale und einer Öse.

9 Genital (Fig. 41). Segment 8 eineinhalbmal so lang wie breit. Ostium befin-

det sich im anterioren Bereich von Segment 8 und ist ein Drittel so breit wie dieses.

Bedornter Teil des Ductus bursae dreimal so lang wie das Antrum; Media lamina ragt

um die Länge des bedornten Teils aus diesem heraus. Ductus bursae mit drei Schlaufen,

die mittlere ist mit feinen Dornen besetzt. Signum hakenförmig, mit halbkreisförmiger

Basisplatte.

Differenzialdiagnose. C. mayrella unterscheidet sich nach äußeren Merkmalen durch

die geringere Größe nur bedingt von C. paramayrella und C. pseudofuscoaenea sp. n..

Im männlichen Genital ist C. mayrella durch den proximal gerichteten, langen, zahn-

formigen Fortsatz des Sacculus leicht von C. paramayrella und C. pseudofuscoaenea

sp. n. zu unterscheiden, da deren proximal gerichteter Fortsatz stets kurz ist und eher

gedrungen wirkt. Im weiblichen Genital unterscheidet sich C. mayrella durch den be-

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 121-172 155

Fig. 51-52. Phallus mit Phallusapodem, Appendix und Juxta. 51. C. basimaculella. 52. C. trifolii.

dornten Teil des Ductus bursae, aus welchem die mediale Lamina lang, bei C. para-

mayrella kurz nach anterior herausragt, während diese Struktur bei C. pseudofuscoae-

nea Sp. n. nicht aus dem bedornten Teil herausragt. In seltenen Fallen kann C. mayrella

mit bis in die Spitze geringelten Fühlern auftreten (vgl. C. aleramic sp. n.).

156 STUBNER: The Coleophora frischella species group

Lebensweise. Die Falter konnten mehrfach am Tage an Trifolium repens beobachtet

werden. Einige Nachweise adulter Tiere stammen aus dem Monat Mai und deuten auf

eine erste, individuenschwache Generation hin, wohingegen die meisten Nachweise

von Faltern aus den Monaten Juni und Juli stammen und wahrscheinlich zu einer zwei-

ten Generation gehören.

Verbreitung. Europa, Armenien. Nach Nordamerika verschleppt (Landry & Wright

1093):

Anmerkung. C. mayrella wurde so oft fehlbestimmt, dass die Festlegung eines Neo-

typus zur eindeutigen Klärung des taxonomischen Status’ dieser Art notwendig ist.

Vom Lectotypus der Porrectaria spissicornis Haworth, 1828 (festgelegt von Bradley

1966: 133, aufbewahrt am UMO) lagen mir Digitalfotos vor. Diese zeigen, dass

Abdomen und Fühlerspitzen fehlen, womit eine eindeutige Zuordnung nicht möglich

ist. Allerdings ist aus Großbritannien nur eine Art mit geringelten Fühlern bekannt,

die an dem Typusexemplar noch sichtbar sind und daher erscheint die Zuordnung als

Synonym zu C. mayrella gerechtfertigt.

Coleophora paramayrella Nel, 1993 (Fig. 22, 42, 60)

Coleophora paramayrella Nel, 1993:213-217, Fig. 1, 2a, 3a, 4a, 5, 6 a, 7, 8b, 9b. Typenfundort: Frankreich,

Rougiers. |

Material. Coleophora paramayrella Holotypus (durch ursprüngliche Festlegung): S “HOLOTYPE”,

Italien: 19 Trento, Dintorni, 1.—10.vii.1945, Klimesch leg. (prep. Stb. 1441) ZSM. 1 Expl. ohne Abdomen,

Prov. Trient, Pomarolo (Savignano), 25.vi.1995, Huemer leg., TLMF. Mazedonien: 19 Matka, Treska—

Schlucht, 19.-29.v.1955, Klimesch leg. (prep. Stb. 1432), ZSM. Slowenien: 10° Podgorje Debeli hr., 480

m, 22.vi.1991, Habeler leg. (prep. Stb. 1888) TLMF. 19, 11 km above Koniza, Stavrik Mts, 950 m,

30.v1.2003, Skule & Hviid leg. (prep. Stb. 2101) ZMUC. Griechenland: 10 Ipiros, Konitsa area, below

Tymphi, 600-1000 m, 23.v.1994, Karsholt leg. (prep. Stb. 2088), ZMUC.

Basis bis violett im terminalen Bereich. Hinterflügel graubraun, schwach glänzend.

Unterseite aller Flügel wie Hinterflügeloberseite gefärbt. Kopf, Thorax und Palpen wie

Vorderflügelbasis gefärbt. Augenhinterrand ohne farblich abgesetzte grannenförmige

Schuppenreihe. Antennen schwarz weiß geringelt mit weißer Spitze. Fühlerbasis auf

der basalen Fühlerhälfte stahlblau abstehend, verdickt, beschuppt.

d Genital (Fig. 22). Bedornte Verdickung der Gnathos klein, rund. Dorsaler Val-

venlappen dreimal so lang wie hoch. Dorsalrand der Valve mit hakenförmig gebogener

Saeta; diese überragt nicht die Länge des dorsalen Valvenlappens. Sacculus ventrocau-

dal mit einer auffälligen Saeta; sie ist etwa so groß wie jene am Dorsalrand der Valve,

jedoch nicht hakenförmig gebogen. Sacculusdorn kurz, nach proximal gerichtet. Juxta

dorsal mit paariger, deutlich erhabener Leiste. Phallusapodem dreimal so lang wie Juxta.

Auf einer Basisplatte 6-7 etwa gleichgroße Cornuti. Appendix des Phallusapodems mit

einer Basisschlaufe und einer dreieinhalbmal gewundenen Spirale, an deren Ende der

Ductus ejaculatorus eine langgezogene Öse bildet.

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 121-172 19%

Fig. 53-54. Phallus mit Phallusapodem, Appendix und Juxta. 53. C. tunisiae sp. n. 54. C. pustulosa.

9 Genital (Fig. 42). Segment 8 eineinhalbmal so lang wie breit. Ostium befin-

det sich im anterioren Bereich von Segment 8 und ist ein Drittel so breit wie dieses.

Bedornter Teil des Ductus bursae doppelt so lang wie das Antrum; Media lamina ragt

um ein Viertel der Länge des bedornten Teils aus diesem heraus. Ductus bursae mit

158 STUBNER: The Coleophora frischella species group

einer Schlaufe, die mit feinen Dornen besetzt ist. Signum hakenförmig mit halbkreis-

förmiger Basisplatte.

Differenzialdiagnose. Siehe C. pseudofuscoanea.

Lebensweise. Die Larven ernähren sich von den Samenständen an Trifolium ochroleu-

con (Nel 1993). Die Falter fliegen im Mai und Juni.

Verbreitung. Südeuropa.

Anmerkung. Das in der Orginalbeschreibung von C. paramayrella Nel, 1993: Fig. 3c,

abgebildete männliche Genital der C. mayrella entspricht C. aleramica sp. n.

Coleophora pseudofuscoaenea Stübner sp. n. (Fig. 23, 43)

“Coleophora | pseudofuscoaenea n. sp. | det. Stübner 2007”. — Paratypus: 19 (Flügel missgebildet; mit

Puppensack) “Paratypus” “TUNISIA | 40 km W Jendouba | 17.v.1988 | Zool. Mus. Copenhagen Exp. ”,

“Coleophora | pseudofuscoaenea n. sp. | det. Stiibner 2007”, ZMUC.

glänzend. Hinterflügel dunkelbraun, schwach glänzend. Unterseite aller Flügel wie

Hinterflügeloberseite gefärbt. Kopf, Thorax und Palpen wie Vorderflügel gefärbt.

Augenhinterrand ohne farblich abgesetzte grannenförmige Schuppenreihe. Antennen

schwarz weiß geringelt mit weißer Spitze. Fühlerbasis auf zwei Fünftel der Fühlerlänge

stahlblau abstehend verdickt beschuppt.

SO Genital (Fig. 23). Bedornte Verdickung der Gnathos tropfenförmig, zur Basis

spitz. Dorsaler Valvenlappen doppelt so lang wie hoch. Dorsalrand der Valve mit

kreisförmig gebogener Saeta. Sacculusdorn kurz, nach proximal gerichtet. Sacculus

am Ventralrand mit verdickter, längerer Saeta. Juxta dorsal mit paariger, erhabener

Leiste. Phallusapodem doppelt so lange wie Juxta. Die 6 gedrungenen Cornuti auf einer

Basisplatte nehmen nach posterior an Länge zu.

9 Genital (Fig. 43). Segment 8 etwa so lang wie breit. Ostium befindet sich im

anterioren Bereich von Segment 8 und ist ein Drittel so breit wie dieses. Bedornter Teil

des Ductus bursae so lang wie das Antrum; Media lamina ragt nicht aus dem bedorn-

ten Teil heraus. Ductus bursae mit einer Schlaufe, die mit feinen Dornen besetzt ist.

Signum hakenförmig mit halbkreisförmiger Basisplatte.

Differenzialdiagnose. C. pseudofuscoaenea unterscheidet sich durch die größeren

Cornuti, die nach posterior deutlich länger werden, von C. paramayrella. Bei C. pseu-

dofuscoaenea ragt die Media lamina nicht aus dem bedornten Teil des Ductus bursae,

bei C. paramayrella ragt sie anterior deutlich hervor.

Lebensweise. Die Falter fliegen im Mai.

Verbreitung. Tunesien.

Derivatio nominis. Pseudo-falsch, beruhend auf der Verwechslung mit C. fuscoaenea.

Coleophora etrusca Baldizzone, 1990 (Fig. 24)

Coleophora etrusca Baldizzone, 1990 b: 198-201, Fig. 2-11. Typenfundort: Italien, Lazio.

Material. Paratypus: Türkei: 10 Taurus, 50 km N v. Tarsus, 19.v.1969, Kasy leg. (prep. Baldizzone

7518, Mus. Vind 13572), MNW.

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 121-172 159

Fig. 55-56. Phallus mit Phallusapodem, Appendix und Juxta. 55. C. cuprariella stat. rev.. 56. C. fus-

cicornis.

Beschreibung. Vorderfliigel von metallischhellgriin an der Basis bis rotviolett im

terminalen Bereich, stark glanzend, 5,0 mm lang. Hinterfliigel und Fliigelunterseiten

braun. Kopf, Thorax und Palpen griinmetallisch beschuppt. Augenhinterrand mit gelb-

er, grannenförmiger Schuppenreihe. Fühler braun und weiß geringelt mit weißer Spitze

(Vgl. Anmerkung!). Fühlerbasis auf einem Fünftel der Fühlerlänge abstehend stahlblau

beschuppt.

OS Genital (Fig. 24). Bedornte Verdickung der Gnathos eiförmig, zur Basis stumpf.

Dorsaler Valvenlappen viermal so lang wie hoch, zur abgerundeten Spitze hin an Höhe

leicht abnehmend. Die hakenförmig gebogene Saeta am Dorsalrand der Valve erreicht

die Länge des dorsalen Valvenlappens. Sacculus erreicht in dorsocaudaler Richtung

160 STUBNER: The Coleophora frischella species group

spitz zulaufend etwa die Mitte des dorsalen Valvenlappens. Juxta dorsal mit paariger,

deutlich erhabener Leiste. Die drei Cornuti befinden sich auf einer breiten Basisplatte.

©. Unbekannt.

Lebensweise. Die Falter fliegen im Mai und Juni.

Verbreitung. Italien, Türkei.

Anmerkung. Die Typenlokalität von C. efrusca ist Italien, Lazio, Monti della Tolfa,

dint. di Manziana, 380 m, doch setzt sich die Typenserie aus italienischen und türkischen

Tieren zusammen. Obgleich die Morphologie der Genitalien keine Unterscheidung der

italienischen und türkischen Tieren ermöglicht, weisen die italienischen Exemplare ei-

nen einfarbig dunklen Fühler auf, während die türkischen Exemplare braun und weiß

geringelte Fühler mit weißer Spitze besitzen.

Coleophora aleramica Baldizzone & Stübner sp. n. (Fig. 25, 44, 61)

(lux) G.Baldizzone”, coll. Bldz. —— Paratypi: Italien: 20° Piemonte, Asti Frazione, Valmanera, Oasi WWF,

130 m, 3.v1.2005 (lux), (prep. Bldz 13871, 13876); 10 10.v1.2006 (lux) (prep. Bldz 14096); 29 Piemonte,

Asti, Boschi di Valmanera, 150 m, 6.vi.1969, (prep. Bldz 14110); 1%, 19 Piemonte, Loazzolo (AT), Boschi

della Luja, 500 m, 13.v1.2002 (prep. Bldz 13155); 19 Piemonte, Cardona (AL), 300 m, 17.v1.1969, (prep.

Bldz 3216), all leg. et coll. Bldz. 30 (prep. Bldz 13252, 13253), 89 (prep. Bldz 12349), Basso Monferrato,

Odalengo Grande, Frazione, Monfavato, 450 m, 2.v.1999, leg. et coll. Bldz; 20°, 29, ibidem, but leg. et

coll. F. Pensati (Asti, Moransengo); 20°, ibidem, coll. J.-F.Landry, Ottawa; 29, ibidem, 1.v.2006, leg. et

coll. Bldz. 19 Piemonte, Moransengo (AT), Regione Bricco, 432 m, 25.iv.1999, leg. et coll. Pensati. 10°

Piemonte, Morano sul Po (AL), Ghiaia Grande, 120 m, 8.vi.1991(prep. Bldz 12402), leg. et coll. P. G.

Piemonte, Val Curone, San Sebastiano Curone, Localita Telecco, 7.v1.2006, (prep. Bldz 14078), leg. et

coll. Bldz. 19 Piemonte, Parco Naturale Regionale Capanne di Marcarolo, Cascina Cappellana, 450 m,

26.v.2006 (lux), (prep. Bldz 14081), C. Cabella leg., coll. Bldz. 19 Piemonte, Parco Naturale Regionale

Capanne di Marcarolo, Laghi della Lavagnina, 14.v.2004, (prep. Bldz 13587); 29, 19, ibidem, 20.v.2005,

(prep. Bldz 13868), leg. et coll. Bldz leg. 39 Piemonte, Parco Naturale Regionale Capanne di Marcarolo,

Capanne Inferiori (I Foi), 770 m, 31.v.2004, (prep. Bldz 13588); 19, ibidem, 4.v1.2004, leg. et coll. Bldz. 10

Piemonte, Parco Naturale Regionale Capanne di Marcarolo, Colle degli Eremiti (AL), 560 m, 10.v1.2002,

(prep. Bldz 13165), leg. et coll. Bldz. 10° Piemonte, Parco Naturale Regionale Capanne di Marcarolo,

localita Gli Olmi, 758 m, 10.vi.2004 (lux), (prep. Bldz 13586); 10°, ibidem, 15.vi.2004, leg. et coll. Bldz.

19, Piemonte, Parco Naturale Regionale Capanne di Marcarolo, Monte Poggio, 900 m, 16.vi.2004, (prep.

Bldz 13589), leg. et coll. Bldz. 19, Liguria, Testico (SV) 700 m, 2.vii.1983, (prep. Bldz 10989), (with

label: “Paratypus Coleophora paramayrella Nel’), leg. et coll. Bldz. 19, Liguria, Conna (SV), 300 m,

9.v1.1978 (lux), (prep. Bldz 3220), (with label: “Paratypus Coleophora paramayrella Nel”); 19, ibidem

(but not paratype), (prep. Bldz 10990); 79 (prep. Bldz 10998, J.N. 0951, 0952) 19 (prep. Bldz 10992),

ibidem, 29.v.1982, leg. et coll. Bldz. 19, Liguria (SV) Conna 300 m, prati di sopra, 24.v.1980, (prep.

Bldz 10994), leg. E.Jäckh, coll. Bldz. 50 (prep. Bldz 11543), 29 (prep. Bldz 11542), Liguria (SV) Conna

300 m, Ende V.1982, leg. E. Jäckh, coll. Bldz. 10° Verona, Monti Lessini, Trezzolano, 400 m, 1.vii.1977,

(prep. Bldz 3214), leg. Triberti, coll. Bldz. 29 Lazio, Riano Romano, 28.v.1938, (prep. Bldz 7351, 11051);

60 (prep. Bldz 13747, 13751), 29 (prep. Bldz 13744, 13750), Umbria, Orvieto, San Faustino (TR) 450

m, 22.v1.1974; 19 Lucania, Monte Vulture, Groticelle, 300-500 m, 4.vi.1966, (prep. Bldz 3209); 10

Lucania, Monte Vulture, dintorni Laghi di Monticchio, 750 m, 21.v.1966, (prep. Bldz 14136); 20°, ibidem,

same data, but 26.v.1966, (prep. Bldz 13745); 10°, ibidem, same data, but 6.vi.1966, (prep. Bldz 14130);

10, ibidem, same data, but 13.vi.1966, (prep. Bldz 14128); 10, ibidem, same data, but 20.vi.1966, all

leg. Hartig, coll. Bldz. 10 Sicilia, Monte Etna, m 350, San Giovanni La Punta, 13.1v.2003, (prep. Bldz

14023), leg. et coll. G.Marchese (Catania, San Giovanni La Punta). 10° Sicilia, Sant’ Agata, 3.vi.1934,

(prep. Bldz 9016); 10° Sicilia, Zappulla, 3.vi.1935, (prep. Bldz 9016), leg. et coll. Mariani (MRST). 1S

Ligurien, Noli (Savona), 21.-30.vi.1951, Klimesch leg. (prep. Stb. 1681), ZSM. 19 Latina, Gaeta, 21.v.—

2.v1.1967, Wolff leg. (prep. Rasmussen 3519) ZMUC. 10° Toscana, Umgeb. Volterra, 10.—16.v1.2006, leg.

Speckmeier leg., ZSM. Slovakia: 19, Trnovec nad Vahom-Vah, 12.v.2004, (prep. Bldz 14045), leg. et

coll. Tokar. Osterreich: 10 Graz, 11.v.1916, E. Möbius coll., (prep. Stb.927), MTD. Kroatien: 19 Insel

Krk, Umgebung Punat, 19.-23.v.2006 LF, leg. & coll. Wauer (prep. Stb 2646). 19, Isola Krk, Picik,

26.1v.2006, (prep. Bldz 14104), leg. et coll. Bldz. Montenegro: 310°, 309 SCG, Umgeb. Hercegnovi,

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 121-172 161

Fig. 57-58. Phallus mit Phallusapodem, Appendix und Juxta. 57. C. amethystinella stat. rev.. 58. C. fus-

coaenea.

13.-19. v. 2005, leg. & coll. Stiibner (prep. Stb. 2011, 2012, 2227, 2228). Mazedonien: 19 Ohrid 750 m,

4.v1.1970, Speckmeier leg. (prep. Stb. 1446); 10° Ochrid, Petrina plan., 17.-26. vi.1959, Klimesch leg.

(prep. Stb. 2229), ZSM. Griechenland: 69,29 Rhodos, Faliraki, 14., 15.1v.1983, 13., 15., 16., 20.1v.1985,

24.1v.1988, Klimesch leg. (prep. Stb. 1433, 1434, 1676, 1679, 1687, 1693, 1694, 1729) ZSM. 19 Corfu,

1903, Pag. leg. (prep. Stb. 1884) NMW. 19,19 Ipiros, Katara Pass, 15-1700 m, 24.-27.v.1994, Karsholt

leg. (prep. Stb. 2089, 2090); 19 Makedonia, Olympus Mts. S., 1000 m, 18.-19.v.1994, Karsholt leg.; 10

Achaia, Mt. Chelmos, 1600 m, 20.vi.1978, Christensen leg. (prep. Rasmussen 5148); 1 Peloponisos,

5 km S. Monemvasia, 10.iv.1984, Christensen leg., (prep. v. d. Wolf 5409); 10° Pelopönnisos, Taïyetos

Mts, 950-1800 m, 15.-19.v.1990; 19 Makedhonia, Thessalia, Olympos, 700-2100 m, 21.-26.v.1990,

Zool. Mus. Copenh. Exp., (prep. Stb. 2104); 29 Crete, Agia Pelagia, 22.iv.1995 und Heraklion, 150 m,

20.-26.1v.1995, Fibiger leg., (prep. Stb. 2105, 2108), ZMUC. Jordanien: 19 Djerrasch, Transjord.,

7.1v.1930, Amsel leg. (prep. Stb. 1786), UMB. Türkei: 10° 40 km NE Antalya, Road to Köprülü Kanyon,

162 STÜBNER: The Coleophora frischella species group

Nat. Park., ca. 200 m, 28.-29.1v.1993, Karsholt leg. (prep. Baldizzone 11487); 19 (prep. Bldz 11486), 19

Ankara, Kizilcahaman 20 km NW, 1200 m, 1.v11.1987, Fibiger leg. (prep. Baldizzone 11285), ZMUC.

lisch grün an der Basis über purpurn bis dunkelviolett im terminalen Bereich. Hinterfliigel

graubraun, schwach glänzend. Unterseite aller Flügel wie Hinterflügeloberseite gefärbt.

Kopf, Thorax und Palpen glanzend griinmetallisch beschuppt. Augenhinterrand ohne

farblich abgesetzte, grannenförmige Schuppenreihe. Fühler schwarz-weiß geringelt.

Fühlerbasis bei weiblichen Tieren bis zur Hälfte, bei männlichen Exemplaren zu zwei

Fünfteln mit violett schimmernden, abstehenden Schuppen besetzt.

S Genital (Fig. 25). Bedornte Verdickung der Gnathos rund. Dorsaler Valvenlappen

dreimal so lang wie hoch. Dorsalrand der Valve mit hakenförmig gebogener Saeta; di-

ese überragt nicht die Lange des dorsaler Valvenlappens. Sacculus ventrocaudal mit

auffälliger Saeta; sie ist etwa so groß wie jene am Dorsalrand der Valve, jedoch nicht

hakenförmig gebogen. Sacculusdorn kurz, nach proximal gerichtet. Die 7 Cornuti be-

finden sich auf einer schwach ausgebildeten Basisplatte. Die Lange der distal gerich-

teten Cornuti ist bis zur Mitte ansteigend, dann wieder kürzer werdend. Appendix des

Phallusapodems mit einer Basisschlaufe und einer viermal gewundenen Spirale, an

deren Ende der Ductus ejaculatorus eine runde Ose bildet.

9 Genital (Fig. 44). Das achte Tergit verjiingt sich posterior keilförmig und endet

in zwei abgerundeten Spitzen. Segment 8 annähernd so lang wie breit. Ostium befindet

sich im anterioren Bereich von Segment 8 und ist halb so breit wie dieses. Bedornter

Teil des Ductus bursae fast zweimal langer als Antrum; Median lamina ragt anterior

nicht tiber den bedornten Teil hinaus. Ductus bursae mit drei Schlaufen. Signums si-

chelförmig, mit kleinen Haken besetzt, an der abgerundeten Basisplatte befinden sich

zwei kleine Hocker.

Differenzialdiagnose. C. aleramica ist nach äußeren Merkmalen nicht von C. mayrella,

C. hieronella und C. variicornis zu unterscheiden. Im männlichen Genital unterscheidet

sich C. aleramica von C. mayrella und C. hieronella durch die makroskopische dorsale

Saeta der Valve, welche bei C. aleramica etwa so lang wie der dorsale Valvenlappen,

bei den anderen Arten aber deutlich länger ist und bei C. variicornis fehlt.

Von €. hieronella und C. variicornis unterscheidet sich C. aleramica durch das Fehlen

der basalen sklerotisierten Leiste der Cornuti-Gruppe sowie von C. mayrella durch den

distalen Fortsatz des Sacculus, welcher bei C. aleramica ein kurzer abgesetzter Dorn

und bei C. mayrella ein lang ausgezogener, nach proximad zeigender Dorn ist.

Von der genitaliter sehr ähnlichen C. paramayrella unterscheidet sich C. aleramica

durch ihre geringelte Fühlerspitze sowie im männlichen Genital durch den längeren

dorsalen Valvenlappen und die langeren Cornuti. Im weiblichen Genital unterscheidet

sich C. aleramica durch den bedornten Teil des Ductus bursae, aus welchem die me-

diale Lamina bei C. mayrella lang und bei C. paramayrella kurz anteriad herausragt,

während diese Struktur bei C. aleramica, C: hieronella und C. variicornis nicht aus

dem bedornten Teil des Ductus bursae herausragt. Die beiden letztgenannten Arten

unterscheiden sich von C. aleramica durch einen kürzeren bedornten Teil des Ductus

bursae, welcher etwa so lang ist wie das Antrum, während er bei C. mayrella, C. para-

mayrella und C. aleramica deutlich langer ist als das Antrum.

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 121-172 163

Fig. 59-60. Phallus mit Phallusapodem, Appendix und Juxta. 59. C. mayrella. 60. C. paramayrella

Lebensweise: Imagines der C. aleramica konnten mehrfach in der Abenddämmerung

an gelbblühenden 7rifolium sp. beobachtet werden.

Verbreitung. Mittel- und Südosteuropa, Kleinasien, Naher Osten.

Derivatio nominis. Der Name leitet sich ab von Aleramo (11. Jahrhundert), dem ersten

Marquise von Monferrato (seine Familie stammt aus Sachsen), einer historischen und

legendären Figur, deren Geschichte sehr romantisch ist. Mit dem Namen „aleramica/o“

bezeichnet man oft Dinge, Menschen, etc. der Monferrato-Region. Letztere umfasst

Asti und die umliegenden Berge, wo die meisten italienischen Exemplare gesammelt

wurden.

164 STUBNER: The Coleophora frischella species group

Coleophora hieronella Zeller, 1849 (Fig. 26, 45, 62)

Coleophora hieronella Zeller, 1849: 203. Typenfundort: Italien, Sizilien, Syracuse.

unique-desr.” “Holo- | type”, BMNH.

Portugal: 10° Algarve, Caldas de Monchique, 30.1v.1910, Jordan leg. (prep. Stb. 1885), NMW. 20 Algarve,

Serra de Monchique, 6 km S Monchique, 350 m, 1.-6.1v.2005, Hviid leg. (prep. Stb. 2102); 1S prov.

Alto-Alentejo, 6 km W-SW Estremoz, 200 m, 10.v.1997, Skou leg., ZMUC. Spanien: 19, 19 Chiclana,

iv.—v.1912, Korb leg. (prep. Toll 745, 2652), ISZP. 10° Andalusien, Provincia Malaga, Camino, de Ojen,

150 m, 17.1v.1980, Traugott-Olsen leg. (prep. Stb. 1437); 20° Huelva, El Rompido, 13.v.1981 (prep. Stb.

1479, 1726); 19 Huelva, Mazagon, 8.-10.1v.1994, van der Wolf leg. (prep. Stb. 1483); 19 Espana-Jaén,

Sierra Morena, Sta Elena, 10.v.1983, Wolschijn leg. (prep. Stb. 1481); 10° Almeria, Las Menas de Séron,

1500 m, 1.-2.v1.2003, van der Wolf leg. (prep. Stb. 1482); 10° Cordoba, Ventade Azuel, 17.v.1981 (prep.

Stb. 1484); 19 Malaga, Marbella, 5.v.1981 (prep. Stb. 1485); 10° Salamancha, Belena, 8.v.1979 (prep.

Stb. 1489); 19 Sevilla, Ronquillo, 15.v.1981 (prep. Stb. 1490); 10° Granada, 5 km north of Otivar, 600 m,

17.1v.1987, Coenen & de Prins leg.; 10° Granada, 2.v.1978, coll. v. d. Wolf (prep. Stb. 1492). 19 Mallorca,

Cala Ratjada, 25.v.1973, Klimesch leg. (prep. Stb. 1677), ZSM. 19 Mallorca, Lago Esperanza, 2 km s.

Alucida, 12.-19.v.1984, Olsen leg.; 10° Marbella, El Mirador, 26.iv.1970, 19 Andalucia, Sierra Blanca,

Rhonda-San Pedro, 1350 m, 25.v.1987, Traugott-Olsen leg., ZMUC. Frankreich: 10, 19 Korsika, Calvi,

12.-20.v.1967, Klimesch leg. (prep. Stb. 1444, 1678), ZSM. 10°, 19 Korsika, Ste Lucie de Porto Vecchio,

7., 11.v.1996, Huisman leg., coll. v. d. Wolf. 19 Korsika, Cargése, 0-30 m, 15.-16v.1999, Karsholt leg.

(prep. v. d. Wolf 8055); 10° Korsika, Gurgazu, 3 km NE of Bonifacio, 5 m, 9.-10.v.2004 (prep. Stb.

2093), ZMUC. Italien: 19, 19 Sizilien, Palermo, S. Martino d. Scale, 20.-31.v.1954, Klimesch leg.

Sardinien, Belvi Umg., 700 m, 12.v.1977, Hartig leg. (prep. Rasmussen 5058), 29 Sardinia, 4 km SW of

Fluminimaggiore, 250 m, 7.-8.1v.2002, Skou leg., 19 Isole Eolie, Lipari, 28.1v1979, ZMUC. Kroatien:

10 Istrien, Moscenice, 300 m, 5.vi.1970, Speckmeier leg. (prep. Stb. 1447), ZSM. Tunesien: 19, 19

Tabarka area, 7.-18.v.1988, Zool. Mus. Copenhagen Exp. (prep. Stb. 2085, 2086) ZMUC.

an der Basis bis violett im terminalen Bereich. Vorderflügel 9 5,5-6 mm lang, kupfer-

farben bis violett im terminalen Bereich. Hinterfliigel graubraun, schwach glänzend.

Unterseite aller Fliigel wie Hinterfliigeloberseite gefarbt. Kopf, Thorax und Palpen

wie Vorderflügel gefärbt. Augenhinterrand ohne farblich abgesetzte grannenförmige

Drittel der Fühlerlänge sowie beim 9 auf zwei Fünftel der Fühlerlänge stahlblau abste-

hend, verdickt, beschuppt.

C Genital (Fig. 26). Bedornte Verdickung der Gnathos klein, rund. Dorsaler Val-

venlappen doppelt so lang wie hoch. Dorsalrand der Valve mit hakenförmig gebogener

Saeta, welche die Länge des dorsalen Valvenlappens überragt. Sacculus ventrocau-

dal mit auffälliger Saeta; sie ist etwa so groß wie jene am Dorsalrand der Valve, je-

doch nicht hakenförmig gebogen. Sacculusdorn kurz, nach proximal gerichtet. Juxta

dorsal mit paariger, erhabener Leiste. Phallusapodem dreimal so lang wie Juxta. Die

7 Cornuti auf einer Basisplatte werden distal länger. Appendix des Phallusapodems mit

einer viermal gewundenen Spirale.

9 Genital (Fig. 45). Segment 8 eineinhalbmal so lang wie breit. Ostium befindet sich

im anterioren Bereich von Segment 8 und ist ein Drittel so breit wie dieses. Apophysis

anteriores reicht anterior bis zur Mitte des bedornten Teils des Ductus bursae. Letzterer

ist etwa so lang wie das Antrum; Median lamina ragt anterior nicht aus dem bedornten

Teil heraus. Ductus bursae mit einer Schlaufe, diese ist mit feinen Dornen besetzt.

Signum hakenförmig mit halbkreisförmiger Basisplatte.

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 121-172 165

Fig. 61-62. Phallus mit Phallusapodem, Appendix und Juxta. 61. C. aleramica sp. n. 62. C. hieronella.

Differenzialdiagnose. C. hieronella ist der C. variicorns sehr ahnlich, unerscheidet

sich jedoch im männlichen Genital durch die am Dorsalrand der Valve befindliche

Saeta, welche bei C. variiconis stets fehlt. Im weiblichen Genital ist C. hieronella durch

166 STUBNER: The Coleophora frischella species group

die kürzeren Apophyses anteriores, welche anterior nur bis zur Mitte, bei C. variicornis

jedoch bis zum Vorderrand des bedornten Teils des Ductus bursae reichen.

Lebensweise. Nel & Varenne (1995: 107-108) geben als Futterpflanze der Larven

Trifolium angustifolium an, doch zeigt das im gleichen Artikel abgebildete männliche

Genital nicht C. hieronella sondern C. variicornis.

Verbreitung. Nordafrika, Südeuropa.

Coleophora variicornis Toll, 1952 (Fig. 4, 27, 46, 63)

Coleophora variicornis Toll, 1952a: 28, Fig. 21. Typenfundort: Türkei, Amasia. Nuss & Stübner 2003:

29-31, Fig. 1-3, 6, 7 (bona sp.).

Material. Coleophora variicornis Holotypus (durch ursprüngliche Festlegung): & “Holotypus”,

Gr. v. Toll det.” ZMHB. Paratypus 1 Expl. ohne Abdomen, Amasia, ISZE.

Deutschland: 429, 19 Brandenburg, Jänschwalde/Ost & Kraftwerk 2.vi11.1996, 16., 26.vi.1998, 28.vi.,

13.vii.1999, 11.vi., 1.vüi., 1.v111.2000, 29.vi., 1., 3., 23.v11.2001,-13., 15., 16., 17., 22., 23.vi.2002, 14.vi.,

7., 14.v11.2003, 23.vi., 3., 4., 5., 6., 8., 12., 24.vi1.2004, 22., 23., 25.vi., 15.vii.2005, Stübner leg. (prep.

Stb. 362, 860, 1081, 1082, 1406, 1407, 1541, 1723, 1868), Stb. & MTD. 19 Brandenburg, Döberitzer

Heide, 22.v1.2002, Theimer leg. (prep. Stb. 1804); 5Q Brandenburg, Umgeb. Zossen, 7.-8.vii 1995,

15.v1.1999, 29.v1.2001, Theimer leg., coll. Stübner. 19 Potsdam-Wilhelmshorst, 10.vii.1943, coll. Ernst

(prep. Stb. 925), MTD. 10° Oberlausitz, Burg bei Hoyerswerda, südl. Schwarze Pumpe, 26.v1.1998, leg. et

coll. Wauer (prep. 2216). Polen: 10° Poznan-Rusatka, UMT XU 21, 20.vi.1995, Rynarzewski leg. (prep.

Stb. 2091), ZMUC. Frankreich: 1S Provence, Domaine de Maure Vieille, 10.v.2002, Hendriksen leg.

(prep. Stb. 2098), ZMUC. Italien: 19 Lucania, Vulture, Val d’Ofanto, 20.-30.1v.1966, Klimesch leg.

(prep. Stb. 1443), ZSM. 19 Norditalien, Albisano, 300 m, E.6.1968, Zürnbauer leg. (prep. Stb. 1890),

TLMF. Kroatien: 19 Dalmatien, Umgebung Gravosa, 15.-31.v.1939, Klimesch leg. (prep. Stb. 1442,

1689), ZSM. 29 Zengg, 19.v.1917, ohne Datum, (prep. Stb. 1785, 1788); 19 Mosta r. T., 16.v.[19]17

(prep. Stb. 1787) UMB. 19 Insel Krk, Umgebung Punat, 19.-23.v.2006, leg. et coll. Wauer (prep. Stb

2647). Mazedonien: 20 Matka, Treska—Schlucht, 19.-29.v.1955, Klimesch leg. (prep. Stb. 1438, 1691);

19 Ohrid Umgebung, 700 m, 12.vi.1953, Thurner leg. (prep. Stb. 1683), ZSM. Albanien: 19 Borschi,

südl. Vlora, 14.-27.v.1961, Albanien-Exp. DEI (prep. Stb. 1455), DEI. 10 Kula Ljums, 7.—14.vi.[19]18,

Alban. Exped. (prep. Stb. 1886), NMW. Bulgarien: 19 Pirin, Liljanovo, 800 m, 26.v.—21.vi.1981, Eichler

leg., coll. DEI. Griechenland: 10 Delfi, Parnassas, 500 m, 28.-30.1v.1980, Cox leg., coll. van der Wolf

(prep. Stb. 1480). 20 Rhodos, Faliraki, 3.iv.1983, 20.1v.1985, Klimesch leg. (prep. Stb. 1675, 1728); 10°,

Litochoron, 3-400 m, 14.—22.vi.1957, Klimesch leg. (prep. Stb. 1690), ZSM. 29 Pelopönnisos 15 km E

Tripolis, 650 m, 14.v.1990; 19 Makedhonia, Olympos, Litökhoron, 250-650 m, 21.-26.v.1990, Zool.

Mus. Copenh. Exp. (prep. Stb. 2076); 10 Peleponnes, Paleo Epidauros, 19.—20.iv.1993, Fibiger leg. (prep.

Baldizzone 7629); 19 Macedhonia / Thessalia, Olympos, 700-2100 m, 21.-26.v.1990; 19 Pelopönnisos,

Taiygetos Mts, 950-100 m, 15.-19.v.1990, Zool. Mus. Copenh. Exp. (prep. 2106, 2107), ZMUC. Türkei:

1S Ankara, 20 km NW Kizilcahaman, 1200 m, 1.v11.1987, Fibiger leg. (prep. Baldizzone 11286); 10

Nevsehir, Göreme by Urgüp Love Vally, 1300 m, 2.vii.1987, Fibiger leg. (prep. Baldizzone 11278),

ZMUC.

Beschreibung. Vorderfliigel S 5,5-6,5 mm lang, kupferfarben mit leichtem Grün-

schimmer an der Basis bis violett im terminalen Bereich; 9 4,5-5,0 mm lang, kupfer-

farben bis violett im terminalen Bereich. Hinterfliigel graubraun, schwach glänzend.

Unterseite aller Fliigel wie Hinterflügeloberseite gefärbt.

Kopf, Thorax und Palpen wie Vorderfliigelbasis gefärbt. Augenhinterrand ohne farb-

lich abgesetzte grannenförmige Schuppenreihe. Antennen schwarz-weiß geringelt.

länge stahlblau abstehend, verdickt, beschuppt.

d Genital (Fig. 27). Bedornte Verdickung der Gnathos klein, rund. Dorsaler Val-

venlappen dreimal so lang wie hoch. Sacculus ventrocaudal mit einen auffälligen Saeta.

Sacculusdorn kurz, nach proximal gerichtet. Juxta dorsal mit paariger, erhabener

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 121-172 167

63. Phallus mit Phallusapodem, Appendix und Juxta. C. variicornis.

Leiste. Phallusapodem dreimal so lang wie Juxta. Die 8 Cornuti auf einer Basisplatte

werden posterior langer. Appendix des Phallusapodems mit einer Basisschlaufe und

einer eineinhalbmal gewundenen Spirale, an deren Ende der Ductus ejaculatorus eine

langgezogene Öse bildet.

9 Genital (Fig. 46). Segment 8 eineinhalbmal so lang wie breit. Ostium befindet

sich im anterioren Bereich von Segment 8 und ist ein Drittel so breit wie dieses. Apo-

physis anterioris reicht anterior deutlich über die Mitte des bedornten Teils des Ductus

bursae hinaus; bedornter Teil etwa so lang wie das Antrum; Median lamina ragt anterior

nicht über den bedornten Teil hinaus. Ductus bursae mit einer Schlaufe, die mit feinen

Dornen besetzt ist. Signum hakenförmig mit halbkreisförmiger Basisplatte.

Lebensweise. Imagines konnten mehrfach am Tage an Melilotus officinalis beobachtet

werden (mdl. Mitt. F. Theimer).

Verbreitung. Mitteleuropa bis Türkei.

3.5 Taxa incertae sedis

Coleophora tuscaemiliella Costantini, 1923

Coleophora tuscaemiliella Costantini [in Turati], 1923: 69. Typenfundort: Italien, Madriole.

Übersetzung der Originalbeschreibung. „Flügelspanne 11-12 mm. Vorderflügel

schmal, basal bronzefarben, äußerer Teil überwiegend kupferviolett gefärbt, sehr glän-

zend: Costalrand sowie der Apex und die Fransen schwarz-violettfarben (dunkel indi-

go). Fransen nicht weiß gerandet. Fühler basal sowie der extrabasale Teil in geringerer

Ausprägung durch das Vorhandensein von dunkelblauen Schuppen verdickt: der Rest

168 STUBNER: The Coleophora frischella species group

des Fühlers ist dunkelbraun mit weißer Spitze. Holotypus gesammelt von Dr. Attilio

Fiorio in Fiumalbo (Madriole, ,Appenine mutinensis Provinz’ [Modena]) am 20. Juli

1920. Systematisch ist sie nahe der C. amethystinella Ragonot zu platzieren.“

Anmerkung. Die Synonymisierung von C. tuscaemiliella mit C. fuscicornis durch

Baldizzone (1979 b: 124) scheint aufgrund erheblicher Größenunterschiede beider

Arten sowie der für C. tuscaemiliella angegebenen weißen Fühlerspitze, welche bei

C. fuscicornis und C. amethystinella fehlt, nicht plausibel. In gleicher Arbeit (Baldiz-

zone 1979 b: 125) wird C. tuscaemiliella in der Zusammenfassung jedoch als Synonym

von C. spissicornis geführt, was von Landry & Wright (1993: 571) und Vives Moreno

(1988: 93) übernommen sowie durch Baldizzone et al. (2006: 80) bestätigt wurde. Die

Beschreibung der C. tuscaemiliella stimmt jedoch auffällig mit der von C. alcyonipen-

nella, C. trifolii, C. deauratella und C. frischella überein, namentlich die genannten

Merkmale der Fühler erlauben, dieses Taxon in der Gruppe der Arten mit dunklen,

ungeringelten Fühlern sowie einer hellen Fühlerspitze zu stellen.

Das Typenmaterial von C. tuscaemiliella scheint verschollen zu sein (Baldizzone

1979). Eine genaue Klärung des taxonomischen Status’ von C. tuscaemiliella bedarf

wohl der Festlegung eines Neotypus, wofiir bislang kein entsprechendes Material zur

Verfiigung stand.

3.6 Von den Coleophoridae auszuschließendes Taxon

Argyresthia chalybaeella Costa, 1836 comb. n.

Plutella chalybaeella Costa, 1836: [263], Taf. 5 Fig. 9a—c. Typenfundort: Italien, Regno

di Napoli, Luglio.

Plutella chalybaeella wurde durch Zeller (1847 b: 883) erstmals fiir die Coleophoridae

erwähnt und (1849: 197, 212—213) in die Abteilung A (Metallosetia Steph. Damophila)

gestellt. Zeller gibt an, die Art nur aus Abbildungen und einer Beschreibung zu kennen.

Rebel (1901: 191) stellt chalybaeella Costa als Synonym zu C. frischella. Allerdings

rechtfertigen weder die Abbildung noch die Originalbeschreibung diese Interpretation.

Das auf der Taf. 5 Abb. 9a (Costa, 1836) gezeigte Tier ist nicht gespannt und durch

die Körperhaltung, Flügelform und die in der Beschreibung angeführten Merkmale

„Augen schwarz, sehr hervorgequollen, wodurch der Kopf breiter als hoch erscheint.

Fühler von Körperlänge, gelblich; das erste Glied dicker und fast elliptisch, geziert mit

einem Kamm langer und weisser Schuppen an der Vorderseite“ der Gattung Argyresthia

Hübner, 1825, zuzuordnen. Anhand von Literaturangaben könnte Argyresthia chaly-

baeella Costa der Argyresthia glabratella (Zeller, 1847) nahestehen.

3.7 Nicht verfügbare Namen

„Df[amophila]. atticae (Toll) wird von Capuse (1975: 47) und Baldizzone (1990 a: 43)

erwähnt, jedoch ist keine Beschreibung beigefügt.

„Df[amophila]. herzegoviniensis (Toll) wird von Capuse (1975: 47) erwähnt, jedoch

ist keine Beschreibung beigefügt.

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 121-172 169

„Coleoph. semibarbella Kollar in lit.“ wird von Zeller (1849: 201, 203) erstmalig er-

wahnt und gleichzeitig mit C. mayrella synonymisiert.

„Col. alcedinella FR. in litt. (Mann) wird von Zeller (1849: 204) erstmalig erwähnt

und gleichzeitig mit C. deauratella synonymisiert.

„Coleophora praticolella Heyden“ wird von Zeller (1849: 210) erstmalig erwähnt und

gleichzeitig mit C. alcyonipennella synonymisiert.

„C. forficipennella Ti.“ wird von Heydenreich (1851: 88) erstmalig erwähnt und gleich-

zeitig mit C. mayrella synonymisiert.

„C. teripennella (F.R.)“ wird von Heydenreich (1851: 88) erstmalig erwähnt und gleich-

zeitig mit C. alcyonipennella synonymisiert.

Danksagung

Die vorliegende Arbeit hat über viele Jahre eine großzügige Unterstützung durch Matthias Nuss (Dresden)

erfahren, dem an dieser Stelle mein besonders herzlicher Dank gilt. Peter Huemer (Innsbruck) begut-

achtete das Manuskript und gab zahlreiche konstruktive Hinweise zur Verbesserung desselben. Giorgio

Baldizzone (Asti) danke ich für die freundliche und hilfreiche Korrespondenz, die durch die Übersetzungen

von Francesca Vegliante (Dresden) möglich wurde und für die Zusammenarbeit bei der Beschreibung der

neuen Arten C. aleramica und C. tunisiae. Für die Zusendung von Typen, Fotos und Sammlungsmaterial

und/oder Hilfe bei der Literaturbeschaffung bedanke ich mich bei Sabine Gaal-Haszler (NMW), Reinhard

Gaedike (DEI), James Hogan (UMO), Peter Huemer (TLMF), Ole Karsholt (ZMUC), Patrice Leraut & Joel

Minet (MNHN), Wolfram Mey (ZMHB), Lukasz Przybylowicz (ISZP), H. Riemann (UMB), Mike Fitton,

Kim Harman, Martin Honey, Klaus Sattler & Kevin Tuck (BMNH), Andreas Segerer (ZSM), Andreas

Werno (ZFB), Peter Buchner (Schwarzau), Uwe Biichner (Bad Salzungen), Helmut Kolbeck (Weng), Peter

Lichtmannecker (Adlkofen), Franz Theimer (Berlin), Rudi Seliger (Schwalmtal), Sven Wauer (Ebersbach/

L.), Wolfgang Wittland (Wegberg) und Hugo W. van der Wolf (Nuenen).

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Nota lepid. 30 (1): 173-174 173

Two additions to the Nepalese fauna of Olethreutinae

(Tortricidae)

Y OSHITSUGU NASU

153-2, Nakado, Hashimoto, Wakayama 648-0023, Japan; e-mail: fwık6205(@mb.infoweb.ne.jp

In their comprehensive checklist of Microlepidoptera and Pyraloidea of Nepal, Robinson

et al. (1995) listed 162 species of the family Tortricidae, including 71 Olethreutinae.

Then Nasu (1996) added two species to the fauna. The examination of newly accessible

material of Tortricidae collected in Nepal yielded two new records of Eucosmini for

the fauna of this country. In the following lines I record these species and illustrate the

adults and their genitalia.

The specimens were collected by Drs. Y. S. Bae and T. Ueda in 1994; they are deposited

in the Entomological Laboratory, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan. Images of

the adults and genitalia were obtained using a Leica MZ16 binocular microscope with

a Nikon Coolpix 995 digital camera; they were enhanced using Microsoft Photo Editor

and Adobe Photoshop software.

Epiblema foenella (Linnaeus, 1758) Figs 1, 2

Phalaena Tinea foenella Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat. ed. 10: 536.

Epiblema foenella: Meyrick 1895: 496; Razowski 1999: 480; Brown 2005: 281.

Material. Nepal: Bagmati, Kathmandu, Mt. Phulchoki (2,075m), 2$, 12.-13.v1.1994, at light (Bae &

Ueda leg.); Gandaki, Pokhara City (850m), 2$, 16.—19.vi.1994, at light (Bae & Ueda leg.).

Distribution. Europe, Russia, Nepal, Thailand, China, Mongolia, Korea, Japan. This

species is widely distributed in Eurasia.

Remarks. The forewings normally have white falcate blotches and ocelloid patches.

The blotches vary considerably in shape, sometimes taking the form of geniculate or

straight bands, and may occasionally be obliterated. All specimens examined here have

geniculate blotches and ocelloid patches darkened by gray suffusion.

Zeiraphera fulvomixtana Kawabe, 1974 Figs 3, 4

Zeiraphera fulvomixtana Kawabe, 1974, Työ To Ga 25: 98, figs 3, 10, 24; Byun et al. 1998: 181; Razowski

1999: 458; Brown 2005: 606.

Material. Nepal: Bagmati, Kathmandu, Mt. Phulchoki (2,075m), 1$, 12.-13.vi.1994, at light (Bae &

Ueda leg.).

Distribution. Nepal, Korea, Japan.

Remarks. The specimen has the dorsal part of the cucullus a little larger than that of

Japanese specimens. This difference is attributed to intraspecific variation.

Nota lepidopterologica, 15.05.2007, ISSN 0342-7536

174 Nasu: On Nepalese Olethreutinae

Acknowledgements

I thank Dr. Y. S. Bae, Inchon University, Inchon, Korea and Dr. T. Ueda, Osaka, Japan for providing the

specimens.

References

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from the Himalayan range. —Transaction of the lepidopterological Society of Japan 47: 209-214.

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of Nepal-a checklist and bibliography. — Tinea 14 (Supplement 2): 150-181.

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(Insecta: Lepidoptera). -SHILAP Revista de lepidopterologia 27: 437-506.

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 175-178 175

Assessment of the proper nomenclature of Loepa Moore, 1859

and its type species (Saturniidae)

WOLFGANG A. Nässıc "?

' Entomologie II, Forschungsinstitut und Museum Senckenberg, Senckenberganlage 25,

60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; e-mail: wolfgang.naessig@senckenberg.de

* Contributions to the knowledge of the Saturniidae, no. 70.

Loepa Moore, 1859 is a well-known genus of the family Saturniidae, occurring with

about 30 species in the southern Palaearctic and tropical Oriental regions, between

India in the west, China (northern Hebei) in the north, Sulawesi, Mindanao and

Amami-Oshima in the east and Java in the south. Species are frequently reared in cap-

tivity on Vitaceae; in the wild the caterpillars feed mainly on Vitaceae, Dilleniaceae,

Saxifragaceae and Actinidaceae (Nässig et al. 1996: 137-138; Yen et al. 2000: 159).

The genus has also received renewed taxonomic attention in recent years (e.g., Nässig

& Treadaway 1988; Nässig & Suhardjono 1989; Nässig et al. 1989; Brechlin 1997,

2000; Naumann 1998, 2003; Naumann & Kishida 2001; Nässig & Ragus 2001; Yen et

al. 2000). However, the nomenclatural accounts of the genus in the literature are marred

by several errors. These are explained and corrected here.

Nässig & Treadaway (1988: 175) noted that the accepted type species of Loepa, Saturnia

katinka Westwood, appeared to be based on a misidentification, and later (Nassig &

Treadaway 1998: 389) they noted that the accepted authorship of the genus, as Moore,

1860 in Horsfield & Moore, 1858-1859“, was incorrect. Nässig & Treadaway (1998)

corrected the latter to Moore, 1859 but reserved resolving the apparent type species

misidentification until a thorough literature study had been conducted and, if necessary,

the case had been prepared for submission to the ICZN. The confused nomenclature of

Loepa may be summed up as follows:

Fletcher & Nye (1982) stated that Loepa Moore was originally published in 1860

(= “1858-1859”, in Horsfield & Moore 1860: 399). This catalogue (although cited even

by Moore 1859: 260 as having been published in 1858) was not available before 1860

(see Cowan 1975; Fletcher & Nye 1982). Consequently, Fletcher & Nye interpreted

Saturnia katinka Westwood, 1848 [but see below for this publication date] as the type

species of Loepa by monotypy, as this was the only species included in the genus by

Moore in Horsfield & Moore (1860).

This delay in the publication of the Horsfield & Moore catalogue resulted in a synopsis

by Moore (1859: 260) that also contained the new genus name Loepa being published be-

fore. The name is accompanied by a short but nevertheless valid description and includes,

in addition to katinka, Saturnia thibeta Westwood, 1853, which Moore (1862a, 1862b)

shortly afterwards placed in a new genus Caligula. Saturnia thibeta is today included in

the genus Saturnia von Paula Schrank, 1802, subgenus Rinaca Walker, 1855 (Nässig

1994). In this first description of Loepa, Moore (1859) provided no designation of a type

species, neither by monotypy nor by original designation.

Nota lepidopterologica, 15.05.2007, ISSN 0342-7536

176 NAssic: Nomenclature of Loepa

The potential type species Saturnia katinka was described by Westwood in 1847, not in

1848. The “Cabinet of Oriental Entomology” was published in monthly fascicles, start-

ing in ca. January 1847, each consisting of three colour plates and their text, according to —

the information sheet bound into the copy of Westwood’s book in the University Library

Johann Christian Senckenberg, Frankfurt am Main (formerly property of the entomolo-

gist Carl von Heyden, 1793-1866). The illustration of Saturnia katinka was published on

plate XII, text page 25, and the publication date of its fascicle is 1847 (probably April/

May), although the work as a whole was completed only in 1848.

In the Horsfield & Moore catalogue, Moore (1860) appeared to have misidentified

Saturnia katinka as he explicitly dealt only with Javanese specimens (ex coll. Atkinson),

whereas Westwood (1847/48) had given the origin of Saturnia katinka as “Assam and

Sylhet” and did not list Java, and the true Loepa katinka does not occur in Sundaland (see

Nässig et al. 1996 and citations therein) but is a solely northern Indian/Himalayan spe-

cies (see also Nässig & Treadaway 1998: 389). Moore (1859: 260), however, recorded

the range of L. katinka as “Hab. Assam; Silhet; Java” and is therefore deemed to have

correctly identified Westwood’s species (ICZN 1999: Art. 70.1), even though he included

another species in his concept of L. katinka. The two Loepa species known from Java are

discussed by Nässig & Suhardjono (1989).

Swinhoe (1892: 247) designated a specimen from Assam from Westwood’s type series

as lectotype of Saturnia katinka and thereby fixed the type locality of the species, but

he did not deal with generic types and left the issue regarding the type species of Loepa

unresolved.

Kirby (1892: 935) apparently was the first author to designate a type species for Loepa,

in the Appendix to his “Synonymic Catalogue” placing an asterisk before the entry

“L. katinka Westw.”, his method of denoting generic type species (Kirby 1892: vi). This

type designation is valid as S. katinka is one of the two species included in Moore’s

(1859) original description of the genus. Shortly after, Hampson (1893) stated more spe-

cifically “Type, L. katinka, Westw.” under the heading of the genus, but Kirby (1892) is

deemed to have fixed the type species of Loepa validly by subsequent designation (ICZN

1999: Art. 69).

From this state of affairs it can be concluded that:

a) the genus Loepa Moore was originally validly described by Moore (1859), not by

Moore in Horsfield & Moore (1860), as established by Nässig & Treadaway

(1998),

b) Moore (1859) correctly identified Saturnia katinka Westwood when establishing

the new genus Loepa for it and for S. thibeta, but he did not designate either of

them as type species for the genus,

c) the first valid type species designation of Loepa is that of Saturnia katinka by

Kirby (1892), and

d) the type locality of L. katinka is Assam, as fixed by Swinhoe’s (1892) lectotype

designation.

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 175-178 177

Thus, only minor changes to the authorship of Loepa and its type species are required to

correct its nomenclature, but no major emendments to the long-held acceptance of the

type species of Loepa and of its type locality. The correct nomenclature of Loepa there-

fore is as follows:

Genus Loepa Moore, 1859

Loepa: Moore (1859: 260).

Type species: Saturnia katinka Westwood, 1847 (Westwood 1847/48: pl. XII, p. 25), by subsequent desig-

nation by Kirby (1892: 935); type locality: Assam, by lectotype designation by Swinhoe (1892: 247).

Acknowledgements

Ulrich Brosch, Hille, prompted and supported the research with copies of some rare references. Stefan

Naumann, Berlin, and especially Rolf G. Oberprieler, Canberra, critically read the manuscript. Thanks are

due to two anonymous referees for helpful hints.

References

Brechlin, R. 1997. Zwei neue Saturniiden aus dem Gebirgsmassiv des Fan Si Pan (nördliches Vietnam):

Salassa fansipana n. sp. und Loepa roseomarginata n. sp. (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). — Nachrichten

des Entomologischen Vereins Apollo, N.F. 18 (1): 75-87.

Brechlin, R. 2000. Zwei neue Arten der Gattung Loepa Moore, 1859 (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). — Nach-

richten des Entomologischen Vereins Apollo, N.F. 21 (3): 165-170.

Cotes, E. C. & C. Swinhoe 1887. A catalogue of the moths of India. Part II, Bombyces. — Calcutta (Trustees

of the Indian Museum). Pp. [41 ]—255.

Cowan, C. F. 1975. Horsfield, Moore, and the catalogues of the East India Company Museum. — Journal

of the Society for the Bibliography of Natural History 7 (3): 273-284.

Fletcher, D. S. & I. W. B. Nye 1982. — Jn: I. W. B. Nye (ed.), The generic names of moths of the world,

vol. 4. — London (Trustees of the BMNH). xiv + 192 pp.

Hampson, G. F. 1893 [imprint “1892” ]. The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Moths, vol. 1.—

London (Taylor & Francis). xxii + 527 pp.

Horsfield, T. & F. Moore 1860 [imprint “1858/59” ]. A catalogue of the lepidopterous insects in the Museum

of Natural History at the East-India House, vol. 2. — London (Wm. H. Allen). Here: pp. 383-410 + pls

18-20.

ICZN 1999. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, fourth edition, adopted by the International

Union of Biological Sciences. — London (International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, BMNH).

xXx1x + 306 pp.

Kirby, W. F. 1892. A synonymic catalogue of Lepidoptera Heterocera (moths). Vol. I. Sphinges and Bom-

byces. — London (Gurney & Jackson). xii + 951 pp.

Moore, F. 1859. Synopsis of the known Asiatic species of silk-producing moths, with descriptions of some

new species from India. — Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 27: 237-270, pls Annu-

losa LXIV-LXV.

Moore, F. 1862a. Notes on the silk-producing insects of India and its adjacent countries. — The Technologist,

London 2: 410-418.

Moore, F. 1862b. On the Asiatic silk-producing moths. — The Transactions of the Entomological Society

of London (3) 1: 313-322.

Nässig, W. A. 1994. Vorschlag für ein neues Konzept der Gattung Saturnia Schrank 1802 (Lepidoptera:

Saturniidae). — Nachrichten des Entomologischen Vereins Apollo, N.F. 15 (3): 253-266.

Nässig, W. A., R. E. J. Lampe & S. Kager 1989. A new species of Loepa from Sumatra (Lepidoptera,

Saturniidae). — Heterocera Sumatrana 2 (7): 145-152.

Nässig, W. A., R. E. J. Lampe & S. Kager 1996. The Saturniidae of Sumatra (Lepidoptera). — Hetero-

cera Sumatrana 10: 3-110. [With Appendix I: The preimaginal instars of some Sumatran and

South East Asian species of Saturniidae, including general notes on the genus Antheraea (Lepido-

ptera). — Heterocera Sumatrana 10: 111—170.]

178 NAssic: Nomenclature of Loepa

Nässig, W. A. & G. Ragus 2001. Annotations on selected Loepa species and their preimaginal instars.

1. The larval morphology of Loepa miranda Atkinson in Moore, 1865 (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae,

Saturniinae). — Nachrichten des Entomologischen Vereins Apollo, N.F. 21 (4): 247—251.—Corrigendum:

Nachrichten des Entomologischen Vereins Apollo, N.F. 22 (1): 36.

Nässig, W. A. & Y. R. Suhardjono 1989. A new species of the genus Loepa (Saturniidae) from Java. —

Tinea 12 (23): 205-210.

Nassig, W. A. & C. G. Treadaway 1988. Bemerkungen tiber die Loepa-Arten der Philippinen (Lepidoptera,

Saturniidae). — Nachrichten des Entomologischen Vereins Apollo, N.F. 9 (3): 159-176.

Nassig, W. A. & C. G. Treadaway 1998. The Saturniidae (Lepidoptera) of the Philippines. — Nachrichten

des Entomologischen Vereins Apollo, Supplementum 17: 223-424.

Naumann, S. 1998. Loepa obscuromarginata n. sp., eine neue Saturniide aus der Volksrepublik China

(Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). — Entomologische Zeitschrift 108 (2): 49-56.

Naumann, S. 2003. Two new Loepa species from Tibet and Shaanxi, China (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae).

— Nachrichten des Entomologischen Vereins Apollo, N.F. 24 (4): 161-165.

Naumann, S. & Y. Kishida 2001. A new species of the genus Loepa Moore, 1859 (Lepidoptera, Saturniidae)

from southern China. — Tinea 16 (5): 337-341.

Swinhoe, C. 1892. Catalogue of the Eastern and Australian Lepidoptera Heterocera in the collection of

the Oxford University Museum. Part 1, Sphinges and Bombyces. — Oxford (Clarendon). viii

+ 324 pp., 8 pls.

and more beautiful species of insects, natives of India and the adjacent islands, the greater portion of

which are now for the first time described and figured. — London (W. Smith). 88 pp., 42 pls.

Yen, S.-H., W. A. Nässig, S. Naumann & R. Brechlin 2000. A new species of the miranda-group of the

genus Loepa from Taiwan (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). — Nachrichten des Entomologischen Vereins

Apollo, N.F. 21 (3): 153-162.

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 179-188 179

Butterfly diversity in relation to a human-impact gradient on

an Indian university campus

ASHISH D. Tipte |, ARUN M. KHURAD ! & ROGER L. H. DENNIS * °

' Department of Zoology, RTM Nagpur University, Nagpur-440 033, India and Centre for Sericulture

and Biological Pest Management Research (CSBR), RTM Nagpur University, Nagpur-440 022, India;

e-mail: ashishdtiple@yahoo.co.in

NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Monks Wood, Abbots Ripton Huntingdon, UK

3 Cambridgeshire PE28 2LS, UK and Institute for Environment, Sustainability and Regeneration,

Room s122, Mellor Building, Staffordshire University, College Road, Stoke on Trent, ST4 2DE, UK;

e-mail: rlhdennis@aol.com

Abstract. The pattern of butterfly abundance and species richness are studied in wild (forest, scrub and

grassland) and human-impacted (garden, plantation and grassland) areas in the 190-hectare campus of SGB

Amravati University, Amravati, Maharastra, India. A total of 52 butterfly species belonging to Hesperiidae,

Papilionidae, Pieridae, Lycaenidae and Nymphalidae families were recorded in five areas (biotopes).

Species abundance rose from the beginning of the monsoon (June-July) and reached a peak in early winter

(August-November). A decline in species abundance was observed from late winter (December-January)

and continued up to the end of summer (May). The number of species within biotopes varied from 23 to

33; 17 species were noticeably absent in the disturbed and human-impacted sites (garden, plantation and

grassland) and there was no occurrence of unique species in moderately disturbed areas comparable to

those of less disturbed wild areas. On the basis of biotope occurrence, 67% of butterfly species were clas-

sified as disturbance-adaptable (occurring in all biotopes) and 33% as disturbance avoiders (restricted to

wild areas such as forest, scrub and undisturbed areas elsewhere). Destruction of habitat is suggested to

be the reason for the reduction of species richness and general abundance of butterflies in impacted areas

of the university campus.

Introduction

The human impact on the global environment has triggered a mass extinction event

of significance on a geological time scale as well as causing widespread changes in

the global distribution of organisms (Chapin et al. 2000; Thomas et al. 2004). Among

the insects, butterflies occupy a vital position in ecosystems and their occurrence and

diversity are considered as good indicators of the health of any given terrestrial biotope

(Kunte 2000; Aluri and Rao 2002; Thomas 2005). As herbivorous insects, the distri-

bution of larval and nectar host plants has a distinct impact on the status of butterfly

diversity (Culin 1997; Solman Raju et al. 2004).

Hence suitable measures for the conservation of larval and nectar host plants, and to

deter destruction of natural biotopes, are needed to increase butterfly diversity in a

given tropical ecosystem. Recently, Tiple et al. (2006) have identified various factors

influencing nectar plant resource visits by butterflies on a university campus and advo-

cated the value of university campuses in providing valuable resources for butterflies.

The present study examines the human-impact gradient on the diversity of butterflies

on the same university campus.

Methods

A field survey and investigation was carried out by the first author on a daily basis from

July 2004 to June 2005 on the Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University campus situ-

Nota lepidopterologica, 15.05.2007, ISSN 0342-7536

180 Tire et al.: Butterfly diversity on an Indian university campus

[22]

Pr)

Number of species

5 6 Loe

Months of Year

Fig. 1. Seasonal distribution in number of species on the Amravati University campus. Right scale: black

squares, number of species. Left scale: climate variables: circles, temperatures (°C); closed circles, maxi-

mum mean temperatures (°C); open, minimum mean temperatures (°C); triangles, relative humidity (%);

closed triangles, maximum relative humidity (%); open triangles, minimum relative humidity (%); dia-

monds, rainfall (cm).

ated about 4 km north east of Amravati city (20°50’ N and 77°47’ E) within an area of

about 190 hectares (Tiple, unpublished M.Sc. thesis). Based on the human impact on

campus biotopes (see Kunte 1997), the butterfly diversity was studied in five different

areas (called sites). Observations were made during a fixed daily transect (500 m for

each of the five areas) carried out between 7:00 h and 10:00 h; species were identified

directly in the field or, in difficult cases, following capture or photography. Collection

was restricted to those specimens that could not be identified directly. Butterflies were

identified from Wynter-Blyth (1957), Gay et al. (1992), Kunte (2000), and Varshney

(1983). Of the five study sites, the first is a hilly area to the east of the campus; it in-

cludes typical dry deciduous forest with teak trees as dominant species. The second

site is a bank and the surrounding area of the university dam (reservoir), rich in scrub

vegetation and a good source of water. The third site comprises widespread grassland

occupying most of the area of the campus. A fourth site is dominated by the Botanical

and Nursery Garden of the University campus; this site is rich in nectar host plants for

butterflies. The final site is the plantation area around various departmental buildings of

the university campus; this site is subject to a variety of human activities.

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 179-188 181

Distances

60 80

Hypolimnas bolina

Phalanta phalantha

Junonia orithya

Melanitis leda

Ixias marianne

Papilio demoleus

Euploea core

| Acraea violae

Tirumala septentrionis

Tirumala limniace

Danaus chrysippus

Junonia lemonias

Chilades pandava

Leptotes plinius

Lampides boeticus

Zizeeria karsandra

izula hylax

Eurema hecabe

Eurema brigitta

Catopsilia pyranthe

Catopsilia pomona

Graphium agamemnon

Borbo cinnara

Ypthima asterope

Danaus genutia

Pareronia valeria

Cynthia cardui

Ariadne ariadne

Prosotas nora

Euthalia nais

Rapala manea

Delias eucharis

Suastus gremius

Rapala iarbus

Freyeria trochylus

Catochrysops strabo

Eurema laeta

Ariadne merione

Papilio polytes

Junonia hierta

Hyoali Tarucus nara

olimnas misippus

LA Byblia ithyia

Junonia iphita

Chilades laius

Cepora nerissa

Pachliopta hector

Pachliopta aristolochiae

Parantica aglea

Mycalesis perseus

naphaeıs aurota

Badamia exclamationis

Fig. 2. Seasonal clustering of flight periods for butterflies on the SGB Amravati University campus,

Amravati. Unweighted pair group average clustering based on Euclidean distances.

The present study focuses on contrasts in butterfly diversity between the biotopes of

the five sites. Diversity and faunal associations are related to human impact and re-

source availability on the sites; correspondence analysis is applied to transect records

in relation to the five sites and non metric scaling to Euclidean distances on scores for

a range of resource and disturbance attributes, listed in Table 1, again for the five sites.

Seasonal variation in flight periods is also examined for the campus using unweighted

pair group average clustering based on Euclidean distances of the numbers of each

182 Tire et al.: Butterfly diversity on an Indian university campus

_ Tsept

Enais Bilit

Aauro Pvale ©

Ling Cstra Deuch

Cne à

ss ' Plantation Ppoly Imari

Gagam Pagle

Grassland ill

Jorit AVIOlp

Zkars ? a Ae mol Epos

2 Siphi zhÿle Beinn

Tnara Jhiet™ A Rmans

and D Bexc

Ftroc Op

Mpers

Claiu

Fig. 3. Correspondence analysis plot of transect counts for butterflies recorded for the five sites on the SGB

Amravati University campus, Amravati. ‘A’ indicates species close to the origin of the plot and ubiquitous

throughout the sites. Total inertia 0.35, X .,,,. = 4109, P < 0.0001; axis 1, 37.3%; axis 2, 24.3%. Names of

species include the first letter of the genus and the first three letters of the species (see Table 2).

species observed during different months. Nectar plants and nectaring events were re-

ported earlier (Tiple et al. 2006). All analyses are conducted in STATISTICA (Statsoft

1999).

Results and Discussion

Diversity and Habitat. A total of 52 species of butterflies belonging to Hesperiidae,

Papilionidae, Pieridae, Lycaenidae and Nymphalidae families were found on the uni-

versity campus and their occurrence, status, and biotopes are listed in Table 2. Species

richness according to the sites and a simple division of biotopes is noted in Table 3

together with the number of unique butterfly species for each site. Approximately two

thirds of the butterfly species were recorded from the hilly area of the campus (site 1),

six of which were unique and not recorded in other biotopes. Thirty two species were

found in the scrub area (Dam, site 2), only two of which were unique species. About

30 species inhabited the extensive grassland (site 3) and 23 the plantation area (site 4),

neither area having unique species. Thirty species were recorded, with two unique spe-

cies, in the botanical and nursery garden (site 5). Out of 52 species, 49 were observed

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 179-188 183

f li

1.0 PLANTATIONn emovalo lanas

0.8

0.6 Sugg: Removal of Firewood

hrub

S = oocultting a

ri Grazing

Disturbance

0.2 ° GRASSLAND

0.0

Removal of trees

-0.2

Axis 2

Removal of herbs Hostplants

-0.4 m

ee GARDEN

-0.8

Vegetation structure

-1.0

DAM

12 Nectar

-1.4

-1.4 -1.2 -1.0 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -02 0.0 02 04 06 0.8 1.0 12 1.4 16 1.8

Axis 1

Fig. 4. Ordination of resource and disturbance attributes for the five sites on the SGB Amravati University

campus, Amravati using non-metric multidimensional scaling of Euclidean distances based on the scores

for attributes (Kruskal stress = 9.2%).

in wilder areas (forest, scrub, and grassland), eight of which were exclusive to them.

The area ın and around the varıous buildings of the campus, representing the most hu-

man-impacted zone, harbored a total of 35 species, none of which was unique. A few

species of butterflies, viz. Delias eucharis, Pareronia valeria, Byblia ilithyia, Euthalia

nais were unique to the forest biotopes while others, viz. Papilio demoleus, Catopsilia

pomona, Zizula hylax, and Danaus chrysippus were observed generally in all the bi-

otopes.

Seasonality. Seasonal patterns of species richness (flight periods) for the five sites, and

the whole campus, are presented in Table 4 and Fig. 1. Seasonal clusters of species are

recorded in Fig. 2; the pattern in the dendrogram corresponds closely with a non-metric

scaling plot which has low Kruskal stress (8%). Most butterfly species were observed

from the monsoon (hot/wet season) to early winter (cool/wet season) but thereafter de-

clined in early summer (March) (Fig. 1). The cause of this decline might be non-avail-

ability of nectar and larval host plants, scarcity of water at the Dam site, and cutting of

grasslands. The importance of resource types (consumer and utilities) is indicated in a

number of studies in temperate contexts (Dennis et al. 2003), for example, the recorded

184 Tire et al.: Butterfly diversity on an Indian university campus

Tab. 1. Resource and disturbance attributes for sites on the SGB Amravati University campus, Amravati.

IRelative abundance across species.

Attribute

Host plants! l rare, 2 frequent, 3 many

Nectar flowers! l rare, 2 frequent, 3 many

Vegetation structure 1 simple, 2 moderately varied, 3 complex

Disturbance from pedestrians

Buildings/tarmac/concrete

Removal of trees

Removal of lianas

Removal of shrubs

Removal of herbs | I little, 2 moderate, 3 severe

Grass mown

Grazing

Firewood l none, 2 moderate, 3 severe

shifts in nectar flower use with emergence period and broods (Porter et al. 1992). At the

five sites, we observed that the build-up in the numbers of species and populations took

place from the early monsoon and exhibited a first peak in the late monsoon followed

at some sites by another peak in early winter (November) (Table 4). This might be re-

lated to resources required for somatic maintenance and reproduction which depend on

nectar plants (Gilbert 1981).

Butterflies of all biotopes had very specific flight periods (Fig. 2), and following the

short flight peak they were found to be rare or absent in other seasons (see Kunte 1997).

The dendrogram (Fig. 2) breaks down into two large clusters, distinguishing species

flying for much of the year (top) from those flying for shorter periods of the year (top

and bottom); the latter breaks down further into two groups again left and right respec-

tively into those appearing mainly in the winter months and those appearing during

summer. Some species exhibited the unique character of occurring throughout the year

with a short population peak during specific months. Occurrence for only a few months

was noted in Rapala iarbus, Euthalia nais, Junonia hierta and Mycalesis perseus within

forest or scrub. Some species, viz. Delias eucharis, Pareronia valeria and Hypolimnas

misippus in the forest, had single short flight periods whereas Rapala manea exhibited

two short flight period peaks at the Dam site. Danaus chrysippus, Eurema brigitta and

Euploea core in the grassland were regularly observed throughout the year.

Human activity impacts. Recent reports reveal that about 100 out of 1500 butterfly

species occurring in India are on the verge of extinction (Solman Raju & Rao 2002). A

number of colonies of butterflies have been exterminated by human activities, resulting

in changes to habitats beyond the tolerance limit of the species.

Multivariate analysis (correspondence analysis) of transect counts in the present study

reveal that although some butterflies are ubiquitous (Fig. 3; e.g. ‘A’ characterizes nine

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 179-188 185

Tab. 2. Occurrence, status and biotopes of butterfly species and a summary of the human impact gradient

on them at SGB Amravati University campus, Amravati. 'Status: VC, Very common (> 100 sightings); €,

Common (50-100 sightings); NR, Not rare (15-50 sightings); R, Rare (2-15 sightings); VR, Very rare (<

2 sightings); "Biotope: F, Forest; S, Scrub; G, Grassland; P, Plantation; B, Botanical and nursery garden.

“Impact classification: AD, Adapter; AV, Avoider.

Butterfly species Occurrence | Status' | Biotope’ Impact

(months) sradient’

Hesperiidae

1-2

Papilionidae

3-12

| Pachliopta aristolochiae Fabricius | 79 | R |

eee DE on | à.

1-12 GPB

Pieridae

Catopsilia pomona Fabricius

Catopsilia pyranthe Linnaeus ut

Eurema brigitta Wallace

Eurema hecabe Linnaeus AD

Eurema laeta Moore 7-12 AD

Delias eucharis Drury 0-12

abe = OUR a a

Ixias marianne Cramer

Cepora nerissa Fabricius 19 =o GPB

Pareronia valeria Fabricius

Lycaenidae

02)

Zizula hylax Fabricius

[Chilades ans Stoll — | 79 | R | ss | av

SGB

186 TipLe et al.: Butterfly diversity on an Indian university campus

Tab. 2. Continuation.

10-12

TT MR AT So LR

REIN AE ar —

blalsistales > ol Ll] sla

Ben

ADE

SRE

Meee

a ae

FRS

mero

Er.

RE 2

SE MERE

En à

NAN

ENTRE

Ber

SAD

oe Haba

BRETT

Ben

RAR

Dee

un Aa,

RE RARES

species), many tend to be found more in one biotope or another (e.g. Hill biotope:

Tirumala septentrionis and Euthalia nais; Dam biotope: Rapala iarbus and Suastus

gremius; Plantation biotope: Cepora nerissa and Ariadne merione). À non-metric scal-

ing plot of biotope attributes reveals that biotopes contrast in vegetation structures and

resources. The contrasts in diversity might relate to the occurrence of nectar plants and

larval host plants used by a majority of butterfly species. The Dam and Hill have com-

plex vegetation structures and substantial resources of host plants and nectar, whereas

the Plantation and Grassland sites score lower for resource and vegetation complexity;

the Garden site is intermediate between these groups. Similarly, the Plantation and

Grassland experience the most serious disturbance (building, human activity, grass

mowing); nevertheless, the Dam and Hill areas experience different kinds of distur-

bance, mostly removal of material for fires and grazing, which carry consequences for

butterfly populations (Fig. 4).

In the present study, the areas under greatest human impact were the plantation site

around buildings on the university campus, grassland, and hilly forest. The removal/

destruction by human activity of naturally growing nectar and larval host plants har-

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 179-188 187

Tab. 3. Species richness in the five sites (biotopes) and for ‘wild areas’ and ‘impacted areas’ of SGB

Amravati University campus, Amravati. Wild and human-impacted areas are distinguished by the occur-

rence or absence of forest, scrub, and undisturbed grassland zones in the five biotopes.

Biotopes No. of No. of

total species unique species

Hill site (forest) (F) a ae re

Dam site (scrub) (S)

Grassland site (grass) (G)

Plantation site (plantation) (P)

Garden site (botanical and nursery garden) (B)

Wild area (in F,S,G,B)

Impacted area (in P,G,B)

Tab. 4. Seasonal variation in species richness at the five sites of SGB Amravati University campus,

Amravati.

Sites/Months

Grassland site

boring eggs, larvae, and pupae of butterflies has a great impact on richness, abundance

and diversity of butterfly species. It is important to note that the diversity of butterflies

was also adversely affected by grass cutting, exposing butterflies to their natural preda-

tors, and unauthorized grazing and cutting of plants for firewood at the Hill site on the

campus. On the basis of biotope occurrence, 67% of butterfly species were classified as

disturbance-adaptable (occurring in all biotopes) and 33% as disturbance avoiders (re-

stricted to wild areas such as forest, scrub, and undisturbed areas elsewhere) (Table 2).

Butterflies like the Euploea core, Eurema brigitta, Catopsilia pomona, Danaus chry-

sippus, and Tirumala limniace have the ability to survive in adverse biotopes and are

ubiquitous. Destruction, degradation or fragmentation of biotopes are the most worry-

ing causes of butterfly species extinction. Hence, control of the exploitation of natural

biotopes for butterflies, including shrub, herb, and trees, dried and green grasses (e.g.

grazing) would definitely help to maintain and increase the diversity of butterflies in

areas protected like the campus of SGB Amravati University.

188 Tire et al.: Butterfly diversity on an Indian university campus

Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Prof. G. N. Vankhede, Head, Department of Zoology, SGB Amravati University,

Amravati for providing facilities, and to two anonymous referees for their most helpful comments. The

first author thanks J. S. Wadatkar for identification of rare butterflies and V. P. Deshmukh for much-needed

help in the field.

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S. Lavorel, O. E. Sala, S. E. Hobbie, M. C. Mack & S. Diaz 2000. Consequences of changing biodi-

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Nota lepid. 30 (1): 189-201 189

Neue Arten der Gattung Oegoconia (Autostichidae)

REINHARD SUTTER

Flaminger Ufer 4a, 06749 Bitterfeld, Germany

Abstract. With the examination of two Oecogonia-males from Malta the actual interpretation of O. deluc-

cai Amsel, 1952 is amended and O. huemeri sp. n. is described. O. ceres sp. n. and O. annae sp. n. are

described from Sardinia. The three new taxa are compared with O. deluccai Amsel, 1952 sp. rev., O. deau-

ratella (Herrich-Schäffer, 1854) and O. ariadne Gozmany, 1988. O. parodia Gozmany, 1988 is transfered

into the genus Apatema.

Zusammenfassung. Mit der Untersuchung von zwei Oegoconia-Männchen von Malta wird die bisherige

Gozmany, 1988 wird in die Gattung Apatema versetzt.

Introduction

In der Gattung Oegoconia Stainton, 1854 veröffentlichte erstmals Huemer (1998)

eine zusammenhängende Darstellung der Genitalstrukturen aller bekannten Arten.

Damit wurde eine Grundlage fiir weitere taxonomische Arbeiten geschaffen. Mit

der Abbildung von zwei untereinander abweichenden Phalli fiir O. de/uccai Amsel,

1952 weist Huemer (1998: 111) auf mögliche Unsicherheiten hin und es werden

damit weitere Untersuchungen angeregt, welche mit Sutter (2001) zunächst zur

Statusänderung bei O. ariadne Gozmany, 1988 geführt haben. Die taxonomischen

deluccai zu einer Fehlinterpretation, dazu folgende Hintergriinde: Im Zusammenhang

mit seiner Bearbeitung der Autostichidae hat Dr. Gozmany in den Museen vergeblich

Paul M. Sammut/Malta schreibt in seinem Brief vom 15.V.1999 an Dr. Gozmany: „In

actual fact neither the slide nor the type specimen or any other specimen of deluccai is

— Parallel zu Dr. Gozmanys Arbeit hatte Dr. Huemer anläßlıch nicht determinierbarer

Einzelexemplare mit der Klärung der Identität der Oegoconia-Arten begonnen und bei

O. deluccai von Dr. Gozmany zwei Weibchen von Malta (leg. DeLucca, coll. TMB)

anhand der Genitale der Weibchen gedeutet. Sutter (2001) hat dann diese Deutung

übernommen. — Im Jahr 2003 hat Paul M. Sammut auf Malta zwei Männchen fangen

können und diese mit fünf Weibchen dem Autor ausgeliehen. Die Untersuchung der

nun vorliegenden 25 und 79 erlaubt keinen Rückschluß auf das Vorkommen einer

weiteren Oegoconia-Art auf Malta, und die Tiere werden als O. deluccai determiniert.

Der Vergleich der Phallı von O. deluccai Amsel (Fig. 14) und O. deluccai sensu

Huemer (Fig. 13) zeigt verschiedene Arten und O. deluccai sensu Huemer wird als

O. huemerisp.n. beschrieben. Ursache der Fehlinterpretation sind fehlende Unterschiede

der weiblichen Genitale beider Arten (Fig. 21-22 und 23-24).

Nota lepidopterologica, 15.05.2007, ISSN 0342-7536

190 SUTTER: New species of Oegoconia

Von Sardinien lagen dem Autor zunächst nur Einzelexemplare (leg. Amsel, Gozmany,

Hartig und Kuchlein) vor, deren Genitale ein unklares Bild ergaben und keiner rezenten

Art zugeordnet werden konnten. Im Jahre 2004 haben dann Dr. Giorgio Baldizzone,

Dr. Paolo Triberti und Jan Liska gezielt Material der Gattung Oegoconia und Apatema

von Sardinien mitgebracht. Mit diesem Material und weiteren Einzelexemplaren

aus vorangegangen Jahren können nun die vermutlich endemisch auf Sardinien

vorkommenden Arten O. ceres sp. n. und O. annae sp. n. beschrieben werden. — Unter

den Exemplaren leg. Hartıg befand sich ein Weibchen von O. uralskella corsa Sutter

& Liska, 2003, womit die Verbreitung dieser Art auf Sardinien abgesichert wird.

Nachweise weiterer Oegoconia-Arten von Sardinien liegen dem Autor nicht vor.

Die neuen Arten O. huemeri, O. ceres und O. annae haben in der Vesica des Phallus

ein großes Cornutibüschel. Dieses Cornutibüschel besitzen auch die Arten O. deluccai,

Arten mit einem großen Cornutibüschel in der Vesica in einer Bestimmungstabelle

miteinander verglichen und und es werden in diese Tabelle auch indeterminierte

Einzelexemplare vom Balkan einbezogen. Zur Klärung dieser Tiere sollte zunächst der

Holotypus von O. bacescui Popescu-Gor] & Cäpuse, 1965 untersucht werden. Dessen

Ausleihe ist zur Zeit nicht möglich.

Am Schluß der Ausführungen wird die Versetzung von O. parodia Gozmany, 1988 in

die Gattung Apatema angefügt.

Abkürzungen

BLDZ Giorgio Baldizzone, Asti, Italien

DEI Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Miincheberg

MNVD Museum fiir Naturkunde und Vorgeschichte Dessau

SMNK Staatliches Museum fiir Naturkunde Karlsruhe

SUT Reinhard Sutter, Bitterfeld

TLMF Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum, Innsbruck

TMB Természettudomanyi Muzeum, Budapest

TRIB Paolo Triberti, Verona, Italien

ZMHU Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität Berlin

ZMUC Zoologisk Museum, University of Copenhagen, Danemark

ZSM Zoologische Staatssammlung Miinchen

Bestimmungstabelle der Arten mit großem Cornutibüschel in der Vesica

der Männchen

<= IQ sssncedsesaivnninsinsdcn detrei satin aa tases SO a Cente alee ce Raat ene ne 8

2 im Sternit I-II fehlt ein Coremataorgan (Fig. 8) (Genital Fig. 7, 16); Vorderflügel

kontraästarm:(Fis. OA) Ya a: ER O. ceres

-, Sternit I-Il mit. Coremataorgan (Fig. 6) 2... eee 3

3 Phallus in der Vesica nur mit großem und distal spitzem Cornutibüschel,

ein Kleines Cornutibüschel fehlt (Fics ED ee ee O. deauratella

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 189-201 19]

Phallus in der Vesica mit groBem Cornutibüschel und einem weiteren Büschel kleiner

Cornuti, welches vom großen Cornutibüschel verdeckt sein kann (Fig. 13-15,

IS ee een 4

großes Cornutibüschel kompakt, kurz, etwa 2 x so lang wie breit (Fig. 9, 18)

ee ee Seen Beers NOT ven Sere eee sp. vom Balkan

Sroßes Cormutibuschel schlanker (Fig 13 15, D ee ee 3

großes Cornutibüschel distal verjüngt (Fig. 3) bis sehr spitz (Fig. 13), Cornuti des

kleinen Büschels kräftig und zahlreich, ihre Spitzen sınd distalwärts gerichtet, das

sklerotisierte Endstück des Phallus ist breit ....................0.000.000000000... O. huemeri

Richtung der Cornuti des kleinen Büschels + deutlich quer zur Phallusachse

Mer A RR genet nr nm ES nema eee ee ue 6

großes Cornutibüschel von halber Phalluslänge, kleines Büschel mit 6-7 kräftigen

Cornuti, welche deutlich quer zur Phallusachse gerichtet sind (n = 2) (Fig. 2, 14;

mit distal + breitgedrücktem großem Büschel, zwecks Sichtbarmachen des kleinen

Busche | ee NN N ae Phar O. deluccai

großes Cornutibüschel kürzer, kleines Büschel besteht aus mehr als 10 Cornuti

Se miens caline 1

sklerotisiertes Endstück des Phallus schmal und zum Ende hin verjüngt (n = 4)

WISS ee A EN A ere ee etc eee es O. annae

Phallus vordemEndemitgleichbleibenderBreite, die Breitedes Endstiickesistvariabel

undtellsischimnalerals im te wind) DI 2.0. Meere O. ariadne

Signum der Bursa mit langem Enddorn auf kurzer Basis (Fig. 19-24) .............. >,

Enddorn des Signums kürzer als die Länge der Basis (Fig. 25-35) .................. 1]

Ductus bursae relativ kurz und zwischen Bursa und dem Abgang des Ductus

Se nllmalıs=konischa (FI 82 19 DO co O. ariadne

Ductus bursae relatıv lang und zwischen Bursa und dem Abgang des Ductus semina-

lissmiseleichbleibender Breite (ue, > DI rs une mers. 10

Geri aD ie nist esac oer eens: de O. deluccai

CE CN AT DA ae eee ears eM ene ca rhe alot O. huemeri

Ductus bursae zwischen Bursa und dem Abgang des Ductus seminalis mit

eleichbleibender Breite (Fig, 252) rem O. deauratella

das-Leilstück der Bursa ist = konisch (Fig. 28, 31, 34)... 12

lappenförmige Sklerotisierungen distal vom Ostium schwächer gerundet, Tangenten

bilden einen stumpfen Winkel (Fig. 10, Genital Fig. 31-33). Vorderflügel kon-

kasteich, gezeichnet (110 D) em ie O. annae

lappenförmige Sklerotisierungen distal vom Ostium sind stark gerundet, Tangenten

bildenveincntspitzem Winkel (FI) nee nn 13

(Genital Fig. 28-30). Grundfarbe der kontrastarmen Vorderflügel heller oder dunkler

gelbocker (Pie, AUAl ). 2... nennen een O. ceres

(Genital Fig. 34-35). Grundfarbe der kontrastreichen Vorderflügel weiß (Fig. 43)

NR N a ee een tete ber sp. vom Balkan

192 SuTTER: New species of Oegoconia

Oegoconia huemeri sp. n.

Zürnbauer coll. TLMF. — Paratypen: vom Fundort des Holotypus 550 m Q 7.-8.VHI.1959 GU 97/671

TLMF leg. Burmann coll. TLMF; Prad, Praderfeld 900 m & 9.VII.1991 GU Gel 839 TLMF leg. Huemer

coll. TLMF; Pietramurata 250 m Q 4.VII.1991 GU 6839 SUT leg. Speckmeier coll. ZSM; Lago di

Cavedine 300 m Q 23.VII.1984 GU 6843 SUT (Fig. 38) u. 9 S.IX.1981 GU 6842 SUT leg. Speckmeier

Gel 811 TLMF leg. Franz coll. TLMF. Toscana: Giuliano 9 11.-13.VI.1952 GU 6537 SUT leg. Eisenberger

leg. Speckmeier coll. ZSM. Sizilien: ohne Funddaten S GU 6178 SUT coll. Staudinger coll. ZMHU. Insel

Elba: Stracoligno 1 0,3 9 1.-10.X.1975 (Fig. 23 — 24, 39) GU 6833 — 35, 7245 SUT leg. Speckmeier coll.

Schweiz, Tessin : Rovio 9 23.VI.- GU 6545 SUT leg. Krüger coll. ZSM. Kroatien, Insel Krk: Umg. Punat

Q 25.V.1989 GU 97/738 TLMF leg. Habeler coll. TLMF. Insel LoSinj 9 7.IX.1988 GU 6165 SUT leg.

Beck coll. SUT.

Diagnose (Fig. 38-39). Vorderflügelspanne 12-17 mm (Durchschnitt 14 mm); Fühler

dunkelbraun und hell geringelt, das distale Viertel hellocker; Palpen ockerig weiß,

dunkel gefleckt; Kopf oben hellocker, meist hellbraun gemischt; 2. Thorakaltergit und

Tegulae weißlich bis gelblichweiß; Vorderflügel dunkelbraun, die Zeichnung weißlich

oder gelblichweiß, Mittelbinde vom Hinterrand ausgehend oft + verdunkelt, Saum am

Apex selten heller als am Hinterrand; Hinterflügel hellgraubraun.

Vesica; Spitzen der kräftigen und zahlreichen Cornuti des kleinen Büschels distalwärts

gerichtet; großes Cornutibüschel distal teils sehr spitz (Fig. 13), teils weniger spitz

(Fig. 3) oder auch beim Freilegen des kleinen Cornutibüschels + breitgedrückt;

sklerotisiertes Endstück des Phallus breit, Sacculus bei */, verbreitert. Sternit I — II mit

Coremataorgan.

Genital 9 (Fig. 23-24). Ductus bursae zwischen Bursa und Abgang des Ductus

seminalis mit gleichbleibender Breite, sklerotisiert und gekörnt; das Signum mit langem

Enddorn auf kurzer Basis.

Differentialdiagnose. Siehe Bestimmungstabelle.

Anmerkungen. Die Abbildungen von deluccai bei Huemer (1998: Abb. 8, 19, 26, 27)

Der bei Sutter (2001) genannte Abstand der sklerotisierten Lappen distal vom Ostium

varııert und ist zur Unterscheidung von Arten ungeeignet.

Verbreitung. Die Nachweise stammen von Spanien (Pyrenäen), Frankreich (Alpes

Maritimes), Schweiz (Tessin), Italien (Piemonte, Südtirol, Veneto, Toscana, Campania,

Sizilien und der Insel Elba) und Kroatien (Inseln Krk und Loëinj). Die Falter wurden

im Zeitraum Ende Mai bis Mitte Oktober in Höhenlagen bis 1400m gefangen.

Derivatio nominis. Die Art wird Dr. Peter Huemer/Innsbruck gewidmet. Seine Arbeit

über die Oegoconia-Arten war für den Autor Anregung und Ausgangspunkt auch für

vorliegende Arbeit.

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 189-201 193

2. O. deluccai Amsel, Malta GU 7142 SUT. 3. O. huemeri sp. n. Holotypus, Südtirol GU Gel 140 TMLF.

4. O. ariadne Gozmany, Kreta GU 7432 SUT (Maßstab: 0,3 mm)

194 SUTTER: New species of Oegoconia

Oegoconia ceres sp. n.

(Fig. 7, 8, 16, 40) GU 7253 SUT leg. BLDZ & TRIB coll. BLDZ. Paratypen: mit Daten des Holotypus

2 0,409 (Fig. 30) GU 9 7263 SUT leg. BLDZ & TRIB coll. BLDZ (1 Q coll. SUT); vom Fundort des

TRIB; M.te Arcosu, Perdu Melis 320m 4 9 25.6. u. 3.7.2004 GU 9 7265 SUT leg. BLDZ & TRIB coll.

UMB ; Musei 120m 1 Q 28.V.1974 GU 9 3561 Karsholt leg. Hartig coll. ZMUC.

Diagnose (Fig. 40, 41). Vorderflügelspanne 10-15 mm (Durchschnitt ¢ 12 mm, ¢ 13

mm); Fühler dunkelgraubraun und + deutlich hell geringelt, das distale Viertel nicht

heller; Palpen weißlich, + dunkel gefleckt; Kopf oben heller oder dunkler gelbocker; 2.

Thorakaltergit dunkelgraubraun oder grau, lateral auch mit gelbockerigen Schuppen;

Tegulae gelbocker, selten hellgrau; Vorderflügel dunkelgraubraun, die Zeichnung heller

oder dunkler gelbocker, der Saum am Apex nicht heller als am Hinterrand; Hinterflügel

graubraun.

Vesica; Spitzen der Cornuti des kleinen Büschels annähernd quer zur Phallusachse

gerichtet; sklerotisiertes Endstück des Phallus schmal; Sacculus bei Me verbreitert;

Sternit I-II ohne Coremataorgan.

Genital go (Fig. 11, 28-30). Ductus bursae zwischen Bursa und dem Abgang des

Ductus seminalis leicht bauchig konisch, sklerotisiert und gekörnt; die lappenförmigen

Sklerotisierungen distal vom Ostium sind rundlich und Tangenten bilden einen spitzen

Winkel. Signum mit kurzem Dorn auf langer Basis.

Differentialdiagnose. Siehe Bestimmungstabelle. Bei den ebenfalls auf Sardinien

und im Genital 9 ist der Ductus bursae häutig.

Verbreitung. Alle Nachweise stammen von Sardinien aus Höhenlagen bis 750m.

Die Falter kommen zum Licht und wurden im Zeitraum Ende Mai bis Anfang Juli

gefangen.

Derivatio nominis. Ceres ist der Name der römischen Göttin der Feldfrüchte.

Oegoconia annae sp. n.

Material. Holotypus GC: Italien, Sardinien, Aritzo, 10.1X.1934 (Fig. 5, 6, 17, 42) GU 7365 SUT leg.

coll. BLDZ; Belvi 9 6.VIII.1936 (Fig. 10, 33) GU 6917 SUT leg. Amsel coll. ÜMB; Belvi M.te Istiddi

700m Q 30.V111.1974 GU 7330 SUT leg. Hartig coll. BLDZ; Barbag, Belvi, Ortuabis: Bau Trottu 840m

GU 6904 SUT leg. et coll. Kuchlein; Prov. Nuoro, 10 km w. Dorgali Q 26.V11.1999 (Fig. 31, 32) GU 7250

SUT leg. et coll. TRIB; Prov. Cagliari: Domusnovas, Sa Duchessa 350m Q 30.V1.2004 GU 7251 SUT leg.

TRIB & BLDZ coll. TRIB.

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 189-201 195

typus, Sardinien GU 7365 SUT. 7-8. O. ceres sp. n. Holotypus, Sardinien GU 7253 SUT. 9. O. sp.,

0,1 mm)

196 SUTTER: New species of Oegoconia

Diagnose (Fig. 42). Vorderflügelspanne 11-14 mm (Durchschnitt 13 mm); Fühler

dunkelbraun und im basalen Drittel oder länger hell geringelt, das distale Viertel

weißlich beschuppt; Palpen weiBlich und braun bis schwarzbraun gefleckt; Kopf oben

braun, schwach heller gemischt; 2. Thorakaltergit und Tegulae weiß; Vorderflügel

schwärzlichbraun mit weißer Zeichnung, der Saum am Apex weiß; Hinterflügel

hellgraubraun.

Vesica; Spitzen der Cornuti des kleinen Büschels annähernd quer zur Phallusachse

gerichtet; sklerotisiertes Endstück des Phallus relativ schmal und schwach verjüngt (n

= 4); Sacculus bei */ ; nicht verbreitert, Sternit I — II mit Coremataorgan.

Genital 9 (Fig. 10, 31-33). Ductus bursae zwischen Bursa und dem Abgang des

Ductus seminalis konisch; die lappenförmigen Sklerotisierungen distal vom Ostium

sind schwächer gerundet und Tangenten bilden einen stumpfen Winkel; Signum mit

kurzem Dorn auf langer Basis.

Differentialdiagnose. Siehe Bestimmungstabelle. Habituell leicht zu verwechseln mit

der ebenfalls auf Sardinien vorkommenden O. uralskella corsa, bei welcher in der

Vesica Cornutibüschel fehlen und im Genital 9 ist der Ductus häutig.

Verbreitung. Die wenigen Nachweise stammen von Sardinien aus Höhenlagen bis

920m. Die Falter kommen zum Licht und wurden im Zeitraum Ende Juni bis Anfang

September gefangen.

Derivationominis.DieseArtwidmeichmeinerFrau.SiehatmeinerFreizeitbeschäftigung

mit Faltern immer Verständnis entgegengebracht.

Oegoconia deauratella (Herrich-Schäffer, 1854)

Terlien coll. Kuchlein; Egmond a Zee 9 20.VII.1995 leg. et coll. Kuchlein ; Prov. Groningen, Grote Kaap

(2003). Ungarn, Ofen (Budapest) 9 ohne Funddaten coll. Staudinger coll. ZMHU. Rumänien, Tirgusor

2 9 24.V1.1965 leg. Samson (als Paratypen bacescui etikettiert, aber nicht im Typenverzeichnis enthalten)

coll. DEI; Hagieni SQ 7.VII.1973 leg. Thomas coll. MNVD. Makedonien, Matka, Treska-Schlucht 9

Soffner coll. DEI; Slatni Pjasazi @ 13.VII.1960 leg. Schulze coll. DEI. Russland, Taganrog 9 15.V1.1875

Türkei, Prov. Konya, Aksehir 1000 m & 20.-31.V11.1967 leg. Czipka coll. ZSM. Iran, Schakuh coll. UMB.

Anmerkung. Der bei Huemer (1998: 106) verzeichnete Nachweis von O. deauratella

für Sardinien, Musei 9 28.V.1974 leg. Hartig coll. ZMUC wird als O. ceres sp. n.

determiniert. |

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 189-201 197

Fig. 12-18. Oegoconia spp., Phallus. 12 O. deauratella Herrich-Schäffer, Makedonien GU 7235

SUT. 13. O. huemeri sp. n. Paratypus, Piemonte GU 6546 SUT. 14. O. deluccai Amsel, Malta GU 7142

SUT. 15. O. ariadne Gozmany, Kreta GU 7432 SUT. 16. O. ceres sp. n. Holotypus, Sardinien GU 7253

SUT. 17. O. annae sp. n. Holotypus, Sardinien GU 7365 SUT. 18. O. sp., Serbien GU 7433 SUT (Maßstab:

0,2 mm)

198 SUTTER: New species of Oegoconia

Oegoconia deluccai Amsel, 1952

Material. Malta, Buskett S 3.V1.2003 GU 7142 SUT (Fig. 2, 14, 36) und 9 19.V.2003 GU 7144 SUT

(Fig. 22) leg. et coll. Sammut; Bosketto 2 @ 1.X.1953 (bei Amsel 1955: 28 unter O. quadripuncta Haworth)

GU 2755 u. 2808 Gozmany leg. DeLucca coll. TMB; Rabat 9 4.1X.1982 GU 6939 Gozmany leg. et coll.

Sammut ; Hagan Qim 9 16.X.1984 GU 6941 Gozmany leg. et coll. Sammut ; Pembroke 9 9.XI.1992 GU

Verbreitung. O. deluccai ist auf Malta und der vorgelagerten Insel Gozo endemisch

verbreitet.

Anmerkung. Die bei Huemer (1998) und Sutter (2001) irrtümlich als O. deluccai

dargestellte Art ist identisch mit O. huemeri sp. n.

Oegoconia ariadne Gozmany, 1988

Lefkos Q 25.V.1997 leg. et coll. SUT. Samos, Kokkari Q 11.V1.2000, 9 17.V.2001 leg. et coll.SUT.

Anmerkung. Ein Männchen von Bulgarien, Piringebirge, Liljanowo27.VI.—25.VII.1985

GU 6553 SUT leg. Eichler coll. ZSM kann nach den vorliegenden Untersuchungen nur

durch weitere Exemplare vom südlichen Balkan.

Oegoconia sp. vom Balkan

Albanien, Dajti, Shkall Prisk 850m 9 27.VI. —2.VII.1961 GU 620d Sattler, Albanien-Expedition des DEI.

VIIL1988 GU 6157 SUT leg. et coll. Karisch ; Piringebirge, Liljanowo 2 9 24.VII.—14.VII.1983 (Fig.

34-35) GU 6411, 6412 SUT leg. Eichler coll. ZSM.

Anmerkung. Es wird vermutet, daf alle angeführten Exemplare nur einer Art ange-

Capuse 1965 gehören. Der Holotypus von O. bacescui konnte bisher nicht ausgeliehen

werden.

Oegoconia uralskella corsa Sutter & LiSka, 2003

Zum Zeitpunkt der Beschreibung von O. uralskella corsa lagen von Sardinien den

Autoren nur Männchen vor und die Verbreitung dieser Art galt für Sardinien als

ungesichert (Sutter & Liska 2003: 74). Nun konnte mit einem Weibchen von Sardinien,

Fontanamele 6.X.1977 GU 7331 SUT leg. Hartig coll. BLDZ die Verbreitung von

O. uralskella corsa auf Sardinien gesichert werden. Insgesamt wurden vom Autor 280,

lo von 18 Fundpunkten auf Sardinien determiniert. Die Tiere befinden sich in den coll.

BLDZ, Kuchlein, MTB, UMB, TRIB, ZMUC und ZSM.

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 189-201 199

Fig. 19-35. Oegoconia spp., Genital 9, Signa. 19-20. O. ariadne Gozmany. 19. Kreta GU 6577 SUT.

20. Kreta GU 7080 SUT. 21-22. O. deluccai Amsel. 21. Malta GU 7145 SUT. 22. Malta GU 7144 SUT.

23-24. O. huemeri sp. n., Paratypen. 23. Isl. Elba GU 7245 SUT. 24. Isl. Elba GU 6835 SUT. 25-27.

O. deauratella Herrich-Schäffer. 25-26. Pirin-Gebirge GU 6554 SUT. 27. Deutschland GU 6455 SUT.

28-30. O. ceres sp. n., Paratypen. 28-29. Sardinien GU 7266 SUT. 30. Sardinien GU 7263 SUT. 31-33.

O. annae sp. n., Paratypen. 31-32. Sardinien GU 7250 SUT. 33. Sardinien GU 6917 SUT. 34-35. O. sp.,

Pirin-Gebirge GU 6412 SUT (Maßstab: Genital 0,3 mm, Signa 0,1 mm)

200 SUTTER: New species of Oegoconia

GU 9 7145 SUT. 38-39. O. huemeri sp. n., Paratypen. 38. Südtirol GU Q 6843 SUT. 39. Isl. Elba GU

d' 7236 SUT. 44-47. Apatema parodia (Gozmany, 1988) comb. n. Genital 9, Flügel, Geäder, Signum.

Holotypus Marokko GU 9 6084 Gozmany. (Maßstab: Genital 0,3 mm, Signum 0,1 mm)

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 189-201 201

weiteren Oegoconia-Arten bekannt.

Apatema parodia (Gozmany, 1988) comb. n.

Vom Holotypus Oegoconia parodia (coll. SMNK) konnten der Falter (Fig. 45) und die

GU 6084 Gozmany (Fig. 44, 47) untersucht werden. Aufgrund des Geäders (Fig. 46)

wird O. parodia in die Gattung Apatema versetzt.

Anmerkung. In der Beschreibung von O. parodia sind folgende 39 als Typenmaterial

verzeichnet: Holotypus GU 6084 Gozmany von Marokko, Paratypus GU 6085 Gozmany

mit den Daten des Holotypus und der Paratypus GU 6176 Gozmany von Spanien.

Die Genitale der 292 von Marokko hat Gozmany (1988: 190 fig. 15) als Zeichnung

abgebildet. Huemer (1998: 116, Abb. 21) hat von O. parodia nur den Paratypus von

Spanien abbilden können, dessen Genital offensichtlich nicht mit dem Genital des

Holotypus (Fig. 44) übereinstimmt. Auch das Exemplar des Paratypus von Spanien hat

ein Apatema-Geäder.

Danksagung

Mein Dank gilt Giorgio Baldizzone (Asti), Laszl6 Gozmäny (Budapest), Timm Karisch (Dessau), Ole

Karsholt (Kobenhavn), Joop H. Kuchlein (Wageningen), Jan LiSka (Prag), Helmut Riemann (Bremen),

Paul M. Sammut (Rabat), Andreas Segerer (Miinchen), Jan Skyva (Prag) und Paolo Triberti (Verona)

fiir die Ausleihe des fiir vorliegende Arbeit wichtigen und teils sehr umfangreichen Materials und Peter

Huemer (Innsbruck) insbesonders fiir die Durchsicht des Manuskriptes.

Literatur

Amsel, H. G. 1952. Two new Micro-Lepidoptera from Malta. — The Entomologist 85: 172-174.

Amsel, H. G. 1955. Uber mediterrane Microlepidopteren und einige transcaspische Arten. — Institut royal

des Sciences naturelles de Belgique 31: 1-64.

Gozmany, L. A. 1988. New Symmocid species from the wider Mediterranean Region (Lepidoptera, Sym-

mocidae). — Bolletino del Museo regionale di Scienze naturali, Torino 6 (1): 175-192.

Huemer, P. 1998. Neue Erkenntnisse zur Identität und Verbreitung europäischer Oegoconia-Arten (Lepi-

doptera, Autostichidae). — Mitteilungen der Münchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft 88: 99-117.

Sutter, R. 2001. Zur Identität von Oegoconia ariadne Gozmany, 1988 (Lep., Symmocidae). — Entomologi-

sche Nachrichten und Berichte, Dresden 45 (2): 111-114.

Sutter, R. 2003. Die Arten der Gattung Oegoconia Stainton, 1854 in Deutschland und ihre Verbreitung in

Ostdeutschland (Lepidoptera: Autostichidae). — Beitrage zur Entomologie, Keltern 53 (2): 437-447.

Sutter, R. & J. Liska 2003. Oegoconia uralskella corsa ssp. n. (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Autostichidae). —

Entomologische Abhandlungen Dresden 60: 73-78.

202 Book revievs

Leraut, P. 2006. Moths of Europe. Volume I. Saturnids, Lasiocampids, Hawkmoths,

Tiger Moths... — N.A.P. Editions, Verrières le Buisson. 395 pp., 78 colour plates

depicting 1’098 specimens. ISBN 2-913688-07-1. English version 59 € [A French

version is available at the same price]. More information on the publishers’ website:

www.napeditions.com

This is a well illustrated field guide in the style of the butterfly books by Higgins & Riley

and Tolman & Lewington. Indeed, the scope and size of the work immediately invite

comparison with Rougeot & Viette’s 1978 book «Guide des Papillons Nocturnes d’Europe

et d’Afrique du Nord.” While the Rougeot & Viette guide treated only eight families of the

heterogenous assemblage traditionally termed “Bombyces” the Leraut guide includes the

following nineteen families: Saturniidae: 10 species (+ | extra-European species figured);

Lemoniidae: 4 (+ 3); Brahmaeidae: 1; Bombycidae: 1; Endromidae: 1; Notodontidae:

47 (+ 8); Lasiocampidae: 38 (+ 19); Drepanidae: 20 (+ 1); Lymantriidae: 28 (+ 6); Axiidae:

3 (+ 2); Limacodidae: 4 (+ 1); Somabrachyidae: | (+ 5); Heterogynidae: 7 (+ 2); Thyrididae:

1; Castniidae: | (the recently introduced Paysandisia archon); Cossidae: 17 (+ 29); Sphin-

gidae: 33 (+ 3); Hepialidae: 15 (+ 6); and Arctiidae: 88 (+ 28). In total some 320 European

species are treated in detail and another 114 North African, Middle Eastern, and Central

Asian species are figured “for complementary information and for their beauty”.

The area covered by the book is Europe, but as there is no discussion of the geography in

the introductory chapters the eastern delimitation of what the author considers “Europe” is

not quite clear. Strangely, the map projection chosen for the distribution maps is one which

does not allow to include the southeastern parts of Europe (Greece, Macedonia, Bulgaria,

Romania, Moldova, Ukraine, Belarus, and most parts of European Russia), which is all the

more inexplicable as the maps are set in frames that show a considerable expanse of empty

Atlantic Ocean on the left. Many southeastern species like Axia nesiota, Hyles zygophylli,

Stygia mosulensis, Dyspessa salicicola, and others do not have a distribution map at all

while other species like Lemonia balcanica, Peridea korbi, or Dolbina elegans show only

small distribution dots at the extreme right-hand border of the map. Apart from this, the use

of maps with modern political borders would have improved the book: Lithuania, Latvia,

and Estonia are still shown as parts of Russia; the Czech Republic and Slovakia are shown

as one country, as are Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, Bosnia-Herzegowina, Montenegro, and

Macedonia..

The text for each species contains brief descriptions of male and female imago, variation,

closely related species, biology (with host plants, habitat, and altitude range), flight-time,

distribution, status (abundance), comments, and Englisch and French vernacular names.

The text part also includes numerous line drawings by well-known scientific illustrator

Gilbert Hodebert, showing genitalia, wing marking features, and venation.

A rather unusual feature for a field guide is the inclusion of a number of new taxa descriptions

which might have been better placed in journals where more detailed descriptions and figures

could have been given. The three new species and five new subspecies are: Cilix algirica

n. sp. from North Africa and (somewhat doubtfully) Portugal, Heterogynis valdeblorensis

n. sp. and Heterogynis pravieli n. sp., both from France, Paidia rica lusitanica n. ssp.

from Portugal, Eilema lutarella luqueti n. ssp. from France, Notodonta dromedarius cleui

n. ssp. from the French Alps, Orgyia aurolimbata catalonica n. ssp. from the Pyrenees,

Somabrachys codeti rungsi n. ssp. from Morocco; and five new forms. A significant number

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 202-205 203

of status changes, new combinations and synonymies are noted. In particular, there is a

revised nomenclature of the genus Somabrachys which Leraut divides into six species

while de Freina & Witt (1990) had united all Somabrachys taxa into one species. In Setina

only three European species are recognized: irrorella, ramosa (= aurita nom. praeocc.) and

roscida; all other taxa are downgraded to subspecies or synonymized. In addition to the

European Holcocerus aries no less than 13 additional palearctic Holcocerus species are

figured (Pls 42-43), some of them transferred to Holcocerus from other genera.

There are a few inconsistencies in the treatment: some northern European species (Holoarctia

fridolini, Acerbia alpina, and the rare Borearctia menetriesi) are not figured and only briefly

mentioned in the comments section of related species. In Eilema lurideola a specimen with

an atypically shortened costal streak is figured both on the plate and in the text. The female

of Pharmacis claudiae is no longer unknown; it has been described and figured a decade

ago (Bertaccini et al. 1997; Pro Natura — Schweizerischer Bund fiir Naturschutz 2000).

The colour plates are of good quality. The specimens are shown against a white background

with an electronically produced grey shadow — a feature provided by most imaging software

nowadays — which can be helpful when white moths or specimens with pale or contrasting

fringe scales are figured, but in greyish specimens this tends to obscure wing shape and in

others antennal structure. From the users’ point of view it is a great pity that so many plates

show the specimens in reduced size. In a few families like Saturniidae and Sphingidae

this hardly affects identification. However, as the reduction is not noted on the plates

inexperienced readers may be confused, especially as the rate of reduction varies not only

from plate to plate but also within the plates; e.g. some Hepialus humuli are the same size as

Gazoryctra ganna. On at least one plate (Heterogynidae and Thyrididae) the specimens are

enlarged. Although each species’ wingspan is stated in the legends to the plates (e.g. "28-50

mm’) this is not really helpful as it requires either a familiarity with the group in question

or the application of a ruler. For future editions the use of the same rate of reduction for all

specimens on a plate and the inclusion of a scale bar should be considered.

Specimens are photographed with the light-source situated in front and above the moths,

but so low that wing structures (veins, folds) become apparent, which can be helpful in

some groups but rather inconvenient in others, e.g. in Eilema where the shadows on the

wings tend to obscure the finer details of colour.

In some instances the figured moths are the same individuals as in the Rougeot & Viette

guide and make for an interesting comparison of 28 years’ progress in photography and

printing technology (see for example RV plate 22 and Leraut plate 19). The Leraut plates

show a better gradation in the light tones.

Looking at all the Middle Eastern and Central Asian species figured in this book — interesting

and beautiful though they are — some readers might ask if they could not have been left out

in favour of natural-size figures of the European species? Or, alternatively, could not at least

the North African fauna — which is quite comprehensively figured in this book — also be

treated in detail in the text in one of the next editions?

As a whole the book is well produced, with robust, laminated covers and it is astonishingly

compact (20 x 13 cm) and lightweight considering the large number of species treated. It

will be especially useful as a field companion and may be a good alternative for those who

look for a comprehensive yet affordable and portable book.

AXEL STEINER

204 Book revievs

References

Bertaccini, E., G. Fiumi & P. Provera 1997. Bombici 1 Sfingi d’Italia (Lepidoptera Heterocera). Vol. 2.

— Natura - Giuliano Russo, Monterenzio. 256 pp., 16 col. pls.

de Freina, J. J. & T. Witt 1990. Die Bombyces und Sphinges der Westpalaearktis (Insecta, Lepidoptera).

Band 2. — Edition Forschung und Wissenschaft, München. 140 pp., 10 col. pls.

Pro Natura — Schweizerischer Bund fiir Naturschutz 2000. Schmetterlinge und ihre Lebensräume. Arten,

Gefährdung, Schutz. Band 3. — Fotorotar AG, Egg. XII, 914 pp., 34 col. pls.

Marianne Horak 2006. Olethreutine moths of Australia (Lepidoptera: Tortri-

cidae), with contributions by Furumi Komai. — Monographs on Australian Lepi-

doptera 10. — CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Australia. 528 pp. Hardback (ISBN

0 643 09093 2). 160.00 AUS.

With just over 9,000 described species the Tortricidae form the second largest lineage

within Microlepidoptera after the Gelechioidea, but they are more important economically.

The majority of tortricid larvae are leafrollers, but internal feeders are present in all

three subgroups: the Tortricinae, Chlidanotinae, and Olethreutinae. The magnificent new

monograph here reviewed contains much information of importance on Olethreutinae of

Australia and elsewhere. Olethreutine moths of Australia starts with a full page abstract,

an informative introduction, a material and methods chapter, and acknowledgments. The

main chapters treat the phylogeny, morphology, life history, diversity and distribution, and

the Australian genera of Olethreutinae. The book is completed with a list of references, a

character matrix for the cladistic analysis, a list of host plants of oletreuthine genera, and

finally an index.

A detailed description of the subfamily is given in chapters Phylogeny, Morphology,

Biology, and Diversity and distribution. A cladistic analysis based on 126 morphological

characters for 73 olethreutine genera plus two outgroup taxa is provided; it was made

with WinClada and NONA. In chapter Morphology, a detailed description is given for the

structures of the head, thorax (incl. wings and legs), pregenital abdomen, as well as male

and female genitalia. The text is illustrated with numerous photographs of the structures

described in the text, and the variation of olethreutine wing venation is shown by images

of wing preparations of representatives of more than 50 genera. A general idea of the life

history of olethreutines is given in chapter Biology. Here, Marianne Horak links life history

information with morphology and phylogeny, e.g. the egg-laying mode is correlated with

ovipositor morphology, and the ancestral tortricid larvae where external feeders. Host-plant

records are available for at least one species of 75% of the Australian genera, but still there

are often too few records to provide information about food spectrum. Nevertheless, first

generalisations are justified to characterise certain genera by their larval host plants. In the

chapter Diversity and distribution Marianne Horak shows that the majority of Australian

olethreutine genera occur in the northeastern part of the continent and is related to the

Oriental fauna. There are relatively few endemics, but diversity is regarded as high with

249 described species and an estimated 200 undescribed.

The main part of the book, headed Australian olethreutine genera, starts with a key

and reviews the 90 genera occurring in Australia, which are classified into six tribes

and several genus groups. For each genus the author gives full synonymy, a diagnosis,

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 202-205 205

a morphological description (head, thorax, wings, pregenital abdomen, male and female

genitalia), distribution, life history, remarks, and a list of the constituent species in Australia

(containing references of original descriptions, original generic combinations, and type

locality). Numerous nomenclatural innovations are provided. For Australia, 12 new genera

and 16 new species are described; and one revised and 41 new generic combinations are

proposed. For taxa occuring outside Australia, one more genus is revised as valid, and

80 new generic combinations are provided. In addition, several names are proposed for

synonymy and Argyroploce Hübner remains as an unplaced taxon. The treatment of the

genera is Well illustrated by photographs of the head, scaled wings, as well as male and

female genitalia.

The detailed descriptions and illustrations perfectly enable the identification of all Australian

and some Oriental olethreutine genera, as well as a number of species. Moreover, it is a

comprehensive treatment of these animals from Australia, which significantly improves

our understanding of the phylogenetic relationships of Olethreutinae, their life history,

and diversity. Without any doubt, it will have a crucial impact on our understanding of

olethreutine evolution worldwide. It can be recommended to anybody interested in the

systematics, ecology, applied entomology, or evolutionary biology of Olethreutinae.

Anyone who will check this book will recognise the immense and careful work, and will

want to congratulate Marianne Horak and her collaborator, Furumi Komai.

MATTHIAS Nuss

206 Instructions for authors

NOTA

LEPIDOPTEROLOGICA

A journal focussed on Palaearctic and General Lepidopterology

Published by the Societas Europaea Lepidopterologica e.V.

htt p -/ Www. soceurlep.org

INSTRUCTIONS FOR AUTHORS

Co-Editors: Dr Bernard Landry and Dr Matthias Nuss

Manuscripts and all related correspondence should be sent to Dr Matthias Nuss

Museum für Tierkunde, Königsbrücker Landstr. 159, 01109 Dresden, Germany

e-mail: matthias.nuss@snsd.smwk.sachsen.de

General. Nota lepidopterologica is a scientific journal published by Societas Europaea

Lepidopterologica (SEL) on May 15 and November 15 each year. Because SEL is a registered

non-profit organization, no royalties will be paid to authors of contributions. A pdf and twenty-

five reprints of each paper will normally be supplied free of charge to the first author; additional

copies may be ordered on a form enclosed with the proofs. However, no reprints (even for

charge) will be available for book reviews.

Authors are encouraged to submit their manuscripts in English, but German and French are

also accepted. Papers submitted for publication should be original contributions to the study

of Palaearctic Lepidoptera, especially on taxonomy, morphology/anatomy, phylogenetics,

biogeography, ecology, and conservation. The submission of a manuscript implies that it has not

been published or submitted elsewhere.

Papers may be up to 15 printed pages long, or 10,000 words. For longer papers, authors are

requested to contact the editor in advance. Authors are requested to make every effort to carry

out linguistic corrections before submitting their manuscript and the rules of British English

(not US) grammar and spelling should be used. Manuscripts requiring extensive linguistic

improvement will be returned to the author(s). Authors are asked to carefully observe the

following guidelines. Manuscripts not conforming to these instructions or requiring extensive

editorial improvement are liable to be returned to the author(s) without further consideration.

Preparation of text for a full paper. A manuscript should begin with (1) an informative and

concise Title; all authors’ full names, full postal addresses, and e-mail addresses (if available);

and the name, phone and fax numbers of the author to whom correspondence should be

addressed.

This should be followed by (2) an Abstract (an abstract in English is mandatory) not exceeding

200 words and giving a succinct account of the subject, results and conclusions. Abstracts in

up to two other languages (e.g., German and French) can also be published if provided by the

authors. No abstracts are required for short communications.

The text should be clearly structured into chapters and should usually consist of (3) an

Introduction chapter; (4) a Material and Methods chapter (only Methods chapter in taxonomic

papers, if material is listed separately for each taxon); (5) a list of Abbreviations; (6) one or

several chapters presenting the Results (or the species (re)descriptions in taxonomic papers);

(7) a Discussion and/or Conclusion chapter; (8) Acknowledgements (if desired); (9) a list of

References; (10) Appendices (optional).

Contents of the chapters. The Introduction should make the article accessible to a

broad range of lepidopterists. For taxonomic papers this means that some general information

Nota lepid. 30 (1): 207-209 207

should be provided on the taxa treated (e.g. closest relatives, current situation in the systematic

research of that group, phylogenetic and biogeographical information). In the result(s) chapter(s),

(re)descriptions of taxa should have the full name of the taxon, including author and year of

description as a heading. Species descriptions should be divided into sections such as ‘material’,

‘description’, ‘diagnosis’ (mandatory), ‘etymology’, and perhaps ‘life history’, ‘distribution’,

and ‘remarks’. Furthermore, the ‘description’ section should be divided into subsections, e.g.

‘measurements’, ‘colouration’, ‘head’, ‘thorax’, ‘legs’, ‘abdomen’, ‘$ genitalia’, ‘$ genitalia’,

where articles (e.g. ‘the’, ‘a’) should be avoided as much as possible. In the description and

diagnosis sections, relevant characters/differences, even if shown in the illustrations, should

also explicitly be described in words. A Diagnosis is defined as a clear comparison of characters

that separate the taxon being diagnosed from similar or closely related taxa, with the names of

these also mentioned. Lists of taxa, locations, etc. that might disturb the fluency of the text might

be accommodated in one or several appendices that should be numbered in Arabic numerals

(e.g., Appendix 1). All through the text factual evidence and interpretations or hypothetical

conclusions should be clearly separated.

Nomenclature. The first mention of any organism should include its full scientific name

with author and year of publication. For plant names the year of publication should be left out,

but the standardised abbreviations of authors of plants names should be used and the family

names should be mentioned. For systematic papers authors should strictly follow the provisions

of the current edition of the /nternational Code of Zoological Nomenclature and the resolution

on gender agreement published by Manfred Sommerer in Nota lepidopterologica 25 (2/3):

202. New species-group taxa must be carefully distinguished from their congeners (key and/or

diagnosis); if they are compared only to members of a subordinate species group, the latter must

be diagnosed. The abbreviations gen. n., sp. n., syn. n., comb. n. or similar have to be used to

explicitly indicate all taxonomic acts. New genus-group or higher-level taxa are only accepted

if their proposal is accompanied by explicit phylogenetic reasoning. In line with the most recent

edition of the ICZN (1999), the editors urge all authors of newly described species-group taxa

to deposit holotypes in publicly accessible collections. A clear statement about type depositions

is mandatory.

Style and format.Generally keep formatting to a minimum. Please do not use indentations

(e.g., for the first line of a paragraph), and do not hyphenate the text. Scientific names of genera

and species should be in italics. Authors’ names are not formatted in small caps. Fore wing length

should be given priority over wingspan, but for comparative reasons one might consider giving

both measurements. References in the text should be cited by author and date, e.g. Higgins

(1950), (Higgins & Riley 1980a, b; Kingsolver 1978), or (Robinson & Tuck 1996). Reference

to particular figures, tables, plates, or pages of cited publications should be given as: fig. 1;

figs 1-3, tab. 1; pl. 3 fig. 4; in case of pages: 5, 7-9, etc. (without pp.); such indications should

be uniformly embedded in the citations, e. g., Meier (1936: 35, pl. 7 fig. 5). Male and female

symbols have to be coded as $ and § respectively. Special characters with diacritic marks usually

not included in the West European fonts (e.g. Slavic languages, Romanian, Turkish, etc.) should

also be coded; the codes used must be presented on a separate sheet with a printed version of

the manuscript. If special characters are used from the word processing software, these should

be taken from the font Times New Roman. Geographic and other names in languages where

other than Latin characters are used should be given in the transliteration/transcription (not

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of the local administrative subdivisions and features should also be given as they are spelt in this

atlas (international glossary and index-gazetteer sections).

In the Material section of species descriptions, type material should be listed before the

remaining material, with the latter set off by a long dash. For primary type specimens, the

complete label data should be quoted using single quotation marks ‘...’ for starting and

terminating the quotation of one label, a vertical line | for separating different lines of the label,

angled brackets <...> for including comments into the quotation (e.g. <sic>), and square brackets

[...] for expansions of abbreviations (e.g., Bras[il].) and for the conversion of measurements.

Abbreviations of institutional collections should be taken from the list of Insect and Spider

Collections of the World of the Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii at http://hbs.bishopmuseum.

org/codens/codens-r-us.html. For all other specimens, localities should be given in order of

increasing precision as shown here:

208 Instructions for authors

Material. Holotype §, ‘Turkey, Hakk.[ari] | 8 km E. of Uludere, | 1200 m, 10.vi.1984’, ‘Meier leg.’, ‘coll.

MTD Dresden’, ‘Holotype | Aus beus sp. n. § | det. A. Schmidt’, MTD. — Paratypes: 7$, 3§, same data, but

NHMW. 28, 1$, Iraq, Kurdistan, Sersang, 1500 m, Higgins leg., BMNH; 1$ Kurdistan, Shaqlawa, 2500

ft, 15/24 May 1957, Higgins leg., BMNH.

The list of references must include all and only the sources that are mentioned in the text. They

should be arranged in alphabetical order and provide the full journal names. References by two

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Higgins, L. G. 1950. A descriptive catalogue of the Palaearctic Euphydryas (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera). —

Transactions of the Royal entomological Society of London 101: 435-489.

Higgins, L. G. & N. D. Riley 1980. A field guide to the butterflies of Britain and Europe. 4th ed. — Collins,

London. 384 pp., 63 pls.

Robinson, G. S. & K. R. Tuck 1996. Describing and comparing high invertebrate diversity in tropical

forest — a case study of small moths in Borneo. Pp. 29-42. — In: D. S. Edwards, W. E. Booth & S. C.

Choy (eds), Tropical rainforest research — current issues. — Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.

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1978; Higgins & Riley 1980a, b), unless explicitly mentioned otherwise.

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SOCIETAS EUROPAEA LEPIDOPTEROLOGICA e.V.

Nota lepidopterologica wird als wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift von der Societas Europaea

Lepidopterologica (SEL) herausgegeben und den Mitgliedern der SEL zugesandt. Autoren, die

Manuskripte für die Publikation in der Nota lepidopterologica einreichen môchten, finden die

jeweils gültigen Autorenrichtlinien auf der Homepage der SEL unter http://www.soceurlep.org.

Der Verkauf von Einzelheften und älteren Jahrgängen von Nota lepidopterologica sowie der Verkauf

der Zeitschrift an Nichtmitglieder erfolgt durch Apollo Books, Kirkeby Sand 19, DK-5771

Stenstrup; e-mail: apollobooks@vip.cybercity.dk. Die Mitgliedschaft bei der SEL steht

Einzelpersonen und Vereinen nach Maßgabe der Satzung offen. Der Aufnahmeantrag ist an den

Mitgliedssekretär Willy De Prins, Dorpstraat 401 B, B-3061 Leefdaal, Beigien; e-mail:

willy.de.prins@telenet.be zu richten. Das Antragsformular ist im Internet auf der Homepage der

SEL unter http://www.soceurlep.org erhältlich. Der Mitgliedsbeitrag ist jahrlich am Jahresanfang

zu entrichten. Er beträgt für Einzelpersonen € 35,00 bzw. für Vereine € 45,00. Die

Aufnahmegebühr beträgt € 2,50. Die Zahlung wird auf das SEL-Konto 19 56 50 507 bei der

Postbank Köln (BLZ 370 100 50) erbeten (IBAN: DE63 3701 0050 0195 6505 07; BIC:

PBNKDEFF). Mitteilungen in Beitragsangelegenheiten werden an den Schatzmeister Dr. Robert

Trusch, Staatliches Museum fiir Naturkunde, Erbprinzenstr. 13, D-76133 Karlsruhe; e-mail:

trusch@smnk.de erbeten. Adressenänderungen sollten umgehend dem Mitgliedssekretär oder dem

Schatzmeister mitgeteilt werden.

Published by the Societas Europaea Lepidopterologica (SEL), Nota lepidopterologica is a scientific

journal that members of SEL receive as part of their membership. Authors who would like to submit

papers for publication in Nota lepidopterologica are asked to take into consideration the relevant

instructions for authors available on the SEL homepage at http://www.soceurlep.org. The sales

of single and back issues of Nota lepidopterologica as well as sales to non-members of SEL are

under the responsibility of Apollo Books, Kirkeby Sand 19, DK-5771 Stenstrup; e-mail: apollo-

books @vip.cybercity.dk. The membership is open to individuals and associations as provided for by

the statutes of SEL. Applications for membership are to be addressed to the Membership Secretary

Willy De Prins, Dorpstraat 401 B, B-3061 Leefdaal, Belgium; e-mail: willy.de.prins@telenet.be.

The application form is available on the SEL homepage. The annual subscription is to be paid at

the beginning of the year. It is 35.00 € for individuals or 45.00 € for associations. The admission

fee is 2.50 €. Dues should be paid to SEL account no. 19 56 50 507 at Postbank Köln [Cologne]

(bank code 370 100 50; IBAN: DE63 3701 0050 0195 6505 07; BIC: PBNKDEFF) or to local

treasures as mentioned on the website. Communications related to membership contributions

should be sent to the Treasurer Dr Robert Trusch, Staatliches Museum fiir Naturkunde,

Erbprinzenstr. 13, D-76133 Karlsruhe; e-mail: trusch@smnk.de. Changes of addresses should be

immediately communicated to the Membership Secretary or the Treasurer.

Publié par la Societas Europaea Lepidopterologica (SEL), Nota lepidopterologica est un périodique

scientifique envoyé a tous les membres de la SEL. Les auteurs qui désirent publier des manuscrits

dans la revue sont priés de tenir compte des Instructions aux auteurs disponibles sur le site Web de

la SEL: http://www.soceurlep.org. Les ventes de numéros supplémentaires ou d'anciens numéros

de Nota lepidopterologica, ainsi que les ventes de numéros aux personnes n'étant pas membres

de la SEL sont sous la responsabilité de Apollo Books, Kirkeby Sand 19, DK-5771 Stenstrup;

courriel: apollobooks @vip.cybercity.dk. Tel que prévu dans ses statuts, les individus de méme que

les associations peuvent devenir membres de la SEL. Les demandes d'adhésion doivent étre

envoyées au Secrétaire responsable des adhésions, Willy De Prins, Dorpstraat 401 B, B-3061

Leefdaal, Belgique; courriel: willy.de.prins@telenet.be. Le formulaire d'adhésion est disponible sur

le site Web de la SEL. L'adhésion se paie au début de l'année. Elle est de 35 € pour les

individus et de 45 € pour les associations. Les frais d'admission sont de 2,50 €. Les paiements

peuvent être envoyés au compte de la SEL: no. 19 56 50 507, Postbank Köln [Cologne] (code

bancaire 370 100 50; IBAN: DE63 3701 0050 0195 6505 07; BIC: PBNKDEFF) ou au trésorier

local tel que mentionné sur le site Web.. Toute question en rapport avec l'adhésion doit être envoyée

au Trésorier, Dr. Robert Trusch, Staatliches Museum fiir Naturkunde, Erbprinzenstr. 13, D-76133

Karlsruhe; courriel: trusch@smnk.de. Tout changement d'adresse doit être mentionné immédiate-

ment au Secrétaire responsable des adhésions ou au Trésorier.