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LEPIDOPTEROLOGICA

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Volume 31 No. 1- Dresden, 15.05.2008 - ISSN 0342-7536

Contents

Vlad Dinca & Roger Vila. Improving the knowledge on Romanian Rhopalocera,

including the rediscovery of Polyommatus amandus (Schneider, 1792) (Lycaenidae)

and an application of DNA-based identification .............uuussssssesssssnnssesnnenesennnnennnnnn 3—23

Axel Hofmann & Tabassom Kia-Hofmann. Contribution to the knowledge

of the genus Zygaena Fabricius, 1775 in Iran (Zygaenidae). Part VIII: Bionomics

of high-mountain species in the Alborz Mountains and adjacent areas

(introduction: Z. SPECIOSA, Z.. cacuminum) oc ccccc.csesiev.cseccoceesseeesctessvbeceseodetececiesésssaeceses 25-52

Alexey V. Solovyev. Review of the genus Phocoderma Butler, 1886

(ZyeaenoldeaEimacodidae)..n.ne. nennen le ee 53-63

Florian Altermatt. A new species of Agdistis Hübner, 1825 from Tajikistan

(Bierophondae) ms ene tee nantes led etes cl ce Me 65-68

Salvatore Bella. Caryocolum siculum sp. n. (Gelechiidae), feeding on Gypsophila

(Canyjophydlaccae) im Say een Ne Ne Pen. ve 69-75

2 Contents

Reinhard Gaedike. On the generic affiliation of the taxon efflexa Xiao & Li, 2006

(Tineidae) teste RS TT RE ul

Reinhard Gaedike. Nota lepidopterologica indices to volumes | to 30

by taxon and author names, with publication dates ..................2ussessssssseessensneneneennn 79-162

BOOK TEVIEWS ae ee ee ae ER ee 24, 64, 76

Nota lepid. 31 (1): 3-23 3

Improving the knowledge on Romanian Rhopalocera,

including the rediscovery of Polyommatus amandus

(Schneider, 1792) (Lycaenidae) and an application

of DNA-based identification

VLAD DincA! & ROGER VILA?

' Departament de Genética i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona,

Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; e-mail: sudistu@ yahoo.com

2 ICREA and Departament de Genética i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona,

Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain, e-mail: roger.vila@uab.cat

Abstract. From May 19th to June 8th of 2007, the authors undertook lepidopterological research in

29 localities in Romania, several of which are poorly or totally unstudied from a lepidopterological

point of view. 105 taxa were identified, out of which seven receive special attention in the text, with

comments on their distribution, ecology and conservation status. Polyommatus amandus (Schneider,

1792) (Lycaenidae) is recorded for the first time in Romania after 28 years. We provide the first record

from Muntenia for Cupido (Everes) decolorata (Staudinger, 1886) (Lycaenidae), and the third known

Romanian location for Pseudophilotes bavius egea (Herrich-Schäffer, 1852) (Lycaenidae). Lepidoptera

DNA-based identification was used for species identification based on larval stages. This technique

confirmed the discovery of Zerynthia polyxena ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) (Papilionidae) in south-

ern Dobrogea and its rediscovery in the entire province after 80 years.

Introduction

Although the Romanian butterfly fauna has been studied for more than 150 years (e.g.

Fuss 1850; Franzenau 1852, 1856, 1859; Mann 1866), there are still large gaps regard-

ing the distribution and conservation status of many of the species known to occur

within the country’s territory. The newest version of the Catalogue of the Romanian

Lepidoptera (Rakosy et al. 2003) reflects the knowledge for Romania’s main histori-

cal regions, which turn out to be very unequally studied, with the greatest gaps in the

southern parts of the country. Moreover, a considerable amount of faunistical data was

published decades ago and for many specific locations there is no new data available

on Lepidoptera, making an objective assessment of Romania’s species distribution and

conservation status very difficult. This is of particular importance now, as the country

joined the European Union and conservation-oriented actions are more accessible (but

also more necessary) than ever.

The main goals of the present study are to improve the knowledge regarding the

Romanian butterfly fauna and to point out the natural capital of several of the coun-

try’s areas, which are little known to European biologists. Special attention is given

to seven taxa considered of particular importance, including original distribution data

and aspects related to their conservation status. In addition, Lepidoptera DNA-based

identification is used as a means of precise species identification during larval develop-

ment.

Nota lepidopterologica, 15.05.2008, ISSN 0342-7536

4 DincA & VILA: On Romanian butterflies

Abbreviations

bp base pairs

CI consistency Index

COI cytochrome oxidase subunit I

COII cytochrome oxidase subunit II

DNA deoxyribonucleic acid

dNTP deoxynucleoside trıphosphate

HPLC high performance liquid chromatography

MP maximum parsimony

PCR polymerase chain reaction

RI retention Index

RV Roger Vila

TBR tree bisection reconnection

TL tree length

tRNA-leu leucine-transfer ribonucleic acid

VD Vlad Dinca

Material and methods

Collecting. The field research was undertaken in the interval May 19th — June 8th of

2007 and covered various regions of Romania (Fig. |). Most of the collecting was made

using insect nets, but in several cases we also looked for preimaginal stages. When

considered necessary, we preserved material for DNA studies, in which case the insect

body was kept in 100% ethanol vials, and the wings inside glassine envelopes as ref-

erence. All samples are stored in RV lab’s DNA and Tissues Collection at Universitat

Autonoma de Barcelona.

Several specimens of Carcharodus, Pyrgus, Pieris, Leptidea and Melitaea where iden-

tified through genitalia examination. The systematics used follows that of the Catalogue

of the Romanian Lepidoptera (Rakosy et al. 2003), with the exception of the misspelled

genus name Plebeius Kluk, 1780 that we replaced with the correct Plebejus according

to Balint et al. (2001).

Specimen sequencing. Total genomic DNA was extracted using Chelex 100 resin,

100-200 mesh, sodium form (Biorad), following the protocol of Walsh, Metzger and

Higuchi (1991). The following samples were extracted: Zerynthia polyxena ([Denis

& Schiffermüller], 1775), Romania, Constanta County, Canaraua Fetei, 22.v.2007,

RVcoll.07-D023 (collected as last instar larva); Z. polyxena, Romania, Buzau County,

Dänciulesti, 20.v.2007, RVcoll.07-D396 (collected as last instar larva); Allancastria ce-

risyi ferdinandi Stichel, 1907, Romania, Constanta County, Canaraua Fetei, 23.v.2007,

RVcoll.07-D031 (collected as adult).

A 650 bp fragment at the 5’ end of the mitochondrial gene cytocrome oxidase subu-

nit I (COI) was amplified by polymerase chain reaction using the primers LCO 1490

(5° -GGTCAACAAATCATAAAGATATTGG-3’) (Folmer et al. 1994) and Nancy

(5° -CCCGGTAAAATTAAAATATAAACTTC-3’) (Simon et al. 1994). Double-strand-

ed DNA was amplified in 25 ul volume reactions: 17.65 pl ultra pure (HPLC quality)

water, 2.5 ul 10X buffer, I ul 100mM MgCl, 0.25 ul 100 mM dNTP, 1.2 ul of each

primer (10 mM) and 0.2 ul Tag DNA Polymerase (Bioron, GmbH). The typical thermal

Nota lepid. 31 (1): 3-23 5

Ukraine

MARAMURES - SATU MARE

MOLDAVIA

MUNTENIA

Bucharest

@ Studied locations

C2] Historical regions

Danube

Carpathian Mountains

Bulgaria

Fig. 1. Studied locations from May 19th to June 8th of 2007. Letters for each locality refer to those in

Appendix 1.

cycling profile, carried in a PTC-100 Peltier Thermal Cycler, was 95 °C for 60 seconds,

44 °C for 60 seconds and 72 °C for 90 seconds, for 35 cycles. PCR products were puri-

fied and sequenced by Macrogen Inc. (Seoul, Korea).

Sequence analysis. The sequences were edited and aligned using Sequencher 4.2

(Genecodes Corporation, Ann Arbor, MI) and MacClade 4.05 (Maddison & Maddison

1992). The fragments were of equal length and alignments unambiguous. Primer se-

quences were cropped and missing data and ambiguities were designated by the letter

“N”. All sequences were submitted to GenBank (codes EU667423 to EU667425).

Available GenBank COI sequences overlapping with the fragment sequenced by

us and belonging to Zerynthia (DQ351039, AF170870), Allancastria (AF170869,

DQ351040 to DQ351043) and Buthanitis (DQ351036 to DQ351038) were included

in our analysis. For details regarding these samples, refer to Nazari et al. (2007). The

three Buthanitis taxa were selected as outgroup and as root for our analysis, based on

the results of Nazari et al. (2007). The phylogenetic analyses of the DNA data was

conducted in PAUP* 4.0b10 (Swofford 2001) under the maximum parsimony (MP)

criterion. Heuristic searches were conducted for MP analysis with all characters equal-

ly weighted and under the TBR swapping algorithm with 10000 random addition se-

quences. The parsimony hypothesis was evaluated by bootstrap analysis (Felsenstein

1985) with 1000 pseudo replicates under the same parameters as the initial parsimony

searches, except for using 1000 random addition sequences.

6 DincÀ & ViLA: On Romanian butterflies

Results and discussion

Zerynthia polyxena ([Denis &

Schiffermüller], 1775) Fig. 2

Material. 5 terminal instar larvae, Romania,

Constanta county, Canaraua Fetei, 22.v.2007.

Although this species has been recorded

from various localities distributed across

Romania (Räkosy et al. 2003), only two

very old records exist from Dobrogea

(south-eastern Romania) (Mann 1866

-surroundings of Tulcea- and Fiebig

1927 —locality not specified). Therefore

it was considered to be possibly extinct

in this region (Rakosy & Wieser 2000).

Moreover, Z. polyxena was never record-

ed from the southern part of the province,

which is relatively well studied from a

lepidopterological point of view (Rakosy

: ii oe & Székely 1996). 7

Fig. 2. Last instar larva of Z. polyxena on Aristolo- During the spring of 2007, we managed to

chia clematitis at Canaraua Fetei, 22.v.2007. Photo .

V Dinca. find several larvae in southern Dobrogea

(Canaraua Fetei) (Fig. 2), which we ten-

tatively attributed to Z. polyxena. The lar-

vae were found feeding on Aristolochia clematitis L. (Aristolochiaceae) (which is well

represented in the area) and were collected in order to be reared. A few days after col-

lecting, one larva manifested signs of disease and therefore it was preserved in 100%

ethanol. The others reached the stage of prepupa or pupa without problems and had

to be transported by plane from Romania to the laboratory in Spain where the rearing

process was to be continued. During the flight, the luggage containing the larvae was

severely damaged and the recipient with the larvae was lost.

The area of Canaraua Fetei is well known for being one of the few locations in Romania

where A. cerisyi ferdinandi flies (Räkosy & Székely 1996), a species with quite variable

larvae, sometimes fairly similar to Z. polyxena, which also uses A. clematitis as larval

food plant. Furthermore, the lack of adult specimens might cast doubt on the record,

especially in the eyes of some Romanian lepidopterists for whom the famous area of

Canaraua Fetei is a “classical” place for A. cerisyi, but certainly not one for Z. polyx-

ena. As a matter of fact, doubts on the veracity of our record were expressed by some

colleagues who bred larvae of A. cerisyi from Canaraua Fetei and noticed that some are

similar to those of Z. polyxena. Therefore, in order to confirm our record, we decided to

use DNA-based methods as a tool for precise species identification. This was possible

because of the larva preserved in ethanol (RVcoll.07-D023), for which a 650 bp COI

mitochondrial fragment was sequenced and compared to those of a sympatric A. cerisyi

Nota lepid. 31 (1): 3-23 I

ferdinandi (RVcoll.07-D031) and a Romanian specimen of Z. polyxena (RVcoll.07-

D396) from one of the closest known populations (Buzäu county, Dänciulesti — about

150 km far). The putative Z. polyxena sample from Dobrogea presented an uncorrected

“p” distance of only 0,15% (1 base-pair difference in a 650 bp fragment) compared to

Z. polyxena from Dänciulesti. On the other hand, the distance with the sympatric A. ce-

risyi ferdinandi was 6,92% (45 differences in 650 bp). Since a phylogenetic tree based

on COI sequences that includes all the species of Allancastria and Zerynthia from the

Palaearctic region exists in literature (Nazari et al. 2007), we included our sequenc-

es in the COI dataset and reanalysed it with Maximum Parsimony. The resulting tree

(Fig. 3) has the same topology as that of Nazarı et al. (2007). The Romanian A. cerisyi

ferdinandi sample pairs with the other representative of the same species with good

support. Both the Romanian Z. polyxena and the enigmatic Rvcoll.07-D023 sample

form a strongly supported clade with Z. polyxena from Russia. These results confirm

the identification of the larva from Canaraua Fetei as Z. polyxena and demonstrate the

usefulness of our DNA-based approach within this group of taxa.

This result represents the first record of Z. polyxena from southern Dobrogea, as well as

its rediscovery in the entire province after 80 years. With the current data, it ıs virtually

impossible to know whether the species has been surviving in south-western Dobrogea

for a long time or if ıt has recently colonized the area. The possibility of a permanent

population is in our opinion reasonable because:

° although old, previous records from Dobrogea do exist (Mann 1866, Fiebig 1927);

° its historical presence in Dobrogea would logically complete its distribution in

Eastern Europe as ıt is mentioned as widespread from the Republic of Moldavıa

and most of Ukraine (both bordering Romania in northern Dobrogea) (Tshikolovets

2003), as well as from Bulgaria where the nearest records to southern Dobrogea are

located less than 70 km away (Abadjiev 2001);

¢ the larval food plant is well represented in parts of southern Dobrogea;

¢ Allancastria cerisyi and Z. polyxena sometimes fly in the same locations without

excluding each other (e.g. Belasitsa and Skakavitsa in Bulgaria) (Abadjiev 2001).

Canaraua Fetei is a protected area consisting mainly of xerophilous Quercus forest

(0. cerris L., ©. pedunculiflora Koch) and clearings, plus several karstic areas which

shelter a characteristic flora and fauna. Many of these taxa are of great conservation

significance at national and European levels.

Zerynthia polyxena is protected by law in Romania and is considered as endangered in

the Romanian Red List for butterflies (Räkosy 2003). This adds a new taxon to the list

of protected butterfly species known from Canaraua Fetei: Pyrgus sidae (Esper, 1784),

A. cerisyi ferdinandi, Euchloe ausonia (Hübner, 1804), Apatura metis Freyer, 1829,

Lycaena dispar rutila (Werneburg, 1864) and Pseudophilotes bavius egea (Herrich-

Schäffer, 1852) (Räkosy & Székely 1996).

During the field trip, we recorded two new populations of Z. polyxena in Muntenia

(Valea Mare — Dambovita county, and Dänciulesti — Buzäu county) (Appendix 2), a

8 DincA & VILA: On Romanian butterflies

Bootstrap support Allancastria cerisyi AF170869

— 50 changes

98| | Allancastria cerisyi RVcoll.07-D031

gq | Allancastria caucasica DQ351042

100 Allancastria cretica DQ351041

Allancastria deyrollei DQ351043

Allancastria louristana DQ351040

se Zerynthia polyxena RVcoll.07-D023

100 lZerynthia polyxena RVcoll.07-D396

Zerynthia polyxena DQ351039

Zerynthia rumina AF170870

Bhutanitis lidderdali DQ351038

Bhutanitis thaidiana DQ351037

Bhutanitis mansfieldi DQ351036

Fig. 3. Maximum parsimony (MP) tree of Allancastria and Zerynthia, with Bhutanitis as outgroup, in-

ferred from 2306 bp of COI+tRNA-leu+COII (only 650 bp of COI for the Romanian samples). One best

tree, TL = 685, CI = 0.746 and RI = 0.715. In red, the sample collected in southern Dobrogea; in bold,

samples from Romania used as comparison. Bootstrap values are shown above recovered branches.

region from where the species has few and rather obsolete records (Niculescu 1961).

These observations together with previous records from the Subcarpathian hills of

Muntenia strongly suggest that Z. polyxena might be much more widespread than pre-

viously suspected in this vast region of the country. The population from Danciulesti

seems to be particularly vigorous as a rather fast inspection of the many Aristolochia

present there allowed us to observe dozens of larvae on just a few square meters.

The distribution of Z. polyxena is closely linked to the areas where A. clematitis oc-

curs. This plant is fairly localized and it is often associated with neglected vineyards

or abandoned agricultural fields which may be subject either to natural vegetation suc-

cession (habitat closure) or to other economical uses (rehabilitation, construction, etc.).

For example, at Danciulesti the plant is abundant, but restricted to a recently abandoned

Nota lepid. 31 (1): 3-23 9

agricultural field that ıs probably private property and might at any time be completely

transformed for various purposes. At Calan and Valea Mare the plants occur just next

to the main road (1-2 meters away) next to small ditches, while at Valea Calugareasca

the adults were observed flying among the railways. All these areas experience high

antropic pressures. On the other hand, the plant is generally considered as a weed and

therefore people try to eliminate it. As a matter of fact, Z. polyxena has probably faced

local extinctions (Székely 2005; Goia pers. comm.). Therefore, the status of protected

species should not remain only a formality but should be effectively applied in order to

preserve at least some of the most vigorous populations known to occur in the coun-

try.

Cupido (Everes) decolorata (Staudinger, 1886)

Material. 10, Romania, Buzau county, Dänciulesti, 20.v.2007.

While it has been recorded from several localities from the northern parts of the country,

usually as rare and local (Rakosy & al. 2003; Dinca pers. obs.), C. decolorata is very

poorly known from most of the southern regions of Romania, being recorded only from

the extreme south of Dobrogea where it seems to be very scarce (Rakosy & Székely

1996). A few females were collected on Istrita Hill (Buzau county), but their habitus

didn’t allow for a clear separation between C. decolorata and C. alcetas (Dinca 2006).

In May 2007, we collected a male of this taxon in the Subcarpathian hills of Muntenia,

very near to Istrita Hill. This represents the first certain record from Muntenia.

Although not protected by law, C. decolorata is listed in the Red List of Romanian

Butterflies (Räkosy 2003) as a vulnerable taxon. This species is probably threatened by

various factors generally affecting the places where it occurs: overgrazing, overgrow-

ing of open areas by bushes or trees, land burning. Yet, as is the case in other countries

(BeneS et al. 2002), the information available on this species is very scarce, and ad-

ditional data are needed in order to allow a finer assessment of its conservation status

in Romania.

Pseudophilotes bavius egea (Herrich-Schäffer, 1852)

Material. 10, Romania, Constanta county, Dumbraveni forest, 21.v.2007.

On May 21th of 2007, we visited the area of Dumbräveni forest (Constanta county,

southern Dobrogea). This is a protected area that, although fairly similar to other well

known “butterfly hot spots” from southern Dobrogea (Canaraua Fetei, parts of Hagieni

forest), has been relatively ignored by lepidopterists. In addition to other localized or

protected taxa such as Apaustis rupicola (Denis & Schiffermiiller, 1775), Carcharodus

orientalis Reverdin, 1913, Spialia orbifer (Hiibner, 1823), Parnassius mnemosyne

(Linnaeus, 1758), Lycaena dispar rutila and L. thersamon (Esper, 1784), we collected

a specimen of P. bavius egea.

This taxon was recorded for the first time in southern Dobrogea by Székely (1994)

who collected the species at Canaraua Fetei. Two years later Rakosy & Székely (1996)

10 DincA & VILA: On Romanian butterflies

added another locality for this taxon in southern Dobrogea (Sipote). Therefore, our ci-

tation represents the third locality for this taxon in Romania. The populations occurring

in southern Dobrogea were considered to belong to ssp. egea, previously known only

from the Asian part of Turkey (Rakosy & Székely 1996; Jutzeler et al. 1997).

In the Red List of Romanian Rhopalocera (Rakosy 2003), P. bavius egea is considered

endangered, and it is protected in the country. Although it is possible that it is present

at other localities from the same area, it is clearly a very local taxon associated to unal-

tered steppic areas which in Dobrogea are highly threatened by grazing and agriculture.

Further studies are urgently needed in order to improve the knowledge on its distribu-

tion in Romania and to allow the identification of the best areas that should be correctly

managed in order to assure its survival.

Polyommatus amandus (Schneider, 1792) Fig. 4

Material. 19, Romania, Tulcea county, Babadag forest, 24.v.2007.

On May 24 and 25 2007, we made day and night time lepidopterological collecting in

the area of Babadag forest (Tulcea county, northern Dobrogea). Among several species

that are considered to be rare and/or considerably local in Romania such as Pyrgus si-

dae, Spialia orbifer, Carcharodus orientalis, etc., we collected one very fresh specimen

of P. amandus (Fig. 4).

Taking into consideration the literature data, this is the first record of P. amandus in

Dobrogea in the last 78 years (Caradja 1929) and the first in Romania after a gap of al-

most three decades (Balint 1980; Székely 1996, 2005). The specimen was collected in

a a forest Sl with shrubs ang Que high (apparently lightly grazed) vegetation.

i , It is interesting that the first record

of P. amandus from Dobrogea comes

from the surroundings of Ciucurova

(Mann 1866), an area situated about

20 km west of Babadag. In fact, ana-

lyzing the vegetation map of the re-

gion, it becomes obvious that the two

localities are linked by habitats that are

similar to the ones from Babadag.

Polyommatus amandus is one of the

least known species in Romania. The

overall distribution of this species cov-

ers relatively uniformly the country’s

territory, but usually with large gaps

among localities (Fig. 5) and with very

few records per site. Interestingly, the

species is reported as widespread in

several countries bordering Romania

Fig. 4. Polyommatus amandus, Babadag forest (Tulcea ' :

county), 24.v.2007. Photo V. Dinca. such as Ukraine, Republic of Molda-

Nota lepid. 31 (1): 3-23 11

Historical region border

Danube

= Carpathian Mountains

Fig. 5. Records of P. amandus from Romania. Grey dots = collected before 1900 (Fuss 1850, Mann 1866,

Czekelius 1898); Black-and-grey dots = collected between 1900-1980 (Caradja 1929, Popescu-Gorj 1964,

König 1975, Nadolschi & Sugar 1975, Balint 1980, Rakosy 1988, Burnaz 1993, Stänescu 1995, Székely

1996, Räkosy 2002); Black dot = collected after 1980 (this paper); Question mark = doubtful record (Rebel

1911).

via (Tshikolovets 2003), and Bulgaria (Abadjiev 2001). Moreover, some of the popula-

tions previously reported in the literature seem to have gone extinct due to unknown

causes (Székely 2005, Goia & Dinca 2008). One of the most suggestive examples is

represented by the population from Fânatele Clujului (Cluj-Napoca, Transylvania),

where the species was fairly common more than seven decades ago. The species seems

to have totally disappeared from the area, although it was flying inside a protected area

that has suffered little antropic impact and still today is very rich in butterflies, shelter-

ing almost 100 species on a few hectares (Goia & Dinca 2008).

In the Red List of Romanian Rhopalocera (Räkosy 2003), P. amandus is listed as an

endangered species, with populations ranging from data deficient to endangered at a

regional scale. Further research is strongly needed in order to clarify its distribution, to

assess its habitat preferences, and to find explanations for its rarity and decline. As the

species is protected by law in Romania and Babadag forest is a protected area, there is

a good justification for directed studies that should aim at studying and safeguarding

this probable population.

12 DincA & VILA: On Romanian butterflies

Lycaena dispar rutila (Werneburg, 1864)

During less than three weeks, we observed this taxon at 13 localities (Appendix 2).

Lycaena dispar rutila has numerous literature citations from all over the country and it

is probably the most widespread butterfly present in the Habitats Directive in Romania.

However, large populations surviving in optimal habitats are considerably rare and

many of the citations for this taxon refer to rather modest populations occurring in

small areas. It may often be found in humid spots such as tiny flooded patches near

streams, small humid depressions and ditches. Due to the fragility of many of its cur-

rent habitats, L. dispar rutila is correctly considered as vulnerable in the Red List of

Romanian Rhopalocera (Rakosy 2003).

Nymphalis xanthomelas (Esper, 1781)

Material. 10, Romania, Brasov county, Dumbrava Vadului, 6.vi.2007 (ex. larva).

We found this species in the botanical reserve of Dumbrava Vadului (Brasov county,

Transylvania). Another larva was observed pupating in the same place.

This species has a poorly understood distribution in Romania, where it is consid-

ered as critically endangered (Rakosy 2003). Although it prefers the same habitats as

N. polychloros, it seems to be rarer and more local than the former. Nymphalis xan-

thomelas could have often remained unnoticed due to its similarity with N. polychloros.

Nevertheless, other than local apparent regression (König 1972) or probable population

fluctuations (Goia & Dinca 2008), another possible explanation for its rarity could be

offered by its occasional migratory behaviour (Tolman & Lewington 1997; Benes et al.

2002) and by its presence close to the western range limit. Given the precarious state

of knowledge regarding this taxon, we would consider it as data deficient rather than

critically endangered.

A considerable number of taxa of national or European interest were previously re-

corded from the botanical reserve of Dumbrava Vadului (IUCN category IV) (Székely

& al. 2000): Lycaena helle (Denis & Schiffermiiller, 1775), L. dispar rutila, Maculinea

teleius (Bergsträsser, 1779), M. alcon ([Denis & Schiffermiiller], 1775), Euphydryas

aurinia (Rottemburg, 1775), and Argynnis laodice (Pallas, 1771). According to the

previously published data (Székely & al. 2000) and to our personal observations, the

L. helle population in this area is probably the largest known in Romania. For these

reasons, we reaffirm the proposal made by Székely & al. (2000) that the reserve of

Dumbrava Vadului should extend its status to a botanical and zoological one, which

would facilitate the implementation of an effective management plan that would ensure

the survival of the protected species mentioned above. The main disturbing factor that

could severely affect the butterfly communities in the area is represented by natural

vegetation successions leading to habitat closure by shrubs and trees.

Nota lepid. 31 (1): 3-23 13

Apatura metis Freyer, 1829

Material. 10, Romania, Dobrogea, Constanta County, Canaraua Fetei, 22.v.2007.

Although it has been previously recorded form the area of Canaraua Fetei (Räkosy

& Szekely 1996), the species was considered univoltine in southern Dobrogea, being

recorded exclusively between June 25th and July 14th. Although definitive conclusions

cannot be drawn based on a single specimen, the collecting date suggests that the spe-

cies has probably two broods in southern Dobrogea, sımilarly to the populations along

the Danube and in the Danube Delta.

The species is protected and listed as vulnerable at the national scale in the Red List

of Romanian Rhopalocera (Räkosy 2003). Although mainly restricted to areas along

the Danube, the species should be safe within the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve.

Nevertheless, some of the populations still occurring along the Danube’s shores might

face extinction due to the various types of human activities related to navigation and

the improvement of the banks.

Other taxa

During May 19-June 8 of 2007, we visited 29 Romanian locations and identified 105

butterfly taxa, meaning more than 55% of the country’s fauna. Three species, namely

Pyrgus armoricanus (Oberthür, 1910), Thymelicus sylvestris (Poda, 1761) and Cupido

minimus (Fuessly, 1775) are recorded for the first time from Oltenia. These species are

probably fairly widespread and abundant in this region; such a lack of data stands as a

proof for the great necessity of Lepidoptera studies in many parts of southern Romania

(especially Oltenia). This region, although generally not targeted by autochthonous lep-

idopterists, may shelter populations of local, rare or endangered species that need to be

studied. For Carcharodus orientalis, currently known in Romania only from Dobrogea

and the Danube Delta (Rakosy & Varga 2001), two new localities are reported from

the same region (Babadag and Dumbraveni forests). Both records are based on male

genitalia examination, which is the only reliable method for distinguishing between

these two taxa. The exact distributions of C. orientalis and C. floccifera (Zeller, 1847)

in Romania still remain very poorly known due to their external similarity.

Besides the species we paid special attention to in this paper, it is worth mentioning

several other taxa recorded on this trip (see appendix 2) that are fairly localized in

Romania, and/or are of European interest: Muschampia cribrellum (Eversmann, 1841),

Pyrgus sidae, Allancastria cerisyi ferdinandi, Parnassius mnemosyne, Euchloe auso-

nia, Colias chrysotheme (Esper, 1781), Maculinea arion (Linnaeus, 1758), Plebejus

sephirus Frivaldsky, 1835, Brenthis ino (Rottemburg, 1775), Euphydryas aurinia

(Rottemburg, 1775), and Kirinia roxelana (Cramer, 1777). Most of these species can

survive only in good quality habitats and stand as proof of the (still) high degree of

14 DincA & VILA: On Romanian butterflies

preservation of the biodiversity of many areas of Romania. Nevertheless, the future

of the Romanian “biodiversity hotspots” is now on the edge as the country joined the

European Union and has the possibility to make vital socio-economical choices that

might have profound effects on its natural capital. An analysis of such potential effects

on Lepidoptera is provided by Schmitt & Rakosy (2007) and for various taxa groups by

Cremene et al. (2005) and Baur et al. (2006).

Conclusions

e Butterfly DNA-based identification was used in order to provide precise species

identification based on larval stages. This technique proved to be excellent for the

taxa studied. The case provides an example of how classical identification methods

may be effectively combined with molecular techniques.

¢ Distributional data is improved for 105 butterfly taxa, given the fact that many re-

gions from Romania are still poorly studied from a lepidopterological point of view

and local information regarding many taxa is either obsolete or needs reconfirma-

tion.

¢ Polyommatus amandus is recorded for the first time in Romania in the last 28 years

and in Dobrogea after 78 years. The decline suffered by this species in Romania

remains without a clear explanation. |

¢ Zerynthia polyxena is recorded for the first time from southern Dobrogea. This

record also represents the rediscovery of the species in the whole province after 80

years.

¢ A new locality for Pseudophilotes bavius egea in southern Dobrogea is reported.

This is the third known locality for this taxon in Romania.

+ Three species (Pyrgus armoricanus, Thymelicus sylvestris, Cupido minimus)

are recorded for the first time from Oltenia and one (Cupido decolorata) from

Muntenia.

¢ Based on the collection of one specimen of Apatura metis in southern Dobrogea in

May, the existence of two broods in this region is considered to be probable.

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Marin Goia, Laszl6 Rakosy and Rod Eastwood for their help regarding some of the

necessary bibliography. We are grateful to Lloreng Saez for host plant determinations and to Zsolt Balint

and Sylvain Cuvelier for comments on the manuscript. Support for this research was provided by a Spanish

Ministry grant to RV (CGL2007-60516/BOS) and a PhD student fellowship from Universitat Autonoma

de Barcelona to VD.

Nota lepid. 31 (1): 3-23 15

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18 DincA & VILA: On Romanian butterflies

Appendices

Appendix 1. Localities visited during May 19 — June 8 of 2007 (the symbols refer to the localities in

Fig. 1 and Appendix 2).

Alt. (m) Symbol

19. v. 2007 A

20. v. 2007

21. v. 2007 Ku

21. v. 2007

22. v. 2007

23. v. 2007

24. v. 2007

25. v. 2007

26. v. 2007 340-730

27. v. 2007

28. v. 2007

29. v. 2007

30. v. 2007

O1. vi. 2007

03. vi. 2007

04. vi. 2007

05. vi. 2007

06. vi. 2007

07. vi. 2007

08. vi. 2007

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24 Book reviev

Günter Ebert (Hrsg.) 2005. Die Schmetterlinge Baden-Würtembergs, Band 10: Ergänzungs-

band. — Eugen Ulmer KG, Stuttgart. — 426 pp., 83 colour photos, 46 black & white photos, 7 maps,

6 graphs. — Hardcover, ISBN 3-8001-4383-6. 49.90 €. (in German).

The series „Die Schmetterlinge Baden-Würtembergs“, started in 1991, has been completed. The 10th

volume of this remarkable edition is devoted to final information and addition to all previous volumes.

It is an explanation for unusual book format, consisting from some separate parts each one is a proper

small investigation. List of corrections (also for print mistakes) and additions to previous parts with

new data on hostplants, hibernation strategy, new species records, phenology, myrmecophily etc. are

given. Eupithecia conterminata (Geometridae) is newly found in Baden-Würtemberg since 1957;

new observations on Parnassius mnemosyne in Schwäbischen Alb are summarized and the distribu-

tion of Leptidea reali which is recently separated from phenotypically similar L. sinapis is discussed.

Further additional information is given for Limenitis populi, Fabriciana niobe, Brenthis daphne,

Pyrgus ssp., Eilema lutarella, Spiris striata, Dysgonia algyra and Nycteola degenerana. Typhonia

beatricis Hättenschwiller, 2000 (Psychidae), and Platypterigea kadenii (Noctuidae) are listed as new

for the Baden-Würtemberg as well Platypterigea ingrata (Staudinger, 1897) as new for Germany.

A list of moths’ German names is corrected and added for some species from different families and

recently published references are summarized here. Special attention is devoted to threatened species

of Baden-Würtemberg and a new Red List of Lepidoptera is provided for Baden-Würtemberg. Special

part of the book deals with a history of lepidopterological and faunistical investigations in Baden-

Württemberg. The part is separated chronologically and richly illustrated with photos and citations

from diaries of investigators and old manuscripts. The text part of the book finishes with a voluminous

table of habitats continuing the same table already started for Rhopalocera and Heterocera (1 vol-

ume) and supplied with a long list (almost 90 pages) of host-plants known for the Lepidoptera from

the region under consideration. The book is finished with small entomologic-ecological glossary, an

index for species and terms used in volume 10, and an complete index for species and genera treated

in volumes 1 to 10. As other parts of the series, the book is finely illustrated with 83 colour and 46

black-and-white fotos, 7 distributional maps and 6 graphics, and published on high polygraphic level.

The book will surely excellently blend with the row of the previous issues of “Die Schmetterlinge

Baden-Würtembergs”. It can be recommended also for all persons interested in ecology and in history

of zoological investigations and should be a good example of issue finely embodiment of interweav-

ing between scientific and popular knowledge in studying of our environment. It is really a pity that

continuation of the series dealing with Microlepidoptera of the region is not planned. Books of such a

standard shall be written and published more frequently.

VADIM V. ZOLOTUHIN

Nota lepid. 31 (1): 25-52 25

Contribution to the knowledge of the genus Zygaena Fabricius,

1775 in Iran (Zygaenidae). Part VIII: Bionomics of high-moun-

tain species in the Alborz Mountains and adjacent areas (intro-

duction; Z. speciosa, Z. cacuminum)

AXEL HOFMANN & TABASSOM KIA-HOFMANN

Verenenweg 4, 79206 Breisach-Hochstetten, Germany; e-mail: hofmann @abl-freiburg.de

Abstract. This is the first of three articles on the burnet moths (Zygaena Fabricius, 1775) of the oreal

biome in northern Iran. The species of the northern mountain ranges inhabit biotopes in the cushion zone

around and above the tree line between 2,650 m and 4,000 m above sea level. Four species are endemic to

the Alborz (Zygaena speciosa Reiss, 1937, Z. cacuminum Christoph, 1877, Z. ecki Christoph, 1882) and

adjacent areas in Azerbaijan (Z. christa Reiss & Schulte, 1967). Populations of a more widely distributed

species — Zygaena carniolica (Scopoli, 1763) — also occur in the same vertical zone. However, these

populations are separated from those of lower regions by a gap of nearly 500 m. Moreover, they possess

very characteristic phenotypic and biological adaptations and are well distinguishable. For the first time,

Zygaena speciosa is recorded from regions outside of the Alam-Kuh area (type locality), 1.e. in four locali-

ties located in the provinces of Gilan, Mazandaran and Tehran. Data on the bionomics of Z. speciosa are

provided for the first time; all preimaginal stages are figured. In 2005, 2006 and 2007, cocoons and half

and fully grown larvae were found at Kuh-e Tochal (north of Tehran) at an altitude of 3,400-3,700 m. The

larvae feed on Semenovia tragioides (Boiss.) Manden, a white-flowered Apiaceae. The results of an ab ovo

culture (2005-2007) are presented. In 2006, two new and well-distinguished populations were found on

Kuh-e Samamus (near Ramsar) and on a pass named Gardeneh-ye Tondrokosch (Tonekabon S). Moths and

larvae of the more eastern populations are significantly different from those occurring further west. Larvae

at Kuh-e Samamus feed on three distinct Apiaceae (Trachydium eriocarpum Born. & Gauba, T. depressum

(Bois.) Bois. and a further, undetermined species that probably belongs either to the genus Peucedanum or

to Semenovia). Smaller larvae that were collected in the wild (on Kuh-e Tochal and on Kuh-e Samamus)

and all larvae from this ab ovo culture over-wintered for a second time. Presumably this is not an artefact

but a general strategy of this high-mountain species. Hitherto, the closely related Zygaena cacuminum was

known only from its type locality, but in 2005 it was discovered at two sites on Kuh-e Shahvar, around 25

km as the crow flies from the Kuh-e Gawkoshan in the Shahkuh range.

Zusammenfassung. Beitrag zur Kenntnis des Genus Zygaena Fabricius, 1775 im Iran (Lepidoptera:

Zygaenidae). Part VIII: Bionomie der Hochgebirgsarten des Elbursgebirges und anschlieBender Regionen

(Einführung; Z. speciosa, Z. cacuminum). — Bei der vorliegenden Arbeit handelt sich um den ersten von

drei geplanten Artikeln tiber die Rotzygaenenarten (Zygaena Fabricius, 1775) des orealen Lebensraums

im Nordiran. Die nördlichen Hochgebirgsarten besiedeln Lebensräume der Dornpolsterstufe im Bereich

der oberen Baumgrenze und höher zwischen 2.650 m und 4.000 m Höhe. Vier Hochgebirgsarten sind

Endemismen des Elbursgebirges (Zygaena speciosa Reiss, 1937, Z. cacuminum Christoph, 1877, Z. ecki

Christoph, 1882) und der anschließenden Regionen Azarbaidjans (Z. christa Reiss & Schulte, 1967).

Die weiter verbreitete Zygaena carniolica (Scopoli, 1763) kommt in der gleichen Höhenstufe vor. Diese

Vorkommen sind von carmiolica-Populationen tieferer Lagen durch eine Lücke von fast 500 Höhenmetern

getrennt. Auffällige habituelle und präimaginalbiologische Unterschiede sind gut entwickelt. Zygaena

speciosa wird erstmals außerhalb ihrer Typenlokalität im Alam-Kuh-Gebiet gemeldet. Inzwischen konn-

te die Art an fünf Fundstellen in den Provinzen Gilan, Mazandaran und Teheran nachgewiesen werden.

Die Biologie von Z. speciosa wird erstmals beschrieben, alle präimaginalbiologischen Stadien werden

abgebildet. Raupen und Kokons konnten 2005, 2006 und 2007 nördlich Teheran am Kuh-e Tochal zwi-

schen 3.400 und 3.700 m Höhe gefunden werden. Die Raupen leben hier an der Apiaceae Semenovia

tragioides (Boiss.) Manden. Die Ergebnisse einer ab-ovo-Zucht (2005-2007) werden vorgestellt. 2006

wurden zwei weitere, wohldifferenzierte Populationen am Kuh-e Samamus bei Ramsar und am Gardaneh-

ye Tondrokosch (südlich Tonekabon) gefunden. Falter und Raupen sind von den östlichen Populationen

deutlich verschieden. Interssanterweise sind die Raupen der östlichen Vorkommen, deren Falter stark me-

lanistisch sind (Alam-Kuh, Kuh-e Tochal, Dizin-Shemshak) weniger stark verdunkelt, als die Raupen

der westlichen Populationen, deren Variabilität im Imaginalphenotyp keine verdunkelten Hinterflügel

beinhaltet. Die Raupen am Kuh-e Samamus leben an drei verschiedenen Apiaceae-Arten (Trachydium

eriocarpum Born. & Gauba, T. depressum (Boiss.) Boiss.) und einer weiteren, nicht näher bestimmbaren

Nota lepidopterologica, 15.05.2008, ISSN 0342-7536

26 HOFMANN & Kıa-Hormann: High Mountain Zygaena in Iran

Apiaceae (wahrscheinlich Peucedanum sp. oder Semenovia sp.). Im Freiland gefundene kleine Raupen

(sowohl vom Kuh-e Tochal als auch vom Kuh-e Samamus) sowie alle Raupen der ab-ovo-Zucht überwin-

terten ein zweites Mal. Es wird vermutet, daß dies eine generelle Strategie dieser Hochgebirgsart darstellt.

Zygaena cacuminum, bislang nur von der Typenlokalität bekannt, wird erstmals vom Kuh-e Shavar, einem

Gebirgsstock ca. 25 km Luftlinie vom Shahkuh entfernt, gemeldet.

5,5 » ul AllüsZygaena Fabricius, 1775 cle 458 als Zus) Gleb! „ia Crau (805 2! si aul) Cul Da

radis) yl saad Ghlic 5 za Gels „SWuZygaena cacuminum Christoph, 1877, Zygaena speciosa Reiss,

19374003 "WS 5" cla oy ii alls Ci »Zygaena Fabricius, 1775 434 & ‚I 5 Gas a) 50 il 5a dB nl à 52 Su

52650 oy Yu à GS jo Cty) BS a sae ZI IS A os Aübie jo Gi nl clad cotes Sail) clea sig ja 48 la 44,8 cal

DM pa ats Saal Gab) 3 3 all cs bie pole 448 yl IL Slee aie CE; L jo chews 5l ie 4000Zygaena

speciosa Reiss, 1937 «Z. cacuminum Christoph, 1877 ‚Z. ecki Christoph, 1882 52 „Ja Gblis 35 «

OL IZ. christa Reiss & Schulte, 1967 .Z. carniolica (Scopoli, 1763) u çs sabi ja 48 sl op Qu «

lehren Cul Save Aula) (ee Jub on juli clgSuaatl 48 iS go 805) Lys a ZIELE Clan 3 use Clan pa ca ja juil

cleimes plu 5! adi ye lis SZ. carniolica (Scopoli, 1763) gli) 5s Lees Ss «gläijl bi I 35 5 Calan

ad Joss el OLS CR os GLb 5 a pid lue ged cop! pose ate (tink fe 500 a yas Cl an) Gis

JL Gals! ol y Allee Gal ja lei a pee Z. speciosa Reiss, 1937 ale eu) Ci) heal is AMIS Out 5 jé ae 3

2.20 8 GES ji Ole) 9 On jle «DUS lei ja aa cs Abadi is ZI 4598 Cul cla Ab ged Gare ya a gd Ge US IS (0 8

JS a si où u Lb gs po Sle Wh! Lau!Z. speciosa Reiss, 1937 eps o yy Qu Cpl CSS Jal ys pled zahl OL Gals! lL»

3700 LA 3400 ¢ 185) 59 Ole dei 53 le gio 2 all 5 Alb aap 9 9Y aly 6 2007 3 2006 «2005 (slgllu 52 22 Sis

LS 5) la 5 Y a4 lan ss MASemenovia tragioides (Boiss.), Manden S. 48 Apiaceae „iss 425 Cou! au GIS Li

e 2006 Shs 99 355 Ge US) laut 59 (a 2007 GN 2005 len) 255 ç5 ala ya jo ed Gal AL I Dis alti

N 9 Ah gg Bi lag (OR Ga gia 59) LAS 5 paid AS 5 (July Sd i) Un gala 0S pa ile "DUIS ata Amen 3

iii (5 45S du 1 Cw galas o 3S cla y Y ait glia dh cla Guzen jlo gay la Cures (yl Apiaceae :aiiS „eo aed

Trachydium eriocarpum Born. & Gauba «T. depressum (Boiss.), Boiss. Sa 5 « Apiaceae «Lit Ji pe

“5 448 "YLaslPeucedanum sp. LSemenovia sp, lan (os gala 5 le si clea s§ 52) Genk 52 48 Sa Gla V 4a.

Cs) AS au ) Ge Bai Ay alld) lien) Gil gd à Ju 30 Aad call AHL Gh sy AAT cs Ala yo ZI file j] ps 48 algil de 3 aad

„al adi je ghettos 9S Sa 5 448 Cul slo AS 6 Sil jiu ARL 09 gui GSE} oa

Introduction to the series

The series “Contribution to the knowledge of the genus Zygaena Fabricius, 1775, in

Iran” began in 2000 in Linneana Belgica, in which seven parts were published. With the

tragic death of its editor, Ronny Leestmans (26. vii. 1942—8.x11.2006), the journal ceased

to be published. We dedicate the present article to him in memory and recognition of all

his support and help during that time.

Fortunately the editorial committee of Nota lepidopterologica kindly offered to continue

the series in an equivalent presentation. Short summary of the first seven parts will help

the reader to get acquainted with the work accomplished so far.

Part 1 (Hofmann 2000a). This is a general chapter presenting the entomological ex-

ploration of the fauna of Iran and the development of our knowledge on the indigenous

Zygaena species. A check-list with distribution based on provinces is provided. The sys-

tematic part begins with Z. seitzi, Z. nocturna, and Z. manlia. New records are provided

for Fars, Boyer Ahmad-va-Kohgiluyeh, Markazi, Kuh-e Sorkh, Birjand and the mountains

south-west of Kashan. The biology of all three species is described. Based on intensive

fieldwork, the nocturnal activity of Z. nocturna is confirmed and its relationship to Z. seitzi

is discussed. A new subspecies of Z. manlia (ssp. piti) is described from the provinces of

Hamadan and Lorestan.

Nota lepid. 31 (1): 25-52 27

Part 2 (Hofmann 2000b) discusses populations hitherto referred to Z. rubricollis.

New locality records are given for Yazd, Hamadan, Kerman, and Fars. The biology of

Z. rubricollis kermanensis — to be transferred in a forthcoming article as a subspecies

of Z. gashgai — is described. The most melanistic Zygaena population is described as

Z. rubricollis ginnereissi. Today the status of this taxon 1s under discussion as a valid

species (Keil 2003c).

Part 3 (Hofmann 20000) discusses the distribution and zoogeography of Z. haematina.

Its biology is also described and figured. With J. Klir as co-author, a new subspecies is

named from Lorestan (ssp. lorestanensis).

Part 4 (Hofmann (2000d) provides the descriptions of two new subspecies of

Z. haematina from Darreh Kamaran (ssp. aurora) and from the isolated mountain

range of Kuhha-ye Quorud (ssp. fusca), the latter having been raised to species level by

Keil (2003a, 2003d) and Efetov (2004: 40) (without any explanations). The complete

biology of Z. cacuminum is also described and figured.

Part 5 (Hofmann & Tremewan 2001) deals with the polymorphism of Z. tamara and

its distribution, for which new records are given for several provinces. Its biology is

also described and figured.

Part 6 (Hofmann & Tremewan 2003) raises or reinstates Zygaena nocturna, Z. aisha,

and Z. fredi as well-defined biospecies. The behaviour of the nocturnal Z. nocturna is

treated and compared with that of Z. seitzi, which is strictly diurnal. A new subspecies

of Z. nocturna is described from the vicinity of Eqlid (Esfahan) and its biology is

also described and figured (ssp. meinekei). Zygaena aisha with predominant nocturnal

activity and a very significant larval phenotype is distinguished as a distinct biospecies

from Z. manlia. From the vicinity of Semirom, Z. fredi syntopica and the dichromatic

Z. rubricollis tenhageni are described. The complete biology of the latter is described

and figured.

Part 7 (Hofmann & Tremewan 2005) treats the Zygaena fauna of the highest moun-

tain in the Zagros range — the Zarde Kuh. In addition to new distribution records for

Z. seitzi and Z. cambysea, anew biospecies is described from this region (Z. bakhtiyari).

From the nearby Kamaran valley a unique subspecies of Z. cambysea with red, orange,

and yellow phenotypes is described (ssp. kamarana).

The high-mountain endemics

The Zygaena fauna of Iran is characterised by a high percentage of species that occur

exclusively in the Alborz or Zagros mountains or in adjacent areas (Tab. 1).

Four Zygaena species are endemic to the northern mountain ranges south of the

Caspian Sea, between Azerbaijan and the eastern Alborz. While Zygaena speciosa

Reiss, Z. cacuminum Christoph, and Z. ecki Christoph, are known only from the Alborz

range, Z. christa Reiss & Schulte, is restricted to Azerbaijan in the neighbourhood of

Dugijan (NE Marand). All four species are restricted to high-mountain areas above

Hormann: High Mountain Zygaena in Iran

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Nota lepid. 31 (1): 25-52 29

the tree line between 2,600 and 4,000 m altitude. Surprisingly, the same zone is

inhabited by very distinctive and relatively uniform populations of Zygaena carniolica

(Scopoli, 1763), an extremely widespread species that ranges from southern Spain to

the Altai mountains, with many populations in the Mediterranean region representing

extraordinary subspecies. Several subspecies are described from northern Iran, all of

them belonging to the same ecotype that is found only in the cushion zone above and

around the tree line. This ecotype of Z. carniolica (with a white spot 6, reduced or

lost abdominal cingulum, darkened larval phenotype and dark pupal exuviae) is found

in several localities where it is syntopic with Z. ecki. It is distributed from the Kuh-e

Samamus region south of Ramsar to the Kendevan and Demavand region and extends

further east to the Shah-Kuh mountain range. The other three species were hitherto

known only from their type-localities although a second subspecies of Z. speciosa was

described. However, this nominal taxon is derived from a population occurring in the

same valley just about 2—3 km further south and higher up than the nominotypical

form.

Further south in Iran, in the more eremic Zagros, in the Kuhha-ye Quorud and in the

higher areas of the Kerman region, a few more species have predominantly settled

in this altitudinal zone (Tab. 1): Zygaena haematina Kollar (and Z. fusca Hofmann),

Z. aisha Naumann & Naumann, and Z. bakhtiyari Hofmann & Tremewan. While the

species from the Alborz and adjacent areas (Z. speciosa, Z. cacuminum, Z. ecki, Z.

christa and Z. carniolica transiens Staudinger) are easily recognised as oreal faunal

elements, the categorisation of the other four species remains unsatisfactory. They

are probably xeromontane species although their ecological niches are not easily

recognisable. Their lower occurrence is contrary to expectations, as they inhabit more

southerly regions. This may be due to lack of investigations but could also be a feature

of this ecological group because in the eremic regions the rainfall decreases at higher

altitudes and that makes the biotopes suboptimal from a certain level upward. However,

it must be emphasised that in the Zagros range and in the province of Kerman the

regions between 3,300 and 4.000 m altitude are poor and only very locally explored

(Hofmann 2000a).

While biological data and colour plates (Tab. 2) of all preimaginal stages are available

for Z. haematina (Hofmann 2000c, 2000d), Z. cacuminum (Hofmann 2000d), Z. aisha

(Hofmann & Tremewan 2003), and Z. carniolica transiens Staudinger (as demavendi

Holik; Tremewan 1976, 1977), nothing was hitherto known about Z. speciosa and only

the cocoon of Z. bakhtiyari is figured (Hofmann & Tremewan 2005). Data for Z. ecki

and Z. fusca are unpublished and for Z. christa they are incomplete (Naumann 1985;

Karami et al. 1999b). Regarding Tab. 2, with reference to the aspect of the growth of

knowledge, one becomes aware how successful fieldwork has been since 1997 when

the “new cooperation” started. This network lead to the foundation of the Association

Lepidoptera Iranica (A.L.I.) project (Hofmann & Trusch 2006). During the coming

years it should be possible to close the remaining gaps by successfully rearing Z. christa

or finding the unknown preimaginal stages of Z. bakhtiyari.

As expected, the species with the most extensive range — vertically and horizontally —

and relatively low distribution has the highest number of accompanying Zygaena

HOFMANN & Kıa-Hormann: High Mountain Zygaena in Iran

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32, HOFMANN & Kıa-Hormann: High Mountain Zygaena in Iran

species. Zygaena haematina is recorded from 24 localities situated between Hakkari

(Turkey) and Dasht-e Arjan (Iran, Fars) and within this range it is syntopic with nine

species. Zygaena aisha inhabits biotopes together with Z. ?rubricollis ginnereissi,

Z. chirazica and Z. sengana while Z. haematina and Z. bakhtiyari are syntopic with

several arboreal species, e.g. Z. chirazica, Z. fredi, Z. tamara, Z. cambysea, Z. manlia,

Z. nocturna. No syntopy is observed for Z. fusca and Z. christa. Syntopy with other oreal

Zygaena species can only be confirmed for the Alborz species. Zygaena cacuminum is

accompanied on Shah-Kuh and Kuh-e Shahvar by Z. ecki and Z. carniolica. Zygaena

speciosa is found in all its localities flying together with Z. carniolica (Tab. 3) .

In the present paper and two others, forthcoming, new data on the biology and

distribution of these high-mountain species will be presented, beginning here with

Zygaena speciosa and Z. cacuminum.

Abbreviations

CAHO Collection Axel Hofmann, Breisach-Hochstetten, Germany.

CCMN Collection Clas M. Naumann, now in ZFMK, Bonn.

CFDM Collection Franz Daniel, Miinchen (Munich), now in CMWM.

CMWM Museum Thomas J. Witt, Miinchen, Germany, assigned to Zoologische

Staatssammlung Miinchen.

ZFMK Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum A. Koenig, Bonn, Germany.

Zygaena speciosa Reiss, 1937

“Zygaena (Peristygia) speciosa n. spec.” Reiss, 1937a: 466, figs a2, b2, c2. Type locality: “Persia s., Elburs

mts. s., Tacht i Suleiman, Hecaréal-Tal, 28-3200 m” (acc. label of “Type ©”). (see distribution map,

loc. no. 3).

„Zyg. (Peristygia) speciosa Reiß var. suleimanicola n. var.” Reiss 1938: 165. Type locality: “Persia sept.,

Elburs mts. c. s., Tacht i Suleiman, Sardab Tal (Heéeréam), 4200 m” (acc. label of “Type ©”). (see

distribution map, loc. no. 4).

The original description of Z. speciosa was based on 165, 69 collected by E. Pfeiffer on

“3-7.V11.36”. The “Type &” and “Type 9” are figured in monochrome and recorded as

being deposited in coll. F. Daniel/Miinchen. Both specimens together with the paratypes

(also from coll. Reiss) are now in coll. T. Witt/Miinchen. Single paratypes are in coll. C.

M. Naumann (now Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Bonn) and coll A. Hofmann.

The original description of Z. speciosa var. suleimanicola was based on 125¢, 429

collected by E. Pfeiffer & W. Forster on “20.V11.37”. Type series in coll. T. Witt/

München via coll. F Daniel/München. Paratypes in several collections (coll. C. M.

Naumann, now Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Bonn, coll. A. Hofmann etc.).

Synonymised by Hofmann & Tremewan (1996).

Reiss (1937a, 1938) has provided detailed descriptions of the moths of both taxa; they

were collected in a north-facing valley called Sardab (cold water) valley, south-east of

Nota lepid. 31 (1): 25-52 33

the highest point in this area, the Alam Kuh (4,850 m). The type localities are about three

kilometres from each other as the crow flies. While the nominotypical form 1s found at

3,000 m altitude, just after passing Tange Golu (narrow gorges), var. suleimanicola was

discovered above the high valley of Hezarchal, from where a pass (Hezercham) leads

to the southern side. In between these two localities (3,700 m), Clas Naumann and

Gerry Tremewan collected a total of four specimens on 28.v11.1997 in the high valley of

Hezarchal (Figs 4-5) thus documenting that gene flow occurs between the populations.

All specimens from this area are melanistic with darkened hindwings and reduced spots

on the forewings. They are purely five spotted without any trace of a spot 6. While

nearly 50% of the moths from higher up (4,200 m) have spot 4 reduced or even lost,

the phenotypes from below 1,000 m show slightly more pronounced forewing spots.

Apart from that, no significant differences are found, which ıs why Hofmann & Treme-

wan (1996) and Karami et al. (1999a) placed suleimanicola Reiss, in synonymy with

Z. speciosa.

The discovery of the preimaginal stages of Zygaena speciosa

at Kuh-e Tochal

Until 2005, nothing was known about the preimaginal biology of this species. Reiss

(1937a) refers to E. Pfeiffer who speculated one of the several Astragalus spp. present to

be the larval host-plant. The following year, E. Pfeiffer and W. Forster observed moths

being attracted to a Thymus sp.; nectaring moths and copulae were seen on this plant

and these collectors considered this to be the host-plant. From then on, this information

was cited in the literature (Holik 1938; Hofmann & Tremewan 1996; Karami et al.

1999a). The last authors mention the observation of a dead larva “in July 1980 at the

type locality in the immediate vicinity of an unidentified species of Thymus (CMN)”.

Further efforts in finding the moths or preimaginal stages failed in 1999 and 2000 by

C. M. Naumann, and on 16 July 1999 by B. Mollet and A. Hofmann.

In 2005 we were in Iran for a three-month tour. At the beginning of August at the end of

our tour we were visited by our Iranian colleague Ahmad Karbalaye who showed us his

interesting collection of Zygaenidae from the last few years. This collection included a

couple of Z. speciosa collected around the last teleski station (3,740 m) on Kuh-e Tochal

(3,964 m) close to Tehran, a new locality for Z. speciosa and situated on the south side of

the Alborz (see distribution map, loc. no. 6). This valuable information — thanks to Ahmad

Karbalaye — motivated us to search for the proverbial needle in the haystack. Without

any idea of the exact biotope, we first searched for meadows containing thyme plants

around the station between 3,700 and 3,800 m altitude. However, field experiences with

the closely related Z. cacuminum some years before (Hofmann 2000d) reminded us to

be critical with such unconfirmed speculations. Like Z. cacuminum, Z. speciosa belongs

to a species-group that lives exclusively on Eryngium spp. or on other Apiaceae. But no

Eryngium or any other Apiaceae were found. On the top of the mountain and near the

station there were still small snow-fields at the beginning of August, a strong wind was

blowing and when the sun was hidden behind clouds it immediately became cool. Only

34 HOFMANN & Kıa-Hormann: High Mountain Zygaena in Iran

a few high-mountain butterilies were observed, Melitaea saxatilis (Christoph), Colias

sagartia Lederer, Polyommatus (Agrodiaetus) posthumus (Christoph). In the afternoon

one hour before the last telecabin left to go down to the ground station at 1,800 m, on

the other side of a scree of rock debris and moving stones, an interesting south-west-

facing biotope (Fig. 10) east of the telecabin station was discovered with plenty of

Onobrychis cornuta cushions, several Gramineae spp., a Thymus sp. smelling of mint,

and pinkish-flowering thistles. As the whole area, including this site, was overgrazed,

but not too strongly because of its steepness and the poor vegetation, the shepherds

and their sheep never remained here very long. However, as some Z. carniolica were

flying, we stayed here longer. Suddenly a black moth in clumsy flight was observed just

a few metres away from the orbit of the net. For a moment we were unable to chase

it because of the strong winds, but of course, we would not be telling this story if the

moth had not found its way into the net — a large perfect female of Z. speciosa. It was

the only one, but it did not need too much self-discipline to keep it alive for laying eggs,

although it was so fresh that it was unclear whether it had already mated. In spite of our

scepticism we put it into a small plastic box. And then, while making a small temporary

camp, whitish-flowering Apiaceae, similar to Trachydium eriocarpum (the host-plant

of Z. cacuminum), were found among the stones (Figs 11-14). Now we knew that we

were at the very exact locality and immediately started to turn over stones expecting to

find cocoons or larvae. After more than one hour of work on unstable slopes without

any further success, we had to leave the biotope hoping to get the last telecabin coming

down. It was already very late and the prospect of walking back 15 km or more and

2,000 m down in cool winds made us hurry. Just at this moment — with all the luggage

hanging on her back and arms — Tabassom reported the discovery of a “black larva with

yellow spots”. No doubt, this must be the fully grown larva of Z. speciosa, sitting fully

exposed in the late afternoon sun on the west side of a warmed-up big stone close to

one of the Apiaceae plants. Forgetting the time we took several photos (Figs 11-14),

not forgetting to press some plants for exact determination. The moment we wanted

to start we realised that the female was just starting to lay eggs. We couldn’t put it in

the dark rucksack, as it needed the evening sun. Fortunately, thanks to the telecabin

guardian, we were able to find accomodation at a nearby hotel that was exceptionaly

open. The next day, before returning to Tehran, we went again to the biotope. Nothing

was flying nor were any other larvae found. However, a cocoon was discovered under

a stone of medium size (12 x 7 x 5 cm), thus completing the bionomics of Z. speciosa

with a minimal number of records: one female, one fully grown larva, one cocoon and

one batch of eggs together with the pressed unknown host-plant. With the awareness

of having had an entomological highlight we left Kuh-e Tochal on August 4, 2005.

However, the price we paid was high. It was the very last day in the wild on this tour

and our driver, with all the larvae from three months’ fieldwork in the car, forgot this

day for half an hour his job that he had done so carefully during the long tour. On the

Tochal base plateau the car stood exposed in the full mid-day sun and heated up on the

inside to more than 70°C. Over 1,400 Zygaena larvae — the majority already just before

diapause — cooked and died. It needed weeks to revitalise from this shock and two years

to write this article.

Nota lepid. 31 (1): 25-52 35

Tehran

@) Z- speciosa

1000-2000 m > Z. cacuminum

> 2000 m

Map. Records and areals of the two oreal Zygaena (Mesembrynus) species in northern Iran. While

Z. speciosa (loc. 1-6) is known from central and western Alborz, the closely related Z. cacuminum is

only recorded from Shah Kuh (loc. 7) and Kuh-e Shahvar (loc. 8, 9) S of Gorgan. Numbers of localities:

1 Kuh-e Samamus, 2 Gardaneh-ye Tondrokosh, 3 Hezarchal (type locality of Z. speciosa), 4 Hezercham

(type locality of Z. speciosa suleimanicola), 5 Dizin-Shemshak, 6 Tochal. — Distances between the most

peripheral populations of Z. speciosa are 140 km, those of Z. cacuminum are only 30 km. Absence of

records between Tehran and Gorgan (270 km) is assumed to be an artefact due to lack of fieldwork.

The mountains in this region are not so high, but east of Demavend (vicinity of Lac Taar) and north-east

of Semnan they reach altitudes above 3,500 m.

Zygaena speciosa at Dizin-Shemshak (province Tehran), 3,500—3,800 m

(Figs 7-8)

In the vicinity of the pass between Dizin and Shemshak, A. Karbalaye had already

collected, in 2001, some burnet moths including Z. carniolica and a couple of Z.

speciosa (labelled: “M. Dezen, 3.800 m, 5.8.2001”; (see distribution map, loc. no. 5).

The following year but more than one month earlier, W. ten Hagen found a single

female here at the top of the teleski station (“Tehran N, Elburs, NE Dizin, 3550 m,

2.7.2002”). Until these discoveries, Z. speciosa was known only from its type locality.

36 HOFMANN & Kıa-Hormann: High Mountain Zygaena in Iran

The phenotype of this population differs slightly from the nominotypical form and

is more similar to moths from Kuh-e Tochal, as one would expect. While all moths

from the area around Dizin are also melanistic, but with the hindwings slightly more

red scaled and the forewings tending to being six spotted, the population from Kuh-e

Tochal is phenotypically between the darkened 5-spotted populations of Alam-Kuh

(100 % five-spotted) and that from Dizin-Shemshak (here two moths are six spotted,

the other two have spot 6 vestigial).

We visited this locality at the end of July 2003 and 2005 without any success. However,

with the newly acquired information about the larval host-plant (from Kuh-e Tochal),

a westerly facing site where the same Apiaceae occurred (as with the biotopes at Kuh-

e Tochal) was visited on July 10, 2006 on the south side of this ridge (3,500--3,600

m). The flight period was already coming to an end, as only one female, two vacated

cocoons (under stones) and one batch of eggs (under a stone, Fig. 8) were found on this

date. One week later, IQ and | worn & were observed at the same locality. The male

was attracted to a virgin female of Z. speciosa from Kuh-e Tochal (e. p.).

Zygaena speciosa at Kuh-e Samamus (province Gilan), 3,350—3,600 m

(Figs 26-31, 34-45)

This new locality from 3,350 m up to the summit (3,620 m) of Kuh-e Samamus

(Tonekabon SW) on June 25, 2006 (see distribution map, loc. no. 1) was discovered

by Alireza Naderi (Karaj). The description of this well-separated and easily distin-

guishable new subspecies will follow in another paper. Five days later, A. Hofmann

and A. Naderi visited the biotope at 3,400 m altitude. In spite of very bad weather

conditions (fog, rain, subsequently a cold wind, temperature falling to 8°C), the

preimaginal stages and four moths (sitting inactive on stones) were found. In addition

to more than a dozen cocoons that were already vacated (some with the pupal exuviae

still protruding), nine with living pupae inside were found and taken with us. All were

hidden, spun under predominantly flat stones of a size somewhat bigger than those

from Kuh-e Tochal. Only three cocoons were spun under stones of medium size that

could be taken with us. Moreover, we found seven larvae (one fully grown, six fairly

small, 10 and 12 mm) hidden under stones or just coming out to warm up when the sun

came through for a short moment. A third visit (July 6, 2006, A. Hofmann & T. Kia

Hofmann) had to be cancelled as the weather was extremely bad. Further successful

Figs 1-6. Iran, Alborz, Alam-Kuh region, type locality of Zygaena speciosa. 1. Many trials to rediscover the

species failed because the weather conditions can be “very suboptimal” even in July and August; Bernard

Mollet putting our luggage on a mule near Tange Golu, 15.vii.1999. 2. On the way to the Hecarchal valley,

15.v11.1999. 3. Our camp site near the narrow gorges (Tange Golu); here we had three days rain, wind and

storm. 4. Fresh snowfall in the Hecarchal valley at the site where we expected to find the biotopes, 16. vii.

1999. 5. A good locality with plenty of host-plants was discovered in 2006. Although it was sunny and mild

at the beginning of August, not a single specimen could be found (Note. Fig. 4 shows the same site just

3 weeks earlier). 6. Clas Naumann and Gerry Tremewan had more luck when they visited Alam Kuh in

1997; four fresh specimens were found on 28.v11.1997 (Fig. 6, photo by C. M. Naumann.).

Nota lepid. 31 (1): 25-52 37

eae

38 HOFMANN & Kıa-Hormann: High Mountain Zygaena in Iran

observations and collections were possible on the fourth visit (July 15, 2006, A.

Hofmann) when Zygaena speciosa was common on this date and accompanied by

masses of Z. carniolica.

Zygaena speciosa at Gardaneh-ye Tondrokosh (Zarout) (province Mazandaran)

3,270-3,350 m

While crossing the Alborz range (14.v11.2006) on a bad trail between Qazvin and the

Caspian Sea, we stopped at the highest pass named Gardaneh-ye Tondrokosh (ca 3,250

m) and climbed to the nearby summit of the mountain. Here another population of

Z. speciosa (see distribution map, loc. no. 2) was found syntopic with Z. carniolica.

This population inhabits a west- to north-west-facing biotope and in good weather one

can see the Kuh-e Samamus that ıs around 20 km distance as the crow flies. Like

the population from the latter locality, it is not melanistic on the hindwings, as in the

eastern populations from the type locality, from Dizin-Shemshak and from Kuh-e

Tochal. Therefore it will be referred to the new subspecies from Kuh-e Samamus in a

forthcoming paper. A white-flowering, undetermined Apiaceae, probably a Semenovia

Sp., grows in the biotope and must be the host-plant as no other Apiaceae was present.

While Z. carniolica was visiting the flowers of an Acantholimon sp. and Thymus sp.

in the late afternoon, all moths of Z. speciosa were observed flying very quickly and

therefore they were difficult to collect.

Description of an ab ovo culture (2005-2007) and the preimaginal stages

(Kuh-e Tochal)

(Figs 15-25, 32-33)

The above-mentioned female from Kuh-e Tochal laid 70 eggs that were deposited in

three batches, all on the same day (August 3, 2005). As it was disturbed several times

by moving and walking, the eggs were not deposited in regular batches.

Ovum. The eggs are relatively large, bigger than that of Z. tamara (reared at the same

time). Usual whitish cream colour tinged with orange-brown. Yolk sack bigger than in

Z. tamara.

Figs 7-13. Iran, Alborz, new records of Z. speciosa from Dizin-Shemshak and Tochal. 7-8. Between

Dizin and Shemshak. In spite of the fact that Semenovia tragioides — one of the larval host plants — is not

very common on this extremely steep biotope, one batch of eggs was found on the underside of a stone,

10.vii.2006. 9-13. Kuh-e Tochal, province Tehran, observations in the wild. 9. Before starting to feed,

the larvae first come out and warm up on warmed stones or expose themselves to the sun, 28.vi.2006.

10. Typical Z. speciosa biotope in the boulder scree zone close to snowfields at 3,650 m altitude, with

flowering Onobrychis cornuta bushes at the end of the larval phase, 28.vi.2006. 11. At the end of June the

host-plant sets its first seeds. When it is sunny the half- or fully-grown larvae crawl out from under the

stones and preferably eat the last fresh buds (note larva sitting on right stem), 28.vi.2006. 12-13. About

one-third of the adult larvae that we found in the field were parasitised by Chalcididae or Tachinidae, Kuh-e

Tochal, 3.v111.2005.

Nota lepid. 31 (1): 25-52 39

40 HOFMANN & KiA-HorMANN: High Mountain Zygaena in Iran

Eggs were deposited in two or three layers. In the heat of Tehran the embryos developed

very quickly and emerged after six days (August 9, 2005). Before emergence, the eggs

changed in colour and became greyish (darker than in Z. tamara). In 2006, one batch of

eggs was found in the wild at a site near Dizin — Shemshak (Tehran). It was deposited

in two layers on the underside of a stone (similar behaviour to that of Z. cacuminum),

the batch being of medium size and placed directly beneath the host-plant. It consisted

of 19 (1148) eggs (Fig. 8).

From the F1 generation (derived from the female from Tochal) two subsequent cultures

(F2) were reared in 2007 when successful pairings were obtained (May 21 and 27,

2007).

In CV070521,1 (= first “Copula-Versuch” [copulation trial] on May 21, 2007) the

copula (Fig. 15) took place at 14h00 and remained till 13h00 of the next day. The same

afternoon the female laid five batches of eggs, deposited in two to three layers, some

slightly irregular.

In CV070527,3 (= third “Copula-Versuch” on May 27, 2007) the copulating pair

was found at 16h00 and had already separated by the next morning at about 10h00.

However, the same day the female laid three batches of eggs within three hours. The

first batch (slightly irregular) consisted of 43 eggs. The second was deposited in three

layers and comprised 29 eggs (15+12+3), the third in a double layer (Fig. 16) consisted

of 33 eggs (22+11).

All in all, six batches of eggs were laid in captivity on the underside of the wooden

construction of the box, the female sitting with the dorsum downwards. Only one batch

was laid on the underside of a leaf of Eryngium planum (L.) (Apiaceae).

While in Iran, the egg phase lasted only 6 days, but the cultures in Germany needed 8 to

9 days. This is one day shorter than Z. tamara or Z. nocturna under the same conditions.

In all cases, all batches were fertile. Infertility or partial infertility (of single eggs) was

not observed.

Larva. On the day of hatching, the LI larvae ate parts of their egg shells and then sat

close together before starting, after 24 hours, to accept the several Apiaceae plants that

they were offered, e.g. Seseli libanotis (L.) Koch, Eryngium planum Linnaeus, and

Pastinaca sativa Linnaeus. The freshly emerged L1 larva is already pigmented and

Figs 14-27. Preimaginal stages of Z. speciosa from Kuh-e Tochal and Kuh-e Samamus. 14. The white-

flowering larval host-plant, S. tragioides, mostly grows between unstable stones, Kuh-e Tochal, province

Tehran, 28.vi.2006. 15-25. Breeding Z. speciosa in captivity (2005—2007). 15-16. After two years the first

moths (F1) emerged in spring 2007. A successful copula was obtained on 21 May 2007; the next day the 9

laid three batches of eggs (F2) arranged in 2 and 3 layers. 17-18. Already the pre-diapause larvae — here

in the L3 — have the typical aposematic pattern; however, the black coloration is slightly less developed,

31.v111.2005. 19-20. Diapausing larvae (L4D), 14.11.2006. 21. Half-grown larva in the postdiapause instar

(LS). 22. Cocoon with pupal exuviae, e.o., Kuh-e Tochal. 23-24. The yellow spots of the fully grown

larvae (here from the ab ovo culture of 2005) are bright and obviously contrasting, thus giving the larvae a

strong aposematic pattern, 7.v.2007. 25. Lateral pattern of the fully grown larvae; well visible are the areas

of ground colour on the verrucae, 30.vi.2006. 26-27. All cocoons were spun on the underside of stones;

some places had such excellent microclimatic conditions that even 2 cocoons were spun close to each

other, Kuh-e Samamus, 30.v1.2006.

Nota lepid. 31 (1): 25-52 41

42 HOFMANN & KiA-HoFMANN: High Mountain Zygaena in Iran

looks greyish. Two pronounced brown lines (one on each side of the lighter greyish

white dorsum) are visible; the ground colour is also dominated laterally by brownish

darkened pigmentation interrupted by the lighter verrucae. Ventrally the ground colour

is whitish grey; the crochets of the abdominal prolegs are dark brown to black. White

setae long, dark setae short. At the end of L1 (after 7-9 days in Iran), the typical pattern

of the fully grown larva is already visible. However, the coloration is not so strong

and black as in the postdiapause stages — it is more dirty brownish in L1. This means

that the larva of Z. speciosa ıs darkened from the beginning onwards, whereas typical

eremic or arboreal Zygaena species in Iran have a green or creamy-white coloration

before diapause and obviously change their pattern successively after diapause. This

observation fits well with those of other oreal species, e.g. Z. cacuminum, a characteristic

that must be interpreted as an adaptation to high-mountain climates. Even in August,

when the young larvae hatch, the temperatures at night can fall close to 0°C and bad

weather conditions with rain and storms can last for days. In the L2 stage the pigment

coloration changes more from brownish to black and becomes extended dorsally so

that the lighter grey ground colour remains only as a narrow dorsal line. 10 yellow-

white dorso-subdorsal spots (DSS) are now present from the 2nd thoracic to the 8th

abdominal segment. The larvae now preferred Pastinaca sativa, less so Seseli libanotis

and only a few feeding marks were noted on Eryngium planum or E. giganteum. In

captivity the larvae fed well and grew quickly. The L3 larva (5 mm, Figs 17-18)

exhibits nearly the same pattern as that found in the fully grown larvae; only the spots

become more accentuated and the yellow DSS are more brilliant. The majority of

larvae had already entered diapause by the end of June; single individuals underwent

a further moult (LA) and went on feeding till the end of August. After the first year,

i.e. in the autumn, 51 larvae had entered diapause (LAD, LSD, Figs 19, 20) when the

contrasting coloration was reduced; the ground colour became light brownish while

the black pigmentation was medium brown and the yellow dorso-subdorsal spots were

weaker. The loss of larvae was low and only a few died during diapause. The following

spring (end of March), the larvae (4 mm) were taken into a warm room and subjected

to greater humidity. After 10 days the larvae moulted (L5, partly L6). Under the same

conditions, larvae of other Zygaena species moulted much quicker: Z. cambysea (3

days), Z. manlia (3), Z. tamara (5), Z. christa (5). After moulting, the Z. speciosa larvae

regained their predominant black coloration with the yellow spots less pronounced in

the beginning (later becoming more significant). Some larvae died but the majority fed

well and grew. However, all larvae fed for just one instar (6—7 mm) and after 4 weeks

they all entered diapause for a second time (L6D, partly L7D).

Figs 28-31. Biotopes, host-plants and preimaginal stages of Zygaena speciosa from Kuh-e Samamus (SW

Ramsar). 28. In the lower parts of Kuh-e Samamus there are dense forests followed by subalpine meadows

from 2,300 m altitude upwards. The prostrate Juniperus sabina L. (2,300-2,600 m) is characteristic of

the transition zone to the treeless highest regions (2,700-3,620 m). 29. The trail to the pass (3,350 m)

was partly destroyed in 2006 so that one had to walk from 2,650 m upwards. 30. Freshly emerged 9 of

Z. speciosa warming up on a limestone rock, 30.vi.2006. 31. Flowering plants of a pinkish-flowered

Thymus sp. were preferably visited for nectaring when the sun was shining, 15.v11.2006.

Nota lepid. 31 (1): 25-52 43

HER

44 HOFMANN & Kıa-Hormann: High Mountain Zygaena in Iran

Quite remarkable was the feeding behaviour of the post-diapause larvae. The main

activity was observed during the afternoon. At dusk and during the night the larvae hide

themselves under leaves or sit inactive under papers. This observation was confirmed

after the following diapause in 2007. Thirty-five larvae were overwintering (2006 to

2007); after moulting at the end of March 2007, many larvae died (probably because

of an application of the active substance fipronil [“Frontline”] on the house dog as

prevention against ticks). Only a dozen larvae that were taken into the room some

weeks later survived and all of these developed well.

After two further moults (L10, partly L11) the first larva became fully grown (Figs

23-25, 32-35) at the beginning of May 2007. The fully grown larva has a light bluish-

grey ground colour although this is strongly reduced. The intersegmental regions are

only visible when the larva stretches by moving. On the dorsum the ground colour is

reduced to a narrow zigzag band by the two expanded black dorsal spots. Posteriorly,

the dorsal line ıs broader on every segment; anteriorly it is very thin (Fig. 23). The

large anterior dorsal spot (ADS) is connected to the posterior dorsal spot (PDS) on both

sıdes (dorsally and ventrally) and even the areas surrounding the verrucae or dorsal

warts (D1+D2; terminology after Tremewan 1985: 91; Hofmann 2003: 77) are dark-

pigmented, only the bases of the setae are lighter. In the same way the subdorsal verrucae

(SD) are also ring-shaped surrounded by one large black spot that is formed by the

anterior subdorsal spot (ASS) and by the posterior subdorsal spot (PSS). Only the tops

of the verrucae are of the ground colour. The immediate surrounding of the spiracle at

the lower end of the connected subdorsal spot is also lighter. Further ventrally, the dark

pigmentation becomes more brownish-black. The next verruca under the spiracle — the

upper lateral verruca (L1) — is in the same way surrounded and even further ventrally

the L2 verruca is darkened. Ten large, bright yellow, dorso-subdorsal spots (DSS) of

oval shape contrast strongly although the first and the last are reduced. Retractile first

thoracic segment, abdominal prolegs and anal prolegs light greenish-yellow. White

setae long, predominant on the abdominal segments. Black setae present on the first

and second thoracic segment and on the last abdominal segment short, rather stiff.

Cocoon. Half a dozen cocoons were found in the wild on the Kuh-e Tochal on August

4, 2005 (1), 2006 (4) and July 31, 2007 (1). Moreover, remnants of cocoons from

former years were noted. Eight cocoons resulted from larvae found on June 28, 2006.

From the ab ovo cultures that began in 2005, nine cocoons were spun on the underside

Figs 32-35. Comparison of final instar larvae collected in the wild at Kuh-e Tochal (32-33) and Kuh-e

Samamus (34-35). All larvae from Kuh-e Tochal exhibit a mediodorsal band of ground colour, while the

larvae from Kuh-e Samamus are generally darker and especially this band is narrower or even absent.

36-38. Kuh-e Samamus, biotope and fieldwork. 36. Optimal weather conditions with full sun on the

Z. speciosa biotope, while clouds from the Caspian Sea hang lower down in the valleys, 15.v11.2006.

37. Two weeks earlier we had been here twice under very different conditions, but fog, rain and cold

temperatures did not prevent us from searching for larvae and cocoons under stones; Alireza Naderi in

“warm” clothes, 30.v1.2006. 38. 29 of Z. speciosa crawled out from their hiding places under stones

immediately when the sun came out for a few minutes, but sat inactively when it became cloudy again,

30.v1.2006.

Nota lepid. 31 (1): 25-52 45

46 HOFMANN & KIA-HOFMANN: High Mountain Zygaena in Iran

of the lid of the box and under stones between May 4-12, 2007. At Kuh-e Samamus 25

cocoons were found and four resulted from larvae.

The cocons are slightly wrinkled, semi-ovoid, extremely fragile (cannot be removed

from stones without destroying its base). Colour variable, from whitish to brownish or

golden and with metallic sheen. Weakly developed ribs occasionally visible posteriorly.

Pupal exuviae are mid- to dark brown. Exuviae from ab ovo cultures darker than those

found in the wild. Cocoon from 2007, found at 3,400 m, differing in browner, more

golden coloration and in lighter brown exuviae.

All cocoons in the wild were spun under stones of medium size and situated not far

from the host-plant. Not a single one was found exposed or spun on vegetation. From

the cocoons obtained from larvae found in the wild at the end of June 2006, the moths

emerged after 14 days in Iran (first female e.p.: July 12, 2006), while the cocoon phase

in Germany lasted two days longer. The first male and female emerged from cocoons

obtained from the ab ovo culture after 16 days (May 20 and 21, 2007). Three more

males and three females emerged up until May 28, 2007.

Infraspecific differences in preimaginal and imaginal phenotypes

The moths of both western populations (Kuh-e Samamus, Gardaneh-ye Tondrokosh)

are not melanistic. They are smaller than the melanistic populations from Alam-Kuh

and Kuh-e Tochal. Consequently, the larvae and cocoons do not reach the same size.

In the last and penultimate instars the larvae from Kuh-e Samamus (Figs 34—35) are

clearly darker than those from Kuh-e Tochal (Figs 32—33). The ground-coloured medio-

dorsal band is narrower or can even be lost, thus giving the larva a completely black

dorsum. The pigmentation subdorsally and laterally is stronger, too. The most darkened

larvae are reminiscent of a larva of a Parnassius sp. (Fig. 43). The extension of the dark

pigmentation can be a subspecific adaptation to the extreme weather conditions so close

to the Caspian Sea where, at the time of the final larval development, the periods of fog,

cold wet winds and little sunshine can be normal. On four trips to this locality between

the end of June and mid July we had rain, wind and very low temperatures on three

occasions (Fig. 37). But when the sun came through, the larvae immediately started

climbing up the plants, warming up and feeding. In contrast to the larval phenotype, the

imaginal phenotype is not melanistic. Probably the conditions some weeks later during

the flight period of the moths are more stable on average and/or the lower altitude of

Figs 39-45. Kuh-e Samamus, larvae of Z. speciosa on different host-plants and syntopic Z. carniolica,

30.vi.2006. 39-40. The majority of the fully grown larvae of Z. speciosa were found on the yellow-

flowered Trachydium depressum. 41. Two larvae feeding on one plant of the whitish-flowered Trachydium

eriocarpum, also a host-plant. 42. A third, unidentified Apiaceae on which larvae were found feeding.

43. Fully grown larvae — especially when partly hidden — resemble larvae of Parnassius species, 30.vi.

2006. 44-45. Zygaena carniolica accompanies Z. speciosa in all its known localities. The moths of

Z. carniolica prefer to nectar on the globe-like flowers of a second Thymus sp. that is growing in this

area.

Nota lepid. 31 (1): 25-52 47

48 HorMANN & Kıa-Hormann: High Mountain Zygaena in Iran

the biotopes (3,270-3,400 m; compared with those from Tochal, 3,500-3,800 m and

Alam Kuh, 3,200-4,000 m) allows enough activities for nectaring and reproduction so

that no melanistic adaptatıon has evolved to absorb more solar radiation. Not a single

melanistic form was found here although around 150 moths were observed, while all

the moths from Alam-Kuh, Kuh-e Tochal, and Dizin-Shemshak (ca. 200 specimens)

are melanistic.

Further field observations and larval host-plants

At Kuh-e Tochal larvae were found during the early afternoon under small stones or

at the base of plants of Semenovia tragioides (Boiss.) Manden (det. H. Akhani), a very

characteristically smelling, white-flowering Apiaceae. At the end of June 2006 the host-

plant was not in flower; the flowering stems, however, were protruding. The first larva

that was found on August 3, 2005 was parasitised by a species of Chalcididae. On June

28, 2006, more than a dozen larvae were found; of these, nine were fully grown, while

five were of medium size or even smaller and some of the latter were entering diapause

for a second time. Just before the appearance of the moths, two more larvae of medium

size were found on July 19, 2006; both went into a second diapause, thus confirming

the above observations. The same was observed with larvae from Kuh-e Samamus. Of

nine larvae, only one made a cocoon the same year, three went into diapause and the

rest died or were parasitised. Based on these observations, one can assume that two

over-Wintering periods are the general strategy of this high-mountain species, as all

larvae from the ab ovo culture also went into a second diapause.

Host-plants used by larvae exhibit a characteristic look: as the larvae feed on the

flowering stems, the latter are bent over or they are without umbels, as the larvae

preferably eat these parts. Because of this behaviour, the plants on which the larvae

feed look different and acquire a cushion-like form.

The temperature at this altitude falls very quickly when clouds or fog that emanate

from the Caspian Sea prevent direct sunshine. The activity of the moths is more or

less restricted to the warmest time of the day, 1.e. between 11.00 and 15.00 h. The few

observed and freshly emerged females had a heavy flight, but two males were observed

to fly very quickly; one female was seen nectaring on thyme.

At Kuh-e Samamus the biotopes have a west- to north-west-facing aspect. In contrast

to Kuh-e Tochal and the pass between Dizin-Shemshak, the larvae here feed on three

different Apiaceae with a slight preference for the yellow-flowering Apiaceae. Feeding

larvae were found on Trachydium eriocarpum Born. & Gauba (white-flowering),

Trachydium depressum (Bois.) Bois. (yellow-flowering) and another Apiaceae

(probably Peucedanum sp. or Semenovia sp.) (all det. H. Akhani / Tehran). However,

the definitive determination needs confirmation as the plants were just flowering and

no seeds could be found.

The plants do not grow as high as those on Kuh-e Tochal but are somewhat prostrate

or close to the ground.

Nota lepid. 31 (1): 25-52 49

Around midday the moths were observed visiting the ‘polsters’ or cushions of two

different Thymus spp. and nectaring at their flowers; some were active on one polster

for more than 10 minutes and crawling from one flower to the next. During periods

when the wind abates and the sun is fully shining, the moths immediately come out and

warm up on the sun-exposed sides of stones. We observed this behaviour even at low

temperatures of 12-13°C at the beginning of the flight period (June 30, 2006). During

the main period (mid July to beginning of August), the moths can immediately appear

in abundance and begin to fly when it becomes sunny and less windy for a moment in

the habitat. But when the sun is hidden or the wind is too strong, they land or fall down

to the ground and crawl under stones. The flight is steady and calm, 20-30 cm above

the ground when it is windless; then they are probably searching for nectar plants or

the males for females. But males were regularly observed flying 1—5 m high and very

quickly, especially when crossing the saddle of the mountain ridge.

Two virgin females from Kuh-e Tochal (ex larvae) were placed in gauze-covered boxes

for checking their attractiveness to the males of the population at Kuh-e Samamus. At

one single stop, eight males arrived and tried to reach the females, their valvae opened

and ready for mating.

From both localities, parasitoids (Hymenoptera and Diptera) were obtained from larvae

collected in the wild. A complete list with all known parasitoids will be published

later.

Biotope(s). On Kuh-e Tochal four biotopes inhabited by Z. speciosa were discovered

between 2005 and 2007, all of them situated on the south side of the mountain. The

maximum distance from each other is around 3 km; the lowest is situated at 3,390

m, the highest at 3,680 m altitude. In all these sites the larval host-plant Semenovia

tragioides is common and flowering at the time of appearance of the moths. The sub-

populations are only weakly isolated by areas where the larval host-plant does not grow.

However, each site is visible from one habitat to the next and there are no isolating

barriers between them. Consequently, the population exhibits a typical metapopulation

structure. All sites are very steep, westerly facing biotopes with moving stones (scree)

and abundant Semenovia tragioides, dominated by Poaceae with Thymus sp., Salvia

sp., and Onobrychis cornuta cushions.

The other biotopes at Dizin — Shemshak, Hecaréal, Gardaneh-ye Tondrokosh and Kuh-

e Samamus are all westerly (south-west to north-west) facing. There can be no doubt

that the general warming up of the biotope and the longer evening sun is the deciding

factor.

Zygaena cacuminum Christoph, 1877

“Zygaena cacuminum Chr.” Christoph 1877: 243, pl. 6 fig. 17. Type locality: “auf dem mit Steingerüll

bedeckten Plateau und den höchstgelegenen Abhängen des Felskammes bei Schahkuh” (original

description); [Iran, prov. Golestan, Gorgan 37 km S., Shah-kuh-e Pain 6 km SE., Kuh-e Gawkoshan

(3,813 m)]; (see distribution map, loc. no. 7).

50 HOFMANN & Kıa-Hormann: High Mountain Zygaena in Iran

No information is provided on the number of specimens that were collected, but both

sexes are mentioned. One specimen (probably ©) is illustrated in a hand-coloured

figure.

The rediscovery of Z. cacuminum around 120 years after it was first discovered by

Christoph is described by Hofmann (2000d) and Naumann (2000) who also provide data

on the biology and ecology (phenology, host-plants etc.). Until 2005, Z. cacuminum was

one of the rare burnet moth species (like Z. problematica and Z. halima) that was known

only from its type locality. Here Z. cacuminum — according to the original description

— inhabits biotopes in the highest regions of the Shahkuh range. The rediscoveries in

1998 (B. Mollet), 1999 (A. Hofmann, J.-U. Meineke, B. Mollet), 2000 (B. Mollet),

2003 (A. Hofmann, J.-U. Meineke), 2005 (A. Hofmann, B. Mollet) as well as material

collected by T. Keil (2003, 2006) were all on the north side of the mountain range in the

boulder/scree zone between 2,800 and 3,100 m altitude.

If one proceeds around 25-30 km eastward from Shahkuh, as the crow flies, one

reaches the highest peak of the eastern Alborz, a mountain known as Kuh-e Shavar

(3,945 m). On its north side, this mountain is covered with forests that extend down to

the Caspian Sea, while the slopes on its west, east and south sides are almost treeless

with poor, high-mountain steppe vegetation (Artemisia, Acantholimon, etc.) where only

isolated Juniperus trees occur. A typical high-mountain flora with cushion vegetation

(Astragalus spp., Onobrychis cornuta) is found from above 2,500 m. Five permanent

rivers rise from this mountain. Near the village of Tash, a trail that follows the course

of one of these rivers leads to a coal mine in this mountain. Kuh-e Shahvar is visible

from the upper parts of Shahkuh, but both are well separated from each other by deep

valleys in which there is intensive cultivation of the land. It had already been assumed

by Naumann (2000) and Hofmann that suitable biotopes for Z. cacuminum should exist

on this mountain, which is why both explored this area several times, but without any

success. A definitive clue that Z. cacuminum in fact has a population there was given

when H. Akhani showed the author Zygaena photographs for determination, which he

had made during his botanical fieldwork in 1998-2001. There was no doubt that one

photograph depicted a fresh male of Z. cacuminum nectaring on Acantholimon. The

photograph was taken at the end of July while Akhani was on his way from the village

of Tash to the top of Kuh-e Shahvar at an altitude of about 3,350 m. Provided with

this information, A. Hofmann and B. Mollet intensively explored the slopes of the two

peaks of Kuh-e Shahvar from July 24—27, 2005, viz. the lower peak (Kuh-e Shahvar

kucek) on the north side and the higher one (Kuh-e Shahvar bozorg) further south. At

both sites the very local, white-flowering, larval host-plant Trachydium eriocarpum

was found. At Kuh-e Shahvar kucek, Z. cacuminum was observed on both sides (north-

and south-facing) of a ridge where the moths were flying and nectaring between 3,300

and 3,550 m altitude. The highest record is from Kuh-e Shahvar bozorg where a single

male was found close to the snowfields at an altitude of 3,720 m. On both mountains,

Z. cacuminum was accompanied by Z. ecki and Z. carniolica.

As a consequence of these new records, the expectation of finding Z. cacuminum at

further localities in eastern Iran (Kuh-e Aladag, Kuh-e Binalut) becomes more realistic.

Nota lepid. 31 (1): 25-52 5]

The relationship of Z. speciosa and Z. cacuminum will be discussed when more concrete

facts are available, based on successful exploration of the areas between Demavend and

Semnan.

Acknowledgements

Extensive fieldwork in Iran in 2005, 2006 and 2007 would not only have been less successful but even

impossible without the active help in Germany and Iran provided by many good friends to whom we express

our sincere thanks: Prof. Dr. Hossein Akhani (Tehran), Bernd Gmelin (Freiburg), Ingmar Harry (Freiburg),

Helen F. Hofmann (Hochstetten), Ahmad Karbalaye (Tehran), Bernard Mollet (Paris), Nadine Meseck

(Freiburg), Dr. Jörg-Uwe Meineke (Kippenheim), Josef Mooser (Freising), Alireza Naderi (Karaj), Maike

Stange (Freiburg), and Dr. W. Gerald Tremewan (Truro) helped during fieldwork or provided valuable advice,

determined the preserved plants, or took care of the dog, garden, and house. Furthermore we do not forget the

support and help in various ways from Dr. Wolfgang Eckweiler (Frankfurt), Giinter Ebert (Karlsruhe), Astrid

Grauel (Rutesheim), Dr. Bernard Landry (Genéve), Thomas Keil (Dresden), Dr. Matthias Nuss (Dresden),

Dr. Storai Naumann-Nawabi (Bonn), Dr. Wolfgang ten Hagen, and Dr. Robert Trusch (Karlsruhe).

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52 HOFMANN & Kıa-Hormann: High Mountain Zygaena in Iran

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Nota lepid. 31 (1): 53-63 53

Review of the genus Phocoderma Butler, 1886 (Zygaenoidea:

Limacodidae)

ALEXEY V. SOLOVYEV

Dept. of Entomology, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9,

RUS - 190 034, St. Petersburg, Russia; e-mail: Solovyev_Alexey@mail.ru

Abstract. The genus Phocoderma Butler, 1886 is reviewed. Three externally similar species have been

associated with the genus so far; the synonymy of P. velutina (Kollar) and Natada rugosa Walker is verified

and a new species, P. witti sp. n., is described (type locality: Myanmar, 21 km E Putao, Nan Sa Bon village,

550 m; holotype in Museum Witt Munich, Germany). The three recognized species differ in male genitalia

and in several newly found external characters.

Zusammenfassung. Die Gattung Phocoderma Butler, 1886 wird revidiert. 3 sehr ähnliche Arten wurden

bisher in der Gattung beschrieben. Die Synonymie zwischen P. velutina (Kollar) und Natada rugosa

Walker wird bestätigt und eine neue Art, P. witti sp. n., wird hier beschrieben (Typusort: Myanmar, 21 km

E Putao, Nan Sa Bon village, 550 m; Holotypus im Museum Witt München, Deutschland). Die Arten

unterscheiden sich deutlich in den männlichen Genitalien; auch einige neue Unterscheidungsmerkmale

werden im Habitus festgestellt.

Pe3r0me. K HaCTOSIHeMY BPEMEHH H3BECTHO TOJIBKO JIBa BuJla pona Phocoderma Butler, 1886, BHEIIIHe OYEHb

moxoxux. B pe3ybTaTe ITOTO UCCHENOBAHHS Oba TIONTBEP>KJICHA CHHOHUMUA MEXJIY BuJIaMH P. velutina

(Kollar) u Natada rugosa Walker u ormcaH HOBBIÜ JIA HaAYKH Buy P. wilti Sp. n. (THMOBaA MECTHOCTE:

Myanmar, 21 km E Putao, Nan Sa Bon village, 550 m; rosıotun xpanutca B Museum Witt Munich,

Germany). Buybi pona Phocoderma Butler, 1886 xopouwio oTmmuaroTca JIPYT OT Jpyra OCOGEHHOCTAMHA

CTPOCHHA TEHHTAIIMM CaMUOB, HO TaKXKe ÖbIJIM HAÏJICHBI BHELIHNE JNATHOCTHYECKNE TIPA3HAKH.

Introduction

Phocoderma Butler (1886: 4) was described as monotypical with type species

Gastropacha velutina Kollar (1844: 473). By 1886 two species names were associated

with the genus — velutina and rugosa Walker, 1855, both from the Indian region; they

were synonymized by Butler (1886). In 1896 Druce (1896: 236) described a new spe-

cies, P. betis, from South-West China. Since that time the genus was believed to contain

only two these species (Hering 1931: 720).

As a result of this review, three valid species differing in male and female genitalia,

characters of the labial palp and forewing pattern are recognized. The previous syn-

onymy of P. velutina and Natada rugosa Walker was re-evaluated in the context of

newly found characters. All characters usable for species identification are illustrated

and distribution maps are given for each species.

Material and methods

This work includes a study of the type material of all species-level names associated

with genus Phocoderma to verify their status. The female holotype of Gastropacha

velutina was examined at the NMW (see list of abbreviations below), the types of both

Natada rugosa Walker and Phocoderma betis Druce were studied at the BMNH. Also,

numerous additional specimens were studied to analyze the geographical distribution

Nota lepidopterologica, 15.05.2008, ISSN 0342-7536

54 SoLovyEv: Review of Phocoderma

of all taxa and to test characters that might be usable for identification. Moths kept in

the MWM formed the basis of this study; but material from ZSM, ZISP, NSMT, and

BMNH was also considered, totaling approximately 200 specimens.

Genital slides were prepared and stained using the method of Hardwick (1950), the

vesica was inverted, and the genitalia were mounted in Euparal. The moth images were

taken with a Nikon Coolpix 5400 E digital camera and the images of genital structures

were taken through a MBS-10 binocular microscope and later re-worked using Corel

Photo Paint 11.

In the species descriptions below the ratios concerning labial palps always include

scale covering.

Abbreviations

BMNH The Natural History Museum; London, Great Britain

GU genital preparation

MWM Entomological Museum Thomas J. Witt; Munich, Germany (to be transferred to ZSM)

NMW Naturhistorisches Museum Wien; Vienna, Austria

NSMT National Science Museum (Natural History); Tokyo, Japan

ZISP Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences; St. Petersburg, Russia

ZSM Zoologische Staatssammlung der Bayerischen Staaten; Munich, Germany

Results

Phocoderma Butler, 1886

Phocoderma Butler, 1886: 4. Type-species: Gastropacha velutina Kollar, 1844: 473.

Diagnosis. All species very similar in appearance and among the largest limacodids

of the Oriental Tropics with wingspans of 51-72 mm (Figs 1-6). Ground colour

various shades of brown. Body stout. Antennae bipectinate in male and filiform in

female. Labial palps directed anteriorly (Figs 7-12). Proboscis vestigial, as long as

first segment of labial palps, and spiraled in 1.5 turns. Foretibia with white distal patch.

Species without sexual dimorphism, but females usually larger than males and more

robust, with stouter body. Forewing elongate, with curved darker submarginal fascia

parallel to external margin, and area basal to this divided by oblique line with subapical

curvature. Venation identical in all species, conforming to ground plan of Limacodidae

but with several diagnostic features (Fig. 13) (Holloway 1986: 100): forewing with

medial stem branched distally; Sc slightly sinusoidal, Al+A2 with basal fork and with

6 pseudoneuria (or vestigial veins) from common stem of anal vein to lower margin of

wing; R3+R4 stalked from R5. Hindwing with short oblique crossvein between Sc+R 1

and Rs.

Male genitalia (Figs 14-20). Complying with limacodid ground plan (sensu

Holloway 1986: 50); uncus simple, strong, wide basally, apically narrow; gnathos

strong, curved at right angle medially; valvae without saccular process; transtilla

interrupted medially (“hemitranstilla” of Stekolnikov & Kuznetzov 1981: 536) present;

Nota lepid. 31 (1): 53-63 55

Figs 1-6. Phocoderma spp. 1. P. velutina (Kollar), holotype, 9 (NWM). 2. P. velutina (Kollar), holotype of

Natada rugosa Walker, © (BMNH). 3. P. velutina (Kollar); Borneo, Selatan, ©. 4. P. betis Druce, holotype,

9 (BMNH). 5. P. betis Druce; China, Simao, ©. 6. P. witti sp. n., holotype, 9 (MWM). Scale bar: 1 cm.

phallus very long, mostly straight, with characteristic dorsoapical process of variable

shape; juxta flattened, ellipsoidal (Fig. 14).

Female genitalia (Figs 21-30). Both pairs of apophyses well developed, apo-

physes posteriores 1.5 times longer than anteriores, as long as height of ovipositor lobes

(Figs 21, 22); antrum strongly sclerotized, much broader than ductus bursae, curved;

ductus bursae very long, spiraled; corpus bursae ovoid, with paired signum.

Larva. Of the “nettle” type, as described below in specific account of P. velu-

tina.

Remarks. The genus consists of three species, one of them being described here

as new. All three are very similar in appearance, but easily distinguished from one

56 SOLOVYEV: Review of Phocoderma

Figs 7-12. Labial palps of Phocoderma spp., S ©. 7. P. velutina (Kollar); Indonesia, Aceh (Sumatra).

8. The same without covering scales; Malaysia, Sabah (Borneo). 9. P. betis Druce; China, Shaanxi. 10. The

same without covering scales. 11. P. witti sp. n., paratype; India, Assam. 12. The same without covering

scales; paratype; Myanmar, Putao District. Scale bar: 1 mm.

another by genitalic characters, especially by the shape of the apical process of the

phallus. External diagnostic characters are also available: the ratio between the 3rd and

the 2nd segments of the labial palps as well as characters of the apical curvature of the

forewing’s postmedial line (for details see specific accounts).

Distribution. From India to Sundaland, including Nepal, Myanmar, China, Thailand,

Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, and Borneo.

Phocoderma velutina (Kollar, 1844) Figs 1-3, 7, 8, 15, 16, 21, 23—27, 31

Gastropacha velutina Kollar, 1844: 473. Type locality: [north India] “Himal., Massuri”. Holotype: 9,

in NMW.

Natada rugosa Walker, 1855: 1109. Type locality: “Scinde?”. Holotype: ©, in BMNH. Synonymy estab-

lished by Butler (1886: 4).

Natada velutina Kollar; Hampson 1892: 382; Hering 1933: 343.

Phocoderma velutina Kollar; Butler 1886: 4; Leech 1899: 103; van Eecke 1925: 27; Holloway 1982:

40, pl. 2 fig. 24; Holloway 1986: 100, pl. 7 figs 163, 164, 168; Holloway 1990: 49, pl. 2 fig. 25;

Yoshimoto 1994: 86.

Phocoderma velutinum Kollar; Hering 1931: 720.

Description. Male (Figs 2, 3, 7, 8). Expanse 45-60 mm, forewing length 20-26 mm.

Ratio of length of 3rd : 2nd segments of labial palps from 1 : 10 to 1 : 3, and ratio of

width of 3rd : 2nd segments from | : 6 to 1 : 2.5.

Nota lepid. 31 (1): 53-63 sf!

A3 A1+A2

Fig. 13. Wing venation of Phocoderma velutina (Kollar); Malaysia, Sabah (Borneo).

Fig. 14. Male genitalia of Phocoderma witti sp. n., holotype, GU N° 10008. Scale bar: 5 mm. Apex of

phallus oriented to the right.

Male genitalia (Figs 15, 16). Uncus narrow with strong sclerotized apex. Gnathos

long, strong, with slight curvature. Valvae elongate, of variable shape. Juxta lamellar.

Phallus tube-shape, long, very narrow, slightly curved, with long narrow apical process,

curved back at 30-40°. Ratio of length of valvae to length of phallus from 1 : 2.3 to

15:3.

Female (Fig. 1). Expanse 51-72 mm, forewing length 23-30 mm. Ratio of length of

3rd : 2nd segment of labial palps from 1 : 5 to 1: 3, and of width of 3rd : 2nd segments

from 1:7t01:1.5.

Female genitalia (Figs 21, 23-27). Ductus bursae very long, narrow. Corpus

bursae rounded, with diffused linear double signum. Shape of signum variable; ratio

of length of maximal width of each half to its length from 1 : 10 to 1:5, and of medial

width of each half to its length from 1 : 10 to 1:5.

Diagnosis. Externally this species is very similar to P. betis Druce, but the subapical

curvature of the forewing oblique line extending from the wing base to the submarginal

fascia is more angular. Also very similar to P. witti sp. n., but the 3rd segment of the male

labial palp is distinctly shorter than in both other species (see Descriptions). Gnathos

strong, narrow, With weak curvature. Phallus longer than in P. betis, with narrow, strong

and recurved apical process. Signum narrower than in P. betis.

Biology. A mature larva is illustrated in colour by Lewvanich (2001: 95, fig. 64). Body

with long scoli: length of dorsolateral scoli on segments T3, Al, A7, and A8 about

20 mm at maturity, other dorsolateral scoli 7 mm long, shorter than lateral ones. The

ground colour of the body is different tints of green: from yellowish green to pale

grayish green, including scoli; lateral and A8 dorsolateral scoli with black tips; scoli

situated at intersections of network of transverse and longitudinal bands of ground

58 SOLOVYEV: Review of Phocoderma

Figs 15-20. Apical part of phallus of Phocoderma spp. 15. P. velutina (Kollar), holotype of Natada rugosa

Walker. 16. P. velutina (Kollar); Myanmar, Tenasserim, GU N° 10007 MWM. 17. P. betis Druce; China,

Shaanxi, GU N° 9997 MWM. 18. P. betis Druce; China, Yunnan, GU N° 10010 MWM. 19. P. witti sp. n.,

paratype, GU N° 9995 MWM. 20. P. witti sp. n., holotype, GU N° 10008 MWM. Scale bar: 1 mm.

colour enclosing horizontal blue ellipses dorsally and pale grayish green oblique

ellipses laterally on each segment.

The larvae are gregarious when young, living on the underside of leaves, eating the

epidermis. They separate on the host-plant when larger and often defoliate whole trees.

Pupation occurs on the soil surface in a solid, grey, rough ovoid cocoon (Holloway

1986: 100).

The recorded host-plants are Lannea, Mangifera (Anacardiaceae), Sapium (Euphor-

biaceae), Terminalia (Combretaceae), Bombax (Bombacaceae) (Holloway 1986: 100);

Aleurites (Euphorbiaceae), Butea monosperma (Leguminosae), Nephelium lappaceum

(Sapindaceae), Camelia sinensis (Theaceae) (Robinson et al. 2001: 323).

The flight period is from March to December. The species has been found in habitats

situated between altitudes of 150-1900 m and probably is bivoltine.

Distribution (Fig. 31). India, Nepal, Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia (Taman Negara),

Borneo, Sumatra.

Remarks. The synonymy of P. velutina (Kollar) and Natada rugosa Walker (Fig. 2)

is verified on the basis of the external characters of the holotypes, by comparing the

locations of their type localities, and by the distribution patterns of all Phocoderma

Nota lepid. 31 (1): 53-63 59

species. Unfortunately, the abdomen of the type specimen of P. velutina (Kollar) is

strongly damaged (by pests?) and important characters have been lost. A preparation

was made and only the ovipositor lobes were found undamaged. The labial palps are

also broken. But rugosa and velutina are the only species of the genus known from

north India.

Phocoderma betis Druce, 1896 Figs 4, 5, 9, 10, 17, 18, 22, 28-30, 32

Phocoderma betis Druce, 1896: 236. Type locality: “China, Hunan”. Holotype: 9, in BMNH.

Phocoderma betis Druce; van Eecke 1925: 27; Hering, 1931: 720.

Description. Male (Figs 5, 9, 10). Expanse 42-60 mm, forewing length 20-30 mm.

Forewing with subapical curvature of oblique line extending from basal part to

submarginal fascia distinctly rounded, never joined with submarginal fascia. Ratio of

length of 3rd : 2nd segment of labial palps from 1 : 3.5 to 1: 1.5, and of width of

3rd : 2nd segments from | : 3.5 to 1 : 1.5.

Male genitalia (Figs 17, 18). Uncus narrow. Gnathos long, strong. Valvae elon-

gate. Juxta lamellar. Phallus tube-shaped, long, narrow, slightly curved, with two apical

parallel crest-shaped processes, distal crest with short medial point.

Female (Fig. 4). Expanse 55-65 mm, forewing length 28-32 mm. Ratio of length of

3rd: 2nd segment of labial palps 1 : 2 to 1 : 1.5, and of width of 3rd : 2nd segments from

1:2to1: 1.5. Ratio of length of valvae to length of phallus from 1 : 2 to 1 : 2.2.

Female genitalia (Figs 22, 29, 30). Ductus bursae very long, narrow. Corpus

bursae rounded, with heart-shaped signum variable. Ratio of length of maximum width

of lateral part of double signum to its length from 1 : 3.5 to 1 : 3, and medial width of

lateral part of double signum to its length from 1 : 5 to 1 : 3.5.

Diagnosis. Forewing pattern characteristic: subapical curvature of oblique line extend-

ing from base to submarginal fascia distinctly rounded, much more so than in other

two species, never joined with submarginal fascia. Third segment of labial palp in male

longer than in P. velutina (Kollar), almost as long or a slightly longer than in P. witti sp.

n. Phallus shorter than in other species, with two parallel crest-shaped apical processes.

Signum broader than in P. velutina (Kollar), heart-shaped.

Biology. Little known: flight period from May to September; the species was collected

at altitudes of 800-3500 m. The immature stages are unknown.

Distribution (Fig. 32). China (Shaanxi, Hubei, Zhejiang, Sichuan, Hunan, Guanxi,

Simao and Yunnan), Northern Thailand (Changwat Nan), Northern Vietnam (Lai

Chau).

Phocoderma witti sp. n. Figs 6, 11, 12, 19, 20, 32

Material. Holotype ©, ‘Myanmar (Burma) | 21 km E Putao | Nan Sa Bon village | 550 m, 1-5.V.1998

München’, MWM. — Paratypes: 100°, same data as holotype. 70, Myanmar (Burma), Putao, 500 m,

27.1v.1996, leg. Murzin & Sinjaev, MWM (GU Nr. 9995). 30°, Myanmar N (Burma), Putao, H=500 m,

23.v.1998, leg. V. Murzin, V. Sinjaev, MWM. 70°, Myanmar (Burma), 65 km NE Putao, Zi Yar Dam

60 SoLovYEv: Review of Phocoderma

Figs 21-22. Female genitalia of Phocoderma spp. 21. P. velutina (Kollar); India, Kerala, GU N° 10013

MWM. 22. P. betis Druce, type. Scale bar: 5 mm.

Figs 23-30. Signum variability of Phocoderma spp. 23. P. velutina (Kollar); Sumatra, GU N° 634 JDH

of BMNH. 24. P. velutina (Kollar); Nepal, GU N° 10029 MWM. 25. P. velutina (Kollar), GU N° 10002

MWM. 26. P. velutina (Kollar); Myanmar, Tenasserim, GU N° 10003 MWM. 27. P. velutina (Kollar);

GU N° 11117 MWM. 28. P. betis Druce, type. 29. P. betis Druce; Thailand, Changwat Nan, GU N° 10001

MWM. 30. P. betis Druce; China, Sichuan, GU N° 11082 MWM.

village, 950 m, 18-21.v.1998, leg. Murzin & Sinjaev, Museum Witt, MWM (GU Nr. 11.127). 10°, Myanmar

(Burma), 16 km E Putao, Kaung Mu Lon village, 500 m, 28-30.1v.1998, leg. Murzin & Sinjaev, MWM

(GU Nr. 12.301). 30°, NE-India, Assam, Nameri Nat. Park, 40 km N Tezpur, 150m, 27°20’N, 93°15’E,

24.v11.—2.v111.1997, leg. Sinjaev & Murzin, MWM (GU Nr. 11.128). 20°, NE-India, Assam, W. Meghalaya,

Garo Hills, Nokrek National Park, 25°40’N, 91°04’E, 1150 m, 2-13.v11.1997, leg. Afonin & Sinjaev,

MWM (GU Nr. 10.012 and 11.129). 19, Naga Hills, 2500-5000 ft., vi-viii.1889, W. Doherty, ZISP.

Description. Male (Figs 6, 11, 12). Coloration different tints of brown, tanned. Forewing

pattern with oblique line extending from basal part to submarginal fascia with distinct

curvature. Expanse 45-58 mm, forewing length 20-27 mm. Ratio of length of 3rd : 2nd

segment of labial palps from 1 : 3 to 1 : 2.5, and of width of 3rd : 2nd segments from

23.910411:

Male genitalia (Figs 14, 19, 20). Uncus narrow with strongly sclerotized apex.

Gnathos long, strong, curved distally, distinctly hook-shaped. Valvae elongate. Juxta

Nota lepid. 31 (1): 53-63 61

| | < 7. | | S :

Figs 31-32. Distribution of Phocoderma spp. 31. P. velutina (Kollar). 32. P. betis Druce (A) and P. witti

sp. n. (m). Symbols in a circle represent a type locality.

lamellar. Phallus tube-like, long, very narrow, slightly curved with short, broad,

elongate, recurved dorsoapical process. Ratio of length of valvae to length of phallus

#om 1: 2.3 to 1 : 3.

Female. Unknown.

Diagnosis. Externally this species is very similar to P. betis, but with the forewing

subapical curvature of the oblique line extending from the base to the submarginal

fascia more angular; without evident external differences with P. velutina, but 3rd

segment of male labial palps as long or slightly smaller than in P. betis and longer and

broader than in P. velutina. The hook-shaped gnathos and rounded apical process of the

phallus are diagnostic; the phallus is longer than in P. betis.

Biology. Little known. Flight period from mid April to early August. All specimens

were collected at altitudes of 150-1250 m.

Distribution (Fig. 32). North-east of India (Assam, Tezpur, Western Meghalaya),

Northern Myanmar (district of Putao).

Etymology. The species is dedicated to Mr. Thomas J. Witt (Munich, Germany) for his

constant support of my investigations of limacodid moths.

Conclusions

Genus Phocoderma now consists of three species with one of them (P. witti)

here described as new, while the synonymy of P. velutina and Natada rugosa was

verified.

Phocoderma velutina is the most widespread species of the genus. It is distributed from

India and Nepal to Sundaland. In northern Myanmar and east India velutina flies in

sympatry with P. witti and in northern Vietnam with P. betis.

62 SOLOVYEV: Review of Phocoderma

The species of Phocoderma are very similar externally and the most useful features

for species identification are in the male genitalia, especially the shape of the apical

processes of the phallus: the single apical process of P. velutina is narrow, strong,

curved basally; that of P. betis is made of two parallel sinusoidal crests; and that of

P. witti is flat, broad basally, and rounded apically. Some useful external characters

for identification were also found: the length of the 3rd segment of the male labial

palps and the curvature of the forewing’s fasciae.

The values of the ratios between the 3rd and 2nd segments of the labial palps are not

discrete and should not be used for final species identification, but they are useful for

sorting specimens. Nevertheless, the 3rd segment of the male labial palps in P. velutina

is shorter than in the other species, while that of P. betis is longer, which was found

to be unusual and remarkable. The ranges of values of these ratios are without distinct

correlation to geographical distribution.

The phylogenetic relationships of Phocoderma and other limacodid genera are not

clear, but this genus was placed in the “paired signum section” of the family by Holloway

(1986: 54). Therefore, it is considered to be close to Miresa Walker, Mahanta Moore,

Scopelodes Westwood, Susica Walker, and Hyphorma Walker.

Phocoderma moths have several unique or rare characters for limacodids. First of all, the

length of the 3rd segment of the labial palps is not constant, showing great variability in

ratios with the 2nd segment, and it differs in size between and within species. Secondly,

the forewing has the medial stem branched distally and six pseudoneuria are present

between the anal vein and the dorsal margin. Similar pseudoneuria can also be found in

genus Mahanta Moore, but in different numbers, and this character can possibly represent

a synapomorphy for these two genera.

Acknowledgements

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Dr. Vadim V. Zolotuhin (Ulyanovsk, Russia) for his great

help and supervision during all stages of my research on the Limacodidae and for correcting this paper;

to Mr. Thomas J. Witt (Munich, Germany) for his support of my work with material of the MWM and

other museums; to Dr. Wolfgang Speidel (Munich, Germany) for linguistic help with the German abstract.

I am very grateful to Mr. Martin Honey and Mr. Geoff Martin (BMNH) for the opportunity to study type

material under their care and for technical support during my stay in London in 2005; to Dr. Sergey Yu.

Sinev (ZISP) for his encouragement of my work in ZISP, to Dr. Martin Lédl and Dr. Sabine Gaal-Haszler

(NHW) for technical support and for their help with my studies of the type material of Vincenz Kollar, to

Dr. Axel Hausmann for his support of my work in ZSM, and to Dr. Mamoru Owada for sending NSMT

material on loan. This study was supported financially by the Thomas Witt-Stiftung in 2005—2007 and by the

Russian Federal program supporting leading scientific schools (NSh — 7130.2006.4). Images of the moths

from the BMNH are published here under courtesy of The Trustees of the Museum.

References

Butler, A. G. 1886. Illustrations of typical specimens Lepidoptera-Heterocera in the collection of the Bri-

tish Museum 6. — London. xv + 90 pp., ci-cxx pls.

Druce, H. 1896. Descriptions of some new species of Heterocera from Hunan, central China. — Annals and

Magazine of Natural History 6 (18): 235-236.

Hampson, G. F. 1892. The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Moths 1. — London.

527 pp:

Nota lepid. 31 (1): 53-63 63

Hardwick, D. F. 1950. Preparation of slide mounts of lepidopterous genitalia. — Canadian Entomologist

82: 231-235.

Hering, M. 1931. Limacodidae. — In: A. Seitz (ed.), Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde 10: 665-720,

4 pls.

Hering, M. 1933. Limacodidae. — Jn: A. Seitz (ed.), Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde 2: 339-347.

Holloway, J. D. 1982. — In: H. S. Barlow. An Introduction to the Moths of South East Asia. — Malaysian

Nature Society, Kuala Lumpur & E. W. Classey, Faringdon, U.K. 305 pp.

Holloway, J. D. 1986. The Moths of Borneo: Key to Families; Families Cossidae, Metarbelidae, Ratardi-

dae, Dugdeonidae, Epipyropidae and Limacodidae. — The Malayan Nature Journal 4: 1—166.

Holloway, J. D. 1990. The Limacodidae of Sumatra. — Heterocera Sumatrana 6: 9-77.

Kollar, V. 1844. Lepidoptera. — Jn: C. F. von Hügel, Kaschmir und das Reich der Siek, vol. 4, part 2,

Aufzählung und Beschreibung der von Freiherrn Carl v. Hügel auf seiner Reise durch Kaschmir und

das Himaleyagebirge gesammelten Insecten. — Stuttgart: 397-496.

Leech, J. H. 1899. Lepidoptera Heterocera from Northern China, Japan and Corea. Part II. — Transactions of

the entomological Society of London, 1899: 99-219.

Lewvanich, A. 2001. Lepidopterous Adults and Larvae. — Department of Agriculture, Bangkok. 230 pp.

(in Thai).

Robinson, G. S., P. P. Ackery, I. J. Kitching, G. W. Beccaloni & L. M. Hernandez 2001. Hostplants of the

moth and butterfly caterpillars of the Oriental Region. — The Natural History Museum and Southdene

SDN BHD. 744 pp.

Stekolnikov, A. A. & V. I. Kuznetzov 1981. Functional Morphology of the male genitalia and notes on the

system of the subfamily Geometrinae (Lepidoptera, Geometridae). — Entomological Review 60 (3):

535-549. (in Russian).

Van Eecke, R. 1925. Fam. Cochlidionidae (Limacodidae). — /n: E. Strand (ed.), Lepidopterum Catalogus

32: 5-79.

Walker, F. 1855. Lepidoptera Heterocera, part 5. — List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the

Collection of the British Museum: 977-1257.

Yoshimoto, H. 1994. Limacodidae. — Moths of Nepal 3. — Tinea 14 (Suppl. 1): 85-89.

64 Book reviev

Toropov, S.A. & A.B. Zhdanko. 2006. The butterflies (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea) of Dzhungar,

Tien Shan, Alai and Eastern Pamirs. Vol. 1. Papilionidae, Pieridae, Satyridae. — Bishkek,

Kirghizia. — 383 pp., 729 figs in colour. Size 297 x 213 mm. Hardcover (ISBN 9967-23). Obtainable

via S.A. Toropov, Chokmorov str. 300, apt. 6, Bishkek 720010, Kyrgyzstan. Phone/Fax: 996-312

654745. E-mail: storopov @elcat.kg; www.satento.kg.

This new book is considerably different from all other works on the butterflies of Central Asia pub-

lished during the past few years (Lukhtanov & Lukhtanov 1994; Tshikolovets, 1997, 1998, 2003,

2005, etc.). It covers the territory of Kyrgyzstan, south-eastern Kazakhstan, eastern Uzbekistan, and

eastern Tajikistan (Pamirs), which includes many hardly accessible mountain ridges and highlands

that are extremely interesting faunistically. The first volume is devoted to the Papilionidae, Pieridae,

and Satyridae, which include 145 species in the region. The second volume treating the remaining

butterfly taxa will be published soon.

The text consists of a small preface and very short but informative species essays written both in

Russian and English. For every species the latin name, type locality, general distribution, habitats,

flight-time, and host plants are mentioned. This is accompanied with color photos of the butterflies

(male and female, sometimes from the underside as well) and dotted maps of distribution within the

region of study. The special feature of the book is its high-quality photos of biotopes, butterflies and

larvae in nature, and host plants. The bibliography is rather short and includes only the most important

or the very last publications. Misprints (Erebia kalmuca instead of E. kalmuka; Paralasa kuznezovi

instead of P. kusnezovi; a few wrong dates of publication) are scarce and probably inevitable in such

a large work.

As a whole the book is well done and has both scientific and artistic value. This is quite comprehen-

sible because its authors are very experienced field workers and the second author is a qualified tax-

onomist and photographer. This book will be very useful for professional lepidopterists, amateurs, and

anyone interested in the butterfly fauna of the wonderful mountain lands of Central Asia.

ALEXANDR Lvovsky & SERGEY SINEV

Nota lepid. 31 (1): 65-68 65

A new species of Agdistis Hübner, 1825 from Tajikistan

(Pterophoridae)

FLORIAN ALTERMATT

Florian Altermatt, Zoological Institute, Universität Basel, Vesalgasse 1, CH-4051 Basel;

e-mail: faltermatt@bluewin.ch

Abstract. Agdistis tugai, sp. n., is described based on two females collected in south Tajikistan. The

habitat is a so-called tugai forest that consists of Populus diversifolia Schrenk trees and tamarisk shrubs

(Tamarix sp.). The forest is surrounded by steppe. The adult and the female genitalia are illustrated. The

type specimens will be deposited in the collection of the Natural History Museum of Basel, Switzerland

(Naturhistorisches Museum Basel). Records for five other Pterophoridae species from Tajikistan are also

given.

Introduction

Members of the genus Agdistis Hiibner [1825] occur in the whole Palaearctic and

are especially found in coastal areas and in Central Asian steppes (Arenberger 1995).

About 100 species of Agdistis are known to date (Gielis 2003). The knowledge on

Central Asian Pterophoridae is still incomplete, but the information regarding the genus

Agdistis was summarized by Arenberger (1995). Because some countries of the area

can now be accessed more easily, their attraction increased and several descriptions

of new species followed (e.g. Alipanah & Ustjuzhanin 2006; Arenberger 1995, 2002;

Ustjuzhanin 2001; Zagulajev 1990, 1996). Here I describe a new species of the genus

Agdistis found in southern Tajikistan, close to the Afghan border. The species can be

recognized easily by the female genitalia. It occurs in the only remaining large Populus

diversifolia Schrenk (Salicaceae) forest at the confluence of the Vakhsh and Panj riv-

ers.

Agdistis tugai sp. n. (Figs 1-3)

Material. Holotype 9, “TJ [Tajikistan] Tigrovaya Balka | Karalyevskaya Dacha | E 68° 23’ 10” |

N 37° 14’ 00”, 316 m | 6./7.vii.2007 LF | leg. F. Altermatt’, ‘Holotype | Agdistis tugai Altermatt Q | det.

F Altermatt’. — Paratype: 1 9, ‘TJ [Tajikistan] Tigrovaya Balka | E 68° 24’ 35.9” | N 37° 14’ 29.8”, 330 m

| 5.v11.2007 LF | leg. F. Altermatt’, ‘Paratype | Agdistis tugai Altermatt Q | det. F Altermatt’. The holotype

and paratype are deposited in the NHMB.

Description. Adult female (Fig. 1). Alar expanse 26 mm, forewing length 14.5 mm.

Head whitish to pale grey, frons creamy white with brown scales left and right of bulge.

Lapial palpus creamy white to greyish, posterior end of each segment with few brown

scales. Antenna grey, proboscis well developed. Vertex creamy white to grey with few

brown scales. Forewing not cleft, whitish to greyish white with brown scales, speckled.

Central field homogenously grey and slightly darker than rest of wing. Four brown

costal markings: two most proximal markings well developed, two distal ones suffused

and hardly visible. Four markings at dorsal margin of fold, 4" obliquely above 3",

sometimes also fused. Cilia mostly white, dark grey on dorsal edge. Hindwing greyish,

Nota lepidopterologica, 15.05.2008, ISSN 0342-7536

66 ALTERMATT: À new species of Agdistis Hübner

Figs 1-3. Agdistis tugai sp. n. 1. Holotype, female. Scale bar 10 mm. 2. Female genitalia and 7th sternite.

Scale bar 1 mm. 3. Habitat: a tugai forest with Populus diversifolia trees and tamarısk shrubs (photo by

T. Stalling).

plain-coloured. All legs whitish with brown scales; distal end of hindleg’s 1* tarsomere

brown. Caudal end of 7" sternite deeply carved.

Male. Unknown.

Female genitalia (Fig. 2). Apophyses anteriores absent. Apophyses posteriores

long and slender, about 1.8 times length of papillae anales. Anterior third of papillae

Nota lepid. 31 (1): 65-68 67

anales conspicuously sclerotized. Antrum weakly sclerotized; caudal end (ostium) with

two stub-shaped appendages fraying out at inner edge. Ductus bursae with weekly scle-

rotized collar. Corpus bursae without sclerites.

Diagnosis. Agdistis tugai sp. n. can be distinguished from most other Agdistis species

by the absence of anterior apophyses, the weakly sclerotized antrum (exceptional in

this genus) and the deeply carved 7" sternite. Agdistis tugai has only stub-shaped ap-

pendages on the antrum. The antrum of A. fugai is somewhat similar to the antrum of

A. mevlaniella Arenberger, 1972, but the latter species has pronounced apophyses an-

teriores. The apophyses posteriores are relatively longer in A. fugai than in the recently

described Agdistis karakalensis Zagulajev, 1990 (apophyses posteriores as long as pa-

pillae anales) and Agdistis karabachica Zagulajev, 1990 (apophyses posteriores about

1.2 times the length of papillae anales).

Habitat. A Populus diversifolia forest in Tigrovaya Balka. It is a typical riparian flood-

plain forest known as “tugai” where bushes of Tamarix sp. (Tamaricaceae) are com-

mon. Surrounded by steppe and desert and covering an area of about 50 km’, Tigrovaya

Balka is the largest remaining tugai forest. The forested area is officially protected (with

the status of a “Zapovednik”) and lies close to a prohibited zone at the country border.

Nevertheless, the forest is highly threatened by illegal logging and desertification.

Distribution. The two available specimens were collected at two close-by sites in the

Tigrovaya Balka in south Tajikistan. The sites are located about 15 km north-north-east

of the confluence of the Vakhsh and Panj rivers. The species might also occur in the

neighboring countries of Afghanistan and Uzbekistan.

Life history. Unknown.

Etymology. The name is taken from the habitat type at the type locality, which is known

as a “tugai” forest.

Faunistic remarks. I have collected one female of Agdistis mevlaniella Arenberger,

one female of Agdistis tamaricis (Zeller), and one male of Crombrugghia distans

(Zeller) at the same locality and date as the holotype. I have also collected one male

Of Marasmarcha colossa Chapman and two females of Tabulaephorus maracandicus

Arenberger & Buchsbaum at another location west of Dushanbe (Sharinav/Chotsch,

E 68° 25’ 10”, N 38° 27’ 56”, 1800 m; 2.v11.2007). All individuals were collected at a

light trap (12 W) during the first half of the night.

Acknowledgements

I thank Raffael Aye for his support before, during, and after the trip and Thomas Stalling for accompanying

me during the light catches. Ernst Arenberger provided important taxonomic remarks and made helpful

comments on the manuscript. This work was financed from my own purse.

References

Alipanah, H. & P. Ustjuzhanin 2006. A new species, a new synonym, and new distribution records in the

genus Agdistis Hübner, 1825 from Iran (Pterophoridae: Agdistinae). — Nota lepidopterologica 29 (3/4):

177-184.

68 ALTERMATT: À new species of Agdistis Hübner

Arenberger, E. 1995. Pterophoridae. — In: H. G. Amsel, F Gregor & H. Reisser, Microlepidoptera Palae-

arctica Vol. 9. - Georg Fromme, Vienna, xxv + 258 pp., 153 pls.

Arenberger, E. 2002. Eine neue Agdistis aus Zentralasien (Lepidoptera, Pterophoridae). — Carinthia 2:

607-614.

Gielis, C. 2003. World Catalogue of Insects. Vol. 4: Pterophoroidea & Alucitoidea (Lepidoptera). — Apollo

Books, Stenstrup, 198 pp.

Ustjuzhanin, P.Y. 2001. New species, distribution records and synonymies of plume moths (Lepidoptera,

Pterophoridae) from the Palaearctic region. — Nota lepidopterologica 24 (3): 11-32.

Zagulajev, A. K. 1990. New species of moths (Lepidoptera: Tineidae, Incurvariidae, Brachodidae, Ptero-

phoridae) of the fauna of the USSR. IV. — Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie 69 (1): 102-117. Fig. 1-9.

Zagulajev, A. K. 1996. New and little known species of moths (Lepidoptera: Psychidae, Tineidae, Ptero-

phoridae, Alucitidae) of the fauna of Russia and neighbouring territories. — Entomologicheskoe Oboz-

renie 75 (1): 117-131.

Nota lepid. 31 (1): 69-75 69

Caryocolum siculum sp. n. (Gelechiidae), feeding on Gypsophila

(Caryophyllaceae) in Sicily

SALVATORE BELLA

Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Fitosanitarie (Di.S.Te.F.), Universita di Catania.

Via S. Sofia, 100. 95123 Catania, Italy; e-mail: sbella@unict.it

Abstract. Caryocolum siculum sp. n. from Central and South-Eastern Sicily (Italy) is described. Its larva

feeds inside the internode of stems of Gypsophila arrostii Guss. (Caryophyllaceae). Morphological and

bioethological data on adult, larva and pupa are provided.

Riassunto. L’ Autore sulla base della diversa conformazione delle strutture genitali di entrambi 1 sessi,

descrive Caryocolum siculum Sp. n. Il nuovo taxon, appartenente al petryi-gruppo, € stato ottenuto dal-

l’allevamento delle larve rinvenute nella Sicilia centrale (Monti Erei, Agira) e sud-orientale (Monti Iblei,

Vizzini), le larve si nutrono e vivono all’ interno del fusto della Caryophyllaceae Gypsophila arrostii Guss.

Vengono forniti dati morfologici e bioetologici relativi ad adulto, larva e pupa, ottenuti da osservazioni

effettuate direttamente sul campo ed in laboratorio.

Introduction

In the present paper a new species of Caryocolum, recently discovered in Central and

South-Eastern Sicily (Iblei and Erei Mountains), is described. It was obtained from

larvae feeding in galls of Gypsophila arrostii Guss. (Caryophyllaceae).

The genus Caryocolum Gregor & Povolny, 1954, includes about 70 described spe-

cies. In Europe more than 50 species are recorded (Karsholt 2004), of which 28 occur

in Italy; in Sicily only two species are dubiously recorded (Huemer & Karsholt 1995;

Karsholt & Huemer 1995). Species of the genus Caryocolum have specialized in feed-

ing exclusively on plants of the family Caryophyllaceae (Huemer 1988).

Abbreviations

TLMF Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum, Innsbruck, Austria

ZMUC Zoologisk Museum, University of Copenhagen, Denmark

Caryocolum siculum sp. n.

Material. Holotype: ©, Italy, Sicily, Prov. Catania, Iblei Mts., Vizzini, Contrada Rubalà, surround-

ings of Poggio del Vecchio, 320 m, 22.vi.2003, e.l. on Gypsophila arrostii, S. Bella leg. (genitalia slide

0074 S. Bella; coll. TLMF). — Paratypes: 19, same data as holotype, but 26.v.1999, e.l. on G. arrostii, S.

Bella leg. (genitalia slide GU03/1202 P. Huemer; coll. TLMF); 40, 89, same data as holotype (including

19,30 genitalia slides) but 22.vi.-7.v11.2003, e.l. on G. arrostii, S. Bella leg. et coll.; 30°, 49, same data as

holotype, but 15.—20.vi.2004, e.l. on G. arrostii, S. Bella leg. et coll.; 50, 49, Prov. Enna, Frei Mts., Agira,

Vallone di Piano della Corte, Contrada Urselluzzo, 500 m, 20.-27.v1.2003 (including 19, 10° genitalia

slides), e.l. on G. arrostii, S. Bella leg. et coll.; 10°, 79, same data as holotype, but east of Lago Dirillo,

400 m, 27.iv.2006, e.l. on G. arrostii, leg. O. Karsholt (coll. ZMUC).

Diagnosis. The new taxon is well distinguishable from related species by its habitus

and characters of the male and female genitalia. Genitalia characters are somewhat

intermediate between species of the petryi-group and the saginella-group. As far as

Nota lepidopterologica, 15.05.2008, ISSN 0342-7536

70 BELLA: Caryocolum siculum sp. n. from Sicily

known species of theses groups are gall

inducers in the larval stage. C. siculum

sp. n. differs from the most similar spe-

cies, such as C. petryi (O. Hofmann,

1899) and C. inflativorella (Klimesch,

1938), by the peculiar shape of the sac-

culus and the apically rounded tip of the

valva, and in the females by the largely

reduced sclerotized antrum.

Fig. 1. Caryocolum siculum sp. n., holotype.

Description of adult. Holotype, © (Fig. 1). Wingspan 12 mm. Head ochreus,

scales on vertex tipped dark brown with basal part ochreus. Labial palpi moderately

recurved; second segment with median scales cream, outer surface with brush of short

raised cream scales and with scattered brown scales; third segment dark brown mottled

with cream scales. Antenna fuscous brown, alternately ringed dark brown and cream

below; antennal scape with distal part cream. Thorax cream, prothorax and mesos-

cutellum apically dark brown. Tegula dark brown, distal part light brown. Forewing

rather lanceolate; dark brown, scattered with cream scales, orange-brown spot in sub-

basal part, two irregular, large and fused spots from dorsal margin to central part of

wing, cream costal and tornal spots usually confluent forming fascia or separate by dis-

tinct brownish orange spot; fringes ochreus with distinct brown apical cilia. Hindwing

light greyish brown, fringes ochreus. Underside of forewing light brown. Underside of

hindwing whitish with light brown anterior margin. Foreleg with coxa and femur dark

brown, tibia and tarsus dark brown mottled with whitish, with whitish final ring at dis-

tal part of each segment; midleg whitish mottled with few brown scales on outer side,

tibia and tarsus as foreleg; hindleg with outer side dark brown scattered with whitish,

spurs and inner side whitish, dorsal whitish scales of tibia elongated. Abdomen cream.

Q similar to ©, body size slightly larger.

SO genitalia (Figs 2-5). Valva long, slender, weakly curved, rounded at tip; saccu-

lus two-thirds length of valva, broad, with small, pointed tip; vinculum stout, posterior

margin undulated, with pair of almost rectangular projections, medial incision slight;

saccus long, slender; transtilla with few minute spines; anellus with pair of long sclero-

tizations; phallus long, slender, moderately S-curved, apically with minute cornuti.

9 genitalia (Figs 6-9). Eighth segment without process; ventromedial plate with

folds, two lateromedial pairs well developed; apophyses posteriores about three times

length of apophyses anteriores; antrum broad, short, funnel shaped; ductus bursae with

pair of long narrow lateral sclerotizations; signum of medium size with large base and

short, strong, moderately curved hook.

Immature stages. Larva (Fig. 10). Length of mature larva 10 mm. Body pale

yellow. Head black with 6 pale yellow ocelli. Prothoracic plate well sclerotised,

black, with distinct medial sulcus, line of internal margin not homogeneous. Prothorax

with light brown spot around the three prespiracular setae. Thoracic legs well devel-

Nota lepid. 31 (1): 69-75 71

Figs 2-5. Caryocolum siculum sp. n., male genitalia. 2. Holotype, PG 0074 (phallus removed). 3. Paratype,

PG 0083 (phallus removed). 4. Phallus, enlarged, dorsolateral view, PG 0082. 5. Phallus, enlarged, lateral

view, PG 0083.

oped; first and second pairs dark brown with inner side pale yellow, third pair light

brown with inner side pale yellow. Spiracles of prothoracic and abdominal segment 8

with narrow rounded dark brown area. Prolegs (3-6 and 10 abdominal segments) cy-

lindrical, reduced, with complete crown of small brown crotchets arranged biordinally

(on anal prolegs anterior half of crown absent). Anal plate brown.

Pupa (Fig. 11). General characters as reported by Patocka (1989); 6.0-8.5 mm in

length; uniformly reddish brown; cremaster dorsally with two triangular projections in

lateral position.

Distribution. Central and South-Eastern Sicily (Italy). Iblei Mountains, Province of

Catania, Vizzini, Contrada Rubala, surroundings of Poggio del Vecchio, 320-400 m

(UTM VB 7508). Province of Enna, Erei Mountains, Agira, Vallone di Piano della

Corte, Contrada Urselluzzo, 500 m (UTM VB 5767).

Etymology. The name siculum refers to the island on which the new species was dis-

covered.

Life history. The larva lives and feeds in the stem of the hostplant, causing an inter-

nodal gall (Fig. 12 a). The diameter of the Gypsophila stems is about 2-3 mm, whereas

the stems with the galls are 4-6 mm wide. The length of the internodes varies from

20-50 mm; inside the gall the free space where the larva lives is 15-18 mm. The larva

pupates within the feeding-place where it prepares an emergence hole; the pupa is not

extruded on emergence. The shape of the hole in section is circular, with a diameter of

72 BELLA: Caryocolum siculum sp. n. from Sicily

Figs 6-9. Caryocolum siculum sp. n., female genitalia. 6. Allotype, PG 0075. 7. Idem, enlarged. 8. Idem,

signum, enlarged, dorsal view. 9. Signum, enlarged, lateral view, PG 0081.

mm. The opening of the hole is free, but using setae and few small fragments of fibre

of the stem (only on the outer surface) the larva builds a thin cover near it- with the

lateroposterior margin fixed to inside walls of the gall whereas the anterior margin is

easily lifted (Fig. 12 b). The larva can be found from April to late June. The possibility

to breed larvae at different stages simultaneously allowed making some observations

on the biological cycle. Some galls with mature larvae, taken from their natural habitat,

were transferred to the laboratory and bred under natural environmental conditions.

Biological data were obtained from continuous observations carried out on four mature

larvae just before they pupated. Two larvae pupated on 15.vi.2003, both remaining in this

stage for 18 days at an average daily temperature of 28°C; the emerging adult females

Nota lepid. 31 (1): 69-75

Fig. 10-11. Caryocolum siculum sp. n.. 10. larva: head and prothoracic plate. 11. pupal cremaster, dorsal

view.

Figs 12. Caryocolum siculum sp. n., gall. a. Stem

of Gypsophila arrostii with an internodal gall;

b. Vertical section showing the horizontal cover

near the opening.

survived 36 and 30 days respectively at

an average daily temperature of 28.5°C.

Another larva pupated on 4.v1.2003, re-

maining in this stage for 18 days, at an

average daily temperature of 25.5°C; the

resulting adult male survived for 24 days

at an average daily temperature of 28°C.

The last larva pupated on 22.v1.2003 at

an average daily temperature of 28°C and

the adult emerged after 16 days. The aver-

age daily temperature was calculated over

24 hours; moreover, the days of survival

of adults refer to specimens that were not

fed. Despite the high number of obtained

specimens, no mating and no oviposition

were observed in the laboratory despite

the presence of host plants. In its habi-

tat the moth rests during the day on the

substratum, between leaf-litter and rocks.

Because of its mimetic colouration it is

very difficult to see; if disturbed, it flies

quickly for short distances. After numer-

ous years of nocturnal collecting with mercury-vapour lamps at the type locality no

Specimen was ever collected. In the laboratory the adults do not seem to be phototropic.

This species seems to be univoltine like other species of the genus.

Ecology. Gypsophila arrostii is a characteristic species of thermo-xerophilous peren-

nial steppic grasslands of South Italy and Sicily (Fig. 13). It is currently ascribed to the

association Avenulo-Ampelodesmion mauritanici Minissale where the dominant spe-

cies is Ampelodesmos mauritanicus (Poiret) Dur. et Sch. (Minissale 1995).

A recent floristic study (Turrisi 1999) recorded 406 species of vascular plants for the

territory of the Vizzini river valley, but only four Caryophyllaceae: Silene vulgaris

74 BELLA: Caryocolum siculum sp. n. from Sicily

ARTS, = VE RER 2 ET ER eT es ES TUR = xe PAA AR SEAS)

Fig. 13. Type locality of Caryocolum siculum sp. n. on Sicily, Iblei Mountains, Vizzini, Contrada Rubala,

320-400 m.

(Moench) Garcke, S. alba (Miller) Krause, S. fuscata Link and Gypsophila arrostii

Guss. The latter, dedicated to the Sicilian botanist A. Arrosto, is a suffrutex with an

Eastern-Mediterranean distribution that grows on calcareous and sedimentary soils

from 0 to 800 m a.s.l.; in Italy it is presently recorded only from four meridional re-

gions: Apulia, Lucania, Calabria, and Sicily (Pignatti 1982).

Remarks. In both collecting sites much human activities affect the conservation of

ecosystems. The main problems are pasture, reforestation, and fires. The site near Agira

is included in the Nature Reserve of “Vallone di Piano della Corte”, whereas for the

area of Vizzini the WWF recently requested that the regional authorities protect the ter-

ritory through the establishment of a new nature reserve.

Acknowledgements

I am deeply grateful to Dr Peter Huemer (Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum, Innsbruck, Austria) and

to Mr Ole Karsholt (Zoologisk Museum, University of Copenhagen, Denmark) for their essential scien-

tific assistance for the description of the new taxon and for revising the manuscript. For their help during

field-work I am grateful to my sister Cettina Bella (San Gregorio di Catania, Italy) and to my colleagues

Giuseppe Fabrizio Turrisi (Catania, Italy), Rosario Ennio Turrisi (Zafferana Etnea, Italy), and Vincenzo

Cavalieri (Ragusa, Italy).

Nota lepid. 31 (1): 69-75 75

References

Huemer, P. 1988. A taxonomic revision of Caryocolum (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). — Bulletin of the Bri-

tish Museum Natural History (Entomology) 57 (3): 439-571.

Huemer, P. & O. Karsholt 1995. Lepidoptera Gelechiidae. pp. 28-40. — In: A. Minelli, S. Ruffo & S. La

Posta, Checklist delle specie della fauna italiana 83. — Calderini, Bologna.

Karsholt, O. 2004. Gelechiidae. — Jn: O. Karsholt & E. J. Nieukerken, Lepidoptera: Moths. — Fauna

Europaea. — URL: www.faunaeur.org (visited 19 april 2007).

Karsholt, O. & P. Huemer 1995. Additions and corrections to the Gelechiidae fauna of Italy (Lepidoptera). —

Bollettino di Zoologia Agraria e di Bachicoltura (ser. 2) 27: 1-17.

Minissale, P. 1995. Studio fitosociologico delle praterie ad Ampelodesmos mauritanicus della Sicilia. —

Coll. Phytosociol., Camerino 21: 615-652.

Patoëka, J. 1989. Über die Puppen der mitteleuropäischen Gelechiidae (Lepidoptera). 5. Teil, Tribus Gno-

rimoschemini. — Véstnik Ceskoslovensk Spoleénosti Zoologicke, Praha 53: 123-140.

Pignatti S. 1982. Flora d’Italia. — Edagricole, Bologna, 3 vols, 2360 pp.

Turrisi, R. E. 1999. Contributo alla conoscenza della flora di Vizzini (area iblea, Sicilia sud-orientale). —

Annali del Museo civico di Storia Naturale di Ferrara 2: 5-31.

76 Book reviev

Gozmäny, L. 2008. Symmocidae. — /n: R. Gaedike (ed.), Microlepidoptera Palaearctica 13. - Goecke

& Evers, Keltern. 558 pp. — ISBN 978-3-937783-34-5. [in German].

The Hungarian lepidopterist Laszl6 Gozmäny (9.x1.1921 — 15.x11.2006) had already written two

volumes for the book series Microlepidoptera Palaearctica, i.e. volume 5 on Lecithoceridae (1978)

and volume 10 on Holcopogonidae (2000). After many years of work he completed his last volume,

treating the Symmocidae. The manuscript was submitted in 1998, but constraints for which he was

not responsible caused a long delay until publication. Laszl6 Gozmäny submitted corrections to the

manuscript until the end of 2005, but he did not see the publication of the volume as he died in 2006.

An obituary to Läszlö Gozmäny, an honorary member of Societas Europaea Lepidopterologica, was

published in Nota lepidopterologica 30, 2007: 5-6.

The Symmocidae are in all probability a true Old World group. Despite a few taxa introduced by

man to the New World, as well as some that are placed with uncertainty in this family, most species

of Symmocidae occur in the dry and arid areas from the Mediterranean via Iran and Afghanistan to

Mongolia and southern China. Just 16 species occur outside the Palaearctic region. The group still

deserves a lot of research, e.g. records on the life history are available for only less then 10 species. So

far as known, larvae are negative phototrophic and feed on detritus or bryophytes. A major problem

with Symmocidae is related to species identification, which until now has been very difficult or even

impossible. Therefore, the new volume of Microlepidoptera Palaearctica is highly welcome.

The book is arranged in the following chapters: (1) preface by the editor, (2) introduction, (3) acknowl-

edgements, (4) general conspectus dealing with morphology, life history, distribution and systematics

of Symmocidae, genitalia preparation techniques and a systematic index with page numbers for text

and figures to the genera and species treated in the book, (4) the systematic part, (5) distribution of

the species, (6) references, (7) list of abbreviations used, (8) list of label data of all specimens figured

as adult or genitalia, (9) figures of male genitalia, (9) figures of female genitalia, (10) figures of the

adults, (11) abstract, (12) annex listing nomenclatural changes since the submission of the manuscript

by the author, and (13) alphabetical index to the taxa treated in the book.

The main part of the volume, the systematic part, comprises 240 pages. It starts with a diagnosis of

the Symmocidae, a key to the genera (followed by page numbers) followed by the treatment of the

genera. The treatment of each genus starts with a diagnosis, a key to the included species, and species

treatments. Each species treatment starts with the reference of the original description, followed by

information on type material, relevant literature, diagnostic features, life history (if known), distribu-

tion, remarks, and a differential diagnosis. The systematic part is completed with a list of the five gen-

era and 22 species excluded from the Symmocidae. Every species is coupled with an individual code

number (1-248) referring to the information given in the subsequent distribution table, the line draw-

ings of the male and female genitalia, as well as the watercolours of the adults, painted by FrantiSek

Gregor (Brno).

The systematic treatment covers 248 species, including the descriptions of seven new genera and 54

new species. Nine genus-group names and 28 species-group names are synonymised, and 40 new

generic combinations are provided. Additionally, six species are regarded as incertae sedis due to their

untraced type specimens and insufficient original descriptions. Thus, volume 13 of Microlepidoptera

Palaearctica is more than a comprehensive treatment of the Symmocidae, it is a taxonomic revision

that highly updates our knowledge of the group. It enables the user to identify the species, using the

identification keys, the informative illustrations and / or the text. A systematic and an alphabetical in-

dex guarantee that every taxon can be found quickly. Unfortunately, the German Research Foundation

(DFG) provided no financial support for printing the volume, which was the first time in the his-

tory of Microlepidoptera Palaearctica. As a result, the book is available for 390.00 € (subscription:

348.00 €) per copy. Unfortunately, this price will put it out of reach of most amateurs and many librar-

ies, but everybody who wants to work on Symmocidae will undoubtedly need this book

MATTHIAS Nuss

Nota lepid. 31 (1): 77 Vo

On the generic affiliation of the taxon efflexa Xiao & Li, 2006

(Tineidae)

REINHARD GAEDIKE

FlorusstraBe 5, 53225 Bonn, Germany; e-mail: tinagma@msn.com

Abstract. The taxon efflexa Xiao & Li, 2006, described in the genus Montetinea, is transferred to the

genus Crypsithyris, according to close relationships recognised in external characters of the adults and

male and female genitalia.

In 2006, Xiao & Li described a new moth species from China, Montetinea efflexa

(Lepidoptera: Tineidae). However, the illustrations provided for the habitus, male, and

female genitalia show very close relationships with members of Crypsithyris Meyrick,

1907. Particularly characteristic 1s the shape of the sclerotizations in the corpus bursae,

which is only known from Crypsithyris. This character has been previously illustrated

for Crypsithyris by Xiao & Li (2005). Because of the presence of this character and the

absence of contradicting, most parsimonious arguments, the taxon efflexa Xiao & Li

has to be considered as a member of Crypsithyris Meyrick and is transferred herewith

to this genus:

Crypsithyris efflexa (Xiao & Li, 2006), comb. nov.

Although Xiao & Li (2006) mention that they describe the female genitalia of

Montetinea Petersen, 1957 for the first time, this is incorrect. As early as 1962, Parenti

described the female genitalia of Montetinea montana Petersen, 1957 and provided

some important records on the life history of the species. The specimens mentioned

by Parenti (1962) were found in a cave with bat guano, which indicates that the larvae

might be coprophagous, but not lichenophagous as it has been presumed earlier

(Petersen 1957).

References

Parenti, U. 1962: Montetinea montana, Microlepidottero Eutroglofilo dell’ Appennino Emiliano. — Archivio

Botanico e Biogeografico Italiano 38 (4. Serie vol. VII (2/3): 1-7, —pls 1-2.

Petersen, G. 1957: Die Genitalien der paläarktischen Tineiden (Lepidoptera: Tineidae). — Beiträge zur

Entomologie 7 (3/4): 338-379, Figs 150—203, 1 pl.

Xiao, Y. L. & H. H. Li 2005: A systematic study on the genus Crypsithyris Meyrick, 1907 from China

(Lepidoptera: Tineidae). — Shilap, Revista lepidopterologica 33 (129): 17-23, 3 figs.

Xiao, Y. L. & H. H. Li 2006: The genus Montetinea new to China, with description of a new species

(Lepidoptera: Tineidae). — Entomological News 117 (5): 535-539, 5 figs.

Nota lepidopterologica, 15.05.2008, ISSN 0342-7536

Nota lepid. 31 (1): 79-162 79

Nota lepidopterologica indices to volumes 1 to 30 by taxon

and author names, with publication dates

REINHARD GAEDIKE

Florusstraße 5, 53225 Bonn, Germany; e-mail: tinagma@msn.com

The treasurer of the SEL, Robert Trusch, in the name of the Council, asked me to list

the new taxa (genera, species) that have been published in the first 30 volumes of Nota

lepidopterologica. In my opinion it was also important to list other relevant nomencla-

torial and taxonomic changes that have been published in the journal.

In the following list in alphabetical order, beside new taxa, the following nomencla-

tural changes are included: comb. n., stat. n., stat. rev., syn. n., bona sp., sp. rev., nom. n.,

LT (lectotype designation), and NT (neotype designation).

In some papers the original genus names were not listed and it was impossible for me

to find them. The changes proposed in the two papers by von Mentzer (1984, 1989)

concerning the names of genera used by Denis & Schiffermüller, were not listed (see:

Sattler, 1989).

Following the index of taxa all papers published in the first 30 volumes of Nota are

listed in alphabetical order of first author name, and finally the exact dates of publica-

tion for each issue of the journal are listed.

Altogether, 782 scientific papers were published. They contain the descriptions of one

new family, one new subfamily, one new tribe, 23 new genera, two new subgenera,

321 new species, and 36 new subspecies. They also contain 240 new synonymies,

178 new combinations, 66 changes of status, 25 new names, one nomen protectum, and

118 lectotype and 19 neotype designations. Infrasubspecific taxa were not considered.

Additionally, 37 obituaries and biographies/bibliographies have been published.

Index of taxa

Acidromodes gen. n. (Geometridae) — Hausmann 1996 (21.xi.) 19 (1/2): 59

actis Herrich-Schäffer, 1851 (Lycaena), LT; now: Polyommatus (Agrodiaetus) — Olivier

2000 (1.v11.) 23 (2): 105

acutana Eversmann, 1844 (Cochylis), LT; now: Bactra furfurana (Haworth,

1811) — Nedoshivina 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 96

acutangula Staudinger, 1892 (var. of Agrotis rectangula), stat. n.; now: Chersotis

acutangula — Mikkola et al. 1987 (31.x.) 10 (3): 149

adamana Kennel, 1919 (Tortricodes), comb. n.; now: Amphicoecia — Razowski 1983

(31.x11.) 6 (4): 233

adriatica sp. n. (Ceratoxanthis) — Elsner & Jaros 2003 (16.vi.) 25 (2002) (4): 221

Nota lepidopterologica, 15.05.2008, ISSN 0342-7536

80 GAEDIKE: Nota lepidopterologica indices to volumes 1 to 30

aegrota Butler, 1877 (Lithosia), stat. n.; now: Eilema (Collina) vetusta aegrota —

Ignatyev & Witt, 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 35

aemula sp. n. (Phyllonorycter) — Triberti et al. 1997 (1.vi.) 20 (1/2): 86

aerobatis Meyrick, 1924 (Gelechia), comb. n.; now: Kiwaia (Kiwaia) — Sattler 1988

(31.1.) 10 (1987) (4): 233

aetherias Meyrick, 1927 (Orinympha), comb. n.; now: Atemelia — Kyrki 1990

(31.111.) 13 (1): 35

afghana sp. n. (Aethes) — Razowski 1983 (31.x11.) 6 (4): 241

afrohispana sp. n. (Coleophora) — Baldizzone 1982 (30.vi.) 5 (2/3): 63

Aglossochloris Prout, 1912 (Geometridae), stat. n.; now: subgenus of Thetidia Bois-

duval, 1840 — Hausmann 1996 (21.x1.) 19 (1/2): 30

agutsaensis Sp. n. (Scopula) — Vasilenko 1997 (10.x1ii.) 20 (3/4): 322

ahasveros Bytinski-Salz & Brandt, 1937 (ssp. of Lycaena (Glaucopsyche) panagaea),

LT; now: ssp. of Turanana endymion — Coutsis 2005 (7.vi.) 27 (2004) (4): 262

aibasovi sp. n. (Marasmarcha) — Ustjuzhanin 2001 (21.xii.) 24 (3): 18

aicha sp. n. (Acrobasis) — Asselbergs 1998 (10.vii.) 21 (2): 112

akahatii sp. n. (Gerontha) — Moriuti 1989 (30.x1.) 12 (3): 179

albertii sp. n. (Fulvoclysia) — Razowski 1983 (31.111.) 6 (1): 38

albicapilla Zeller, 1852 (Tinea), syn. n. of Infurcitinea albicomella (Stainton, 1851) —

Gaedike 1993 (30.iv.) 15 (1992) (3/4): 232

albiciliellus (Staudinger, 1859) (Nemotois), sp. rev. — Kozlov 2004 (31.1.)

26 (2003) (3/4): 124

albidula Zerny, 1934 (ssp. of Celama subchlamydula), syn. n. of Nola subchlamydula

subchlamydula Staudinger, 1870 — Freina & Witt 1984 (30.vi.) 7 (2): 134

albiluculella sp. n. (Teleiodes) — Huemer & Karsholt 2001 (21.xii.) 24 (3): 45

alcarriensis Calle & Agenjo, 1981 (Ochropleura), syn. n. of Dichagyris imperator

(Bang-Haas, 1912) — Fibiger, Moberg & Yela 1985 (31.x11.): 8 (4): 331

aleramica Baldizzone & Stübner, sp. n. (Coleophora) — Stübner 2007 (15.v.)

30 (1): 160

alexander Chnéour, 1937 (abb. of Satyrus abdelkader), syn. n. of Berberia lambes-

sanus Staudinger, 1901 — Tennent 1994 (31.111.) 16 (1993) (3/4): 310

alfae Slaby, 1981 (ssp. of Berberia abdelkader), syn. n. of Berberia abdelkader abdel-

kader — Tennent 1994 (31.111.) 16 (1993) (3/4): 299

algirica sp. n. (Episcythris) — Passerin d’Entréves 1991 (31.v.) 14 (1): 60

alicanta sp. n. (Elachista) — Kaila 2005 (12.viii.) 28 (2): 152

aliena sp. n. (Coleophora) -Baldizzone 1987 (31.111.) 10 (1): 26

Alisa gen. n. (Crambidae) — Ganev & Hacker 1984 (30.1x.) 7 (3): 242

alpestris Boisduval, 1834 (Agrotis), LT; now: Chersotis — Dufay 1984 (31.111.)

7 (1): 16

alpicola Gibeaux, 1990 (Annickia), syn. n. of Callisto coffeella (Zetterstedt, 1839) —

Huemer 1990 (30.ix.) 13 (2/3): 135

altera Züllich, 1929 (ssp. of Lycaena anteros), comb. n.; now: ssp. of Aricia (Ultra-

aricia) anteros — Nekrutenko 1980 (1.v1.) 3 (1/2): 59

Altipolia gen. n. (Noctuidae) — Plante 1985 (31.x11.): 8 (4): 363

Nota lepid. 31 (1): 79-162 81

alurgis sp. n. (Adela) — Kozlov 2006 (17.11.) 28 (2005) (3/4): 193

amanensis Wehrli, 1932 (ssp. of Orthostixis cribraria), LT — Hausmann 1996 (21.x1.)

19 (1/2): 10

amasicola nom. n. pro Agrotis forcipula amasina Turati, 1919, nec Agrotis trux amasina

Staudinger, 1901 — Kocak 1980 (31.v.) 2 (1979) (4): 144

amethystinella Ragonot, 1885 (previously syn. of Coleophora fuscicornis), stat. rev.;

now: valid species of Coleophora — Stübner 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 148

amseli sp. n. (Alisa) — Ganev & Hacker 1984 (30.1x.) 7 (3): 245

amseli sp. n. (Episcythris) — Passerin d’Entreves 1991 (31.v.) 14 (1): 62

amseli sp. n. (Stenoptilia) — Arenberger 1990 (30.1x.) 13 (2/3): 98

amurensis Staudinger, 1892 (var. from Lithosia griseola), LT; syn. n. of Eilema

(Collina) vetusta (Walker, 1854) — Ignatyev & Witt, 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 33

anartalis Hampson, 1918 (Noctuelia), homonym; syn. n. of Evergestis anartralis

(Staudinger, 1892) — Nuss 2005 (7.v1.) 28 (1): 18

anartalis Staudinger, 1892 (Hercyna), LT; now: Evergestis — Nuss 2005 (7.v1.) 28 (1):

anatolica Draudt, 1936 (ssp. of Rhyacia elegans), comb. n.; bona sp.; now: Chersotis —

Dufay 1986 (31.111.) 9 (1/2): 53

anatolica Draudt, 1936 (ssp. of Rhyacia elegans), LT; now: Chersotis anatolica —

Varga 1986 (31.111.) 9 (1/2): 55

anatolicus sp. n. (Brachodes) — Kallies 2001 (10.viii.) 24 (1/2): 17

anatoliensis nom. n. pro Cucullia argentina grisescens Wagner, 1931, nec Cucullia

grisescens Leach, 1900 — Kocak 1980 (31.v.) 2 (1979) (4): 144

andalusiaca Staudinger, 1891 (ssp. of Srilbia anomala), comb. n.; bona sp.; now:

Stilbia — Dufay 1984 (30.vi.) 7 (2): 115

andorraensis ssp. n. (of Dichrorampha harpeana) — Huemer 1993 (30.xi.) 16 (2):

109

angeri Schawerda, 1919 (Chesias), (previously syn. of C. rufata (Fabricius, 1775)),

stat. rev.; — Huemer & Morandini 2006 (17.11.) 28 (2005) (3/4): 168

angustilinea Valle, 1930, syn. n. of Lasiocampa quercus quercus — Freina & Witt 1983

(30.vi.) 6 (2/3): 93

angustipennis Staudinger, 1871 (Tinea), syn. n. of Stenoptinea cyaneimarmorella

(Milliere, 1854) — Gaedike 2007 (19.1.) 29 (2006) (3/4): 168

annae Sp. n. (Glossotrophia) — Mentzer 1990 (31.111.) 13 (1): 44

annae Sp. n. (Oegoconia) — Sutter 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 194

annae Sp. n. (Phtheochroa) — Huemer 1990 (31.1.) 12 (1989) (4): 276

annae Zeller, 1853 (Nemotois), syn. n. of Nemotois fasciella (Fabricius, 1775) Kozlov

2004 (31.1.) 26 (2003) (3/4): 122

annegreteae sp. n. (Menophra) — Skou 2007 (19.1.) 29 (2006) (3/4): 138

Annickia Gibeaux, 1990 (Tineidae), syn. n. of Callisto (Gracillariidae) — Huemer

1990 (30.1x.) 13 (2/3): 133

annieae sp. n. (Pseudochazara) — Pages 2007 (15.xi.) 30 (2). 363

Antonechloris Raineri, 1994, stat. n.; now: subgenus of Thetidia Boisduval, 1840 —

Hausmann 1996 (21.x1.) 19 (1/2): 25

82 GAEDIKE: Nota lepidopterologica indices to volumes 1 to 30

Apetovia Krulikovsky, 1918 (Geometridae), syn. n. of Heliothea Boisduval, 1840 —

Hausmann 1996 (21.xi.) 19 (1/2): 12

Aphiaris Kuznetsov, 1981 (31.xii.) (Tortricidae), syn.n. of Ukamenia Oku, 1981

(20.11.) — Razowski 1989 (31.1.) 11 (1988) (4): 288

aphrodite sp. n. (Dyspessa) — Yakovlev & Witt 2007 (15.x1.) 30 (2): 411

apollinaris Staudinger, [1892] (var. of Doritis apollinus), stat. n.; now: Archon apol-

linaris apollinaris — Freina 1985 (30.v1.) 8 (2): 127

apollinus Herbst, 1798 (Papilio), NT; now: Archon apollinus (Herbst, 1798) — Freina

1985 (30.v1.) 8 (2): 126

apora Staudinger, 1897 (Polia), stat. rev.; now: Polymixis — Wiltshire 1993 (30.1Vv.)

15 (1992) (3/4): 262

aporiella sp. n. (Coleophora) — Baldizzone 1989 (30.v1.) 12 (2): 104

approximana Fabricius, 1798 (Pyralis), syn. n. of Acleris ferrugana ([Denis &

Schiffermüller], 1775 — Speidel & Aarvik 2002 (1.viii.) 25 (1): 18

arabescana Eversmann, 1844 (Cochylis), LT; now: Pelochrista — Nedoshivina 2007

(15.v.) 30 (1): 96

arahoui Tarrier, 1996 (ssp. of Melanargia ines), syn. n. of Melanargia ines ines

Hoffmansegg, 1804 — Tennent 1999 (1.111.) 22 (1): 52

arax Sp. n. (Anumeta) — Fibiger 1995 (30.1v.) 17 (1994) (3/4): 108

arcana Mikkola ssp. n. (of Chersotis andereggi) — Mikkola et al. 1987 (31.x.)

10 (3): 151

archaeochrysa sp. n. (Cydia (Endopisa)) — Diakonoff 1986 (31.xii.) 9 (3/4): 172

Archicnephasia gen. n. (Tortricidae) — Razowski 1983 (31.x11.) 6 (4): 232

arcosuensis sp. n. (Nemapogon) — Gaedike 2007 (19.1.) 29 (2006) (3/4): 161

arenaria Lempke, 1937 (ssp. of Coscinia cribraria), syn. n. of Coscinia cribraria

cribraria (Linnaeus, 1758) — Freina & Witt 1984 (30.1x.) 7 (3): 232

arenbergeri sp. n. (Scythris) — Passerin d’Entreves 1986 (31.x11.) 9 (3/4): 220

argentinana Brèthes, 1916 (Oliera), comb. n.; now: Cecidoses — Parra 1998 (15.x.)

21 (3): 206

argentisignella Herrich-Schäffer, 1855 (Bucculatrix) LT — Mey 1999 (1.1x.) 22 (3):

215

armeniacus Sheljuzhko, 1925 (ssp. of Archon apollinus), syn. n. of Archon apollinus

apollinus (Herbst, 1798) — Freina 1985 (30.vi.) 8 (2): 127

arnscheidi sp. n. (Reisseronia) — Weidlich 2006 (17.11.) 28 (2005) (3/4): 204

artaxias sp. n. (Victrix) — Varga & Ronkay 1989 (30.iv.) 12 (1): 77

articana Kuznetsov, 1979 (Gypsonoma), syn. n. of Gypsonoma parryana (Curtis,

1835) — Kuznetsov & Mikkola 1991 (31.x11.) 14 (3): 211

arvorum Slaby, 1981 (ssp. of Berberia abdelkader), syn. n. of Berberia abdelkader

abdelkader — Tennent 1994 (31.111.) 16 (1993) (3/4): 299

asiatica Ganev & Hacker, 1984 (Agriphila), syn. n. of Agriphila brioniella (Zerny,

1914) — Fazekas 1990 (30.1x.) 13 (2/3): 120

asiatica Sp. n. (Agriphila) — Ganev & Hacker 1984 (30.1x.) 7 (3): 238

asseclana [Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775 (Tortrix), NT; now: Cnephasia — Aarvik

1986 (31.x11.) 9 (3/4): 154

Nota lepid. 31 (1): 79-162 83

associatella Zeller, 1839, nomen protectum, now: Adela — Kozlov & Kaila 2002

(1.111.) 24 (2001) (4): 6

asymetrica sp. n. (Episcythris) — Passerin d’Entreves 1991 (31.v.) 14 (1): 59

atlantica ssp. n. (Myinodes interpunctaria) — Hausmann 1994 (30.x1.) 17 (1/2): 36

atopa sp. n. (Bactra (Chiloides)) — Diakonoff 1989 (31.1.) 11 (1988) (4): 244

attenuata Razowski, 1984 (Phalonidia), comb. n.; now: Piercea Filipjev, 1940 —

Razowski 1992a (31.111.) 14 (1991) (4): 325

aulombardi sp. n. (Dryobotodes) — Plante 1990 (31.x11.) 13 (4): 217

aurantibasella Caradja, 1938 (Adela), syn. n. of Nemophora decisella (Walker, 1863) —

Kozlov & Robinson 1996 (31.1.) 18 (1995) (1): 45

aurea sp. n. (Montanima) — Hättenschwiler 1996 (13.v.) 18 (1995) (3/4): 234

auricellus Ragonot, 1874 (Nemotois), syn. n. of Nemotois prodigellus (Zeller, 1853) —

Kozlov 2004 (31.1.) 26 (2003) (3/4): 121

aurita (Pammene), nom. n. pro Phthoroblastis aurantiana Staudinger, 1871, nec Gra-

pholitha aurantiana Kollar, 1832 — Razowski 1992 (31.111.) 14 (1991) (4): 321

azorinus Strecker, 1899 (Satyrus), comb. n.; stat. n.; now: Hipparchia (azorina) azo-

rina — Olivier & Coutsis 1997 (10.x11.) 20 (3/4): 167

badachshanica Stshetkin, 1984 (ssp. of Pseudothecla cyri), comb. n.; now: ssp. of

Armenia hyrcanica — Weidenhoffer & Eckweiler 1988 (31.1.) 10 (1987) (4): 244

baibarana Matsumura, 1927 (Nemotois), syn. n. of Nemophora decisella (Walker,

1863) — Kozlov & Robinson 1996 (31.1.) 18 (1995) (1): 45

baikalensis Raigorodskaia, 1965 (Fumea), comb. n.; now: Psyche — Sauter & Hätten-

schwiler 1999 (1.x11.) 22 (4): 265

balanophora Meyrick, 1916 (Scythris), LT — Passerin d’Entreves 1996 (29.11.) 18

(1995) (2): 147

baldizzonella sp. n. (Pancalia) — Riedl 1994 (30.x1.) 17 (1/2): 88

balearica Falkovitsh, 1978 (Ardania), syn. n. of Coleophora vestalella Staudinger,

1859 — Baldizzone 1981 (30.1x.) 4 (3): 63

ballettoi Kudrna, 1984 (Hipparchia), syn. n. of Hipparchia senthes (Fruhstorfer, 1908) —

Olivier & Coutsis 1997 (10.x11.) 20 (3/4): 205

balucha Evans, 1932 (ssp. of Eumenis miszechii), LY; now Pseudochazara — Wakeham-

Dawson et al. 2007 (15.xi.) 30 (2): 214

basifuscella Staudinger, 1880 (Bucculatrix) LT — Mey 1999 (1.ix.) 22 (3): 216

bassoni Larsen, 1974 (ssp. of Aricia crassipuncta), stat. n.; now: Aricia — Larsen 1995

(30.1v.) 17 (1994) (3/4): 121

behouneki sp. n. (Cucullia) — Hacker & Ronkay 1988 (30.iv.) 11 (1): 39

belladonnae ssp. n. (of Erebia sudetica) — Cupedo 1996 (29.11.) 18 (1995) (2): 119

bellargus Staudinger, [1892] (var. of Doritis apollinus), syn. n. of Archon apollinus

apollinus (Herbst, 1798) — Freina 1985 (30.vi.) 8 (2): 126

bellicosus sp. n. (Brachodes) — Kallies 1998 (15.x.) 21 (3): 188

benderi Marten, 1957 (Coscinia), LT; stat. n.; syn. n. of Coscinia cribraria cribraria

(Linnaeus, 1758) — Freina & Witt 1984 (30.1x.) 7 (3): 232

84 GAEDIKE: Nota lepidopterologica indices to volumes 1 to 30

benigna Brandt, 1941 (Glossostrophia), comb. n.; Now: Pseudocinglis — Hausmann

1994 (31.111.) 16 (1993) (3/4): 208

berberella sp. n. (Tischeria) — Prins 1984 (30.vi.) 7 (2): 172

berolinensis Amsel, 1932 (Epiblema), syn. n. of Rhopobota stagnana ([Denis &

Schiffermüller], 1775 — Karisch 2004 (23.x11.) 27 (2/3): 193

beryllopa Meyrick, 1935 (Nemotois), syn. n. of Nemotois albiciliellus (Staudinger,

1859) — Kozlov 2004 (31.1.) 26 (2003) (3/4): 124

beticella sp. n. (Coleophora) — Baldizzone 1987 (31.111.) 10 (1): 32

biarmata Puplesis, 1994 (Etainia), comb. n.; now: Ectoedemia (Etainia) — Nieukerken

& Lastuvka 2002 (15.x1.) 25 (2/3): 89

bidzilyai sp. n. (Acompsia (Acompsia)) — Huemer & Karsholt 2002 (15.x1.) 25 (2/3): 130

bifasciata Rambur, 1832 (Coscinia), stat. n.; now: Coscinia cribraria bifasciata —

Freina & Witt 1984 (30.1x.) 7 (3): 232

bipuncta Griveaud, 1977, comb. n.; now: Sphrageidus — Maes 1984 (31.111.) 7 (1): 56

bisinuella Erschoff, 1874 (Oecophora), comb. n.; now: Epicallima — Lvovsky 2003

(16.vi.) 25 (2002) (4): 217

bithynica Wehrli, 1954 (ssp. of Lomaspilis opis (Butler, 1878), stat. rev.; now: Loma-

spilis bithynica — Gelbrecht et al. 2004 (23.x11.) 27 (2/3): 179

bivittata South, 1900 (ssp. of Emydia cribrum), syn. n. of Coscinia cribraria cribraria

(Linnaeus, 1758) — Freina & Witt 1984 (30.1x.) 7 (3): 231

blanchieri Fruhstorfer, 1908 (ssp. of Satyrus semele), syn. n.; now: Hipparchia senthes

(Fruhstorfer, 1908) — Olivier & Coutsis 1997 (10.x11.) 20 (3/4): 204

blanchieroides Stauder, 1921 (f. of Satyrus semele), LT — Olivier & Coutsis 1997 (10.

xii.) 20 (3/4): 231

blandana Eversmann, 1844 (Tortrix), LT; now: Cochylimorpha — Nedoshivina 2007

(15.v.) 30 (1): 96

boeklini sp. n. (Idaea) — Mentzer 1990 (31.1.) 12 (1989) (4): 300

boeklini Mentzer, 1990 (Idaea), syn. n. of Idaea camparia (Herrich-Schäffer, 1852) —

Raineri 1992 (31.x11.) 15 (2): 152

bouhedmae sp. n. (Episcythris) — Passerin d’Entréves 1991 (31.v.) 14 (1): 65

boulifa Dumont, 1922 (Euproctis) LT; syn. n. of Euproctis chrysophaea (Walker,

1865) — Freina & Witt 1984 (31.x11.) 7 (4): 326, 329

boursini Rungs, 1967 (ssp. of Stilbia calberlae), comb. n.; now: Stilbia andalusiaca

boursini — Dufay 1985 (30.v1.) 8 (2): 172

bracatana Rebel, 1894 (Pandemis), comb. n.; now: Choristoneura — Razowski 1979

(7811,.)2012358

brachypterella sp. n. (Biselachista) — Klimesch 1990 (30.1x.) 13 (2/3): 138

brevis sp. n. (Acalyptris) — Puplesis 1990 (31.111.) 13 (1): 86

brontophora Meyrick, 1885 (Gelechia), comb. n.; now: Kiwaia (Kiwaia) — Sattler 1988

(31.1.) 10 (1987) (4): 233

brunea Griveaud, 1973 (Porthesaroa), comb.n.; now: Sphrageidus — Maes 1984

Sau) 7236

brunella sp. n. (Eumasia) — Hättenschwiler 1998 (1.x11.) 21 (4): 266

Nota lepid. 31 (1): 79-162 85

bruzzanaria Costa, 1863 (Geometra), syn. n. of Zethes insularis Rambur, 1833 —

Raineri 1986 (31.x11.) 9 (3/4): 234

bundeli Solyanikov, 1995 (Fumea), comb. n.; now: Psyche — Sauter & Hattenschwiler

1999 (1.x11.) 22 (4): 265

bureschi Karnoschitzky, 1954 (ssp. of Ascotis selenaria), syn. n. of Ascotis selenaria

selenaria ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) — Ganev 1988 (31.viii.) 11 (2): 99

buszkoi sp. n. (Scythris) — Baran 2004 (31.1.) 26 (2003) (3/4): 90

buvati Traugott-Olsen, 1994 (Biselachista), syn. n. of Elachista occidentalis Frey,

1882 — Kaila & Varalda 2004 (23.x11.) 27 (2/3): 226

buxeus sp. n. (Brachodes) — Kallies 2001 (10.viii.) 24 (1/2): 14

caerulea Hudson, 1925 (Gelechia), comb. n.; now: Kiwaia (Kiwaia) — Sattler 1988

(31.1.) 10 (1987) (4): 233

cahama ssp. n. (of Eriogaster rimicola) — Zolotuhin, 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 48

calandrella sp. n. (Coleophora) — Baldizzone 1982 (30.vi.) 5 (2/3): 73

calaspidea Clarke, 1934 (Gelechia), comb. n.; now: Kiwaia (Kiwaia) — Sattler 1988

(31.1.) 10 (1987) (4): 233

calvicaput Walsingham, 1900 (Epagoge), comb. n.; now: Minutargyrotoza — Yasuda

& Razowski 1991 (30.1x.) 14 (2): 189

canariella sp. n. (Ischnophanes) — Baldizzone 1984 (30.v1.) 7 (2): 101

canetella Caradja, 1920 (Scythris), LT; Now: Scythris ventosella Chrétien, 1907 —

Passerin d’Entreves 1996 (29.11.) 18 (1995) (2): 142

Capidentalia Park, 1995 (Gelechiidae), syn. n. of Bagdadia Amsel, 1949 — Sattler

1999 (1.x11.) 22 (4): 235

caradjae Rebel, 1902 (Atychia), comb. n.; now: Titanio — Nuss & Kallies 2001 (21.x11.)

24 (3): 36

catharodactylus Caradja, 1921 (var. of Pterophorus lienigianus), LT; comb. n.; stat.

rev.; now: Leioptilus — Gibeaux 1988 (31.x.) 11 (3): 187

caucasella sp. n. (Acompsia (Acompsia)) — Huemer & Karsholt 2002 (15.x1.) 25 (2/3):

124

caucasica ssp. n. (of Polyploca flavicornis) — Alberti, B. & K. Fritsch. 1983 (31.x11.)

6 (4): 200

caucasica Solyanikov, 1991 (Fumea), comb. n.; now: Bruandia — Sauter & Hätten-

schwiler 1999 (1.x11.) 22 (4): 265

caucasiella sp. n. (Agonopterix) — Karsholt et al. 2006 (17.11.) 28 (2005) (3/4): 180

celeris Omelko, 1988 (Gibbosa), syn. n. of Stenolechia notomochla Meyrick, 1935 —

Park 1994 (31.111.) 16 (1993) (3/4): 287

centaureae Deschka, 1973 (Bucculatrix), syn. n. of Bucculatrix infans Staudinger,

1880 — Mey 1999 (1.ix.) 22 (3): 218

ceramus ssp. n. (of Tosirips perpulchranus) — Razowski 1987 (31.111.) 10 (1): 91

ceres Sp. n. (Oegoconia) — Sutter 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 194

certhiella sp. n. (Coleophora) — Baldizzone 1985 (30.ix.): 8 (3): 215

cervana Eversmann, 1844 (Paedisca), LT; now: Epiblema costipunctana (Haworth,

1811) — Nedoshivina 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 98

86 GAEDIKE: Nota lepidopterologica indices to volumes 1 to 30

chamomillana Herrich-Schäffer, 1851 (Cochylis), syn. n. of Stenodes decolorella

(Zeller, 1839) — Sattler 1986 (31.x11.) 9 (3/4): 257

charmetanti Vuillot, 1890 (Artaxa), syn. n. of Euproctis chrysophaea (Walker, 1865) —

Freina & Witt 1984 (31.x11.) 7 (4): 329

chasanica sp. n. (Phaulernis) — Gaedike 1993 (30.xi.) 16 (2): 95

chekiangella sp. n. (Paramartyria) — Kaltenbach & Speidel 1982 (31.111.) 5 (1): 32

cheradias Meyrick, 1909 (Gelechia), comb. n.; now: Kiwaia (Kiwaia) — Sattler 1988

(31.1.) 10 (1987) (4): 233

chinensis Daniel, 1954 (ssp. of Lithosia griseola), LT; now: Eilema (Collina) chinen-

sis — Ignatyev & Witt 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 33

chinensis sp. n. (Proutia) — Hättenschwiler & Chung-Ling 1990 (31.1.) 12 (1989) (4):

262

chinensis ssp. n. (of Sephisa dichroa) — Nguyen 1984 (31.xii.) 7 (4): 341

chlorista Meyrick, 1912 (Nemotois), syn. n. of Nemotois istrianellus (Heydenreich,

1851) — Kozlov 2004 (31.1.) 26 (2003) (3/4): 120

chpakovskyi Chnéour, 1956 (Lasiocampa), syn. n. of Lasiocampa trifolii cocles —

Freina & Witt 1983 (30.vi.) 6 (2/3): 96

Christophia subgen. n. of Victrix Staudinger, 1879 (Noctuidae) — Varga & Ronkay

1989 (30.iv.) 12 (1): 69

christenseni sp. n. (Lathronympha) — Aarvik & Karsholt 1993 (30.iv.) 15 (1992) (3/4):

176

christenseni sp. n. (Melasina) — Hattenschwiler 1990 (31.i.) 12 (1989) (4): 258

chrysocephala Hiibner, 1804 (Bombyx), syn. n. of Coscinia cribraria cribraria (Lin-

naeus, 1758) — Freina & Witt 1984 (30.1x.) 7 (3): 231

chrysophaea Walker, 1865 (Orgyia) LT; now: Euproctis — Freina & Witt 1984 (31.xii.)

7 (4): 326

cinderella sp. n. (Depressaria) — Corley 2002 (1.111.) 24 (2001) (4): 29

cinerea Toll, 1953 (Coleophora) syn. n. of Coleophora virgaureae Staudinger, 1857 —

Baldizzone 1981 (30.1x.) 4 (3): 64

cinereipalpana Razowski, 1958 (Cnephasia), syn. n. of Cnephasia stephensiana stoli-

dana (Walker) — Razowski 1989 (31.1.) 11 (1988) (4): 288

citrinaria Gaede, 1930 (Zaranga), syn. n. of Zaranga pannosa Moore, 1884 — Schintl-

meister 1989 (30.x1.) 12 (3): 206

clasperella sp. n. (Sefidia) — Asselbergs 1994 (31.111.) 16 (1993) (3/4): 172

clathrella Toll, 1953 (Coleophora) syn. n. of Coleophora struella Staudinger, 1859 —

Baldizzone 1981 (30.1x.) 4 (3): 64

claudiae Kristal & Hirneisen, sp. n. (Pharmacis) — Kristal et al. 1994 (30.x1.) 17 (1/2):

claviformis Park, 1993 (Hypatima), comb. n.; now: Bagdadia — Sattler 1999 (1.x11.)

22 (4): 238

coelatalis Walker, 1859 (Dosara), comb. n.; now: Achyra — Maes 1987 (31.x.) 10 (3): 177

cognata Moore, 1885 (Hypena), comb. n.; Now: Dichromia — Lödl 1994 (31.111.) 16

(1993) (3/4): 242

composita Sp. n. (Auchmis) — Plante 1986 (31.111.) 9 (1/2): 94

Nota lepid. 31 (1): 79-162 87

compsias Walsingham, 1907, (Scythris), LT; — Passerin d’Entreves 1996 (29.11.) 18

(1995) (2): 157

conankinensis (Stenodes), comb. n.; now: Cochylimorpha — Razowski 2006 (14. viii.)

29 (1/2): 123

conchylidella Snellen, 1884 (Lampros), comb. n.; now: Epicallima — Lvovsky 2003

(16.vi.) 25 (2002) (4): 217

congener Roepke, 1945 (Saronaga), comb. n.; stat. n.; now: ssp. of Tethea consi-

milis — Yoshimoto 1989 (30.x1.) 12 (3): 229

constantella Dumont, 1925 (Scythris), LT; now: Scythris tenuivittella (Stainton,

1867) — Passerin d’Entréves 1996 (29.11.) 18 (1995) (2): 151

constantina sp. n. (Myinodes) — Hausmann 1994 (30.x1.) 17 (1/2): 37

continentalis Tshisitjakov, 1985 (ssp. of fusiformis Matsumura, 1921), syn. n. of

Pheosia rimosa Packard, 1864 — Schintlmeister et al. 1987 (30.v1.) 10 (2): 98

contraria Philpott, 1930 (Gelechia), comb. n.; now: Kiwaia (Kiwaia) — Sattler 1988

(31.1.) 10 (1987) (4): 233

coreana Matsumura, 1922 (Quadricalcarifera), syn. n. of Somera pryeri Leech, 1889 —

Schintlmeister 1989 (30.x1.) 12 (3): 206

coreana Nakatomi, 1977 (ssp. of Dudusa sphingiformis), syn. n. of Dudusa sphingi-

formis Moore, 1877 — Schintlmeister 1989 (30.x1.) 12 (3): 206

corporea Corti, 1932 (Euxoa), bona sp. — Plante 1983 (30.vi.) 6 (2/3): 127

corsa sp. n. (Scythris) — Passerin d’Entreves 1986 (31.x11.) 9 (3/4): 216

corsicola Corti, 1928 (ssp. of Euxoa obelisca), comb. n.; bona sp.; now: Euxoa —

Dufay 1984 (30.v1.) 7 (2): 113

costimaculella sp. n. (Recurvaria) — Huemer & Karsholt 2001 (21.x11.) 24 (3): 42

crassifasciana Joannis, 1920 (Cnephasia), syn. n. of Cnephasia pasiuana (Hiibner,

1796) — Razowski 1989 (31.1.) 11 (1988) (4): 288

crassipuncta Christoph, 1893 (ssp. of Lycaena anteros), LT; stat. n.; now: Aricia

(Ultraaricia) — Nekrutenko 1980 (1.vi.) 3 (1/2): 59

cuencella Rebel, 1901, (Scythris (Butalis)), LT; now: Scythris grandipennis (Haworth,

1828) — Passerin d’Entreves 1996 (29.11.) 18 (1995) (2): 143

cuprariella Lienig & Zeller, 1847, stat. rev. (Coleophora) — Stiibner 2007 (15.v.) 30

(1): 144

curvifascia Rothschild, Hartert & Jordan, 1917 (ssp. of Metanastria diagramma), stat. n.;

syn. n. of Macrothylacia diagramma alphacaria — Freina & Witt 1984 (31.111.) 7 (1): 31

curvicosta Warren, 1915 (Polyploca), comb. n.; now: Takapsestis — Yoshimoto 1990

(31.x11.) 13 (4): 241

cuspidata (Stenodes), comb. n.; now: Cochylimorpha — Razowski 2006 (14.viii.) 29

(1/2): 123

cylindrata sp. n. (Gnorismoneura) — Wang et al. 2004 (28.vi.) 27 (1): 82

cymoptila Meyrick, 1929 (Chelaria), comb. n.; now: Bagdadia — Sattler 1999 (1.xii.)

22 (4): 238

cypriensis sp. n. (Micropterix) — Heath 1985 (31.xii.): 8 (4): 338

cyri Nekrutenko, 1978 (ssp. of Pseudothecla ledereri), comb. n.; now: ssp. of Armenia

hyrcanica — Weidenhoffer & Eckweiler 1988 (31.1.) 10 (1987) (4): 244

88 GAEDIKE: Nota lepidopterologica indices to volumes 1 to 30

Dactyloceratinae subfam. n. (Brahmeidae) — Sauter 1986 (31.x11.) 9 (3/4): 268

daddi Heinrich, 1923 (Lasiocampa), syn. n. of Lasiocampa trifolii trifolii — Freina &

Witt 1983 (30.vi.) 6 (2/3): 95

daedalea sp. n. (Cnephasia) — Razowski 1983 (31.x11.) 6 (4): 236

dagmaris sp. n. (Scrobipalpa) — Povolny 1987 (31.111.) 10 (1): 80

dahurica sp. n. (Metanarsia) — Bidzilya 2005 (7.vi.) 27 (2004) (4): 285

dalmaticola (ssp. of Lycaena idas), nom. n. pro Lycaena ismenias violaceus Rangnow,

1935, nec Lycaena meleager dalmatina Wagner, 1909 — Kocak 1980 (31.v.) 2 (1979)

(4): 141

dama Staudinger, 1892 (Lycaena) LT; now: Polyommatus (Agrodiaetus) — Olivier et

al. 1999 (1.1x.) 22 (3): 202

dammersi Busck, 1934 (Plutella), comb. n.; now: Eudophasia — Kyrki 1990 (31.111.)

13 (1): 35

danieli Wiltshire, 1966 (Scopula), comb. n.; stat. n.; now: ssp. of Scopuloides origalis —

Hausmann 1994 (31.111.) 16 (1993) (3/4): 202

Danilevskia Kuznetsov, 1970 (Tortricidae), syn. n. of Cydia Hübner, 1825 — Razowski

1992 (31.111.) 14 (1991) (4): 320

dantchenkoi Lukhtanov & Wiemers, sp. n. (Agrodiaetus) — Lukhtanov et al. 2003

(30.x.) 26 (1/2): 66

datesis Diakonoff (Phalonidia?), comb. n.; now: Piercea Filipjev, 1940 — Razowski

1992 (31.111.) 14 (1991) (4): 325

datini Mabille, 1888 (ssp. of Bombyx decolorata), syn. n. of Lasiocampa decolorata

decolorata — Freina & Witt 1983 (30.vi.) 6 (2/3): 96

decolorella Zeller, 1839 (Anarsia), comb. n.; now: Stenodes — Sattler 1986 (31.x11.) 9

(3/4): 256

definita Meyrick, 1935 (Phalonia), comb. n.; now: Piercea Filipjev, 1940 — Razowski

1992 (31.111.) 14 (1991) (4): 325

defoliella Constant, 1895 (Talaeporia [sic]), comb. rev.; now: Taleporia—Hattenschwiler

& Scalercio 2003 (30.x.) 26 (1/2): 21

deliana Gaede, 1933 (Pseudofentonia), syn. n. of Formotensha marginalis Matsumura,

1925 — Schintlmeister 1989 (30.xi.) 12 (3): 206

dellabrunai sp. n. (Standfussia) — Hattenschwiler 1985 (31.111.) 8 (1): 25

dentosella Herrich-Schaffer, 1854 (Calotrypis), syn. n. of Epermenia (Calotripis)

insecurella (Stainton, 1849) — Gaedike 1993 (30.iv.) 15 (1992) (3/4): 231

dentosella Stainton, 1851 (Elachista), syn. n. of Epermenia (Calotripis) insecurella

(Stainton, 1849) — Gaedike 1993 (30.1v.) 15 (1992) (3/4): 231

derrai sp. n. (Coleophora) — Baldizzone 1985 (30.1x.): 8 (3): 205

desinens sp. n. (Tomares) — Nekrutenko & Effendi 1980 (1.vi.) 3 (1/2): 69

destituta sp. n. (Aethes) — Razowski 1983 (31.x11.) 6 (4): 242

detruncatum Zagulajev & Blumental, 1994 (Agdistis), syn. n. of Agdistis gerasimovi

Zagulajev & Blumental, 1994 — Ustjuzhanin 2001 (21.x11.) 24 (3): 23

diabolica sp. n. (Melanchra) — Plante 1990 (31.x11.) 13 (4): 215

diacona Lederer, 1858 (Atychia), syn. n. of Brachodes candefactus (Lederer, 1858) —

Kallies 2001 (10.viii.) 24 (1/2): 11

Nota lepid. 31 (1): 79-162 89

Dicanticinta gen. n. (Tortricidae) — Yasuda & Razowski 1991 (30.1x.) 14 (2): 180

diehli Werny, 1966 (ssp. of Tethea consimilis), syn. n. of Tethea consimilis congener

(Roepke, 1945) — Yoshimoto 1989 (30.x1.) 12 (3): 229

digna sp. n. (Eilema (Collina)) — Ignatyev & Witt, 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 39

dimorpha Petry, 1904 (Acompsia), LT; now: Acompsia (Acompsia) — Huemer &

Karsholt 2002 (15.x1.) 25 (2/3): 120

Diploschizia Heppner, 1981 (Glyphipterigidae), syn. n. of Glyphipterix — Kyrki 1990

(31.111.) 13 (1): 37

dirempta Staudinger, 1859 (Agrotis), syn. n. of Agrotis lata Treitschke, 1835 — Zilli

1992 (31.v.) 15 (1): 74

discessa Walker, 1861 (Chlorissa), comb. n.; now: Phaiogramma — Hausmann 1996

24.x1.) 19 (1/2): 53

discopunctana Eversmann, 1844 (Cochylis), LT; now: Cochylimorpha — Nedoshivina

2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 100

disforma sp. n. (Cnephasia) — Razowski 1983 (31.x11.) 6 (4): 237

dissimilis Warren & Rothschild, 1905 (Euchloris), syn. n. of Acidaliastis micra

Hampson, 1896 — Hausmann 1996 (21.x1.) 19 (1/2): 58

dissona Puplesis, 1984 (Astigmella), syn. n. of Stigmella naturnella (Klimesch, 1936) —

Nieukerken et al. 2004 (23.x11.) 27 (2/3): 133

diticinctana Walsingham, 1900 (Tortrix), comb. n.; now: Dicanticinta — Yasuda &

Razowski 1991 (30.1x.) 14 (2): 181

diversicilia Filipjev, 1931 (Platyptilia), syn. n. of Buszkoiana capnodactylus (Zeller,

1841) — Ustjuzhanin 2001 (21.x11.) 24 (3): 25

dividua Philpott, 1921 (Gelechia), comb. n.; now: Kiwaia (Kiwaia) — Sattler 1988

(31.1.) 10 (1987) (4): 233

dombaiensis Alberti, 1969 (ssp. of Lycaena anteros), comb. n.; now: ssp. of Aricia

(Ultraaricia) anteros — Nekrutenko 1980 (1.v1.) 3 (1/2): 58

domogledana sp. n. (Eupithecia) — Vojnits & Szabö 1988 (31.vii.) 11 (2): 160

Dosara Walker, 1859 (Pyralidae), syn. n. of Achyra Guenée, 1849 — Maes 1987 (31.x.)

10 (3): 177

Douzdrina de Laever, 1985, syn. n. of Spodoptera Guenée, 1852 — de Bros 1985

(31.x11.) 8 (4): 385

Douzdrina gen. n. (Noctuidae) — de Laever 1985 (30.vi.) 8 (2): 148

douzina de Laever, 1985, syn. n. of Paradrina clavipalpis — de Bros 1985 (31.xii.) 8

(4): 386

douzina sp. n. (Paradrina) — de Laever 1985 (30.vi.) 8 (2): 146

drahomirae Povolny, 1966 (Scrobipalpa), syn. n. of Scrobipalpa vasconiella (Rôssler,

1877) - Povolny 1987 (31.111.) 10 (1): 82

dubatolovi sp. n. (Stenoptilia) — Ustjuzhanin 2001 (21.xii.) 24 (3): 15

duelduelica Osthelder, 1932 (ssp. of Bryophila tabora), stat. n.; now: Victrix (Rasi-

hia) — Varga & Ronkay 1991 (30.ix.) 14 (2): 164

duercki Zerny, 1935 (Celama), LT; comb. n.; now: Nola duercki duercki — Freina &

Witt 1984 (30.v1.) 7 (2): 138

90 GAEDIKE: Nota lepidopterologica indices to volumes 1 to 30

dujardini sp. n. (Gelechia) — Huemer 1991 (30.1x.) 14 (2): 127

durandi Lucas, 1926 (Orgyia), syn. n. of Euproctis chrysophaea (Walker, 1865) —

Freina & Witt 1984 (31.x11.) 7 (4): 329

dushanbella Lvovsky & Arutjunova, 1992 (Callima), comb. n.; now: Epicallima —

Lvovsky 2003 (16.v1.) 25 (2002) (4): 217

eberti nom. n. pro Melitaea hafız pfeifferi Gross & Ebert, 1975, nec Melitaea didyma

pfeifferi Bryk, 1940 — Kocak 1980 (31.v.) 2 (1979) (4): 141

ebertorum nom. n. pro Agrotis maraschi Draudt, 1933, nec Agrotis terminicincta

maraschi Draudt, 1933 — Kocak 1980 (31.v.) 2 (1979) (4): 144

ecballiella sp. n. (Phtheochroa) — Huemer 1990 (31.1.) 12 (1989) (4): 273

egidijui sp. n. (Acalyptris) — Puplesis 1990 (31.1i1.) 13 (1): 87

eichleri sp. n. (Aethes) — Razowski 1983 (31.x11.) 6 (4): 239

elbursicum sp. n. (Gnorimoschema) — Povolny 1984 (30.ix.) 7 (3): 264

elevatella sp. n. (Cauchas) — Kozlov 1993 (30.x1.) 16 (2): 121

elksourensis sp. n. (Elachista) — Kaila 2005 (12.viil.) 28 (2): 154

elongata Rothschild, 1914 (ssp. of Diacrisia biagi), LT; now: ssp. of Spilosoma biagi —

Thomas 1990 (30.1x.) 13 (2/3): 183

elpidia sp. n. (Aethes) — Razowski 1983 (31.x11.) 6 (4): 239

emargana blackmorei Obraztsov, 1963 (Acleris), syn. n. of Acleris effractana (Hübner,

1799) — Karsholt et al. 2005 (12.viii.) 28 (2): 94

Empista Povolny, 1968 (Gelechiidae), stat. n.; now subgenus of Kiwaia — Sattler 1988

(31.1.) 10 (1987) (4): 234 |

endymion endymion Freyer, 1850 (Papilio), NT; now: Turanana — Coutsis 2005 (7.v1.)

27 (2004) (4): 256

endymionoides ssp. n. (of Turanana taygetica) — Coutsis 2005 (7.vi.) 27 (2004) (4): 269

epischista Meyrick, 1936 (Thermocrates), comb. n.; now: Dryadaula — Robinson 1988

(30.1v.) 11 (LE 75

Episcioptera Hartig, 1936 (Psychidae), syn. n. of Leptapterix Hübner, 1827 — Hätten-

schwiler 1984 (30.vi.) 7 (2): 145

erastrialis Walker, 1866 (Hypena), comb. n.; now: Dichromia — Lödl 1994 (31.111.) 16

(1993) (3/4): 242

eremia sp. n. (Protopterna) — Yasuda & Razowski 1991 (30.1x.) 14 (2): 185

erewani, ssp. n. (of Oligia latruncula) — Fazekas 1984 (30.v1.) 7 (2): 118

erminea Walsingham, 1907 (Scythris), LT; syn. n. of Scythris tessulatella Rebel, 1903

Passerin d’Entréves 1996 (29.11.) 18 (1995) (2): 150

etolia ssp. n. of Ochropleura gracilis — Dufay 1983 (31.111.) 6 (1): 47

etrusca sp. n. (Coleophora) — Baldizzone 1990 (31.x11.) 13 (4): 198

eucalla Li & Zheng, 1998 (Capidentalia), comb. n.; now: Bagdadia — Sattler 1999

(1.x11.) 22 (4): 238

Euclidiana gen. n. (Noctuidae) — Räkosy 1985 (31.x11.): 8 (4): 368

Eucosmodes Kuznetsov, 1973 (Tortricidae), syn. n. of Hendecaneura Walsingham,

1900 — Razowski 1989 (31.1.) 11 (1988) (4): 289

Eumachaeristis Meyrick, 1938 (Plutellidae), syn. n. of Rhigognostis Zeller, 1857 —

Kyrki 1990 (31.111.) 13 (1): 37

Nota lepid. 31 (1): 79-162 0]

eurasiatica sp. n. (Coleophora) — Baldizzone 1989 (30.iv.) 12 (1): 13

eurata Prout, 1913 (Glossostrophia), comb. n.; now: Pseudocinglis — Hausmann 1994

(31.111.) 16 (1993) (3/4): 206

europaea Wehrli, 1934 (ssp. of Ptychopoda camparia), syn. n. of /daea camparia

(Herrich-Schäffer, 1852) — Mentzer 1990 (31.1.) 12 (1989) (4): 301

euryaula Meyrick, 1925 (Coleophora), LT — J.-F. Landry & Baldizzone 1993 (30.x1.)

16 (2): 127

eurybathra Meyrick, 1931 (Gelechia), comb. n.; now: Kiwaia (Kiwaia) — Sattler 1988

(31.1.) 10 (1987) (4): 233

exaridanus Kuznetsov sp. n. (Olethreutes) — Kuznetsov & Mikkola 1991 (31.x11.) 14

(3): 202

externa Eversmann, 1844 (Paedisca), LT; now: Argyroploce — Nedoshivina 2007

(15.v.) 30 (1): 100

externana Eversmann, 1844 (Tortrix), LT; now: Ceratoxanthis — Nedoshivina 2007

(15.v.) 30 (1): 102

fabiani sp. n. (Victrix (Poliobrya)) — Varga & Ronkay 1989 (30.iv.) 12 (1): 78

falciformis Haworth, 1828 (Recurvaria), stat. n.; now: Epermenia — Scholz 1996

(13.v.) 18 (1995) (3/4): 291

falkneri nom. n. pro Psyche quadrangularis albescens Staudinger, 1900, nec Psyche

pyrenaella albescens Oberthiir, 1883 — Koçak 1980 (31.v.) 2 (1979) (4): 143

fallax Staudinger, 1900 (Atychia), LT; now: Brachodes — Kallies 1998 (15.x.) 21 (3):

176

fascinata sp. n. (Takapsestis) — Yoshimoto 1990 (31.x11.) 13 (4): 236

faunieralis sp. n. (Syrianarpia) — Gianti 2005 (7.vi.) 27 (2004) (4): 300

faustinata Millière, 1868 (Nemoria), comb. n.; now: Phaiogramma — Hausmann 1996

(21.x1.) 19 (1/2): 52

ferrealis Hampson, 1900 (Stenia), comb. n.; LT; now: Pyrausta — Maes 2002 (1.111.)

24 (2001) (4): 55

fervida Walker, 1863 (Euproctis), comb. n.; now: Sphrageidus — Maes 1984

(31.111.) 7 (1): 56

fibigerella sp. n. (Euzophera) — Asselbergs 1997 (10.xii.) 20 (3/4): 306

fibigeri sp. n. (Acompsia (Acompsia)) — Huemer & Karsholt 2002 (15.xi.)

25 (2/3): 130

fibigeri sp. n. (Agrochola) — Hacker & Moberg 1989 (30.vi.) 12 (2): 130

fibigeri sp. n. (Bembecia) — Z. Laëtüvka & A. Laëtüvka 1994 (31.iii.) 16 (1993) (3/4):

234

filistigma sp. n. (Hyponephele) — Pagés 2007 (15.xi.) 30 (2): 358

flavifasciaria sp. n. (Clepsis) — Wang et al. 2003 (30.x.) 26 (1/2): 51

formosa Puplesis & Seksjaeva, sp. n. (Bucculatrix) — Puplesis ; Seksaeva & Puplesiene

1992 (31.v.) 15 (1): 42

formosana Frolich, 1830 (Tortrix), auct. rev.; now Lozotaeniodes — Speidel & Aarvik

2002 (1.viti.) 25 (1): 19

92 GAEDIKE: Nota lepidopterologica indices to volumes 1 to 30

freyi Staudinger, 1870 (Elachista), syn. rev. of Elachista juliensis Frey, 1870 — Kaila &

Varalda 2004 (23.x1i.) 27 (2/3): 220

friedrichi Viidalepp & Skou, sp. n. (Xanthorhoe) — Viidalepp & Hausmann 2004

(31.1.) 26 (2003) (3/4): 107

fritschi sp. n. (Phalacropterix) — Hättenschwiler 2003 (30.x.) 26 (1/2): 11

fucata Püngeler, 1909 (Acidalia), comb. n.; now: Scopuloides — Hausmann 1994

(31.111.) 16 (1993) (3/4): 198

fuligana [Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775 (Tortrix), NT; now: Pristerognatha — Aarvik

1986 (31.x11.) 9 (3/4): 156

fulva Turati, 1924 (Agrotis), syn. n. of Agrotis lata Treitschke, 1835 — Zilli 1992 (31.

v.) 15 (1): 74

fulvana Stephens, 1834 (Carpocapsa), LT; sp. rev.; now: Eucosma — Agassiz & Lang-

maid 2004 (28.vi.) 27 (1): 46

funerea Eversmann, 1847 (ab. of striata), comb. n.; stat. n.; now ssp. of Spiris striata —

Freina & Witt 1984 (30.1x.) 7 (3): 229

gaedikei sp. n. (Infurcitinea) — Baldizzone 1984 (30.1x.) 7 (3): 193

galaica Palanca Soler et al. 1982 (Thaumetopoea), comb. n.; syn. n. of Traumatocampa

pityocampa pityocampa ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) — Freina & Witt 1985

(30.v1.) 8 (2): 183

galega Agenjo, [1977] (ssp. of Coscinia cribraria), syn. n. of Coscinia cribraria

cribraria (Linnaeus, 1758) — Freina & Witt 1984 (30.1x.) 7 (3): 232

gallagenellum sp. n. (Caryocolum) — Huemer 1989 (30.iv.) 12 (1): 22

gallica Huemer, 1992 (Teleiodes), syn. n. of Teleiodes italica Huemer, 1992 — Huemer

& Karsholt 2001 (21.xii.) 24 (3): 45

galloi sp. n. (Agrodiaetus) — Baletto & Toso 1979 (17.vi.) 2 (1/2): 14

gerasimovi Lvovsky, 1982 (Borkhausenia), comb. n.; now: Epicallima — Lvovsky

2003 (16.vi.) 25 (2002) (4): 217

gerassimovi Koshantschikov, 1923 (Stygia), LT; syn. n. of Brachodes appendiculata

Esper, 1783 — Yakovlev 2006 (17.11.) 28 (2005) (3/4): 160

gerennae ssp. n. (of Entephria cyanata) — Gyulai 1984 (30.ix.) 7 (3): 251

ghilarovi Solyanikov, 1991 (Fumea), comb. n.; now: Psyche — Sauter & Hättenschwiler

1999 (1.x11.) 22 (4): 265

Gibbosa Omelko, 1988 (Gelechiidae), syn. n. of Stenolechia Meyrick, 1894 — Park

1994 (31.111.) 16 (1993) (3/4): 287

gielisi sp. n. (Coleophora) — Baldizzone 1985 (30.1x.): 8 (3): 206

gil sp. n. (Amata) — Witt et al. 2007 (15.x1.) 30 (2): 368

gilvana Eversmann, 1844 (Tortrix), LT; now: Choristoneura diversana (Hübner,

1817) — Nedoshivina 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 102

giuditta Schawerda, 1934 (Ephesia), syn. n. of Catocala mariana Rambur, 1858 —

Dufay 1985 (30.vi.) 8 (2): 173

glabrata Meyrick, 1922 (Nemotois), syn. n. of Nemotois mollella (Hübner, 1813) —

Kozlov 2004 (31.1.) 26 (2003) (3/4): 123

glareolella sp. n. (Coleophora) — Baldizzone 1989 (30.v1.) 12 (2): 118

soins:

Nota lepid. 31 (1): 79-162 93

glaucoterma Meyrick, 1911 (Gelechia), comb. n.; now: Kiwaia (Kiwaia) — Sattler

1988 (31.1.) 10 (1987) (4): 233

gnomia Ponomarenko, 1995 (Capidentalia), comb. n.; now: Bagdadia — Sattler 1999

(1.x11.) 22 (4): 238

gobica Lvovsky & Piskunov, 1989 (Metanarsia), syn. n. of Metanarsia alphitodes

(Meyrick, 1891) — Bidzilya 2005 (7.1.) 27 (2004) (4): 291

golestanensis sp. n. (Gortyna) — Fibiger & Zahiri 2007 (19.1.) 29 (2006) (3/4): 215

gozmanyi Sp. n. (Episema) — Ronkay & Hacker 1985 (31.111.) 8 (1): 70

gozmanyi sp. n. (Scythris) — Passerin d’Entreves 1986 (31.x11.) 9 (3/4): 217

gracilariella Busck, 1904 (Zelleria), comb. n.; now: Euhyponomeutoides — Kyrki 1990

(31.111.) 13 (1): 35

gracilensis (Stenodes), comb. n.; now: Cochylimorpha — Razowski 2006 (14.vin.) 29

(1/2): 123

gracilis F. Wagner, 1929 (Ochropleura) (ssp. of Agrotis celsicola), bona sp.; now:

Ochropleura — Dufay 1983 (31.111.) 6 (1): 41

gracilis Wagner, 1929 (Ochropleura), LT; — Dufay 1983 (30.v1.) 6 (2/3): 84

gracilis Wagner, 1931 (Amelina), stat. rev.; now: Victrix — Varga & Ronkay 1989 (30.1v.)

12 (1): 76

Graellsia Grote, 1896 (Saturniidae), syn. n. of Actias Leach, 1815 — Nässig 1991 (30.1x.)

14 (2): 136

grammiptera Rambur, 1839 (Agrotis), syn. n. of Chersotis elegans (Eversmann,

1837) — Dufay 1986 (31.111.) 9 (1/2): 51

grandipennis Haworth, 1828 (Porrectaria), LT; now: Scythris — Passerin d’Entreves

1996 (29.11.) 18 (1995) (2): 143

grandiprocessa sp. n. (Gnorismoneura) — Wang et al. 2004 (28.v1.) 27 (1): 81

graphitana Eversmann, 1844 (Tortrix), LT; now: Capricornia boisduvaliana

(Duponchel, 1836) — Nedoshivina 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 104

gredosella sp. n. (Coleophora) — Baldizzone 1985 (30.1x.): 8 (3): 209

grisea Butler, 1885 (Microphalera), comb. n.; now: Ptilodon Hübner, 1822 — Schintl-

meister et al. 1987 (30.v1.) 10 (2): 99

griseanova Rezbanyai-Reser, 1987 (Idaea), syn. n. of [Idaea predotaria Hartig, 1951 —

Raineri 1989 (30.x1.) 12 (3): 187

griseata Warren, 1915 (Polyploca), comb. n.; now: Takapsestis — Yoshimoto 1990

(31.x11.) 13 (4): 239

grisescens Roepke, 1944 (Neogaurena), syn. n. of Palimpsestis semiobsoleta Warren,

1915 — Yoshimoto 1990 (31.x11.) 13 (4): 239

grossi nom. n. pro Melitaea transcaucasica maculata Gross & Ebert, 1975, nec Meli-

taea asteroidea maculata Staudinger, 1901 — Koçak 1980 (31.v.) 2 (1979) (4): 141

grossi sp. n. (Agrotis) — Hacker & Kuhna 1986 (31.x11.) 9 (3/4): 180

grossi sp. n. (Nemapogon) — Gaedike 2007 (19.1.) 29 (2006) (3/4): 163

grunertiana Ratzeburg, 1868 (Tortrix), stat. rev.; now: Cydia — Falck & Karsholt 1993

(30.x1.) 16 (2): 82

gudarica sp. n. (Rheumaptera) — Dufay 1983 (31.iii.) 6 (1): 49

94 GAEDIKE: Nota lepidopterologica indices to volumes 1 to 30

guidoi da Silva Cruz, 1978 (ssp. of Coscinia cribraria), syn. n. of Coscinia cribraria

cribraria (Linnaeus, 1758) — Freina & Witt 1984 (30.1x.) 7 (3): 232

gypsella sp. n. (Coleophora) — Baldizzone 1982 (30.vi.) 5 (2/3): 73

haasi Rebel, 1902 (Borkhausenia), comb. n.; now: Epicallima — Lvovsky 2003 (16.

vi.) 25 (2002) (4): 217

hackeri sp. n. (Victrix (Rasihia)) — Varga & Ronkay 1991 (30.ix.) 14 (2): 168

hagiosana Razowski, 1959 (ssp. of Cnephasia pumicana), syn. n. of Cnephasia

pasiuana (Hübner, 1796) — Razowski 1989 (31.1.) 11 (1988) (4): 288

halmyropis Meyrick, 1926 (Epidola), syn. n. of Metanarsia incertella (Herrich-Schaf-

fer, 1861) — Bidzilya 2005 (7.v1.) 27 (2004) (4): 292

halperini ssp. n. (of Pseudoterpna coronillata) — Hausmann 1996 (21.xi.) 19 (1/2): 16

hampsoni Rothschild, 1914 (Diacrisia), LT; syn. n. of Spilosoma todara Moore,

1872 — Thomas 1990 (30.ix.) 13 (2/3): 181

hannemanni sp. n. (Auchmis) — Plante 1986 (31.111.) 9 (1/2): 93

hartigi sp. n. (Archicnephasia) — Razowski 1983 (31.x11.) 6 (4): 232

heliacalis Zerny, 1914 (Evergestis), LT; syn. n. of Evergestis anartalis (Staudinger,

1892) — Nuss 2005 (7.vi.) 28 (1): 18

Helianthocampa gen. n. (Thaumetopoeidae) — Freina & Witt 1985 (30.v1.) 8 (2): 176

heliochalca Meyrick, 1928 (Nemotois), syn. n. of Nemophora cantharites (Meyrick,

1928) — Kozlov & Robinson 1996 (31.1.) 18 (1995) (1): 53

hellenica sp. n. (Eudarcia (Meessia)) — Gaedike 2007 (19.1.) 29 (2006) (3/4): 165

hepatica Clerck, 1759 (Phalaena), LT; now: Lithophane — Mikkola 1993 (30.xi.) 16

(2): 139

herati sp. n. (Scythris) — Passerin d’Entreves & Roggero 2004 (31.1.) 26 (2003) (3/4):

157

herbuloti Agenjo, 1952 (Sterrha), syn. n. of Idaea minuscularia Ribbe, 1912 — Mentzer

1990 (31.1.) 12 (1989) (4): 298

herminiella sp. n. (Micropterix) — Corley 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 74

herniariae de Joannis, 1908 (Scythris), LT; Now: Scythris ventosella Chrétien, 1907 —

Passerin d’Entreves 1996 (29.11.) 18 (1995) (2): 142

herrenschmidti sp. n. (Eupithecia) — Mentzer & Moberg 1992 (31.11.) 14 (1991) (4):

313

herzi sp. n. (Porrittia) — Ustjuzhanin 2001 (21.xu.) 24 (3): 20

heterospora Meyrick, 1924 (Phthorimaea), comb. n.; now: Kiwaia (Kiwaia) — Sattler

1988 (31.1.) 10 (1987) (4): 233

hiberica sp. n. (Coleophora) — Baldizzone 1985 (30.1x.): 8 (3): 207

himalayalta sp. n. (Leptopterix) — Hättenschwiler 1985 (31.111.) 8 (1): 27

hippeis Meyrick, 1901 (Gelechia), comb. n.; now: Kiwaia (Kiwaia) — Sattler 1988

(31.1.) 10 (1987) (4): 233

hiranoi sp. n. (Epimarptis) — Sugisima 2004 (23.x11.) 27 (2/3): 200

hispanica Marten, 1943 (ssp. of Macrothylacia diagramma), syn. n. of Macrothylacia

diagramma alphacaria — Freina & Witt 1984 (31.111.) 7 (1): 31

Nota lepid. 31 (1): 79-162 95

hispanica Obraztsov, 1950 (Cnephasia), syn. n. of Cnephasia stephensiana stephen-

siana (Doubleday, 1849) — Razowski 1989 (31.1.) 11 (1988) (4): 287

hispanica sp. n. (Synansphecia) — Kallies 1999 (15.vi.) 22 (2): 92

hissarella Noreika, sp. n. (Phyllonorycter) — Noreika & Puplesis 1992 (31.x11.) 15 (2):

144

hissarica Solyanikov, 1993 (Fumea), comb. n.; now: Psyche — Sauter & Hattenschwiler

1999 (1.x11.) 22 (4): 265

hoerburgeri Schawerda, 1924 (Polyploca), comb. n.; now: Achlya — Yoshimoto 1989

(30.vi.) 12 (2): 160

hoerhammeri Wagner, 1931 (Heliophobus), bona sp.; now: Lophoterges — Dufay 1982

(30.vi.) 5 (2/3): 77

holsatica Sauber, 1916 (var. of Nola centonalis), stat. rev.; now: ssp. of Nola aerugula —

Fibiger & Karsholt 1998 (15.x.) 21 (3): 200

honei Meyrick, 1935 (Nemotois), LT; syn. n. of Nemophora decisella (Walker, 1863) —

Kozlov & Robinson 1996 (31.1.) 18 (1995) (1): 45

hospitali Marten, 1948 (ssp. of Coscinia striata), LT; syn. n. of Spiris striata striata

(Linnaeus, 1758) — Freina & Witt 1984 (30.1x.) 7 (3): 227

huebneri nom. n. pro Papilio narica Charpentier, 1818, nec Fabricius 1793 — Kocak

1980 (31.v.) 2 (1979) (4): 140

huemeri sp. n. (Micropterix) — Kurz et al. 2004 (31.1.) 26 (2003) (3/4): 112

huemeri sp. n. (Oegoconia) — Sutter 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 192

humiliella Herrich-Schäffer, 1855 (Bucculatrix), LT — Mey 1999 (1.ix.) 22 (3): 218

hyalina Solyanikov, 1993 (Fumea), comb. n.; now: Megalophanes — Sauter & Hätten-

schwiler 1999 (1.x11.) 22 (4): 266

hyalinella Caradja, 1920 (Scythris), LT; — Passerin d’Entréves 1996 (29.11.) 18 (1995)

(2): 142

hydrargyrana Eversmann, 1844 (Tortrix), LT; now: Eugnosta — Nedoshivina 2007

(15.v.) 30 (1): 104

hypsoides Rothschild, 1914 (Diacrisia), LT; now: Spilosoma — Thomas 1990 (30.ix.)

13 (2/3): 183

hyrcanica Riley, 1939 (ssp. of Strymon ledereri), stat. rev.; comb. n.; now: Armenia —

Weidenhoffer & Eckweiler 1988 (31.1.) 10 (1987) (4): 243

hyrcanica sp. n. (Pasiphila) — Viidalepp & Mironov 2006 (17.11.) 28 (2005) (3/4): 198

ialbum Esper, 1789 (Papilio), sp. rev.; now: Polygonia ialbum — Kogak 1980 (31.v.) 2

(1979) (4): 140

tana Sp. n. (Conistra) — Zilli & Grassi 2006 (14.viii.) 29 (1/2): 102

iberica sp. n. (Ceratoxanthis) — Baixeras 1992 (31.111.) 14 (1991) (4): 294

ignorata Sp. n. (Scotopteryx) — Huemer & Hausmann 1998 (1.xii.) 21 (4): 242

illigerella Hübner, 1813 (Calotripis), NT; now: Epermenia — Scholz 1996 (13.v.) 18

(1995) (3/4): 290

illigerellus Stainton, 1849 (Elachista), syn. n. of Epermenia (Calotripis) insecurella

(Stainton, 1849) — Gaedike 1993 (30.iv.) 15 (1992) (3/4): 231

96 GAEDIKE: Nota lepidopterologica indices to volumes 1 to 30

Ilseopsis Povolny, 1965 (Gelechiidae), syn. n. of Scrobipalpa — Sattler 1988 (31.1.) 10

(1987) (4): 225

imbutella Christoph, 1888 (Depressaria), comb. n.; now: Orophia — Lvovsky 2003

(16.vi.) 25 (2002) (4): 219

imerina Griveaud, 1977, comb. n.; now: Sphrageidus — Maes 1984 (31.111.) 7 (1): 56

imitatella Herrich-Schäffer, 1855 (Bucculatrix), syn. n. of Bucculatrix cristatella

Zeller, 1839 — Mey 1999 (1.1x.) 22 (3): 216

immundana Eversmann, 1844 (Grapholitha [sic!]), LT; now: Epibactra — Nedoshivina

2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 106

imperialis Rebel, 1900 (Adela), syn. n. of Nemophora decisella (Walker, 1863) —

Kozlov & Robinson 1996 (31.1.) 18 (1995) (1): 43

impunctella Amsel, 1940 (f. of Apatema fasciata), LT; stat. rev.; now: Apatema

impunctella — Sutter 2006 (17.11.) 28 (2005) (3/4): 232

incerta Sp. n. (Parornix) — Triberti 1982 (31.11.) 5 (1): 41

inclusella Lederer, 1855 (Butalis), LT; now: Scythris — Passerin d’Entreves 1996

(29.11.) 18 (1995) (2): 146

incommoda Butler, 1882, comb. n.; now: Sphrageidus — Maes 1984 (31.111.) 7 (1): 56

infantula Kitt, 1926 (ssp. of Nola subchlamydula), LT; syn. n. of Nola subchlamy-

dula subchlamydula Staudinger, 1870 — Freina & Witt 1984 (30.v1.) 7 (2): 134

infraclara Verity, 1953 (ssp. of Erebia pandrose), syn.n. of Erebia pandrose marmolata

Dannehl, 1927 — Cupedo 2007 (15.x1.) 30 (2): 346

infracta Braun, 1926 (Epermenia), syn. n.; now: Epermenia strictella (Wocke, 1867) —

Gaedike 1993 (30.x1.) 16 (2): 98

infumata Staudinger, 1887, syn. n. of Furcula bicuspis (Borkhausen, 1790) — Schintl-

meister et al. 1987 (30.vı.) 10 (2): 97

ingana Fruhstorfer, 1911 (ssp. of Erebia pandrose), syn.n. of Erebia pandrose pandrose

(Borkhausen, 1788) — Cupedo 2007 (15.x1.) 30 (2): 343

ingeborgae Traugott-Olsen, 1994 (Biselachista), syn. n. of Elachista juliensis Frey,

1870 — Kaila & Varalda 2004 (23.x11.) 27 (2/3): 220

iniquellus Wocke, 1867 (Chauliodus), stat. n.; now: Epermenia (Cataplectica) —

Gaedike 1993 (30.1v.) 15 (1992) (3/4): 231

insequana Eversmann, 1844 (Tortrix), LT; now: Eugnosta parreyssiana (Duponchel,

1843) — Nedoshivina 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 107

inspersa Staudinger, 1879 (var. of Bombyx rimicola) stat. rev.; now: Eriogaster

inspersa — Zolotuhin, 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 46

insulariella sp. n. (Nemophora) — Kozlov 1997 (1.v1.) 20 (1/2): 32

insulella Staudinger, 1859 (Butalis), LT; now: Scythris — Passerin d’Entreves 1996

(29.11.) 18 (1995) (2): 156

interpositella Strand, 1922 (Eilema), syn. n. of Eilema uniola (Rambur, 1866) —

Freina & Witt 1984 (31.x11.) 7 (4): 334 — According Toulgoët (1985 (30.v1.): 8 (2):

189-199) ıs interpositella a bona sp.

interrupta Walsingham, 1881 (Plutella), comb. n.; now: Rhigognostis — Kyrki 1990

(iyi) 4360): %5

irakella Amsel, 1949 (Bagdadia) LT; — Sattler 1999 (1.x11.) 22 (4): 238

Nota lepid. 31 (1): 79-162 97

irana sp. n. (Kalliesia) — Sobczyk 2004 (28.v1.) 27 (1): 22

iranica sp. n. (Agdistis) — Alipanah & Ustjuzhanin 2007 (19.1.) 29 (2006) (3/4): 178

iranicola nom. n. pro Agrotis forcipula hyrcana Draudt, 1933, nec Agrotis grisescens

hyrcana Staudinger, 1900 — Koçak 1980 (31.v.) 2 (1979) (4): 144

iranicola nom. n. pro Plebeius pylaon iranica Forster, 1939, nec Plebeius eurypilus

iranica Forster, 1838 — Koçak 1980 (31.v.) 2 (1979) (4): 141

irmella N. Palm, 1947 (Lithocolletis), syn.n. of Phyllonorycter lautella (Zeller,

1846) — Nieukerken et al. 2002 (1.111.) 24 (2001) (4): 18

irrorata Diakonoff, 1951 (ssp. of Nemophora bifasciella), syn. n. of Nemophora

decisella (Walker, 1863) — Kozlov & Robinson 1996 (31.1.) 18 (1995) (1): 43

isosema Meyrick, 1921 (Chelaria), comb. n.; now: Bagdadia — Sattler 1999 (1.x11.) 22

(4): 238

italohelveticus sp. n. (Gnophos) — Rezbanyai-Reser 1986 (31.111.) 9 (1/2): 102

Jacularia Hübner, 1813 (Geometra), NT; now: Rhodostrophia — Sihvonen & Nupponen

2005 (12.vili.) 28 (2): 116

Jaeckhi sp. n. (Metriotes) — Baldizzone 1985 (30.1x.): 8 (3): 204

Janhillmanni sp. n. (Agrochola) — Hacker & Moberg 1989 (30.vi.) 12 (2): 128

Japonensis Rothschild, 1914 (ssp. of Diacrisia rhodophila), LT; now: Lemyra inae-

qualis (Butler, 1879) — Thomas 1990 (30.1x.) 13 (2/3): 179

Japonica Draudt, 1935 (f. of Panolis flammea), stat. n.; now: Panolis — Kononenko &

Mikkola 1989 (30.iv.) 12 (1): 30

Japonica Oku, 1979 (15.x11.), syn. n. of Peridaedalia optabilana (Kuznetsov, 1979 (13.

vill.)) — Razowski 1989 (31.1.) 11 (1988) (4): 289

Johanssoni sp. n. (Cydia) — Aarvik & Karsholt 1993 (30.iv.) 15 (1992) (3/4): 165

Jugicola Wocke, 1877 (Bucculatrix), LT; syn. n. of Bucculatrix cristatella Zeller,

1839 — Mey 1999 (1.1x.) 22 (3): 216

Jugicolella Zerny, 1936 (Scythris), LT; now: Scythris ventosella Chrétien, 1907 —

Passerin d’Entreves 1996 (29.11.) 18 (1995) (2): 142

Jugurthina Grünberg, 1911, syn. n. of Lasiocampa trifolii cocles — Freina & Witt 1983

(30.vi.) 6 (2/3): 96

Juliana ssp. n. (of Erebia flavofasciata) — Cupedo 2000 (1.vii.) 23 (2): 181

Junctivittella Christoph, 1885 (Metanarsia), LT; — Bidzilya 2005 (7.1.) 27 (2004) (4):

290

Juryi Puplesis, 1991 (Stigmella), syn. n. of Stigmella paradoxa (Frey, 1858) —

Nieukerken et al. 2004 (23.x11.) 27 (2/3): 140

Jynxella sp. n. (Coleophora) — Baldizzone 1987 (31.iii.) 10 (1): 29

kagizmanensis nom. n. pro Lycaena osiris Bang-Haas, 1927, nec Lycaena osiris

Hopffer, 1855 — Kocak 1980 (31.v.) 2 (1979) (4): 142

Kalliesia gen. n. (Psychidae) — Sobczyk 2004 (28.vi.) 27 (1): 20

kanishka sp. n. (Pseudochazara) — Aussem 1980 (1.vi.) 3 (1/2): 8

karategina Stshetkin, 1980, syn. n. of Pheosia jullieni Oberthür, 1911 — Schintlmeister

et al. 1987 (30.vi.) 10 (2): 98

98 GAEDIKE: Nota lepidopterologica indices to volumes 1 to 30

karatyshica sp. n. (Dahlica) — Rutjan 2000 (1.iv.) 23 (1): 27

karelica Tengström, 1875 (var. of Penthina postremana), stat. n.; comb. n.; now:

Selenodes karelica — Aarvik 1986 (31.x11.) 9 (3/4): 156

karsholti sp. n. (Dyscia (subg. ?/berafrina) — Wiltshire 1991 (31.v.) 14 (1): 91

karsholti sp. n. (Micronoctua) — Fibiger 1997 (1.v1.) 20 (1/2): 28

karsholti sp. n. (Sciopetris) — Hattenschwiler 1996 (21.x1.) 19 (1/2): 108

kazachstaniella sp. n. (Prorophora (Prorophora)) — Asselbergs 2004 (28.vi.) 27 (1):

kikiae Wiltshire, 1982 (Rhodometra), comb. n.; now: Casilda — Hausmann 1993 (31.

vu.) 16 (1): 32

kirghisica Viidalepp, 1988 (Scopula), syn. n. of Scopuloides fucata (Püngeler, 1909) —

Hausmann 1994 (31.111.) 16 (1993) (3/4): 198

klimeschi sp. n. (Acrolita) — Diakonoff 1985 (31.x11.): 8 (4): 302

klimeschi sp. n. (Tinagma) — Gaedike 1987 (31.x.) 10 (3): 158

klimeschi Traugott-Olsen, 1994 (Biselachista), syn. rev. of Elachista juliensis Frey,

1870 — Kaila & Varalda 2004 (23.x11.) 27 (2/3): 220

kohistana sp. n. (Arctornis) — Freina 1987 (30.vi.) 10 (2): 119

kononenkoi Kuznetsov sp. n. (Olethreutes) — Kuznetsov & Mikkola 1991 (31.xii.) 14

(3): 204

korbi Caradja, 1921 (Pterophorus), LT; comb. n.; bona sp.; now: Leioptilus — Gibeaux

1988 (31.x.) 11 (3): 187 |

korbi Grünberg, 1911 (Macrothylacia), stat. n.; syn. n. of Macrothylacia diagramma

alphacaria — Freina & Witt 1984 (31.11.) 7 (1): 31

koreana sp. n. (Coleophora) — Baldizzone 1989 (30.iv.) 12 (1): 16

kosterini sp. n. (Stenoptilia) — Ustjuzhanin 2001 (21.x11.) 24 (3): 12

kostjuki Sinev, 2001 (Scythris), syn. n. of Scythris immaculatella (Chambers, 1875) —

Passerin d’Entreves & Roggero 2004 (31.1.) 26 (2003) (3/4): 159

kruegeri Turati, 1911 (Nola), syn. n. of Nola subchlamydula subchlamydula Staudin-

ger, 1870 — Freina & Witt 1984 (30.vi.) 7 (2): 134

kudrnai nom. n. pro Lycaena orbitulus rebeli Tuleschkow, 1932, nec Lycaena alcon

rebeli Hirschke, 1904 — Kocak 1980 (31.v.) 2 (1979) (4): 142

kuldzhella Lvovsky, 1982 (Callima), comb. n.; now: Epicallima — Lvovsky 2003 (16.

vi.) 25 (2002) (4): 217

kumatai Povolny, 1976 (Empista), comb. n.; now: Kiwaia (Empista) — Sattler 1988

(31.1.) 10 (1987) (4): 234

kurentsovi Filipjev, 1962 (Cnephasia), syn. n. of Cnephasia stephensiana stolidana

(Walker) — Razowski 1989 (31.1.) 11 (1988) (4): 288

kurentzovi nom. n. pro Lycaena argus orientalis Kurentzov, 1970, nec Lycaena amanda

orientalis Staudinger, 1901 — Kocak 1980 (31.v.) 2 (1979) (4): 142

kuwayamae Matsumura, 1919, stat. n.; now: ssp. of Ptilodon capucina (Linnaeus,

1758) — Schintlmeister et al. 1987 (30.v1.) 10 (2): 97

kuznetsovi nom. n. for Croesia bicolor Kuznetsov, 1964, nec Acleris bicolor Kawabe,

1963; now: Acleris — Razowski 1989 (31.1.) 11 (1988) (4): 285

Nota lepid. 31 (1): 79-162 99

ladislai Oberthür, 1880 (Lophopteryx), comb. n.; now: Prilodon — Schintlmeister et al.

1987 (30.vi.) 10 (2): 99

laetornata sp. n. (Clepsis) — Wang et al. 2003 (30.x.) 26 (1/2): 50

lafauryi sp. n. (Scythris) — Passerin d’Entreves 1986 (31.x11.) 9 (3/4): 219

lakoniensis sp. n. (Micropterix) — Heath 1985 (31.x11.): 8 (4): 336

lambessanus Staudinger, 1901 (var. of Satyrus abdelkader), stat. n.; now Berberia —

Tennent 1994 (31.111.) 16 (1993) (3/4): 310

lamii Schadewald, 1992 (Phlogophora), syn. n. of Phlogophora meticulosa (Linnaeus,

1758) — Fibiger 1993 (31.vii.) 16 (1): 18

landryi sp. n. (Scythris) — Passerin d’Entreves & Roggero 2004 (31.1.) 26 (2003) (3/4):

156

lanigera Butler, 1877 (Cerura), syn.n. of Cerura sangaica Moore, 1877 —-Schintimeister

1989 (30.x1.) 12 (3): 206

lanjeronica ssp. n. (of Eucrostes indigenata) — Hausmann 1996 (21.x1.) 19 (1/2): 43

lapikella sp. n. (Nemophora) — Kozlov 1997a (1.vi.) 20 (1/2): 40

lapillosa Meyrick, 1924 (Gelechia), comb. n.; now: Kiwaia (Kiwaia) — Sattler 1988

(31.1.) 10 (1987) (4): 233

larseni sp. n. (Phtheochroa) — Huemer 1990 (31.1.) 12 (1989) (4): 278

lata Treitschke, 1835, (Agrotis), bona sp.; stat. rev.; LT; — Zilli 1992 (31.v.) 15 (1):

laurinata Schawerda, 1919 (Horisme), syn. n. of Horisme radicaria de la Harpe,

1855 — Rezbanyai-Reser 1984 (31.x11.) 7 (4): 350

lemuria Hering, 1926, comb. n.; now: Sphrageidus — Maes 1984 (31.111.) 7 (1): 56

lenis Philpott, 1929 (Gelechia), comb. n.; now: Kiwaia (Kiwaia) — Sattler 1988 (31.1.)

10 (1987) (4): 233

leucanthemella Constant, 1895 (Bucculatrix), syn. n. of Bucculatrix alpina Frey,

1870 — Mey 1999 (1.1x.) 22 (3): 214

leucobela Meyrick, 1934 (Enscepastra), comb. n.; now: Coleophora — Baldizzone

1981 (31.111.) 4 (1/2): 11

leucocyanea Zukowsky, 1929 (Synanthedon), comb. n.; now: Adixoa — Kallies 2007

(15.x1.) 30 (2): 392

leucogaster Mann, 1872 (Butalis), LT; now: Scythris tenuivittella (Stainton, 1867) —

Passerin d’Entreves 1996 (29.11.) 18 (1995) (2): 151

lichyi Carbonell & Brevignon, 1983 (ssp. of Archon apollinus), syn. n. of Archon

apollinus apollinus (Herbst, 1798) — Freina 1985 (30.vi.) 8 (2): 127

limbopunctata Strand, 1915 (Hypena), comb. n.; now: Dichromia — Lödl 1994 (31.111.)

16 (1993) (3/4): 243

linella Piskunov, 1975 (Scrobipalpa), syn. n. of Scrobipalpa clintoni Povolny, 1968 —

Povolny 1982 (30.vi.) 5 (2/3): 125

linophagana Rebel, 1939 (Cnephasia), syn. n. of Cnephasia pasiuana (Hübner,

1796) — Razowski 1989 (31.1.) 11 (1988) (4): 288

liriophorella sp. n. (Coleophora) — Baldizzone 1982 (30.vi.) 5 (2/3): 60

lithodes Meyrick, 1885 (Gelechia), comb. n.; now: Kiwaia (Kiwaia) — Sattler 1988

(31.1.) 10 (1987) (4): 233

100 GAEDIKE: Nota lepidopterologica indices to volumes 1 to 30

lithoxys ssp. n. (of Victrix karsiana) — Varga & Ronkay 1989 (30.iv.) 12 (1): 74

longiductella sp. n. (Coleophora) — Baldizzone 1989 (30.vi.) 12 (2): 109

longulana Eversmann, 1844 (Teras), LT; now: Acleris lacordairana (Duponchel,

1836) — Nedoshivina 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 108

lucasi sp. n. (Stenoptilia) — Arenberger 1990 (30.ix.) 13 (2/3): 101

lucidaria Swinhoe, 1904 (Pseudosterrha), comb. n.; now: Casilda — Hausmann 1993

(31.vii.) 16 (1): 32

luridata Hufnagel, 1767 (Phalaena), NT; now: Scotopteryx — Huemer & Hausmann

1998 (1.x11.) 21 (4): 260

lusitanica Marten, 1943 (ssp. of Macrothylacia diagramma), syn. n. of Macrothylacia

diagramma alphacaria — Freina & Witt 1984 (31.111.) 7 (1): 31

lutzernovi Chnéour, 1956 (Lasiocampa), syn. n. of Lasiocampa trifolii cocles — Freina

& Witt 1983 (30.v1.) 6 (2/3): 96

lycurgus Fabricius, 1793 (Papilio), sp. rev.; now: Charaxes lycurgus — Koçak 1980

(31.v.) 2 (1979) (4): 140

machinella Bradley, 1971 (Coleophora), syn. n. of Coleophora gardesanella Toll,

1953 — Baldizzone 1981 (30.1x.) 4 (3): 64

mactana Rebel, 1894 (Pandemis), syn. n. of Choristoneura simonyi (Rebel, 1892) —

Razowski 1979 (17.vi.) 2 (1/2): 57

maculosella Stainton, 1851 (Gelechia), LT; now: Acompsia (Acompsia) — Huemer &

Karsholt 2002 (15.x1.) 25 (2/3): 119

maghrebina sp. n. (Coleophora) — Baldizzone 1982 (30.vi.) 5 (2/3): 68

magna Sp. n. (Reisseronia) — Hattenschwiler 1982 (31.111.) 5 (1): 25

magyarica sp. n. (Coleophora) — Baldizzone 1983 (30.vi.) 6 (2/3): 69

magyarus sp. n. (Tosirips) — Razowski 1987 (31.111.) 10 (1): 91

maltensis ssp. n. (of Xylena exsoleta) — Fibiger et al. 2007 (19.1.) 29 (2006) (3/4): 202

mandarinca sp. n. (Eupithecia) — Mironov 2001 (10.viu.) 24 (1/2): 27

marcida Mann, 1859 (Lithosia), syn. n. of Eilema pygmaeola sordidula (Rambur,

1858) — Freina & Witt 1984 (31.x11.) 7 (4): 333

marcosae Agenjo, [1977] (ssp. of Coscinia cribraria), syn. n. of Coscinia cribraria

cribraria (Linnaeus, 1758) — Freina & Witt 1984 (30.1x.) 7 (3): 232

Mardinia Amsel, 1952, syn. n. of Pyrausta Schrank, 1802 — Maes 2002 (1.111.) 24

(2001) (4): 54

mariannae sp. n. (Ethmia) — Karsholt & Kun 2003 (16.vi.) 25 (2002) (4): 208

marmorella sp. n. (Dahlica) — Herrmann 1988 (31.1.) 10 (1987) (4): 204

maroccana Marten, 1943 (ssp. of Macrothylacia diagramma), syn. n. of Macrothylacia

diagramma diagramma — Freina & Witt 1984 (3 1.111.) 7 (1): 27

maroccana sp. n. (Synansphecia) — Kallies 1999 (15.vi.) 22 (2): 90

marteni Chnéour, 1935 (ab . of Satyrus abdelkader), syn. n. of Berberia abdelkader

nelvai Seitz, 1911 — Tennent 1994 (31.111.) 16 (1993) (3/4): 305

massalis Walker, 1859 (Dosara), comb. n.; now: Achyra — Maes 1987 (31.x.) 10 (3):

177

Nota lepid. 31 (1): 79-162 101

matermea Povolny, 1974 (Empista (Zeempista)), comb. n.; now: Kiwaia (Kiwaia) —

Sattler 1988 (31.1.) 10 (1987) (4): 233

mauritanica Staudinger, 1891 (Lasiocampa), syn. n. of Lasiocampa trifolii cocles —

Freina & Witt 1983 (30.v1.) 6 (2/3): 96

mayrella Hübner, 1813 (Tinea), NT; now: Coleophora — Stübner 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1):

152

mediae sp. n. (Coleophora) — Baldizzone 1990 (30.1x.) 13 (2/3): 109

mediterranea sp. n. (Coleophora) — Baldizzone 1990 (31.x11.) 13 (4): 201

mediterranea sp. n. (Gelechia) — Huemer 1991 (30.ix.) 14 (2): 125

megalatlasica Tarrier, 1996 (ssp. of Melanargia occitanica), syn. n. of Melanargia

occitanica pelagia Oberthür, 1911 — Tennent 1999 (1.111.) 22 (1): 52

megerlella Hübner, 1810 (Tinea), sp. rev.; now: Adela — Kozlov & Kaila 2002 (1.111.)

24 (2001) (4): 5

melli Zukowsky, 1929 (Aegeria), comb. n.; now: Glossosphecia — Kallies 2007 (15.

x1.) 30 (2): 388

mellitta Meyrick, 1934 (Phalonia), comb. n.; now: Piercea Filipjev, 1940 — Razowski

1992 (31.111.) 14 (1991) (4): 325

mendesi sp. n. (Agonopterix) — Corley 2002 (1.111.) 24 (2001) (4): 26

meridionalis Tutt, 1901 (Lasiocampa), syn. n. of Lasiocampa quercus quercus — Freina

& Witt 1983 (30.vi.) 6 (2/3): 93

mesomelaena Hampson, 1902 (Hypena), comb. n.; now: Dichromia —

Lödl 1994 (31.111.) 16 (1993) (3/4): 243

messmeri Schadewald, 1992 (Autographa), syn. n. of Autographa gamma (Linnaeus,

1758) — Fibiger 1993 (31.vii.) 16 (1): 18

metallicella Fuchs, 1903 (Coleophora), NT; syn. n. of Coleophora cuprariella Lienig

& Zeller, 1847 — Stübner 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 144

meteorica Sp. n. (Scrobipalpa) — Povolny 1984 (30.1x.) 7 (3): 268

micrasiatica ssp. n. (of Turanana taygetica) — Courtsis 2006 (14.viu.) 29 (1/2): 18

Microbaena gen. n. (Geometridae) — Hausmann 1996 (21.x1.) 19 (1/2): 21

Microloxiini tribus n. (Geometridae) — Hausmann 1996 (21.x1.) 19 (1/2): 56

Micronoctua gen. n. (Noctuidae) — Fibiger 1997 (1.vi.) 20 (1/2): 24

miguelensis Le Cerf, 1935 (ssp. of Satyrus azorinus), comb. n.; stat. n.; now: Hippar-

chia (azorina) — Olivier & Coutsis 1997 (10.x11.) 20 (3/4): 176

mikkolai sp. n. (Cauchas) — Kozlov 1993 (30.xi.) 16 (2): 114

Mimcochylis gen. n. (Tortricidae) — Razowski 1985 (31.111.) 8 (1): 61

minimella sp. n. (Mirificarma) — Huemer & Karsholt 2001 (21.xii.) 24 (3): 48

minimella sp. n. (Myeloiodes) — Asselbergs 2004 (28.vi.) 27 (1): 53

minor Alhéraky, 1892 (var. of Eusarca jacularia), syn. n. of Rhodostrophia jacularia

(Hübner, 1813) — Sihvonen & Nupponen 2005 (12.viii.)

28 (2): 114

minor SSp. n. (of Microbaena pulchra) — Hausmann 1996 (21.xi.) 19 (1/2): 23

minorella Rebel, 1899 (Brachycrossata), LT; now: Acompsia (Acompsia) — Huemer &

Karsholt 2002 (15.x1.) 25 (2/3): 124

102 GAEDIKE: Nota lepidopterologica indices to volumes 1 to 30

minuscularia Ribbe, 1912 (ssp. of Acidalia virgularia), comb. n.; stat. n.; now:

Idaea — Mentzer 1990 (31.1.) 12 (1989) (4): 298

minuta Sp. n. (Dryadaula) — Gaedike 2007 (19.1.) 29 (2006) (3/4): 160

minuta Walsingham, 1900 (Capua), comb. n.; now: Minutargyrotoza — Yasuda &

Razowski 1991 (30.1x.) 14 (2): 189

Minutargyrotoza gen. n. (Tortricidae) — Yasuda & Razowski 1991 (30.ix.) 14 (2):

188

mirana Kuznetsov, 1981 (Aphiaris), syn. n. of Ukamenia sapporensis (Matsumura,

1931) — Razowski 1989 (31.1.) 11 (1988) (4): 288

miranda Oberthür, 1894 (Chelonia), comb. n.; now: ssp. of Spiris striata — Freina &

Witt 1984 (30.1x.) 7 (3): 229

mirzaellus nom. n. pro Lycaena mirza Plôtz, 1880, nec mirza Staudinger — Koçak

1980 (31.v.) 2 (1979) (4): 141

modesta Staudinger, 1871 (Metanarsia), LT; — Bidzilya 2005 (7.1.) 27 (2004) (4): 280

mongolensis nom. n. pro Lycaena damon mongolica Kurentzov, 1970, nec Lycaena

argus mongolica Rühl, 1893 — Kocak 1980 (31.v.) 2 (1979) (4): 143

moni sp. n. (Melittia) — de Freina 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 52

monophragma Meyrick, 1885 (Gelechia), comb. n.; now: Kiwaia (Kiwaia) — Sattler

1988 (31.1.) 10 (1987) (4): 233

monotona Amsel, 1953 (Thyridopsis), comb. n.; now: Epimetasia — Nuss et al. 2006

(14. vin.) 29 (1/2): 41

monotonica Kuznetsov sp. n. (Gypsonoma) — Kuznetsov & Mikkola 1991 31. xu.) 14

(5): 211

montana Bergmann, 1953, syn. n. of Lasiocampa quercus quercus, f. alpina — Freina

& Witt 1983 (30.vi.) 6 (2/3): 93

monticola Moriuti, 1982 (Phaulernis), syn. n. of Phaulernis fulviguttella (Zeller,

1939) — Gaedike 1993 (30.x1.) 16 (2): 92

mosaica Sp. n. (Altipolia) — Plante 1985 (31.x11.): 8 (4): 364

Moureia Orfila & Rossi, 1956 (Noctuidae), stat. n.; now subgenus of Victrix Staudinger,

1879 — Varga & Ronkay 1989 (30.iv.) 12 (1): 69

moyaerü Ebert, 1971 (Ochrostigma), comb. n.; now: Drymonia — Schintlmeister et al.

1987 (30.v1.) 10 (2): 98

mucronata Scopoli, 1763 (Phalaena), NT; now: Scotopteryx — Huemer & Hausmann

1998 (1.x11.) 21 (4): 255

muralis sp. n. (Acanthopsyche) — Hättenschwiler 2004 (28.vi.) 27 (1): 72

mutilata Strand, 1909 (Hypena), comb. n.; now: Dichromia — Lödl 1994 (31.111.) 16

(1993) (3/4): 242

Myeloiodes gen. n. (Pyralidae) — Asselbergs 2004 (28.v1.) 27 (1): 51

nadezhdae Lvovsky, 1985 (Promalactis), comb. n.; now: Epicallima — Lvovsky 2003

(16.vi.) 25 (2002) (4): 217

nanosella sp. n. (Postsolenobia) — Petru & Liska 2003 (30.x.) 26 (1/2): 3

narymica ssp. n. (Erebia pandrose) — Cupedo 2007 (15.x1.) 30 (2): 343

Nota lepid. 31 (1): 79-162 103

neapolitana Stauder, 1921 (f. of Satyrus semele), LT; now: Hipparchia senthes —

Olivier & Coutsis 1997 (10.x11.) 20 (3/4): 204

nedae sp. n. (Infurcitinea) — Baldizzone 1983 (31.111.) 6 (1): 17

neglecta Philpott, 1924 (Gelechia), comb. n.; now: Kiwaia (Kiwaia) — Sattler 1988

(31.1.) 10 (1987) (4): 233

neglectus sp. n. (Brachodes) — Kallies 1998 (15.x.) 21 (3): 184

Neogaurena Roepke, 1944 (Noctuidae), syn. n. of Takapsestis Matsumura, 1933 —

Yoshimoto 1990 (31.x11.) 13 (4): 239

Neostauropus Kiriakoff, 1967, syn. n. of Stauropus Germar, 1812 — Schintlmeister

et al. 1987 (30.vi.) 10 (2): 97

neriaria Herrich-Schäffer, 1852 (Geometra (Phorodesma)), comb. n.; now: Proteu-

chloris — Hausmann 1996 (21.x1.) 19 (1/2): 25

nesiotica sp. n. (Cnephasia) — Razowski 1983 (31.x11.) 6 (4): 235

nevadella sp. n. (Coleophora) — Baldizzone 1985 (30.1x.): 8 (3): 211

nielseni sp. n. (Scythris) — Passerin d’Entreves & Roggero 2004 (31.1.) 26 (2003)

(3/4): 158

nigromaculata ssp. n. (of Pseudocinglis benigna) — Hausmann 1994 (31.111.) 16 (1993)

(3/4): 209

nigroramosa Christoph, 1893, comb. n.; now: ssp. of Paradrymonia vittata (Staudinger,

1892) — Schintlmeister et al. 1987 (30.vi.) 10 (2): 98

nippei de Freina, 1988 (Eriogaster), syn. n. of Eriogaster inspersa Staudinger, 1879 —

Zolotuhin 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 46

nivella sp. n. (Merrifieldia) — Ustjuzhanin 2001 (21.xii.) 24 (3): 22

obfuscata Nakamura, 1978 (ssp. of Phalera birmicola), syn. n. of Phalera grotei

Moore, 1859 — Schintlmeister 1989 (30.x1.) 12 (3): 206

obliquella Stainton, 1854 (Elachista), NT — Kozlov & Kaila 2002 (1.111.) 24 (2001) (4): 7

obscurella Klemensiewicz, 1899 (var. of Bucculatrix fatigatella), syn. n. of Bucculatrix

humiliella Herrich-Schaffer, 1855 — Mey 1999 (1.ix.) 22 (3): 218

obscuriolas Betti, 1977 (ssp. of Jolana iolas), syn. n. of lolana iolas iolas — Fazekas

1984 (31.111.) 7 (1): 22

occidentalis Bivar de Sousa, 1982 (ssp. of Hipparchia (Parahipparchia) azorina),

syn. n.; comb. n.; stat. n.; now: ssp. of Hipparchia (azorina) azorina — Olivier &

Coutsis 1997 (10.x11.) 20 (3/4): 172

occidentalis Rothschild, 1914 (ssp. of Diacrisia obliqua), LT; now: Spilosoma bisecta

Leech, 1888 — Thomas 1990 (30.1x.) 13 (2/3): 179

ochricolor Erschoff, 1877 (Oecophora), comb. n.; now: Crassa — Lvovsky 2003 (16.

vi.) 25 (2002) (4): 218

ochrocephala sp. n. (Nemophora) — Kozlov 1997 (1.vi.) 20 (1/2): 35

Ochrognesiini Inoue, 1961 (Geometridae), syn. n. of Nemoriini Gumppenberg, 1887 —

Hausmann 1996 (21.x1.) 19 (1/2): 31

ochroplasta sp. n. (Mimcochylis) — Razowski 1985 (31.iii.) 8 (1): 64

omanica sp. n. (Leucoptera) — Mey 1998 (10.vii.) 21 (2): 107

omanirana sp. n. (Creatonotus) — de Freina 2007 (15.xi.) 30 (2): 376

104 GAEDIKE: Nota lepidopterologica indices to volumes 1 to 30

obliquana Eversmann, 1844 (Cochylis), LT; now: Cochylimorpha — Nedoshivina 2007

(15.v.) 30 (1): 108

obtusana Eversmann, 1844 (Teras), LT; now: Acleris — Nedoshivina 2007 (15.v.) 30

(1): 108

ochrographa sp. n. (Bactra (Chiloides)) — Diakonoff 1989 (31.1.) 11 (1988) (4): 243

onurcani Sp. n. (Perizoma) — Can & Mironov 2006 (17.11.) 28 (2005) (3/4): 163

orbiculata sp. n. (Rhopalovalva) — Zhang & Li 2004 (23.xii.) 27 (2/3): 241

oreina Sp. n. (Chersotis) — Dufay 1984 (31.111.) 7 (1): 8.

origalis Brandt, 1941 (Glossostrophia), comb. n.; now: Scopuloides — Hausmann 1994

(31.111.) 16 (1993) (3/4): 201

Orinympha Meyrick, 1927 (Yponomeutidae), syn. n. of Atemelia — Kyrki 1990 (31.

ii.) 13 (1): 36

orobi Stainton, 1870 (Cemiostoma) LT; now: Leucoptera — Kaila & Wikström 2004

(23.x11.) 27 (2/3): 188

orpheus Sp. n. (Aricia (Ultraaricia)) — Nekrutenko 1980 (1.vi.) 3 (1/2): 63

orphicus ssp. n. of Polyommatus dantchenkoi — Kolev 2005 (7.vi.) 28 (1): 26

osmana Sp. n. (Gortyna) — Hacker & Kuhna 1986 (31.x11.) 9 (3/4): 184

ossealis Staudinger, 1880 (Metasia), previously a syn. of Palepicorsia ustrinalis, stat.

rev.; LT; now bona sp. of Metasia — Maes 2002 (1.111.) 24 (2001) (4): 52

osthelderi sp. n. (Phtheochroa) — Huemer 1990 (31.1.) 12 (1989) (4): 278

ovata sp. n. (Rhopalovalva) — Zhang & Li 2004 (23.x11.) 27 (2/3): 240

oxiana Djakonov, 1929 (Paragluphisia), comb. n.; now: Gluphisia — Schintlmeister et

al. 1987 (30.vi.) 10 (2): 101

paghmanus sp. n. (Brachodes) — Kallies 1998 (15.x.) 21 (3): 187

palaearctica palaearctica Povolny, 1968 (Empista), comb. n.; now: Kiwaia (Empis-

ta) — Sattler 1988 (31.1.) 10 (1987) (4): 234

palaearctica secunda Povolny, 1976 (Empista), comb. n.; now: Kiwaia (Empista) —

Sattler 1988 (31.1.) 10 (1987) (4): 234

palaestinensis Staudinger, 1901 (var. of Melanargia titea), LT; syn. n. of Melanargia

titea titanea — Wagener 1983 (30.v1.) 6 (2/3): 181

palawanicola nom. n. pro Papilio macareus maccabeus Staudinger, 1889,

nec Herbst, 1796 — Kocak 1980 (31.v.) 2 (1979) (4): 139

Palepicorsia Maes, 1995 (Crambidae), stat. rev. — Maes 2002 (1.111.) 24 (2001) (4): 53

pallidella Zagulajev, 1997 (Solenobia), comb. n., now: Dahlica — Sauter & Hätten-

schwiler 1999 (1.x11.) 22 (4): 265

pallidior Spuler, 1892 (ssp. of Doritis apollinus), syn. n. of Archon apollinaris apol-

linaris (Staudinger, [1892]) — Freina 1985 (30.v1.) 8 (2): 127

palmensis sp. n. (Luffia) — Sobczyk 2002 (1.111.) 24 (2001) (4): 12

paludicola Wallengren, 1859 (Mimaeseoptilus), LT; syn. n. of Stenoptilia pterodactyla

(Linnaeus, 1761) — Arenberger 1990 (30.1x.) 13 (2/3): 97

palumbaria |Denis & Schiffermiiller], 1775 (Geometra), NT; now: Scotopteryx —

Huemer & Hausmann 1998 (1.x11.) 21 (4): 260

Nota lepid. 31 (1): 79-162 105

palumbaria Treitschke, 1827 (Aspilates), LT; now: Scotopteryx — Huemer & Haus-

mann 1998 (1.x11.) 21 (4): 256

pamphyla sp. n. (Synanthedon) — Kallies 2003 (30.x.) 26 (1/2): 38

pannonica Daniel, 1955 (ssp. of Coscinia cribraria), syn. n. of Coscinia cribraria

cribraria (Linnaeus, 1758) — Freina & Witt 1984 (30.1x.) 7 (3): 232

Paraargyresthia (Argyresthiidae), syn. n. of Argyresthia — Kyrki 1990 (31.111.) 13 (1):

parachalca Meyrick, 1916 (Scythris), LT; — Passerin d’Entreves 1996 (29.11.) 18 (1995)

(2): 147

paradisea Butler, 1881 (Nemotois), syn. n. of Nemophora decisella

(Walker, 1863) — Kozlov & Robinson 1996 (31.1.) 18 (1995) (1): 43

Paragluphisia Djakonov, 1929, syn. n. of Gluphisia Boisduval, 1828 — Schintlmeister

et al. 1987 (30.vi.) 10 (2): 101

parallelifascia Rothschild, Hartert & Jordan, 1917 (ssp. of Metanastria diagramma),

stat. n.; syn. n. of Macrothylacia diagramma alphacaria — Freina & Witt 1984

(31.11.) 7 (1): 31

Parametanarsia Gerasimov, 1930 (Gelechiidae), syn. n. of Metanarsia Staudinger,

1871 — Bidzilya 2005 (7.1.) 27 (2004) (4): 274

parapleura Meyrick, 1885 (Gelechia), comb. n.; now: Kiwaia (Kiwaia) — Sattler 1988

(31.1.) 10 (1987) (4): 233

paroctas Meyrick, 1913 (Chelaria), comb. n.; now: Bagdadia — Sattler 1999 (1.x11.)

22 (4): 238

parodia Gozmäny, 1988 (Oegoconia), comb. n.; now: Apatema — Sutter 2007 (15.v.)

30 (1): 201

parvula Philpott, 1930 (Gelechia), comb. n.; now: Kiwaia (Kiwaia) — Sattler 1988

(31.1.) 10 (1987) (4): 233

parvulana Wilkinson, 1859 (Catoptria), LT; sp. rev.; now: Eucosma — Agassiz &

Langmaid 2004 (28.vi.) 27 (1): 46

pelopides ssp. n. of Kretania eurypilus Freyer — Poorten 1984 (30.vi.) 7 (2): 164

pelsonius ssp. n. of Agriphila tolli Bleszynski — Fazekas 1985 (31.111.)8 (1): 17

pelsonius (ssp. of Agriphila tolli), syn. n. of Agriphila tolli tolli Bleszynski —- Gozmany

1985 (30.1x.): 8 (3): 285

pentactinana Mann, 1855 (Cochylis), syn. n. of Stenodes decolorella (Zeller, 1839) —

Sattler 1986 (31.x11.) 9 (3/4): 257

peramplana Hiibner, 1825 (Epagoge), comb. n.; now: Aphelia — Speidel & Aarvik

2002 (1.viil.) 25 (1): 19

peregrina sp. n. (Prays) — Agassiz 2007 (15.x1.) 30 (2): 408

pergrandella Rebel, 1917 (Gelechia), LT; comb. n.; now: Chionodes — Sattler 1986

(31.x11.) 9 (3/4): 257

perixesta Collenette, 1961 (Euproctis), comb. n.; now: Sphrageidus — Maes 1984

(31.111.) 7 (1): 56

perlana Frolich, 1830 (Tortrix), syn. n. of Eublemma pulchralis (Villers, 1789) —

Speidel & Aarvik 2002 (1.vii.) 25 (1): 20

106 GAEDIKE: Nota lepidopterologica indices to volumes 1 to 30

perpulchrana Kennel, 1901 (Tortrix), comb. n.; now: Tosirips — Razowski 1987

(31.111.) 10 (1): 88

persana sp. n. (Coleophora) — Baldizzone 1990 (30.ix.) 13 (2/3): 114

persica sp. n. (Thetidia (Antonechloris)) — Hausmann 1996 (21.xi.) 19 (1/2): 27

persimilana Rebel, 1894 (Pandemis), syn. n. of Choristoneura simonyi (Rebel, 1892) —

Razowski 1979 (17.vin.) 2 (1/2): 57

persimilis Rothschild, 1914 (Diacrisia), LT; now: Spilosoma — Thomas 1990 (30.ix.)

13 (2/3): 181

perunovi Dubatolov, 1990 (ssp. of Holoarctia cervini), comb. n.; now: ssp. of Holoarctia

puengeleri — Pöyry & Kullberg 1997 (1.vi.) 20 (1/2): 61

peterseni sp. n. (Infurcitinea) — Baldizzone 1984 (30.1x.) 7 (3): 197

peterseni Povolny, 1965 (Ilseopsis), comb. n.; now: Scrobipalpa — Sattler 1988 (31.1.)

10 (1987) (4): 231

pfisteri ssp. n. (of Setina aurita) — Burmann & Tarmann 1985 (30.ix.): 8 (3): 247

Phaiogramma Gumppenberg, 1887 (Geometridae), stat. n. — Hausmann 1996 (21.xi.)

19 (1/2): 50

phantasma Marten, 1955 (ssp. of Lemonia philopalus), syn. n. of Lemonia philopalus

vazquezi Oberthür, 1916 — Freina & Witt 1983 (30.v1.) 6 (2/3): 90

Phantosoma gen. n. (Lasiocampidae) — Zolotuhin & Kostjuk 2000 (1.vii.) 23 (2): 141

pharetria Meyrick, 1886 (Gelechia), comb. n.; now: Kiwaia (Kiwaia) — Sattler 1988

(31.1.) 10 (1987) (4): 233

phasmatica Meyrick, 1937 (Meritastis), comb. n.; now: Amphicoecia — Rare

1989 (31.1.) 11 (1988) (4): 285

piae sp. n. (Ptilocephala) — Hättenschwiler 1996 (13.v.) 18 (1995) (3/4): 241

piculus sp. n. (Acalyptris) — Puplesis 1990 (31.111.) 13 (1): 85

pinkeri sp. n. (Coleophora) — Baldizzone 1982 (30.v1.) 5 (2/3): 57

piskunovi sp. n. (Metanarsia) — Bidzilya 2005 (7.1.) 27 (2004) (4): 288

pista Diakonoff, 1984 (Phalonidia), comb. n.; now: Piercea Filipjev, 1940 — Razowski

1992 (31.111.) 14 (1991) (4): 325

plagiusa sp. n. (Mimcochylis) — Razowski 1985 (31.111.) 8 (1): 62

planola sp. n. (Mimcochylis) — Razowski 1985 (31.111.) 8 (1): 61

plasmodia sp. n. (Mimcochylis) — Razowski 1985 (31.111.) 8 (1): 62

Platphalonidia gen. n. (Tortricidae) — Razowski 1985 (31.111.) 8 (1): 58

platyphyllae Oku, 1965 (Coleophora), syn. n. of Coleophora zelleriella Heinemann,

1854 — Baldizzone 1981 (30.1x.) 4 (3): 69

plemochoa Meyrick, 1916 (Phthorimaea), comb. n.; now: Kiwaia (Kiwaia) — Sattler

1988 (31.1.) 10 (1987) (4): 233

plumbaria Fabricius, 1775 (Phalaena), LT; now: ssp. of Scotopteryx luridata. — Huemer

& Hausmann 1998 (1.x11.) 21 (4): 260

polemia Prout, 1920 (Microloxia), comb. n.; now: Phaiogramma — Hausmann 1996

QL xi iol 253

Poliobrya Hampson, 1908 (Noctuidae), stat. n.; now subgenus of Victrix Staudinger,

1879 — Varga & Ronkay 1989 (30.iv.) 12 (1): 69

Nota lepid. 31 (1): 79-162 107

ponomarenkoae sp. n. (Acompsia (Acompsia)) — Huemer & Karsholt 2002 (15.x1.) 25

(2/3): 128

porrectella Caradja, 1920 (ssp. of Scythris grandipennis), LT; now: Scythris

grandipennis (Haworth, 1828) — Passerin d’Entreves 1996 (29.11.) 18 (1995) (2):

143

poulella Busck, 1904 (Plutella), comb. n.; now: Rhigognostis — Kyrki 1990 (31.111.)

13 (1): 35

powelli Le Cerf, 1916 (Chamaesphecia), comb. rev. from Synansphecia — Kallies 1999

(15.vi.) 22 (2): 110

powelli Oberthür, 1922, sp. rev.; now Brachodes — Kallies & Spatenka 2002 (15.x1.)

25 (2/3): 156

praeposita Toll, 1952 (Coleophora), syn. n. of Coleophora involucrella Chretien,

1905 — Baldizzone 1981 (30.ix.) 4 (3): 71

praesaga Corti, 1932 (Euxoa), syn. n. of Euxoa cos crimea — Plante 1983 (30.v1.) 6

(2/3): 136

predotaria Hartig, 1951 (ssp. of Sterrha incarnaria), LY; stat. n.; comb. n.; now:

Idaea — Raineri 1989 (30.x1.) 12 (3): 188

prodigellus Zeller, 1853, sp. rev.; now: Nemotois — Kozlov 2004 (31.1.) 26 (2003)

(3/4): 121

producta Walker, 1863 (Euproctis), comb. n.; now: Sphrageidus — Maes 1984 (31.111.)

7 (1): 56

protector sp. n. (Douzdrina) — de Laever 1985 (30.v1.) 8 (2): 149

protector de Laever, 1985 (Douzdrina), syn. n. of Spodoptera exigua (Hübner, 1808) —

de Bros 1985 (31.x11.) 8 (4): 385

Proteuchloris gen. n. (Geometridae) — Hausmann 1996 (21.x1.) 19 (1/2): 24

pruinosata (Staudinger, 1898) (Holoterpna), LT; — Hausmann 1996 (21.x1.) 19 (1/2): 18

pseudoalbiflua sp. n. (Episcythris) — Passerin d’Entreves 1991 (31.v.) 14 (1): 56

Pseudocinglis gen. n. (Geometridae) — Hausmann 1994 (31.111.) 16 (1993) (3/4): 203

pseudofuscoaenea sp. n. (Coleophora) — Stübner 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 158

pseudohumigena sp. n. (Euxoa) — Plante 1984 (31.x11.) 7 (4): 347

pseudojezonica ssp. n. (of Emmelina jezonica) — Derra 1987 (31.111.) 10 (1): 71

puengeleri O. Bang-Haas, 1927 (Orodemnias), stat. rev.; now: Holoarctia — Poyry &

Kullberg 1997 (1.vi.) 20 (1/2): 55

pulchra sp. n. (Phaulernis) — Gaedike 1993 (30.xi.) 16 (2): 93

pulchra Staudinger, 1897 (Phorodesma), comb. n.; now: Microbaena — Hausmann

1996 (21.x1.) 19 (1/2): 22

pullana Eversmann, 1844 (Sericoris) LT; now: Epinotia cruciana (Linnaeus, 1761) —

Nedoshivina 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 109

pulmentaria Guenée, 1857 (Chlorissa), comb. n.; now: Phaiogramma — Hausmann

1996 (21.xi.) 19 (1/2): 51

pulverana Eversmann, 1844 (Tortrix), LT; now: Clepsis senecionana (Hübner, 1819) —

Nedoshivina 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 109

pumicana Zeller, 1847 (Sciaphila), syn. n. of Cnephasia pasiuana (Hübner, 1796) —

Razowski 1989 (31.1.) 11 (1988) (4): 288

108 GAEDIKE: Nota lepidopterologica indices to volumes 1 to 30

pumila Philpott, 1928 (Gelechia), comb. n.; now: Kiwaia (Kiwaia) — Sattler 1988

(31.1.) 10 (1987) (4): 233

punctigera Freyer, 1834 (Bombyx), syn. n. of Coscinia cribraria cribraria (Linnaeus,

1758) — Freina & Witt 1984 (30.1x.) 7 (3): 231

punica sp. n. (Coleophora) — Baldizzone 1985 (30.1x.): 8 (3): 216

purpurea sp. n. (Altipolia) — Plante 1985 (31.x11.): 8 (4): 365

purpureus Stainton, 1867 (Nemotois), syn. n. of Nemotois fasciella (Fabricius, 1775) —

Kozlov 2004 (31.1.) 26 (2003) (3/4): 122

putilla Saalmüller, 1884 (Euproctis) comb. n.; now: Sphrageidus — Maes 1984 (31.111.)

7 (1): 56

pyrenaella sp. n. (Acompsia (Acompsia)) — Huemer & Karsholt 2002 (15.x1.) 25 (2/3):

117

pyrenaella sp. n. (Penestoglossa) — Herrmann 2006 (14.viii.) 29 (1/2): 90

pyrophagana Rebel, 1939 (Cnephasia), syn. n. of Cnephasia pasiuana (Hübner,

1796) — Razowski 1989 (31.1.) 11 (1988) (4): 288

quadratana Eversmann, 1844 (Grapholitha), LT; now: Epiblema sticticana (Fabri-

cius, 1894) — Nedoshivina 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 110

quadrativalvata sp. n. (Gnorismoneura) — Wang et al. 2004 (28.vi.) 27 (1): 84

quieta Philpott, 1927 (Phthorimaea), comb. n.; now: Kiwaia (Kiwaia) — Sattler 1988

(31.1.) 10 (1987) (4): 233

radicaria de la Harpe, 1855 (Horisme), NT; — Rezbanyai-Reser 1984 (31.x11.) 7 (4):

392

radiolana Eversmann, 1844 (Teras), LT; now: Catoptria verella Zincken, 1817 —

Nedoshivina 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 113

radoti Homberg, 1911 (ssp. of Hypopta caestrum), stat. n.; now: Parahypopta —

Yakovlev 2007 (15.x1.) 30 (2): 418

ragusai Verity, 1919 (ssp. of Thymelicus acteon), sp. rev.; now: Thymelicus ragusai —

Kocak 1980 (31.v.) 2 (1979) (4): 143

raikhonae Noreika, sp. n. (Phyllonorycter) — Noreika & Puplesis 1992 (31.x11.) 15 (2):

131

ramosella Müller-Rutz, 1934 (Lita), sp. rev.; LT; now: Scrobipalpula — Huemer &

Karsholt 1998 (8.111.) 21 (1): 51

rangnowi (ssp. of Lycaeides argyrognomon), nom. n. pro Lycanea ismenias violaceus

Rangnow, 1935, nec Lycaena splendens violaceus Staudinger, 1892 — Koçak 1980

(31.v.) 2 (1979) (4): 141

raptans Sp. n. (Coleophora) — Baldizzone 1989 (30.v1.) 12 (2): 114

redae Sp. n. (Satyrium) — Bozano 1993 (30.1v.) 15 (1992) (3/4): 179

reisseri ssp. n. (of Euchloe tagis) — Back & Reissinger 1989 (30.vi.) 12 (2): 96

relicta Koshantschikov, 1923 (Duomitella), LT; now: Scardia boletella (Fabricius,

1794) — Yakovlev 2006 (17.11.) 28 (2005) (3/4): 159

remizella sp. n. (Coleophora) — Baldizzone 1983 (30.v1.) 6 (2/3): 74

renatae Sp. n. (Merrifieldia) — Skyva & Elsner 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 115

Nota lepid. 31 (1): 79-162 109

renatae Sp. n. (Micropterix) — Kurz et al. 1997 (10.x11.) 20 (3/4): 294

renetae Sp. n. (Talis) — Ganev & Hacker 1984 (30.1x.) 7 (3): 249

repentella Chrétien, 1908 (Lita), LT; syn. n. of Caryocolum petryi (Hofmann, 1899) —

Huemer & Luquet 1992 (31.v.) 15 (1): 30

repentis sp. n. (Caryocolum) — Huemer & Luquet 1992 (31.v.) 15 (1): 35

resplendella Stainton, 1851 (Aechmia), LT; now: Heliozela — Mutanen et al. 2007

(15.v.) 30 (1): 81

retusella Rebel, 1891 (Xystophora), syn. n. of Scrobipalpula tussilaginis (Stainton,

1867) — Huemer & Karsholt 1998 (8.111.) 21 (1): 60

rhamniella Herrich-Schäffer, 1855 (Bucculatrix), LT; — Mey 1999 (1.1x.) 22 (3): 219

rianella sp. n. (Dahlica) — Hättenschwiler 1981 (31.111.) 4 (1/2): 21

ribasella sp. n. (Coleophora) — Baldizzone 1982 (30.v1.) 5 (2/3): 70

ribentella sp. n. (Elachista) ) — Kaila & Varalda 2004 (23.x11.) 27 (2/3): 232

rjabovianus nom. n. pro Agrodiaetus rjabovi Forster, 1960, nec Lycaena thersites

rjabovi Obraztsov, 1936 — Kocak 1980 (31.v.) 2 (1979) (4): 142

roboris Schrank, 1801, syn. n. of Lasiocampa quercus quercus — Freina & Witt 1983

(30.vi.) 6 (2/3): 93

romeii Rothschild, 1933 (ssp. of Saryrus abdelkader), syn. n. of Berberia lambessanus

Staudinger, 1901 — Tennent 1994 (31.111.) 16 (1993) (3/4): 310

rosiphila Puplesis, sp. n. (Ectoedemia) — Puplesis et al. 1992 (31.v.) 15 (1): 55

rotunda sp. n. (Proutia) — Suomalainen 1990 (31.x11.) 13 (4): 231

rufa Houlbert, 1921 (Palimpsestis), LT; syn. n. of Tethea or ([Denis & Schiffermiiller],

1775) — Yoshimoto 1989 (30.x1.) 12 (3): 227

rufistrigata Hampson, 1896 (Ephyra), comb. n.; now: Pseudosterrha — Hausmann

1993 (31.v11.) 16 (1): 24

rugosana Hübner, 1799 (Tortrix), NT; now: Phtheochroa — Huemer 1990 (31.1.) 12

(1989) (4): 272

ruizi Dionisio, 1980, syn. n. of Lasiocampa trifolii cocles — Freina & Witt 1983

(30.vi.) 6 (2/3): 96

rungsi Rougeot, 1971 (ssp. of Lemonia philopalus), syn. n. of Lemonia philopalus

vazquezi Oberthür, 1916 — Freina & Witt 1983 (30.v1.) 6 (2/3): 90

ruoergensis Chou & Ying, 1979 (Gynaephora), syn. n. of Gynaephora (Dasorgyia)

selenophora Staudinger, 1887 — Spitzer 1984 (30.v1.) 7 (2): 183

ruthae Traugott-Olsen, 1994 (Biselachista) syn. n. of Elachista occidentalis Frey,

1882 — Kaila & Varalda 2004 (23.x11.) 27 (2/3): 226

sachalinensis Matsumura, 1930 (Lithosia), LT; now: Eilema (Collita) griseola sacha-

linensis — Ignatyev & Witt, 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 29

saharae Slaby, 1981 (ssp. of Berberia abdelkader), syn. n. of Berberia abdelkader

taghzefti Wyatt, 1952 — Tennent 1994 (31.111.) 16 (1993) (3/4): 308

saifulica ssp. n. (of Brahmaea wallichii) — Freina & Witt 1982 (30.vi.) 5 (2/3): 81

saleri sp. n. (Idaea) — Dominguez & Baixeras 1992 (31.xii.) 15 (2): 103

salicicola Park, 1995 (Capidentalia), comb. n.; now: Bagdadia — Sattler 1999 (1.xii.)

22 (4): 238

110 GAEDIKE: Nota lepidopterologica indices to volumes 1 to 30

salicicolella Kuznetzov, 1960 (Nothris), comb. n.; now: Bagdadia — Sattler 1999

(1.x11.) 22 (4): 238

sammut sp. n. (Cydia (Kenneliola)) — Diakonoff 1986 (31.x11.) 9 (3/4): 170

samnitica Dannehl, 1929, syn. n. of Lasiocampa trifolii trifolii — Freina & Witt 1983

(30.v1.) 6 (2/3): 95

sapindivora Clarke, 1958 (Chelaria), comb. n.; now: Bagdadia — Sattler 1999 (1.xii.)

22 (4): 238

sappadensis sp. n. (Scythris) — Bengtsson & Sutter 1992 (31.xii.) 15 (2): 95

sardoa Turati, 1913, syn. n. of Lasiocampa trifolii cocles — Freina & Witt 1983

(30.v1.) 6 (2/3): 96

sareptensis Rothschild, 1912 (Cossus), comb. n.; now: Holcocerus — Yakovlev 2004

(23.x11.) 27 (2/3): 195

sarobiella (Paratinea), comb. n.; now: Crypsithyris — Gaedike 2007 (19.1.) 29 (2006)

(3/4): 167

schahrudensis nom. n. pro Pieris chloridice albidice Staudinger, 1901, nec Pieris

daplidice albidice Oberthiir, 1881 — Koçak 1980 (31.v.) 2 (1979) (4): 139

schematica Meyrick, 1885 (Gelechia), comb. n.; now: Kiwaia (Kiwaia) — Sattler 1988

(31.1.) 10 (1987) (4): 233

schepleri sp. n. (Acompsia (Acompsia)) — Huemer & Karsholt 2002 (15.x1.) 25 (2/3):

129

sciurella sp. n. (Coleophora) — Baldizzone 1987 (31.111.) 10 (1): 33

scopoli Carnelutti & Michieli, 1960, syn. n. of Lasiocampa quercus dalmatina — Freina

& Witt 1983 (30.v1.) 6 (2/3): 94

Scopuloides gen. n. (Geometridae) — Hausmann 1994 (31.111.) 16 (1993) (3/4): 196

scurella Herrich-Schäffer, 1854 (Calotrypis), syn. n. of Epermenia (Epermenia)

scurella (Stainton, 1851) — Gaedike 1993 (30.iv.) 15 (1992) (3/4): 230

scutana Constant, 1893 (Grapholitha), syn. n. of Eucosma parvulana (Wilkinson,

1859) — Agassiz & Langmaid 2004 (28.vi.) 27 (1): 46

scutifera sp. n. (Nemapogon) — Gaedike 2007 (19.1.) 29 (2006) (3/4): 164

scythica sp. n. (Mehara) — Komarov & Zolotuhin 2005 (7.vi.) 28 (1): 52

sellingi sp. n. (Orthosia) — Fibiger et al. 1996 (13.v.) 18 (1995) (3/4): 204

semidiaphana Zukowsky, 1929 (Paranthrene), comb. n.; now: Nokona — Kallies 2007

(15.x1.) 30 (2): 391

semifasciata Failla, 1888, syn. n. of Lasiocampa trifolii cocles — Freina & Witt 1983

(30.v1.) 6 (2/3): 96

semisudetica ssp. n. (of Erebia melampus) — Cupedo 1996 (29.11.) 18 (1995) (2): 116

senecai sp. n. (Dyscia) — Wiltshire 1990 (31.1.) 12 (1989) (4): 355

seravshanica Stshetkin, 1984 (ssp. of Pseudothecla cyri), comb. n.; now: ssp. of

Armenia hyrcanica — Weidenhoffer & Eckweiler 1988 (31.1.) 10 (1987) (4): 244

sericata sp. n. (Amicta) — Hattenschwiler & Alemansoor 2006 (14.viti.) 29 (1/2): 80

serrata sp. n. (Gnorismoneura) — Wang et al. 2004 (28.vi.) 27 (1): 84

Setema gen. n. (Arctiidae) — Freina & Witt 1984 (31.x11.) 7 (4): 331

shohami sp. n. (Myinodes) — Hausmann 1994 (30.x1.) 17 (1/2): 38

Nota lepid. 31 (1): 79-162 El)

sibiricus Caradja, 1921 (var. of Pterophorus scarodactylus), LT; syn. n. of Leioptilus

distinctus (Herrich-Schäffer, 1855) — Gibeaux 1988 (31.x.) 11 (3): 187

siciliana Oberthür, 1914 (ssp. of Satyrus semele), syn.n.; LT; now: Hipparchia

senthes — Olivier & Coutsis 1997 (10.x11.) 20 (3/4): 204

siliquella Constant, 1893 (Coleophora), syn. n. of Coleophora oriolella Zedller,

1849 - Baldizzone 1981 (30.ix.) 4 (3): 71

similella sp. n. (Nemapogon) — Gaedike 2007 (19.1.) 29 (2006) (3/4): 162

similis Fuessly, comb. n.; now: Sphrageidus — Maes 1984 (31.111.) 7 (1): 56

simonyi Rebei, 1892 (Pandemis), comb. n., now: Choristoneura — Razowski 1979

(17 vit.) 2 (1/2): 57

sinecarina sp. n. (Phtheochroa) — Huemer 1990 (31.1.) 12 (1989) (4): 275

sinevi sp. n. (Nemophora) — Kozlov 1997 (1.v1.) 20 (1/2): 33

sinjovi sp. n. (Epermenia (Calotripis)) — Gaedike 1993 (30.x1.) 16 (2): 99

skoui sp. n. (Xanthorhoe) — Viidalepp & Hausmann 2004 (31.1.) 26 (2003) (3/4): 104

slovenica Daniel, 1939 (ssp. of Coscinia striata), syn. n. of Spiris striata striata (Lin-

naeus, 1758) — Freina & Witt 1984 (30.1x.) 7 (3): 227

sonamagensis Sp. n. (Altipolia) — Plante 1985 (31.x11.): 8 (4): 365

sordidior Rothschild, 1914 (ssp. of Bombyx decolorata), syn. n. of Lasiocampa

decolorata decolorata — Freina & Witt 1983 (30.v1.) 6 (2/3): 96

sordidula Rambur, 1858 (Lithosia), stat. n.; now: ssp. of Eilema pygmaeola — Freina

& Witt 1984 (31.x11.) 7 (4): 333

Sphrageidus gen. n. (Lymantriidae) — Maes 1984 (31.111.) 7 (1): 56

spinosa Povolny, 1976 (Empista), comb. n.; now: Kiwaia (Empista) — Sattler 1988

(31.1.) 10 (1987) (4): 234

splendida Gerber, 1979 (ssp. of Orodemnias cervini), syn. n. of Holoarctia cervini

(Fallou, 1864) — Pöyry & Kullberg 1997 (1.vi.) 20 (1/2): 50

staudingeri sp. n. (Brachodes) — Kallies 1998 (15.x.) 21 (3): 180

stefanii de Joannis, 1899 (Coleophora), syn. n. of Coleophora seriipennella Christoph,

1872 — Baldizzone 1981 (30.1x.) 4 (3): 73

Stenopteron gen. n. (Tortricidae) — Razowski 1989 (31.1.) 11 (1988) (4): 287

stettinensis Leraut, 2003, syn. n. of Acleris effractana (Hübner, 1799) — Karsholt et al.

2005 (12.vii.) 28 (2): 94

stigmatana Eversmann, 1844 (Tortrix), LT; now: Aphelia — Nedoshivina 2007 (15.v.)

30 (1): 110

strictelloides Gaedike, 1977 (Epermenia), syn. n. of Epermenia strictella (Wocke,

1867) — Gaedike 1993 (30.x1.) 16 (2): 98

subaerariella Stainton, 1867 (Butalis), LT; now: Scythris — Passerin d’Entreves 1996

(29.11.) 18 (1995) (2): 150

subalpina Agassiz, 1900, syn. n. of Lasiocampa quercus quercus, f. alpina — Freina &

Witt 1983 (30.v1.) 6 (2/3): 93

subflabella Stainton, 1867 (Butalis), LT; now: Scythris inclusella Lederer, 1855 —

Passerin d’Entréves 1996 (29.11.) 18 (1995) (2): 146

subzuzukiella Lvovsky, 1985 (Promalactis), comb. n.; now: Epicallima — Lvovsky

2003 (16.vi.) 25 (2002) (4): 217

112 GAEDIKE: Nota lepidopterologica indices to volumes 1 to 30

sulcitana ssp. n. (of Zygaena (Agrumenia) orana) — Bordoni & Leo 1985 (30.ix.): 8

(3): 269

sutshana Draudt, 1935 (f. of Panolis flammea), syn. n. of Panolis japonica Draudt,

1935 — Kononenko & Mikkola 1989 (30.iv.) 12 (1): 31

syriaca Osthelder, 1933 (ssp. of Parastichtis monoglypha), comb. n.; bona sp.; now:

Apamea — Dufay 1984 (30.vi.) 7 (2): 114

syriacus ssp. n. (of Tosirips magyarus) — Razowski 1987 (31.111.) 10 (1): 91

syriella sp. n. (Acompsia (Telephila)) — Huemer & Karsholt 2002 (15.x1.) 25 (2/3): 133

tabestana sp. n. (Rhodostrophia) — Trusch & Hausmann, 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 8

tachengensis Cai, 1979, syn. n. of Pterostoma palpina (Clerck, 1759) — Schintlmeister

et al. 1987 (30.vi.) 10 (2): 98

tadzhikella Lvovsky, 1982 (Callima), comb. n.; now: Epicallima — Lvovsky 2003

(16.vi.) 25 (2002) (4): 217

takowensis sp. n. (Achyra) — Maes 1987 (31.x.) 10 (3): 178

talassica Puplesis, sp. n. (Stigmella) — Puplesis et al. 1992 (31.v.) 15 (1): 54

talgarella sp. n. (Cauchas) — Kozlov 1993 (30.xi.) 16 (2): 117

talgarica Solyanikov, 1991 (Fumea),comb.n.; now: Bruandia—Sauter & Hättenschwiler

1999 (1.x11.) 22 (4): 265

tallosi Kovacs & Varga, 1969 (Apamea), syn. n. of Apamea syriaca — Dufay 1984

(30.vi.) 7 (2): 114 |

tamensis Waters, 1929 (Coleophora), status rev.; now: Coleophora cratipennella

Clemens, 1864 — Baldizzone & J.-F. Landry 1993 (31.vu.) 16 (1): 4

tanaella sp. n. (Elachista) — Aarvik & Berggren 2004 (31.1.) 26 (2003) (3/4): 84

tanis Swinhoe, 1917 (Hypena), comb. n.; now: Dichromia — Lödl 1994 (31.111.) 16

(1993) (3/4): 243

taurella Caradja, 1920 (Scythris), LT; syn. n. of Scythris balanophora Meyrick, 1916 —

Passerin d’Entreves 1996 (29.11.) 18 (1995) (2): 148

tauromeniella sp. n. (Scythris) — Passerin d’Entréves & Roggero 2004 (31.1.) 26 (2003)

(3/4): 154

taygetica Rebel, 1902 (var. of Lycaena panagaea), stat. n.; NT; now: ssp. of Turanana

taygetica — Coutsis 2005 (7.1.) 27 (2004) (4): 266

tayulingensis sp. n. (Mamestra) — Yoshimoto 1989 (31.1.) 11 (1988) (4): 290

tecticola Thomann, 1951 (Setina), syn. n. of Setina aurita aurita (Esper, 1787) —

Burmann & Tarmann 1985 (30.1x.): 8 (3): 263

teichiana sp. n. (Dichrorampha) — Sulcs & Kerppola 1997 (10.x11.) 20 (3/4): 301

teneriffella sp. n. (Coleophora) —Baldizzone 1987 (31.111.) 10 (1): 30

tenuata Fuchs, 1880, syn. n. of Lasiocampa quercus quercus — Freina & Witt 1983

(30.vi.) 6 (2/3): 93

tenuivittella Stainton, 1867 (Butalis), LT; now: Scythris — Passerin d’Entreves 1996

(29.11.) 18 (1995) (2): 151

terebra Denis & Schiffermiiller, 1775 (Bombyx) comb. n.; now: Acossus — Yakovlev

2007 (15.x1.) 30 (2): 417

Nota lepid. 31 (1): 79-162 ris

tergana Eversmann, 1844 (Tortrix), LT; now: Aethes triangulana (Treitschke, 1835) —

Nedoshivina 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 111

tertia sp. n. (Noctua) — Mentzer et al. 1991 (31.v.) 14 (1): 37

testaceana Eversmann, 1844 (Tortrix), LT; now: Archips rosana (Linnaeus, 1758) —

Nedoshivina 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 111

Thermocrates Meyrick, 1936, syn. n. of Dryadaula Meyrick, 1893 — Robinson 1988

(30.iv.) 11 (1): 74

thomasi sp. n. (Oncocnemis) — Plante 1986 (31.111.) 9 (1/2): 97

thracicus Buresch, 1915 (var. of Doritis apollinus), syn. n. of Archon apollinus apol-

linus (Herbst, 1798) — Freina 1985 (30.vi.) 8 (2): 126

thyraula Meyrick, 1885 (Gelechia), comb. n.; now: Kiwaia (Kiwaia) — Sattler 1988

(31.1.) 10 (1987) (4): 233

Thyridopsis Amsel, 1953, syn. n. of Epimetasia Ragonot, 1894 — Nuss et al. 2006 (14.

vill.) 29 (1/2): 38

tianshanica Seksjaeva sp. n. (Bucculatrix) — Puplesis et al. 1992 (31.v.) 15 (1): 59

tilosi Manil, 1984 (ssp. of Hipparchia wyssii), stat. n.; now: Hipparchia — Wiemers

1991 (31.xu.) 14 (3): 271

titania Caberla, 1891 (var. of Melanargia titea), NT; now: ssp. of Melanargia titea —

Wagener 1983 (30.v1.) 6 (2/3): 181

titania Standfuss, 1892 (var. of Melanargia titea), NT; now: Melanargia titea stand-

Jussi nom. n. pro fitea titania Standfuss, 1892 — Wagener 1983 (30.vi.) 6 (2/3): 185

titea Klug, 1832 (Hipparchia), LT; now: ssp. of Melanargia titea — Wagener 1983

(30.vi.) 6 (2/3): 177

Tosirips gen. n. (Tortricidae) — Razowski 1987 (31.111.) 10 (1): 87

totanae sp. n. (Coleophora) — Baldizzone 1985 (30.1x.): 8 (3): 212

toubkalella sp. n. (Gracillaria) — Prins 1985 (31.xi1.): 8 (4): 351

toulechkoffi nom. n. pro Hadena platinea grisescens Toulechkoff, 1951, nec Hadena

basilinea grisescens Staudinger, 1889 — Koçak 1980 (31.v.) 2 (1979) (4): 144

transsilvanica sp. n. (Siederia) — Herrmann & Weidlich 1999 (1.111.) 22 (1): 12

traugotti sp. n. (Coleophora) — Baldizzone 1985 (30.1x.): 8 (3): 210

traugotti sp. n. (Teleiodes) — Huemer & Karsholt 2001 (21.x11.) 24 (3): 47

tremalzoi sp. n. (Scythris) — Bengtsson & Sutter 1992 (31.x1i.) 15 (2): 93

tribertii sp. n. (Infurcitinea) — Baldizzone 1983 (31.111.) 6 (1): 17

trichophagoides Zerny, 1935 (Tinea), syn. n. of Xerantica tephroclysta Meyrick,

1930 — Gaedike 2007 (19.1.) 29 (2006) (3/4): 168

trichopterella sp. n. (Coleophora) — Baldizzone 1985 (30.1x.): 8 (3): 208

tridentifera sp. n. (Coleophora) — Baldizzone 1985 (30.ix.): 8 (3): 214

trimaculata (Paratinea), comb. n.; now: Crypsithyris — Gaedike 2007 (19.1.) 29 (2006)

(3/4): 167

trimaura sp. n. (Strepsicrates) — Diakonoff 1985 (31.xii.): 8 (4): 306

tripunctella [Denis & Schiffermiiller], 1775, NT; now: Acompsia (Acompsia) — Huemer

& Karsholt 2002 (15.xi.) 25 (2/3): 125

tripsiana Eversmann, 1844 (Tortrix), LT; now: Phtheochroa inopiana (Haworth,

1811) — Nedoshivina 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 112

114 GAEDIKE: Nota lepidopterologica indices to volumes 1 to 30

trisyllaba Puplesis, sp. n. (Stigmella) — Puplesis et al. 1992 (31.v.) 15 (1): 51

troughti Amsel, 1955 (Eochorica), comb. n.; now: Typhonia — Sobczyk 2004 (28.vi.)

27.1): 25

tsekouensis ssp. n. (of Sephisa dichroa) — Nguyen 1984 (31.xii.) 7 (4): 340

tshatkalica Solyanıkov, 1991 (Fumea), comb. n.; now: Bruandia — Sauter & Hätten-

schwiler 1999 (1.x11.) 22 (4): 265

tugaella Ponomarenko, 1995 (Capidentalia), comb. n.; now: Bagdadia — Sattler 1999

(1.x11.722:.(4):238

tunisiae Stübner & Baldizzone, sp. n. (Coleophora) — Stübner, 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1):

138

tunisiana Sp. n. (Cydia) — Aarvik & Karsholt 1993 (30.ıv.) 15 (1992) (3/4): 167

turanicus Puplesis, 1984 (Microcalyptris), syn. n. of Acalyptris lvovskyi (Puplesis,

1984) — Puplesis 1990 (31.111.) 13 (1): 67

turbidellus Caradja, 1921 (Pterophorus (var.?)), LT; syn. n. of Leioptilus trimmato-

dactylus (Christoph, 1872) — Gibeaux 1988 (31.x.) 11 (3): 188

turcica sp. n. (Crypsithyris) — Gaedike 2007 (19.1.) 29 (2006) (3/4): 167

turcicola nom. n. pro Agrotis forcipula obscurior Draudt, 1933, nec Agrotis sollers

obscurior Staudinger, 1889 — Kocak 1980 (31.v.) 2 (1979) (4): 144

turkmeniella Piskunov, 1973 (Scrobipalpa), syn. n. of Scrobipalpa maniaca Povolny,

1969 — Povolny 1982 (30.v1.) 5 (2/3): 126

turkmeniella sp. n. (Ethmia) — Dubatolov & Ustjuzhanin 1998 (10.vu.) 21 (2): 101

turkmeniensis sp. n. (Ocrisiodes) — Asselbergs 2004 (28.vi.) 27 (1): 54

turlini Griveaud, 1977, comb. n.; now: Sphrageidus — Maes 1984 (31.111.) 7 (1): 56

tutulella Zerny, 1927 (Nola), syn. n. of Nola cucullatella cucullatella (Linnaeus,

1758) — Freina & Witt 1984 (30.vi.) 7 (2): 133

umbraculana Eversmann, 1844 (Teras), LT; now: Pelochrista — Nedoshivina 2007

(15.v.) 30 (1): 100

undulata Danilevskij, 1962, comb. n.; now Phtheochroa — Razowski 1989 (31.1.) 11

(1988) (4): 285

unicolorata sp. n. (Hemidromodes) — Hausmann 1996 (21.x1.) 19 (1/2): 62

unicolorella De Joannis, 1909 (Scythris), LT; now: Scythris grandipennis (Haworth,

1828) — Passerin d’Entreves 1996 (29.11.) 18 (1995) (2): 143

uralskiensis Gibeaux, 1995 (Gillmeria), syn. n. of Gillmeria armeniaca (Zagulajev,

1984) — Ustjuzhanin 2001 (21.xi1.) 24 (3): 25

urartua sp. n. (Brachylomia) — Hacker & Kuhna 1986 (31.x11.) 9 (3/4): 181

urartua sp. n. (Hyponephele) — Freina & Aussem 1986 (31.x11.) 9 (3/4): 200

urbahni ssp. n. (of Aplocera praeformata) — Dufay 1981 (31.111.) 4 (1/2): 16

urmijensis Zagulajev, 1996 (Agdistis), syn. n. of Agdistis frankeniae (Zeller, 1874) —

Alipanah & Ustjuzhanin 2007 (19.1.) 29 (2006) (3/4): 178

Urodidae new family (Type-genus Urodus) — Kyrki 1988 (30.1v.) 11 (1): 53

usambaraensis nom. n. pro Papilio brontes australis Van Someren, 1961, nec Papilio

rumina australis Esper, 1781 — Koçak 1980 (31.v.) 2 (1979) (4): 139

Nota lepid. 31 (1): 79-162 115

ustrinalis Christoph, 1877 (Botys), comb. n.; now: Palepicorsia — Maes 2002 (1.111.)

24 (2001) (4): 53

valesiana Rebel, 1907 (Olethreutes), comb. n.; now: Phiaris — Speidel & Aarvik 2002

(1.vin.) 25 (1): 19

valletai de Lattin, 1952 (ssp. of Hipparchia algirica), syn. n. of Hipparchia senthes —

Olivier & Coutsis 1997 (10.x11.) 20 (3/4): 205

valletai Valletta, 1972 (ssp. of Hipparchia algirica), syn. n. of Hipparchia senthes —

Olivier & Coutsis 1997 (10.x11.) 20 (3/4): 205

vallicolella Costa, 1885 (ssp. of Agriphila latistria), NT; syn. n. of Agriphila latistria

latistria (Haworth, 1811) — Fazekas 1990 (30.1x.) 13 (2/3): 125

vandarbani Pfeiffer, 1937 (ssp. of Lycaena hyacinthus), comb. n.; stat. n.; now: Aricia

(Ultraaricia) — Nekrutenko 1980 (1.vi.) 3 (1/2): 62

vanderwolfi sp. n. (Coleophora) — Baldizzone 1985 (30.1x.): 8 (3): 213

vantshica Viidalepp, 1988 (Scopula), comb. n.; stat. n.; now: ssp. of Scopuloides

origalis — Hausmann 1994 (31.111.) 16 (1993) (3/4): 202

variicornis Toll, 1952 (Coleophora), stat. rev. — Nuss & Stiibner 2003 (30.x.) 26 (1/2):

vasconiella Rössler, 1877 (Lita), comb. n.; now: Scrobipalpa — Povolny 1987 (31.111.)

10 (1): 82

vasilevi Ganev, 1983 (Agriphila), syn. n. of Agriphila brioniella (Zerny, 1914) — Fazekas

1990 (30.ix.) 13 (2/3): 120

vasilevi sp. n. (Agriphila) — Ganev 1983 (31.x11.) 6 (4): 210

vastaria Christoph, 1877 (Eusarca), LY; now: Rhodostrophia — Trusch & Hausmann,

2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 15

ventosella Chrétien, 1907 (Scythris), LT; — Passerin d’Entrèves 1996 (29.11.) 18 (1995)

(2): 141

venustana Frölich, 1828 (Tortrix), syn. n. of Celypha aurofasciana (Haworth, 1811) —

Speidel & Aarvik 2002 (1.viii.) 25 (1): 19

venustana Frölich, 1828 (Tortrix), syn. n. of Celypha aurofasciana (Haworth, 1811) —

Speidel & Aarvik 2002 (1.viii.) 25 (1): 19

verkerki sp. n. (Eudarcia (Abchagleris)) — Gaedike & Henderickx 1999 (1.111.) 22 (1):

verucha ssp. n. (of Pelatea klugiana) — Nedoshivina & Zolotuhin 2005 (7.vi.) 28 (1):

vestalis Hampson, 1900 (Pionea), syn. n. of Epimetasia vestalis Ragonot, 1894 — Nuss

et al. 2006 (14. viii.) 29 (1/2): 38

Victorinella subgen. n. of Victoria Warren, 1897 (Geometridae) — Hausmann 1996 (21.

x1.) 19 (1/2): 38

vigilis Meyrick, 1925 (Coleophora), LT — J.-F. Landry & Baldizzone 1993 (30.xi.) 16

(2): 130

viktor Yakovlev, 2004 (Lamellocossus), comb. n.; now: Acossus — Yakovlev 2007 (15.

x1.) 30 (2): 417

116 GAEDIKE: Nota lepidopterologica indices to volumes 1 to 30

virago Rothschild, 1912 (ssp. of Bombyx decolorata), syn. n. of Lasiocampa decolorata

decolorata — Freina & Witt 1983 (30.v1.) 6 (2/3): 96

vivesella sp. n. (Coleophora) — Baldizzone 1987 (31.111.) 10 (1): 27

voelkeri Schadewald, 1992 (Autographa), syn. n. of Autographa gamma (Linnaeus,

1758) — Fibiger 1993 (31.vu.) 16 (1): 18

wageneri Kocak, 1976 (ssp. of Archon apollinus), syn. n. of Archon apollinus apollinus

(Herbst, 1798) — Freina 1985 (30.vi.) 8 (2): 127

walsinghami sp. n. (Coleophora) — Baldizzone 1990 (30.ix.) 13 (2/3): 116

walsinghami sp. n. (Episcythris) — Passerin d’Entreves 1991 (31.v.) 14 (1): 64

warreni sp. n. (Noctua) — Lödl 1987 (31.x.) 10 (3): 164

warreni sp. n. (Trichoridia) — Plante 1990 (31.x11.) 13 (4): 219

wautieri Dufay, 1975 (Agrochola), stat. n.; now: ssp. of Agrochola lactiflora — Hacker

& Moberg 1989 (30.v1.) 12 (2): 126

weberella sp. n. (Perittia) — Whitebread 1984 (30.1x.) 7 (3): 272

weigerti sp. n. (Arctia) — Freina & Witt 1985 (31.111.) 8 (1): 21

wertheimsteini Rebel, 1913 (Cnephasia), comb. n.; now: Oxypteron — Razowski 1983

(31.x11.) 6 (4): 234

willieni ssp. n. (Erebia manto) — Cupedo 1997 (1.vi.) 20 (1/2): 10

wiltshirei sp. n. (Victoria (Victorinella)) — Hausmann 1996 (21.x1.) 19 (1/2): 39

wiskotti ROber, 1896 (var. of Melanargia titea), LT; now: ssp. of Melanargia titea —

Wagener 1983 (30.vi.) 6 (2/3): 182 |

witti Sp. n. (Phantosoma) — Zolotuhin & Kostjuk 2000 (1.vii.) 23 (2): 142

wolffi sp. n. (Zelleria) — Klimesch 1983 (30.vi.) 6 (2/3): 121

wolfi sp. n. (Catoptria) — Ganev & Hacker 1984 (30.1x.) 7 (3): 245

wyatti Kocak, 1976 (ssp. of Archon apollinus), syn. n. of Archon apollinus apollinus

(Herbst, 1798) — Freina 1985 (30.vi.) 8 (2): 127

xerophilaria Püngeler, 1902 (Heterolocha), LT; syn. n. of Pseudosterrha rufistrigata

(Hampson, 1896) — Hausmann 1993 (31.vii.) 16 (1): 24

yanglingensis Li & Zheng, 1998 (Capidentalia), comb. n.; now: Bagdadia — Sattler

1999 (1.xii.) 22 (4): 238

yangsteana sp. n. (Cochylimorpha) — Razowski 2006 (14.vıii.) 29 (1/2): 121

Yezognophos Matsumura, 1927 (Geometridae), syn. n. of Elophos Boisduval, 1840 —

Sauter 1990 (31.1.) 12 (1989) (4): 337

yusufeliensis sp. n. (Metaeuchromius) — Nuss & Speidel 1999 (15.vi.) 22 (2): 155

zagrobia Wiltshire, 1941 (ssp. of Crymodes bischoffi), comb. n.; stat. n.; now: Poly-

mixis — Wiltshire 1993 (30.iv.) 15 (1992) (3/4): 258

Zeempista Povolny, 1974 (subgen. of Empista), syn. n. of Kiwaia (Kiwaia) — Sattler

1988 (31.1.) 10 (1987) (4): 233

zermattensis Miiller-Rutz, 1930 (Leioptilus), LT; syn. n. of Leioptilus distinctus

(Herrich-Schäffer, 1855) — Gibeaux 1988 (31.x.) 11 (3): 187

Nota lepid. 31 (1): 79-162 117

zhdankoi sp. n. (Amblyptilia) — Ustjuzhanin 2001 (21.xu.) 24 (3): 17

ziegleri sp. n. (Eumasia) — Hattenschwiler 1998 (1.x11.) 21 (4): 271

zonatella Toll, 1960 (Coleophora), syn. n. of Coleophora bilineella Herrich-Schäffer,

1854 — Baldizzone 1981 (30.1x.) 4 (3): 77

zouhari sp. n. (Scrobipalpa) — Povolny 1984 (30.1x.) 7 (3): 266

zubsiana sp. n. (Circula) — Nässig 1985 (30.v1.) 8 (2): 185

Bibliographic index

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Anonymous 1982 (31.x11.). Obituary. Willem Blom. 5 (4): 207-208.

Anonymous 1986 (31.111.). Arreté du 3 juillet 1985 concernant la protection des papil-

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Anonymous 1986 (31.xii.). In memoriam: Lionel George Higgins, 1891-1985. 9 (3/4):

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Aarvik, L. 1986 (31.x11.). Notes on the nomenclature of three species of Tortricidae.

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160 GAEDIKE: Nota lepidopterologica indices to volumes 1 to 30

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Micropterix Hiibner, 1825 from northern and central Europe (Micropterigidae). 30

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Zilli, A. & A. Grassi 2006 (14.viii.). When disrupted characters between species link: a

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Zolotuhin, V. V. 2007 (15.v.). On the identity of the Turkish species of the Eriogaster

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Publication dates

1 (1977): No.1 (1.x1.1977): 1-48; No.2 (31.11.1978): 49-96; No.3 (25.v.1978):

97-144; No.4 (31.x.1978): 145-172.

2 (1979): No.1/2 (17.viii.1979): 1-72; No.3 (2.x1.1979): 75-120; No.4 (31.v. 1980):

121-168.

Nota lepid. 31 (1): 79-162 161

(1980): No.1/2 (1.v1.1980): 1-96; No.3/4 (31.x.1980): 97-148.

(1981): No.1/2 (31.111.1981): 1-60; No.3 (30.1x.1981): 61-108; No.4 (31.x11.1981):

109-172.

(1982): No.1 (31.111.1982): 1-52; No.2/3 (30.v1.1982): 53-140; No.4 (31.x11.1982):

141-212.

(1983): No.1 (31.111.1983): 1-64; No.2/3 (30.v1.1983): 65-188; No.4 (31.x11.1983):

189-252.

(1984): No.1 (31.11.1984): 1-96; No.2 (30.v1.1984): 97-184; No.3 (30.1x.1984):

185-296; No.4 (31.x11.1984): 297-392.

(1985): No.1 (31.111.1985): 1-76; No.2 (30.v1.1985): 77-200; No.3 (30.1x.1985):

201-300; No.4 (31.x11.1985): 301-392.

(1986): No.1/2 (31.111.1986): 1-144; No.3/4 (31.x11.1986): 145-288.

(1987): No.1 (31.11.1987): 1-92; No.2 (30.v1.1987): 93-136; No.3 (31.x.1987):

137-196; No.4 (31.1.1988): 197-252.

(1988): No.1 (30.1.1988): 1-88; No.2 (31.v111.1988): 89-164; No.3 (31.x.1988):

165-240; No.4 (31.1.1989): 241-296.

(1989): No.1 (30.1.1989): 1-84; No.2 (30.v1.1989): 85-168; No.3 (30.x1.1989):

169-236; No.4 (31.1.1990): 237-372.

(1990): No.1 (31.11.1990): 1-88; No.2/3 (30.1x.1990): 89-188; No.4 (31.x11.1990):

189-256.

(1991): No.1 (31.v.1991): 1-100; No.2 (30.1x.1991): 101-192; No.3 (31.x11.1991):

193-292; No.4 (31.11.1992): 293-356.

(1992): No.1 (31.v.1992): 1-88; No.2 (31.x11.1992): 89-160; No.3/4 (30.1v.1993):

161-280.

(1993): No.1 (31.v11.1993): 1-76; No.2 (30.x1.1993): 77-168; No.3/4 (31.111.1994):

169-324.

(1994): No.1/2 (30.x1.1994): 1-104; No.3/4 (30.1v.1995): 105-224.

(1995): No.1 (31.1.1996): 1-92; No.2 (29.11.1996): 93-180; No.3/4 (13.v.1996):

181-312.

(1996): No. 1/2 (21.x1.1996): 1-140; No.3/4 (21.x11.1996): 141-270.

(1997): No.1/2 (1.v1.1997): 1-148; No.3/4 (10.x11.1997): 149-340.

(1998): No.1 (8.11.1998): 1-92; No.2 (10.v11.1998): 93-152; No.3 (15.x.1998):

153-232; No.4 (1.x11.1998): 233-300.

(1999): No.1 (1.111.1999): 1-80; No.2 (15.v1.1999): 81-160; No.3 (1.1x.1999):

161-232; No.4 (1.x11.1999): 233-323.

(2000): No.1 (1.1v.2000): 1-84; No.2 (1.v11.2000): 85-190; No.3/4 (1.x11.2000):

191-353.

(2001): No.1/2 (10.v111.2001): 1-96; No.3 (21.x11.2001): 1-99; No.4 (1.11.2002):

1-88+[3].

(2002): No.1 (1.v111.2002): 1-84; No.2/3 (15.x1.2002): 85-204; No.4 (16.v1.2003):

205-283+[3].

(2003): No.1/2 (30.x.2003): 1-80+[4]; No.3/4 (31.1.2004): [2]+83-164.

(2004): No.1 (28.v1.2004): [2]+3-96; No.2/3 (23.x11.2004): [2]+99-247; No.4

(7.v1.2005): [2]+251-319.

162 GAEDIKE: Nota lepidopterologica indices to volumes 1 to 30

28 (2005): No.1 (7.v1.2005): [2]+3-71; No.2 (12.v111.2005): [2]+75-156; No.3/4

(17.11.2006): [2]+159-236.

29 (2006): No.1/2 (14.v111.2006): [2]+3-134; No.3/4 (19.1.2007): [2]+137-233.

30 (2007): No.1 (15.v.2007): [2]+3-208; No.2 (15.x1.2007): 209-424.

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site Web de la SEL. L'adhésion se paie au début de l'année. Elle est de 35 € pour les

individus et de 45 € pour les associations. Les frais d'admission sont de 2,50 €. Les paiements

peuvent être envoyés au compte de la SEL: no. 19 56 50 507, Postbank Köln [Cologne] (code

bancaire 370 100 50; IBAN: DE63 3701 0050 0195 6505 07; BIC: PBNKDEFF) ou au trésorier

local tel que mentionné sur le site Web.. Toute question en rapport avec l'adhésion doit être envoyée

au Trésorier, Dr. Robert Trusch, Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde, Erbprinzenstr. 13, D-76133

Karlsruhe; courriel: trusch@smnk.de. Tout changement d'adresse doit être mentionné immediate-

ment au Secrétaire responsable des adhésions ou au Trésorier.