NOTA

LEPIDOPTEROLOGICA

A journal focussed on Palaearctic and General Lepidopterology

Published by the Societas Kuropaea Lepidopterologica e. V.

http://www.soceurlep.eu

Editors

Dr Bernard Landry (Geneve, CH), e-mail: bernard.landry @ ville-ge.ch

Dr Matthias Nuss (Dresden, D), e-mail: matthias.nuss@senckenberg.de

Paul Sokoloff (Kent, UK), e-mail: paul.sokoloff@ntlworld.com

Editorial Board

Dr Enrique Garcia-Barros (Madrid, E), Prof. Dr Roger L. H. Dennis (Wilmslow, UK),

Dr Thomas Fartmann (Miinster, D), Dr Axel Hausmann (Munich, D), Dr Peter Huemer

Unnsbruck, A), Ole Karsholt (Copenhagen, DK), Dr Yuri P. Nekrutenko (Kiev, UA),

Dr Erik van Nieukerken (Leiden, NL), Dr Thomas Schmitt (Trier, D), Dr Wolfgang Speidel

(Bonn, D), Dr Carlos Lopez-Vaamonde (F)

Volume 32 No. 2 - Dresden, 16.11.2009 - ISSN 0342-7536

Contents

Sergey Sinev. Obituary for Vladimir Ivanovich KuznetZov ...............c:ccceeesseeeeseseeeeeeseeees 87-88

Ole Karsholt & Nikolay Savenkov. Beautiful gelechiid moths — Aristotelia baltica

A. Sulcs & I. Sulcs, stat. n. and related species (Gelechiidae) ...............:ccesseeeeeeeeeees 89-97

Levente Székely & Vlad Dinca. Cucullia argentina (Fabricius, 1787) and

Saragossa porosa porosa (Eversmann, 1854) from the steppes of Dobrogea,

NE NS as Rl a va asbdicn easticindnauhsiiedenaied es gunsunsegveronncete 99-110

Antonio S. Ortiz, José A. de la Calle & Juan José Guerrero. On the presence of

Scythocentropus inquinata (Mabille, 1888) (Noctuidae: Xyleninae) on the Iberian

Paes, MIESt TOCORG SOK COMUIMCTIAL BDTODE | oi5..22r...cnceseccccnssewetevncsereccestcccenesecece 111-112

Jurate de Prins & Akito Kawahara. On the taxonomic history of Phyllocnistis Zeller,

ONT feo el dda dae. daa ince aceapudcndccedndncececsecabceaadeuendcancavesesoesiwuschaes 113-121

a F 7 —

Corinna Rickert, Hartmut Roweck & Thomas Sobezyk. Whittleia retiella

(Newman, 1847) (Psychidae) from the salt marshes of Schleswig-Holstein,

Germany, with'descriptive and life-history notes .......22..--c:S:-essece ae eee

H. Christof Zeller-Lukashort, Michael A. Kurz, David C. Lees &

Racheli Schwartz-Tzachor. Micropterix of Cyprus and the Middle East

a ifs 0) 1S gl tae Fic) PEM eee See D aS octho8 Scacoacaceangedene adbaoseedosae: aescsnsessmnacdsiauendadeeees:

Cees Gielis & Ole Karsholt. Additional records of Pterophoridae from the _

Cape Verde Islands, with description of a new species of Agdistis Hubner Saeed ie

Antonio M. Franquinho Aguiar, Andrew Wakeham-Dawson & José G. Freitas Jesus.

The life cycle of the little known and endangered endemic Madeiran Brimstone

Butterfly Gonepteryx maderensis Felder, 1862 (Pieridae) .................4. ject so coe Beem

Book reviews sa... ee rece in ae

Contents —

123-127 k

129-138

139-144

1455157

158-162

: r ae

0.87-8¢

Nota lepid. 32 (2): 87-88 ae Nut wt 75 87

Viadimir Ivanovich Kuznetzov

28 February 1929 — 22 August 2008

Vladimir Ivanovich Kuznetzov, a leading Russian lepidopterologist, Professor of Ento-

mology and Doctor of Biological Sciences, passed away on August 22, 2008 at the

age of 79. His scientific career started in Leningrad (now St. Petersburg) at the State

University with his PhD thesis “The Lepidoptera of Western Kopetdagh, their ecology

and economical value”, which was prepared under the guidance of the famous Russian

entomologist Prof. A. S. Danilevsky. From 1955, Vladimir Kuznetzov held various po-

sitions on the scientific staff of the Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences

(St. Petersburg), where for a long period (1969-2002) he was head of Lepidoptera

department in the Laboratory of Insect Taxonomy.

The vast scientific heritage of Prof. Kuznetzov includes more than 200 published works.

He has described 3 new subfamilies, 9 tribes, 37 genera and subgenera, and 353 species

and subspecies belonging to 20 different families of Lepidoptera. Furthermore, together

with Prof. Stekolnikov he established 6 infraorders and | family. Prof. Kuznetzov

made a significant contribution to the systematics of the very large and economically

important family Tortricidae, in which he was among the main world experts. In the

leaf-rollers alone he described more than 300 taxa of various rank.

Prof. Kuznetzov always had very wide range of scientific interests, from mining moths

to butterflies, and many different aspects of lepidopteran ecology as well. Amongst his

Nota lepidopterologica, 16.11.2009, ISSN 0342-7536

88 SINEV: Obituary to Vladimir Ivanovich Kuznetzov (1929-2008)

most significant works were the papers on the leaf-rollers of the Amur region, where the

ecological factors determining seasonal dynamics and phenological differentiation of

the regional fauna are analyzed. Furthermore, he also contributed to studies in applied

entomology, for example in the middle of the last century publishing a series of articles

devoted to the pests of cultured and wild trees and shrubs in the southern parts of the

former USSR. Later, in the 1990s, Prof. Kuznetzov edited two large ‘lepidopterous’

volumes of the well-known handbook “Insects and Mites — Pests of Agricultural

Plants”. During the last quarter of 20th century he concentrated on the problems of

phylogeny and systematics of the order Lepidoptera, based mainly on the functional

morphology of the male genitalia. For his fundamental work “New Approaches to the

System of Lepidoptera of World Fauna” (published in co-authorship with Prof. A. A.

Stekolnikov in 2001) Prof. Kuznetzov was honoured with the E. N. Pawlowsky Award

in 2002. |

The scientific work of Prof. Kuznetzov also won international acknowledgement. On

many occasions he was invited to the largest European museums (Berlin, Budapest,

Bucharest, Helsinki, Krakov, London) to study the collections and carry out cooperative

research projects. For his impressive achievement in lepidopterology Prof. Kuznetzov

was elected an Honorary Member of the Societas Europaea Lepidopterologica (SEL) in

1998 and Sociedad Hispano-Luso-Americana de Lepidopterologia (SHILAP) in 2000.

As with most of the true naturalists, Prof. Kuznetzov enjoyed travelling, using every

possible opportunity for field work and collecting material. The geographical scope of

his journeys covered the vast territory of the former USSR from the White Sea coast —

at the north to the Transcaucasus and Turkmenistan at the south and Kuril Islands at

the east. In 1986 and 1988 he took part in two large and highly successful zoological

expeditions to Northern and Southern Vietnam, which discovered hundreds of insect

species new to science.

Prof. Kuznetzov was always generous in sharing his extensive knowledge and wide

experience with other people. Under his guidance over 25 young researchers from

Russia, Ukraine, Lithuania, Georgia, Armenia, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan,

and Kyrgyzstan completed their PhD theses; among them such well known lepido-

pterologists like S. Baryshnikova, E. Beljaev, J. De Prins, P. Ivinskis, V. Kononenko,

A. Lyvovsky, V. Mironov, M. Omelko, M. Ponomarenko, R. Puplesis, A. Zhdanko, and

many others. All friends, colleagues and students of Prof. Kuznetzov will retain very

pleasant memories of this unusual and very interesting person.

For the full list of publications by V. I. Kuznetzov and details of his biography see

Sinev & Lvovsky (2009) and Vives Moreno (2009).

SERGEY SINEV

References :

Sinev, S. Yu. & A. L. Lvovsky 2009. In memory of V. I. Kuznetzov (1929-2008). — Entomolo-— |

gicheskoe obozrenie 88 (1): 214-227.

Vives Moreno, A. 2009. In memoriam Profesor Doctor Vladimir Ivanovitsch Kuznetzov 1929--

2008. — SHILAP Revista de lepidopterologia 37 (145): 5-14. ¢ = ica

Nota lepid. 32 (2): 89-97 89

Beautiful gelechiid moths — Aristotelia baltica A. Sulcs &

I. Sulcs, 1983, stat. n. and related species (Gelechiidae)

OLE KARSHOLT! & NIKOLAY SAVENKOV 2

' Zoologisk Museum, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Kgbenhavn @, Denmark;

e-mail: okarsholt@snm.ku.dk

> Latvijas Dabas Muzejs, K.Barona iela, 4, LV-1712, Riga, Latvija;

e-mail: nikolajs@dabasmuzejs.gov.lv

Abstract. Aristotelia baltica A. Sulcs & 1. Sulcs, 1983 (stat. n.) is raised from being a subspecies of A.

coeruleopictella Caradja (1920) to a separate species. It is compared with the closely related A. coeruleo-

pictella and A. pancaliella. The adults and genitalia of these three species are described and illustrated. The

female genitalia of A. pancalielia are figured for the first time. A lectotype of A. pancaliella (Staudinger,

1871) is designated. The larva and life history of A. baltica is described and illustrated for the first time.

Zusammenfassung. Aristotelia baltica A. Sulcs & I. Sulcs, 1983 (stat. n.) ist von einer Unterart von

A. coeruleopictella Caradja (1920) zu einer separaten Art erhoben. Sie wird mit den nahe verwandten

A. coeruleopictella und A. pancaliella verglichen. Die Falter und Genitalien dieser drei Arten werden

beschrieben und abgebildet. Die weiblichen Genitalien von A. pancaliella werden zum ersten Mal ab-

gebildet. Ein Lectotypus wird fiir A. pancaliella (Staudinger, 1871) festgelegt. Die Larve sowie die

Lebensweise von A. baltica werden erstmalig beschrieben und illustriert.

Introduction

- With at least 4530 described and numerous undescribed species (Hodges 1998: 147) the

Gelechiidae is the third largest family of Microlepidoptera. In spite of some diversity in

colour and wing pattern the larger number of Gelechiidae, especially in temperate and

arid areas, have forewings with grey or brown colours and black markings.

Among the more colourful gelechiids are members of the genus Aristotelia Hiibner,

1825. They often have yellow, orange or red-brown forewings with white and/or

silvery markings. As currently delimited this genus is found in both temperate and

warmer parts around the world, except some oceanic islands, being most diverse in

the Nearctic and Neotropic regions. Seventeen species are found in Europe (Karsholt

2004), and several additional species are known in complexes of closely related species

(O. Karsholt, in prep.).

Differences in genitalia between species are sometimes small, and many species are

more easily recognized from external features. The labial palps are diverse in form

and scaling, and they are useful in grouping the species. However, as in other genera

of Gelechiidae such as Gelechia Hiibner, 1825 or Monochroa Heinemann, 1870 the

form of the labial palps does probably not reflect the phylogenetic relationships within

the genus. Within Aristotelia some species are remarkable because of the form of their

labial palps and in being extraordinary colourful. A few of these are dealt with below.

Abbreviations

CAUEC Christian Albrecht University Ecological Center, Kiel, Germany

LDM Latvian Museum of Natural History, Riga, Latvia

Nota lepidopterologica, 16.11.2009, ISSN 0342-7536

90 KarsHoir & SaveNnkov: Aristotelia baltica and related species —

MGAB- Muséum d ‘Histoire Naturelle “Grigore Antipa”, Bucarest, Romania

MHNG Muséum d’histoire naturelle, Geneva, Switzerland

NHMW_ Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna, Austria

ZIN Zoological Institute, Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia

ZMHU_ _Zoologisches Museum der Humboldt-Univarsitat, Berlin, Germany

ZMUC_ Zoological Museum, Natural History Musum of Denmark

Results

Key to adult moths

1 Subapical patch in forewing white, with metallic base 20.0.0... eeseeeeeseeeeeseeeeeeeee Zi.

1’ Subapical patch metallic blue, edged with black; antenna black with apical fifth

WME 5s isiebvscincee tes calcite. cone ee subah nied ob dente eee A. baltica —

2 Antenna ringed black and white, smaller species (10—11 mm) ........ A. pancaliella ©

2’ Antenna black, distal eight ringed with white; larger species (12—15 mm) :

KS iveeigs Lecadthes Me oe ee a ee ee ey. covruleopictella

Key to male genitalia

1 Valva pointed, tip exceeding tip of-acuminate UNCUS. ..../........2:2c0c:+-ceaeeeeeeeeeeeeeet 2.

1’ Tip of rounded valva not or only shortly exceeding tip of rounded uncus ee ag

hing usldienraachsia shancedgacce-<pkin Cerca cee a aes toe A. pancaliella _

2 Vesica in phallus with a cone-shaped, thorned sclerotization ..... A. coeruleopictella

2’ Vesica in phallus with plate with 1—2 small thorns ............eeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeees A. baltica —

Key to female genitalia =

1 Ostium bursae a broadly u-shaped bOW] ............cccccsceeseseeeesees eee. eae

1’ Ostium bursae a v-shaped bow ...... Raine 28 ritiitn aa A. gee =

2 Central part of ductus bursae densly spined; signum with 1—2 lateral thorns Bee.

DeLee te babakrsessasieeurwb teres URW cee ole olka esa Sa I oa vel os oe

2’ Central part of ductus bursae weakly spined, signum with 3 lateral thorns ie: Dae

eed se ae 5. ae po: ie Ae 5: 38 neti PMS ELE ARSE Lope PRE GE ey resin A. coeruleopictella

. ==

Aristotelia coeruleopictella (Caradja, 1920) Pane

Soh p mebere torinayeonan cand, 1920: 106.

eo ris . 1 gala 007” 172 (figs), 1 174 eg 175. |

Nota lepid. 32 (2): 89-97 9]

Figs 1-4. Adults of Aristotelia species. 1-2. A. baltica A. Sulcs & I. Sulcs, Latvia (male right, female left).

3. A. coeruleopictella (Caradja), Far East Russia. 4. A. pancaliella (Staudinger), Lectotype, Russia.

20.vii.1989, leg. S. Yu. Sinev, gen. slide HH 4980 (ZIN); 20%, 19, Primorskij Kraj, Shkotovo distr.,

Anisimovka village, 17-20.v1i.1994, by light, leg. N. Savenkov (LDM).

Diagnosis. Aristotelia coeruleopictella is characterized by its black antennae having

the distal eighth ringed with white (apical fifth white in A. baltica; ringed black and

white in A. pancaliella), and by its lanceolate, reddish orange forewings (not lanceolate

and shorter in A. pancaliella) with metallic, black edged patches.

Description (Fig. 3). Wingspan 13-15 mm. Labial palp long, falciform, segment 2

orange-yellow; segment 3 longer than segment 2, black, upper surface mottled with

yellow. Antenna black, distal eight ringed with white. Head and tegula shining metallic,

thorax black. Forewing lanceolate, reddish orange with four shining metallic, black

edged patches and similar markings at base and around apex and termen; a subapical

white patch on costa with metallic base; stigmata absent; cilia grey without a cilia

line. Hindwing blackish brown with dark grey cilia. Underside of forwing black with a

weak, white subapical spot at costa.

Male genitalia (Fig.5). Uncus long, acuminate; gnathos slightly longer than

uncus, slightly bent; valva very long and slender, slightly bent, exceeding beyond

uncus, with apical thorn; sacculus reduced; vincular process tiny, rounded; saccus,

short, semi-circular. Phallus bent, with small, globular base; distal-laterally with several

small thorns; vesica with a cone-shaped, thorned sclerotization.

Female genitalia (Fig. 8). Apophyses anteriores about the length of segment

VIII; ostium bursae a broadly v-shaped bowl; ductus bursae long, coiled, anterior third

oe EEE Eee

KarsHOLT & SAVENKOv: Aristotelia baltica and related species _

ia of Aristotelia species. 5. A. coeruleopictella (Caradja), gen.

A. Sules & I.

‘ae

gen. prep. HH 4922. 7. A. pancaliella (Staudinger),

: : f “ jas cant Ay IG

ee +e ofS) ny, eas. eee | iS

ere Pe: beh WAT OMEN yA be : :

Nota lepid. 32 (2): 89-97 93

Figs 8-10. Female genitalia of Aristotelia species. 8. A. coeruleopictella (Caradja), gen. prep. OK 5108.

9. A. baltica A. Sulcs & 1. Sulcs, gen. prep. HH 4923. 10. A. pancaliella (Staudinger), gen. prep. OK 5110.

Distribution. Russia (Khabarovskij Kraj, Primorskij Kraj).

Life history. Early stages and host plant unknown. Adults have been collected in

second part of July. Omelko (1999: 175) also gives August as flight period. Can be

attracted to light.

Remarks. Caradja (1920: 106) described Xystophera coeruleopictella trom two

males collected at Kasakewitsch in Far East Russia by Raddé. He associated it with

_ [Argolamprotes] micella (Denis & Schiffermiiller, 1775). A lectotype was designated

iby Popescu-Gorj (1992: 145). To our knowledge it was not recorded again in the

>, apart from catalogues (Meyrick, 1925: 46; Gaede, 1937: 50), until Sules &

94 KARSHOLT & SAVENKOV: Aristotelia baltica and related species —

Sulcs (1983: 40). Park (1996: 61) stated the abdomen of the lectotype to be lost, but that

was because its genitalia had been dissected. A drawing of the genitalia is kept in ZMUC.

Aristotelia calloptera was described from a series of both sexes collected in the Primorye

region, Russian Far East as well (Omelko 1999: 175). He apparently overlooked Ca-

radja’s description of A. coeruleopictella, and we consider A. calloptera Omelko as a

junior synonym of A. coeruleopictella (Caradja). This synonymy was recently pub- .

lished by Ponomarenko (2008: 327).

The three species discussed in this paper were formerly placed under “Aristotelia

pancaliella (Staudinger)” in the collection of ZIN, with specimens of A. baltica from

Lithuania (and | specimen from a locality about 100 km north of St. Petersburg), and

specimens of A. coeruleopictella from ‘Ussuri’ and ‘Amur’.

The few examined specimens show almost no variation. According to Caradja (1920:

106) the medial part of the antenna is ringed black and white. We could not confirm

that. Omelko (1999: 175) gave the wingspan as “11.5—14 mm”. We did not examine -

such small specimens.

Aristotelia baltica A. Sulcs & I. Sulcs, 1983, stat. n.

Aristotelia coeruleopictella spp: baltica A. Sulcs & I. Sulcs, 1983: 41.

Material. Holotype: 0, ‘Latvia, Kandava (CuzZas) 17.vi1.1979, leg. I. Sulcs’ (coll. Sulcs) (examined). —

Paratype: 10, same data, but leg. A. Sulcs, gen. slide OK 3395 (ZMUC). — Other material: Bosnia-

Herzegovina: | 0, 1 9, 25 km SW Trebinje, e. |. 29.vi.1965, Rhamnus, leg. H. Malicky, gen. slide O.

Karsholt 5113, 5114 (NHMW). Latvia: 30, 69, Kemeri 1.-15.vi.1993, ex 1. Frangula alnus, leg. N.

Savenkov (CAUEC, LDM, ZMUC); 2¢, Kemeri (Kudra), 29.vii.1993, leg. N. Savenkov (LDM); 1c,

Dunava, vi.1993, leg. A. BarSevskis (LDM): 1C, Teicu reserve, 23.vii.1993, leg. N. Savenkov (LDM);

20.19, Kandava, 27.vii.1994, leg. J. Junnilainen, gen. slide HH 4922, 4923; 19, Carnikava, 21.vii.1995,

leg. J. Junnilainen (ZMUC); 19, Silene, Ilgas 28 vii.1997, A. BarSevskis (LDM); 50, 89, Silene, llgas,

17.-26.vi.2002, ex |. Frangula alnus, leg. N. Savenkov, (CAUEC, LDM, ZMUC); 3c, 69, Nicgale, 10.-

27.¥1.2002, ex |. Frangula alnus, leg. N. Savenkov (LDM, CAUEC); 1¢, Slitere, 23.vii.2003, leg. N.

Savenkov (LDM); 10, Kandava (CuZas), 22.vii.1988, on Potentilla fruticosus flowers, leg. N. Savenkov

(LDM); 1¢, 5Q, Kandava (CuZas), 14.-16.vii.2003, ex 1. Frangula alnus, leg. N. Savenkov (LDM,

CAUEC). Lithuania: 20, N. Vertiai, 23.vii.1980, 28, 2Q, 5.viii.1980, leg. P. Ivinskis, gen. slide HH

1582, OK 3671, 3672 (ZMUC); 19,N. Vertiai, 30.vi: 1981, ex |. Rhamnus, 10°, 7.vi.1986, ex 1. Rhamnus,

leg. P. Ivinskis (LDM).

Diagnosis. See under A. coruleopictella.

Description (Figs 1-2). Wingspan 10-13 mm. Labial palp long, falciform, segment 2

orange-yellow; segment 3 longer than segment 2, black. Antenna black with apical fifth

white. Head and tegula shining metallic; thorax black. Forewing lanceolate, reddish

orange with four metallic blue, black edged patches and similar markings at base

and around apex and termen; stigmata absent; cilia grey without cilia line. Hindwing

blackish brown with dark grey cilia. Abdomen and underside of wings black.

Male genitalia (Fig. 6). Uncus long, acuminate; gnathos about as long as uneus, —

ony bent; valva very long and slender, slightly bent, exceeding beyond uncus

he eam aneat tiny, rounded, fused; saccus i i

= 4

2 i

Nota lepid. 32 (2): 89-97 95

ula alnus.

Figs 11-12. Larvae of A. baltica A. Sulcs & I. Sules on Frang

coiled, densely spined, posterior part without spines; signum broadly semicircular,

covered with thorns, with serrated margin and pair of lateral thorns.

Distribution. Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and European Russia,

eastwards to the southern Urals (Junnilainen et al. in press).

Life history (Figs 11-12). The larva is light greyish, ornamented with lighter and darker

pattern and an irregular dark lateral line. The abdomen has scattered, light hairs. Head

and prothoracic plate light brown; anal plate concolorous with the abdomen. It feeds,

probably after hibernation, in May and June on young leaves and flowers of Frangula

alnus Mill. (Rhamnaceae) covering them with transparent silk. The larva is very mobile

and when disturbed rapidly moves to the safe place in the web or falls down to the

ground. The habitats are wet meadows with F. alnus, but moths are often found in some

distance from Frangula trees (Ivinskis1982: 44, 46, as A. pancaliella; Ivinskis in litt.,

N. Savenkov, pers. obs.). The adult flies in July to early August. It can be found during

the day and is occasionally attracted to light. It has been observed on flowers of Potentilla

Jruticosus (L.) Rydb. (Rosaceae) and /nula salicina L. (Asteraceae) (Sulcs & Sulcs 1983:

41). The specimens from Bosnia-Herzegovina were, according to their labels, bred from

“Rhamnus” (Rhamnaceae).

Remarks. Aristotelia coeruleopictella spp. baltica was described from three males and

one female collected in the nature reserve ‘CuZas’ by Kandava in Latvia. The description

included important distinctive characters when compared with A. coeruleopictella, but

due to lack of material for comparison it was at that time not obvious if the two taxa

should be considered as separate species. This has since proved to be the case as we

have demonstrated.

The examined specimens show little variation. The two specimens from Bosnia-

Herzegovina differ from those from the Baltic States by being slightly smaller and

having the subapical spot on the forewings white with metallic base.

Aristotelia pancaliella (Staudinger, 1871)

Gelechia pancaliella Staudinger, 1871: 312.

Material. Lectotype (here designated): & , Russia, ‘Sarepta [=Krasnoarmeysk], Chr.[istoph] / Orig[i]

n{al]. / Zool. Mus. Berlin’, gen. slide O. Karsholt 5112 (ZMHU).— Other material: Russia, 1 9, Volgograd.

96 KarsHOLT & SAVENKOV: Aristotelia baltica and related species

18-24.v.1967. leg. V. Zouhar, gen. slide O. Karsholt 5110 (ZMUC). Syria: 1 9, 20 km N E Damascus,

16-23.v.1961. leg. F. Kasy & E. Vartian (NHMW). Turkey: 2 0, Diyarbakir, Monastery Hill, caravanserai

of Husrev Pasha, |.vii.1941, collector unknown (MHNG); | GC, prov. Kayseri, 5 km W Incesu, 1250 m,

30.vii.1989, leg. M. Fibiger & N. Esser (ZMUC).

Diagnosis. See under A. coeruleopictella.

Description (Fig. 4). Wingspan 10-11 mm. Labial palp long, falciform, segment 2

orange-yellow; segment 3 longer than segment 2, black. Antenna ringed blackish ~

brown and white. Head and tegula shining metallic; thorax orange mottled with brown

towards head. Forewing orange with three silvery, black edged patches and similar

markings at base and around apex and termen; subapical patch on costa white with

metallic base; stigmata absent; cilia dark grey without cilia line. Hindwing blackish

brown with dark grey cilia. Underside of forewing shining black, with white subapical

spot at costa. Abdomen dark grey, distal part of each sreriealt on underside shining pale

yellow.

Male genitalia (Fig. 7). Uncus long, rounded; gnathos about as long as uncus,

slightly bent; valva long and slender, almost straight, extending shortly beyond uncus,

tip rounded; sacculus reduced; vincular process rather stout, subtriangular, laterally

emarginated; saccus broad, triangular. Phallus bent, with globular base; distal-laterally

with one small thorn; vescia with few spinules.

Female genitalia (Fig. 10). Apophyses anteriores about half length of segment —

VIII; ostium bursae a v-shaped bowl; ductus bursae long, coiled, densely spined,

posterior part without spines; signum semicircular, covered with thorns, with serrated —

margin and pair of large, lateral thorns.

Distribution. South of Russia, Turkey, and Syria.

Life history. Early stages and host plant unknown. According to Anikin & Piskunov

(1995: 5) A. pancaliella occurs in dry steppe biotopes near the type locality in southern

Russia. They state the larva to feed on flowers of Frangula alnus. However, this host

plant record almost certainly refers to A. pancaliella sensu Ivinskis (1982), which is in

fact A. baltica. Adults have been collected in late June and July. Those from Diyarbakir

were, according to their labels, found on flowers of Globularia (Globulariaceae).

Remarks. Aristotelia pancaliella was described from a series of specimens collected.

by H. Christoph in early July near Sarepta [pow Krasnoarmeysk] in southern Russia

(Staudinger: 1871: 112). The name pancaliella was first proposed by Zeller (in litt.)

and was made available by Staudinger. He associated it with [Argolamprotes| micella

(Denis & Schiffermiiller, 1775).

We studied a male syntype from the Staudinger collection in ZMHU. Due to the

confusion about the identity of pancaliella as described above we designate this

specimen a lectotype. se

Aristotelia pancaliella differs from A. coeruleopictella and A. baltica by being smaller ae

(more or ene), and by having the antennae ringed black and white from base to Ay

Only few pperanens were examined. One female from South Russia has man} ig pais 4

ave gewomee ' ee Soar erside of both wings. The examined specimens from Turkey

1+Sy

Nota lepid. 32 (2): 89-97 97

Acknowledgements

Povilas Ivinskis, Vilnius, Lithuania; Jari Junnilainen, Vantaa, Finland; Bernard Landry, MNHG, Geneva,

Switzerland; Martin Lédl, NHMW, Wien, Austria; Wolfram Mey, ZMHU, Berlin, Germany; Kari

Nupponen, Espoo, Finland; Margarita Ponomarenko, Vladivostock, Russia; Sergey Yu. Sinev, ZIN, St.

Petersburg, Russia; Mihai Stanescu, MGAB, Bucarest, Rumania; and Ivars Sulcs, Riga, Latvia kindly

loaned us specimens or shared information with us. Mona Dahmen, Hamburg, Germany and Hartmut

Roweck, CAUEC, Kiel, Germany photographed the moths, and Matthias Nuss, Museum fiir Tierkunde,

Dresden, Germany photographed the genitalia. The latter also translated the abstract into German. Two

anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript and Paul Sokoloff corrected its language. We are grateful

to all for their help.

References

Anikin, V. V. & V.I. Piskunov 1995. On the fauna of gelechiid moths (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae) from

the Lower Volga region. Contribution to the knowledge of the Gelechiidae from the European part of

Russia. — Actias 2: 3-12.

Caradja, A. 1920. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der geographischen Verbreitung der Microlepidopteren des palae-

arktischen Faunengebietes nebst Beschreibung neuer Formen. III. Teil. - Deutsche entomologische

Zeitschrift Iris 34: 75-179.

Gaede, M. 1937. Familia: Gelechiidae. — Jn: F. Bryk (ed.): Lepidopterorum Catalogus 79: 1-630. Berlin.

Hodges, R. W. 1998. The Gelechioidea. Pp. 131—158. Jn: N. P. Kristensen (ed.). Lepidoptera, Moths and

Butterflies. Handbook of Zoology / Handbuch der Zoologie 4 (35): i-x, 1-491. — Walter de Gruyter,

Berlin & New York.

Ivinskis, P. 1982. 138 Lepidoptera species new to the Lithuanian SSR, found in 1968-1982.— New and rare

for the Lithuanian SSR Insect species. Reports and descriptions of 1982: 28-47. [In Russian.]

Junnilainen, J.,O. Karsholt, K. Nupponen, J.-P. Kaitila, T. Nupponen & V. Olschwang, in press. The gele-

chiid fauna of the southern Ural Mountains, part II: list of recorded species with taxonomical notes

(Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Zootaxa.

Karsholt, O. 2004. Family Gelechiidae. — Jn: Karsholt, O. & E. J. van Nieukerken (eds.). Lepidoptera,

Moths. — Fauna Europaea version 1.1, http://www.faunaeur.org.

Meyrick, E. 1925. Lepidoptera Heterocera. Fam. Gelechiadae. — /n: P. Wytsman. (ed.): Genera Insectorum

184: 1-290, 5 pls. — Louis Desmet-Verteneuil, BrussellsOmelko, M. M. 1999. Gelechiidae, pp. 102-

194. — In: P. A. Ler (ed.), Keys to the insects of Russian Far East 5 (2). Vladivostok. [in Russian].

Park, K.-T. 1996. Illustrations and discussions on type-specimens of Gelechiidae (Lepidoptera) described

by A. Caradja. — Insecta Koreana 13: 59-75.

Ponomarenko, M. 2008. Gelechiidae. Pp. 87-106, 327-329. — In: S. Yu. Sinev (ed.), Katalog Cheshue-

krylykh (Lepidoptera) Rossii (Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of Russia). — KMK Scientific Press Ltd..

St. Petersburg, Moscow.

Popescu-Gorj, A. 1992. Le catalogue des types de Lépidoptéres gardés dans les collections du Muséum

d’Histoire naturelle “Grigore Antipa” (Bucarest) (Fam. Micropterigidae — Pterophoridae). — Travaux

du Muséum d’ Histoire naturelle “Grigore Antipa” 32: 131-184.

Staudinger, O. 1871. Beschreibung neuer Lepidopteren des europdischen Faunengebiets. — Berliner ento-

mologische Zeitschrift 14 (1870): 273-330.

Sulcs, A. & I. Sulcs 1983. Neue und wenig bekannte Arten der Lepidopteren-Fauna Lettlands. — Notulae

Entomologicae 63: 37-48.

Nota lepid. 32 (2): 99-110 99

Cucullia argentina (Fabricius, 1787) and Saragossa porosa porosa

(Eversmann, 1854) from the steppes of Dobrogea, Romania

(Noctuidae)

LEVENTE SZEKELY ! & VLAD DINCA2

' Str. Viitorului 31 B/9, Sacele (Brasov), 505600, Romania; e-mail: levi.szekely@ gmail.com

* Departament de Genética i Microbiologia, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain:

e-mail: sudistu@ yahoo.com

Abstract. Cucullia argentina (Fabricius, 1787) and Saragossa porosa porosa (Eversmann, 1854) are

reported from the steppes of Dobrogea (south-eastern Romania). Cucullia argentina is new for the

country’s entomofauna while S. p. porosa is reported for the first time in Dobrogea and for the second time

in Romania. Given the current data, both taxa reach in Dobrogea their south-western distribution limit

in Europe. The relationship between S. p. porosa and S. p. kenderesiensis (Kovacs, 1968) is discussed.

The lack of clear morphological differences between the two taxa combined with their diminished range

disjunction may require reconsidering the status of the subspecies kenderesiensis. The actual and potential

distribution, ecology and conservation of C. argentina and S. p. porosa in Romania are discussed.

Résumé. Cucullia argentina (Fabricius, 1787) et Saragossa porosa porosa (Eversmann, 1854) sont rap-

portés des steppes de la Dobroudja (sud-est de la Roumanie). Cucullia argentina est une nouvelle espéce

pour l’entomofaune du pays tandis que S. p. porosa est rapportée pour la premiére fois de la Dobroudja

et pour la seconde fois de Roumanie. Les deux taxons atteignent donc dans la Dobroudja leur limite

sud-occidentale en Europe. Le lien entre S. p. porosa et S. p. kenderesiensis (Kovacs, 1968) est discuté.

L’absence de différences morphologiques claires entre les deux taxons en combinaison avec la diminution

de la disjonction de leurs aires de distribution pourraient signifier une nécessaire révision du statut de

la sous-espéce kenderesiensis. La distribution actuelle et potentielle, l’écologie et la conservation de

C. argentina et S. p. porosa en Roumanie sont commentées.

Rezumat. Cucullia argentina (Fabricius, 1787) si Saragossa porosa porosa (Eversmann, 1854) sunt

semnalate din stepele Dobrogei (sud-estul RomAniei). Cucullia argentina este specie noua pentru fauna

Roméaniei, in timp ce S. p. porosa este semnalata pentru prima data din Dobrogea si pentru a doua oara in

Romania. Avand in vedere datele actuale, ambii taxoni ating in Dobrogea limita sud-vestica a distributiei

in Europa. Relatia dintre S. p. porosa si S. p. kenderesiensis (Kovacs, 1968) este comentata. Lipsa unor

diferente morfologice clare intre cei doi taxoni precum si disjunctia de areal mult diminuata ridica semne

de intrebare asupra statutului subspeciei kenderesiensis. Distributia actuala si potentiala precum $i aspecte

legate de ecologia si conservarea lui C. argentina $i S. p. porosa in Romania sunt comentate.

Introduction

Dobrogea is a historical region of ca. 15,500 km’ which belongs to the Balkan Penin-

sula, the Danube representing the northern border of the Balkans (Fig. 1).

The first lepidopterist in Dobrogea was Josef Mann (1804-1889) from Vienna. In

1866 he published the first noticeable work on the Lepidoptera of Dobrogea province

(Mann 1866), which at that time still belonged to the Ottoman Empire. During the

XXth century, the Lepidoptera fauna of Dobrogea was studied by many Romanian

lepidopterists. After 1980 research became even more intense through the efforts of

a new generation of entomologists who turned Dobrogea into one of the best studied

regions of Romania from the point of view of the Lepidoptera fauna.

The uniqueness of the Lepidoptera assemblages from Dobrogea is mainly determined

by its geographic position, lying at the intersection of the faunal elements from Central

Nota lepidopterologica, 16.11.2009, ISSN 0342-7536

100 SZEKELY & DiNcA: Cucullia argentina and Saragossa porosa in Dobrogea - :

Ukraine

Bulgaria

Fig. 1. Map of Romania indicating the position of Dobrogea and the distribution of Cucullia argentina,

Saragossa porosa porosa and S. porosa kenderesiensis. &: New records of C. argentina and S. p. porosa:

Sarinasuf-Plopu, Tulcea county (this paper); @: S. p. porosa: Garboavele forest, Galati county (Olaru &

Nemes 1969); O: 1, 2 — S. p. kenderesiensis: the area Peciu Nou — Dinias — Cruceni — Giera, Timis county

(Rakosy 1996, Neumann 1997). 3 — Nadab, Arad county (Neumann 1997, me 4—ca.5 km N of Oradea,

Bihor county (Rakosy 1996).

a | ORES te a;

; af,

Meet

- vite: ue "

Nota lepid. 32 (2): 99-110 iO]

Fig. 3. Sarinasuf-Plopu (Tulcea county, northern Dobrogea) (26.vi1i1.2007). The Artemisia steppe is the

optimal habitat for Cucullia argentina and Saragossa porosa porosa. Photo L. Székely.

Fig. 4. Steppe area at Sarinasuf-Plopu (Tulcea county, northern Dobrogea), 27.viii.2008. Photo L. Szekely.

Europe, the west-asiatic steppes, Asia Minor and the east of the Balkan Peninsula.

Therefore, Dobrogea represents the western distributional limit for several Lepidoptera

taxa being characteristic for the south Ukrainian steppes, for example Megaspilates

mundataria (Stoll, 1782), (Geometridae), Cucullia biornata Fischer v. Waldheim, 1840,

Saragossa siccanorum (Staudinger, 1870) (Noctuidae).

102 SZEKELY & DincA: Cucullia argentina and Saragossa porosa in Dobrogea

On the other hand, several southern taxa typical of the Balkan Peninsula reach their

northern European distributional limit in Dobrogea, for example Lemonia balcanica

Herrich-Schaffer, 1847 (Lemoniidae), Asovia maeoticaria (Alphéraky, 1876) (Geome-

tridae), Polyphaenis subsericata Herrich-Schaffer, 1861, Episema korsakovi (Chris-

toph, 1885), Dichagyris melanura (Kollar, 1846).

According to the most recent publications (e.g. Rakosy & Székely 1996; Rakosy & Wieser .

2000; Székely 2006), Dobrogea has recorded almost 900 species of macrolepidoptera.

However, recent research (e.g. Dinca & Vila 2008; Székely & Dinca 2008; Dinca et al.

2009: present paper) continue to deliver valuable results including the discovery of new

taxa for Dobrogea and/or Romania, many of them of high zoogeographical significance

for the fauna of Europe. Such examples are Cucullia argentina (Fabricius, 1787) and

Saragossa porosa porosa (Eversmann, 1854), both reaching in Dobrogea their south-

western limit of distribution in Europe.

Material and methods

The steppes of northern Dobrogea were investigated during 2007—2008: 25-27 viii.

2007, 25-29.v.2008, 24—27.viii.2008, and 18—19.x.2008. The material was collected

using classical methods: a 125 W mercury vapor bulb placed in front of a white sheet

and powered by a portable gasoline generator. In addition, three to seven light traps

with 8 W white and black light tubes were used during each collecting event.

The collecting site lies on the north-eastern shore of Razelm lake, namely between the

villages of Plopu and Sarinasuf (Tulcea county, northern Dobrogea) (Fig. 2). The area has

a pronounced steppe character (Figs 3, 4) and the salty soil allows for the considerable

development of vegetation assemblages dominated by Artemisia (Asteraceae) (Fig. 3).

The steppe meadows are not used for agriculture and the vegetation is allowed to develop

to a certain extent due to extensive grazing by sheep, goats and cattle. These animals

avoid the Artemisia plants which grow freely in the area.

Results and discussion

Cucullia argentina (Fabricius, 1787)

Material. Romania: 30, Northern Dobrogea, Tulcea county, Sarinasuf-Plopu, 2 m, 24—27.viii eles

leg. & coll. L. Székely & I. Juhdsz.

Taxonomic notes. The argentina species group of Cucullia is characterized by Hoe sa

phologically similar species with entirely allopatric distributions. Although sometimes

considered only as geographic subspecies of the same taxon, the Palaearctic taxa in

__ the argentina group are generally recognized as distinct species: Cucullia argentina, Noa

, 5 Naa nokra Rungs, 1952, Cucullia bubaceki Kitt, 1925 and Cucullia biradiata’ ae

_ Kozhanchik eenee eB oskay,&.Roaksy 1994).

oe eo...

fi S. - *,-<

Pay he ~ a ioe

- is ; ' *s = ay “4:

cullia arg a was described set ahiicien based on material « 2 i

eT ae

€ uT 1b Wn

b equently. seV “ral subs deci na Ve Deen ¢

(ca sg

: — tm . hi et) che

4 = '

RE aR RRR Pata S

: j ; eS Spr ae Pe cag ‘

ne i =e

{ i

——- ©

Nota lepid. 32 (2): 99-110 103

Fig. 5. Male of Cucullia argentina, Sarinasuf-Plopu (Tulcea county, northern Dobrogea), 2 m, 24—27.viii.

2008. Photo L. Székely.

argentina such as: achalina Pungeler, 1900 (type locality Ashabad, Turkmenistan) and

grisescens Wagner, 1931 (type locality Aksehir, Turkey). The name grisescens Wagner,

1931 being preoccupied by Cucullia grisescens Leech, 1900, has been replaced by

anatoliensis Kogak, 1980 (Ronkay & Ronkay 1994). The subspecies anatoliensis

was subsequently treated as synonym of the nominotypical subspecies (Hacker 1990;

Ronkay & Ronkay 1994, 2006). Concerning the subspecies achalina, recent data suggest

that this is in fact a distinct species so that C. argentina appears in its nominotypical

_ subspecies throughout all its range (Laszlo Ronkay, pers. comm. 2009).

Considering Europe, C. argentina (Fig. 5) is similar in external appearance only to

Cucullia bubaceki Kitt, 1925. The two taxa are strongly allopatric, with the latter being

endemic to the Iberian Peninsula (Ronkay & Ronkay 1994).

Cucullia argentina is a small sized member of the genus, with a wing-span of 28—

36 mm (our specimens have a wing-span of 31—33 mm).

Distribution. Cucullia argentina is widely distributed in the steppe areas of the center

of the Palaearctic region (western and central Asia), but it usually appears in isolated

colonies scattered across its range. The species ranges from western Siberia (e.g.

Kurgansk, Omsk, Tomsk, Novosibirsk) (Zolotarenko & Dubatolov 2000), to central

Asia: Mongolia, eastern Kazakhstan (Dzharkent), Uzbekistan (e.g. Chimkent, Issyk-

Kul), western China (e.g. Kuldja, Tien-Shan, Altyn-Tagh) (Ronkay & Ronkay 1994,

2006; Wiesert 1998; Ivinskis & Miatleuski 1999; Kravchenko et al. 2005). The southern

limit of the distribution passes through Daghestan (Nikolaevitch & Vjatcheslavovna

2002), central Turkey, western Iran, Irak (Ronkay & Ronkay 1994) and Israel (El Rom —

the upper Golan Heights) (Kravchenko et al. 2005). Cucullia argentina reaches Europe

towards its western limit of distribution: the south of the Ural mountains (Nupponen

104 SZEKELY & DincA: Cucullia argentina and Saragossa porosa in Dobrogea

& Fibiger 2002), western Kazakhstan (Hacker & Miatleuski 2001), eastern (Lugansk)

and southern Ukraine (Kljuchko 2006; Kljuchko et al. 2006) including Crimea (Efetov

& Budashkin 1990), Slovakia and eastern Romania (the current records). The records

from Slovakia were for a long time considered as requiring confirmation (Ronkay

& Ronkay 1994). In the collections of the Hungarian National History Museum of

Budapest there is a specimen collected in eastern Slovakia (Presov) (labeled “Eperjes,

1914, leg. Issekutz”). The species was rediscovered in 1981 by Reiprich on the Plesivka

planina (Plesivec) (Ronkay & Ronkay 2006).

The population discovered by us in south-eastern Romania (northern Dobrogea) lies

at about 200 km from the nearest populations from southern Ukraine (area of Odessa)

(see the distribution map from Kljuchko 2006). The species was not listed in the latest

version of the Romanian Lepidoptera Catalogue (Rakosy et al. 2003) and is recorded

hereafter for the first time in the Romanian entomofauna. There is no confirmed record

of C. argentina from Bulgaria (S. Beshkov pers. comm.), so that the population from

northern Dobrogea currently represents the south-western range limit of this taxon in

Europe.

Biology and ecology. Cucullia argentina is a xerophilous species typical of the

Artemisia steppes and can be found from dry semi-desert lowlands (e.g. our collecting

locality is at 2 m above sea level) to arid mountain areas, up to 3000 m (Ronkay &

Ronkay 1994).

The adults fly during the night, the specimens from Dobrogea being collected at light

between 23:00 and 24:00.

With few exceptions (e.g. the Ural region), the species has two yearly broods (Ronkay

& Ronkay 1994, 2006) extending over April-May and July-August, according to

geographical position and local climate. In northern Dobrogea the moths most probably

fly during May and August. The larval development takes place during June—July

and September—October (Ronkay & Ronkay 1994). The adults overwinter as pupae

(Ronkay & Ronkay 2006).

The reported larval food plants are various species of Artemisia (Asteraceae) (Ronkay

& Ronkay 1994, 2006) among which A. campestris L. (Nupponen & Fibiger 2002;

Kljuchko 2006) and A. scoparia Waldst & Kit (Kljuchko 2006). Although in the area

of Sarinasuf-Plopu we observed high densities of Artemisia (Fig. 3), no larvae have yet

been found, and the larval food-plant of C. argentina in Romania is yet unknown. The

Artemisia plants could not be identified to species level because at the end of August

(when C. argentina was collected) they did not have any leaves, which are critical for

an exact determination.

Saragossa porosa porosa (Eversmann, 1854)

Material. Romania: 27¢ , 129, Northern Dobrogea, Tulcea county, Sarinasuf-Plopu, 2 m, 26. iii 2007,

— (18); 25-29.v.2008 (140, 89); 24-27 .viii.2008 (120, 4Q), leg. & coll. L. Székely & I. Juhagtag =

a fests

). The sis saroabnlerste Kovécs, j

ar. 7 ple : .w rai

ALE

Nota lepid. 32 (2): 99-110 105

Figs 6—7. Saragossa porosa porosa. 6. Male of Saragossa porosa porosa Sarinasuf-Plopu (Tulcea county,

northern Dobrogea), 26.v.2008. Photo L. Székely. 7. Holotype of Saragossa porosa kenderesiensis,

Kenderes (Hungary), 20.v.1964. In coll. Hungarian Natural History Museum. Photo L. Székely.

Fig. 8. Male genitalia of Saragossa porosa porosa, Sarinasuf-Plopu (Tulcea county), 24.viii.2008, prep.

genit. 765/Dinca.

(Kenderes) lying far from the rest of the eastern European and west Asiatic populations.

The taxonomic position of S. porosa changed repeatedly over time, the taxon being

included in the genera Orthosia Ochsenheimer, 1816, Hyssia Guenée, 1852, Sideridis

Hiibner, [1821] or Porosania Beck, 2000 (Hacker et al. 2002). The species was placed

within the genus Saragossa Staudinger, 1900 by Varga & Ronkay (1991) and Hacker

et al. (2002).

Considering Europe, S. porosa (Figs 6, 7) is similar to Hyssia cavernosa (Eversmann,

1842), but a careful examination of the forewing pattern (and male antenna) allows

for a safe separation. The two species can be easily separated based on both male and

female genitalia (see Hacker et al. 2002).

106 SZEKELY & DincA: Cucullia argentina and Saragossa porosa in Dobrogea

According to the original description, the subspecies kenderesiensis (Fig. 7) differs

from the nominotypical porosa through the darker and more brownish colour of

the forewings that lack the violet tones. The wing span was reported to be slightly

smaller in the case of S. p. kenderesiensis (19-33 mm) compared to S. p. porosa

(29-35 mm) (Kovacs 1968; Neumann 1997, 1998; Hacker et al. 2002; Kljuchko

2006). Our specimens have a wing span of 28-34 mm. All these data indicate that

there is considerable overlap between the wing-span of the two subspecies.

Besides morphological differences, Kovacs (1968) based his description of the sub-

species kenderesiensis on the disjunct distribution of S. porosa which at that time was

known to have eastern populations ranging only between the Volga and the Issyk-

Kul and western populations restricted to the Pannonian Great Plain (Kovacs 1968).

Subsequently, new populations were discovered that considerably diminished the

disjunction (see below under Distribution). It is also the case with the population

recorded here from northern Dobrogea. With the new data, the disjunction becomes

less pronounced, the current separation being of about 500 kilometers. Referring to the

diagnosis of S. p. kenderesiensis, Hacker et al. (2002) mentioned the relative status of

this subspecies that is only slightly differentiated from the nominotypical S. p. porosa.

The male genitalia (Fig. 8) are reported to display insignificant differences between

the two taxa (Hacker et al. 2002) (and see genitalia illustrations from Varga & Ronkay

1991; Rakosy 1996; Neumann 1997; Hacker et al. 2002).

The (1) slight wing pattern and size differences, (2) irrelevant distinction between

the male genitalia and (3) considerably diminished range disjunction may require

reconsideration of the status of the subspecies kenderesiensis. According to Laszl6

Ronkay, S. p. kenderesiensis should not be considered as a distinct subspecies (L. Ron-

kay, pers. comm. 2009).

Distribution. Saragossa porosa has a wide distribution roughly following the pres-

ence of the western Asian and eastern European saline flats and Artemisia steppes.

The nominotypical S. p. porosa is known from south-western Siberia (Novosibirsk)

(Zolotarenko & Dubatolov 2000), southern Urals (Nupponen & Fibiger 2002,

Ronkay & Ronkay 2006), Daghestan (Nikolaevitch & Vjatcheslavovna 2002, 2003),

Kazakhstan, Kirghisia, across the northern shores of the Caspian Sea to the Aral Sea

and the Issyk-Kul (Kyrgyzstan) (Hacker et al. 2002). In Europe, the species ranges

from western Kazakhstan (Hacker & Miatleuski 2001) to eastern Ukraine (Lugansk)

and southern Ukraine (Kljuchko 2006; Kljuchko et al. 2006).

The subspecies kenderesiensis seems to be endemic to the Pannonian Great Plain,

being described and known initially from Hungary (Kovacs 1968). More recently,

S. p. kenderesiensis was discovered in western Romania. The first specimen was |

collected in 1994 at ca. 5 km north of Oradea (Bihor county, Crisana) (Rakosy 1996)

and between 1995-1997 was found in a few other localities from western Romania

(Timis and Arad counties, Banat) (Neumann 1997, 1998) (Fig. 1).

_ Nevertheless, S. porosa was recorded for the first time from eastern Romania aa

_ “Orthosia porosa Ey.” (one male taken on July 7", Garboavele forest, a ounty)

sna Cord & nos 1969) — 1). The record was not accc yanie

Nota lepid. 32 (2): 99-110 107

status. Popescu-Gorj (1987) did not include the species in the list of the Romanian

Macrolepidoptera while Rakosy (1996) referred only to the records of the subspecies

kenderesiensis from western Romania. The latest version of the Romanian Lepidoptera

Catalogue (Rakosy et al. 2003) included the record of Olaru & Nemes (1969) and

commented that the population from Garboavele forest probably belongs to a different

subspecies. Given the geographical position of the collecting site, the specimen

collected by Olaru & Nemes (1969) most probably belongs to the nominotypical

subspecies. As a matter of fact, Garboavele forest is relatively near (ca. 100 km) to

our newly reported locality from northern Dobrogea (Sarinasuf-Plopu) (Fig. 1) and at

less than 200 km from the nearest records in Ukraine. The area Sarinasuf-Plopu itself

lies even nearer (about 150 km) to the Ukrainian records (area south-west of Odessa)

(see map in Kljuchko 2006).

Biology and ecology. Saragossa porosa is a halobiont xerothermophilous species

characteristic of steppe areas with Artemisia. According to Hacker et al. (2002), the

nominotypical S. p. porosa is univoltine (June—July), while S$. p. kenderesiensis is

bivoltine (April—May, end of July—beginning of September). Published data support

the bivoltine character of S. p. kenderésiensis (e.g. Rakosy 1996, Neumann 1997,

1998), but also indicate partial overlaps between broods (Neumann 1998). However,

the voltinism of S. p. porosa is not so clear. Several reported collecting dates from

the literature referring to S. p. porosa suggest that this taxon has a variable flight

period according to locality and might be bivoltine at least in some parts of its range

(possibly with short time separation or even partial overlap between broods). For

example, in low altitude areas (100—350 m) from the south of the Ural Mountains, S.

Pp. porosa was collected between the end of May, throughout June and until the end

of July (Nupponen & Fibiger 2002). It was also collected at the end of June at low

elevation (ca. 25 m) in western Kazakhstan (Dzhanibek) (Hacker & Miatleuski 2001)

and at the beginning of July in Daghestan (Mount Salatau, 1300 m) (Nikolaevitch &

_Vjatcheslavovna 2003).

According to our data, in Dobrogea it appears that the adults of S. porosa porosa

fly during May—June and August-September. Nevertheless, the collecting date (7" of

July) of the specimen reported by Olaru & Nemes (1969) from the Garboavele forest

suggests possible partial overlaps between broods as in the case of S. p. kenderesiensis.

This is probably due to late or early emerged adults of the first and second broods

respectively. According to some authors, the second brood is more abundant (Neumann

1997), although we could not observe this phenomenon in the case of the population

from northern Dobrogea where slightly more adults were collected during May.

The moths seem to be active all night as specimens were collected from dusk until

0300 in the morning.

The known larval food plants are Artemisia maritima L., A. pontica L. and Tanace-

tum sp. (Kovacs 1968, Nowacki 1998, Hacker et al. 2002, Ronkay & Ronkay 2006,

Klujchko 2006). Although no larvae of S. p. porosa have been found yet in the area

Sarinasuf-Plopu, they most likely feed on Artemisia (species unidentified for the same

reasons presented in the case of C. argentina), the plant being well represented at the

_ collecting site.

108 SZEKELY & DiNcA: Cucullia argentina and Saragossa porosa in Dobrogea

Conservation of the steppe area of Sarinasuf-Plopu (northern Dobrogea)

Besides the two species discussed above, several other eremic taxa were collected

in the steppe area of Sarinasuf-Plopu: Cucullia biornata Fischer v. Waldheim, 1840,

Cucullia scopariae Dorfmeister, 1853, Mycteroplus puniceago (Boisduval, 1840),

Lacanobia blenna (Hiibner, [1824]), Hadula stigmosa (Christoph, 1887), Saragossa

siccanorum (Staudinger, 1870), Gortyna cervago Eversmann, 1844, Ulochlaena

hirta Hiibner, [1813], Chelis maculosa mannerheimii (Duponchel, 1836), Microloxia

herbaria (Hiibner, [1813]), Narraga tessularia kasyi Moucha & Povolny, 1957, Dyscia

innocentaria (Christoph, 1885), Eupithecia biornata Christoph, 1867, and Eupithecia

variostrigata Alphéraky, 1878.

Many of these taxa are “rarities” in the Romanian entomofauna, often known based

on only few specimens, while at Sarinasuf-Plopu they could be often observed in large

numbers. Such examples are H. stigmosa, M. puniceago (30-50 specimens/night), and

N. tessularia kasyi (more than 100 specimens/night).

These records point to the value of the steppe areas of Sarinasuf-Plopu, which were until

now ignored by lepidopterists. Similar habitats where Artemisia is well represented are

sull to be found in several other parts of northern Dobrogea.

The main factor that could severely affect the investigated area is the ploughing of the

land for agricultural purposes. Nevertheless, following the communist period (1989)

intensive agricultural practices were much diminished and many areas were abandoned

and naturally transformed into secondary steppes. This might allow a temporary

recovery of the Lepidoptera fauna in open areas. Yet, the process risks being ephemeral

as the natural trend of habitat closure (usually by vegetation successions leading to

afforestation) might strongly affect such habitats in the medium and long term (Schmitt

& Rakosy 2007).

Another significant disturbing factor in the area of Sarinasuf-Plopu is the burning of

the vegetation over large areas. This method is still applied in the area, as even during

August 2008 several hectares of burned vegetation could be observed.

The steppe area of Sarinasuf-Plopu could (and our data strongly indicate that it should)

become a nature reserve with the mention that special attention should be paid to

management aspects. Extensive and controlled grazing should be allowed in the area to

maintain the steppe character and avoid habitat overgrowth by shrubs and trees.

Conclusions

The record of C. argentina from Sarinasuf-Plopu (Tulcea county) adds a new noctuid

species to the check list of the Romanian Heterocera.

Saragossa porosa porosa is recorded for the first time from Dobrogea (Sarinasuf-

Plopu) and for the second time in Romania, where it was known based on a single male.

The area of Sarinasuf-Plopu (the collecting site of both taxa) marks their south-western |

limit of distribution in Europe.

The slight external differences, irrelevant distinction between the male genitalia, and _

considerably diminished range disjunction between S. p. porosa and S. p. kenderesiensis és ;

7. 7 4 " (uae al

= + a rf — cael a = er

Nota lepid. 32 (2): 99-110 109

may require reconsideration of the status of the latter subspecies. Although insufficiently

studied from a lepidopterological point of view, the steppe areas of Dobrogea already

shelter many Lepidoptera taxa that are very localized in Romania and Europe.

Improving the knowledge of their natural capital and protecting such steppe areas is

mandatory given their particular species assemblages and the fragility of the habitats,

which are prone to various disturbances such as agriculture, excessive grazing, and

land burning.

Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Laszlo Ronkay (Hungary) and Stoyan Beshkov (Bulgaria) for comments on the man-

uscript. We thank to all the lepidopterist colleagues who accompanied L. Székely during the 2007-2008

field trips to Dobrogea: Istvan Juhasz (Sz6dliget, Hungary), Iuliu Szab6, Sorin Marius Stanciu, Robert

Gorbe (Romania), Peter Haneschlager and Harald Seylhofer (Austria). Special thanks to Istvan Juhasz for

the permission to examine valuable material collected by him in the area Sarinasuf-Plopu. We also thank

Constanti Stefanescu (Spain) for bibliographical input, Sylvain Cuvelier (Belgium) for writing the French

abstract and Lloreng Saez (Spain) for the examination of the Artemisia samples.

References

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Hacker, H. 1990. Die Noctuidae Vorderasiens (Lepidoptera). - Neue Entomologische Nachrichten 27,

Marktleuthen. 708 pp.

Hacker, H. & J. Miatleuski 2001. Noctuidae from the European part of Kazakhstan with first records of

seven species for the European fauna (Lepidoptera). — Esperiana 8: 811-824.

Hacker, H., Ronkay, L. & M. Hreblay 2002. Hadeninae I. Noctuidae Europaeae, vol. 4. — Entomological

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Lituanica 9 (1): 201-208.

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248 pp.

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Hadeninae. — Annales historico-naturales Musei nationalis hungarici 60: 227-238.

Kravchenko, V. D., Fibiger, M., Muller, G. & L. Ronkay 2005. The Cuculliinae of Israel (Lepidoptera:

Noctuidae). — SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterologia 33 (129): 83-95.

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Nota lepid. 32 (2): 111-112 11]

On the presence of Scythocentropus inquinata (Mabille, 1888)

(Noctuidae: Xyleninae) on the Iberian Peninsula, a first record

for continental Europe

ANTONIO S. Ortiz, JosE A. DE LA CALLE & JUAN JOSE GUERRERO

Departamento de Zoologia y Antropologia Fisica, Area de Biologia Animal, Universidad de Murcia.

Campus de Espinardo, Apartado 4021, E-30071 Murcia; aortiz@um.es

Scythocentropus inquinata (Mabille, 1888) was described from specimens collected in

Gabes (Tunisia). The species was originally placed in the genus Hadena Schrank, 1802.

Later, it was described again as S. ferrantei Draudt, 1911 from Cairo (Egypt) and as

S. mercedes Pinker, [1974] from a male collected at Las Mercedes on Tenerife Island.

Fibiger & Hacker (2007) reported three species of the genus in the European fauna:

Scythocentropus scripturosa (Eversmann, 1854) and S. misella (Piingeler, 1908), both

found in South Russia, and S. inquinata, collected in Malta.

According to Fibiger & Hacker (2007) Scythocentropus inquinata is one of the most

widespread South Palaearctic eremic noctuids, its range extending from Pakistan and

North India through the Arabian Peninsula and North Africa, to the Canary Islands.

This distribution corresponds to the Saharo-Sindian pattern.

The species inhabits desert and semi-desert environments and it is thought to have

a univoltine life cycle, flying from October to November, or to be bivoltine in some

localities, flying in March as well (Hacker & Schreier 2001). Other details of the life

cycle and food plant preferences are unknown.

Material: 10, [Spain] Monte El] Cambron, Cartagena, 30SXG6361, 250 m, 18.x.2008 (Carmelo Abad,

leg.). Deposited in the collection of the Department of Zoology and Physical Anthropology of Murcia

University (Spain).

The single male was collected in a natural protected area of Sierra de la Muela and Cabo

Tifioso, in the southeastern Iberian Peninsula, close to the city of Cartagena, in a coastal

mountainous landscape. This area is characterized by calcareous soils and has a termo-

mediterranean bioclimatic regimen. Arbustive and thorny vegetations characteristic of

arid and sub-arid ombroclima (named as murcian-almerian and mulyan distribution)

are predominant and are drought-deciduous during the summer dry period. This plant

association is known as Mayteno europaei-Periplocetum angustifoliae Rivas Goday

& Esteve in Rivas Godoy 1951 nom. inv. et corr. Rivas-Martinez 1975. Outstanding

species are Periploca angustifolia Labill. (Asclepiadaceae), Maytenus senegalensis

Lam. (Celastraceae), Clematis cirrhosa L. (Ranunculaceae), Arenaria montana L. (Ca-

ryophyllaceae), Chamaerops humilis L. (Palmae), Asparagus albus L. and A. acutifo-

lius L. (Liliaceae), Ephedra fragilis Desf. (Ephedraceae), Osyris quadripartita Salzm.

(Santalaceae), etc. (see Alcaraz et al. 1991; Peinado et al. 1992).

New studies in this area will be carried out to determine if Scythocentropus inguinata

_ isa recent arrival or migrant on the Iberian Peninsula.

Nota lepidopterologica, 16.11.2009, ISSN 0342-7536

Figs 1—2. Iberian specimen of Scythocentropus inquinata. 1. Adult. 2. Male genitalia.

Acknowledgements

Thanks are due to Carmelo Abad for his collecting efforts which resulted in new records for the species

list of the southeastern Iberian Peninsula. We thank also our colleagues Aquilino Albaldejo, Manuel Garre,

Rosa Maria Rubio, and Dr. José Serrano for their comments and suggestions.

References

Alcaraz, F., P. Sanchez-Gémez, A. de la Torre, S. Rios & J. Alvarez 1991. Datos sobre la vegetacion de

Murcia (Espana). — Diego Marin, Murcia. 162 pp.

Fibiger, M. & H. Hacker 2007. Amphipyrinae - Xyleninae. Noctuidae Europaeae, Volume 9. Entomological

Press, Sord. 410 pp.

Hacker, H. H. & H. P. Schreier 2001. Beitrag zur Noctuidenfauna Palastinas: Die Eulen der Klapperich-

Ausbeute aus Jordanien (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). — Esperiana 8: 399-420.

Peinado, M., F. Alcaraz & J. M. Martinez-Parras 1992. Vegetation of Southeastern Spain. — J. Kramer,

Berlin. 487 pp.

Nota lepid. 32 (2): 113-121 113

On the taxonomic history of Phyllocnistis Zeller, 1848

(Gracillariidae)

JURATE DE PRINS! & AkiITo Y. KAWAHARA 2

' Royal Museum for Central Africa, Leuvensesteenweg 13, B-3080 Tervuren, Belgium;

email: jurate.de.prins@africamuseum.be

* Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, 4112 Plant Sciences Building, College Park,

MD 20742 USA; email: kawahara@umd.edu

Abstract. For over 150 years, the proper taxonomic placement of Phyllocnistis Zeller has remained

largely uncertain. The genus shares morphological and life history traits with several different families of

Microlepidoptera, and these characteristics have made it challenging for microlepidopterists to correctly

place the genus. Phyllocnistis includes P. citrella Stainton, a globally important economic pest of citrus.

We review the taxonomic history of Phyllocnistis and provide a comprehensive list of references.

Introduction

The leaf-mining genus Phyllocnistis Zeller, 1848 is an example of a poorly studied

genus whose taxonomic placement has vacillated between many different families.

Eighty seven species of Phyllocnistis are described worldwide (De Prins & De Prins

2005, 2009), 36 from the Oriental region, 17 from Australasia, 15 from the Palaearctic,

and 12 each from the Nearctic and Neotropical regions. Only five are known to

occur in the Afrotropical region (De Prins & De Prins 2005, 2009). The distribution

of most species is restricted to one biogeographical region. However, five species

cross biogeographical boundaries: P. saligna (Zeller, 1839) occurs in the Palaearctic,

Afrotropical, and Oriental regions, P. selenopa Meyrick, 1915 in the Oriental and

Australian regions, P. toparcha Meyrick, 1918 in the Palaearctic and Oriental regions,

and P. vitegenella Clemens, 1859 has a Holarctic distribution. Phyllocnistis citrella

Stainton, 1856 has a cosmopolitan distribution. There are currently more than 800

publications on Phyllocnistis, most of which focus on the pest species Phyllocnistis

citrella (Fig. 1).

Phyllocnistis is very similar to the lyonetiid genus Leucoptera Hiibner, 1825 in

forewing pattern, but differs in having a smoothly-scaled head. Unlike most genera of

Gracillariidae, all larval feeding instars of Phyllocnistis are sap feeding, creating a long,

slender, serpentine, subepidermal mine, containing a dark median frass line deposited

under the leaf epidermis. There are no tissue-feeding instars, hence no granular frass,

but only three sap-feeding instars and one non-feeding, highly specialized, spinning

instar. The mine terminates in a slightly enlarged cavity, usually near the edge of the

leaf in which the last instar constructs a flimsy cocoon and pupates (Emmet 1985; Davis

1987, 1994: Davis & Robinson 1998; Parenti 2000). Phyllocnistis is very successful

in its ability to exploit a wide range of host plants as it feeds on 26 plant families

(Davis 1987; De Prins & De Prins 2009). Some species of Phyllocnistis (e.g., P. ci-

trella) are cosmopolitan, fast spreading pests, causing substantial economic damage

(Davis 1994; Heppner 1995; Heppner & Dixon 1995; Hoy 1996; Causton er al. 2006;

_ Jahnke et al. 2006, 2007). For the Species of Phyllocnistis can often be distinguished

Nota lepidopterologica, 16.11.2009, ISSN 0342-7536

114 De Prins & KAwanara: Taxonomic history of Phyllocnistis

Fig. 1. Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton. Italy, Piemonte, Asti, fraz. Valgera, 120 m, 2—15.11.2002, e.l. Citrus

sp.. leg. G. Baldizzone, coll. MHNG. Forewing length ca. 2 mm.

by pupal morphology (Kawahara et al. 2009). The present paper aims to summarize the

taxonomic history of Phyllocnistis.

Taxonomic history

Zeller (1848) described Phyllocnistis as a genus of “leaf-mining moths with eye

caps” placing it just after Lyonetia Hiibner, 1825 (Fig. 2). Soon thereafter, Herrich-

Schaffer (1853-1855) placed Phyllocnistis in Tineidae, together with many other

genera of small Lepidoptera. Stainton, in his lists (1854a—c, 1859), placed Phyllocnistis

in the family Lyonetidae [sic], and this was followed by Frey (1856) and Wocke

(1861, 1871). According to Stainton (1854a) the family Lyonetiidae contained five

genera: Bucculatrix Zeller, 1839, Cemiostoma Zeller, 1848, Lyonetia Hiibner, 1825,

Opostega Zeller, 1839, and Phyllocnistis Zeller, 1848. However, in his lecture of —

7 January 1856 to the Entomological Society of London, Stainton (1856) presented

*Phyllocnistis citrella Atkinson in litt.’ as a new species of Indian Microlepidoptera

feeding on Citrus. Stainton did not place this global economic pest into any of the then

recognized lepidopteran families. He only indicated that the new species was similar

to the Pr Phyllocnistis saligna (Zeller, 1839) and P. suffusella (Zeller, 1847).

| 361) added Phyllobrostis Staudinger, 1859 to the list of Lyonetidae

Oi, Some 1853. At about the same time, He Ti

115

113-121

Nota lepid. 32 (2)

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116 De Prins & Kawanara: Taxonomic history of Phyllocnistis

(1857) recognized Phyllocnistina as a separate group, which included three genera:

Bucculatrix, Cemiostoma, and Phyllocnistis. On the basis of wing venation, Clemens

(1859) transferred Phyllocnistis into Lithocolletidae, together with Leucanthiza Cle-

mens, 1859, Lithocolletis Hiibner, 1825, and Tischeria Zeller, 1839. Clemens (1859)

placed these four genera in Lithocolletidae, but noted that his classification was in

contrast to European authors who treated Leucanthiza and Tischeria as Lyonetidae

[sic]. Unfortunately, Clemens did not indicate who the European authors were.

Clemens also stated that he did not support the separation of these four genera into

distinct families. At that time Phyllocnistis was placed in Tineina, which included

many different genera of small moths (Clemens 1863; Zeller 1873, 1877; Chambers

1875; Frey & Boll 1876; van Deventer 1904). Stainton (1863) summarized the generic

characters of twenty genera of leaf-mining Lepidoptera. He placed Phyllocnistis in a

group with Bucculatrix Zeller, 1839, Cemiostoma Zeller, 1848, Lithocolletis Hiibner,

1825, Lyonetia Hiibner, 1825, and Nepticula Heyden, 1843. All these genera, except

Bucculatrix, have a mining larva and Lithocolletis and Phyllocnistis pupate within the

mine (Stainton 1863). Chambers (1871) noted that the larva of Phyllocnistis resembles

the young cylindrical larva of Lithocolletis in general appearance and compared

adult Phyllocnistis with the white species of Lithocolletis. In his work on Australian

Microlepidoptera, Meyrick (1880: 136) made an attempt to classify the species he was

describing and placed Phyllocnistis into Lyonetidae [sic], and stated “[Phyllocnistis|

appears by its quite smooth head and apodal larva to be an extreme development of

|Opostega and Cemiostoma]”. Heinemann & Wocke (1877) separated Phyllocnistidae

as a separate family and included three genera within: Phyllocnistis, Cemiostoma, and

Bucculatrix. |

Even at the turn of the century, the definition and placement of Phyllocnistis differed

among microlepidopterists. Noting similarities in early stages and habits of the

American species, Busck (1900) proposed to broaden the definition of Phyllocnistis. He

described P. intermediella Busck, 1900 from Florida, which has morphological features

that are somewhat different from the species that had previously been described in

the genus. Rebel (1901) allocated Phyllocnistis to the subfamily Phyllocnistinae along

with Bucculatrix Zeller, 1839, Cemiostoma Zeller, 1848, Opogona Zeller, 1853, and

Opostega Zeller, 1839, but placed Phyllocnistinae into family Lyonetiidae. Kirby

(1903) divided Lyonetiidae into two subfamilies: Lyonetiinae and Phyllocnistiinae

[sic]. Meyrick (1895) transferred Phyllocnistis to Tineidae and in 1906 he placed it

along with Epicnistis Meyrick, 1906, Exorectis Meyrick, 1906, Leucoptera Hiibner,

1825, Nepticula Heyden, 1843, and Setomorpha Zeller, 1852. Spuler (1910) recognized

three species of Phyllocnistis, P. suffusella Zeller, 1847, P. sorhageniella Liiders, 1900,

and P. saligna (Zeller, 1839) and placed the genus in its own family Phyllocnistidae.

Meyrick (1915a, b) continued to include Phyllocnistis in Lyonetiidae, which he spelled ©

in different ways (Meyrick 1915a, b, 1916, 1920, 1921a). Other authors also included =

Phyllocnistis in Lyonetiidae (e.g. Turner 1923; Braun 1925). Braun and Meyrick Jo

_ independen ly’ transferred Phyllocnistis from Lyonetiidae to Gracillariidae ‘i

u 19 ¢ iti Mey yrich pai? 2ee. b, 1935, 1936), and such a placement has since bee lel;

, =ptec poets eesen: 1991; meee sniichicwcnat 998). However

we + de =i oe \ a4 ey ” Ve

Nota lepid. 32 (2): 113-121 117

some authors have treated Phyllocnistis as a separate family until recently (Seksyaeva

1981; Emmet 1985; Kuznetzov & Stekolnikov 1987; Powell & Opler 2009).

Placement of Phyllocnistis within Phyllocnistinae

Most modern authors divide Gracillariidae into three subfamilies: Gracillariinae,

Lithocolletinae and Phyllocnistinae (Davis 1983; Davis & Miller 1984; Common 1990;

Davis & Robinson 1998; Kuznetzov & Baryshnikova 1998; Parenti 2000; Dall’ Asta er

al. 2001; Heppner 2004; De Prins & De Prins 2005). However, some other authors have

proposed to erect additional subfamilies: Oecophyllembiinae (Réal & Balachowsky

1966; Kumata 1998), Ornichinae (Kuznetzov & Stekolnikov 1987; misspelled as ‘Orni-

ginae’ (Kuznetzov & Baryshnikova 2001; Kuznetzov & Stekolnikov 2001), and Orni-

xolinae (Kuznetzov & Baryshnikova 2001). In the checklist of the Moths of America

North of Mexico, Davis (1983) included Phyllocnistis Zeller, 1848 and Metriochroa

Busck, 1900 in Phyllocnistinae, while Kuznetsov (1981) considered Metriochroa

Busck, 1900 belonging to Gracillariinae. Later Davis and Robinson (1998) included

Cryphiomystis Meyrick, 1922, Metriochroa Busck, 1900, Phyllocnistis Zeller, 1848

and Prophyllocnistis Davis, 1994 in Phyllocnistinae. Kumata (1998) then transferred all

but Phyllocnistis to Oecophyllembiinae based on hindwing venation and position of the

larval thoracic spiracles. In the classification and checklist of the Lepidoptera species

recorded in southern Africa, Vari et al. (2002) treated Oecophyllembiinae as a synonym

of Phyllocnistinae and included Cryphiomystis Meyrick, 1922, Metriochroa Busck,

1900 and Phyllocnistis Zeller, 1848 into Phyllocnistinae. De Prins & De Prins (2005,

2009) recognized seven genera in Phyllocnistinae: Angelabella Vargas & Parra, 2005,

Corythoxestis Meyrick, 1921b, Eumetriochroa Kumata, 1998, Guttigera Diakonoff,

1955, Metriochroa Busck, 1900, Phyllocnistis Zeller, 1848, and Prophyllocnistis Davis,

1994. It still remains largely uncertain whether these groups are monophyletic, and we

hope that future phylogenetic studies based on morphological and molecular characters

of Gracillariidae will shed light on the phylogenetic position of Phyllocnistis, and its

placement in the classification of Gracillariidae.

Acknowledgements

Donald R. Davis, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D-C..

is gratefully acknowledged for his continuous support and critical comments on this manuscript. We

express our sincere gratitude to the librarians Willem Ellis and Godard Tweehuysen, Library of the Dutch

! Although the publication of Braun (1927) preceded the publication of Meyrick (1928a), we consider

that both authors came to the conclusion to include Phyllocnistis into Gracillariidae independently and

at the same time. Braun (1927) published the description of Phyllocnistis finitima Braun, 1927, which

she placed into Gracillariidae. Meyrick (1928a) significantly revised his monumental monograph of

914 pages, which includes the identification keys of genera, species, illustrations of wing venation and

short species descriptions. He recognised six genera within Gracillariidae: Acrocercops Wallengren,

1881, Gracilaria [sic] Haworth, 1828, Lithocolletis Hiibner, 1825, Ornix Treitschke, 1833, Parectopa

Clemens, 1860, and Phyllocnistis Zeller, 1848. The preface of his revised handbook was written on

28" September 1927, the same year as the paper of Braun (1927) was published. We believe both lepi-

dopterists communicated with each other on the placement of Phyllocnistis.

118 De Prins & KAWAHARA: Taxonomic history of Phyllocnistis

Entomological Society at the Zoological Museum of Amsterdam University, for their help in searching

many of the bibliographical references. We cordially thank Sergey Sinev, Zoological Institute of the Russian

Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, for helping us to locate the publication of Zeller (1853). Bernard

Landry, Museum d’histoire naturelle, Geneva, is thanked for his photograph of a Phyllocnistis citrella that

was provided by Paolo Triberti, Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Verona. We very much thank Willy De

Prins, Zoological Museum of Amsterdam University, for sharing his passion and knowledge in finding

old books and catalogues on Lepidoptera. The Belgian Science Policy Office is kindly acknowledged for

granting contract MO/37/011.

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Nota lepid. 32 (2): 123-127 DS,

Whittleia retiella (Newman, 1847) (Psychidae) from the salt

marshes of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, with descriptive and

life-history notes

CorRINNA RICKERT!, HARTMUT RowEck ! & THOMAS SoBczyK 2

| Okologie-Zentrum der Universitat Kiel, Abteilung Landschaftsdkologie, Olshausenstrafe 75,

D-24188 Kiel, Germany; e-mail: crickert@ecology.uni-kiel.de (corresponding author):

hroweck @ecology.uni-kiel.de.

* Diesterwegstrafbe 28, D-02977 Hoyerswerda, Germany; e-mail: ThomasSobczyk @aol.com

Abstract. In 2007 new localities for Whittleia retiella (Newman, 1847) were found in the salt marshes

of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. Known only from a few old records this psychid moth was considered

to be a very rare resident of the salt marshes in Germany, although occurring in the neighbouring states.

During 2007—2009 it was found in several locations in great abundance although the flight period was

very short. The classification as a very rare species (R) according to the Red list of threatened animals in

Germany (Binot et al. 1998) should be upheld due to the rarity of suitable habitats.

Zusammenfassung. Whittleia retiella (Newman, !847) konnte 2007 erstmals wieder in den Salzwiesen

Schleswig-Holsteins nachgewiesen werden. Die Psychide wurde aufgrund einiger weniger alter Nachweise

bisher als auf den Salzwiesen Deutschlands sehr selten vorkommend eingestuft, obwohl sie regelmafig in

den Nachbarstaaten nachgewiesen werden konnte. An mehreren Stellen an der Schleswig-Holsteinischen

Kiiste wurde in den Jahren 2007—2009 wahrend einer kurzen Periode eine grofe Anzahl an Individuen

notiert. Die Einstufung in der Rote Liste der gefahrdeten Tiere Deutschlands (Binot et al. 1998) in der

Kategorie R sollte aufgrund des auf kiistennahe Standorte begrenzten Vorkommens aufrechterhalten

werden.

Introduction

Salt marshes in the Wadden sea area extend along the coastline from Esbjerg in Denmark

to Den Helder in the Netherlands and form a natural boundary between the sea and the

mainland. Plants as well as animals of the salt marshes are exposed to extreme living

conditions due to tides, storms, and at times extreme solar radiation, which can result

in high salt concentrations. The salt marshes of the Wadden Sea area offer a habitat to

many insect species, but there are few studies of the insect fauna of marine salt marshes

(Foster 2000). The Microlepidoptera are represented by about 40 halobiotic and some

widespread species. Whittleia retiella is the only known European halobiotic psychid

moth occurring in salt marshes, mostly feeding on Puccinellia maritima (Huds.) Parl.

(Hattenschwiler 1985). In Denmark there are some inland localities in grassland eco-

systems or heaths mostly close to the coast but without Puccinellia maritima (Huds.)

Parl. and Hoffmeyer (1960) stated that this species should be found on sandy soils all

over Jutland, but so far it has only been found in a few localities in East and North

, Jutland. The species is known from salt marshes of Great Britain, France, Belgium, The

Netherlands, Denmark, and South Sweden, and with only older records from Germany.

Description and Life History

The species was named with the very brief description “Mr. Ingall has captured a small

_ Psyche with beautifully mottled wings. It is very different from the known British

Nota lepidopterologica, 16.11.2009, ISSN 0342-7536

124 RIcKERT et al.: Whittleia retiella in salt marshes of Schleswig-Holstein

species, but in some degree resembles Psyche undulella on the continent: it is proposed

to call the new species Psyche retiella.” (Newman 1847). Newman (1850) later gave a

more detailed description of the moth under the name reticella, which now is considered

a misspelling. Tutt (1900) included the taxon in Whittleia as W. retiella (Nye & Fletcher

1991). It has also been known as Epichnopteryx retiella.

The males of W. retiella have a forewing length of only 4-5 mm and are the smallest

member of the genus Whittleia. The fore- and hindwings are strongly rounded, being

whitish with a pattern of dark grey with hair like scales. The antennae have 12-14

segments and are bipectinate, the pectinations without scales (Hattenschwiler 1985)

(Fig. 1). Females are wingless with rudimentary legs and absent antennae (Fig. 2) and

remain in the case until after oviposition. The case 1s attached to grass, has a size of 4-6

mm with pieces of dried grass fixed to the case (Fig. 3).

The males fly in the sunshine on warm and windless days around noon and close to

the food plant. While male larval cases are often found close to the ground, the cases

of female moths are attached close to the middle of the blade of grass. The male moths

are attracted by the female pheromones and fertilisation takes place while females are

still in the case; they leave the case after oviposition. It is one of the earliest moths in

the salt marsh. In the literature a flight period from late May to early June is mentioned

(Hattenschwiler 1985), but a flight period from late April and early May is recorded

from The Netherlands (Friesland) and Denmark (Hoffmeyer 1960; Jansen 2005; Kaaber

1982).

The citation of subspecies cimbriella by Wolf (1949) is incorrect. Wolf cited ssp.

cimbriella Rebel, 1938 as described in 1933 from Denmark and Schleswig. Rebel

(1938) described the specimens found in Denmark (Jutland) as subspecies cimbriella,

Stating that the wingspan of the male continental specimens is smaller (7.5 mm) than

that of specimens from Great Britain (8.5 mm) and that the markings on the wing

were supposed to be rather blackish grey and less distinct when compared to the dark

brownish weblike markings on British specimens. The female specimens are also

supposed to be shorter (4 mm) and rather light honey brown compared to the specimens

from Great Britain, which have a length of 5 mm and have a darker head. Examination

of the large series of specimens (109 C and 27 Q) from the coast of Schleswig-Holstein

suggests that this differentiation cannot be sustained. Males show a variation in size

between 7 and 9.5 mm with a mean of 8.6 mm + 0.49 mm as well as a variation in

colour from dark grey to rather brownish black. The length of the females ranges from

3 to 4.6 mm with a mean of 3.8 mm + 0.4 mm and they have a light honey coloured

body with a darker head and slightly darker shades on the back. A possible explanation

for the distinction of subspecies cimbriella made by Rebel (1938) might be the lack .

of available wild-caught specimens as he used mostly specimens bred from larvae for

his description. However, when comparing newly bred specimens with wild-caught __

specimens from the same salt marshes on the west coast of Schleswig-Holstein no

_ differences in size could be detected. The distinction of subspecies eel thus ‘aa

A) EET:

ian 3 pecs

7 eae van

o — 2

poe

Nota lepid. 32 (2): 123-127 125

Figs 1-5. Whittleia retiella (Newman, 1847). 1. Male specimen,

caught on 1 May 2007 on the Eiderstedt peninsula (Photo by

Mona Dahmen). 2. Apterous female specimen, bred on 6 May

2008 from a larval case found on the Eiderstedt peninsula on

the 24" of April 2008. 3. Larval case of a grown pupa, found

at the end of April 2008 in the salt marshes of Westerhever.

5 4. Larval case of a young larva. 5. Larva without case.

already had constructed a case which resembled those of fully grown larvae but without

attached pieces of grass (Fig. 4) and measured only 2 mm. The larva itself measured

1.7 mm and had a creamy white to yellowish colour with a black head and a blackish

brown anal plate (Fig. 5).

Occurrence in Germany

A first record of W. retiella was made by O. Meder in the end of May 1929 close to

Bredstedt near Husum in the remnants of the Bredstedt Heath (Meder 1930). Meder

also mentions specimens recorded by Dr. Trautmann from the vicinities of Flensbourg,

supposedly from 1913. In 1934 Wolf collected further specimens in the Kolker Heide

near Husum and stated that the species should be widespread in the heathlands of

Schleswig-Holstein, but was probably overlooked because of its small size (Wolf 1949).

H. Wegener found another specimen in the collection of Rill (situated in the Zoological

Institute and Museum of Hamburg) caught on 7.V.1959. There are few recent records,

but Sobezyk (in Gaedicke & Heinicke 1999) suggested the possible occurrence of the

species in Germany since records from Denmark close to the German border were

known (Kaaber 1982). Probably because of the scarcity of records generally and no

126 Rickert et al.: Whittleia retiella in salt marshes of Schleswig-Holstein

ote:

es i=.

we wate qlee tote

SDistesass-T

_eangayeesett®

a ¥ ei ,

M Le tet we wt } bates

3 g LI IMIL NS

Be eae Saami Va

Fig. 6. Attraction experiment with two bred females of Whittleia retiella (Newman, 1847) close to Bred-

stedt on 5 May 2008.

further records in Germany, W. retiella was declared a very rare species in the Red list

of threatened animals in Germany (Binot et al. 1998). The species is not mentioned for

Germany in Karsholt & Razowski (1996).

From the I" to the 5" of May 2007 more than 200 males of W. retiella were found

on the salt marshes of Westerhever; on the 2" of May specimens were also found at

the Hamburger Hallig. All specimens were sitting on the tips of blades of Puccinellia

maritima (Huds.) Parl. or flying close to the ground in the sunshine around noon.

Although a search was also conducted before the 1*' of May and after the 5" of May, no

further specimens could be found. Peak emergence seems to occur during a short period

of warm, sunny, and windless days in May after a longer period of warm spring weather.

Though they are not easy to detect, at the end of April 2008 and 2009 numerous larval

cases were found in the salt marshes of Westerhever and on the Hamburger Hallig with

several females (Fig. 2) and a few male specimens emerging. On the 5" of May 2008

and again in the beginning of May 2009 hundreds of male specimens could be seen

flying and were easily attracted to females sitting in a large cage (Fig. 6).

This short and specific flight period might also explain the lack of earlier records, since

most collectors might have been simply searching in the wrong period, especially since

the literature mentions a flying period from late May to early June (Hattenschwiler

1985). while in the years of 2007 to 2009 the only specimens found were already flying

in the first days of May. Despite the recent recording of numerous specimens of this

Nota lepid. 32 (2): 123-127 {27

psychid moth, the classification as a very rare species (R) for Germany is recommended

on the basis of its restriction to threatened coastal habitats.

Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Dr. Nikolay Savenkov for his help setting the collected material, to Mona Dahmen, who

took the photograph shown as Fig.1 and to K. Sattler for his assistance with references.

References

Binot, M.,R. Bless, P. Boye, H. Gruttke, & P. (Hrsg.) Pretscher 1998. Rote Liste gefahrdeter Tiere Deutsch-

lands (Bundesamt fiir Naturschutz).—Schriftenreihe fiir Landschaftspflege und Naturschutz 55: 1-434.

Foster, W. A. 2000. Coping with the tides: adaptations of insects and arachnids from British saltmarshes.

Pp. 203-221. -— In: Sherwood, B. R., B.G. Gardiner & T. Harris (eds), British saltmarshes. — Tresaith,

Forrest Text.

Gaedike, R. & W. Heinicke (eds) 1999. Verzeichnis der Schmetterlinge Deutschlands (Entomofauna Ger-

manica 3). — Entomologische Nachrichten und Berichte, Beiheft 5, 216 pp.

Hattenschwiler, P. 1985. Psychidae. Pp. 128-151. — In: Heath, J. & A. M. Emmet (eds), The moths and

butterflies of Great Britain and Ireland, Volume.Z, Cossidae — Heliodinidae.— Harley Books, Colchester.

Hoffmeyer, S. 1960. De Danske Spindere. — Universitetsforlaget, Aarhus. 270 pp.

Jansen, M. 2005. The Lepidoptera fauna of three brackish salt marshes including two new species for the

Belgian fauna (Lepidoptera). — Phegea 33 (2): 59-68.

Kaaber, S: 1982. De danske svzeermere og spindere. Geografisk udbredelse og fluktuationer 1850-1980. —

Dansk faunistisk Bibliotek 3: 132 pp.

Karsholt, O. & J. Razowski 1996. The Lepidoptera of Europe, A distributional Checklist. — Apollo Books,

Stenstrup. 380 pp.

Kuchlein, H. J. & R. de Vos 2000. Digitale en beknopte naamlijst van de Nederlandse Vlinders. — www.

natuurbeheer.nu/media/File/Kopie%20van%20naamlijst.pdf

Meder, O. 1930. Epichnopteryx retiella (NEwM. (Lep. Psych.) in Schleswig-Holstein. — Entomologische

Zeitschrift Guben 10: 129-131.

Newman, E. 1847. Capture of a new Psyche. — Zoologist 5: 1863.

Newman, E. 1850. Description of a Lepidopterous Insect of the Genus Psyche, recently discovered in

Britain. — Zoologist 8: 94-95.

Nye, I. W. B. & D. S. Fletcher 1991. The Generic Names of Moths of the World. Volume 6. Microlepido-

ptera. — Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London. 368 pp.

Rebel, H. 1938. Mitteilungen iiber Canephorinen und iiber Solenobia triglavensis Rbl. — Zeitschrift des

Osterreichischen Entomologen-Vereines 23: 77-81.

Tutt, J. W. 1900. Natural History of the British Lepidoptera. Vol. Il: 102434. — Sonnenschein & Co..

London

Wolf, W. 1949. Seltene und bemerkenswerte GroBschmetterlinge vom Festlande Nordfrieslands. — Mit-

teilungen der Faunistischen Arbeitsgemeinschaft fiir Schleswig-Holstein, Hamburg und Liibeck, NF

(Jahrgang IT) 9/10: 100.

Note

A recently published paper by Heinicke & Wegener (2009) provides data on recent records of Whitt-

leia retiella in Lower Saxony.

Reference

Heinicke, C. & H. Wegener 2009. Aktueller Nachweis von Whittleia retiella (Newman, 1847) in

Niedersachsen (Lep., Psychidae). — Melanargia 21: 131-132.

128 : Book review

Efetov, K. A. & Tarmann, G. M. 2008. Chrysartona Swinhoe, 1892 (Lepidoptera: Zygae-

nidae, Procridinae). — Crimean State Medical University Press, Simferopol. — 116 pp,

frontispiece, 22 plates (4 in colour). Size 265 x 175 mm. Hardcover (ISBN 966-2969-18-7).

Price: 40.00 € (incl. postage). Obtainable via G. M. Tarmann, Tiroler Landesmuseen Betriebs-

gesellschaft m.b.H., FeldstraBe 11a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.

The fifth volume of a series of books on Zygaenidae, published by Prof. K. A. Efetov and co-

authors and printed by the Crimean State Medical University, deals with the little known south-

east Asian genus Chrysartona. Most of the species are very similar externally but well separated

in genitalia structures. As a result, several new species have only recently been described and

the book provides a complete overview of all taxa. A short introduction is followed by a generic

description, a checklist which includes three subgenera, 14 species and five subspecies, and a

key to all taxa. Further chapters deal with hitherto insufficiently studied type specimens and

— of major importance — give a full taxonomic treatment of all nominal taxa. High quality

plates with line drawings of male and female genitalia, photographs of adult moths and pin-

labels, including all primary types, and 23 excellent colour drawings of adults of all species

and subspecies, executed by N. Y. Dyadenko and K. A. Efetov, are indispensable for a safe

identification. Finally two colour plates depict eight well known Scientists to whom subgenera

or species of Chrysartona have been dedicated. A reference list with 30 titles and two indices

complete the book. As with other parts in this series, the book is well produced on high quality

paper and bound in hard covers. = 3

The authors, and particularly Prof. Efetov from Simferopol are to be congratulated for their

repeated contributions to the taxonomy and biology of Zygaenidae which are all of the highest

scientific standard. This most diligent research work spanning several years, and consistent high-

quality publications greatly assist in the engagement of young amateurs and professionals in

Zygaenidology. The review of Chrysartona is such an example which, despite of some repetition

from earlier works, is not only most valuable for all colleagues dealing with Zyganeidae but also

of interest for lepidopterist in general.

PETER HUEMER

eee

Ae rehitial

Nota lepid. 32 (2): 129-138 129

Micropterix of Cyprus and the Middle East (Micropterigidae)

H. Curistor ZELLER-LUKASHORT!, MICHAEL A. Kurz”, Davin C. Lees?4 &

RACHELI SCHWARTZ- T'ZACHOR >?

' Forsthubfeld 14, 5303 Thalgau, Austria, e-mail: christof.zeller@gmx.net

; Reischenbachweg 2, 5400 Hallein-Rif, Austria, e-mail: michael.kurz@gmx.at

; Department of Entomology, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD. U. K.

* Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UR0633 Zoologie Forestiére, F-45075 Orléans,

France, e-mail: dclees@ gmail.com

> Ramat-Hanadiv, P.O. Box 5089 Zichron Yaacov 30900 Israel, e-mail: racheli22@013.net

Abstract. All known species of the genus Micropterix Hiibner, 1825 (Micropterigidae) from Cyprus

(Micropterix cypriensis Heath, 1985) and the Middle East (Israel, Lebanon: Micropterix berytella

de Joannis, 1886, Micropterix elegans Stainton, 1867 and Micropterix islamella Amsel, 1935) are

treated. The male genitalia of Micropterix islamella Amsel, 1935 are illustrated for the first time. The

association of two Micropterix species with Cyclamen persicum Mill. (Myrsinaceae) is detailed. Adults

and male genitalia of all species are illustrated, showing the habitus of all species in their natural

environment.

Introduction

Here we treat the four species of the Palaearctic genus Micropterix of Cyprus and the

Middle East: Micropterix berytella de Joannis, 1886, Micropterix cypriensis Heath,

1985, Micropterix elegans Stainton, 1867 and Micropterix islamella Amsel, 1935.

All species are figured in colour (also in their natural environment), and their male

genitalia are illustrated. Our focus in this paper is on the aspects of the species most

useful for identification, namely wing colour patterns and male genital morphology.

Besides this, we also provide details of the pollination of Cyclamen (Myrsinaceae)

by Micropterix species, demonstrated in a previous experiment by Schwartz-Tzachor

(1998).

In this paper we build on the previous important identification treatments by Heath

(1987), Kozlov (1989, 1990a, b) and Zeller et al. (2007). Two of the species (M. octo-

punctella Amsel 1935, considered by Heath and here to be a synonym of M. elegans,

and M. islamella) were redescribed by Kozlov (1988), who reexamined some of

Amsel’s types. We update all these treatments here.

Material and methods

The examined material was mainly collected by the authors, provided by others

and investigated in different museums. For more information about collecting sites,

preparation techniques and data archive see Zeller et al. (2007). For generating maps we

used DIVA-GIS, a free computer program for mapping and geographic data analysis.

We also inspected the unpublished manuscripts of John Heath at BMNH to extract

relevant data, particularly for forewing length and to augment the distributional

data.

Nota lepidopterologica, 16.11.2009, ISSN 0342-7536

onwards, interrupted beyond the middle; a very narrow, slightly inwardly oblique 2

130 ZELLER-LUKASHORT et al.: Micropterix of Cyprus and the Middle East

Abbreviations

BMNH_ British Museum of Natural History, London

MNHN_ Muséum national d’ Histoire naturelle, Paris

NHRS _ Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm

UMB Ubersee-Museum, Bremen, Germany

SMNK _ Staatliches Museum fiir Naturkunde, Karlsruhe

Ecology

We observed frequent visits of the moths M. berytella and M. elegans to the underneath

of Cyclamen flowers. In closeup observations, we found that the moths appeared to

eat pollen grains from the flowers, to mate on them, and to take shelter inside the

flowers from rain and on cold nights. Schwartz-Tzachor (1998) tested the pollination

efficiency of both Micropterix species on Cyclamen persicum and found that the moths

successfully pollinated the flowers and significantly raised the percentage of fruit set.

In addition, the moths appeared approximately three weeks after the beginning of

flowering in the synanthous C. persicum population, and accompanied the flowering

throughout the season (Schwartz-Tzachor et al. 2006).

Taxonomic treatment

Micropterix berytella de Joannis, 1886

Micropteryx berytella de Joannis, 1886: 183, pl. 6 fig. 5. Type locality: Beirut, Lebanon. Syntype: in coll.

MNHN.

Material. 50,19, Israel, Haifa, Montfort, 180-300 m, 28.2.2006, leg. Hausenblas/Zeller; 70, 29,

Israel, Zichron Yaacov, Ramat Hanadiv, 125 m, 24.—-25.2.2006, leg. Hausenblas/Zeller; 20’, Israel, Haifa,

Abu Sennan, Asherat, 80 m, 28.2.2006, leg. Hausenblas/Zeller: 29, Israel, En Hemed, 100 m, 1.5.1998,

leg. Hausenblas; 20°, 19, Lebanon, Beirut, 10.3.1961, leg. Vartian.

Description of adults. (Figs 6,7). Forewing length: 0 27-3 mm; 9 2,9-3,6 mm. Head

black-brown, vestiture of hair-like scales on the head dirty white to yellow; antennae

dark brown, bronze golden shining, 3/4 (@), slightly more than 1/2 (Q) respectively of

forewing length; thorax bronze golden, posteriorly with single purple scales; tegulae

whitish golden to golden, posteriorly with purple scales; forewings bronzy golden to |

coppery, reddish golden along costa and outer margin, with silvery white markings; a

narrow fascia across the whole wing width at 1/5; a narrow, outwardly bent, sometimes _ ~

interrupted fascia across the whole wing width at nearly 1/2; sometimes a small costal ~

spot at 2/3; at 3/4 a narrow fascia across the whole wing width, broadening from costa _ ;

Sram from costa to the outer a baat iors frais sometimes missi

Nota lepid. 32 (2): 129-138

- wa

- 4

tno! “

if Pa a ee”

Figs 1-5. Habitat and Micropterix species in their natural environment. 1. Habitat of M. berytella and

M. elegans with Cyclamen persicum (photo by Zeller 2006). 2. M. berytella feeding on pollen of C. persicum

(photo by Schwartz-Tzachor 2006). 3. M. cypriensis feeding on pollen of Dactylorhiza romana (photo by

Thoma 2004). 4. M. elegans feeding on pollen of Cistus salviifolius (photo by Schwartz-Tzachor 2009).

5. M. islamella feeding on pollen of Mercurialis annua (photo by Schwartz-Tzachor 2006).

132 ZELLER-LUKASHORT et al.: Micropterix of Cyprus and the Middle East

S Genitalia. (Fig. 11). Uncus moderately long and slender, with a spatulate tip;

accessory claspers sledge-shaped and relatively large, weakly sclerotized with about

ten moderately long and straight, stout and thickened setae at the ventral margin;

additionally, beyond the accessory claspers two club-shaped lobes, with only one fairly

long, stout and thickened seta; valve moderately long, slender, distinctly constricted

beyond the middle; its distal third spoon-like enlarged and distinctly bent upwards;

valve postbasally with three fairly long and stout setae at the inner surface, distal third

with one or two rows of shorter, stout and thickened setae, as well as some longer setae.

Diagnosis. M. cypriensis has similar wing patterns, but it is distributed allopatrically,

endemic to Cyprus. In Israel, the fourth fascia at the outer forewing margin of M.

berytella is often missing. M. berytella specimens with interrupted fascia at 1/2 can

be confused with M. elegans: M. berytella usually exhibits a fine, elongated fascia at

1/2, and therefore the vestiges of this fascia are more elongated and finer than those of

M. elegans, which has. more rounded spots at 1/2. For reliable identification, genitalic

examination is needed.

Life history. M. berytella was found mainly on Cyclamen persicum (Figs 1, 2) and

also on Cistus salviifolius L. (Cistaceae), feeding on pollen. This species inhabits the

Mediterranean forest types “garrigue” and “batha”, occurring sometimes syntopically

with M. elegans. According to de Joannis (1888), the specimens investigated by him

were found on bushes. The adults appear between January and April.

Distribution. Lebanon (Ghazir, Aley and near Beirut), Israel (northern Israel and

Mount Carmel) (de Joannis 1886, 1888; Kurz et al. 2000-2009; Heath, unpublished

manuscript) (Fig. 15).

Micropterix cypriensis Heath, 1985

Micropterix cypriensis Heath, 1985: 338-340. Type locality: Cyprus, Limassol, Yermasoyle. Holotype @:

in coll. NHRS.

Material. 50, 289, Cyprus, near Paphos, 26.3-2.4.1995, leg. Wimmer; 10, 39, Cyprus, Trodos

mountains, Platres, 1200m, 8.5.1994, leg. Wimmer; 7 specimens, Cyprus, Akamas, Smigies, March 2004,

observed by Thoma (see Fig. 3).

Description of adults. (Fig. 8). Forewing length: 6 2,5-3,6 mm; 9 2,8-4,0 mm. Head

dark brown, vestiture of hair-like scales on the head dirty to rusty yellow; antennae

dark brown, bronzy golden shining, 4/5 (&), slightly more than 1/2 (Q) respectively of

forewing length. thorax and tegulae bronzy golden, reddish to purple distad, proximad

sometimes also silvery; forewings bronzy golden to reddish bronzy golden, purple to —

purple-violet at the apex and along the costal and outer margin (along the costa often

only distad); forewings with silvery markings; near 1/4, a slender and straight fascia; .

a slender fascia at 1/2, slightly bent outwards; an elongated spot at 3/4 at the costal

margin extending across the half wing width; near the apex, two small spots at the

_ costal margin and at the outer margin, the posterior spot often larger and so

se with the deer: i thus Se a fourth fascia aN one as he

“ 4

i, a

we -_ _ es

sia ’ :

Nota lepid. 32 (2): 129-138 133

Rigs 6-10. Adults. 6. M. berytella S.7. M. berytella 9.8. M. cypriensis 9.9. M. elegans @. 10. M. isla-

mella o.

golden, purple at its basis, whitish outwards; hindwings bronzy golden, especially api-

cally with a strong purple tinge; fringe bronzy golden, lighter outwards; legs and ab-

domen brown, bronzy golden shining.

SC Genitalia (Fig. 12). Uncus moderately long, flattened, broadened at its tip; tegu-

men slender; accessory claspers tennis racket-like shaped with a posterior row and an

irregular group of short, stout and thickened setae at the inner surface; additionally,

beyond the accessory claspers two large, irregular, weakly sclerotized and folded lobes

with sharp edged tips and some irregular, stout and thickened setae; valves moderately

long, distinctly constricted in the middle, spatulate at the tips; postbasally a small group

of short setae at the inner surface, the spatulate end with an irregular row of moderately

long, stout and thickened setae at the inner surface.

134 ZELLER-LUKASHORT et al.: Micropterix of Cyprus and the Middle East

Diagnosis. M. cypriensis is the only species of this genus known from Cyprus.

Life history. M. cypriensis was found on Dactylorhiza romana (Seb.) (Orchidaceae)

(Fig. 3). This species has been found in the margins of sparse pine forest with broom,

Cistus and Pistacia lentiscus L. (Anacardiaceae) (Richard Thoma, pers. comm). The

adults were found in March.

Distribution. Southern and western Cyprus (Troodos Mountains) (Heath 1996;

Karsholt et al. 2004; Kurz et al. 2000-2009) (Fig. 16).

Micropterix elegans Stainton, 1867

Micropteryx elegans Stainton, 1867: 42. Type locality: “Hunen, Palestine” [?Wadi Hunayn, near Jerusalem,

Israel]. Holotype @: in coll. BMNH.

Micropteryx octopunctella Amsel, 1935: 276. Type locality: “Tabgha, See Genezareth” [Lake Tiberias,

Israel]. Junior subjective synonym.

Material. 90, 5Q, Israel, Zichron Yaacov, Ramat Hanadiv, 125m, 24.—25.2.2006, leg. Hausen-

blas/Zeller: 10, 1Q Israel, Zichron Yaacov, Fureidis, 30 m, 2.3.2006, leg. Hausenblas/Zeller; 40,

1Q Israel, En Hemed, 100m, 1.5.1998, leg. Hausenblas; 79 Israel, Adamit, 200 m, 29.4.1998, ice:

Hausenblas.

Description of adults. (Fig. 9). Forewing length: 6 2,5—3,1 mm, 9 2,7—3,3 mm. Head

dark brown, vestiture of hair-like scales on the head dirty to brownish yellow; antennae

dark brown, bronzy golden shining, 4/5 (@), slightly more than 1/2 (Q) respectively of

forewing length; thorax bronzy golden, tegulae silvery, bronzy golden distad; forewings

bronzy golden, more or less reddish along costa and outer margin with silvery white,

sometimes diffuse markings; at 1/5 an irregular diffuse spot in the middle of the wing,

sometimes enlarged to a complete narrow fascia across the whole wing width; at 1/2,

two spots at costa and inner margin each, not precisely opposite to each other; at 3/4,

an inwardly oblique spot from costa to the middle of the wing; fringe bronzy golden,

purple at the base, whitish outwards; hindwings bronzy golden, especially at the apex

with a purple tinge; fringe bronzy golden, outwards brighter; abdomen and legs brown,

golden shining.

S Genitalia. (Fig. 13). Uncus moderately long, slender, tip broadly rounded; acces-_

sory claspers relatively long and slender; near their tips three strongly modified, stout

and thickened setae at the inner surface; about eight moderately long, more or less bent,

stout and thickened setae at the anterior margin; additional, strongly irregular lobes

beyond the accessory claspers, often folded, bearing a single, bent, stout and thickened

seta; valves moderately long, stout, constricted in the middle, the distal third spatulate

and somewhat bent upwards; postbasally two or three thickened as well as many normal

setae at the inner surface; the distal third at the inner surface with a row of long setae as ; a

well as one or two irregular rows of short, straight, stout and thickened setae. _ a

_ Diagnosis. M. elegans is sometimes similar to M. berytella (q.v.). : SC npaa

i a neti M. ou toed was found rae on Cyclamen pera and also o :

nd *

- as a | ie |; aati

ety we PAE G. sehl '

ard ws: q

Nota lepid. 32 (2): 129-138 135

10 um

Figs 11-14. C genitalia. 11. M. berytella. 12. M. cypriensis. 13. M. elegans. 14. M. islamella.

Distribution. ?Syria (Meyrick 1912), Israel (Jordan valley, Lake Tiberias, northern

Galilea, Mount Carmel and near Jerusalem), Lebanon (east of Saida) (Stainton 1867:

Amsel 1935; Kurz et al. 2000-2009; Heath, unpublished manuscript) (Fig. 17).

136 ZELLER-LUKASHORT et al.: Micropterix of Cyprus and the Middle East

Figs 15-18. Distribution maps. 15. M. berytella. 16. M. cypriensis. 17. M. elegans. 18. M. islamella. Red

dot indicate supposed occurrence (see text).

Micropterix islamella Amsel, 1935

Micropteryx islamella Amsel, 1935: 276-277. Type locality: “Kirjat [Kiriath] Anavim” [near Jerusalem,

Israel]. Type @: probably lost or destroyed in coll. SMNK (Kaltenbach in litt.). 1 Paratype @: “Kirjat

{Kiriath] Anavim”. Examined by J. Heath. In coll. UMB. (Heath, unpublished manuscript).

Material. 10,19, Israel, Zichron Yaacov, Fureidis, 30m, 2.3.2006, leg. Hausenblas/Zeller; 7¢ , me

Israel, Yogne’am ‘Illit, 180 m, 2.3 2006, leg. Hausenblas/Zeller.

Description of adults. (Fig. 10). Forewing length: O 2,8-3,5 mm; 9 3,2-3,6 mm.

Head black-brown, vestiture of hair-like scales on the head rusty yellow; antennae —

dark brown, bronze golden shining, 5/6 (@), 4/7 (9) of forewing length; thorax

golden; tegulae bluish to violet; forewings violet to reddish violet, with coppery

golden and golden markings: a bronzy golden fascia across the whole wing width

at 1/5, from the tegulae to this fascia two small bronzy golden lines, one along the

inner margin, the other directly in the middle of the wing; a golden fascia across the

whole wing width in the middle slightly bent outwards and bronzy golden bordered,

sometimes interrupted in the middle; at 3/4 a trapezoid golden spot inwardly directed

and reaching the middle of the wing, also bronzy golden pe ecco he ; spot

Nota lepid. 32 (2): 129-138 {37

claspers; between the uncus and the accessory claspers additional triangular-shaped

lobes, more weakly sclerotized and only the distal tip visible; accessory claspers

moderately developed and distally trapezoid shaped, distally with long, thickened

setae, which have sickle-shaped ends, pointing caudal; valvae moderately long,

stout, distally constricted at medial part, the distal ends golf club-like, enlarged and

bent upwardly; distal fourth at the inner surface bearing 10 to 15 thickened straight,

spinoid setae, clustered at the outer margin of the bend of the valvae.

Diagnosis. M. islamella can be easily distinguished from all other species in this

region by the purple ground coloration of the forewings and more golden and diffuse

spots and fasciae.

Life history. M. islamella was found in a forest of Pinus brutia Ten. (Pinaceae), feed-

ing on pollen of Mercurialis annua L. (Euphorbiaceae) (Fig. 5), and at one locality

occurring syntopically with M. elegans. A.S. Talhouk found this species abundantly

on “peach” (Heath, unpublished manuscript).

Distribution. Israel (near Jerusalem and Mount Carmel), Lebanon (near Beirut

and Ain Jouaik [?Nabaa Jouaik, 70 km northeast of Beirut, indicated by a red dot

on Fig. 18]) (Amsel 1933, 1935; Kurz et al. 2000-2009; Heath, unpublished manu-

script).

Discussion

Compared to other genera in the family Micropterigidae, the genus Micropterix exhibits

remarkably uniform male genitalic structures (Zeller et al. 2007: figs 2, 3 and p. 244).

However, closely related species can easily be separated and even grouped using this

character system.

For example, the similar male genitalic claspers and accessory lobes of M. berytella,

M. cypriensis and M. elegans and also M. sicanella Zeller, 1847 (from Sicily) suggest

a close relationship although M. elegans has the most distinctive accessory structures.

The geographical proximity and restricted ranges of the first three species in particular

(Cyprus, Lebanon and Israel) seems also consistent with them being part of a locally

radiated clade. These three species exhibit distinctly divided male genitalia (dorsal part

with uncus, tegumen and accessory claspers; ventral part with valvae and vinculum),

accessory claspers with spinoid setae, which are not T- or Y-shaped, as well as stout

valvae (Zeller et al. 2007).

Acknowledgements

We are grateful to the following persons for providing data, specimens and literature (in alphabetical or-

der): Prof. Amots Dafni, Haifa; Ernst Arenberger, Vienna; Helmut Deutsch, Lienz; Dr. Juliane Diller,

Munich; Prof. Dan Eisikowitch, Tel-Aviv; }John Heath, London; Dr. Peter Huemer, Innsbruck; Thomas

Kaltenbach, Switzerland; Ole Karsholt, Copenhagen; Dr. Martin Lédl, Vienna; Prof. Dr. Joel Minet, Paris;

Dr. Matthias Nuss, Dresden; Helmut Riemann, Bremen, +Dr. Gaden Robinson, London; Dr. Klaus Sattler,

London; Dipl.Ing. Richard Thoma, Bruck/Glocknerstrafe; Kevin Tuck, London; Josef Wimmer, Steyr. We

are particularly grateful to Dubi Benyamini, President of The Israeli Lepidopterist Society, for his help

during our fieldwork in Israel. We especially thank Tami Barkin (Israel) for her cordial hospitality during

our stay in her beautiful accommodation.

138 ZELLER-LUKASHORT et al.: Micropterix of Cyprus and the Middle East

References

Amsel, H. G. 1933. Die Lepidopteren Palastinas. — Zoogeographica 2(1): 1-146.

Amsel, H. G. 1935. Weitere Mitteilungen tiber palastinensische Lepidopteren. — Verdffentlichungen aus

dem Deutschen Kolonial- und Ubersee Museums 1 (2): 276-277.

de Joannis, J. 1886. Séance du 24 novembre 1886. — Bulletin des séances et bulletin bibliographique de la

Société Entomologique de France: 183-184.

de Joannis, J. 1888. Lépidoptéres nouveaux. — Annales de la Société Entomologique de France: 274.

Heath, J. 1985. New species of Micropterix Hiibner (Lepidoptera, Zeugloptera: Micropterigidae) from

Greece and Cyprus. — Nota lepidopterologica 8 (4): 336-340.

Heath, J. 1987. A check list of the genus Micropterix Hiibner [1825] (Lepidoptera: Zeugloptera, Micro-

pterigidae). — Entomologist’s Gazette 38: 205-207.

Heath, J. 1996. Family Micropterigidae.—/n: O. Karsholt & J. Razowski (eds), The Lepidoptera of Europa.

A distributional checklist. — Apollo-Books, Stenstrup.

Karsholt, O. 2004. Families Acanthopteroctetidae, Axiidae, Castniidae, Cossidae, Drepanidae, Eriocotti-

dae, Eriocraniidae, Gelechiidae, Heterogynidae, Limacodidae, Lypusidae, Micropterigidae, Roesler-

stammiidae, Somabrachyidae, Uraniidae.— /n: Karsholt, O. & E. J. van Nieukerken (eds.). Lepidoptera,

Moths. — Fauna Europaea version 1.1, http://www.faunaeur.org [online 16 December 2004].

Kozlov, M. V. 1988. Short review and key for determination of Micropterix Hbn. (Lepidoptera, Micro-

pterigidae) species of Palaearctic. 1. Morphological description and results of investigation of the

type material of species described by Dr. H. G. Amsel. — Vestnik zoologii (Kiev) 1988, 0 (4): 8-14 [In

Russian, English summary].

Kozlov, M. V. 1989. Short review and key for determination of Micropterix Hbn. (Lepidoptera, Micro-

pterigidae) species of Palaearctic. 2. Key for determination (pt. 1). — Vestnik zoologii (Kiev) 1989, 0

(6): 26-31 [In Russian, English summary].

Kozlov, M. V. 1990a. Short review and key for determination of Micropterix Hbn. (Lepidoptera, Micro-

pterigidae) species of Palaearctic. 3. Key for determination (pt. 2). — Vestnik zoologii (Kiev) 1990, 0

(2): 21-26 [In Russian, English summary].

Kozlov, M. V. 1990b. Short review and key for determination of Micropterix Hbn. (Lepidoptera, Micro-

pterigidae) species of Palaearctic. 4. Results of investigation of the type species. — Vestnik zoologii

(Kiev) 1990, 0 (3): 28-33 [In Russian, English summary].

Kurz, M.A., M. E. Kurz & H. C. Zeller-Lukashort 2000-2009. Naturkundliches Informationssystem. —

URL: http://www.nkis.info [visited on February 1, 2009].

Meyrick, E. 1912. Adelidae, Micropterygidae, Gracilariadae. — Jn: H. Wagner (ed.), Le Cata-

logus, pars 6, Berlin.

Schwartz-Tzachor, R. 1998. Pollination and seed production in two populations of Cyclamen persicum.

MSc. Thesis at Tel Aviv University (in Hebrew). ~

Schwartz-Tzachor,R.,A.Dafni,S.G. Potts & D. Eisikowitsch 2006. An ancient pollinator of a contemporary

plant (Cyclamen persicum): when pollination syndromes break down? — Flora 201: 370-373.

Stainton, H. T. 1867. The Tineina of Syria and Asia Minor. — London, Van Voorst, 1867. 84pp.

Zeller-Lukashort, H. C., M. E. Kurz, D. C. Lees & M. A. Kurz 2007. A review of Micropterix Hiibner,

1825 from northern and central Europe (Micropterigidae). — Nota lepidopterologica 30 (2): 235-298.

Nota lepid. 32 (2): 139-144 139

Additional records of Pterophoridae from the Cape Verde

Islands, with description of a new species of Agdistis Hiibner

CEES GIELIS! & OLE KARSHOLT 2

' Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum Naturalis, Department of Entomology, P.O. Box 9517,

NL-2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; email: C.Gielis@net.hcc.nl

* Zoological Museum, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Universitetsparken 15,

DK-2100 Copenhagen @, Denmark; email: okarsholt@snm.ku.dk

Abstract. This paper deals with Pterophoridae collected in the Cape Verde Islands in December 2002.

Among the six species recognized one new species, Agdistis notabilis sp. n. is described and figured,

and one species Stenoptilodes taprobanes (Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875) is recorded from the Cape Verde

Islands for the first time. An overview of the Pterophoridae of the Cape Verde Islands is given in a table.

Resumo. Este trabalho trata de micro lepidopteros da familia Pterophoridae colhidos em Dezembro de

2002 nas Ilhas de Cabo Verde. De entre as seis espécies reconhecidas, uma espécie nova, Agdistis notabilis

sp. n. € descrita e ilustrada, e outra espécie Stenoptilodes taprobanes (Felder & Rogenhofer, 1857) é

registada pela primeira vez para estas ilhas. Na tabela 1 apresentamos os Pterophoridae actualmente dados

como existentes nas Ilhas de Cabo Verde, assim como a sua distribuicdo por ilha.

Introduction

The Cape Verde Archipelago consists of nine inhabited and six uninhabited islands,

altogether 4033 km‘, situated in the Atlantic Ocean about 600 km west of Senegal. They

are of volcanic origin and have not been connected to mainland Africa. The climate is

very dry, with low average rainfall and long periods of drought. Along the costs and in

the mountains the vegetation benefits from some humidity brought by the wind from

the ocean.

The islands were uninhabited when they were first visited by Europeans in 1456. The

composition of the original vegetation is unknown, since the influence of man over

the last 500 years (especially grazing from goats) has had an enormous impact on the

vegetation (see Lobin & Ohm 1987 for further details). The number of higher plant

species is only 724, 65 of which are considered endemic (Arechavaleta et al. 2005).

The position of the Cape Verde Islands made them a natural stepping-stone on the sea

route between Africa (for example during the slave-trade era) or Europe to the New

World, and during the 19" century several naturalists participating in expeditions used

the opportunity during stops at the islands to collect specimens, including Lepidoptera,

which they brought back to Europe. It was, however, not until the 1950s that more

specific collections by Finnish entomologists resulted in the first overview of the

Lepidoptera fauna of the Cape Verde Islands (e.g. Nystrém 1958). In the 1980s German

entomologists (especially Bernd Traub) stayed for several years on the islands as part

of development programs during which they collected Lepidoptera. Based on this

extended knowledge Harten (1993) published a checklist of terrestrial arthropods of the

Cape Verde Islands. An updated checklist comprising all terrestrial animals and plants

has recently been completed (Arechavaleta et al. 2005). The number of Lepidoptera

recorded from the islands is still only 188 species, and even though the archipelago is

Nota lepidopterologica, 16.11.2009, ISSN 0342-7536

140 GiELIs & KARSHOLT: Pterophoridae from the Cape Verde Islands

low in diversity due to its isolated position and dry climate the number will certainly

grow considerably when more detailed studies, particularly of its microlepidoptera are

undertaken.

The checklist by Harten (1993: 275) included only three species, and the one by Bdez &

Garcia (2005: 89) only four species of Pterophoridae. Recently Arenberger (2006), based

on new material collected by E. & U. Aistleitner, recorded 10 species of Pterophoridae

from the archipelago, two of which were identified only to genus. During two weeks of

holiday in late December 2002 the second author collected Lepidoptera from the four

islands of Sal, Santo Antao, Santiago, and Sao Viciente. The Pterophoridae, which were

identified by the first author, included six species, including an undescribed species of

Agdistis, which is described below.

Abbreviations

CG Collection of Cees Gielis

Gent Genitalia slide

ZMUC_ Zoologisk Museum, Natural History Museum of Denmark

Species treatments

Agdistis tamaricis (Zeller, 1847)

Material. 19, Santiago, Tarafal, sea level, 29-30.xii.2002 (O. Karsholt), gent CG 5225 (ZMUC).

Agdistis bifurcatus Agenjo, 1952

Material.19, Santo Antao, Ponta del Sol, 100 m, 25.x1i.2002 (O. Karsholt), larva on Limonium sp.

(ZMUC),7¢ ,49, same locality but 26.xii.2002 (O. Karsholt), gent CG 5222 (3), 5221 (2) (ZMUC, CG).

Biology. The locality is a north facing slope close to the sea. The adult specimens were

caught at night, with the help of a pan-lamp, over Limonium sp. (Plumbaginaceae). The

larva is recorded as feeding on Limonium ferulaceum L. in southern Spain (Huertas —

Dionisi 1999). This species does not occur in the Cape Verde Islands, but three other

Limonium species are recorded from Santo Antao (Arechavaleta et al. 2005: 49).

Agdistis notabilis sp. n. | (Figs 1-3)

Material. Holotype &: “Cape Verde Islands, Santiago, Tarafal, sea level, 29-30.xii.2002, O. Karsholt”

(ZMUC). —

CG).

2 eae Agdistis notabilis is among the smaller Agdistis species. It rese

ee ~ ser en tera apy er i

dark s se | ae

~ Paratypes: 26 , 39, same locality and date, genitalia slide CG 5224 (4), 5223 (Q) eM =

Nota lepid. 32 (2): 139-144 14]

Figs 1-3. Agdistis notabilis Gielis & Karsholt, sp.n. 1. Adult. Holotype male, Cape Verde Islands, Santiago,

Tarafal, sea level, 29-30.xii.2002 (O. Karsholt) (ZMUC). 2. Male genitalia, gent CG 5224 (ZMUC). 3.

Female genitalia, gent CG 5223 (ZMUC).

serrated and a pronounced double uncus. The smaller Palaearctic species A. salsolae

Walsingham and A. pseudocanariensis Arenberger have complicated male (valvae and

saccular processes) and female genitalia structures (antrum and lamina antevaginalis).

Description (Fig. 1). Male, female. Wingspan 12—14 mm. Head appressedly scaled,

pale brown-grey. Palps curved up, as long as eye-diameter, pale brown-grey. Antennae

2/3 of wing length, brownish grey. Thorax, mesothorax, tegulae, and abdomen pale

brown-grey. Dorsum of abdomen with some small groups of brown scales. Hind legs

brown-grey. Spur pairs of unequal length, medial spurs slightly longer than lateral

spurs. |

Forewings brown-grey, naked field (see Remarks) grey-brown. A small brown spot at

2/3 of costal margin of naked field, another spot at base of naked field, and spots on

dorsal margin of naked field at 1/4 and at 2/3. Fringes brown-grey, with narrow basal

fringe line along termen. Underside grey-brown. Hindwings and fringes brown-grey.

142 GiELIS & KARSHOLT: Pterophoridae from the Cape Verde Islands

Underside brown-grey. Venous scales in complex structure, with small black scales

along the vein reaching 2/3 wing length; basally long brown-grey scales create ‘roof’

covering small black scales.

Male genitalia (Fig. 2). Symmetrical. Valva gradually narrowing and ending in

acute tip. Basal part of valva blister-like, enlarged; mid section with longitudinal cucullar

projection and saccular blister; saccular process followed by spiny extension of margin

of valva. Tegumen simple. Uncus forked. Saccus simple, triangular. Sternite VII shaped

as bluntly forked plate. Phallus moderately curved, with vesicular extension at tip.

Female genitalia (Fig. 3). Ostium flat. Antrum funnel-shaped, extending into

tubular ductus bursae. Ductus bursae gradually extending into bursa copulatrix. Lamina

antevaginalis arched and covering plate-like sternite VII. Sternite Vill medially

notched at apex. Sternite VII with two laterally positioned small lobes. Apophyses

anteriores absent. Apophyses posteriores 1.5X papillae anales. Papillae anales simple.

Biology. The moth flies in December. The type series was collected at gee The host

plant is unknown.

Distribution. Only known from the Cape Verde Islands.

Remarks. Arenberger (2006: 69) recorded an “Agdistis spec.” from Ilha da Brava based

on a single female specimen. The photograph (Joc. cit. p. 74) of its genitalia resembles

that of A. notabilis, though the antrum may be differently shaped, and it is possible that

this female may belong to A. notabilis.

The naked field of the forewing is the triangular area with the tip at the discus reaching

towards the termen. This field has fewer and smaller scales than the remaining part of

the wing.

Etymology. The name reflects the notable spots along the dorsal margin of the naked

field of the forewing.

Lantanophaga pusillidactyla (Walker, 1864)

Material.19, Santo Antao, Ponta del Sol, 100 m, 25.xii.2002 (O. Karsholt) (ZMUC).

Stenoptilodes taprobanes (Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875)

Material. 10,39, Santo Antao, Ponta del Sol, 100 m, 25.x1i.2002 (O. Karsholt) (ZMUC, CG).

Remarks. Recorded for the first time from the Cape Verde Islands.

Megalorhipida leucodactylus (Fabricius, 1794)

Material. 20, Santo Antao, Ponta del Sol, 100 m, 26.xii.2002 (O. Karsholt) (ZMUC); 10, Sao —

Vinciente, Mindelo Airport, 50 m, 27.xii.2002 (O. Karsholt) (ZMUC).

Nota lepid. 32 (2): 139-144 143

Tab. 1. Distribution of Pterophoridae in the Cape Verde Islands. No species of this family has yet been

recorded from the island of Sao Nicolau or from any of the smaller islands.

species

Island not specified

Endemic

|< | Mainland Africa

Agdistis tamaricis (Zeller, 1847)

Agdistis bifurcatus Agenjo, 1952

Agdistis notabilis sp. n. Pi el coe

Hellinsia aistleitneri Arenberger, 2006

Megalorhipida leucodactyla (Fabricius, 1794)

Cee

tema Wann | l{|llkift{ ix

Pd etal Ae] ie

Ss yo

a eee

tation of Pterophoridae of about 5% of all Lepidoptera. Only in the Galapagos Islands

does the number of Pterophoridae represent about 5% of the total Lepidoptera fauna

(B. Landry, in litt.), and this family is generally well represented in oceanic islands. The

distribution of Pterophoridae within the Cape Verde Islands is still imperfectly known

as can be seen in Table 1. Most species are still known from only one island, and even

smaller samples than that used in the present study may include new and little known

species. Table 1 also shows that the Pterophoridae of Cape Verde Islands, as with the

rest of the Lepidoptera fauna of this archipelago, belong with the Afro-tropical fauna.

Acknowledgements

Antonio M. F. Aguiar, Camacha, Madeira translated the abstract into Portuguese, Geert Brovad., ZMUC,

Copenhagen, Denmark photographed the moth, Bernard Landry, Geneva, Switzerland improved the

manuscript, and Paul Sokoloff, UK corrected the English language. We are grateful to all for their help.

References

Arechavaleta, M., N. Zurita, M. C. Marrero & J. L. Martin (eds) 2005. Lista preliminar de especies sil-

vestres de Cabo Verde (hongos, plantas y animales terrestres). - Consejeria de Medio Ambiente y

Ordeniacfon Tenerife. 155 pp. [Available on the Internet on: http://www.gobcan.es/cmayovt interreg

~ atlantico/documentos/LPESCaboVerde.pdf].

Arenberger, E. 2006. Pterophoridae von den Kapverden (Lepidoptera). — Zeitschrift der Arbeitsgemein-

schaft Osterreicher Entomologen 58: 67-76.

144 GiELIs & KARsHOLT: Pterophoridae from the Cape Verde Islands

Baez, M. & A. Garcia 2005. Lepidoptera. Pp. 87-90. — In: Arechavaleta, M., N. Zurita, M. C. Marrero &

J. L. Martin (eds). Lista preliminar de especies silvestres de Cabo Verde (hongos, plantas y animales

terrestres). — Consejeria de Medio Ambiente y Ordeniacion Tenerife.

Gielis, C. 2003. Pterophoroidea & Alucitoidea. — World Catalogue of Insects 4: 1-198. Apollo Books,

Stenstrup.

Harten, A. van 1993. Terrestrial Arthropods of the Cape Verde Islands. A check-list. — Courier Forschungs-

Institut Senckenberg 159: 235-309. .

Huertas Dionisio, M. 1999. Estados inmaturos de Lepidoptera (X). Seite especies del género Agdistis

Hiibner, [1825] en el suroeste de la Peninsula Ibérica. - SHILAP Revista de ape a 27:

149-171.

Lobin, W. & P. Ohm 1987. Forschungsreisen in ein Entwicklungsland. Biologen arbeiten auf den Kapver

dischen Inseln. — Natur und Museum, Frankfurt am Main 117: 301-333.

Nystrém, V. 1958. Macrolepidoptera from the Cape Verde Islands. - Commentationes Tulog ae 7 (7):

1-35.

- = he re, sd

* a : ‘ae pa a Ms Tea

: + ee tS

m i eas * OE ok tie ¢

— é < eS at es. 3 ne ;

: pe ESS

~ tet, ) eee Fare

~ ht a iS a ; “ ana

i =

. es

ant i: Ms ids :

Nota lepid. 32 (2): 145-157 145

The life cycle of the little known and endangered endemic

Madeiran Brimstone Butterfly Gonepteryx maderensis Felder,

1862 (Pieridae)

ANTONIO M. FRANQUINHO AGUIAR!, ANDREW WAKEHAM-DAWSONZ &

José G. Freitas Jesus!

' Laboratorio de Qualidade Agricola, Caminho Municipal dos Caboucos 61, 9135-372 Camacha,

Madeira, Portugal; email: antonioaguiar.sra@ gov-madeira.pt

* Mill Laine Farm, Offham, Lewes, East Sussex, BN7 3QB, UK; email: andrewwd@fsmail.net

Abstract. Gonepteryx maderensis Felder, 1862 is an endemic Endangered Species of European Con-

servation Concern restricted to the humid laurel forest (humid /aurisilva) of Madeira. It has not hitherto

been well studied. The life cycle is described and illustrated for the first time based on a limited number

of eggs (six) and larvae (four) collected from the wild. Data collected since 1932 show that this species is

univoltine with the adults surviving for many months prior to mating and oviposition on the sole host-plant

Rhamnus glandulosa Aiton (Rhamnaceae). Further study is necessary to underpin the conservation of this

little-known species.

Resumo. O Pierideo Gonepteryx maderensis Felder, 1862 € uma espécie endémica, considerada em risco

e restringida a laurissilva himida da Ilha da Madeira. O seu ciclo de vida, que nao foi previamente bem

estudado, é descrito e ilustrado pela primeira vez com base num numero limitado de ovos (seis) e larvas

(quatro), colhidas na natureza. Informa¢gao acumulada desde 1932 indicam que esta espécie € univoltina,

com a sobrevivéncia dos adultos durante muitos meses antes do acasalamento e postura na sua Unica planta

hospedeira, o sanguinho — Rhamnus glandulosa Aiton (Rhamnaceae). Estudos adicionais sao necessarios

para garantir a conservacao desta espécie pouco conhecida.

Introduction

The Madeiran brimstone butterfly Gonepteryx maderensis Felder, 1862 is a distinct

species (Kudrna 1975; Brunton et al. 1996) endemic to the humid laurel forest (humid

laurisilva; see Press & Short 1994) of Madeira Island, where it has been recorded flying

mostly between 420 and 1800 m above sea level from March to September (Wakeham-

Dawson et al. 2002). It has been classified as an Endangered Species of European

Conservation Concern (van Swaay & Warren 1999) as it is limited to Madeira and

specifically to the humid Jaurisilva, which is also of conservation concern and being

re-established in a number of areas (Wakeham-Dawson & Warren 1998; Wakeham-

Dawson et al. 2000). However, few studies have concentrated on the ecology of G.

maderensis, making it a species about which little is known. As well as being isolated

in Madeira, G. maderensis is not easy to study as the adult butterflies generally remain

high in the laurisilva canopy. Occasionally, adults (males in particular) seek nectar

from flowering plants closer to the ground (Wakeham-Dawson et al. 2000). Males may

patrol over relatively large distances between areas of humid /aurisilva, but females

are more localised in their movements. Oviposition takes place on only one species of

host-plant: Macaronesian Buckthorn Rhamnus glandulosa Aiton (Rhamnaceae). This

tree is usually present as a component of the upper canopy, making observation and

collection of eggs generally difficult (Wakeham-Dawson & Martin, unpublished obs.).

However, G. maderensis eggs have also been observed on a young, low-growing wild

R. glandulosa plant (Aguiar, unpublished obs.)

Nota lepidopterologica, 16.11.2009, ISSN 0342-7536

146 FRANQUINHO AGUIAR & WAKEHAM-Dawson: Life cycle of Gonepteryx maderensis

Manley & Allcard (1970) suspected G. maderensis to have two generations per year.

However, Brunton et al. (1996) thought it could be univoltine with the adults surviving

for many months prior to mating and oviposition. Unlike other Gonepteryx spp., neither

sex of G. maderensis reflects ultra-violet (UV) light from the undersides of the wings

(Brunton et al. 1996), perhaps giving a cryptic advantage against predators when the

butterflies are roosting beneath similarly non-UV reflecting laurel leaves during long

periods of unsuitable weather and/or diapause as adults.

The current paper describes the life cycle of G. maderensis in detail for the first time

from a limited number (six eggs and four larvae collected from the wild) of captive-

reared specimens and uses data from literature and field observations recorded between

1932 and 2009 to investigate the distribution and voltinism of this species. Results are

discussed in relation to other Gonepteryx spp., but as these results are limited, several

further questions are raised for future studies.

Material & methods

The life cycle of G. maderensis was observed in captivity from six eggs and four L1-

larvae collected in June 2000 at two sites inside the Jaurisilva zone indicated below:

note that the /aurisilva at Chao da Ribeira is more pristine than at Chao dos Louros:

One egg collected at Chao dos Louros, slightly below the Encumeada Pass (UTM:

311490.45 m E; 3626166.21 m N), at an altitude of approximately 800 m on 19 June, 4

and an L1-larva collected on 6 July 2000. —

Five eggs collected deep in the Chao da Ribeira valley (UTM: 302377.14 m E;

3629812.45 m N) at approximately 500 m on 27 April and 8 June 2000. Three L1-

larvae collected at the same locality on 8 and 28 June 2000.

The rearing was carried out in the laboratory at room temperature in two round plastic

breeding cages. These were transparent cylinders 20 cm in diameter and 40 cm high,

with base and lid of durable green polythene. One small potted plant of Rhamnus

glandulosa was put inside each breeding cage to serve as a food source for the larvae.

No particular light source was used other than the normal room artificial illumination

by eight fluorescent tubes, which were turned on for at least seven hours daily. In

addition, there was a source of natural daylight from the all-width windows of one of

the room’s walls.

Given the limited number of eggs and larvae observed in the study, results are presented

as ranges, rather than means and standard deviations. Specimens were disturbed as little

as possible to ensure survival through the complete life cycle and few measurements

were taken. Future studies involving more eggs and larvae would allow” more. ¥

measurements to be taken for statistical analysis. —_

7 TORE ONY A If

Figs 1-7. Peg ta maderensis immature stages. 1. A singly laid egg on a fresh twig of J Rha

bar =0.21 mm egg’s chorion surface in detail. 3. Microscopic preparation of an egg’s ck

_ bar = 0.21 mm). 4. L1-larva with body length of 5 mm. Dorsal secretin heiawith ee and

___ dark bases are clearly visible; these are closer together near the head and anal regions. 5.L

length of 5.6 mm; figure showing an even better view of the defensive droplets. 6

_ of the L1-larva cephalic capsule ( et ahem Reena ody

a *

Nota lepid. 32 (2): 145-157 |47

148 FRANQUINHO AGUIAR & WAKEHAM-Dawson: Life cycle of Gonepteryx maderensis

Description of the stages

Egg (n = 6): The eggs are laid singly on both surfaces and the margins of the young

leaves, and sometimes twigs, of Rhamnus glandulosa (Fig. 1). Eggs are yellowish-

white when freshly deposited, but become orange-yellow close to eclosion. Eggs have

been found only from late April to July (also see Wakeham-Dawson & Aguiar 2003).

The egg is cone-shaped and 1.45 to 1.50 mm in length from base to apex. It is 0.5 mm

wide at the base, 0.65 to 0.70 mm at the maximum width and 0.28 mm wide at the apex

(Fig. 2). The chorion is folded into nine vertical keels, which are separated by 0.19 mm

wide furrows. The chorion’s (egg case) surface is covered with microscopic nodules

that are 15 by 8.8 ym in size (Fig. 3). At the egg’s maximum width it is possible to

observe 5 horizontal rows (each 97 ppm in length) of 13 nodules. The micropyle is oval-

shaped; dimensions: 0.28 by 0.21 ~m. Sometimes the larvae partially eat the egg case

after hatching.

First instar larva (L1) (n = 10): This is yellowish-green with a length of 2 mm when

freshly emerged from the egg. This stage lasts for five to seven days and when the first

moult occurs the L1-larva is around 8 mm long. At this stage and during L2 (but less

visibly during the other stages), the larva has a double row of erect dorsal glandular

hairs that secrete tiny droplets of a clear, highly adhesive liquid.

Halfway through the LI stage the secreting hairs are clearly visible inserted in dark

bases along the dorsum of all body segments, but are most abundant near the head

and on the last body segment (Figs 4,5). During this and subsequent stages,the whole =

body becomes covered with a second type of small hair that also has a dark base. 7

However, it is still possible to distinguish the secreting hairs from these smaller hairs as

the secreting hairs are inserted in prominent tubercles. The larva at this stage has a very 3

small cephalic capsule, with a width of 0.44 mm (Fig. 6). <

Second instar larva (L2) (n = 10): This is yellowish-green, but with a more intense

green colour that in LI. The L2 stage lasts for two to three days and the larva reaches a

length of 12 mm by the time the second moult occurs (Fig. 7).

Third instar larva (L3) (n = 10): This is green with a narrow spiracular white stripe

that runs along the whole length of the body (Fig. 8). The white stripe has a subtle |

white suffusion above it. The cephalic capsule is now almost 2 mm in width and the

mandibles have developed many more cutting teeth (Fig. 9). The entire body and the

cephalic capsule are covered with setae bearing tubercles (Fig. 10) that appear to be

minute black dots to the naked eye and give the larva a ‘velvety’ appearance. The L3

Stage is completed in three days and the larva attains a maximum length of 18 mm by

the third moult.

Figs 8-15. Gonepteryx maderensis immature and adult stages. 8. L3-larva with a body length of 14mm.

9. Microscopic preparation of an L3 mandible (scale bar = 0.17 mm). 10. Microscopic preparation showing

setae and dark tubercles in the cephalic capsule of an L3-larva (scale bar = 0.05 mm). 11. L4-lar

_body Sie tares mm. 12. Pupa hanging ‘head-down’ from a twig of the food plant. 13. A male

: The chrysalis has become transparent enough to show the characteristic br

’ ofthe ale aoe: oe emo iepebigamh io Se

Nota lepid. 32 (2): 145-157 149

Fourth instar larva (L4) (n = 10): Similar to L3 stage larva, but the white suffusion

above the white longitudinal stripe is more extended dorsally (Fig. 11). The L4-larva

completes the fourth stage in five to six days and attains a maximum length of around

35 mm before pupating.

Larvae of G. maderensis are very sluggish during the day, but appear to be more active

during the night when they feed. In all moults the larvae eat their shed skins. The only

observed larval defensive behaviour involved the larvae falling from their host-plant

and hanging suspended by a silk thread until the disturbance had ceased.

Pupa (n = 10): Just before pupating (pre-pupa stage) the larva suspends itself, “head-

down’ from a twig or leaf by the cremaster and a silk thread around the body; the green

colour becomes paler, the longitudinal white stripes disappear and the body inflates

slightly making the individual segments more visible. The pupa has a length of 23—26

mm and this stage lasts for 11-12 days (Fig. 12).

Imago (n = 10): Just before eclosion the pupal tegument becomes transparent and it is

very easy to see by the unexpanded wings’ colour if the future imago will be a male or

a female (Fig. 13).

In the male (Fig. 14), the dorsal surfaces of the fore-wings are bright orange (more

intensely so in the discal-cellular area) turning yellow just before the external margin,

with an indistinct orange spot in the discal cell. The costa and external margin are

bordered by a fine brown line, which becomes darker at the terminal extremities of

veins. The hind-wings are yellow with an orange spot in the discal cell. Small reddish-

brown dots are present at the terminal extremities of the veins. The male has a wingspan

of 52-57 mm.

The ventral surfaces of the wings are greenish-yellow with an orange tint in the fore-

wings and a submarginal row of small brown spots on hind- and (less visibly) on the

fore-wings. On the ventral surfaces of both fore- and hind-wings the discal cell spot is

light red-brown, with a paler centre.

The female (Fig. 15) is similar to the male, but the dorsal surface of both wings is

pale yellow with an orange tint near the fore-wing costa. The ventral surfaces are pale

yellow with a slight orange tint in the discal cell and costa. The female has a wingspan ~

of 59-61 mm.

The thorax and abdomen of both males and females are covered in long silver hairs and

the tips of the abdomens are dusted with yellow scales.

Biology

Imagos were seen flying from altitudes between 50 and 1800 m a.s.l. (Appendix). __

Despite this, 80% of the encounters registered were made at altitudes between 500 and _

1000 m. This coincides with the altitudinal distribution of G. maderensis’ er host,

| Pia aan (Fig. 16).

tay

“ = J ae ie

al 4.

in iis

ol en),

pan SE

Nota lepid. 32 (2): 145-157 tai

=| Bam eee

ZAC ECS

be | ) Sh.

rr fs | leet

Ph ler tt

ey | jar BAe

Lt ee) |

—

SS Se 2 Pee RS.

NEE ESAEOCERS

Eiad

—

Ll |

|_|

Fig. 16. Distribution of G. maderensis and humid laurisilva, of which Macaronesian Buckthorn Rhamnus

glandulosa is an infrequent component between 500-1000 m in Madeira Island. The map is overlaid with a

grid representing 1 x 1 km-squares; locations where specimens were captured or observed are marked with

~ red circles; the green area corresponds to the distribution of humid lauwrisilva forest.

was 11 days. Together the pre-adult stages lasted on average for 29.3 days (with a

minimum of 27 days and a maximum of 32 days).

The number of specimens collected or observed per month (Fig. 17) indicates that this

species is univoltine with egg-laying in (or around) June followed by probable death

of the egg-producing adults. Egg, larval and pupal development then all takes place

around June and July, with no diapause during any of these stages. The next generation

of adults is on the wing by July and these fly until November before a winter diapause

as adults until January. In the first few months of the year there is sporadic temporary

suspension of diapause during periods of good weather. Adult activity increases as

summer approaches and the life cycle starts again with egg-laying in or around June.

The first half-year peak in observed adult numbers is lower than the peak during the

second half of the year. This may be explained by over-winter mortality (i.e. fewer

adults are still alive to fly after the winter) and the effects of cooler weather during the

first half of the year (i.e. there are fewer days where conditions are suitable for flight).

Discussion

Madeira is an oceanic North Atlantic island, which has probably never had a land link

to Africa, its nearest continent. Only species that can survive long distance migration

or have been accidentally transported have colonised the island. As the prevailing

wind blows down from Europe, the butterfly fauna is essentially European (Wakeham-

Dawson et al. 2000). The total fauna comprises about 20 species and the status of

some of the taxa is debated. Some authors consider that up to six of these (including

G. maderensis) are endemic. The other taxa have colonised the island more recently

152 FRANQUINHO AGUIAR & WAKEHAM-Dawson: Life cycle of Gonepteryx maderensis

EGGS, LARVAE & PUPAE

Feb hee Aug S$

pr May Jun

DIAPAUSE

Number of adult butterflies observed per month

ep Oct Nov’ Dec

Fig. 17. Number of adult G. maderensis specimens captured or observed by month in the period 1932 —

2009 (see Appendix).

and some in very recent history (Wakeham-Dawson et al. 2000). Island populations

are particularly sensitive to ecological pressures and one of the taxa, Pieris brassicae

wollastoni (Butler, 1886), appears to have become extinct in the near past, perhaps as

a result of parasite or disease introduction by another species (e.g. Gardiner 2003).

Although there is anecdotal suggestion that G. maderensis was more common in recent

history (e.g. Wakeham-Dawson & Warren 1998), there is no current evidence that it is

declining in a similar way to P. brassicae wollastoni.

The current study is based on limited data from few eggs and larvae, so until further

breeding or rearing studies are carried out it is not possible to make any really conclusive

comparisons between G. maderensis and other Gonepteryx species. However, results

of the present study clearly indicate that G. maderensis is univoltine with a life cycle |

not unlike that of G. rhamni in Britain and most parts of Europe (Bibby 1983; Ebert |

& Rennwald 2001; Fartmann 2004). The closely related G. cleopatra (L.) is also.

pores to be univoltine over much of Europe, but has been observed elk oS

Nota lepid. 32 (2): 145-157 153

larvae observed in April, August and December. The number of generations per year

and the presence of periods of diapause in the life cycle are uncertain. The G. cleobule

early stages are similar to those of G. maderensis, but a published close comparison

has not yet been made. In G. cleobule, the egg is yellow and has eight longitudinal

ribs; the larvae are green with white lateral stripes bordered ventrally by fine yellow

lines; the pupa is green with a brown head spine, brown markings at wing origins,

many small brown spots across the body and along the outer border of the wing sheath,

as well as white lateral stripes (Wiemers 1995). The secreting hairs observed in G.

maderensis larvae also occur in Pieris rapae L., where the fluid consists primarily

of a series of chemically labile, unsaturated lipids (mayolenes) that are derived from

11-hydroxylinolenic acid (Smedley et al. 2002). The secretion is a potent deterrent and

provides effective defence against a range of predatory arthropods. However, specific

parasitoids such as the braconid Cotesia glomerata (Linnaeus) seem to use the droplets

to effectively locate P. rapae larvae for oviposition and are not adversely affected by

the secretion (Takabayashi et al. 2000; Shiojiri & Takabayashi 2005). As far as we

know, the composition of the G. maderensis droplets is unknown. Droplet secretion in

this and related Gonepteryx species deserves further study.

~ In G. rhamni, larvae disturbed while resting or feeding during any of the larval stages

rear up from the host-plant (often from the mid-vein of a Rhamnus leaf), holding on

only with anal claspers and prolegs until the body is at about 30 degrees (Wakeham-

Dawson, unpublished obs.). In this position, the larvae have the appearance of a green

twig. G. rhamni larvae appear to rest in the day in the mid-rib of a leaf when small and

feed at night. Later on, the larger larvae begin to feed in the day, as well as at night.

Gonepteryx maderensis larvae were observed to be less active during the day than

at night. They were not observed to rear up as in G. rhamni and the only observed

defensive behaviour involved the larvae falling from their host-plant and hanging

suspended by a silk tread. Further observations of the G. maderensis larvae’s defensive

behaviour and daily feeding cycle are needed before fuller comparisons can be made.

In the current study, we observed the presence of a G. maderensis egg on a food-plant

twig. Currently, we have no way of assessing whether this is normal activity or not. G.

rhamni and G. cleopatra generally lay eggs on food-plant leaves, especially buds or

younger leaves, allowing the larvae more immediate access to food (Bibby 1983; Ebert

& Rennwald 2001; Fartmann, 2004; Wakeham-Dawson, unpublished obs.). Further

observations need to be made on oviposition location by G. maderensis for comparison

with other Gonepteryx spp. |

This brief study is based on limited data, but it has identified that G. maderensis is

most probably univoltine. It has described the G. maderensis life cycle in detail for the

first time and identified gaps in our knowledge that need further research in order to

underpin the conservation of G. maderensis.

Acknowledgements

Comments by the Editors and two anonymous referees greatly improved an earlier draft of this paper.

154 FRANQUINHO AGUIAR & WAKEHAM-Dawson: Life cycle of Gonepteryx maderensis

References

Bibby, T. J. 1983. Oviposition by the brimstone Gonepteryx rhamni (L.) (Lepidoptera; Pieridae) in Monks

Wood, Cambridgeshire in 1982.— Entomologists’s Gazette 34: 229-234.

Brunton, C. A., P. J. C. Russell & M. E. N. Majerus 1996. Variation in ultra-violet wing patterns of

brimstone butterflies (Gonepteryx: Pieridae) from Madeira and the Canary Islands. — Entomologist

115: 30—39, pls A-D.

Ebert. G. & E. Rennwald 1991. Die Schmetterlinge Baden-Wiirttembergs. Bd. 1, Tagfalter 1. - Eugen UI-

mer, Stuttgart. 426 pp.

Fartmann, T. 2004. Die Schmetterlingsgemeinschaften der Halbtrockenrasen-Komplexe des Diemeltales.

Biozénologie von Tagfaltern und Widderchen in einer alten Hudelandschaft. — Abhandlungen aus dem

Westfalischen Museum fiir Naturkunde 66 (1): 1-256.

Gardiner, B.O.C.2003.The possible cause of extinction of Pieris brassicae wollastoni Butler (Lepidoptera:

Pieridae). — Entomologist’s Gazette 54: 267-268.

Kudrna, O. 1975. A revision of the genus Gonepteryx Leach. — Entomologist’s Gazette 26: 3-37.

Manley, W. B. L. & H. G. Allcard 1970. A field guide to the butterflies and burnets of Spain. — Classey,

Hampton, Middlesex. 192 pp., 40 pls.

Press, J. R. & M. Short 1994. The flora of Madeira. - HMSO, London. 192 pp.

Shiojiri, K. & J. Takabayashi 2005. Effects of oil droplets by Pieris caterpillars against sonculis and

specialist carnivores. — Ecological Research 20: 695-700.

Smedley, S. R., F. C. Schroeder, D. B. Weibel, J. Meinwald, K. A. Lafleur, J. A. Renwick, R. Rutowski

& T. Eisner 2002. Mayolenes: labile defensive lipids from the glandular hairs of a cae (Pieris

rapae).— Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 99 (10): 6822-6827

Takabayashi, J., Y. Sato, S. Yano & N. Ohsaki 2000. Presence of oily droplets from the dorsal setae of

Pieris rapae \arvae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). — Applied Entomology and Zoology 35 (1): 115-118.

Tennent, J. 1996. The butterflies of Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia. — Gem, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, i—xx,

217 pp.

van Swaay,C.A.M.& M.S. Warren 1999. Red Data book of European butterflies (Rhopalocera).— Nature

& Environment no. 99. Strasbourg. 260 pp.

Wakeham-Dawson, A. & L. Warren 1998. Conservation of butterflies and other endemic species in the

Funchal Ecological Park, Madeira. — British Journal of Entomology and Natural History 10: 210-213.

Wakeham-Dawson, A. & A. M. Franquinho Aguiar 2003. The arrival of a Cacyreus marshalli (Butler,

1898) larva, a larval host-plant for Lycaena phlaeas phlaeoides (Staudinger, 1901) and notes on other

butterfly (Rhopalocera, Lepidoptera) species in the Madeiran Archipelago, Fortuna 8-15 July 2002.-—

Entomologist’s Gazette 54: 227-231.

Wakeham-Dawson, A., M. Salmon & A. M. Franquinho Aguiar 2000. Field guide to the butterflies of the

Funchal Ecological Park and Madeiran Archipelago. — Funchal Municipal Council, Madeira. 115 pp. —

Wakeham-Dawson, A., A. M. Franquinho Aguiar & G. Martin 2002. The distribution of endemic butter-

flies (Lepidoptera) on the island of Madeira, Portugal, since 1850 with comments on their current

conservation status. — Entomologist’s Gazette 53: 153-180.

Wiemers, M. (1995). The butterflies of the Canary Islands. A survey of their distribute biology and

ecology (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea). — Linneana belgica 15: 63-84; 87-118.

Nota lepid. 32 (2): 145—157 155

Appendix

Adult G. maderensis specimens captured or observed on Madeira Island in the period 1932—2009. Key:

UTM = Universal Transverse Mercator Coordinates; C = captured; O = observed; M = male; F = female.

See Wakeham-Dawson et al. (2002) for more details. Observations made between 2002 and 2009 are

recorded in various papers by the authors or are new observations recorded for the first time in the present

paper.

C/O | Adults | M

07-08-1974

23-08-1974

B cain

1975/1976 ?

°F

56 FRANQUINHO AGUIAR & WAKEHAM-Dawson: Life cycle of Gonepteryx maderensis

Continuation.

(—)

lo)

[=F

° (=|

eb)

—

(qr)

Fa)

(e)

fol

(7 a)

—S SS sah SSeS tts Ean

Ribeiro Bonito __| 500-600 _| 15-08-1985 |28SCB1931__—|O_ [2

21-08-1985 __|288CB2323 [O20

14-06-1993

Levada das 25 Fontes_|965___| 01-06-1996

]

em ee yee eerie ey ce

—

28SCB 1026 } : |

'28SCB2118 1. snes

eae eaten ils | 22) Leon alee

—

Com

pet)

—

ao)

—~

—

157

Locality Date UTM

oe Coordinates

P. Ecolog. do Funchal _ | 1200- 09-03-2001

1600

Estrada Encumeada/ 424 14-09-2000

Rosario

Casa do Barreiro, PEF 08-03-2001

Ribeiro Frio 850-900 | 08-03-2001

P. Ecolog. do Funchal _ | 1200- 09-03-2001

1600

Encumeada 1000 7/10-03-2001 |28SCB1125

Posto Florestal, 840 7/10-03-2001 |28SCB2724

Lamaceiros, Portela

ie)

—

iS)

pom

-_~

—

8SCB2118

8SCB2323

28SCB1026 O ner

aon

—_

~_—-

(SS

Achada do Teixeira to | 1330 12-08-2001 28SCB2027 0

nl eae

Pico das Pedras (Park | 887 12-08-2001 28SCB2227 0

a ba ee

Encumeada ——[800__—*| 27-09-2001 |asscBilis fo _[1 {1 [0 |

|Encumeada —(800_——-[8/12-10-2001 |28scB1125 —[o_[12_—[aift

[Chao daRibeira ___| 500-600 [22-04-2002 __|28scB0229 fo _[16 [8 [8 |

a el ee a

the Power station)

al ee

the Power station)

|Montado do Sabugal__|840 | 14-05-2002_|28scB2024 Ss [o_|1__—{1 [o |

1200 ___|09-07-2002__|28scBo126 [Oo _|i__—|1 |o

[Ribeiro Frio _——_[ 850-900 | 14-07-2002__|28scB2323_ [0 _|1 [oj

1000 __| 10/17-04-2003|28scB1125_[O_|1 | |o

Se eH

Lamaceiros, Portela

[Chao daRibeira | 500-600 [10/17-04-2003|28scB0229_|O_|i | [0 |

CB0632+CB0731 |O [2 {1 {1 |

Sa eee

ea a

Serra de Agua

28SCB2215 oO fi ji jo.

28SCB1420 On HT gf fo

Terra Grande, Serrade [440 | 25-11-2004 cotton i a 8 A

Agua

Poiso/Pico do Arieiro [1590 [04-08-2006 __|28scB2021_—|O_|1 1 |0 |

28SCB1420 (ge oped FOC

Ribeiro Frio 28SCB2323 Fo ae oe ie

158 Book review

Leraut, P. 2009. Moths of Europe, vol. 2, Geometrid moths. — N.A.P. Editions, Verriéres le

Buisson, France, 808 pp., 158 colour plates, numerous line drawings and distribution maps.

English text. ISBN 978-2-913699-09-4. Price 85.00 € (See www.napeditions.com).

French lepidopterist Patrice Leraut recently published a second volume in the “Moths of

Europe” series, three years after the publication of volume | on the Saturniidae, Lasiocampidae,

Sphingidae, Arctiidae, etc. This pocket-size field guide on the European Geometridae, as the

book is described on its back cover, will be welcomed as it covers the whole European fauna.

Many good, regional, and comprehensive guides and monographs are available, but a synthesis

on a European scale has not been published since the works of Culot (1917-1919, 1919-1920)

and Prout in Seitz (1912-1916, 1934-39), both of which are outdated and Seitz has been out of

print for many years.

The book opens with a general introduction to the Lepidoptera, followed by a classification

of the Geometridae based on wing venation characters. There is a description of the European

habitats of the Geometridae. Short chapters are also included on collecting, polymorphism,

specimen preparation, identification, nomenclature, and conservation. The typical treatment of

a species comprises a short description of the imago and differences between male and female,

variation, similar species, biology, flight-time, distribution, status, comments, and a distribution

map. The majority of the species covered are illustrated in 158 high quality colour plates, and

if necessary, supplemented with black-and-white line drawings of diagnostic features of the

genitalia and other characters.

This field guide is generally very helpful as an identification guide. The coverage in a field

guide does not need to be comprehensive, a strategy the author has apparently chosen. Not all

European species are illustrated in the plates, and in unillustrated species the reader is often,

but not always, given an indication of the most similar taxa. Numerous non-European species

are illustrated in the plates including some of which are highly unlikely to be found in Europe.

I find the inclusion of these species somewhat irrelevant, but perhaps they are justified from a

curiosity point of view? Many lepidopterists who are mainly interested in species identifications

are likely to find this ‘colour atlas type of field guide’ with basic biological information about

the species useful. I would have liked to see more specimens illustrated to show the variation

within a species and the specimens would have been better shown in plates with a consistent

magnification relative to each other. Locality details of the illustrated specimens would have

been appreciated, giving better understanding of the correlation between the external appearance

and the geographical area.

The book cannot only be treated as a field guide as it also proposes numerous taxonomic

changes, but this latter aspect is dealt with in a debatable manner. My major problem is the

apparent lack of scientific approach: In many cases the author does not provide information

on the material upon which the conclusions are drawn. This means that the analyses are not

verifiable. The results and conclusions may be correct, and I agree with some of them, but

the lack of evidence makes them impossible to evaluate. If the taxonomic and nomenclatural .

decisions were removed from the book and submitted to a peer-reviewed journal, I find it hard

to believe that such a journal would have published them in the way they are presented here.

I will now give some examples to support these observations.

- On page 9 Leraut lists the four new genera, seven species, and 17 subspecies describedinthe =

book. However, the wealth of other taxonomic and nomenclatural changes that are distributed =

throughout the book — new synonymies, new combinations, and new status revisions — are not y

on. I was left to wonder about the rationale behind this decision. ‘a

_ As mentioned earlier, some of the taxonomic conclusions of Leraut cannot be evaluated on — 1

a scientific basis because there is no indication on the (type) material on which the co: . Z |

were ee a in this category there is the synonymisation of sienen er,

Book review 159

1849 (Note: This should read Amorphogynia Warren, 1894. Leraut has apparently used by

mistake the author and year of description of necessaria Zeller, 1849, which is the type species

of Amorphogynia) with Lycia Hiibner, 1825, (already proposed by Viidalepp in 1996!) and the

synonymisation of Nyssiodes Oberthiir, 1880, with Lycia Hiibner, 1825. Were the type specimens

of the relevant type species examined? In which collections? What characters were found to

support these views? Narraga catalaunica Herbulot, 1943 is stated on p. 72 to be ‘bona sp.., stat.

rev.’. The authenticity of this claim is difficult to judge, even if correct, when Leraut writes only

‘Examination of genitalia of catalaunica compared with those of nelvae from Morocco revealed

that these two taxa are indeed distinct.’ Only male genitalia are illustrated, and Leraut does not

tell us whether the type material was examined. Under Chiasmia aestimaria (Hiibner) (p.71) he

writes: “Markings can be widely smoky in hue, as in f. sareptanaria (Staudinger, 1871) (often

erroneously treated as valid species).’ Who has made the ‘error’? Why is it incorrect to treat this

name as valid for a separate species or subspecies? Kuchleria garciapitai Exposito, 2005, ‘is

in my view only a synonym of K. menadiara [(Thierry-Mieg)|’ (p. 55); under Idaea sericeata

(Hubner, 1813) Leraut writes (p. 739): ‘Idaea subrecta (Prout, 1935) from High Atlas, bona sp..

stat. rev., with transverse lines sinuous and closer together.’, no genitalia are illustrated and the

differences described are not self-evident from the specimens illustrated; under Hylaea fasciaria

he writes (p. 212): ‘The North African population has the moths smaller and dull green (red. f.

unknown): ssp. compararia Staudinger, 1894, stat. rev. (previously treated as separate species).’:

and under Scopula incanata one can read (p. 776): ‘See also Scopula punctabilineatella (Lucas,

1937), bona sp., stat. rev., from Morocco.’, but there is not even a separate text entry for S.

punctabilineatella and further, there is no indication who has made the claim that this taxon is

not valid at the species level and its relationship to S. guancharia (Alphéraky, 1889), which is

not featured in the book is not mentioned. The list goes on, and examples of this kind are too

numerous to mention.

- The descriptions of new taxa are based on morphological evidence, but some of the

diagnostic features are so minute and difficult to see in the line drawings that they cannot

really be substantiated without further morphological and/or molecular analysis. For example

Harrisonodes Leraut, 2009 is said to differ from Lycia Hiibner, 1825 by minute differences

in the male and female genitalia, but those are not illustrated. I illustrated these structures in

Figs 1-4 and I question their value as a genus level synapomorphy. Leraut describes two new

subspecies for Parietaria serotinaria (Denis & Schiffermiiller), bringing the total to five, on

the basis of small differences in the curvature of the phallus and wing pattern. He illustrates

two male genitalia of Parietaria serotinaria vesubiaria Leraut (Figures 127a, 128c) that have

different structures in the apex of the juxta, which appear more diagnostic than the mentioned

phallus characters. Perhaps a mistake has occurred in the labelling of the plate? Many of the

new taxa are extralimital, they are not found in Europe (e.g. /sturgia tozeurensis Leraut, /frania

Leraut and Menophra tameliltensis Leraut). This approach cannot be justified because the book,

after all, is a field guide for the European Geometridae.

- Numerous new forms are formally described; for example, six new forms for Erannis

defoliaria (Clerck) alone! Here it suffices to say that according to the International Code of

Zoological Nomenclature (1999), an infrasubspecific name is not available [ Art. 45.5].

- Distribution maps are in many instances obscure, misleading or even wrong. It seems to me

that for the species treated in the Geometrid Moths of Europe series (Hausmann 2001; Mironov

2003; Hausmann 2004) most of the maps are simply reproduced here as they appear in the

original works. The distribution maps of the remaining taxa are superficial. According to the

author: ‘...when the information [on the distribution] at hand is more imprecise, the distribution

is given by country’. I agree that knowledge may be imprecise in certain areas of Europe, but

I would argue that species distributions in many countries, like Finland, which I am familiar

with, are very well known and accurate. Detailed information has been available in publications

160 Book review

LE ~ eS

Cees

; ~~)

3 ~

Figs 1-4. Everted male vesica with sclerotisations shown in insert and female antrum of Lycia alpina

(Sulzer, 1776) (Figs 1-2) and Lycia hirtaria (Clerck, 1759) (Figs 3-4). 1. Slide PS1399, 2. Slide PS1400,

3. Slide PS1322,4. Slide PS1323. When Leraut described new genus Harrisonodes, Ph[{alaena] B[ombyx]

alpina being its type species, it was diagnosed to differ from Lycia (p. 110): ‘In [Harrisonodes] male,

aedeagus features sclerotised ‘ridges’ in vesica, no sclerotized ‘arms’, and: ‘In [Harrisonodes] female,

antrum is preceded by a sclerotized circular structure, which nevertheless has no sclerotized median patch.’

Leraut did not illustrate vesicas or the sclerotized circular structure of the antrum [lamella antevaginalis?].

Figures | and 2 illustrate that both mentioned species have similar sclerotized, spine-shaped structures in

the vesica, and while the structure of antrum is diagnostic between hirtaria and alpina (Figs 3-4), such

sclerotization is not found in other European Lycia spécies, thus questioning the value of mentioned male

and female characters as genus level synapomorphies.

for decades (for example Mikkola et al. 1985; Mikkola et al. 1989; Huldén et al. 2000). The

constantly updated distributions by biogeographical regions are even available on the internet

(Kullberg et al. 2002). Thus the maps displaying the arctic-alpine Pygmaena fusca (Macaria},

see Kullberg et al. 2002; Scoble & Kriiger 2002) in the hemiboreal zone of South Finland and

in Skane, Sweden, or Narraga fasciolaria (Hufnagel), a migrant species that has been recorded

a few times in the southern coast of Finland, as occurring North of the Arctic circle, are very

misleading. Several obvious distribution errors are also included; just to mention a few, the

Mediterranean Abraxas pantaria (Linnaeus) is NOT recorded in Finland, whereas Hypoxystis

pluviaria (Fabricius) 1S resident in Finland, Cataclysme riguata (Hiibner) and Apocheima

hispidaria (Denis & Schiffermiiller) are NOT recorded in Finland (the map of the latter has been

carefully drawn to exclude the northern part of the country thus indicating exact knowledge

on its distribution), and the arctic, Eurosiberian Timandra rectistrigaria (Eversmann) certainly

does NOT occur in Finland, Norway or Sweden, with a disjunct distribution in southern Sweden ~

as is carefully drawn, etc. The errors are so numerous for one country alone that it must be | 4

Book review 16]

assumed that similar errors are common regarding other countries’ distributions also. perhaps

indicating that no proof-reading of the maps has been done.

- Several recent advances on the higher classification of the Geometridae are largely ignored

and no arguments are presented for why this is so. These include, for example, the proposed

new generic concepts of the Macariini (Scoble & Kriiger 2002), the Scopulini (Sihvonen 2005),

the demonstrated Sterrhinae association of the Lythriini (Ounap et al. 2008), the Gnophini

association of Cleorodes (Viidalepp et al. 2007), and the Timandra association of Timandra

rectistrigaria (Eversmann) (Sihvonen & Kaila 2004).

- Incorrect and inconsistent spellings occur, eg. Leucobrephos middendorffii for L. midden-

dorfiu, Phaiogramma estruscaria for P. etruscaria.

- The reference list is very short for a book of this magnitude. Original research articles have

not been cited, apart from one self-citation of an article describing a new form.

- Many European taxa do not have a separate entry in the book, neither are they mentioned in

the index. Some of these are briefly mentioned in the text, but in seemingly random places, e.g.

Limeria macraria Staudinger, 1982, under Brachyglossina hispanaria (Piingeler, 1913), and

Eupithecia sardoa Dietze, 1910, under E. pusillata (Denis & Schiffermiiller, 1775). Further,

some species would have benefited from a separate entry as they are newly discovered in

Europe, for example Lithostege fissurata Mabille (Hausmann & Seguna 2005).

- Cross-referencing of taxa is sometimes confusing. For example, under Macaria artesiaria

(Denis & Schiffermiiller) Leraut writes: ‘Several Isturgia and Perigune [are similar]’ but no

reference is given to Macaria ichnusae Govi & Fiumi. Under M. ichnusae (not illustrated) he

writes that ‘Macaria artesiaria is {similar]’.

- Leraut questions the validity of Timandra griseata Petersen (not indexed in the book) and

Timandra comae Schmidt as separate species (p. 786). I would have appreciated an analytical

approach to this much discussed issue, where the author could have presented concrete, material-

based counter arguments, as have the proponents of this hypothesis (e.g. Kaila & Albrecht 1994,

Ounap et al. 2005).

- This appears to be the first monograph that does not illustrate the genitalia for the species-

rich Sterrhinae genera Scopula Schrank and particularly Idaea Treitschke. The identification

of these moths is sometimes impossible without such additional information. This omission is

puzzling because the genitalia of numerous taxa of other subfamilies are widely illustrated.

This leads my review to the topic of publishers’ responsibility. What roles have the publisher

and the publishing editor played in producing this book? Has the publishing editor accepted

the manuscript for publication without any critical comments and without familiarising himself

with its content? The scientific level of this book is likely to reflect badly on the publisher,

N.A.P. Editions, France.

The examples above show only the various categories of questionable conclusions and errors,

and they are repeated throughout the book. Given my experience in the administration of

research funding in Europe, this publication will not help to dispel the persistent image that

taxonomy is an old-fashioned, non-scientific discipline. To conclude, the taxonomic changes

(new synonymies, new combinations, status revisions) proposed by Leraut will need to be

carefully reconsidered by subsequent authors, particularly in cases where no data on examined

material are provided. Actually some preliminary work has already been done (Hausmann

2009). The evidence supporting the descriptions of new taxa is rather slim in some instances,

and those will also need to be evaluated carefully. I hope that the author and the publisher will

learn from these critical remarks and consider them when preparing the next volume of the

Moths of Europe, announced for 2010 on the internet.

Past SIHVONEN

162 Book review

References

Culot, J. 1917-1919. Noctuelles et Géométres d’Europe, vol. 3: Géométres. Genéve, Switzerland. 269 p.,

37 pls.

Culot, J. 1919-1920. Noctuelles et Géométres d’Europe, vol. 4: Géométres. Genéve, Switzerland. 167 p.,

33 pls.

Hausmann, A. 2001. Introduction to the series. Archiearinae, Oenochrominae, Geometrinae. Pp. 1-282. —

In: A. Hausmann (ed.), Geometrid moths of Europe, vol. 1. — Apollo Books, Stenstrup.

Hausmann, A. 2004: Sterrhinae. Pp. 1-600. — Jn: A. Hausmann (ed.), Geometrid Moths of Europe, vol.

2.— Apollo Books, Stenstrup.

Hausmann, A. & Seguna, A. 2005. Lithostege fissurata Mabille, 1888 from Malta, new for the fauna of

Europe (Geometridae, Larentiinae). — Nota lepidopterologica 28: 11-15.

Hausmann, A. 2009. Some comments to Patrice Leraut (2009): Moths of Europe, Vol. 2: Geometrid

Moths. — N.A.P. Editions. 808 p. http://www.zsm.mwn.de/lep/gme.htm Page accessed 6.9.2009.

Huldén, L. (ed.), Albrecht, A., Itamies, J., Malinen, P. & Wettenhovi, J. 2000. Atlas of Finnish Macro-

lepidoptera. The Lepidopterological Society of Finland and the Finnish Museum of Natural History.

Suomen Perhostutkijain Seura ja Luonnontieteellinen keskusmuseo. — Viestipaino, Helsinki. 328 p.

International code of zoological nomenclature 1999. International Commission on Zoological Nomen-

clature, 4th ed. The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, c/o The Natural History Museum,

London. Available at http://www.iczn.org/iczn/index.jsp, Page accessed 18.7.2009.

Kaila, L. & Albrecht,A. 1994. The classification of the Timandra griseata group (Lepidoptera: Geometridae,

Sterrhinae). — Entomologica Scandinavica 25: 461-479.

Kullberg, J., Albrecht, A., Kaila, L. & Varis, V. 2002. Checklist of Finnish Lepidoptera. — Sahlbergia 6:

45-190. An updated version is available at http://www.fmnh.helsinki.fi/elainmuseo/hyonteiset/perhoset/

index.htm , Page accessed 18.7.2009.

Mikkola, K., Jalas, I. & Peltonen, O. 1985.Suomen perhoset. Mittarit 1. [Finnish Lepidoptera, Geometridae

1]. Suomen perhostutkijain seura, Tampereen kirjapaino Oy Tamprint. 260 p.

Mikkola, K., Jalas, 1. & Peltonen, O. 1989: Suomen perhoset. Mittarit 2. [Finnish Lepidoptera, Geometridae

2}. Recallmed, Hangon Kirjapaino. 280 p.

Mironoy, V. 2003. Larentinae II. Pp. 1-464. — Jn: A. Hausmann (ed.), Geometrid Moths of Europe, vol.

4.— Apollo Books, Stenstrup.

Ounap. E., Viidalepp, J. & Saarma, U. 2005. Phylogenetic evaluation of the taxonomic status of Timandra

griseata and T. comae (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Sterrhinae). European Journal of Entomology 102:

607-615.

Ounap, E., Viidalepp, J. & Saarma, U. 2008. Systematic position of Lythriini revised: transferred from La-

rentiinae to Sterrhinae (Lepidoptera, Geometridae). — Zoologica Scripta 37: 405-413.

Prout, L. B. 1912-16. Die Spanner des Palaearktischen faunengebietes. Pp. 1-479. — In: A. Seitz (ed.), Die ~

Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde, Vol. 4. Stuttgart, A Kernen.

Prout, L. B. 1934~39. Die Spanner des Palaearktischen faunengebietes. Pp. 1-253. - In: A. Seitz (ed.), Die

Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde, Supplement zu Band 4. Stuttgart, A Kernen.

Scoble, M. & Kriiger, M. 2002. A review of the genera of Macariini with a revised classification of the tribe

(Geometridae: Ennominae). — Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 134: 257-315.

Sihvonen, P. & Kaila, L. 2004. Phylogeny and tribal classification of Sterrhinae with emphasis on delim. ,

iting Scopulini (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). — Systematic Entomology 29, 324-358.

Sihvonen, P. 2005. Phylogeny and classification of the Scopulini moths (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Ster- = a

rhinae). — Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 143: 473-530.

i J. 1996. heck list of the Geometridae (Lepidoptera) of the former U.S.S.R. — — Apollo ] Books

ena 111 p.

PF 1, Tamar. Snail, N ” Ruohomiki, K. & Wahlberg, N. 2007: Cleorodes Wan

g ‘miini iS pit Geomieni Aue). - European Journal 0 ;

tah

Te is

fei aia st » oe 7 onaeg 4

oy.)

‘' ; abiien 2 si hile aloud :

FAT 6 ey f werk au a, ¥

Nota lepid. 32 (2): 163-164 163

Nota lepidopterologica index to volumen 32 by taxon and author names,

with publication dates.

Publication dates

No. 1: p. 1-84: 15.05.2009; No. 2: p. 85-162: 16. 11. 2009

Contents

de Prins, J. & Kawahara, A. 2009 (16.xi.). On the taxonomic history of Phyllocnistis Zeller, 1848 (Gracil-

lariidae). 32(2): 113-121.

Erlacher, S. & Junghans, C. 2009 (15.v.). On the identity of Psodos perlinii Turati, 1914 (Geometridae,

Ennominae). 32(1): 47—54.

Franquinho Aguiar, A. M., Wakeham-Dawson, A. & Freitas Jesus, J. G. 2009 (16.xi.). The life cycle of the

little known and endangered endemic Madeiran Brimstone Butterfly Gonepteryx maderensis Felder,

1862 (Pieridae). 32(2): 145-157.

Gielis, C. & Karsholt, O. 2009 (16.xi.). Additional records of Pterophoridae from the Cape Verde Islands,

with description of a new species of Agdistis Hiibner. 32(2): 139-144.

Jaschke, A. & Kolligs, D. 2009 (15.v.). Oviposition habitat and feeding behaviour of the dingy skipper

(Erynnis tages (Linnaeus, 1758), in Schleswig-Holstein (North Germany) (Hesperiidae). 32(1 ): 27-37.

Kadlec, T.; Vrba, P. & Konvicka, M. 2009 (15.v.). Microhabitat requirements of caterpillars of the critically

endangered butterfly Chazara briseis (L.) (Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) in the Czech Republic. 32(1): 39-46.

Karsholt, O. & Savenkov, N. 2009 (16.xi.). Beautiful gelechiid moths — Aristotelia baltica A. Sulcs & I.

Sulcs, stat. n. and related species (Gelechiidae). 32(2): 89-97.

Kosmac, M. & Verrovnik, R. 2009 (15.v.). First record of Cacyreus marshalli (Lycaenidae) from the

Balkan Peninsula. 32(1): 81-82.

Miiller, B. & Skou, P. 2009. (15.v.). records of larvae of Eupithecia lensiscata Mabille, 1869 on Sardinia

(Geometridae). 32(1): 23-26.

Ortiz, A. S., de la Calle, J. A. & Guerrero, J. J. 2009 (16.xi.). On the presence of Scythocentropus inquinata

(Mabille, 1888) (Noctuidae: Xyleninae) on the Iberian Peninsula, a first record for continental Europe.

32(2): 111-112.

Rickert, C., Roweck, H. & Sobezyk, T. 2009 (16.xi.). Wittleia retiella (Newman, 1847) (Psychidae) from

the salt marshes of Schleswig—Holstein, with descriptive and life-history notes. 32(2): 123-127.

Sattler, K. & Tremewan, W. G. 2009 (15.v.). The authorship of the so-called “Wiener Verzeichnis”. 32(1):

3-10.

Sinev, S. 2009 (16.xi.). Obituary for Vladimir Ivanovich Kuznetsov. 32(2): 87-88.

Sobezyk, T. & Kobbert, M. J. 2009 (15.v.). Die Psychidae des baltischen Bernsteins. 32(1): 13-22.

Székely, L. & Dinca, V. 2009 (16.xi.). Cucullia argentina (Fabricius, 1787) and Saragossa porosa porosa

(Eversmann, 1854) from the steppes of Dobrogea, Romania (Noctuidae). 32(2): 99-110.

Trankner, A.; Li, H. & Nuss, M. 2009. (15.v.). On the systematics of Anania Hiibner, 1823 (Pyraloidea:

Crambidae: Pyraustinae). 32(1): 63-80.

Trofimova, T. A. 2009. (15.v.). Atomorpha punctistrigaria (Christoph, 1893) (Geometridae, Ennominae ) —

anew geometrid species for the fauna of Europe. 32(1): 55-62.

Zeller-Lukashort, H. C., Kurz, M. A., Lees, D. C. & Schwartz-Tzachor, R. 2009 (16.xi.). Micropterix of

Cyprus and the Middle East (Micropterigidae). 32(2): 129-138.

Book reviews. 32(1): 11-12, 38, 83, 84; 32(2): 128, 158-162.

Index of taxonomica changes

amaniensis Maes, 1997 (Ethiobotys), comb. n.; now: Anania — Triinkner, A.; Li, H. & Nuss, M. 2009.

CIS.v) S20 72

ankolae Maes, 1997 (Ethiobotys), comb. n.; now: Anania — Trinkner, A.; Li, H. & Nuss, M. 2009. (15.v.):

32(1):'72

hie he Sulcs & I. Sulcs, 1983 (subsp. of Aristotelia coeruleopictella), stat. n.. now Aristotelia balti-

ca — Karsholt, O. & Savenkov, N. 2009(16.xi.): 32(2): 94.

bryalis Hampson, 1918 (Lamprosema), comb. n.; now: Anania — Trankner, A.; Li, H. & Nuss, M. 2009.

EP (ES.V.)¢ S2(1): 72

Nota lepidopterologica, 16.11.2009, ISSN 0342-7536

164 Index to volume 32 by taxon and author names, with publication dates

camerounensis Maes, 1997 (Ethiobotys), comb. n.; now: Anania — Trankner, A.; Li, H. & Nuss, M. 2009.

(15 v2 3201): 72

Crypsiptya Meyrick, 1894 (Crambidae), stat. rev. No synonym of Anania — Traénkner, A.; Li, H. & Nuss,

M. 2009. (15.v.): 32(1): 72

delicatalis South [in Leech], 1901 (Pyrausta), comb. n.; now: Anania — Trankner, A.; Li, H. ees M.

2009. (15.v.): 32(1): 70

elutalis Kenrick, 1917 (Pyrausta), comb. n.; now: Anania — Trankner, A.; Li, H. & Nuss, M. 2009. (15.v.):

32(1): 72

epipaschialis Hampson, 1912 (Nacoleia), comb. n.; now: Anania — Triankner, A.; Li, H. & Nuss, M. 2009.

(15.v.): 32(1): 72

Ethiobotys Maes, 1997 (Crambidae), syn. n. of Anania — Trankner, A.; Li, H. & Nuss, M. 2009. (15.v.):

32(1): 72

falsaria Al\phéraki, 1892(Atomorpha), LT — Trofimova, T. A. 2009. (15.v.): 32(1): 57

flavicolor Munroe & Mutuura, 1968 (Pronomis), comb. n.; now: Anania — Trankner, A.; Li, H. & Nuss,

M. 2009, (15.v.): 32(1): 71

hasanensis (Kirpichnikova, 1998) (Opsibotys) — comb. n.; now: Anania — Trankner, A.; Li, H. & Nuss,

M. 2009. (15.v.): 32(1): 66

lippensi Maes, 1997 (Ethiobotys), comb. n.; now: Anania — Trankner, A.; Li, H. & Nuss, M. 2009. (15.v.):

32(1): 72

luteorubralis (Caradja, 1916) (Pyrausta) — comb. n.; now: Anania — Trankner, A.; Li, H. & Nuss, M. 2009.

(15.v.): 32(1): 66

notabilis sp. n. (Agdistis) — Gielis & Karsholt 2009(16.x1.): 32(2): 140.

obtusalis (Yamanaka, 1987) (Perinephela) — comb. n.; now: Anania — Trankner, A.; Li, H. & Nuss: M.

2009. (15.v.): 32(1): 66

Palaeopsyche gen. n. (Psychidae) — Sobczyk, T. & Kobbert, M. J. 2009 (15.v.): 32(1): 17

pancaliella Staudinger, 1871 (Gelechia), LT; now: Aristotelia — Karsholt, O. & Savenkov, N. 2009 (16.

xi.): 32(2): 95.

perlinii Turati, 1914 (Psodos), LT; stat. n.; now: Psodos bentelii perlinii — Erlacher, S. & Junghans, C.—

2009 (15.v.): 32(1): 48

profusalis Warren, 1896 (Opsibotys), comb. n.; now: Anania — Trankner, A.; Li, H. & Nuss, M. 2009.

(15.v.): 32(1): 71

Pronomis Munroe & Mutuura, 1968 (Crambidae), syn. n. of Anania — Trankner, A.; Li, H. & Nuss, M.

2009. (15.v.): 32(1): 70

punctistrigaria Christoph, 1893 (Atomorpha), LT — Trofimova, T. A. 2009. (15.v.): 32(1): 59

ruwenzoriensis Maes, 1997 cEm@iaborys): comb. n.; now: Anania — Trankner, A.; Li, H. & Nuss, M. 2009.

(15.v.): 32(1): 72

secundum sp. n. (Palaeopsyche) — Sobczyk, T. & Kobbert, M. J. 2009 (15.v.): 32(1): 17

shafferi (Speidel & Hanigk, 1990) (Algedonia) — comb. n.; now: Anania — Trankner, A.; Li, H. SRS,

M. 2009. (15.v.): 32(1): 66

subfumalis Munroe & Mutuura, 1971 (Teneroborys), comb. n.; now: Anania — Trankner, A.; Li, H. &-

Nuss, M. 2009. (15.v.): 32(1): 71-

subfumalis continentalis Munroe & Mutuura, 1971 (Tenerobotys), comb. n.; now: Anania — Trankner, As

Li, H. & Nuss, M. 2009. (15.v.): 32(1): 71 —

teneralis Caradja, 1939 (Hapalia), comb. n.; now: Anania — Trankner, A.; Li, H. & Nuss, M. 2009. (45 eS

32%(1): 71

teneralis tsinlingalis Munroe & Mutuura, 1971 (Tenerobotys), comb. n.; now: Anania — = Tetainer, A; Li

H. & Nuss, M. 2009, (15.v.): 32(1): 71 "25g

Munroe & Mutuura, 1971 (Crambidae), syn. n. of Anania — Trinkner, A.; Li, Ht. & Nuss, ae:

2009. (15.v.): 32(1): 71 <<

ae transversum sp. n. (Palaeopsyche) — Sobezyk, T. & Kobbert, M. J. 2009 (15.v.): 32(1): 20 ar

One rpns raag 1954 sereatbiiee) mn n. of Anania — Trankner, po me H. & Nuss, } >

+ : 901 ( Pore eee ba ve Fe

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Zahlung wird auf das SEL-Konto 19 56 50 507 bei der Postbank Kéln (BLZ 370 100 50) erbeten

(IBAN: DE63 3701 0050 0195 6505 07; BIC: PBNKDEFF). Mitteilungen in Beitragsangelegen-

heiten werden an den Schatzmeister Dr. Robert Trusch, Staatliches Museum fiir Naturkunde.

Erbprinzenstr. 13, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany; e-mail: trusch@smnk.de erbeten. Adressenande-

rungen sollten umgehend dem Mitgliedssekretar oder dem Schatzmeister mitgeteilt werden.

Published by the Societas Europaea Lepidopterologica (SEL), Nota lepidopterologica is a scientific

journal that members of SEL receive as part of their membership. Authors who would like to submit

papers for publication in Nota lepidopterologica are asked to take into consideration the relevant

instructions for authors available on the SEL homepage at http://www.soceurlep.eu. The sales

of single and back issues of Nota lepidopterologica as well as sales to non-members of SEL are

under the responsibility of Apollo Books, Kirkeby Sand 19, DK-5771 Stenstrup; e-mail: apollo-

books@vip.cybercity.dk. The membership is open to individuals and associations as provided for by

the statutes of SEL. Applications for membership are to be addressed to the Membership Secretary

Willy De Prins, Dorpstraat 401 B, B-3061 Leefdaal, Belgium; e-mail: willy.de.prins@telenet.be.

The application form is available on the SEL homepage. The annual subscription is to be paid at

the beginning of the year. It is 35.00 € for individuals or 45.00 € for associations. The admission

fee is 2.50 €. Dues should be paid to SEL account no. 19 56 50 507 at Postbank K6ln [Cologne]

(bank code 370 100 50; IBAN: DE63 3701 0050 0195 6505 07; BIC: PBNKDEFF) or to local

treasures as mentioned on the website. Communications related to membership contributions

should be sent to the Treasurer Dr Robert Trusch, Staatliches Museum fiir Naturkunde,

Erbprinzenstr. 13, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany; e-mail: trusch@smnk.de. Changes of addresses

should be immediately communicated to the Membership Secretary or the Treasurer.

Publié par la Societas Europaea Lepidopterologica (SEL), Nota lepidopterologica est un péeniodique

scientifique envoyé a tous les membres de la SEL. Les auteurs qui désirent publier des manuserits

dans la revue sont priés de tenir compte des Instructions aux auteurs disponibles sur le site Web de

la SEL: http://www.soceurlep.eu. Les ventes de numéros supplémentaires ou d’anciens numeros

de Nota lepidopterologica, ainsi que les ventes de numéros aux personnes n’étant pas membres

de la SEL sont sous la responsabilité de Apollo Books, Kirkeby Sand 19, DK-5771 Stenstrup;

courriel: apollobooks@vip.cybercity.dk. Tel que prévu dans ses statuts, les individus de meme que

les associations peuvent devenir membres de la SEL. Les demandes d'adhésion doivent etre

envoyées au Secrétaire responsable des adhésions, Willy De Prins, Dorpstraat 401 B, B-306!

Leefdaal, Belgique; courriel: willy.de prins@telenet.be. Le formulaire d’adhésion est disponible sur

le site Web de la SEL. L'adhésion se paie au début de l'année. Elle est de 35 € pour les

individus et de 45 € pour les associations. Les frais d'admission sont de 250 €. Les paiements

peuvent étre envoyés au compte de la SEL: no. 19 56 50 507, Postbank Kéln [Cologne] (code

bancaire 370 100 50; IBAN: DE63 3701 0050 0195 6505 07; BIC: PBNKDEFF) ou au tresorer

: local tel que mentionné sur le site Web.. Toute question en rapport avec l'adhesion doit étre envoyee

au Trésorier, Dr. Robert Trusch, Staatliches Museum fiir Naturkunde, Erbprinzenstr. 13, 76133

Karlsruhe, Germany; courriel: trusch@smnk.de. Tout changement d'adresse doit cre mentionne

immédiatement au Secrétaire responsable des adhésions ou au Trésorier.