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NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAL.

Vor. XXIII, 1916.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE.

MH Fournal of Zoology

IN CONNECTION WITH THE TRING MUSEUM.

EDITED BY

LORD ROTHSCHILD, F.R.S., Px.D.,

Dr. ERNST HARTERT, anp Dr. K. JORDAN.

Vor. XXIII, 1916.

(WITH EIGHT PLATES.) A

I j x

\ 274 4 “.

N [7 § Owl We

2, HAB i

IssuED AT THE ZOOLOGICAL MUSEUM, TRING.

PRINTED BY HAZELL, WATSON & VINEY, Lp., LONDON AND AYLESBURY.

1916-1917.

Ly’, 7

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CONTENTS OF VOLUME XXIII. (1916).

AVES. ‘

Notes on Pigeons. (Illustrated.) Erxst Harrerr .

Notes on Glareola. Ernst HARTERT

Concerning the Occurrence of Hrolia bairdit in South-West Africa.

Ernst HARTERT.

What is the Correct Name of hs ae toed Stint ”? Ernst HARTERT

On the Forms of Burhinus oedicnemus. Ernst HARTERT

On the Birds figured in the Atlas to Krusenstern’s Voyage round the

World. Ernst Hartert

Weiteres zur Avifauna von Timor. C. E, Hetumayr

Errors in Quotations. Ernst HARTERT

On the Forms of Rhodinocichla rosea. ERNST HARTERT . :

What is the Correct Name of the Arabian Sea Tern? Ernst Harrert

. On some Forms of Coracina from the Solomon Islands. Lorp Rors-

SCHILD and Ernst HARTERT

The Alleged Occurrence of Arenaria melanocephala in India. Ernst

HARTERT

. On the European Forms of Phalacrocorax carbo, ERNST HARTERT .

More Erroneous Quotations and other Errors, Ernst HARTERT

. A new Monarcha from Rossel Island. Lorp Roruscuinp and Ernst

HARTERT

. Description of a New Larvivora, E. ©. Stuart BAKER .

The Name of the Central European Cormorant. Ernst HARTERT .

One of the Rarest Birds (Plate I.). Ernst HARTERT

Notes on the Little Bustard. (Plate II... Ernst Harrerr .

On the Name of the “ Auklets.” Ernst HARTERT,

. The Distribution of Columba gymnophthalma. Ernst HARTERT

HYMENOPTERA.

List of some Hymenoptera from Algeria and the M’Zab Se Rev.

F. D. Morice

COLEOPTERA.

On the Oriental Anthribid Genus Apolecta. KARL JORDAN

Anthribidae collected by I. Vitalis de Salvaza in French Indo-China.

(Illustrated.) Karn Jorpan

PAGES

78288

89—91

92, 93

94, 95

96—111

112—114

229

288

289 —291

291, 292

293—295

295, 296

297

298

318

335, 336

337—339

339, 340

341

241—246

342349

359—363

Cw)

LEPIDOPTERA.

1. New Genera and Species of Indo-Australian Geometridae. Louis B. Prour

2. Corrections of and Additions to our “Revision of the Sphingidae.”

(Illustrated.) Lorp Rornscuitp and Kari Jorpan. :

3. A New Species of Geometridae from New Guinea. KARL Jorpan .

4. Notes on Arctiidae. (Illustrated.) Kari Jorpan

5. New Neotropical Geometridae. Louis B. Prout

6. New Indo-Australian Geometridae. Louis B. Prout

7. A New Orthostixis (Family Geometridae), Louis B. Prout

8. New Oriental Moctwidae in the Tring Museum. W. Warren ;

9. Some New Palaearctic Noctwidae in the Tring Museum. W. Warren .

10. Descriptions of New Species of the Family Arctiadae in the British

Museum. GEORGE F. Hampson . . 2 6 :

11. Further Corrections of and Additions to our “ Revision of the Sphingidae.”

(Illustrated.) Lorp RoruscHiLn and KARL JORDAN

12. Some New Arctiadae. orp ROTHSCHILD.

13. New African Geometridae. Louis B. Prout N . ‘ 2

14. Some Notes of a Faunal and other Nature on the Lepidoptera collected

by Herr Geyr von Schweppenburg in the Hoggar Mountains,

Lorp RoTHScHILD 9 :

15. Notes on Amathusiidae, Brassolidae, Morphidae, etc., with Descriptions of

New Forms (Plates IIIL.—VI.). Lorp Roruscninp .

16. On the Lepidoptera sent by Mr. A. 8. Meek from the Admiralty Telanas

Dampier, and Vulcan Islands wv 'ontinued vol, wwiü.). LORD

ROTHSCHILD :

17. On the Species: of Sbiiabrece ys in the Tring Meee (Plates ‘Vit,

VIII). Kart Jordan

INDEX .

PAGES

115—123

123

124—150

151—190

191—209

209

210 —227

230—240

247—263

264—271

272—286

287—288

299—318

319—334

350— 358

365—388

LIST OF PLATES IN VOLUME XXIII.

I. Callaeops periophthalmica, Coloured fig. by H. Grönvold.

II. Wing of the Male of Ofis tetras. By H. Grönvold.

I1J.—VI. Butterflies, Larvae, and Pupae of the Families Amathusiidae, Brassolidae,

Morphidae. From specimens and sketches by Horace Knight.

VII., VIII. Structure of Somabrachys. By Karl Jordan.

The Parts of this Volume were issued as follows:

Part I. (pages 1—150): April 14th, 1916.

Part II. (pages 151—298): September 25th, 1916.

Part III. (pages 299—363, Plates I.—VIII.): December Ist, 1916,

Part IV. (Index, Title-page, Contents, and Errata): February 20th, 1917.

vii

ERRATA AND CORRECTIONS.

Page 97, line 19: “ Astuw” should read “ Astur.”

Page 317, line 35: By some careless oversight it has been stated that Mr. Kaye “had

advanced the theory that eugenia is the dry-season form of adonis.” It should have

been “‘the wet-season form.”

Page 337, line 18: “about 2 cm. shorter than the fourth” should read: “about 2 cm.

shorter than the fifth.”

Page 338, lines 26 and 27: By some carelessness the measurements of the wings have

been reversed—the western birds being the smaller, the eastern the larger ones,

viii

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAL.

Zatsonian Instiy Up

JUN 6 1916

%ona| Museu"

A Fournal of Zoolog

EDITED BY

LORD ROTHSCHILD, F.R.S., Pr.D.,

Dr. ERNST HARTERT, ann Dr. K. JORDAN.

Vor. XXI.

No, Al:

Pages 1—159.

IssuED Aprin 14TH, ar THE ZooLocicaL Musrum, TRING,

PRINTED BY HAZELL, WATSON & VINEY, Lp., LONDON AND AYLESBURY.

1916.

Vor. XXIII.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE, -

EDITED BY

LORD ROTHSCHILD, ERNST HARTERT, and KARL JORDAN.

CONTENTS OF NO. J.

1, NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF INDO-

AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE. . Lowis B. Prout . el,

2. NOTES ON PIGEONS (ILLUSTRATED) . . Ernst Hartert . . 78—88

3. NOTES ON GLAREOLA . : : : . Ernst Hartert . 5 s9I—9I1_

4. CONCERNING THE OCCURRENCE OF

EROLIA BAIRDII IN SOUTH-WEST

AFRICA . : 5 ö : : . Ernst Hartert 5 RE 91

5. WHAT IS THE CORRECT NAME OF THE :

“LONG-TOED STINT”? . : 3 . Ernst Hartert . . 92—93

6. ON THE.FORMS OF BURHINUS OEDIC-

NEMUS . i E : = i . Ernst Hartert 2 ; : 93

7. ON THE BIRDS FIGURED IN THE ATLAS

TO KRUSENSTERN’S VOYAGE ROUND > ;

THE WORLD . 3 : 5 3 . Ernst Hartert 5 { 9495 -

8. WEITERES ZUR AVIFAUNA VON TIMOR (.E. Hellmayr . ge.

9. ERRORS IN QUOTATIONS . .. .. . ‘Ernst Hartert . . 112114

10. CORRECTIONS OF AND ADDITIONS. TO

OUR “REVISION OF THE SPHINGI-

DAE” (ILLUSTRATED) . 5 . Lord Rothschild and K. Jordan 115—123

11. A NEW SPECIES OF GEOMETRIDAE FROM

NEW GUINEA : : ; ; . K. Jordan . 7.123

124—150

12. NOTES ON ARCTIIDAE (ItvusTrArep) . . K. Jordan

sxnsonian Ins¢j,, > ~

a 06

JUN 6 1916

Nox

“onal Museu®

INOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE.

Vol. XXIII. APRIL 1916. No. 1,

NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN

GHOMETRIDAE.

By LOUIS B. PROUT, F.E.S.

SuspramMity OENOCHROMINAE

1. Dichromodes exocha sp. nov.

d, 27 mm. Head whitish grey, irrorated and dotted with dark fuscous,

Palpus rather more than twice as long as diameter of eye; above mixed whitish

grey and dark fuscous, sides blackish fuscous, first joint beneath sharply whitish.

Antennal pectinations about three times diameter of shaft. Thorax and abdomen

whitish grey, mixed with fuscous ; forefemur fuscous on inner side, foretibia and

tarsus fuscous except at extremities of joints; hindtibia slender.

Forewing shaped about as in stilbiata Guen,; whitish grey, rather glossy, the

markings blackish fuscous ; a fine, slightly curved line near the base; a thicker

but less dark line shortly beyond; a strong, fairly straight line from before

one-fourth costa to beyond one-fourth hindmargin, accompanied distally by a

dark shade which narrows to a point on costa; a rather narrow median band,

its proximal edge indented on the veins, its distal with a moderate double pro-

jection in the middle and curving distad at hindmargin; an elongate-oval black

cell-mark in this band (distally to its middle); a fine, slightly sinuous brown

line nearly 3 mm. from termen, separated by a whitish grey line from a sharp

blackish subterminal band, narrower and better-defined than that of stilbiata

swollen near costa and again at hindmargin, and with a double distal projection

at R’-M!, reaching about halfway to termen; terminal line very slender or

obsolescent, but with very sharp triangular black dots (almost wedges) between

the veins; fringe weakly dark-spotted opposite the veins. Hindwing fascous,

slightly paler at costa; faint traces of a sinuous pale postmedian line, best

expressed at abdominal margin, where it is followed (towards tornus) by weak

beginnings of alternately dark and pale lines.

Forewing beneath pale fuscous, with a darker submarginal band, its distal

edge (especially anteriorly) darkest ; a slight pale shade proximally to this band,

Hindwing beneath slightly more irrorated with whitish grey, the subterminal

band and its proximal pale shade better expressed.

Kelso, New South Wales, January 19-31, 1902 (A. Simmons), 2 dd in coll.

Tring Museum.

2 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

2. Heteralex aspersa albescens subsp. nov.

d?, 40-42 mm. Larger and much clearer white than A. aspersa aspersa

Warr. from Burma and the Malay Peninsula, the discal and terminal dots stronger,

thus superficially recalling the pale forms of A. rectilineata Guen.

Hainan: Wuteryang (type) and Mount Wuchi, May 1903, in coll. Tring Mus.

Also from Formosa,

3. Heteralex unilinea (Swinh.)

Epidesma unilinea Swinh., Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1902, p. 640 (Tasmania, in err.).

Heteralex aspersa part. Prout, Gen. Ins. fase. 104, p. 61 (Hong-Kong).

I find that H. wnilinea Swinh., from Hong-Kong and Hainan, which I have

hitherto sunk to aspersa, is a distinct, though exceedingly similar species, with

the $ antenna shortly bipectinate (in aspersa merely serrate), the termen of forewing

slightly more convex, its line not quite so oblique, hence reaching costal margin

1 or 2 mm. before the apex; the discal dot of the hindwing better developed.

4. Derambila candidissima sp. nov.

3%, 20-32 mm. Head white. Palpus white, tipped with fuscous, a fuscous

spot at end of first joint, Antennal ciliation moderately long. Thorax, abdomen

and legs white, the hairs beneath abdomen and in hindtibial pencil partly light

ochreous brown.

Forewing pure, glossy white ; lines blackish fuscous, composed of moderately

large vein-dots ; antemedian with the dot on M farthest from the base ; postmedian

fairly straight from SC’ at 25 mm. from termen to M! at 3 mm. from termen, and

again from M? at 45 mm. from termen to hindmargin, the dot .on SM? slightly

enlarged, more or less confluent with one at hindmargin; discal dot large, triangular

(as in extreme zincaria) ; subterminal line greyish, shadowy, very slightly inter-

rupted at each cell-fold; terminal black dots sharp. Hindwing with SC? not

stalked ; without first line, cell-dot small, postmedian line rather more noticeably

sinuous than on forewing.

Underside much more weakly marked, excepting the cell-dots.

Dampier Island, February and March 1914 (Meek’s expedition), type in coll.

Tring Mus. Also from Rook Island, Astrolabe Bay (German New Guinea), Kumusi

River (N.E. British New Guinea), and Goodenough Island, in the same collection.

5. Derambila rectiscripta sp. nov.

Closely related to dentifera Moore (= efila Swinh.), but with rather longer

d antennal pectinations, and distinguishable at a glance by the broader, less

interrupted postmedian line of the forewing; this runs straight from the black

spot on R! to the middle of hindmargin, not sinuate as in dentifera ; the brownish

spots close to termen are likewise rather better defined than in that species, and

the postmedian line of the hindwing ends in a more sharply blackish (though

smaller) inner-marginal spot. .

Kapaur, Dutch New Guinea, low country, December 1896, type in coll. Tring

Mus. Also from Ron Island and the Kei Islands, and in my collection from

Kabroor (Aru Islands) and Fak-Fak (Dutch New Guinea).

Both rectiscripta and dentifera have hitherto been confused with satelliata

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAL XXIII, 1916, 3

Walk. (= galactina Th.-Mieg), which is only known from Celebes, the Sula

Islands and Ceram. dentifera inhabits N. India, Hainan, Formosa and Talaut,

and the three may be regarded as representative species, but I think have passed

beyond the stage of subspecies.

6. Derambila strigicosta brunneicosta subsp. nov.

Differs from D. strigicosta strigicosta Warr. (from New Guinea and its satellite

islands) in several particulars, which perhaps indicate even a separate species.

Forewing with apex in d perhaps slightly more produced ; costal area suffused

with light brownish, recalling that of Zumenaria Hb.; discal dot small (in

strigicosta strigicosta always large), spots larger, more inclining to become con-

fluent; terminal spots light brown, not black. Hindwing with the postmedian

line and terminal spots showing the same distinctions.

Solomon Islands: Choiseul, Vella Lavella, Gizo, New Georgia, Rendova,

S. Christoval. Type from 8. Christoval, April 19-29, 1908 (A. S. Meek) in

coll, Tring Mus.

7. Callipotnia allognota sp. nov.

8%, 37-41 mm. Closely similar to the two already known species ; distal

margin of forewing (especially in the ?) slightly more sinuate in anterior half, the

apex consequently appearing more produced. The dark colourmg and the sharp

angulation of the line of the hindwing (though this is generally not quite so strong

beneath) recall angulifera Prout (Nov. Zool. xx. 394), but the elbow in the post-

median line of the forewing is rounded, nearly as in multicolor Warr., though not

quite so broadly. The projection in front of R! of the forewing is more acutely

pointed than in either, and the discal spot of this wing generally much larger, The

hindtibial hair-pencil of the d appears to be less strong than in the other species,

but is ensheathed in both the examples. But the most definite structural difference

which I have discovered in the three species is in the hairy clothing of the ¢

hindwing beneath, and is as follows :

multicolor Warr. Much reddish hair at base; a long dark tuft on M proxi-

mally to origin of M?; shorter, brownish hair on M distally and at base

of M!, also on SM’.

allognota Prout. Less strong reddish hair at base; no long dark tuft on M,

the short brownish hair stronger, encroaching into cell, between SM? and

fold, ete.

angulifera Prout. Nearly as the preceding, but with strong brown, partly

red-mixed clothing on distal part of SC and base of SC? and Rt.

Biagi, Mambare River, British New Guinea, 5000 ft., April 1906; 234,229,

February 1906, 1? (A. 8. Meek), in coll. Tring Mus.

8. Alex ochracea sp. nov.

Closely akin to palparia Walk., of which it might almost be regarded as a

subspecies except that the d antennal pectinations are appreciably longer. Ground-

colour brighter ochraceous, the oblique transverse line always well developed, the

dark irroration rarely so strong as in palparia, a narrow clear area always persisting

4 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

proximally to the oblique line. Hindwing on an average less bulged in the middle

than in palparia, distal half of fringe not darkened.

Celebes, widely distributed, the type from S. Celebes, August—September

1891 (W. Doherty); Sula Mangoli; Batchian. All in coll. Tring Mas.

The brightest examples strongly recall on the upperside A. continuaria Walk.,

with which it has probably been confused; but the lack of yellow costal margin of

hindwing, the continuation of the line of the hindwing to the costal edge, less

yellow underside and other characters readily distinguish it.

9. Conolophia nigripuncta rudis subsp. nov.

3%. Nearest to the rare aberrations of name-typical nigripuncta Hmpsn..

in which the line of hindwing is weak above, entirely wanting beneath, the

entire underside much spotted and blotched with grey. Distinguished by the

strong dark markings of the forewing above, in particular by thick, elongate black

spots on. the hindmargin of the forewing at the end of the postmedian and

the (otherwise almost entirely obsolete) antemedian line and conspicuous black

dots placed on the postmedian of the same wing on SC? and the radials and

medians, tending to increase progressively in size posteriorly, so that on the

medians they become confluent. In the d there is also a large blackish cloud

about the cell-spot, and a similar tendency, though less developed, is indicated

in the ?.

Penrisen Mountains, Sarawak, June 1892 (A. Everett), type and another 3

and 5 22 in coll. Tring Mus.; Kina Balu, N. Borneo, 2 dd in the same

collection.

Perhaps a distinct species.

10. Naxa textilis parvipuncta subsp. nov.

Differs from name-typical fextilis Walk. in having the large discal ocellus

of each wing reduced to a small dark spot or dot ; subterminal dots also reduced

in size.

S. India, the most extreme form known to me inhabiting the Nilgiris. Type,

Nilgiris, in coll. Tring Mus.

11. Celerena semperi sp. nov.

Celerena eucnemis Semper, Reisen Philipp. (2) vi. 623 (1901) (mec Feld.).

3, 68 mm. Similar to palawanica Pagenst., differing as follows: Palpus

with third joint slightly longer. Proximal joints of antenna with longer ciliation

(apparently not much shorter than diameter of shaft, but unfortunately a little

affected by mould; in palawanica a mere pubescence), first joint of tarsus with

the residue beyond the process half as long again (fully 1 mm.).

Forewing with the first band much broader (2 mm.) and straight, the black

proximal edging to the grey border also much broader. Hindwing with the

proximal edging of the grey border correspondingly broadened ; beneath without

the dark costal edging of palawanica C.

Samar, Philippines, June—July 1896 (J. Whitehead). Type in coll.

Tring Mus.

It is practically certain, from his brief remarks, that this is the euenemis of

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 5

Semper, to whom I dedicate the species, but I do not erect it as “nom. nov.”

Similarly (though unaccountably, as he had access to Felder’s type) Mr. Warren

has labelled the Samar example euenemis Feld. Semper had before him a very

long series from Camiguin, N. of Mindanao, and inclined to regard it as the

southern representative of the northern and western palawanica, which he had

from Luzon, Mindoro, Ylin, Camotes and Palawan; but the range seems to

overlap, and the structural differences are too marked.

12. Celerena mitis evitans subsp. nov.

Differs from name-typical mitis Warr. in that the yellow ground-colour

encroaches into the black along hindmargin almost to tornus, the black band

meeting the black border along SM?; in'mitis mitis black proximal clouding from

the band runs to the bindmargin well before tornus. In the d the distinction is

often less striking than in the 2, as some black shading shows faintly through

from the underside; but in both sexes the character is racially constant. On an

average larger and more deeply coloured than the name-type.

Solomon Islands, distributed from Bougainville to Guadalcanar. Type from

Kulambangra, March 1, 1901 (A. 8. Meek), in coll. Tring Mus.

Celerena mitts was founded on a single example from Sudest Island, from

which locality it remains unique; and is rather nnusually pale, with narrow

borders. But it does not at present seem necessary to separate from it the form

which occurs on Woodlark and St. Aignan, and which has been taken into account

in the above comparisons.

13. Celerena perithea keiensis subsp. nov.

Larger than perithea perithea Cram. (= connexa Walk., stenospila Warr.),

more brightly and deeply coloured, the yellow postdiscal band of forewing in both

sexes broad (about 7 mm.), its distal edge posteriorly somewhat crenulate, the

yellow proximal patch freer from dark dasting, usually also projecting along

hindmargin—sometimes almost to tornus.

Kei Islands. Type from Great Kei (H. Kühn) in coll. Tring Mas.

14. Celerena probola sp. nov.

3,61 mm.; ?, 56-58 mm. Similar to prodroma Meyr. (= remutata Prout),

but belonging to the structure-group of pallidicolor Warr. and exacta Warr., the

sexual clothing of the ¢ antenna developed, commencing rather near the base (but

with a rather prominent tuft at about one-third, almost recalling that of lerne Bsd.

or cana Warr.), the hindtarsus of ¢ with the second joint over twice as long as the

unthickened extremity of first joint ; tibial and tarsal processes fuscous.

Forewing with the black median band slightly more curved basewards at

costa than in prodroma (at least the proximal edge), posteriorly not abbreviated,

joining the narrow border along SM’. Hindwing with the black border narrow,

about one-half the width of that of normal prodroma.

Forewing beneath with the black band not thickened; hindwing beneath with

the black border not continued along the distal part of costa.

Humboldt Bay, New Guinea, September—October 1892 (W. Doherty). Type

do and 2 $ $ in coll. Tring Mus.

6 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1910,

15. Celerena mutatipes sp. nov.

3, 57-60 mm. Head yellow, on vertex sometimes mixed with black. Palpus

with third joint small ; yellow, the extreme upper edge, end of second joint, and

third joint black. Antenna with the proximal segments not ciliated, the modified

sexual scales commencing quite near base. Collar yellow, somewhat marked with

black. Thorax and abdomen yellow. Hindtibia yellow, the terminal process

mixed with grey, longer than the first tarsal joint. Hindtarsus with first joint not

very long, the triangular process strong, reaching nearly to its end, with the outer

angle rounded off ; mixed with grey; second joint fully three times as long as the

unthickened extremity of the first.

Forewing rather narrow; furrow in cell strong; bright gold-yellow ; costal

margin black from base to transverse baud; black band moderately broad, from

costa before middle to tornus, joining a not very narrow black distal border, which

widens gradually into the usual apical patch ; the enclosed yellow area about as

broad as the distance from its distal edge to apex. Hindwing concolorous, with

the black border of medinm width, somewhat wider in anterior half than in posterior,

its proximal edge not very regularly rounded.

Upper Aroa River, British New Guinea, January—March 1903 (A. S. Meek).

Type and others in coll. Tring Mus. Ekeikei, British Central New Guinea,

1500 ft., Jannary—April 1903 (A. E. Pratt); two pairs in coll. Brit. Mus.

Hasily distinguished by the proportions and structure of the d hindleg.

? smaller (48-54 mm.), usually with more black on front of thorax, the band

across the forewing broader. Both sexes are, however, strongly variable in the

latter respect, producing aberrations in which this band is as wide as the yellow

space between it and the base. Ina din my collection, merely labelled German

New Guinea, it is on the contrary narrower than in any Aroa River specimen

known to me, and the black of the distal margin is (except in its proximal part)

greyer ; hindleg clearer yellow. This will probably prove a local race, superficially

recalling the structurally distinct species mitis Warr.

Suspram. HEMITHEINAE,

16. Archaeobalbis cristata subspoliata subsp. nov.

3 ?,55-57 mm. Differs from cristata cristata Warr. (=subopalina) as follows:

Larger, both wings slightly broader, the termen slightly more convex, the

cell-spots beneath somewhat enlarged, the submarginal band beneath without red

admixture, on the forewing broad anteriorly, tending to obsolescence posteriorly

and especially in middle (R’—M!).

Nilgiris, type d and 2; Coorg (Mercara), a ?; all in coll. Tring Mus.

Probably replaces cristata cristata throughout Southern India.

17. Archaeobalbis cristata nigrescentipalpis subsp. nov.

Like sharply marked examples of cristata cristata Warr.—with the following

differences :

Palpus at tip (third joint and especially end of second joint) black or blackish.

Foreleg rather more mixed with black. Hindwing with termen slightly more

regularly convex. Both wings above with the dark shades (especially the proximal)

NovIvATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. by)

rather more mixed with reddish. Submarginal band of forewing beneath inter-

rupted, black, placed on a very slightly reddish-flushed area; of hindwing wholly

black.

S. Celebes, Angust—September 1891 (W. Doherty), 4 dd in coll. Tring Mus.

Perhaps a distinct species; suwstepens Walk., with different ¢ hindtibia,

occupies the intervening area.

18. Pingasa aravensis sp. nov.

3, 53 mm.; 2,58 mm. Face velvety black in upper half, cream-colour in

lower. Palpus with third joint elongate (in d about 1 mm.—one-third of palpus ;

in ? about 1:5 mm.—nearly one-half of palpus) ; cream-colour, the first and second

joints with dark mark along outer side. Vertex, thorax, and abdomen cream-

colour to whitish. Femora and tibiae in ¢ yellower ; tarsi fuscous.

Forewing white, with a faint pinkish tinge; the irroration rather sparse,

mostly grey or black, slightly interspersed with ochreons; lines black ; antemedian

fine, the angles in cell and submedian area strong, especially the latter; cell-mark

not very intense; postmedian line strong, at least posteriorly, from a costal spot

9 or 10 mm. before apex, about parallel with termen in posterior half, rather less

oblique in anterior, the teeth strong, but less open (especially in anterior part)

than in Zamaria Walk.; the posterior half with marked lunules inwards ; distal

area mixed rufous and grey (intermediate between dariaria Walk. and nobilis

Prout), interrupted by the thick, rather regularly dentate, subterminal line, slight

white terminal spots at apex anda strong white spot from R* to the fold behind

M!.— — Hindwing with the crests strong ; antemedian line and cell-spot wanting ;

a reddish sprinkling about R* and M' and at abdominal margin, between the crests

and postmedian line; distal area as in forewing.

Both wings beneath orange-ochraceous proximally to the cell-spot, rather

darker orange at abdominal margin of hindwing; both wings with black cell-spot,

that of forewing large; the succeeding area white; a broad black marginal band,

leaving free on the forewing a white patch from apex to R! and a second from

radial fold or R? to behind M!, on the hindwing an elongate white patch from

radial fold to M?, a small one at fold, very narrowly connected with the preceding

along termen, and very small, very narrowly connected spots behind SC? and

behind R!; fringes white, that of forewing slightly fuscous-marked between the

radials.

Arawa, Bougainville, December 1907 (A. S. Meek). A pair in coll. Tring

Museum.

The first known Pingasa from the Solomons. Palpus of d with longer third

joint than in Zariaria Walk. and nobilis Prout.

19. Pingasa pseudoterpnaria gracilis subsp. nov.

Pingasa gracilis Warr. MS.

Both wings above less strongly dusted with dark olive-brown than in pseudo-

terpnaria pseudoterpnaria Guen. from Japan and pseudoterpnaria tephrosiaria

Guen. from N.W. India, thus superficially resembling chlora Cram., from which it

is distinguishable by the shorter third joint of the palpus in the 3, the shape of the

antemedian and postmedian lines in the submedian area, the longer teeth of the

8 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAK XXIII. 1916.

postmedian, with sharper dark dot at the end of each tooth, and the distinct discal

spot of hindwing beneath. The submarginal band of the underside is on an average

narrower than in the other races, but varies considerably in all the forms ; the fore-_

wing beneath lacks the dark suffusion which in the other races is so often present

behind the cell.

Assam: Khasi and Naga Hills, Shillong; Shan States: Maymyo. Type

from the Khasis in coll, Tring Mus.

20. Hypodoxa multidentata sp. nov.

3,44 mm. Coloration of upperside about as in H. emiliaria Guen., but with

the hair-tuft of the hindwing more rufous; differs at a glance in the antemedian

line of the forewing, which forms four strong teeth proximad and three (besides a

smaller costal one) distad, the middle one of the three latter larger but somewhat

less acute, the other two very black and thick; the postmedian line is more

strongly curved proximad at costa and here somewhat thickened, very slightly bent

inwards between the radials and only slightly outwards on R? and M!, otherwise

similar to that of the emiliaria forms; that of the hindwing shows a rather

marked proximad bent between the radials. Underside quite different from the

emiliaria group, more recalling muscosaria Guen., etc. ; pale greyish, with large

blackish cell-marks and broad dark borders, occupying at least two-thirds of the

area between cell-marks and termen, its proximal margin nearly even throughout, a

small pale spot at costa of forewing, but no other pale spots; extreme termen and

fringe again pale.

Malay Peninsula (Adams). Type in coll. Tring Mus.

Three ? 2 in the same collection—Penang, November 1898 (Curtis), Mount

Marapok, Dent Province, British North Borneo, and “ Borneo” without further

detail—show the species to be rather variable in colour on the upperside. Larger

than the d, median area of forewing more or less pale, distal area and most of

hindwivg with strong suffusions of rufous and blackish in varying proportions.

Easily known by the underside.

21. Hypodoxa regina sp. nov.

?,48 mm. Face and palpus liver-brown mixed with black, the palpus pale

beneath. Vertex green. Thorax green, mixed on tegulae and on metathoracic

tuft with liver-brown and black; beneath partly pale brownish, partly ochre-yellow.

Abdomen pale brownish, dorsally tinged with green and mixed with liver-brown,

on sides ochre-yellow, first segment with a pale dorsal belt, containing some black

scales at its extremities,

Forewing pale green, somewhat mixed with white in middle; markings liver-

brown, mixed with black scales, the black prevailing in the proximal region; an

irregular patch at base, from M to hindmargin ; first line strong, from costa at

4 mm. to hindmargin at 5 mm. or beyond, tolerably direct, but with small teeth

distally ; accompanied proximally by an irregular band, which commences about

SC and widens to hindmargin; discal dot small, black; postmedian line not thick,

only in anterior part distinct, posteriorly green with a few black scales; dentate

outwards on the veins and fold; arising at two-thirds costa, almost parallel with

termen to radial fold, projecting distad in two stronger teeth on R? and M!, then

strongly oblique inwards, forming a strong proximad curve between M? and SM?,

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 9

thence nearly vertical to hindmargin little beyond middle ; a band between this and

the subterminal; subterminal formed of small teeth anteriorly and large whiter

ones posteriorly ; a line distally to the subterminal, except between radial fold and

M'; longitudinal patches from this to termen at R? and between M! and submedian

fold ; termen with dark interneural dots, that behind R* greener, that behind M?

elongate into a short line; fringe greenish proximally, whitish distally ; irregularly

spotted opposite the veins. Hindwing with the postmedian line central, less

strongly inbent posteriorly than on forewing; ground-colour mainly liver-brown

(black-speckled) to beyond this line, only with some green in the crests, cell-mark

strong, deep black, the black shading also strong about the origin of the medians

and at abdominal margin; distal area more nearly as on forewing, subterminal line

feeble, additional liver-brown spots towards apex.

Forewing beneath with costal edge pale brownish ; a bright ochre-yellow streak

behind C from base to near middle ; a very large black cell-spot, about which the

ground-colour is white, while posteriorly it is mostly pinkish ; a broad, proximally

sinuous-edged submarginal band of very deep purple (almost black), containing

white subterminal dots, and throwing out projections to the termen at R? and

between M' and fold; border otherwise dirty white; fringe spotted. Hindwing

with a narrow, slightly bent, white postmedian band ; proximally to this ochre-

yellow, becoming dark-dusted in distal part and containing a large black cell-spot ;

distal area as on forewing, subterminal dots obsolete.

Rook Island, July 1913 (A. S. Meek). Type in coll. Tring Mus.

22. Aeolochroma viridimedia sp. nov.

3, 46-48 mm. Exceedingly like prasina Warr., differing as follows:

Antennal ciliation longer (nearly as long as diameter of shaft). Ground-colour

somewhat lighter and yellower green, in places with rather denser dark irroration.

Forewing with a more or less developed dark shade or band just proximally to

the median area; median area predominantly of the ground-colour, only darkened

in the vicinity of the antemedian line and slightly in the distal projection of the

postmedian, the light-blue and white scaling in submedian area (sometimes indi-

cated in prasina) usually developed into a conspicuous patch; antemedian line

more deeply projecting in cell; postmedian more strongly dentate, with a rather

stronger. outward projection between R! and M!; discal dot beneath smaller.

Hindwing beneath entirely without black shading at abdominal margin; postmedian

white band broader ; distal black band more mixed with red, especially in apical

region (in one aberration from Ninay Valley predominantly red).

Biagi, Mambare River, British New Guinea, 5000 ft., February— April 1906

- (A.S. Meek), 8 dd, including type; Ninay Valley, Central Arfak Mountains, Dutch

New Guinea, November 1908— January 1909, 2 dd; all in coll. Tring Mus.

Smaller and shorter-winged than intima Prout, which has similar d antenna;

differently coloured, etc.

A ¢ from Biagi which probably belongs here is extremely like the 9 of

albifusaria Walk., but smaller, less richly coloured, the discal dots small, some

light-blue and white scales developed in the same position as in the d, the white

postdiscal patch of the forewing less conspicuous than in albifusaria, narrower and

differently placed, running obliquely from DC?, bounded anteriorly by SC, the dark

line or shade proximally to the subterminal less developed.

10 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

23. Aeolochroma prasina angustifascia subsp. nov.

3. Differs from name-typical prasina Warr. in having the median band of

the forewing narrowed (posteriorly 2 mm. against 3 or 4 mm.), postmedian line

(especially of hindwing) much less indented between SC? (SU?) and R!, discal spots

enlarged, forewing beneath with the black border strong, hindwing beneath with

strong blackish clouding in submedian area proximally to the postmedian line, the

black border very strong, narrowing suddenly on reaching submedian fold.

?. Band of forewing less narrowed, obsolescent anteriorly ; forewing, except

basally and costally, and entire hindwing with dull purple suffusions, more recalling

albifusaria Walk. ab. (? subsp.), suffusa Warr.; postmedian line as in d ; under-

surface not more suffused than in prasina prasina, discal spots large,

Dampier Island, February—March 1914 (Meek’s expedition). Type in coll.

Tring Mus.

24. Aeolochroma albifusaria (Walk.).

2. Boarmia albifusaria Walk., List Lep. Ins, xxxv. 1589 (1866) (Mysol).

d. Actenochroma (?) prasina ab. suffusa Warr., Nov. Zool. iii. 283 (1896) (Fergusson Island).

d- Aeolochroma suffusa Prout, Gen. Ins. fase. 129. p. 36 (1912).

I have seen no example from Mysol except Walker’s badly discoloured type,

but now that I am acquainted with both sexes in good condition from different

parts of Dutch New Guinea I can with confidence sink Warren’s suffusa. The dd

entirely lack the white patches which generally characterise the ?, and this—

together with the fact of his having mistaken a rather dark aberration of prasina

for the 2 to his swfusa—accounts for Warren’s and my own failure to discover

the synonymy. On the other hand it is still possible that sufusa may prove

tenable as a subspecies; although the dd seem quite indistinguishable, the only ?

which I have yet seen from Fergusson Island (the original locality) entirely lacks

the white patches of name-typical albifusaria, and the same applies to the 2 form

from some parts of British New Guinea. But the range of the albifusaria and the

suffusa form appears somewhat to overlap in that country, and although I have not

yet seen both forms from any single locality, I shall not be surprised if they prove

to be mere aberrations. Hitherto the ? has been but rarely taken.

25. Dysphania numana buruensis subsp. nov.

3. Forewing with all the yellow patches white, the postdiscal ones between the

radials not materially reduced, the elongate one between R? and M! (often obso-

lescent in the other races) conspicuous ; no pale spot at middle of hindmargin.

Hindwing with the large discal patch white, the cell-mark not (as is generally the

case in numana peregrina Bastelb.) enlarged, the yellow submarginal spots not

reduced.

Kayeli, Buru, March 1897 (W. Doherty). 3 ¢¢ in coll. Tring Mus.

The Obi race, peregrina Bastelb., is sometimes almost equally devoid of yellow,

but differs markedly in the reduction of the postdiscal spots; the subform of

peregrina from Morty, Halmaheira and Batjan (albipunctulata Bastelb.) is scarcely

worth keeping separate therefrom, but is, curiously enough, slightly intermediate in

coloration between the Obi form and Cramer’s name-type from Ceram and Amboina,

I do not think that helenetta Walk. (Ceram) is more than an aberration.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 11

26. Dysphania hyperedys sp. nov.

3%, 80-88 mm. Head and upperside of thorax deep purple, marked with

yellow on collar, patagia and tegulae. Breast yellow. Legs deep purple. Abdo-

men bright yellow, not banded; at base mixed with cream-colour above and with

purple beneath.

Forewing not very narrow ; deep purple with the markings opaque, whitish

eream-colour, in part faintly suffused with purple; a yellow spot at base of SC,

sometimes (especially in the single 2) extended as a short line along the vein; an

elongate median patch between SC and M (-R°) extending 5 or 4 mm. proximally

and distally of the very large cell-spot; a small triangular spot behind it (from

origin of M' to that of M?), only separated from it by the purple median vein; a

still smaller spot (sometimes almost obliterated) behind M? and a long narrow patch

at middle of hindmargin, bounded in front by SM’, tapering to a point proximally ;

subterminal spots connected into a strongly sinuous line or very narrow band, or

merely very slightly interrupted at MI. Hindwing with termen well rounded,

only a little straighter from SC? about to R?, thus appearing slightly bent at SC? ;

deep purple at base, then with a very extended whitish-cream band, roughly oblong

but with a small anterior projection across SC to C; cell-spot small or moderate,

generally touching the anterior margin of the whitish area; distal border deep

purple, from R? nearly to abdominal margin with a paler purple proximal suffusion

the contained cadmium-yellow band seldom interrupted, though always much con-

stricted at R?; commencing in front of R! (sometimes at SC?), well away from

termen, it suddenly widens at R* so as to touch termen, containing three or four

irregular interneural purple spots, that behind M! largest, that in front of M!

moderate, the posterior 2 very small, the last sometimes obsolete ; fringe in pos-

terior half yellow, purple-spotted between the veins.

Underside quite similar.

Yanuta, 8. Christoval, April 19-29, 1908 (A. S. Meek). 7 dd, 1 in coll.

Tring Mus.

27. Agathia diplochorda sp. nov.

6, 40 mm. Face red, except at upper and lower edges strongly mixed with

black, lower edge whitish. Palpus reddish, third joint less short than in the

typical group. Vertex and antenna dull reddish; occiput green. Thorax above

green, with a purple-brown spot in middle. Abdomen with crests exceedingly

slight and narrow; dorsally yellow (discoloured from green ?), bounded on each

side by a thick, narrowing purple-brown line.

Forewing with termen almost straight, no bend at R*; of the normal green

of the genus, the markings purple-brown, of about the same colour as in pesina

Butl., etc., namely: narrow costal and distal margins, the former slightly wider

from towards middle to near apex, the latter from R? to behind R*; a small basal

patch, not reaching costa ; a slender single antemedian line, placed and shaped as the

double line of pisina ; a postmedian line from costal border at nearly four-fifths,

incurved between SO? and R?, excurved between R? and R*, here becoming double,

the two at first closely approximated and with slight pale purplish shade between

them, the proximal interrupted at the fold but reappearing, farther from the

distal, before SM? ; some yellow shading accompanying the postmedian line ; fringe

yellow. Hindwing shaped about as in /aetata F. ; green, with slender red-purple

inner-marginal line reaching the base, double postmedian line, roughly the reverse

12 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

of that of forewing (single from termen near tornus, becoming double between

the medians and the two diverging anteriorly); terminal line extremely slender

anteriorly, less so from R!, broad in the tail at R*, cut by a fine pale line on

the vein itself, narrowing gradually to tornus; fringe yellow, with dark spots

at R?, M! and tornus, and (slighter) at R!.

Underside much paler; similarly but more weakly marked.

Kina Balu, N. Borneo (J. Waterstradt). Type in coll. Tring Mus.

28. Hipparchus (Chloroglyphica) glaucochrista sp. nov.

3, 47 mm. Face green. Palpus brown-grey, slightly tinged with olive.

Vertex light-brown, mixed with fuscous, in front narrowly whitish (in the paratype

predominantly white). Thorax above green, beneath mostly white. Abdomen

above light-brown, tinged with green, spotted with white at ends of segments ;

beneath white. Legs whitish, the fore and middle tarsi partly infuscated.

Forewing green, nearly as in variegata Butl., but with a glaucous shade in

middle, very shiny, extending from near base to beyond postmedian line and from

SC? to behind fold, but not sharply defined, except anteriorly; extreme costal

edge pale ochreous, with fuscous spots; costal margin otherwise, together with

apical region, yellower green ; lines chocolate, whitish-edged proximally and

distally ; antemedian from beyond one-fourth hindmargin, slightly indented om

veins and still more feebly on fold, obsolete anteriorly ; discal dot minute ;

postmedian line from three-fifths hindmargin, parallel with termen as far as

R!, feebly lunulate-dentate, obsolete anteriorly, but traceable as a faint whitish

line which runs obliquely inwards and slightly curved to a white spot at or beyond

three-fifths costa; some slight whitish, chocolate-mixed subterminal spots; termen

with a chocolate spot on each side of SC’; fringe tinged with chocolate from

apex to behind R!, otherwise blue-green, becoming whitish at tips. Hindwing

without definite glaucous suffusion ; postmedian line little beyond middle, lunulate-

dentate ; vague subterminal marks as on forewing; fringe blue-green proximally,

whitish distally, chocolate at the tail at extremity of R°.

Underside similar, but the hindwing also with an extended whitish glaucous

suffusion, ending at a lunulate-dentate whitish subterminal line.

Vrianatong, Tibet; 2 dd in coll. L. B. Prout.

Hercoloxia gen. nov.

Related to Comibaena Hb., differing as follows :

Foretibia not tufted. Hindtibia of d not dilated, median spurs wanting.

Both wings with discocellulars formed nearly as in Spaniocentra Prout, M! at

its origin widely separate from R?. The second joint of the palpus is similar

to that of Comibaena, but not quite so strongly rough-scaled. The wing-shape

is nearly that of C. tenera Warr. The ¢ pectinations are very long, ceasing

suddenly near the tip of the antenna.

Type of the genus: Hercoloxia chlorochromodes sp. nov.

29. Hercoloxia chlorochromodes sp. nov.

3, 81 mm. Colour and aspect of Comibaena tenera Warr., for which it

may probably have been passed over. Antennal pectinations distinctive. Anal

tuft very white.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 13

Forewing slightly narrower, costa less broadly white, the faint lines more

yellowish, the antemedian straight and very oblique (from well proximal to one-

third costa to middle of hindmargin), the postmedian more continuous, lunulate

outwards between the veins and strongly oblique outwards (almost parallel with

antemedian) at hindmargin. Base of costa beneath more strongly infuscated.

Discal dots beneath obsolescent.

Dradjad, G. Kendang, Preanger R., W. Java. Type in coll. Tring Mas.

Apparently an endemic development of Comébaena tenera, which commonly

has the median spurs rather weak and the discocellulars of the forewing somewhat

approaching the Hercoloxia form.

30. Gelasma dysgenes sp. nov.

d, 40-45 mm. Face black. Palpus with third joint short; black above,

cream-whitish beneath. Vertex and antennal shaft dirty white; pectinations

about three times as long as diameter of shaft. Thorax above blue-grey, beneath

dirty whitish; abdomen dirty whitish. Foreleg mostly blue-grey, middle- and

hindleg dirty whitish.

Forewing with apex rather more acute than in fuscifimbria Prout, termen

rather straighter ; blue-grey,* not very opaquely scaled, costal edge very narrowly

ochreous ; lines whitish, placed and shaped about as in fuscifimbria, the antemedian

rather strongly angled inwards on SM’, the postmedian rather deeply lunulate

inwards at fold; cell-mark weak, elongate; a very fine pale line at base of fringe,

tips also pale, the rest darker than the wing. Hindwing with the tail at R? more

pronounced than in glaucaria Walk. and fuscifimbria Prout; antemedian line

wanting ; postmedian with the projections at R* and M' rather pronounced.

Underside rather paler, the lines and cell-marks wanting; fringes slightly

infuscated proximally, whitish distally.

Vrianatong, Tibet. Type and others in coll. L. B. Prout.

On account of the shape, this can scarcely be a very differently coloured form

of glaucaria or of fuscifimbria, though evidently a close relative. Not at all

variable. :

31. Gelasma magnipuncta sp. nov.

3%, 23 mm. Face red. Palpus red above, pale beneath, third joint in d

moderate, in ? very long. Vertex and shaft of antenna white; pectinations long,

ceasing abruptly at little beyond one-half. Thorax concolorous with wings,

abdomen rather paler. Legs red above, whitish beneath.

Forewing with SC’ stalked, anastomosing with C; dull olive, costa narrowly

ochreous, strongly marked with fuscous; a darker olive line before one-third,

somewhat lunulate-dentate; a large roundish or oval fuscous-olive cell-spot ; a

whitish postmedian line from costa at nearly two-thirds to hindmargin at three-

fourths, strongly lunulate-dentate and curved somewhat basewards near the

margins and opposite the cell, accompanied proximally by a dark olive shade

which thickens somewhat at the lunules; terminal line dark olive; fringe

concolorous. Hindwing with termen waved, almost subcrenulate, moderately

toothed at R%, M! about connate or just separate; similar to forewing, without

antemedian line,

* “Succory blue,” pl. 206. 3, 4, Repertoire de Couleurs, Oberthiir, 1905, or with the least suspicion

more of greenish.

14 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916,

Underside of forewing paler olive, the discal spot weakly indicated, sometimes

(the 2) a faintly darkened blotch at tornus; of hindwing whitish, the discal spot

obsolete, sometimes (the ?) a pale-olive blotch at apex and part of distal margin,

fading out into the ground colour,

Sarawak, 4th mile, Rock Road, April 29, 19)9, type d& in coll. Brit. Mus.

Singapore (H. M. Ridley), a damaged ? in the same collection.

32. Thalassodes grammonota sp. nov.

d,29mm.; ?,35mm. Face red. Palpus reddish, beneath ochreous whitish.

Antenna ochreous, towards base whitish. Vertex white; occiput green. Thorax

and abdomen green above, whitish beneath; metathorax and abdomen with a

conspicuous ochreous mid-dorsal line, slightly broader than in dorsilinea Warr.

Legs whitish, mixed with ochreous; hindtibia in d not dilated.

Forewing coloured and marked like dorsilinea, but of a yellower green, with

the costal margin and fringe rather brighter yellow. —-Hindwing with termen

rather more strongly angled at R* than in dorsilinea, postmedian line correspond-

ingly more bent.

Underside much paler, almost unmarked.

Rook Island, August 1913 (A. S. Meek). Type in coll. Tring Mus.

Distinguished from dorstlinea Warr. by the red face. The palpus in both

sexes is about as in that species, but with the third joint relatively a trifle longer.

The rest of the group lack the dorsal line, unless it be present in vöridicaput Warr.,

of which the unique type (from S. Celebes) has the abdomen discoloured ; in

semihyalina Walk., of which I have supposed viridicaput to be a small example,

the line is certainly wanting. In any case, though grammonota shares with

viridicaput the red face, it differs in being less bluish green, more dotted and

strigulated with white, costal margin more broadly yellow, third joint of palpus

a trifle longer.

33. Prasinocyma rhodostigma sp. nov.

3, 25-29 mm. Face green. Palpus in d fully 14 times as long as

diameter of eye, with third joint moderate, exposed; in ? with third joint longer ;

green, paler beneath. Crown green, with a snow-white fillet between antennae.

Antennal shaft pure white in proximal half; pectinations in d of moderate length.

Thorax green above, white beneath. Legs whitish, the forelegs tinged with red ;

hindtibia in ¢ dilated, with hair-pencil and moderate terminal process. Abdomen

dorsally green, becoming whitish at anal end.

Forewing bright yellow-green, costal edge white; lines whitish, not very

sharp; antemedian from before one-fourth costa to nearly one-third hindmargin,

somewhat sinuous and a little excurved behind middle ; postmedian at about 3 mm.

from termen, lunulate-dentate, slightly incurved between the radials and rather

more between M? and SM?; discal dot moderate, red; terminal line fine, red,

broken into interneural dashes, the intervals pale; fringe yellowish, with long

reddish marks opposite the veins. Hindwing with inner margin rather long,

termen bluntly bent at R*; like forewing, but without antemedian line and with

the red discal spot larger ; postmedian line bent at R°.

Underside whitish green, unmarked, the forewing with faint suggestion of a

dirty reddish flush.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 15,

Rook Island, August 1913 (A. 8. Meek). Type in coll. Tring Mas.

Related to oxycentra Meyr. and syntyche Prout, distinguished by the large red

discal dots, etc. ; ornatissima Warr. is smaller, lacks the white costa, ete.

Metallothea gen. nov.

Characters of Metallochlora Warr., but the d antenna shortly bipectinate to

about three-fourths, the wings shaped almost as in Zuerostes Hb., termen of

forewing strongly oblique. SC? of forewing arising before SC”. ? unknown.

Type of the genus: Metallothea eucrostes sp. nov.

34. Metallothea eucrostes sp. nov.

3,20 mm. Face and upperside of palpus orange-reddish. Vertex, thorax and

abdomen concolorous with wings ; abdomen with four metallic bronze crests, the

first three large, the last small.

Forewing with SC! anastomosing with C, M! connate with R?’; faded light

green as in Warren’s type of Metallochlora meeki, costa rather sparingly dotted

with fuscous ; a small fuscons discal dot; lines not very distinct, silvery, the first.

from about middle of hindmargin direct to cell-dot, then curving so as to pass

round (almost touching) its distal side ; postmedian from close to tornus, slightly

curved, less oblique than termen, reaching costa at about three-fourths ; terminal

line blackish, interrupted at veins; fringe dark grey, with a green line at base.

Hindwing without fuscous dots; a curved silvery postmedian line ; terminal

line and fringe as on forewing.

Forewing beneath more coarsely dusted at costa, dusted also in cell; a fuscous

cell-dot ; a thick, curved postmedian line of fuscous irroration from costa at nearly

two-thirds, becoming obsolete at hindmargin; termen and fringe as above. Hind-

wing similar, without dusting at costa and in cell.

Salisbury Plains, N. of Bowen, Queensland (A. Simson). Type in coll.

Tring Mus.

35. Hemistola rubricosta sp. nov.

36, 34-37 mm. Face deep red. Palpus scarcely as long as diameter of eye;

red, narrowly (or scarcely) pale beneath. Vertex green, narrowly white in front.

Autennal shaft marked with red at base; pectinations short, about as in rubrimarge

Warr. Thorax above green. Abdomen with the dorsal red markings very narrow

on segments 2-3 (just the crested part), then broad and virtually continuing to.

anus, the crests still more diminutive than in rubrimargo and scarcely paler than

the red dorsum, but more or less bordered on each side with fuscous. Venation

variable, R? more extremely placed than in rudrimargo.

Forewing rather blue-green (less blue than rudrimargo), costal margin red;

lines whitish, less clear than in rudrimargo, the postmedian without red scales at

proximal edge; discal dots dark green, well developed though minute; termen

without red line; fringe white, tipped with pink, without pink dots opposite the

veins. Hindwing with tail short and obtuse ; corresponding with forewing.

Sikkim: Tonglo, 10,000 ft., July 1886 (H. J. Elwes). Type and others in

coll. Tring Mus. Also from Bhotan and in coll. Brit. Mus. from Yatung, Tibet,

(A. E. Hobson).

The description has been drawn up to bring out the differences from rubrimargo

Warr., with which, strangely enough, it has been mixed.

16 NovITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916,

36. Hemistola fuscimargo sp. nov.

3%, 38-43 mm. Extremely close to rubrimargo Warr., but larger, the d

antennal pectinations rather shorter and thicker, less in number,* face reddish

brown above, pale below (in rubrimargo more reddish, virtually unicolorous), wings

rather less blue, the well-expressed, deeply lunulate-dentate white lines accompanied

(the antemedian distally, the postmedian proximally) by very fine red-brown edging,

at least in the teeth, minute blackish dots placed on DO? at the cell-fold, terminal

line and dots in fringe fuscous, not red. Wing-shape virtually the same as in

rubrimargo, perhaps very slightly broader, apices sharp. In both the lines of the

forewing, the submedian lunule is particularly deep and conspicuous; on the hind-

wing the line projects very noticeably at R? and M!.

Naga Hills, Assam, 2 6d, 1 ?, in coll. Tring Mus, (ex coll. Elwes).

37. Pyrrhorachis (?) cosmetocraspeda sp. nov.

?,20-21mm. Face reddish ? (abraded). Vertex white, mixed with rose-colour.

Antenna white above. Thorax and abdomen dorsally green, the latter with white,

rose-margined spots, the first of which also contains an admixture of rose-colour.

Forewing with costa slightly more arched and termen slightly more oblique

than in typical Pyrrhorachis ; cell less extremely short, DC® strongly incurved, M!

not stalked ; green (nearly as in Comibaena, but not quite so bright), costal margin

white mixed with rose-colour; discal dot small, rose-colour ; lines indicated by rose-

coloured vein-dots, those at hind-margin the largest, especially the postmedian one,

which is placed a little beyond the middle of this margin; postmedian row accom-

panied distally by white ones ; termen snow-white, edged proximally by a strongly

crenulate dark rose-coloured line (which almost touches termen between the veins)

and distally by a rose-coloured terminal line ; fringe proximally rose-pink, distally

yellowish. Hindwing more elongate than in typical Pyrrhorachis, especially at

inner margin, termen very slightly bent in middle; postmedian line of rosy and

white dots present, the rosy ones smaller than on forewing ; fringe as on forewing.

Underside whitish green, unmarked.

Digboi, Assam (L. Brunt), 2 2 ? in coll. Tring Mus.

Both specimens have lost the hindlegs, but the species is so conspicuous that

it is safe to make it known.

Sugram. STERRHINAE.+

38. Antitrygodes pirimacula sp. nov.

3, 33-34 mm. Smaller than divisaria Walk., antennal ciliation longer

(almost as in agrata Feld.), distal margins scarcely so deeply crenulate (approaching

agrata), coloration the same, but with the following differences in pattern :

Forewing with the dark green subbasal patch more oblique-edged, central patch

* In rubrimargo over thirty joints may be called pectinate before they become mere rudiments, in

fuscimargo about twenty-two joints. The ? antenna, as in rubrimargo, is simple; my grouping of the

genus in Gen. Ins., fasc. 129, pp. 226, 227, is not quite accurate, having been based in part on insufficient

material and erroneous information.

+ I have hitherto employed the older name of Acidaliinae for this subfamily, but as the generic

name Acidalia proves unavailable in the Geometridae (see infra), it is necessary to revert to Sterrhinae,

used by Meyrick (as Sterrhidae), Warren and Hulst. Zdaeinae (Idaeidae Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii. 447)

would be older, but is also founded on a name which does not correctly belong to the subfamily (see

Trans. City Lond. Ent. Soe. xx. 25). In my opinion Sterrha Hb. is merely a subgenus of Ptychopoda

Steph., published probably in the same year (1826); it is not certain that it will not have to be given

priority, but in any case it is potentially valid in the subfamily.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 17

not indented proximally on M, distally forming a strong curve in its posterior half,

so as to meet the outer line on hindmargin; DC and the whitish mark on it more

oblique outwards, outer line rather more markedly excurved, closely approaching

central patch at costa, the outer pale patch consequently pear-shaped. Hindwing

with the central patch much broader and more solid, its proximal edge rather near

base, not indented, DC as on forewing, subterminal spot between radials much

enlarged.

Fak-Fak, Dutch New Guinea, 1700 ft., January—February 1908. Type and

paratype in coll. L. B. Prout.

39. Problepsis craspediata rotifera subsp. nov.

Differs from Warren’s name-type (Nov. Zool. iv. 222), from German and

British New Guinea in that the forewing bears a large, round (though not perfectly

solid) blackish spot shortly beyond (distally to) the discocellulars.

Dutch New Guinea: near Oetakwa River, Snow Mountains, up to 3500 ft.,

October— December 1910 (A. S. Meek), type in coll. Tring Mus. ; also from Nine

Valley, Central Arfak MWonneaine! 3500 ft., November 1908— January 1909.

Scopula Schrank.

Scopula Schrank, Fauna Boica ii. (2), 162 (1802).

Acidalia Tr., Schmett, Eur. v. (2) 438 (1825), (nec Hb. Verz. 31, 1818).

Calothysanis Hb., Verz. 301 (1826 ?).

Emmiltis Hb., Verz. 309 (1826 ?).

Leptomeris Hb., Verz. 310 (1826 ?).

Arrhostia Hb., Wor 311 (1826 ?)..

Craspedia Hb., Verz. 312 (1826 ?).

Dosithea Dup., Hist. Nat. Lép. vii. (2) 108 (1829).

Cymatida Sodoff., Bull. Mose. x. (6) 91 (1837).

Synelys Hulst, Tr. Amer. Ent. Soc. xxiii. 300 (1896).

On the nomenclature of this large and very natural genus a good deal has

been already written. In The Entomologist, xxxix. 266, I showed that Schrank’s

name of Scopula had for its type orzata Schrank, but I thought that that name

might possibly be restricted to the immediate group of ornata, and that the large

residue might continue to be called Acidalia (Trans. City Lond. Ent. Soc. xx. 30).

But I am now convinced they cannot possibly be separated generically, and as it is

now accepted that Hübner’s Acidaliı was published before Treitschke’s (see

Sherborn and Prout, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 1x. 179), the time has arrived for

the drastic and final change. I may add that in Trans. City Lond. Ent. Soe.

xx. 25-26, I cited the types of nearly all the generic names involved, but by an

unfortunate printer’s error a line was dropped out. Pyctis Hb. 309 has type

aureolaria Hb. (L.B.P. sel.) and the published note refers to Leptomeris Hb. 310.

For Calothysanis the first selection of a type was Butler’s (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.

1881, p. 342), namely ömitaria Hb. ; an exceedingly bad choice, the only advantage

of which is that it saves the long-used name Timandra Dup. for amata L.

40. Scopula bifalsaria grisescens subsp. nov.

Lacks the brownish admixture of name-typical difalsaria Prout (Seitz, Macr ger:

iv. 65) and the lines are not diffused into bands.

Vrianatong, Tibet. A series in coll. L. B. Prout.

18 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

41. Scopula discrepans sp. nov.

3, 16-17 mm. Face and upperside of palpus black. Vertex and base of

antennal shaft cream-colour; antennal ciliation long. Thorax, abdomen, and legs

cream-colour, the abdomen dorsally with a few minute black dots; hindtibia

thickened, rather longer than femur, fringed with projecting scales above; tarsus

slender, nearly three-quarters tibia.

Forewing rather broad, apex blunt, termen sinuous, very faintly subconcave

anteriorly, rather ventricose posteriorly; cream-colour, slightly washed with pale

greyish as far as postmedian line, and with a few scattered black scales; costal edge

and a slight terminal shading more ochreous; antemedian line fine and very

indistinct, ochreous-tinged, very oblique outwards from one-third costa to discal

dot, here right-angled, thence oblique inwards and sinuous; discal dot minute,

black ; postmedian line fine and not very strong, black, from costa before three-

fourths, very slightly curved outwards anteriorly and inwards at radials, then

straightish to hindmargin not far from tornus; a narrow, slightly ochreous shade

distally to this line, mixed with grey scales at tornus and marked distally with

two confluent black teeth (forming a sort of W) between R* and M? ; terminal line

slight, ochreous, mixed with blackish scales; fringe ochreous. Hindwing with

termen irregularly convex, slightly prominent at R! and at R?, feebly sinuate

between and again near tornus; a minute black discal dot; a very faint sinuous

ochreous line beyond it, followed by a band of greyish shading as far as the pale

submarginal area ; distal marein, terminal line and fringe as on forewing.

Both wings beneath smoky grey from base to a darker grey postmedian band ;

distal area cream-colour, thus strikingly contrasted ; costal edge of forewing and

all fringes more ochreous.

Kumusi River, N.E. British New Guinea, low level, August 1907 (A. S. Meek).

Five 83 in coll. Tring Mus.

42. Xenocentris subcolorata sp. nov.

d?,14-16 mm. Similar to, and agreeing in leg-structure with gravipes Warr.

(Nov. Zool. xiv. 138, Argyroscelia), but smaller, antennal ciliation apparently

longer (unfortunately a little damaged in gravipes type).

Forewing slightly less elongate towards apex, rather more glossy, costal margin

darkened with purplish grey gloss (towards base redder), sinuous reddish lines

more or less indicated, the antemedian at hindmargin only, or obsolete, the

proximal subterminal more or less broadened into a band, sometimes nearly

meeting the postmedian, ending in a more distinct spot at hindmargin, spots on

fringe minute and weak. Hindwing with termen more gibbous, the reddish

lines more or less continued.

Forewing beneath clouded with vinous anteriorly, in cell, and (more or less

band-wise) in distal area ; hindwing with two ill-defined vinous bands distally.

Goodenough Island, 2500-4000 ft., March 1913 (type ¢) to May 1913

(A. S. Meek), in coll. Tring Mus.

43. Timandra punctinervis sp. nov.

3%, 31-86 mm, Face and palpus reddish brown. Head and body concolorous

with wings.

Forewing nearly as in amata L., but with a rather dense grey irroration giving

it nearly the tone of extremaria Walk., the lines, however, remaining well

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 19

expressed ; antemedian fine, gently curved; median very oblique, from a dark

costal spot 1 mm. before apex to hindmargin well proximally to middle, accom-

panied distally by a very faint suggestion of a dark shade; postmedian moderately

sinuous (about as in convectaria Walk.), slightly dark-dotted on the veins and

followed distally by conspicuous black dots on SC’ and R!; cell-dot rather large

and conspicuous; terminal line fine, dull reddish ; fringe concolorous with wing.

Hindwing with costal margin relatively somewhat longer than in the allied species,

tail at R? moderately strong; median line placed rather near base; a distinct

lack cell-dot ; postmedian line somewhat variable, in the d almost as sinuous

as in amata L., in the 2 hardly more so than in correspondens Hmpsn. ; faint

indications of a row of vein-dots distally to the postmedian.

Underside, especially of forewing, strongly and coarsely irrorated ; discal dots,

median and postmedian lines well developed.

Java: Sindanglaya, June 25, 1910, d type; Tosari, July 5, 1910, 2 (B. A.

Cockayne); in coll. L. B. Prout, presented by the discoverer.

I know of no otber species in the genus with distinct discal dot on the hind-

wing. Easily distinguished from convectaria by absence of dark costa. Shape and

coloration, also the oblique course of the median line, recall the darkest, most

reddish-tinged examples of correspondens Hmpsn., in which the antemedian line

of forewing and the postmedian of hindwing are usually straight.

44. Ptochophyle oophora sp. nov.

3,21 mm. Face and palpus dull rosy. Vertex more purplish. Thorax rosy,

paler beneath. Fore and middle legs mixed with rosy. Abdomen above rosy in

anterior half, becoming paler posteriorly ; beneath quite pale.

Forewing with costa rather strongly shouldered at base, then straight nearly

to apex; termen almost vertical to middle, then strongly oblique; rose-pink

proximally, this colour bounded by a fairly regular, very oblique curve, which runs

from costa near base to tornus; succeeding area pale yellowish; a large oval,

darker-edged rose-pink, violaceous-tinged distal patch reaching almost from costa

to M!, touching the termen (and even encroaching slightly on the fringe) at R? and

M!, very narrowly separated therefrom by the pale yellowish shade anteriorly ;

some small, pale yellow spots in this patch ; fringe mostly pale yellowish.

Hindwing with termen slightly waved, almost inappreciably bent at R*; rose-pink,

tinged with violaceous distally ; an indistinct dark dot on DC’ and a smaller one

on DC; extreme distal edge and fringe pale yellowish, encroached on by the rose-

colour at R?.

Underside similar, rather paler, especially the yellow parts.

Sarawak district: Matang Road, July 16, 1911. Type in coll. Brit. Mus.,

presented by the Sarawak Museum.

About the shape and coloration of miniosa Warr. (Nov. Zool. vi. 332). Perhaps

akin to cruoraria Warr. (op. cit. iv. 49), but lighter and brighter, rosy (not dull

purple), the two colours much more sharply defined, the abdomen red, not golden,

the termen of hindwing not strongly projecting.

45. Ptochophyle (?) auricosta sp. nov.

?, 35 mm. Face crimson. Palpus decidedly longer than diameter of eye,

third joint exposed, but considerably shorter than second ; crimson, slightly paler

beneath. Vertex and proximal part of antenna snow-white; antenna with

20 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916,

extremely short ciliation. Occiput crimson. Thorax and abdomen crimson, paler

beneath.

Forewing with apex pointed, almost subfalcate, the termen being very faintly

subconcave in its anterior half; SC’ from areole close to its apex, SC! long-

stalked from apex of areole; crimson, tinged with purple, the extreme costal edge

golden yellow, this shade also suffusing the entire costal region (to SC’) distally ;

first line obsolete ; cell-spot white, faintly grey-edged ; median shade beyond,

rather broad, but little darker than ground-colour, parallel with termen; post-

median line rather near termen, indicated by rather indistinct dark vein-dots (very

short dashes), those on R? and M? more proximally placed than the others; veins

in distal area tinged with yellow; terminal interneural dark spots weak ; fringe

crimson, somewhat paler distally —- Hindwing with termen very little convex,

quite straight in middle part ; costal margin whitish, the rest as in forewing.

Under-surface similar, but with the cell-marks nearly obsolete, costa of

forewing and veins of both wings more strongly gold-yellow, costa of hindwing not

whitish, on the other hand with the inner margin of both wings whitish.

Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, about 139° E. longitude, 5000-7000

ft., February 1911 (A. 8. Meek), Type in coll. Tring Mus.

I suspect this species and the following, together with aurora Warr. (Nov.

Zool. x. 366), will have to be removed from Ptochophyle, on account of their

Cosymbia-like venation.

46. Ptochophyle eos sp. nov.

?,28 mm. Similar to the preceding, but differing, apart from the smaller

size, as follows:

Palpus mostly whitish beneath, with third joint rather longer and more slender,

intermediate towards Anisodes ; legs in part whiter.

Forewing with apex slightly less produced, costa not yellow. Hindwing

with termen rather more convex. Both wings orange-red (slightly dusted with

yellow) from median shade nearly to termen ; lines grey, the antemedian indicated

on both wings, deeply lunulate-dentate (the teeth pointing basewards on veins),

accompanied proximally by some slight red and yellow shading, postmedian con-

sisting of rounder dots, curving proximad anteriorly; discal dots smaller ; termen

with some slight grey shading, terminal line of dashes grey. Underside almost

unmarked, pinkish crimson.

Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, February 1911 (A. S. Meek),

Type in coll. Tring Mus.

47. Chrysocraspeda flavimacula sp. nov.

3,25 mm. Face purplish crimson. Palpus crimson, pale beneath. Head

and thorax olivaceous greyish, with slight crimson suffusion, a crimson mark across

middle of crown, the suffusions in part strong on antenna. Fore and middle legs

strongly crimsoned. Abdomen variegated with similar shades to the hindwing,

thus with the first two segments dorsally much mixed with orange.

Forewing with termen gently curved, not at all projecting at R*; SC’ arising

well before SC’; ground-colour from near base predominantly dull purplish, really

extremely variegated, brighter rosy-purple scales prevailing proximally, darker red-

brown ones distally, a dark admixture also in base behind cell, some greyish scales

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 21

on principal veins, a bright yellow admixture between the radials; base and a broad

costal border (as far as SC and R!) olivaceous greyish, becoming somewhat browner

distally, dotted here and there with dark red-brown, small patches of this colour

also at extreme base, on C close to the base and between C and SC! at two-sevenths,

the latter forming the beginning of the antemedian line; distal margin narrowly

violet-grey, the area between this and the postmedian line mainly concolorous with

costa, but more mixed with yellow (at least between the radials proximally) and

bearing some coarse dark red-brown dots and spots ; antemedian line ill-defined

except anteriorly, bent in cell, then straight to hindmargin at two-sevenths ; post-

median line scarcely discernible on pale costal area, arising at four-sevenths costa,

very strongly oblique outwards to R!, thence nearly vertical to behind R?, then

curving so as to become parallel with termen; cell-mark black, somewhat elongate,

followed distally by a bright yellow patch (lunulate or approaching cordiform);

termen with small red-brown dots at vein-ends ; fringe yellow, deeper (more orange)

proximally. Hindwing at extreme base pale, then orange (proximally mixed

with rosy), then mixed pinkish-grey and yellowish to end of cell (at abdominal

margin more orange), crossed by a curved orange line continuing the ante-

median of forewing and terminated by an elongate white discal mark, to which

follows immediately a curved orange median shade; distal half mainly yellow

(more orange at abdominal margin), sparsely speckled with red-brown, an orange

postmedian shade from two-thirds abdominal margin abont to R*, here nearer the

termen than at its commencement; distal border, as on forewing, violet-grey,

separated from the yellow area by a vague orange shade; termen with an almost

continuous line of dark red-brown irroration ; fringe as on forewing.

Forewing beneath nearly all clouded with purple, of two or three shades, the

basal part, except at costa, the brightest (almost rose-colour), proximal half (or

more) of costal area and an oblique, broadening shade from cell to tornus dark

purple-grey, apical area paler and vaguer purplish, being somewhat mixed with

olive-grey scales; discal mark as above, the yellow spot beyond it much paler,

distally ill-defined; fringe yellow. Hindwing beneath mostly pale yellowish, costal

area to beyond one-half (with most of cell) rosy, distal border purplish, broadest

and darkest (purple-grey) apically; fringe pale yellow.

Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, January 1911 (A. S. Meek). Type

in coll. Tring Mus.

Related to praegriseata Warr. (Nov. Zool. xiv. 139).

48. Chrysocraspeda eutmeta sp. nov.

3,25 mm. Face white, tinged with red at edges. Palpus red on outer side.

Vertex and antennal shaft reddish. Thorax and abdomen cream-colour, mixed

with cinnamon on upperside. :

Forewing with apex rather sharp, termen oblique, especially from M! to tornus,

rather straight, tornus well marked; cream-colour, with sparse, rather coarse cinna-

mon irroration ; costal edge cinnamon; first line weak, forming an acute angle

outwards in cell (somewhat V-shaped), slender and obsolescent from M to hind-

margin, strongly oblique inwards; discal dot blackish; postmedian line dark brown,

strongly oblique outward subcostally (at nearly two-thirds), bent about R!, thence

fairly direct (slightly curved and sinuous) to hindmargin close to tornus ; a lighter

brown shade accompanying this line distally ; terminal line dark reddish, accom-

22 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

panied proximally by a very narrow dark-brown shade; fringe ochraceous.

Hindwing with termen almost evenly rounded, tornus prominent ; costal margin

coloured like forewing, the rest mostly shaded with cinnamon ; a rather large, pure

white discal mark, with a very short projection along R?, thus somewhat hammer-

head-shaped; a large smoky clond distally to this ; termen and fringe nearly as on

forewing.

Both wings beneath paler, with the markings much fainter than above, the

hindwing without the cinnamon shading.

Snow Mountains, Dutch New Guinea: near Oetakwa River, up to 3500 ft.,

October—December 1910, type and others; Upper Setekwa River, 2000-3000 ft.,

September 1910. In coll. Tring Mus., collected by A. S. Meek.

49. Chrysocraspeda semiocellata sp. nov.

d,24 mm. Head and body dull purple; the body pale brown beneath and at

tip of abdomen,

Forewing broad, apex acute, termen bluntly bent at R*, very faintly curved

anteriorly, almost straight posteriorly ; dull purple, mixed of browner and purpler

shades, and with blackish irroration, becoming redder purple against the yellow

border ; markings vague, formed of condensation of the dark irroration ; antemedian

line from costa beyond one-fourth, very oblique outward, then strongly bent and

curving so as to ran obliquely inward to one-fourth hindmargin ; longitudinal dark

clouding between this line and postmedian, just behind middle of wing ; post-

median from scarcely beyond middle of costa, extremely oblique outward to R’,

then curving so as to become progressively less oblique, but becoming obsolete

about M! not far from termen ; termen for about °5 mm. width cadmium yellow,

the ground-colour forming minute outward teeth on the veins and running ont

obliquely at extreme apex and at tornus; fringe cadmium yellow. Hindwing

with termen almost evenly rounded; markings black; antemedian line close to

base; coarse black irroration in almost the entire region between this and the

postmedian ; discal dot white, broadly black-ringed ; postmedian line from middle

of costa, broken into spots, strongly excurved, near inner margin incurved ; termen

and fringe as on forewing.

Underside more smoky, especially of hindwing; markings less ; termen and

fringe as above, but paler.

Oetakwa River, Snow Mountains, Datch New Guinea, un to 3500 ft., October

— December 1910 (A. S. Meek). Type in coll. Tring Mus.

50. Chrysocraspeda oxyporphyris sp. nov.

$, 25mm. Face, palpus and antennal shaft pinkish vinaceous. Vertex and

thorax above predominantly olivaceous, abdomen more mixed ; body beneath paler,

brownish, the fore and middle legs mixed with vinaceous.

Forewing with apex acute, termen oblique, nearly straight, tornus pronounced ;

vinaceous, with purple irroration; shading off rather paler and duller in anterior

part ; discal dot minute ; a dark purple line from hindmargin at about three-fifths,

forming a scarcely appreciable inward curve and becoming very slightly more

oblique than termen; fading out anteriorly to R!; ground-colour slightly deepened

close to termen, termen very narrowly gold-yellow from tornus almost to apex, the

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 23

edge of the ground-colour gradually encroaching so as to make the wing appear

more acute than is really the case ;

termen convex, abdominal margin fairly long ; colour as on forewing or slightly

deeper ; discal mark minute, whitish; line of forewing continued, about median,

very slightly curved ; termen narrowly gold-yellow ; fringe yellow.

Underside duller, the forewing, except distally, slightly smoky ; markings

scarcely discernible ; termen and fringe as above, but paler.

Oetakwa River, Snow Mountains, Dutch New Guinea, up to 3500 ft., October

— December 1910 (A. 8. Meek). Type in coll. Tring Mus.

51. Chrysocraspeda informiplaga sp. nov.

?,23 mm. Face pale yellow, mixed with liver-brown below. Palpus pale

yellow, mixed with liver-brown on outer side. Vertex and antennal shaft pale

yellow. Occiput and upperside of thorax and abdomen liver-brown, the abdomen

with a few yellow spots; thorax and abdomen beneath, pale olive yellow. Forecoxa,

femur and tibia reddish above and on innerside.

Forewing fairly broad, costa somewhat arched, apex moderate, termen bowed,

oblique (straighter near apex), tornus not sharp; liver-brown, finely irrorated with

pale violet, strongly mixed with yellow along costal margin except at base; an

interrupted yellow antemedian line from SC, forming a V-shaped angulation out-

ward at M, somewhat thickened at fold, reappearing as a spot on SM? at just

beyond one-third ; a very irregular yellow median band, reduced to partly confluent

yellow spots anteriorly and posteriorly, clear from about R? to SM’, its anterior

end throwing out projections anteriorly, proximally and distally, slightly encroached

upon by a cell-spot of the ground-colour ; its proximal side forming a strong,

rounded projection behind M?; postmedian line parallel with and scarcely 2 mm.

from termen, represented merely by spots at SC’, between the radials and at

submedian fold, distal margin from apex to middle yellow with liver-coloured

terminal spots, posteriorly spotted with yellow; fringe mostly yellow except at

end of M! (damaged). Hindwing with termen strongly convex, especially about

R’-M!, slightly sinuous; concolorous with forewing, the yellow patch fairly broad,

rather near base, reaching costa, containing in its middle the rather large cell-dot,

and with distal projections at R® and M? and narrow bar from M to abdominal

margin near base; postmedian spots vaguely reproduced, in anterior part only;

termen and fringe as on forewing.

Underside similarly marked, much more washed-out.

Near Oetakwa River, Som Mountains, Dutch New Guinea, up to 3500 ft.,

October—December 1910 (A. S. Meek). Type in coll. Tring Mus.

52. Chrysocraspeda flavisparsa sp. nov.

d, 22 mm. Face rosy, deepest at upper edge. Palpus rosy, paler beneath,

Crown rosy, spotted with yellow. Thorax and abdomen above rosy, mixed

(especially the middle seements of abdomen) with yellow ; beneath dirty olive-

yellow. Fore and middle legs pink on upperside.

Forewing with costa markedly shouldered at base, then straight; termen

anteriorly almost straight and little oblique, becoming suddenly very oblique from

M!, tornus rounded ; rosy, tolerably evenly spotted and dotted (except along costa)

with yellow, the spots in places confluent but forming no definite pattern ; fringe

24 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

yellow, spotted with rosy at vein-ends. Hindwing with costa not long, apex not

sharp, termen somewhat irregularly waved, strongly convex, most prominent about

M!, tornus squared, abdominal margin rather long ; as forewing.

Underside paler rosy, the forewing, except at distal- and hindmargin, scarcely

mixed with yellow, the hindwing feebly mixed with yellow; fringes as above,

but paler.

Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, about 139° E. longitude, 5000-7000

ft., March 1911 (A. S. Meek). Type in coll. Tring Mus.

53. Chrysocraspeda cambogiodes sp. nov.

d, 24 mm. Face whitish, narrowly red above. Palpus mixed with red on

outer side. Crown ochreons, densely irrorated with dull red, a narrow white fillet

between antennae. Antennal shaft white on inner side, red on outer. Thorax and

abdomen above ochreous irrorated with dull red, beneath whitish ochreous.

Forewing not very broad, apex not sharp, termen oblique, especially from

M' to tornus, tornus not well marked ; yellow ochreous, with coarse dark reddish

irroration ; this is dense in costal region, otherwise sparse ; first line obsolescent ;

discal dot strong, blackish ; postmedian line strongly excurved, from subcostal

shading at about two-thirds, thick and dark in its anterior half, slighter posteriorly ;

no terminal line; fringe concolorous, without irroration. Hindwing with termen

prominent at R’-M', thus appearing slightly bent at both these veins, straight

between them ; nearly as forewing, costal irroration less dense, the dot and line

rather more proximally placed.

Both wings beneath very pale yellowish with an indistinct discal dot ; forewing

with base, cell and costal region vinaceous.

Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, about 139° E. oe 5000 ft.,

February 1911 (A. 8. Meek). Type in coll. Tring Mus.

54. Heteroctenis indopurpurea sp. nov.

?,22 mm. Face very light brown. Palpus tinged with purple. Vertex

purple. Antenna strongly bipectinate. Thorax and abdomen above purple,

beneath light brown. Legs light brown, the foreleg slightly marked with

purple.

Forewing dull “ Indian purple,” with a narrow yellow border, which narrows

very slightly about M', widens very slightly behind, then tapers to a point at

tornus ; fringe yellow. Hindwing with termen nearly straight from apex to R°,

and again nearly straight or faintly subeoncave from M! to tornus, thus prominent

at R*-M' ; as forewing, the purple ground-colour projecting more strongly at R*.

Underside slightly paler.

Near Oetakwa River, Snow Mountains, Dutch New Guinea, up to 3500 ft.,

October—December 1910 (A. S. Meek). Type in coll. Tring Mus.

Except in its much darker colour and absence of yellow discal mark of hind-

wing, and in the venation and pectinate antenna, this species may be described

as a counterpart of Ptochophyle Havipuncta Warr. (Nov. Zool. vi. 331), from the

Philippines. I refer to Heteroctenis, all the species of Chrysocraspeda which have

unipectinate or bipectinate ? antennae, but doubt whether the status of the so-called

genus should be more than sectional.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 25

55. Heteroctenis flavimedia sp. nov.

?,28 mm. Face and palpus dull, pale pink, the face paler in the middle.

Crown red-brown, with a narrow whitish fillet between the antennae. Antennal

shaft white on inner side, mostly red-brown on outer; pectinations long, biseriate.

Thorax and abdomen concolorous with wings.

Forewing with termen slightly bent at M’; ground-colour formed of a mixture

of ferruginous, lilac-grey and yellow scales, the yellow almost entirely wanting

along costal margin to about two-thirds; an irregular yellow postdiscal patch,

mostly over 2 mm. broad, but constricted and slightly dusted with ferruginous

in middle, reaching R! anteriorly and SM? posteriorly ; ground-colour slightly more

purplish distally to this patch than proximally ; a yellow distal border of about

1:5 mm. width, not sharply defined proximally, being here dusted with ferruginous ;

fringe yellow. Hindwing with termen waved, fairly straight from apex to R’

and from tornus to M’, bent at these veins; nearly as forewing, costal margin pale,

ground-colour projecting almost to termen at the gibbosity of R’-M!.

Underside paler, the ground-colour uniform vinaceous, not dusted.

Near Oetakwa River, Snow Mountains, Datch New Guinea, up to 3500 ft.,

October—December 1910 (A. S. Meek). Type in coll. Tring Mus.

As ab. perspersa nov., I describe a superficially very different form in which

the yellow ground-colour is almost uniformly dotted and strigulated with liver-

brown, leaving only a very small, ill-defined clear patch just beyond the disco-

cellulars and on the hindwing also just within the cell; both wings with a

conspicuous dark cell-spot; costal region of forewing as in the name-type.

56. Anisodes flavissima ab. ophthalmicata ab. nov.

Together with typical /favissima Warr. (Nov. Zool. xiv. 143) in both sexes,

there occurs at Mount Goliath, Dutch New Guinea (January—February 1911, A. S.

Meek), also in both sexes, an aberration for which I propose the above name,

characterised by having on each wing a large black, pale-centred, discal ocellus,

visible also, though less strong, on the underside.

Warren founded the species on a $ and queried the genus. It is a true

“ Perixera,” in sens. Warr., 2.e. an Anisodes of the Old-World section—d hind-

leg simple, long, with terminal spurs only. In Perixzera Meyr. (=Phrissosceles

Warr.) the d hindfemur is tufted.

SUBFAM. LARENTIINAE.

57. Asthena argyrorrhytes sp. nov.

3,21 mm. Closely similar to argentipuncta Warr. (Nov. Zool. xiii. 107),

possibly a local form of it, rather smaller, but the abdomen is relatively shorter,

the forewing appears slightly narrower, its costal margin rather more arched in

distal part, the termen of hindwing less gibbous. The lines and spots are more

slender, particularly the antemedian and postmedian, the brown surroundings of the

silver slighter, but the silver colour itself transversely elongate, so as almost (in

places quite) to unite into strongly sinuous transverse lines; the subapical spot of

the forewing is similarly elongate into a fine short line, reaching to SC? and with

minute broken continuations (of which argentipuncta shows no trace) nearly to R°.

Size of subditaria Warr. (loc. eit.), which has about the same shaped forewing

26 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

(slightly less narrow), but more gibbous hindwing, and further differs in having a

smaller cell-mark, larger antemedian and postmedian spots, not so strongly con-

fluent into lines, and restricted subapical mark like that of argentipuncta.

Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, about 139° E. longitude, 5000-

7000 ft., January 1911 (A. 8. Meek). Type in coll. Tring Mus.

58. Pomasia amplificata interrupta subsp. nov.

Differs chiefly from name-typical amplificata Walk. (List Lep. Ins. xxii. 658)

in having the postmedian band of the hindwing interrupted, a streak of the ground-

colour running out between R* and M! to join the subterminal; a spot at the

bifurcation of R’-M! stands well isolated from the patch at middle of abdominal

margin.

New Guinea: Oetakwa River, October—December 1910, type d and another ;

Upper Setekwa River, August—September 1910, 2 2? ; Mount Goliath, February

1911, 2 dd; Biagi, Upper Mambare River, April 1906, 1 2; all in coll. Tring

Mus., collected by A. S. Meek; Fak-Fak, Duteh New Guinea, 1700 ft., December

1907 (A. E, Pratt), in coll. Brit. Mus. et coll. L. B. Prout.

Bihastina gen. nov.

Face smooth. Palpus short and slender. Tongue present. Antenna in d almost

simple, with extremely minute ciliation. Femora glabrous. Hindtibia with all spurs

developed. Forewing with costa almost straight, apex acute, termen curved, with

pointed teeth at SO?, R!, R? and the medians, small rounded excisions between—that

between R! and R? the deepest; cell not quite one-half; areole double, SC! from

well before apex of distal areole, R! stalked or connate with SC’, M! separate.

Hindwing with termen toothed at the same veins as the forewing and at tornus, the

excisions deeper, that between R! and R? profound; cell short; C anastomosing to

near end of cell, SC? stalked, R? from before middle of DC, M! separate.

Type of the genus: Bihastina albolucens Prout, sp. nov.

Differs from HYastina in the donble areole and point of origin of SC! of the

forewing ; from Asthena in shape.

59. Bihastina albolucens sp. nov.

3,27 mm. Face with rather more than one-half white, the upper part olive-

brown. Palpus olive-brown, pale on the inner side. Vertex and base of antenna

white, a slender olive transverse streak near posterior extremity of head. Front

of collar white. Thorax and abdomen white, strongly mottled dorsally and more

faintly ventrally with olive; anal extremity white,

Forewing somewhat iridescent white, the opaque veins purer white ; markings

dark greyish olive; a small basal patch, darkest at costa, otherwise mixed with

white except at its sinuous edge; two sinuous lines (markedly incurved in sub-

median area) follow, broader anteriorly than posteriorly, arising from dark costal

spots and darkened where they cross M and SM?; a very faint line midway between

the outer of these lines and median area; median area bounded proximally by a

rather weak, slender, curved, crenulate line, which arises from a large costal spot

and is most distinct on the veins, and distally by two broad lines, between the veins

more or less confluent, the outer of them enlarged at the costa, both following about

the same course as the termen; a minute cell-dot not far beyond the antemedian

NOYITATES ZOOLOGICA XXIII. 1916. 27

line, anterior to it a subcostal bar (intersected by the vein), connecting the ante-

median with the first postmedian; the white band distally to the postmedian is

moderately broad and is scarcely visibly bisected except at costa; subterminal

line broad, bounded on each side by a strongly crennlate olive line ; these (especially

the proximal) are thickest anteriorly and are connected between the radials by

two thick longitudinal dashes ; termen with olive patches on the veins, confluent

with the outer boundary-line of the subterminal and containing white dots (the

anterior two or three minute) at the extremities of the teeth ; fringe white, dark-

spotted at the ends of the veins. Hindwing with the two distal lines of median

area continued, the white space beyond broadening from R3, containing olive dashes

on R’, M!, M? and SM?; subterminal area, termen and fringe nearly as on forewing.

Forewing beneath strongly marked ia anterior half, extremely feebly in

posterior ; hindwing very feebly throughout.

Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, 5000-7000 ft., January 1911

(A. S. Meek). Type in coll. Tring Mus.

Closely related to virtdata Warr. (Nov. Zool. xiii. 107, as Hastina), which

must be transferred to this genus; longer-winged and much more white.

60. Heterophleps sinuosaria nubilata subsp. nov.

&, 40 mm. Much less brown than sinuosaria sinuosaria Leech, the ground-

colour of the forewing being drab, with a strong purplish-grey suffasion in proximal

half; discal mark feeble; hindwing rather paler; lines less sharp, especially

beneath.

Vrianatong, Tibet. Type in coll. L. B. Prout.

61. Sauris fasciata graphica subsp. nov.

Distinguishable from the N. Indian race fasciata Moore (= normis Hmpsn.) by

having the lines of the forewing better expressed, the postmedian marked with

short black dashes proximally, subterminal with dark shading proximally in addition

to the blotch at the radials, discal spot generally large and thick.

Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, 5000-7000 ft., January 1911

(A. S. Meek). Type in coll. Tring Mus.

I have not yet been able to study the species throughout the intermediate

regions.

62. Megaloba rubripicta Warr.

The insect which Warren (Nov. Zool. xiii. 111) described as the @ of his

rubripicta certainly belongs to the following new species. I have before me a @

from Mount Goliath, January 1911, which may be the missing ?, as typical

rubripicta was taken at the same time and place (but so, too, was the new species

in both sexes). Size of the ¢, forewing closely similar, slightly more sharply

marked, the light bands which limit the median area paler and broader ; hindwing

above and both wings beneath uniformly rosy.

63. Megaloba crypsipyrrha sp. nov.

3%, 40-41 mm. Similar to rubripicta Warr., but larger, more strongly

glossy.

Forewing much more sharply marked, very pale green, with blackish green

28 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

markings, consisting of: a small mark close to base; a bar at about one-sixth,

oblique outwards from costa, acutely angled in cell, then oblique inwards, with a

triangular distal expansion in posterior half; a pair of streaks from costa at one-

third, the distal the stronger and thicker ; opposite to these a large triangular patch

at or near hindmargin, the apex of the triangle pointing basewards ; a bar across

middle of wing, moderately straight and thick except at hindmargin, where it

narrows and forms a proximad angle or strong curve; a thick, sinuous postmedian

line, nearly meeting the preceding behind M?, triangularly thickened outwards

before SM?, ending on hindmargin similarly to the preceding ; an ill-defined costal

half-band, with strong distal projections, placed just beyond the postmedian ; a

series of dark spots distally to the pale onter band (which is rather more sinuous

and more strongly bent behind R* than in ruhripieta), those before SC*, behind

R! and in submedian area the largest and strongest ; a subapical spot and some

smaller lunales distally to the submarginal line, which is rather near termen and

is itself broken into threadlike pale lunules; in addition there is a much larger

cell-spot than in rubripicta, and a small, obliqnely-placed blackish spot proximally

to the median line, the two with whitish circumscription and somewhat recalling

the reniform and orbicular spots of the Noctuidae. Hindwing purple-red, paler

distally.

Underside largely bright red, especially the costa and postmedian area of the

forewing and nearly the whole hindwing ; distal border of forewing pale grey, of

hindwing more vaguely shaded with darker grey.

Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, about 139° E. longitude, 5000-

7000 ft., January— February 1911 (A. S. Meek). Type and others in coll. Tring Mus.

Also from the Angabunga River, British New Guinea, 2 ? ? mistaken by Warren

for the ? of rudripicta. It seems to agree in structure, except that the d hind-

tarsus is slightly longer.

64. Phthonoloba praeéminens sp. nov.

32%, 57-59 mm. Head dirty pale green. First joint of palpus and a small

patch on upper part of side of second joint at its base blackish fuscous, the rest pale

green. Thorax above green, with black spots, one in front and one beside it on

tegula slightly raised or roughened, a pair in middle rather large or confluent, a

pair posteriorly narrower. Abdomen extremely long (in d 17 or 18 mm., in ? 15

or 16), first segment dorsally yellow, second with a narrow mediodorsal stripe and

narrow posterior belt yellowish (forming together an inverted T), otherwise fuscous,

third and fourth segments fuscous, narrowly pale posteriorly, the succeeding

segments with progressively decreasing pairs of fuscous spots on their anterior

part.

Wings (especially the hindwing) narrower than in typical PAthonoloba, glossy.

Forewing pale green, shaded with somewhat darker green ; the markings

consisting of fine whitish, yellow-mixed lines and velvety-blackish rows of spots or

bands ; first white line close to base, not reaching costa, accompanied distally by a

small blackish patch from costa to SM?; second at 3 mm., from a small black

costal spot, curving inwards at SM?, very finely dark-edged distally; third at

5 mm., slightly sinuous, rather oblique outwards at hindmargin, followed by dark

spots in anterior half and one at hindmargin; fourth at 8 mm., more sinuous,

mostly accompanied (except in posterior half proximally) by dark spots or broken

line ; fifth at 11 mm., bent in same direction as fourth, but less strongly, a clear

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 29

green band proximally, double series of dark spots (interrupted lines) distally ;

sixth at about 16 mm., very tortuous; inbent costally and at R’-M!, indented at

SM?, oblique outwards at hindmargin, accompanied distally by dark spots; seventh

roughly parallel with sixth (at about or nearly 3 mm. distance), but lacking the deep

costal curve, accompanied proximally by small dark spots ; eighth and ninth parallel

with and not far from seventh, rather less distinct, separated from one another by

dark spots ; tenth (subterminal) running to tornus, interrupted at veins, and with

V-shaped proximal bends at R? and R? and broader, less deep ones at M! and M?;

dark spots between this line and ninth near costa, between radials and posteriorly,

much smaller dark marks distally in all the cells; termen with black triangles on

the veins, their apices at the margin itself, their bases finely white-edged ; a large

oval or reniform blackish discal spot, with white circumscription, proximal to the

sixth line, Hindwing bronzy fuscous, with small cell-spot and vague dark distal

border, narrowing to tornus.

Both wings beneath glossy dark fuscous, with elongate blackish discal mark

and feeble pale sinuous postmedian line; forewing in addition with still fainter

traces of pale antemedian lines and with a conspicuous row of subterminal white

spots.

Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, 5000-7000 ft., January 1911

(A. S. Meek). Type in coll. Tring Mus.

A very handsome species, much larger than the rest of the group.

65. Pseudoschista pallidipalpis sp. nov.

6,35 mm. Closely similar to nigrifusalis Warr. (Nov. Zool. iii. 120), from

the Khasis, but with the palpus uniform light olivaceous (in zigrifusalis blackish

beneath).

Forewing more ochreous olivaceous (but possibly a little discoloured), first

line accompanied by stronger dark shading, median line less dark except in

submedian area, where it forms a sharper angle proximad, falling vertically on

hindmargin (in nigrifusalis obliquely outwards), the dark median shade more

solid, but neither reaching the median line nor the hindmargin. Hindwing and

underside less fuscous (more tinged with ochreous).

Lower Oetakwa River, Dutch South New Guinea, November 17-28, 1910

(A. S. Meek). Type in coll. Tring Mus.

66. Ziridava brevicellula sp. nov.

?,25 mm. Structure of zylinaria Walk., except that the cell of hindwing

is shorter (scarcely over one-third the wing-length, in zylinaria two-fifths).

Coloration of the less rufous examples of that species ; smaller and differing

essentially in the position of the fuscous markings.

Forewing fuscous along costa for a breadth of 1 mm. or more, but somewhat

interruptedly, the more conspicuous interruption being distally to the median area;

a dark fuscous streak (thick line) along cell-fold, 15 mm. long, ending at DC;

a dark fuscous patch at distal end of median area, extending from the darkened

costa to the fold between R! and R?; a dark fuscous dash near termen between

R? and M!; there are also, as in zylinaria, a few tiny dashes or dark teeth

accompanying some of the vague transverse lines. Hindwing with a small

dark mark at inner margin near base (the beginning of the band of zylinaria),

30 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

and a large dark cloud (about 2 mm. in breadth) at distal margin from R to

tornus. .

In addition, the face and palpus are blacker above, thorax more deeply

infuscated anteriorly, abdomen with stronger dark marks dorsally opposite the

proximal dark mark of hindwing and additional dark mark near anus, correlated

to the tornal blotch ; postmedian line a little farther from termen.

Goodenough Island, 2500-4000 ft., April 1913 (A. S. Meek). Type in

coll. Tring Mus. I believe I have seen it from other localities in the Papuan

subregion.

67. Prosthetopteryx eusemozona sp. nov.

3,18 mm. Head and thorax light brown, darker spotted. Abdomen mostly

pale. Fore and middle legs dark, becoming pale at extremities of joints.

Forewing smooth-scaled, very pale green, inclining to olive-yellow; markings

red-brown, finely dark-edged ; basal patch slightly erenulate at its edge ; a costal

spot between this and median band; median band very narrow, straight-edged,

gradually tapering posteriorly; an elongate costal triangle from apex, its inward

point at R!, a slight pale interruption indicating the subterminal line ; a moderately

broad oblique-edged terminal cloud from hindmargin about to R?, where it ends in

a point ; subterminal line faintly traceable hereon; termen with black dashes,

weaker posteriorly ; fringe red-brown, weakly dark chequered. Hindwing with

slight, shallow excision in termen behind R’; rather paler than forewing; a patch

of specialised black scaling along R*-M), recalling that of Tripteridia albimixta

Warr. (Nov. Zool. xiii. 131), but broader.

Forewing beneath more greyish, paler posteriorly; weakly marked with

median and subterminal bands, which tend to dissolve into lines and to become

obsolete posteriorly. Hindwing with still vaguer traces of curved transverse

lines.

Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, 5000-7000 ft., January 1911

(A. S. Meek). Type in coll. Tring Mus.

Perhaps nearest infantilis Warr. (Nov. Zool. xiv. 158), which has the anterior

excision of hindwing very much larger, the band of forewing much less straight

and concise.

Syzyx gen. nov.

Face with projecting cone of scales. Palpus long, second joint rough-scaled

above and with long, forward-projecting scales beneath, third joint smooth, elongate.

Tongue present. Antenna in d ciliated. Femora glabrous. Hindtibia in d with

terminal spurs only. Metathorax rather strongly crested. Abdomen loosely

crested. Forewing shaped as in broad-winged Hupithecta; DC nearly vertical;

areole single, ample. Hindwing shaped nearly as in Hupithecia, in d with slight

excision in distal margin at tornus, a fold along abdominal margin below, as in the

Chesias group; DC nearly straight ; SC? stalked, R? from slightly behind middle

of DC, M! well separate, M? and SM? wanting.

Type of the genus: Syzyx postfulvata sp. nov.

68. Syzyx postfulvata sp. nov.

3,21 mm. Head and palpus ochreous, the face with a slight tinge of olive.

Thorax above more mixed with olive, metathorax with some slight dark spots ;

beneath pale. Fore and middle tibiae and tarsi blackish, with whitish spots at

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 31

extremity of joints. Abdomen somewhat variegated (ochreous brown, olivaceous

and fuscous), with a dark dorsal patch on second segment.

Forewing glossy pale olive-green, the markings deeper olive-green with a

fuscous admixture ; basal patch scarcely over 1 mm., its edge tolerably direct; a

narrow, ill-defined band between this and the central fascia, connected with the

latter by some diffuse shading behind cell; some slight dark shading in cell

proximal to central fascia; central fascia rather narrow (little over 2 mm., nar-

rowing at hindmargin), its proximal edge irregularly crenulate and slightly concave,

its distal very bluntly angled outwards before R!, weakly inbent at RP, slightly

bilobed before and behind M!, slightly crenulate posteriorly ; a lavender-coloured

smear on this band, commencing at its distal edge between the medians, curving

proximad and hindwards, to end in its proximal part about the fold; a fine white

line edging the band distally; a triangular costal patch anterior to the almost

obsolete subterminal line, continued as a dark, proximally white-edged line between

the radials ; a much vaguer dark shade opposite it at hindmargin, slightly mixed

with lavender and white; ground-colour very slightly darkened distally to the sub-

terminal; no definite terminal line. Hindwing glossy bright ochreous, unmarked,

Forewing beneath as far as the postmedian line mostly infuscated, with indi-

cations of crenulate lines; distally ochreous, with crenulate dark lines indicated

in anterior half, one corresponding to the triangle and line of the upperside distinct.

Hindwing beneath ochreous, with two crenulate, rather ill-defined lines in distal

half, both bending basewards near costa; faint indications of another at costa about

middle of wing.

Meunt Goliath, Central Duteh New Guinea, 5000-7000 ft., January 1911,

Type in coll. Tring Mus.

69. Horisme illustris sp. nov.

&2,27-30 mm. Face whitish. Palpus long (over twice diameter of eye),

second joint with long-projecting scales, third joint elongate, smooth ; dark brown

on outer side. Vertex pale brown, sometimes dark-mixed. Thorax above mostly

dark brown, beneath with a whitish spot in front. Abdomen above with a pale belt

at base, otherwise mixed with russet and dark brown ; beneath without russet.

Legs mostly dark, with slight pale spots at ends of joints.

Forewing with termen slightly curved, rather strongly oblique ; glossy ; basal

patch dark brown, darkest distally, edged by a fine, curved, slightly crenulate

whitish line ; a less dark, quite ill-defined band in the succeeding area, narrowing

posteriorly ; median band about 5 mm. wide at costa, about 3°5 mm. at hindmargin,

its proximal edge angled about fold, running obliquely inwards to hindmargin, its

distal edge irregularly crenulate, indented at SC°, somewhat lobed behind R* and

more slightly behind M!, oblique inwards to M?; ochraceous, overlaid with dark

lines and clouding proximally, especially in anterior part, and with similar darkening

distally at costa only, a narrow pale space in middle of interior half containing the

elongate black cell-mark ; very narrow whitish bands proximally and distally to

the median band, each traversed by a weak, interrupted dark thread; distal area

brown, traversed proximally to the subterminal line by crenulate dark lines; sub-

terminal line lunulate-dentate, whitish, slightly dusky where it traverses a darkened

cloud about the radials; this darkened cloud runs obliquely to the apex, bounded

anteriorly by an oblique whitish line which cuts the subterminal; termen with

pairs of large dark dots; fringe slightly darker proximally than distally, and

32 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

weakly dark-spotted opposite the veins. Hindwing not very broad ; glossy pale

greyish ; discal dot dark ; a pale postmedian band, traversed by an indistinct grey

thread and angled behind R*; a fine, pale subterminal line.

Both wings beneath marked much as hindwing above, but more brownish and

with crenulate lines slightly traceable on the dark areas.

Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, 5000-7000 ft., February 1911,

type d, and January 1911, both sexes (A. S. Meek) in coll. Tring Mus.

Referred to Horisme on account of the double areole, but the palpus suggests

affinity with Micromia. Perhaps this species and the two which follow, together

with several of Warren’s New Guinea Zucymatoge, will form a new genus.

70. Horisme aeolotis sp. nov.

3, 25mm. Face white, with a small black-mixed tuft at lower edge. Palpus

stout, with strongly projecting scales; mostly blackish, extreme tip white. Vertex

white, posteriorly with a slight brownish tinge. Antenna dark. Thorax mixed

white and blackish ; metathorax with strong, bifid white crest, black-marked in

front. Abdomen fuscous, with a black dorsal spot near base, crests rather strong,

mostly brownish white.

Wings glossy. Forewing very variegated ; base white, with a slight brown

admixture, from SC to costa blackish ; basal patch otherwise blackish, cut by a

light brown (in some lights shot with purple) streak at fold, its distal edge at costa

2:5 mm. from base, incurved on SC, with double pointed projections before and

behind M, then curving obliquely inwards ; succeeding area white, cut by a brown,

blackish-mixed streak at fold, also with a blackish dot at costa and a lunulate-

dentate, somewhat interrupted line from SC to the fold-streak, distally shaded with

pale brownish; median area broad, at costa 5 mm., its proximal edge rather deeply

curved and somewhat sinuous, its distal with a rather sharp-pointed indentation

at SC5,a projecting lobe at R? (its anterior margin more gradually sloping than

its posterior), sharp indentations on M!, M? and SM?; proximal part narrowly

‚black, interrupted by the fold-streak, which here and as far as the middle of the

area has again the purple gloss; distal part very narrowly and interruptedly pre-

ceded proximally by two or three dentate dark lines, middle of the area light brown

(mixed, especially at costa and distally to the cell-spot, with white), a slight purple

suffusion between the medians at their origin, a vague suffusion between R? and

M', interrupting the postmedian dark markings; cell-spot strong, black, crescentic ;

a narrow brownish-white band distally to the postmedian, intersected by a brown

line and bounded distally by an interrupted black one; between this and the sub-

terminal line stand a duplicating, still more interrupted dark line, pairs of blackish

spots at costa and between radials, a single one between mediaus and a very pale

blue spot anteriorly to R! ; subterminal line rather slender, lunulate-dentate, white,

in places tinged with blue; terminal area light brownish, with some darker

shadings and black spots; terminal line interrupted at veins and (at least in part)

midway between; fringe white, with very slight dark dividing-line and with strong

dark spots opposite the veins. Hindwing light purplish grey, darker distally

to a very faint pale double postmedian stripe, the dark area showing traces of a

very fine white subterminal ; discal dot small and weak.

Underside glossy fuscous, with small, somewhat crescentic discal dots and

faint traces of pale, divided outer band ; distally to this somewhat less glossy and

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 33

more variegated, with traces of fine whitish subterminal line; fringes nearly as

above.

Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, 5000-7000 ft., January 1911

(A. 8. Meek). Type in coll. Tring Mus.

Perhaps nearest to drunneata Warr. (Nov. Zool. xiii. 116), but with much

sharper coloration, the bands differently formed, ete.

71. Horisme subtilis sp. nov.

?, 20mm. Head green, spotted with fuscous. Palpus more strongly spotted

with fuscous, the greenish ground-colour almost obscured, except beneath. Thorax

and abdomen dorsally green, spotted with fuscous, the latter colour prevailing

towards anus.

Wings smooth-scaled, rather glossy. Forewing yellow-green, the extreme

costal edge, the markings and the fringe purplish fuscous ; basal patch moderately

large, enclosmg some green spots (especially one near the base), its distal edge

slightly angled outwards in cell and slightly incurved between M and fold ; median

band just beyond middle of wing, very slenderly white-edged, nearly 3 mm. wide

at costa, narrowing to radial area, both its edges sinuous and especially incurved

in this area, the distal edge afterwards excurved at R?-M! and incarved at fold;

an elongate subapical patch between costa and SC?, containing the beginning of a

dentate white subterminal line; a rather narrow distal border from SC’ (narrowest

between R* and M?), containing near its proximal edge a dentate (or posteriorly

lunulate-dentate) white subterminal line and distally some green terminal spots.

Hindwing without markings, reddish ochreous, paler proximally.

Under-surface nondescript pale fleshy greyish, with close but not strong darker

irroration, both wings showing traces of a somewhat bent postmedian and some

indefinite distal dark shading.

Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, 5000-7000 ft. February 1911

(A. 8. Meek). Type in coll. Tring Mus.

72. Eupithecia synclinogramma sp. nov.

3,20 mm. Head pale olivaceous. Palpus rather long (about twice diameter

of eye), with third joint elongate and exposed. Antennal ciliation minute. Thorax

above olivaceous, dark-marked on the tegulae ; beneath pale. Abdomen pale, the

crests rudimentary.

Forewing moderately broad, the costal margin somewhat arched anteriorly,

termen not very strongly oblique, becoming more so behind R?; glossy seal-brown;

very feeble subbasal and antemedian lines of pale olivaceous, both becoming a little

more distinct at costa; a rather large, roundish black cell-spot; a fine, strongly

excurved, pale olivaceous line from beyond two-thirds costa to about three-fourths

hindmargin, distally accompanied by a darker olive line; a broader, anteriorly

incurved line from apex to tornus, touching the previous olive line from about

R? to M?; fringe concolorous. Hindwing not very short; pale brown-grey,

unmarked.

Forewing beneath grey as far as the postmedian line, with faint discal dot

and traces of lines beyond ; distally very pale brownish, with traces of lines. Hind-

wing beneath very pale brownish, with four or five curved lines, one in the middle

the strongest.

34 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

Monnt Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, 5000-7000 ft., January 1911

(A. S. Meek). Type in coll. Tring Mus.

Rather recalls dasichlora Warr. (Nov. Zool. vi. 340) and chlorophora Swinh.

(Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xvi. 295), but without the green base and with the distal

edge ofthe dark area forming a more regular curve.

Sterrhochaeta gen. nov.

Face sloping, rough-scaled or with projecting tuft below. Palpus long, strong,

second joint rough, triangularly scaled, third joint smooth, rather small, Antenna

in both sexes simple. Hindtibia with all spurs. Thorax often with long, low,

narrow crest (dorsal ridge). Forewing not broad, termen very slightly curved,

oblique; underside with stiff hairs arising in posterior part,* and projecting more

or less over the cell; cell less than one-half, DC incurved, posteriorly extremely

oblique outwards ; areole double, SC? arising from stalk of SC*~ or at least

(argyrastrape) from apex of cell. Hindwing rather narrow, costa relatively long,

apex and termen rounded ; cell short, especially anteriorly, DC strongly biangulate,

R? nearer to R* than to R!,

Type of the genus: Sterrhochaeta fulgurata (Warr.)= Chaetolopha fulgurata

Warr. (Nov. Zool. xiii. 94).

Near Chaetolopha Warr. (Nov. Zool. vi. 41) both in structure and facies, but

distinguished by the double areole. The following of Warren’s species also belong

here: rectilineata (Nov. Zool. v. 246, xili. 95), flzxilinea (xilil. 94), pictipennis

(xiii. 95), ruptistriga (ibid.), splendens (ibid.), and semiradiata (xiv. 145).

73. Sterrhochaeta rectilineata dilatans subsp. nov.

$3, 22-26 mm. On an average larger than name-typical rectilineata Warr.,

from British New Guinea, the median band and distal shading rather darker and

greyer, but especially distinguished by having the pale distal boundary-line of the

median band slightly bent in the middle and broader—particularly its posterior

balf in the 3, where it becomes whitish. Underside also rather darker, the line of

hindwing more bent.

Goodenough Island, 2500-4000 ft., April and May 1915 (A. 8. Meek). Type

in coll. Tring Mus.

74. Sterrhochaeta chaea sp. nov.

3,24 mm. Head, thorax, legs and upperside of abdomen concolorous with

forewing, abdomen beneath with hindwing. Palpus just over twice as long as

diameter of eye.

Forewing above deep, bright reddish ochreous, the markings white ; first line

from one-sixth costa to one-fifth hindmargin, fairly straight, very slender and

interrupted (almost obsolete), but thicker and conspicuous in cell; proximal

boundary line of median area from one-third costa, rather oblique inwards, very

slender and weak, in cell forming a rather thick, less oblique, conspicuous mark,

behind cell still slightly thicker, running vertically to hindmargin at one-fifth,

interrupted by SM?, then narrowing ; median area very slightly darkened, especially

at its edges; distal boundary of this area from costa just proximally to two-thirds,

at first parallel with antemedian, but slightly more bent outwards or approaching

* Probably at SM?; I have no material for dissection.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 35

R?, somewhat angled at R*, thence very slightly incurved, reaching hindmargin

just beyond two-thirds ; faint at costa and between radials, otherwise conspicuous,

its distal half gradually widening in middle; subterminal line very slender and

inconspicuous, only whitish in anterior part, where it is rather nearer to postmedian

line than to termen ; about R! it is somewhat curved outwards, but from this point

it is only represented by some faintly grey shading. Hindwing much paler

ochreous, darkening very slightly distally ; unmarked.

Forewing beneath considerably paler than above, with only the feeblest

indication of the upperside markings ; hindwing beneath scarcely so pale as above;

a darker, very slightly incurved, diffuse line from abdominal margin to R? just

beyond cell, here angled, becoming somewhat oblique inwards, but soon fading out ;

a weaker, but more complete, curved subterminal dark line.

Goodenough Island, 2500-4000 ft., May 1913 (A. 8. Meek). Type in coll.

Tring Mus.

Very near ruptistriga Warr., but without white on face, thorax and abdomen,

the lines rather less broken, posteriorly thicker and falling vertically (in that

species strongly obliquely) on hindmargin.

75. Sterrhochaeta argyrastrape sp. nov.

?, 31 mm. Face fulvous, mixed with red. Palpus nearly three times

diameter of eye; fulvons, the outer side (except the small third joint) strongly

mixed with red. Vertex mostly red, mixed with fulvous posteriorly. Antenna

pale yellowish. Thorax concolorous with forewing, metathorax with an elongate

silver spot. Abdomen narrowly pale at ends of segments and with a pale stripe on

side except towards anal end ; ovipositor prominent.

Forewing fulvous, strongly shaded with red-brown, and with some fine black

irroration, which becomes strong as an edging to the silvery markings and a cloud

behind M and M! between the median and postmedian lines; some not very

conspicuous silvery interneural dashes in proximal half of wing ; lines silver-white,

extremely tortuous and angular, in places rather thick, but irregular, interrupted

with black in crossing some of the veins ; antemedian extremely angled outward

anteriorly ; median arising from a comma-shaped spot, angled outward at M,

strongly oblique inward at hindmargin ; postmedian strongly zigzag in its middle

(first outward, then inward); subterminal very acutely dentate, thick between

SC’ and R!; a silvery comma at apex; fringe proximally unmarked, distally

clear fulvous with blackish spots. Hindwing much paler fulvous, almost

unmarked.

Forewing beneath with the principal silvery markings indicated; hindwing

frosted with shiny pale-bluish scales, a dark cell-spot and two dark transverse lines

in distal part.

Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, 5000-7000 ft., January 1911

(A. 8. Meek). Type in coll. Tring Mus.

Larger, ete., than S. fulgurata Warr. (Nov. Zool. xiii. 94), lines of forewing far

more irregular.

76. Spectrobasis impectinata sp. nov.

3%, 26-31 mm. Face olivaceous. Palpus ochreous on innerside and at

ends of joints, otherwise much mixed with blackish. Vertex blackish in middle,

narrowly ochreous at each side. Antennal shaft heavily irrorated with black,

36 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

merely serrate, with slender paired fascicles of cilia. Thorax and abdomen

ochreous, mixed with blackish ; tegulae green.

Forewing pale ochreous, clouded nearly all over with greyish fuscous ; costal

edge blackened at base and in irregular elongate spots farther out, otherwise

remaining of the ground-colour, which also shows very slightly as a bent post-

median line and the costal commencement of a dentate subterminal, followed by a

subapical costal patch ; a light green anterior patch close to base, continued for a

little way as a subcostal streak ; a small black cell-spot ; fringe at base rufescent

or fuscous, throughout heavily dark-chequered. Hindwing still more uniformly

clouded, only with scarcely noticeably paler band in middle and again at termen ;

fringe chequered, sometimes infuscated almost throughout.

Forewing beneath smoky, darkening near costa; terminal region rufous or

fuscous ; costal margin at base blackish, then with a broad, narrowing ochreous

patch, distally rufous, the veins sometimes remaining ochreous; an oblique whitish

streak from apex and a shorter one from costa near it (both almost obliterated in

dark examples by fuscous clouding). Hindwing beneath predominantly rufous

mixed with blackish fuscous; an ill-defined pale antemedian band, at least in

inner-marginal region ; the beginning of a similar postmedian band at inner margin ;

a much interrupted pale subterminal line, chiefly indicated as anterior spots and a

sinuous streak from tornus.

Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, 5000-7000 ft., January and

February 1911 (A. S. Meek). Type (February) in coll. Tring Mus.

Forms a new section of the genus, all the hitherto known species (Nov. Zool.

xill., xiv.) having strongly pectinate ¢ antennae; otherwise curiously similar

to maligna Warr. (xiv. 149; for “2 22” read “2 dd”).

77. Anapalta aurifera circumfumata subsp. nov.

?,49 mm. Larger than aurifera aurifera Warr. (Nov. Zool. x. 373), further

distinguished as follows :

Forewing with the green markings in central fascia reduced to a longitudinal

streak on M and a single, much interrupted transverse line ; fuscous blotches in

distal area larger, a strong one occupying more of radial area. Hindwing with

costa narrowly, apex more broadly and most of cell infuscated. Forewing beneath

with yellow mach reduced, but with a small pale yellowish spot at apex and

another at termen between R’ and M!; hindwing with broad fuscous distal border

and a curved postmedian series of fuscous vein-dots.

Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, 5000-7000 ft., January 1911

(A. 8. Meek). Type in coll. Tring Mus.

78. KXanthorhoé succerasina sp. nov.

?,48 mm. Intermediate between X. cerasina Warr. (Nov. Zool. xiii. 104,

t. 10, f. 5) and interrupta Warr, (loc. eit. 105, f. 10). Larger than either.

Forewing with median band of more uniform breadth throughout, without the

strong subcostal indentation proximally of cerasina or the distal protuberance of

interrupta and scarcely narrowed posteriorly to M?; the space distally to this band

more broadly and more decidedly pale than in interrupta, less broadly than in

cerasina, with a slight pink tinge; a dentate subterminal line much better developed

than in either of the allies. Hindwing also intermediate, all the four outer lines

distinct at abdominal margin, the proximal pair of them traceable across wing.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916, 37

Underside nearly as in the allies, the pale line just beyond the cell-spot less

curved anteriorly.

Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, 5000-7000 ft., February 1911

(A. S. Meek). Type in coll. Tring Mus.

79. Cataclysme plurilinearia murina subsp. nov.

d, 39-42 mm. Much darker than plurilinearia plurilinearia Leech, drab-

grey, finely and closely irrorated with mouse-grey, quite without the yellow shadings

of the name-typical form.

Vrianatong, Tibet. 11 dd in coll. L. B. Prout.

SUBFAM. GEOMETRINAE

80. Aplochlora eucosmeta sp. nov.

?,32 mm. Head and body concolorous with wings.

Forewing broad, stalk of SC! arising from that of SC*~ near its base,

anastomosing with C, SC? afterwards anastomosing rather strongly with SC’;

dirty pale olive-green, not glossy, with coarse but sparse and irregular irroration

of dull dark reddish (anteriorly more blackish); a rather large blackish, slightly

red-mixed cell-spot ; two spots at just beyond two-thirds wing-length, formed of

conglomerated irroration, one before and the other behind R*; terminal spots

blackish, only the anterior three or four present, the first the largest. Hindwing

with cell-dot smaller, postmedian spots best developed anteriorly (before and

behind SC*).

Both wings beneath pale ochre-yellow to beyond middle, then vaguely fleshy-

tinged ; discal dots present; forewing in addition with large roundish grey blotch

near tornus, from M? to hindmargin.

Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, 5000-7000 ft, February 1911

Type in coll. Tring Mus.

Forewing broader, termen less oblique, than in subfava Warr. (Nov. Zool. iii.

392, x. 383), hindwing with abdominal margin relatively a good deal less elongate, °

discal dot of forewing larger, coloration both above and beneath more variegated.

Agrees with that species in having SC! arising out of stalk of SC’,

81. Plutodes drepanephora sp. nov.

d, 32 mm. Face and palpus orange-yellow. Vertex and base of antennal

shaft paler yellow. Thorax light yellow in front; upperside of body otherwise

mixed with orange and slightly with violaceous.

Forewing yellow, becoming orange-yellow distally, except at hindmargin ; a

slightly irregular silvery line along M from base to nearly 4 mm., then forming an

almost semicircular forward curve, its distal end running along DC? ; a very oblique

‘silvery line from about two-fifths hindmargin to M?; a proximally convex silvery

line from SC! about 3 mm. from apex to hindmargin at nearly three-fourths, its

anterior part broken into an irregular streak and two dots ; a curved silvery line

close to termen, from SC? to fold, interrupted at the veins ; the space between the

proximal two silvery lines (and to base) wholly, that between the distal two proxi-

mally, weakly suffused with violet-grey. Hindwing similarly coloured, close to

base violaceous, the proximal silvery lines almost entirely obsolete, the hindmarginal

traceable in places, particularly as a spot beyond middle of abdominal margin ;

38 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

abdominal margin proximally to this spot tinged with orange; distal area nearly

as on forewing, but with the first silvery line almost straight, scarcely at all

interrupted.

Underside almost unicolorous, markings of distal half very feebly indicated.

? slightly larger, the violet-grey shades stronger.

Near Oetakwa River, Snow Mountains, Dutch New Guinea, up to 3500 ft.,

October—December 1910 (A. S. Meek). Type in coll. Tring Mus.

82. Heterolocha citrina sp. nov.

3,35 mm. Face purplish fuscous. Palpus dark fuscous above, orange-yellow

beneath. Thorax, abdomen, and legs yellow ; fore and middle legs marked with

blackish fuscous, hindleg with reddish.

Forewing with costa arched, apex rather sharp but not produced ; pale lemon-

yellow, with scattered minute greyish strigulae, especially in distal area; costa

suffused with vinaceous at base, minutely dotted with blackish grey throughout ;

lines vinaceous; first feeble, except as a rather large costal spot at almost one-

fourth ; deeply excurved in cell and less deeply in submedian area; cell-mark

narrow, vinaceous ; outer line thick, running obliquely and straight from apex to

R3, very feebly incurved in posterior half, reaching hindmargin beyond three-fourths;

accompanied proximally by disconnected blackish marks between the veins, the

first four lunulate and strong, the others very small or obsolescent ; a vinaceous

terminal line; fringe deeper yellow, with an oblique purple spot at apex.

Hindwing more whitish, except in abdominal region and posterior half of distal

area ; a postmedian band, more purple than that of forewing, tapering from three-

fourths abdominal margin to R?, anteriorly obsolete; a blackish grey proximal

edging to this band; vague indications of a cell-mark ; terminal line thicker and

more diffuse than on forewing.

Underside with strigulation much stronger, dark purplish ; markings coloured

as on hindwing above; base of forewing suffused; band of hindwing complete; an

elongate cell-mark well developed on both wings.

Vrianatong, Tibet. Type in coll. L. B. Prout.

Euctenostega gen. nov.

Face smooth. Palpus rather short, second joint shortly rough-scaled, third joint

smooth, exposed, moderate. Tongue present. Antenna in both sexes bipectinate

to beyond two-thirds, the branches long in the d, moderate in the ?. Hindtibia

in 6 dilated ; all spurs present. Forewing rather broad, apex moderate, termen

smooth, curved, oblique; cell short, DC somewhat curved; SC! coincident,

free, arising from cell, SC?” normal, R? connate or stalked with R!, M! approxi-

mated to R®. Hindwing with termen rounded ; cell short ; © approximated to SC

shortly near base, rapidly diverging, SC? just separate from R!, R? wanting, M!

just separate from R°.

Type of the genus : Euctenostega hypsicyma sp. nov.

Already three or four genera of the Sfegania group are known in which R? of

the forewing arises with or close to R!, but the new species cannot be referred

to any of them. From the African Xenostega Warr. (= Pseudocrocinis Swinh.

nov. syn.), which shares with it the pectinate antennae, it differs in the longer third

joint of palpus, shorter cells, and in the point of origin of SC!” of the forewing.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 39

83. Euctenostega hypsicyma sp. nov.

d?, 23-24 mm. Face and palpus red-brown, pale ochreous below. Vertex

pale ochreous, spotted with red-brown. Thorax and abdomen the same above,

mostly pale beneath,

Forewing pale ochreous, becoming deeper and brighter distally and in part

along costal margin ; densely though rather irregularly irrorated with red-brown,

leaving free (or almost free) four narrow, ill-defined, very sinuous pale stripes, the first

(and worst-defined) close to base, the antemedian with strong distal bends at SC,

M and SM? and deep inward curves between, the postmedian following a similar

course, the subterminal with an additional inward tooth on M! ; ochreous remnants

also at termen; fringe chequered, the red-brown spots being between the veins.

Hindwing similar.

Underside similarly but rather less strongly marked.

Sarawak: Matang Road, February 16-19, 1910. Type in coll. Brit. Mus.,

paratypes in coll. Sarawak Mus. et coll. L. B. Prout.

84. Zamarada lepidota sp. nov.

3, 34 mm. Head blackish, somewhat mixed with deep red scales; lower

extremity of face and third joint of palpus pale. Antennal pectinations not very

long. Thorax and abdomen concolorous with wings, the abdomen with slight

indications of lighter and darker dorsal spots. Hindtibia strongly dilated, with

hair-pencil, terminal spurs short; hindtarsus short.

Forewing with termen slightly more oblique than in most of the genus, the

scaling much more uniform, proximal part scarcely hyaline, in some lights with

violet reflections ; light ochreous brown from base to nearly two-thirds, distally

rather more purplish, the two colours not at all sharply differentiated ; between

SC and C more purplish, spotted with blackish, extreme costal edge blackish; a

small, pale-pupilled discal ring ; extremely faint indications of a postmedian line of

dots or spots from beyond two-thirds costa to almost two-thirds hindmargin; a

terminal row of interneural black dots; fringe light ochreous brown, slightly

paler in distal half. Hindwing with inner margin relatively rather long; as

forewing.

Underside proximally rather paler, the discal marks narrower, that of hindwing

almost linear ; distal area much darker, purplish fuscous, with no indication of

postmedian spots nor of terminal dots.

Sarawak: Matang Road, November 10, 1909, March 27, 1911; Banting,

May 21,1909. Type in coll. Brit. Mus., paratypes in coll, Sarawak Mus. et coll.

L. B. Prout.

Apparently related to “ Lomographa” tenebrosa Swinh., Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond.

1902, p. 605; if so, the 2 antenna is simple and the two should form a new

section of the genus.

Eurychoria gen. nov.

Face slightly oblique, with appressed scales. Palpus shortish, second joint

shortly rough-scaled below, third joint small. Antenna in d pointed at extremity,

pubescent, each joint with a pair of short, very slender bristles. Pectus and femora

hairy. Hindtibia in 2 not dilated; all spurs well developed. Abdomen in d long

and slender, smooth-scaled; genitalia and anal tuft strongly developed. Forewing

40 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916,

with apex slightly pointed, termen smooth, rather obliqne, not very long; fovea

wanting ; cell more than one-half, DO? in d deeply inangled ; SC’ anastomosing

slightly or connected with C, SC? from stalk of SC’, anastomosing at a point or

very shortly with SC! and then with SC’, R? from before middle of DC, M* remote

from R’, Hindwing with costa slightly arched, termen smooth, convex, tornus

well expressed ; cell about one-half, DC’ oblique ; C rather shortly approximated

to cell near base, rapidly diverging, SC? separate, R* wanting, M’ widely separate.

Type of the genus: Eurychoria oenoptila sp. nov.

Near the South American Oenoptila Warr. ; differing in position of R? and in

the d DO and subcostal venation, which is sometimes very remarkable, the first

areole formed by the subcostal anastomoses being very broad ; the stalk of SC

diverges very sharply from R! and the distal areole is narrow,

85. Eurychoria oenoptila sp. nov.

Face dark red. Vertex and clavola snow-white; occiput deep red. Coilar

reddish. Thorax and abdomen concolorous with wings; anal tuft lighter.

Forewing reddish ochreous, more or less irrorated (in the type densely and

almost uniformly throughout) with deeper, more purplish red; lines still darker,

but very indistinct, their position made prominent by small white dots on the veins;

their obverse sides minutely accompanied by blackish dots; antemedian at about

5 mm., gently curved; postmedian within 4 mm. of termen (thus nearer thereto

than in vulpina Warr., Nov. Zool. ix. 369, in which it is 5 mm. from termen), very

slightly curved basewards at costa and near bindmargin ; a small black discal dot,

closely followed by a nearly straight, not conspicuous median shade, which reaches

hindmargin near the postmedian. Hindwing without the antemedian line.

Underside dull ochreous, with coarse but not very strong grey dots and

strigulae, discal dots present, lines and median shade weakly reproduced, without

white dots. Very variable; the following are the most noteworthy aberrations :

ab. sticticata nov. Each wing with one or two bright clear ochreous spots

between R? and M!; when only one is present it is proximal to the postmedian

line; the second, when present, is distal thereto.

ab. variegata nov. Basal area (only for a very short distance on hindwing)

and a large patch from median shade nearly to termen and from SC? to M? bright

clear ochreous, cut longitudinally by a streak of reddish at R? and transversely

by a lunulate-dentate blackish postmedian line (less deeply dentate than that of

Havirupta Warr.)

Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, about 139° E. longitude, 5000-

7000 ft., February 1911 (A. S. Meek). 4 ¢¢,6 2 2, in coll. Tring Mus.

The peculiarities of the d venation are in this species exaggerated :—SC of

forewing bends away from C distally, the proximal areole being therefore very

broad and four-sided ; SC? is connate or only very shortly stalked with SC%°, and

arises steeply.

86. Eurychoria flavirupta (Warr.)

Oenoptila flavirupta Warr., Nov. Zool. x. 402 (1903).

This was described from a ?, from Aroa River, British New Guinea. I have

before me also a d from Ninay Valley, Central Arfak Mountains, Dutch New

Guinea, and a d and two ? ? from Goodenough Island ; similar to vulpina Warr.,

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 4]

Nov. Zool. ix. 369 (which is perhaps also a Hurychoria, though I believe

“ Peratostega” pallidicosta Warr., Nov. Zool. x. 269, to be its &) but differing in

the more ochreous underside ; otherwise variable. One 2 is identical with the

Aroa River type, the other nearly unicolorous, with broad but weak grey transverse

shades ; the d is almost as unicolorous above as vulpina. ,

87. Trochistis felix sp. nov.

3, 33 mm. Extremely similar to the $ of rufoliva Warr. (Nov. Zool. xiit-

153), differing from that species in having the crown, antenna and upper extremity

of face pale, abdomen without blackish admixture on posterior segments above

(overlooked in Warren’s description), anal tuft stronger. Forewing with apex

perhaps slightly blunter; the olive-grey parts slightly more yellowish, more ex-

tended than even in ? rufoliva, uninterrnpted along costa, broader in median area

and forming larger and more numerous spots in distal area; white discal spot

smaller, red-ringed; the red lines rather more strongly bent. Hindwing with

similar increase in the pale olivaceons colouring ; red lines better expressed, more

bent; scattered bluish white scales, which appear in places on the red areas of

rufolica, are entirely wanting.—Underside slightly more reddish than in rufoliva,

the submarginal grey shade on hindwing weaker.

Near Oetakwa River, Snow Mountains, Dutch New Guinea, up to 3500 ft.,

Ovtober—December 1910 (A. S. Meek). Type in coll. Tring Mus.

88. Polycrasta ocellata Warr.

& Polycrasta ocellata Warr.. Nov. Zool, iii. 302 (1896).

2 Petelia inconspicua Warr., Nov. Zool. iii. 400 (1896).

This synonymy, in spite of strong sexual dimorphism, is indisputable ; the

forms regularly occur together and agree in all essentials. Polycrasta ocellata

Warr., Nov. Zool. ix. 369, also 3, is presumably an aberration, at most a local race

(Solomons). The species is distributed in New Guinea and its satellite islands and

reaches North Australia.

89. Eugnesia sciagraphica sp. nov.

& 29-32 mm.; $, 36 mm. Extremely like decolorata Warr., Nov. Zool. x.

383), but larger, slightly more yellowish, the greyish shades still weaker, first

line of forewing and second of hindwing rather straighter, and differing markedly

in the palpus. In decolorata the face has a dark red spot on each side, placed

about the middle, the first joint of the palpus has a blackish spot on middle of outer

side, the second joint is externally blackish except at base, the third joint almost

wholly blackish. In sciagraphica the spots on face are more mixed with black

(usually smaller), the first joint of palpus nearly as in decolorata, the outside of

second joint only blackish in its middle, the third joint entirely light, except a few

scales at base of upperside.

Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, about 139° H. longitude, 5000-

7000 ft., January—February 1911 (A. 8S. Meek). 7 ¢6,1 2 in coll. Tring Mus.

In addition to the differences noted above, the dark spots in outer area (behind

R$ near second line and on R! near termen) are more concise (and generally smaller)

on forewing, obsolete on hindwing.

Lo)

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916,

90. Eugnesia correspondens papuensis subsp. nov.

Apparently not separable specifically from correspondens Warr. (Nov. Zool.

iv. 77), described from the Philippines, and I think only known from western

localities in the Malayan Region, but duller coloured (light brownish rather than |

fulvous), the underside more strongly marked, especially in respect of a subterminal

series of dark spots. The upperside of the forewing shows also two rather

characteristic elongate cloudings distally to the postmedian line, the anterior (and

longer) behind R°, the posterior behind M!; the postmedian line of the hindwing

is straight in the ¢, curved in the ?.

Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, January—February 1911 (A.S.

Meek). Type in coll. Tring Mus.

It is reasonable to expect that the three 2 of correspondens recorded by

Warren (Nov. Zool. x. 384) from the Upper Aroa River will prove to belong to

this race or a similar one.

91. Eugnesia polita sp. nov.

6 ?, 27-31 mm. Face whitish, lower half marked with red on the sides.

Palpus straw-yellowish, first and second joints mostly blood-red on outer side and

beneath, extremities remaining pale. Vertex pale. Postorbital rim and collar

mixed with red. Patagia tipped with red. Tegula red at base.

Forewing glossy pale straw-colour, with very sparse red-brown irroration;

costal edge more or less mixed with reddish; a red-brown, generally blackish-

mixed spot on SC near base; first line from costa at nearly 4 mm., reddish, rather

thick but ill-defined, except at veins, where it projects basewards, thickens and

deepens, and is accentuated by blackish proximal admixture; discal mark not

large, somewhat crescentic, red mixed with blackish ; postmedian line about 4 mm.

from termen, similarly formed to antemedian, but with the projections in the

opposite direction and with a marked proximal curve posteriorly to R?; usually

a red, black-mixed spot distally to the postmedian between R? and M!; subterminal

line indistinct, white or whitish, dentate, accompanied proximally by a reddish spot

at costa and distally by one on R*; terminal dots sharp, red mixed with blackish,

placed on the veins and extending on to base of fringe; veins in distal area some-

times strongly reddened. Hindwing pale, finely and feebly irrorated, with very

little marking; a minute discal dot; the beginning of a postmedian line at

abdominal margin and usually interrupted traces of subterminal markings, never

reaching costa.

Underside similarly marked, less shiny, forewing with base of costa more

broadly red, hindwing rather less pale, its postmedian line sometimes reappearing

at costa.

Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, January—February 1911 (A.S.

Meek). 6 dd,1 ? in coll. Tring Mus.

Very distinct in its smooth, polished appearance and weakly marked hindwing.

92. Eugnesia lineata ab. cumulata ab. nov.

Differs from typical lineata Warr. (Nov. Zool. i. 409, x. 384) in that the

forewing has a large red-brown blotch in the central area, extending from the

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIIT. 1916. 43

hindmargin nearly to the discal dot and from the postmedian line more than half

way to the antemedian, its proximal edge curved so that it narrows anteriorly.

Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, February 1911 (A. 8S. Meek),

together with the normal form.

93. Kugnesia subapicata sp. nov.

3 2, 32-37 mm. Face very pale ochreous-brown, marked above with red-brown

and with two large, partly confluent red-brown spots on lower part. Palpus whitish

brown, becoming fuscous on the outside at end of first joint, greater part of second

joint, and near base of third. Vertex mostly pale. Thorax and abdomen very pale

ochreous brown, more or less irrorated with red-brown ; a red-brown band across

front of thorax, a large fuscous metathoracic spot and similar dorsal spots near base

of abdomen and near anus.

Forewing very pale ochreous brown, irrorated with red-brown and very sparsely

with blackish fuscous; costal margin red-brown, more strongly dotted with fuscous ;

lines broad, red-brown ; antemedian from before one-third costa to beyond one-third

hindmargin, forming two outward curves, with fuscous teeth proximally at M and

SM?; postmedian from costa at five-sevenths, nearly straight or in posterior part

slightly curved, distally with projecting red-brown teeth on the veins; discal dot

rather large, black ; an irregular red-brown patch distally to the postmedian line

between R? and M?, sloping obliquely away from it and containing a blackish spot

in each cellule; a large round terminal black spot at R!, slightly ent with red-

brown on the vein itself; two smaller blackish dots or dashes shortly before

(proximal to) this, more widely separated by red-brown shading at the vein (R!) ;

terminal line red-brown, with fuscons dots or spots at the vein-ends; fringe

dark-marked opposite the veins. Hindwing with discal dot rather smaller ;

postmedian line continued ; midway between this and termen a small dark spot on

radial fold and two more conspicuous interneural spots between M! and SM? ;

terminal dots rather strong, in the teeth of the strongly crenulate margin.

Underside with the markings reproduced, lines of forewing fuscescent, that of

hindwing more slender than above.

Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, about 139° E. longitude, 5000-

7000 ft., January 1911 (A. S. Meek). Type in coll. Tring Mus.

Possibly a form of sordidata Warr. (Nov. Zool. xiv. 165), somewhat analogous

to varians ab. melanospila Warr. (loc. cit.).

94. Syntaracta semipectinata sp. nov.

3, 34-35 mm. Very similar to S. nigrellata Warr. (Nov. Zool. xiii. 136),

differing as follows :

Rather smaller, antennal pectinations quite short, abdomen not or scarcely

black-dotted, wings with rather brighter reddish-fulvous irroration and markings,

all the dots and spots much reduced, the subterminal ones virtually wanting ;

postmedian line of hindwing straighter.

Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, January—February 1911 (A. 8.

Meek). Type and others in coll. Tring Mus.

A 2 which may belong here is rather paler, with duller irroration and stronger

black markings, thus even nearer to migrellata.

44 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916,

95. Syntaracta polynesia sp. nov.

3,34 mm. ; ?,38 mm. Face ochreous, with a reddish band (sometimes inter-

rupted) below middle. Palpus ochreous, each joint with a reddish spot or patch

on the outer side, near the base. Antenna in d with rather short pectinations.

Crown ochreous, posteriorly mixed with red. Ends of patagia red, marked with

black. Metathorax and abdomen with paired black dorsal spots, those of abdomen

confluent, on first and second segment united into a large patch.

Forewing light bright ochreous, in d sparsely, in ? more strongly irrorated

with deep fulvous; costal margin strongly (distally more minutely) spotted with

black; a conspicuous black spot on SC near base; lines thick, deep fulvous ;

antemedian at 4 mm., excurved in cell and in submedian area, marked on veins

with black dots proximally ; cell-dot rather large, black; postmedian line 5 or

6 mm. from termen, nearly straight, rather ill-defined proximally, with triangular

projection between R? and M!, very slightly incurved posteriorly, marked distally by

some black spots, especially between R? and M! and at hindmargin ; subterminal

line indicated by some ill-defined fulvous proximal shading, on which stand con-

fluent pairs of black spots at R!, R’-M! (very large) and hindmargin, the two

former pairs aceompanied (distally to the subterminal) by smaller pairs ; terminal

dots black, placed on ends of veins. Hindwing with the lines continued, the

black dots and spots much slighter, the only large ones being the two confluent

subterminal pairs at R°.

Under-surface similar, rather paler.

Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, February 1911,2 88,2 22.

96. Nadagara tractata sp. nov.

3, 30 mm. Face ferruginous, at edges whitish. Palpus grey, mixed with

ferruginous, tip whitish, first and second joints below, except at extremities, whitish.

Vertex and antenna ferruginous, clavola whitish. Collar and front of thorax

ferruginous. Thorax and abdomen otherwise pale grey, dorsally with a lilacine

tinge.

Forewing pale lilacine grey, along costal edge and veins with a browner tinge,

throughout with sparse dark-grey irroration ; first line obsolete ; discal dot black ;

a not very distinct, very slightly curved light-brown postmedian line midway

between this and termen, accentuated by black or blackish dots on its distal edge ;

terminal line black, very fine except between apex and SC’, slightly interrupted at

the veins, accompanied proximally by a very narrow ferruginous shade (line);

fringe grey, with a whitish line at base and with slight dark spots opposite the

veins. Hindwing similar, without discal dot; postmedian line straight, scarcely

beyond middle.

Forewing beneath dirty whitish, strongly shaded with light-brown except at

hindmargin and distally to postmedian line; nearly throughout marked with coarse

grey strigulae ; discal mark strong, elongate ; postmedian line itself obsolete, the

dots distally to it strong; a blackish-grey apical shade and slighter tornal one.

Hindwing similar, with much less brown suffusion, the dark apical shade slightly

connected with the tornal by vague submarginal shading.

Rook Island, July 1913 (A. S. Meek). Type in coll. Tring Mus.

Near intractata Walk. (List Lep. Ins. xxiv. 1097), especially in colour;

NOVITATES ZOOLOGIOAE XXIII. 1916, 45

postmedian line more as in scitilineata Walk. (tom. cit. 1094); underside different

from both.

97. Nadagara reprensata sp. nov.

3,38 mm. Head and front of thorax coloured nearly as in the preceding ; thorax

and abdomen otherwise fawn-colour.

Forewing with termen crenulate anteriorly, merely waved posteriorly; pale

fawn-colour, scarcely irrorated, the costal edge with some dark dots ; principal

veins darkened, browner ; discal dot rather large, triangular, blackish ; lines brown,

somewhat inclining to ferrnginous, narrowly pale-edged on their reverse sides,

shading off into the ground-colour on their obverse ; antemedian from one-fourth

costa, very oblique outwards, acutely angled at cell-fold, oblique inwards and almost

straight to beyond one-fourth hindmargin ; postmedian from four-fifths costa,

angled outwards on SC’, then fairly straight to hindmargin proximally to two-thirds,

its anterior part faintly crenulate ; subterminal line whitish, indistinct, slightly

receding from termen between radials, suddenly bent outwards at R* and again

more slightly behind M’, very weakly dark-shaded proximally ; terminal line weak,

somewhat interrupted; fringe feebly spotted. Hindwing similar, with costal

margin pale; antemedian line wanting; cell-dot smaller, not triangular; post-

median line gently curved near costa, not crenulate.

Underside rather paler (especially hindwing), with fine short grey strigulae,

except at posterior margin of forewing; forewing washed with ochreous in cell;

both wings with black discal dot and fine, curved brown outer line, about 3:5 mm.

from termen; terminal line darker than above; fringe rather more distinctly

spotted.

Tosari, Java, January 5, 1910 (E. A. Cockayne). Type in coll. L. B. Prout,

presented by the discoverer,

Near comprensata Walk. (List Lep. Ins. xxiv. 1095).

98. Chiasmia (?) phoeba sp. nov.

3, 28 mm.; ?, 30-33 mm. Head pale straw-colour, the face with a red-

brown spot at each side—in the d more extended red-brown. Palpus whitish at

base, otherwise ochreous mixed with red-brown. Antennal shaft with some

brownish or fuscous dots ; ciliation in ¢ at least as long as diameter of shaft.

Thorax and abdomen whitish straw-colour, the latter with single dark dorsal spots

(weak in one $). Hindtibia in Z dilated, with hair-pencil.

Forewing rather long and narrow, termen strongly oblique, scarcely sinuous ;

very pale glossy straw-colour, with scattered coarse brown irroration, the veins more

or less strongly ochreous-brownish ; lines ochreous-brownish or slightly ferruginous,

variable in strength, in the ¢ type (which, however, is slightly rubbed) chiefly

indicated as antemedian and postmedian vein-dots, in the ? complete; ante-

median curved, from one-fourth costa (or proximally thereto) to before one-third

hindmargin ; median fine and slight, curving round or almost crossing the large

fuscous oval or roundish cell-spot, which contains some light violet-grey scales ;

postmedian very slightly nearer to cell-spot than to termen, almost parallel with

the latter except anteriorly, where it makes a slight curve proximad ; accompanied

distally by a slight ferruginous shade; position of subterminal line indicated by

interneural black dots, the costal and subcostal rather large and strong, the rest

smaller, in part obsolescent ; terminal line not strong, interrupted.

Hindwing

46 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916,

with termen quite feebly crenulate ; rather whiter than forewing; a very small

grey discal dot; the beginning of a fine median line at inner margin ; a thick (or

double and partly confluent) postmedian from inner margin about to M!, becoming

obsolete ; conspicuous subterminal dots before and behind M7’, rest of series entirely

obsolete.

Forewing beneath with the cell-spot reproduced, markings otherwise weak

except at costa; hindwing nearly as above, markings traceable at costa.

Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, January—February 1911 (A. 8.

Meek). Type in coll. Tring Mus.

Akin to “ Chiasmia” papuensis Warr. (Nov. Zool. xiv. 179), but larger,

slightly narrower, termen of both wings rather less irregular, irroration much

slighter. Even further from typical Chiasmia (clathrata L.) in shape and facies

than Warren’s species.

99. Chiasmia (?) subcostistriga sp. nov.

3, 29 mm. Face and palpus pale brown, mixed with ferruginoas. Palpus

longish. Vertex whitish; occiput pale brown, mixed with ferraginous. Thorax

above pale brown, mixed with ferruginous, across the middle dark purple-fuscous.

Abdomen strongly mixed with ferruginous on sides and on fourth sternite. Legs

pale, irrorated with ferruginous.

Forewing with termen elbowed at M!, oblique behind ; very feebly subconcave

between radials and behind M?; very pale wood-brown, with irregular ferruginous

irroration; a purple-fuscous subcostal streak from base to apex ; first line ferru-

ginous, narrowly pale-edged proximally, straight from subcostal streak 3 mm. from

base to hindmargin at beyond 3 mm.; a ferruginous shade in cell near the cell-spot,

emitting a straight median line which meets the first line at hindmargin; cell-spot

somewhat elongate, its posterior extremity followed by a slight ferruginous shade

between R? and M?; postmedian line ferruginous, tinged with fuscous, narrowly

pale-edged distally ; slightly sinuous from the subcostal streak before two-thirds to

hindmargin beyond two-thirds; area between postmedian and subterminal lines

shaded with ferruginous, interrupted from R* to M? by a purple-fuscous cloud which

extends nearly to termen ; subterminal line white between SC? and R?, with two

dark dots distally ; a slight dark proximal edging ; terminal line deep ferruginous ;

base of fringe ferruginous. Hindwing with termen bulged at medians, here with

two small teeth; very slightly concave between M? and SM?; pale wood-brown,

becoming whitish at costa and in submedian area; a thick ferruginous antemedian

line from hindmargin to M beyond origin of M?; postmedian line feeble and curved

anteriorly, straighter from R! to fold, thickening, rather oblique inward to near

abdominal margin, forming a thick, outwardly oblique spot at the margin; a

terminal shade of purple-fuscous anteriorly, becoming ferruginous-mixed between

R3 and M?, emitting a ferraginous line from M? to tornus ; terminal line and fringe

as on forewing.

Forewing beneath less clouded, posterior part almost entirely pale; subcostal

streak almost obsolete, but very dark from subterminal line to apex ; cell-mark

strong ; lines present, reaching costa in strong proximal curves. Hindwing beneath

mixed with white in proximal part as well as in submedian area ; a strong cell-dot ;

curved antemedian and postmedian lines, thickest posteriorly ; a vague line close

beyond the postmedian; three blackish subterminal spots between the veins in

anterior half of wing.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 47

Kumusi River, N.E. British New Guinea, low level, August 1907 (A. S. Meek).

Type in coll. Tring Mus.

Shape nearly as in “ Chiasmia” papuensis Warr., slightly exaggerated.

100. Macaria connotata renotata subsp. nov.

6. Differs from the d of the name-typical form from Trobriand Islands

(Warren, Nov. Zool. iii. 304) in having the postmedian line of the forewing farther

from the termen, not quite so sharply angled, narrowly pale-edged distally (thus

more as in connotata connotata female), and in having a conspicuous black blotch

surrounding the terminal excision (from SU? to R*), the excision itself slightly

deeper than in connotata connotata.

Goodenough Island (A. 8. Meek). Type in coll. Tring Mus.

101. Fascellina glaucifulgurea sp. nov.

3,40 mm. Size, shape and structure nearly as in chromataria Walk. An-

teunal cilia longer (fully as long as diameter of shaft); hindwing slightly less

produced at tornus. General coloration of upperside as in the darkest chromataria

or still darker.

Forewing with the markings similar to those of chromataria, no trace of a pale

discal spot, the triangular midcostal patch not very conspicuous; antemedian line

in posterior half of wing better expressed, glaucous whitish, forming stronger and

more rounded projections before and behind M! and at fold, almost right-angled

inward at M?; a fulgurated glaucous-whitish subterminal line from tornus about to

M?, then gradually fading ont. Hindwing with the postmedian line very distinct,

the bilobed projection between R? and M? still longer, the fulgurated subterminal

line conspicuous all across the wing, with the deepest indentations at the radial fold

and between C and SC”.

Both wings beneath darker than in chromataria, the postmedian dark band of

the forewing tapering nearly to a point at hindmargin, more extended towards the

termen anteriorly, its distal projection comparatively broad and flat at the end

(occupying the space between SC’ and R!), insteal of ending in a point on SC%.

Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, about 139° E. longitude, 5000-

7000 ft., March 1911 (A. 8. Meek). Type in coll. Tring Mus.

102. Fascellina tropaeosema sp. nov. -

3?,43-48 mm. Shape and coloration of chromataria Walk. ; structure of the

preceding.

Forewing with the subhyaline white mark narrowed, restricted to a streak

along the proximal edge of DC*, thus considerably longer transversely than longi-

tudinally. ‚Hindwing almost as dark proximally as in middle ; extreme inner

margin and inner-marginal fringe brighter ochreous.

Forewing beneath with the central band formed about as in glaucifulgurea,

an oblique dark half-band (or line) beyond it from hindmargin more noticeable ;

coloration lighter. Hindwing beneath bright orange-yellow, with a distinct,

slightly curved reddish line from midcosta to fold, sometimes accompanied distally

at costa by a thicker, darker line, which diverges from it at SC? and runs to a large

dark spot (present even when the line itself is almost obsolete) between radial fold

48 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916,

and R*; subterminal line distinct, not obscured by dark shadings, more deeply

crenulate than in chromataria.

Goodenough Island, May 1913 (A. S. Meek). Both sexes in coll. Tring Mus.

The 2, as in chromataria, is more reddish above than the d.

103. Sabaria* rosearia colorata subsp. nov.

3, 35-36 mm. Larger than rosearia rosearia Leech, from E. China and

Formosa, termen of forewing on an average rather less bent in middle, the liver-

brown ground-colour much brighter, decidedly inclining to carmine, the olive-yellow

postmedian line thick, forming a long but gentle inward curve between R?

and SM?

Vrianatong, Tibet, 3 dd in coll. L. B. Prout.

Sometimes the postmedian line is widened anteriorly, almost reaching apex,

thus recalling pulchra Wileman (Ent. xlvii. 291).

104. Pseudomiza ctenogyna sp. nov.

?, 43-45 mm. Face ochreous, mixed with reddish. Palpus deep ochreous,

third joint distinct. Vertex and antennal shaft concolorous with wings, occiput

redder ; the antenna bipectinate, with quite short branches. Thorax and abdomen

concolorous with wings.

Forewing with costa arched distally, apex pointed, termen nearly straight,

slightly inclining to concavity in anterior part and convexity in posterior; SC!?

long-stalked, their stalk connected by a short bar with C, R? appreciably before

middle of DC; flesh-colour, more ochreous at costal margin, costal edge dotted

with grey; a weak linear grey cell-mark ; a ferruginous brown line, somewhat

grey-shaded distally, from termen almost at apex to hindmargin little beyond

middle; fringe ferruginous. Hindwing with apex well marked, hinder angle

almost rectangular, termen only weakly convex; concolorous with forewing, the

oblique line continued to middle of abdominal margin ; fringe ferruginous.

Underside orange ochreous, with sparse grey irroration, forewing showing

traces of the cell-mark and with five vein-dots (R! to M?) indicating the postmedian

line; hindwing unmarked.

Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, January 1911 (A. S. Meek).

4 ? in coll. Tring Mus.

On account of the pectinate ? antenna will form a new section of Pseudomiza

(= Heteromiza Warr.), if it be truly referable to this rather weakly grounded

genus.

Cholomiza gen. nov.

Build robust. Face somewhat protuberant, sloping, with moderately ap-

pressed scales. Eye naked. Palpus moderate, rather stout, second joint with

moderately appressed scales, third joint moderate. Tongue developed. Antenna

fairly long, in d subdentate, with strong but not long fascicles of cilia. Pectus

and femora hairy. Hindtibia with terminal spurs only; in the d of the type

species extraordinarily short (less than one-half femur), clothed with very long

hair.

Forewing with apex rather acute, termen oblique, almost straight; SC! short-

* Sabaria Walk., List Lep. Ins. xxi. 492 = Osicerda Walk., op. cit. xxiv. 1083 = Prionia Guen., Spec.

@en. Lép, ix. 143, nec Hb.; all founded on forms of the variable rondelaria F.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 49

stalked with SC?, anastomosing with ©, SC*~ stalked from well before end of cell,

R? from scarcely before middle of DC, M! separate from R*, Hindwing relatively

rather small, both angles well expressed, termen smooth, little convex ; C approxi-

mated to SC to nearly one-half cell, rapidly diverging, SC? well separate from R!,

R? wanting, M! separate from R?.

Type of the genus: Cholomiza tanypus sp. nov.

Here belongs also bimaculata Warr. (Nov. Zool. xiv. 188, as Mimomiza), in

which, however, the d hindleg is of normal proportions and the d antenna sub-

pectinate, the stout, pointed pectinations being fully as long as diameter of shaft.

105. Cholomiza tanypus sp. nov.

3, 44-45 mm. Similar to dimaculata Warr., differing in the d antenna and

hindtibia, extremely short hindtibial spurs (especially the outer), extraordinarily

long first hindtarsal joint, and in the following particulars: Head less reddish,

being very strongly mixed with lilacine grey; thorax posteriorly with a single

dark spot in place of pair of small dots ; abdomen less mixed with red.

Forewing with termen not slightly sinuate behind apex ; blotch larger, reaching

the antemedian line and confluent with the cell-spot; cell-spot smaller ; both these

less reddish, being very strongly mixed, except at margins, with lilacine grey ;

oblique line from apex slightly curved, more broken into spots. —-Hindwing with

the lines more broken into spots.

Underside with similar differences, all the markings more purple than reddish.

In ab. praeflava ab. nov. the blotches are wanting, as in the ab. of dimaculata

of the same name.*

Upper Setekwa River, Snow Mountains, Dutch New Guinea, 2000-3000 ft.,

August 1910 (A. 8. Meek). Type in coll. Tring Mus.

106. Idiodes tenuicorpus nom. nov.

Idiodes primaria Meyr., Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales (2) vi. 642 (1892) (nec Walk.).

Walker’s type of primaria (List Lep. Ins. xxvi. 1610, as Acidalia), which

is in the British Museum collection, belongs to the robust species comprehensively

treated by Meyrick as apicata Guen. I am not at the moment in a position to

revise the latter thoroughly, but the comparatively slenderly built species mis-

identified by Meyrick as primaria requires a new name. In both the examples

which I have examined, SC? is exactly connate with SC’ and anastomoses strongly

with SC!, subsequently more shortly with SO3,

107. Tolmera exuberans sp. nov.

3%, 35-43 mm. Head ochreous, palpus marked with ferruginous (sometimes

with fuscous) on outer side. Antenna in $ pectinate. Collar and thorax partly

ferrnginous, tegula with a large blackish spot. Abdomen as hindwing,

Forewing pale ochreous, marked (especially at veins and proximally to the

black markings) with ferruginous and distally to the black markings with white;

* For the sake of uniformity I have followed Warren in making the blotched form the type, though

it would have seemed more natural to consider it the aberration in both species,

50 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

a black costal spot at base and a subcostal dot between M and SM?; an antemedian

row of three spots, the first large, at almost one-third costa, second small, on

M nearer the base, third large, between M and SM?, again nearer the base; an

elongate subtriangular spot close to hindmargin between this and postmedian band ;

postmedian little beyond middle of wing, very irregular, anteriorly narrow, at

nearly two-thirds costa, the rest mostly thicker, shaped roughly like a sea-horse,

the head pointing inwards in cell, the body strongly curving inwards behind cell,

a tail projecting outwards to just across SM?; a subterminal band consisting of

long spots or thick wedges, confluent posteriorly, but broadly interrupted at R!

and slightly (or almost) at R?; a large spot at termen between SC’ and R?; a row

of large black terminal dots between the veins. Hindwing grey-whitish with a

slight ochreous admixture; a dark grey discal dot; very feeble indications of a

postmedian line (or teeth on the veins), especially at R* and M!; a subterminal

spot on radial fold and a smaller between M! and M?.

Both wings beneath pale, with dark discal dot; forewing with the dark

markings feebly reproduced; hindwing anteriorly and distally to cell with some

dark irroration.

Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, about 139° E. longitude, 5000-

7000 ft., January and February 1911 (A. S. Meek). Type in coll. Tring Mus.

108. Tolmera niveibasalis sp. nov.

3, 43 mm. Head pale ochreous brown, palpus marked with fulvous on outer

side. Antennal shaft and legs pale, irregularly spotted and blotched with fuscous.

Thorax concolorous with forewing ; abdomen paler.

Forewing pale ochreous brown, shaded with redder scales and coarsely but

sparingly dusted with fuscous ; costal edge strigulated with fuscous, except at

origin of lines; a snowy white spot at base, larger and more triangular than in

albibasalis Warr. (Nov. Zool. x. 404, xiii. 152) ; basal area otherwise a good deal

clouded with fuscous, fovea strong, pale ; first pale line from costa at 4 mm., nearly

straight and thick to middle (not angled on SC), thence recurved and sinuous,

narrowly reaching hindmargin at 3°5 mm.; followed by blackish line thickening

to large spot costally ; median area clouded with fuscous except in proximal part,

containing the usual large blackish cell-spot; postmedian pale line at nearly two-

thirds, strongly bicurved (S-shaped), preceded by blackish line which thickens a little

to costa; distal area with irregular fuscous clouding, an apical patch distinctly

clearer, four irregular large dark spots in middle of area—at costa, radials, between

M! and M? and between M? and SM’; a small terminal cloud between SC? and R?,

its anterior edge oblique; subtriangular black terminal spots between the veins ;

fringe pale, spotted with fuscous at vein-ends.

Hindwing paler, more fleshy, with rather large dark cell-spot ; a curved post-

median line, parallel with and 3-4 mm. from termen as far as M?, then approaching

tornus and becoming weaker.

Underside of hindwing brighter, more heavily marked, of forewing more weakly

marked, especially posterior half; a line from costa following the postmedian.

Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, February 1911 (A. S. Meek).

3 dd in coll. Tring Mus,

Larger than albibasalis Warr., brighter, antemedian line not angled on SC,

postmedian nearer termen, ete.

-NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916, 51

109. Tolmera ecstatica sp. nov.

?, 42-45 mm. Face pale ochreous, spotted with fuscous; palpus mostly

fuscous. Crown and front of thorax pale ochreous mixed with ferruginous. An-

tennal shaft pale ochreous, with scattered fuscous spots; pectinations well developed

Tegulae mixed with ferruginous and fuscous. Pectus and legs mostly dull fuscous,

legs at extremities of joints pale. Abdomen dull fuscous, anterior segments pale

above.

Forewing with termen rather more oblique than in typical Tolmera; SC!

anastomosing at point or connected by short bar with C; glossy deep fuscous, at

hindmargin mixed with pale ochreous, the veins in part (R!, M, R%, M!, the

proximal half of M?, SC? except at base, and the distal extremity of SC’, R? and

M?) white or whitish; a white spot at base; antemedian and postmedian lines

double, the obverse elements pale ochreous, the reverse pure white, a slender

dividing-line of the ground-colour; antemedian from two-sevenths costa, nearly

vertical to SM’, then sharply bent basewards; postmedian from before two-thirds

costa, nearly as oblique as termen to R? or M!, then forming an irregular, shallow

sinus inwards; subterminal line pure white, forming a large V-shaped indentation

from before R? to behind M!, close to termen a pale ochreous line from R* to

M?; fringe pale ochreous, with a fine white line at base. Hindwing dull fuscous,

with an ill-defined whitish postmedian line, which bends outward at abdominal

margin; very faint traces of a pale subterminal line ; fringe pale ochreous, mixed

(except a slender line at base) with fuscous.

Both wings beneath dull fuscous ; forewing with the pale lines faintly

reproduced, all in pale ochreous ; more distinct costal spots at their origin ; hind-

wing with the postmedian line even weaker than above.

Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, January—February 1911. Type

in coll. Tring Mus.

110. Cleora hoplogaster sp. nov.

3?,36 mm. Head ochreous, with some blackish admixture (occasionally

feeble), the palpus rather short, with rather long projecting, mostly blackish, hair-

scales beneath. Antennal shaft ochreous and blackish in irregular alternations ;

pectinations in d rather long. Thorax above blackish, with ochreous spots.

Abdomen above whitish, somewhat mixed with ochreous and ferruginous, and with

spots and belts of purple fuscous ; beneath in d somewhat tufted and with a strong

horny process arising apparently from the fifth sternite and running almost in the

plane of the abdomen, clothed above with projecting hair, beneath with shorter

hair. Legs fuscous above, spotted with ochreous at ends of joints; hindtibia in

3 with strong ochreous hair-pencil.

Forewing with termen smooth ; SC! and SC’ free; fovea in ¢ developed ;

tather smooth-scaled, very variegated, the prevailing impression being of bright

ferruginous varied with deep fuscous; basal area largely fuscous, bounded by a

thick whitish-ochreous line from costa just beyond one-fifth, acutely angled out-

wards in cell, then oblique inwards, ending in a rather more oblique white mark

beyond one-fifth hindmargin; median area broad, a fuscous costal spot at each

boundary, otherwise fuscous strigulated or mixed with pale ochreous, the veins

broadly ferruginous; sometimes a broad, strongly angled, dark median shade ;

cell-spot large, beyond middle of wing ; postmedian line obtusely angled between

52 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916,

medians, becoming oblique inwards; pale ochreous, at hindmargin whitish;

accompanied proximally by white interneural spots; distal area ferruginous,

mixed (especially near termen) with pale ochreous, costa as in central area,

subterminal line slender, interrupted, white, with large fuscous blotches proximally

at each margin and between radials and a smaller one distally between SO’ and R! ;

a white or whitish streak projects from the subterminal proximally between SC®

and R!; a pale ochreous apical mark between SC? and SC’; termen with thick

blackish lunules; fringe fuscous, with subtriangular ochreous marks opposite the

lunules. Hindwing with termen waved, scarcely subcrenulate; dirty ochreous

whitish, weakly irrorated with purplish fuscous ; a cell-spot, sinuous postmedian

line and terminal lJunules; fringe more ochreous-tinged, weakly spotted with

fuscous opposite the veins.

Underside pale ochreous, irrorated (the forewing for the most part suffused)

with purplish fuscous ; cell-spots and terminal lunules well developed ; postmedian

line of both wings as above, that of hindwing accompanied distally by a faint

pale line.

Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, January and February 1911

(A. 8. Meek). Type in coll. Tring Mus.

General aspect and scheme of coloration of cur loan Warr. (Nov. Zool. xiii.

147, described from the $ as a Paralcis), possibly even a local modification of it,

but brighter, the subterminal line whiter, not thickened at costa but with more

distinct proximal projection before R'. In a systematic revision of the genera

Boarmia and Cleora (= Alcis) it will require a new section, if not a new

genus.

111. Cleora fenestrata sp. nov.

3,30 mm. Face cream-colour, upper part brown. Palpus mostly dark, base

and innerside partly pale. Vertex straw-colour, with slight dark spots. Antennal

shaft dark, with straw-coloured spots ; pectinations moderately long. Thorax and

abdomen concolorous with wings. Hindtibia scarcely dilated.

Forewing not very broad, termen smooth, oblique ; SC! from cell, connected

with OC, SO? free; fovea developed ; glossy whitish straw-colour, slightly sprinkled

(except in a few places, notably a patch distally to the cross-vein and one posteriorly

to the origin of M?) with brown; veins tawny olive ; some brown spots near base;

lines brown ; antemedian double, its proximal element thick, both angled outwards

behind SC, then somewhat sinuous and oblique inwards; median line single,

bending slightly inwards at SC, crossing cell near the elongate cell-mark, connected

by dark shading with the proximal from M to SM’, then oblique basewards ; post-

median double, about 3 and 4 mm. from termen, slightly incurved after crossing

R’ and angled outwards on SM’; pale subterminal line irregularly dark-edged

proximally (except between SC’ and R!) and distally, the dark distal shading

reaching termen between SC’ and R’and again behind M?; termen with elongate

interneural dark spots; fringe sharply chequered. Hindwing with termen very

feebly subcrenulate; dirty whitish, with less elongate cell-mark and three or four

extremely feeble and interrupted lines distally hereto, scarcely traceable anteriorly

to R!; fringe concolorous.

Forewing beneath more feebly marked than above. Hindwing beneath less

white than above, with coarse irroration, slightly confluent into lines posteriorly,

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 53

wanting only along abdominal margin and more broadly behind cell ; fringe faintly

chequered.

Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, February 1911 (A. S. Meek),

Type in coll. Tring Mus.

112. Cleora colorifera sp. nov.

d, 38 mm. Similar to variegata Moore (Lep. Coll. Atk. p. 240), antennal

pectinations considerably longer, coloration much brighter ochraceous, inclining to

bright ferruginoas in parts, especially between postmedian and subterminal lines.

Forewing with SC! and SC? free (in variegata shori-stalked), discal spot larger,

subterminal line not whitish, thus scarcely indicated except by the dark proximal

markings; these are posteriorly more developed than in variegata, almost filling

the space between postmedian and subterminal lines. Hindwing also with

subterminal line obsolescent. Both wings beneath with the dark border better

defined.

Penang, January—April 1899 (Curtis). Type in coll. Tring Mus. Paratype

in coll. L. B. Prout, merely labelled “ Straits Settlements.”

The hindtibia is dilated, with strong hair-pencil. The fovea is very highly

developed.

113. Cleora cockaynei sp. nov.

?, 42 mm. Face strongly rough-scaled, deep fuscous. Palpus with second

joint rough-scaled above and beneath, third joint moderate ; blackish fuscous, with

a few pale ochreous scales. Antennal pectinations long, rather more lax than

in semiclarata Walk. (List Lep. Ins. xxiv. 1029). Hindtibia not appreciably

dilated, apparently without hair-pencil. Head and thorax dark fuscous (abdomen

lost). Fore and middle legs mostly blackish, the fore femur pale beneath, tibia

and ends of tarsal joints pale-spotted ; hindleg mixed pale and fuscous.

Forewing rather broad, termen oblique, very gently curved, somewhat waved ;

SC™ short-stalked ; dark fuscous with some pale ochreous irroration; costal edge

with some pale ochreous dots and minute strigulae, the most conspicuous bounding

the extremities of the antemedian and postmedian lines; lines black, rather thick

but not very conspicuous; antemedian double, formed about as in semiclarata ;

median scarcely expressed except in anterior part, where it makes a sharp angle

close distally to the rather large but not sharply defined discal spot ; postmedian

placed nearly as in semiclarata, but with its posterior part more incurved and

more irregular; subterminal pale line fine and interrupted, the pale patch between

radial fold and M! much less conspicuous than in most semiclarata, the blackish

streaks in the rest of the distal area also inconspicuous ; terminal black spots large,

accompanied at base of fringe by slight pale marks. Hindwing with termen

erenulate ; proximal two-thirds whitish, with some obscure grey clouding basally

and with a rather large blackish discal spot ; a postmedian row of grey vein-dots ;

distal area more tinged with ochreous and strongly powdered with fuscous ;

terminal dots large.

Forewing beneath with fuscous suffusion except at hindmargin, the pale

costal markings and distal patch between R? and M! more developed than above ;

discal spot blackish; postmedian line indicated in anterior part only, by dark

54 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

vein-dots. Hindwing beneath nearly as above, or slightly more ochreous, the

proximal part irrorated rather than suffused.

Tosari, Java (Tengger Crater), July 5, 1910 (E. A. Cockayne). Type in coll.

L. B. Prout, kindly presented by the discoverer.

Larger and altogether darker than semiclarata Walk., which has hindtibia

dilated, SC! and SC? of forewing separate, hindwing less strongly crenulate, with

smaller cell-spot, ete.

114. Cleora euphiles sp. nov.

3,38 mm. Face brown, mixed with black; lower extremity grey. Palpus

with third joint minute, concealed; strongly blackish-mixed on outer side.

Antennal shaft pale grey ; pectinated to almost four-fifths, the branches of moderate

length. Thorax and abdomen concolorous with wings. Fore and middle legs and

hindtarsus mostly darkened, except at extremities of joints ; hindtibia dilated, with

strong hair-pencil ; hindtarsus short.

Forewing with termen waved ; fovea well developed ; SC! shortly stalked with

SC’, anastomosing moderately with C; violet-grey, with minute dark irroration,

the basal area, most of that between postmedian and subterminal lines and part of

terminal area (about from R? to M?) except at extreme margin strongly suffused

with walnut-brown; antemedian line not very strong, from a darker mark at

one-fourth costa, excurved in cell, then fairly direct to two-sevenths hindmargin ;

median line somewhat thickened and blackened costally, otherwise mostly walnut-

brown, absorbing the cell-mark, excurved behind M?, reaching hindmargin almost

at middle; postmedian rather thick at costa and especially from about R? onward,

black, from two-thirds costa, slightly incurved at first, a little excurved about

radials, rather deeply incurved between R* and fold ; a blackish admixture in the

brown shade distally to the last-named curve; subterminal line chiefly indicated

by a narrow dark shade proximally to it, weakly incurved between R’ and SM?;

an ill-defined oblique dark marginal shade behind R! ; terminal line and interneural

dots weak: fringe violet-grey, very feebly spotted with brownish. Hindwing

with termen moderately crenulate; violet-grey, with a rather weak band of walnut-

brown distally to the postmedian line and a still weaker distally to the subterminal;

markings obsolete at costa; median line brown, weakly indicated, straightish,

proximal to the cell-dot ; cell-dot not very sharp ; postmedian line black, close

beyond cell-dot, scarcely incurved, rather oblique outwards at abdominal margin ;

subterminal line as on forewing.

Underside of a more isabelline tone, somewhat suffused with grey proximally

(especially on forewing); costal margin ochreous, with fine black strigulation ;

both wings with moderate cell-spot and dark grey postmedian line, more distally

placed than above, much straighter, darkened on the veins.

Vrianatong, Tibet. 2 dd in coll. L. B. Prout.

115. Chogada compectinata ab. fasciata ab. nov.

The slight dark shades which in typical compectinata Warr. (Nov. Zool. xiii.

141) accompany the antemedian and postmedian lines on their reverse sides and

also the proximal shading of the subterminal thickened and strongly blackened.

Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, 5000—7000 ft., February 1911

(A. 8. Meek). Both sexes, together with the type form, in coll. Tring Mus.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 55

116. Chogada alienaria hospita subsp. nov.

?, 42-46 mm. Upper surface scarcely distinguishable from the most sharply

marked ? examples of name-typical alienaria (= acaciaria Hmpsn. nee Bsd. ;

distributed from India to Australia) except that the cell-marks are narrower,

especially on hindwing ; median line of forewing usually stronger, but this is

rather inconstant. Under surface with the dark marginal band of the forewing not

quite reaching the postmedian line, gradually narrowing, disappearing at M?, not

reappearing on hindwing, only extremely faintly suggested.

Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, January 1911 (A. 8. Meek). 3 ? 2

in coll. Tring Mus. ; unfortunately I have not seen the corresponding 6.

117. Boarmia (Serraca) sponsa sp. nov.

3, 60 mm. Structure and general coloration of punctinalis Scop. (= con-

sortaria F.) from Europe and conferenda Butl. from Japan, but with the light-

brown sexual patch of the hindwing beneath much more strongly developed—

almost as in the Indian species of the group (infiwaria Walk., transcissa Walk.,

and Woptilaria Swinh.); further distinguished by its large size and sharper

markings.

Forewing with SC! out of C, anastomosing with SC?; slightly brownish

white, irrorated with pure white and sparsely with fuscons; lines and cell-spot

formed as in the allies ; antemedian thickened at costa and blackened from SC?

to hindmargin ; median strong towards hindmargin, strongly angled inwards on

SM?; postmedian as in the most sharply-marked conferenda, the brown band

beyond it rather well developed ; dark costal shade proximally to the subterminal

stronger than in the allies. Hindwing with median and postmedian lines strong,

except at costa, the band distally to the postmedian strong and dark.

Underside with cell-marks large and strong; cell of forewing with dark

(sometimes strongly blackish-fuscous) irroration.

Vrianatong, Tibet. 9 3d in coll. L. B. Prout.

118. Ophthalmodes prasinospila sp. nov.

3,67 mm. Head green, the lower part of face dirty white, above which is

a slightly interrupted blackish band. Palpus with second and third joints mostly

black. Antennal pectinations short for the genus (scarcely four times diameter of

shaft). Thorax pale green. Abdomen still paler, with a pair of black spots

dorsally on each segment. Fore and middle legs blackened on upper and inner

side ; hindtibia moderately dilated, with hair-peneil.

Forewing elongate; base of SC! obsolete, leaving this vein to arise out of C ;

white, with light olive-green irroration and minute strigulation, strongest at base,

moderately strong at apex; some irregular blackish marks on costal edge;

markings otherwise light olive-green; a rather thick, double antemedian line,

arising from a costal blotch at 4-8 mm. from base, sinuous (lunulate inwards

between fold and SM?) to hindmargin rather near base ; discal ocellus large, mixed

with a few blackish scales, the white centre confined to the cross-vein itself; median

shade best expressed at costa (angled outwards on R!) and behind M?, where

it forms a blotch touching the postmedian ; postmedian line rather thick, from

beyond two-thirds, angled outwards on R!, almost rectangularly bent on R?,

56 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII, 1916.

running obliquely inwards to behind M?, then outwards to hindmargin; a diffuse

green shade distally to this line, especially anteriorly ; a small green patch from

costa to SC? proximally to the subterminal, indented by the subterminal on SO!

and obliquely bounded by the next indentation thereof; a terminal blotch from

R! across R?, a larger one behind M?, narrowing to tornus ; the dentate subterminal

indicated on both blotches; terminal dots green, with a few blackish scales ;

fringe weakly spotted with green opposite the terminal dots. Hindwing elongate,

termen very feebly crenulate; discal mark large (more extended transversely

than longitudinally), more black-mixed than on forewing; antemedian line wanting ;

median strongest from base of M? onwards, curving so as to become oblique

outwards ; postmedian double, obsolete at costa; terminal area nearly as on

forewing, apex less irrorated ; fringe not appreciably spotted.

Forewing beneath white, markings black, namely: costal dots, an anterior

subbasal suffusion, very large cell-spot, subapical patch from costa to termen

behind R? and thick line from costa to R* proximally to this patch. Hindwing

with large cell-spot and weak traces of subapical patch.

Vrianatong, Tibet. Type in coll. L. B. Prout.

119. Hemerophila dioxypages sp. nov.

3,40 mm. Face light brown, with a reddish tinge ; upper one-third strongly

blackened. Palpus rather short; second and third joints externally mixed with

red-brown and blackish. Antennal pectinations moderately long. Vertex, thorax

and abdomen concolorous with wings, a blackish mark on front of thorax. Hind-

tibia dilated, with hair-pencil.

Wings shaped about as in subplagiata Moore ; hindwing not quite so deeply

crenulate. Forewing with SC! from cell, anastomosing shortly with C, SC?

from cell, anastomosing shortly with SC!" and with SC’; light red-brown,

slightly violaceous, just proximally to first line and again in distal area more

definitely red-brown; costal margin weakly dark-spotted; lines black, fine,

thickened from costal margin to SC’; antemedian from two-sevenths costa, ex-

tremely oblique outward to a long, acute tooth on SC, a second, equally acute

tooth on M (a deep lunule between them), then oblique inwards and slightly

sinuous to scarcely one-fourth hindmargin; no cell-spot ; postmedian from nearly

three-fourths costa, with the thick part oblique inwards, then very oblique outwards

and exceedingly slender to an acute angle before R!, thence very gently sinuous,

approximately parallel with termen, to two-thirds hindmargin; subterminal line

whitish anteriorly, soon becoming very indistinct; a narrow, rather weak dark

shade proximally to it from R! to hindmargin, strongest anteriorly; no terminal

line. Hindwing concolorous, the antemedian line and the reddish shade proxi-

mally thereto wanting, the postmedian not thickened costally nor angled sub-

costally, the subterminal line becoming broad and whitish at abdominal margin.

Vrianatong, Tibet. Type in coll. L. B. Prout.

120. Paradromulia (?) polyploca sp. nov.

3, 44 mm. Face blackish in upper half, pale ochreous in lower. Palpus

mostly blackish, mixed with ochreous at tip. Vertex pale ochreous. Collar mixed

with blackish. Patagia black, with a pale spot. Thorax above ochreous, with

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 57

blackish markings. Legs spotted, pale ochreous and fuscous. Abdomen mostly

ochreous, palest at base.

Forewing pale ochreous or somewhat, stramineous, in places deeper ochreous,

in places sparsely but coarsely dotted with blackish; markings blackish, very

intricate, consisting of rather thick transverse lines and some thicker longitudinal

streaks ; first line close to base, posteriorly bending so as to run into first ante-

median ; antemedian double, the outer from nearly one-fourth costa, both angled

at SC, twice bent outwards, confluent at fold, then divaricating ; median from

midcosta, opening out into a loop so as to enclose a round pale spot at middle of

discocellulars, then more slender, sinuous, to two-fifths hindmargin ; postmedian

double, only the proximal dentate, both (especially the proximal) incurved in

posterior half, the proximal exangled at fold, the two diverging at hindmargin ;

a dark streak along and behind R!, connecting the outer with subterminal ; sub-

terminal blackish, about 2 mm. from termen, strongly inbent between R? and M!,

touching the postmedian ; distally some pale spots (mostly triangular) are enclosed

between R! and M!and again between M? and hindmargin by somewhat Y-shaped

marks which run from the terminal line to the subterminal; terminal line rather

thick, waved or somewhat lunulate ; fringe with blackish spots opposite the veins.

Hindwing without the basal and antemedian lines ; median slightly sinuous,

before two-fifths ; discal ocellus very incomplete and indefinite; proximal post-

median as on forewing, distal obsolete in anterior half; a longitudinal streak

behind R* connecting postmedian with subterminal; subterminal and terminal

markings nearly as on forewing.

Underside similarly but less sharply marked.

Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, about 139° E. longitude, 5000-

7000 ft., January 1911 (A. S. Meek). Type in coll. Tring Mus.

In structure almost identical with P. ambigua Warr. (Nov. Zool. iii. 301),

antenna scarcely so long, hindwing with termen rather less strongly crenulate,

most of the hairy clothing of the underside lacking. Superficially recalls Proteo-

strenia leda strenioides Butl. Might be a Paraleis, but I am not yet clear how

Paradromulia differs fundamentally therefrom.

Dyscheralcis gen. nov.

Face with appressed scales. Palpus rather short, second joint shortly rough-

scaled, third joint smooth, quite short. Tongue present. Antenna in d simple,

only with very minute and sparse cilia. Pectus hairy. Femora nearly glabrous,

Hindtibia in d not dilated, all spurs developed. Forewing not broad, apex round-

pointed, termen smooth, gently curved; fovea wanting ; SC’ coincident, anasto-

mosing slightly or connected with SC*~ (sometimes also with C), R? normal, M!

almost connate with R*. Hindwing with apex rather rounded, termen almost

smooth, rounded, fullest about R*, straighter posteriorly ; C closely approximated

to SC to less than one-half cell, rapidly diverging, SC? from near apex of cell, R?

wanting, M! from close to R},

Type of the genus: Dyscheralcis retroflexa sp. nov.

On account of the scaling and pattern, I have no doubt that this genus,

notwithstanding its simple structure, belongs to the Boarmia group. Apart from

the d characters, it may even prove difficult to differentiate from Boarmia. The

smooth termen separates it from the great majority of that group, but cannot alone

be relied on.

58 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

121. Dyscheralcis retroflexa sp. nov.

3 ,29-32 mm. Head white, face with a slight dark bar across middle, palpus

dark-marked at ends of first and second joints. Body dirty white. Fore and

middle legs with black patches at end of tibia and of tarsal joints.

Forewing white, with quite inconspicuous light fuscous irroration or short

strigulation ; markings dark fuscous ; a thick line close to base ; antemedian line

from costa at about one-fourth, somewhat excurved to fold, then suddenly inbent to

SM?; accompanied proximally by a narrow band, which under the lens appears

finely fluted (like the dark markings of many Myrioblephara, etc.), and which

narrows and parts somewhat from the line posteriorly; median shade strong

anteriorly, rather oblique outward, crossing cell-spot but becoming obsolete; cell-

spot long-oval, blackish at edges, paler in middle; postmedian line from before

two-thirds costa, strongest at veins, slightly oblique outwards to behind R°, inwards

to M!, then obsolete, reappearing at M? much farther from termen (almost as a

continuation of median shade), but weak and irregular, oblique outwards to beyond

two-thirds hindmargin; an indistinct, interrupted shade or line distally to the

postmedian ; subterminal line dentate, fairly well expressed anteriorly, on account

of a narrowing greyish apical shade; termen with dark interneural streaks ; fringe

weakly spotted. Hindwing more heavily irrorated, the costal margin, a small

patch at abdominal margin near base and some patches between the postmedian

and subterminal shades remaining clear ; a thick line from abdominal margin close

to base ; cell-mark black, narrower than on forewing ; median line sinuous, chiefly

indicated by black vein-dots between cell-spot and abdominal margin; the rest

nearly as on forewing.

Both wings beneath dirty whitish, the forewing slightly the more smoky and

with dark cell-mark and weak apical shade.

Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, January and February 1911

(A. S. Meek). Type in coll. Tring Mus.

122. Myrioblephara trifaria sp. nov.

d?, 28 mm. Head ochreous-whitish, mixed with ferruginous. Palpus at

base white, otherwise mostly ferruginous. Thorax and abdomen above ochreous-

whitish, mixed with ferruginous ; a bar of ferraginous at end of metathorax and

base of abdomen, Foreleg infuscated, except at ends of joints.

Forewing dull white, with sparse fuscous irroration ; proximal area pre-

dominantly dull ferruginous ; antemedian line fuscons, slightly sinuous, thick from

two-sevenths costa about to fold, then obsolete; discal dot small and weak; a

weakly S-shaped ferruginous median line, starting from a bright costal spot, in

middle weak, its ontward curve just distal to the cell-dot ; postmedian fuscous,

from about three-fifths costa, excurved from R! nearly to R?, almost vertical to

costa to behind M!, here slightly bent, somewhat sinuous to three-fourths hind-

margin; accompanied distally by a broad, posteriorly narrowing, dull ferruginous

band, which merges in anterior part into some dull ferruginous, fuscous-mixed

apical shading ; subterminal line crenulate, only distinct (more or less fuscous-

bounded) in anterior half; an ill-defined pale terminal spot between R* and M';

another at tornus, partly cut by a ferruginous-fuscous tornal line ; terminal dots

fuscous, elongate; fringe weakly spotted. Hindwing with ferruginous median

line strong, placed as a continuation of the antemedian, rather strongly oblique

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 5%

outwards at abdominal margin; discal mark fuscous, comma-shaped ; postmedian

line nearly vertical from about middle of costa to R? or M!, here curved, becoming

parallel with termen or more oblique inwards, darkened on M?, then sharply bent,

running very obliquely outwards to two-thirds hindmargin; the ferruginous band

beyond narrower than on forewing, obsolete anteriorly ; a fuscous shade proximally:

to the subterminal, at least in anterior half; ferruginous vein-spots (the anterior

ones large) near termen; termen and fringe as on forewing.

Forewing beneath largely smoky, the distal area wholly so; the three lines

and the cell-dot feebly indicated. Hindwing beneath less smoky, excepting in.

submarginal band ; the two lines and cell-mark distinct.

Snow Mountains, Dutch New Guinea: Upper Setekwa River, 2000-3000 ft.,

August and September 1910 (type); near Oetakwa River, up to 3500 ft., October—

December 1910 (A. S. Meek). All in coll. Tring Mus.

Near flexilinea Warr. (Nov. Zool. x. 392), the lines weaker, not so extremely

flexuous, etc.; the ferruginous distal shadings recall apicata Warr. (xiv. 173), but.

are less well defined, less restricted.

123. Myrioblephara vivida signata subsp. nov.

3. Rather larger than evida vivida Warr. (Nov. Zool. x. 394), the irroration,

and markings darker, especially the outer spot of the forewing at R’-M!. Hindwing

with the median shade thicker, rather more distally piaced, postmedian line farther

removed from cell-spot.

Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, about 139° E. longitude, 5000-

7000 ft., January and February 1911 (A. S. Meek). Type in coll. Tring Mus.

124. Myrioblephara transcendens sp. nov.

3,28 mm. Head and body mostly concolorous with wings. Palpus darkened

on outer side. Metathorax and third and fourth abdominal segments each with

dark dorsal patch.

Forewing whitish, irrorated and clouded with brown, a part of the basal area,

a narrow, ill-defined band proximal to the postmedian and another proximal to the.

subterminal remaining whiter; costal margin with some blackish spots; ante-

median line curved, median obsolescent, apparently scarcely beyond the cell-mark,

the entire area between it and the antemedian filled-in with brown, mixed with

blackish ; cell-mark black, longer than broad ; postmedian feeble, except as blackish

vein-dots, from just before two-thirds costa, excurved between R! and R?, then

incurved; an elongate blackish-mixed blotch distally to this, between R? and M!,

nearly as in proximata Warr. (Nov. Zool. xiv. 174), but larger ; the whitish band

beyond starts from the subterminal between SC’ and R!, is arcuate inwards,

confluent again with the subterminal between R? and M!, then again incurved,

almost interrupted on M!, broadening rapidly to hindmargin; subterminal dentate,

not conspicuous, more or less filled-in proximally with dark spots, except where

interrupted by the curved band; terminal area dark-mixed between radials and

towards tornus ; termen with black interneural dots ; fringe with fine pale lines at

base and beyond middle and with weak dark spots opposite the veins. Hindwing

with strong double dark line proximally to the cell-dot, not reaching costa, curved

outward at abdominal margin; postmedian sinuous, black-dotted on veins, not

60 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

quite reaching costa, accompanied distally by a brown band; outer area much as

on forewing.

Underside with smoky suffusion, especially on forewing ; lines and cell-marks

present, not very sharp, the antemedian and median of forewing especially blurred ;

forewing with a feeble dark terminal band, scarcely interrupted in middle; hind-

wing with a similar subterminal band, fading out paler to termen.

? almost without the brown shading, the dark bands and blotches even

sharper.

Ninay Valley, Central Arfak Mountains, Dutch New Guinea, 3500 ft.,

November 1908—January 1909. Type in coll. Tring Mus. ~

125. Myrioblephara pallidipars sp. nov.

3, 28-33 mm. Face light brown, with a darker, redder-brown spot on each

side. Palpus brown, darkest on outer side. Vertex light brown. Thorax and

abdomen light brown, above with dark admixture; a pair of dark dorsal spots at

base of abdomen.

Forewing light wood-brown, with darker, more tawny irroration ; costal margin

spotted with blackish fuscous at the commencement of the lines; lines fuscous,

interrupted (more or less broken into vein-dots, at least in posterior part) ; first

close to base ; second just beyond the fovea, very slight except at costa; antemedian

from beyond one-third costa, somewhat excurved in cell, then oblique inwards,

somewhat curved again towards SM?; cell-mark longer than broad ; median line

bent round cell-mark, usually close to it, duplicated distally by a still more feeble

line ; postmedian from about two-thirds costa, bent behind R!, though rather less

acutely than in some Myrioblephara, oblique inwards to near hindmargin, then

again outwards ; a weaker duplicating line distally ; subterminal lunulate-dentate,

irregularly dark-shaded proximally and between radials and behind M? distally ;

termen with dark interneural dots ; fringe somewhat paler, with narrow dark

marks at vein-ends. Hindwing with termen well crenulate, the teeth at R? and

M! rather pointed ; anterior part whitish, almost or altogether without markings ;

a pair of strongly dotted median lines posteriorly to cell, curving outwards at

abdominal margin ; a similar pair of postmedian, the proximal with strong dark

teeth on the veins, the distal weaker, at most with dark dots on R? and M'; distal

region about from R! to abdominal margin nearly as on forewing.

Underside pale brownish, forewing proximally slightly smoky; discal dots

present ; forewing with postmedian, hindwing with median and postmedian,

single smoky lines, accentuated by dots on the veins; both wings with feeble

smoky subterminal line.

Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, 5000-7000 ft., January and

February 1911 (A. S. Meek). Type in coll. Tring Mus.

126. Myrioblephara olivacea brunnescens subsp. nov.

32. Differs from olivacea olivacea Warr. (Nov. Zool. xiii. 144) in having

all the olive-green markings more brown (“ tawny olive ”—Ridgway), thus more

assimilating in colour to various other species of the genus, but still easily

recognisable by the hindwing.

Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, January and February 1911

(A. 8. Meek). Type in coll. Tring Mus.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 61

127. Myrioblephara mixticolor sp. nov.

d, 30-33 mm. Larger than miscellanea Warr. (Nov. Zool. xiv. 173),

coloration similar, ground-colour slightly paler. Face more uniformly coloured,

inclining to ferruginous. Wing-markings very distinct from those of miscellanea

in the following particulars.

Forewing with antemedian line much more oblique inwards; median line

more feeble; postmedian acutely angled outwards behind R'; fringe with strong

dark spots at vein-ends. Hindwing with both the lines strongly sinuous, the

antemedian approaching the ‘‘ S-shape,” the postmedian near the cell-spot, bending

in towards it between the radials, strongly outwards at R’-M! and very deeply

inwards at submedian fold ; fringe with strong dark spots.

Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, January and February 1911

(A. S. Meek). Type in coll. Tring Mus.

128. Myrioblephara cnecobathra sp. nov.

?, 23mm. Head and palpus buff, slightly mixed with ferruginous. Thorax

buff. Legs on the inner side blackish, outside more varied light and dark.

Abdomen dorsally buff, with a pair of dark spots on the first segment; beneath

mostly smoky.

Forewing buff from base to first line, otherwise dark grey irrorated with shiny

whitish scales; costal edge dotted with ochreous ; markings deep fuscous ; first

line from one-fifth costa, rather thick, curved and somewhat oblique inward, closely

followed by a finer, more interrupted line; cell-spot black, slightly elongate ;

median line fine, acutely angled distally to the cell-spot, both ends of which it

touches, then slightly incurved and oblique inward ; followed distally by a broader,

anteriorly obsolesceut shade; postmedian line from two-thirds costa to beyond

two-thirds hindmargin, incurved between M' and SM’, throughout with very short

thick proximal teeth on the veins; a shade about 1 mm. wide distally to and

parallel with this; a fine irregularly crenulate subterminal line, indicated by

irregular dark shades proximally and distally, the proximal thickened between the

radials and from M’ to hindmargin, the distal between radials and between

medians ; tornus pale; terminal black dots not very strong ; fringe weakly spotted.

Hindwing without buff base; antemedian line indicated by a spot on abdominal

margin close to base ; double median curved, just proximal to the comma-shaped

cell-mark ; distal half nearly as on forewing. 5

Forewing beneath slightly more ochreous, with strong smoky suffusions,

especially along submedian area and in entire distal area; base pale, partly tinged

with buff; cell-mark strong; lines feeble. Hindwing beneath pale from base to

postmedian line, both the median lines distinct, cell-mark strong; distal area -

smoky, except a part of abdominal margin.

Near Oetakwa River, Snow Mountains, Dutch New Guinea, up to 3500 ft.,

October—December 1910 (A.S. Meek). Type in coll. Tring Mus. Also 3 ? $ from

Mount Goliath.

129. Myrioblephara ligdioides contradicta subsp. nov.

Ground-colour more mixed with light brown than in ligdioides ligdioides Warr.

(Nov. Zool. x. 392); median area of forewing slightly less broad, the proximal

band being somewhat further removed from the base ; a black discal mark present,

2 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916,

touching the band distally ; postmedian line better expressed, also indicated on

hindwing; subterminal dark shading more complete; both wings beneath more

infuscated.

Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, about 139° KE. longitude, 5000-

7000 ft., February 1911 (A. S. Meek). Type in coll. Tring Mus. Also from near

Oetakwa River, October-December 1910.

130. Myrioblephara polytrochia sp. nov.

3%, 25-28 mm. Face brown-whitish, with an interrupted blackish band

across middle. Palpus with outer side mixed with brown and blackish, especially

towards ends of joints. Vertex brown-whitish, with a very narrow black band

across the front. Antennal shaft brown. Thorax and abdomen whitish, strongly

mixed with light brown.

Forewing whitish, mixed (especially in the form of ill-defined bands between

the dark markings) with light brown; the markings consist of round or roundish

blue-grey spots and dots of varying size, on which are placed here and there

smaller deep-black spots and dots; antemedian consisting of a small dot at costa

and a large spot on M; cell-spot small, at about two-fifths wing-length ; post-

median at little beyond middle, consisting of a small spot at costa, a large one from

SC’ nearly to R’, a still larger from before R? to behind M* and a small one (more

proximally placed) on SM’; subterminal rather near termen, consisting of a small

spot at costa, a rather elongate one between SC* and SC’, a moderately large one

between R! and R’, and a small one between M! and M?; a row of terminal dots

between the veins ; !ringe brown proximally, paler distally.——indwing similar,

but with an additional dot on hindmargin at scarcely two-fifths, the postmedian

series median, absorbing the cell-spot, the subterminals larger, with an additional

one between SC’ and R!.

Both wings beneath rather browner, the spots confluent into blackish bands,

which break off about the fold; abdominal margins rather pale; cell-spot of

forewing larger than above.

Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, February 1911 (A. 8. Meek).

Type in coll. Tring Mus, Also from near Oetakwa River, October-December 1910.

A rather striking little species on account of the spotted upperside, which

is very manifest even in aberrations in which the spots are more or less connected

by bands.

131. Myrioblephara distanticlara sp. nov.

3,37 mm. Face and palpus blackish fuscous. Crown buff, mixed with red-

brown posteriorly. Antennal shaft pale buff, heavily dark-spotted proximally ;

ciliation little over twice as long as diameter of shaft. Collar red-brown. Thorax

above buff; beneath, with abdomen, paler.

Forewing with SC! coincident ; pale buff, the costal edge tinged with red-

brown and slightly strigulated with blackish fuscous ; a red-brown cloud in and

just behind cell, running out distally between R? and fold and joining a transverse

red-brown cloud which accompanies the postmedian proximally and distally ; lines

blackish fuscous ; antemedian consisting of a dot on costa at 3°5 mm., dots on SC

and M nearly vertical to this, a more proximally placed dot on SM? and very fine

line, oblique inwards, from SM? to hindmargin ; postmedian consisting of vein-dots

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 63

slightly connected by a very fine line; commencing about 5 mm. from apex, slightly

incarved between SC! and R!, slightly angled outwards at SM?, then very oblique

inwards to hindmargin ; median line feeble, very near postmedian; cell-mark

blackish fuscous ; a streak of the ground-colour distally to it between R! and R? ;

a band near termen, strikingly clear, whitish buft; subterminal line indicated by

blackish dots, especially at costa, before SO? and in the radial cellules ; termen,

except apically, with slight red-brown shading (fuscous about R!) ; terminal line

crenulate, termen itself smooth; fringe feebly (opposite SC? and R! more strongly)

dark-spotted. Hindwing dirty whitish, somewhat sprinkled and clouded with

fuscous towards abdominal margin; discal dot faint; very feeble indications

posteriorly of a crenulate median line; a fuscous postmedian line from abdominal

margin, formed as on forewing, but becoming obsolescent, not traceable anteriorly

to SC’; a slight fuscous cloud from abdominal margin to M! beyond this; a shorter,

fainter line close to tornus ; terminal line chiefly indicated by interneural dots

which do not touch the termen ; fringe lighter than on forewing.

Forewing beneath mostly infuscated as far as postmedian line, the patch

distally to the cell-spst and the hindmarginal region paler; cell-spot distinct ;

postmedian line slightly more distal than above, slightly curved anteriorly; distal

band anteriorly less clear than above. Hindwing beneath more buff than above,

with more uniform dark irroration; cell-dot and postmedian line of slightly con-

nected dots well expressed, the latter reaching costal margin.

Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, January 1911 (A. S. Meek). Type

in coll. Tring Mus.

132. Paralcis prionophora sp. nov.

3, 36-37 mm. Palpus rather short, strong. Antenna rather long, ciliation

not quite as long as diameter of shaft. Hindtibia not dilated. Head and body

for the most part concolorous with wings, face darkened, palpus mostly blackish,

abdomen with dark fuscous lateral tufts.

Forewing with fovea not strong; SO! coincident ; pinkish brown, with not

very strong fuscous irroration, the principal veins somewhat more strongly dotted

with fuscous; a moderate, round black cell-spot; lines blackish; antemedian

consisting of three vein-spots, the first and third extended to wing-margins, the

third nearer the base than the others, each accompanied proximally by a pale spot ;

median from considerably beyond middle, oblique outwards at first, then strongly

serrate and close to the postmedian, its distal (interneural) teeth in part reaching

thereto ; postmedian from three-fourths costa, nearly parallel with termen, though

slightly sinuous and slightly approaching it at hindmargin; consisting of pale

Innules (in middle of wing mere dots), with blackish dots or longer marks edging

them proximally and in part distally, small wedge-shaped vein-marks alternating

with interneural dots on the proximal side; subterminal line indicated anteriorly

by pure white interneural dots, the first two or three minute, accompanied by

larger blackish dots proximally, the last three (between SC? and R*) larger and

conspicuous, accompanied by minute blackish dots distally ; termen with a weak,

lunulate dark line, moderate-sized dark interneural dots between the lunules con-

sequently not quite touching the termen, which is nearly smooth; fringe feebly

dark-chequered. Hindwing with termen gently erenulate; slightly paler than

forewing ; median line continued, but farther from postmedian, nearly straight but

64 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

not very sharply defined, crossing the discocellulars and partly obliterating the

cell-spot ; postmedian finely crenulate, strongest on the veins, accompanied distally

by a vague pale line, to which succeeds, at inner margin only, a further dark line ;

termen and fringe as on forewing.

Forewing beneath much clouded with smoky fuscous as far as postmedian line,

most of the hindmargin, however, remaining pale; cell-spot present ; ill-defined

terminal dark shading, narrowing to tornus, leaving a pale band from hindmargin to

near costa. Hindwing beneath browner than above; more irrorated with fuscous,

markings of upperside reproduced.

Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, January 1911 (A. S. Meek).

3 dd in coll. Tring Mus.

Near deformis Warr. (Nov. Zool. xiii. 148), except that its shape is normal and

that it has more markings ; also shows some points of agreement with junctilinea

Warr. (tom. cit. 149).

133. Paralcis ochroneura sp. nov.

3, 43 mm. Face dark brown, paler beneath. Palpus blackish brown,

somewhat paler beneath. Vertex blackish brown. Antennal shaft pale, with

dark dots; ciliation fully as long as diameter of shaft. Thorax above blackish

brown, beneath paler. Abdomen pale drab, with slightly darker lateral tufts ;

anal tuft rather strong. Hindtibia not dilated.

Forewing glossy pale ochreous grey, irrorated with blackish-fuscous and with

shining blue-whitish, some costal strigulation and the principal veins pale ochreous;

a pale antemedian line, thickly but interruptedly dark-edged distally, from costa at

one-fourth, oblique outwards, strongly bent in cell, thence sinuous to beyond one-

fourth hindmargin ; a large, roundish dark discal spot, finely traversed by blue-

whitish scales on the cross-vein ; a strongly dentate dark median line shortly

beyond and slightly curving round this spot; a fine pale, somewhat crenulate

postmedian line before three-fourths, slightly bent at R*, accompanied proximally

by slight dark shading which expands into spots at the veins; a very fine bluish-

white line near termen, zigzag in its posterior half, accompanied proximally by dark

spots between the veins ; fringe ochreous, mixed with fuscous, a fine whitish line

at its base and some vague pale spots distally. Hindwing glossy grey, almost

uniform, with faint traces of darker and paler lines in its discal part and one or

two dark spots at abdominal margin near tornus ; fringe more ochreous.

Both wings beneath glossy grey, with slight indications of darker discal spots

and with the fringe mixed with pale ochreous, especially proximally; forewing in

addition with costal edge slightly ochreous and with a very small pale ochreous

spot at apex.

Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, February 1911 (A. S. Mee

Type in coll. Tring Mus.

134. Paralcis intertexens sp. nov.

3%, 34-36 mm. Head deep fuscous ; a narrow wood-brown fillet between

antennae. Antenna wood-brown, with dark spots. Collar brown. Thorax above

deep fuscous, beneath more grey. Abdomen mostly grey. Hindfemur in d densely

tufted, in 2 nearly glabrous; hindtibia in d with hair-pencil.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 65

Forewing with SC! coincident; glossy umbreons, much strigulated and

clouded with blackish fuscous, the largest cloulings being between the postmedian

and subterminal] lines from costa to R? and in the terminal area except at apex and

in the region of R?; brown on median vein, widening into a streak along and behind

R$; lines fine, white, mixed with brown, more or less edged with blackish fuscous ;

antemedian sinuons, at about one-fourth ; postmedian finely crenulate, from about

five-eighths costa, bent outward before R%, angled at R*, slightly bent inward

behind M?; accompanied proximally by an elongate white, brown-mixed (at least

at costa) narrow half-band, which terminates at R*; cell-spot large, roundish,

blackish-fuscous, finely pale on the cross-vein ; subterminal line interrupted by the

streak along R*, strongly zigzag in posterior half ; an oblique brown (sometimes

whitish-mixed) line from apex, widening after crossing the subterminal, curving

slightly so as to become rather less oblique; usually also an inwardly oblique line

from the point where the line crosses the subterminal (R!) to costa, where it is

fureate; terminal dark lunules thick between the veins; a fine pale line at base

of fringe and traces of a still finer intersecting one in middle, also of pale streaks

or chequering between the veins, ——Hindwing grey, with ill-defined darker grey

cell-spot, median and postmedian lines, and subterminal shadings.

Both wings beneath glossy grey, with large darker cell-spot (strongest in ?)

and very narrow whitish half-band or patch beyond it, at least on forewing (strong

and broader on both wings in $); a small whitish apical spot on forewing,

strongest in ?.

Near Oetakwa River, Snow Mountains, Dutch New Guinea, up to 3500 ft.,

October—December 1910 (A. S. Meek). Two pairs in coll. Tring Mus.

Perhaps a local form of fulvisecta Warr. (Nov. Zool. xiii. 149), the antemedian

line much less angulated.

135. Paralcis pallidimargo gigas subsp. nov.

32,39-45 mm. In addition to the considerably larger size, differs from

name-typical pallidimargo Warr. (Nov. Zool. xiii. 150) in haying less definite pale

distal areas; that of the forewing above is more strongly dark-clouded than even

in the male of the name-type (the ? name-type is here free from clouding), that of

the hindwing above narrow, not sharply defined ; similar differences are fully as,

or still more, noticeable beneath.

Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, about 139° E. longitude, 5000-

7000 ft., January and February 1911 (A. S. Meek). Type in coll. Tring Mus.

136. Paralcis latimedia extrema subsp. nov.

Forewing slightly darker than in name-typical Zatimedia Warr. (Nov. Zool. xiii.

150), the median area still broader (at costal margin 9 mm.), yet reaching hind-

margin slightly farther from termen, on account of an inward bend of its distal edge

behind SM?. Hindwing also darker (more greyish), a discal spot well discernible.

— Both wings beneath more strongly irrorated than in latimedia latimedia and with

large dark discal spot. .

Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, February 1911 (A. S. Meek).

Type in coll. Tring Mus.

66 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

137. Paralcis polycnema sp. nov.

32, 43-45 mm. Face light brown. Palpus fuscous on outer side, except the

minute third joint. Antenna rather long, light brown, in d lamellate, the fascicles

of cilia sessile, a little longer than diameter of shaft. Vertex light brown. Collar

and thorax above mixed with warmer brown. Abdomen again pale; not hairy

beneath. Hindtibia in d not dilated.

Forewing rather elongate; fovea small ; SC!” coincident ; very pale wood-

brown, with irregular, dense, in places warm brown irroration; markings fuscous ;

traces of one or two interrupted dark lines near base; antemedian line from beyond

one-fourth costa, here rather thick; forming a deep outward curve or blunt angle

in cell, a sharp angle inwards on M, less strong curves and bends posteriorly ; a

large, vague, ocellated cell-mark, longer than broad; distal part of median area

clouded with brown and fuscons, the clouding crossing the postmedian line in the

anterior part; postmedian line strongly lunulate-dentate, the lunules pointing

proximally, between the veins; from costa beyond two-thirds, slightly approaching

the termen at R’, receding slightly after M', the lunule between M? and SM? the

deepest ; subterminal line whitish, lunulate-dentate, thickened between SC? and

R', somewhat interrupted in posterior half, some slight accompanying cloudings

except at apex ; terminal interneural dark spots not very strong. Hindwing

with termen gently crenulate; much paler, the dusting almost wanting except

towards abdominal margin; a grey discal dot; a postmedian line from abdominal

margin about to RP, very feeble or obsolete in anterior half; its teeth and lunules

much shorter than on forewing.

Both wings beneath irrorated with brown, the posterior part of forewing

least so; costal region of forewing slightly infuscated ; forewing with rather

large, hindwing with moderate dark cell-spot; a common, finely crenulate post-

median line.

Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, January 1911 (A. S. Meek).

Type in coll. Tring Mus,

The rather long antenna and wings suggest a transition to Paradromulia,

which is scarcely a tenable genus.

138. Paralcis dochmioscia sp. nov.

3, 34 mm. Head and body concolorous with wings; upper half of face and

outer side of palpus deep fuscous, abdomen with dark dorsal belts anteriorly.

Antennal ciliation longer than diameter of shaft.

Forewing with termen nearly smooth ; SC!” coincident ; buff, more or less

clonded, except in the posterior part of the areas between antemedian and sub-

terminal lines, with red-brown and with a few dark fuscous scales; discal dot

pale, feebly indicated by a ring of red-brown scales encircling it ; lines dark

fascous, commencing in small costal spots at one-third, one-half and two-thirds ;

untemedian fine, bent subcostally, then strongly oblique inward and waved ;

median oblique outward to R! but nearly obsolete, here bent, meeting the post-

median about R?, then gradually separating again and running, oblique and

somewhat waved, to two-fifths hindmargin ; postmedian oblique outward and

ill-defined to behind R!, then strongly bent, from R? tolerably direct, reaching

hindmargin at middle; the median line from hindmargin to the junction and the

NovITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 67

postmedian thence to across R? are thickened, giving the impression that a thick

oblique median shade crosses a fine line from midcosta to middle of hindmargin ;

a subterminal line of indistinct, separated pale lunules, the anterior ones dark-

edged proximally ; a slight dark costal spot between this and the postmedian and

ill-defined distal dark spots before and behind R!; terminal dark dots connected by

very weak lunulate line. Hindwing with termen erenulate; costal margin as

far as postmedian line unmarked ; otherwise concolorous with forewing ; antemedian

line basal, median nearly straight, well proximal to the cell-mark, which is as on

forewing but more distinct; postmedian fine, arising at costa nearly opposite

subterminal of forewing, slightly sinuate inward before R! and very slightly

curved inward posteriorly (outward again at abdominal margin) ; subterminal line

with the heaviest dark shading in its posterior half.

Both wings beneath with the markings weak and somewhat diffuse.

Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, February 1911 (A. S. Meek).

Type in coll. Tring Mus.

139. Paraleis aurantifascia sp. nov.

?,35 mm. Head and upperside of thorax dark red-brown, mixed with black.

Thorax beneath and abdomen dark slate-grey mixed with black.

Forewing in proximal half red-brown with black irroration, black spots near

base indicating an interrupted subbasal line, black antemedian line at about 3 mm.,

thick at costa, angled outwards just behind C, curved outwards behind M and

inwards in approaching SM’, a weaker median shade nearly parallel to the post-

median ; the red-brown area bounded by the black postmedian line, which is strong

throughout, very thick anteriorly, and arises from costa just before one-half, is

oblique outwards to R*, but forming two very shallow concavities separated by a

small outward angle at R!, then mainly vertical to hindmargin rather beyond two-

thirds, but strongly lunulate-dentate ; area between postmedian and subterminal in

anterior half orange-brown, with a few’ black dots and strigulae on the costa and

dark strigulae on the veins, in posterior half mixed with whitish and strongly

dark-irrorated; subterminal line whitish, deeply lunulate-dentate, interrupted

between R* and M!, accompanied proximally by blackish spots at costa and hind-

margin and with the lunules more or less filled-in with blackish ; terminal area

orange-brown, very densely dark-irrorated except a small space in front of M!; a

terminal row of thick blackish strokes ; fringe chequered.

dark slate-colour.

Underside: hindwing and proximal part of forewing dark slate-colour ; fore-

wing with a broad oblique orange band, its proximal edge nearly straight from

midcosta to tornus, its distal from three-fourths costa to termen just behind R?;

apical area again grey, but somewhat dotted and strigulated with orange.

Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, January 1911 (A. S. Meek).

Type in coll. Tring Mus.

Hindwing uniform

140. Eucharidema euanthes sp. nov.

3, 56-60 mm. Head and palpus brown-black. Thorax above mostly deeper

black, with a narrow, somewhat interrupted anterior orange-brown band. Abdomen

brown-black, mixed above with blue-black.

68 NOVITATES ZOOLOSICAH XXIII. 1916.

Forewing with costal margin rather straight, termen strongly oblique ; orange-

brown, mostly with coarse black strigulae ; markings black, very numerous ; some

spots at base, sometimes confluent with subbasal band; subbasal band from costa

at about 2 mm. to hindmargin at about 3 mm., slightly interrupted about SC,

thickened posteriorly ; antemedian at 5-6 mm., sinuous, thickened at costa and

hindmargin ; some extended black clouding, or densely confluent striation, occupying

the median area from M and M? to hindmargin ; opposite to this (sometimes joining

it) a thick streak from beyond one-third costa ; a long, slightly curved streak from

costa and along DC, sometimes continued as a sinuous line to hindmargin; distally

to this a narrow white, strongly pink-dusted band runs from costa, bending abruptly

after crossing R*, running to termen between this vein and M!, but throwing out

a less manifest (more orange-dusted) sinuous continuation which runs narrowly to

hindmargin and is marked with white on M’; a black line, thick anteriorly, distally

to the pale band ; some extended clouding in costal region near apex, a smaller patch

at hindmargin near tornus, black spots at apex and along a great part of termen,

here interrupted by the pale band; a pale line at base of fringe. Hindwing

black, with indications of a narrow, slightly paler postmedian band.

Underside blackish, the forewing with a very broad orange-red band from

middle of costal margin almost to termen, where it extends from R? to SM?, at

both extremities slightly marked witb or encroached upon by the ground-colour.

Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, January and February 1911

(A. 8. Meek). Type in coll. Tring Mus.

This species and the two which follow, together with aroensis Roths. (Nov.

Zool. xi, 322) will—unless they prove to require a new genus—form a second

section of Eucharidema, with the coincident SC! arising from the cell, though

close to SC’. In the present species the stalking of R? is generally long, but

in the others only short; in the ? of Zabyrinthodes it even arises from DOC,

though close to R!.

141. Eucharidema labyrinthodes sp. nov.

3%, 68-72 mm. Head and thorax black. Abdomen mixed brown-grey and

blue-grey.

Forewing shaped nearly as in euanthes, costal margin slightly more arched ;

glossy black, with purple reflection, the lines light ochreous brown, the median

and sometimes the distal paler anteriorly; a narrow, straight, oblique bar from

costa at 5 mm. to hindmargin at 7 mm.; a broader, more oblique band from about

middle of costa to R°, then more narrowly along that vein to termen and closely

followed posteriorly by a second narrow bar before M!; a narrow, slightly sinuous

bar from beyond three-fourths costa, crossing the preceding one and running to

three-fifths or two-thirds hindmargin; another narrow bar arising at tornus,

crossing the last-mentioned and running into the midcostal bar; a sometimes

isolated, sometimes confluent spot placed between the medians just distally to the

last bars ; fringe pale. Hindwing glossy dark blue-grey, palest at costa and at

an ill-defined postmedian band, becoming almost black distally to the latter.

Forewing beneath blackish, shading off to blue-grey posteriorly ; an orange

band much as in the preceding species, but relatively less broad and arrested before

reaching the termen. Hindwing beneath blue-grey, becoming blacker at termen

and broadly at apex.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 69

Mount Goliath, Central Datch New Guinea, January and February 1911

(A. 8. Meek). Type in coll. Tring Mus.

142, Eucharidema gorgo sp. nov.

3?, 82-84 mm. Head and body concolorous with wings. Abdomen in &

with very strong, mostly light brownish, trifid anal tuft.

Forewing shaped as in the preceding species ; uniform purplish-black, with

strong gloss; an oblique, slightly sinuous orange line from near costa at about

6 mm. to near hindmargin at about 7 mm., somewhat variable but never quite

reaching the margins. Hindwing glossy dark grey proximally, broadly blackish

grey distally.

Both wings beneath blackish, rather lighter (more blue-grey) towards base

and hindmargin; forewing with a narrow orange band distally to the cell, not

reaching costa or hindmargin, in an aberration showing also as a fine line above,

sometimes on the contrary reduced to a mere narrow fragment, in the only ? before

me obsolete even beneath.

Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, January and February 1911

(A. S. Meek). Type in coll. Tring Mus.

143. Eucharidema fractura sp. nov.

36, 46-47 mm. Head and body black-brown.

Forewing black-brown, crossed by a white band; this arises close to costa

just beyond middle of wing, is here about 3 mm. in width, curves very slightly

inwards at first, is then almost straight and somewhat widened, its distal margin

suddenly curves inward behind M? so that its posterior extremity (beyond two-

thirds hindmargin) is only about 1 mm. broad ; an oblique white mark from tornus

nearly to the bend of the band at M?; distal fringe concolorous with wing ; hind-

marginal fringe tinged with yellow at the end of the band, Hindwing black-

brown, in some lights with very slight tinge of purple; a narrow yellow band,

about 3 mm. from termen, running from R? to fold, tapering almost to a point

at latter.

Underside almost identical, the white band of forewing tinged with yellowish

from hindmargin to across fold.

Ninay Valley, Central Arfak Mountains, Dutch New Guinea, 3500 ft.,

February and March 1909. Type in coll. Tring Mus.

Ctimene Dup.

Ctimene Bsd., Faune Ent. Pacif. i, 202 (1832) (indeser.) ; Dup., Dict. Univ. Hist. Nat. iv. 445

(1844).

Bursada Walk., List Lep. Ins. xxxi. 187 (1864).

Abraxides Auriv., Sv. Akad. Handl, xix. (5) 165 (1882).

Boisduval’s name of Ctimene, for which characterisation was first supplied by

Duponchel and later by Meyrick (Proc. Linn. Soc. New Sth. Wales (2) i. 241), has

otherwise lain dormant. I have not yet quite matched the type species, zanthomelas

Bsd., said to be from Port Praslin, New Ireland (New Mecklenburg), though

Boisduval himself mentions that this may be a mistake ; but I have before me a

very similar form from the Solomons and its generic position is absolutely secure,

70 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

so that Walker’s well-known name must sink. It is doubtful whether the genus

is taxonomically separable from the African Terina Walk., which is older than

Bursada but younger than Ctimene.

144. Ctimene hysginospila sp. nov.

32%, 35-88 mm. Head and body black, the underside of the body, together

with the legs, paler; an admixture of orange scales on the sides of the abdomen

about the fifth and sixth segments.

Forewing with apex rather rounded ; black, with a rather narrow white band

beyond the cell, running about from SC? to M? in such direction that if continued

it would reach termen almost at tornus ; around the white band, and as a narrow

band from this to costal and hindmargin, also at the extreme termen and on fringe,

the ground-colour is slightly paler and greyer. Hindwing black, with a narrow

red patch about from radial fold to M?, arising rather nearer to cell than to termen ;

a few red scales in cell towards its end; termen and fringe as on forewing.

Underside more greyish, especially towards hindmargin of both wings; the

bands reproduced; hindwing with a large red patch in cell beyond its middle,

crossing M.

Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, March 1911 (A. S. Meek). Type

and others in coll. Tring Museum. Also from near Oetakwa River, Snow

Mountains, up to 3500 ft., October-December, 1910, in the same collection.

145. Bursadopsis plenifascia sp. nov.

3, 35-36 mm. Head and body dull black, anal taft mostly light brownish.

Forewing dull black, with a moderately broad orange or cadmium-orange

band from costal margin beyond middle to hindmargin close to tornus, its proximal

edge slightly curved (slightly approaching base at costa), its distal edge per-

pendicular from costa about to M!, then gradually curving so as to avoid running

to termen. Hindwing black.

Underside the same.

In an aberration the hindwing shows an orange postmedian patch or short,

irregular band from the radial fold to the submedian fold, touching the hinder

angle of cell.

Near Oetakwa River, Snow Mountains, Dutch New Guinea, October—

December 1910 (A. S. Meek). Type in coll. Tring Mus.

Differs from the type species of Bursadopsis (praeflavata Warr., Nov. Zool.

vi. 344), in that the stalk of SC! arises farther down the stalk of SC’, and

that SC? does not anastomose with SC**; the hindwing is rather less fully

convex, indeed from SC? to R? almost straight.

146. Bordeta bursadoides superior subsp. nov.

?, 52mm. Larger than Bordeta bursadoides bursadoides Warr. (Nov. Zool.

xvi. 127), band of forewing broader (4 mm.), reaching nearly (on underside quite)

to M?. Abdomen intermediate between the type and ab. uniannulata (loc. eit.),

the belts, with the exception of the first, being rather narrow, but not reduced

to threads.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 71

Near Oetakwa River, Snow Mountains, Dutch New Guinea, October—

December 1910 (A. S. Meek). Type in coll. Tring Mus.

This species is not a true Bordeta in so far as that genus is characterised by

sexual dimorphism in shape (cfr, Rothschild, Nov. Zool. ii. 418), but I am not

at present able to undertake a generic revision.

147. Craspedosis aurigutta longigutta subsp. nov.

Differs from aurigutta aurigutta Warr. (Nov. Zool, ix. 366) in having the

orange band longer in proportion to its width, in the type specimen almost three

times as long as wide ; in both forms it is somewhat variable, but when broadened

in the form longigutta it is also lengthened, crossing the submedian fold, which is

never the case in the form aurigutta. Moreover, in the new race the distance

between the band and the termen at the fold is less than half that between band

and base, in aurigutta aurigutta more than half.

Ninay Valley, Dutch New Guinea, February and March 1909. Type in coll.

Tring Mus.

148. Craspedosis andromeda sp. nov.

3 ?, 43-50 mm. Head and body dull olive-grey, with the upperside of

thorax and of first abdominal segment plumbeous.

Forewing plumbeons; a pale buff band from SC in middle of wing-length

almost to hindmargin close to tornus, 4 or 5 mm. wide through most of its course,

sometimes tapering posteriorly. Hindwing uniform plumbeous.

Underside the same.

Ninay Valley, Dutch New Guinea, February and March 1909. Type in coll.

Tring Mus.

Related to semilugens Warr. (Nov. Zool. ili. 399), in which the band is white,

differently shaped, the hindwing less unicolorous.

149. Craspedosis flavithorax sp. nov.

3 ¢, 50-55 mm. Very similar to leucosticta Warr. (Nov. Zool. iii. 398) and

aruensis Pagenst. (J. B. Nass. Ver. Nat. xxxix. 164), but differing from all the

forms of those species in having the thorax above largely yellow ; abdomen yellow,

with some black dorsal belts, sometimes confined to the anterior segments, in the

2 almost obsolete.

Wings with the white spots broad but not very long, on forewing not, on

hindwing not greatly extending anteriorly to R'; that of the hindwing in the ¢ is

narrowly black-edged at the abdominal margin, inner-marginal fringe yellow ;

forewing also with some yellow scales at base of hindmargin and a white spot on

fovea; outer line weaker than in arwenszs, about as in leucosticta.

Dutch New Guinea: near Oetakwa River, October-December 1910, 3 dd

(including type); Ellanden River, December 1910 (A. S. Meek). In coll. Tring

Mus.

150. Craspedosis casta triangularis subsp. nov.

$2,47-50 mm. Rather larger (in the $) than casta casta Warr. (Nov. Zool.

x. 387), base black to 3 mm. on hindmargin, the black colour then running out

72 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916,

very obliquely, meeting the broad apical patch at apex of cell, so that a much

reduced white area remains, roughly triangular in form. Border of hindwing

broader than in name-typical casta and separated by a grey shade from the white

ground. The ¢ has a small black anal tuft.

Mount Goliath, Dutch Central New Guinea, 5000-7000 ft., March 1911

(A. S. Meek). Type in coll. Tring Mus.

151. Craspedosis cyanauges sp. nov.

3,33mm:; 2, 40 mm. Head, body and legs black, the body above with

dark blue reflections.

Wings black, with dark blue reflections.

Forewing with an oblique white band from SC to across M?, about 2 mm. in

breadth, its anterior end slightly rounded, its sides otherwise scarcely convex, the

discocellulars midway between them, its posterior end slightly narrowed, a small

projection crossing M? and reaching to the fold ; if continued, this band would reach

the hindmargin close to tornus. Hindwing unicolorous.

Under-surface the same.

Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, January 1911 (A. S. Meek). Type

and a $ ineoll. Tring Mus. Also a short series from Angabunga River, British

New Guinea, misidentified by Warren as laticlava Warr. (Nov. Zool. x. 387), which

is much larger, duller, the band longer, etc.

Related to miranda Warr. (Nov. Zool. xiv. 170) and purpurea Warr. (loc. cit.),

but smaller (especially the d) and with the band shorter, narrower, and less

rounded distally than in the former, much broader than in the latter, which,

moreover (in spite of its name), has the reflections brighter, of a purer, less

purplish blue.

152. Mniocera cinerescens niphospila subsp. nov.

Differs from name-typical cinerescens Butl. (Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1879,

p. 162), from New Ireland, in that the hindwing, as well as the forewing, shows

a white postmedian spot ; this is occasionally more restricted than on forewing,

scarcely crossing R* anteriorly, but is always conspicuous,

Rook Island, August 1913 (A. S. Meek). Both sexes in coll. Tring Mus.

I have before me an example of cinerescens cinerescens from “ New Britain”

(Neupommern), without more exact locality, and it is not impossible that the

Rook Island form may be found to occur there as an aberration. I strongly suspect

that Craspedosis niverupta Bastelb. (Berl. Ent. Zeit. lii. 60) is a synonym (or

perhaps ab.) of cinerescens cinerescens, though I cannot understand the “ ochre-

yellow ” hindmargin of forewing or the yellowish spot on the antenna.

153. Arycanda orthostela sp. nov.

3,41 mm. Head and thorax blackish, with a slight olivaceous tinge; thorax

above with an admixture of shiny blue-grey scales. First three segments of

abdomen coloured nearly as thorax, the rest bright orange.

Forewing shining blue-grey, along costal edge more brown-grey ; markings

NovITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 73

blackish, with slight olivaceous tinge ; some spots or dashes close to base; a

narrow, outwardly oblique band from fovea to cell, here acutely angulated, slightly

interrupted on SC; two broader, nearly straight bands, one proximally, the other

distally to the large black discal dot; a broad submarginal band, shading off

gradually to termen ; fringe dark brown-grey ——Hindwing with the three broad

bands reproduced, the first removed farther from the cell-spot ; in addition with a

fine straight subbasal line and a very fine, somewhat interrupted median line

crossing the cell-spot.

Both wings beneath dark blue-grey, with rather weak darker cell-spot and

with extremely shadowy traces of the antemedian and postmedian bands.

Rook Island, July 1913 (A. S. Meek). Type in coll. Tring Mus. Two, rather

larger, from New Britain, in the same collection.

154. Arycanda vinaceostrigata sp. nov.

3, 61-65 mm.; ¢, 69-71 mm. Head and thorax blackish slate-colour ;

abdomen orange-rufous, anteriorly with black dorsal spots.

Forewing slate-colour or slightly leaden, with fine black strigulation, a large

black cell-spot and a number of interrupted black transverse lines or narrow bands

(about nine), those at the base much broken up into spots, the next pair almost

confluent at costa, diverging, the next short, thick, anterior to the cell-spot, three

distally to the cell-spot, also thick, somewhat sinuous; the subterminal much

broken into large spots, containing four orange-red dots or smaller spots, two being

between the radials, one between the medians, and one (elongate and oblique) near

tornus ; terminal line almost interrupted at the veins, thick between; a broad, deep

vinaceous longitudinal streak runs from the cell-spot along the radials to the

subterminal, another from near base along the fold to the red subtornal spot, a

short one from the subterminal to termen between R? and M!, and a broad branch

from the fold-streak near the base runs off to hindmargin and is continued to

hindmargin of hindwing ; fringe bisected by a thick blackish line. Hindwing

with equally large black cell-spot; a black band proximally thereto, not reaching

costa, bounding the pink band distally; distally to the cell-spot two sinuous

black bands, more or less broken up into spots; subterminal nearly as on

forewing.

Underside uniform slate-colour, with large black cell-spots.

Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, about 139° E. longitude, 5000-

7000 ft., February 1911 (A. 8. Meek). 4¢0, 6 ? 2 in coll. Tring Mus.

155. Arycanda xanthogramma sp. nov.

3, 40-45 mm.; 2,49 mm. Palpus short. Head, body and legs concolorous

with wings, end of anal tuft paler.

Forewing dark purple-grey, with blackish specklings and strigulations ; a

brownish tinge in the region of the folds ; markings blackish, consisting of rows

of spots, largest at the costa, in part connected by some dark shading ; two ante-

median, well apart at costa, nearer posteriorly, somewhat bent in cell; obscure

spots between them at the folds; a less markedly spotted median, distally to the

cell-mark, angled at the radial fold ; two postmedian, weakly angled at R', then

parallel with termen, only the proximal of them marked by conspicuous dark costal

74 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

spot; a slightly pale, dentate line suggested between them; subterminal not very

conspicuous, consisting of slightly pale lunules, interrupted by the veins and

accompanied proximally and distally by blackish spots ; termen with thick black

lunules ; cell-mark placed in a blackish spot, bright fulvous, somewhat angled at

the origin of R? and slightly extended along that vein, in some examples suggesting

an irregular, inverted Greek gamma. Hindwing similar, without the antemedian

lines or enlarged costal spots, cell-spot nearly without the fulvous mark.

Underside almost uniform dark slate-colour, with slightly darker cell-spots.

Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, January and February 1911

{A. 8. Meek). Type in coll. Tring Mus.

Rather near fulviradiata Warr. (Nov. Zool. xiii. 138) and brunneotacta Warr.

(xiv. 168),

156. Arycanda leugalea sp. nov.

?, 48 mm. Head and body grey, tinged, especially on underside, with

brownish,

Forewing slaty grey, for the most part irrorated or strigulated with darker,

more brownish grey ; costal margin (except near base) and the spaces between

each pair of dark markings clearer grey ; some slight dark maculation near base ;

antemedian line double, curved, slightly sinuous, the proximal element broken into

rather large interneural spots, the distal slightly thickened on the veins ; cell-mark

elongate, slightly broken, narrowly pale on the cross-vein itself; median line

single, from costa just before middle, slightly oblique outwards, strongly curving

round between radials, thence strongly oblique inwards, touching the posterior

extremity of cell and reaching hindmargin at one-third; postmedian double,

dentate, bent at R', slightly incurved at fold, distal element expanded into rather

large spots; subterminal line somewhat lunulate-dentate, accompanied proximally

and distally by dark interneural spots, after crossing M? straight and oblique

to tornus; terminal line interrupted at the veins, rather thickened between ;

a slender pale line at base of fringe. Hindwing with median line well proximal

to cell-mark, obsolete anteriorly to SC; cell-mark and all beyond it as on

forewing.

Underside grey, broadly but very vaguely darker distally ; cell-spots present,

not very strong.

Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, January 1911 (A. 8. Meek).

Type in coll. Tring Mus.

None of the markings are very sharp. At first sight suggests a poorly-

coloured form of the preceding.

157. Stenocharta multiplaga sp. nov.

3 2, 39-40 mm. Face white. Palpus blackish, first joint and proximal two-

thirds of second joint narrowly yellow beneath. Vertex and occiput blackish, with

a slight paler admixture. Thorax and abdomen black above, white beneath ; a

yellowish spot on tegula.

Forewing brown-black, with a white spot in cell about 3 mm. from base, a

white discal patch as in guadriplaga Walk. (List Lep. Ins. xxxi. 207) and an

oval white submarginal spot between R! and the fold behind R?; in one example

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAL XXIII. 1916. 75

this spot is prolonged nearly to the termen, and there is an additional (but smaller)

white subapical spot ; fringe concolorous. Hindwing as in quadriplaga oviplaga

Rothsch. (Lep. Brit. Ornith. Un. Exped. New Guinea, p. 90).

Forewing beneath with the subbasal white spot triangular, extended nearly

to base; discal spot as above; both the subterminal spots present in all examples,

and in addition a narrower one from M! to the fold, sometimes less pure behind M’,

Hindwing beneath with a white patch at the base; discal patch as above; two or

three submarginal spots approximately corresponding to those of the forewing but

narrower.

Ellanden River, S.E. Dutch New Guinea, December 1910 (A. S. Meek). Type

and others in coll. Tring Mus. Also from near Oetakwa River, October— December

1910, both sexes.

The structural characters show only extremely slight differences from those of

quadriplaga, & antenna rather less thickened before and rather less pointed at

apex ; abdomen not quite so long and slender ; hindwing with anal angle not quite

so completely rounded off.

158. Abraxas copha sp. nov.

?,44mm. Face light orange. Palpus with first joint light orange, the rest

mostly blackish. Vertex blackish. Occiput, collar and front of thorax marked

with light orange. Abdomen mostly dark above; on sides and beneath spotted

and banded with light orange.

Forewing dull blackish ; at base of costa with an orange dot; a few white dots

in proximal area; an extended white median area, nearly 5 mm. wide at hindmargin

(before middle), narrowing, ending at SC half as wide; its proximal edge slightly

concaye, its distal slightly convex and tending to project slightly at the veins ;

a submarginal row of irregular white spots, the first large (from SO? to R?),

proximally indented on R!, the second wedge-shaped (between R? and M!), the

third rounder (between M! and M?), the last two small. Hindwing with a small

blackish proximal area, the white median band of forewing continued, broad,

narrowing somewhat at extremities, not quite reaching costa; distal half blackish,

with a submarginal row of white spots, the first (between C and SC?) and the last

(between M? and abdominal margin) mere dashes, the other four moderately large.

Underside almost identical.

Fak-Fak, Dutch New Guinea, 1700 ft., December 1907 (A. E. Pratt). Type in

coll. L. B. Prout.

Closely related to punctifera Walk. (List Lep. Ins. xxxi. 202), apex of forewing

somewhat more rounded, white band differently shaped, not followed distally by a

subcostal white spot.

159. Paralcidia subvinosa sp. nov.

3 2, 31-33 mm. Face and palpus light ochreous brown, with a slight vinous

tinge, the face with a few dark fuscous scales on upper part, palpus with first and

second joints fuscous-mixed on outer side. Vertex and thorax dark fuscous, the

latter with a pale, vinous-tinged stripe down centre. Abdomen and legs of the pale

colour, a good deal mottled with fuscous. Hindtibia in d very strongly dilated,

with dark fuscous hair-pencil.

76 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

Forewing as far as the postmedian line mostly glossy dark fuscous, the pale

markings with a slight vinous tinge ; these consist of: some short costal strigulae,

sometimes more extended over the anterior area; a streak from base along M,

somewhat diffused anteriorly into cell, continued along R* and M’, with more or less

irroration between these veins ; a strongly zigzag line from before middle of costa,

thick and oblique outwards at first, then very strongly bent and running close in

front of the median stripe, which it crosses at origin of M?, thick and nearly vertical

to just behind fold, excessively fine inward (or obsolete) to SM? at 3 mm. from base,

finally thick and forming an oblique curve to about one-fourth hindmargin ; post-

median line of the same colour, fine, from costa midway between median line and

apex, equally oblique outwards to R!, then parallel with termen, crenulate and

slightly sinuous, more strongly sinuate inwards at fold, very oblique inwards from

SM? to hindmargin; distal area white, strongly dusted (except in part at termen) with

brown and fuscons, the veins vinous tinged, a triangular fuscous spot at costa close

to apex, a small one between R* and M' and an elongate one from M? to tornus ;

terminal line fine, swollen into spots between the veins; fringe vinous-tinged

proximally, more whitish distally, cut throughout by large, subtriangular dark

spots opposite the veins. Hindwing glossy, very pale greyish, with faintly

darker cell-mark and postmedian line; ground-colour beyond the latter slightly

whiter ; fringe vinous-tinged.

Forewing beneath much more feebly marked, the dark subapical triangle

rather strong; fringe nearly as above. Hindwing beneath densely dark-dusted

as far as the thick, dentate postmedian line; cell-spot strong; distal area

pale, but with dark terminal line, interrupted by the veins, strongly thickened

between.

Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, about 139° E. longitude, 5000-

7000 ft., January and February 1911 (A. S. Meek). Type in coll. Tring Mus.

In some respects intermediate between errabunda Warr. (Nov. Zool, xiii. 145)

and rufivenata Warr. (ibid. 146), larger and relatively somewhat longer-winged than

either, with paler hindwing, ete.

Asthenophleps gen. nov.

Face sloping, somewhat rough-scaled below. Palpus with second joint shortly

rough-scaled, upturned in front of face, third joint smooth, rather elongate.

Tongue present. Antenna in d nearly simple, closely lamellate. Pectus some-

what hairy. Femora glabrous. Hindtibia in d dilated, all spurs developed.

Abdomen in d rather elongate, anal tuft strong. Forewing with costa arched,

termen rather prominent at R*, more oblique behind, very faintly sinuous ; cell

well over one-half, DC! strongly oblique, DC? incurved, becoming oblique; C

well free, SC’ stalked, SC? normal, R? weak, M! separate. Hindwing with

costal margin strongly arched posteriorly, apex weak, termen bent at R!, thence

slightly sinuous ; cell slightly over one-half, DC curved; C approximated to

SC to almost one-half cell, rapidly diverging, SC? just separate, R? wanting,

M’ separate.

Type of the genus : Asthenophleps strigulata sp. nov.

Akin to Phrudophlebs Warr. (Nov. Zool. x. 413), termen not crenulate, R? of

forewing not altogether wanting, C of hindwing approximated to the cell for a

longer distance, etc.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. al

160. Asthenophleps strigulata sp. nov.

3,27 mm. Head and body light brown, slightly variegated with warmer

shades.

Forewing glossy light brown, with cream-coloured transverse strigulation,

which tends to become grey-white in places, especially along the veins ; a white

spot in cell towards its end, accompanied proximally by a faint fuscous one; a

lunulate white spot in submedian area, slightly more proximal, accompanied

proximally by a distinct fuscous spot; a sinuous white postmedian line from

before three-fourths costa, thick in places anteriorly and posteriorly, strongly

excurved and very slender about R*-M!, slightly edged here and there with

fuscous; a fuscous streak between R! and R’, from postmedian to near termen,

a patch between M? and SM’, and (more slightly) between medians; two white

spots, rather obliquely placed, from close to apex; a row of irregular admarginal

white spots, that behind M? elongate so as to reach SM?; some very weak dark

terminal dots ; fringe very weakly darkened at vein-ends, Hindwing glossy,

violet-grey, becoming slightly more brown distally; fringe concolorous with

forewing.

Both wings beneath with the ground-colour warmer brown, the forewing in

cell and posteriorly largely obscured with dark violet-grey shading, the hindwing

from base to beyond middle with still darker shading ; both wings with small

dark cell-spot and irregular dark, partly distally white-edged postmedian line ;

forewing with this white edging expanded into spots before and behind R!, and

with the white subapical spots of upperside reproduced ; hindwing with a slight

oblique dark shade from tornus.

Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, February 1911 (A. 8. Meek).

Type in coll. Tring Mus.

78 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

NOTES ON (PEGHONS:

By ERNST HARTERT, Pı.D.

ie 1910, when I had finished Volume I. of my work on the birds of the palae-

arctic fauna, an eminent ornithologist—now deceased—said to me that since

I had overcome the difficulties with Titmice, Warblers and others, and concluded

the Passeres, the end of my task would be near, and the second volume would be

more or less playwork. I replied at once that I could not agree with him, as I had

before me the Woodpeckers, Owls, Eagles, Geese, game birds, and other difficult

groups; but I had bardly imagined that almost every larger family would be as

difficult as most of those of the Passeres. This, however, seems to be the case,

especially as many of the larger birds, being bulky and tiresome to skin, are

shunned by many collectors, and therefore very often the series in collections are

small and insuflicient, and not to be compared with those of the smaller birds.

On the other hand the difficulties connected with their study mostly increase the

interest in those groups.

Among others the Pigeons are by no means an easy order, and exceedingly

interesting.

I. ON SOME TURTLE-DOVES.

Among the Turtle-Doves—now Streptopelia, formerly Turtur—there is first

of all a difficulty about the name “rzsoria.” Linne, Syst. Nat., Hd. x., i. p. 165

(1758), gave it to a bird of which he said: “ Habitat in India, nobis communis

Turtur.’ On the strength of this “ Habitat ” the name has been frequently applied

to a wild Indian species, the Turtur douraca of the Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xxi. p. 430.

Before Salvadori and most of his followers, Schlegel, Blyth, Stejueger, and a few

others had already, more or less with reasons fully stated, refused to adopt the

name risoria for the Indian Ring-Dove.

Unfortunately my friend E. C. Stuart Baker, in his splendid book on the

Indian Pigeons and Doves (1913), p. 219, has again reverted to the name risoria

for the Indian Ring-Dove. In the Preface to his book, p. vil, the author most

laudably declares that he takes his names “ according to strict priority and with

effect from the date of the tenth edition of Linnaeus.” On p. 219, however, he

quotes, “ Columba risoria Linn., Syst. Nat., 1. p. 285 (1766)”! He then says that

the authors quoted by Linnaeus give India as the country whence their Dove came—

mentioning also Brisson, who is not quoted in Hd. x., and whose work was not

published in 1758—and winds up: “There canuot, therefore, be the slightest

doubt that Linnaeus meant the name risoria to be applied to the wild Dove

which had the headquarters of its habitat in India.”

Unfortunately Mr. Baker’s conclusions are incorrect. Linne (1758) quoted

Aldrovandus, Willughby, Ray, and Albin, vol. ili., p. 42, pl. 45. Aldrovandus had

two figures, one (p. 509) of the European Streptopelia turtur, the other (p. 510) of

a “Ring-dove” which he calls a “ Turtur Indiens.” Of the latter he says in the

description (p. 508) that the female is white with the exception of the red feet and

blackish bill, while the male has the upperside rufescent. In the chapter on the

distribution Aldrovandus says that the Turtledove occurs in the Orient, in Africa

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 19

(in enormous cloud-like masses), in the country of the Tartars, in Germany and in

England. No exact statement is ventured of the occurrence in India, and from the

description we can only suppose that it was taken from a cage-bird of the tame

race, while the figure might be either the tame or wild Indian or one of two or

three African species. Willughby quoted from Aldrovandus, merely adding that

he saw these Indian Doves in the King’s aviary in Westminster. Ray merely

quoted Aldrovandus.

Then comes Albin, who described “ The Turtle-Dove from India,” and figured

on pl. 45 very clearly the tame domestic form, and who says nothing about its

habitat but “ They are tame pretty birds, and kept in cages by the curious, in which

they will breed and bring up their young.”

It is thus evident that all previous writers quoted by Linnaeus were merely

acquainted with the domestic race, of which they supposed that it had come

from India.

For the following reasons the Indian species cannot be the ancestor of the tame

Dove:

(1) The markings on the outer tail-feathers are different. In the Indian

wild bird the outer web of the outer tail-feather is grey at least one centimetre

beyond the slate-grey basal portion of the inner web; in the tame race in Europe

the white of the distal portion of the outer web extends as far as or farther than

the white on the inner web (see figures). In these markings the tame race

agrees with Streptopelia roseogrisea of N.E. Africa.

(2) The tame Dove is smaller than “ S. douraca,” agreeing in size better with

S. roseogrisea. Domesticated races are—as a rule—larger than wild ones, as for

example canary-birds, ducks, geese, and others. The tail is also longer in the

Indian Ring-Dove !

80 NoviTatss ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916,

(3) The note of the tame Dove is a curious laughing one, that of the Indian

wild bird quite different (see Baker, Indian Pigeons and Doves, p. 224, and other

places). S. roseogrisea, on the other hand, has the same call as that of our

domestic race.

The latter is either cinnamon buff on the upperside or more or less entirely

white ; therefore not much can be learnt from its colour, but it would seem remark-

able that no trace of the grey under tail-coverts is ever noticed in the domestic

race, these coverts being grey in the Indian, white in the African species.

We must therefore conclude that the Indian -species cannot be the ancestor of

the tame Dove, while in all probability S. roseogrisea is the species from which our

domestic birds have come.

It is important to clearly understand this, because Mr. Baker’s book must be

widely spread and his nomenclature may therefore mislead many ornithologists.

Before Mr. Baker the late Professor E. Oustalet dissented from Count Salvadori’s

correct view in a lengthy article entitled “ Recherches sur l’origine de la Tourterelle

Aa collier,” in the Proceedings of the Third Ornithological Congress (Paris 1900),

Ornis xi. pp. 259-66. But Oustalet’s articles have been curiously neglected in this

country, and the Ornis is by no means in every ornithologist’s library. For the

reasons explained above, I cannot agree with Oustalet, who brings no proof of his

theory. Some of his conclusions are hypothetically based on a mounted specimen

in the Paris Museum, the locality of which is uncertain, and which, therefore,

cannot enlighten us in any way.

The name of the Indian Ring-Dove can therefore not be risoria; but, un-

fortunately, neither can it be douraca, because Frivaldsky in A. M. Tarsasag

Evkonyvei (Hungarian Academy writings), 1834-36, iii. kötet (8rd vol.), osztäly 3

(3rd part), pp. 183, 184, pl. viii, published 1838, described the wild Ring-Dove from

Turkey as Columba risoria var. decaocto. Moreover douraca of 1844 is a nomen

nudum !

A. E. Brehm, in the Thierleben, among others, described S. roseogrisea as the

ancestor of the tame Ring-Dove, but he seems partially to have mixed it up with

the Asiatic species.

I am sorry to say that I must disagree with my friend Baker in another case of

nomenclature, for he curiously misapplied the name meena. He called the “ Indian

Rufous Turtle-Dove ” Streptopelia turtur meena. He quite correctly separated it

from orientalis, with which so great an ornithologist as Salvadori had united it in

the Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xxi. p. 403.

The case of the name meena is as follows: In the Proceedings of the Committee

of the Zool. Soc. London, ii. p. 149 (1832), Sykes described under the name Columba

meena the male of the Dove with white under tail-coverts, which breeds in Central

Asia and visits India in the winter; to this he added the description of a bird

which he thought was the female of his meena, and which had the under tail-coverts

grey ; unfortunately this supposed female of his meena was not the same, but

belonged to a very different race. The name meena cannot be suppressed, bat must

be used for the bird which ten years later was named ferrago by Eversmann, a

name under which it is found in the Catalogue of Birds. It is against any

rules, and there is no reason whatever why it should be adopted for the supposed

female of the white-vented race, and the Indian grey-vented bird must be called

agricola.

Mr. Baker has very sensibly made use in his book of the “ trinominal system.”

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 81

As far as the Pigeons are concerned, this was new for the Indian fauna. On the

whole, Mr. Baker’s attempt has been very successful, but I cannot agree with ali

his conclusions. He treated orientalis, agricola (under the name of meena), and

meena (ander the name of ferrago) as subspecies of Streptopelia turtur. It is

tempting to do this, but Ido not believe that it can be accepted, because in wide

areas in Tarkestan and Afghanistan both S. turtur arenicola and S. orientalis meena

(= ferrago) appear to nest. Moreover it appears that the call-notes of the turtur

and orientalis groups differ considerably, the latter having a “ cooing” call, the

former the well-known “ turr-turrr.”

On the other hand I am certainly of opinion that S. cambayensis should be

looked upon as a subspecies of S. senegalensis. As everybody knows, cumbayensis

has the upperside earthy brown, and senegalensis has it, to use the words of the key

on page 448, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xxi., “ more or less reddish.” This “ more or less”

shows already that it is not always so very red, and in fact females and young are

sometimes so little reddish that they come very close to cambayensis. The Cat. B.

adds also “ramp bluish-lead colour” in senegalensis, never bluish in cambayensis.

This, however, is not entirely correct, because some African subspecies of sene-

galensis do not have the ramp bluish—i.e. aegyptiacus and the N.W. African form.

That cambayensis is not so frightfully different from typical senegalensis is suggested

by the following facts :

As late as 1876, Dresser, in his immortal work The Birds of Europe, vol. vii.,

united both forms, though in the Supplement, vol. ix., he separated them. But

even there he had not quite grasped their distinguishing features. On page 306

Mr. Dresser says: “Count Salvadori does not include 7. senegalensis, but only

T. cambayensis, as found in Turkey; but there is no doubt that both species

occur there, as I have a specimen obtained by Mr. Pearse at Turballi which, though

not quite adult, has the rump as blue as in typical senegalensis. I am, however,

afraid that I must blame myself for this omission on the part of Count Salvadori,

as I am not sure that he saw the specimen in question.”

The authorities of the Manchester Museum were kind enough to send me

the specimens from the Dresser Collection, for which I am much obliged to

Dr. Tattersall. I find that there is an adult female and two young, all shot on

May 15, and probably one family! All three belong to the same race, and have not

much to do with cambayensis, but belong to the Algerian race of senegalensis!

The young d with more blue on the rump was called by Mr. Dresser Turtur

senegalensis, the female with a less bluish rump cambayensis, the adult female also

cambayensis. These specimens haye, according to Mr. Dresser, been examined by

Count Salvadori, and called cambayensis, which is difficult to believe, as he knows

these birds perfectly well. I can only imagine that his notes became mixed,

because there is also enumerated on page 453, as from Aintab in Asia Minor, a

specimen (the first of the list) of cambayensis. This example was shot on

February 10, 1879, near Aintab, but it is a typical senegalensis and could not

possibly be mistaken for cambayensis, not even by a casual observer, and never

by an eminent ornithologist. That the mistakes became printed is unfortunate, as

the distribution as given in the Cat. B. and in Dresser’s Manual was consequently

quite wrong. As late as 1886, however, Sharpe mistook a cambayensis from Muscat

(BE. Arabia) for senegalensis, and the same error occurs in his Aves of the Second

Yarkand Mission. The distribution of the various races of Streptopelia senegalensis,

as far as I can work it out at present, is as follows:

82 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

1. Streptopelia senegalensis senegalensis (L.)

Columba senegalensis Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., Ed. xii. 1, p. 283 (1766— Senegal, ex Brisson).

Columba maculicollis, Wagler, Syst. Av., Columba No. 97 (1827—New name for C. senegalensis—

partim, comprising not only aegyptiaca auct., but also, though doubtfully, cambayensis).

Turtur senegalensis aequatorialis Erlanger, Journ. f. Orn. 1905, pp. 116, 117, pl. v. (lower figure).

Characteristics of this race: Smaller than other African forms, wing ¢ ? 134-

146 mm., rump and upper tail-coverts bluish grey ; underside pinky vinous, tips of

split jugular feathers more brownish, contrasting with throat and breast. Hdges

to inner wing-coverts and scapulars rather reddish.

Tropical Africa, from Senegambia to Nubia, Arabia, Palestine and south-

eastern Asia Minor (Ain-Tab, south of the Taurus, west of Birejik), Danford coll.

2. Streptopelia senegalensis sokotrae ©. Grant

Streptopelia senegalensis sokotrae Claude Grant, Bull. B. O. Club, xxxv. p. 19 (1914—Sokotra.

Type in British Museum).

Strikingly smaller than S. s. senegalensis, otherwise not different, though

generally lighter in colour, especially on head and breast. Wings, d 123-133,

? 123-127 mm.

Island of Sokotra.

3. Streptopelia senegaiensis phoenicophila subsp. nov.

Larger than 8. s. senegalensis: wing, d 145-152, ? 139-149 mm.; rump and

upper tail-coverts bluish grey with brownish tips to the feathers, edges to inner

upper wing-coverts, and scapulars more brownish, less reddish; underside less

pinkish, more brownish vinous; less strongly contrasting from the tips to the

split jugular feathers,

Date-palm groves south of the Atlas in Algeria, Tunisia, and Marocco, though

from the latter country information is scarce and vague. Probably also parts of

Tripolitania.—In Algeria from Berryan, Ghardaia, Guerrara, Biskra to Metlili and

Ouargla, but absent from El-Golea and In-Salah and farther south.

; The Palm-Dove from Africa Minor used to be lumped—like aegyptiaca—with

S. s. senegalensis. Not very many years ago the late Carlo von Erlanger first

noticed the differences. He, however, united it with aegyptiaca, which he revived—

many years before Cabanis had already called attention to it. This course was

followed by Zedlitz and by Lord Rothschild and myself, but since I have compared

a series from Egypt with one from Algeria and Tunisia, it became evident that

these forms cannot be united.

The specimens in the Dresser Collection (unfortunately no adult male !) from

Constantinople seem to be indistinguishable from those from Africa Mincr, and

they must undoubtedly have been introduced, probably from Tunis or Tripoli.

4. Streptopelia senegalensis aegyptiaca (Lath.)

Columba testaceo-incarnata Forskäl, Deser. An. p. 5 (1775—Egypt.—Forskäl’s work Descr. Animalium,

etc., was not binomial, names can therefore not be accepted from that work dated 1775).

Columba aegyptiaca Latham, Ind. Orn. ii. p. 607 (1790—Egypt, ex Forskal 1775).

Peristera rufescens Brehm, Vogelfang, p. 257 (1855—Egypt) ; id., Tauben, p. 54.

Turtur pygmaeus Brehm, Tauben, p. 56 (1857—Egypt).

Larger than S.s. senegalensis, of about the same size as S. s. phoenicophila, but

head and nape uniformly deeper vinous, upper back, scapulars and inner upper

wing-coverts much more rufous than in phoentcophila, almost uniform bright

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 83

cinnamon-rufous. Rump brown! Wings, d 145-148, sometimes 150-151, 2 136-

145 mm.

Nile valley south to Wadi Halfa. All specimens I have seen from south of

Wadi Halfa were typical senegalensis, though some from Kerman in Nubia

(Hon. N.C. Rothschild coll.) and the Atbara were very pale. It would be inter-

esting to compare larger series from these districts.

5. Streptopelia senegalensis cambayensis (Gm.)

Columba cambayensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat. i. 2, p. 779 (1789—‘ Habitat in Cambaja,” ie. on the

Bay of Cambay, North of Bombay. Ex Sonnerat and Latham).

Differs from all the forms of S. senegalensis in the uniform dull earth-brown

upperside. Wing, & 125-132, 2? 121-129 mm.

Tropical India from the foot of the Himalaya to the Malabar coast, where it

is rare, to the east to the rivers Hoogli and Ganges (Baker). It is a mistake to

suppose that this form or ermanni extends to Asia Minor or Constantinople !

6. Streptopelia senegalensis ermanni (Bp.)

Turtur ermanni Bonaparte, Compt. Rend. Acad. Paris 43, p. 942 (1856—Bokhara. Types in Berlin

Museum. There is no doubt as to the form which Bonaparte described, though his description

is partially misleading, as he evidently had specimens of senegalensis, which he called cam-

bayensis, for comparison).

Exactly like S. s. cambayensis, but larger: wings, d 135-145, ? 134-140 mm,

This very closely allied form is not always separable, if only single specimens

— especially of doubtful sex—are compared. It inhabits parts of Turkestan

(Bokhara), parts of Persia, Baluchistan and Afghanistan, and Muscat in S.E. Arabia.

There has been some uncertainty about the Yunnan form of Streptopelia

chinensis. Mr. Ingram called it Turtur chinensis, but said: “These (i.e. a pair

from ‘Mongtse’) agree with 7. chinensis fairly well, but have indications of dark

median streaks on the upper wing-coverts, and in one example the under tail-

coverts are almost white; in fact, they appear intermediate between 7. chinensis

and tigrinus.” Anderson identified specimens from Western Yunnan with

T. tigrinus, and also Bangs and Phillips called examples from Mengtsze

(“Mongtse”) Spilopelia tigrina, though also adding that they were “more or less

intermediate between figrina and chinensis.”

Comparing the Yunnan specimens I was astonished to find what an excellent

form, truly intermediate between S. c. chinensis and tigrina, they are ; they cannot

be united with either of the two nearest forms. The upper wing-coverts have

dull black shaft-lines as in Zigriza, but narrower ; the edge of the wing is darker

than in tigrina, as in chinensis. The under tail-coverts vary from buffy greyish-

white to grey, with more or less distinct buffy tips. I propose to name this well-

marked subspecies

Streptopelia chinensis vacillans, subsp. nov.

Type d ad, Mengtsze, Yunnan, 30. vi. 1910. No. 249, collected by Mr.

Alan Owston’s Japanese collectors. In the Tring Museum.

References are :

Turtur tigrina Anderson, Western Yunnan Exp. p. 665 (1878).

Turtur chinensis Ingram, Nov. Zool, 1912, p. 272.

Spilopelia tigrina Bangs & Phillips, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard Coll,, Cambridge, Mass.,

lviii. p. 270.

84 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

II. ON COLUMBA LIVIA AND ITS FORMS

While there has been much divergency of opinions about the ancestors of the

tame Ring-Dove, there has been none about that of our domestic Pigeon, since the

Rock-Pigeon (Rock-Dove) has become known. It is true that Linné considered

the Domestic Pigeon to be a domesticated race of the Stock-Dove, but this error

did not long prevail. No doubt the wild Rock-Pigeon (Columba livia livia) is the

ancestor of the European House-Pigeons, while ©. 7. schimperi and intermedia are

those of the Egyptian and Indian domesticated birds.

The wild races of C. livia are not so easily disposed of, but my investigations

have convinced me that neither in East Siberia, China and Japan, nor in Porto

Santo, Madeira, and the Azores, are wild forms indigenous, and that all birds

recorded from these countries are feral; this is, in my opinion, evident from the

colour-varieties which they represent; where they vary enormously, and where a

uniform type is very rare, or where spotted and rufous-barred birds are the rule, we

can only have to do with feral birds,

Bannerman’s canariensis is quite recognisable if a series is compared, though

I cannot see that it is darker than C. 7. livia on the upperside, and my wing-

measurements range up to 227 mm.

©. l. schimperi differs by its very light mantle and small size, while the rump

is not white, but whitish grey or greyish white. This form is the most distinct

of all, but often interbreeds with feral Domestic Pigeons, probably descendants of

the same race.

©. 1. palaestinae is darker; but not only the birds from Palestine, but also

those from Arabia belong to it. More information will be found in my book on

the palaearctie birds.

©. l. gaddi Sarudny is like palaestinae, but larger. I have only compared one

specimen shot in S.W. Persia by Mr. Witherby, of which I think that it must

belong to this form. It is said to inhabit the provinces of Luristan and Arabistan,

west of the mountains.

©. 1. neglecta is certainly paler than the very dark typical intermedia from

India, but in the Himalayas, near Kashgar, ete., the two forms seem to mix and

to intergrade. Columba livia korejewi Sarudny and Loudon (Orn. Monatsber.

1906, p. 134) from the Semiretchie province in Turkestan is said to be larger, but I

do not think that this is constant, and that the authors can have measured many

typical neglecta.

C. 1. intermedia is the dark, dark-rumped Indian subspecies.

The very rare Columba livia gymnocyclus (not gymnocycla !), only known from

Senegambia and the rocks near Gambaga, and apparently from the Los Islands,

north of Freetown, is insufficiently known, and the possibility of its beine feral

requires consideration. Cf. Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xxi. p. 257; Hartert, Nov. Zool.

1899, p. 406 ; Reichenow, Vög. Afr. i. p. 490; Alexander, /dis 1902, p. 368.

III. ON COLUMBA NIGRICANS

Columba nigricans has been described by Buturlin (Annuaire Mus. Zool.

St. Petersbourg xiii. p. 324, 1908) from one single specimen shot from an

apparently wild flock at “ Tunzay-inzsa in the Sologow valley in Vei-chan, north

of Cheng-te and east of Dolon-nor, near the head springs of Shara-muren and

Liao-khe.” The author describes the bird as follows :

NoVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 85

“Columba nigricans—corpore supra cum uropygio ardesiaco-nigricante, sed

dorso inferiore, tectricibus alarum majoribus summo apice, rectricibus extimis

pogonio externo dimidio basali dilute coerulescente-canis ; rostro nigricante ; alis

220 millim. longis ; abundat in rupibus prope Tunzsanzsy, Vei-tschan.”

This appears to be a totally distinet species, hitherto unknown. There is

nothing in it which suggests to me that it could be a feral variety, though this

suspicion easily arises with new species of the genus Columba from palaearctic

countries.

IV. ON THE RACES OF THE “SNOW PIGEON”

In looking over the series of Columba leuconota in the Tring and British

Museums it occurs at once that the examples from West China are lighter, paler

on the upperside, than those from the Western Himalaya. In measuring them

they also appear to be larger, certainly reaching larger dimensions than the latter,

though they overlap.

I propose to name the birds from Szetschwan

Columba leuconota gradaria subsp. nov.

Head not as dark as in C. . leuconota, more slate-grey, mantle paler and more

greyish, upper wing-coverts lighter. Wings 239-262, as against 230-245 mm. in

birds from the Western Himalaya. Type in the Tring Museum, d ad. Sungpan,

Sue-chan in Szetschwan, China, 6. iv. 1894, Berezowski coll.

The distribution of this race appears to be West-China (Szetschwan, Kasun)

and Tibet as far west at least as the highlands north of Sikkim. While specimens

from Darjiling and Lachang in Sikkim (9000 ft.) still belong to the dark form, those

from Gnatong (12,400 ft.) and Gyantse belong to the eastern paler one. Those

from “Native Sikkim” in the British Museum are partially intermediate between

the two races. Unfortunately the exact localities and altitudes of these birds are

unknown, as they were collected by the late Mandelli’s Lepchas in that part of

Sikkim which was beyond British territory, in Tibet.

V. THE LAUREL-PIGEONS OF THE CANARY ISLANDS

The first notice of the existence of any of these Pigeons is in the interesting

work by Ledru entitled “ Voyage aux Iles de Ténériffe, La Trinité, Saint- Thomas,

Sainte-Croix et Porto-Ricco,” where we find in vol. i. pp. 177-185 the first list

of birds supposed to occur on Teneriffe. There is mentioned (p. 184) “ Un pigeon

ramier moins gros que celui d’Europe. Bee rouge, dessus et cdté du cou bronzes.”

An asterisk denotes that a specimen was brought to the galleries of the Natural

History Museum in Paris. No doubt this short description refers to Columba

bollä.

The next notice is that of Messrs. Webb, Berthelot and Moquin-Tandon on

p. 26 of the “ Ornithologie Canarienne ” in the Histoire Naturelle des Iles Canaries.

Here the name Oolumba laurivora occurs for the first time. It has universally

been adopted for the species with the whitish tip (not subterminal bar) to the tail,

which inhabits the islands of Palma and Gomera. Unfortunately this is impossible

to accept, for the following reasons :

Under the name Columba laurivora the authors describe the male of the

86 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII, 1916—

Madeiran C. trocaz, merely adding that the female differs by having the throat of

a more or less deep glittering green, the wings of a dark brown, the flanks and

lower abdomen rufous brown, and a white terminal tail-band. No doubt this

description of the supposed ? refers to what is now called C. laurivora, but the

name was not given to this supposed female in particular, but to the Madeiran

C. trocaz, and on the plate (3) the latter is figured above, C. laurivora auct. below.

Columbe trocaz Heineken is quoted as a synonym, and the authors say, as an

explanation why they rename the species, as follows: “ Le docteur Heineken est le

premier qui ait siznalé cette Colombe ; il l’a deerite en lui conservant le nom vulgaire

de Trocaz, mais sans lui imposer le nom latin scientifique. Nous n’avons pas

conservé cette derniére dénomination, qui nous a paru trop vague, et nous adopterons

l’épithéte latine de Zaurivora, qui nous parait trés-caractéristique, puisqu’elle indique

une des principales habitudes de l’oiseau.” It is clear that we cannot charge the

authors with having named the Canary Pigeon if they in the first instance described

the Madeira species and clearly say that they rename it daurivora because “ trocaz ”

is not a Latin name!

C. laurivora is therefore a synonym of C. trocaz, and the Canary Islands species

with a terminal whitish area to the rectrices is nameless ; I therefore propose for it

the name

Columba junoniae nom. nov.

from its habitat: La Palma and Gomera, or, as they were formerly called, Junonia

Mayor and Junonia Menor (see Brown’s Madeira, Canary Islands and Azores).

Type ? ad. La Galga, Palma, 20. iv. 1889, no. 15232, H. B. Tristram coll. ; in

Mus. Rothschild, Tring.

The other species with the slaty back and grey subterminal bar to the rectrices

was probably referred to by Bolle in the Journal fiir Ornithologie, 1857, p. 329,

under the name of “ Columba (Torcaza) Buvryi Bonap.?” but the description, which

was made up from verbal information, does not quite agree, and as Bonaparte in

Compt. Rend. Acad. Paris xli. and xliii., 1855 and 1856, gave the name dbuvryt to

the Madeiran ¢rocaz, this name can in no case be accepted. It was, however,

properly diagnosed and named Columba bollii by Godman, Ibis 1872, p. 217, from

Teneriffe specimens, and this name is unassailable. The type is in the British

Museum, and the description clear. Godman’s spelling too must unfortunately be

preserved, though Dr. Bolle declared that the name must be spelled dollei, as his

name was Bolle and not Bollius.

Columba bolle’ inhabits Teneriffe, La Palma and Gomera, and formerly also

Gran Canaria, where, according to Bannerman, it has disappeared with the laurel

woods. In fact, it is just as fond of these latter, and the laurel berries, as the

formerly so-called “ laurivora,” now junoniae.

VI. ON THE NAME AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE CURACAO PIGEON

COLUMBA GYMNOPHTHALMA

Having received the beautiful set of “ Illustrations to the Birds of South

America” of Lord Brabourne and Charles Chubb, by H. Grönvold, my attention

was naturally arrested by pl. 14, the “ Bare-faced Pigeon.’ This species is there,

and on page 15 of the “ List of Birds of South America,” called Columba corensis

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 87

Jacq., and in a footnote is said: “ We prefer to follow Count Salvadori’s suggestion,

as we consider that the bare space round the eye, mentioned by Jacquin, is a

sufficient character to identify the species.”

This deduction, in my opinion, is incorrect. Jacquin’s diagnosis (Beyträge zur

Geschichte der Vogel, 1784, p. 31) is as follows : “ Columba (corensis) cauda aequali,

orbitis denudatis atro-punctatis, corpore grisea.” To this is added the following

description :

“ Bey Koro, in dem Gebiethe von Venezuela, wohnt eine schöne Taube, welche

an Grösse der gemeinen Hanstaube gleichkömmt. Sie ist durchaus schöngrau,

und die hinteren Federn des Halses sind sehr schön schuppenähnlich, und obschon

sie mit den übrigen gleichfiirbig sind, so spielen sie doch verschiedentlich. Die

rothen Augen stehen in einem kahlen mit schwarzen Puncten besetzten Flecken.

Die Füsse sind roth. Die Indianer nehmen die Jungen aus dem Neste, erziehen

und essen sie.”

This description, taken from manuscript notes made by Jacqnin’s father during

his sojourn in Venezuela, reads, translated into English, as follows:

“Near Koro, in the country of Venezuela, lives a fine Pigeon, which agrees in

size with the common domestic Pigeon. It is throughout of a beautiful grey colour,

and the feathers of the hind-neck are very beautifully scale-like, and, though of

same colour as the rest, they appear different in different lights. The red eyes

stand in a bare space which is beset with black dots. The feet are red. The

Indians take the young from their nests, rear them, and eat them.”

Can this description be adopted for the species in question? In my opinion

certainly not. It is certainly not “throughout of a beautiful grey colour,” as the

upper back and scapulars as well as the lesser and median upper wing-coverts are

greyish brown, the head and most of the underside are vinous, a wide stripe along

the wing and the under tail-coverts white, and one could only call the lower back and

rump and the flanks “ beautifully grey.” The white alar stripe is so conspicuous

that the inhabitants of Curacao, Aruba and Bonaire call this Pigeon the “ Alablanco,”

é.e. the “ White-wing.” Moreover the naked space around the eyes is not exactly

dotted with black. Even the feathers of the hind-neck are not really of the same

colour as the rest, but the upper ones have bluish white, the hinder ones pink

edges, bordered with a narrow black line, and they are not iridescent. There is

therefore hardly anything in the description which agrees well with the bird—the

colours of which are very well shown in Mr. Grönvold’s plate—except that it has

a bare space round the eye, and that the tail is equal—though I would rather call

it slightly rounded,

And last but not least comes another point: the “habitat”! I cannot under-

stand why the authors of the List say that it is “ Venezuela,’ and nothing else.

The fact is that it has never yet been found in Venezuela—at least there is no

proof of it. For about eighty years it was only known from single specimens

in four or five museums, which probably all came over alive from Curagao—like

Amazona ochroptera—and was haphazardly, without any proper reason, supposed

to come from the “interior of Brazil,” until, in 1892, I discovered its habitat—the

islands of Aruba, Curacao and Bonaire. Mr. Ernst Peters (see Journ. f. Orn.

1892, p. 112) said that this same Pigeon, of which he had shot two specimens,

which, however, were not skinned, but taken by a cat, occurs in Venezuela, where

it is called “manglera.” This statement was evidently made from hearsay, and

not from personal observation, and even in the latter case it would have been with-

88 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

out value, because Herr Peters was not able to name the pigeon which he had

shot and lost on Curacao. It is, of course, quite possible that Columba gymnoph-

thalma occurs in Northern Venezuela, especially since it has been obtained on the

island of Margarita by Mr. Wirt Robinson, but as yet it has never been proved

to be found on the mainland.

This is another weighty reason for the rejection of the name “corensis,” and

it is doubtless possible that Jacquin’s corensis is an unknown pigeon still waiting

for rediscovery. Koro is close to the peninsula of Paraguana, the fauna of which

is so far unknown. Connected as Paraguana is with the continent by a very

narrow land-bridge, its ornis may have many peculiarities, and among them the

doubtful Columba corensis.

Moreover, Count Salvadori (Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xx. p. 269) did not suggest

that Columba corensis was the proper name of C. gymnophthaima, but showed

clearly that he considered it undefinable, as he quoted it with a query.

Reverting again to the List of the Birds of South America, we must thus

object to the distribution of the Pigeon in question, given as “ Venezuela,” and

which should be: Aruba, Curacao, Bonaire, and Margarita Islands. The name,

as I have explained, must be Columba gymnophthalma, and instead of the English

name “ Bare-faced Pigeon,” the name “ Curacao Pigeon” would be preferable,

because there are other bare-faced pigeons in existence.

The plate (14) by Mr. Grönvold cannot pass without some criticism. The

bare space round the eyes is painted blue, though I have (/dis 1893, p. 323) care-

fully described it as a “large granulated naked space of a dark reddish-brown

colour, somewhat like an over-ripe strawberry ” ; the bill is coloured bright yellow,

but in life it is “of a whitish flesh-colour,” while the iris is deep orange-brown

(not red), surrounded by a smooth bare ring of a bluish-grey colour. The colouring

of the plumage is of course rendered very well, but the tail looks too short in

the front figure, though fully long enough in the flying bird on the left.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 89

NOTES ON GLAREOLA.

By ERNST HARTERT, Pn.D.

N the Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xxiv. the genera Glareola, containing the species with

a deeply forked tail, and Galactochrysea (corr. Galachrysia), embracing those

with a slightly forked one, are recognised. Mathews (B. Austr. iii. p. 321, 1913)

added Subglareola, with ocularis from Madagascar as genotype. These genera are

unnecessary, Glareola orientalis and ocularis forming stepping-stones from Glareola

s.s. to Galachrysia.

Under Glareola pratincola Sharpe (Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xxiv. p. 53) and

Reichenow (Vög. Afr. i. p. 144) united the birds of Southern Europe and West

Asia with those from Africa, believing that they migrated to tropical Africa, where

they passed the winter. This is not the case, as they breed in the latter country

and are distinguishable. Of recent authors Erlanger was the first to see the

differences in plumage, while Fiilleborn, Erlanger, and Millar found them breeding

in Hast and S.E. Africa.

While Erlanger (Journ. f. Orn. 1905, p. 55) tentatively recognised G. p.

pratincola, limbata, and orientalis, from the Mediterranean countries, tropical

Africa, and Asia, Neumann (Orn. Monatsber. 1910, p. 10) went one step further,

separating a second tropical African race, which he named Glareola pratincola

fülleborni. Neumann’s view is acceptable, though the two African forms are not

very easy to distinguish.

Reichenow (l.c.) further confused the nomenclature by accepting Sharpe’s

view, that Tringa fusca Linné (Syst. Nat. Ed. xii. 1, p. 252, 1766) was the same as

his Hirundo pratincola (t.c. p. 345), and temporarily being an advocate of strict

priority, even going as far as recognising page-priority, replaced the well-known

name pratincola by fusca ; one would have to accept this, if the name fusca could

possibly refer to the Pratincole, but it does not. Linné took it from Brisson, who

described a bird from the Senegal which was all-over brown, including the

abdomen, the upper and under tail-coverts and throat. It is difficult to say what

this bird might have been, but it is quite certain that it was not Glxreola pratincola ;

and therefore the name fusca, unfortunately adopted by Neumann, but not by

Erlanger, cannot be used for it.

1. Glareola pratincola pratincola (L.)

Hirundo Pratincola Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. Ed. xii. 1, p. 345 (1766— Habitat ad littora Europae

australioris ; in Austriae pratis aprieis”).

Upperside yellowish greyish brown. Axillaries and inner under wing-coverts

ferruginous. Inner secondaries in fresh plumage with white tips.

South Europe, North Africa north of the Sahara, Western and Western

Central Asia.

2. Glareola pratincola limbata Rüpp.

Glareola limbata Gray, Gen. B. iii, p. 538 (1844—Nomen nudum, ex Rüppell MS.) ; Rüppell, Syst.

Uebers. Vig. Nordost. Afr. p. 113 (1845—Near Djeddah and Massaua on the Red Sea and in

the highlands of Simen, Abyssinia).

Colour of upperside slightly deeper brown, throat more brownish, inner under

wing-coverts deeper ferruginous.

90 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

N.E. Africa, from Khartum or Nubia southwards, S. Arabia, Sudan to Senegal,

and apparently west coast south to N. Angola—at least a specimen collected by

C. H. Pemberton at Barraca, on the Cuanza River, is perfectly similar to specimens

from N.E. Africa, while it differs from East African ones. Two skins from the

Upper Casamanze, however, agree with fülleborn.

Erlanger, Neumann, and others have admitted the name limbata of Riippell,

and I suppose this must be done, as he evidently had tropical African specimens

before him; but, as I pointed out as long ago as 1891, in Kat. Vogels. Mus.

Senckenberg. p. 218, Rüppell distinguished young birds as different from adults, and

also Erlanger appears not to have grasped the real differences, which were for the

first time pointed out by Oscar Neumann.

3. Glareola pratincola fiilleborni Neum.

Glareola fusca fülleborni Neumann, Orn. Monatsber. 1910, p. 10 (“ Ostafrika vom Manjara See bis

Natal”).

Still darker on the upperside than @. p. ümbata, the breast darker and more

olivaceous, the inner under wing-coverts still darker. In this form and in @. p.

limbata the brown border on the outer under wing-coverts is generally wider than

in @. p. pratincola.

E. Africa from Lake Manjara to Natal; also two skins from the Upper

Casamanze, Senegambia, agree with this form.

Glareola maldivarum Forst.

Glareola (Pratincola) Maldivarum Forster,* Faunula Indica, p. 11 (17$5—ex Latham, Gen. Synops.

iii, 1, p. 224. Maldive Islands).

Differs from G. pratincola by the much less forked tail, with considerably

shorter outer rectrices, the absence of distinct white tips to the inner secondaries

even in the freshest plumage and in adult males, and by the rufescent breast. The

colour of the upperside and throat are dark and rich, as in @. pratincola fiilleborni

and limbata.

Breeds in China, south to Hainan, north to southern Dauria,f and in several

parts of India ; migrates to the Malayan Islands and Australia.

Dresser, Erlanger, and Neumann have treated this bird as a subspecies or

geographical race of Glareola pratincola, but as both the latter and G. maldivarum

(= orientalis auct.) were found breeding in Sind by Doig (specimens in the Hume

collection in the British Museum), and the differences are striking, more so than

those between G. melanoptera and pratincola, which both nest in many parts

of South Russia, it is against my principles, and not quite reasonable, to treat

G. maldivarum as a geographical representative of G. pratincola.

On May 24, 1903, Mr. F. R. Mortimore shot an adult female on Serf Island,

Seychelles. On the label he put “ Migratory. No native name. Iris black.

Beak black, base red. Legs dark brown.” Whether this occurrence is quite an

accidental one, or whether the species migrates more or less regularly to the

Seychelles, I am at present unable to say.

* Sherborn and Mathews have quoted this work as by Latham & Davies, but erroneously. The first

edition of this work by Latham & Davies was appended to Pennant’s Indian Zoology, but the names of

the birds at least were in English, and Forster, in his revised edition, which was published at Halle in

1795, first gave Latin names to all the species.

} Only found once by Radde, breeding in a salt-marsh.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAH XXIII. 1916. 9

This bird used to be called @. orientalis, but, as snown by Mathews, Forster

in 1795 called it Glareola maldivarum, coromanda and madraspatana, giving Latin

names to Latham’s Maldivian, Coromandel, and Madras Pratincoles.

In the Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xxiv. p. 60, Sharpe says that ‘ the adult plumage is

apparently gained by a moult,” as if anything else were possible. This reminds me

of another instance in literature: In the new edition of Naumann, vol. viii. pl. 11,

the specimens are rather richly coloured. This is not the fault of the reproduction,

but because I or my assistant allowed Keulemans to take as models specimens from

Khartum and East Africa, not knowing that they differed from European ones.

Ornithologists and geographers will, however, find it a puzzle to identify the

“ Kokorikosee.” The specimen figured is a semi-adult male from Lake Kikorongo,

a salt-lake one day’s march from Lake Albert Edward, in Toru, Uganda Protecto-

rate, where the late Dr. Ansorge collected several specimens in April 1899.

In the Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xxiv. p. 63, is another curiosity. Sharpe explains

there in a footnote that the name Zideriae must be adopted for the species under

consideration, but he quotes Glareola marchei Oust. 1877 and Glareola nuchalis

liberiae Schlegel, 1881. According to his own synonymy, therefore, the form in

question must be called marchei and not liberiae! Reichenow, however, considers

that Oustalet’s description of his marchei refers to the form known as nuchalis, and

in this he is undoubtedly right. In any case marchei cannot be the same as

liberiae, as it has the nape white and not rufous.

CONCERNING THE OCCURRENCE OF EROLIA BAIRDIT

IN SOUTH-WEST AFRICA

By ERNST HARTERT, Pn.D.

N the Zdis, 1870, pp. 151, 152, Mr. J. E. Harting made known the very inter-

esting and unexpected fact, that C. J. Andersson had obtained a specimen of

Erolia bairdii at Walvisch Bay, S.W. Africa, on October 23, 1863. He said that

the single specimen was “in the collection of the late Mr. ©. J. Andersson.”

Seebohm, Geogr. Distribution of the Charadriidae, p. 445, says that the specimen

is in his collection. Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xxiv. p. 768, informs us that he

was unable to find it in the Seebohm collection. Buturlin, in Dresser’s Zygs of

Birds of Europe, p. 693, tells us that this skin passed from the Seebohm collection

into that of the St. Petersburg Museum. One example was procured on the island

of Arakamchechen near the Tschuktschen coast This specimen is the only one

ever obtained on the Siberian side of the Bering Strait. Taezanowski, Faune Orn.

Siberie Orient., p. 924, seems to think that two specimens have been obtained

there, but Palmén means, of course, the same bird which Nelson collected near

the shore of Tschuktschenland.

Buturlin, in the valuable notes given in Dresser’s work, accuses Reichenow

of having said that the species has “frequently” occurred in Damaraland.

Reichenow, however, did not put it so strong, though he certainly said “ mehrmals,”

which means several times, while frequently would be “ häufig,” though only the

one single bird has ever been recorded from Africa.

92 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916,

WHAT IS THE CORRECT NAME OF THE

“ LONG-TOED STINT”?

By ERNST HARTERT, Pu.D.

HIS bird has been generally known under the name of Tringa or Actodromas

subminuta, but some authors called it Tringa damacensis, and the latter

name has been adopted by Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xxiv. p. 553, in the

combination “ Limonites damacensis,” in the Check-List of N. Amer. B., 3rd Ed.,

p. 115, and by Mathews, B, Austr. iii. p. 251, as Pisobia damacensis. By those

who adopted the latter specific name few comments have been made on the

correctness of this name. Stejneger, Res. Orn. Expl. Commander Is., and Kamt-

chatka (Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 29) p. 116, merely says: “ Having heard of no

doubt concerning the identification of Horsfield’s damacensis with Middendorft’s

subminuta, I adopt it without further comment.” Mathews, t.c. p. 253, says:

“Long known by Middendorff’s name of subminuta, it was originally described by

Horsfield, and the Horsfieldian name was used by ornithologists having access to

the British Museum, where the type is preserved. The description given by

Horsfield is, of course, quite inadequate to identify the species, no mention being

made of the long toes and no measurements given.” A name, however, is not

correct because nobody has expressed any doubt about its identification, nor merely

because a type is supposed to exist. The diagnosis must be correct, and the

supposed type must be the real type. These two essential questions appear to have

been considered only by Blanford. In Fauna Brit. Ind., Birds iv. p. 274, he

says: “Dr. Sharpe has examined the two type-specimens of Horsfield’s Totanus

damacensis, and finds that one belongs to Tringa ruficollis and one to T. subminuta ;

but the words in Horsfield’s brief description, “rachidibus primorum albis’ (shafts

of the primaries white), is applicable to T. rujficollis only.”

With regard to the supposed type: In Horsfield’s time authors did not at

once mark the specimen or one of the specimens from which the original description

was taken as the type, as is now done by nearly all conscientious ornithologists.

In nearly all cases such specimens were afterwards marked as the types, and it

is therefore obvious, that in a case where two specimens, belonging to different

species, are marked as types, neither of them can serve to prove the meaning of

the name.

There remains the diagnosis. We should certainly have liked Horsfield’s

descriptions to be better, more accurate, more detailed. Mr. Mathews has in several

places in his work on the Birds of Australia commented on their insufficiency,

but they are really often much better than one is apt to believe at a first glance,

if they are carefully read and properly understood.

The sentence quoted as essential by Blanford is by no means all. There is

no doubt it was meant to say “shafts of the primaries white.” Horsfield called the

primaries “remiges primores” and not “remiges primariae,” as we do now; his

meaning is therefore absolutely clear. Besides, there are other reasons why

I consider that the description can only refer to Erolia ruficollis : Horstield

says “ subtus albus” and “ supra pallide cinereo-fuscus.” Now Erolia rufcollis,

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 93

in winter plumage, is above pale ; subminuta on the other hand is rather dark,

and the underside of the former is practically white all over, while that of

subminuta is conspicuously streaked on the foreneck and chest, which would

certainly have been mentioned in the diagnosis.

Therefore Totanus damacensis Horsf. is a synonym of Tringa ruficollis Pall.,

and the “ Long-toed Stint” must be called “ Erolia subminuta,” or rather “ Erolia

minutilla subminuta.’ The two forms £. m. minutilla and A. m. subminuta agree

in their main features and are geographical representatives, as conceived by Seebohm

(Geog. Distrib. of Charadriidae, pp. 438, 439).

ON THE FORMS OF BURAINUS OEDICNEMUS

| Br ERNST HARTERT, Pı.D.

N Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 547, Lord Rothschild and I gave a review of the sub-

species of Burhinus oedienemus which we knew at the time. I find that

this little review holds good. The fourth form we did not name, calling it

Oedicnemus oedicnemus subsp. It is the pale form of the Indian desert, extending

at least from Merw (Transcaspia) to East and South Persia, and Persian Balu-

chistan (Kafir-Kala and Bampur, N. Zarudny coll.), and over the Indian desert as

far east as Hissar (Sirsa). It is similar to B. oedicnemus saharae, but still paler,

less rufescent-sandy, and with a slight greyish tinge; the blackish markings on

the upperside are not so large, the stripes on the breast are narrower, the dark

alar bar is less developed. We thought in 1911 that the name scolopax of 8. G.

Gmelin might possibly refer to it, but we learn from Zarudny that in North

Persia the dark common B. 0. oedienemus occurs, while he calls the one from

East Persia “ Oedicnemus indicus,” and in Journ. f. Orn. 1911, p. 232, he says,

that specimens from Hast and South Persia “den Übergang zu O. indicus Salvad.

vermitteln.” As the Indian bird is rather dark and not pale-coloured, one cannot

say that the pale birds from South and Hast Persia, etc., form a transition, and no

name being available, I call it

Burhinus oedicnemus astutus, subsp. nov.

Type from Fao, Persian Gulf, collected by Cumming, in the Tring Museum.

94 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

ON THE BIRDS FIGURED IN THE ATLAS TO KRUSEN-

STERN’S VOYAGE ROUND THE WORLD.

By ERNST HARTERT, Pa.D.

NE of the rarest books, apparently even in Russia, seems to be the Atlas zur

Reise um die Welt unternommen auf Befehl Seiner Kaiserlichen Majestät

Alexander des Ersten auf den Schiffen“ Nadeshda” und“ Neva” unter dem Commando

des Capitains von Krusenstern.—St. Petersburg, 1814. It is a huge folio work

with maps, landscapes, portraits, costumes, ethnographical articles, and animals of

all kinds. The maps were done by Captain von Krusenstern, all the other plates by

“ Hofrath Tilesius of Leipzig ” (W. G. Tilesius von Tilenau), who had accompanied

the expedition as naturalist. It was intended to publish a volame on the Natural

History results of the voyage, but the text has never appeared.

Tam greatly obliged to Dr. Chalmers Mitchell for kindly lending me the copy

of these plates in the library of the Zoological Society of London.

Only the following plates contain birds :

PLATE XVII

A pigeon and a parrot. The Pigeon is called “ Der Kokuh,” the Parrot “ Der

Pihidi,” and both are supposed to have come from the island of Nukahiwa or

Nukuhiwa, in the Marquesas Group, Pacific Ocean. The Parrot is undoubtedly

the species now known as Coriphilus ultramarinus (Kuhl), an inhabitant of the

Marquesas Islands, though the figure is not exact in all details (cf. Cat. B. Brit.

Mus. xx. p. 48).

The Pigeon is a species unknown to us. It appears to belong to the genus

Phlegoenas Rehb. Vieillot (Nouv. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat. xxvi. p. 346, 1818) named

it Columba rubescens. Unless wrongly represented and not from the Marquesas

Islands, it is a species peculiar to Nukahiwa. As the parrot is fairly well repre-

sented, we may presume that the pigeon is also. It is urgently desirable that a

competent ornithologist or able collector should visit the Marquesas, in order to

find out if Columba rubescens is already extinct or still in existence (ef. Cat. B.

Brit. Mus. xxi. p. 606).

PLATE XVIII

Upper figure: “Der Brasilianische Kiebitz.” A fairly good figure of

Belonopterus cayennensis (Gm.) (Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xxiv. p. 163).

Lower figure: “Der Beissige Pelikan.” A good figure of Sula leucogaster

(= Sula sula, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xxvi. p. 436, nec Pelecanus sula L.).

PLATE XLIV

An uncoloured plate. The upper figure seems to represent some kind of Finch,

but I cannot make out which species. It is left unnamed, but is presumably from

Japan, as it is on the same tree with an owl called “ Die japanische Eule.” The

latter has an unfeathered tarsus and ear-tufts. No Japanese Owl is known to me

which resembles the drawing.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 95

PLATE XLVI

Another uncoloured plate, said to be a Japanese Fish-hawk, “ Der Bisago oder

japanische Fischfalke.” I should say it would be meant for a Buteo, but a Buzzard

is not a Fish-hawk !

PLATE LVII

“ Die japanische Moeve mit dem Blutschnabel.” —It is this plate which served

. as the type of Vieillot’s Larus crassirostris (Nouv. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat. xxi. p. 508,

1818). The figure is good, with the exception of the bill, which is represented far

too large, thus causing Vieillot to name the species erassirostris, which is by no

means a suitable name.

PLATE LXXXIV

“ Tringa variegata oder der bunte Sachalinische Strandläufer.”’—An excellent

representation of the Eastern form of the Dunlin. On this plate Vieillot, Nouv.

Dict. d’ Mist. Nat. iii. p. 359 (1816), based his Scolopax sakhalinz, and this name,

in the form of Erolia alpina sakhalina, must be accepted for the E. Asiatic

and North American Dunlin (ef. Buturlin, AA, 1914, pp. 50-53). — Tringa variegata

is preoccupied by Gmelin, 1739. ea

PLATE LXXXV

Upper figure: A Wagtail, evidently Motacillı leucopsis. This is the bird to

which Vieillot (Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. xiv. p. 599) refers as follows: “Le

hochequeue, décrit par Sackalin, et qui se trouve en Russie.” Evidently Vieillot

had here confused his notes, as in the case of his Scolopax sakhalina. As Buturlin

assured us, there is, previous to Vieillot’s writings, no Russian author by the name

of Sakhalin or Sackalin, and no special work on the island of Sakhalin (see Auf,

1904, p. 50).

Lower figure: “ Hine Meise von Jesso.” This note does not do credit to the

author—whether Tilesius or some one else—for in the Russian explanation of the

plate it is said that both birds came from Sakhalin, not from Jesso, and the bird

is far from being a Titmouse (“Meise”). I cannot find any mention of this

bird in the Nouveau Dictionnaire, by Vieillot, and it seems to be a bad representa-

tion of Saxicola (“ Pratincola”) torquata stejnegeri (Parrot) (cf. Hartert, Vög. Pal.

Fauna i, p. 708).

PLATE LXXXVI

A coloured figure of a Wader. On the plate: “Tringa Meleagris, die braune

weiss punctirte Meerlerche.” This plate has been named “ Tringa Sakhalmi” by

Vieillot (Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. xxxiv. p. 471), “le Tringa de Sakhalm.”

Probably “ Sakhalm ” and “Sakhalmi” are misprints or slips for “Sakhalin” and

“ Sakhalina.” The figure is very peculiar and evidently not a faithful representa-

tion of any bird. Buturlin (Auk, 1904, p. 52) took it for a young “ Heteractitis

brevipes,” but the golden yellow colour on the short, square tail, and the long legs,

as well as the spotting on the back and wings, cannot possibly have been taken

from any Heteractitis. They agree with the eastern Golden Plover (Charadrius

Julvus), but the long bill and markings on the head are those of a “ Heteractitis.”

Probably the figure of “ Tringa meleagris” is a mixture of both, and a

fictitious one.

96 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

WEITERES ZUR AVIFAUNA VON TIMOR.

Von C. E, HELLMAYR.

URZ nach erfolgter Drucklegung meiner “ Avifauna von Timor” * machte ich

die unliebsame Entdeckung, dass mir zwei für die Omithologie dieser Insel

nicht unwichtige Veröffentlichungen entgangen waren.

Wie ich in dem historischen Abschnitt über die ornithologische Erforschung

Timors + hervorhob, ist ein zusammenhängender Bericht über die Sammelansbeute

der Expedition Baudin niemals publiziert worden. Indessen hatte, was ich damals

übersah, R. P. Lesson in seinem bekannten “ Traité d’Ornithologie ” f eine ganze

Anzahl der von René Maugé, einem der Naturforscher der Expedition an das Pariser

Museum eingesandten Vogelarten aufgeführt, ja sogar zwei neue Arten, Cinnyris

thoracieus (p. 297) und Dicaeum maugei (p. 303) bekannt gemacht, welch letztere

von keinem der späteren Schriftsteller gedeutet werden konnte.

Zunächst sei eine Liste der im “ Trait@” namhaft gemachten timoresischen

Arten gegeben. Den von Lesson gebrauchten Benennungen habe ich die heute

gültigen Namen aus der “ Avifauna von Timor” gegenübergestellt, unter gleich-

zeitiger Beifiigang der beziiglichen Seitenzahlen :

Lesson, Traite. Avifauna

von Timor.

p. 248 Alcedo bengalensis = Alcedo ispida floresiana p. 70

p.270 Hirundo esculenta, variété a

gorge blanchatre = Collocalia esculenta neglecta p. 66

p. 297 Cinnyris solaris = Cinnyris solaris solaris p. 54

p. 303 Dicaeum maugei Less. = Dicaeum macklotii macklotüi p. 55

p. 370 Ocypterus albiventer = Artamus leucoryn{chos|celebensis p. 41

p. 370 Ocypterus cinereus = Artamus perspicillatus p. 41

p. 374 Notodela (Turdus) orientalis= Lalage nigra timorensis p. 39

p. 889 Muscicapa hyacinthina = Cyornis h. hyacinthina ps ed

p- 413 Saxicola orientalis = Lalage nigra timorensis p. 39

p. 446 Loxia punctularia = Munia punctulata blasii p. 60

p. 447 Loxia variegata = Uroloncha molucca propinqua p. 60

p.471 Columba javanica = Chalcophaps chrysochlora timor-

ensis p. 92

p. 472 Columba purpurata = Ptilinopus ewingii flavicollis p. 85

p. 509 Coturnix (Perdix) chinensis = Excalfactoria chinensis lineata p. 93

p.542 Vanellus gallinaceus = Trediparra g. gallinacea p- 105

p. 607 Tachypetes aquila = Fregata aquila p. 109

* In C. B. Haniel, Zoologze von Timor, Lief. 1, Stuttgart 1914, pp. 1-112.

+ Ibidem, p. 2.

+ Als Erscheinungsjahr dieses Werkes wird allgemein ‘ 1831” angenommen.

Wie ich jedoch einer

freundlichen Mitteilung C. W. Richmond’s in Washington verdanke, ist das Buch in acht Lieferungen

in der Zeit von Februar 1830 bis Juni 1831 veröffentlicht worden. Bisher vermochte Richmond nur den

Umfang der vier ersten Lieferungen festzustellen :

Lief. 1, feuille 1- 5: pp. 1- 80 Februar 1830

ache Pps 6-10: pp. 81-160 . ‘ F . Mai 1830

„3 ,, 11-15: pp. 161-240 Juli 1830

» 4 „16-20: pp. 241-320 September 1830

Da der Umfang der Lief. 5 in der Bibl. frang. nicht viraichnet ist, lässt sich auch der Inhalt der späteren

Hefte nicht eruieren.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 97

Von diesen Arten verdient nur Dicaewm maugei besondere Berücksichtigung

und wird weiter unten (p. 103) näher zu behandeln sein. Sechs weitere Formen:

Australasia viridis (p. 210), Ceyx cyanea (p. 241), Cinnyris thoracicus (p. 297),

Certhionyx variegatus (p. 306), Oriolus variegatus (p. 405), und Fringilla maia

(p. 448) sind im “Traité” fälschlich der Insel Timor zugeschrieben ; sie finden im

zweiten Abschnitt dieses Artikels Erwähnung.

Von der Weltumseglung der “ Gazelle” in den Jahren 1874-76 brachte der

Arzt des Schiffes, Dr. Hüsker, eine kleine Vogelsammlung nachhause, über welche

J. Cabanis und A. Reichenow * berichtet haben. Aus Timor sind nur acht Arten in

dieser Zusammenstellung verzeichnet. Bine derselbeu, Geopelia cuneata (p. 325),

ist jedenfalls durch eine Etikettenverwechslung irrtümlich mit der Heimatsangabe

“Timor” versehen. Die anderen sind folgende :

Journ. f. Avifauna

Orn. 1876. von Timor.

p- 319 Muscicapa (Cyanornis) hyacinthina = Cyornis h. hyacinthina p. 27

p- 821 Dicrourus densus = Dicrurus densus p. 39

p. 322 Artamus perspicillatus = Artamus perspicillatus yp. 41

p- 324 Trichoglossus haematopus = T. haematod|us| capi-

stratus p. 78

p. 820 Astux torquatus = A. torquatus torquatus pP. 97

p- 825 Carpophaga rosacea = (. rosacea p. 87

p. 329 Sula personata = Sula dactylatra personata

Die letztgenannte Art fehlt in der “ Avifauna von Timor,” und ist als No, 141

nach Fregata aquila (p. 109) einzutiigen.

Ausserdem lenkten Nachforschungen in der Literatur meine Aufmerksamkeit

auf eine Reihe bisher übersehener Beschreibungen Vieillot’s im Nouveau Dictionnaire

@ Histoire Naturelle, denen Exemplare von der Expedition Baudin zugrunde gelegen

hatten, und deren Klarstellung durch Nachprüfen der Typen umsomehr geboten

erschien, als bei vielen auf dieser Reise gesammelten Objecten bekanntermassen die

Fundorte im Pariser Museum nachträglich verwechselt wurden : australische Vögel

erhielten die Heimatsangabe Timor, timoresische Arten dagegen die Bezeichnung

“Neu Holland.” Um diese offenbaren Lücken meiner Arbeit nach Thunlichkeit

auszufüllen, benutzte ich einen fünfwöchigen Aufenthalt in Paris im Frühjahr 1914

zur Prüfung der in den Schriften von Lesson und Vieillot erwähnten timoresischen

Vogelarten.

Die Ergebnisse dieser Studien sollen in den nachfolgenden Zeilen hauptsächlich

mitgeteilt werden.

September 15, 1914.

ERGÄNZUNGEN ZUR SYSTEMATISCHEN ÜBERSICHT DER

VÖGEL TIMORS.

Avifauna von Timor.

p- 11 1. Geocichla peronii peronii (Vieill.)

Nachzutragen ist, dass der im Pariser Museum aufbewahrte Typus nach

Pucheran f nicht aus Australien, sondern aus Timor stammt.

* J. Cabanis und A. Reichenow, Uebersicht der auf der Expedition S.M. Schiff Gazelle gesammelten

Vögel; Journal f. Ornith. 24, 1876, pp. 319-330.

ft Arch. Mus. Paris vii. 1855, p. 353.

98 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII 1916.

p- 16 4. Oreicola gutturalis gutturalis (Vieill.) statt

0. melanoleuca melanoleuca (Vieill.)

Ginanthe gutturalis Vieillot, Nouv, Dict. xxi. p. 421 (1818.—“ Nouvelle Hollande,” errore! Der

Typus stammt zweifellos aus Timor; descr. 2 ad.); Pucheran, Arch. Mus. Paris vii,

p. 346 (crit. )

(Enanthe melanoleuca Vieillot, ].c. p. 435 (1818.—Timor ; deser. ¢ ad.)

Das Originalexemplar des Pariser Museums trägt folgende Aufschrift:

“No. 9079. Traquet & gorge blanche, Sawicola gutturalis, Sylcia gutturalis,

Vieill. (Type), de la Nouvelle Hollande (?), par Péron et Lesueur.” Auf dem

Postament findet sich ferner die Notiz: “ Asie anstrale. Corvette le Naturaliste,

Expéd. Capt. Baudin, an 11, par Lesueur,” Die Masse des Stückes sind: Al. 73;

caud. 66 ; rostr. 13 mm.

Es ist ein altes Weibchen der bisher O. m. melanoleuca genannten Art

und stimmt sehr gut mit dem von mir * beschriebenen Individunm aus Lelogama

(Coll. Haniel No. 209) überein. Der Typus zeigt alle für die Timor-Form

charakteristischen Merkmale : Oberseite matt erdbraun, Federn des Vorderscheitels

mit verloschenen, dunklen Zentren ; Oberschwanzdecken tiefschwarz ; Steuerfedern

schwarz, die vier äusseren Paare an der Basis in grosser Ausdehnung weiss;

Oberfliigeldecken schwärzlichbraun, mit hellen Säumen wie l.c. beschrieben ;

die Wurzel der inneren grossen Flügeldecken und der inneren Armschwingen ist

weiss, eine Higentiimlichkeit, die auch den drei anderen 2 ? aus Timor zukommt,

aber in meiner Kennzeichnung versehentlich zu erwähnen vergessen wurde ; die

Zeichnung der Kopfseiten ist ganz wie beim Vogel aus Lelogama, nur erscheint der

dunkelbraune Ohrfleck infolge des Alters etwas “ fuchsig” ; Kehle, Hinterbrust,

Bauch und Crissum weiss, die Vorderbrust wie bei No. 209 stark rahmröstlich

überwaschen (Vieillot’s Ausdruck “d’un roux clair” ist übertrieben), endlich

Achselfedern, Unterflügeldecken und ein schmaler Schwingeninnensaum weiss.

Der Schnabel ist verblichen, infolgedessen erscheint die Wurzel der unteren

Mandibel blassbraun. Der Typus stammt jedenfalls aus Timor, wie schon

Pucheran (lc. p. 347) vermutet hat, da wir die Art nur von dieser Insel kennen.

Der Name O. gutturalis, der bisher von allen Schriftstellern übersehen worden ist,

steht um vierzehn Seiten vor O. melanoleuca und muss dem Prioritätsgesetz zu-

folge an dessen Stelle treten. Dementsprechend heisst auch die Samau-Form in

Zukunft :

pil 5. Oreicola gutturalis luctuosa (Bonap.) statt

0. melanoleuca luctuosa (Bonap.)

p. 20 6. Saxicola caprata pyrrhonota (Vieill) statt

S. caprata fruticola (Horsf)

Ginanthe pyrrhonota Vieillot, Nouv, Dict, xxi. p. 428 (1818.—‘ Nouvelle Hollande,” errore ! der

Typus stammt aus Timor; ef. Pucheran, Arch. Mus. Paris vii, p. 347 ; descr. 2).

Sazwicola fruticola Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. xiii. p. 157 (1821.—Java ; deser. ¢ ad.).

Trotz eifriger Nachforschungen ist es mir nicht gelungen, den Typus von

O. pyrrhonota im Pariser Museum ausfindig zu machen. Vieillot’s Beschreibung

lässt jedoch mit Sicherheit das Weibchen des Schwarzkehlchens erkennen.

Pucheran, der das Original noch vor Augen hatte und seine timoresische Herkunft

feststellte, bezog es schon anf das Weibchen von Pratincola caprata [= Saxicola

* Avifauna von Timor, p. 18.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAB XXIII. 1916, 99

caprata fruticola], worin ihm der erfahrene Jules Verreaux beipflichtete. Als

weitere Stiitze fiir diese Annahme ist zu erwiihnen, dass sich im Pariser Museum

zwei von der Expedition des Capt. Baudin gesammelte dd ad. dieser Art aus

Timor befinden. Unter diesen Umständen ist es wol gerechtfertigt, die bisher

gebräuchliche Bezeichnung fruticola durch den älteren Namen Vieillot’s zu

ersetzen. *

p. 29. 22. Myiagra ruficollis ruficollis (Vieill.)

Bei der Abfassung des Kapitels über diese Art übersah ich, dass Swainson +

drei Jahre vor Gould eine Myiagra latirostris aufgestellt hatte. Dieser Name

gründet sich zum Teil anf die “ Moucherette & gorge rousse” des Pariser

Museums (= Typus von Platyrhynchos ruficollis Vieill.,t zum Teil auf Todus

rubecula Lath.,§ eine verschiedene Art, die heute die Bezeichnung Myiagra rubecula

(Lath.) führt. In keinem Fall kann er für die von mir (p. 30) MZ rufieollis

latirostris Gould genannte Repräsentativform des australischen Kontinents in

Anwendung kommen, welche den nächst älteren Namen

Myiagra ruficollis kempi Math. ||

zu tragen hat. Ob die anderen von Mathews unterschiedenen Lokalrassen T sich

bei näherer Prüfung aufrecht erhalten lassen, bleibe dahingestellt.

p- 39 31. Lalage nigra sueurii (Vieill.) statt

L. nigra timorensis (S. Müll.)

Sylvia leucophaea Vieillot,** Nouv. Dict. xi. p. 189 (1817—“ Nouvelle Hollande,” errore! Nach

Pucheran, Arch. Mus. Paris vii. p. 345, wurde der Typus von Maugé in Timor gesammelt ;

descr. 2).

Turdus Sueurii Vieillot, l.e. xx. p. 270 (1818—‘ Nouvelle Hollande,” errore! Nach Pucheran (l.c.

p. 351) stammt der Typus aus Timor, coll. Maugé ; descr. ¢ juv.)

Ceblepyris timorensis S. Müller, Verhandl. Natuurl. Gesch., Land- en Volkenkunde, p. 190, note (1843.

—Timor ; descr. 2).

Das Pariser Museum besitzt von der Expedition des Capt. Baudin zwei

Exemplare, die folgendermassen bezeichnet sind:

1.—“ Timor, Exp. Baudin, par Mauge, an 11.

No. 9823. Lalage timorensis Müll. Sylvia

leucophaea Vieill. (Type de Vieillot)” (?) . Al. 92; caud. 80; r. 12 mm.

2—“ Australie, Exp. Baudin, Timor. No. 9821.

Lalage timorensis Müll. Turdus Sueurii Vieill.

IND 5 6 o (le jure) - . : : SANS OR ead 73) 4s:

* Die Nomenclatur des Fliegenschnäppers Hrythromyias pyrrhonota (S. Müll.) wird nach unserer

Auffassung dadurch in keiner Weise berührt. Nach den bestehenden Regeln ist Sawicola pyrrhonotus

S. Müll. 1843 durch Znanthe pyrrhonota Vieill. 1818 nicht praeoccupiert.

+ In Jardine’s Naturalist’s Library, Ornith., x. (Flycatchers) p. 255 (1838.—* New Holland”).

+ Cf. Pucheran, Arch. Mus. Paris, vii. p. 360.

§ Ind. Ornith., Suppl., p. xxxii (180].—ex “ Red-breasted Tody,” Gen. Syn. Birds, Suppl. ii., p. 147—

* Nova Hollandia.”)

| Yyiagra latirostris kempi Mathews, Nov. Zool. xviii. No. 3, p 322 (Jan. 1912—Cape York,

Queensland),

q A List of the Birds of Australia, 1913, p. 188.

** Nec Sylvia leucophaea Latham, Ind. Ornith., Suppl., p. lv (1801.—* in Nova Hollandia”).—Bei

Mathews nicht erwilnt.

100 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916,

Der sorgfältige Vergleich dieser Exemplare mit der von Herrn Haniel

erbeuteten Serie lässt keinen Zweifel an der Gleichartigkeit von Sylvia leucophaea

und Turdus sueurti mit L. n. timorensis bestehen. No. | ist ein durchans normales

Weibchen. Wie schon Pucheran (Lc. p. 345) hervorhob, ist Vieillot’s Beschreibung

fehlerhaft; denn Oberkopf und Mantel sind nicht “ gris clair,’ sondern hell

(leicht réstlich) braun, mit verloschenen duuklen Strichen auf Stirn und Scheitel,

während sie auf dem Mantel kaum wahrnehmbar sind. Verglichen mit No. 262

aus Bonleo unterscheidet sich der Vogel nur in einigen, unbedeutenden Details,

die ohne Weiteres durch Ausbleichen sich erklären lassen. So sind Pileam und

Vorderrücken blasser braun, die hellen Abzeichen auf den Flügeln fast weiss

(statt rahmgelb) ; die Unterseite erscheint gleichfalls fast weiss, da der rahmgelbe

Anflug nahezu völlig verschwunden ist ; die dunklen Querwellen an den Brustseiten

sind nur ganz schwach angedeutet. Auch der Oberschnabel ist stark ausgebleicht :

gelbbraun (statt schwarz).

Der Typus von Turdus Sueurii ist ein jüngerer Vogel und zwar augen-

scheinlich ein d juv. Er weicht von No. 1 nur durch geringere Grösse, viel

deutlichere braune Färbung auf Scheitel und Mantel (ohne Spur dunkler Striche)

und den Besitz zahlreicher, schmaler, aber sehr deutlicher, dunkler Querlinien auf

der ganzen Brustab. Hinterrücken und Oberschwanzdeckfedern sind bräunlichgrau

(statt rein aschgrau), der Bürzel auf rahmgelblichem Grunde dicht, obwol schmal,

dunkel gewellt. Die Flügelabzeichen sind bereits reinweiss wie beim d ad.

Schnabel mit Ausnahme der Wurzel der unteren Mandibel braunsch warz.

Die von Vieillot gegebenen Namen haben beide Priorität über L. tümorensis

Müll. Indessen ist Sylvia leucophaea Vieill. 1817 durch S. leucophaea Lath. 1801

praeoceupiert, weshalb 7. sueurii als der nächst ältere in Kraft zu treten hat.

Unsere Art ist demnach in Zukunft als Lalage nigra sueurü (Vieill.) zu

bezeichnen.

p. 41 36. Artamus cinereus cinereus Vieill. statt

A. perspicillatus Bonap.

Artamus cinereus Vieillot, Now. Dict. xvii, p. 297 (1817.—Timor) : idem, Tabl. enc. meth. Ornith.,

ii. 1822, p. 758 (“Vindividu qui a servi pour cette description, a été apporté de Timor et fait

partie... de la collection du Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle ”).

Ocypterus cinereus Valenciennes, Mem. Mus. d’Hist. Nat. Paris, vi, 1820, p. 22, tab. 9, fig. 2

(“. . . rapporte de Timor par Maugé”’).

Artamus perspicillatus Bonaparte, Consp. Av. i. p. 344 (1850—Timor).

A. cinereus wurde allgemein auf eine im südwestlichen Australien heimische

Art gedeutet, welche sich von der Timor-Form durch längere Flügel, Mangel des

weissen Spitzenfleckes auf dem mittleren Stenerfedernpaar, Besitz einer schmalen,

schwarzen Stirnbinde, und Ausdehnung der schwarzen Färbung über die vordere

Backengegend und obere Kehle unterscheidet. Erst Mathews scheint die

Richtigkeit dieser Identifizierung bezweifelt zu haben; denn er gab—freilich ohne

jegliche Begriindung—der westaustralischen Form den neuen Namen A. tregellasi,*

wol hauptsächlich deshalb, weil sowol der Beschreiber Vieillot als Valenciennes

in seiner Monographie der Gattung Ocypterus ausdrücklich Timor als Heimat des

A cinereus bezeichnet hatten.

Angesichts der häufigen Fundortsverwechslungen bei den von Maugé gesam-

melten Objeeten erschien eine Nachprüfung des Typus geboten. Leider gelang es

* Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl. 27, p. 100 (1911—Rockingham, W. Australien).

NOYITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 101

mir nicht, denselben während meines Aufenthaltes in Paris aufzufinden, und

Freund Ménéganx, der die Nachforschungen weiter fortsetzte, schreibt mir unlängst,

dass das wertvolle Stück in der Sammlung nicht mehr vorhanden sei. Wir sind

somit für die Lösung der Frage auf Vieillots Originalbeschreibung und die

von Valenciennes mittgeteilte Kennzeichnung und Abbildung angewiesen.

Beide entsprechen hinsichtlich der Farbenverteilung auf dem Kopfe den uns vor-

liegenden Timor-vögeln, d. h. das Schwarz ist beschränkt auf die Zügelgegend ; *

der dunklen Stirnbinde (wie sie dem australischen A. tregellasi zukommt)

geschieht keine Erwähnung. Dagegen könnte die Schwanzzeichnung des A. cinereus

zu Zweifeln Anlass geben, da Vieillot sowol wie Valenciennes + das Fehlen der

weissen Spitze auf dem mittleren Steuerfedernpaar besonders hervorheben, was

gerade eines der Hauptmerkmale der westaustralischen Art ausmacht. An einem

unserer dd aus Timor, das sich in ziemlich abgenütztem Kleide befindet, ist

der weisse Spitzenfleck durch Abreibung bis auf einen feinen Saum gänzlich

verschwunden. Ein ähnliches Exemplar dürfte Vieillot als Grundlage für seinen

A. cinereus gedient haben. Unter diesen Umständen nehmen wir keinen Anstand,

den so viel älteren Namen an Stelle von A. perspieillatus für die Timor-Form zu

gebrauchen. Die australischen Vertreter sind zweifellos Angehörige desselben

Formenkreises, der somit folgende sechs Lokalrassen umfasst :

(a) A. cinereus cinereus Vieill., Samau, Timor, Letti, Sermatta.

(6) A cinereus melanops Gould, Inneres Süd-Australien, N. S. Wales, Victoria.

(ce) A. cinereus hypoleucus Sharpe, Queensland.

(d) A. cinereus tregellasi Math., S.W. Australien.

(e) A. cinereus venustus Sharpe, N.W. Australien.

(f) A. cinereus florenciae Ingr., Nord]. Territorium.

p- 46 40. Philemon buceroides buceroides (Swains.) statt

Philemon timoriensis timoriensis (S. Müll.).

Philedon buceroides Swainson, Anim. in Menag. p. 325 (Jan. 1838—“ New Holland, Paris Museum.”

Der Fundort ist unrichtig, der Typus stammt aus Timor (Mauge coll.) ; cfr. Pucheran, fev,

Mag. Zool. (2) x. 1858, p. 469).

Tropidorhynchus timoriensis S. Müller, Verhand. Natuurl. Gesch., Land- en Volkenkunde, p. 153,

note $ (1842—Kupang, Timor),

Der Name duceroides ist bisher allgemein auf einen im nördlichen Queensland

beheimateten Meliphagiden angewandt worden. Swainson, der seinen Philedon

buceroides nach einem im Pariser Museum befindlichen Exemplar aus “ New

Holland” aufstellte, beschrieb nur die Verteilung der nackten und befiederten

Partien auf Oberkopf und Kopfseiten, begleitet von einer ausgezeichneten Skizze des

Kopfes, während er die Färbungscharaktere infolge Verlustes seiner Aufzeichnungen

über den Typus unerwähnt lassen musste. Die textliche und figürliche Darstellung

(l.e. p. 326) lässt aber keinen Zweifel, dass Swainson ein Stück der Timor-Form

vorlag; denn es heisst ausdrücklich: “sides of the head as far as the ears, and

a spot on each side of the neck naked,” was nur auf P. fümoriensis passt, wogegen

bei der bisher duceroides genannten Art aus Queensland nicht bloss ein Fleck an

jeder Halsseite, sondern ein zusammenhängender, über den Hinterhals und die Hals-

seiten reichender Ring nackt ist. Überdies hat Pucheran (l.c.) bereits festgestellt,

* Vieillot sagt: “une raie noire part des narines, s’étend vers l’eil et l’entoure,” und Valenciennes

bemerkt ganz übereinstimmend: “La téte est grise, avec une tache noire entre l’ceil et la base de la

mandibule superieure.”

+ Es heisst dort : “les deux plumes intermédiaires seules sont entierement noires.”

102 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

dass der Typus von P. buceroides aus Timor (Mangé) und nicht aus Australien stammt,

und seine Identität mit 7. timoriensis als wahrscheinlich vermutet. Ferner ist es

für jeden, der nur einigermassen mit der Erforschungsgeschichte des östlichen

Archipels vertraut ist, eine bekannte Tatsache, dass die Expedition Baudin, der

Maug& als Naturforscher angehörte, die von P. duceroides bewohnten Gebiete

(Queensland) gar nicht berührt * hat. Trotzdem bringt es Mathews f fertig, als

Terra typica von P. buceroides kurzweg “ Cairns, Queensland” anzugeben! Der

Name P. buceroides hat also an Stelle von P. timoriensis zu treten, und die drei von

mir unterschiedenen Formen heissen demnach :

(a) Philemon buceroides buceroides (Swains.) Timor, Samau, Savu.

(6) Philemon buceroides pallidiceps Hellm., Wetter.

(ce) Philemon buceroides neglectus (Büttik.), Lombok, Sumbawa, Sumba, Flores,

Pantar, Alor.

Der queensländischen Art, P. buceroides auct. nec Swains., dagegen kommt

als ältester Species-name

Philemon yorki Math.t

zu, während die nalıe verwandte Repräsentativform der Melville Insel als P%ile-

mon yorki gordoni Math. zu bezeichnen ist.

p- 51 44. Stigmatops flavicans (Vieill.) statt

S. maculata (Temm.)

Melithreptus flavicans Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. xiv. p. 325 (1817.—“ Nouvelle Hollande,” errore !) :

idem, Tabl. eneyel. meth. ii. 1822, p. 604 (type au Muséum d’Histoire naturelle) ; Pucheran,

Arch. Mus. Paris, vii. 1855, p. 349 (erit. = Meliphaga maculata Temm.).

Meliphaga maculata Temminck, Rec. Pl. col., livr. 5, tab. 29, fig. 1 (1820.—“l’Océanie,” type im

Pariser Museum, Voyage Baudin, sc. Timor, coll. Péron). -

Wie Pucheran feststellte, ist der Typus von M. flavicans durch Péron und

Lesueur gesammelt worden. Das Original, das ich im Pariser Museum unter-

suchte, ist ohne Zweifel dasselbe Exemplar, das auch der Beschreibung von

Meliphaga maculata Temm. als Grundlage gedient hatte. Der in ziemlich

schlechtem Erhaltungszustand befindliche Vogel stimmt nach Grösse und Färbung

mit den von Herrn C. Haniel mitgebrachten dd überein. Die Kennzeichnung

Vieillot’s lässt übrigens an Deutlichkeit nichts zu wünschen übrig und hätte zur

Identifizierung der Art genügen mussen, wenn nicht die falsche Fundortsangabe

“Nouvelle Hollande” irregeführt hätte. Jedenfalls stammt also der Typus von

AL. flavicans und M. maculata wie so manche andere von der Expedition Baudin

erbeutete Art nicht aus Australien, sondern aus Timor. Dem Prioritätsgesetz

zufolge muss dieser schöne Meliphagide mithin Stigmatops flavicans (Vieill.)

heissen. $

* Wie aus Péron’s zweibändigem Werke (siehe Avifauna von Timor, p. 2, Note 1) hervorgeht, wurde an

folgenden Lokalitäten gesammelt: in Südwestaustralien in der “ Terre de Leeuwin”; in Westaustralien

in der Gegend der Shark’s Bai; in Südaustralien im Nuyt’s Archipel, sowie um den St. Vincent und

Spencer Golf; in N.S. Wales bei Port Jackson (vor Sydney), endlich auf den Inseln King, Decrés und

Tasmania.

T A List of the Birds of Australia, 1913, p. 292.

t Philemon bucervides yorki Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec. i. No. 4, p. 102 (Sept. 1912.—Cape York,

Queensland).

$ Infolge eines unerklärlichen Missverständnisses behauptet Mathews (Austr. Av. Record, ii. No. 5,

Sept. 1914, p. 104), dass Melithreptus flavicans Vieill. = Meliphaga reticulata Temm. sei, während

Pucheran doch gerade seine Gleichartigkeit mit M. maculata nachgewiesen hatte !

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAH XXIII 1916. 103

p. 55 49. Dicaeum maugei maugei Less. statt

D. macklotii macklotii Temm.

Dieaeum Maugei Lesson, Traité d’Orn., livr. 4, p. 303 (Sept. 1830.—Timor, coll. Maugé ; descr. 9);

Pucheran, Rev. Zool, ix. 1846, p. 134-135 (erit.).

Dicagum Macklotii Temminck, Rec. Pl. Col., livr. 98, Text, ohne Tafel (1835.—Timor ; descr. ¢).

Der im Pariser Museum aufbewahrte Typus trägt die Bezeichnung:

“ No. 10423 Timor, par M. Mangé, Dicaeum

maugei Less. Type” . . 3 . Al. 52; cand. [defekt] ; rostr. 9 mm.

Das Stück befindet sich in sehr schlechtem Zustand. Vom Schwanze

ist nur mehr eine Feder vorhanden, der Unterschnabel fehlt vollständig. Die

obere Mandibel hat die ganze Hornscheide verloren und zeigt infolgedessen eine

blassgelbbraune Färbung, was Lesson zu der Angabe “bee aurore’’ verleitete.

Auf die Mangelhaftigkeit der Originalbeschreibung hat bereits Pucheran hin-

gewiesen, und es ist nicht zu verwundern, dass die Auflösung des D. maugei bisher

nicht gliickte. Pucheran, der eine ausreichende Kennzeichnung des Typus gab,

identifizierte ihn mit dem Weibehen von Nectarinia rubra-cana Temm.[= Dicaeum

flammeum (Sparrm.)|, die nur für die Inseln Java, Madura, Kangean und Bali

nachgewiesen ist. Mehrere Exemplare dieser Art aus Java unterscheiden sich

jedoch sehr auffallend durch viel schmaleren, apikalwärts viel stärker zusammen-

gedrückten Schnabel, kürzere Flügel und bedeutend hellere Oberteile. Dagegen

finde ich beim Typus von D. maugei eine vollständige Übereinstimmung in den

strukturellen Merkmalen, namentlich in der Form und Stärke des Schnabels

mit der von Herrn ©. B. Haniel mitgebrachten Serie des D. m. macklotii. Der

Typus ist ein Vogel in weiblichem Kleide, d. h. mit brauner (nicht glänzend

schwarzer) Oberseite, und hell scharlachrotem Biirzel. Die Federn des Scheitels

und Vorderrückens zeigen ungefähr dieselbe Nüance wie bei No. 143 (2) aus

Lelogama, sind nur etwas ausgebleicht ; die Unterseite ist reinweiss, mit

schwachem, graulichen Anflug an den Vorderbrustseiten, genau wie bei No. 143 ;

Achselfedern, Unterfügeldecken und Iunensaum der Schwingen reinweiss.

Backen-, Wangen-, und Ohrgegend sind fahlbraun (statt russgrau), auch der

Hinterkopf ist mit ähnlich gefärbten Federn bedeckt, von denen man einzelne

auch auf dem Mittelrücken bemerkt. Diese fahlbraunen Federn, welche Lesson

etwas übertrieben mit “roussätre” bezeichnet, sind augenscheinlich Reste

des Jugeudkleides. D. maugei ist ohne Zweifel auf einen jungen Vogel des

D. macklotii begründet und hat um mehrere Jahre die Priorität. Die Nomen-

klatur der Angehörigen dieses Formenkreises ist dementsprechend zu ändern in:

1. D. maugei maugei Less., Savu, Samau, Timor.

2. D. maugei neglectum Hart., Lombok.

3. D. maugei romae, Hart., Roma.

4. D. maugei salvadorii A. B. Meyer, Babber, Moa.

p- 64 62. Petrochelidon nigricans timoriensis Sharpe

Im Pariser Museum untersuchte ich das Original von Hirundo nigricans Vieill.

Es ist ein alter, ausgefärbter Vogel mit der Bezeichnung :

“ Asie australe, Timor. Exped. Baudin, M. Maug£,

an 11. No. 11007, Petrochelidon nigricans

Vieill. Type” and misst . 5 & . AI. 106; ¢ 54; rostr. 64 mm.*

* Auf den Typus bezieht sich auch die Stelle: Wirundo nigrieans Lesson, Traite d’Orn., livr. 4,

Sept. 1830, p. 270 (“ Timor”; errore).

104 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916,

Verglichen mit unserem Exemplar aus Lelogama unterscheidet er sich durch

viel längere Flügel, merklich grösseren Schnabel, reinweisse Unterschwanzdecken

(nicht graubraun im Zentrum) und viel blasser braune (statt schwarzbraune)

Striche auf Kehle und Gurgel, die nicht über die Brust ausgedehnt sind. Dagegen

stimmt der Vogel mit mehreren Bälgen aus New South Wales durchaus überein ;

er stammt also ohne Zweifel aus Australien, nicht ans Timor.

Der Speciesname nigricans ist demnach für die australische Festlandsform

beizubehalten.

p- 65. 65. Collocalia fuciphaga micans Stres. statt

C. fuciphaga (Thunb.) subsp.

Collocalia fuciphaga micans Stresemann, Verhandl. Orn. Ges. Bayern, xii. 1, p. 6 (1914.—Savu).

Stresemann hat die von mir als “ ©. fuciphaga (Thunb.) subsp.” aufgeführte

Salangane neuerdings unter obigem Namen abgetrennt. Von der auf Java und

Sumatra heimischen, typischen Form weicht sie durch hellere, silberig über-

lanfene Unterseite, lichtere Ohrdecken und geringere Grösse ab. Ihre Verbreitung

erstreckt sich über die Inseln Sumba, Savu, Timor und Celebes.

p. 103 120. Poliolimnas cinerea (Vieill.) subsp.

Nach Stresemann * dürften die Timor-Vögel zu der australischen Form

P. cinerea leucophrys (Gould) gehören. Immerhin erscheint eine sorgfältige

Nachprüfung der im British Museum befindlichen Exemplare angebracht, ehe die

Frage als endgültig geklärt betrachtet werden kann.

p. 110 Hinzuzufügen

141. Sula dactylatra personata Gould.

[Sula dactylatra Lesson, Traité d’Orn. p. 601 (1831.— Ascension). ]

Sula personata Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. xiv. p. 21 (Mai 1846—‘‘ North and North-east Coast

of Australia”) ; Cabanis & Reichenow, Journ. f. Ornith. xxiv. 1876, p. 329 (Timor).

Ein alter und ein junger Vogel wurden von Dr. Hiisker auf der Reise der

Gazelle an der Kiiste von Timor gesammelt. Obwol es sich bei dieser Art um

einen ausgesprochenen Meeresbewoliner handelt, wollte ich sie der Vollständigkeit

halber doch nicht unerwähnt lassen.

NACHTRÄGE ZUM VERZEICHNIS DER IRRTUMLICH FUR TIMOR

ANGEGEBENEN VOGELARTEN.

Die in den nachstehenden Zeilen besprochenen Arten stammen zum grössten

Teile von der Expedition Baudin. Die Originale dazu befinden sich im Pariser

Museum. Einige in anderen Schriften verzeichnete Formen habe ich gleichfalls

kurz berücksichtigt. Es ist möglich, dass mir noch die eine oder andere Angabe

in der Literatur entgangen sein möchte, doch dürften diese Auslassungen nicht

sehr zahlreich sein.

* Nov. Zool. xxi. 1914, p. 54.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICA XXIII. 1916. 105

Acanthiza pusilla pusilla (Vieill.)

Motacilla pusilla White, Journ. Voyage New South Wales, p. 257 (1790—N. S. Wales).

Malurus maculatus Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. xx. p. 215 (1818.—“ Nouvelle Hollande’’) ; idem, Tabl.

enc. méth., Ornith. i. 1820, p. 495 (type au “Museum d'Histoire Naturelle”) ; Pucheran, Rev.

Mag. Zool. (2) x. 1858, p. 466 (crit., = Saxicola macularia, Quoy & Gaim. ; Fundort: Timor

(Maugé) richtig gestellt).

Das Original von M. maculatus im Pariser Museum trägt, laut Pucheran, die

irrtümliche Fundortsbezeichnung “ Timor (Maug£),” obwol Vieillot beidemale

richtig “ Nouvelle Hollande” angab. Wie in so vielen anderen Fällen ist auch bei

diesem von der Expedition Baudin stammenden Vogel das Habitat verwechselt

worden.

Pucheran (l.c.) identifizierte MW. maculatus mit Saxicola macularia Quoy &

Gaim.,* wogegen Mathews f den Namen als Synonym von A. p. pusilla betrachtet,

eine Auffassung, der wir uns umso eher anschliessen möchten, als der Typus aller

Wahrscheiniichkeit nach aus Neu Süd Wales (Gegend von Port Jackson bei

Sydney) gekommen sein dürfte, wo nur A. p. pusilla lebt.

Jedenfalls aber ist die Art aus der Fauna Timors zu streichen.

Petroica cucullata cucullata (Lath.)

Muscicapa cucullata Latham, Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. li (1801.—ex “ Hooded Flycatcher,” Latham,

Gen. Syn. Suppl. ii. p. 223: New South Wales).

Gnanthe pectoralis Vieillot, Nouv. Dict, xxi. p. 436 (1818.—“ Timor”).

Petroica bicolor (Vig. & Horsf.) 1826.

Der im Pariser Museum aufbewahrte Typus der Vieillot’schen Art trägt die

Aufschrift: “115. Petroeca pectoralis Vieill., Exped. Baudin, Timor.” Auf dem

Postament finden wir die Notiz: “ Australie (Timor). Le Naturaliste, Expéd.

Baudin, an 11, par Maneé, P. pectoralis Vieill. Type, No. 8988.”

Es ist ein altes d der P. bicolor auct., wie bereits der verstorbene E. Oustalet

erkannt hatte, und misst: al 97; caud. 70; rostr. 13 mm. Der Vogel stimmt in

Grösse und Färbung mit zwei dd ad. aus Südaustralien überein. Namentlich

zeigt der weisse Saum auf der Aussenfahne des seitlichen Steuerfedernpaares

dieselbe geringe Ausdehnung, indem er nur um 8-9 mm. über das Vorderende der

weissen Schwanzbasis hinausragt, während er bei der nahe verwandten P. cucullata

picata (Gould) bis an die Spitze der Aussenfahne reicht. Dem Typus, der in etwas

abgetragenem Kleide steht, fehlt der feine, weisse Spitzensaum an den Steuerfedern,

welcher bei den zwei anderen Exemplaren gut ausgeprägt ist.

Das Original von O. pectoralis ist also jedenfalls australischer Herkunft, und die

Angabe “ Timor” dürfte auf einer späteren Fundortsverwechslung beruhen. Bei

Mathews, § der die Art Melanodryas cucullata (Lath.) nennt, fehlt das Synonym

pectoralis Vieill. Aus der Avifauna Timor’s ist Petroica e. cucullata mithin zu

streichen.

* Voyage de l Astrolabe, Zoologie, i. p. 199, tab. 10 fig. 3 (1830—‘‘le port Western, a la Nouvelle

Hollande” = Western Port, Victoria).

1 A List of the Birds of Australia, 1913, p, 213.

{ Ihre Flügellänge beträgt 92, 97, die Schwanzlänge 66, 72 mm.

§ List of Birds of Australia, 1913, p. 169.

106 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

Rhipidura tricolor tricolor (Vieill.)

Muscicapa tricolor Vieillot, Now. Dict. xxi. p. 490 (1818.—“ Timor” * errore! patr. subst.

Sydney, N. S. Wales ; cfr. Stresemann, Nov. Zool. xxi. 1914, p. 130).

Der Typus des Pariser Museums trägt auf der Etikette den Vermerk:

“Timor, Expedition Baudin, an 11, Rhipidura

tricolor (Vieill.). Type”. 0 6 . Al. 100; cand. 102 ; rostr. 18 mm.

Ich habe ihn gemeinsam mit Herrn E. Stresemann sorgfältig verglichen, und

mit Stücken aus New South Wales übereinstimmend gefunden. Stresemann (l.c.)

hat über den Befund bereits berichtet, so dass ich darauf weiter nicht einzugehen

brauche. Auch in diesem Falle unterliegt es keinem Zweifel, dass das Original aus

Australien, und nicht aus Timor stammt. RA. ¢. tricolor ist somit aus der Avifauna

der Insel zu eliminieren,

Philentoma velatum (Temm.)

Drymophila velata Temminck, Rec. Pl. Col., livr. 56, tab. 334 (1825.—“ dans l’ile de Timor . . . et

dans celle de Java”).

Es ist ohne Zweifel irrtümlich, wenn Temminck in der Originalbeschreibung

behauptet : “on trouve cette espece dans Vile de Timor.” Vielmehr ist diese Art

in neuerer Zeit nur im südlichen Teile der Malakka Halbinsel, sowie auf den Inseln

Sumatra, Java, Borneo, ete., festgestellt worden. Aus der Fauna Timor’s ist sie zu

streichen.

Myiagra cyanoleuca (Vieill.)

Platyrhynchos cyanoleucus Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. xxvii. p. 11 (1818.— Timor, coll. Maugé,” Muséum

d’Hist. Nat. Paris; descr. ¢ 9?) ; Pucheran, Arch. Mus. Paris, vii, p. 358 (crit.).

Myiagra nitida Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. v. 1837, p. 142 (Dec. 1838.—“ in Nové Cambria

Australi et terra Van Diemen”),

Wie Pucheran ausgeführt hat, gehören die zwei im Pariser Museum auf-

bewahrten Originale von P. cyanoleucus zu der von Gould später als M. nitida

beschriebenen Art, welche somit den älteren Speciesnamen Vieillot’s zu tragen hat.

Die Angabe, dass die Typen aus Timor stammen, ist irrtümlich, da dieser Fliegen-

fänger auf der Insel gar nicht vorkommt. Vermutlich wurden sie in der Gegend

von Port Jackson (bei Sydney), wo das Expeditionsschiff Le Naturaliste vom

20. Juni bis 18. November 1802 vor Anker lag, erbeutet und erst später in Paris

mit der unrichtigen Bezeichnung “ Timor” versehen.

Aus der Fauna Timor’s ist IZ eyanoleuca zu streichen,

Eopsaltria australis australis (White)

Motacilla australis White, Journal Voy. New South Wales, p. 239 (1790.—New South Wales).

Museicapa griseicapilla Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. xxi. p. 489 (1818.—“ Timor,” errore!); Pucheran, .

Arch. Mus. Paris, vii. 1855, p. 356 (erit.).

Das Pariser Museum besitzt einen Vogel mit der Btikettierung :

“Australie, M. Maugé, an 11, No. 193.

Eopsaltria australis Lath.—No. 9478” . Al. 87; caud. 71; rostr. 133 mm.

* Im Citat dieser Biicherstelle gibt Mathews (List of Birds of Australia, 1913, p. 187) als terra

typica einfach “New South Wales” an. Gegen diese Art des Citierens muss man denn doch energischen

Protest einlegen.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 107

Er entspricht sehr gut der Beschreibung Vieillot’s und ist ohne Zweifel das

Original zu Muscicapa griseicapilla Vieill. Pucheran hatte diese Art zuerst * mit

Eopsaltria gularis (Quoy & Gaim.) +, aus Westaustralien, identifiziert, korrigirte

aber drei Jahre später t diese anfängliche Bestimmung, indem er M. griseicapilla

auf Hopsaltria australis bezog, E. gularis hingegen für eine verschiedene Art

erklärte und ihre Gleichartigkeit mit Hopsaltria griseogularis Gould § hervorhob. ||

Nach eingehender Untersuchung des Typus mit Exemplaren dieses Wiirgers

auf verschiedenen Teilen Australiens bin ich zu dem Resultat gekommen, dass

Pucheran’s spätere Deutung durchaus richtig, und der Typus von M. griseicapilla

ein d ad. der in der Gegend von Sydney, N. S. Wales heimischen Form, d. h. gleich-

bedeutend mit LZ. a. australis ist. Der Typus stimmt mit einem Exemplar in der

Sammlung Boucard aus dem östlichen Australien, coll. Waller, vollständig überein.

Bei beiden sind Backen und Ohrgegend ausgesprochen aschgrau, die Obersch wanz-

decken wie der Bürzel matt gelblichgrün.

Sieben Bälge aus Queensland, die augenscheinlich zu EH. australis chrysorrhos

Gould { gehören, unterscheiden sich sehr auffallend durch weissliche Kopfseiten und

lebhaft safrangelbe Oberschwanzdecken, die sich scharf von dem matten Olivengriin

des Hinterrückens abheben.

Auch bei M. griseicapilla liegt zweifellos eine falsche Fundortsangabe vor.

Der Typus kam sicher nicht aus Timor, sondern wol aus Port Jackson bei Sydney,

wo die Corvette Le Naturaliste längeren Aufenthalt nahm.

Aus der Fauna Timor’s ist Hopsaltria a. australis zu streichen.

Lalage aurea (l'emm.)

Ceblephyris aurea Temminck, Rec. Pl. Col., livr. 64, tab. 382, fig. 2 (Dec. 1825.—“Vile de Timor,”

coll. Reinwardt).

Temminck beschrieb die Art nach zwei männlichen Exemplaren, die Reinwardt

angeblich in den Gebirgen von Timor gesammelt hatte. Hartert ** wies bereits auf

das Irrtümliche dieser Angabe hin. Z. aurea ist lediglich ein Bewohner der

Molukken (Batjan, Gilolo, Ternate, ete.).

Aus der Fauna von Timor ist sie zu eliminieren.

Climacteris picumnus Temm.

Climacteris picumnus Temminck, Rec. Pl. Col., livr. 47, tab. 281, fig. 1 (1824—“& Timor, & Celebes

et la cote septentrionale de la Nouvelle Hollande”).

Temminck’s Angabe, dass diese Art auch auf Timor vorkomme, entbehrt jeglicher

Grundlage. Sie lebt ausschliesslich in Australien. Mathews unterscheidet drei

geographische Formen, die indessen nur unscharf gekennzeichnet zu sein scheinen.

* Arch. Mus. Paris, vii, p. 356.

+ Muscicapa gularis Quoy et Gaimard, Voyage de l’Astrolobe, Zool. i. p. 176, tab. 4, fig. 1 (1530.—

“port du Roi-Georges,” West Australien).

£ Rev. Mag. Zool. (2) x, 1858, p. 469.

§ Syn. Birds Austr., Part iv. App., p. 2 (1838.—Swan River, West Australia).

| Diese Richtigstellung Pucheran’s scheint Mathews vollständig entgangen zu sein. Sonst hätte er

unmöglich (siehe Austr. Av. Ree. ii. No. 5, p. 94) den Namen griseicapilla Vieill. an Stelle von Z. griseo-

gularis in Vorschlag bringen können !

{| Eopsaltria chrysorrhos Gould, Ann. Mag. N. H. (4) iv. p. 109 (1369. —“ eastern part of N.S. Wales

and the southern portion of Queensland ”).

** Nov. Zool. x. 1903, p, 54.

108 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

Artamus cyanopterus (Lath.)

Loxia eyanoptera Latham, Ind. Ornith., Suppl., p. xlvi (1801.—“ in Novä Wallia Australi ”).

Ocypterus albo-vittatus Valenciennes, Mem. Mus. d’Hist. Nat. vi. p. 23, tab. 8, fig. 1 (ad.) 2 (juv.)

(1820.—‘a Timor d’oü elle a été rapportée au Muséum par M. Mauge ”).*

Artamus sordidus Hartert, Kat. Vogels. Mus. Senckenb. Ges. Frankfurt, p. 78 (Timor).

Die Heimatsangabe “ Timor” für O. albo-vittatus Val. ist natürlich ebenso

sicher auf einen Irrtum zurückzuführen wie bei so vielen anderen von der Expe-

dition Baudin herstammenden Exemplaren. _ Sie wurde übrigens schon von

Lesson f in “la Nouvelle-Galles du Sud” korrigirt. Die Zuverlässigkeit des

Fundortes an dem im Frankfurter Museum aufbewahrten Stücke hat Hartert

selbst bereits angezweifelt.

A. cyanopterus bewohnt nur das östliche und südwestliche Australien.

Aus der Avifauna Timors ist die Art zu streichen.

Oriolus sagittatus sagittatus (Lath.)

Coracias Sagittata Latham, Ind. Orn, Suppl., p. xxvi (1801.—“ in Nova Wallia Australi.”’)

Oriolus variegatus (nec Bechstein 1811) Vieillot, Nowy. Dict. xviii. p. 195 (1817.—“ Nouvelle

Hollande”); Lesson, Traité d’Orn. p. 405 (‘‘ Timor, Maugé”); Pucheran, Arch. Mus. Paris, vii.

p. 339 (crit., ‘* Timor’').

Vieillot’s Beschreibung geht ohne Zweifel auf die australische Art, wie schon

Pucheran (l.c.) durch Nachprüfen der Typen festgestellt hat. Die Heimatsangabe

“Timor”an den zwei Exemplaren des Pariser Museums beruht sicher auf einer

Fundortsverwechselung. Auf Timor kommt nur Oriolus viridifuscus vor.

Certhionyx variegatus Less.

Certhionyx variegatus Lesson, Traité d’Orn. livr. 4, p. 306 (Sept. 1830.—* Timor (Lesueur) ”—

errore !); Pucheran, Rev. Mag. Zool. (2) v. 1853. p. 488 (erit.).

Der im Pariser Museum befindliche, von Lesueur angeblich auf Timor

gesammelte Typus stimmt in jeder Hinsicht mit Stücken aus Südwestaustralien

überein. Wie schon Pucheran nachgewiesen hat, ist OC. variegatus gleich-

bedeutend mit Melicophila picata Gould, einer Art, die nur die westlichen

Teile des australischen Kontinents bewohnt. Die Fundortsangabe “ Timor” hat

zweifellos in einer Btikettenverwechslung ihren Ursprung.

©. variegatus ist aus der Avifauna Timors zu streichen.

Cinnyris leucogaster Vieill.

Cinnyris leucogaster Vieillot, Nouv. Dict, xxxi. p. 514 (1819.—“ Timor, ot l’a trouvé le naturaliste

Maugé,’—errore !)

Cinnyris thoracicus Lesson, Traité d’Orn., livr. 4. p. 297 (Sept. 1830.—‘ Timor (Maugé),”—

errore !)

Der Typus im Pariser Museum ist folgendermassen bezeichnet :

“Timor [ausgestrichen], par M. Mauge. Cinnyris

leucogaster Vieill. Type, ©. thoracicus Less.

Type. Afrique d ad. No. 10532 ” ‘ : . Al. 50; cand. 34; r. 15 mm.

* Mathews (A List of the Birds of Australia, 1913, p. 236) gibt für Ocypterus albo-vittatus Val. als

Heimat “ New South Wales ” an, scheint die Originalbeschreibung also nicht gelesen zu haben |!

t Traite d’Ornith. p. 371, tab. 44, fig. 2.

+ Birds of Australia iv., tab. 49 (1844.—“ from South Australia and from Swan River ”).

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 109

Dies ist in der Tat eine afrikanische Cinnyris-art. Wie. Pucheran * ausgeführt

hat, beruhen C. leucogaster und C. thoracicus auf einem und demselben Exemplar,

obwol die Beschreibungen in mehreren Punkten von einander abweichen. Während

Vieillot die Färbung der Brust als “bleu d’acier poli,” die des Abdomens als

“blanc” bezeichnet, heisst es bei Lesson “ceinture rouge,f puis noire, deux

taches jaune d’or, bas-ventre grisätre, le milieu jaune clair.” Das Original

entspricht übrigens im Wesentlichen der Kennzeichnung im ‘Nouveau Diction-

naire,’ nur hat Vieillot (dessen Diagnosen ja bekanntermassen häufig recht

ungenau sind) die Achselbüschel ignoriert, ferner vergessen zu erwähnen, dass der

Vorderscheitel (bis oberhalb der Augenmitte) metallisch violettblau gefärbt ist.

Die Angabe “ventre blanc” ist gleichfalls irreführend, der Bauch ist nur

ausgebleicht und war, wie man noch an den hie und da sichtbaren Resten sehen

kaun, ursprünglich blassgelb.

Bisher hat man (cfr. Reichenow, Vögel Afrikas iii. p. 471) C. leucogaster

und ©. thoracicus mit Cinnyris talatala A. Smith f identifiziert. Dies ist nicht

zutreffend, denn der Typus gehört unzweifelhaft zu C. venusta (Shaw & Nodder)

1799, und stimmt sehr gut mit einem d ad. aus Cap Vert, Sénégal, coll. Léon

Laglaize, im Pariser Museum bis auf einige durch Verbleichen erklärliche

Abweichungen überein.

Die seitlichen Brustbüschel sind orangerot (nicht blassgelb wie bei C. talatala),

der Vorderscheitel ist violettblau, scharf abgesetzt gegen das Metallischgrün

des Rückens (während bei ©, talatala Stirn, Scheitel und Rücken gleichmässig

goldiggrün erseheinen), u.s.w.

Beide oben angeführte Namen werden also Synonyme von C. venusta,

wogegen der südalrikanischen, bisher ©. leucogaster genannten Art die Bezeichnung

C. talatala zukommt.

Die Fundortsangabe Timor ist natürlich auf eine nachträgliche Etiketten-

verwechslung zurückzuführen.

Munia maja (Linn.)

“ Loxia maja Gm.’ Lesson, T'raite d’Orn. p. 445 (“ de Java, de Timor ”).

Dieser Weberfink kommt in Timor nicht vor. Seine Heimat sind die Inseln

Sumatra, Java, Bali und das Festland von Malakka.

Motacilla flavescens Steph.

Motacilla flavescens Stephens, in Shaw, Gen. Zool. 10. ii. p. 559 (1817.—ex Latham et Montbeillard :

Timor).

Dieser Name, der vielfach als Synonym von M. flava flava Linn. betrachtet

wurde, lässt sich, wie Hartert $ auseinandergesetzt hat, nicht mit völliger Sicherheit

deuten, obwol er sich möglicherweise auf M. flava taivana (Swinh.) beziehen

könnte. Wallace erbeutete auf Timor die in Kamtschatka brütende IZ. f. sömillima

Hart. ||

* Rev. Mag. Zool, (2) v., 1853, p. 487-8.

t Ein übertriebener Ausdruck fiir den rötlichvioletten Kropf von C. venusta !

{ Report Exp. Expl. Central Africa, p. 53 (1836.— the country between the Orange River and

Kurrichaine”).

§ Vög. palaarkt, Fauna, i. p. 293.

|| Siehe Hellmayr, Avifauna von Timor, p. 63.

110 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

Cuculus pallidus pallidus (Lath.).

Columba pallida Latham, Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. 1x (1801.—“ in Nova Hollandia ”).

Cuculus variegatus (nee Scopoli 1786) Vieillot, Nouv. Dict, viii. p. 224 (1817.—“ l’Australasie ”’) ;

Pucheran, Rev. Mag. Zool. (2) iv. 1852. p. 556 (erit.: “deux spécimens indiqués comme

originaires de Timor (Maug£) "—).

Im Pariser Museum stehen zwei Exemplare, etikettiert wie folgt :

(1) Adult: “Timor, M. Mauge. No. 1954. —

Cac, pallidus Lath. C. variegatus Vieill.

Type.” : : 5 P : Al. 190; caud. 160; rostr. 23 mm.

(2) Juv.: “No. 1956. Timor, M. Mauge.

Cac. pallidus Lath.” e : 5 . Al.184 ; caud. 170; r. [defekt] mm.

Das erstgenannte Stück, im ausgefärbten Alterskleid, entspricht in jeder

Hinsicht australischen Bälgen in Boucard’s Sammlung. No. 2 ist ein junger

Vogel im gefleckten Kleide. Es scheint mehr als zweifelhaft, ob diese Kuckucks-

art jemals ausserhalb Australiens vorgekommen ist. Vieillot gab ursprünglich

“ Australie” als Heimat an. Für ihr Vorkommen auf Timor steht jedenfalls

der Beweis aus.

Cuculus sonneratii Lath.

Shelley, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. xix. 1891, p. 255 (sp. d?: Imm., Timor).

Der junge Vogel aus der Collection Tweeddale im British Museum trägt chne

Zweifel eine falsche Fundortsangabe, vorausgesetzt dass er nicht zu einer anderen

Art gehört. Junge Stücke der östlichen Kuckucksarten sind ja nicht immer mit

Sicherheit zu identifizieren.

Alcedo coerulescens (Vieill.)

Alcedo coerulescens Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. xix, p. 401 (1818.—“ dans Vile de Timor’); idem. Tabl.

enc, meth. Ornith., livr. 89, p. 394 (1820.—“ dans l’ile de Timor, et fait partie de la collection du

Muséum d’Hist. Nat.”); Pucheran, Rev. Mag. Zool. (2) v. 1853, p. 389 (crit. ; Alcedo birt

Horsf. 1821).

Alcedo beryllina Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. xix, p. 414 (1818.—Java).

Auch diese Hisvogel-art kommt auf Timor nicht vor. Ihre Heimat sind die

Inseln Java, Kangean, Bali und Lombok. Vieillot’s Angabe beruht ohne Zweifel

auf Irrtum.

Bezüglich der Nomenclatur dieser Art vgl. Laubmann, Ornith. Monatsber. 24,

1916, pp. 6-7.

Alcyone azurea azurea (Lath.)

Alcedo azurea Latham, Ind. Orn. Suppl., p. xxxii (1801.—“in insula Norfolk, Maris Pacifici” *,—

errore !)

Ceyx cyanea Lesson, Traite d’Ornith., livr. 4, p. 241 (Sept. 1830.—“ Timor (Maugé) ”—errore !)

Wie in so vielen anderen Fällen ist auch bei diesem von den Naturforschern

der Expedition Baudin heimgebrachten Exemplar nachträglich der Fundort

verwechselt worden. A. a. azurea kommt nicht in Timor, sondern nur in den

östlichen Teilen des australischen Kontinents vor.

* Nicht “New South Wales,” wie Mathews (Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 285 und List Birds Austr. 1913, p. 145)

irrtiimlich angibt !

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. ul

Eutelipsitta chlorolepidota (Kuhl)

Psittacus chlorolepidotus Kuhl, Nov. Act. Phys.-med. Acad. Caes. Leop. Carol. 10, i. p. 48 (1820.—

“Nova Hollandia”).

Australasia viridis Lesson, Traité d’Orn., livr. 3, p. 210 (Juli 1830.—“ Timor (?)”) ; Pucheran,

Rev. Mag. Zool. (2), v. 1853, p. 159 (erit.).

Pucheran (l.e.) hat ausgeführt, dass der Typus keineswegs aus Timor stammt,

sondern von Quoy und Gaimard gelegentlich der Reise der Uranie in Australien

(“ Nouvelle Hollande”) erbentet wurde. Ich habe ihn eleichfalls untersucht und

fand Pucheran’s Identifizierung mit 4. chlorolepidota durchaus zutreffend.

E. chlorolepidota ist aus der Fauna Timors zu streichen.

Geopelia cuneata (Lath.)

Cabanis & Reichenow, Journ. f. Orn. xxiv. 1876, p. 325 (“ Timor”),

Das von der Reise der Gazelle stammende, in Weingeist conservierte Exemplar

war zweifellos falsch etikettiert, wenn nicht etwa ein Bestimmungsfehler vorliegt.

@. cuneata bewohnt nur Australien.

Phalacrocorax fuscescens (Vieill.)

Hydrocorax fuscescens Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. viii. p. 86 (1817.—“ V’Australasie”) ; Pucheran, Rev.

Mag. Zool. (2) ii. 1850, p. 625 (erit. ; der Typus soll vou Péron und Lesueur in Timor

gesammelt worden sein).

Der Typus, ein Vogel im Jugendkleid, ist irrtümlich als aus Timor stammend

etikettiert worden. Pucheran hatte ihn mit dem neuseeläudischen Phalacrocorax

varius (Gm.) identifiziert, worin ihm alle späteren Autoren folgten. Mathews *

hat jedoch überzeugend nachgewiesen, dass es sich um einen jungen Vogel der

von Salvadori später als P. gouldi f beschriebenen Form handelt, welche Teile

Australiens und Tasınaniens bewohnt.

P. fuscescens hat aus der Liste der Vögel Timors auszuscheiden.

* Austral Avian Record, ii. No. 1, 1913, pp. 6, 7.

j Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xxvi. p. 396 (1898.—Neu Süd Wales, Tasmania).

WIZ NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

ERRORS IN QUOTATIONS.

By ERNST HARTERT, Pı.D.

T is the habit of ornithological writers to adorn their articles with lists of

synonyms and quotations. If these quotations are looked up in the original

works, and the descriptions read, considered and yerified, then, of course, this

is very useful; but if they are copied from other works this should be stated.

This being neglected, they serve no other purpose than to make an article appear

more scientific and Jearned, and thus to throw sand into the eyes of the readers.

The work from which most quotations are copied without verification is the

Catalogue of Birds, while African students seem to copy from Reichenow’s Vögel

Afrikas. Neither of these works is, of course, free from errors, and thus mistakes

are continually perpetrated and will never cease.

Sharpe’s volumes of the Cat. B. are perhaps better compiled, and contain less

numerous wrong quotations than most of the other volumes ; but in vol. xxiv. they

are, curious to say, very frequent indeed.

Merely to show the danger of copying these quotations without verification,

I will mention some I came across incidentally when compiling the synonymies for

the forthcoming part of my Vög. d. pal. Fauna. 1 hope it will be a warning to

some ornithologists, though many will not read these notes, and will continue

to copy the wrong quotations. That is the drawback of great fundamental works

like the Catalogue of Birds, that they are accepted like a gospel, without criticism.

1. “ Charadrius aegyptius L.’—Every student of African ornithology knows

that this is the name given by Linné to the “ Crocodile bird,” now called Pluxianus

aegyptius. Thus it has been correctly quoted by Sharpe in Cat. B, Brit. Mus.

xxiv. p. 32. By an inexplicable mistake, however, it occurs again, t.c. p. 257, with

the same quotation, as a synonym of “ Aegialitis hiaticula,” the Ringed Plover,

though Linne’s diagnosis and quotations clearly show that it refers only to the

Pluvianus. This double quotation of the same name has also passed into

Reichenow’s Vög. Afrikas, where we find it on pages 150 and 174.

2. Under Aegialitis alexandrina is quoted, p. 277, as a synonym, ‘ Charadrius

cantianus minor, but Seebohm called it ©. c. minutus; the latter is a distinct sub-

species, now called C. alexandrinus seebohmi Hart. & Jacks. (cf. Ibis, 1915, p. 529).

3. Under Himantopus himantopus we find, p. 311, the quotation: Himantopus

rufipes Bechst., Naturg. Deutschl. iii. p. 466 (1809), and the same is repeated in

Reichenow’s Vög. Afr. i. p. 207. This quotation, however, is incorrect. The page

is 446 in any case, and the correct quotation is Gemeinn. Naturg. Deutschl. iv.

p. 446. Some copies of this volume, it is true, have a second title-page which

reads: Gemeinnützige Naturgeschichte der Vög. Deutschl. . . . Dritter und letzter

Band. Therefore one can, instead of Gemeinn. Naturg. Deutschl. iv. also quote

Gemeinn. Naturg. Vög. Deutschl. ii., but never Gem. Nat. Deutschl. iii. This error

occurs in many instances in the Cat. B. Brit. Mus., but not constantly, both titles

being quoted in vol. xxiv., also copied by Reichenow.

4. The curious sickle-billed bird from Central Asia is, in the Cat. B. Brit. Mus.,

and all modern works which I have consulted, called Jé¢dorhynchus, and it is quoted

thus as named by Vigors, who, however, called it Zé¢dorhyncha. If authors consider

themselves justified in altering the gender, they should in any case quote correctly.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. ita

5. The quotations from Bechstein under Calédris arenaria, p. 526, are

incorrect. Instead of Arenaria vulgaris, Orn. Taschenb., p. 464A, it should be

462, and it is better to add “vol. ii.” Instead of Arenaria grisea Bechst., Naturg.

Deutschl. iüi., it should be iv. (see above).

Calidris tringoides Vieillot, Gal. Ois. p. 95, appears in vol. ii., not vol. iii.

as quoted by Sharpe—and Reichenow.

6. Under Limonites minutilla we find Tringa nana Lichtenstein, and “ Tringa

georgica” ; the former should be Pelidna nana, while the latter does not appear at

all in the page and work quoted.

; 7. Under Limonites damacensis we find “ Tringa damacensis Taczanowski nec

Horsf.” This happens to be correct, as Horsfield’s damacensis is not Middendorff’s

subminuta, and not the bird described by Sharpe, l.c.; but since the latter accepted

the name damacensis, the words “ nec Horsf.” are senseless.

8. Under Ancylochilus subarguatus (p. 586) the following corrections must be

made: Scolopax subarguata appears in Gmelin’s work on page 658, not 568.

Latham’s “ Cape Curlew ” is found in the Gen. Syn. iil. 1, p. 126, not vol. i.

9. Under Tringa canutus (p. 593) we find “ Tringa cinerea nec Linn.,” but

Linné never described a Tringa cinerea, as far as Lam able to find out. Tringa

australis should in my opinion not be quoted as a synonym of 7. canutus, as the

description of the tail does not agree, the latter not being of the same colour as

the wings. er

10. The first quotation of Pelidna schinzii Brehm is not “ Vög. Deutschl.’

1831, but “ Beiträge zur Vögelkunde,”, p. 355, 1822 !

11. Numenius pusillus Bechstein, Gemeinn. Naturg. Deutschl. iv. p. 152,

appears twice, on p. 586 as a synonym of Ancylochilus subarquatus, and on

p. 612 as a synonym of Limicola platyrhyncha. There is no doubt that Bechstein

did not understand very well all the plumages of the various Sandpipers, etc., and

on p. 153 he says himself that in his Orn. Taschenb. he mixed N. pusillus up

with “ Numenius pygmeus ” of p. 148, which is Erolia alpina, though the quotations

refer to E. ferruginea! (Latham’s “ Numenius pygmaeus” is certainly E. ferru-

ginea, being based on his “ Pygmy Curlew.”)

The description of Bechstein’s Numenius pusillus—mark among others the first

words “ Der breitgedrückte Schnabel ”—refers to the Limicola platyrhyncha auct.,

and the figure which he quotes, 7.e. Joh. Andr. Naumann’s Tab. x., Nachträge,

depicts that species beautifully, and by no means Hrolia ferruginea. Bechstein

also says that the same kind was meant by his figure in the Orn. Taschend. ii.

pl. 21; and for that we have to accept his statement, as the plate is not at all good,

and quite discoloured, the white having become pinkish brown-grey, in consequence

of lead being used in its manufacture.

The name N. pusillus must therefore be quoted under the “ Broad-billed

Sandpiper,” and not under the “ Curlew Sandpiper.” In fact it would have the

priority, according to the Code by which the nomenclature in the Cat. B. Brit.

Mus. was regulated. It is true that Sharpe added “nee Linn.,” but the name

Numenius pusillus does not occur in the works of Linnaeus! The still earlier

name Numenius pygmaeus Bechstein, Orn. Taschenb. ii. p. 277, pl. 21 (1802) is,

as I have said above, partially referable to Limécola ; and Bechstein, in 1809, tells

us that his figure was meant for the latter, but the description suits Hrolia alpina

best. This name is antedated by Numenius pygmaeus Latham, as correctly stated

by Sharpe, who, nevertheless, failed to quote the latter! Numenius Pygmaeus

114 NovITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

’

Latham, Gen. Synops. B., Suppl. i. p. 291 (1787) is based on the “ Pygmy Curlew,’

Gen. Synops. B. i. p. 127, and is undoubtedly the Curlew Sandpiper.

The oldest name of the Broad-billed Sandpiper is Pontoppidan’s Scolopax

falcinellus, Dauske Atlas, p. 623, 1763 (and pl. xxvi. 4). The description is very

short, but may be considered as diagnostic ; moreover, the species was described

in detail under the same name in 1764 by Briinnich. We must therefore call

the species Limicola falcinellus. In Reichenow’s Vög. Afr. i. p. 231, the name

Numenius pusillus appears also wrongly under “ Tringa subarquata.”

12. Under “ Totanus fuscus” (now Tringa erythropus), p. 409, is quoted as

a synonym, “ Scolopax atra Sander, Naturf. xiii. p. 193 (1779).” Sander, however,

gave no name to the bird, but only describes the black plumage. Reichenow,

p. 219, also quotes Scolopax atra Sander.

13. Under “ Totanus calidris” (now Tringa totanus), p. 417, is quoted Totanus

meridionalis, Brehm, Naumannia 1855, p. 292; the name is there a nomen nudum,

while in Vogelfang, p. 312, 1855, a regular description is given ; the “ Vogelfang”

therefore should be quoted instead of “ Naumannia 1855,” or both.

14. On pp. 424 and 484 is quoted: “ Limosa horsfieldii Sykes, P.Z.S. 1832,

p. 163,” as synonymous with “ Totanus stagnatilis, and “ Glottis nebularius.”

Both cannot, of course, be correct The description shows clearly that the bird is

the former, Totanus (now Tringa) stagnatilis, moreover the type is in the British

Museum, and mentioned by Sharpe on p. 426. The quotation is somewhat loose,

and should be “ Proc. Committee Zool. Soc. London, Part IL. p. 163, 1833,”

15. Under “ Glottis nebularius” is correctly quoted Scolopax glottis Latham,

1787, but it must be added “nec Linnaeus!”’ On p. 484 is quoted Totanus griseus,

Bechstein, Gem. Naturg. Deutschl. iv. p. 249, but the page is 231 ; the same mishap

has occurred to Reichenow, Vög. Afr. i. p. 217.

16. On p. 461, under “ Tringoides hypoleucus” is quoted as a synonym:

“ Actitis stagnalis (nec Gray), Brehm, Vög. Deutschl. p. 649”; it should, however,

read: Actitis stagnatilis (nec Bechstein), Brehm, Handb. Naturg. Vog. Deutschl.

p. 649. :

17. Under Numenius borealis are at least two misprints. On p. 369 the page

where Numenius brevirostris Licht. is described is 75, not 72. On p. 370, the

volume in which N. microrhynchus Philippi & Landbeck is described should be

1866, i. and not 1868.

18. Under Scolopax rusticola is quoted (p. 674): Rusticola vulgaris Vieillot,

Nouv. Dict., etc., p. 673, but the page is 348.

19. Under “ Phalaropus hyperboreus” is quoted (p. 701): Phalaropus lobipes

Keys. & Blas., but these authors called the bird Lobipes cinereus /—Phal. moluccensis

Temm. appears on p. 59 and not p. 69!

20. Misprints and errors occur in every book in the world. Even from Mathews’

B. of Australia they are by no means absent, though very rare. For example,

under Numenius cyanopus I noticed that the name N. rostratus is quoted as appearing

in Ann. f° Mag. Nat. Hist. ix., while it is vol. xi. in which it is found. Nor is it

there given as a “substitute name,” but quoted as a MS. name of Latham for

N. cyanopus.

Sapienti sat! If all these errors occur in a portion of the palearctic Waders

alone, how many may there be in the tropical species ?

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 115

CORRECTIONS OF AND ADDITIONS TO OUR

“REVISION OF THE SPHINGIDAE.”

By LORD ROTHSCHILD, Ps.D., anp Dr. K. JORDAN.

(With 3 Text-figures.)

1. Polyptychus draconis spec. nov. (text-fig. 1)

d. P. trilineato similis, magis grisescens, alis fortius dentatis, anticis apice

angustiore, lineis duabus externis modice sed distinete incurvatis haud angulatis ;

alis subtus ut in ?. trilineato duabus lineis fuscis notatis, linea prima in ala antica

obsolescente, secunda tenuissima extus albo-griseo determinata.

Al. ant. long. : 56 mm.

Hab. “ Thibet” (verisimiliter China occidentalis), specimen unicum a dom.

E. Le Moult communicatum.

TEXT-FIG. 1—Polyptychus draconis.

. The general colour is a mixture of ashy grey and fuscous, without the luteous

and purplish tints of P. trilineatus Moore (1888).

Palpus rather smaller than in P. trilineatus. The apex of the forewing more

produced, the dentition of the outer margin more prominent (as is also the case in

the hindwing), and the hindmargin rather more deeply incurved before the angle ;

the lines placed as in P. trilineatus, but the dark shade situated outside the first

line not separated from the line by a pale interspace, the two discal lines evenly

incurved from costal to hindmargin, almost parallel, the outer line more conspicuously

bordered with grey, not excurved, the fuscous diffuse marginal patch below the

apex extending totooth R*. Hindwing fuscous along abdominal margin, otherwise

ashy grey, palest costally ; a whitish grey line extends from anal angle forward.

On the underside the external fuscous line of both wings very thin, being

116 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

edged on the outer side by a conspicuous, somewhat broader, whitish grey line;

the line straighter on the forewing than in P. ¢rilineatus; the proximal discal

line of the forewing obsolescent (for the greater part absent in our somewhat

abraded specimen); the corresponding line of the hindwing not accompanied by

a fuscous diffuse band on the outer side, as is generally the case in P. trilineatus ;

marginal area of both wings darker blackish grey than the proximal half of the

wings, of a dark hair-brown tint (Ridgway, Vomencl. Colours, pl. 3, No. 12).

Genitalia quite different from those of P. trilineatus and dentatus. Tenth

tergite ending in a broader and more obtuse hook than in P. trélineatus; the sternite

represented by a large plate, which is convex on the upperside and apically

sinuate, the two lobes separated from one another by the sinus are broad, rounded,

and slightly bent downwards. The clasper (text-fig. 1) is very much larger than

in P. trilineatus ; it is divided distally by a slit into a rather soft, scaled, upper

lobe and a more strongly chitinised, more or less naked, lower portion, of which

the apical margin is rounded, curving upwards and ending in a slender, apically

brown, process, which lies on the inner surface of the dorsal apical lobe. Below the

tenth sternite two spiniform processes, as in P. trilineatus, but straighter apically.

The penis-funnel a simple ovate ring. The unpair ventral process of P. trilineatus

absent.

2. Nyceryx eximia spec. nov.

Nyceryx tacita, Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. ix. Suppl. p. 418. no. 351. pl. 47. fig. 2, pl. 53.

fig. 47, pl. 54. fig. 4 (1903) (partim ; Chiriqui).

The specimens described in the Revision as tacita Druce are not this species.

We have now two examples of true Zacita, the possession of which allows us to

compare the genitalia, The two species are certainly very similar both in colour

and structure, but perfectly distinct.

In Zacita the dark patch placed on the upperside of the forewing in front

of the hindmargin is sharply bounded on the proximal side by a straight grey line,

which is vestigial to the costa and ends here near the upper one of the two black

dots situated at the apex of the cell. In eximia, the forewing of which is rather

more purplish brown, this patch is posteriorly produced towards the base of the

wing, its inner edge being curved. The whitish grey lines on the forewing of

eximia are more irregular in shape than in Zacita, the postdiscal line which runs

obliquely from the costa towards the distal margin particularly being straighter in

tacita than in eximia; the whitish grey submarginal curved line which extends

from the brown apical spot to the central tooth of the distal margin bears

in Zacita a very distinct white dot, but not in eximia. The ochreous area of the

hindwing is much more extended in eximia than in tacita, the blackish brown

marginal border being 5 or 6 mm. wide at the subcostal in Zacita, and at the most.

3 mm. in eximia.

The underside of the wings is almost the same in the two species; tacita is

a little duller in tone and its marginal border contrasts slightly less with the

rest of the wing, in eximia a tooth projecting from the centre of the marginal

band on the forewing being especially deep brown.

The whitish lateral dots on the abdomen are rather larger in eximia than in

tacita, while in tacita the first two abdominal sternites are more densely scaled

with purplish white, contrasting rather strongly with the other segments.

The genitalia of the d of eximia are figured in the Revision, lc. The

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 117

hook of the tenth tergite is slenderer in tacita than in eximia, bearing no trace

of a tooth or dilatation in tacita ; moreover, in tacita the portion of the segment

proximal to the curved apical hook is more

abruptly widened than in eximia. The apical

ridge at the right side of the penis-sheath (left

in figure) is rounded in taccta (text-fig. 2), and

the one on the opposite side short ; the whip

is broader in tacita than in eximia, being par-

ticularly broad in our Bolivian example of tacita,

less so in the one from Costa Rica. The dentate

processes of the penis-funnel are rather larger

in Zacita than in eximia.

The ? of eximia differs from the d in the

yellow area of the hindwing above being slightly

smaller.

Hab. Chiriqui, 2 dd and 1 $3, and 1¢

without locality, in the Tring Museum. We

have 2 dd of N. tacita Druce (1888) from

Tuis, Costa Rica, September (W. Schaus) and

Rio Songo, Bolivia, 750 m. (A. H. Fassl), All

the specimens, with one exception, recorded from

other collections in the Revision from Mexico, TEXT-FIG. 2.—Nyceryx tacita.

Peru and Bolivia are, we think, Zaeita, but it

would be advisable to compare them again. Judging from the notes we took in

1902, the Staudinger collection contained at that time four specimens under the

name of tacita, of which one belongs to eximia.

3. Nyceryx continua cratera subsp. nov.

Nyceryx maxwelli, Rothschild and Jordan, Nov. Zool. ix, Suppl. p. 419. no. 352 (1903) (partim ;

S. Domingo).

3. Major, supra magis grisescens, alis anticis magis variegatis, posticis in

disco brunneo notatis, limbo nigro-brunneo ante marginem abdominalem ad basin

usque continuato, basi ipsa nigro-brunnea.

Al. ant. long.: 30 mm.

Hab. Rio Songo, Bolivia, 750 m. (A. H. Fassl) ; and S. Domingo, Carabaya,

S.E. Peru, 6000 ft., June and August 1902 (G. R. Ockenden) ; 6 dd, type from

the Rio Songo.

When we wrote our Revision of the Sphingidae we had only one specimen of

N. maxwelli Roths. (1896). The figures of the genitalia published in the Revision

were taken from this specimen. The second specimen mentioned in the Revision

was received while the work was in press. Considering it to be a somewhat different

example of maxwelli, we did not compare its genitalia. We now find that the

specimen belongs to a new subspecies of N. continua.

We have six dd of N. maxwelli, from Bolivia, and Zamora, Ecuador, and a ?

from Theresopolis, Santa Catharina. The specimens of the new form of N, continua

are of the same size as these maxwelli, 1.e. much larger than the Brazilian dd of

continua, but all differ from mazxwelli (apart from the genitalia, which are in cratera

like those of N. continua continua figured in the Revision) in the hindwing bearing an

118 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAR XXIII. 1916.

orange streak along the abdominal margin, and in the underside of the wings

having no or very few yellow spots.

N. ce. cratera is distinguished from N. c. continua by superior size, greyer

colouring of the upperside of the body and forewing, the broader and less sharply

defined border of the hindwing, which, moreover, is connected with the base along

the second submedian vein, and by the upperside of the hindwing bearing a brown

stigma, and between it and the marginal band a number of brown spots. Besides,

the pronotum shows distinct traces of brown transverse lines, which are absent from

N. c. continua.

4. Epistor taedium Schaus (1890)

The $ of this species is as yet undescribed. Some time before the war we

received from Messrs. Staudinger and Bang-Haas both sexes of the subspecies taedium

taedium labelled Chiriqui. This 2 is undoubtedly taedium. It agrees closely with

that sex of E. gorgon Cram. (1777), but differs in the rather narrower forewing, of

which the distal margin is somewhat more distinctly elbowed, the darker colouring

of both the upper- and undersides as well as the legs, and in the distal margin of

the forewing beneath bearing a distinct whitish. grey diffuse border, as in the d.

Moreover, the proximal one of the two discal lines of the underside is on both

wings more prominent than in /. gorgon.

5. Temnora albilinea Roths. (1904)

In Arch. Naturg., 1913, Abt. A, Heft 6, p. 110, Embrik Strand describes as

Temnora albilinea Roths. v. obseurascens Strand n.v., a d of T. albilinea from

the figure of 7. albilinea published in Wytsman’s Gen. Ins. 57. pl. 6. fig. 3 (1907).

This figure, however, is a somewhat inaccurate representation of the species.

Moreover, the specimen from which it was taken was collected in 1875 (A. v.

Homeyer), and has not entirely escaped the influence of time on its colour. The

species of Temnora, Nephele, and many other genera are liable to fading, and a

difference in the tone of the ground-colour should always be regarded with sus-

picion. The ten specimens of 7. albilinea in the Tring Museum, from Angola

and Uganda, afford sufficient evidence that odscurascens is only based on a fresh

example of albilinea, and is not a variety. The figures of Sphingidae in Gen. Ins.,

l.e., are very hard, the colouring being exaggerated by the lithographer, and the

small details in the pattern are not absolutely exact.

6. Temnora cinereofusca Strand (1912)

We have two 2 2, one from Bitye, South Kamerun, and the other from Lulua-

burg, Kassai R., Congo, which agree with E. Strand’s description of T. cinereofusca,

Arch. Naturg. 1912, Abt. A, Heft 6, p. 155, no. 21 (S. Kamerun and Spanish

Guinea), except that they are larger, the forewing measuring 30 mm. instead of 25.

We had placed these examples in the collection under T. reutlingeri Holl. (1898),

and on reconsideration adhere to this opinion. We therefore regard cinereofusca

as synonymous with T. reutlingeri.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 119

7. Temnora griseata R. & J. (1903) (text-fig. 3)

This species was described from a single ? in the Royal Museum at Brussels

from the Congo. We have lately received a d from

Nigeria (no more exact locality being given) which

agrees with the ?. It is in a better state of pre-

servation, and shows on the forewing two vestigial

brown transverse lines in the basal fourth and three

in the centre, these lines being convex on the distal

side, and the two outer ones of them only indicated Fig

by dots on the veins. On the underside both wings

are crossed by two discal lines, of which the distal

one is dentate.

The long apical spur of the hindtibia is not

quite half the length of the first hindtarsal segment.

The tenth abdominal tergite is slender, gradually

narrowing to the apex, which is very slightly

truncate. The sternite is but little wider than the

tergite, but much shorter, the apex being truncate. = Texv-ric. 3.—Temnora griseata.

Clasper with six or seven large friction-scales. Harpe

slender, tapering, curved upwards, similar to that of 7. vida Holl. (1889). Penis-

sheath with a large apical patch of teeth (text-fig. 3).

8. Temnora oxyptera spec. nov.

3. Alis anticis cum corpore cinereis apice magis productis quam in T. grisea,

cui haec species similis, lineis medianis postice fere rectis haud obliquis ; alis

posticis et prona facie subtestaceis.

Long. al. ant.: 26 mm.

Hab. Chintriche, Nyassaland ; 1 3.

The outer surface of the foretibia bears fewer spines than in 7. griseata, and

the long apical spur of the hindtibia is only one-third the length of the first hind-

tarsal segment. The wppersides of the body and forewing are of a more ashy grey

tone than in 7. cinerea, with a slight purplish tint. The markings of the forewing

are as little distinct as in T. griseata ; there is in the basal fourth a pair of strongly

curved lines, of which the proximal one, before reaching the hindmargin, turns

basad and runs to the base, as in 7. griseata; the centre of the wing has two lines,

the inner one is broadened anteriorly and touches the upper cell-angle, the two lines

are costally farther apart than posteriorly, excurved below the costa, and slightly

incurved below the centre, standing almost at right angles to the hindmargin, which

they reach just beyond two-thirds; 7. griseata has four, more or less vestigial, lines

in the middle of the wing, and the posterior portions of these lines are more oblique

than in 7. oxyptera, the proximal angles formed with the hindmargin being obtuse ;

about half-way between cell and distal margin there is in oxyptera a row of minute

vein-dots ; the subapical costal spot is as distinct as in T. griseata, but rather more

luniform, and the second row of vein-dots, which in 7. griseata runs from this spot

towards the hindmargin, is apparently absent from T. oxyptera. The hindwing

is a pale dull brick-red shaded with brown and grey, the red tone agreeing best with

the vinaceous cinnamon of Ridgway, Nomencl. Colours, pl. 4.

Underside of wings rather paler reddish than the upperside of the hindwing 3

120 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916,

proximal half of forewing shaded with brown, on the disc three dentate lines, a

complete grey marginal band angulate at the first and second radials (R! and RP).

On hindwing the discal lines as on the forewing, the marginal band narrower.

The genitalia are very similar to those of 7. griseata as regards the anal

segment and the claspers ; the penis-sheath, which may be expected to show a more

conspicuous difference, is unfortunately missing. The anal tergite is Jess curved and

somewhat flatter, appearing thinner in a lateral view; the sternite is a little

broader than in 7. griseata, and shows hardly a trace of an apical sinus.

9. Deilephila dohertyi callusia subsp. nov.

Deilephila dohertyi, Rothschild and Jordan, Nov. Zool. ix. Suppl. p. 507. no. 426 (1903) (partim ;

Solomons),

d. Minor, alis anticis supra linea grisea submarginali fere nulla, posticis subtus

absque guttis griseo-albis ad marginem anteriorem.

Al. ant. long. : 35-40 mm. (d. dohertyi: 42-47 mm.)

Hab. Solomon Islands: Choiseul (type), December 1903, 6 &d ; Bougainville,

April 1904, 3 dd ; Isabel, Jane—July 1901,13 ; Kulambangra, February 1901,

13; all collected by A. S. Meek.

When writing our Revision of the Sphingidae, l.c., we had only two specimens

of D. dohertyi from the Solomon Islands, two from the Bismarck Archipelago, and

two from New Guinea. We have now six from New Guinea, two from the

Bismarck Islands, and eleven from the Solomons. These specimens evidently

belong to two geographical races of D. dohertyi, true dohertyi occurring in New

Guinea and the Bismarck Archipelago, and callusia on the Solomons.

D.d. callusia is smaller than D. d. dohertyi; on the upperside the grey sub-

marginal line which on the forewing of the latter runs from the oblique apical line

to the posterior angle, is only vestigial and irregular in callusia; the grey line

bordering the basal patch is on the whole more irregular in callusia ; on the under-

side the two white spots present at the costal margin of the hindwing of d. dohertyi

are absent from callusia. The fore- and hindtibiae are less white, and the greyish

white median stripe of the meso-metasterna is narrower than in d. dohertyi.

10. Enpinanga labuana oceanica subsp. nov.

?. Alarum signaturis melins expressis quam in J. L. labuana, anticarum

margine externo ad angulum posticum usque eriseato, posticarum fascia marginali

dentata nigro-brunnea sat bene expressa ; subtus laete vinaceo-rufa.

fab, Andamans ; 1 ? in Mus. Tring, a dom. celeb. J. W. Kaye benevole don.

On the upperside the basal half of the forewing contrasts more sharply with

the outer half than in #. 7. Zabuana, from Borneo, of which we have two ? ?, the

lines in the disc are more distinct, and the grey shading of the marginal area

extends from the apex to the hinder angle. The hindwing is somewhat paler

than in Z. 2. Zabuana, while the external margin on the contrary is darker, a deep

brown, well-defined, marginal band being formed, which is dentate at the veins.

The wnderside is much brighter red than in #. 2. labuana. On the forewing

the costal portions of the first and third discal lines form two distinct anguliform

brown spots accompanied by two grey spots of nearly the same shape. Three

discal lines on the hindwing, the first and third prominent, the second vestigial.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. al

11. Macroglossum amoenum spec. nov.

2. M. passalo similis, sed multo minus, alis antieis fascia nigro-brunnea

antemediana magis obliqua, posticis fascia flava latiore, abdominis segmentis 4°,

5°, 6° lateribus albo-penicillatis.

Al. ant. long. 19:5 mm., lat. 8:5 mm.

Hab. Sungei Liat, Banka Island; 12.

Easily separated from M. passalus Drury (1773), apart from its small size,

by the lateral tufts of the three segments preceding the tail being tipped with

white, and by the oblique position of the antemedian band of the forewing, the

outer edge of this band being at the hindmargin as far distant from the base

as at the costal margin. This latter characteristic also distinguishes amoenum

from fringilla Boisd. (1875).

Upperside of palpus, head and thorax smoke-grey, with black-brown median

stripe, sides of mesothoracic tegulae bright walnut, this colouring sharply defined ;

palpus as long as in passalus, longer than in fringilla. Upperside of abdomen

nearly as in passalus, the two yellow side-patches small, a vestige of an anterior,

third, patch on second segment, the two grey spots at the base of the seventh

tergite very conspicuous, more so than in passalus, lateral tufts of segments 4 and 5

white, the tuft of 5 particularly conspicuous, tuft of 6 brown with the extreme

tip white, tail as in passalus tipped with pale hazel. On underside, the palpus

white, with a dark brown stripe in front of the eye, breast greyish white in centre,

clayish brown at sides; legs clayish brown shaded with hazel in parts, the long

scales of the hindtibia with whitish tips ; abdomen pale hazel, greyish at base in

the centre, tail chestnut tipped with hazel.

Wings, upperside. General coloration of forewing as in passalus, the basal

area a little paler, slightly more contrasting with the black-brown antemedian

band; this band is nearly 14 mm. broad at the costal margin and widens almost

suddenly on the proximal side below the submedian vein, its outer edge being

about 6 mm. distant from the base throughout, forming an obtuse angle with the

hindmargin of the wing, while in passalus and fringilla the angle is somewhat less

than 90° ; pale median interspace much shaded with purplish grey ; blackish brown

postmedian band as in passalus, but more oblique and less angulate; a costal

patch outside this band, posteriorly bounded by R*, much shaded with purplish

grey, sharply defined ; a diffuse, but very distinct submarginal band of the same

purplish grey scaling extends from apex to hind angle, narrowing at both ends.

Hindwing : the orange-yellow band sharply defined, a little over 3 mm. wide

in centre; black-brown marginal border of about even width from below costa

to below middle, where it is as broad as the orange-yellow band, and then

gradually narrows to a point, the inner margin of the border slightly denticulate,

but not distinctly angulate, the border proportionately narrower than in passalus,

especially the posterior portion.

Underside duller red-brown than in passalus, almost like burnt-umber faintly

shaded with drab ; the lines less distinct than in passalus.

12. Macroglossum poecilum R. & J. (1903).

Macroglossum insipida poecilum Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. ix. Suppl. p. 643. no. 579 c, El 3,

fig. 17, ¢ (1903) (Loo Choo Is.).

When describing this insect from two Loo Choo specimens we said that it

was perhaps a distinct species. We have now, from the van de Poll collection,

122 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

a third example, which came from Mt. Marapok, British North Borneo. This

specimen agrees with the Loo Choo ones in the structure of the genitalia as well

as in the pattern of the wings and body, but has a somewhat darker coloured

underside. We have no longer any doubt that poecilum is a distinct species.

13. Macroglossum semifasciata nigellum subsp. nov.

Macroglossum semifasciata, Rothschild & Jordan, Nov. Zool. ix. Suppl. p. 657, no. 601. pl. 50. fig. 32,

pl. 56. fig. 47, genit. (1903) (partim ; Java).

d. Fascia aurantiaca alarum posticarum angusta subinterrupta distinguendum.

Hab. Java (Piepers); 1d.

Subapical blackish brown diffase spot expanded between costa and R! of fore-

wing distinct and proximally rather sharply defined ; the smoky grey scaling placed

at the proximal side of this spot and in the centre of the wing also more prominent

than in true seméfasciata, from Burma, the Andamans, Nias and Borneo. The

yellow band of the hindwing narrow, in the centre the brown-black basal area

connected with the distal border by means of vein-streaks.

On underside the hindwing less extended yellow than in semif. semifasciata,

the yellow abdominal patch reaching from base scarcely halfway to anal angle.

Genitalia (figured /.c.): In true semifasciata the long slender process of the

harpe is slightly curved downwards, in nigellum curved upwards; the process

of the penis-sheath, in the former, ends in a long slender point, while in nigellum

the apex of this process is obtuse and denticulate; moreover, the teeth on the sheath

at the base of the process are larger in nigellum.

The larva described by Piepers (1897) as that of M. faro is the larva of the

present subspecies.

14. Macroglossum adustum spec. nov.

3. M. semifasciatae vicinum, alis posticis fascia aurantiaca fere nulla.

Al. ant. long. 28 mm.

Hab. Solomon Islands: Vella Lavella, March 1908 (type), and Rendova,

February 1904 (A. 8. Meek); 2 dd.

Body and wings deeper brown than in M. semifasciata, but the markings the

same as in that species, excepting the hindwing. On this wing, above, the yellow

band indicated by a faint cloud placed in front of the abdominal margin, and

a diffuse yellow patch situated outside the upper cell-angle, in between the cloud

and the patch some yellowish hair-scales. On the underside the bases of both

wings slightly clayish grey; on hindwing, before the abdominal margin, a dirty

yellow patch from base halfway to apex of SM?.

Genitalia similar to those of M. semif. semifasciata, differing slightly in the

harpe being a little more down-curved and in the teeth of the outer row on

the penis-sheath being larger.

15. Macroglossum moriolum spec. nov.

?. Corpore brunneo-nigro, abdomine lateribus albo-penicillato, subtus medio

griseo-albo notato, palpis pectoreque griseo-albis. Alis anticis supra brunneo-

nigris, grisescentibus, fasciis duabus nigris notatis ; posticis nigris, macula subcostali

et altera diffusa subanali pallide aurantiacis, Infra nigro-brunneis, basi flavescenti-

griseis, posticis macula subabdominali a basi ad medium aurantiaco-flava.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 123

Al. ant. long. 22-24 mm.

Hab. Vella Lavella, Solomon Islands, February and March 1908 (A. S.

Meek); 3 2 2.

Near M. melas R. & J. (1903), which it represents, apparently, on the Solomon

Islands. It is easily distinguished from melas by the outer margin of the black

antemedian band of the forewing being strongly curved proximad posteriorly,

the postmedian band of two lines being entirely filled in with black, and by

the yellow band of the hindwing (which varies very much in melas) being

represented by a small, elongate, subcostal patch and an obsolescent, diffuse cloud

placed in front of the abdominal margin (in one of our three examples both

markings are barely vestigial). Moreover, the yellow basi-abdominal patch of

the hindwing extends only halfway to outer margin.

In the type-specimen there is a trace of a yellow side-spot on the third

abdominal segment.

A NEW SPECIES OF GEOMETRIDAE FROM NEW GUINEA.

By Dr. KARL JORDAN.

Milionia optabilis spec. nov.

?. M. paradiseae similis, alis anticis macula parva basali nitida, posticis

duabus striis nitidis ornatis facile distinguenda. -

Al. ant. longit.: 22 mm.

Hab. Near the Oetakwa R., Dutch South New Guinea, up to 3500 ft., October—

December 1910 (A. S. Meek); 222.

Body glossy blue. Wings velvety black above, with a blue sheen in certain

lights ; tips of fringes of both wings greyish white ; on forewing a short streak

on the subcostal and median veins, and another, somewhat longer, on the submedian

glossy blue, united at the base, an orange (/ype) or red median band from the costa

to hindmargin, the fringe of the hindmargin remaining black, the band just

proximal to the discocellulars, the upper angle of the cell being black ; distally

of the band a few scattered glossy blue scales. On hindwing the band red,

abbreviated in front, extending forward to the subcostal or a little beyond it ; in

the basal area two glossy blue streaks, one on the median, the other on the sub-

median, both extending from the base close to the band.

On underside the forewing nearly as above, the band reddish behind, and the

blue scales outside it more numerous. On the hindwing two blue streaks, the first

placed on the costal and subcostal, the second on the median vein.

Veins SC? and R! of the hindwing (6 and 7) on a very short stalk in type,

separate in second specimen.

124 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

NOTES ON ARCTIIDAE.

Br Dr. KARL JORDAN.

(With 47 Text-figures.)

N the taxonomy of species colour and pattern have played a more important part

in Lepidoptera than in other orders of insects. In many genera of Lepidoptera,

however, the pattern bas remained so uniform or has become so simplified or so

unified that colour distinctions between the species are more or less absent, the

species being so similar to one another that they are not, or not easily, distinguished

without an investigation of their structure (congeneric synchromatic species). On

the other hand, there are species and groups of species in which colour and

pattern, and often also the shape of the wings and the size, are so variable

individually that none of these external distinctions are trustworthy guides in

differentiating the species. These extremes offer a most interesting field for

research. They not only have many surprises in store for the systematist, but also

are of considerable importance for the study of the wider question of evolution.

Instances of both these extremes are not rare among the Arctiidae, and Lord

Rothschild has drawn my attention to quite a number of species which he thought

might possibly be composite. In offering herewith some notes on a few American

congeneric synchromatic Arctiids I confine my remarks in the body of the paper

almost exclusively to the systematics of the species with which I am dealing, but

venture to mention at the end of the paper a few points of general interest of which

the Arctiids here described may be regarded as illustrations.

Genus Ammalo Walk. (1855)

In Hampson, Lep. Phal. iii. p. 83 (1901), the genus Ammalo contains six

species, one of which is ¢xsulata Walk. (1855). This is a small species (length of

forewing 13 to 22 mm.), with a buff-yellow abdomen which bears black dorsal and

lateral spots or dots, the thorax and wings varying from cream-colour to buff-yellow,

and the antennae, palpi, lower part of the frons and the tibiae and tarsi being more

or less blackish brown. It is a very uniformly coloured insect.

An examination of the specimens in the Tring Museum (about 150) and of the

series in the British Museum has produced convincing evidence that there are three

such yellow species instead of one. Apart from one of them having the frons

rather more extended blackish brown than the others (the difference being measur-

able under a lens), these species are alike in colour, but perfectly distinct in

structure in both sexes.

The species commonest in collections is

1. Ammalo insulata Walk. (1855)

Originally described from Jamaica, this species is known also from the other

larger West Indian islands as well as the Bahamas, Grand Cayman, Grenada and

Florida, and probably occurs on most of the islands; on the continent it is found

from Mexico to Colombia, its range extending eastwards to British Guiana, and

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916, 125

including Venezuela and Trinidad. There is also a pair in the Tring Museum

labelled Rio de Janeiro, and another ¢? ticketed “ Brazil,” but it is perhaps

advisable to await confirmation of this record before accepting it as correct.

Anyhow, A. insulata is an essentially Caribbean species. The ranges of the other

species are much more restricted.

In colour insulata varies from cream-colour to buff-yellow. The black suffusion

of the frons is restricted to the lower third, and is sometimes vestigial only. The

pectinations of the central segments of the antenna are in the & about as long as

the shaft of two segments. The main distinctions are found in the genitalia, which

are built up on the same plan in all three species, but exhibit very striking differ-

ences in the detail. The supra-anal hook, which is morphologically the tenth

tergite, and is usually termed the wncus in descriptive Lepidopterology, is nearly

always visible without dissection. But in order to get a clear view of the other

sclerites it is necessary to remove the eighth segment, or at least that apical portion

of it which projects over the following segments, forming a sort of cylinder or cavity

into which the organs of copulation are retracted. When the eighth tergite has

been made somewhat flexible by a little wood-naphtha or weak alcohol, a sharp

longitudinal cut at one side and a cut across the back usually enables one to lift the

integument up and bend it towards one side without breaking it altogether, leaving

the ninth and tenth segments exposed to view.

The ninth tergite is dorsally produced into a pair of long processes (P! in our

text-figures), which are hollow, bear long stiff scales usually pasted together, and

contain probably scent-glands. The processes project over the widened and

centrally-flattened apical portion of the ninth tergite and overlap the base of the

tenth tergite (or uncus). In znsulata (text-figs. 1 and 2, P!) they are three times as

long as they are broad, being widened distally on the outer sides with the apex

rounded off. The pleurite of the ninth segment forms the side-clasper, consisting

of the valve (V) and the harpe (H). The valve (text-figs. 1, 2, 3, V) is thin, i.e,

weakly chitinised, and evidently serves more as a cover than as an organ of pre-

hension. Its shape in A. insulata is represented in text-fig. 2, the real outline

being distorted in a view from above (text-fig. 1), and from below (text-fig. 3).

The harpe (H) is detached from the valve, except at the base. It is as long as the

clasper in insulata, slender, with the apex rounded and more or less widened, the

proximal portion of the ventral margin being irregularly notched (ef. text-figs. 2

and 3). On the ventral, membranaceous or semi-membranaceous, portion of the

ninth tergite, inside of the clasper towards the penis-sheath, there is on each side

a short, soft, club-shaped process (P*) studded at the apex with long bristles

(text-fig. 2). This organ, which recurs in various shapes throughout the family,

though not everywhere, is apparently of a sensory nature. The tenth tergite (x. t.)

of these species is a simple process, widest at the base, more or less convex above,

and gradually curved downwards, its under surface being concave. In insulata the

apex is sharply pointed and subcarinate above. There is no separate, projecting

sclerite below the anus homologous with the tenth sternite, this sternite simply

forming part of the integument extending between the penis-sheath and the anus.

The penis-sheath (Pen) is very large in all three species, and internally armed with

one strongly chitinised spiniform love-dageer.

In the female the differences most easily seen are those presented by the

eighth sternite, which lies behind the orifice of the vagina (Vg) and in front of the

anal segment (which is formed by segments ix and x being completely fused). In

126 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916,

” ” i ” ”

” ” 3.— ” ”

i o <— nn, arravaca.

5— 4 on

insulata the centre of sternite viii is always swollen, a transverse glossy callosity

being formed which is more or less hidden by the overlapping sternite vii (text-fig. 8).

The d-genitalia vary very slightly geographically.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 127

2. Ammalo arravaca spec. nov. (text-figs. 4, 5, 9)

This species is only known to me from French Guiana and Surinam, all the

specimens I have seen from these countries belonging to arravaca. The pair

recorded by Lord Rothschild under insulata (Nov. Zool. 1910, p. 35) from “ Brazil

(Meyer coll.)” is arravaca, and the locality Brazil may safely be regarded as

erroneous.

A. arravaca agrees in colour with insulata, but our specimens are on an average

smaller, the forewing measuring from 14 to 16 mm. in length ; this measurement

may not be confirmed, if a series larger in number than ours is compared.

The pectinations of the male antenna are very slightly longer than in insulata.

The dorsal processes of the ninth tergite (text-fig. 4, P!) are pointed, tapering from

the base to the apex, the slit between them being much wider than in insulata.

The valve (V) is practically the same as in that species, but the harpe (H) is

strongly curved at the apex, ending in a sharp point, which often projects beyond

the apex of the clasper (text-fig. 5). The tenth tergite is rounded-truncate (x. t.),

not pointed as in the other species, and apically flattened. As this organ usually

projects from beneath the eighth segment, and can easily be examined, there is no

difficulty in distinguishing the 3 of arravaca from the other species.

The eighth sternite of the female (text-fig. 9) differs from that of insulata in

bearing no large median callosity. The apical margin is not incrassate in the centre,

or only to a very slight degree. The feeble swelling which is usually present, and

which extends forward as an indistinct median ridge, is more due to the segment

being slightly folded along the centre than to being actually swollen. If the ridge

or fold is distinct, the apical margin of the segment bears a small central notch.

This margin is distinctly visible in most specimens without the scaling being

touched. If it is concealed the scaling should be lifted up or brushed sideways.

We have a series of both sexes from St. Jean du Maroni (type) and St. Laurent

du Maroni, French Guiana (E. Le Moult), and Aroewarwa Creek, Maroewym Valley,

Surinam (S. M. Klages). The type is labelled September, and Mr. Klages found

his specimens in April and May.

3. Ammalo aurata Butl. (1875) (text-figs. 6, 7, 10)

The specimens from South-East Brazil are deep buff-yellow, but similarly

coloured examples occur also among A. insulata. The deep colouring was the only

difference which Butler noted when describing aurata from a single Brazilian

female from Espiritu Santo. It was a shot in the dark, but nevertheless a hit.

A. aurata occurs on the Lower Amazons and in South-East Brazil. A female in the

Tring Museum bears the locality label “ La Merced, Chanchamayo.” The specimen,

however, was not received direct from the collector, and as we have not seen any

other specimens of aurata or of insulata from the Andes countries of South America

apart from Colombia, the before-mentioned female probably did not come from

Peru, but from the eastern side of the continent. I consider aurata a Brazilian

‘species which has extended its range into the Amazon valley (Para, Mandos), and

in the south is found as far west as Tucuman and Paraguay.

While in the two previous species about one-third of the frons is blackish, this

colour extends in aurata to oue-half. This distinction appears to be somewhat

more reliable than the difference in the yellow coloration of the wines above

referred to. The pectinations of the male antenna are decidedly longer than in the

128

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

TEXT-FIG. 6.—Ammalo aurata.

” ” Us ” ”

previous species, those of the central segments being abont as long as the shaft of

three segments. The difference in the female antenna is less evident, but quite

appreciable under the microscope. The length of the forewing varies as much as in

A. insulata.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAL XXIII. 1916,

The dorsal processes of the

ninth tergite of the male (text-

fig. 6, P, dorsal view) are much

shorter and much broader than

in A. insulata, and apically

more tapering on the inner side

than on the outer,’ Ihe valve (V)

is reduced to a narrow and

weak strip, presumably without

function, but covered with scal-

ing, as is the case with the

valve of the other species. The

harpe (H), on the other hand, is

very strongly developed, being

much larger than in insulata

and arravaca. Its shape is also

quite different, the apex being

divided into a sharply pointed

dorsal prong and an obtuse

ventral lobe. These apical pro-

jections are not quite the same

on the two sides of the body,

and also vary in the different

individuals. The harpes are so

long that their apilces are nearly Nis

always visible without the scal-

ing being brushed aside. The

tenth tergite is joointed, as in

A, insulata. A ventral view of

the organs of eojpulation (text-

fig. 7) reveals anot her distinction

of aurata. Below the short

funnel from which the penis-

sheath (Pen) proje:cts we find on

each side a strorigly chitinised

short process not present in the

other species. ‘The processes

are not alike, the left one being

much larger and rmore regularly

curved and pointe d than the one

of the right-hand side. The tips

of both are direct'ed towards the

N |

left side. Above’ them we find TEXT-FIG. 8.— Ammalo insulata.

the setiferous c:laviform pro- oe Annan

cesses (P?) alreaidy mentioned a amatal

under A. insulatat.

The structure of the eighth sternite of the female (text-fig. 10) is very dis-

tinctive. A semilcrescent-shaped, smooth, convex rim is formed around the orifice

of the vagina, thi!s wall being widened centrally, the widened portion corresponding

130 NOVITATES Zo‘OLOGICAE XXIII. 1916

to the callosity described under A. insulata. The seventh ste ‘nite projects into

the cavity, the projection being broad, smooth and glossy, v pee the proximal

portion longitudinally wrinkled.

The distribution of the three species suggests that they have attained their

distinctions by means of geographical isolation and the attending, differences in the

surroundings. The most widely distributed species, inswlata, jıs morphologically

the central one, its characteristics agreeing more or less with those which I am

inclined to attribute to the common ancestor.

Ammalo helops Cram. (1775) is another species of wide dist,ribation according

to Hampson, l.c., p. 83. I find it to be a composite species, whielı I hope to discuss

on another occasion. A. helops is nearly allied to some spe/cies placed under

Elysius. One of the main distinctions between Klysius and Ami nalo in Hampson’s

Lep. Phal. is the difference in the position of the second subcosstal branch of the

forewing, this vein being said to arise from the cell in Zlysius. and beyond it in

Ammalo. We have, however, a number of specimens of Ammal!o helops in which

this vein branches off from the cell.

Genus Sychesia Möschl. (1877)

In Hampson, l.c., p. 106, the first section of Hlysius iss characterised as

follows: ‘Seet. I. (Sychesia). Antennae of male with long branches; hindwing

with vein 8 absent.” One species is placed in this section, Ely, 1S0US yi Cram.

(1275). As this “ dryas,” however, is not a solitary species, but, represents a type

to which quite a number of species conform, there is suflicient eee for reviving

Sychesia as a genus separate from Hlysius.

The species of Sychesia resemble one another very closely in ‘colour. If in the

figure of S. omissus, in Nov. Zool. xvii. pl. 13, fig. 15, the black-tbrown colour were

paler, and the orange of the abdomen and taro esp bright, thie figure might be

considered a fairly accurate representation of several other species. There are some

colour-differences in the various species, but they are as a rule! so vague that a

correct determination of the species from mere coloured figure:s appears to me

impossible without recourse to the structure of the tail-ends. In several species

there is a conspicuous scarlet tint on the abdomen and collar, bu’t not in all speci-

mens, and this colour may also appear in species which are usually without it. The

length of the pectinations of the male antennae is not the samie throughout the

genus, the males of omissus, for instance, being easily distinguis hed by the short

pectinations, and subtilis separated from dryas by the long pectinat ions. There are,

however, other species which cannot be differentiated by the length of the pectina-

tions from dryas or from sudtilis. The structure of the tail-encl of the male is

rather complicated on account of the many processes and lobies of which the

prehensile organs are composed. A clear view of them is only obtained on removal

of the eighth segment; but for the purpose of identification this is hardly ever

necessary, the apices of at least some of the processes being visible: if the scaling at

the tip of the abdomen is partially removed or brushed aside. | The commonest

of the species is fortunately not difficult to recognise, and thejrefore may with

advantage serve as a starting-point in the determination of the series of species.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 131

1. Sychesia dryas Cram. (1775) (text-figs. 11-15, 41)

In Cramer’s figure the hindwing is blue-grey instead of yellow.* No such

species is known ; but as the figure is otherwise a fairly good representation of a

male of Sychesia, considering the time of publication, we assume with Hampson that

the colouring of the hindwing is due to some error. The specimen is said to have

come from the West Indies, which geographical term at that time included Surinam.

We have three species from Surinam, obtained by Klages in the same locality

on clearings in the forest, at night only. These are subtilis Butl. (1878), omissus

Roths. (1910), and a third species which we treat, rightly or wrongly, as being

dryas Cram, (1775). The name fimdria Möschl. (1877) apparently applies to dryas.

The figure of fiméria is a misrepresentation, the head being much too small, the

colouring of the thorax and forewing much too red, and the marginal band of the

hindwing much too sharply defined and too narrow.

S. dryas is known to me from Surinam, the Caura R. in Venezuela, several

places on the Upper Amazons, East and South-Bast Peru, Hast Bolivia, and

South-Hast Brazil. In spite of this wide distribution there is no appreciable

variation in the organs of copulation, with the exception of our only Brazilian male.

The colour of the upperside of the forewing, head and thorax is mummy-brown

in the darkest (freshest ?) specimens, and a light tint of raw umber in the palest

(faded?) examples. The collar has usually a rufous tint, but there is no red

colouring noticeable at the base of the abdomen in any of our specimens. The

density of the pale irroration of the forewing and the size of the pale discocellular

spot are variable, as is also the width of the marginal border of the hindwing. In

the male this border is usually separated from the apex of cell by tbe very pale

yellow ground-colour or patches of it, but sometimes extends into the cell. In the

female the border reaches always into the apex of the cell and usually expands to

the base of the lower median vein, the angle between this vein and the cell

remaining yellow in many specimens; on the underside the yellow area is still more

restricted, either entering the cell or being bounded in front by the cell and the

lower median vein; in the latter case the patch is rounded distally, the fuscous

marginal band reaching to the anal angle and extending a little along the abdominal

margin, as it often also does on the upperside.

The structure of the last three abdominal segments of the male is very

characteristic. The last external scaled segment is the eighth. It is black, as in

the other species, but quite different in the structure of its central dorsal portion.

This difference is easy to see in most examples. When inspected from the anal

side the apical margin of the eighth tergite will be found to be clothed with black

scaling on the upperside and yellow scaling on the underside.

Compared with any of the other species, the central marginal area of this

tergite is thicker and projects anad, being separated at each side from the lateral

portion of the segment by a notch. If the scaling is removed the explanation of

this difference between dryas and the other species becomes at once evident. The

segment is centrally produced in dryas into a short broad process, which is very

slightly impressed centrally, convex above and at the margins, and hollow, mem-

braneous and longitudinally folded beneath. The corresponding portion of the

eighth tergite of the other species of the genus is but slightly produced and much

less thickened than in S. dryas (cf. text-fig. 25, vill. t.). This process, of which

* Cramer’s original drawings are in the British Museum; in the drawing of dryas the hindwing

is less uniformly blue and the black border less sharply defined than in the published figure.

132 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

text-fig. 11 gives a lateral view, while in text-fig. 12 we look at it from the anal

side and slightly from above, conceals the ninth tergite and its appendages, and

must be removed if one wishes to study the latter in toto. Text-fig. 13 represents

a dorsal view of the organs. From the lateral portion of the ninth tergite project

on each side two processes. The upper one (P!) is large, strongly chitinised and

apically divided into two lobes, somewhat resembling a fishtail. The lobes are

denticalate at the distal margin, the outer lobe being much longer than the inner

one. The second process (P?) is subcylindrical, weak, and bears numerous bristles.

Below these processes long silky hairs are found, which are probably spreading hairs

N)»

TEXT-FIG. 11.—Sychesia dryas dryas, lateral view of eighth segment.

12.— i r „ anal view of last segments.

” ”

of scent. The lateral clasping organ, the side-clasper, differs in true dryas and the

Brazilian subspecies in the development of the apical processes of the harpe (H).

We describe first the more widely distributed S. dryas dryas ; in the anal view of

the tail-end (text-fig. 12), three processes are visible at each side between the

projection of the eighth tergite and the penis-sheath‘(Pen). These belong to the

strongly developed harpe (H). The dorsal process L!is glossy, smooth and pale,

being often partly concealed by the ninth tergite, as in our figure. The second

process L? is situated on the proximal side ; it is small and not easily seen; on the

other hand, L* is very conspicuous, being very strongly chitinised, deep brown, and

so much bent downwards that it usually lies on top of the penis-funnel (Pen).

Between L! and L?, on the outer side, there is a small weakly chitinised lobe bearing

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 133

long scales, This lobe (V) is the remnant of the valve. We shall find the valve

more normally developed in other species of Sychesia. The shape of the processes

L!, L?, and L? is, of course, different according to the direction from which they are

inspected ; cf. text-fig. 13, a dorsal view. The harpe is visible in its entire length

if examined from the ventral side (text-fig. 14). In the Brazilian form of dryas

(text-fig. 15) process L? is absent, and L! is bent towards the middle plane of the

body instead of pointing upwards, and rounded. The tenth tergite is long and

TEXT-FIG. 13.—Sychesia dryas dryas, dorsal view of last segments.

slender, being bent down at the base and then curved upwards, the apex forming

a sort of head and beak. The ninth and tenth tergites together, in a side-view,

resemble to some extent a swimming bird, the former representing the body. The

slightly widened head of the tenth tergite bears numerous bristles, as in the other

species of this genus. The penis-funnel (Pen) has the shape of a flagon, the neck

being more or less wrinkled transversely: the upperside of the penis-funnel is

membraneous, and open along the centre. The penis-sheath, which projects from

it, has no external armature, nor does it seem to have an internal armature in any

of the species (text-figs. 12, 13, 16).

134 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

The female armature is very simple. The eighth segment, which is covered

by the seventh, is strongly chitinised in all the species, non-scaled, glossy, deep

brown, both the dorsal plate and the ventral one. The latter bears the distinctive

characters, which are slight, but appear to hold good, In dryas the eighth sternite

(text-fig. 41) has a smooth edge, which is slightly incrassate in the centre, the

corners of the plate being either somewhat acuminate or rounded, not bearing

a distinct tooth.

TEXT-FIG. 14.—Sychesia dryas dryas, ventral view.

yg) MBS » tupus, »

According to the genital armature of the male, S. dryas consists of two

subspecies :

a. S. dryas dryas Cram. (1775) (text-figs. 11-14, 41)

Harpe of d with three apical lobes, the upper one compressed, pale, and

polished, directed upwards.

French Guiana, Surinam, Caura River (southern affluent of the Orinoco),

Upper Amazons, Peru and Bolivia.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 135

b. S. dryas tupus subsp. nov. (text-fig. 15)

Harpe of d with two apical processes, the upper one rounded and curved

inward. The eighth sternite of the ? as in S. d. dryas.

Santa Catharina; one pair in the Tring Museum.

Halesidota basipennis Walk. (1856), from Para, was based on a single female,

now in the Oxford Museum. Dr. H..Eltringham, who has very kindly examined

it for me, informs me that the edge of the eighth sternite is quite smooth. This

would prove that the specimen belongs to dryas, and not to subtilis as I suspected

from the locality. The females of S. dryas tupus and S. dryas dryas not being

different, it is, of course, not possible to decide whether dasipennis, from Para, is

the same as subsp. fupus or as subsp. dryas, or whether it represents a special sub-

species from the Lower Amazon. To settle this point we must wait for the arrival

of males. The Rev. A. Miles Moss having been stationed at Para now for several

years, this keen and successful lepidopterist will no doubt obtain a series of S. dryas

in that most interesting district.

2. Sychesia hora spec. nov. (text-figs. 16-19)

The abdomen and hindwing perhaps a little deeper yellow than in S. dryas,

otherwise the colouring the same as in certain specimens of that species. The

black-brown border of the hindwing rather sharply defined in both sexes, in the

male (we have only one specimen of this sex) not reaching the apex of the cell, and

in the female (of which sex we have two specimens) extending to the point of origin

of the upper median branch (vein 3).

The median projection of the eighth tergite of the male resembles that of the

preceding species, but is shorter and vertically thinner. The process P! of the ninth

tergite (text-fig. 16) is large, compressed and apically divided into two large prongs,

of which the lower one is curved and bears a large tooth on the upperside, as shown

in the lateral view represented by text-fig. 18. From the base of this process P!,

on the underside, projects the pale, slender, setiferous process P?, not visible in a

dorsal view of the organs. The side-claspers are strongly developed, and very

different from those of S. dryas, although built on the same plan. The thin apical

lobe of the valve (text-fig. 17, V, ventral aspect) is reduced to a small tubercle,

densely covered with scales. The harpe (H) consists of a more deeply chitinised

inner portion ending in a very broad lobe, L?, and bearing proximally to the middle

a tooth, and a pale, glossy and smooth outer portion also ending in a broad lobe, L!.

The harpe is much broader centrally than it appears to be from our text-figs. 16 and

17, which represent it in a dorsal and ventral aspect; the lateral aspect is given in

text-fig. 19. The tenth tergite (x.t.) is similar to that of S. dryas ; the apex

is grooved above. In spite of all the differences, the similarity between the organs

of S. dryas and hora can easily be perceived.

One male from Cananche, Cundinamarca, Colombia, September 1903 (M. de

Mathan) ; and two females from Popayan, Cauca Valley.

I do not find any structural difference between these females and dryas, and I

only place them with ora on account of the locality. Perhaps they are dryas ; but

as hora is undoubtedly closely allied to dryas, the absence of a structural difference

in the eighth segment is not surprising.

\Y PH

Fig.18 | 2 /

a i

7 Ny}

TEXT-FIG. 16.—Sychesia hora, dorsal view.

» , Ventral view of clasper.

” ”

18.— =

19. — tt , , lateral view of clasper.

”

” ”

7 amity

(ae yee iy, \

» » lateral view of process P!.

\\ \ {( N

NN i]

N N

3 Sy

, N 4

Ay N /

VW N |

MZ, Massa |

N Y

WAYS % GB GG

uN 29 f lin

\ Z | Greet

N an

—

SSS Sas

III

TEXT-FIG. 20.—Sychesia naias, dorsal view.

21.— eo „ , ventral view of clasper.

22.— = » , lateral view of processes P! and P?.

23. — Fr, „ » anal view of process P!.

138 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

3. Sychesia naias spec. nov. (text-figs. 20-23, 42)

If the preceding species, S. hora, is the Colombian representative, then S. naias

must be regarded as replacing it in Central America. Colouring as in S. hora ; in

one of the females a distinct yellow spot in front of the base of vein M! (=vein 3)

on the hindwing.

The male organs differ as follows: The large process (P!) of the ninth tergite

(text-fig. 20) is apically divided into two lobes, of which the lower one (text-fig. 22

is directed downward, and is curved so much sideways that in a dorsal view (text-

fig. 20), its apex projects from under the dorsal lobe. In an anal aspect (text-fig.

23) this ventral lobe somewhat resembles a stocking in shape. The setiferous

process (P?) is thicker than in hora. The valve-portion of the side-clasper has

entirely disappeared ; the harpe (H) ends in two lobes; the outer lobe (L!) is broad,

rounded, and smooth (text-figs. 20, 21), and the inner lobe (L?) narrow, curved,

deeper brown, and bears bristles (as does the corresponding lobe in the other species

of Sychesia). The apex of the tenth tergite (x.t.) is rather narrower than in the

previous species.

In the female the eighth sternite has at each side two teeth (text-fig. 42), one

being placed at the lateral angle, and the other, which is sometimes small or obtuse,

further inward.

We have: one male from Guapiles, Costa Rica, June (W. Schaus), type ; three

females from Costa Rica (Ch. Underwood); and one female from Rio Wanks,

Nicaragua, September 1905 (M. G. Palmer).

4. Sychesia erubescens spec. nov. (text-figs. 24, 43)

Besides S. dryas tupus there occurs in Santa Catharina a species closely allied

to it, but different in colour and structure. This erubescens stands about in the

same relation to S. dryas in the South as nazas and hora in the North.

{

TEXT-FIG. 24.—Sychesia erubescens, lateral view.

A small tuft of scales behind the antenna, the collar, sides of the breast, apices

of the coxae, inside of the forecoxa, and the larger portion of the trochanters scarlet,

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 139

the abdomen also shaded with scarlet, in the male to a greater and in the female to

a lesser extent, the abdominal area of the hindwing, especially in the male, with

a distinct red tint.

Larger than S. dryas, the fuscous border of the hindwing as broad as in that

species, but the fringe from the anal angle to the lower median vein yellow. There

is another red-tinted species in Brazil, described below, which has a much narrower

terminal band in the male than erubescens.

The central prominence of the eighth tergite of the male is much smaller than

in S. dryas. The large process P! (text-fig. 24) of the ninth tergite is more

compressed distally than in 8. dryas, and the two lobes into which it is divided

(fishtail) are different, the lower being shorter than in S. dryas, and the upper one

rather longer. The setiferous, slender lobe P? projects from the underside of P}.

The side-clasper is very different from that of S. dryas. The valve-portion (text-

fig. 24, V, lateral aspect) is well developed instead of being reduced to a small

tubercle, and the harpe (H) is quite simple, being curved inward apically.

The eighth sternite of the female is thicker in the centre than in S. dryas, and

bears at the lateral angle a very prominent tooth (text-fig. 43).

We have one pair from Santa Catharina.

5. Sychesia subtilis Butl. (1878) (text-figs. 25-30, 44)

On an average smaller than the preceding species in both sexes; the colouring

is the same as in dryas, except that the fuscous costal and distal marginal borders

of the hindwing, in the male, are narrower and more diffuse both above and below.

In most specimens the upper angle of the cell of the hindwing projects rather

less than in S. dryas. The pectinations of the male antenna are distinctly longer

than in specimens of dryas of the same size, and the distance between the scape

and the first pair of pectinations is shorter than in most S. dryas.

The genitalia of the male are different. The eighth tergite projects much less

than in the S. dryas, and is less incrassate (text-fig. 25, vili.t.). The ninth tergite

has three processes on each side, not two, as in S. dryas (text-fig. 27, P!, P?, P?;

dorsal view, corresponding to text-fig. 13). The upper process (P!) is the largest ;

it is apically widened, but very much less so than in S. dryas. P? is longer than

in S. dryas. P® arises from the underside of P! about its centre, and is straight and

pointed.

The feebly chitinised valve (V) is much larger than in S. dryas, but still

appears as a weak appendage of the harpe, and bears rough scaling, The harpe is

large and strongly chitinised (H), the portion most easily seen being a deeply

coloured glossy apical lobe which is directed upward. Below this lobe (L!) the

inner margin is sinuate, a second, small lobe (L?) being formed. The tenth tergite

almost agrees with that of S. dryas, except that the apex is rather broader and

mesally more or less impressed longitudinally.

In the female the eighth sternite has not a smooth edge laterally, but is here

conspicuously folded and notched, and bears a large pointed tooth at the angle

(text-fig. 44).

TEXT-FIG. 25.—Sychesia subtilis megalobus, lateral view of eighth segment.

» » 26.— Mr BS a , anal view of last segments.

0 ” - , dorsal view.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 141

According to the male genitalia there are two geographical forms :

a. S. subtilis megalobus subsp. nov. (text-figs. 25-29, 44)

Harpe with a very large apical lobe (text-fig. 29, L'); process P! of the ninth

segment dorsally convex apically.

A series in the Tring Museum from Aroewarwa Creek, Maroewym Valley,

TEXT-FIG. 28.—Sychesia subtilis megalobus, ventral view of clasper and penis-sheath.

Surinam, February (S. M. Klages), type; La Union and Guaypa, Caura R.,

Orinoco, October, November, December, April, May (S. M. Klages); Trinidad

(F. Birch).

b. S. subtilis subtilis Butl. (1878) (text-fig. 30)

Apical lobe of harpe small (text-fig. 30, L!). Process P! of the ninth

segment apically compressed ; process P? shorter and slenderer than in megalobus ;

apex of the tenth tergite dorsally more convex.

The type of subtilis came from the Rio Sapo, Amazons, caught on December 13,

1574; the other specimens mentioned by Butler as far as they are preserved in the

British Museum are S. dryas dryas, for instance the second Rio Sapo example

caught on December 14. As the specimen labelled by Butler “type” is the present

insect, the name should be retained for this species, although Hampson has sunk

the name as a synonym of 8. dryas. I cannot find the Rio Sapo; is Sapo a mis-

spelling of Napo? In the Tring Museum another male, obtained on board the

142 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

steamer on the Amazon between Manacapurei and Teffé at the end of April 1906

(S. M. Klages), This and the type are the only examples I have seen of the

Amazonian race. In the type-specimen the lobe of the valve (V) is almost as deep

brown as the harpe.

\ Fıo 50

TEXT-FIG. 29.—Sychesia subtilis megalobus, ventral view of clasper.

on : ilis

x Asya gis Ns MN subtilis, op ” ”

6. Sychesia dimidiata spec. nov. (text-figs. 31-33, 45)

Similar to dryas in colour, but the tips of the coxae pure buff-yellow, the

yellow area of the hindwing more sharply defined and extending from the base to

the lower angle of the cell or only to the point of origin of the upper median branch

(type), the area agreeing in size more or less with that of the female of S. dryas,

except in being deeper yellow.

The ninth tergite of the male bears a very long upper process, P! (text-fig. 31)

and a short, forked, lower process, the two prongs of which are homologous to P?

and P° of S. subtilis. Text-fig. 33 represents these organs in a lateral aspect. The

valve (V) is long and slender, and the harpe (H) very much smaller than in the

previous species, ending in a short lobe (L}), which bears a tooth on the inner side

representing a second lobe (L?), Only the apical lobe of the harpe is plainly

visible, if the long scaling situated at the edge of the eighth segment is removed,

Li lying inside this segment. The tenth tergite (x.t.) is longer and less curved

than in the previous species ; the setiferous apical portion bears a dorsal median

groove. The penis-funnel is cylindrical, not flagon-shaped.

We have three males from Muzo, Rio Cantinero, Colombia, 400 m. (A. H.

Fass]).

Two females from Quevedo, West Ecuador, in the Tring Museum possibly

belong to this species. The terminal band of the hindwing is somewhat broader

than in the male. The edge of the eighth abdominal sternite is thinner in tbe

centre than laterally ; the lateral angle bears a tooth (text-fig. 45).

TEXT-FIG. 31.—Sychesia dimidiata, dorsal view.

, ventral view of clasper.

, lateral view of ninth and tenth tergites.

An = anus.

144

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

7. Sychesia coccina spec. nov. (text-figs. 34-36, 46)

In the scarlet tint of the collar, breast, coxae, abdomen and the basi-abdominal

area of the hindwing similar to S. erubescens. Somewhat smaller than that species,

the pectinations of the antenna in the male longer, the scape reddish yellow on the

outside, and the terminal border of the hindwing much narrower in the male and

broader in the female, than in erubescens.

The ninth tergite of the male has three processes on each side, as in S. sudtilis.

The large process P! is compressed apically and rather strongly curved beyond the

VX. t.

TEXT-FIG. 34.—Sychesia coccina, dorsal view.

» , ventral view of clasper.

55 » „ inner view of clasper.

middle, the apex being dentate and obliquely truncate, with the dorsal angle pro-

jecting (text-fig. 34). Process P? is stouter than in swÖdtzlis and P* is shorter. The

side-claspers are quite different. The valve is well developed (V, text-figs. 34-36),

while the lobes of the harpe (H) are small. In a ventral, semilateral aspect (text-

fig. 35) the valve and harpe are seen lying side by side, being merged together

except the apices, but recognised by the difference in colour and surface-structure.

Viewed from this direction only the largest lobe (L?) of the harpe is visible. Ina

dorsal view (text-fig. 34) the large lobe (L?) is much more curved, and below it two

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 145

short processes are seen (L!and L?). These are more easily inspected from the inner

side (text-fig. 36), the clasper being bent sideways. The three lobes are all strongly

chitinised, being red-brown. The tenth tergite resembles that of S. sudtilis, the tip

pointing sharply downwards. The penis-funnel is cylindrical, being slightly widened

proximally.

The eighth sternite of the female has the edge thicker than in S. erubescens,

notched in the centre and slightly undulating at each side of the middle. The

lateral tooth is conical (text-fig. 46).

We have a pair from Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. The female recorded

by Hampson from the same province, as subsp. 1 of dryas, also belongs to coccina.

8. Sychesia pseudodryas Roths. (1909) (text-figs. 37-38)

Originally described from a single male from La Oroya, South-East Peru ;

several other specimens were subsequently recorded in Nov. Zool. 1910, p. 41, of

which the pair from Sta. Catharina is my erwbescens. On the other hand, the male

Pen

(tu

ar!

TEXT-FIG. 37.—Sychesia pseudodryas, dorsal view.

an m ek = n , ventral view of clasper.

mentioned, /.c., under dryas from Suno, Upper Rio Napo, belongs to pseudodryas.

We have now also a male from Sitio, Costa Rica, May (W. Schaus), another

from Calama, Rio Madeira, Amazonas, below Rio Machados, August—October 1907

(W. Hoffmanns), and a pair from Teffé, Upper Amazons, October 1912 (Dr. Ducke).

These specimens agree closely in structure, and all the males have the terminal

146, NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAR XXIII. 1916.

band of the hindwing diffuse; some specimens have no red tint at all, while

others have the collar, abdomen, abdominal area of the hindwing and the yellow

portions of the breast and coxae more or less tinted with scarlet, like the type-

specimen of the name pseudodryas. In the female the yellow area of the hindwing

is sharply defined, reaching to the point of origin of M!, being incurved below M?

and excurved at SM’, the mummy-brown distal border extending to the abdominal

margin.

The eighth tergite of the male is thin, in a vertical sense, and not much

produced. The ninth tergite has on each side three processes (text-fig. 37). P? is

very slender, curved upwards and anad, and is, like the very thin setiferous process

P?, a dorsal branch of the main process P*. The latter is elbowed in the centre,

where it is slightly widened, and tapers to the apex, the apical portion of the inner

edge being denticulate. In the development of these processes S. pseudodryas

stands quite isolated. The side-clasper resembles that of S. coccina to some extent.

The valve (text-fig. 38, V) is well developed, and the harpe (H) bears a small

unciform ventral apical lobe and two small lobes farther proximally. The tenth

tergite (x.t.) is very characteristic, its apical widened portion being very broad,

reversed cordiform, and at least twice as broad as in any of the other species.

The eighth sternite of the female resembles that of the females placed above

under S. dimidiata (text-fig. 45), but the thin central third of its margin is incurved,

9. Sychesia omissus Roths. (1910) (text-fig. 39, 40, 47)

The male is in colour similar to S. dryas ; the thorax and forewing are usually

deeper blackish brown, the collar is red in most examples, and there is occasionally

also a reddish tint at the base of the abdomen ; the hindwing is, like the abdomen,

usually rather deeper yellow than in dryas, the distal marginal band posteriorly

more sharply defined and here as a rule also broader, and the median branches

are more prominently blackish brown. The size varies a great deal, the forewing

having a length of from 22 to 31 mm. The pectinations of the antenna are always

much shorter than in dryas, a difference easily perceived if the two species are

placed side by side, while there is no reliance on any of the colour-differences

mentioned. The female also has a deeper colour than in most dryas.

The genitalia of the male are very distinct. The eighth tergite is only slightly

produced. The ninth tergite (text-fig. 39) has on each side two processes, the

upper one (P!) being large, curved in the middle and obliquely truncate at the apex;

it appears almost straight from the centre to the apex in a dorsal view. PP? projects

from P! on the underside. The side-clasper is quite different from that of the

other species; it consists of a single, long, curved, strongly chitinised sclerite

which tapers at the apex (text-figs. 39, 40). The two claspers cross one another

beneath the eighth tergite, and are visible without dissection on account of their

great length. The tenth tergite (x. t.) is essentially as in S. dryas, only the widened

apical portion being rather longer. The genitalia are neither individually nor

geographically quite constant.

The two females which I place here differ very little from dryas. The margin

of the eighth tergite is less convex in the centre, and the lateral angles bear a tooth

(text-fig. 47). Considering the great difference in the claspers between S. dryas

and omissus, one would have expected to find a trenchant distinction between the

females as well.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 147

We have this species from: Aroewarwa Creek, Maroewym Valley, Surinam,

February 1905 (S. M. Klages), 1 ¢; La Union and Guaypa, Caura R., Orinoco, March

and April 1902, September—October, 1901, November—December, 1902 (8. M.

Klages), 11 dd, 11 $2; Oxapampa, Peru, 1¢ (type); Chanchamayo, Peru,

October 1901 (Garlepp), 1 d ; Huancabamba, Hudnuco, Peru (BE. Böttger), 5 od ;

S. Domingo, Tinguri, R. Huacamayo, and La Oroya, Carabaya, South-Bast

Peru, 6000 ft., 3400 ft., and 3100 ft. respectively (G. R. Ockenden), nearly

Fig.39

WY,

lyn

/ |

nern

VS,

TEXT-FIG. 39.—Sychesia omissus, dorsal view.

mn. op ob “a „ , ventral view of apex of clasper.

all the year round, 17 3d, 12; Salampioni, Bolivia, 800 m., August 1901

(Simons), 1 ¢ ; Yungas de Coroica, Bolivia (Garlepp), 1 d.

The other specimens mentioned under omissus in Nov. Zool. 1910, p. 41, do not

belong to this species.

The distribution of S. omissus is essentially the same as that of S. dryas dryas.

The type-specimen is labelled Oxapampa, N. Peru; it was received from a German

dealer, and I presume that the name is meant for Oxabamba in the province of

148 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

Huänuco, to the east of Cerro de Pasco. The collector probably was a Saxon,

pronouncing pas b and b as p.

Fig 41 7 NX Va

Fig 42 /S

TEXT-FIG. 41.—Sychesia dryas, eighth sternite of 9.

ef ee a naias, >> ” ”

a » 43.— 5 erubescens, ,, ch ”

3 » 44.— a subtilis " ” ”

9 » 45.— es dimidiata, ,, 5 5

» 9 46.— vs coccina, ® en ”

en „ #.— er omissus, a eg „9

On the preceding pages I have dealt with insects corresponding to two species

of the Lep. Phal. of Hampson, Ammalo insulata and Sychesia dryas (as Elysius

dryas in Hampson). We have seen that under the garb of insulata three species are

concealed, and that there are nine species of Sychesia instead of one (Hampson, dryas)

NOVITATES ZOOLOGIGAE XXIII. 1916. 149

or three (Rothschild, dryas, pseudodryas and omissus). The conclusion to be drawn

from the results of our investigation is obviously this : In order to arrive, without

evidence from breeding, at fairly accurate systematics it is insufficient to study only

the external aspect of the specimens. A cataloguer, however, who has to cover the

ground at a rapid pace, cannot be expected to spend his time in tedious and minute

investigations. That is a matter for a specialist. The scientific study of Lepi-

doptera, unfortunately, has not yet arrived at such a state of development that there

is a sufficiency of specialists supplementing the army of general lepidopterists. It

would therefore be of great advantage if the lepidopterist, after having acquired

a general knowledge of the order, concentrated his efforts on a single family or

a branch of a family. Here he can do substantial systematic work absolutely |

necessary for our understanding of nature. If I thus plead for specialisation, I do

not wish to say a word against the collector who gathers the specimens for the sake

of the pleasure they give him, nor against the lepidopterist who is made happy by

the receipt of new species which he can name. Their efforts are a great asset:

in science, although there have been, and there are still, members of the scientific

world who pour cheap satire on them. The very pleasure which the collector

derives from the products of nature, and the communion into which he enters with

nature when contemplating and comparing the species and pondering over their

habits and life-history, are of such high aesthetic value in our neurasthenic times

that from this point of view even, quite apart from any incidental contribution to

sclence pure or applied, the occupation with nature’s products. should be greatly

encouraged in a nation. Who would call it accidental that there are so many more

collectors of insects among the truly progressive nations than among the others?

I am not pleading against the collector pure and simple, the man who is brought in

close touch with nature and is the happier for it. There are, however, many among

them who could achieve more, many who have the knowledge, the time and the

opportunity. It is the inclination to concentrate their efforts and deepen them

which is missing; and to awaken this inclination wherever it may be dormant,

and to foster it wherever it has begun to stir, I should, if I could, paint in

glowing terms the need for specialisation and a morphological treatment of the

Lepidoptera.

A second point quite clearly demonstrated by the foregoing pages is this:

Specimens of the various species, or of most of them at any rate, have been in the

hands of lepidopterists and not been recognised as belonging to different species,

and I have stated over and over again that the external differences are, in nearly

every case here dealt with, quite unreliable. If that is so, could these species be

recognised from coloured drawings only? Certainly not. Therefore the dictum of

my friend Charles Oberthiir, that no name is valid which is not accompanied by

a good figure, does not coverall cases. If any such proposal could ever be adopted—

the proposal certainly draws attention to a weak spot in descriptive entomology, and

will exercise a good influence whether officially adopted or not—we must replace

“a good figure” by “a figure sufficient for the determination of the species or

variety.” Such a practice in nomenclature, however, would invalidate many names

which are accompanied by “ good” figures, these figures not showing any of

those details in structure by which alone the particular species can be recognised,

structures of which neither the author who named the species nor the artist who

made a drawing of it had taken cognizance.

The differences between the species above described being essentially such

150 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAB XXIII. 1916.

as are not visible outwardly,‘the specific distinguishing characters cannot have

developed by means of selection on the part of insectivorous enemies.

In some of the species we find small but obvious morphological differences in

the specimens from certain localities: geographical varieties or subspecies. In

other forms which are also geographically separated the differences are so great

that we must consider them specific; these species replace one another, one

being a substitute for the other: vicariant species. And lastly, we have species

the ranges of which overlap or are more or less the same, the species occurring

side by side, often actually flying together: synpatric species. This gradation

in the evolution is represented, for instance, by (1) Sychesia dryas dryas and

S. dryas tupus, which exclude one another geographically, but are essentially

the same insect; (2) Ammalo insulata, A. arravaca and A. aurata, which also

inhabit separate geographical areas, but are so different that they might occur

together without mixing and amalgamating ; and (3) Sychesia dryas, S. subtilis

and S. omissus, which occur together. If the differences in the first category

become greater, we have the second. If the range of the second category extends,

we have the third category of forms. This is true not only for insects, but also

for other classes of animals, the exceptions appearing to me more seeming than

real. The important part which geographical isolation plays in the evolution of

the subspecies and vicariant species is so obvious that it is hardly necessary to

dilate on it. Which, however, is the factor or group of factors that led to the

appearance of the structural differences we have described ? Mendelism cannot

account for the geographical phenomenon embodied in the problem; selection by

insectivorous enemies being likewise excluded, there remains the influence of the

anorganic surroundings, which are different in the various geographical areas,

in connection with geographical isolation. If the geology of a continent or

archipelago is known, i.e. the relative ages of the districts or islands, one can

generally predict with a high degree of accuracy where subspecies and vicariant

species will be found.

I have assumed that the various species of Sychesia, and the three yellow

Ammalo, have retained the colouring of the respective ancestors from which they

are derived, and for this reason are externally so similar to one another. The

opinion, however, might be advanced that these species were originally also

different in colouring, and their present synchromatism is a secondary development

due to mimicry, This cannot be a true explanation, because (1) most of the

species are not synpatric, and (2) the subspecies of S. dryas and S. subtilis are

alike in colour and different in structures in a similar way as are the species,

but to a much lesser degree.

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EDITED BY -

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CONTENTS OF NO. 1.

PAGES

NEW NEOTROPICAL GHOMETRIDAE . Lowis B. Prout . el 190

NEW INDO-AUSTRALIAN GHOMETRIDAE Louis B. Prout . . 191—209

A NEW ORTHOSTIXIS (Fanııy @EOMET-

RIDAE) j Louis B. Prout. 5 209

. NEW ORIENTAL NOOTUID. AH “IN ‘THE

TRING MUSEUM . W. Warren). SOO i

. SOME NEW PALAEARCTIC NOCTUIDAE

IN THE TRING MUSEUM . : W. Warren . b 20228229

. ON THE FORMS OF RHODINOCICHLA

ROSEA : N Ernst Hartert . i 229

. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW “SPECIES OF

THE FAMILY ARCTIADAE IN THE

BRITISH MUSEUM. 4 George F. Hampson . 230—240

. LIST OF SOME HYMENOPTERA FROM

ALGERIA AND THE M’ZAB COUNTRY: Rev. F. D. Morice . 241—246

. FURTHER CORRECTIONS OF AND ADDI-

TIONS TO OUR “REVISION OF THE

SPHINGIDAE” (ILLUSTRATED) . : . Lord Rothschild. and

Karl Jordan . . 247—263

. SOME NEW ARCTIADAE . 5 d . Lord Rothschild. . 264-271

. NEW AFRICAN G@ZOMETRIDAE : . Lowis B. Prout. . 1. 272—286

. SOME NOTES OF A FAUNAL AND OTHER

NATURE ON THE LEPIDOPTERA

COLLECTED BY HERR GEYR VON

SCHWEPPENBURG IN THE HOGGAR

MOUNTAINS . ‘ Lord Rothschild . . 287—288

. WHAT IS THE CORRECT NAME OF THE

ARABIAN SEA TERN? . : . Ernst Hartert .. ; 288

. ON SOME FORMS OF CORACINA (GRA U-

CALUS Avct.) FROM THE SOLOMON

ISLANDS . : Lord‘ Rothschild | and

Ernst Hartert 1° 289—291

. THE ALLEGED OCCURRENCE OF ARE- 5

NARIA MELANOCEPHALA we) IN

INDIA 5 Ernst Hartert 3 . 291—292

5. ON THE EUROPEAN F ORMS OF PH A LA: - ‘

CROCORAX CARBO. ; Ernst Hartert : . 293—295

. MORE ERRONEOUS QUOTATIONS "AND

OTHER ERRORS 3 ; Ernst Hartert ‘ . 295—296

. A NEW MONARCHA FROM ROSSEL

ISLAND : i $ 2 3 : . Lord Rothschild and

Ernst Hartert ae 297

. DESCRIPTION OF A NEW ZARVIVORA . E. C. Stuart Baker . 298

Now aS ZOOLOGICA.

Vol. XXIII. SEPTEMBER 1916. No. 2.

NEW NEOTROPICAL GHOMETRIDAE.

By LOUIS B. PROUT, F.E.S.

SusramıLy OENOCHROMINAE

1. Dolichoneura foveata sp. nov.

3, 31-382 mm. Closely similar to convergens Warr., differing chiefly in its

much smaller size and in structure. Antennal ciliation rather shorter (about as

long as diameter of shaft).

Forewing with M approaching SC at a good distance from base, to make room

for a large, elongate fovea which extends to the base of M?; rather less pure white

than convergens, the proximal submarginal shade thickened, thus closely approaching

or in places almost confluent with the distal one. Hindwing with R! and R?

arising very near together and curving so as to approach even more closely in the

middle of their course ; distinctions from convergens in colour and markings as on

forewing.

Underside much less pure white than in convergens.

Aroewarwa Creek, Maroewym Valley, Surinam, July, 1905 (S. M. Klages), type

in coll. Tring Mus. ; St. Jean de Maroni, French Guiana, August, paratype in coll.

L. B. Prout.

An interesting link between Warren’s Dolichoneura and Pycnoneura, which are

scarcely separable generically.

2. Pycnoneura monops sp. nov.

6,37 mm. Head with palpus and scaled surface of antenna blackish brown.

Thorax, abdomen, and legs concolorous with wings, only the foreleg in part

darkened.

Forewing with apex moderately sharp, termen almost straight, only behind M?

very faintly subconcave ; SC! from cell*; drab, with sparse, inconspicuous dark

irroration; lines fine; antemedian extremely faint, sinuous, from nearly one-third

costa to one-third hindmargin; postmedian better expressed, from before two-thirds

costa, oblique to R!, with a slight tooth outward at SC°, strongly toothed at R!,

thence lunulate-dentate, with slight proximal curves between the radials and behind

M?; discal dot large (1 mm. in diameter), black; an extremely faint, crenulate

whitish subterminal line ; termen with the usual black dots before and behind

SC’, the rest of the series very minute to obsolete; terminal line slightly and fringe

* Exceedingly few examples in this genus (always difficult to obtain) were known to me when I

prepared my revision for Gen. Ins., fasc. 104. I am now able to say that in the species which passes for

oxypteraria Guen (unfortunately described from a ?) and in its close ally turpis Warr., as also in

rectilineata Warr., SC! is always well stalked, in cinerea Butl. usually very shortly stalked, in ablataria

Guen. (which is perhaps more of a Dolichonewra) always from the cell.

11 151

152 NovITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

decidedly brown, the latter with a fine pale line at base. Hindwing with the

dark lines reproduced, much nearer base (at about one-fourth and one-half), sub-

terminal slightly better discernible than on forewing ; termen and fringe somewhat

brown.

Both wings beneath withont the lines ; forewing with discal dot weaker than

above, terminal dots wanting.

Chanchamayo, Peru, December 1901 (Garlepp). Type in coll. Tring Mus.

Probably near cinerea Butl., but the straight termen and large cell-dot make

it recall Dolichoneura nigrinotata Warr. more than any Pycnoneura.

3. Pycnoneura protrusilinea sp. nov.

3, 43 mm. Head with palpus deep brown, almost black. Thorax and

abdomen concolorous with wings.

Forewing with termen slightly more convex from apex to R? than in the other

species, the posterior concavity slight; SC! longer stalked (2 to 2°5 mm.) than

in the other species; pale drab, densely irrorated almost throughout with deep

purple-brown (nearly seal-brown), so as to leave free only a subcostal streak, two

bands on which stand the lines, and some ill-defined subterminal cloudings ;

costal edge narrowly blackish; lines bistre ; antemedian at one-third, with a deep,

almost V-shaped projection proximad in the middle (its apex between M and M?),

otherwise nearly straight ; postmedian at two-thirds, lunulate-dentate, the tooth

outward on R! long, the lunules inward between the radials and between M? and

and SM? deep; terminal line black, with two or three small triangular swellings

in anterior part, otherwise very slightly swollen between the veins; fringe rather

bright brown, with a very slender and inconspicuous pale line at base. Hindwing

similar, with an apical cloud of the pale ground-colour (weakly dark-irrorated) ;

first line ill defined ; second arising little beyond the first of forewing, lunulate-

dentate, very strongly bent outward between R* and M?.

Underside uniform drab.

Chanchamayo, Peru, November 1901 (Garlepp), type in coll. Tring Mus. ;

Potaro River, British Guiana, April 1908, 1 ¢; Aroewarwa Creek, Maroewym

Valley, Surinam, April, May and September 1905,2 dd, 1%. All the specimens

from the Guianas (in coll. Tring Mus., collected by S. M. Klages) are slightly

smaller than the type and look a little paler, but are in poor condition.

Nearest turpis Warr., but with less pointed forewing, browner lines (in turpis

tawny olive), much more irregular postmedian and slightly different venation.

4. Leptoctenopsis tatochorda sp. nov.

?, 33-36 mm. Head and palpus blackish, mixed with red; palpus fully

twice as long as diameter of eye. Body and legs concolorous with wings, foretibia

and foretarsus darkened on inner side.

Forewing with apex minutely produced, termen minutely sinuate behind apex,

then somewhat bowed, oblique ; vandyke brown, finely irrorated with black scales ;

lines rust-reddish, the postmedian mixed with blackish and slightly ochreous-

shaded proximally ; antemedian fine and not strong, from scarcely one-fifth costa,

excurved, but with an inward bend between fold and SM?; discal dot black;

postmedian line from costa 2 mm. before apex, almost straight to hindmargin,

little beyond middle, only with inappreciable sinuosities in anterior part; an

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 153

extremely vague purplish shade distally to this line, then a row of very feeble

interneural dark dots (in the paratype obsolete); terminal interneural dark dots

rather strong anteriorly, becoming progressively weaker ; a whitish line at base of

fringe, distal half of fringe pale-——Hindwing with termen very slightly more

convex than in melusina Prout, ete., tornus scarcely produced; concolorous with

forewing, the postmedian line and its accompanying shades continued but ante-

median, termen without dark dots, only with weak undulate brown line ; fringe as

on forewing.

Underside grey, forewing with costal margin bright ochreous and apical

region suffused with rosy ; both wings with large discal dot and slight indications

of pale subterminal line, forewing with a slightly sinuous and oblique, hindwing

with a curved, postmedian line; termen and fringe marked nearly as above, but

more weakly.

Dominica, April 1905 (type) and January—February 1905 (E. A. Agar), in

coll. Tring Mus.

Related to melusina Prout, but differing in longer palpus, more convex margins,

brown colour and straight monorail line.

5. Leptoctenopsis translativena sp. nov.

3 8, 35 and 31 mm. Face and palpus blackish. Head, body and legs

otherwise concolorous with wings. Antennal structure about as in calezaria

Walk.

Forewing with apex acute, very minutely produced, termen curved ; smooth

drab-grey, without dark irroration; a very fine, scarcely appreciably darkened

antemedian line from nearly one-third costa to beyond one-third hindmargin,

fairly straight ; a feeble discal mark; postmedian line better expressed except at

costa, slightly pale-edged distally, from beyond two-thirds hindmargin, slightly

more oblique than termen to R, here curved or bent, anteriorly with some slight

indentations ; a faint whitish line close to termen, only developed in anterior part,

lunulate-dentate, forming slight teeth outwards both on veins and folds; folds

between this and termen somewhat whitened ; terminal line blackish, thickening

between the veins (especially in anterior part), accompanied proximally by a fine

brown line; fringe rather dark, with a whitish line at base. Hindwing with

R? arising behind middle of DC, in the d very much behind (presenting an

extraordinarily Noctuid appearance); antemedian line and cell-mark wanting,

subterminal line scarcely traceable ; the rest nearly as on forewing.

Underside without markings.

Amazon, without further data. Type in coll. Tring Mus. Also a worn 2 from

the Felder collection labelled “ Amboina”—certainly an error, presumably

attributable to the reprehensible practice of employing abbreviations for geographical

names in labelling.

6. Leptoctenopsis subrufa plagiogramma subsp. nov.

32, 39-45 mm. Ground-colour above variable, in general brighter than in

subrufa subrufa Warr., from Ecuador, more rufous, with an admixture of fulvous ;

forewing with traces (at least on the veins) of a dark antemedian line, which is

strongly angulated near costa, then very oblique inward ; a thick, very oblique

dark line across both wings, formed as in mena Druce; a row of blackish vein-dots

154 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII, 1916.

beyond this, on forewing close to it, though receding somewhat posteriorly, on

hindwing strongly excurved beyond the cell-dot.

Underside with almost black, usually thick, postmedian line, its position almost.

corresponding with that of the vein-dots of upperside.

French Guiana: Nouvean Chantier, November (type d), December (1 2);

St. Jean de Maroni, November (2 ? ?). Type in coll. L. B. Prout.

Antenna of d dentate, with the cilia a little longer than diameter of shaft ;

hindtibia of d with hair-pencil ; hindwing of d with a tuft of hair on abdominal

margin opposite an orifice and flap on the pleura of the third abdominal somite.

Possibly a separate species; of subrufa subrufa I know only Warren’s two originals,

both ?, but the shape and the characteristic venation (see Gen. Ins. fasc. 104, p. 83),

as well as the subapical markings and other points of agreement, induce me to unite

the two forms.

7. Achlora doris sp. nov.

3%, 30-32 mm. Exceedingly like cuprinarta Guen., and zoé Prout, but

considerably smaller. Structure of the latter, but with the antennal pectinations

little longer than in the former (in cuprinaria about three to three-and-a-half times

diameter of shaft, in doris about four times, in zoö six to seven times). Differs

from both in that the ground-colour is more rufous (less purple), especially in the

distal area, and that the postmedian line of the forewing is more strongly curved

about the radials, being oblique inwards at the costal end, not (as in all the other

known species) about vertical to the costa.

Brazil: Para (Stuart), type d and two others (d and ?) in coll. Tring Mus.,

one dated November 17, 1892. A d from British Guiana, July 17, 1902 (©. B,

Roberts) in coll. Brit. Mus.

8. Achlora euctenachlora sp. nov.

3,43 mm. Akin to injunetaria Hb., and belonging to the same structure-

group—hindwing with R’-M! separate and without hair-tuft beneath. Larger,

the antennal pectinations considerably longer, about ten times diameter of shaft,

and reaching more nearly to the apex (extreme tip lost). Ground-colour slightly

more reddish, with the postmedian and subterminal lines rather more deeply dentate,

the latter (especially on the under-surface) more sharply expressed. Termen of

hindwing rather markedly straightened from apex to R? (almost as in coenobiata.

Feld.).

“Brazil” (probably Amazon region). Type in coll. Tring Mus., ex coll.

Felder.

I feel no doubt this is the specimen on which Warren founded his genus (sub-

genus) Huctenachlora, for Felder’s unique type of coenobiata has lost the antennae

(except the extreme stumps, which have not sufficiently long pectinations) and

possesses the hair-tuft on hindwing beneath ; but if his statement that the antenna,

is bipectinate to apex was founded on accurate observation, a slight breakage must

have subsequently occurred. No other specimen extant in the Tring Museum would

have met the requirements.

9. Macrotes commatica sp. nov.

6, 66-74 mm. Closely allied to netrix Cram., but larger, the ¢ antenna

without the specialised hairs on the distal third.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 155

Forewing with costal margin proximally more strongly darkened than in netrix,

the beginning of the subbasal line less sharp; antemedian row of vein-dots

accompanied distally by a stronger elongate dot or dash on the fold; discal dot

rather larger; terminal line simple, thick, as in cordovaria Guen. Hindwing

with apex rather less rectangular (intermediate in shape towards cordovaria), the

white cell-mark quite differently shaped from that of the allies, being considerably

shortened (the red patch on which it stands consequently enlarged), its distal

margin retracted after crossing R?, its posterior part thus restricted to a very

narrow streak along the distal edge of DC*.

Peru: Pozuzu, Huanuco, 900 m. (W. Hoffmanns); Huancabamba, Cerro de

Pasco (E. Boettger) ; S. Domingo, Carabaya, 6000 ft., November 1901, wet season

(Ockenden). Bolivia: Charaplaya, 1300 m., June 1901 (Simons). In coll. Tring

Mns., the type from Huancabamba.

10, Ergavia roseivena diphora subsp. nov.

3, 35-38 mm. Smaller than name-typical roseivena Prout, more recalling

biangulifera Prout (which I now believe to be another race of rosedvena), but rather

more deeply coloured—more rufescent or brownish ; lines about as in the latter ;

differs from both in having a conspicuous tuft of raised blackish scales on DO’? of

the hindwing as well as of the forewing, which is possibly of sufficient morphological

significance to indicate a distinct species ; dark submarginal markings beneath

rather weak, a good deal broken.

Sapucay, Paraguay, September 13, 1901 (type), November 20, 1902, January 6,

1903, November 1904, December 11, 1904 (W. Foster); La Plata Town, a worn

example. All in coll. Tring Mus.

11. Ergavia eris sp. nov.

6,44mm. Exceedingly like roseivena Prout, especially on the upperside ;

similar in structure. Face and palpus redder, more irrorated and spotted with

black. Wings more mixed with olivaceous, especially in distal area.

Forewing with the basal and discal raised tufts not, or scarcely, mixed with

black, the basal not very dense; costal margin proximally mixed with rufous, and

much dotted with black ; postmedian line less acute outward behind R*, merely

forming a rounded lobe, on which stands a scarcely perceptible tooth at M!.

Hindwing with the wavy lines stronger, one immediately behind the cell-mark

particularly well developed, somewhat thickened; postmedian line with much less

pronounced tooth outward behind R? and especially behind M!.

Underside easily distinguishable from that of roseivena by being much less

pale, the costal margin of the forewing with distinct dark dots or minute strigulae,

both wings with the postmedian line of the upperside conspicuously reproduced.

Calama, Rio Madeira, below Rio Machados, August—October 1907 (W. Hoff-

manns), Type in coll. Tring Mus. A rather worn ?, precisely similar and scarcely

larger, from Rio Demerara, in the same collection.

12. Hedyle albipannosa sp. nov.

d, 44-50 mm. Similar to heliconiaria Guen., but considerably larger.

Antennal pectination rather longer, tapering more rapidly and ceasing earlier.

Both wings rather less narrow, with termen fuller.

Forewing with a broad whitish streak from base along M (extending about

156 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAR XXIII. 1916.

from cell-fold to submedian fold), towards end of cell bending backward a little

and broadening, bounded posteriorly by M?, its anterior and distal boundaries less

defined, the latter about 3 mm. from termen ; the blackish shading proximally to

the white costal triangle stronger and broader than in heliconiaria, a more notice-

able brown admixture midway between the triangle and the termen ; termen clouded

with blackish from before R? to behind M'. Hindwing not mixed with whitish

along middle of termen.

Peru : Huancabamba, Cerro de Pasco, 6000-10,000 ft. (E. Boettger), type and

three others ; Pozuzo, Dept. Huanuco (Hoffmanns), 1 ¢; all in coll. Tring Mus.

13. Phellinodes klagesi sp. nov.

3,50 mm. Face brown. Palpus brown, somewhat mixed with blackish, at

the beginning of third joint pale ; not extending much beyond frons, third joint less

long and slender than in cascaria Schaus.

Wings coloured nearly as in dull males of cascaria.

'orewing slightly narrower, with termen less projecting at R® ; whitish costal

triangle scarcely indicated except by a slight pale line marking its distal end,

bounded by a slight dark line ; brown apical patch less clear, more tinged with

chestnut, more strongly irrorated, the black submarginal spot in it well developed ;

elongate discal streak obsolete, replaced by a quadrate spot in front of R? just

outside the cell; blackish shading along fold obsolescent ; black shade along: mid-

termen wanting. Hindwing nearly as in cascaria, rather more mixed with

whitish, except costally and distally.

Fonte Boa, Upper Amazons, May 1906 (S. M. Klages). Type in coll. Tring

Mus.

14. Phellinodes costilunata sp. nov.

?,44 mm. Closely similar to muscerdata Feld., but with the blunt projection

in termen behind R! longer, the termen behind this projection straight (in muscer-

data very faintly subconcave).

Forewing more variegated, a whitish costal patch in front of the white post-

discal spots distinct, 5°5 mm. long, 1-5 mm. deep, its margin regularly curved: an

elongate dark cell-mark ; the white spots placed on more noticeable dark shading,

that between R! and R? reduced, obliquely placed (in muscerdata parallel with the

veins), its proximal end slightly broader than its distal, nearly touching R!.

Hindwing similar to that of muscerdata.

Paramba, Ecuador. Type in coll. Tring Mus.

15. Phellinodes albistria sp. nov.

6, 38-41 mm. Superficially similar to coscoja Dogn., the forewing with termen

rather more oblique, the colour mostly darker, more variegated ; structurally nearer

uniformis Warr., the hindwing beneath showing the median vein near base thickened,

bent, and partly hairy, and the scaleless depression adjoining it in the cell.

Forewing with similar colouring to that of dark coscoja, an ill-defined oblique

dark patch in cell at about the bifurcation of the cell-fold (broader and stronger

than the similar mark in satellitiata and uniformis) ; anterior to this patch and

continuing as a narrow streak or line almost to termen is an ill-defined white mark,

oblique at first, then straight along R*, bounding the dark apical patch ; the white

dots proximally to the apical patch are smaller than in coscoja but conspicuous,

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 157

roundish, not confluent, that in the fork of the last two subcostal veins. very minute,

the two beside R! less so. Hindwing darker than in coscoja.

Underside with the dark apical patch hardly differentiated, the other markings

reproduced, though not very sharp, the oblique whitish shade broadened posteriorly.

Peru: La Union, Rio Huacamayo, Carabaya, 2000 ft., December 1904, wet

season (G. R. Ockenden); Huancabamba, Cerro de Pasco (E. Boettger). All in coll.

Tring Mus. ; the first-named the type.

16. Phellinodes minutipuncta sp. nov.

3, 44-48 mm. Coloration of uniformis Warr., except for the lack of the dark

apical patch, but belonging to the section Hyphedyle Warr. (8 venation not

distorted).

Forewing shaped as in uniformis or with the points at apex and extremity of

R! slightly sharper, the sinus between consequently deeper; a minute white dot

between SC* and R! just beyond the origin of SC* (in one aberrant specimen

obsolete) ; sometimes also a still minuter dot anteriorly to this and in one example

another posteriorly. Hindwing as in uniformis.

Underside nearly as upper, but rather more pale-mottled, both wings with

vague dark discal mark, that of forewing elongate, that of hindwing more roundish.

La Oroya, Rio Inambari, Pern, 2100 ft., September 1904 (dry season), March

1905 (wet), November—December 1905 (wet) (G. R. Ockenden), Hight in coll.

Tring Mus.

?,49 mm. Slightly paler and more rufescent than the ¢, forewing more

strongly produced at R!, the white dot between SC? and R! larger, the one anteriorly

thereto present but minute, the posterior extended to a length of 15 mm., its

proximal end rounded, its distal tapering to a point; a slender elongate dark cell-

mark and a subcostal spot scarcely beyond middle of cell more distinct than in

any 6. Underside similar, Taken with some of the males, September 1904.

17. Phellinodes lamellifera sp. nov.

3, 44-45 mm. Coloration of leptosiata Feld. except for the lack of the whitish

apical dash, but belonging to the section Hyphedyle and with the antennal teeth

still longer than in leptosiata.

Forewing intermediate in shape between leptosiata Feld. and uniformis Warr.,

showing a very weak angle at the end of R! and extremely slight concavity between

this and apex; beneath rather less mixed with white than in leptosiata, except

sometimes in the distal area. Hindwing beneath more mixed with white than

forewing, with traces of a somewhat angulated fuscous submarginal fascia, almost

touching the termen in middle.

Fonte Boa, Upper Amazon, July 1907 (type) and July 1906. Both in coll. Tring

Mus., collected by S. M. Klages.

SUBFAMILY HEMITHEINAE

18. Rhodochlora endognoma sp. nov.

3, 46-50 mm. ; 9,56 mm. Shape and structure of roseipalpis Feld. ; general

coloration similar, except that the proximal band of the hindwing is dark grey, with

scarcely any red admixture.

Forewing with the proximal lunulate or V-shaped fragment of rosy antemedian

158 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

line between M and SM? placed on a conspicuous yellow patch, which is nearly as

extended longitudinally as transversely; the yellow patch between M? and SM?

against postmedian line also enlarged, nearly or quite as extended longitudinally as

transversely. Hindwing broadly yellow from close to base to beyond antemedian

band; this band broader and more distally placed than in roseipalpis, reaching

beyond the discocellulars and enclosing on DC? a slight pale mark ; apical fringe

with a small rosy, black-mixed dash or short streak.

La Oroya, R. Inambari, Carabaya, Peru, 3100 ft., November—December 1905,

wet season (G. R. Ockenden). Type in coll. Tring Mus. Others from the same

locality and from Santo Domingo, 6000-6500 ft.

Perhaps this and not daszcostalis Dogn. will prove to be the western subspecies

of roseipalpis Feld. (from Venezuela), of which at present I only know two or three

specimens. Jéasicostalis (which is also common at Santo Domingo) appears slightly

squarer-winged, and the red base of costa distinguishes it from both the other forms

in question.

19. Rhodochlora tornistriga sp. nov.

3, 53-56 mm. Face cadmium yellow, the markings maroon, consisting of a

narrow stripe above, a line down middle and a narrow stripe at side, broadening

rapidly in lower half. Palpus maroon. Vertex and antennal shaft white. Thorax

green above, white beneath. Abdomen above green anteriorly, fading off to white ;

beneath white.

Forewing green, slightly paler than in most of the genus, the markings

maroon with a purplish admixture; antemedian line present between M and SM?,

slender and somewhat interrupted, slightly angled outward before middle, edged

proximally and distally with cream-colour ; cell-spot weak; postmedian line from

R! 3 mm. from termen, moderately dentate to M?, between M? and SM? deeply

inbent and enclosing on its distal side a large cream-coloured spot ; a patch distally

to this, more or less connected with terminal line, becoming narrow and interrupted

anteriorly to M?, disappearing before reaching R?; a conspicuous terminal line

from M? to tornus, the fringe also here reddened. Hindwing ample, the termen

convex, very slightly bent in middle, apex not qnite as squared as in roseipalpis

Feld. : subbasal patch large but pale (scarcely yellower than cream-colour), the

purplish contained band variable in width, followed distally by an elongate cell-

-mark on the anterior part of DC*; postmedian line faintly indicated in darker green

and with small maroon dots on the veins from R! to M? and a very feeble,

interrupted sinus inward between this and SM?; a maroon terminal line from apex

‚to beyond SC”, accompanied by some very slight dusting proximally.

Forewing beneath more whitish posteriorly, the markings of upperside

indicated, mostly ill-defined, a green postmedian line traceable but not sharp.

Hindwing beneath in part whitish, the green postmedian line thicker and more

distinct than above, but without vein-dots ; markings of upperside otherwise

indicated but not sharp.

Monte Tolima, Colombia, 3200 m., January 1910, type and another; Canon

de Tolima, 2700 m., December 1909 (A. H. Fassl) ; in coll. Tring Mus.

20. Racheospila pectinifera sp. nov.

3, 28-32 mm. Face red, extreme lower edge white except in middle. Palpus

moderate, first and second joints white beneath, strongly mixed with red-brown ;

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 159

third joint moderate, red. Vertex white ; occiput red. Antennal shaft reddish ;

pectinations long for the genus—about six times diameter of shaft. Thorax above

green ; abdomen in part greenish, mixed with red, first tergite with a red spot,

second and fourth each with a large snow-white, red-encircled spot, fifth with a

similar but much smaller spot. Hindtibial process more than half as long as first

tarsal joint.

Wings shaped, coloured and marked about as in alboeciliaria H.-Sch.

(= purpureotincta Warr.), the red markings less purple, approaching those of

molliculata Warr. Forewing with SC! anastomosing or oseulating with OC;

costal margin rather markedly arched, narrowly dark red ; cell-spot rather large,

but not quite so large as in most albociliaria ; postmedian dots (or dashes) only

very slightly whitish-edged distally, the costal one not appreciably enlarged.

Hindwing nearly as forewing, antemedian line only represented by a red dash on M

proximal to the origin of M?, postmedian with more of the red and less of the

white than in albociliaria.

Underside whitish green, the anterior part of forewing greener; dark red

costal margin rather broader than above, projecting a streak at origin of postmedian

line, which is otherwise (in common with the other markings) more or less

completely obsolete ; forewing sometimes with a small red cell-spot.

Peru: Santo Domingo, Carabaya, 6500 ft. (G. R. Ockenden), 7 dd, the type

October 1902, dry season; Tinguri, Carabaya, 3400 ft., January 1905, wet season

(G. R. Ockenden), 1 ¢ ; Huancabamba, Cerro del Pasco (BE. Boettger), 1 d. Also

a small ¢ from Chiriqui, Panama. All in coll. Tring Mus.

A discoloured ?, slightly larger, taken with the type, is no donbt referable

here, though the species, except in the d antennal pectinations, is puzziingly like

molliculata and an insect which I take to be the Peruvian form of adbociliaria,

both of which latter also occur at Santo Domingo.

21. Racheospila rhodonota sp. nov.

3, 34-35 mm. Face and palpus deep vinous or “ pomegranate purple” ;

vertex snow-white; occiput crimson; palpus narrowly pale beneath, short, with

third joint quite small. Antenna white proximally, red distally; pectinations

almost three times as long as diameter of shaft. Collar and thorax above green.

Abdomen above reddish, the first, third, and fourth segments mostly crimson, these

and the second segment sometimes each with a narrow white mediodorsal spot.

Foretibia with innerside and tuft blackish fuscous ; hindtibia with short process

(not quite as long as inner terminal spur).

Forewing with costa very slightly arched, apex rather acute, termen oblique,

scarcely curved ; SC! anastomosing strongly with C and sometimes with SC?, DC?

strongly oblique posteriorly, M! widely separate ; light green, not very opaque,

costal edge vinous nearly to apex, at base inclining to crimson ; markings vinous ;

cell-spot large ; lines represented by short dashes on the veins; antemedian with

the dash on SC smaller, that on M just proximal to the origin of M? ; postmedian

oblique outward or obsolete from costa to R!, about parallel with termen (at 3 mm.

distance) from R! to M', then slightly incurved ; faint indications of a crenulate

pale line, especially as teeth on the veins accompanying the postmedian dashes

distally ; terminal line broken into long dashes ; fringe more yellowish, palest at

base, weakly spotted with reddish. Hindwing with termen convex, scarcely

waved, almost inappreciably bent at R*; DC? very oblique, M! rather widely

160 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

separate ; antemedian only present on M; postmedian, terminal and fringe as on

forewing ; cell-spot rather smaller.

Underside with costal margin of forewing more broadly crimson, especially

proximally, where it is darkened with purplish ; markings feebly reproduced.

Carabaya, Peru: Limbani, 9500 ft., May 1904, type; Agualani, 9000 ft.,

December 1905, wet season. Both in coll. Tring Muas., collected by G. R. Ockenden.

What I take to be the 2, as it occurred in the same localities and has the same

shape and essentially the same markings, is slightly smaller (32-33 mm.), the head

relatively small, with palpus long, third joint not quite as long as second, the red

markings less bright, the white spots on abdomen sometimes enlarged.

Somewhat transitional between groups Id and IA (Gen. Ins., fase. 129, pp. 104,

108), presumably nearer to the former.

22. Racheospila monospilonota sp. nov.

3,34mm. Related to the preceding, agreeing in shape, colour, and scheme

of markings, as also in venation and most points of structure ; hindtibia with

process longer—somewhat over one-half the length of first tarsal joint. Face red,

with a white band near lower edge. ‘Palpus red, with some white admixture.

Vertex white; occiput green. Abdomen without red or white markings; a large

black spot on first tergite.

Forewing above with costal edge narrowly white, only at extreme base narrowly

red; markings blackish, scarcely mixed with red or purple; antemedian dots

scarcely prolonged into dashes ; cell-spot less large than in rhodonota, postmedian

row of dashes more incurved posteriorly ; no terminal line; fringe ochreous whitish,

with an inconspicuous reddish dot at apex. Hindwing with corresponding dis-

tinctions, the cell-dot rather redder than on forewing.

Underside with costal margin of forewing broadly dark red from base to about

one-sixth ; markings very feebly reproduced.

Monte Tolima, Colombia, 3200 m., February 1910 (A. H. Fassl). Type in coll.

Tring Mus.

The quite different shape distinguishes this species at a glance from the

similarly marked nigripes Dogn., which was taken at the same time and place.

In that species the d hindtibia is without process, and there are several other

differences,

23. Racheospila neodmes sp. nov.

3, 28-29 mm.; ?, 30mm. Face green. Palpus in d about one-and-a-half

times diameter of eye, third joint not minute; in ? slightly over two, third joint

long; white, with a few red scales on outer side, third joint mostly red. Vertex

white, occiput narrowly green, a narrow bright-red band intervening. Antenna

white proximally, reddish distally ; pectinations in d about three times diameter

of shaft. Thorax and anterior part of abdomen green above, first abdominal tergite

with a quadrate black spot. Foreleg marked with reddish and fuscous, middle- and

hindleg whitish; hindtibia in d with hair-pencil, but without terminal process.

Forewing with costa slightly arched, apex moderately pointed, termen nearly

straight, oblique ; SC? free, R! connate; whitish green, not very opaque, minutely

irrorated with dark blue-green scales ; costal edge red at base, otherwise (together

with termen) very finely white, separated from the ground-colour by a reddish line

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 161

(at termen bright red, uninterrapted); lines whitish, rather indistinct, scarcely

indicated except as dots on the veins and folds, and from SM? to hindmargin ;

antemedian from cell-fold at less than one-fourth length of wing, oblique to SM? at

well beyond one-third, then vertical ; postmedian oblique outward at first, but very

feeble, parallel with termen at the radials, then incurved, nearly vertical to termen

before two-thirds ; cell-dot large, black mixed with red, its edges not very sharply

defined, surrounded by a very vague pale ring ; fringe white, with a slight tinge

of yellow. Hindwing with termen somewhat convex, extremely slightly bent

about R*; M! connate or barely separate ; as forewing, except costally.

Underside whitish green, with discal dots blackish ; forewing with costal

margin reddish, in proximal part broadly, here somewhat mixed with black ;

terminal red line thick at apex, then slender, soon becoming obsolete.

Carabaya, Peru: Agualani, 9000 ft., October 1905, dry season (type and

another d), September 1905, wet season (?); Limbani, 9500 ft., April 1904. All

in coll. Tring Mus., collected by G. R. Ockenden. Also in coll. L. B. Prout, from

Oconeque, 7000 ft., February 1905, with the lines slightly better expressed.

Nearest diarita Dogn.; larger, rather more pointed-winged, the black spot

at base of abdomen much larger and more concise, occupying the entire length of

the segment, the white dots of abdomen obsolescent, those of the wings less sharp,

hindtibia of d without terminal process, ete.

24. Racheospila carmen sp. nov.

3, 26-28 mm. Closely related to cecilia Prout (Gen. Ins. 129, p. 107), differ-

ing as follows; hindtibia with developed hair-pencil and short terminal process

(length of longer terminal spur, or scarcely as long).

Wings very slightly yellower green.

Forewing with SC! anastomosing with C (free in cecilia) ; a strong blackish

cell-dot, rather larger above than beneath ; postmedian line rather more strongly

oblique inward in front of vein R!; beneath with the smoky suffusion at costal

margin perhaps more extended. Hindwing above (but not beneath) with a sharp,

though small, cell-dot ; postmedian line even more deeply excurved than in cecilia.

Peru: Cushi, Prov. Huanuco, 1900 m. (W. Hoffmanns). Type and others in

coll. Tring Mus.

In both species the costal margin of forewing above is reddish ochreous, with

scarcely a trace of “crimson,” and the terminal line strongest at apex.

25. Racheospila montana sp. nov.

In almost all respects like the preceding, from which it may possibly prove

not specifically distinct ; antennal pectinations perhaps very slightly shorter and

stouter, hindtibial process slightly better developed.

Forewing with the termen in general not quite so straight and oblique, SC!

generally anastomosing at a point only (in one Agualani example free). Distinguish-

able by having the postmedian line denticulate, the teeth on R! and R? of the fore-

wing the most conspicuous, almost W-shaped ; terminal line more conspicuously

interrupted with white dots at vein-ends, sometimes also slightly interrupted midway

between.

Three races, distinct in colour, are before me, and neither is of the same tone

as carmen. All are in coll. Tring Mus.

162 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

Racheospila montana montana. Pale terra-verte, with a slight suspicion of

bluish, the white lines a little thickened.

Agualani, Carabaya, 9000 ft., August— December 1905 (G. R. Ockenden).

Racheospila montana tenuilinea. Pale terra-verte, without suspicion of bluish,

the white lines quite slender.

Oconeque, 7000 ft., July 1904, dry season (G. R. Ockenden).

Racheospila montana smaragdina. Deeper coloured, almost emerald green,

the white lines still finer.

Huancabamba, Cerro de Pasco (E. Boettger).

26. Racheospila viridilinea sp. nov.

3, 24-28 mm.; 2,30 mm. Face green, slightly prominent. Palpus scarcely

reaching beyond face, with third joint quite short ; mostly fuscons, first and second

joints beneath whitish. Vertex broadly white ; occiput green. Antennal shaft

white proximally, reddish distally ; pectinations scarcely twice as long as diameter

of shaft. Thorax and part of abdomen green above; abdomen with small white

spots at posterior end of segments. Foretibia infuscated on upper and inner side ;

hindtibia with process about half as long as first tarsal joint.

Forewing with apex moderately sharp, termen almost straight, oblique, SC?

free ; bright bice green, a little brighter than in most of the allies (diarita group) ;

costal edge narrowly white, then narrowly ochreous, at extreme base tinged with

red ; lines white, very fine, not interrupted; antemedian very slightly angulated

outward on M; postmedian from about two-thirds costa, slightly incurved near its

origin, right-angled at R!, thence extremely slightly Iunulate-dentate (sometimes

appearing to the naked eye almost smooth), forming an extremely gentle inward

curve in posterior half; discal dot black, strong ; terminal line obsolete ; fringe

whitish ochreous, unspotted. Hindwing with termen rather full, bluntly bent in

middle, M! connate or very shortly stalked ; cell-dot as on forewing ; first line

curved, rather near cell-dot; postmedian rather more dentate than on forewing,

projecting outward at R’—M!, incurved between M? and SM’.

Forewing beneath in anterior part (nearly to hindmargin proximally, less

extended distally) deeper green than in the allies ; costal edge whitish, tinged with

red in proximal half; cell-dot present; a vagne white, proximally green-edged

postmedian line ; a fuscous-reddish apical dot on fringe. Hindwing whitish, greener

from base to the place of the antemedian line; cell-dot present; a conspicuous

green postmedian line, following the proximal edge of the white line of upperside.

Santo Domingo, Carabaya, Peru, 6000 ft., December 1901, March—May 1902,

7 $d, December 1902, 1 2 (G. R. Ockenden), in coll. Tring Mus.

Most easily recognised by the underside. A race (?) with termen of forewing

rather more oblique, of hindwing less bent, ground-colour slightly paler, cell-dots

sometimes minute, occurs at Cushi (coll. Tring Mus.) and Huancabamba (coll. L. B.

Prout); on the upperside this rather recalls carmen Prout.

27. Racheospila cosmeta peruviana subsp. nov.

Face more uniformly red than in cosmeta cosmeta Prout, from Mexico and

Costa Rica (in which it is markedly white at lower edge and upper corners).

Abdomen with the white spots smaller, though sharply expressed.

Forewing with a conspicuous blackish-red cell-dot ; fringe more conspicuously

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 163

barred with red beyond middle.

cell-dot ; fringe as on forewing.

Peru: Santo Domingo, Carabaya, 6000—6500 ft., a series of both sexes,

including the type; Tinguri, Carabaya, 3400 ft., 1 ¢ ; Huancabamba, Cerro de}

Pasco, 2 dd. Type in coll. Tring Mus.

Hindwing with a more minute blackish-red

28. Racheospila degener sp. nov.

d, 19 mm. Face red, near upper extremity with a white dot on each side

Palpus extending little beyond frons ; white, second and third joints marked with

red on outer side. Vertex white; occiput green. Antennal shaft white proximally ;

pectinations rather stiff, little longer than diameter of shaft. Thorax above green ;

abdomen marked with red on first, third, and fourth tergites, in one example with

enclosed white spots, in the other apparently only with a few white scales (slightly

discoloured). Hindtibia with process about half the length of first tarsal joint.

Forewing with apex not very sharp, termen very slightly curved, moderately

oblique ; SC! free or anastomosing with Ü ; malachite green, about as in sitellaria

Guen. (slightly more opaque than in cosmeta Prout); costal edge narrowly whitish ;

lines fine, white; antemedian very faint; postmedian not at all dentate, obsolete

anteriorly, distinct from R! to hindmargin, forming the slightest possible inward

curve from R?; cell-dot black, minute; terminal line very fine, blackish dotted

with red, interrupted by whitish dots at veins; fringe ample, ochreous whitish,

clearest in distal half, proximal half with indistinct red spots opposite the veins.

Hindwing more strongly bulg d in anterior part than in cosmeta, roundly prominent

about R?; M! stalked; first line obsolete; postmedian complete, obtusely bent

about R*; cell-dot, terminal line and fringe as on forewing.

Underside paler; cell-dots present but weaker; forewing also with traces of

postmedian.

La Soledad, Entre Rios, close to Uruguay frontier, December 14 and 30, 190%

(Miss E. A. Britton). 2 dd in coll. Tring Mus.

A pygmy relative of cosmeta Prout.

29. Racheospila tisstigmaria scotocephala subsp. nov.

3, 32-36 mm. Larger than name-typical tésstigmaria Dyar (= magnidiscata

Prout). Face more blackened ; occiput mixed with blackish fuscous.

Forewing in general more heavily clouded costally in the region of the cell-

spot and again at. costal end of subterminal row of dots. Hindwing slightly less

bent at end of R? than in fsstigmaria tisstigmaria, antemedian line less conspicuous.

(not thickened) at abdominal margin.

N.E. Pera: Cushi, Huanuco, 1900 m. (W. Hoffmanns), type and another;

Huancabamba, Cerro del Pasco (E. Boettger). Also from Canon del Tolima,

Colombia, 1700 m. All in coll. Tring Mus.

The dorsal markings of the abdomen of this species have not been described, as

my type had the body discoloured and Dyar described the wings only. The first.

tergite bears a moderately large (longer than broad) blackish spot, and the posterior

end of the third and of the fourth tergite each a rather smaller blackish spot.

Except for this difference and the black terminal dots, and the fact that M. Dognin

himself has sunk nigrieineta Warr. to his puntillada, I should have been inclined,

from the description, to identify tisstiymaria scotocephala with the last-named.

164 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916,

30. Racheospila radiolinea sp. nov.

3, 32-37 mm. Face brown, very narrowly white below. Palpus scarcely

reaching beyond frons ; darker brown, white beneath. Vertex green. Antennal

pectinations scarcely longer than diameter of shaft. Patagia and base of tegulae

green ; thorax otherwise mostly fuscous above, metathorax with a green spot.

Abdomen dorsally fuscous at base, then mediodorsally green, the segments (especially

the fourth) more or less spotted with fuscous posteriorly ; subdorsally fuscous.

Body beneath pale. Legs whitish, the foretibia mixed with fuscous ; hindtibial

process reaching scarcely beyond middle of first tarsal joint.

Forewing with SC! free ; rather light green, not very opaque, costal margin

dark reddish fuscous ; markings dark reddish fuscous ; a small basal patch, mixed

with blackish, its edge rather oblique outward and somewhat angled outward on M;

antemedian line double, somewhat confluent into a bar, rather oblique outward from

costa to M, then obsolete or slenderly connected behind M with median band: a

median band, composed of more or less confluent lines, in anterior half 3-4 mm.

broad, enclosing the large black cell-spot, in posterior half suddenly narrow, con-

sisting of two wavy lines 1 mm. apart, running from base of M? to hindmargin,

with more or less dark shading between them ; a longitudinal fuscous shade between

R? and R? from median band to postmedian, containing a conspicuous black line

along the fold ; postmedian line rather near termen, dentate, blackish in its anterior

part, vaguer in its posterior, deeply incurved between M? and SM?; placed on

fuscous shading, which is rather broad in anterior part, narrow or obsolescent in

posterior, subterminal dots placed on the dentate edges of this band; terminal

vein-dots strong, that at R? enlarged; dots weakly continued on fringe. Hind-

wing not very broad, termen slightly waved, a little prominent at R?; M! connate

or stalked ; concolorous with forewing ; a fuscous, black-mixed spot close to base,

containing a minute green dot in cell; antemedian lines and cell-spot wanting ;

median double line continued, but very vague or almost obsolete except towards

abdominal margin, a strong outward curve discernible between the radials, blackish

inward dots conspicuous on M (proximal to origin of M?) and SM?; postmedian line

and subterminal dots formed nearly as on forewing, the accompanying band slight

and narrow, scarcely noticeable anteriorly ; terminal dots as on forewing.

Underside similarly but more feebly marked, only the cell-spot and auterior

part of postmedian band of forewing usually strong.

Upper Amazon: Fonte Boa, June 1906 (type), May and September 1906;

Santo Antonio de Javary, May 1907 (S. M. Klages). Colombia: Allianca, below

S. Antonio, Rio Madeira, November— December 1907 (W. Hoffmanns). Bolivia:

Charaplaya, 1300 m., June 1901 (Simons); Buenavista, 750 m., August 1906 to

April 1907 (Steinbach). Allin coll. Tring Mus.

Belongs to the conspersa group.

31. Racheospila promontoria dilata subsp. nov.

3. Both wings with the patch at middle of hindmargin somewhat darkened

and considerably widened, on the forewing nearly twice as broad as in name-typical

promontoria Warr., its proximal edge arising on M at 1 mm. nearer the base than

the origin of M? (in promontoria promontoria at the origin of M?), its distal edge

rather nearer the termen than in promontoria promontoria. In addition, the patch

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 165

generally encroaches a little into the cell, whereas in the name-type it is sharply

bounded by M except about the discocellulars.

N.E. Peru : Huancabamba, near Cerro del Pasco (E. Boettger), type and others ;

Cushi, Prov. Huanuco, 1900 m. (W. Hoffmanns). Type in coll. Tring Mus.

32. Racheospila schmassmanni sp. nov.

3, 22 mm. Face and palpus reddish, the latter quite short and slender.

Antennal pectinations long. Crown green, narrowly white in front. Thorax and

abdomen somewhat discoloured, evidently green dorsally, the abdomen apparently

with traces of two or three small white dorsal spots. Hindtibia not dilated, the

spurs rather long.

Forewing with apex moderately acute ; SC! anastomosing with C ; blue-green,

strigulated with whitish, similarly to Prasinocyma vermicularia Guen., ete.; a

small black dot on radial fold just outside the cell, its longitudinal measurement

slightly exceeding its transverse; no trace of lines. Hindwing with costal

dilatation at base rather marked; termen rounded, tornus not very sharp; M! well

separate; like forewing.

Underside paler, without markings, costal area of forewing basally tinged with

dull rosy.

Chanchamayo, Peru. Type in coll. L. B. Prout, kindly presented by Mr. W.

Schmassmann, to whom I dedicate it.

M. Dognin writes me that this is “exact to léicada Dogn. (from Ecuador)

except in size” (20 mm. by continental measurement) “and the tint, which is

darker green.” The description of licada, however, does not mention the strigula-

tion, and it is said to have the lines indicated by slight rows of vein-dots (absolutely

wanting in schmassmanni), the discal dots brown, that of the forewing present also

beneath. If the palpus, antenna, leg, etc., allow of its retention in Racheospila,

schmassmanni (together presumably with Zicada) should probably form a new

section, perhaps nearest to group 4.

33. Racheospila minor (Warr.)

The statement (Gen. Ins. 129, p. 105) that SC? of forewing is stalked beyond

SC? rests on an unaccountable error of observation. There remain only the shape

and facies to suggest that the species is “erratic” in the genus.

34. Racheospila suppomposa sp. nov.

3,27-30 mm. Face rosy above, white below. Palpus more than twice as long

as diameter of eye, third joint not as long as second; rosy, with first joint and

part of second beneath white. Antenna white, becoming tinged with red distally.

Vertex white. Occiput narrowly rosy. Collar rosy. Metathorax and abdomen

red-brown, with a row of large white dorsal spots (the first one or two sometimes

shaded with red-brown), becoming small on posterior segments.

Forewing delicate green, less pale and translucent than in leucoceraria Snell.,

but not opaque; costal edge deep rose-colour in basal one-fourth, then narrowly

white, towards apex (and sometimes very slenderly throughout) narrowly underlined

with red; both lines present, whitish, the antemedian obtusely angled outward at

both folds, the postmedian lunulate-dentate, with the teeth acute, pointing distally

on the veins; receding slightly from termen anteriorly to R'; discal dot minute,

166 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

deep rosy ; terminal line fine, deep rosy, very slightly crescentic between the veins,

forming a very small swelling from tornus and across SM’; fringe white, tinged

with rosy in distal half and with strong subtriangular rosy spots opposite the

veins.—Hindwing quite similar, the first line sometimes obsolete, the terminal line

thickening also very slightly at apex.

Underside more whitish green, the lines scarcely traceable ; otherwise similar.

Tucuman, 1100 m., January—February 1905 (J. Steinbach). 3 dd in coll.

Tring Mus.

Very near pomposa Dogn. (= diaphana Warr., Nov. Zool. viii. 450, nov. syn.),

terminal joint of palpus rather less long, wings brighter green, cell-dots smaller,

terminal line appreciably thickened at tornus and on hindwing at apex.

35. Racheospila pomposa indecora subsp. nov.

3%, 19-23 mm. Smaller than pomposa pomposa Dogn., cell-dots minute,

terminal line scarcely expanding between the veins.

Mexico: Guadalajara, November 1893 (W. Schaus), type in coll. Tring Mus. ;

Jalapa, June 1896 and June 1897 (W. Schaus). Nicaragua: Jinotega, 3400 ft.,

January 1906 (M. G. Palmer), in coll. Tring. Mus.

Labelled by Schaus “ congruata Walk.,” but that is an example of sigillaria

Guen. from Haiti (not sitellaria, where it is wrongly cited in Lep. Cat., Hemith.

1% ZA)

36. Racheospila dependens independens subsp. nov.

Differs from name-typical dependens Warr. as follows: dentate transverse lines

distinct, whitish; the “brown-red ” markings lighter, less purplish ; costal streak

of forewing less broad; cell-spots on an average smaller, that of forewing not

or scarcely confluent with costal streak; dark costal projection at beginning of

postmedian line faint or obsolete ; tornal blotch reduced, especially on forewing.

Oconeque, Carabaya, Peru, 7000 ft., dry season, July 1904 and February 1905

(G. R. Ockenden), in different collections ; type ¢ in coll. Tring Mus.

37. Nemoria mustela monostigma subsp. nov.

d, 26 mm. Smaller than mustela mustela Druce from Central America ;

forewing with distinct red, black-mixed discal dot, the lines without the reddish

dots on the veins and especially at hindmargin which are conspicuous in the name-

type ; the postmedian on both wings more strongly defined, placed slightly farther

from termen.

San Cajetano, Colombia, 8000 ft., September 1902. Type in coll. Tring Mus.

The hindtibia shows a well-developed terminal process, which is wanting in the

unique type of mustela; in the latter, however, the sole hindleg is so badly abraded

that it is impossible to say it may not have existed. The new form, however, may

well prove a distinct species.

38. Nemoria rubrifrontaria (Pack.)

Racheospila rubrifrontaria Pack., Rep. Peab. Acad. Sci. v. 76 (1873) ; Prout, Gen. Ins. 129. p. 104.

Aplodes rubrifrontaria Pack., Mon. Geom. U.S.A. p. 386, t. 10, f. 87 (1876).

This not uncommon species is unrepresented in the British Museum collection,

and was unknown to me when I revised the subfamily. On the strength of mis-

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 167

identified material in the collection named, I unfortunately misplaced the species in

Racheospila. It is of course a close relative of mimosaria Guen., and must be

referred to Nemoria (= Aplodes Guen.), for the terminal joint of the palpus is

quite short in both sexes.

39, Tachychlora prasia sp. nov.

‚22 mm. Close to favicoma Warr., of which it may possibly prove a form.

Forewing slightly narrower, rather duller, greyer ; the beginnings of the two

lines on hindmargin rather far apart, with stronger rosy suffusions between them.

Hindwing with the greenish shade at base fainter, rather more extended

distally but almost obsolete along abdominal margin; boundary-line of the yellow

area red with a few black scales (not black), rather thick, less incurved on DC}

(DC itself rather less curved) ; strong red distal projections from this line along

R! and R?, joining the postmedian shade, which is also more reddish and diffuse

than in flavicoma ; distal area duller grey-green.

Hindwing beneath with the yellow patch less noticeable than in flavicoma ; an

elongate blackish discal mark.

Rio Huacamayo, Carabaya, Pern, 3100 ft., June 1904, dry season (G. R.

Ockenden). Type in coll. Tring Mus.

A specimen of flavicoma from Yahuarmayo, S.E. Peru, agrees absolutely with

the Fonte Boa series determined by Warren and fitting his description. Both this

and prasia differ (at least racially) from uricha Kaye. _

40. Phrudocentra agari sp. nov.

3, 33mm. Closely like the largest examples of pupillata Warr. and vivida

Warr.,* palpus rather longer (one-and-three-quarter times diameter of eye),

antennal pectinations longer (four times diameter of shaft), hindtibia very little

dilated, without terminal process.

Forewing with termen rather more oblique, very slightly bent at R*.

Hindwing with abdominal margin very long, termen strongly bent at R?; the black

antemedian patch between DC and abdominal margin wanting.

Dominica (E. A. Agar). Type in coll. Tring Mus.

41. Phrudocentra contaminata sp. nov.

3, 32-33 mm.; ?, 38-39 mm. Head green, with a few white dots. Palpus

in d 13, third joint less than half as long as second; in ? 2, third joint more

than half second ; white, the second joint (except beneath) and the third rather

strongly mixed with fuscous. Antenna fuscons, in ¢ rather shortly pectinate

(branches scarcely over twice as long as diameter of shaft); in 2 scarcely serrate.

Thorax green, mixed with white beneath. Abdomen above green, with small

white, dark-surrounded dots, as in trimaculata Warr. Legs pale ; foretibia mixed

with fuscous ; hindtibia in d not appreciably dilated.

Forewing with termen in 6 scarcely, in ? slightly, sinuate (inward anteriorly,

outward behind middle) ; green, behind M and M? and distally to postmedian line

in a tapering patch from tornus about to R! clouded with dirty olivaceous grey ;

lines olivaceous, faint at costa; antemedian fine, gently and rather regularly

* vivida Warr., which I have hitherto sunk to pupillata, seems only to differ in the shorter (almost

obsolete) terminal process of the ¢ hindtibia, and is at present problematic.

168 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

curved; postmedian nearly straight, very slightly oblique, 3 or 4 mm. from termen

anteriorly, 4 or 5 mm. posteriorly, edged distally by a violet-whitish line ; cell-dot

small, black; a rather large black dot at apex. Hindwing with termen only

very feebly (in ? scarcely) bent at R?; M! just separate; the olive-grey clouding

covering most of the wing, leaving an ill-defined green distal area of about 4 mm.

width at abdominal margin but narrowing and becoming lost in the suffusion before

apex; discal dot present ; postmedian line as on forewing, but scarcely beyond

middle of wing.

Underside with the suffusions darker purple-grey, at hindmargin of forewing

and in places on hindwing irregularly relieved with whitish; forewing otherwise

green, with minute discal dot ; hindwing whitish.

La Oroya, Rio Inambari, S.E. Peru, 3100 ft., March 1905, wet season (G. R.

Ockenden), type d in coll. Tring Mus.; September 1904, dry season, 18,2 22.

Santo Domingo, Carabaya, 6000 ft., November 1901, wet season.

Distinguished from ¢rimaculata Warr. by the much less angulated hindwing,

the regularly curved postmedian line of forewing, larger apical dot, etc.

42. Phrudocentra albicoronata sp. nov.

3. Closely like opaca Butl. (= abscondita Warr., nov. syn.), from the Amazons

and Peru, differing as follows. Vertex broadly white (in opaca green, with only a

very slight white admixture, or at most a narrow white band). Hindtibia with

a small hair-pencil which is wanting in opaca.

Forewing above on an average with less dark clouding. Hindwing more

angulated at R?, almost as in condensata Warr. ; beneath with the purple-fuscous

postmedian spots extended into an almost uninterrupted sinuous band from costa

near apex to M? or submedian fold.

Venezuela: San Esteban, June—July 1909 (S. M. Klages), type and seven

others in coll. Tring Mus. ; Cucuta, a worn d in the same collection.

A local race (?), from Sixola River, Costa Rica, determined by Schaus as opaca,

has the postmedian band beneath broader and denser. I have before me only one

of each sex, the 2 antenna bipectinate almost as in opaca, but with the branches

slightly shorter, -

43. Phrudocentra eccentrica sp. nov.

?,40 mm. Palpus slightly over twice as long as diameter of eye ; mostly

pale, the second joint, and the third except at its tip, with minute scattered fuscous

strigulae. Antennal pectinations unusually long (five or six times diameter of

shaft), appreciably thickened towards their tips. Wing-shape, coloration and

general aspect of trimaculata Warr.

Forewing with apical black dash stronger than in trimaculata ; first line

obsolescent, an ill-defined grey cloud placed behind M just proximal to the origin

of M?; postmedian line whiter and considerably more slender than in trimaculata,

slightly more oblique. Hindwing (as in trimaculata intermedia) without dark

subapical spots; a cloudy grey antemedian band, at the distal edge of which

stands the minute cell-dot ; postmedian line as on forewing.

Forewing beneath with the dark postmedian band as in many examples of

trimaculata (broadening strongly behind, reaching tornus), the posterior dark shade

almost confined to a patch behind M just proximal to the origin of M?, thus well

NovITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 169

isolated (except for some very feeble greyish shading) from the postmedian band.

Hindwing beneath with both the dark bands strong and sharply defined, the ground-

colour, especially between them, more whitish than in ¢rimaculata, quite free from

grey clouding.

Sapucay, Paraguay, November 23, 1904 (W. Foster). Type in coll. Tring Mus.

A single d from the same source, September 15, 1904, is considerably smaller

(30 mm.) ; forewing with apex less produced, antemedian line indicated, the dark

cloud being absent on upperside; hindwing with termen less strongly bent in

middle. Its absolute agreement with the ? type in all other respects (except of

course the shorter palpus) seems to leave no doubt as to its identity; but the

pectinations are shorter (scarcely over three times diameter of shaft), and this is

such an unexampled phenomenon in the lepidoptera that I have made the more

striking ? the type. No other species of the group is yet known from Paraguay.

44, Dichorda rhodocephala sp. nov.

36, 26-30 mm.; ?, 36 mm. Head predominantly red, even the white crown

being spotted or mixed with red; the occiput red. Palpus dark purple-red, first

and second joints white beneath. Antenna proximally red; in $ not pectinate.

Thorax and base of abdomen green above; the rest of abdomen mostly dirty pale

ochreous, second tergite with a large, third with a small white spot at end, narrowly

edged, except behind, with red. Fore and middle femora and tibiae with dark

purple-red spot at end, that of foretibia extended proximally so as to cover a large

part of the joint.

Forewing with SC! free; bright uniform green, as in rectaria Grote; costal

edge dark purple-red nearly to apex (most broadly towards base), somewhat spotted

(scarcely at base) with white ; first line obsolete ; cell-dot minute; postmedian line

whitish, with slight suggestion of narrow dark yellow-green edging proximally,

nearly straight from beyond five-sixths costa to two-thirds hindmargin.

Hindwing without red costa or dark discal dot; line continued, straight, ending

at nearly two-thirds abdominal margin.

Forewing beneath paler green, becoming whitish posteriorly ; costal edge

narrowly ochreous-whitish, spotted with red ; cell-dot present; line feebly indicated.

Hindwing whitish green, a little brighter at apex and along anterior part of termen ;

white line indicated.

Jamaica, 2¢d,1 ? in coll. Tring Mus.

Nearest rectaria Grote, from North America, distinguished by the redder head,

the abdominal ornamentation, obsolesceuce of first line, etc. Seems to have been

confused with the very different 277s Butl. (Amazons and Peru), of which uniformis

Warr. (Trinidad, Colombia, Venezuela, and the Guianas) is the more northerly

representative. In both these the ? antenna is bipectinate.

Racheolopha Warr.

When I prepared fascieule 129 of Genera Insectorum, I was greatly in

doubt about this genus, being unable to study the species on which its author

founded it (miccularia, Guen., Warr. det.); and to add to the confusion, I un-

accountably attributed to rufilimes Warr. a 4-spurred hindtibia. I have now seen

the specimen which Mr. Warren had before him, besides several other examples

of the same species (= imula Dogn.), and can}provisionally accept it as Guenée’s

170 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916,

miccularia. It is structurally like sarptaria Möschl. (ecuadorata Dogn.), and

not inconceivably a form thereof with the marginal blotches greatly reduced.

Thus the name Racheolopha really belongs to the genus which I provisionally

called ‘‘ Auophyllodes, Section IL” (Gen. Ins. 129, p. 131), though recognising

an apparently generic distinction in the venation—SC? of forewing arising

before SC*.

Oospiloma gen. nov.

Characters of Oospila Warr., but all spurs of the hindtibia well developed.

DC’ in both wings (variable in Oospila) is somewhat inbent anteriorly, then

oblique outward.

Type of the genus: Oospiloma thalassina (Warr.) = Oospila thalassina Warr.

Here also belongs lacteguttata Warr. (Nov. Zool. xvi. 85), and probably

peralta Schaus (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. [8] x. 297), which, according to a figure

of the type, should be close to Zacteguttata, if not a local race thereof. In

thalassina the third joint of the palpus is relatively long, in lacteguttata quite

small, so that it may almost be considered that the former stands near the parent

stock of Oospila, the latter of Progonodes ; even superficially, lacteguttata bears a

good deal of resemblance to Progonodes holochroa Prout.

45. Oospila rhodophragma ‘sp. nov.

3,30 mm. Face reddish ochreous, paler on lower half. Palpus very short ;

ochreous, narrowly whitish beneath. Vertex snow-white. Occiput red. Antenna

ochreous, the shaft white proximally. Thorax above green. Abdomen above

narrowly green anteriorly, mixed with white posteriorly ; crests red.

Forewing with SC! free, R! stalked, M! almost connate; bright apple-green,

opaque ; costal edge red at base, then broadly snow-white, separated from ground-

colour by a red streak; cell-dot red, mixed with black ; lines obsolete; distal

margin very narrowly snow-white, separated from the ground-colour by a slightly

crenulate red, black-mixed line, which thickens so as almost to touch the margin

at the vein-ends; fringe snow-white proximally, pale yellow distally, divided in

places by an extremely fine reddish line, and marked opposite the veins with

elongate, subtriangular red spots, whose apices point basewards. Hindwing

with termen slightly waved, almost rectangularly bent at R?; DC? slightly oblique,

DC? strongly inbent anteriorly, then oblique outward, M! just stalked ; cell-dot,

termen and fringe as on forewing.

Underside whitish green ; costal edge of forewing broadly reddish ochreous,

becoming whitish distally, and with a slight reddish flush in cell; fringes as

above, but not quite so bright.

Codajas, Upper Amazon, April 1907 (S. M. Klages). Type in coll. Tring Mus.

Very distinct from all known species.

46. Oospila pellucida sp. nov.

32, 29-31 mm. Face red, rather lighter below. Palpus with third joint

in d short, in ? moderately elongate; dull red, beneath whitish. Vertex white,

narrowly red-edged behind. Antenna ochreous, with shaft white proximally ;

pectinations in ? moderately long. Thorax above green. Abdomen above pale

green, fading to ochreous ; crests glossy dark ruby red, mixed with some whitish

scales. Hindtibia in d simple.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII 1916. 171

Forewing with SC! free, R! well stalked, M! connate or short-stalked ; pale,

translucent blue-green, with some extremely slender violet-grey strigulae ; costal

edge bright orange-yellow ; cell-dot small, blackish; termen very narrowly pinkish

white, at vein-ends pure white, a fine, slightly crenulate pinkish line separating

the border from the ground-colour ; terminal line blackish, slightly waved, scarcely

interrupted at vein-ends ; fringe pinkish, with darker spots opposite the veins.

Hindwing with termen slightly waved, not or scarcely bent at R*; M! stalked;

termen and fringe as on forewing, cell-dot still smaller.

Underside blue-whitish, glossy, the forewing, except at hindmargin, with

slight pinkish reflections ; costal edge of forewing orange-yellow; cell-dots scarcely

indicated ; a red terminal line; fringes nearly as above.

La Oroya, Rio Inambari, 3100 ft., September 1904, dry season (G. R.

Ockenden), type and another ¢; Tinguri, 3400 ft., August 1904, 1 2; La Union,

Rio Huacamayo, 2000 ft., November 1904, wet season, 1 ¢. All in coll. Tring Mus.

O. coerulea Warr., which bears some superficial resemblance to this species, is

less translucent and differs structurally in both sexes, the d hindtibia being clothed

with very long hair and the antenna being simple.

47. Oospila tricamerata sp. nov.

3, 29-22 mm.; ?, 32-36 mm. Very similar to rufiplaga obsolescens Warr.

(Nov. Zool. xvi. 86, erroneously as trilunaria ab.), differing as follows: d antennal

pectinations longer; ? palpus with third joint almost as long as diameter of eye

(in rufiplaga half as long). Both wings with the borders duller, the pink parts

being white, sometimes almost entirely obscured by dark speckling.

Forewing with the patch at the radials always developed (in rufiplaga some-

times wanting). Hindwing with a corresponding patch (always wanting in

rufiplaga) ; tornal blotch of forewing generally narrower, in any case differently

shaped, especially in the ¢,in which sex in rufiplaga its anterior edge is well

rounded, receding to M? at termen, whereas in ¢ricamerata it continues to slope

forward, reaching termen between M? and M!'.

Amazons: Fonte Boa, May (type) and August 1906, July and August 1907

(S. M. Klages); Codajas, April 1907 ; a series in coll. Tring Mus. French Guiana:

Godebert-Maroni, a d in coll. L. B. Prout.

48. Oospila circumsignata sp. nov.

6, 28-31 mm. Face and upperside of palpus dull red, palpus beneath

ochreous whitish. Vertex and base of antennal shaft white; pectinations about

as in albicoma Feld. Thorax above green. Abdomen above mostly wine-purple,

anteriorly with some green between this and the pale venter; anal end and tuft

ochreous whitish ; crests dark dull purple, with bronzy admixture.

Forewing chromium green, more translucent than in albicoma ; costal edge

narrowly yellow ochreous ; a very irregular distal border vinaceous rufous, be-

coming more vinaceous proximally and separated from the ground-colour by a deep

purple line (really vinaceous overlaid with black), which becomes thick and diffuse

at the radials and especially between M and hindmargin ; this border narrows to a

point at apex, becomes about 4 mm. wide behind R}, narrows rapidly behind R?,

is only 1-2 mm. wide at and just behind M!, after which its proximal boundary

runs in baseward, and even curves slightly forward, so as to touch M! at its origin,

finally running almost vertically to hindmargin from origin of M? ; a minute black

172 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

dot on DC? ; some scattered blackish dots and strigulae on the rufous border; traces

of a dark terminal line ; fringe rufous. Hindwing concolorous, the black cell-

dot obsolete; faint indications of an elongate white dot on DC’; the distal border

about the medians shaped as on forewing, anteriorly widening so as to embrace apex

and distal part of costa, at abdominal margin tapering to a point opposite the origin

of M? or M! instead of running forward so as to touch the base of these veins.

Underside whitish green, the borders extremely vagnely indicated in whitish

fleshy.

Fonte Boa, Upper Amazon, August 1907 (type) and July 1907 (S. M. Klages),

in coll. Tring Mus.

Distinguished from the rest of the albicoma group by the coloration and

especially by the continuous distal borders. rubescens Warr., Proc. U.S, Nat.

Mus. xxx. 423 (unknown to me), may, according to the description, be similar in

some respects, though I am more inclined to suspect it will prove to be a.

Racheolopha akin to (sarptaria Möschl.? =) ecuadorata Dogn.

49. Chloropteryx viridicans sp. nov.

3, 23-24 mm. Extremely like the larger forms of albidata Warr., which

occurs at the same time and place. Much more strongly mixed with olive-green,

which becomes the prevailing colour, leaving only dots and strigulae of white x

the lines in consequence standing ont less sharply; costal edge of forewing

in general less strongly dark-dotted (but somewhat variable in both species), on

the underside crimson proximally, ochreous underlined with crimson distally (in

albidata more or less ochreous throughout, though commonly somewhat mixed

with red proximally) ; hindwing with termen slightly excised anteriorly to the

tail at R*. The face in both species is ochreous more or less mixed with red,

especially in upper part ; but the red appears more dominant in viridicans.

Torné, Colombia, August 1907, type in coll. L. B. Prout. Five others entirely

agreeing.

Notwithstanding the absence of intermediates, it is just possible that this may-

be an aberration of albidata (? Mendelian), but the difference of shape, slight

though it is, warrants its being regarded as a species. M. Dognin writes me that

in his series of forty-eight albidata not one is of the green of viridicans, and the

same remark applies to the very considerable material which I have been able to

examine, including some in exquisite condition.

50. Eueana eucrines sp. nov.

d, 21 mm. Face green. Palpus moderate, third joint short ; white, above

green. Vertex and antennal shaft white. Occiput narrowly green. Thorax above

green. Abdomen above green anteriorly, second, third, and fourth segments each

with a white dot at end, succeeding segments more mixed with white, anal dot and

underside wholly white. Legs white.

Forewing with SC! from cell, anastomosing strongly with C; emerald green,

costal edge narrowly dull purplish ; discal dot mixed purplish and black ; a fine

white, slightly sinuous postmedian line about 2 mm. from termen, becoming obso~

lescent at costa, from R? to hindmargin very strongly edged proximally with dull

purplish ; fringe mixed with purplish, especially towards tornus. Hindwing with

termen smooth ; concolorous with forewing ; two rather large, dull vinous-purple,

somewhat black-mixed spots proximally to middle, the larger on and just outside

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 173

the cross-vein, the smaller between M and SM?; a fine curved white, proximally

purple-edged postmedian line 2:5 mm. from termen ; fringe mixed with purplish,

especially at apex.

Underside whitish green, with dark cell-marks, hindwing also with indications

of the purplish spot distally to the cell.

E. Bolivia: Buenavista, 750 m., August 1906 to April 1907 (Steinbach). Type

in coll. Tring. Mus.

Very distinct from all known species ; best referred for the present to Eueana.

Chloractis Warr.

To this genus may be provisionally added “ Melochlora” obnubilata Warr.,

Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxx. 419, which was unknown to me when I published my

revision (see Gen. Ins. fasc. 129, p. 123, Phrudocentra, Sect. IV.). In spite of its

superficial resemblance to P. hydatodes, on which Warren comments, I find it has

lost the frenulum. It differs from CAloractis pulcherrima in having the second

joint of the palpus rougher-scaled beneath and in wanting the terminal process of

the d hindtibia, besides a few points which are still more obviously not generic,

such as the rather longer antennal pectinations and the slightly less extreme position

of R?; SC! of the forewing, so far as I have yet observed, is free and M! of the

hindwing is not stalked, but these slight modifications I find sometimes occur even.

in the type species ( pulcherrima).

51. Chloractis tanaoptera sp. nov.

3,30 mm. Closely related to obnubilata Warr. and agreeing well in stracture,,

though the antenna bears appreciably longer pectinations and has a somewhat

longer non-pectinate apical part. Conspicuously different in shape.

Forewing with termen straighter and more oblique; pale translucent green,

with minute but conspicuous black cell-dot, a narrow, cloudy, smoke-coloured band.

just proximal to this, strongest at hindmargin and fading out towards costa, a thick,

straishtish postmedian line 4 mm. from termen, distal area almost entirely smoky,

with a reddish or purplish hue, only at the costa, apex, and very narrowly along a.

part of the distal margin remaining green. Hindwing with abdominal margin

considerably longer than in the other species, recalling the shape of a Hemithea or

Thalassodes ; coloured and marked nearly as forewing, but with the postmedian

line forming a moderate sinus outward between R? and M?.

Forewing beneath with the base vaguely suffused; both wings with antemedian

band present, distal shade darker smoke-colour than above but rather more restricted,

particularly on the hindwing, where it leaves free a green distal margin commencing

as a point close to apex and gradually though not quite regularly widening until it

restricts the smoky shade almost to vanishing-point at abdominal margin.

French Guiana: St.-Jean-de-Maroni, January. Type in coll. L. B. Prout.

SUBFAMILY STERRHINAE

52. Atyria dichroides sp. nov.

Very similar to Cyllopoda claudicula Dalm. (Anal. Ent. 102), differing as

follows: palpus short, antennal pectinations very short (in claudicula less so),

areole single (in claudicula usually double), hindwing with the black longitudinal

streak narrowed, concentrating on M? (in claudicula on M!-M?), hindwing beneath

174 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916,

with costal margin to one-half or beyond yellow (in claudicula only its extreme

base) abdomen more narrowly yellow laterally, paler ventrally.

S. Brazil, type (no doubt from Porto Alegre ; received through Staudinger) in

coll. L. B. Prout. “ Peru,” 3 &Z in coll. Brit. Mus.

Perhaps a form of attenuata Warr. (Nov. Zool. vii. 125), but the antennal

pectinations appear slightly shorter and stouter, the size is somewhat larger, the

yellow patches of forewing rather more ample, the black streak along M and M! of

hindwing of more uniform width throughout, and there is a narrow black streak

(line) along the fold, which is wanting in Warren’s species.

This species (or form) has passed as dichroa Perty, but Perty’s careful

description and figure (Del. Anim. 161, t. 32, f. 8) are decisive against this ; if his

species is not (as I firmly believe it to be) a mere slight aberration of claudicula,

it is a Cyllopoda unknown to me; the elongate third joint of d palpus fixes the

genus,

53. Atyria albifrons sp. nov.

3. Closely like postica Walk. (List Lep. Ins. ii. 371), but with shorter antennal

pectinations (scarcely over twice diameter of shaft, in postica four times), face white,

tegula black. On the forewing the yellow posterior blotch is bounded by the

median vein about to the middle of the wing, its edge then curves rather steeply

and finally falls vertically on the hindmargin 3 or 4 mm. from toraus. Distal

border of hindwing about 2-2°5 mm. wide, of almost uniform breadth throughont,

varying very little in the four specimens; an exceedingly fine black inner-marginal

edge to this wing.

Peru, 4 in coll. Brit. Mus., presented by W. Schaus (apparently as postica).

54. Atyria mnemosyne sp. nov.

3,38 mm. Face, vertex, palpus and antenna black; the palpus rather short ;

the antenna with somewhat projecting joints, each bearing two pairs of fascicles

of long cilia ; postorbital rim whitish grey. Thorax above black, with a yellow

spot on tegula; beneath whitish grey. Abdomen above, on sides ‘and at anus

black ; beneath whitish.

Forewing with areole single, or exceptionally double with the distal extremely

minute ; bright, full yellow with black borders, the costal about 1°5 mm. in width,

with a triangular projection at the areole and DO, ending in a point between the

bases of R? and M!, the distal broadest (nearly 5 mm.) at apex, rounded-edged

proximally, 2 mm. at M!, again widening slightly at tornus, the hindmarginal

1 mm. broad. Hindwing with SC? shortly stalked to almost connate, DC

‘sinuous ; concolorous with forewing, the black border not projecting at disco-

cellulars, not widened at apex, extremely narrow at abdominal margin, proximally

almost confined to the fringe.

Underside the same.

Pera: Huancabamba, type in coll. L. B. Prout; Upper Rio Toro, La Merced,

Chanchamayo, in coll. L. B. Prout; San Remon, 3000 ft., June—August 1903

(Watkins and Tomlinson), in coll. Brit. Mus.

Superficially very like ops Druce (Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1885, p. 529), which

has rather less short palpus, d antenna pectinate (though very shortly), areole

double, SC? of hindwing stalked, DC normal, a dorsal yellow stripe down the

abdomen, a black dash on forewing projecting from the distal border along M’.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 175

In Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1910, p. 229, I provisionally separated Atyria from

Cyllopoda by the single areole of the former ; the occasional presence of a very

minute distal areole in Afyria (ops and mnemosyne), with SC? arising from the

stalk of SC’ (in Cyllopoda from cell), does not really vitiate this. The non-

pectinate antenna of mnemosyne, however, constitutes it a separate section of

Atyria, if not a new genus.

SUBFAMILY LARENTIINAE

55. Hammaptera caeruleosecta sp. nov.

3,36 mm. Antennal ciliation almost as long as diameter of shaft.

Forewing with termen rather strongly oblique; costal margin whitish and

ochreous (probably discoloured from olivaceous), with about nineteen irregular

black spots or streaks, mostly indicating the beginnings of lines ; basal and sub-

basal area predominantly red-brown with some grey and olive shading and with

rather interrupted blackish lines ; that which distally bounds the subbasal area

falls perpendicularly from costa to behind M, is then angled, becomes sinuous and

falls nearly perpendicularly on hindmargin, where there is a black spot; inter-

mediate area narrow, vaguely lighter (especially at costa), mixed with greenish ;

median area formed of two very variegated (red-brown, olive and black) bars,

which become broadly confluent about M?, thus enclosing two light-blue patches,

the anterior large, containing an elongate fuscous cell-mark, the posterior somewhat

8-shaped ; distal edge of the outer of these bars very black anteriorly, the usual

indentation at SC’ deep and acute, the pure white line which follows only distinct

anteriorly ; distal area bluish white, mixed with olive along the veins and distally,

and with a very fine indistinct olive line parallel to and near the postmedian ; the

interrupted, lunulate whitish subterminal is accompanied proximally by a dull

reddish patch from costa to R*, on which stand two almost confluent black marks

between the radials, and by some much smaller and weaker reddish shading

towards tornus ; termen with pairs of large black dots; fringe olive, paler distally,

a fine pale dividing-line ; blackish marks opposite the veins. Hindwing white,

posterior half of termen with pairs of black spots ; these become minute at R?,

scarcely traceable at R!.

Underside similar to that of sharply-marked trajectata Walk., which has rather

less long forewing than the present species.

Uruhuasi, 8. Peru, 7000 ft., April—May 1910 (H. and C. Watkins). Type in

coll. L. B. Prout.

Ab. incarnata ab. nov. Forewing between basal and median areas light rose-

colour, unmarked; median band in its posterior half (or more) strongly suffused

with the same, the blue therefore restricted to a small space about the 'cell-spot ;

subapical patch of the same light rose-colour, thus slightly lighter than in the

name-type.

56. Hammaptera polychroma sp. nov.

d, 33-34 mm. Structure, shape, etc., as in the preceding.

Forewing from base to postmedian line predominantly olive-green with slight

mixture of grey, but a little varied at base and parts of costa and hindmargin with

more ochreous scales; subbasal patch vaguely indicated by some darker lines,

angulated in cell; between this and median area a narrow reddish band, also

176 NovITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

angulated in cell; centre of median area containing a large snow-white patch from

costa nearly to M?, narrow at its ends, wide in middle, a small round snow-white

spot at hindmargin and another in front of SM’; discal dot rather large but not

very dark, olivaceous ; the distal band of median area mixed with reddish between

the radials and between M? and SM’; apical area mostly reddish, the patch between

SC? and R! much paler; the usual darkening between the radials confluent, mixed

black and dark red ; a large snow-white patch from R? to hindmargin, containing a

black submarginal spot behind M?, joined to an ill-defined grey subtornal one ; sub-

terminal line white, but chiefly indicated by dots in anterior half and by a greenish

shade which follows it distally in posterior half. Hindwing dirty whitish, with

darker cell-dot and interrupted dark terminal line.

Underside similar to that of the lighter trajectata, a whitish patch distally to

the dark cell-spot of forewing ; an additional curved line on hindwing midway

between cell-dot and postmedian line.

Huaucabamba, N.E. Peru. Type in coll. L. B. Prout ; paratypes in coll. L. B.

Prout et coll. Brit. Mus.

M. Dognin had this species as grumata Feld.; very easily recognisable by the

two large snow-white patches, one containing the olive cell-spot, the other the black

submarginal spot.

57. Hammaptera leucoptera sp. nov.

3,35 mm. Antennal ciliation minute (about one-fourth diameter of shaft).

Head and body light olive brownish ; palpus darker; tegula greener; metathoracic

tuft glossy blackish ; abdomen dorsally with a pair of blackish spots at base,

afterwards indistinctly and irregularly dark-mottled and belted.

Wings shaped and marked as in the jugurtharia group. Forewing light

olive green, with the markings fuscous ; basal area with three somewhat crenulate

lines in its distal half, the outermost at 2 mm. from base; intermediate green area

with not very strong double line (slightly obscured by fuscous shades), right-angled

in the cell; median band 5-5 mm. wide at costa, 4:5 mm. at hindmargin, mostly

fuscous-shaded, but with wavy darker fuscous lines traceable, three proximally, four

distally, the central space green anteriorly and posteriorly (in the type from costa to

M and from fold to hindmargin, in paratype more restricted); a small discal dot

touching the third anterior Jine; distal edge of the band indented on the veins,

slightly inbent opposite the cell and with two not very strong projections in middle,

the anterior (behind R?) the stronger; the narrow pale band which follows the

median area is white in its proximal third, pale green in its distal two-thirds,

divided by a feebly darker green line and edged distally by a lunulate-dentate

fuscous one, which is thickest and darkest anteriorly; subterminal line very pale

green, scarcely indicated except at costa, between radials and posteriorly, where it

is accompanied by darker shading; this shading, however, is weaker than in most

of the allies, excepting the radial, which is developed into two very conspicuous,

almost confluent spots proximally to the subterminal, the posterior the larger, and

two very small pointed spots distally to it; anteriorly to the radial spots is a

slightly oblique whitish-blue smear; distal margin with paired fuscous spots,

followed by an extremely fine pale line; proximal half of fringe otherwise mostly

green, distal half paler, the whole crossed by indistinct fuscous spots opposite the

veins, Hindwing white, with a small cell-dot near the base, a small greyish

cloud (about 4 mm. in length) from this to the inner margin; termen with pairs

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. ire

of black dots at the medians only, otherwise unmarked ; fringe white, almost or

quite unmarked.

Underside quite as in laodice Th.-Mieg., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1894, p. 53

(? jugurtharia Guen.), the projections of postmedian line behind R? rather strong.

Santo Domingo, Carabaya, Peru, 6000 ft., October (dry season). Type in coll.

L. B. Prout.

M. Dognin possesses an example from the same locality. Smaller than aodice,

with shorter antennal ciliation, clearer white hindwing, no red shade in distal area,

ete. Larger than heteroptila Warr. (Nov. Zool. vii. 463), also differing from this

in the clear white hindwing, absence of red on forewing, different fringes, etc.

58. Hammaptera subtersignata sp. nov.

3, 36-37 mm. Akin to daodice Th.-Mieg., distinguished as follows:

Antennal ciliation more minute (about one-fourth diameter of shaft). Wings

slightly shorter and broader, with about the coloration of crocaria Schaus (Tr.

Amer. Ent. Soc. xxvii. 269), the hindwing therefore with much more smoky-brown

suffusion than in daodice. Forewing with median band broader, its proximal edge

rather less concave, its distal scarcely concave between the posterior lobe and hind-

margin ; the narrow pale band beyond white in its proximal half, olivaceous in its

distal. Underside more sharply marked than in daodice, the postmedian line of

both wings projecting more acutely in middle ; the distal shades blacker, especially

in anterior half, where that of the hindwing is broader than in laodice ; the white

tornal part of forewing, on the other hand, more extended.

El Rosario, Rio Pastaza, E. Ecuador, 4900 ft., January 1910, type and another

in coll. L. B. Prout. Also from Pozuzo and Huancabamba, N.E. Peru.

59. Hammaptera elaeoptera sp. nov.

d, 32-34 mm. Head olivaceous; palpus short; antennal ciliation minute.

Thorax olive-green above, pale beneath; metathoracie tuft glossy, blackish.

Abdomen above olivaceous, with irregular, partly confluent, paired black spots

at the ends of the segments and narrow, elongate, glossy blackish ones at the

beginnings, especially of the third and fourth. Fore and middle legs mostly

dark, with pale spots at the ends of the joints.

Forewing rather broad; olive-green, without the usual white lines at the

margins of the central area; lines dark fuscons, markedly lunulate-dentate ; a sub-

basal group of four, in places confluent ; two ill-defined midway between these and

the central area, with some dark, slightly reddish shading or blotches between them

in cell and submedian area ; central area almost 5 mm. wide at costa, 3°5 mm. at

hindmargin, its boundary-lines distinct, several other lines fairly strong anteriorly

and at hindmargin, otherwise weak, some of them irregularly confluent about the

black cell-dot and here enclosing some reddish shading, the median area otherwise

not darkened ; postmedian line with the usual inward curve between the radials,

the double lobe between R? and M? rather weak ; a faint line close to and parallel

with the postmedian distally, a strong one farther out ; subterminal line rather

weak (pale olivaceous, not white), with some blackish shading proximally and

distally at costa and (forming a pair of spots proximally, a pair of wedges distally)

between the radials, a single wedge distally between R* and M! and a strong,

irregular shade proximally from M! to tornus, constricted at M?; pairs of elongate

178 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916,

terminal dots at the veins; fringe dark-chequered. Hindwing creamy white,

with smoky clouding at base and extremely feeble subterminal shading ; inner-

marginal fold moderate, slightly marked with blackish.

Forewing beneath dirty whitish from fold to hindmargin, otherwise mostly

with smoky-fuscous suffusion, leaving free a distinct, posteriorly broadening, post-

median band (divided by a very faint dark line) and a whitish subterminal, which

is broken into dots anteriorly, thick and continuous posteriorly, connected with

termen by a whitish spot behind R*; cell-mark distinct, elongate ; distal edge of

median area not corresponding to that of upperside but rather acutely projecting

at R?. Hindwing beneath dirty whitish with distinct blackish cell-dot, moderately

distinct postmedian line (inbent between radials, moderately acute outwards before

and behind) and weaker double subterminal shade, more or less interrupted (at

least the outer) at costa and behind R°, confluent behind M!. Both wings with

termen and fringe nearly as above.

Uruhuasi, S. Peru, 7000 ft., April—May 1910 (H. and C. Watkins). Type and

another in coll. L. B. Prout.

60. Hammaptera tritypa sp. nov.

3,36 mm. Face pale olivaceous, somewhat mixed with whitish. Palpus quite

short, not reaching beyond frons ; olivaceous. Antennal ciliation minute. Vertex

and thorax above olivaceous, slightly mixed with rufous ; metathoracic tuft blackish,

Abdomen dorsally pale, with blackish irroration, each segment with a blackish belt

posteriorly, formed of confluent pairs of spots. Legs as in the preceding.

Forewing white, densely but irregularly irrorated with olive scales, which form

some vague, confluent lines proximally to the median area and a well-defined line

distally to the same; subbasal line double, inbent behind cell, feeble anteriorly,

strong and black posteriorly ; median band 5 mm. wide at costa, less than 3 mm.

at hindmargin, formed about as in emberizata Guen., olivaceous in places, belt

predominantly mixed with chestnut; its boundary lines black, the antemedian

thickened at hindmargin, some finer and less defined black lines traversing the

band, the middle ones confluent into a spot behind M?; middle of band otherwise

paler, especially at costa; cell-dot strong, deep black ; distal area clouded with

chestnut in its anterior half (except at apex), with olivaceous in its posterior ;

subterminal line white, between radials tinged with chestnut, posteriorly thickened,

deeply lunulate outward before and behind M!, acutely angled inward on SM?,

then running to tornus; elongate black markings between the radials proximally

and distally to the subterminal; termen with strong paired black dots ; fringe

weakly chequered. Hindwing dark smoky except at costal margin ; a slightly

less dark postmedian band suggested.

Both wings beneath nearly as in sudterstgnata Prout (supra), not quite so

sharply marked, angle of postmedian line less deep (especially on hindwing), mar-

ginal band of hindwing not interrupted; forewing with a longitudinally elongate

dark spot in cell rather nearer to base than to cell-spot.

El Rosario, Rio Pastaza, E. Ecuador, 4900 ft., January 1910. Type in coll.

L. B. Prout.

61. Hammaptera fosteri sp. nov,

3, 33-38 mm. Face olivaceous. Palpus rather short, with appressed scales ;

olivaceous. Antennal ciliation minute. Metathoracic double crest not very high.

} OVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 179

Thorax and abdomen concolorous with wings, abdomen dotted or strigulated with

fuscous dorsally and with paired blackish spots (almost or quite connected into

belts) at the ends of the segments.

Shape and aspect of emberizata Guen., but larger. Forewing rather more

uniformly dull olivaceous, generally without reddish admixture, median band

broader, at least at hindmargin, its proximal edge more sinuous, the two lobes at

its distal margin more equal, distal area generally confusedly marked.

rather more greyish, often darkened at distal margin.

Underside dirty yellowish white, forewing with fuscous cell-spot, postmedian

band from costa, joining a fuscous cloud which runs behind cell from R? to M?, in

varying extent and strength distally, but generally continuing narrowly in front of

M? as far as termen; an apical cloud from costa to R%, leaving the extreme apex

clear, often a line connecting the proximal edge of this cloud with the posterior

one. Hindwing beneath with cell-spot, very feeble greyish cloudings and usually

rather narrow dark marginal band.

Sapucay, Paraguay (W. Foster), a long series in coll. L. B. Prout (ineluding

the type) and coll. Brit. Mus. ; mostly from end of August to beginning of October,

a few in November and December.

Hindwing

62. Rhopalista hypochrysa sp. uov.

d, 34 mm. Shape and structure essentially as in viridifusata Walk. (= gaza-

pina Dogn. = albidivisa Warr.), palpus perhaps slightly shorter, abdominal crests

less developed. Head and body mostly ochreous, tegula blackish-spotted. Legs in

part (especially on the tarsi) infuscated, with the ends of the joints remaining pale.

Forewing with proximal area mostly occupied by olivaceous basal and subbasal

bands, the narrow interspace whitish ; both with some blackish marking at costa

and hindmargin ; median band moderate, olivaceous, from fold to hindmargin black,

the olivaceous part appearing rippled with indeterminate lines, which become

distinct and black (four in number) at costa; proximal boundary of band concave,

marked by a white line, which is slightly dentate on the veins ; distal boundary

angalated outward at R*, slightly concave before and more deeply behind the

angle, terminating at hindmargin near tornus ; cell-spot black, somewhat elongate ;

pale band beyond the median area somewhat lunulate-dentate, double, whiter

proximally than distally, divided by an olivaceous line ; area between this band and

the subterminal line reddish-brown; subterminal line whitish, lunulate-dentate,

ending at tornus, the deepest tooth on SC?; distal margin olivaceous, paler behind

R’, some dark marking at apex and between radials ; terminal black dots strong,

in pairs at the vein-ends, but slightly connected by a fine blackish line; fringe

spotted with blackish opposite the veins. Hindwing golden yellow, with grey

suffusions basally and along abdominal margin, becoming blackish on the marginal

fold; terminal dots and fringe spots obsolete anteriorly.

Both wings beneath golden yellow, forewing with a large, hindwing with a

small black cell-spot ; forewing with some faint greyish median suffusions, strongest

at hindmargin, and with a black distal border from costa nearly to tornus, com-

mencing nearly 4 mm. wide at costa and leaving free a small white apical spot,

narrowing gradually to R*, where it is 2 mm. wide, scarcely widening again pos-

teriorly ; hindwing with a much narrower and more incomplete border, not reaching

costa and only strong between the radials ; folded area and the contained hair-

pencil whitish.

180 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

Yahuarmayo, Peru, 1200 ft., April—May 1912. Type in coll. L. B. Prout,

topotype in coll. Brit. Mus.

Evidently related to semiflava Dogn. (Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxii. 15), from

Medina, Colombia, which I only know from the description. The olivaceous and

black areas of the forewing above are overlaid with scattered, very pale blue-grey

scales.

63. Calocalpe inhabilis sp. nov.

6, 43-46 mm. Face and palpus dark fuscous, the latter ochreous-whitish

beneath, at least on the first joint. Head and body concolorous with wings ;

abdomen with blackish dorsal belts or pairs of spots at the ends of the segments,

about as in cervinalis Scop., the first not quite so narrow.

Wings similarly shaped to those of afirmata Guen., or slightly narrower, the

inner-marginal flap and hair-tuft of hindwing not quite so strongly developed, the

latter very glossy grey. Forewing glossy light grey, with very fine brown irrora-

tion—finer than in cervinalis simplonica Wackerzapp, to which, or to montivagata

Dup., its general tone could be compared except in its stronger gloss; lines in basal

and subbasal areas feeble, less dentate than in afirmata, those of the basal area

slightly more fuscous-tinged than those of the subbasal; median band of moderate

breadth, its edges in part strongly dark-shaded, proximal edge curved anteriorly,

then waved, about parallel with termen ; distal edge nearly vertical from costa to

SC’, not deeply indented, then slightly sinuous or very feebly lunulate-dentate,

without marked projections or incisions ; discal mark fairly large ; lines in distal

area almost entirely obsolete, except the lunulate-dentate whitish subterminal,

which is more deeply inangled at M? than in cervinalis, but scarcely thickeus

behind this; space between subterminal and termen browner ; terminal black line

slender. Hindwing glossy grey, almost unmarked except for the small discal dot

and some darkening at the inner-marginal flap.

Underside paler and less brown than in afirmata, with smaller discal dots.

Acopampa, S. Peru, 11,500 ft., several dd. Type in coll. L. B. Prout.

Distinguished by the greyish tone, comparatively smooth boundary of median

band, weakly marked hindwing, etc.

M. Dognin (to whom I sent this species) tells me this is like his C. inepta

(Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xliv. 218, as Scotosia) from Ecuador, except in its much

larger size and unmarked hindwing ; it may be a subspecies, but as I have not seen

inepta and the description is not very full, it is necessary to describe the new form

independently.

64. Psaliodes semisecta sp. nov.

3 25 mm. Similar to aurativena Warr., Nov. Zool. xi. 62, the veins not quite

such a bright golden brown, the following differences in the markings :

Forewing with basal patch regularly oblique basewards from M to hindmargin,

closely followed in this half of its course by a fine dark brown line; central band

projecting more basewards at costa, greatly constricted in anterior half of cell by a

very deep indentation of its whitish proximal edging ; a more definite rust-coloured

band proximally to the white subterminal spots (in aurativena this band is vaguely

indicated by fuscous irroration and strigulation). Hindwing much paler, grey-

whitish with vague curved grey postmedian line in inner-marginal half.

Uruhuasi, 8. Peru, 7000 ft., April—May 1910. Type in coll. L. B. Prout.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 181

65. Psaliodes quinquelatera sp. nov.

3, 22 mm.; 2, 24 mm. Head mostly russet, lateral edges of face pale,

palpus with much pale irroration. Thorax and abdomen (especially above) varie-

gated in different shades of brown, a large dark spot about middle of abdomen

dorsally. Legs spotted and irrorated with blackish fuscous.

Forewing with apex acute, termen sinuous, being slightly concave between

apex and R%, rather strongly oblique from M! to tornus; white, but mostly

occupied with the russet markings; basal patch wider at costa than at hindmargin,

its boundary almost straight, except for a minute angle outward on M ; inter-

mediate white band about 1 mm. wide, marked with some russet irroration down

the middle and tinged with light brown at costal end; median band broad anteriorly,

its proximal edge straight, its distal almost straight from costa nearly to R*, here

angled, then again almost straight to hindmargin scarcely beyond middle (thus

near its proximal edge), its colour slightly darkened from fold to hindmargin ;

outer white band slender, broadening near hindmargin, intersected by a fine dark

line ; distal area russet as far as the subterminal line ; subterminal line white, very

fine, slightly interrupted, oblique from apex, in its anterior half forming a large

curve which encloses the dark subapical patch characteristic of many of the genus,

with acute teeth on R* and M! almost reaching the termen, posteriorly somewhat

receding therefrom but very vague, the area distally to it white, strongly irrorated

with dark reddish brown ; a blackish fuscous terminal line ; fringe heavily spotted

with blackish fuscous at ends of veins and suffused with the same between M? and

SM’. Hindwing with termen somewhat irregularly waved; dirty pale grey,

with a slight suffusion of russet; markings vague, shadowing those of the

underside.

Forewing beneath coloured about as hindwing above, the costal area tinged

with light ochreous brown ; distal area (especially anteriorly) slightly paler than

the rest ; postmedian line traceable, most distinct in anterior half, thickening

towards costa; an oblique dark, slightly interrupted subapical dash. Hindwing

beneath dirty whitish, with some irregular, mostly feeble, dark irroration ; base of

costa tinged with light ochreous brown ; a dark mark along the oblique base of SC ;

a large dark cell-spot; a fine, strongly-curved postmedian line, running from a

small spot at costa to a large blotch at abdominal margin; a slight submarginal

shade, becoming strong at abdominal margin.

Argentine Republic: San Ignacio Missions, Upper Parana, February, type

(3) and June, paratype (?) in coll. L. B. Prout.

Very distinct in the form of the median band.

66. Psaliodes mediofracta sp. nov.

3 ?, 26-27 mm. Similar to adhaestata Feld. (Reise Novara, Lep. Het. t. 132,

f. 12), of which M. Dognin (in litt.) suggested it might be a form. Larger; ¢ abdo-

men without hair-pencil beneath. Both wings with DC more strongly (sometimes

very strongly) biangulate, R? arising considerably nearer to R? than to R!.

Forewing with the median band strongly darkened, except at costal margin,

its edges much less straight than in adhaesiata ; the form of this band is character-

istic for the species ; it is completely interrupted in the middle, anterior half with

the blackened part roughly triangular, its anterior edge starting just inside cell and

running obliquely out towards costa, its posterior edge running behind the oblique

182 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

part of DO? and the base of R?, posterior half of band 15-2 mm. broad, almost

vertical from hindmargin to basal part of M?, distally with a small pointed projec-

tion behind M?, anteriorly connected with an elongate spot between M? and M!.

Hindwing pale greyish, with a rather whiter postmedian band.

Hindwing beneath mostly whitish, with sharp cell-dot and with interrupted

dentate lines (or rows of interneural spots) indicating the boundaries of the post-

median band; the proximal of these lines makes a strong outward projection at

SC?—R}.

Acopampa, S. Peru, 11,500 ft., January—March 1910. Type in coll. L. B.

Prout.

67. Horisme palmeri sp. nov.

3,27 mm. Build of H. marmorata Dogn. (Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xvi. 348).

Antennal ciliation fully as long as diameter of shaft. Head and body considerably

darker than in marmorata, first abdominal tergite bluish-silvery, second and third

cinnamon, a similarly coloured spot near anus.

Forewing with the dark parts considerably darker than in marmorata (nearly

burnt umber), glossy, the lines and irroration bluish-silvery; pattern similar to

that of marmorata, proximally still more ill-defined ; median area of more uniform

width throughout, the antemedian line being less strongly excurved in cell, the

postmedian with a weaker projection (single, pointed, behind R*); cell-dot more

rounded ; pale shades of distal area bluish-silvery, the patch between the radials

not darker than the other dark parts. Hindwing correspondingly but more

uniformly darkened, markings quite weak.

Both wings beneath much darker and more uniform than in marmorata.

San Antonio, W. Colombia, 5800 ft., December 1907 (M. G. Palmer). Type

in coll. L. B. Pront.

68. Eupithecia (Eucymatoge) pippa sp. nov.

d, 25 mm. Superficially similar to E. (E.) hormiga Dogn., Ann. Soc. Ent.

Belg. xliii. 143, of about the same shape and with the same robust, rather elongate

abdomen, but differing as follows :

Palpus purple-brown, mixed with white below. Antenna thick, with minute

ciliation (in hormiga both sexes have long ciliation). Face aud vertex less white,

more spotted with black. Thorax and abdomen more strongly mixed with brown

and blackish.

Forewing with stronger brownish (distally red-brownish) suffusions in posterior

half and in the oblique pale patch which interrupts the subterminal line near

apex ; the black markings thickened, at least the anterior half of the dark shades

which bound the median area and the posterior end of the distal one ; median

area itself rather broader, its distal edge bending outward more strongly sub-

costally ; discal dot much smaller, less obliquely placed ; subterminal line more

interrupted, the black radial marking proximally to it enlarged into an elongate

blotch. Hindwing uniform smoke-colour.

Underside with rather more numerous lines indicated, at least on hindwing ;

both wings with the postmedian line more bent than in hormiga, discal dots

smaller; tone rather less strongly glossy.

Huancabamba, N. Peru. Type in coll. L. B. Prout; paratype in coll.

Brit. Mus.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 183

69. Eupithecia coetulata sp. nov.

3, 24 mm.; 2, 28 mm. Face with slender, pointed tuft below. Palpus

strong, rough-scaled, about twice as long as diameter of eye. Antenna of 3 nearly

simple. Head and body mostly white; abdomen with some ferruginous and

fuscous admixture dorsally ; foreleg above blackish, the tibia and tarsus broadly

white-spotted.

Forewing elongate, termen long, strongly oblique, slightly curved, tornus

weak, hindmargin slightly curved; rather glossy, white, with mostly weak fuscous

irroration ; markings fuscons mixed with black; basal patch scarcely darkened,

except an ill-defined costal spot at or beyond one-fifth; a costal spot (ferru-

ginous-mixed) at two-fifths or beyond, from which is traceable across the wing a

slight, curved antemedian band or double line to hindmargin beyond one-third ;

postmedian line expressed by a strong dark costal mark at about three-fifths,

running rather obliquely inwards to SC?, three large, partially confluent spots on

the radials more distally placed (not so oblique as termen), a dot on M!, slighter

traces posteriorly, a mark at hindmargin near tornus ; some vein-dots a short

distance beyond (distally to) these markings ; a conspicuous double spot (costal

and subcostal, longitudinally extended, SC* and SC? here ferruginous) near apex,

followed by a row of small vein-dots and a more distally placed, more irregular

row of internenral dots, those between the radials enlarged; radials here and

to termen ferruginous; an oblique white dash from apex, indicated by darker

shading in front and behind, the latter continued to the radials at termen, but

feeble ; fringe ample, the proximal half strongly, the distal much more feebly

dark-spotted opposite the veins. Hindwing with costa long, apex rather

rounded, termen straight from R! to M!, more rounded behind ; white, with about

seven lines of more or less confluent spots from abdominal margin to M and M?,

the strongest being a somewhat confluent pair at two-thirds or three-fourths ;

fringe as on forewing.

Forewing beneath with costal margin strongly darkened from base to one-

fourth, a sharp discal dot, the broken postmedian band strong in anterior half,

the subapical costal spot still stronger than above. Hindwing beneath white, with

small discal dot and with three curved lines of vein-dots, the most proximal about

the middle of the wing, the second near it, weak or partly obsolete.

Acopampa, 8. Peru, 11,500 ft., January—March 1910. Type in coll.

L. B. Prout.

Perhaps a form of candidata Warr. (Nov. Zool. xiv. 250), which is rather

narrower winged and with less markings.

70. Eupithecia bicubitata sp. nov.

?,28 mm. Structure of the preceding, wings slightly narrower, especially the

hindwing, which has the tornus more rounded off. Head, body and legs pre-

dominantly dark fuscous, only a little mottled (the legs banded) with white or

whitish. Abdominal crests narrow, white.

Forewing glossy, white, clouded over with greyish fuscous and irrorated with

darker fuscous, so that the ground-colour is scarcely noticeable except as white dots

or spots on the veins, slight mottlings in median area, a conspicuous oblique double

mark from costa to SC? distally to the median area, an oblong patch (intersected

by the wavy dark lines) from postmedian line nearly to termen between R? and

184 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916,

M? and a fine subterminal line which becomes thick and curved between M? and

tornus; a small blackish cell-dot ; numerous indistinct waved dark fuscous lines ;

antemedian band apparently almost as in the preceding species; postmedian,

thickened and blackened between R? and M?; a blackish mark behind M? between

postmedian and subterminal; a somewhat interrupted blackish terminal line x

fringe marked nearly as in coetulata, but altogether darker. Hindwing dirty

whitish, suffused with greyish fuscous, inner-marginal region darker fuscous, more

strongly marked ; some feeble waved lines in proximal part ; cell-dot weak,

postmedian line and the double pale band beyond not strong, at the radials strongly

curved ; subterminal line ill-defined ; terminal line and fringe nearly as on forewing,

the fringe rather whiter.

Forewing beneath more suffused throughout ; markings mostly weak, at.

costa stronger; cell-dot strong. Hindwing beneath more strongly marked than

above.

Acopampa, S. Peru, 11,500 ft., February—March 1910 (H. and ©. Watkins).

Type in coll. L. B. Prout.

71. Eupithecia canonica sp. nov.

3,26 mm. Head and body whitish grey, strongly mixed with dark fuscous ;

underside, also base of abdomen above, whiter. Antenna almost simple. Abdominal

crests scarcely noticeable.

Forewing decidedly narrower still than in the preceding, only 45 mm. wide

from the (rounded) tornus to midcosta; violet-grey, with some dark fuscous

irroration and with some ferruginous-ochreous suffusions, namely: at base on SM?

and especially between M and costa; on antemedian line, especially before M and

at SM?; on radials and M! from postmedian line to cell, though strongest at

postmedian line; and in an oblique pale patch from apex to postmedian line,

especially on the veins ; cell-dot present, small ; antemedian line or band vague,

apparently as in coetulata ; postmedian weak, angularly broken near costa as in

coetulata ; pale double band beyond narrow; subterminal line slender and very

indistinct, lunulate-dentate; terminal line slightly interrupted ; fringe proximally

whitish, dark-spotted opposite the veins. Hindwing narrow, dirty whitish,

becoming greyer at distal margin; abdominal margin greyer, with beginnings

of dark lines ; terminal line slightly interrupted; fringe whitish, dark-spotted

opposite the veins.

Forewing beneath rather uniformly suffused, very feebly marked. Hindwing

beneath dirty whitish, distally more broadly smoky than above; a distinct cell-dot

and indistinct line beyond.

Acopampa, 8. Peru, 11,500 ft., Jannary—March 1910 (H. and ©. Watkins),

type in coll. L. B. Prout. A ?, rather larger and paler, with cell-dot on hindwing

more distinct, in coll. Brit. Mus.

72. Eupithecia parallaxis sp. nov.

3, 20-21 mm. Face slightly tufted below; blackish. Palpus rather stout,

about one-and-a-half times the length of diameter of eye; blackish. Antennal

ciliation longer than diameter of shaft, in slender pairs of fascicles. Vertex,

thorax and abdomen fuscous ; crests not very strong.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 185

Forewing with costa very little arched, apex moderate, termen very gently

curved, moderately strongly oblique ; dark fuscous, with slight cinnamon suffusion,

a narrow cinnamon band proximally to the median area and a broader one distally

thereto, divided by a darker line, the entire aspect somewhat blurred; the dark

median area is about, or almost, 3 mm. wide, almost as oblique as termen, apparently

tolerably straight-edged and uniform in width throughout, except at costa, where

the antemedian band curves basewards and the postmedian is slightly broken

basewards ; a black cell-dot nearer to the proximal than to the distal margin of the

median area; slight indications of a cinnamon subterminal line traceable on the

dark distal area in certain lights ; terminal dark line extremely fine, scarcely

noticeable; a very fine, inconspicuous pale line at base of fringe. Hindwing

paler, darkening very slightly towards termen and more strongly in abdominal

region, where there are ill-defined dark spots or beginnings of lines, and the

beginning of a divided cinnamon postmedian band.

Underside glossy fuscous, the forewing almost uniform, the hindwing paler,

with traces of thick dark lines or narrow bands, one about the middle of the wing

the most noticeable.

San Antonio, W. Colombia, 5800 ft., November 1907 (type) and December 1907

(M. G. Palmer), in coll. L. B. Prout.

73. Eupithecia saphenes sp. nov.

?,20 mm. Palpus almost twice as long as diameter of eye, second joint rather

long and strong. Antenna minutely ciliated, Head and body mostly concolorous

with wings; palpus more ochreous, abdomen dorsally with some dark admixture,

fore and middle legs largely dark fuscous, with pale spots at the ends of the joints.

Wings shaped nearly as in ornea Druce (Biol. Centr.-Amer., Lep. Het. ii. 146,

t. liv. 29), the forewing with termen less oblique anteriorly, rather more convex, the

discrepancy between the size of the wings therefore still more noticeable than in

Druce’s species. 3

Forewing rather more tinged with reddish than in ornea, especially distally

and along costal and hindmargin; subbasal line irregular, oblique inward, chiefly

noticeable as a V-shaped subcostal mark (pointing outward) and a slightly interrupted

line from M to hindmargin near base, thickest posteriorly ; cell-spot as in ornea ;

antemedian line conspicuous as a costal spot near cell-spot, angled in cell, then

oblique inward but very weak; postmedian line placed and shaped nearly as in

tantillaria Bdv. (= pusillata Hb.), but rather less inbent behind middle, its entire

posterior part very weak; subterminal line fine, distinct, not or scarcely interrupted,

feebly lunulate-dentate throughout, forming a long, thickened spot near tornus ;

slight dark shading proximally to the subterminal, and some slight interneural

streaks distally, at least in anterior half of wing ; terminal dark line interrupted by

minute white dots at the veins ; fringe whitish (purer in a basal line), with large

dark spots at the vein-ends. Hindwing with posterior half and termen con-

colorous with forewing, anterior half otherwise whitish ; cell-dot small, grey ; weak

beginnings of one or two proximal lines at abdominal margin; a curved grey

postmedian line just beyond middle, becoming blacker in abdominal region, here

accompanied proximally by some dark irroration on the veins and distally by a

fine whitish line; subterminal line obsolescent and interrupted anteriorly, distinct

posteriorly, between R? and M? more strongly dentate than on the forewing; termen

and fringe as on forewing.

186 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

Underside more greyish, the forewing somewhat less, the hindwing somewhat

more strongly marked than above.

Caracas, Venezuela, 2 ? $ in coll. L. B. Prout.

SupramMity GEOMETRINAE

74. Apicia mediosignata sp. nov.

3,43 mm. Face brown above, whitish below. Palpus mostly dark fuscous,

parts of the first and third joints pale. Head and body concolorous with wings.

Antenna pectinate to rather near apex. Hindtibia moderately strongly dilated ;

mostly dark-coloured.

Forewing with costa shouldered at base, gently arched to beyond middle, termen

very gently concave anteriorly, strongly angled at R*, the posterior part being

straight and very oblique; cell considerably over one-half, DC strongly curved

behind, M! therefore rather widely separate from R®*, stalk of SC! connected by

very short bar with ©, SC? also connected with SC’; flesh-colour, with sparse

black irroration ; proximal area olivaceous in cell, somewhat vinaceous posteriorly ;

antemedian line rather far from base, slight, only thickened for a short distance

about SC and at hindmargin, rather strongly bent in front of M; median shade

indicated by a thick mark running from costa almost to cell-dot ; cell-dot moderate,

black ; postmedian line from a thick black costal mark at five-sevenths, then fine

and exceedingly oblique outward along SC? almost straight to R!, oblique inward

and very slightly incurved to hindmargin little beyond the middle, throughout this

part of its course scarcely marked except by black vein-spots and by a slight pale

line which accompanies it distally and is very shallowly lunulate inward between

the veins ; an olivaceous shade proximally to the postmedian, a vinaceous shade

distally ; some olivaceous shading in subterminal region and some extremely vague

dark spots near apex ; terminal line almost obsolete ; fringe flesh-colour, irregularly

mixed with olivaceous. Hindwing with apex nearly squared, termen waved to

R?, here bent and with a moderate tooth, then almost straight, tornus pronounced ;

cell about one-half, DO? and M! nearly as on forewing ; concolorous with forewing ;

discal dot large, black, confluent distally with a conspicuous, somewhat sinuous

black median (postmedian) line which runs from SC? to abdominal margin but is

interrupted between M! and M? and between M? and the fold; olivaceous and

vinaceous shades proximally and distally hereto as on forewing; the pale sub-

terminal line and its olivaceous proximal shading rather more definite than on

forewing, but not sharp.

Forewing beneath more suffused with dark smoke-colour than above, especially

anteriorly and proximally, hindmargin and a spot at apex pale; discal dot black,

postmedian line indicated, fairly conspicuous at costa. Hindwing beneath more

blurred, but with the markings of the upperside indicated.

Uruhuasi, S. Peru, 7000 ft., Aprii—May 1910 (H. C. Watkins). Type in coll.

L. B. Prout. A second example dated March—April.

Perhaps near jaspidaria Guen., but the hindwing not dentate. By shape this

species would probably be referred to Loxapicia Warr., which, however, cannot be

regarded as a tenable genus, various intergrades and sexual differences bridging

over the distinctions.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916." 187

75. Isochromodes quadriplagiata sp. nov.

?, 30 mm. Head and body concolorous with wings; the face, vertex and

palpus strongly mixed with ferruginons.

Forewing with apex moderately sharp, termen very slightly sinuate anteriorly,

sharply elbowed at R*; white-grey with a slight tinge of bluish and with sparse

ferruginous irroration ; costal margin ferruginous; cell-dot black, minute; lines

ferruginous ; antemedian oblique outward from before one-fourth costa, angled in

cell, dentate outward on submedian fold, very slightly incurved between, reaching

hindmargin at about one-third; median thicker, from three-fifths costa, inbent

opposite cell, oblique outward to R%, thence close to postmedian but rather zigzag ;

postmedian slightly crenulate, slightly sinuous, edged distally by a very fine

crenulate line of the ground-colour ; distal area mostly ferruginous, with a rather

thick dentate subterminal line of the ground-colour, ending at tornus, and a large

spot of the ground-colour between R? and M!, touching termen from behind R* and

approaching the postmedian proximally, thus crossing the subterminal ; terminal

line browner, not conspicuous ; fringe weakly spotted with brown opposite the veins.

Hindwing with termen somewhat waved, slightly toothed at SC? and strongly

at R*; basal and most of costal area as ground-colour of forewing, the rest suffused

with ferruginous, a thick vague median shade from abdominal margin near the

postmedian, oblique inward nearly to cell-dot, then still more oblique, vanishing in

cell ; postmedian line and distal area as on forewing.

Underside pale grey, with scattered blackish dots ; cell-dot black; postmedian

line chiefly indicated by dark vein-dots ; distal area only weakly (on hindwing very

weakly, narrowly, only subterminally) suffused with ferruginous brown, the pale

spots wanting, the forewing on the other hand with a small pale terminal patch

from apex to R! and more feebly to R?.

Preto, Brazil. Type in coll. L. B. Prout. A rather larger, still brighter ¢

from Rio Janeiro has for many years stood in coll. Brit. Mus. under the MS. name

of quadriplagiata Warr., which I have adopted. A worn ? from Espiritu Santo is

in coll. Thierry-Mieg.

Very similar to some of the brightest forms of the excessively variable drumosa

Dogn. (Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. x]. 138 = canisquama Warr., Nov. Zool. iv. 504 = beon

Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Lep. Het. ii. 537, t. xcix. 7), and sharing with it a

peculiarity of venation which has not hitherto been pointed out—the strong

anastomosis of C of the hindwing with SC, whereas in normal /sochromodes it is

only appressed ; distinguished by having the third joint of the palpus relatively

short and by the conspicuous mid-terminal patches.

76, Anisoperas asphales sp. nov.

6,34 mm. Like atropunctaria Walk. (List Lep. Ins. xxvi. 1517) but with

the antenna filiform (in atropunctaria strongly dentate), the colouring paler, rather

greyer, lines rather strong, antemedian not curved (straight from hindmargin to

cell-fold, here right-angled), postmedian (especially on underside) farther from

termen, the indistinct subterminal line apparently less deefly dentate.

Chanchamayo, E. Peru, 1000 m., October—November 1906. Type in coll.

L. B. Prout.

The antennal structure is about as in dolens Druce, which has a much more

sinuous postmedian line and lacks the white costal spot distally to the postmedian

188 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

of the forewing. In all the species of the group the ¢ antenna is minutely ciliated,

with a single longer bristle on each side of each joint. I am not sure that

Anisoperas is anything more than a section of Tetragonodes Guen. with non-

pectinate antenna. My Anisoperas pectinata (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) vi. 521)

should at any rate be referred to Tetragonodes and is quite near the type of that

genus—anopsaria Guen.

77. Digonis pristopera nom. noy.

Microclysia philippii Bartl.-Calv., An. Univ. Chile, Ixxxiv. 828 (1893); Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1893,

p. 220.

This species is certainly congeneric with the one which Bartlett-Calvert himself

described two or three years earlier (Nwev. Lep. Chile, p. 10, f. 1, 21890 ; Ent. Mo.

Mag. xxvii. 314, 1891) as Digonis philippü (phillippü in An. Univ. Chile, \xxxiv.

818, t. 1, f. 1). They are only distinguished structurally by slight differences of

shape. A new name is therefore necessary for the later one, and a fresh protest

should be registered against the mischievous practice of duplicating specific names

in closely allied genera.

78. Microgonia dulcisona sp. nov.

6,42mm. Head and body concolorous with wings. Face and vertex with a

tinge of purplish. Palpus reddish-ochreous.

Wings glossy, delicate flesh-colour, in certain lights with the faintest possible

suggestion of more brownish transverse striation ; a few scattered ochreous and still

fewer blackish-fuscous scales. Forewing with costal edge narrowly ochreous ;

discal dot minute, of mixed ochreous and blackish scales; lines obsolete, a vague

purplish-grey spot at two-thirds hindmargin indicating the position of the end of

the postmedian ; distal area almost inappreciably darkened, towards termen and

especially at tornus mixed with slight purple-grey shading ; fringe reddish-ochreous

except at tips. —Hindwing with proximal half slightly paler and more yellowish ;

costal edge pale ; no discal dot; a very vague purple-grey shade or band from

R! just beyond cell to abdominal margin at three-fifths, corresponding to the

hind-marginal spot of forewing ; distal area without the purplish-grey shades of

forewing; fringe as on forewing.

Forewing beneath coloured nearly as above, but with a more definite grey

distal border; hindwing paler, with a conspicuous discal dot (larger than that of

forewing).

Chili: Principal, February 1888 (V. Izquierdo). Type in coll. L. B. Prout.

Very different, in colour and absence of lines, from ywetaria Feld. (Reise

Novara, Lep. Het. t. exxiü. 19)= flavaria Butl. (Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1882, p. 342),

nec Blanch., to which it is probably related. In both, SC! and SC? arise from the

cell, the former anastomosing with C and with the latter; in gwetaria SC? also

anastomoses slightly with SC’, but not in dulcisona. In some examples of

quietaria—as is liable to occur in the group and becomes normal in the most

typical section of Mierogonia—the base of SC? is obsolete, leaving this vein

apparently long-stalked with SC!. Butler’s misidentification of /lavaria Blanch.

(type of the genus Ennada Blanch.), with its pectinate antenna, is unaccountable,

unless he judged by the inexact: figure and ignored the text; Hnnada certainly

supplants Anisogonia Warr., and carnea Butl. (Tr. Ent, Soc. Lond. 1882, p. 353)

probably sinks to favaria. i

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII, 1916. 189

79. Mavrolyrcea monochorda sp. nov.

3, 45-49 mm. Face dark chocolate above, pale ochreous below. Palpus with

third joint relatively rather short (about 0°6 mm.) ; first joint ochreous, the rest

mostly chocolate. Clavola and scaled surface of basal part of antenna white.

Vertex and anterior part of thorax above bright ochreous, posterior part darker-

mixed ; abdomen concolorous with hindwing. Legs mixed whitish and chocolate,

the hair on femora more ochreous.

Forewing rather broad, apex only very minutely and bluntly produced ; termen

strongly convex ; cell fully two-fifths, SC! free, SC? connected by slender bar with

SC’! ; ochreous, with very slight pinkish reflections in places; antemedian line

obsolete, very faintly suggested at costa and hindmargin; cell-mark blackish,

accompanied by slight pink suffusion, in the type ill-defined but not minute, in one

example almost obsolete ; postmedian line blackish, from costa near apex to hind-

margin at three-fifths, not at all dentate, almost straight, only with a very faint

proximal curve between R! and SM’, or almost to hindmargin ; the ochreous

ground-colour somewhat brightened or deepened for a space of 2 or 3 mm. distally

to this line. Hindwing paler, especially at base, the pink suffusion rather more

noticeable ; no markings.

Forewing beneath rather paler than above, the line feebly showing through.

Chili (Izquierdo). Type in coll. L. B. Prout. Talcahuano, 2 ¢¢ in coll. Brit.

Mus,., one a slight ab. with line obsolete, discal mark stronger.

Differs from typical Macrolyrcea in having the third joint of the palpus only

about half the length, wings broader, apex less produced, hindtibia not dilated.

Most of the similar genera (Tetracis, Erosina, etc.) have SC! anastomosing strongly

with C and with SC’.

80. Meticulodes albiditata sp. nov.

3. Closely related to zylinaria Guen. (= zylochromaria Walk.), but the

wings broader, fringe perhaps rather more deeply crenulate, colouring brighter,

forewing with large white cell-spot (beneath still larger), no longitudinal fuscous

streak anteriorly to R*, postmedian line slightly more crenulate, apical pale patch

more extended, underside with stronger blackish suffusions, postmedian line of

hindwing more bent basewards between radials, approaching the form seen in

cyclodaria Feld.

Jimenez, W. Colombia, 1600 ft., March 1907, wet season. Type in coll.

L. B. Prout. Also not rare at Huancabamba and Oconeque, Peru.

81. Sangala cyaneres sp. nov.

3,38 mm. Palpus rather short, second joint with shortly projecting scales

above, third joint quite small, triangularly scaled, partly concealed. Antenna with

the pectinations of the inner series entirely wanting, those of the outer reduced to

strong teeth. Head, body, and legs concolorous with wings, thorax with a red

shoulder-spot.

Wings shaped as in caelisigna Walk.—Forewing with a quite similar, anteriorly

tapering patch from middle of hindmargin nearly to costa, its blue colour, however,

rather less pure, showing, at most angles of light, strong bronzy reflections as in

“Nelo” philodamea Druce (Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1885, p. 534); no red spot ;

190 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

fringe paler. Hindwing black, in the middle with metallic blue reflections ;

fringe as on forewing.

Underside brown-black, shot with rather strong metallic blue reflections which

are only wanting at the termen and on the (somewhat darkened) veins; hindwing

with a small red spot at base.

Jimenez, W. Colombia, 1600 ft., March 1907, wet season. Type in coll.

L. B. Prout.

Distinguished from those aberrations of caelisigna in which the red discal spot

is wanting by its rather larger size, bluer hindwing and underside, and especially by

the antennal structure, which agrees with that of Stosta bifasciata Latr. and shows

that that genus must not be maintained on the antenna (cf. Warren, Nov. Zool. ii.

124, 125) but on the less slender build, longer palpus, etc. The palpus of cyaneres

possibly has the second joint somewhat rougher-scaled than in caelisigna, the third

joint more concealed, but there is certainly essential agreement.

82. Sangalopsis thisbe sp. nov.

6, 30 mm. Similar to ’Zone Th.-Mieg. (Le Nat. xv. 161), differing as

follows :

Smaller (Thierry-Mieg’s measurements are taken from tip to tip in set

specimens and do not show the real expanse); abdomen without pale lateral

line. Forewing without bluish reflections, the white patch much narrower

(1:5 mm.), but continued in a small spot behind M’—— Hindwing not precisely

the same shape, being a little less full in the region of the tornus. Underside

uniformly blackish, excepting the white patch of the forewing.

~ Uruhuasi, 8. Peru, 7000 ft., April—May 1910 (H. and C. Watkins). Type in

coll. L. B. Prout. A second example dated March—April.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 191

NEW INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE.

By LOUIS B. PROUT, F.E.S.

Supramity ORNOCHROMINAE

1. Ozola sinuicosta grisescens subsp. nov.

Differs from the name-type (Prout, Gen. Ins., fasc. 104, p. 94) in having

the ground-colour grey, not fleshy-ochreous, the markings also less brightly

ferruginous.

Sikkim, 8 dd, 4 2, in coll. Tring Mus. Also in other collections.

2. Ozola auranticeps spec. nov.

3, 41-44 mm. Head bright orange, the face and palpus mixed with red and

blackish. Collar and front of thorax bright orange. Body otherwise dirty

ochreous-whitish, mottled with dark grey ; abdomen strongly elongate, anteriorly

with slight ochreous dorsal belts.

Forewing elongate, shaped nearly as in macariata Walk. d, the apex appear-

ing at first glance more falcate on account of a patch of white fringe from close

to apex to the gibbosity at R?; colour and markings recalling those of atrofasciata

Pagenst., but the ground-colour whiter, irroration coarser and less regularly

distributed, markings rather more blackish; costal margin more heavily spotted

and strigulated than in that species, the incomplete antemedian line thicker, more

strongly bent in cell, discal dot larger, connected with costa by some dark shading,

a pair of spots (sometimes confluent) behind the proximal part of M?, dark border

less smoothly bounded proximally, the ground-colour encroaching for some distance

along costa and slightly near hindmargin. Hindwing more heavily dotted and

spotted than in atrofasciata, the ground-colour slightly projecting into the black

border in the middle.

Underside the same.

Kalewara, Central Celebes, February 5, 1913 (Dr. Martin). 2d¢¢ in coll.

Tring Mus.

A very fine species.

3. Celerena lerne amplimargo subsp. nov.

Both wings with the black border considerably broadened, that of the forewing

(except in undersized specimens) measuring 17-19 mm. at costa; the contained

white bands broadened, usually very much broadened, sometimes showing some

yellow shading in their proximal part.

S. and S.E. Dutch New Guinea: Oetakwa River district (Snow Mountains)

and Ellanden River. Type d, near Oetakwa River, up to 3500 ft., October—

December 1910 (A. S. Meek), in coll. Tring Mus.

The species was described from Dorei, and occurs in the typical form from

Misol to Humboldt Bay.

192 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

4. Celerena cana Warr.

This species occurs in three well-defined races. The only example before me

from Goodenough Island is a ? in rather poor condition, apparently intermediate

between the Fergusson Island and the Biagi form; furtber material is needed

before anything definite can be said of it.

C. cama cana Warr. In amplification of Warren’s description (Nov. Zool.

il. 281), it is necessary to notice that the black spot proximally to midcosta is

very small and narrow and ends in a point midway between SC and cell-fold, that

the yellow fascia beyond the curved grey one is 2to 3 mm. in width, sometimes

broader anteriorly, that the ground-colour is more whitish in the posterior part of

both wings from base to beyond middle, and that the marginal fascia of hindwing

is narrow. The wing-expanse given by Warren must have been estimated, not

measnred ; it is 56-58 mm., not 60 mm.

Fergusson Island.

C. cana nigrilinea subsp. nov., 58-62 mm. Costal spot of forewing larger,

almost or quite reaching cell-fold, a black line on the curved grey fascia from costa

to R* or M!; the yellow fascia beyond reduced to about 1 mm. width, or wanting ;

posterior part of both wings coloured as in cana cana ; marginal fascia of hindwing

less narrow.

Biagi, Mambare River, 5000 ft., January 1906 (A. S. Meek); Upper Aroa

River, March and April 1903 (A. S. Meek) ; Aroa River, 4000-5000 ft., May 1905

(A. 8. Meek). Type, Biagi, in coll. Tring Mus.

C. cana fulvastra subsp. nov. Smaller than the other races (48-53 mm.),

rather deeper yellow, uniform, not becoming whitish at hindmargins ; basal costal

streak narrowed ; black costal spot about as in cana nigrilinea, occasionally rather

swollen ; curved grey fascia slightly darkened but without defined black costal spot

or line ; yellow fascia beyond about as in c. nigrilinea ; marginal fascia of hindwing

as in ¢. cana.

Humboldt Bay, September—October 1892 (W. Doherty). 3 dd, 42%, in

coll. Tring Mus.

Supramity HEMITHEINAE

5. Archaeobalbis urapteraria eudicheres subsp. nov.

3,50 mm. Smaller than vrapteraria urapteraria Walk., from Borneo, and

with the d hindwing in general not quite so long and narrow. Upperside showing

little difference, though with rather more black scales in the red shades distally to

the postmedian. Both wings beneath with the proximal part clear bright orange as

in wu. urapteraria, a black band of 3 or 4 mm. width (narrowing anteriorly on fore-

wing and posteriorly on hindwing) separating this from the reddish-distal area and

throwing out some irregular black vein-streaks into the latter.

Mount Gede, W. Java, 4000 m., 1896 (H. Fruhstorfer). Type in coll. Tring Mus.

The $ has the black shades suffusing almost the entire distal area beneath.

The new form, or something extremely similar (perhaps further subdivisible

when more and better material is available), occurs also on Nias, Penang and

Bunguran, Natuna Islands, so that it would appear to be the phylogenetic “ type,”

from which a specialised race (x. urapteraria) has arisen in the mountains of

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 193

N. Borneo. Perhaps viridaria Moore, from N. India, is another race of the same

collective species, as it differs in little except the broader wings and duller, more

black-mottled undersurface.

6. Epipristis nelearia viridans subsp. nov.

Both wings above more strongly and uniformly suffased with greenish than

in the name-type, the black lines fine, not very intense, very regular, not inten-

sified towards costal margin of forewing. Dark border beneath not very broad,

smoothly margined, recalling ruflunata Warr. (Nov. Zool. x. 352), which is also an

LEpipristis. |

Lower Aroa River, British New Guinea, November 1904—March 1905 (A. S.

Meek). 2 2 in coll. Tring Mus.

7. Pingasa lariaria manilensis subsp. nov.

?, 48mm. Smaller than lariaria lariaria Walk., relatively rather broader

winged, with stronger admixture of red scales; antemedian line of forewing less

deeply dentate, postmedian of both wings with the teeth not quite so ample;

underside with the yellow proximal shading somewhat restricted, the black distal

border slightly less broad than in the name-type.

Philippines. Type (near Manila, J. Whitehead) in coll. Tring Mus.

Possibly a separate species. Just before going to press, I have seen a d from

Mindanao, in coll. Joicey, slightly smaller, but quite corresponding.

8. Pingasa pseudoterpnaria gracilis Prout

In describing this race I omitted to mention that the d genitalia have been

examined and agree with those of pseudoterpnaria tephrosiaria, which is un-

doubtedly conspecific with the Japanese name-type.

9. Pingasa elutriata spec. nov.

Much larger than dispensata Walk., from S. India (size of chlora crenaria

Guen.), face with the black band of upper part narrowed, both wings with postmedian

line less sharply black-marked on the teeth, underside with the submarginal band

much paler, more brownish, on the forewing threadlike or almost obsolete from

R posteriorly, on the hindwing very narrow, generally of almost equal width

throughout, occasionally almost interrupted between R? and M!.

Darjiling, type d and others; Assam, 1 ¢; in coll. Tring Mus.

I at first regarded this as a subspecies of dispensata, but the genitalia appear

very distinet—valvae larger and more deeply emarginate, etc.

10. Pingasa blanda (Pagenst.)

Pseudoterpna blanda Pagenst., Zoologica xii. (29), 151 (1900) (Bismarck Archipelago).

Pingasa acutangula Warr., Nov, Zool, x. 352 (1903) (New Guinea).

The above synonymy has been overlooked, specimens from the Bismarck

Archipelago having apparently not reached this country. But Pagenstecher’s

description leaves no doubt of the identity, and I have before me a fine series of

Warren’s acutangula from Little Kei, most parts of New Guinea, Goodenough

Island, and Rook Island, so that its range in the Papuan subregion is evidently

194 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAB XXIII. 1916.

fairly extensive. From Rook Island, three of the examples belong to a very

noteworthy aberration, ab depleta nov., with all the dark colour obsolete, replaced

by very pale blue-grey. As the breast and forecoxa are more ochreous, the oliva-

ceous dusting of both wings somewhat stronger, the cell-mark of the forewing

perhaps slightly narrower than usual, and the postmedian line of the hindwing

slightly more angled outward on M? than usual (forming a more regular and deeper

inward curve between this vein and the abdominal margin), it is not inconceivable

that the impression of a distinct species, which is produced at first glance, may not

prove fallacious ; yet the distinctions, apart from the coloration, are exceedingly

slight and not quite constant.

11. Pingasa ruginaria andamanica subsp. nov.

Ground-colour as in the most deeply coloured aberrations of ruginaria ruginaria :

distal area more deeply and uniformly rufous, the pale subterminal line more or less

obliterated, only with traces remaining here and there, chiefly at the costal and

hindmargias. ;

Andaman Islands. Type from Port Blair, in coll. L. B. Prout.

12. Hypodoxa emiliaria aignanensis subsp. nov.

3?. Nearest to emiliaria purpurifera Warr., from the Solomons, the d above

more suffused with blackish (in e. purpurifera more olivaceous), the ? with reddish,

both sexes beneath with the cell-spot of the forewing somewhat reduced, that of the

hindwing wanting, the black borders—at least that of the hindwing—slightly

narrowed, not or scarcely angulated in the middle.

St. Aignan, Louisiades, September—November 1897 (A. S. Meek). Type in

coll. Tring Mus.

13. Dysphania pilosa gloriosa subsp. nov.

3, 110 mm. Forewing with the very large cell-spot preceded in cell by a

moderately broad (7 mm.) white band, which continues more irregularly (usually

narrowing) almost to hindmargin, its proximal edge more or less strongly and

irregularly dentate; in addition, a very narrow, interrupted white edging distally to

the cell-spot, its posterior extremity confluent with the white band, and remnants of

a very narrow, strongly sinuous outer band, showing chiefly as a pair of lunulate

spots between SC’ and R?, a smaller, more distal spot or dot in front of R* and a

slender streak from behind M! almost to hindmargin. Hindwing with a cor-

responding white discal band, the orange submarginal band about as in average

females of name-typical pzlosa.

?, 100-114 mm. Forewing with all the white markings considerably broader

than in the 3, the outer band only interrupted about M!, fleshy-tinted at posterior

end ; usually in addition some white spots near base. —— Hindwing with the white

and orange bands considerably widened.

Vella Lavella, Solomons, February—March 1906 (A. S. Meek). 4¢¢,5 29,

in coll, Tring Mus.

As the ground-colour is rather more blue (less purple) than in the other races,

this may possibly be a separate species, but it is in large measure connected with

the name-type by the ? of subsp. AZavicorpus Warr. from Choiseul, the d of which

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 195

differs little from the name-type. D. regnatrix Warr., from Kulambangra, and

imperatria Warr., from Isabel, each unfortunately founded on a unique ?, are also

evidently races, if not aberrations, of this variable species.

14. Dysphania minervaria latigrisea subsp. nov.

?, 72 mm. Smaller than name-typical minervaria Guen. from Burma.

Forewing without yellow patch on hindmargin, merely with a few yellow scales

proximally and distally to the postmedian band. Hindwing anteriorly grey

(concolorous with forewing), this shade reaching abdominal margin at base, then

posteriorly limited by M as far as the discal spot, by R? to the postmedian band,

and by SC? to the marginal spots, containing between postmedian and marginal a

small yellow spot.

Penang, December 1901 (Curtis). Type in coll. Tring Mus.

15. Dysphania militaris alloides subsp. nov.

3%, 66-70 mm. Considerably smaller than militaris militaris L., the yellow

colour less bright, the black markings mostly considerably broadened. In detail,

the principal distinctions are as follows :

Thorax and abdomen with the transverse bands on an average stronger.

Forewing with all the markings in proximal half broad, confluent at their ends,

more recalling those of subrepleta Walk., but still thicker, the outer ones slightly

less oblique, that from the costa still showing indications of the knobbed formation

behind the base of M? which is characteristic of militaris ; discal spot on an average

still more produced posteriorly, sometimes meeting the marginal band at R? and

thus dividing the white spots of the radial cells, which in this case are much

reduced ; outer band of white spots near tornus (from M? almost to hindmargin)

narrowed into a very elongate §. Hindwing with the discal spot and inner-

marginal spot confluent as in subrepleta; abdominal margin more shaded with

black than in either of the allies.

Andaman Islands: Port Blair, in coll. Tring Mus. (including type) and coll.

L. B. Prout.

Although Rev. C. R. N. Burrows has examined the genitalia and considers it a

form of militaris, I am more inclined to look upon this as a good species.

16. Dysphania subrepleta nias subsp. nov.

Ground-colour paler than in sudrepleta subrepleta, from Sumatra and Borneo—

in that race bright orange, in s. mas cadmium yellow or paler.

Nias, a very long series in coll. Tring Mus.

17. Dysphania subrepleta semifracta subsp. nov.

3. Ground-colour at least as pale yellow as in subrepleta excubitor Moore.

Forewing with the black proximal markings narrower than in average s. subrepleta,

but less reduced than in the more extreme forms of s. excudbitor. Hindwing with

the abdominal-marginal black mark reduced, not confluent with the discal spot ;

postmedian band narrow, about as in s. ewcubitor.

Hainan : Mt. Wuchi, May 1903 (type in coll. Tring Mus.) ; Youboi, June 1904

(in coll. Tring Mus.); Hoihow, 1915 (C. T. Bowring; in coll. L. B. Prout).

196 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

Nearest some forms of D. subrepleta excubitor ab. sodalis Moore, in which,

however, the abdominal-marginal band is confluent with the cell-spot.

18. Agathia lycaenaria (Koll.)

This species shows considerable geographical variation, to which attention has

not hitherto been called. The name-type, inhabiting North India (and from which

I do not at present separate the forms from the Malay Peninsula and Hong Kong,

Hainan, etc., though I believe that better material will reveal the existence of

two further races), is excellently figured by Herrich-Schaefter, Sammi. Aussereur-

Schmett. i., fig. 339, under the synonym of albiangularia, and has a $ with the

markings much broader, not or scarcely interrupted. Guenée’s figure (Spec. Gén.

Lep. ix. t. 3, f. 12), on a Masuri ?, but probably defective, shows ¢ coloration, the

postmedian band complete but narrow. The following subspecies are to be

differentiated :

A. lycaenaria impar subsp. nov. d: Forewing with postmedian band much

narrower, the mark at R’-M! reduced to a small lunule, that of hindmargin close

to tornus or wanting. 9: Markings broader than in the name-type.

S. India: Belgaum, Travancore, etc. Type (Belgaum, August 1895) in coll.

Tring Mus.

A. lycaenaria luzonensis subsp. nov. d?: Markings in both sexes broken

into spots.

Near Manila (J. Whitehead). Type in coll. Tring Mus.

I only know two examples, but according to Semper (Schmett. Philipp. ii.

638) this form is constant on the Philippines.

A. lycaenaria par subsp. nov. d, 33-34 mm.; ?, 37-38 mm. Sexes alike,

the d having more broadly discolorous costal margin of forewing and more reddish

markings than the d of the other forms. Forewing with postmedian band broken

into spots, about as in /. luzonensis but rather more oblique outward in anterior

half, the spot at R’-M! (which is intermediate in size between those of J. lycaenaria

and 2. impar), closely approaching termen posteriorly, succeeded by an additional

red dot in front of M?; hindmarginal spot near tornus. Hindwing with the tail at

R scarcely so strong as in the other forms, midterminal blotch more pyramidal

than in the other forms, expanding gradually to termen; abdominal-marginal spot

nearer tornus than in the other forms,

Palos Bay, Celebes, August—September 1896 (W. Doherty); Towaya, N.

of the Bay, a pair, including type; Dongala, 8. of the Bay, a pair; all in coll.

Tring Mus.

Possibly a distinct species.

A. lycaenaria hedia subsp. nov. d: Forewing nearly as in /. ¢mpar, the post-

median spot at R*-M' rarely quite so small, that at hindmargin (except in one or

two Sunda Island specimens) less abnormally placed; triangular terminal marks

at R? and R? reduced, the anterior one almost or quite obsolete. Hindwing about

as in l.impar. 9%: Near that of /. luzonensis, or intermediate towards /. lycaenaria,

the postmedian of both wings somewhat more nearly approaching the termen in

middle, the midterminal spot of hindwing consequently reduced.

Queensland: Townsville (F. P. Dodd), a series in coll. Tring Mus. I also

refer here, at least provisionally, the few specimens I have seen from the Sunda

Islands (Java, Sumba, Alor, Timor), though the females, at least on the more

westerly islands, deviate less from /. lycaenar?4.

NOYITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 197

19. Agathia albicurvatura spec. nov.

32, 29-31 mm. Face rose-pink, mixed with grey, lower part whitish. Palpus

in d with third joint very short, in 2 moderately elongate; mostly rosy, beneath

whitish. Vertex narrowly rosy ; occiput green. Thorax above green in front and

with a large green oval patch posteriorly, beneath whitish ; abdomen above rosy,

with a slight green admixture and some dark grey irroration, beneath whitish.

Hindtibia in d very strongly dilated, with dense light-brown hair-pencil and short

terminal process ; hindtarsus in d short.

Forewing without developed flap of scales from M over cell beneath ; bright

green ; costal edge broadly (at base narrowly) rose-pink, with a lilac tinge and with

sparse dark irroration; markings similarly coloured, in the d rather more lilac than

than in the ?; basal patch scarcely narrowed in meeting the costal streak; ante-

median band very narrow, in d twice interrupted (or indicated only by a few white

scales), in ? twice constricted, scarcely bent outward in middle ; postmedian band

accompanied proximally by an almost regularly curved white line from two-thirds

costa to hindmargin 1 mm. or less from tornus; the band itself very narrow, con-

stricted (in d interrupted) about R’, meeting the narrow terminal band just behind

R? ; fringe pale brown, palest proximally, with vague dark dividing-line accentuated

by darker spots opposite the veins, those at apex and R? strongest, but not as sharp

as in many species. Hindwing shaped nearly as in the typical group, but with

the tail at R? relatively somewhat shorter, that at M! well appreciable, the dis-

crepancy between the two therefore less sharp ; postmedian band narrow, dentate

inward before and behind R?, accompanied proximally by a conspicuous white line ;

the green anterior patch between this and terminal line relatively long and narrow ;

blackish terminal mark in the tail triangular, the accompanying white mark rather

narrow ; extreme abdominal margin white, becoming mixed with rosy before

middle, the rosy colour widening very gradually and showing (especially in the ?)

a hook-shaped projection 3 mm. before tornus.

Underside pale, with the antemedian weakened, the other markings darkened.

Dongala, S. of Palos Bay, Celebes, August—September 1896 (W. Doherty).

Type in coll. Tring Mus.

20. Agathia asterias Meyr.

This species appears to be geographically as well as individually variable.

It was described from the ? and always shows rather strong sexual dimorphism,

the dd having the markings much darker, in most forms narrower. It differs from

distributa T. P. Luc. in the more extended markings, the subapical band of the

forewing not or scarcely interrupted, running to termen, whereas in distributa it

is much interrupted and runs to hindmargin well proximally to tornus ; in the

reddened abdominal margin of hindwing and the well-developed white spot before

the tail; and finally in the abdomen, which in the d is strongly darkened dorsally,

especially in a sort of irregular double line bordering the slight crests, in the ?

more mottled, wkereas in both sexes of distributa it is green, with a quadrate

blackish spot on first tergite and a few pairs of small dots posteriorly.

A. asterias asterias, 32-38 mm., very rarely attaining the latter measurement.

Bands on an average narrow, especially in the ¢, rarely very strongly swollen

into spots.

Queensland.

198 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916,

A. asterias diversilinea Warr. Generally much larger (42-48 mm.), but very

variable in size. d& otherwise little different from a. asterias, 2 with the red

markings much broader, alternately swollen and constricted.

British New Guinea and its eastern satellite islands. The form from the

Snow Mountains, Dutch New Guinea, is intermediate between this and the

following.

A. asterias ampla Prout. As large as the preceding or still larger; markings

still further broadened, especially in the ¢, the subapical and marginal bands of

the forewing connected or almost connected along R°, enclosing a large round green

spot between this and M!.

Arfak Mountains, Dutch New Guinea.

A. asterias irregularis subsp. nov. 39-42 mm. Both sexes with abdomen

partly green, the medio-dorsal stripe remaining reddish, with the double black

(in ? redder) line sometimes a little interrupted ; median band moderately broad,

its swellings strong; subapical band of forewing narrowed to a thread between

R? and R°, then suddenly widened into a blotch which is broadly confluent with

the marginal band; marginal band quite narrow, irregular; hindwing with the red

or purple shade on abdominal margin narrowed except near tornus, where it is

swollen into a conspicuous spot, marginal band somewhat correspondingly formed

to that of forewing.

Key Islands (H. Kühn). Both sexes in coll. Tring Mus.

21. Agathia eromena spec. nov.

3, 42-44 mm. Closely similar to certain forms of asterias, of which it may

even prove a local race, in spite of the geographical separation. Distinguished as

follows :

Abdomen above predominantly reddish-brown, with the crests better developed,

blackish. Forewing with costal margin purplish to nearer base than in most

asterias, median band very narrow, sometimes excessively narrow and broken,

rather markedly bent outward in middle; subapical and marginal bands, on the

other hand, almost as well developed as in asterias ampla, less mixed with blackish

proximally, not separated from the ground-colour by any yellow band; the enclosed

green subapical patch not or barely reaching R?. Hindwing with submarginal

(marginal) band rather broad, its proximal edge almost even, rather regularly and

markedly dentate, not edged with yellow ; the white spot before tail narrow to very

narrow. Underside strongly suffused with buff.

S. Celebes, August—September 1891 (W. Doherty). Type in coll. Tring Mus.

A. eromena cara subsp. nov., 36 mm., is still nearer to asterias, in that the

borders are yellow-edged proximally, the green subapical patch of forewing crosses

R3, and the white spot at tail of hindwing is less narrowed.

Philippines. Type, Palawan, August—September 1894, in coll. Tring Mus.

This is probably the carissima of Semper (Schmett. Philipp. ii. 638), nec Butl. ;

the occurrence of true carissima on the Philippines seems unlikely.

22. Agathia furtiva spec. nov.

d, 32 mm. Exceedingly like some forms of asterias Meyr. Palpus with third

joint still more minute, almost entirely concealed ; very little marked with red or

fuscous. Structure otherwise similar. Abdomen not blackened on mid-dorsum, not

showing the paired black markings which are usual in astervas.

Noyitatis ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 199

Forewing with the general coloration and pattern of dark-marked, narrow-

banded & asterias; basal patch broadening rather than narrowing anteriorly ;

median band forming three small triangular markings, slightly connected by a pale

line; the oblique subapical band strongly interrupted at R?, its proximal edging

entirely or predominantly white (in wsterias bright yellow); marginal band exceed-

ingly narrow bnt almost even throughout, only narrowing a little towards the apical

spot, which is very small—the swelling into spots at R? and R* which is indicated

even in the narrowest-bordered asterias altogether wanting. Hindwing also

nearly as in asterias, but with the red or purple markings on distal part of abdominal

margin much reduced, except for a conspicuous triangular or somewhat hook-shaped

projection 3-4 mm. from tornus, from the apex of which a pale, dark-spotted line is

traceable to the distal border just in front of fold; proximal edging of submarginal

band white or whitish.

?, 32-35 mm. Quite similar to the d except that the markings are redder.

Palpus not quite so long as in asterias ¢.

Dammer Island, December 1898, including the type; Larat, February 1901

(H. Kühn); a short series in coll. Tring Mus. Virtually the same race occurs on

Java, though the females are there larger and with the markings not quite so

narrow. Material must be awaited from the intervening islands.

23. Agathia laetata isogyna subsp. nov.

3%. Distal borders deeper purple than in even the ¢ of J. daetata (from 8.

India * and Ceylon) and alike in both sexes, its proximal edge on forewing less

curved or bent in middle.

Assam to Malay Peninsula. The type d, from Cherrapunji, in coll. Tring Mus.

The ground-colour may be of an intenser green, but I have seen few J. laetata

in such beautiful condition. This race bears a remarkable resemblance to the & of

prasinaspis Meyr., except in its smaller size and the different shape of the green

subapical spot of forewing, which in prasinaspis is ovoid, while in J. isogyna its

distal edge is quite flat, except for the minute, scarcely noticeable indentations

between the veins. prasinaspis shows strong sexual dimorphism.

24. Agathia hilarata hainanensis subsp. nov.

3, 32-34 mm. On an average smaller than A. hilarata Guen., the terminal

and subapical bands narrowed, the latter threadlike or almost interrupted between

R? and R? of forewing ; antemedian line of forewing also narrowed, straighter, only

very faintly angled at M and scarcely becoming more oblique outward at hindmargin.

In addition the markings appear somewhat more variegated, their ground-colour

rather lighter reddish, with partial dark proximal edging and dark spots in places.

Thorax and base of abdomen above predominantly green.

? not essentially different from that of 4. hilarata ; markings perhaps lighter,

brighter reddish ; thorax and abdomen about as in d.

Hainan: Mt. Wuchi, May 1903, type d and a 2; Wuteryong, May 1903, 1 2;

Cheng-Mai, July 1902, August 1904, 2 $d; Taipinshi, June 1906, 1 d; all in coll.

Tring Mus. é

* Fabricius only gives “ East Indies” as locality, but the probabilities support the determinations of

Moore and Aurivillius, the latter (Znt. Vid. xviii. 165) made on an examination of the type.

200 Novirates ZooLOGICAE XXIII, 1916,

25, Agathia hilarata latilimes subsp. nov,

Rather smaller than 4. hilarata, the antemedian band of forewing not quite

so oblique posteriorly, the border of both wings broader—at least 1 mm. wide at

the narrowest point on each side of the subapical green patch of the forewing and

at hindmargin, at least 2 mm. wide proximally to the green patch of hindwing—on

forewing not containing a white dot between R* and M!.

W. Java. Type in coll. Tring. Mus.

26. Agathia codina australis subsp. nov.

On an average slightly smaller than c. codina, from the Khasis, but showing

especially the following differences :

Both wings with the dark parts more purplish, in the distal area beneath

broadened. Forewing with the green apical patch reduced. Hindwing with

the white costal triangle larger, tinged with violaceous, the postmedian line much

more acutely angled at R°.

Penang, November 1896 (Curtis), type and others in coll. Tring Mus. Also

from Kina Balu, N. Borneo.

27. Alloeopage cinerea (Warr.)

This species, except for the very strong sexual dimorphism, shows little

variation on the mainland of New Guinea, but it is very interesting on some

outlying islands. The forms at present known may be separated as follows.

A. cinerea cinerea. This was described (Nov. Zool. iii. 284) from a 2 from

Fergusson Island, and the d has not yet been made known. It differs from the d

of subsp. velata in its larger size (almost or quite equalling that of the $ name-

type), much larger discal mark of forewing, more distinct cell-dot of hindwing,

thicker and more distinct lines and frequently confluent dark blotches at the costal

end of the, postmedian and subterminal of forewing. Often also the postmedian is

marked with black between SC’ and R’, almost as in Helicopage hirundinalis Wary.

Dutch New Guinea: Ninay Valley, Central Arfak Mountains ; Upper Setekwa

River and near Oetakwa River, Snow Mountains. German New Guinea:

Stephansort. British New Guinea: Biagi, Mambare River; Holnicote Bay to

Owen Stanley Range ; Kumusi River; Upper Aroa River. Fergusson Island.

North Queensland: Kuranda and Geraldton, near Cairns.

A. cinerea virescens subsp. nov. d: size of name-typical form. Forewing

with first line only represented by three conspicuous dots, one at each margin

and a large round one in cell; costal blotches obsolete; subterminal line broken

into spots. Hindwing with the lines of distal half thickened posteriorly, but

not united into a blotch. 2 : almost concolorous with 3, the cloudings olivaceous,

not brownish or reddish.*

Rook Island, August 1913 (A. S. Meek). Type in coll. Tring Mus.

A. cinerea velata (= Helicopage velata Warr., Nov. Zool. iv. 390). Besides

Warren’s type, three others (2 dd, 1 2) from Woodlark and a single 2 from

Rossel Island are in the Tring Museum; already discussed by Warren, Nov. Zool.

vi. 330. Smaller than the two preceding.

| A. cinerea euri subsp. nov. Similar to the preceding, agreeing in size, but

differing in that the ¢ lacks the large grey blotch of the hindwing and has less

* Warren describes the markings of the name-type partly as “olive-grey,” but this is misleading,

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 201

distinct thickenings at the costal end of the postmedian and subterminal lines of

the forewing. The ? is rather variable, sometimes nearly like that of c. velata,

but on the whole more sharply marked with black postmedian dots, the straight

blackish line from apex towards tornus sometimes thickened, occasionally ending

in a tornal blotch.

Snd-Est Island, April 1898 (A. S. Meek), 4 63,5 2 2 in coll. Tring Museum.

Warren, Nov. Zool. vi. 330, in discussing (without naming) this form, refers to

it one from Suer, Mefor. This reference, I find, is based on a single small 3,

“somewhat discoloured; I believe it represents another distinct race, similar to

e. eur, but not yet available for classification.

28. Dooabia lunifera plana subsp. nov.

3. Differs from the name-typical /unifera Moore, from Assam, in having

the antemedian line almost obsolete, indicated by weak dots on the veins, the

postmedian of both wings also weakened, chiefly expressed on the veins, the

posterior terminal blotch of forewing and the terminal markings of hindwing

wanting.

Kina Balu, N. Borneo (J. Waterstradt). Type in coll, Tring Mus.

The forewing is less elbowed at RP, the termen of hindwing less strongly waved

than in most examples of /. Zunifera, but there is a slight variability observable in

the shape in the latter race.

29. Ornithospila avicularia insularis subsp. nov.

3%, 37-41 mm. Besides the markedly smaller size, this differs from the

Indian form as follows : Ground-colour slightly deeper green ; terminal line rather

stronger; fringe deeper brown-red, approaching that of cineta Walk. ; costal edge

of forewing more strongly dark-dotted.

Sumatra: Upper Palembang district (Volcker), a series in coll. Tring Mus,

including the type. Also one from Kuching, Borneo.

This is clearly the insect which Snellen, in Veth’s Midden-Sumatra (iv. (8)

p. 53), takes to be the d of his circumflexaria, founded and figured on a single ?

from Silago, Central Sumatra; the last-mentioned, a synonym of submonstrans

Walk., is certainly his type.

30. Ornithospila bipunctata spec. nov.

3 3, 42-46 mm. Distinguished from sudmonstrans Walk., with which it has

hitherto been confounded, as follows :

Palpus more infuscated, without appreciable green stripe along second joint.

Antenna of ¢ with the pectinations not continuing quite so far distally. Both

wings with termen smoother, apex of forewing less pointed, fringe not or only very

feebly dark-spotted, lines less crenulate. Forewing with costal edge scarcely

dotted with reddish ; lines generally nearer together ; discal dot smaller. Hind-

wing with a red discal dot in place of the circumflex mark ; beneath generally with

a more definite green distal border.

Bunguran, Natuna Islands, October 7, 1894 (Hose), type in coll. Tring Mus.

Also from Penang, Selangor, Borneo, and Celebes. Here belongs Walker’s (Oxford

Museum) original 3 “ submonstrans” from Borneo, but his type (the ? in coll. Brit.

Mus., the only specimen registered in his List Lep. Ins.; cfr. Swinh., Cat. Lep. Het.

Oxf. Mus. ii. 403) is of the other species.

202 Novirates Zootogican XXIT. 1916.

31. Ornithospila submonstrans moluccensis subsp. nov.

Costal margin of forewing as in O. bipunctata Prout, the lines also approximated,

as in that species, and rather more weakly crenulate than in s. swhmonstrans; spots

on fringe somewhat intermediate between those of the two forms named.

Laiwui, Obi, September 1897 (W. Doherty), type in coll. Tring Mus. Also

others from this locality and Obi Major (including 1 ?) and from Batjan.

The superficial approach of this race to O. bipunctata does not at all extend to

the discal marks, which are on an average even stronger than in s. submonstrans.

32. Ornithospila odontogramma spec. nov.

3 2,40-48 mm. Face green. First and second joints of palpus whitish, with

a red-brown stripe on upper part of outer side, also at tip of second joint ; third

joint blackish fuscous. A narrow white fillet between antennae. Antennal pectina-

tions of ¢ relatively long, continuing farther distally than in avicularia. Thorax

and abdomen green, beneath whitish.

Forewing bright apple-green, at least as vivid as in avicularta; costal edge

whitish, strongly dotted and spotted with pinkish grey; lines rather distinct, dark

green, the pale edging on the reverse sides very weak; postmedian farther removed

from antemedian than in the other species, especially in anterior part, where it

bulges outward, more deeply dentate than in any other of the genus; cell-dot rather

large, red, mixed with blackish; the smaller mark on DC? also present (otherwise

only occurring in avicularia); terminal line developed; fringe pinkish white or very

pale pink, darkened at the vein-ends, proximally somewhat whiter between them.

Hindwing without first line, the angulated cell-mark strong, the rest as on

forewing.

Forewing beneath paler, at hindmargin whitish ; cell-mark strong; lines feebly

indicated, not dentate; terminal line and fringe nearly as above. Hindwing beneath

dirty yellowish green, at termen greener; cell-mark and green postmedian line

indicated ; terminal line and fringe nearly as above.

Moluccas: Obi Major (Waterstradt), type and others; Batjan, March 1892

(W. Doherty ; also from Waterstradt) ; Amboina, February and August 1892 (W.

Doherty). A series in coll. Tring Mus. Also a single worn d from Kayeli, Buru,

March 1897 (W. Doherty).

Differs from submonstrans moluccensis in the absence of green band on palpus,

presence of red mark on DC? of forewing, much more dentate lines, ete.

33. Ornithospila viridimargo spec. nov.

?, 41 mm. Face green. First joint of palpus white; second joint green,

mixed with white beneath; third joint long, dark reddish fuscous. Vertex green,

narrowly white between the antennae. Thorax and abdomen green, partly white

beneath.

Forewing with apex not acute, termen almost smooth, very gently curved ;

bright green, not quite so yellowish as in the other species ; costal edge, except at

extreme base, very narrowly whitish with green and red-brown dots; lines vague,

dull reddish ; antemedian almost obsolete; postmedian deeply lunulate-dentate,

about 4 mm. from termen at radials, receding (but almost obsolete) anteriorly, very

gently incurved between R* and SM?; discal dot rather small, dull reddish, mixed

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII, 1916. 203

with black; red terminal line almost obsolete, invisible to the naked eye, discernible

with the lens as a series of exceedingly fine, well separated interneural marks ;

fringe green, at tips whitish grey. Hindwing with termen scarcely prominent

at R*; postmedian and terminal lines and fringe as on forewing ; the characteristic

cell-mark of the genus present, thickened on DC’, very slender on anterior half

of DC*, enlarged into a black-mixed dot at cell-fold, here terminating.

Underside paler green.—Forewing with costal edge nearly as above;

cell-dot present; very shadowy indications of a postmedian line. Hindwing

almost unmarked ; very slender traces of the cell-mark.

Type in coll. Tring Mus., unfortunately without any indication of its source.

Very distinct in the reddish postmedian line, obsolescence of red terminal line,

and in the green fringe.

34, Anisozyga albifimbria viridimargo subsp. nov.

Differs from a. albifimbria Warr. (Nov. Zool. x. 262), the form from

Bougainville, Treasury, Choiseul, Gizo, Isabel, Florida and 8. Christoval Islands,

as follows :

3. Scarcely distinguishable above except that the costal margin of forewing is

less mixed with white ; subterminal white spots small. Submarginal band of

forewing beneath broadened in anterior part and extending faintly to the hindmargin,

continued (narrow but distinct) on anterior half of hindwing.

?. Termen not white, except for some quite small lunules proximally to some

of the green ones (especially before and behind SC? of the forewing); the green

marginal lunules larger; fringe less pure white. Both wings beneath with

complete, rather broad brown submarginal band.

Vella Lavella, February—March 1908 (A. 8. Meek). Type in coll. Tring Mas.

The antemedian line is on an average less angulated on submedian fold than

in a. albifimbria, but this is not constant.

35. Anisozyga subliturata subobsoleta subsp. nov.

3%. Both wings beneath with less suffasion in proximal half; forewing

with first line entirely wanting ; hindwing beneath with first line (or band) entirely

wanting in d, slender and faint in 9.

Ninay Valley, Central Arfak Mountains, Dutch New Guinea. Type in coll.

Tring Mus.

36. Anisozyga iridescens longiuscula subsp. nov.

Larger than 7. iridescens Warr. (29-35 mm., as against 26-30), relatively

slightly longer-winged ; & otherwise scarcely distinguishable, the terminal line,

however, more mixed with fuscous. as described by me in Nov. Zool. xx. 407.

Mount Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea. Type (¢) in coll. Tring Mus.

I find that innuba Warr. (Nov. Zool. xiv. 128), with the terminal markings

redder and extending in a breadth of almost 1 mm. to tornus on both wings, is the

2 to 2. iridescens (Biagi); reducta Warr. (Nov. Zool. xix. 70), from Ninay Valley,

Jentral Arfak Mountains, is another race of the same species, the ? with the

border shaped almost as in %, iridescens = innuba, but coloured as in 2, longiuscula.

204 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

37. Chloromachia semialba viridior subsp. nov.

Forewing above and beneath with the brown clouding more restricted, in its

broadest part scarcely reaching behind the median vein ; postmedian line merely

waved, almost parallel with termen throughout, entirely lacking the strong central

projection of s. semialba. Both wings beneath with the distal brown spots less

developed.

Ceylon. Type d in coll. Tring Mus. Paratypes, both sexes, in coll. Brit. Mus.

38. Uliocnemis elegans unidentata subsp. nov.

3?. Forewing with the postmedian line slightly more dentate in anterior

half; anal blotch on an average rather larger ; the minute terminal dots obso-

lescent above and beneath. Hindwing with apical blotch on an average broader,

especially in the 6; postmedian line less straight, somewhat incurved between R?

and M?, markedly dentate outward on M”.

Rook Island, July 1913 (A. S. Meek). Type in coll. Tring Mus.

To judge from a single example in my collection, as well as the geographical

probabilities, this is also the form from the Bismarck Archipelago (exssidara

Pagenst., nec Guen.).

39. Spaniocentra intermediata spec. nov.

d, 34mm. Face pale red. Palpus red above, white beneath. Vertex white ;

occiput narrowly red. Antennal shaft white proximally, reddish distally ; pectina-

tions twice as long as diameter of shaft. Thorax above green. Abdomen above

red, heavily dotted with black, second and third tergites each with a pair of oval

white spots, as in the allies. Hindtibia strongly dilated.

Forewing with termen bent at R*, but not nearly so strongly as in undiferata

Walk., the anterior part being rather more oblique, the posterior decidedly less so ;

green; the costal margin yellowish, irrorated with red and black, the extreme

costal edge snow-white ; lines almost obsolete, with the faintest indication in paler

green ; cell-dot red, mixed with black ; tornal blotch very dark (red, almost entirely

overlaid with black and olivaceous, as in pannosa lyra Swinh.), reaching, but

not or barely crossing M!, at hindmargin narrowed almost to a point; terminal

line red, mixed with violaceous and slightly irrorated with black, expanding a little

at the veins and apex, but much less than in undiferata ; fringe yellowish, tinged

in places with red and with vague dark spots or cloudings opposite the veins.

Hindwing shaped nearly as in pannosa Moore, termen very slightly more convex ;

a distinct dot on DC, corresponding to that of forewing; the dentate postmedian

line faintly indicated in whitish green ; terminal line nearly as on forewing, swelling

slightly more from apex to R!, at R’ and at M! ; fringe as on forewing.

Both wings beneath whitish green ; forewing with the tornal blotch rather less

sharp than above, almost broken into two, leaving traces of the ground-colour just

behind M? and thence along termen nearly to tornus, costal margin somewhat

yellowish ; hindwing unmarked, or with very small fuscous terminal spot behind

SC’; fringes yellowish.

S. Celebes, August—September 1891 (W. Doherty). Type in coll. Tring Mus.

In spite of the very different shape, this appears to have been mixed with

undiferata Walk., from the same locality ; except for the difference in the hind-

tibia, it might almost be taken for a subspecies of pannosa Moore.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 205

40. Comibaena mariae syndyas subsp. nov.

3?. Sexes alike, the tornal blotch of forewing and apical blotch of hindwing

chocolate, even more uniform than in the female of mariae mariae T. P. Luc., from

Queensland, recalling the darkest aberrations of integranota« Hmpsn. The tornal

blotch of forewing is generally rather smaller, only just crossing M!, whereas in

m, mariae it usually reaches R’. Hindwing with discal dot less sharp, almost or

entirely obsolete beneath.

New Guinea: Ninay Valley, Central Arfak Mountains; near Oetakwa River,

Snow Mountains (including the type, coll. Tring Mus.); Mount Goliath ; Kumusi

River, N.E. British New Guinea ; Goodenough Island.

As ab. (?) aporia noy. I describe a d form in which the centre of the blotches

is paler, their border dark, nearly as in m. mariae, from which, however, the new

form differs in having the blotch of forewing larger, reaching R?, the dark part of

both blotches broader. Ninay Valley, 3500 ft., November 1908—January 1909,

4 $4 in coll. Tring Mus. taken together with 4 typical dd of m. syndyas. Possibly

a separate species, but I can find no structural difference, and the colour variation is

only such as is well known in integranota Hmpsn.

41. Chrysochloroma meeki malthaca subsp. nov.

3, 36-38 mm. Considerably smaller than meek? meeki, from the Trobriand

Islands, and of a lighter, more yellowish shade, approaching apple-green.

St. Aignan, Louisiades, December 1897 (A. 8. Meek). Type in coll. Tring Mus.

The ? of m. malthaca has a whitish underside, as in megaloptera Lower, and

indeed altogether resembles that species except in the more crenulate margin and

in the much more bent line of the hindwing. The ? of m. meeki has not been

received,

42. Gelasma subannulata spec. nov.

3,38 mm. Face dull dark reddish. Palpus one-and-a-quarter times diameter

of eye, with third joint very short ; above dull dark reddish, mixed with black ;

beneath whitish. Antennal pectinations rather long, continuing to about the

thirty-seventh joint. Thorax and abdomen concolorous with wings. Hindtibia

strongly dilated, the spurs very short.

Forewing with termen slightly straighter and more oblique than in glaucaria

Walk. ; SC! free ; very pale, glossy yellowish green (perhaps a little discoloured

in relaxing), the costal edge narrowly yellow, with a few red-brown specks ; lines

marked by slightly deeper green shading and by having their reverse edges

whitish, as in glaucaria ; antemedian 4 mm. from base, dentate inward on M and

SM2, lunulate outward between and in cell; cell-mark large, slightly pale-centred,

suggesting a long, narrow ocellus; postmedian line lunulate-dentate, 4-5 mm. from

termen, nearly parallel therewith, slightly receding at costa and with a deeper

lunule between M and SM?; terminal line very slender, interrupted, blackish

fuscous; fringe with small but sharp blackish dots opposite the veins.

Hindwing rather elongate at abdominal margin, rather squared at apex, tail at

R3 strong (shape of section Thalerura, though not very extreme); antemedian line

wanting, postmedian as on forewing, terminal slightly stronger ; cell-spot elongate,

but not ocellated ; fringe as on forewing.

206 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICA XXIII, 1916.

Underside white, with costal edge of forewing yellow ; fringes yellow, with

blackish dots,

Tondano, N. Celebes, September—October 1899. Type in coll. Tring Mus.

43. Gelasma hemitheoides spec. nov.

3, 28-31 mm. Face and palpus dirty brown, the latter narrowly whitish

beneath. Vertex narrowly white. Occiput, thorax and abdomen concolorous with

wings. Antennal pectinations long and lax. Hindtibia not very strongly dilated,

the hair-pencil present, but not very thick.

Forewing olive ; costal edge ochreous, with dark dots or strigulae ; lines white ;

antemedian from before one-fourth costa, oblique outward, strongly curved in cell,

rather deeply angled inward on M, excurved at fold, somewhat incurved on SM’;

postmedian fine and rather weak towards costa, otherwise strong, deeply lunulate-

dentate, the deepest and thickest lunule at the fold ; discal mark elongate, nearly

obsolete ; termen with small whitish dots at vein-ends; a fine whitish line at base

of fringe, which is otherwise dark grey, darker proximally than distally.

Hindwing quadrate, with abdominal margin long, tail at R* strong; discal mark

sometimes rather stronger than on forewing; postmedian line reproduced,

projecting outward at R’—M!; termen and fringe as on forewing.

Underside white, forewing anteriorly slightly greyish and with costal edge

nearly as above ; fringes nearly as above.

Khasis : Shillong, etc. Type in coll. Tring Mus.

Has been confused with griseoviridis Warr. Wings longer, with longer tail

to hindwing (shape of the Hemithea insularia group), colour less dark grey, lines

wuch more deeply lunulate-dentate.

44, Gelasma mutatilinea spec. nov.

3,32 mm. Similar to thetydaria Guen. Palpus rather longer, one-and-a-half

times diameter of eye, as against one-and-a-quarter, Pectinations of antenna not

quite so Jong, ceasing earlier (little beyond middle of shaft). Face darker. Wings

narrower, hindwing with apex squarer, tail longer (about shape of preceding

species). Forewing with costal edge more strongly dark-dotted, the green lines

(bands) not quite so thick, antemedian more curved inward anteriorly, postmedian

receding from termen anteriorly (in ¢hetydarta strongly approaching it), fringe

darker (olive-green in proximal half), —— Hindwing with DC less oblique outward,

Khasis, Type in coll. Tring Mus.

45. Thalassodes tanymelea spec. nov.

3%, 43-45 mm. Excessively like dorsipunctata Warr., differing as follows :

Palpus in both sexes longer, third joint in d almost, in 2 fully as long as

second. Antennal pectinations in ¢ longer. Hindtibial process in d longer,

extending somewhat beyond middle of first tarsal joint. Forewing with post-

median line still weaker, appearing less dentate, through the entire suppression of

the white dashes on the veins. —— Hindwing rather more weakly angled at R°,

postmedian line as on forewing.

Rook Island, July 1913, 2 dd, one being the type; August 1913, 2 2?

(A. S. Meek). Type in coll. Tring Mus.

A pair of dorsipunctata Warr, occurred in the same locality in July.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAH XXIII. 1916. 207

46, Thalassodes aptifimbria spec. nov.

$2, 44-46 mm. Like hypocrites Prout, but without the white terminal dots

and with the fringe green, unspotted, paler distally and with a fine whitish line at

its base. Slightly bluer green, the characteristic white spots at hindmargin

generally narrower.

Darjiling, a few examples. Type d in coll. Tring Mus.

It is not likely that this is merely a local race of hypocrites. I know of no

analogy for such a wide divergence in fringe coloration, and moreover I have before

me a single example of aptifimbria from the Khasis, where otherwise hypocrites

shows no variation.

47. Thalassodes effata spec. nov.

3, 54 mm. Face bright green. Palpus less than one-and-a-half times as

long as diameter of eye, third joint about half as long as second; green on outer

side, whitish beneath. Vertex white; occiput green. Antenna white at base,

otherwise yellow ochreous, somewhat more reddish beneath. Thorax green, partly

whitish beneath; pectus strongly hairy. Abdomen above green, beneath whitish.

Fore and middle legs partly reddish-brown above; hindfemur rather strongly

hairy; hindtibia dilated, with strong ochreous hair-tuft and short terminal

process.

Forewing with termen slightly curved anteriorly and close to tornus, straight

or very slightly incurved between ; deep pea-green, with costal edge narrowly pale

ochreous and with slight blue-whitish strigulation; near base somewhat more

mottled with blue-whitish, an indistinct postmedian band of the same from base

of M! to hindmargin and still more faintly anteriorly to M!; coarse and copious

strigulae and dots at distal margin for a width of 3 or 4 mm, (narrowing to apex) ;

fringe green, rather paler distally. Hindwing with the angle at R* moderate ;

the whitish strigulation and mottling in basal and central areas stronger, except

along abdominal margin and on the raised discocellulars, a rather broad green

postmedian band consequently distinct, angulated about M! near the termen,

becoming broader and more diffuse to abdominal margin and tornus.

Underside similar but much paler, costal margin of forewing more broadly

whitish ochreous.

Batjan (Waterstradt). Type in coll. Tring Mus.

48. Thalassodes acutipennis spec. nov.

d,34mm. Face rather narrow, green. Palpus with third joint rather elongate ;

green, paler beneath. Vertex white. (Thorax and abdomen discoloured.) Hind-

tibia with hair-pencil and a rather short terminal process (length of terminal spurs).

Forewing with apex acute and slightly produced, termen rather strongly oblique,

except close to apex almost straight; SC free, R! long-stalked ; yellowish green,

more approaching the colour of swdviridis Warr. than the normal Thalassodes

colour; some whitish strigulation; traces of a diffuse whitish postmedian line or

band, rather nearer to termen than in most of the species. Hindwing with apex

squared, angle at R? moderately strong, termen otherwise straight ; traces of an

angulated postmedian band, corresponding to that of forewing.

Underside apparently little paler, unmarked.

208 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII, 1916.

Ruk (Caroline Islands), June 1896, Type in coll. Tring Mus.

The unique type is unfortunately a good deal rubbed, but shape, colour, and

structure will render it easy of recognition.

49. Strepsichlora remissa nom. nov.

Strepsichlora acutilunata 9 Warr., Nov. Zool. xiv. 136 (1907) (nec @).

Although I am still unacquainted with the true ¢ of acutilunata and the 3 of

the present species, J have no hesitation in separating the two. The species of this

genus show no sexual and little individual variation, and the costal and median

markings, the dotted termen and fringe, ete., of remissa are absolutely distinctive ;

the abdomen has the white spot on second tergite enlarged, the others obsolescent,

whereas acutilunata has a uniform row of small dots. The coincidence of the

occurrence of the two species in the same locality, which misled Warren, is less

remarkable when it is observed that the single $ (remissa) was taken in January—

probably a straggler from an earlier brood—the series of 0 ¢ (acutilunata) February

to April.

It may be here remarked that dissömilis Warr. (Nov. Zool. xix. 73) is a rather

more strongly marked race, if not indeed a synonym, of acutilunata.

50. Oxychora dentilinea (\Varr.)

Oxypora dentilinea 9 Warr., Nov. Zool. xix. 80 (1912) (nec £).

Warren described this species from the $ and added a brief reference to the d

which he believed to belong to it. This 3, however, is a quite distinct species,

exactly matched by a ? from the same locality with strongly pectinate antenna,

as in tenuis Warr. (cfr. Nov. Zool. xx. 432). This pair may, at least provisionally,

be merged with assimilis Rothsch. (Lep. Brit. Orn. Un. Exped. p. 9), described

from a unique and rather faded 6, which looks yellower green, with less fuscous

costal edge and some other trifling differences.

51. Oenospila lucifimbria glaucilinea subsp. nov.

Brighter green than lucifimbria lucifimbria Warr., the lines twice as thick, of

a more decided glaucous, the costal and distal edges brighter yellow.

Rook Island, July—August 1913 (A. S. Meek). Type d and 6 $ ? in coll.

Tring Mus.

52. Berta anteplaga spec nov.

3, 24-26 mm. General coloration of chrysolineata Walk. Antennal pectina-

tions rather less long.

Forewing with termen smoother and more regular; SC! arising from cell,

though close to its end, anastomosing rather strongly with C; the white spots

rather less intense, much less regularly and quite differently distributed, those of

the proximal and distal areas being very small, those of the median mostly wanting,

replaced by a large, irregularly quadrate patch shortly beyond the cell, bounded by

R! and R%, and a much smaller subcostal patch anterior to its distal extremity.

Hindwing with termen rather less deeply dentate; distal spots much smaller than

in chrysolineata.

Khasis, March 1894 (type) and February 1894 (3), all in coll. Tring Mus.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII, 1916. 209

Labelled by Warren “ albiplaga Warr.’’—evidently without consulting his type,

which is smaller and duller, without the white median patches of the forewing, and

with SC! stalked with the other subcostals.

Supramity GEOMETRINAE

53. Hyposidra apioleuca spec. nov.

3,50 mm. Head and body black.

Forewing with costa moderately strongly arched towards apex, termen oblique,

shallowly concave between SC’ and M'; dull brown-black, with rather thick, slightly

deeper black antemedian and postmedian lines very faintly indicated; a white apical

band, at the apex itself clouded with the ground-colour, especially at costa and

between SC’ and R!; proximal edge of this baud extending from costa 7 or 8 mm.

from apex to termen just in front of M!, very slightly lunulate inward between the

veins. Hindwing with termen waved, a slightly more definite excision between

the radials, the tooth at R* noticeable but not large ; without white marking.

Underside nearly as upper, forewing with slightly more noticeable whitish

irroration and clouding on the black parts, hindwing in addition with a slightly

paler tone along costa and distal area.

Medan, Doloc Baros Estate, Sumatra, May. Type in coll. L. B. Prout.

A NEW ORTHOSTIXIS (Famity GHOMETRIDAEL).

By LOUIS B. PROUT, F.ES.

Orthostixis impura spec. nov.

?,40 mm. Head and body concolorous with wings ; tip of palpus blackish.

Forewing above much less white than in the other species, almost drab-grey ;

markings essentially as in crzdraria Hb., but with the antemedian row of dots

forming a much stronger curve, the indefinite ones on © and SC being placed

6°) mm. from the base, that on M 7 mm. from base (almost at the origin of M?),

that on SM? scarcely 5 mm. from base ; postmedian row of dots only weakly

curved; all these dots small; those of the termen rather strong. Hindwing

concolorous, marked almost as in eribraria ; cell-dot and terminal dots strong.

Underside concolorous, but with the costal and distal areas of the forewing

somewhat darkened ; cell-dots strong; both wings with a weak postmedian and

rather stronger terminal series.

Troödes, Cyprus, July 7, 1911 (J. A. Bucknill). Type in coll, Tring Mus.

With only a single specimen, and that a ?, it is impossible to decide whether

this may be merely a local form of cribraria ; it was received as “ ? caleularia Led.”

The connective bar between C and SC of the hindwing is present, but exceedingly

slender.

210 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAR XXIII. 1916,

NEW ORIENTAL NOCTUIDAE IN THE TRING MUSEUM.*

By tHe tate W. WARREN, M.A.

1. Ramadasa fumipennis spec. nov.

Forewing marked like pavo, but the basal half is blue-grey with fine black

speckling and the outer half brownish yellow; the spot on inner margin beyond

outer line large. Hindwing yellow, the basal half suffused with fuscous except

just beyond cell; a broad black subterminal band with a slight sinus on its outer

edge in subterminal interval, the termen beyond it and fringe pure yellow.

Malay Peninsula.

2. Ramadasa plumbeola spec. nov.

Forewing with basal half bluish grey speckled with black; the orange costal

edge broken by three wide black dashes ; the median line thick and black, outcurved

to three-quarters of inner margin, single, the usual outer arm being represented

only by a black triangle on costa; a fine blue line on the curved discocellular,

edged internally by a fine black line which curves downwards obliquely parallel to

outer line; this is velvety black and curved from costa to termen, with a slight

diffuse cloud inside its lower end, but with no horizontal black streak or line of

metallic scales ; the three black spots beyond cell large; the subterminal spots

larger; the spot on inner margin beyond outer line absent.——Hindwing blackish

fuscous with the fringe only yellow.

1 & from the Khasia Hills, Assam.

The smallest species of the genus. The veins and folds are all straight and

normal.

3. Ramadasa biarcuata spec. nov.

Forewing coloured as in pavo, but in the ¢ the basal area is more or less

invaded by pale olive-brown ; the median line is sinuous, not straight, and less

oblique, reaching inner margin at two-thirds, black edged by pale lilac, often

interrupted in midwing, single instead of double, the black outer arm only reaching

subcostal vein, where it runs outwards and forms the oblique lower arm of the

outer line, which runs obliquely from costa to fringe ; the purplish metallic scales

are restricted to a fine straight lustrous silvery line, reaching the red cloud, which

is here elongate and edged on its inner side by a black line with the black dots

below stronger; the lower edge of the outer line curves inwards along the disco-

cellular, which is followed by a long narrow crescentic stigma filled in with olive

and finely edged with silvery white ; the inner-marginal area is generally darkened

diffusely by a brownish cloud ; subterminal dark dots as in pavo.——Hindwing

yellow, rather paler in the d.

Dutch and British New Guinea. Type from the Upper Setekwa R., Dutch

S.E. New Guinea (A. 8. Meek).

* These descriptions were among the papers left by the late Mr. W. Warren. They have been com-

pared with the specimens in the Tring Museum in order to make sure whether Mr. Warren had selected

a specimen of each species or variety as type and labelled it as such. All the types have been found.—

EDITORS,

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIIT. 1916, 311

4. Ramadasa dissoluta spec. nov.

3. Forewing wholly dull pale brown, the basal half speckled with dark ; costa

in basal half orange with a single black dot at base and two subcostal dots beyond ;

median line hardly marked except at costa; outer line starting from an oblique

black costal triangle, curved obliquely to termen and filled up with blue-grey, its

lower arm curving round into the discocellular; the crescentic stigma filled in

with bluish scales edged by yellow; the narrow streak above vein 5 yellowish edged

with black, running into an elongate reddish mark which has no black edge, the

two dots below quite small; subterminal dots as in pavo ; fringe brown. Hind-

wing pale yellow.

283 from Vella Lavella, Solomon Islands (A. 8. Meek).

5. Negeta abbreviata spec. nov.

Resembles sublineata Walk., but the wings much shorter; the costal edge

yellowish ; the subcostal nervules not marked ; the oblique line from apex slightly

bent at vein 3, not curved, and ending farther from base of inner margin, edged

with white instead of yellow; subterminal line formed of grey spots in the intervals,

preceded by the same grey blotches as in sublineata ; no black terminal dots.

Hindwing fuscous.

Hainan.

6. Nertobriga olivaria spec. nov.

Forewing pale olive-brown; the lines deep olive fuscous, rising from costal

spots, all three (inner, outer, and subterminal) at first oblique outwards, then bluntly

bent and oblique inwards, generally becoming indistinct towards inner margin; the

space between outer and subterminal lines sprinkled with white scales, and the

terminal area with fine white lines to termen between the veins; a dark brown dot

at top and a white one at bottom of discocellular ; orbicular represented by a black

dot, not always present, in cell before inner line. Hindwing pale olive brown.

Sikkim.

7. Stictoptera signifera unipuncta subsp. nov.

The median line runs obliquely outwards, thickened and black, the space

beyond it before the outer line is fulvous, and the outer line is filled in with green

except at costa ; near the base of submedian fold is an elongate black spot.

1 2 from Bougainville.

8. Odontodes pallidifimbria spec. nov.

Forewing ochreous or greyish brown; a thick oblique black fascia from costa

to submedian fold before inner line, which is ochreous and double; terminal area

beyond outer line blackish, with a white spot on subterminal line between veins 5

and 6; inner margin bluish grey. ——Hindwing velvety black, with the fringe

yellow ochreous.

Penang, several specimens.

212 Novitates ZooLÖGICAE XXIII. 1916

9. Cacyparis brevipennis spec nov.

Like Ailaria, but the forewing broader and shorter ; the curved yellow band

broader in both sexes; its lower edge straighter and bent down to inner margin

before tornus,

New Guinea: Kapanr, Milne Bay (type), Humboldt Bay, Oetakwa River.

10. Cacyparis rectilineata spec. nov.

Nearest to brevipennis ; the line limiting the basal patch, which is olive-brown,

concisely straight from one-third of costa to beyond middle of inner margin; the

yellow area much broader and at termen running up nearly to apex ; the brown

subapical area mixed with some grey scales ; the boss of inner margin small; the

fringe pale, slightly lustrous, but without any lustrous scales at termen before it ;

hindwing deep yellow, with a slight grey subterminal cloud beyond cell.

Two specimens from Cedar Bay, Cooktown, Queensland (A. 8. Meek); 1 ?

from Mulgrave River, Cairns, February 1889 (Barnard).

11. Hyposcota aurata spec. nov.

Forewing olive grey-brown, with two faint dark spots in cell; costa golden

yellow to middle, the costal edge throughout ; the apex, tornal area, and termen

narrowly between veins 2 and 4, with the fringe, golden yellow. Hindwing

and fringe golden yellow.

Underside of forewing blacker, the costa towards base Bed with yellow ;

the yellow areas as on upper side in both wings, but in d hindwing with black

spot below cell.

Face brown; vertex orange ; tegulae orange laterally edged with olive fuscous,

with metallic boss in middle ; thorax grey ; metathoracie tufts yellow with dark

tips ; abdomen yellow.

A series from Hainan.

» 12. Gabala australiata spec. nov.

Smaller than argentata, and superficially most like polyspilalis, from which it

is separated at once by the absence of the fringes of hair on hindwing; but it is

also distinguished, along with the following species, by having a yellow triangular

spot on middle of costa instead of the oblong white patch of polyspilalis ; the outer

half of the wing beyond the basal patch is darker brown, especially along the basal,

costal, and terminal pale markings ; the black triangular marks less conspicuous,

and the area below them dappled with reddish white, which in the clearer examples —

takes the form of curved lines ; hindwing yellowish, with the termen reddish from

apex to vein 2,

266,222 from Cedar Bay, Cooktown, Queensland (Meek).

13. Gabala quadrinigrata spec. nov.

Resembles the preceding, but the whole of the outer two-thirds of forewing is

uniform dark snuff-coloured brown, with a faint reddish dot here and there ; the

basal area is followed on inner margin by an irregularly quadrate large black patch

touching the cell; the silvery white spots representing the subbasal and inner lines

NovrrAtes Zootodrcar XXIII. 1916. 313

are large, but the middle one of the three of the inner line is smaller and yellowish,

as in australiata, with which in all other respects it agrees.

1 3 from Little Kei Island (H. Kühn).

14. Gabala sanguinata spec. nov.

Forewing with basal area bright scarlet, containing numerous minute yellow

dots and striae ; the subbasal line a brown patch on costa with a carved line from it

to median vein ; the inner line represented by three small silvery white spots in

a straight line; the rest of wing dark snuff-brown along the basal and costal

markings, and narrowly along termen, the included quadrate space being dull

crimson dappled with dull yellow ; costa with a large yellow triangle at middle

and four shallow lunules before apex ; the whitish spots in the subapical blotch

reduced and narrow; the group before middle of termen represented by a single

white dot; fringe yellow, very slightly marked with brown at apex, tornus, and

vein 5. Hindwing whitish at base, yellow in outer half, with some crimson

scales along termen forming an undefined spot at the tail.

1 ¢ from Java.

15. Gabala flavimargo spec. nov.

Resembles the preceding species sanguinata in having the subbasal line

represented by a curved brown mark from costa ; the basal area is larger, formed of

yellow spots with fine red reticulations, the outer three being large, the middle one

yellowish and the two outer silvery white; the rest of the wing snuff-brown with

rows of reddish yellow spots separated by waved brown lines and veins ; a single

white dot before termen at vein 5; fringe yellow, marked with brown at apex,

tornus, and vein 5, the termen itself both above and below vein 5 being narrowly

and irregularly yellow also; hindwing pale yellow, whiter at base ; a reddish

cloud on termen at end of vein 2 below the tail.

134,12 from Dili, Timor, taken May 1892 by W. Doherty.

16. Gabala hilaris spec. nov.

Agrees with the last species in having the termen of forewing narrowly yellow,

as well as the fringe; but the ground-colour is much paler, being a mixture of

pale brown, yellow, and pink ; the basal area yellow, tinged and divided into spots

by orange-red, the outer spots also yellow, more or less confluent and bounded by

an orange-red line, followed on costa by the usual triangle and on inner margin by

an isolated small round yellow spot; the brown area bounding the basal and costal

markings is quite pale, followed by a broad area from inner margin to vein 6

of dull pink containing at top a small black dot; the termen itself is narrowly

purplish red-brown before the yellow, and is preceded by an orange-yellow space

traversed by orange-red lines ; before the termen at vein 5 are two silvery white

spots ; the white spots of the subapical group are oblong, separated by orange-red

scaling, and more or less confluent with the yellow costa: hindwing yellowish, with

the termen flushed with pale orange-red above vein 2.

2 dd from Tambora, Sambawa ; one, the type, from the low country, taken

in April or May 1896, the other, between 2500 and 4000 ft., in June 1896, by

W. Doherty.

914 NoVITATES Zoonogicar XXIII. 1916.

17. Gabala flavicosta spec. nov.

Forewing deep chocolate-brown, across which the course of the lines can be

discerned, obscurely marked by dull blackish spots, costal edge broadly deep yellow,

interrupted before and beyond middle by the brown ground ; terminal area narrowly

and the fringe deep yellow, uninterrupted at middle by a tooth of brown colour;

basal area below the yellow costa filled in with deep crimson mixed with irregular

whitish dots, containing on its outer edge between vein 1 and the cell-fold a large

somewhat diamond shaped silvery white blotch; below the subapical yellow area

and partially confluent with it are two round silvery white spots with a triangular

one between them, the outer one with a white dot below it, preceded by a fine

crimson line which runs past another silvery spot before the termen at vein 5.

Hindwing and fringe pale yellow.

Head, palpi, thorax, and patagia chocolate-brown ; tegulae red mixed with

yellow, containing a small yellowish spot on their inner edge and a large silvery

white one towards the outer; dorsum ochreons, with the middle line and basal

tufts brown; venter and legs white; the tibiae yellow. Underside of wings

yellowish, whitish basewards, the fringe deeper yellow; the dark area of forewing

showing through.

1 ? from the Kumnsi River, N.E. British New Guinea, low level, taken

in August 1907 by A. 8. Meek.

18. Chaudica meeki spec. nov.

?. Differs from guadripennis in being redder brown with the yellow markings

deeper; the lines more conspicuously red; the lobe at the end of veins 3, 4, 5 of

hindwing rounded, instead of forming an angle; in the ¢ the costa of hindwing

reaches hardly to the middle of the inner margin of forewing, and curves into the

termen gradually without forming an angle. The underside of hindwing wholly

white, with long curling hair along costa and rough curved hair in terminal half

down to submedian fold.

A series from near the Oetakwa River, Snow Mountains, Dutch New Guinea,

up to 3500 ft., taken from October to December 1910 (A. 8. Meek).

19. Chaudica schistipennis spec. nov.

3. Forewing brick-red, becoming purplish fuscous along the yellow costal

markings, and red-brown along the terminal ; the lines yellow. Hindwing deeply

cleft along the discal fold to end of cell; yellowish tinged with dull fulvous ;

on the underside the hairs of the upper lobe and at end of the cleft reddish, the

rest pale yellow.

A d, minus the head, taken by W. Doherty, in Celebes, type. Smaller than

the other species, with veins 3, 4, 5 of hindwing stalked, probably in both sexes ;

a 2 from Nias Island, at all events, exactly agreeing both in size and colour, has

all three stalked.

20. Chionomera peresa spec. nov.

Resembles pulchella in size and coloration, also in the markings, except that

the large white conical central area is divided into two small conical blotches; one

truncated from costa to median vein, the lower triangular on onter third of inner

margin, its apex near he lower outer angle of the blotch above.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 215

1 6 from East Pegu, March and April 1890 (W. Doherty). This may be an

abnormal specimen of pulchella.

21. Titulcia javensis spec. nov.

Forewing almost exactly like that of the d of argyroplaga both in d and ¢ ;

but the costa to inner line is fulvous brown; the yellow is tinged with olive ; the

large apical silvery subterminal patch is joined below middle by a silvery streak to

tornus, beyond which from vein 3 to tornus the termen and fringe is olive-yellow,

unchequered, and without black basal line. Hindwing olive-brown in both sexes.

13,1 2 from West Java.

22. Tyana magniplaga spec. nov.

3. Forewing dark green covered with minute paler striae; costal edge pale

brown ; basal patch flesh-colour edged with dark brown ; at one-third of costa

a large semi-elliptical flesh-coloured patch, thickly edged with red-brown; from

lower end of cell an inwardly oblique flesh-coloured bar, formed of two blotches,

the upper one large, stretching from discal to submedian fold, traversed by the base

of veins 2 and 3, broadly edged with red-brown, the lower below the submedian

fold an elongate oval; an interrupted irregular series of terminal flesh-coloured

spots edged with red-brown, those above and below vein 5 coalescing ; fringe pale

pink. Hindwing nearly pure white with the inner-marginal tuft slightly grey-

brown. Head, tegulae, patagia, and legs flesh-coloured ; the diamond-shaped centre

of thorax pale green; dorsum white suffused with fuscous grey; ? with the striae

and reticulations deep yellow; the costal edge broadly dark snuff-brown, which is

likewise the colour of the costal and subcellular blotches and of the terminal border

which resembles in contour that of callichlora 2, with the subterminal dots flesh-

colour instead of white, and the anal area as dark as the rest; all the brown

markings edged with yellowish; hindwing pure white. In another form of the d

all the flesh-coloured blotches are larger, much paler, and edged with rust-colour

instead of red-brown; the lower blotch of the series below cel] not separate, but

coalescent and forming part of one broad oblique blotch.

3 dd and 2 22, all from Sikkim, 2 of the Jo belonging to the aberration.

23. Tyana elongata spec. nov.

Forewing longer and narrower than in falcata, the costa arched from base to

apex, the costal streak white, without dark dusting; apex more produced, so that

the termen is more oblique and the anal angle decidedly obtuser ; fringe with basal

half pale, the outer half pinkish fawn-colour, the apex pink.

occiput and base of tegulae tinged with yellow.

Antennae uniform pale, not annulated with dark.

Sikkim ; a pair.

Hindwing white ;

24. Tyana marina spec. nov.

Forewing deep sea-green, becoming pale yellow-green along the extreme

termen ; the fringe yellow-green ; costal edge brown from base to apex; a dull

brown spot from lower angle of cell to submedian fold ; a white spot at base, and a

few brown scales on inner margin near base. Hindwing white; the tuft of hair

in the fold of hindwing pink.

1 & from Kina Balu, Borneo.

216 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

25. Earias brevipennis spec. nov.

Forewing yellow-green ; the fringe concolorous——Hindwing white, faintly

greenish along termen below apex.

Underside of forewing paler green, with a patch of purplish brown scales

along costa from base to middle; hindwing greener than above.

Head, thorax, and abdomen green ; palpi and forelegs purplish-brown.

1 6 from Batchian taken by W. Doherty in March 1892. Wings short and

broad ; the forewing strongly shouldered near base.

26. Earias rufipes spec. nov.

3. Forewing yellow-green, pinkish yellow at base of costa; fringe olive green

mixed with grey, the tips pale and shining ; a minute brown dot at end of cell.

Hindwing and fringe white, with a very faint greenish tinge at termen from apex

to middle. Underside of forewing quite pale green, of hindwing white tinged with

green towards apex.

Face and thorax pale green, dorsum greyish white ; antennae, sides of frons,

palpi, and forelegs bright scarlet ; the same size as pudicana Staud.

In the ? the palpi are much longer ; the fringe of forewing concolorous.

4 36,1 ¢ from Kei Island, taken by H. Kühn in 1897 and 1898.

27. Karias venusta spec. nov.

Differs from roseifera in the rosy suffusion being ampler, extending from near

base to the subterminal area along costa, which it touches, and reaching submedian.

fold in both sexes; fringe greenish, tinged with pinkish brown. Hindwing white,

with a faint greenish tinge. The underside of both wings pale yellowish green.

Palpi dark brown ; face either pale green, or green tinged with rosy, or wholly

rosy; thorax greenish ; abdomen grey.

1 & from Simla (type), and 2 $ ? and 1 d from the Khasia Hills.

28. Earias apicebrunnea spec. nov.

3. Forewing pale yellow green ; the costal edge from base to middle reddish ;

terminal area and inner margin deeper green ; inner and outer lines marked by

ferruginous brown spots on veins ; the inner strongly incurved in cell; a diffuse

reddish brown spot on discocellular, with a slight rusty suffusion to each line ;

subterminal line slightly darker green, obscure; fringe green, with a red-brown

blotch at apex of wing. Hindwing white, faintly green-tinged ; in the ? the

lines are often faint ; the space between them suffused with rosy, this colour some-

times extending to base along cell and reaching inner margin on one hand and

beyond outer line extending to apex ; the discal spot faint ; base of costa green;

fringe and hindwing as in d. Underside of both wings yellow-green ; base of costa

of forewing reddish in the d ; apex of forewing, as well as fringe, red-brown.

Palpi chocolate-brown ; face and thorax pale green, both tinged with rosy

in ?, only the face in d ; dorsum whitish tinged with grey.

236,35 22 from the Khasia Hills, Assam (type), and 1 ¢ from Sikkim.

29. Earias venusta spec. nov.

Forewing pale green ; the costa from base broadly rust-colour ; a diffuse rust-

coloured spot on discocellular; a small round green spot in cell; the lines darker

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 217

green ; a median bent in cell ; outer bent at veins 6 and 4 ; an obscure subterminal ;

termen deeper green; fringe violet-grey. Hindwing white, tinged with very pale

grey in d, darker in ? ; the termen towards apex faintly greenish; the veins

darker grey. Underside grey, darker in forewing than hindwing : both wings with

a yellow-green apical patch, stronger in the ¢.

Palpi and antennae purplish brown ; head and thorax pale green ; abdomen

white, the dorsum dark grey.

A pair from Momeit, Burma, June 1890 (W. Doherty). In shape and appear-

ance much resembling apicebrunnea Warr. from the Khasia Hills, but the fringe

is different, and the lines green in both sexes, the 2 without the rosy tinge. The

last two species may be distinguished from roseifera Btlr. by the longer wings

with pale green fringes.

Parerastria gen. nov.

Tongue well developed ; frons smooth; palpi upturned, the second segment

moderately scaled, the third short and smooth; antennae of ¢ serrate, pubescent ;

the basal segment enlarged, with a slight tuft; head and thorax roughly scaled ;

metathorax slightly crested; dorsum smooth. Forewing elongate triangular ;

the costa protuberant beyond middle; apex blunt; termen shallowly excised

between 7 and 4, which is somewhat prominent, then oblique; the tornus with a

strong tooth of scales ; inner margin sinuate, incurved before the scale tooth ; fore-

wing with veins 7, 8, 9 stalked, 10 and 11 free, from the cell ; 5 from just above 4

in both wings; in hindwing 3, 4 and 6, 7 from angles of cell.

Type: P. castaneata spec. nov.

30. Parerastria castaneata spec. nov.

Forewing chestnut brown; the costa at base and the terminal area narrowly,

white: inner line dark, oblique and straight from costa to submedian fold, then

inwardly oblique to near base of inner margin ; the costa spotted with brown before

the protuberance ; orbicular stigma a small annulus with brown outline; reniform

large, somewhat oblique, with dark outline and brown centre ; outer line oblique

outwards to vein 7, then slightly lunulate-dentate, vertical to 4, incurved to sub-

median fold and again outcurved, followed by another dark line, and a brown band,

of which the outer edge is lunulate-dentate; termen white, except at apex; a

terminal line of dark grey lunules ; fringe pale grey ; the tooth of scales whitish

with two black marks. Hindwing whitish at base, becoming grey towards

termen beyond a dark curved outer line.

Mackay, Queensland.

31. Chloroplaga pallida spec. nov.

Forewing greyish ochreous, thickly sprinkled with dark green scales ; a dark

green oblique costal patch at one-third connected with a curved green lunulate

patch in cell; a small green costal patch at two-thirds; from these patches an

inner vertically waved line and an outer sinuously curved line can be traced to inner

margin, where they approximate ; submarginal line starting from a green spot close

before apex, formed of green spots or Iunules between veins, indented on each fold

and outcurved between, preceded by a pale ochreous band ; fringe grey mottled

with dark. —— Hindwing in both sexes whitish towards base, straw yellow in outer

218 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

half, with a purple abbreviated outer and much-waved subterminal line; the

terminal border deep purple-brown: fringe yellow mottled with brown.

Gunong Ijau, Perak, 2000-3000 ft., March 1898 (Butler). Type: Penang,

Selangor. Both sexes are alike.

Homophlebia gen. nov.

Tongue present ; frons smooth ; palpi upcurved in front of face ; the second

segment thickly scaled, the third porrect, pointed; antennae of ¢ filiform, with

very fine short bristles; thorax and abdomen smoothly scaled, without crests ;

abdomen of 6 elongate. Forewing narrow, elongate, costa shouldered near

base, the apex prominent ; termen vertical or slightly incurved to vein 3, then

hooked and obliquely incurved. Hindwing with apex somewhat prominent ;

neuration as in Camptozada, a vein in each wing missing (? coincident).

Type: H. délinea Swinh. (as Clethara).

32. Homophlebia xanthosoma spec. nov.

Differs from dilinea Swinh. in the dorsum and whole hindwing being yellow;

the submarginal line and fringe above vein 2 grey ; in the forewing the two lines

are yellow, not white.

A single 2 from Sumbawa.

33. Gelastocera viridimacula spec. nov.

Forewing greyish ochreous speckled with black, and suffused with pale brown

or fuscous ; the basal area pale fulvous, containing a large green blotch at base

reachiug from costa to submedian fold, edged with white, and along costa under-

lined with red; inner line vertical, black inwardly edged with whitish, wavy and

dentate ; outer line black, irregularly crenulate, preceded by a brown median shade ;

subterminal line formed of black spots in the intervals; stigmata represented by a

small spot and a large black one; terminal line black with small dots on it; fringe

dark brown, but pale at anal angle. Hindwing dull whitish, faintly tinged with

rufous ; black terminal dots in upper half of wing.

Penang and Gunong ljau, Perak.

34. Mauritia pallidipennis spec. nov.

Forewing pale ochreous, sometimes with a faint reddish tinge ; the lines grey, .

placed as in cervina. Hindwing semihyaline pale luteous; like cervina, the

discocellular is sometimes marked with a blackish lunule.

This pale form occurs in Sikkim (type) and in the N.-Chin Hills, Burma.

30. Mauritia orthoscia spec. nov.

Forewing grey finely speckled with black ; the costa narrowly rusty ; the inner

and outer lines thick and straight, slightly oblique outwards and parallel to each

other ; the inner preceded and the outer followed by a similar but fainter line ;

subterminal line of minute black speckles; cell-spot black on the outer line.

Hindwing shining white, with a blackish border from apex to submedian fold

before the white fringe.

Angabunga R., British New Guinea, 6500 ft., November 1904—February 1905

(A. S. Meek).

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 219

Lasionotella gen. nov.

Tongue well developed; frons smooth; palpi upturned, the second segment

thickly scaled, roughened in front, the third short and smooth, porrect ; antennae of

3 pubescent ; abdomen of ¢ long, hirsute, especially the dorsum, with tufts of

hair; the anal tufts large; forewing with costa slightly arched at base, then

straight ; apex well-marked; termen curved ; the inner margin convex ; hindwing

with termen excised from vein 6 to 3, and from vein 1 to anal angle, the inner

margin very short; the cell area very broad, the space. below median contracted ;

a large foveal space on underside before termen between veins 5 and 3; the

termen projecting at the end of veins 6, 7 and 2, 3 ; in forewing vein 6 from upper

angle of cell; veins 7, 8 stalked, 9, 10 stalked, 9 anastomosing with 8; in

hindwing vein 5 curved shortly upwards, veins 4 and 3 long-stalked.

Type: L. exesa spec. nov.

36. Lasionotella exesa spec. nov.

Forewing chalk-grey, slightly speckled with black; base of costa and a

straight streak from one-third of costa to termen above anal angle green ; lines

dark, plain only at costa, more or less vertical and irregularly waved; the outer

bent outwards below subcostal vein, then curved between veins, and followed by

a dark diffuse cloud, paler in centre of wing; a slight flesh-coloured tinge in

median area below cell, especially at base of veins 3 and 4; cell-spot black ;

subterminal line broad and pale, clearest at costa, where it is preceded and followed

by three greenish black wedge-shaped spots with the veins across them pale ;

terminal area greyer; terminal spots brown; fringe whitish, slightly darker

chequered. Hindwing dull pink, paler and greyer basewards and along inner

margin ; fringe pinkish white.

Described from a single d from N. Borneo,

Hypaenistis gen. nov.

Tongue present ; frons smooth, with a projecting tuft of hairs ; palpi upturned,

strong, the third segment, short, porrect ; antennae of ¢ with tuberculate fascicles

of cilia, the basal segment swollen ; thorax and abdomen smooth; the abdomen

very long and slender, with the anal tufts largely developed; forewing with

areole, veins 8 and 9 anastomosing ; hindwing with vein 5 absent, ? coincident

with 4.

Type: A. purpurea spec. nov.

37. Hypaenistis purpurea spec. nov.

Forewing dull olive with very obscure markings; the basal area and the

terminal area darker; a bent broad median shade; two dull green, paler-edged

spots on discocellular, conversely pear-shaped, the lower the larger ; subterminal

line lunulate-dentate, indistinct; fringe dark olive with minute white dots at

base. Hindwing deep vinous red, the costa pinker; termen and inner margin

dark olive.

Vertex of head and tegulae white.

Choiseul Island, Solomons, January 1904 (A. 8. Meek).

220 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

38. Pterogonia cassidata spec. nov.

do. Forewing lilac-grey along inner margin and towards apex above vein 2,

the rest of the wing suffused with red-brown and shagreened by pale and dark

transverse striae ; the lines pale outwardly edged with reddish ; the inner oblique

to median vein, then vertical to vein 1, then again oblique; the outer shortly

angled outwards at veins S and 4, and inwards on both folds; two or three

subterminal black spots ; the spot on discocellular as in episcopalis Swinh., but

more rounded inwardly, edged with dark brown, with no black spot below lower end.

One ¢ from Coorg, Mercara.

In this species the median vein and vein 1 are only a distorted’ veins

6 and 7 slanting downwards to termen. In episcopalis veins 2 to 7 are all Gremilke

distorted, the submedian fold being strongly marked beneath.

39. Westermannia equina spec. nov.

Smaller than columbina Warr. (1914). The forewing paler grey; the dark

spot in cell minute or absent ; the median prolongation of the dark terminal shade

reaching below vein 1 and bluntly rounded, its inner edge more vertically curved ;

the reniform stigma narrower, with a black spot above it and a white (or yellow)

one below it; the figuration, roughly speaking, resembling the head of a horse.

Little Kei.

40. Westermannia interrupta spec. nov.

Forewing greyish brown, growing paler towards costa and termen ; costal edge

pale ; inner margin from base of cell to three-quarters cream-colour, indented and

often quite interrupted at a little before middle by the brown ground-colour ; lines

very obscure; the outer rather darker, outcurved and more or less parallel to

termen; subterminal more indistinct ; reniform stigma marked by a black dot at

upper end and a white one at lower end of discocellular; fringe brown.

Hindwing whitish washed with fuscous grey, diffusely darker along termen ; the

veins dark.

The ? is decidedly darker in both wings.

Solomons, from various islands, type from Florida, all collected by A. S. Meek.

41. Tympanistis rufimacula spec. nov.

Forewing grey, dusted with greenish grey, without the transverse strigulae ;

lines greenish grey, more concise; the inner bent outwards towards inner margin,

the outer incurved below middle, approaching inner line on inner margin, followed

by a feebler grey line; subterminal line formed of slightly connected spots,

indented on each fold; cell-spot red; the inner margin at base, the basal half

of submedian fold and a patch along vein 3 to subterminal line red. Hindwing

red, with costa pale ochreous.

Khasia Hills, Assam. Much smaller than testacea Moore ; the scaling normal.

42. Dabareta tumidistigma spec. nov.

Distinguished from chlorostigma by the stigmata being dark green edged

with whitish and much larger, especially the claviform, which sometimes extends

below vein 1 and above coalesces with the orbicular.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII, 1916. 221

Khasia Hills, Assam (type); Sikkim, Manipur, Burma. In the Sikkim specimen,

a ?,in the British Museum collection (teste Hampson), the veins 3, 4 of hindwing

are well stalked; in the four specimens in Tring Museum this is also the case in the

3 dd from the Khasias ; in the ? from Manipur the stalking is not perceptible.

43. Didigua chalybea spec. nov.

Forewing dull lilac-grey ; the lines and shadings rasty green; inner line

indented below middle, excurved above and below, followed on inner margin by

an oblong rusty brown patch ; cell-spot linear, rusty brown; outer line waved,

oblique, indented on each fold, followed by an indistinct shade of brown ; subterminal

line formed of dark spots below costa, that below 7 near termen, then by a fine

lunulate-dentate brown line; some fine dark terminal lunules; fringe grey with

white line at base. Hindwing purple black, with a steely lustre; fringe grey

with white line at base; underside of forewing black-green with a steely gloss,

the margins lilac-grey.

1 & from Penungah, Borneo.

44. Didigua immemor spec. nov.

Smaller and greyer than virzdipieta, with the markings much the same, but

the green coloration almost obsolete ; the slight amount left being overpowered by

the grey suffusion ; an oblong black blotch from the discal spot to outer line,

absent in one specimen ; the apex dark grey; hindwing grey.

From the Khasias.

45, Didigua mixticolor spec. nov.

Forewing pale whitish ochreous, dusted with rufous and olive scales ; the base

with slight green suffusion ; inner line marked by a green spot on costa, oblique

outwards, strongly indented on submedian fold, rufous below middle; outer line

pale, preceded by a dark greenish fuscous round blotch at end of cell and by a green

line from costa, and below the cell by bright scarlet scales; edged outwardly by

a somewhat deeper suffusion of green and rust-coloured scales; discal spot bright

scarlet on the inner edge of the dark blotch ; submarginal line pale, waved,

indented on each fold, preceded and followed by green and reddish speckling, the

green forming small spots ; some grey-green linear streaks in the intervals from

subterminal line to termen; fringe white rayed with rust-colour beyond veins.

Hindwing luteous, becoming brick-red towards apex and termen ; the inner margin

grey ; fringe rufous spotted with brown and tipped with white.

1 ? from Penang (type), and 1 d with the markings plainer, without locality.

46. Aiteta deminutiva spec. nov.

?. Forewing fawn-grey, speckled with black ; the costal edge finely ochreous ;

lines ferruginous, ill-marked ; inner oblique from one-fourth of costa to middle of

inner margin, indented on submedian fold; outer from middle of costa obliquely

curved to before tornus; traces of a subterminal line formed of spots near costa ;

fringe in basal half mottled brown and black ; in apical half pale.- Hindwing

uniform grey ; the fringe whitish, with a blackish line near base.

Underside of forewing dark grey ; the costa ochreous, the apex pale grey

beneath a black costal spot ; fringe ochreous between veins 2 and 4; hindwing white.

222 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

Palpi, pectus, legs, and lower half of face whitish ; head, thorax, and abdomen

fawn-grey.

Quite the smallest species of the genus, expanding only 13 mm.

Vella Lavella, Solomon Islands, February—March 1908 (A. S. Meek), 2? ¢.

47. Aiteta albignesia spec. nov.

Smaller than aldicosta (Beth.-Bak.), the ground-colour brown instead of grey,

dusted with darker, and with the inner margin suffused with dark fuscous brown ;

hindwing white, the apical area fuscous grey, and the veins darker.

British New Guinea : Angabunga River (A. S. Meek).

48. Hylophilodes parallela spec. nov.

Forewing with the same silky ground-colour as in orientalis, but the median

area always paler than the basal and terminal; the costal edge yellow-brown

throughout; inner line as in orientalis, but generally slightly curved, concave

outwards; a slight green cell-mark ; outer line parallel to inner, from just beyond

middle of inner margin to two-thirds of costa; subterminal line as in orientalis,

but fainter, without white edging ; fringe olive-yellow, with some red scales at apex

of wing. Hindwing and fringe pure white.

Underside pearly white; costa of forewing dusted with purplish; fringe at

apex reddish, with three black dots.

Face and tegulae deep green; lower part of face and base of tegulae purplish ;

patagia whitish green ; abdomen white, with yellow-green hairs at base in the ?;

pectus and venter white ; legs and palpi pinkish grey, tinged with brown.

16,12 from the Khasia Hills, Assam.

49. Paracrama latimargo spec. nov.

Differs from dulcissima Wlk. in the terminal border of forewing beyond sub-

terminal line being broader; the hindwing white for two-thirds, then with a rosy

border with diffuse inner edge ; the lines of forewing are yellow, instead of pale

green.

Ninay Valley, Central Arfak Mts. (type), also from British New Guinea.

50. Paracrama angustimargo spec. nov.

Differs from duleissima in the terminal border of forewing beyond subterminal

line being narrower ; the sinus touching the termen ; the hindwing less suffused

with rosy.

Ceylon; Belgaum, S. India.

51. Carea confinis spec. nov.

Forewing bright rufous with dark irroration, denser, and forming shades in

the ?; the costal edge red; inner line oblique, bent outwards shortly along median

vein ; outer twice excurved, indented on the folds; subterminal waved and angled ;

a diffuse dark shade oblique from towards bottom of inner line to top of outer in

the 2 only ; cell-spot black ; in the 2 a dark shade before inner line and beyond

the outer; fringe brownish red. Hindwing white in basal half, orange-red in

terminal, pale olive-grey along inner margin.

Khasia Hills, Assam.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916, 223

52. Carea cervina spec. nov.

Forew®ng fawn-colour, with darker irroration ; the costal edge ochreous ; lines

very indistinct, darker grey; the inner, apparently, outcurved above and below the

median vein; the outer scarcely visible ; cell-spot black above a slight dark clond ;

subterminal line angled and dentate ; fringe dark grey; apex slightly produced ;

the termen slightly sinuous. Hindwing dull reddish, the costa pale towards

base, the inner margin grey below median.

Burma. Described from a single @.

53. Carea minima spec. nov.

Forewing rufous, densely sprinkled with purplish-red scales, more or less

obscuring the markings ; the two lines dark, oblique and parallel; cell-spot small

and black; subterminal diffuse and obscure; costal edge reddish. Hindwing

whitish towards base, orange in terminal area ; the inner margin tinged with grey

ind.

Quite a small species.

Penang.

54. Carea sabulosa spec. nov.

Forewing rufous brown, thickly sprinkled with darker scales; the costal edge

finely white ; lines very obscure, purplish brown; the inner slightly oblique out-

wards, faintly waved; the outer inbent on both folds; subterminal line lunulate

dentate ; the veins towards termen a little lighter than the ground-colour; a dark

cell-spot ; fringe concolorous, the tips beyond veins 2, 3, and 4 white-dotted.

Hindwing orange red above median vein and vein 2, below them olive-grey.

Sikkim and Assam.

55. Carea curtisi spec. nov.

Resembles sabulosa, but smaller and darker, more suffused with purplish ; the

inner line straight and oblique, not wavy; the orange of hindwing redder.

Penang (C. Curtis).

56. Carea simplicilinea spec. nov.

Smaller than fava Beth.-Bak., with which it agrees in the main; but the

black costal marks are almost obsolete near base, and the outer line runs straight

from costa at four-tifths, or with a slight curve, to anal angle; the terminal area

is narrower, the termen being less bulged; hindwing white at base and along

inner margin, tinged with orange fulvous in outer half from apex to vein 1;

the fringe dark.

Oetakwa River, Snow Mts., Dutch N. Guinea, up to 3000 ft. (A. S. Meek).

57. Carea verticata spec. nov.

Forewing fawn-colour, dusted with olive fuscous, and with a slight rufous

tinge ; lines olive, thick, vertical ; inner slightly incurved, preceded by a whitish

line and followed by olive suffusion ; outer straight, slightly divergent, also pre-

ceded by a white line and with olive suffusion beyond it ; subterminal line waved ;

a black cell-spot. Hindwing dark olive fuscous.

A single d from Gunong Ijau, Perak.

224 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

58. Carea trilineata spec. nov.

Forewing dull brownish fulvous, speckled with black; lines blackish ; inner

and outer nearly vertical on each side of the black cell-spot, the outer slightly bent

below costa; submarginal line thicker, dentate, somewhat interrupted between

4 and 6; a diffuse dark cloud oblique from bottom of inner line to end of cell;

fringe dark brown, marked with two white lunules at anal angle; in the $ with

short white dashes at end of veins. Hindwing orange reddish, paler towards

base and costa, olive-grey along inner margin.

Khasia Hills, Assam.

59. Carea diluta spec. nov.

Closely resembles Zrilineata, but is larger, more fulvous, and clouded with dark

shades ; hindwing paler, suffused all over with pale orange, the inner margin hardly

grey. Underside of both wings pale ochreous, tinged with rufous along costa and

termen, without dark speckling or white scales at apex of forewing; the disc of

forewing not orange-red.

Thorax and patagia brighter fulvous.

Malay Peninsula: Rukit Putus (type), Gunong Jjau.

60. Carea undicostata spec. nov.

Forewing leaden grey, suffused from base to outer line with purple brown ;

lines darker, placed much as in varipes ; before the outer line in the costal half of

wing is a deep fulvous-brown cloud, narrowing downwards; an indistinct wavy dark

subterminal shade; a dark spot at end of cell; fringe dark brown. Hindwing

dull orange-red ; the inner margin and base olive-grey.

Underside of forewing brick-red, the costa and apex purplish grey; of hind-

wing ochreous, with quite the onter apical half purplish grey speckled with black.

Head and thorax purple-brown; abdomen dorsally olive-fuscous, like inner

margin of hindwings; venter, especially towards anus, bright red.

Superficially much resembles the d of tumida, but the apex of the forewing is

bluntly but prominently produced.

1 ? from Kina Balu, North Borneo.

61. Carea triguttata spec. nov.

Forewing lilac-grey, sometimes with a slight brownish tinge, especially beyond

inner line towards inner margin; markings deep green; a triangular spot on costa

near base; a drop-shaped blotch before one-third, from the apex of which the

inner line runs oblique and straight to inner margin, very often obsolete ; a large

truncate blotch before apex from the middle of which the dark outer line runs

vertical to inner margin, marked by darker dots on veins; this blotch is followed

by a short white costal streak, the extreme costal edge being also white ; a black

spot at end of cell; fringe more or less brownish green, except at anal angle, where

it is white. Hindwing wholly deep brick-red.

Dutch New Guinea: Ninay Valley, Central Arfak Mts. Larger than costiplaga.

62. Carea nicobarensis spec. nov.

6. Forewing violaceous pink, the shading olive-fulvous ; inner line distinct, pur-

plish edged outwardly with fulvous red; a short subbasal purplish line ; outer line

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 225

double, purplish, the exterior arm very thin, starting from costa nearer apex than

in Zumida, preceded by a bright fulvous shading; subterminal line not marked ;

termen fulvous, with the fringe darker ; the cell-dots minute. Hindwing uniform

brick-red, the inner margin slightly paler.

Agreeing in shape of forewing with tuwméda, but smaller and differently

coloured.

Nicobar Islands.

63. Carea commixta spec. noy.

Forewing lilac-grey, speckled throughout with olive-green scales, except just.

before the inner and outer lines and the fringe; lines thick, deep olive-green, the

inner somewhat outwards curved towards inner margin, the outer straight and

oblique; two faint green spots in the cell rather close together ; beyond the outer

line there is a large diffuse olive-green costal blotch, the area below it slightly

washed with pale violet ; fringe deep olive-green, becoming white below vein 2.

Hindwing brick-red with an orange tinge, the inner margin broadly olive-fuscous ;

fringe red, white at anal angle.

Underside of forewing brick-red, the costa pinkish grey with darker speckling,

the termen dusted with black towards apex; hindwing pinkish ochreous, dusted

with dark scales along costa and apical third, where the fringe is red.

Head and tegulae dark olive-green; patagia and thorax grey ; abdomen grey

ringed with green ; the anal segment, venter, and hindtarsi ferruginous red,

12 from near the Oetakwa River, Snow Mts., Dutch New Guinea, up to

3500 ft., October—December 1910 (A. S. Meek).

64. Carea calva spec. nov.

Forewing pale brick-red or reddish ochreous ; the inner and outer lines very

faintly darker, the former at one-third straight and oblique, the latter at two-thirds

slightly excurved from costa, then vertical ; fringe purplish with a fine black line

through it, white at anal angle; a slight dark cell-spot sometimes visible.

Hindwing clear pale brick-red, paler towards base.

Underside brick-red, both wings speckled with purplish towards apex ; fringe

of forewing purple.

Palpi purple-brown ; head, thorax, and abdomen like wings; nearest to

unipunctata Beth.-Baker from New Guinea,

Malacca : Gunong Jjau (type) and Selangor.

65. Carea infundibulata spec. nov.

Forewing pale chestnut-brown with a slight violet sheen ; the costal edge, the

inner and outer lines, and a funnel-shaped shade along this last from costa yellowish

olive-brown ; cell-spot distinct, black; extreme termen red-brown; fringe dark

brown, with a line of black scales at the tips below middle——AHindwing pale

ochreous yellow, deeper yellow along termen.

A single $ from Penang, Malay Peninsula. Smaller and darker than catva.

66. Carea consimilis spec. nov.

Forewing glossy violet-grey tinged with rufous; the inner and outer lines

olive-brown, oblique and parallel, the outer slightly bent on vein 6; the inner

226 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916,

preceded by an olive cloud on inner margin, the outer followed by a similar tinge as

far as subterminal line, beyond which the termen is paler; fringe metallic grey-

brown; cell-spot small, black. Hindwing whitish in basal area, tinged with

orange-red terminally, the inner margin in & slightly grey-tinged.

Ramboekers, Tondano, Celebes.

67. Careades saturata spec. nov.

3. Forewing violet-grey washed with rufous, with very fine black speckling,

especially towards apex; inner line olive, oblique with a slight indentation in cell

to median vein, then curved and vertical, preceded by a faintly lustrous line ; outer

line blackish, shortly excurved below costa, otherwise straight and oblique from

middle of costa to tornus, preceded by a fulvous band which thins out to a point,

and followed by a faintly lustrous line edged by a darker one ; an irregular dark

subterminal line; two dark spots in cell, often very faint. Hindwing deep

coppery red, the inner margin broadly fuscous.

? with a bright plum-coloured suffusion; a diffused red patch at base of

inner margin (present also but less conspicuous in the &) ; the lines redder; the

inner oblique, the outer incurved below costa.

Another form of the d has the ground-colour lustrous lilac-grey, with olive-

green suffusion, aud no rufous tints whatever.

All three examples from the Oetakwa River, Dutch New Guinea (A. S. Meek),

68. Careades collineata spec. nov.

Forewing pinkish fawn-colour, flushed with olive, and with a pale lustrous

sheen in places, dusted finely throughout with dark; costa pale at base; lines deep

olive, parallel; the inner, from one-fourth of costa to near middle of inner margin,

oblique and slightly curved; the outer, from middle of costa to tornus, dark olive,

followed by a lustrous line ; subterminal line lustrous pinkish, preceded by a dark

olive crenulate line from 6 to tornus; a large olive-green costal patch from

before outer line to subterminal; a faint dark cell-spot. Hindwing orange-red ;

fringe red to 2, then whitish ; of inner margin reddish with the tips white.

A single d from Bougainville, Solomon Islands (A. S. Meek).

69. Careades dissocia spec. nov.

3. Forewing like fulva, but more uniformly olive-green ; the costa marked

with silvery only at the rise of the two lines; two slight dark spots in cell.

Hindwing wholly bright deep red; the red fringes of the legs enormous. ? quite

different, fawn-grey with costal edge reddish; inner line dark oblique and slightly

curved to middle of inner margin ; outer line at two-thirds, slightly bent on sub-

costal, then vertical, separated by a pale line from a dark greyish-olive band, the

irregular outer edge of which is followed by a broadly paler space before the darker

olive shade along the termen; two dark spots in cell; hindwing bright orange-red ;

the fringes paler.

Hilanden River, S.E. Dutch New Guinea (type), also from Mt. Goliath, and

Ninay Valley, Arfak Mts.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 997

70. Careades plana spec. nov.

?. Fawn-colour washed with rufous as far as outer line, and finely dusted with

black atoms; inner line represented only by a double patch of black scales at

one-third of inner margin; outer line double, reddish, indistinct, vertical but

slightly concave outwards, from one-fourth of costa to one-fourth of inner margin,

like the inner line marked with black scales on inner margin ; two slight dark

spots in cell; a faint reddish tinge along termen; fringe concolorons, tipped with

white at tornus; hindwing orange-red in terminal half, much paler basewards ;

fringe red from apex to vein 2, then white ; inner margin slightly olive-grey, the

fringe white.

A single $ from Cedar Bay, Cooktown, N. Queensland.

71. Careades neglecta spec. nov.

3. Forewing pinkish or greyish fawn-colour, with olive-brown suffusion in

basal area, along inner margin, and beyond outer line; a reddish blotch on inner

margin near base, not always visible; markings much as in sub;ubra, but less

heavy. Hindwing coppery red, with the inner margin blackish fuscous ; 2 suf-

fused with bright fulvous; the inner line obliquely curved to near middle of inner

margin, the outer double, bent below costa, then incurved and vertical ; subterminal

line blacker and more complete than usual, interrupted only in the middle; a rufous

patch on inner margin near base; some blackish scaling on inner margin at end of

the lines. |

Oetakwa River, S.E. Dutch New Guinea, up to 3000 ft., October— December

1910 (A. S. Meek), type; Ninay Valley, Central Arfak Mts., 3500 ft., November

1908— January 1909.

72. Careades approximata spec. nov.

Forewing purplish plum-colour ; the lines fulvous; a fulvous patch on inner

margin near base; inner line widely outcurved from quite one-third of costa to

middle of inner margin; indistinctly double; outer line double ; the inner arm

oblique and diffuse from middle of costa to vein 8, then right-angled and slightly

oblique outwards; the outer arm straight; in the right wing the line is indented on

the cell-fold ; subterminal line well expressed. Hindwing more orange-red than

coppery.

A single ? from the Upper Setekwa River, S.E. Dutch New Guinea, September

1910 (A. S. Meek). It may be distinguished by the much narrower breadth of the

median area between inner and outer lines.

228 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

SOME NEW PALAEARCTIC NOCTUIDAE IN THE

TRING MUSEUM.*

By THe LATE W. WARREN, M.A.

1. Oederemia marmorata spec. nov.

Forewing of 3 bluish white in basal area, along costa to outer line, and in

the three stigmata; costa marked with black spots at origin of lines; a black spot

at base of costa; a subbasal black costal striga, and two near base of submedian

interval ; inner line black, double ; the inner arm broken up into a small blotch on

costa, a spot above median vein, and a fine line angled outwards on submedian

fold and inwards on vein 1; the outer arm irregularly dentate ; claviform stigma

a white lunule, touching the lower tooth of inner line; orbicular round, confluent

with a long oval lying below median vein; reniform a large lunule; all three

stigmata outlined in black; the median area round them suffused with pale olive

brown ; outer line double, lunulate-dentate, filled up with bluish white, the outer

arm obscure, but followed by irregular dark blotches; terminal area bluish grey,

with an indistinct pale subterminal line and a brownish blotch on termen beyond

cell ; a row of fine black terminal lunules; fringe white mottled with dark.

Hindwing pale grey with dark terminal line; fringe pale slightly mottled with

dark. ? with all the brown and black shadings intenser; the long oval white

blotch beneath the orbicular stigma quadrate along median vein, produced below to

an angle touching outer line at vein 2, the claviform also angled and confluent with

it; the terminal area bluer.

Dorsum whitish in 3, dark grey in ?.

Kuku Nor, Tibet, June.

2. Euplexia albiclausa spec. nov.

Closely resembling /.chrysochlora Hmps., from India, but sufficiently distinct ;

the green of the ground-colour is greyer, less yellow ; the reniform stigma is filled

in with dark olive instead of pale green and whitish scales; it is constricted at

middle, and edged on both sides with white, whereas in the Indian species the

outer edge is not white, and the white inner edge forms an isolated lunule,

separated by a narrow deep olive space from the reniform proper; the terminal

area is much powdered with white scales, which at the apex form a blotch ; in other

respects it agrees with chrysochlora.

1 & from Wa-ssu-kow, 5000 ft., taken by a native collector in July 1890, and

1 2 from Ta-Chien-lu, 8300 ft., taken by Pratt, July—August 1890.

3. Cortyta sabulifera spec. nov.

Forewing sandy grey, slightly tinged with brownish in basal half; the basal

area and costal portion of median area darker grey ; lines very indistinct, double,

filled in with pale; inner line bluntly angled on submedian fold; the outer

marked with black only beyond cell, and much less indented than in fasciolata, not

bent inwards to below the reniform stigma and forming a small outward tooth on

vein 2, but gradually incurved and insinuate across submedian fold, reaching inner

margin nearer anal angle, the median space being consequently broader ; reniform

* See footnote, p. 210.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916, 999

stigma obsolete ; subterminal line paler, more sharply inbent below the angle at

vein 7, making that angle and the one below 4 appear more prominent.

Hindwing paler, with the lines less marked; underside pale, without markings or

dusting, except a dark apical shade.

Head, thorax, and abdomen pale greyish ochreous, the patagia darker, like

basal area of forewing.

Described from a single ? from Nakheila, R. Atbara, Lower Egypt, taken by

Mr. N. C. Rothschild in February 1904, along with a long series of C. fasciolata,

among which it was overlooked. In breadth of median area and shape of lines it

agrees with C. dispar Püng. from Syria, but in coloration it is quite different.

ON THE FORMS OF RHODINOCICHLA ROSEA.

By ERNST HARTERT

EVERAL subspecies of Rhodinocichla rosea have recently been separated, but

the Venezuelan form has always been united with the one from Colombia.

This is not correct, as the former is considerably paler, more greyish on the upper-

side, and smaller, the rufous of the throat and breast of the female lighter. In fact

the Venezuelan form is in the coloration of the upperside like Rk. rosea schistacea,

from Western Mexico, but it is smaller and the throat and breast are considerably

paler. The wings of our Venezuelan specimens measure, in the male, 81-84, ?

77-84, those of Colombian (Bogota), males 89-93, ? 83, while males of Rh. rosea

schistacea have wings of 87-91, females 85-89 mm.

Rhodinocichla rosea was first described as Furnarius roseus by Lesson, Illustr.

Zool. pl. 5 and text (1832-43—“ San Jose, Brazil”). Lafresnaye, in his critical

notes on types in the Paris Museum (fev. Zool. vill. 1845, p. 10) showed that the

type did not come from Brazil, but from Colombia. In 1849 Hartlaub described

a female from Caracas, Venezuela, collected by M. A. Rojas, in the Hamburg

Museum, as “ Turdus vulpinus” (Rev. Zool. 1849, p. 276). Not only does the

name clearly refer to a Venezuelan bird, but the description of the upper surface as

“ olivaceo-cinerascentibus ” absolutely fits the Venezuelan race, while the back of

the Colombian race would be described as ‘ nigro-schistaceus.” Therefore the

name vulpinus must be accepted for the Venezuelan Rose-breasted Mocking Thrush.

The species would, so far, be separable into the following subspecies :

Rhodinocichla rosea rosea (Less.) : Colombia.

Rh. rosea eximia Ridgw.: Panama to Costa Rica.

Rh. rosea vulpina (Hartl.): Venezuela (Caracas ; from Caripé, San Esteban,

Tucuyo, and Ejido, collected by Mocquerys, in the Tring Museum).

Rh. rosea schistacea Ridgw.: Western Mexico.

There is, of course, no reason why schistacea should be treated as a species and

named binomially, as Mr. Ridgway (BD. North and Middle America, ii. p. 772)

has done. Rh. rosea vulpina is quite as different from Rh. rosea rosea as is

schistacea, and all the known forms agreeing in their main features, differing only

slightly in tint of coloration and size, and representing each other in their distribu-

tion, the only reasonable treatment is to name them trinomially, as above.

230 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES OF THE FAMILY

ARCTIADAE IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM.

By Sm GEORGE F. HAMPSON, Barr, F.Z.S., ere.

PAR the Supplementary Volume II. of the Catalogue of Moths in the British

Museum will not be published for some time, owing to the war, it is

advisable to give the following description of the new species which would have

been included in it. The numbers refer to the position of the species in the

classification adopted, and the references to the plates are to the unpublished plates

of the volume.

1199 a. Robinsonia catasticta n. sp. (Lep. Phal., Pl. 42. f. 17)

3. Head and thorax white, the back of head yellow, the tegulae and patagia

at edges and the dorsum of thorax with fulvous-brown streaks ; antennae black ;

palpi with some yellow at base, the second and third joints with brown bands ;

pectus with some yellow in front; legs streaked with brown; abdomen orange

with dorsal series of white points, the ventral surface white. Forewing fulvous

brown ; a yellowish streak below the costa from near base to beyond middle; an

oblique quadrate white patch in and below middle of cell; a white patch at base

of inner margin and white streaks above and below middle of vein 1; an oblique

quadrate white patch beyond the cell; a subapical white patch with bidentate outer

edge ; a subterminal white point on vein 5, spot on vein 4, elongate spot on vein 2

with small spot below its extremity, elongate spot in submedian interspace and

streak on terminal part of inner margin. Hindwing pure white. Underside of

forewing white, with the costal edge brown and some brown on costa and termen

towards apex.

Hab. Peru, Yahuarmayo, 1d type. Exp. 34 mill.

1227 g. Azatrephes argyrotis n. sp. (Lep. Phal., Pl. 45. f. 1)

Head, thorax and abdomen silvery white; the palpi, upper part of frons,

antennae, except basal joint, back of head, tips of tegulae, outer edge of patagia,

and a patch on metathorax pale brownish red ; forelegs tinged with red, the tibiae

and tarsi banded with red-brown. Forewing silvery white, the basal and inner

areas striated with silver and pale brownish red; the costa red-brown, expanding

into two small triangular marks on basal area; an oblique red-brown fascia from

costa before middle, where it expands into a triangular patch, to termen at sub-

median fold, a large semihyaline patch beyond it extending from below the costa

to vein 2 and to the subterminal line with a double postmedial series of red-brown

points on the veins; subterminal line red-brown, curved and waved, ending at the

oblique fascia; the veins of terminal area slightly streaked with red-brown ; a

red-brown bar before the termen between veins 5 and 4; cilia red-brown, whitish

at tips. Hindwing silvery white. Underside silvery white, except the semi-

hyaline patch of forewing.

Hab. Peru, Yahuarmayo, 1d, 1? type. Exp., d 32, ? 38 mill.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916, 231

2018/4. Paranerita orbifer n. sp. (Lep. Phal., Pl. 45. f. 3)

?. Head yellow; antennae red-brown except at base; frons red-brown with

white bar below ; palpi yellow, crimson at tips; thorax red-brown; pectus and

legs yellow, the fore tibiae and femora tinged with crimson in front ; abdomen

crimson, the extremity and ventral surface yellowish white. Forewing with the

basal and inner areas purplish red-brown, extending on costa to before middle,

where there is some scarlet beyond it, then obliquely curved and sinuous to termen

above tornus ; the rest of wing pale yellow, with a large round purplish red-brown

subapical patch from below costa to below vein 5, some scarlet above it on costa.

Hindwing yellow, the terminal area purplish red-brown from vein 3 to tornus.

Underside of forewing with the subapical patch extending to costa; hindwing

wholly yellow.

Hab. Colombia, Choko Prov., Condofo (Spurrell), 1 ? type. Exp. 28 mill.

1544 f. Neritos discophora n. sp. (Lep. Phal., Pl. 45. f. 9)

Hindwing of male with the costa lobed to about three-fourths of wing ; fore-

wing with veins 10-11 stalked, an elongate fovea below the cell; antennae

pectinate.

Head, tegulae and shoulders orange, the antennae, except at base, and

thorax grey-brown; palpi black at tips; abdomen orange, the ventral surface

ochreous-yellow. Forewing pale grey-brown, the veins streaked with fuscous

brown; a rather oblique elliptical white patch beyond the cell between veins 6

and 3. Hindwing grey-brown with a rather ill-defined white patch in, below and

beyond end of cell, the inner area whitish in male. Underside of forewing darker

grey-brown, except the white patch; hindwing with the basal and inner areas

white.

Hab. Peru, Carabaya, R. Huacamayo, La Union (Ockenden), 2 do, 1 ? type.

Exp. 40 mill.

1255e. Automolis monostidza n. sp. (Lep. Phal., Pl. 46. f. 2)

9. Head and thorax white with some yellow and crimson scales especially on

thorax, the tips of tegulae, upper edge of patagia at middle and outer edge towards

extremity crimson ; the mesothorax with pair of small black spots; antennae

fuscous brown except at base; frons with brown bar above; palpi grey-brown

except basal joint, the second joint black above; pectus white, crimson in front

and below the wings; legs grey-brown in front, the tibiae black at extremities, the

fore coxae with crimson patches; abdomen crimson with white segmental lines, the

extremity and ventral surface white. Forewing yellow-buff, the basal and costal

areas and inner margin white ; some crimson at base of inner margin; the inter-

spaces of basal area with grey-black streaks, reduced to subbasal spots above and

below vein 1 and the two streaks in the cell longer; an incurved medial band

formed by grey-black streaks below costa, bars on each side of the discocellulars

and patches below the cell divided by white streaks on the veins, the band produced

at costa and defined on each side by white below the cell; a small rather elongate

grey-black subterminal spot defined on inner side by white above vein 5; the

termen and cilia white. Hindwing white with a streak of crimson suffusion in

submedian interspace. Underside white ; forewing with the band showing faintly

232 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916,

and with slight blackish marks on each side of the discocellulars, the subterminal

spot black.

Hab. Peru, Yahuarmayo, 1 ? type. Exp. 42 mill.

1344a. Hyperthaema perflammans n. sp. (Lep. Phal., Pl. 48, f. 8)

3. Head, thorax and abdomen brilliant crimson-scarlet; antennae black-

brown; forelegs and mid and hind tibiae and tarsi black, the fore femora and the

tibiae with slight white streaks ; abdomen with small lateral and sublateral black

spots except towards base. Forewing brilliant crimson-scarlet, the veins streaked

with blackish ; a subbasal white point on median nervure; a rather crescentic

antemedial white spot defined by black in submedian interspace and a similar but

rather ovate postmedial spot between veins 6 and 5; cilia brown.——Hindwing

white; some pale crimson hair at base ; the costal and terminal areas fuscous

brown, the former expanding into a triangular patch at end of cell, the latter

expanding on apical area and at inner margin to before middle; the veins beyond

lower angle of cell streaked with brown. Underside of forewing fuscous brown,

with white spots as above.

ab. 1. Forewing with the antemedial spot larger, the postmedial spot more

triangular.

Hab. Ecuador, Paramba (Rosenberg), 1 d; Peru, El Porvenir, 2 dd type,

Chanchamayo, 1 ¢. Exp. 46-50 mill.

1374c. Pelochyta dorsicincta n. sp. (Lep. Phal., Pl. 49. f. 13)

d. Head and thorax greyish brown, the frons with pair of black points and

black point above, the vertex of head, basal joint of antennae and tegulae with

black points, the patagia with three black points above shoulders ; palpi with black

patches at side of second joint and the third joint blackish ; pectus and femora.

fulvous brown ; abdomen ochreous yellow, the basal segments dorsally clothed with

grey-brown hair, the terminal segments with black dorsal bands, lateral black spots

on four terminal segments and a sublateral series, the ventral surface with black

spots on second and third segments and bands on three following segments.

Forewing pale reddish brown, the veins and a streak in the cell fuscous; the termen

and cilia rather darker brown. Hindwing rather paler reddish brown, the veins

with darker streaks. Underside pale reddish brown.

ab. 1. Head between antennae and neck fulvous yellow.

Hab. W. Colombia, San Antonio (Palmer),2 dd type. Exp. 46-56 mill.

1375 6. Pelochyta albipare n. sp. (Lep. Phal., Pl. 49. f. 14)

?. Head, tegulae and base of patagia yellowish, the frons blackish brown, the

vertex of head and tegulae with black spots, the patagia with two black spots above

shoulders ; thorax and abdomen grey-brown ; basal joint of palpi yellow at side ;

pectus yellow ; fore coxae yellow with brown patches ; abdomen with the sides and

ventral surface yellow, lateral series of blackish spots. Forewing pale red-brown ;

black points at base of costa and median nervure; a small subbasal black spot

below median nervure with a minute streak below it. Hindwing with the basal

half yellowish white, the terminal half pale red-brown; the underside with the

inner area yellowish white to near tornus.

Hab. Peru, 1 ¢ type. Exp. 52 mill.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 233

14235. Opharus discisema n. sp. (Lep. Phal., Pl. 51.7. 12 8,13)

d. Head and thorax greyish ochreous mixed with red-brown, the vertex of

head with slight dark-brown streak, the patagia with more red-brown at base and

slight dark-brown streaks towards extremities ; antennae red-brown, dark brown

at base; palpi black-brown, the first and second joints ochreous in front and at

extremity; pectus and legs ochreous mixed with red-brown; abdomen orange-yellow,

the basal half dorsally clothed with red-brown hair, the terminal segments with small

dorsal black spots, the ventral surface with red-brown mixed. Forewing ochreous

tinged with red-brown and striated and in. parts suffused with red-brown; the base

greyish with dark brown points at base of costa and vein 1, its outer edge angled at

median nervure and defined by dark brown to submedian fold; a narrow maculate

grey antemedial band defined by some dark brown, oblique to median nervure, then

inwardly oblique and ending at vein 1, crossed by a dark brown streak in submedian

fold and with a dark brown streak beyond it in the cell; a medial series of

grey-white spots, rather oblique to median nervure, then inwardly oblique and

ending above vein 1; a grey-white band across end of cell, defined by some dark

brown, extending to costa, produced on inner side to a point in discal fold and to

a short streak on outer side ending in a curved mark on the discocellulars ; a black-

brown patch beyond the cell before the postmedial band, which is grey-white defined

by dark brown, sinuous to vein 5 and slightly produced at vein 6, then oblique,

reduced to slight spots to vein 2 and angled inwards in submedian fold ; subterminal

band narrow, whitish defined by dark brown, excurved below vein 7, angled inwards

at vein 5 and excurved below it, then oblique, reduced to small spots and angled

inwards in submedian fold ; a terminal series of small rather tridentate dark brown

spots. Hindwing dark reddish brown, the base whitish. Underside of forewing

reddish brown, the costa and terminal area tinged with ochreous and striated with

red-brown, the medial, postmedial, and subterminal bands with the whitish markings

on subcostal area only, then indistinct and red-brown; hindwing with the costal

area tinged with ochreous and with three ill-defined red-brown bands on costal

area, and a maculate subterminal band from costa to vein 3.

?. Head and thorax ochreous yellow slightly mixed with red-brown; abdomen

with small patch of red-brown hair at base of dorsum. Forewing ochreous yellow

striated with rufous, no dark points at base, the maculate whitish bands broader

and continuous, the curved white discoidal band produced to a point on vein 5, the

dark patch beyond the cell angled inwards below its extremity, the subterminal

band defined on outer side by dark red-brown spots. Hindwing ochreous yellow

tinged with red-brown, a diffused brown discoidal lunule, a subterminal band with

waved edges from below costa to submedian fold, excurved between veins 5 and 4;

the underside similar but with the markings indistinct.

Hab. W. Colombia, San Antonio (Palmer), 2 dd, 222 type. Lup. & 44,

? 56 mill.

15345. Agoraea phaeophlebia n. sp. (Lep. Phal., Pl. 56.f. 5)

9. Head, tegulae, and patagia orange-yellow, the dorsum of thorax yellowish

white; antennae yellowish white, the branches blackish; fore coxae and femora

orange-yellow, the tibiae and tarsi brownish white; pectus, mid- and hindlegs

yellowish white ; abdomen orange-yellow, the base and ventral surface yellowish

white. Forewing yellowish white, the veins, discal fold in the cell and submedian

234 ; NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

fold finely streaked with fuscous brown. Hindwing yellowish white, the veins of

terminal area slightly streaked with brownish.

Hab. Wenezuela, Merida, 1 2 type. Exp. 36 mill.

1595 a. Virbia flavifurca n. sp. (Lep. Phal., Pl. 56. f. 21)

Virbia medarda Hmpsn., Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M. iii. p. 200 (part) nec Stoll.

?. Head and thorax rufous; pectus orange-yellow; abdomen with dorsal black

stripe with waved edges, the sides orange-yellow, the ventral surface red-brown.

Forewing uniform rufous with a fulvous tinge. Hindwing black ; a broad orange-

yellow fascia in and below the cell from base to near termen, towards which it

widens somewhat, its extremity rounded ; an orange-yellow fascia on inner margin,

expanding on termen to vein 1; a small subterminal orange-yellow spot in sub-

median fold. Underside of forewing black-brown, the costa rufous, an orange-yellow

wedge-shaped patch in and just below the cell to well beyond it, where it expands to

just below vein 2, its extremity obliquely curved and slightly sinuous, a minute

black discoidal spot ; hindwing with the orange-yellow extending to costa at base.

Hab. Venezuela (Dyson), 1 2 type. Hap. 40 mill.

1679c. Maenas intacta n. sp. (Lep. Phal., Pl. 57. f. 27)

?. Head and thorax pure white ; antennae blackish except at base ; palpi with

the second joint brown behind; femora yellow above, the fore femora with brown

streak on inner side, the mid and hind tibiae and the tarsi banded with black-brown ;

abdomen orange-yellow, the base, extremity, and ventral surface white, a dorsal

series of small black spots on the yellow segments and lateral series of small black

spots. Wings pure white and somewhat semihyaline, the hindwing with slight

blackish discoidal point.

ab. 1. Frons with some yellow above; tegulae edged with yellow ; forewing

with antemedial black points below costa and cell and above inner margin, a dis-

coidal point and postmedial points above and below vein 1; hindwing with distinct

black discoidal point.

Hab. N. Nigeria, Kano (F. G. Brown), 1 ? type; Bauchi Prov. Kabwir (G. T.

Fox), 1%. Exp. 44 mill.

1730 a. Diacrisia diversata n. sp. (Lep. Phal., Pl. 58. f. 15)

?. Head and thorax white, with a slight creamy tinge; the tegulae with black

spots in one specimen, the shoulders with black spots, the patagia with short

curved black streak, the prothorax with short black streak; antennae black; palpi

banded black and yellowish ; pectus and legs white, the fore coxae with brown

patches, the femora yellow above, the fore and mid tibiae streaked with brown, the

hind tibiae with brown band towards extremities, the tarsi banded with brown ;

abdomen orange-yellow, the base, extremity and ventral surface white, dorsal and

lateral series of black spots. Forewing white with a slight creamy tinge and

series of irregular grey spots defined by black-brown ; a minute black spot at base

of cell, a subbasal spot below costa and two below the cell, with sometimes some

points in the cell, an elongate grey and black spot beyond them below the cell; an

oblique antemedial series of three irregular spots from costa to below the cell and

spots above and below vein 1; two elongate medial spots below costa and spots

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAH XXIII. 1916. 235

above and below vein | ; a very irregular patch in and below end of cell, emitting a

streak between veins 4 and 3 to the subterminal series where it forks ; a small spot

in upper end of cell, spots above and below base of vein 6 and a spot above them on

costa; a postmedial spot on costa with slight mark below it, spot above vein 4 and

spots above and below vein 1 ; an oblique subterminal series of spots from costa to

vein 4, a spot on vein 2, and spots above and below vein 1; short streaks before

termen above and below vein 5, above vein 4 and below 3; a series of small spots

on termen and cilia——Hindwing semihyaline white, with a small blackish dis-

coidal spot and subterminal spots above vein 5 and below 2; the underside with

spot or wedge-shaped mark from middle of costa and sometimes a slight postmedial

bar from costa.

Hab. Somaliland (Drake-Brockman), 2? 3 type. Exp. 46-52 mill.

1730 e. Diacrisia yemenensis n. sp. (Lep. Phal., Pl. 58. f. 17)

6. Head white tinged with yellow, a slight brown streak on vertex, the

antennae brown, the sides of frons and palpi black ; thorax fulvous yellow with

black spots on the tegulae, curved stripes on shoulders and patagia, and three

streaks on prothorax ; legs brown and whitish, the femora orange-yellow above ;

abdomen orange with dorsal and lateral series of blackish spots, the ventral surface

whitish. Forewing creamy white ; an irregular subbasal maculate black-brown

band ; an antemedial maculate black-brown band from costa to below the cell, a spot

above vein 1, and elongate spot below it; a large conical patch with waved edges

from costa above end of cell to below the cell, and obliquely placed spots below origin

of vein 2 and above vein 1; a large conical patch irrorated with white and with

waved edges from apical part of costa to vein 4 and an oblique band with waved

edges from vein 3 to inner margin; an incurved subterminal series of spots from

vein 5 to tornus; a series of spots on the termen and cilia. — Hindwing semi-

hyaline, yellowish white, the inner area golden yellow; a small blackish discoidal

spot, subterminal spot in discal fold, and terminal spot at vein 1; the underside

with small medial blackish spot below vein 8.

Hab. Arabia, Yemen (Bury), 1d type. Exp. 42 mill.

1739 a. Diacrisia geminipuncta n. sp. (Lep. Phal., Pl. 58. f. 20)

3. Head and thorax ochreous, the tegulae and shoulders with black spots ; the

patagia and prothorax with short black streaks; antennae black ; palpi with black

spot on first joint, the second and third black at sides ; fore coxae with blackish

patches, the fore femora and fore and mid tibiae striped with black, the hind tibiae

with black spots at base and near extremity, the tarsi black ringed with ochreous

white; abdomen ochreous white with dorsal, lateral, and sublateral series of black

spots. Forewing ochreous; a black point at base of cell; rather elongate

subbasal spots on costa and below the cell, a small spot above vein 1 and spot

nearer the base on vein 1; antemedial spots on costa, in cell, above vein 1 and on

inner margin; a similar series of medial spots, the spots below the cell and on inner

margin rather elongate; a spot on costa above end of cell, spots in and beyond

upper angle, points in lower angle and beyond it above and below vein 3, points

above and below median nervure near origin of vein 2, and small spots above and

below vein 2 and above vein 1; a wedge-shaped postmedial black mark on costa

with point below it, and spots or points above and below veins 5, 4, 2, and 1; an

236 NOVITATES ZOCLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

oblique subterminal maculate bar from costa near apex, small spots above and below

veins 6, 5, 4, 3 and 1,and a spot above vein 2, the spots at vein 5 nearer the termen ;

a terminal series of small spots. Hindwing ochreous white; the underside

with small medial and postmedial spots above and below vein 8, and a slight

subterminal spot below vein 2.

Hab. Abyssinia (Drake-Brockman), 1 d type. xp. 44 mill.

17557. Diacrisia rhodochroa n. sp. (Lep. Phal., Pl. 59, f. 9)

3. Head white ; palpi deep brown, the basal joint crimson ; lower part of frons

. deep brown; antennae black ; thorax pale flesh-pink, the tegulae crimson below ;

pectus and legs deep brown, some crimson below base of wings, the fore coxae with

crimson patches, the mid and hind coxae whitish, the femora crimson above;

abdomen deep crimson with dorsal series of black points except at base and Jateral

and sublateral series, the anal tuft and ventral surface white. Forewing ochreous

tinged with pale flesh-pink; a small black spot at base; antemedial spots below

costa and above vein 1 and a point below vein 1; a black point at upper angle of

cell; a faint diffused brownish postmedial line, excurved to vein 5, then very

oblique and with pairs of small black spots on each side of veins 3, 2, and 1.

Hindwing pale semihyaline flesh-colour, the inner area tinged with crimson ; the

underside with the costal area tinged with crimson, a black striga on upper

discocellular.

Hab. Java, Nongkodjadja (Cockayne), 1 dtype. Exp. 52 mill.

1770 f. Diacrisia lentifasciata n. sp. (Lep. Phal., Pl. 60. f. 5)

3. Head and thorax fulvous orange, the tegulae and patagia grey, edged with

fulvous orange; antennae blackish, the shaft greyish above ; palpi blackish at

sides ; fore coxae and femora streaked with blackish, the tibiae on outer side and the

tarsi blackish ; abdomen fulvous orange with dorsal and lateral series of black spots

and sublateral blackish stripe except at base and extremity. Forewing orange-

yellow, the costal edge pale ; some pale greyish below base of costa; faint greyish

stripes below the cell and vein 2 and beyond the cell in discal fold to near termen ;

cilia pale at tips. Hindwing yellowish white, the inner area deeper yellow.

Underside yellowish white, the costal area of both wings orange-yellow.

Hab. Mashonaland, Salisbury (Marshall), 2 dd type. Exp. 44 mill.

1770g. Diacrisia sinefascia nu. sp. (Lep. Phal., Pl. 60.f. 6)

Head and thorax pale yellow, with some orange-yellow at tips of tegulae

and base of patagia ; antennae black ; palpi blackish at sides ; pectus orange ;

fore coxae with blackish patches, the fore femora streaked with blackish, the fore and

mid tibiae blackish on outer side, the hind tibiae blackish at base and with blackish

stripe towards extremities, the tarsi blackish; abdomen orange with dorsal series

df black bars and lateral and sublateral series of spots except at base and extremity,

the ventral surface yellowish white. Forewing uniform pale yellow.—— Hind-

wing pale yellow, with some orange-yellow hair on inner area.

Hab. N. Nigeria, Minna (Macfie), 1 ?, Zungeru (Macfie), 1 2; Mashonaland,

Salisbury (Marshall), 2¢¢ type. Exp. 42-52 mill.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916, 237

18335. Amsacta nivea n.sp. (Lep. Phal., Pl. 61. f. 11)

d.. Head and thorax pure white; antennae black-brown, except basal joint ;

palpi and legs yellow ; abdomen orange-yellow with dorsal, lateral, and sublateral

series of small black spots except on basal segment, the ventral surface white.

Wings silvery white, the costal edge of forewing yellow.

Hab. E. Transvaal, Karino (Cooke), 1 d type. Exp. 32 mill.

1833 e. Amsacta ugandae n. sp. (Lep. Phal., Pl. 61. f. 14)

?. Head and thorax white ; antennae black below ; head behind and tegulae

slightly edged with yellow; patagia and metathorax with small black spots; fore

and mid femora and tibiae, the mid tibiae and tarsi streaked with black, the fore and

hind tarsi with black spots ; abdomen dorsally orange, the two basal and the anal

segment white, the orange segments with dorsal white patches and black spots, a

lateral series of black spots, and sublateral spots on four medial segments. Fore-

wing creamy white, the costal edge yellow ; a subbasal black spot in cell, antemedial

points below costa in upper part of cell, below the cell and above vein 1 ; small

spots at angles of cell with points in and beyond lower angle; two points below

vein 2 towards its origin; a postmedial series of points on each side of the veins,

excurved to vein 4, then incurved ; a subterminal series of small spots on each side

of the veins from costa to vein 2, the spot below vein 6 and the spots at vein 2

nearer the base; a subterminal point in submedian fold; a series of points just

before termen from below apex to above vein 3. Hindwing pure white, rather

thinly scaled ; the underside with small black discoidal spot.

Hab. Uganda, Entebbe (Neave), 1 2 type. Exp. 48 mill.

1833 f. Amsacta atricrures n.sp. (Lep. Phal., Pl. 61.f. 15)

3. Head and thorax pale brownish ochreous, the patagia with black points

uear base; antennae black-brown; palpi black-brown except at base; forelegs and

the mid and hind tibiae and tarsi black-brown ; abdomen orange with dorsal and

lateral series of minute black spots on third to anal segments. Forewing pale

brownish ochreous ; a small subbasal black spot on costa; an antemedial black

spot on costa with point below it, and small spots above and below vein 1; a

postmedial black point below costa. Hindwing orange-yellow. Underside of

both wings orange-yellow, the hindwing with black discoidal point.

Hab. British E. Africa, Pemba I. (Burtt), 1d type. Exp. 38 mill.

1859 a. Estigmene melanocera n. sp. (Lep. Phal., Pl. 62./. 1)

d. Head and thorax cream-colour; antennae black; palpi black at tips;

shoulders and patagia with black spots; pectus yellow; fore coxae with black

patches, the forelegs black above, the mid tibiae and tarsi black above, the extremity

of hind femora, the basal half of tibiae above and the tarsi black ; abdomen orange-

yellow with dorsal and lateral series of black spots except on basal segment and

sublateral points on three medial segments. Forewing cream-coloured ; a black

spot in base of cell ; an antemedial spot on costa and point below the cell ; a medial

spot on costa with small spot below it, and spots above and below vein 1 ; a point

below lower angle of cell on left side only ; a postmedial spot on costa with point

238 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII, 1916.

beyond its extremity, and points above and below vein 1——fHindwing orange-

yellow with small black discoidal spot ; cilia whitish.

Hab. British Central Africa, Zomba (Old), 1 ¢ type. Exp. 38 mill.

1897 a. Pericallia coorgensis n. sp. (Lep. Phal., Pl. 62. f. 12)

?. Head white tinged with crimson, the antennae, frons and palpi dark brown,

the antennae with the basal joint crimson and some white at base of shait ; thorax

dark brown, the tegulae white with quadrate brown patch and some crimson below,

the patagia white with brown spot ; coxae with crimson patches, the femora crimson

above ; abdomen crimson with dark spot at base, then a series of bands and a patch

on anal segment, the ventral surface dark brown confluent with lateral series of

spots and with slight ventral scarlet bars on median segments. Forewing

chocolate-brown ; a white fascia from base below the cell, beyond the lower angle

obliquely bent upwards to costa, extending to inner margin and with a slight

crimson tinge at base, emitting projections into the cell near base and before and

at middle and on lower side before and beyond middle, the oblique part with

slightly waved edges and with a slight crimson tinge at costa; a wedge-shaped

white patch slightly tinged with crimson on apical part of costa and a semicircular

patch at middle. Hindwing crimson with slight brown marks at and above upper

angle of cell and subterminal chocolate-brown patches conjoined by bars below costa,

at middle, and above tornus, the apical and tornal patches touching the termen.

Underside of forewing with the fascia crimson except at costa; hindwing with

irregular brown patch at middle of costa connected with the apical patch which

extends along the costa for a short distance.

Hab. Madras, Coorg, Somwarpet (Hannyngton), 1 2 type. xp. 50 mill.

1926 5. Ecpantheria obsolescens n. sp. (Lep. Phal., Pl. 63.7.9 3, 10 2)

d. Head and thorax brownish white, the tegulae with small blackish spots,

the patagia with elongate annuli, the pro- and metathorax with paired annuli;

antennae black except at base; frons at sides and above black-brown; fore femora

at extremities, the mid and hind tibiae at base and extremities, and the tarsi black-

brown ; abdomen dark brown, the medial segments glossed with blue and irrorated

with whitish, the extremity and ventral surface brownish white, dorsal orange spots

on medial segments and lateral maculate fasciae. Forewing brownish white, the

terminal area somewhat semihyaline except towards tornus ; subbasal, antemedial,

medial and postmedial series of rather faint brown annuli, oblique from below costa,

and two subterminal annuli on inner area. Hindwing white, the veins brownish,

the inner area with fascia of dark brown hair. Underside of forewing brownish

white ; hindwing with ante- and postmedial brown annuli on costa.

?. Thorax without markings. Forewing with the terminal area more thickly

scaled, a fuscous discoidal bar and complete subterminal and terminal series of

annuli. Hindwing with less dark brown hair on inner area.

Hab. Peru, Yahuarmayo, 1 d, 1 ? type; Chaquimayo (Watkins), 1 2.

Exp. 3 54, $ 58 mill.

1975d. Pygarctia poliochroa n. sp. (Lep. Phal., Pl. 64. f. 10).

d. Head and thorax brownish grey, the back of head scarlet, the metathorax

with slight paired scarlet marks; antennae black-brown ; palpi scarlet at base ;

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 239

pectus with some scarlet below the wings ; abdomen scarlet with dorsal and lateral

series of small black spots, the ventral surface reddish brown. Forewing brownish

grey, the costal edge white, the cilia white at tips. Hindwing white, the veins

and inner and terminal areas more or less strongly tinged with brown; the under-

side white, the costal area grey-brown.

?. Hindwing uniform brownish grey.

Hab. U.S.A. Arizona, Oracle (Oslar),2 09,299 type. Exp. 32 mill.

2070 a. Carcinarctia laeliodes n. sp.

3. Head and thorax scarlet mixed with some brown ; antennae with the shaft

whitish ; palpi black; fore and mid tibiae suffused with black; the tarsi black ;

abdomen scarlet with blackish bands except at base. Forewing scarlet irrorated

with brown; an obscure blackish subterminal spot at discal fol. —— Hindwing

paler scarlet ; a black discoidal spot and a slight subterminal spot at discal fold.

Underside scarlet ; forewing with the costa irrorated with brown, a slight blackish

discoidal spot ; hindwing with black discoidal lunule.

Fore tibiae with the claws small.

Hab. British E. Africa, Aberdare Mts., 10,000 ft. (Woosnam), 1 d type.

Exp. 40 mill.

2115d. Rhodogastria carneola n. sp.

Head and thorax ochreous flesh-colour, the basal joint of antennae and neck

crimson, the basal joint of antennae, vertex of head, tegulae and patagia with black

spots, the pro-, meso- and metathorax with paired black spots; antennae pale

crimson ringed with brownish; frons with black spots at middle and sides; palpi

crimson with black bands at extremities of second and third joints; legs crimson

with black spots at sides of fore coxae; abdomen crimson, the ventral surface pale

flesh pink, lateral and sublateral series of black spots. Forewing ochreous flesh-

colour ; a diffused fuscous-brown medial line ; a large semihyaline patch beyond the

cell between veins 7 and 2; its outer edge excurved between veins 5 and 2.

Hindwing pale flesh-pink, semihyaline except the veins and margins. Underside

of forewing with the cell and area below it also semihyaline, defining a flesh-pink

discoidal bar.

Hab. German E. Africa, Moschi, 1 ?; British C. Africa, Mt. Mlanje (Neave),

1 do type. Exp. 54 mill.

21164. Rhodogastria thermochroa n. sp.

d. Head and thorax pale rufous ; palpi with the basal joint pale crimson with

two black spots, the second and third black, pale crimson at base; frons pale

crimson with black spot above; antennae black, the basal joint pale crimson, black

in front; vertex of head with black spot; tegulae with black spots at middle and

sides ; shoulders with two black spots; tegulae at base, pro-, meso- and metathorax

with paired black spots; pectus and legs pale crimson, the forelegs above and the

mid tibiae and tarsi streaked with fuscous ; abdomen yellow with lateral and sub-

lateral series of small black spots. Forewing pale rufous ; three minute black

spots at base; an oblique postmedial semihyaline band from below costa to

240 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

vein 3.

semihyaline.

Hab. British E. Africa, 8. Kakumega Forest, Yala R. (Neave), 1 d type.

Exp. 48 mill.

Hindwing pale red-brown, the cell and interspaces just beyond it

21207. Rhodogastria fuscivena n. sp.

3. Head and thorax ochreous whitish; palpi crimson with black spot on first

joint and bands on second and third joints ; frons with black spot above ; antennae

black, crimson towards base, the first joint black in front; vertex of head with

black spot; tegulae with black spots at middle and sides; shoulders with two

black spots ; patagia with two black spots near base and one near tips ; pro-, meso-

and metathorax with paired black spots; pectus and legs crimson, the forelegs

ochreous white in front; abdomen ochreous whitish, the terminal half dorsally

tinged with crimson, lateral and sublateral series of small black spots. Forewing

brownish white, the veins streaked with fuscous, the discocellulars whitish ; three

minute black spots at base. Hindwing brownish white.

Hab. Uganda, Toro, Mpanga Forest (Neave), 1d type. Exp. 56 mill.

2127 a. Tlemodes astriga n. sp.

?. Head and thorax silvery white with small paired black spots on pro- and

metathorax; antennae brownish except towards base ; frons, palpi, pectus, legs

and abdomen yellow, the fore tibia and tarsi tinged with brown. Forewing silvery

white, with a minute black discoidal point. Hindwing pale yellow. Underside

of forewing pale brown, with a white fascia from below costa towards base to costa

towards apex, the inner area yellow; hindwing with small black discoidal spot.

3. Forewing with the costal edge falvous yellow, blackish towards base; the

underside fulvous yellow, with the terminal area brownish grey.

Hab. Transvaal, Lydenburg, 1d; Natal, Maritzburg, 1? type. Exp. 44 mill.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 241

LIST OF SOME ZYMENOPTERA FROM ALGERIA

AND THE M’ZAB COUNTRY.

By THE Rev. F. D. MORICE.

[Tueset Hymenoptera were collected by Lord Rothschild and myself in various

parts of Algeria, and those from the Oued Nea and Ghardaia by me in 1914.

About the localities the articles in Novitates Zoologicae xviii. (pp. 470, 471), xxi.

(pp. 180-185), and xxii. (pp. 61-65) may be consulted. No doubt a good many

more species could be found in the M’zab country, but I had very little time there

for the collecting of Hymenoptera, as during my brief stay a number of days were

lost for it through gales and cold, dull weather, besides that most of my time was

occupied with the primary objects of the journey, 7.e. the collecting of birds and

their eggs, and of Lepidoptera.

The specimens will be presented to the British Museum.—Ernst Harrerr. |

1. Allantus pectoralis Kriechb. ? (Oran).

2. Stilbum splendidum F. var. 2 (Ghardaia).

Perhaps = var. pict Buyss. The mesonotum is densely punctured, But it is

exceedingly small, and with a singularly purple coloration resembling that of

Clorysis episcopalis Spin.

3. Chrysis ignita 3 (Hammam Rirha).

4. Mutilla barbara L. (Ain Sefra).

5. Dasylabris maura L. ¢ (Ain Sefra).

6-10. Dasylabris arabica L. 3 3 (Ain Sefra).

11. » » 9, & (Ghardaia).

12: : yy 2 var. (Ghardaia): 9

I think this must be the ? of No. 11, which seems to be ee ad of ar ae

It does not, however, quite agree with arabica ? (= ornata Klug sec. André) as

described by André (Species viii. p. 395), since it has, in else to tne markings

there mentioned, a medial pilose spot on each of the segments 3, 4 and 5, these spots

practically coalescing to form a continuous longitudinal stripe (or “ vitta ”) which

broadens gradually from base to apex. Similar specimens which I took at Biskra

in 1898 were recorded by the late E. Saunders (Tr. Ent. Soc. 1901) as italica F.

But one of them was sent later to André and returned by him as “ ornata KI.”

le. arabica (vide Species |.c.), and this determination, so far as I can judge, seems

to be probably the right one. (The pygidial area is uniformly reticulate, and

by no means like that of ztalica as described by Andre).

13. Stenomutilla argentata Vill. ? (Oran).

14. Myzine lacteipennis Ed. Saund. d (Ain Sefra).

15. Myzine sexfasciata Ross. ? 3 (Ghardaia).

16-18. Scolia bidens L. & 8 (Ain Sefra).

19. n » » & (Ain Sefra).

(This species was very common on flowers in gardens and near the town, at

Ain Sefra. We also observed it at Hammam Rirha.—E. H.)

20. Scolia interstincta Kl. & (Ain Sefra).

21. Elis carbonaria Kl. ¢ (Ain Sefra).

242 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICA XXIII. 1916.

22. Clavelia brevipennis F. ? (Oran).

23. Psammochares (= Pompilus) fumipennis Dahlb. ? ? (Oran).

24, Psammochares viaticus L. ? (Ain Sefra).

25-26. Harpactopus (= Sphex auctt. pars) stchurowskyi Rad, var. hyalipennis Kohl.

? 2 (Ain Sefra).

27-28. ” „ ” ”

dd (Oued Nea and El Arish).

The above specimens exactly resemble specimens from Biskra determined for

me by Kohl many years ago when the d was undescribed. I described it in

Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond, Part Ill. 1897.

29. Parasphex albisectus Lep. 2 (Laghouat).

30-31. Parapsammophila dives Brull. $ ? (Ghardaia).

32-33. Sphex L. (= Ammophila auctt.) heydeni Dahlb. dd (Ain Sefra).

34-39. ” ” De a ee) ”

36. Psammophila tydei Guill. 3 Am Sefra).

37. a 2

38-39. Dosen ee u 3 (Ain Sefra).

40.

41. eat P LE ohneaads Saul, 9 We Sekte)

(Saunders’s description was published after his death in Trans. Ent. Soc.

Part IV. 1910.)

42. Tachysphex panzer? Kohl. ? ? (Oued Nea).

43-44. Vespa germanica F. 33 (Oran and Hammam Rirha).

45-46. Polistes gallicus L. $ 2 ? (Ain Sefra).

Perhaps only large 38. I do not know how to distinguish satisfactorily the 33

and ? ? of this group. The character of size seems hardly sufficient.

47-48. These are clearly 8 3 of P. gallicus (Ain Sefra).

49-50. Also 38 of P. gallicus, somewhat less copiously ornamented than those from

Ain Sefra (Laghouat, and Hammam Rirha).

51-53. Also $8 of P. gallicus, highly coloured like the Ain Sefra specimens

(Hammam Rirha).

According to Saussure’s criteria for distinguishing the forms gallicus and

biglumis, all the above specimens 45-53 are to be assigned to gallicus, which

is certainly the prevailing if not the only form in Algeria !

54. Eumenes dimidiatipennis Sauss. ? (Ain Sefra).

I have previously met with this form only from Oriental districts (Egypt, etc.)

and do not know of any other record of it from Algeria, except the specimens

collected by Dr. Hartert in the sandy tract of El-Arich, at El-Golea, and in the

Southern Oued Mya in 1912 (ef. Nov. Zool. xx. 1913, p. 599).

55-57. Eumenes arbustorum Penzer var. algira Schulz ? $ (Ghardaia).

58. > M » * (Oued Nea).

59. Odynerus (WEB) Haren F. ? (Hammam Rirha).

60-61. Odynerus (Lionotus) crenatus Lep. ? dd (Ghardaia).

The distinction between crenatus and dantici seems rather doubtful. If the

forms can be separated specifically, these specimens belong (I think) to the former.

One of them has the postscutellum immaculate, in the other it is lined with yellow.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 243

The so-called “upper angles of the metathorax” are sharp, and separated from

the postscutellum by an evident fissure (group of simplex ?)

62. Another & of crenatus ? (Postscutellum yellow). (Oued Nea).

63. Odynerus (Lionotus) fastidiosus Sauss. ? 2 (Djebel Mekter).

A very large insect quite corresponding to Saussure’s description of fastidiosus,

except that all its markings are pure yellow (not “ ferruginous ” !)

64. Odynerus (Lionotus) rossii Lep. & (Ain Sefra).

65. Odynerus (Lionotus) sp. ? 2 (Ain Sefra).

This may be a variety of tripunctatus F.; but its coloration neither quite

agrees with Lepeletier’s description, which Saussure endorses, nor with that of

the specimens called tripunctatus at South Kensington. The scutellum and

postscutellum are entirely black, the propodeum black with a small roundish red

_ spot on each side. The first abdominal segment has a black central stripe dividing

its declivous basal surface, and there is also a small black spot on the middle of its

dorsal disc. The base of the second segment is occupied by a black fascia angularly

produced in the middle and undulately on the sides; on its disc there is an obscure

vague clouding such as Saussure mentions in describing his sessilis (“un T renversé”) ;

and before its apex there are two lateral spots, as apparently in all forms of this

group (tripunctatus, sessilis, and filipalpis). The apical margin of this segment

appears to me quite simple ; and this, if Saussure’s account of filipalpis and sessilis

is correct, would distinguish the present form from either of them. In specimens

which I believe to be true sessilis from Spain, the margin of this segment is, as

Saussure states, “ cannel& transversalement et un peu relevé.” On the whole

I should call the present insect, provisionally, a variety of tripunctatus, F.

66. Odynerus (Lionotus) canalieulatus Sauss. $ (Oued Nea).

The clypeus in this specimen is entirely black; but I cannot donbt that it is

a true canaliculatus, as it possesses all the extraordinary structural characters by

which Saussure distinguishes his species.

67. Odynerus (Ancistroceros) parietum L. 3 (Djebel Mekter).

63. Pterochilus ornatus Lep. ? (Oran).

The species was described from a d, also taken at Oran, by Lepeletier’s son.

This, I do not doubt, is its 2, hitherto apparently unknown.

Apart from sexual differences, Lepeletier’s description of the ¢ exactly suits it,

except that on the first abdominal segment only a small triangular spot is black.

In this ? the maxillary palpi (N.B.) are much dilated, rounded at the apex,

and completely encircled by a fringe of very long curving hairs. It belongs,

therefore, to the group of phaleratus, hellenicus, etc., not to that of numida and

bembeciformis (terricola).

69. Ceramius fonscolombei Latr. 2 (Ain Sefra).

70. Colletes chobauti Pérez 3 (Djebel Mekter).

wale 33 5 » 2 (Oued Nea).

I name these with some hesitation, being single specimens and the male

armature, etc., imperfectly visible. But they seem to agree with examples in my

own collection named by Pérez.

72. Hylaeus (= Prosopis auctt.) variegatus F. (Ain Sefra).

73. Halictus sp. (?) 8 (Ain Sefra).

244 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1914

Seems allied to malachurus, but I do not recognise the species. Its pilosity

is more or less squamose, and the face is exceedingly long—as much so as in

punctatissimus Morawitz. The apices of the abdominal segments are discoloured

as in albipes. The wings very clear, with slightly yellow veins and stigma. The

antennae testaceous beneath. All the tibiae are yellow with a fuscous clouding on

their external surface. The femora are fuscous up to the knees, and the tarsi

entirely yellow.

74. Sphecodes gibbus 3 L. var. (Ain Sefra).

As usual in Algerian examples of this species the legs are largely red.

. Nomada chrysopyga Morawitz 3 (Oran).

. 3 ? (Tlemcen).

. Nomada are Perez ? & (Oran).

. Nomada sp. ? (Ain Sefra).

A small testaceous and black insect, which I do not venture to determine.

I -IQı .

SI Sp Or

[0 0)

Ne}

. Panurgus siculus Morawitz d (Ain Sefra).

. Systropha pict Pérez ? (Ain Sefra).

I have not seen this species before, but Pérez’s description suffices to identify it.

[0.6]

81. Andrena funebris Lep. d (Tlemcen).

82. Andrena nigroaenea K. $ (Ain Sefra).

83. Andrena labialis K. d (Oran).

84. Andrena biskrensis Pérez 3 (Djebel Mekter).

85. 5 ?

86. en Beer n. en ? (Ain Sefra).

A very distinct species, instantly recognisable by the red basal segments of

its abdomen. For its other characters see Diagnosis at end of this list.

87. Ceratina cucurbitina Rossi ? (Tlemcen).

88. Osmia tricornis Latr. & (Tlemcen).

Oa 9% » & (Col de Sfa near Biskra).

Ole, 5 » ¥ (Tlemcen).

Similar specimens from Biskra have been recorded by the late E. Saunders in

Trans. Ent. Soc. as kohli Ducke, but they do not appear to me to be separable from

the European tricornis.

91. Osmia latreillei Spin. $ (Oued Nea).

92. Anthidium sticticum F. 3 (Tlemcen).

93-95. ,, "3 „ dd (Hamman Rirha).

96. er ” „» ? (Oran).

97. > » 2? (Tlemcen).

98-99. Anthidium einen Lep. $ ? (Ghardaia).

100-101. Anthidium pullatum un. sp. 2 ? (Oued Nea).

Distinet from most species of the genus by the entirely black abdomen. For

other characters see the Diagnosis at end of this list.

102-103. Chalicodoma nasidens Friese ? $ (Ghardaia).

104, » ¥% (Oued Nea).

105. Ohaliaatien sicula Roce ? (Tifrit).

106. ” ” Di (Oran).

NovITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 245

107-108. Chalicodoma muraria var. rufttarsis Lep. ? 2 (Tlemcen).

109. Eucera (Tetralonia) alternans Brullé ? (Tifrit).

110-114. Eucera hispana Lep. dd (Hammam Rirha).

115-116. Kucera trivittata Brullé dd (Tlemcen).

ll i 5 » 6 (Hammam Rirha).

118. Eucera notata Lep. ? (Ain Sefra).

119. Eucera collaris Dours ? (Harman Rirha).

120. Lasius (= Anthophora) sp. (?) (3 Ain Sefra).

I believe that this species is identical with semirufus Friese, described from

Egypt. But in the present specimen the apical segments of the abdomen are

thinly clothed with fulvous hairs. If these were rubbed off, Friese’s description

would suit the specimen exactly ; and I believe that this had happened in the case

of his “type,” which was taken by myself. I have, however, no longer any speci-

men of semirufus 8 or ? in my own collection, so that I may be mistaken. But

under the circumstances I think it would be unwise to describe the present insect

as a new species. (As to the name Lasius cf. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1915, p. 421.)

121. Lasius atriceps Pérez 3 (Djebel Mekter).

122, Lasius lutulentus Kl. ? (Ain Sefra).

123-5. Bremus (= Bombus) hortorum L. 33 (Hammam Rirha).

126. Bremus lucorum L. 8 (Tlemcen).

127. 5 +5 » ? (Hammam Rirha).

(For the name Bremus vide Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1915, p. 428.)

128-130. Apis mellifera L. 3% (Hammam Rirha).

DIAGNOSES OF NEW SPECIES

Melitturga rubricata n. sp.

Nigra, abdomine magna parte rubro; antennarum flagellis, tegulis venisque

alarum (subcosta nigra excepta), pedum calcaribus articulisque apicalibus, tibiarum

posticarum patellis, abdominisque segmenti 6“ area mediana, plus minusve distincte

rufescentibus vel brunneis.

Segmentorum abdominalium 1-4 margines subscariosi, alboque tenuiter ciliati.

Fimbria analis albida, sed in medio infuscata. Scopae albae; tarsi extra albido-,

intra fulvo-, pilosi.

?. Long. cire. 13 mm. (Ain Sefra, South-West Algeria).

The colour of the abdomen in this insect gives it a curious resemblance to

certain species of Andrena (e.g. bipartita, schenki, helouanensis, etc.). Probably it

varies somewhat in individuals, but in the present specimen the basal segment

of the abdomen is red entirely, except for a bilobed or ‘“ bi-ramose” black mark

which surrounds its attachment to the thorax, but does not extend beyond the basal

(declivous) portion of its surface, and is therefore not visible in the direct dorsal

view. Segment 2 has on each side (just over the spiracle) a sharply defined

longitudinal black oval spot, otherwise it is red entirely. Segment 3 is red, except

for a black subtriangular mark in the middle of its ventral plate. Segment 4,

above, is clouded with black from its apex almost to its base; beneath, it is also

clouded, but less extensively. The three apical segments are almost entirely black.

The head and thorax are clothed with a rather thin pale pilosity, which is

longest at the sides and beneath. The basal segment of the abdomen is clothed

246 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916,

similarly; but the three segments following are almost naked, except their ciliated

margins. The apical fimbria is dense and conspicuous ; dusky in the middle of

segment 5, and entirely so on segment 6. It is white at the sides of segment 5 ;

the hairs long, sub-erect, and incurved at their apices. The ventral segments are

fringed with long sub-erect hairs.

The pilosity of the legs (scopae, etc.) is mostly white, but is fulvous (or in some

lights golden) on the inside of the tarsi.

The base of the labrum is polished and shining. The clypeus is coarsely and

somewhat rugosely punctured; the rest of the head and thorax are punctured more

finely. Between the punctures the surface appears smooth and shining. The

propodeum is opaque in the middle, less so at the sides, its sculpture feeble and

shallow. The abdomen is finely and closely punctured throughout, the punctures

very Shallow, and the surface between them microscopically aciculate, yet slightly

shining.

Anthidium pullatum n. sp.

Corpus, exceptis mandibulis late citrino-pictis, punctoque parvo citrino pone

utrumque oculum, nigrum immaculatum.

Clypei subquadrati margo apicalis reflexus, crenatus. Scutelli margo edentatus,

arcuatus, in medio leniter introrsus sinuatus. Corpus superne breviter, infra et

in lateribus multo longius, albido-pilosum. Scopa ventralis alba: abdominis segmenti

dorsalis 5" margo satis conspicue niveo-fasciatus. Pedes extra niveo- intus fulvo-

pilosi. Calcaria alba. Unguiculi in medio acute denticulati. Mandibulae, clypeique

margo crenatus, valde nitentes: religaum caput cum thorace dense rugoso-punctatum

et opacum. Abdomen concinne punctulatum, subopacum. Alae sordide hyalinae.

Cellulae radialis dimidium superius infuscatum. Tegularam margines externi late

scariosi. Abdominis segmentum quasi in medio carinatum (lateribus utrinque

impressis vel foveatis) ; cuius carinae apex ultra reliquum marginem segmenti (fere

sicut dens obtusus) prominet.

Long. circ. 11 mm., lat. 4 mm.

222, Oued Nea.

Of the known Anthidium species with immaculate abdomen the nearest to

pullatum seems to be moricei Friese, but that appears to have black mandibles,

and its body is described as shining, whereas in pullatum it is decidedly opaque.

Montanum Morawitz is altogether unlike it, having (inter alia) a quite different

pilosity. I have compared Dr. Hartert’s specimens with all the forms of Anthidium,

named and unnamed, in the South Kensington collections, but can find nothing

really resembling them, nor even, I believe, at all nearly related to them. But, till

the 3 is known, it is perhaps rash to discuss the affinities of the 2.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII, 1916. 247

FURTHER CORRECTIONS OF AND ADDITIONS TO OUR

“REVISION OF THE SPHINGIDAE.”

By LORD ROTHSCHILD anp DR. KARL JORDAN.

(With 14 text-figs.)

Callosphingia gen. nov.

?. Palporum articulus secundus intus profunde concavus et squamis longis

dense tectus; tarsorum anticorum articuli spinis longis armati, scilicet primus

quatuor, secundus et tertius nna apicali—Genotypus : Dovania circe Fawcett (1915).

The second segment of the labial palpus is concave on the inner surface as in:

Herse, Acherontia, and Coelonia. In this groove there are a number of erect hair-

scales in the centre, and the scales placed at the proximal and lateral edges of the

groove lean towards the centre, forming a dense roof over the cavity, the roof being

absent distally, where the cavity is open. First segment with a naked streak

on the inside ; third segment short, almost concealed in the scaling of the second

segment. Head rather small. Pilifer normal, bearing bristles only ; genal process

short, obtuse ; tongue long (rolled in, not measured). Antenna distinctly incrassate

distally, end-segment long, with rough scaling, preceding segments higher than

long. Tibiae without spines, spurs of mid- and hindtibiae very unequal, the long

inner spurs about twice as long as the outer ones and not qnite reaching to the

middle of the first tarsal segment. First segment of foretarsus much shorter than

foretibia, on the outer side with four stout long spines and some small ones ;

segments 2 and 3 with a long apical spine ; pulvillus present, long, paronychia with

one slender lobe ; midtarsus with basal comb, the distal bristles of which gradually

diminish in length ; hindtarsus without comb ; first hindtarsal segment nearly as

long as the other four segments together.

To be placed after Coelonia.

1. Poliana natalensis ferax subsp. nov.

3%. Maculis et fasciis nigris magis abundantibus et melius expressis quam

in P. n. natalens?.

Hab. German East Africa: Manow ; a series received from Messrs. Staudinger

and Bang-Haas.

The black lateral stripe of the thorax is broader than in southern specimens,

the tip of the patagia being edged with black and the yellow spots of the

metanotum usually more or less distinctly surrounded by black; the thorax and

abdomen, above, darker than in P. n. natalensis, especially in the ?, the abdominal

spots deeper black, the lateral ones, moreover, being somewhat larger. Scaling of

antennae and tarsi slaty-grey in most specimens, darker than in P. n. natalensis.

Forewing, on upperside, with an abundant intermixture of black scales in most

examples, the wing being particularly dark in the 2? $; the transverse lines more or

less complete, but one of the dd approaching P. n. natalensis very closely ; the

fourth line from the base joins the discocellular ring in P. n. natalensis, while in

P.n. ferax it remains separate from the ring or is only joined to it at the lower

cell-angle (in the type-specimen of ferax) ; the greyish white marginal patch at

248 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

the anal angle smaller in ferax than in natalensis. On the hindwing the outer

black bar within the greyish white anal area and the black spots placed ontside

this bar larger, so that the marginal portion of the grey area is reduced to spots or

entirely replaced by black.

The underside on the whole is darker than in P. n. natalensis, and the external

band is less dentate on both wings.

2. Poliana buchholzi Plötz (1880)

The East African form of this species has been described by E. Strand as

Taboribia wintgensi nov. gen. et nov. spec. in Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 54, p. 228

(1910). A paratype (?) of this wintgensi, from the Wichgraf collection, is now in

the collection of Mr. J. J. Joicey, to whom we are indebted for the loan of it. The

specimen came from German East Africa, and agrees with some examples from

British East Africa contained in the British Museum. All these specimens are

smaller than West African duchholzi.

Poliana marmorata Fawe. (1915), from British East Africa, is the same as

wintgensi. The type, and only specimen, is a d, which its discoverer, W. Feather,

has very kindly transferred to the Tring Museum.

As buchholzi is the genotype of Poliana, Strand’s name of Taboribia sinks into

synonymy. The name of the East African subspecies therefore is :

Poliana buchholzi wintgensi Strand (1910)

Poliana marmorata Faweett, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1915. p. 105, no. 85. pl. 2. fig, 22

(Masongaleni, Brit. E. A.).

Lt.-Colonel Fawcett’s remark under P. marmorata, l.c. p. 106, that there is a

figure of Poliana buchholzi Plötz, from West Africa, in the Dublin Museum,

probably rests on a misunderstanding.

3. Protoparce clarki spec. nov. (text-figs. 1 and 2)

d. P. perplexa R. & J. (1910) similis, minor, thoracis et alarum partibus

pallidis grisescentibus, pedibus nigris albo irroratis, alis posticis subtus fascia media

nigra e tribus lineis composita, armatura sexuali diversa.

Al. ant. long. 41-48 mm.

Hab. Fonteboa, Upper Amazon, May 1906 (8. M. Klages), one d, type;

?Chanchamayo, Peru, one d; another d in coll. Preston Clark (Boston), from

Ecuador.

The specimen kindly lent us by Mr. B. Preston Clark enables us to verify the

distinctions presented by our examples, and we have much pleasure in naming this

interesting species in his honour. Mr. B. Preston Clark’s collection of Sphingidae

is the largest in America.

P. clarki is a near relative of P. perplexa R. & J. (1910), P. scutata R. & J.

(1903), and P. pellenia H.-S. (1854), agreeing best with perplexa. Its size being

smaller and the pale portions of the thorax and wings grey without a distinct

yellowish buff tone, the species has a rather different appearance from its allies.

The antenna is slightly thinner than in P. perplexa, and much thinner than in

P. scutata and P. pellenia. The frons is nearly as black as the occiput. The first

segment of the palpus has a white ventral margin. The white dorsal spots of the

abdomen are vestigial or diffuse, and the seventh segment has no yellow side-patch ;

NoVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 249

the white underside of the abdomen is more or less irrorated with brown-black

scales, at least at the sides, with the exception of the first sternite, which is pure

white, and the black median spots are small, usually only one being visible. The

legs are nearly as black as the sides of the abdomen, and are irrorated with white

scales.

Wings, upperside. The forewing agrees in shape best with that of P. perplexa,

being decidedly more stumpy than in P, scutata ; the markings of both wings are

also practically the same, except that the outer grey band of the hindwing is

Fie. 1.—Harpe of Protoparce clarki.

» 2.—Penis-sheath of , . ,,

3.—Harpe of Protoparce perplexa.

4,—Penis-sheath of ,, be

less shaded with black than in P. perplexa, but more so than in P. scutata and

P. pellenia.

On the underside the forewing has on the disc two dark transverse lines out-

lined on the outer side with grey ; these lines are as much curvedas in P. perplexa,

ie. more so than in P. pellenia and P. scutata. The hindwing bears three lines,

united posteriorly in a patch, the first line being the most prominent, the second

feebly marked, consisting almost entirely of vein-dots only, and the outer line

dentate, continuous or more or less effaced between the veins.

The harpe (text-fig. 1) has a broad vertical denticulate lobe, resembling that of

perplexa (text-fig. 3), but being narrower and much smaller; the ventral process

is denticulate in all three specimens. The penis-sheath bears a subapical tooth

250

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

in P. clarki (text-fig. 2) and P. scutata, and an apical one in P. perplexa (text-

fig. 4) and P. pellenia.

The “ Chanchamayo?” example, which has been in our collection for more

than a dozen years, is much rubbed, but the other two specimens before us are in

a very good state of preservation. Mr. Clark’s specimen, of which the forewing

has a length of 48 mm., whereas the wing of the type measures only 41 mm., bears

in the centre of the antenna a diffuse black patch, of which there is just a trace in

the type.

4. Protoparce lefeburei Guer. (1844)

Protoparce lefeburei, Rothschild & Jord., Nov. Zool. ix. Suppl. p. 82, No. 50 (1903) (partim).

Since the publication of the “ Revision” we have received a series of specimens

ot anew form of Protoparce similar to lefeburei. While investigating this new form

' we found that what we considered to be lefeburei was a mixture of two species, our

fresh material affording conclusive evidence to that effect. One of the species is

undoubtedly izcisa Walk. (1856), and the other we treat as lefebure?, the description

of lefeburei agreeing very well with the specimens.

We have P. lefeburei in the Tring Museum from Honduras, Costa Rica, West

Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad, Rio Madeira (Amazonas), South-East Peru, Para-

guay, Rio de Janeiro, and Santa Catharina. The abdomen of this species has no

black dorsal line ; the proximal half of the forewing is rather darker than the apical

half, the brownish black discal streak runs obliquely from the base of R* to the apex

of M!, not being parallel with these veins, and the whitish patch at the hind angle

contrasts with the proximal area more or less conspicuously. The genitalia of the

male have been figured by us Z.c. The shape of the tenth sternite is particularly

characteristic, the sternite being long and narrow, deeply cleft, with the lobes

strongly curved upwards, the tips almost being rolled up. The penis-sheath bears

two small teeth.

The female genital armature figured by us Jc. is that of P. incisa. In

P. lefeburei the eighth abdominal sternite of the female is so much swollen in the

centre as to form a large tubercle, whereas in P. incisa the sclerite is evenly convex

transversely, forming a kind of arch. In both species the anterior side is excised

for the reception of the postvaginal tubercle. The seventh sternite of lefeburei js

sinuate centrally as in P. incisa, but the lobes bordering the sinus are more obtuse

than in that species.

5. Protoparce incisa Walk. (1856)

Protoparce lefeburei, Rothschild & Jord., l.c. (1903) (partim).

This species can be recognised by the abdomen bearing a more or less con-

spicuous black dorsal line, by the proximal half of the forewing being paler than

the apical half, and the black discal streak parallel with the veins and therefore

forming an angle with the costal portion of the streak. The transverse lines in the

outer half of the forewing are usually more strongly marked than in P. lefeburei.

The tenth tergite of the male is less slender than in P. lefeburei in a lateral aspect ; .

the tenth sternite is broader and shorter, not nearly so deeply cleft, the lobes being

about as long as they are broad. The harpe is larger than in P. lefeburei, the

dentate portion more rounded, and the apical process longer and for the most part

naked. The penis-sheath has a row of teeth at the apical margin, the row ending

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 251

proximally with one or two larger teeth which correspond to the two teeth of

P. lefeburet.

The vaginal armature of the female is figured by us Z.c. as that of P. lefeburei.

We have mentioned the differences in these organs between P. incisa and P. lefeburei

above under the latter species.

We have P. incisa from Bahuru, Säo Paulo ; Sapucay, Paraguay ; Niväo, Matto

Grosso; and Calama, Rio Madeira, below Rio Machados, Amazonas, August—

October 1907 (W. Hoffmanns).

6. Protoparce andicola spec. nov.

$$. P.ineisae similis, abdomine supra magis nigrescente, lineis transversis

alarım anticaram multo melius expressis, linea postdiscali a costa ad marginem

posteriorem distincta, fascia obliqua nigra latiore, armatura copulatrice diversa.

Hab. Pera: Tinguri, Carabaya, 3400 ft., August 1904, and S. Domingo,

Carabaya, 6500 ft., August and October 1902 (G. R. Ockenden) ; Pozuzu, Hudnuco

(Sedlmayr); Chanchamayo. Ecuador: Zamora (O. T. Baron), and Macas.

Thirteen dd and one ?. Type from Tinguri.

This is presumably the representative of P. incisa in the Andes of South

America. But the differences are such as to render it advisable to treat andicola as

a distinct species until we receive sufficient evidence of their being local forms of

one species. It appears to us quite possible that andicola and ineisa occur side

by side, as do encisa and lefeburei.

P. andicola is darker than P. incisa, and nearly all the black markings are

either broader or more sharply developed. The black dorsal line of the abdomen is

broader than in P. ineisa, but less prominent on account of the darker tint of the

abdomen. The proximal half of the forewing, on the upperside, is on the whole

somewhat paler than the apical half, and bears three elbowed transverse lines,

which are more or less interrupted and only distinct in places ; beyond the disco-

cellulars there are three transverse lines, and farther distally a conspicuous post-

discal one composed of arcs and geminate spots. The brown colour of the under-

side is of a deeper tone than in P. éncisa. The spines of the first foretarsal

segment are shorter in P. andicola than in P. incisa.

The tenth segment of the male is like that of izeise. The harpe is smaller and

its apical process shorter. The penis-sheath has two teeth, as in P. lefeburei. The

seventh and eighth sternites of the female are nearly the same as in P. incisa ;

the niche in which the postvaginal tubercle is placed is wider than in P. ineisa.

7. Protoparce sesquiplex opima subsp. nov.

¢2. Multo magis virescens quam P. s. sesguiplex, alis anticis brevioribus

fortius fasciatis, thorace utrinque linea nigra notato.

Hab. Costa Rica: Tuis (type), Juan Vinas (W. Schaus), San José (©. Underwood),

Three dd and two % 2.

Very similar in colour to P. muscosa Roths. & Jord. (1903), which also occurs

in Costa Rica, but the upperside of the body and forewing much more greenish,

the forewing somewhat more elongate, the antenna of the ¢ thicker, the genitalia

similar to those of P. sesgwiplex, the thorax with a narrow black lateral line, and

the black submarginal band of the hindwing with a more even proximal edge.

Much darker than P. s. sesquiplex from Mexico, which is whitish grey above ;

252, NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

the forewing rather shorter, the two black median bands of the hindwing much

closer together, and the lines of the forewing more prominent. The tenth sternite

of the d narrower, the harpe distally much more rounded. In the $ the tubercle

behind the vaginal orifice smaller than in P. muscosa (the $ of P. s. sesquiplex is

not known).

8. Protoparce diffissa mesosa subsp. nov.

We have now a large series of specimens from Northern Argentina (Salta and

Tucuman). They differ markedly from the pale southern form P. d. difissa, which

is found in the province of Buenos Aires, and resemble in colour more or less

P.d. petuniae from South-Hastern Brazil and Paraguay. They represent an inter-

mediate race, which as such deserves a name, though it is not sharply separated

either from P. d. diffissa or P. d. petuniae.

The upperside of the body and forewing generally as dark as in P. d. petuniae,

but the forewing as a rule less russet.

The underside of the abdomen shaded with fuscous in nearly all specimens.

Intermediate between petuniae and difissa in size, but some of the specimens

larger than the smallest petuniae, and others smaller than the largest difissa.

Hab. Northern Argentina: Salta (type) and Tucuman, a series collected by

J. Steinbach.

9. Protoparce armatipes spec. nov.

32%. P. licheneae simillima, sat minor, tarso antico extus spinis longis armate

facile distinguenda.

Hab. North Argentina: Tucuman and between the rivers Burmejo and Pilco-

mayo (J. Steinbach). Four dd and one 9.

The first segment of the foretarsus bears four or five long spines on the outer

side, and the second segment one similar apical one. In colouring and markings

P. armatipes is almostly exactly like P. lichenea, but the basal area of the

hindwing, above, is more extended grey, there being a grey patch below the cell

extending from near the base to the inner black median band, this band being con-

sequently more prominent than in P. lichenea. The transverse lines of the forewing

are sharply dentate and strongly developed. ‘The genitalia of the d differ from

those of P. lichenea in the tenth tergite being slenderer and tapering more evenly,

and in the marginal teeth of the harpe being smaller.

Chlaenogramma undata R. & J. (1903) is similar in colouring and also has long

spines on the foretarsus ; but it bears two black longitudinal streaks on the disc of

the forewing, and has no comb at the base of the midtarsus.

10. Euryglottis guttiventris R. & J. (1903)

We described this insect as a subspecies of E. aper. But the material since

acquired proves it to occur from Colombia to Bolivia, while Z. aper is known to us

from Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. The ranges of the two insects,

therefore, being almost the same, guttiventris must be considered independent of

E. aper.

E. guttiventris differs from E. aper in the whitish marginal spots or borders of

the abdominal sternites being more distinct, in the pure black patches on the fore-

wing, above, being smaller in consequence of the development of a larger number of

transverse diffuse lines of raw umber-colour, in the creamy discal vein-streaks being

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. ? 253

less heavy, the upper two almost effaced, the grey discal line usually less promi-

nent and more dentate, and the lines following it on the distal side less developed

than in Z. aper, the proximal portions of the zigzag line more or less obsolete, the

admarginal line less distinct and the brown-black fringe-spots of both wings

larger and more sharply defined. Moreover, the forewing is a little narrower in

E. guttiventris, and its distal margin slightly less convex. The tenth tergite of the d

is longer and slenderer ; the hook of the harpe narrower, and the hook of the penis-

sheath broader.

11. Sphinx separatus melaena subsp. nov.

3 . Colore saturatiore a S. s. separato distincta.

Hab. Guerrero Mill, Hidalgo, Mexico, 9000 ft. (Mann & Skewes), six dd

received from B. Preston Clark; and Cuernavaca, Mexico, September 1904

(Dr. Gadow), one $.

The ground-colour deeper grey than in S. s. separatus, the black markings of

the forewing contrasting somewhat less with the ground, and the whole insect

appearing more black both above and below, the underside of the body being

especially dark-tinted.

S. istar R. & J. (1903) occurs in the same districts ; it is easily distinguished

from S. s. melaena by the pronotum not bearing two yellow spots and the fringe of

the hindwing being much more strongly spotted with black.

The species of Sphinx were dealt with in our “ Revision’

Hyloicus.

under the name of

12. Sphinx ligustri nisseni subsp. nov.

3. Alis auticis fascia grisea diffusa submarginali lata, posticis fascia nigra

media cellulae contigua.

Hab. Algeria: Hammam Meskoutine, April 22, 1914 (Dr. Nissen), one d.

This is the first Algerian specimen we have seen, and apparently the first ever

obtained in Algeria. It came to the camp near the quarry situated about two-thirds

of the way from the hotel to the subterranean lake.

The specimen resembles dark European examples. The clayish tone which

pervades the grey costal area of the forewing in Huropean specimens is absent; the

two grey submarginal lines situated on the distal side of the black submarginal line

are merged together; the first and second black bands of the hindwing are broad

and united from close to the cell to the abdominal margin, the median band touching

the cell-apex both above and below; the black submarginal band is broader than

the red discal band, and the blackish-grey marginal space is slightly broader than

in European examples.

The underside is rather darker than in average European individuals; the

diffuse black discal band, which in European examples is composed of two bands

united posteriorly, is uniformly black, not showing a separation into two bands.

The black median band of the hindwing is widened below M?, and the grey band

placed at its outer side is less conspicuous than in S. !. ligustri.

13. Amplypterus donysa dariensis subsp. nov.

Amplypterus donysa, Rothschild & Jord., Nov. Zool. ix. Suppl p. 185. no. 149 (1903) (pt. ; Chiriqui).

We have now four males from the Southern Faunal district of Central America,

three being from Costa Rica and one from Chiriqui. All four are distinguished by

254 : NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916,

the dark patch of the head in front of the antennae being more diffuse than in A. d.

donysa and contrasting less with the occiput, and by the grey marginal area on the

underside of the forewing being less sharply defined.—Type from Sitio, Costa Rica,

June (W. Schaus).

14. Oxyambulyx substrigilis wilemani subsp. nov.

Alis anticis macula costali subbasali notatis.

Hab. Philippine Islands: Manila, one ¢, September 9, 1912, and one ?,

July 12, 1912, collected by A. E. Wileman, who has kindly presented this pair to

the Tring Museum.

Both sexes have a distinct rounded subbasal costal spot on the forewing above,

which is not present in the other forms of O. substrigilis. The spot is larger in the

? than in the d. The marginal band of the forewing is somewhat broader before

. the middle than in the other races, and, on the wnderside, also more strongly

abbreviated posteriorly. The ventral process of the harpe of the ¢ is very broad.

15. Pseudoclanis grandidieri comorana subsp. nov.

3. Fascia nigra alarum posticarum e maculis ovatis plus minus contiguis

composita.

Hab. Comoro Islands: Grande Comoro (L. Hnmblot), one d in Mus. Tring

received from Monsieur Charles Oberthiir.

Forewing less falcate than in P. g. grandidieri, from Madagascar, with a row

of black submarginal dashes on the veins. Black band of hindwing more proximal,

being much narrower than the marginal area, incised between the veins, separated

into spots between costal margin and R?’. On the underside the grey marginal

area of the forewing less sharply defined below the apex than in P. g. grandidieri.

Upper apical process of harpe shorter than in P. g. grandidieri.

16. Leucophlebia afra Karsch (1891)

When writing our “ Revision” of the Sphingidae we had only five specimens of

this species in the Tring Museum ; now we have thirty-nine. A recent examination

of this material has revealed the two facts: (a) that there are several geographically

separated forms of Leucophlebia with black-banded abdomen, and (6) that L.

xzanthopis Hamps. (1910) is one of them.

We have no ? ?, and the British Museum possesses but one specimen of that

sex. The following remarks, therefore, refer to the male sex only.

The specimens from the various faunistic districts exhibit more or less con-

siderable differences in the antennae and genitalia, the individual variation being

slight as compared with the geographical variation. Our attempt to divide Z. afra

into its geographical components must be considered provisional. The specimens

on which we base these notes may represent more subspecies than we at present

think there are before us. But as we have only single specimens from several of

the localities, we advisedly abstain from going beyond the obvious lines of division,

a. L. afra edentata subsp. nov. (Text-figs. 5, 6)

Valvarum processus dorsalis magnus, harpa edentata.

Hab. Four dd from: Gambaga, Gold Coast (Dr. Bury), type; Lokoja,

Nigeria, October 1904 (D. Cator); Raja, Bahr-el-Ghazal, July—August 1911 (Dr.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 255

Malouf) ; Uvulu, Lado Enclave, August 1912. In the Brit. Mus. from Lorin

Nigeria.

The occiput cream-colour, sharply contrasting with the red frons. The basi-

(ie) ©

dorsal process of the clasper very large (pd, text-figs. 5, 6). The harpe (ha)

irregularly rounded at the apex or subtruncate, without distinct teeth comparable

to the teeth found in the other subspecies.

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256 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

In the type the branches of the antenna are shorter than the shaft is broad,

in the Lokoja specimen the longest branches are slightly longer than the shaft is

broad, and in the other two specimens the branches of the central segments are

decidedly longer, though not so long as in L. a. xanthopis.

6. L. afra xanthopis Hamps. (1910) (text-fig. 8)

Leucophlebia aanthopis Hampson, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1910, p. 461, pl. 39, fig. 15, & (S.E.

Katanga, Congo).

Valvarum processus dorsalis parvus, harpa dentata.

Hab. Katanga, south-east corner of Congo. In the Tring Museum six dd

from: Mpuapua, German East Africa (Dr. Baxter); Mohoroni, Nandi country,

July 1903 (F. J. Jackson): Mbale, near Mt. Elgon, April 1909; Mubande,

Buekulla, Uganda, March 1899 (Dr. Ansorge); Uganda.

The branches of the central segments of the antenna are much longer than the

shaft is broad. Frons and occiput contrast strongly. The creamy central stripe of

the forewing is broad and distally more or less strongly dentate on the veins. The

basi-dorsal process of the clasper is small, and the apical margin of the harpe

dentate in all the specimens (text-fig. 8, taken from type). The teeth of the

harpe, and the lobes of the basi-dorsal process are individually variable in number.

c. L. afra rosulenta subsp. nov.

Valvarum processus dorsalis parvus, harpa dentata ; antennae breviter pecti-

natae; caput fere unicolor.

Hab. Three dd from Moboro, German East Africa, May 1902.

The occiput and prothorax are pink, and contrast but little with the frons;

mesothorax also deeper pink than usual. The median stripe of the forewing pale

yellow, narrower than in zanthopis, not dentate distally, the stigma well within

the red costal stripe, not joined to the pale yellow central stripe. The pectinations

of the antenna short, those of the middle segments about as long as the shaft is

broad. The dorsal process of the valve, and the harpe as in wanthopis.

This is presumably the race of the coast districts and the Zambesi.

d. L. afra afra Karsch (1891) (text-fig. 7)

Leucophlebia afra Karsch, Ent. Nachr. 17. p. 12, pl. 1, fig. 1, & (1891), & 9, Mukenge, Kassai).

Valvarum processus dorsalis parvus, harpa bifurcata.

Hab. Old Calabar to Angola. In the Tring Museum twenty-six dd from:

Old Calabar; S. of Congo; Upper Congo (Bentley); Nana Meya, Muhumbua,

Mukenge and Bula Matenga, Angola, September 1903 (Dr. Ansorge); Lucalla,

Angola, November 1903 (Dr. Ansorge); Pungo Andongo, Angola, April 1875

(A. von Homeyer) ; Bihé, Angola.

Occiput and frons strongly contrasting in colour, with the exception of our

Bihé specimen. Pectinations of antenna medium, those of the central segments

varying from being a little shorter to being somewhat longer than the shaft is

wide. The pale yellow median stripe of the forewing usually about twice as wide

in the middle as the posterior red stripe at the hind angle, rarely slightly dentate

on the veins distally; the stigma usually not entirely enclosed in the red costal

stripe. The two lobes of the anal sternite narrower than in the other subspecies

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 257

(cf. Revision, pl. 24, fig. 5). The dorsal process of the valve (text-fig. 7, pd)

slightly smaller than in xanthopis; the harpe (ha) always with two long teeth at

the apex, and usually with several small ones along the ventral margin.

17. Leucophlebia neumanni Roths. & Jord. (1903)

This species has a uniformly red abdomen. The d is not yet known. Since

describing the species from two $ ? we have received a third ?, from the Blue

Nile, collected by Mr. Gorringe. This specimen is somewhat smaller (length of

forewing : 29'5 mm.), and the yellow central stripe of the forewing is broader.

18. Polyptychus assimilis R. & J. (1903) (text-fig. 9)

Polyptychus grayi assimilis Rothschild & Jord., Nov. Zool. ix. Suppl, p. 242. no. 197. b (1903).

We described assimilis from a female in the Berlin Museum which was

found at Rietfontein in German South-West Africa, and also placed under this

Fie, 9.—Harpe of Polyptychus assimilis.

name a second female contained in the Staudinger collection, from Bechuanaland.

The structure of the genital armature was not examined.

We have since received a male from Tsumeb, German South-West Africa,

which is evidently the same species as the above females. The genitalia being

more different from those of P. grayi than one would expect them to be, if assimilis

were a subspecies of P. grayi, we now consider assimilis to be a separate species.

P. assimilis is ashy grey, without the clayish tone which is usually so pro-

nounced in P. grayi, especially in the female. The forewing is narrower than in

P. grayi, but the hind angle more produced; the blackish limbal area also is

narrower. The subbasal dot, which is large in the male and small in the female of

assimilis, is very variable in P. grayi, being in this species sometimes large,

sometimes small, and either simple or double.

The tenth tergite is almost the same as in P. grayi, ending in two small sharp

points. The harpe of the claspers is forked at the apex, the one long apical process

found in P. grayi being replaced by two short processes (text-fig. 9).

In P. digitatus Karsch (1891), another species closely allied to P. gray, the

harpe ends in a long linear process, which is hairy on the upperside and obliquely

truncate-acuminate at the apex.

258 NovITATus ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916,

19. Polyptychus consimilis R. & J. (1903)

We described this species from a male in the British Museum, obtained on the

Atbara R., and we placed here also a somewhat different second male from Konakry

Island, in the Paris Museum. We have now examined four more examples, all

males. These six specimens known to us represent three geographical varieties,

which differ from one another especially in the organs of copulation. The female

is still unknown.

a. P. consimilis consimilis R. & J. (1903)

3. The forewing, above, has a clayish clond at the distal margin almost

extending to the outer discal line ; the cloud is rounded proximally, being widest

in front of the centre of the distal margin. The tenth tergite is very slender.

The dorsal process of the clasper is straight, and very little curved inward (ef.

Revision of Sphingidae, p. 250); the dorsal margin of the clasper not distinctly

widened.

Hab. Atbara R., in Mus. Brit.

b. P. consimilis ancylus subsp. nov. (text-figs. 10, 11)

Polyptychus consimilis Rothschild & Jord, Nov. Zool. ix, Suppl. p. 251 (1903) (Konakry).

d. The clayish limbal cloud described above is absent. The tenth tergite is

broader than in P. ce. consimilis; the dorsal process P! of the clasper longer and so

strongly curved inward that it almost stands at right angles to the plane of the

clasper (text.-fig. 10, lateral view, and text-fig. 11, dorsal view) ; the ventral process

P? is narrower than in consimilis, and the dorsal margin of the clasper is strongly

dilated (L).

Hab. Gambaga, Gold Coast, type in Mus. Tring, and Konakry I., Mus. Paris.

c. P. consimilis prionites subsp. nov. (text-fig. 12)

d. The lines of the wings on the whole rather more sharply marked than in

both previous subspecies, and the proximal discal line of the forewing rather less

strongly curved in S-shape ; no limbal clayish patch. The tenth tergite is slender

as in P.c. consimilis. The dorsal process P! of the clasper (text-fig. 12) even

longer than in P. c.ancylus, very strongly curved inward and conspicuously dentate;

the ventral process P? narrower than in P. c. ancylus and less chitinised ; the

dorsal margin of the clasper very moderately widened (L).

Hab. Upper Chari R., Lake Tchad, type in Mus. Tring; also a male from

Jebba, Niger, in Mus. Brit.

20. Polyptychus calcareus R. & J. (1907)

Described from a discoloured d from Masasi, German East Africa, close to the

Portuguese frontier. A ? in the Tring Museum, from Mlanje, Nyasaland, March 17,

1913, evidently belongs to this species. It agrees in colour with P. neavi Hamps.

(1910), except in there being hardly a trace of a fuscous median band on the fore-

wing, and in the cilia of both wings being fuscons instead of red.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916, 259

Fic. 10.—Clasper of Polyptychus consimilis ancylus, from Gambaga.

ww .11.— 5 ns » » dorsal view.

12.— i s ns prionitis, from Upper Chari R.

”

21. Polyptychus neavi Hamps. (1910)

Polyptychus martha Closs, Intern. Ent, Zeits. Guben 5. p. 50. no. 1 (1911); id., Berl. Ent.

Zeits. 1911. p. 121. pl. 4, &.

Both neavi and martha were described from a made, not from a female as stated

in the original descriptions.

260 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916,

22. Polyptychus rosea Druce (1882)

We have compared about twenty specimens of this species. All of them have

a subbasal dot on the forewing. In Oberthiir’s P. rosea var. meloui (1914) this

spot is said to be absent.

23. Polyptychus reussi Strand (1911)

The good description of this species applies so well to females of P. coryndoni

(1903) in the British and Tring Museums that we doubt reuss? being a distinct

species. None of the coryndoni females, however, have the costal margin of the

forewing below dark red, which it is said to be in reuss?.

24. Polyptychus numosae Wallengr. (1860)

The specimens which have recently come to hand render it almost certain that

numosae is the southern subspecies of a more widely distributed species. P.

Jumosus R. & J. (1903) is another subspecies, and a third, new, subspecies is

described below. The three subspecies are all very much alike in colour and

pattern, but the male-genitalia present very marked differences in those two

subspecies of which the males are known.

a. P. numosae numosae Wallengr. (1860)

P. mimosae Wallengr. (1865) ; P. cytis Druce (1882) ; P. consanguineus Dist. (1899).

The body and wings are distinctly pink. Only the female is known.

Hab. Caffraria and Transvaal.

6. P. numosae fumosus R. & J. (1903) (text-fig. 13)

P. fumosus pelops Fawe. (1915).

The hindwing and abdomen of the type-specimen are somewhat greasy ; our

figure of the specimen (Revision, pl. 2. fig. 10 3), therefore, is too dark, the clayish

tone which is actually present in the specimen not being apparent in the figure.

Mr. W. Feather has obtained a number of specimens of fumosus in British Hast

Africa, at Masongaleni and Kedai, of which two dd and three ? ? are now in the

Tring Museum. These dd agree in colour and structure with the type of fumosus,

two of the 2 ? being rather more buff, especially on the hindwing. The harpe of

the dis characterised by ending in a curved hook, proximally to which there is

a large tooth (text-fig. 13). The type of fumosus came from Dar-es-Salaam, not

from the Ruwenzori Mts. as stated by Lt.-Col. Fawcett.

Hab. German and British East Africa.

c. P. numosae hesperus subsp. nov. (text-fig. 14)

Greyer than fumosus, with a very slight pink tint in the d, the underside

especially being paler than in fumosus; the discal line of the forewing rather less

oblique than in P. n. numosae.

Harpe of ¢ ending in two pointed processes of nearly the same size (text-

fig. 14).

Hab. Tsumeb, German South-West Africa, one d (type) and two 2% ?; also

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 261

Fort Quilenges, Benguella, January 1904 (Dr. Ansorge), one d. In the Brit. Mus.

a d from the Upper Loangwa Valley, North-East Rhodesia, 1000-2000 ft., March

1908 (8. A. Neave).

Fıg. 13.—Harpe of Polyptychus numosae fumosus, from British East Africa.

» 14.— = i 5 hesperus, from Tsumeb.

Genus Likoma R. & J. (1903)

Our diagnosis of this genus requires amending. We said that the paronychium

was absent. This statement is not correct. The type-species has a very slender

lobe at each side, and the second species we have placed since in Likoma, L. crenata

R. & J. (1907), has two such lobes at each side.

Likoma differs from Marumba Moore (1881) in the slenderer tarsi and narrower

paronychial lobes.

The $ of Likoma apicalis R. & J. (1903) is represented in the British Museum

by a specimen from Neugia, British East Africa (R. Crawshay). The specimen is

larger than the dd‘, brighter red, with broader wings; the apical patch of the

forewing and the anal one of the hindwing are paler than in the d, and the two

spots placed near the hind angle of the forewing are small.

The ? of Lekoma crenata R. & J. (1907) also is larger than the 3, and slightly

darker. There is a specimen of this sex from the Juba R., British Hast Africa

(C. L. Chevallier) in the Brit. Mus.

25. Ceridia mira R. & J. (1903).

Lt.-Col. Fawcett, in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1915. 1. p. 107. no. 90, says that

the 2 found by Mr. Feather was the first seen by Lord Rothschild. The species,

however, was described by us from three dd and one ?, as stated in the Revision,

p. 287.

262 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

26. Nephele vespera Fawe. (1915).

This is the same as Nephele xylina R. & J. (1910).

27. Temnorä erato Fawc. (1915).

This is Poliodes roseicornis R. & J. (1903), pl. 1. fig. 7 of the Revision.

28. Hippotion dexippus Fawc. (1915).

The type is in the Tring Museum, kindly presented_by W. Feather. The

specimen differs from ZH. rosae Butl. (1882) in its inferior size, in the antennae not

being pink, and the hindwing being somewhat more buffish and having a more

distinct blackish marginal band.

The only dd of H. rosae we have came from Tsumeb in German South-West

Africa. We have taken out the d-organs of one of them, and find that the tenth

tergite is broad at the base and very strongly narrowed to the apex in rosae, while

in dexippus this tergite is nearly the same in width from near the base to the apex,

being almost twice as broad as the narrow apical portion of rosae. The harpe of

dexippus is acuminate, whereas in rosae it is slightly spatulate. The penis-sheath

is practically the same in rosae and dexippus, the apical margin being incrassate,

forming a half-ring which ends at both sides in a dentate process, the left process

being broader than the right one and bearing teeth only at and near the apex, the

dentition of the right process being continued behind the apical margin by a row of

small teeth.

Whether these differences are individual, subspecific or specific it is hardly

possible to say before more specimens have come to hand. Our only example of

rosae from Somaliland has pink antennae, which points to the type of dexippus

being either an aberrant specimen of rosae or representing a distinct species. We

incline towards the second alternative, and, at any rate for the present, shall treat

dexippus as distinct.

29. Hippotion exclamationis Fawe. (1915).

Lt.-Col. Fawcett differentiates this species from H. roseipennis Butl. (1882)

by some details in colour and markings. Our series of specimens of MH. roseipennis,

from Delagoa Bay, Nyasaland, German and British East Africa and Unyoro, con-

vinces us that the specimen upon which exclamationis is based belongs to rosecpennis.

30. Pergesa diyllus Fawe. (1915).

Hippotion diyllus Faweett, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1915. p. 109. no, 101. pl. 2. fig. 23.

This is a most interesting species. It is closely allied to, if not the same as,

Pergesa socotrensis Rebel (1899). The type of diyllus, now in the Tring Museum,

has been very badly damaged in the post; we have stuck the pieces together as

well as we could with the help of small bristles, and we hope that the specimen

will prove good enough for identification purposes. It looks as if it were a faded

socotrensis, with some of the costal markings of the forewing absent or vestigial.

In Fawcett’s figure the thorax and base of the abdomen are not broad enough, and

the hindwing is too warmly coloured with the marginal band too prominent.

It is advisable to treat, for the present, diyllus as a distinct species near

Pergesa socotrensis.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 263

31. Theretra rhesus Boisd. (1875)

We have twenty-six specimens which we refer to this species. But we are

very uncertain about the number of subspecies they represent. We have no

examples from the Philippines, whence resus was originally described, nor from

the Moluccas, and our two specimens from the Solomon Islands are not in good

condition. Under such circumstances we abstain from naming any of the sub-

species which appear to stand out among our material. We must, however, revive

a name we sank into synonymy in the Revision. The specimens from the greater

Sunda Islands and Philippines have the abdomen and wings more strongly striped

than those from the islands farther east, and the underside of both wings and body

is on the whole more pink. The eastern race is Th. rhesus insularis Swinh. (1892).

The name was originally based on a ? from Ceram and a d from Key. Both

specimens are designated “type” by Swinhoe ; we select the Ceram example as the

type. Provisionally the specimens of all the localities from the Moluccas to the

Solomons may be placed under insularis.

32. Theretra radiosa spec. nov.

Theretra rhesus Rothschild & Jord. (nec Boisd. 1875, err. determ.), Nov. Zool. ix. Suppl. p. 766.

no. 718 (1903) (partim ; Fergusson).

3%. Simillima speciei a celeberrimo Boisduval rhesus appellatae. Abdomine

fortiter striato, sed absque linea dorsali mediana ; alarum anticarum linea quarta

lata ad marginem posticum cum macula basali nigra coniuncta.

Hab. A series from: Goodenough Island, 2500-4000 ft., May 1912 (A. S.

Meek), type; Fergusson, November 1904 (A. S. Meek); Biagi, Mambaré R.,

British North-east New Guinea, 5000 ft., April 1906 (A. S. Meek); Ekeikei, British

New Guinea, 1500 ft., March to April 1903 (A. E. Pratt); Mafulu, British New

Guinea, 6000 ft., September 1903 (A. E. Pratt); Mt. Goliath, Dutch South New

Guinea, 5000-7000 ft., January and February 1911 (A. S. Meek); Ninay Valley,

Arfak Mts., 3500 ft., November 1908 to January 1909.

The two dorsal lines of the abdomen are strongly marked, but there is no

trace of a median line between them, as is the case in Th. rhesus; the basal

greenish black lateral patch of the abdomen prolonged into a broad stripe, which

reaches at least to the fourth segment.

Forewing, upperside: costal edge pale, a broadish diffuse costal stripe the

colour of the discal lines; these lines as in 7%. rhesus, but the fourth, which is very

broad, more oblique, reaching the hindmargin a little more proximally and being

continued to the base by a hindmarginal streak, which is anteriorly bordered by a

pale line ; black basal patch smaller than in 7%. rhesus.

Underside of wings and body more pink than in eastern specimens of Th.

rhesus ; the postdiscal black vein-dots of both wings strongly marked.

We cannot find any difference in structure between Th. radiosa, rhesus,

boisduvali and elotho.

264 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916,

SOME NEW ARCTIADAE.

By LORD ROTHSCHILD, F.R.S., Px.D.

NOLINAE

1. Roeselia dognini spec. nov.

d. Resembles closely divisa Schaus, but outer half of forewing is grey, not

black. Antennae greyish amber-brown; head and thorax amber-buff; abdomen

somewhat. paler.

Forewing : basal half amber-buff, with costal portion and a broad convex outer

marginal band chocolate rufous; outer half greyish silver, a double waved and

crenulated postmedian line sooty black, a very strongly convex waved and erenul-

ated postdiscal line sooty black, four black streaks in costal area, and dark grey

streaks on pale grey fringe.

Hindwing butfish grey-white satiny ; fringe and outer margin grey, a cellular

dot and postmedian shadow line also greyish.

Length of forewing: 12% mm. Expanse: 28 mm.

Hab. Cation de Tolima, 1700 metres = 5500 ft., Colombia, December 1909

(A. H. Fassl).

2. Roeselia minuscula pura subsp. nov.

3. Differs from m. minuscula Zell. in the ground-colour being more silvery

grey, less heavily marked with black, and has the dark costal patch more prominent.

Hab. Cation de Tolima, 1700 metres = 5500 ft., Colombia, February 1910

(A. H. Fassl).

LITHOSIANAE

3. Nodozana subandroconiata spec. nov.

3. Antennae, head, tegulae, and patagia amber-yellow ; thorax and abdomen

cinnamon greyish buff, blackish marks on third and last segment and claspers

of abdomen.

Forewings have a much-crumpled appearance owing to the large and weirdly-

shaped androconial patch on the underside ; buffish golden-yellow, the basal four-

fifths marked with pale brownish mauve.

Hindwings buff.

Underside uniform dark buff; the central third of forewing occupied by a

large membranous deeply corrugated and irregular androconial organ sparingly

clothed with androconial hairs ; costal half of this organ dark dull brown, inner

half dark buff, a dense felted androconial tuft at and on discocellulars.

Length of forewing: 11 mm. Expanse: 25 mm.

Hab. Canon de Tolima, 1700 metres = 5500 ft., Colombia, January 1910

(A. H. Fassl).

4. Illice introbasalis spec. nov.

?. Antennae, head, and thorax dark bronze grey, tips of patagia cream buff;

abdomen reddish salmon-colour.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 265

Forewing bronze grey; a patch of cream buff from base for two-fifths length

of wing below median vein to inner margin, a narrow reddish-pink line on it at

inner margin; a median band of cream buff with inner edge concave, outer edge

straight.

Hindwing : basal three-fourths pale rose-pink, outer fourth bronze grey.

Length of forewing: 6°5 mm. Expanse: 14 mm.

Hab. Manaos, River Amazon.

ARCTIANAE

5. Prumala subtessellata spec. nov.

3. Differs from tessellata Schaus by its black hindwings, by the green not

black centre to the thorax, and the black patagia edged with green on the outside,

these patagia being green edged with black in tessellata.

Length of forewing: 20 mm. Expanse: 46 mm.

Hab. Las Quiguas, near San Esteban, Venezuela (8S. M. Klages).

6. Prumala tolimensis spec. nov.

6. Antennal shaft grey-brown, pectinations very long and less greyish; head

orange golden, mixed with crimson near eyes ; thorax orange golden, mixed with

crimson scarlet in one d, while in the second d the whole thorax, except the

tegulae and shoulders, is deep maroon crimson; abdomen orange golden, much

mixed with crimson.

Forewing golden yellow ; basal two-fifths obliquely sooty purple except costa,

which is golden yellow with a scarlet splash; inside this dark area are two golden

oblong spots ringed with scarlet, and it is outwardly edged with scarlet ; from the

dark basal area about the centre of vein 2 there runs up to the costa a broad band

of sooty purple produced in a blunt broad tooth towards termen along and above

vein 5; within the band are scarlet nervular streaks as well as towards termen ;

along and below costa some scarlet dots and one at tornus; some dots in and

around cell and a subterminal row of similar dots purplish grey.

Hindwing golden buff, washed with pale crimson on inner half.

Length of forewing: 23 mm. Expanse : 52 mm.

Hab. Monte Tolima, 3500 metres = 11,400 ft., Colombia, February 1910

(A. H. Fassl).

7. Amaxia peruana spec. nov.

?. Antennae black-brown, anterior fifth of shaft and pectinations yellowish

grey; head golden yellow, a black spot on vertex ; thorax golden yellow, centre of

patagia, metathorax, and patch near juncture of abdomen brownish plum-purple ;

abdomen crimson, with some indistinct yellow marks.

Forewing golden yellow ; four patches in basal area greyish purple ringed with

black and narrowly with scarlet; an antemedian highly irregular oblique band

narrow at costa but widening to three-fifths of wing on inner margin, greyish purple

edged brokenly with black and scarlet, two spots within this band yellow and

scarlet, and nervures mostly scarlet ; a similar band beyond the basal two-thirds of

wing from costa to above vein 4, a terminal and subterminal row, and a number

of discal spots dull greyish purple.

266 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

Hindwing yellowish buff suffused with pink.

Length of forewing: 19 mm. Expanse: 43 mm.

Hab. Sto Domingo, Carabaya, 6000 ft., S.E. Peru, January 1903 (G. Ockenden).

8. Paranerita metapyrioides spec. nov.

3. Differs from metapyria Dogn. in the outside edges of the oblique basal

three-fifths of the forewing, the edges of the subapical patch and middle third

of costa being golden yellow, not deep orange, and the hindwings being buffish

golden not fiery orange.

Length of forewing: 21 mm. Expanse: 46:5 mm.

Hab. Muzo, Rio Cantinero, 400 metres = 1300 ft., Colombia (A. H. Fass).

9. Automolis schausi spec. nov.

?. Differs from essa Schaus in the much darker cream-yellow not cream-

white colour of the wings, in the black spots on the tegulae, in the black spot on

the front of the thorax, in the two rows of lateral black spots on the abdomen, and

in the white spot on the third segment of the abdomen.

Length of forewing: 29 mm. Expanse: 65 mm.

Hab. Sita, Costa Rica (W. Schaus).

10. Automolis sordidipennis spec. nov.

?. Allied to ventralis Schaus.

Pectus orange ; antennae black; head and thorax black, tegulae and patagia

cream-coloured, narrowly edged with black ; abdomen black, anal segment orange,

with the dorsal portion of basal third black.

Forewing dirty mouse-grey ; nervures brown-grey ; base suffused with grey-

black.

Hindwing purer grey, disc of wing more whitish, nervures only slightly darker.

Length of forewing: 28 mm. Expanse: 63 mm.

Hab. Las Quiguas, near San Esteban, Venezuela (S. M. Klages).

11. Automolis fulminans spec. nov.

?. Allied to fammans, subflammans, and perflammans, but nearest to the last

in depth of colour.

Pectus, head and thorax orange scarlet, black dots edged with white on

tegulae, shoulders of patagia and two spots on metathorax white; abdomen, ‘basal

half crimson, anal half reddish orange.

Forewing rufous cinnamon suffused all over with crimson; nervures brighter

crimson, in basal fourth above vein 1 the nervures and interspaces streaked

alternately with deep crimson and dirty white; in basal half of wing a spot at base,

three above vein 1, two larger and two smaller below vein 1, two large spots in cell,

and three on costal area pure white; beyond the cell between veins 4 and 7 is a

large irregular, almost semivitreous, white patch containing in it eight crimson

dots, this patch is much smaller than in the three allied species; fringe and costal

edge brick-red.

Hindwing rose-crimson or deep salmon-red, veins darker.

Length of forewing: 33 mm. Expanse: 75 mm.

Hab. South Brazil.

NovITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 267

12. Automolis catharinae spec. nov.

3. This species is intermediate between diluta Feld. and rectiradia Hmpsn.

Palpi and frons brown ; antennae black ; head and tegulae cream yellow, the latter

brown on inward two-fifths, thus forming large brown median patch ; thorax black-

brown, patagia bright pink edged with yellow ; abdomen black-brown.

Forewing with deep black-brown basal patch, paler brown along the oblique

outer edge ; costal area from apex to basal patch broadly creamy yellow, from which

runs a wedge-like antemedian band to inner margin where it is narrowest ; this

antemedian band is contiguous to outer edge of basal patch ; a longitudinal some-

what oblique cinnamon-brown line starting from basal patch and crossing the

antemedian line runs along median nervure, and vein 4 reaches termen at vein 6;

rest of wing umber-brown washed strongly with grey.

Hindwing : base and part of cellular discal area almost semihyaline whitish

cream, rest umber-brown washed with grey.

Length of forewing: 22:5 mm. Expanse : 52 mm.

Hab. Sta Catharina, Brazil.

13. Baritius palmeri spec. nov.

3. Pectus and forecoxae crimson scarlet; antennae, head, and thorax deep

black with a satiny sheen which has a brownish plum-purple gloss; abdomen deep

velvety black, anal tuft and outer half of anal segment bright yellow, on the sides

are traces of red hairs in the same position as the lateral stripes in B. superba

Schaus, a patch of yellow hair at base of abdomen on the underside.

forewing leaden grey-black glossed with brownish plum-purple, a slight ante-

median band, a heavy median band, and a postmedian broken band of three patches

deeper black.

Hindwing : hyaline white, nervures black, apex and tornus very widely black,

rest of termen narrowly black.

Length of forewing: 235 mm. Expanse: 53 mm.

Hab. San Antonio, W. Colombia, 5800 ft. December 1907 (M. G. Palmer).

14. Ischnocampa tolimensis spec. nov.

3. Antennae bronze-brown; head pale wood-brown ; thorax deep chocolate-

brown, portion at juncture with abdomen pale wood-brown; abdomen dark sooty

brown.

Forewing almost hyaline pale grey; costal area, termen, nervures, and all

below vein 1 bronzy brown-grey ; some scattered spots on nervures, termen, costa

and inner margin chocolate-brown.

Hindwing almost hyaline pale grey, costa and termen very narrowly darker

grey.

Length of forewing: 175 mm. Expanse : 39 mm.

Hab. Monte Tolima, 3200 metres = 10,400 ft., Colombia, January 1916 (A. H.

Fass).

15. Opharus albijuncta spec. nov.

3. Palpi, antennae, and frons liver-brown, vertex white; thorax liver-brown,

patch near juncture with abdomen white; abdomen pale liver-brown.

Forewing pale liver-brown densely irrorated with darker brown specks.

268 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAH XXIII. 1916.

Hindwing semihyaline pale liver-brown irrorated with dark brown specks,

more densely on outer half of wings.

Length of forewing : 26 mm. Expanse : 565 mm.

Hab. Monte Tolima, 3200 metres = 10,400 ft., Colombia, January 1910 (A. H.

Fass]. )

16. Opharus colombiana spec. nov.

?. Palpi dark brown; antennae and head wood-brown ; thorax wood-brown

with three lateral black dots; abdomen yellow with transverse black bands, basal

half clothed with long paler wood-brown hairs,

Forewing wood-brown, veins darker brown; a shadowy darker discocellular bar.

Hindwing paler semihyaline wood-brown.

Length of forewing: 29 mm. Expanse: 64 mm.

Hab. Caüon de Tolima, 1700 metres = 5500 ft., Colombia, March 1910 (A. H.

Fass).

17. Opharus aureopuncta spec. nov.

d. Antennae, head, and thorax dark mummy-brown ; palpi with pale yellow

patches ; head and thorax mixed with a few yellow hairs; abdomen, basal two-

thirds mummy brown, apical third crimson with three dorsal black dots.

Forewing dark mummy-brown densely sprinkled with pale yellow dots; along

costa five larger spots, two subterminal rows of spots, an irregularly scattered

number of discal spots, and the fringe-chequers also pale yellow.

Hindwing : basal two-thirds semihyaline greyish buff, with a large arrow-

shaped mummy-brown patch under costa; outer third mummy-brown dotted with

minute pale yellow dots and one larger dot above vein 5; abdominal area to

vein 2 clothed with long pale pink hairs among which are a few grey ones. A

second ¢ has the larger pale yellow spots in forewing much reduced in size and

number.

Length of forewing: 26 mm. Expanse: 58 mm.

Hab. Monte Tolima, 2700 metres = 8800 ft., Colombia, February 1910 (A. H.

Fassl).

18. Opharus irregularis spec. nov.

?. Palpi orange ; a black streak on outside of second, and a black spot on

third segment; antennae amber-brown ; head cream-colour, frons mixed with a

few black hairs, vertex with black spot ; thorax cream-colour, three washed-out

yellowish brown smears on patagia; abdomen cream-colour, basal two-thirds

clothed with long brownish cream hairs.

Forewing gallstone yellowish brown, divided into eleven transverse highly

irregular and serpentine bands by five transverse bands of cream-colour; the six

resulting gallstone yellowish brown bands are in places suffused with darker, more

iiver-brown.

Hindwing : basal two-thirds semihyaline cream-white, outer third dirty pale

wood-grey, with a semihyaline subterminal line ; abdominal area to vein 2 clothed

with long rough cream-coloured hair.

Length of forewing: 32? mm. Expanse: 71 mm.

Hab. Monte Tolima, 3200 metres = 10,400 ft., February 1910, Colombia (A.

H. Fassl).

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 269

19. Hemihyalea lehmanni spec. nov.

?. Antennae yellowish einnamon-brown ; head frons cinnamon-buff; vertex

yellowish cinnamon-brown ; thorax and abdomen yellowish cinnamon-brown ; anal

segment grey, anal tuft buff.

Forewing semihyaline pale rusty yellowish cinnamon-brown, almost com-

pletely clothed with scales on costal and inner areas and terminal fourth of wing.

Hindwing semihyaline brownish cinnamon-yellow.

Length of forewing : 35 mm. Expanse : 79 mm.

Hab. Popayan, Colombia (Lehmann).

20. Hemihyalea ferreobrunnea spec. nov.

3. Forelegs cream-buff; palpi rusty chocolate, cream at tips; head, frons

cream, vertex rusty cinnamon-chocolate ; antennal shaft grey, long pectinations

cinnamon-chocolate ; thorax cinnamon-chocolate ; abdomen pale cinnamon-choco-

late ; last four segments dark sooty-brown with lateral grey spots, claspers cinna-

mon-buff.

Forewing: basal, costal and inner areas and terminal fourth of wing rusty

cinnamon-chocolate; whole disk hyaline very slightly powdered with rusty

cinnamon-chocolate scales; nervures rusty cinnamon-chocolate.

Hindwing almost hyaline, abdominal and terminal areas and nervures pale

cinnamon yellowish brown.

?. Differs in the abdomen being almost as dark as thorax, and only the last

two segments are pale grey, not as in ¢ the four last sooty-brown.

Length of forewing: d,36mm.; 2,35mm. Expanse: ¢,80mm; ?,77mm.

Hab. Monte Tolima, 2800-3200 metres = 9100-10,400 ft., Jannary—February

1910, Colombia (A. H. Fassl).

21. Hemihyalea subtenuimargo spec. nov.

3. Closely allied to tenuimargo Dogn. Forelegs cream-white in front; head,

frons cream-buff, vertex maroon; antennae brown; thorax maroon, collar and

shoulders cream-buff; abdomen rosy carmine.

Forewing hyaline, slightly obscured here and there by a few brown scales ;

basal, costal and inner areas golden brown ; terminal area deep brown.

Hindwing hyaline, terminal margin pale grey-brown, abdominal area clothed

with satiny buffy yellow hairs.

Length of forewing: 34mm. Expanse 75 mm.

Hab. Monte Tolima, 3500-3800 metres = 11,300-12,400 ft., February 1910.

Colombia (A. H. Fassl).

22. Amastus watkinsi spec. nov.

?. Pectus orange; palpi orange with two black spots ; head black, white, and

orange ; antennae black, thorax orange; tegulae, front half white, hinder half orange

edged with black ; patagia white, centre orange edged with black ; abdomen orange

yellow, a lateral band of white above and below which runs a series of black spots,

those above with white, those below with orange centres.

Forewing semihyaline cream-white, strongly suffused with cinnamon on basal

half of inner area and terminal fourth of wing, nervures black; an orange spot

at base, a broad antemedian band preceded closely by a narrow one, together one-

270 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII, 1916;

fifth of breadth of wing, sooty brown ; an irregular broad postmedian band followed

by three crenulate waved lines all sooty brown.

Hindwing semihyaline, buffish white, veins and part of termen grey.

Length of forewing: 32mm. Expanse: 71 mm.

Hab. Uruhuasi, 8. Peru, 7000 ft., April—May 1910 (H. and ©. Watkins).

23. Amastus tolimensis spec. nov.

?. Head, antennae, palpi, pectus, and thorax umber-brown ; abdomen slightly

paler and basal half clothed with yellowish umber-brown hairs.

Forewing semihyaline cinnamon rufous brown, outer third of wing dark

semihyaline chocolate with a band of cinnamon rufous traversing it, discocellular

bar and patch below median nervure also semihyaline chocolate.

Hindwing semihyaline yellowish cinnamon, terminal line and dense hair of

abdominal area yellowish cinnamon brown.

Length of forewing: 38 mm. Expanse: 83 mm.

Hab. Monte Tolima, 2800 metres = 10,750 ft., February 1910, Colombia,

(A. H. Fassl).

24. Amastus debilis spec. nov.

?. Palpi outside crimson tipped with testaceous cinnamon; antennae, basal

third dirty grey, apical two-thirds amber brown; head and thorax testaceous

cinnamon ; abdomen greyish cinnamon; edge of anal segment buff.

Forewing hyaline; costal, and inner area below vein 1, basal area and fringe

yellowish testaceous cinnamon, subterminal area thinly scaled with brown scales.

Hindwing hyaline ; basal, costal, and terminal areas yellowish testaceous cinna-

mon, abdominal area clothed somewhat sparsely with silky yellowish cinnamon hairs.

Length of forewing: 29-32 mm. Expanse : 65-79 mm.

Hab, Merida, Venezuela (Briceno).

25. Amastus vitreata spec. nov.

?. Palpi sooty chocolate-brown; antennae umber-brown; basal third of

shaft sooty black ; peetus, head, and thorax dirty milk-white; patagia with dull

orange median band; abdomen pale leaden grey ; basal three-fourths clothed with

long greyish cream hairs, anal ring white.

Fore- and hindwing hyaline, costal, inner and terminal edges cream-buff in

forewing, cream-white in hindwing, abdominal area of hindwing with creamy white

hairs and scales.

Length of forewing: 32 mm. Expanse: 72 mm.

Hab. Monte Tolima, 3200 metres = 10,400 ft., Colombia, January 1910

(A. H. Fassl).

26. Halisidota tolimensis spec. nov.

3. Palpi chocolate sooty brown; head milk-white; antennae dark brown ;

thorax cinnamon-brown ; abdomen brownish cinnamon-grey, basal two-thirds clothed

with long pale cinnamon-brown hairs, claspers pale cinnamon-brown.

Forewing: basal two-thirds between vein 1 and subcostal nervure almost

hyaline white, rest of wing yellow, thickly but unevenly powdered with single

brown scales, discocellulars brown.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 271

Hindwing semihyaline pale sulphur yellow, much more thickly scaled on outer

third of wing.

?. Similar, but thorax darker, basal two-thirds of forewing not even quite

semihyaline, and abdomen glossy black, ringed with grey and practically without

scales on anal half and clothed on dorsal part of basal half with long dark brown

hairs.

Length of forewing : ¢ 33-85°5mm.; ? 35-36 mm. Expanse: d 75-80 mm. ;

? 78-80 mm.

Hab. Monte Tolima, 3200-3500 metres = 10,400-11,375 ft., Colombia,

January— February 1910 (A. H. Fassl).

27. Halisidota cirphoides spec. nov.

d. Palpi brown ; antennae amber-brown ; head and thorax dark golden buff,

patagia suffused with pale brown ; abdomen brownish golden buff.

Forewing straw-yellow, veins darker ; a shadowy violet grey-brown somewhat

broken line from base through middle of cell to vein 6 before subterminal row of

dots, where it is abruptly angled upwards and proceeds to apex as a wide brown

band, a subterminal row of shadow dots leaden grey, termen brown.

Hindwing satiny semihyaline buff.

Length of forewing: 22:5 mm. Expanse: 51 mm.

Hab. Monte Tolima, 3800 metres = 12,300 ft., Colombia, February 1910

(A. H. Fassl.).

28. Diacrisia decemmaculata spec. nov.

3. Pectus golden; palpi yellow with black tips; antennae testaceous buff;

head golden yellow ; thorax buffish grey; tegulae golden, a black spot on the

patagia ; abdomen buffish golden, two basal segments buffish grey.

Forewing grey, a black spot at end of cell and a somewhat smaller one

above vein 4.

Hindwing more thinly scaled greyish white, a black spot at end of cell and a

minute black dot above vein 5; a similar dot is present on the underside below

vein 2, but only faintly shows through above ; buff hairs in abdominal area.

Length of forewing: 16 mm. Expanse: 36 mm.

Hab. Ubanghi River, Congo Free State.

29. Estigmene stygioides spec. nov.

3. Antennal shaft dark brown, long pectinations black ; head orange ; thorax

cinnamon orange-brown ; abdomen orange ringed with black, black patch on anal

segment.

Forewing brownish cinnamon-orange.

Hindwing semihyaline whitish grey on basal two-thirds, outer third and

abdominal area sooty grey-black.

Length of forewing: 135 mm. Expanse: 31 mm.

Hab. Abiusi, River Benue, Nigeria, September 9, 1912.

The types of all the 29 species described above are in the Tring Museum.

DR NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

NEW AFRICAN GHOMETRIDAE.

By LOUIS B. PROUT, F.E.S.

SugramıLy OHENOCHROMINAE

1. Debos purpureofusa spec. nov.

3,16 mm. Head and palpus orange-brown ; palpus rather shorter than in

iratus Swinh. Thorax and abdomen above concolorous with wings, beneath (with

legs) orange-brown.

Forewing with SC! running into ©; glossy dark fuscous (in some lights

blackish), shot with strong purple reflections, especially along costal and distal

margins. Hindwing with C anastomising with SOU to about middle of cell,

concolorous with forewing, the purple reflections strongest distally and in abdo-

minal region.

Underside without purple reflections.

Portuguese East Africa: Kola Valley, April 5, 1913 (S. A. Neave). Type in

coll. Brit. Mus.

Certainly near D. zratus, although the venational differences could be made the

basis of a separate genus,

Adesmobathra gen. nov.

Characters of Zeuctophlebia Warr., with the following differences :

Frons strongly protuberant. Second joint of palpus more shortly scaled.

Male antenna shortly ciliated. Male hindtibia strongly dilated, with terminal

spurs obsolete. Forewing with apex rather more acutely produced. Hindwing

with © rather more shortly approximated to SC, SC? arising rather farther before

end of cell.

Type of the genus: Adesmobathra ozoloides sp. nov.

A very interesting genus, probably throwing light on the origin of Ozola,

which has hitherto stood isolated and was made by Meyrick the type of his family

[subfamily] Desmobathridae. The species has precisely the facies, scaling, ete., of

Ozola, but the costal vein of the hindwing is typically Oenochromine, and the ¢

hindleg and the venation of foreleg are less specialised than in Ozola. The genus

may be placed after Zeuctophlebia.

2. Adesmobathra ozoloides spec. nov.

d?, 25-27 mm. Face whitish grey, mixed with brown. Palpus whitish

grey, above mixed with brown. Antenna brown-grey. Vertex and collar mostly

brown, Thorax and abdomen whitish grey, irrorated (the abdomen above somewhat

banded) with brown.

Forewing whitish grey, irrorated with brown; lines fine, brown, mixed with

fuscous; antemedian from before one-third costa, oblique outward, angled sub-

costally, slightly curved inward at hindmargin; postmedian from three-fifths costa,

forming in its anterior half a very strong, curved, outward projection, behind the

cell extremely slightly incurved, then straight to three-fifths hindmargin ; a very

faint additional line connate with this at costa, less strongly oblique outward,

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 273

meeting it behind R!, then forming an inward curve, meeting it again at hind-

margin; cell-mark obsolescent ; an ill-defined subterminal spot between R! and R?,

accompanied by a smaller one anteriorly and posteriorly ; terminal dots blackish,

elongate, especially the anterior ones; fringe dark-mixed. Hindwing with the

postmedian line running nearly straight (faintly sinuous in posterior half) from just

beyond middle of costa to three-fifths abdominal margin; an additional line, rather

less sharp, starting with it (on distal side), angled outward on R? midway between

it and termen, then slightly sinuous to abdominal margin near tornus.

Underside more coarsely irrorated, the markings reproduced but in reverse

distinctness—antemedian and postmedian lines very fine and rather weak, the

supplementary line strong.

Lindi, German Hast Africa, d (type) and 3 ? 2 in coll. Tring Mus.

Very suggestive, except in its broader, less strongly faleate forewing, of a pale,

sharply-lined Ozola microniaria Walk., or even of O. macariata Walk.

Ozola Walk.

It has been overlooked that the African representative of this genus (pulveru-

lenta Warr., Nov. Zool. iv. 30) forms a separate section, differing in the absence of

the median spur in both sexes, and the less dilated ¢ hindtibia. It would even

be possible on this ground to constitute a new genus. The species about to be

described shares this structure.

3. Ozola occidentalis spec. nov.

d,20 mm. Akin to pulverulenta Warr., but with somewhat shorter antennal

ciliation (not longer than diameter of shaft), hindtibia not appreciably dilated.

Wings somewhat narrower.

Forewing with termen less markedly sinuate, lines present, though not definite,

subterminal marked with some black dots, about as in microniaria Walk., ete.

Hindwing with postmedian line curving more strongly outward posteriorly, so as to

reach abdominal margin nearer the tornus.

Bitye, Ja River, Cameroons, 2000 ft., September—November 1911. Type in

coll. Tring Mus.

4. Aletis helcita contractimargo subsp. nov.

Black distal borders narrowed, that of the hindwing in general measuring

4-5 mm., that of the forewing proximally rather strongly bent in middle, as in

erict Kirby.

Uganda, in various collections. Type from Port Alice, in coll. Tring Mus.

Curiously parallel to eric? from the same locality, though distinguishable by

the crenulate proximal edge of the black border of the hindwing as well as (in the

3) the antennal structure. Generally of a less orange tint than eric?, the white

spots in distal border sometimes much reduced.

5. Cartaletis nigricosta spec. nov.

3%, 48-60 mm. Build rather robust. Head black. Antenna in d with rather

short, moderately stout pectinations, in ? strongly serrate. Thorax black, with a

white spot on tegula and some inconspicuous white spotting beneath. Abdomen

black, with a dorsal and a lateral row of white spots.

274 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

Forewing very pale buff, fading to whitish ; costal margin black as far as SC;

the usual black apical patch rather more obliquely edged than in libyssa Hopff., the

contained white spots as in libyssa. Hindwing concolorous, the black border as

in rather narrow-bordered lidyssa, the contained white spots rather broader in the ¢

than in the d.

Underside the same, except that the costal margin of the forewing is only very

slightly mixed with black.

Nyassaland: Mlanje Plateau, 6500 ft., December 18, 1913 (type d and 4 ? ?),

December 17, 1913, 229; Mount Mlanje, December 23, 1912. All in coll.

Brit. Mus. ; collected by 8. A. Neave.

6. Cartaletis tenuimargo spec. nov.

3,42 mm. Head and antenna black; pectinations moderately stout, about

twice as long as diameter of shaft. Body black; tegula with a white spot ; meso-

and metathorax and abdominal somites each with a white dorsal spot; abdomen

also with ill-defined white lateral spots.

Forewing slightly broader than in the allies, the costal margin being slightly

bulged just beyond the middle, the termen slightly less oblique, the tornus some-

what better defined; ochraceous-rafous with a black apical and distal border ; this

is 6 or 7mm. wide anteriorly, but with a very slender proximal continuation for a

short distance along costa, narrows rather rapidly (the ground-colour making a

curved outward sweep behind R?) and ends in a point at submedian fold ; enclosed

are a rather narrow white patch from SC? nearly to R*, a very small spot midway

between R* and M and a dot between M! and M?. Hindwing concolorous, with a

very narrow, unmarked black border, near apex scarcely 2 mm. wide, for the most

part scarcely 1 mm.

Underside the same.

Kwidgwi Island, Lake Kiwu, 1500-2000 m., November 1907 (R. Grauer).

Type in coll. Tring Mus.

Superficially—on account of its small size and the lack of white spots in the

border of the hindwing—more like Mesomima (section of Terina ?), but the vena-

tion is typically that of Cartaletis, except that the connecting bar between C and

SC of the hindwing is obsolete, though these remain farther apart than in the

Bracca group. Abdomen not very robust (section Leptaletis).

7. Cartaletis gracilis variegata subsp. nov.

Differs from name-typical gracilis (Sierra Leone and Gold Coast) in that the

ochreous markings are more deeply and brightly coloured (tawny or inclining to

rufous) and commonly much extended. In gracilis gracilis there is no ochreous

colour on the hindwing, on the forewing there is often only the ill-defined basal

patch, while the additional markings, when present, consist of at most two small

patches (much oftener one only) in the black apical patch proximally to the white

spots ; in g. variegata the basal patch is extended, better defined, continued on the

hindwing (though here usually small), the two tawny spots in the black border

are rarely absent, often confluent and not rarely extended into an interrupted or

continuous tawny band across the wing. Sometimes also the veins are in part

blackened.

NovITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 275

Bitye, Ja River, Cameroons, April—June 1910, lesser veins (G. L. Bates),

type d in coll. Tring Mus. Several others (both sexes) from the same locality,

coll. Tring Mus. et coll. L. B. Prout.

SugramıLy HEMITHEINAE

8. Pingasa hypoxantha spec. nov.

3,47-51 mm. Head whitish, the face and upperside of palpus mixed with

ochreous. Collar and patagia ochreous, thorax and abdomen mostly whitish.

Forewing white, with scattered rufous-ochreous, more or less black-mixed

scales; lines formed of accumulations of the same scales, sometimes (especially the

postmedian) much more strongly black-mixed; antemedian placed as in most of

the genus, angled outward in and again behind the cell, rather variable, the angles

generally moderate or rather sharp; discal mark distinct, elongate ; postmedian

line from costa midway between antemedian and apex, with small outward teeth on

the veins, oblique outward to R!, here slightly angled, from R! forming a broad,

shallow outward curve, somewhat incurved behind M?, reaching hindmargin midway

between antemedian line and tornus, or nearer the former; subterminal line strongly

dentate, feeble, indicated by weak rufous or greyish proximal shading; terminal

line slight, waved, thickened into dots between the veins; fringe unspotted.

Hindwing with the cell-mark smaller, weak, sometimes obsolete ; postmedian line

curved almost parallel with termen, the outer teeth strong ; the rest as on forewing.

Both wings beneath white, at the base shaded with bright yellow, which some- —

times extends to the middle of the wing and even shows itself in isolated spots

against the dark borders. Forewing with cell-mark strong; a blackish, not very

intense terminal band, enclosing a white apex; extending from costa to R? and

often with a narrow submarginal extension to M! or M?; terminal dots present,

variable in strength. Hindwing with cell-mark weak-or wholly wanting, dark

border restricted to confluent or isolated spots on R! and R?, and sometimes small

isolated ones on M? and SM?.

Rau, Nandi Country, February 23-24, 1899 (Dr. Ansorge), 12 dd in coll.

Tring Mus., determined by Warren as rhadamaria Guen., to which variable species

it bears much resemblance on the upperside (though the outward sweep of the

postmedian line is differently formed), but which has a deep black band on the face

and clear white underside with extended black borders.

As subsp. holochroa I describe a form from Bopoto, Upper Congo, 1898

(Rev. K. Smith), in which the upperside is more strongly marked, more shaded

with rufous proximally to the subterminal line, and with grey distally hereto, the

undersurface almost entirely orange-yellow, with an interrupted black border, con-

taining on the forewing merely some small white spots at apex, midtermen and

near tornus and on the hindwing a very narrow, in places interrupted, white distal

margin. Type in coll. Tring Mus.

9. Comibaena rufitornus spec. nov.

3,28 mm. Head green, the face sprinkled with red on sides and lower part,

the palpus white, strongly mixed with red except at base. Antenna whitish, the

shaft with a few reddish dots proximally; pectinate to the twenty-fifth joint (in

leucospilata to the twenty-third). Thorax above green, abdomen with a reddish-

276 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

fuscous saddle across first segment, third and fourth segments above reddish, each

with a whitish spot, which is partly fuscons-edged. Femora spotted with reddish

fuscous at middle and extremity ; foretibial tuft red, mixed with fuscous ; foretarsus

tinged with reddish, the extremities of the joints white ; hindtibial process fully

two-thirds as long as first tarsal joint (in lewcospilata one-half first tarsal joint).

Forewing with SC! free or anastomosing slightly with C, SC? arising just

before SC’, R! connate, M! almost connate; green, with strong transverse whitish

strigulae; lines whitish, formed as in leucospilata but very feeble ; discal spot

red, slightly diffused (approaching that of rhodolopha Prout), its centre blackish ;

terminal line red, somewhat crenulate, extending 1 mm. round apex and swollen at

tornus into an elongate, narrow spot; fringe white, strongly spotted with red at the

vein-ends and at tornus. Hindwing with termen evenly rounded, waved; M!

connate or stalked ; as forewing, but with the white lines obsolete, the terminal line

not extended round apex nor swollen at tornus.

Underside somewhat more whitish, not 'strigulated ; hindwing with indications

of a green postmedian band.

Nairobi (F. J. Jackson); 2 dd in coll. Tring Mus.

Very near leucospilata Walk., differing in the antenna, hindtibia, fuscous blotch

on first abdominal tergite, stronger whitish strigulation, larger cell-spot, and

crenulate (at termen swollen) terminal line.

10. Omphax idonea spec. nov.

3, 31-36 mm. ; %,38 mm. Face and palpusdeep red. Vertex white; occiput

green. d antenna closely lamellate. Thorax above green; abdomen whitish

ochreous, first tergite and part of second green, second and third (sometimes also

the fourth) each with a very small, light-red crest. Foreleg mostly red; middle-

and hindleg red on outer side, the femur darkest, hindtibia pale or pale-mixed.

Wings rather narrower than in plantaria Guen., approaching the shape of

bacoti Prout. Forewing with apex not produced, termen smooth; SC! free;

opaque green, a little brighter and more yellowish than in plantaria ; costal edge

narrowly ochreous, not mixed with red ; fringe narrowly ochreous (sometimes with

some greenish admixture) at base, otherwise uniform rose-colour, or only very

slightly darkened in middle, at tornus becoming partly or entirely green.

Hindwing with termen nearly smooth, only slightly waved anteriorly ; concolorous

with forewing ; fringe as on forewing.

Underside with hair-scales copious and long, towards base dense; green, fading

to ochreous ; costal margin of forewing (to SC) ochreous, at base for a short

distance red.

Johannesburg (J. P. Cregoe), 4 dd and 1 2 in coll. Brit. Mus., ex coll. Distant.

Also a discoloured ¢ from Lydenberg, from the same collection.

Best distinguished by its shape and less varied termen and fringes.

Supramity STERRHINAE

11. Somatina fraus spec. nov.

3,29mm. Face dark red above and on sides, whitish below. Palpus dark

red above, whitish beneath. Crown reddish. Antennal shaft whitish, slightly

mixed with reddish in places ; ciliation rather short. Collar tinged with ochreons.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 277

Thorax, abdomen, and legs white; foreleg red on inner side ; hindtibia moderately

long and slender, without spurs, tarsus not abbreviated.

Forewing with distal areole small, SC? arising from stalk of SC’; white,

with a slight blue or violet iridescence, caused partly by the rather thin scaling

but chiefly by the presence of scattered iridescent bluish-silvery scales ; sparse grey

irroration ; costal edge very narrowly ochreous-brownish ; markings grey, not very

sharply defined, being formed by condensation of the irroration ; antemedian line

obsolescent ; median line broad, excurved anteriorly (distal to a small but sharp

black cell-dot), rather oblique to hindmargin proximally to middle ; suggestions in

middle of wing of a duplicating line distally to this; postmedian line wavy,

2-3 mm. distant from termen ; proximal subterminal line fairly distinct, somewhat

lunulate-dentate, especially in anterior half; distal subterminal weaker: termen

with interneural black dots and minuter, weaker ones at vein-ends ; fringe white,

very feebly spotted with grey opposite the veins. Hindwing with SC? connate

with R!; as forewing, the median shade proximal to the cell-dot, very slightly

inbent in anterior half, straighter in posterior, reaching abdominal margin about

the middle.

Underside white ; costal margin of forewing ochreous,

- Oubangui-Chari-Tchad: Bangui. Type in coll. L. B. Prout.

Without examination of the venation, this would certainly be taken for a

rather robust-bodied Scopula.

12. Scopula (Pylarge) ruficolor spec. nov.

3,25 mm. Similar to irrufata Warr. (Nov. Zool. xii. 391, as Sterrha), and

agreeing in essential structure—antennal ciliation long, hindtibia with a pair of

well-developed spurs, Differing in its larger size, longer and narrower forewing,

with more oblique termen, less rounded hindwing (somewhat sinuous, at least

between the radials, and appreciably produced in middle, with minute tooth at R?),

brighter rufous colour, with the coarse dark irroration much less dense, more distinct

lines and paler, less uniform underside (the markings slightly showing through).

Johannesburg, 6000 ft. (J. P. Cregoe). Type in coll. Brit. Mus.

I have also seen a worn example from the same locality in coll. S. Afr. Mus.

13. Traminda syngenes spec. nov.

d, 26 mm. Head and body mostly flesh-coloured, abdomen pale beneath.

Hindfemur densely clothed with long hair, which becomes tinged with reddish

distally; hindtibia with strong, largely red hair-tuft, the inner proximal spur

broadened and flattened.

Forewing with termen sinuate in anterior part, bluntly elbowed at R?; flesh-

colour, broadly but indefinitely suffused, except towards base and hindmargin,

with olivaceous (probably variable between these two colours, as in several of the

genus); costal margin with minute dark dots, especially proximally; scattered and

very minute dark irroration elsewhere ; a very fine grey antemedian line traceable

at one-third hindmargin, rather oblique outward; a small white, dark-ringed

discal dot; a very fine grey line from three-fifths hindmargin, rather more

oblique than termen, to R!, then very gently curving, becoming faint at costa ;

a fine whitish line edging the postmedian distally ; a subterminal series of small

blackish vein-dots, slightly incurved in posterior half. Hindwing quadrate,

almost right-angled at R’; fleshy, with weaker olivaceous suffusions; a very small

278 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916,

white cell-dot ; the double postmedian line antemedian; the row of dark vein-dots

excurved, about halfway between the line and termen.

Underside whitish grey, costal margin and apical half of forewing and distal

area of hindwing with an olive-ochreous hue, the pale part of forewing with a very

slight pinkish tinge and with slight grey strigulation ; both wings with dark grey

subterminal line, that of forewing gently incurved in posterior half, that of hindwing

strongly curved, so as to be but little farther from termen at the angle than in the

rest of its course, throughout placed nearer to termen than the vein-dots of

upperside.

Oubangui-Chari-Tchad: Bangui. Type in coll. L. B. Prout.

Superficially like some colour-forms of 7. vividaria Walk., List Lep. Ins.

xxiil. 800 (= nigripuncta Warr., Nov. Zool. iv. 225 = variegata Swinh., Tr. Ent.

Soc. Lond. 1904, p. 562 *), except in the sinuate termen and white cell-dot of

forewing. But whereas that species has a simple d hindleg, that of the present

species agrees with the more typical members of Traminda (Saalm., Lep. Madag.

p. 496, indeser., Warr., Nov. Zool. ii. 100 = Gnamptoloma Warr., Nov. Zool. ii. 95),

obversata Walk., List. Lep. Ins. xxiii. 790 (=atroviridata Saalm., Ber. Senckenb.

Ges. 1879-80, p. 293 = glauca Warr., Nov. Zool. iv. 64 = striata Warr. iv. 220),

aventiaria Guen., etc. Really quite close to neptunaria Guen., which is much larger,

always green, with outer line less curved, etc., and which occurs, without

geographical variation, throughout a wide area in Africa (Abyssinia to Natal,

Sierra Leone, Nigeria, Cameroons, etc.).

Supramity LARENTIINAE.

14. Ortholitha subrectiaria recta subsp. nov.

3?,26 mm. Differs from name-typical subrectiaria Walk. (List Lep. Ins.

xxiil. 964) in having the subbasal and antemedian lines of the forewing straight

or almost straight. In addition, the colour is somewhat greyer (less brownish) and

the median band is more noticeably darkened between the radials distally to the

cell-dot.

Madagascar: Antananarivo, type d ; Moramanga, $. Both in coll. L. B.

Prout.

15. Epirrhoé edelsteni spec. nov.

3 2,27-28 mm. Face roughened, but without definite cone, Palpus shortish,

heavily scaled, third joint very small, not distinct. Antenna in & slightly thickened,

with very minute ciliation. Head and body concolorous with wings.

Forewing of moderate width; light ochreous brown, tinged with reddish and

strongly irrorated with dark fuscous ; lines dark fuscous, numerous, waved or

crenulate, not sharply defined ; basal area scarcely differentiated, scarcely appreciably

darker than subbasal ; central band about 4 mm. wide at costa, 3 mm. or rather

less at hindmargin, the lines on it slightly darkened, especially those at its edges,

which are limited each by a fine pale line ; proximal edge of the band little curved,

distal slightly bilobed outward in middle, but less strongly than in Mimoclystia

undulosata Warr. ; cell-mark present but not sharp; distal area beyond the outer

whitish line narrowly pale rufescent, then fuscescent, with traces of fine, ill-

* Swinhoe, Joc. cit., erroneously sinks vividaria Walk. (misprinted viridaria) to neptunaria Guen.

The synonymy here given is new, based on examination of types.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 279

defined whitish subterminal line ; small rufescent terminal spots at vein-ends, a

pair of fascous dots or dashes at each vein; fringe slightly mottled, with a fine

pale line at its base and another beyond middle, Hindwing moderately broad,

greyish fuscous, with a double paler, more rufescent postmedian band, which is

scarcely bent in middle ; lines very weak ; termen and fringe as on forewing.

Both wings beneath more sharply marked, largely greyish-fuscous, but with a

postmedian band (faintly bisected), some incomplete lines in median area and a fine

subterminal (broader and more distinct at costa of forewing) remaining whitish-

ochreous ; postmedian line little angled on R°.

Cape Colony: Thaba’nchu, October 12, 1914, at light (G. Edelsten), type d

in coll. L. B. Prout ; Deelfontein, March 6 and 8, 1902 (Colonel Sloggett), 2 ? 2 in

* coll. Brit. Mus.

The British Museum examples have stood in the series of Mimoelystia

undulosata Warr. (Nov. Zool. viii. 14), to which it bears a close resemblance,

differing, however, in the non-biangulate discocellulars of the hindwing, less reddish

colouring, less sharp markings and less irregular postmedian line of both wings.

16. Chloroclystis lita spec. nov.

d?,18-21 mm. Face with projecting cone; light ochreous brown, marked

with dark fuscous. Palpus one-and-a-half times diameter of eye ; mostly fuscous.

Head and body light brown, more or less irrorated or mixed with fuscous.

Forewing of & without secondary sexual modification of costal margin, which

is merely slightly more shouldered near base than in the ?, the underside with a

small tuft of hair from near base of SM?, extending across M and suggestive of an

exaggerated ? retinaculum ; whitish grey, with fuscous irroration, which in the

narrow areas bounding the median is almost confined to the bisecting lines; a

slightly darkened basal patch; a narrow, ill-defined, sub-basal ochreous brown or

somewhat ferruginous band ; a moderately broad, darkened median band, traversed

by about five wavy, interrupted dark lines, the first (the antemedian) very gently

excurved, the last (the postmedian) angled outward behind R°, incurved between

this and SM’, noticeably marked with thick dashes or elongate spots on the veins ;

distal area clouded with fuscous in anterior half, except for a proximal patch of

ochreous brown from SC? across R!, less clouded in posterior half, with a narrow

band of ochreous brown proximal to the almost obsolete subterminal line; thick,

but noé sharp, dark dashes at termen between the veins; terminal line fine, scarcely

interrupted; fringe darkened proximally, except for pale markings at vein-ends.

Hindwing with termen moderately rounded, slightly straighter between SC?

and R’; a dark mark close to base; median band only represented by the lines,

the outermost thick, except at costa, acutely angled behind R*; distal area nearly

as on forewing but with less clouded apex.

Underside more glossy, weakly marked, especially the forewing, which is

slightly darkened ; both wings with thick postmedian line indicated, traces also (at

least on hindwing) of other lines,

Natal : Estcourt (J. M. Hutchinson), both sexes in coll. Brit. Mus., including

the type d. Also from other localities in Natal, Transvaal, and Cape Colony.

Long misidentified by me as the West African marmorata Warr. (Nov. Zool. vi. 38),

founded on a ?, but which I find has a strong midcostal protuberance and tuft of

hair in the d.

280 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

Supramity GEOMETRINAE

17. Microligia luteitincta spec. nov.

32, 30-34 mm. Larger than dolosa Warr. (Nov. Zool. iv. 125), palpus and

frontal tuft rather longer, d antennal pectinations very slightly longer. Head and

body concolorous with wings.

Forewing very pale yellow or ochreous, the irroration generally slighter than in

dolosa, much more uniform, never forming patches or streaks between the veins ;

no markings except the oblique grey apical dash, which is rather variable in length

and strength, occasionally almost obsolete. Hindwing uniform pure white.

Forewing beneath variable ; uniform dirty whitish or (except posteriorly to M

and M?) smoky; in the former case sometimes with the oblique dark dash repro-

duced, in the latter with an oblique pale streak posteriorly to the position of the

dash; in one aberration, SC is marked with a fuscous line. Hindwing beneath

- white, slightly less pure than above.

Cape Colony: Harding, January 1903 (Mrs. Blakeway), type in coll. Brit.

Mas. ; Grahamstown, October 1902 (Miss M. Daly), ete.

‘18. Drepanogynis strigulosa spec. nov.

3, 32mm. Head and body concolorous with wings. Palpus with third joint

moderate, exposed. Abdomen not very slender.

Forewing shaped as in the group of chromatina Prout (Ann. Trans. Mus. iil.

212), to which group in all respects the species belongs ; R® arising before the

middle of the discocellulars; as far as the postmedian line pale fleshy-ochreous

with rufous suffusions, densely strigulated, especially in the median area, with

olivaceous grey ; lines darker grey, thick, cloudy ; antemedian from one-third costa

to one-third hindmargin, forming a deep outward curve ; postmedian at costa 2 mm.

from apex, at hindmargin less than 2 mm. from tornus, forming a very gentle

inward curve between R? and hindmargin; cell-dot small, blackish; distal area

whiter, with sparser strigulation ; fringe again of the prevailing tone. Hindwing

whitish in costal region, the rest more as on forewing, but duller; cell-dot small,

not sharp; postmedian line dark, but not sharply defined, double, commencing at

R! and terminating at hindmargin close to tornus, forming a gentle inward curve.

Both wings beneath whitish, with fleshy suffusions, the hindmargin of fore-

wing and the distal area (especially of forewing) remaining whiter ; strigulation

rather weaker than above; lines weak ; cell-dot of hindwing sharp.

Cape Colony : Deelfontein, March 6, 1902 (Colonel Sloggett). Type in coll.

Brit. Mus. A second example, with the ground-colour rather deeper ochreous, from

Fraserburg, April 1885 (E. G. Alston).

19. Drepanogynis monas spec. nov.

3,46 mm. Nearest to incondita Warr. (Nov. Zool. xi. 476, as Dysciu), larger,

face tufted, antennal pectinations not quite so extreme in length, fillet between

antennae white.

Forewing with termen rather more gibbous than in incondita, dark irroration

less dense, postmedian line rather farther from termen, not crenulate, very finely

pale-edged distally, terminal line wanting. Hindwing concolorous, cell-dot

obsolete above and beneath, postmedian line formed and placed nearly as on

forewing.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 281

Cape Colony : Grahamstown (from the Albany Museum), type in coll. Brit. Mus.

A 2 from the same source and one from Namaqualand (Cochrane, ex coll.

Distant), both in the same collection, are still larger (54 mm.), antenna simple,

forewing with apex produced, some blackish clouding indicating the position of the

antemedian line and again distally to the postmedian at apex and posterior half ;

hindwing with blackish clouding distally to the posterior half of postmedian line.

20. Eupagia curvifascia spec. nov.

d,32 mm. Build less robust than in the type species (determinata Walk.),

pectus and femora less densely hairy, antennal pectinations less long. Head and

body concolorous with wings, palpus brighter ochreous, with a slight reddish

admixture on outer side.

Forewing with termen almost smooth, slightly sinuous, rather strongly curved

and oblique posteriorly ; ochreous, with very sparse blackish irroration; costal

margin at base more reddish ; lines almost black, with a slight reddish admixture ;

antemedian rather thick from cell-fold to hindmargin, obsolete anteriorly, curving

outward a little from SM? to hindmargin ; postmedian from four-fifths costa,

parallel with termen to R! or R?, then forming a gentle inward curve; accompanied

proximally throughout its length, except at costal extremity, by a bar of the same

colour, about 1 mm. in width ; cell-dot almost obsolete; a blackish dot at apex,

terminal line otherwise almost obsolete ; fringe somewhat chequered with grey.

Hindwing with termen almost smooth, slightly waved in its anterior half; very

slightly paler than forewing ; markings obsolete, except the postmedian line, which

is present from R! to hindmargin, slender anteriorly, slightly less so posteriorly,

but nowhere accompanied by a dark bar.

Underside similarly but less sharply marked.

Cape Colony: Grahamstown. Type in coll. Brit. Mus., received from the

Albany Museum.

21. Biclavigera deterior spec. nov.

3, 29-32 mm. Closely akin to praecanaria H.-Sch. (= rufivena Warr.,

Ann. S. Afr. Mus. x. 24, nov. syn.), from which I have not yet been able to dis-

cover any constant structural difference, unless the apical claws of the foretibia are

somewhat slighter; in the type specimen of the new species vein SC'~ of the fore-

wing is connected at a point with the stalk of SC’, but in the other example it

remains free, as in all the praecanaria I have examined.

Forewing nearly uniform reddish brown or purplish brown, the pale parts

almost entirely obliterated, the dark fuscous irroration slight and inconspicuous ;

the veins, which in praecanaria are bright reddish ochreous, are here whitish

ochreous, dark-dotted ; costal edge irrorated, as in praecanaria ; first line nearly as

in that species; postmedian much straighter, not lunulate, nearly parallel with

termen throughout (in praecanaria markedly oblique inward in posterior part),

marked with fuscous dashes on the veins, not accompanied distally by any pale

shade ; subterminal line rather better developed than in praecanaria ; fringe less

sharply chequered. Hindwing showing the same colour-differences as forewing.

Both wings beneath still more uniform, almost markingless except for the

dotted costal edge of forewing.

Foot of Nieuwveld Mountains, 5 miles N. W. of Beaufort West (Mrs. Butt).

Type in coll. Brit. Mus. I have seen a second male, without locality label.

282 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

22. Hemerophila ochriplaga spec. nov.

?,50 mm. Structure of H. serrataria Walk. (List Lep. Ins. xxi. 412), from

Natal, but much larger, costal margin of forewing rather straighter, apex more

pointed, distal margin more oblique, distal margin of hindwing still more strongly

dentate. Ovipositor strong, exserted. Head and body concolorous with wings, the

face and palpus more infuscated.

Forewing with SO!” coincident ; light ochreous brown, clouded over almost

throughout with dull grey, leaving clearer the margins and especially a subquadrate

spot of 2-3 mm. diameter between SC’ and R! just proximally to the subterminal

line; lines fine and not very conspicuous, blackish; antemedian from one-third

costa, curved in cell, becoming strongly oblique inward and slightly sinuous, reach-

ing hindmargin at one-fifth ; postmedian oblique inward from seven-ninths costa,

very shallowly sinuate inward before and behind SC°, forming an almost rectangular

projection at R?, a long, very. shallow sinus inward between R? and M?, and a

deeper sinus inward between M? and SM?, reaching hindmargin at about two-fifths ;

faint indications of a dark median shade and of some dark shading proximal to

the indistinct, pale, lunulate-dentate subterminal line; terminal dark line weak,

interrupted ; fringe narrowly clear at base, otherwise with dark irroration.

Hindwing less suffused, except in distal area; median shade faintly indicated ;

postmedian line fairly strong, very feebly crenulate in places, approximately

parallel with termen except towards abdominal margin, where it bends towards

the tornus.

Underside duller, almost without markings, except that both wings show a

rather elongate, ill-defined cell-spot, strongest on the hindwing.

Oubangui-Chari-Tchad : Bangui. Type in coll. L. B. Prout.

A ? from Bitye, Ja River, Cameroons, too damaged to describe, has long stood

in my collection; except that it is slightly smaller (46 mm.) and has stronger

terminal line on both wings, it agrees excellently with the type.

23. Ectropis amphitromera Prout

This species was described (Ent. xliv. 294) from the $. I have now seen the

d from Bitye, Ja River, Cameroons, and am able to confirm its showing the usual

3 characters of Eectropis. The antennal ciliation is sessile, of about the length of

diameter of shaft, the spine over basal cavity of abdomen strong. The abdomen

is slender and markedly elongate, extending well beyond the hindwing.

24. Myrioblephara prospila spec. nov.

6,23 mm. Face whitish. Palpus rather short ; fuscous, whitish beneath.

Antenna not dentate, the ciliation about three times as long as diameter of shaft.

Crown whitish. Collar more brown. Thorax whitish, above strongly mixed with

fuscous. Abdomen mostly whitish, with an interrupted dark belt on second tergite:

Foreleg somewhat infuscated, except at ends of joints ; hindtibia not dilated.

Forewing with fovea strong; SC! coincident; whitish, with scattered dark

fuscous irroration ; lines dark fuscous, in part mixed with black, arising from black

costal spots; antemedian from beyond one-fourth costa, slender, somewhat curved,

angled inward in front of SM?; median proximal to middle of wing, traversing the

cross-vein, deeply incurved between M and M? (retracted to their junction), thick

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 283

and oblique inward posteriorly ; postmedian from two-thirds costa, chiefly expressed

by dashes on the veins, excurved anteriorly, then strongly oblique inward, thick and

confluent with median between M? and SM?, angled outward on SM?; subterminal

pale line rather irregularly lunulate-dentate, marked by rather strong, irregular

dark proximal shading ; some weaker and more interrupted dark shading between

subterminal and termen. Hindwing with termen slightly waved, feebly sinuate

between the radials ; median shade nearly straight, well proximal to the elongate

dark cell-mark ; postmedian chiefly marked by short dashes on the veins, incurved

in posterior part, oblique outward to abdominal margin ; distal area as on forewing.

Both wings beneath slightly more ochreous. Forewing with the costal spots

and postmedian dashes, a distinct elongate cell-mark and blurred indications of

the median shade; proximal part of wing somewhat suffused, distal border rather

broadly fuscous, containing apical and central spots of the ground-colour. Hind-

wing beneath nearly as above.

Madagascar : Antananarivo (coll. Chulliat). Type in coll. L. B. Prout.

Somewhat resembles a miniature Zectropis spoliataria Walk., List Lep. Ins.

xxi. 368 (= fulmtineta Warr., Nov. Zool. xi. 474), and shows similar (though

weaker) yellowish-brown shades proximally to the antemedian line and distally to

the postmedian ; the postmedian line, however, is formed more as in the Indian

Psilaleis breta Swinh., and the antennal structure and venation render confusion

with spoliataria impossible. In that species the d antenna is dentate-fasciculate,

with less long cilia, and SC! of the forewing arises from SC?, anastomosing with C.

25. Macaria hypactinia spec. nov.

?, 29 mm. Face-cone small. Palpus about one-and-a-half times diameter

of eye. Head and body concolorous with wings, face and base of palpus whitish

beneath.

Forewing with termen not excised, slightly erenulate in anterior part, scarcely

waved in posterior; SC! coincident, connected by a slight bar with C; dirty white,

suffused almost throughout with drab-grey and with rather coarse, but not close,

black irroration ; lines black; antemedian before one-fourth, almost right-angled

outward in cell and feebly inbent on M ; median line thicker and less strong, more

feebly bent, passing just distally to the deep-black cell-dot ; postmedian oblique

outward from before two-thirds costa, acutely augulated (though with the extreme

apex of the angle rounded off) at R?, then forming an extremely slight inward

curve, reaching hindmargin at nearly two-thirds ; subterminal line thick and white

from costa to R!, dark-edged proximally, merged into an oblique white apical

shade distally, almost entirely obsolete from R! hindwards ; some whitish mottling

in distal area, especially along the veins ; terminal black lunules rather strong,

separated only by the veins ; fringe grey, spotted with white between the veins.

——Hindwing with termen rather more crenulate than forewing, more weakly

posteriorly than anteriorly, bend at R? scarcely noticeable; median shade and

postmedian line continued, almost straight; some dark shading proximally to the

median shade; distal half of wing almost unmarked, a whitish subterminal line and

dark shading proximally to it just discernible.

Both wings beneath darker. Forewing marked as above, though with the

dark markings less conspicuous, the white apical patch sharper than above; veins

in distal area sharply white. Hindwing sharply marked, the median shade, post-

284 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916,

median line and proximal shading of subterminal all being strong, the postmedian

followed by a more diffuse, less straight line distally ; much white admixture

elsewhere, including the whitening of the veins and a broad radial streak from base

to termen.

Madagascar: Antananarivo. Type in coll. L. B. Prout.

Distinguished by the very angulated postmedian line and especially by the

underside.

26. Pareclipsis anophthalma spec. nov.

?,38mm. Larger than punctata Warr. (Nov. Zool. vii. 97).

Forewing with termen slightly more elbowed, SC* anastomosing at a point with

SC’, ground-colour more rufous, with rather strong grey and blackish irroration,

antemedian line not distinguishable, cell-spot smaller, not ocellated, postmedian row

of dots not very sharp, termen without black dots, fringe at extremity pure white,

Hindwing with termen rather more indented between the radials and bent

(almost toothed) at R*, more pinkish, very feebly marked.

Underside very pale pinkish grey ; forewing with sharp black cell-dot and

costal end of postmedian line, which is otherwise almost obsolete; hindwing with

minute cell-dot and very weak postmedian series.

Nyassaland: Zomba, February 1911 (Dr. J. E. S. Old). Type in coll. Brit,

Mus.

27. Pareclipsis oxyptera spec. nov.

3, 29-30 mm, Face light ochreous brown, somewhat mixed with fuscous

below. Palpus not very long; largely infuscated. Vertex pale ochreous brown.

Thorax and abdomen concolorous with wings, or rather paler.

Forewing shorter than in punctata Warr., with apex more falcate ; SC! anasto-

mosing with C and with SC’, SC? also with SC’; rather glossy reddish-fuscous

(in an aberration more ochreous-brown) ; costal edge mixed in places with black,

especially at base ; lines black ; antemedian from before one-fourth costa, oblique

outward to middle of cell, here angled, posteriorly somewhat interrupted ; post-

median slender, from nearly four-fifths costa, slightly sinuate inward in posterior

part; sometimes slightly accentuated on the veins; a minute black cell-dot,

proximally to which is placed a very weak median shade ; termen with interneural

black dots; a very slender pale line at base of fringe. Hindwing relatively

ample, with termen full in anterior half, straight or faintly subconcave posteriorly ;

rather paler and greyer than forewing, at least in its proximal part ; median shade

slender, faint, nearly straight; cell-dot and postmedian line present, the latter

scarcely curved ; terminal dots and fringe almost as on forewing.

Underside rather variable, generally more weakly marked than upper ; cell-

dots and postmedian line present, the latter tending to break up into vein-dots.

Cape Colony: Draibosch (type) and Tole (Miss F. Barrett), in coll. Brit. Mus,

28. Pareclipsis incerta spec. nov.

3,34 mm. General characters and facies of punctata Warr.; face rounded,

without projecting cone of scales, antenna with moderate, rather slender pectina-

tions. Head and body concolorous with wings.

Forewing slightly narrower than in punctata, costal and distal margins

straighter, SC! and S? free ; light wood-brown, with sparse dark irroration ; lines

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 285

represented by blackish vein-dots; three antemedian dots rather large, forming

an outward curve ; postmedian series 1°5 mm. from termen anteriorly, gradually

curving away to almost 3 mm. distant at SM?; a rather strong black discal dot,

closely followed by a slender, straightish brown median shade ; terminal line very

weak and interrupted; fringe weakly spotted opposite the veins. Hindwing

concolorous or very slightly paler; cell-dot and median shade weak ; antemedian

dots wanting, postmedian extremely weak, nearly 4 mm. from termen, accompanied

distally by a faintly pale line ; termen and fringe as on forewing.

Forewing beneath rather more smoky, narrowly whitish at hindmargin ; faint

discal and postmedian dots. Hindwing beneath paler, rather strongly irrorated,

and with distinct discal and postmedian dots. On beth wings the postmedian series

is about parallel with and nearly 3 mm. from termen.

Natal: Durban district (W. D. Gooch), 2 dd in coll. Brit. Mus.

This species and the following may be regarded provisionally as forming a new

section (pectinated) of Pareclipsis.

29. Pareclipsis leptophyes spec. nov.

3,30 mm. Structure of the preceding, more slenderly built and still more

glossy. Head and body mostly concolorous with wings ; palpus infuscated beneath ;.

foreleg infuscated on upperside.

Forewing with costa almost concave in middle, termen rather more oblique.

than in incerta ; ground-colour rather paler, antemedian dots less sharp, cell-dot

small and weak, no median shade, postmedian dots receding more rapidly from

termen after R!; no terminal line ; fringe pale, unspotted. Hindwing almost

white, slightly irrorated along abdominal margin and part of distal margin ; no

markings except a small and indistinct cell-dot.

Forewing beneath slightly more smoky, becoming paler distally to the post--

median dots ; discal and postmedian dots indicated, the latter placed as on upper-

side. Hindwing beneath irrorated throughout, though not densely; cell-dot.

distinct, though small ; a row of vein-dots about 2 mm. from termen.

Cape Colony: Deelfontein, September 22, 1902 (Colonel Sloggett). Type im

coll. Brit. Mus.

Melinoéssa H.-Sch.

Melinoessa H.-Sch., Samml. Aussereur, Schmett. i, 33, 44 (1856).

Rhamidava Walk., List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. xxvi. 1568 (1862).

Traina Walk., Proc. Nat. Hist. Soc. Glasgow i. (2) 372 (1869).

Timana Walk., Proc. Nat. Hist. Soc. Glasgow i (2) 373 (1869).

Hyphenophora Warr., Nov. Zool, i. 402 (1894).

I have no hesitation in regarding all the above as constituting a single,

perfectly natural genus. Except for trivial differences in shape and differences in

pattern, there is almost no variation worth mention, though Hyphenophora forms a

separate section on account of the non-dilated ¢ hindtibia.

30. Melinoéssa fulvescens nom. nov.

Phalaena (Geometra) fulvata Drury, Ill. Nat. Hist. iii. index and p. 28, t. 31, £. 4 (1782).

Drury’s name was preoccupied (Forster, Nov. Sp. Ins. p. 76, 1771). As I

believe there are no synonyms to fall back upon, I am compelled to rename the

species.

286 NovITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

31. Melinoéssa torquilinea spec. nov.

3,52 mm. Structure quite similar to that of fulvescens Prout and stramineata

Walk. (Proc. Nat. Hist. Soc. Glasgow i. (2) 372), including the rather long

antennal ciliation. Head and body similar in colouring to those of stramineata,

slightly more yellowish, upper part of face more fuscous.

Upperside scarcely distinguishable from that of stramineata except that the

ground-colour is buff instead of whitish—recalling rather wasted specimens of

Sulvescens. Forewing with discal dot small; antemedian line angled just

behind SC, thence fine and rather more waved than in stramineata ; terminal line

thick. Hindwing without discal dot ; terminal line strong.

Forewing beneath with much less strong irroration from base to postmedian

line than in stramineata; cell-dot as above ; lines fine, subterminal present in its

posterior half only, rather faint; a blackish apical cloud, 5 mm. at costa, ending

beyond R?; a much narrower terminal cloud from tornus to the fold between R?

and M!, tapering to a point at each end, spotted with the ground-colour on the

folds. Hindwing beneath with postmedian and subterminal lines very feebly

indicated, and with small remnants of the terminal cloudings, the anterior one

almost. confined to the radial region.

Bitye, Ja River, Cameroons, 2000 ft., December 1907-—March 1908, dry

season. Type in coll. L. B. Prout.

32. Heterostegane vetula spec. nov.

?,20 mm. Head and body concolorous with wings.

Forewing broad; bright ochreous, with coarse, scattered ferruginous irroration

and a fine sprinkling of silvery scales ; markings ferruginous; antemedian line

fine, oblique outward from costa to cell-fold, here angulated, posteriorly rather

weak, sinuate; median rather thick, from before middle of costa to middle of hind-

margin, sinuate inward between M! and SM’; postmedian fairly direct, quite

ill-defined except as vein-dashes pointing distad, the interspaces rather free from

ferruginous irroration ; subterminal rather thick, projecting (but not confluent with

terminal spot) at R?, incurved between R? and M!, confluent with terminal spot

between M! and M?, angled inward on fold, then running to tornus; rather large

terminal spots; fringe scarcely marked. Hindwing with first line scarcely

indicated, median and postmedian more proximally placed than on forewing, post-

median better developed, bisinuate inward ; the rest nearly as on forewing.

Underside similar, but rather duller, without silvery scales.

Madagascar: Antananarivo (coll. Chulliat). Type in coll. L. B. Prout.

Nearest flavata Warr. (Nov. Zool. xii. 393, the lines less band-like, especially

the subterminal, the postmedian of forewing straighter. That species, however,

belongs to the specialised African section in which vein © of the hindwing

anastomoses to about the middle of the cell, whereas in vetula it is free, or touches

SC at a point near base only.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 287

SOME NOTES OF A FAUNAL AND OTHER NATURE ON

THE LEPIDOPTERA COLLECTED BY HERR GEYR VON

SCHWEPPENBURG IN THE HOGGAR MOUNTAINS.

Br LORD ROTHSCHILD, F.R.S., Pu.D.

HE full list of this collection, with descriptions of new species, was given by

me in the October and November numbers of the Annals and Magazine

of Natural History of 1915. I unfortunately stated there that Herr Geyr von

Schweppenburg went “on behalf of Professor Koenig of Bonn,” but it seems that

Herr Geyr, who accompanied Herr Paul Spatz, was quite independent both as

regards his work and its results.

The collection is of great interest, as it proves that in the West at least the

Hoggar Mountains are the utmost southern boundary of the Palaearctic Region.

We already find a number of tropical forms intruding, as in the East they do in

Cashmere, Central China, and South Japan. The most disturbing problem, how-

ever, are the true desert species, for while many of them penetrate far north

into the heart of the Palaearctic Region, we find these same species spread over

many tropical desert areas such as Rajputana, Arabia, and Socotra. Going more

into detail,—of the 9 species of Rhopalocera collected by Herr Geyr, 3 are purely

tropical, viz., Teracolus helvolus, Spindasis acamas divisa and Virochala livia ;

2 are purely palaearctic, namely Pieris ropue ? leucotera and Colias electo croceus

(©. e. croceus is confined to the Western Palaeactic Region, while in tropical

Africa from Lado to the Cape it is replaced by C. electo electo); 3 are desert forms

straggling into the regions of the Hauts Plateaux (Steppes), Huchloé fallout

obsolescens, Zizera lysimon, and Tarucus theophrastus, while Pyrameis cardui cardui

is of almost world-wide distribution from the Arctic Regions to the Cape and from

Spain to Australia.

Of the 94 species of Heterocera Celerio lineata livornica is found over most

of the Eastern hemisphere except Australia, where a distinct subspecies occurs ;

Casama uniformis is a pure desert form, as are the 2 species of Chilena (the genus

is composed of desert forms); among the Noctuidae the 5 species of Agrotinae are

purely palaearctic and Hauts Plateaux forms, which appear in many places to

penetrate into the desert regions; of the Cucullianae, Cucullia santolinae is

palaearctic while the other 4 are desert forms; of the Acronyctinae, Laphigma

exigua junceti is a palaearctic and desert form (Laphigma exigua in 3 or 4 hardly

separable subspecies occurs from Scandinavia to the Cape of Good Hope, and from

Spain to Australia and many Pacific islands); Azenia sabulosa is purely a desert

species, while the 2 Athetis are Hauts Plateaux forms spreading into the desert

and Southern Palaearctic Regions as stragglers; all the 6 species of the subfamily

Erastrianae are pure desert forms, as are also the 12 Catocalinae, though

Leucanitis kabylaria straggles a considerable distance northwards; of the 2

Phytometras P. gamma is almost world-wide, and nz deserticola is a Hauts

Plateaux form penetrating far into the desert; of the 11 species of Noctuinae the

first 8 are pure desert forms while the last 3 are Hauts Plateaux forms. All the

288 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII, 1916,

13 species of Geometridae are desert forms, as are the Amata and the Hremocossus.

Finally, of the Pyralidae, Eromena ocellea is almost world-wide, while Pristarthria

brephiella, Nomophila noctuella, and Noctuelia desertalis are palaearctic, the

remaining 9 being purely desert species.

WHAT IS THE CORRECT NAME OF THE ARABIAN

SEA TERN?

By ERNST HARTERT.

NHE tenth species of the genus Sterna in the Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xxv. p. 69

is cailed Sterna albigena, and on p. xiii Sterna albigena Licht. Neither the

name of the species nor that of the author can be maintained. The species was

called Sterna albigena by Hemprich and Ehrenberg on the stands in the Berlin

Museum. The first time it appeared in print was in 1844, when Boie, in the Isis,

1844, p. 179, called it Hydrocecropis albigena, and stated that it occurred in the

“Mare rubrum.” Unfortunately no description was given; but Lichtenstein,

Nomencl. Av. Mus. Berolin. p. 98, 1854, giving Arabia and Nubia as its home, did

not publish a description either. It is therefore inconceivable that Lichtenstein

was chosen as the author of the name albigena and not Boie, if nomina nuda were

adopted. That names without any “indication, definition, or description,” so-called

nomina nuda, cannot be adopted, is, however, an undisputed rule and basis of

nomenclature, and we must therefore look for the first indication. It is true that

the first verbal diagnosis is that of Heuglin, in Petermann’s Geogr. Mittheilungen,

1860, p. 339, and Henglin there described undoubtedly the Tern under consideration.

Unfortunately, however, a figure was published before 1860 (about 1848) by

Reichenbach, on pl. xi of the Suppl. to the Vollst. Naturg. der Schwimmvögel,

Longipennes pl. xxi, forming fig. 816.

Nearly all ornithologists, notably Finsch & Hartlaub, and Heuglin, refused to

accept this figure for our bird, but they did not draw from their action the necessary

consequence, viz., to refuse the name. Saunders, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1876,

said: “I cannot understand how Finsch and Hartlaub fail to identify Reichenbach’s

figure in the Schwimmvdgel with this species ; for his illustration, though coarse, is

decidedly far more recognisable than theirs in the Vög. Ost-Afrika’s.” Saunders’

statement is, however, not in accordance with facts. Reichenbach figured a bird

in the “Mus. Goetz.” with huge black feet (the toes as long as the beak !),

apparently white underside, and of the size of Sterna bergü, i.e. 19'9 in. in length,

a point which must have escaped Howard Saunders. It is impossible to identify

this figure with what is now called S. albigena, and the latter must therefore have

a new name. I consequently call it

Sterna repressa nom. nov.

This name is meant as a new term for the S. albigena of Cat. B. Brit. Mus.

xxv, p. 69, of Reichenow and other recent authors, the type specimen being a skin

in the Tring Museum collected near Fao, Persian Gulf, by Mr. W. D. Cumming.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 289

ON SOME FORMS OF CORACINA (GRAUCALUS Avcr.)

FROM THE SOLOMON ISLANDS.

By LORD ROTHSCHILD AND ERNST HARTERT.

TN Nov. Zool. 1901, p. 181, and 1905, pp. 263, 264, we have discussed some

specimens of Coracina welchmani (Tristr.) (Graucalus welchmani Tristram,

Ibis 1892, p. 294, described from Bugotu = Isabel Island). We then already called

attention to the facts, that the Kulambangra specimens have longer and slightly

slenderer bills, and that the black on the underside of the males is confined to the

throat, while in the males of the Bougainville examples it extends on to the chest.

To this may be added that the tails of the Kulambangra birds are about 1 cm. longer

(measuring about 163 mm.), that the tips to the outer rectrices are less distinctly

grey, and that their upperside is a fine shade darker. We have once more compared

the type of @. welehmani, kindly lent by the authorities of the Liverpool Museum,

and find that it agrees well with the Bougainville specimens, though the colour of the

upperside is slightly darker, but this may possibly be due to the treatment of the

skin. Formerly we hesitated to give a definite name to the Kulambangra form,

because we could not see males from Isabel, where Mr. Meek did not come across

this species. ‘Though we have to admit the possibility that a series of males from

Isabel might reveal some differences from the Bougainville series, it is quite certain

that the Kulambangra form is different, and we therefore propose for it the name

Coracina welchmani kulambangrae subsp. nov.

Type d ad., Kulambangra 25. ii.1901, no. 2796, A. S. Meek coll.

We refrain from giving measurements of the wings, because most of our

specimens have the primaries moulting.

It is quite in accordance with the usual rule, that the Kulambangra form differs

from that of the north-eastern chain, consisting of the islands Bougainville, Choiseul,

and Isabel, which very often have one and the same form. Malaita still remains

almost unknown.

JUL

In Nov. Zool. 1901 pp. 180, 374, 1902 p. 582, 1905 p. 264, and 1908 p. 357,

we have mentioned and discussed specimens of a form of what we called Graucalus

hypoleucus. Mr. Arthur Goodson called our attention to the fact, that this and

other allied forms can only be looked upon as forms of Graucalus (now Coracina)

papuensis, a name which dates from 1788, while hypoleucus was given in 1848.

The birds from the Solomon Islands all differ at a glance from C. papuensis

louisiadensis by having a much less massive bill and darker tail. Those from

Guadalcanar, New Georgia, Gizo, and Vella Lavella are, as we called them before,

Graucalus, or rather Coracina papuensis elegans (Rams.), originally described from

Guadalcanar. Those from the islands of Florida, Isabel, Choiseul, and Bougainville,

290 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

2.é. the north-eastern chain, agree in every detail, except that they are conspicuously

paler on the upperside; the underside also is generally almost pure white, but this

latter character is variable and uncertain, so that only the lighter upper surface can

be depended on. We are therefore obliged to separate the lighter form, and we

propose for it the name

Coracina papuensis perpallida subsp. nov.

Type ? ad., Bougainville, 6. v. 1904, no. A. 1739, A. 8. Meek coll.

The bill cal length of wing is very variable in this race; generally the wings

are longer in the skins from Florida, the beaks smallest in those from Bougainville,

but neither of these characters is, as far as we can judge from our material, constant

and reliable enough to make any further subdivisions.

We have now before us the following forms of Coracina papuensis :

1. Coracina papuensis papuensis: Northern New Guinea, from Arfak to

German Papua, also Salwatty and foot of Snow Mountains, on the Setekwa River.—

Underside grey, only lower abdomen and under tail-coverts white. Primaries edged

with grey. C. p. stephani is not separable !

2. C. papuensis melanolora: Moluccas (Batjan, Halmahera, Obi, Misol,

Ternate, Gebe).—Quite like C. p. papuensis, but distinctly larger. Primaries as in

C. p. papuensis.

3. C. papuensis sclateri: New Ireland, New Britain, Rook, New Hanover.—

At once distinguishable by large size and beak. Wings darker, edges’ very little

conspicuous,

4. C. papuensis meekiana : Northern British New Guinea (Kumusi River).—

Primaries as in the foregoing races, chest grey, but lighter than in papwensis, throat

almost pure white, sides of body lighter. Mr. Ogilvie-Grant, Suppl. Z/dis 1915,

pp. 128, 129, unites G. papuensis, meekiuna and hypoleucus, but in this he is

doubtless wrong. It seems that he has not understood the description of meekiana,

and he cannot have compared, as he says, specimens of hypoleuca from New South

Wales, because the latter does not occur there, and there is no specimen in the

British Museum. Apparently he mistook females of C. robusta for males of

hypoleuca, but the latter is never so dark grey on the breast, aud has a shorter

wing.

5. C. papuensis ingens (Rothsch. & Hart., Bull. B.O.C. xxxiii. p. 107, 1914):

Manus, Admiralty Islands—Enormous size, primaries dark. Shafts of rectrices

2 from below.

©. papuensis angustifrons : Southern British New Guinea.—Unlike meekiana,

tet not the distinct breast-band of the latter, and nearest to C. p. hypoleuca, but

ae suaellen Primaries edged with whitish.

. C. papuensis mertoni Berl.: Aru Islands. We have not enough material

to ws about this form, but it must be very near to C. p. angustifrons, and, if

separable at all, only perhaps a shade darker. Count Berlepsch had evidently

insufficient material, and had better not have attempted to separate this form in

such an intricate group.

8. C. p. louisiadensis : Sudest Island, Louisiade Group. —Like C. p. hypoleuca,

but much larger bill. Wings edged with whitish. (Cf. Nov. Zool. 1898, p. 524.)

9. C. p. elegans : Ganibenon, New Georgia, Gizo, Vella Lavella Islands,—

Wings shorter than in Aypoleuca, bill rather more elongate.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 291

10. ©. p. perpallida : Bougainville, Ohoisenl, Isabel and Florida Islands. —

Like elegans, but upperside paler.

?11. C. p. timorlaoensis : Tenimber or Timorlaut Islauds.— Unfortunately we

have no specimens of this form, but if it is really an inhabitant of Tenimber, its

differences are doubtful. Meyer (Zeitschr. ges. Orn. i. p. 198, pl. ix) had only two

females, and possibly not the real hypoleuca, for comparison.

?12. ©. p. stalker? Math.: North Queensland (Cooktown) according to

Mathews (see Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 327). Said to have a greyer breast than hypoleuca,

but is, in our opinion, doubtfully distinct, though we have no good series to compare.

13. C. p. hypoleuca : Northern Territory of Australia—Underside very white,

primaries edged very light. Very near to C. p. angustifrons, but larger. —Mathews

separates another form which he calls Coracina hypoleuca parryi (Austral Avian

Record i, p. 43, 1912), from Parry’s Creek, in N.W. Australia. He says it is

lighter on the upperside (“ lighter upper-coloration ”) than C. p. hypoleuca, but we

cannot confirm this from comparison of three specimens from N.W. Australia.

We have a male and a female from Luang, and two females from Sermatta, which

appear to be inseparable from C. p. hypoleuca. The former were shot in November,

the latter in June, but we do not know whether these birds are inhabitants of these

islands, or only stragglers.

THE ALLEGED OCCURRENCE OF ARENARIA

MELANOCEPHALA (Vıe.) IN INDIA.

By ERNST HARTERT, Pn.D.

AL the third edition of the A.O.U. Check-List of North American Birds, p. 132,

in the distribution of Arenaria melanocephala (Vig.) is added: “accidental in

India.” No mention of the occurrence of this species outside of America is made

in the Cat. B. Brit. Mus.., nor in Dresser’s Manual of Pal. Birds, nor in Blanford’s

Birds of India, though it has been observed on the coast of N.E. Siberia from the

Tschuktschen Peninsula to the Wrangel Islands.

Upon inquiries in America Dr. Witmer Stone kindly gave me the following

information :

“The record (of the occurrence of Arenaria melanocephala in India) was made

by Cassin in vol. ix of the Pacific Railroad Reports (B. N. America), p. 702, and

was based on a specimen in the collection of Captain Boys. Captain Boys was an

officer in the British army in India, and the collection he made there was purchased

by Dr. Thomas B. Wilson, a former president of the Academy of Natural Sciences

in Philadelphia, to whom we are indebted for the Rivoli, Gould, and other collec-

tions, and who was, moreover, a great-uncle of Dr. Wilson of the Scott Antarctic

expedition, The specimen in question is now No. 11597 of our collection, and

bears a label similar to others in the Boys collection. It reads as follows:

‘ Strepsilas interpres young; sex(?). Evidently the collector was puzzled by

the appearance of the bird. Cassin’s identification is undoubtedly correct, as the

specimen is a typical melanocephala. There is no locality on this or any other

292 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916,

of Boys’ specimens. The whole collection, however, was made in India, and I have

seen no other specimen which gave any indication of having been taken elsewhere

than in India.”

Captain Boys collected in India. His name is mentioned as donor of specimens

to the Museum of the Asiatic Society in Calcutta, in Blyth’s catalogue of the Birds

in that collection of 1849, on pp. 29, 135, 152, 164, 167, 209, 249. The specimens

which he collected were, according to Blyth’s catalogue, from Sindh, Ferozepore,

Ludiana, the N.W. Provinces. It was Captain Boys, after whom was named the

Crested Lark of N.W. India, in the somewhat extravagant combination Certhilauda

Boysii, by Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, xv. p. 41 (1846). This form of Galerida

is now called Galerida cristata chendoola (Frankl.), as it was named Alauda

chendoola by Franklin in 1831.

Cases have often been considered of the origin of specimens in collections

supposed or asserted to have come from a certain locality. I believe such specimens

have, as a rule, not been admitted to the Hand-List of Brit. Birds, or into other

lists, and, in my opinion, they cannot be admitted to have come from any definite

locality unless they are fully labelled, with sufficient data. Not only is it always

possible that a single specimen might have been given or sent by a friend to a

collector, who only collected the birds of his country, and who kept this particular

specimen because it interested him, or for sentimental reasons; but it is also pos-

sible, and it has happened hundreds of times, that a wrong label was placed on a

specimen in the museum. Therefore it is, in my opinion, impossible to accept as

evidence of the occurrence of Arenaria melanocephala in “ India” the specimen

now in the Boys’ collection, merely because the latter was supposed, and seemed, to

consist only of Indian birds.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 293

ON THE EUROPEAN FORMS OF PHALACROCORAX

CARBO.

Br ERNST HARTERT, Pu.D.

1 the Catalogue of Birds, vol. xxvi., and in all recent works, even in the latest

critical list of British Birds by myself, Jourdain, Ticehurst and Witherby, only

one European form of Phalacrocorax carbo has been recognised. When I began to

study Cormorants for my work on the Palaearctic Birds it struck me at once that

there were evident differences in size and colour between some of them. In the

literature C. L. Brehm first separated the northern and central European Cor-

morants, and four years later Nilsson distingaished Phalacrocorax carbo major and

medius, saying that the latter was found on the Baltic, and nested on trees in

Blekinge, South Sweden, as well as in Denmark.

However, easy as it is to recognise two distinct forms, it is not quite so simple

to elucidate their nomenclature and distribution. Linne (Syst. Nat., Ed. X, i.

p. 133, 1758) first gave the name “ Pelecanus carbo,” and added: “ Habitat in

Europa,” and in the Fauna Suecica 1746, p. 42, he says: “Habitat in maris

scopulis, arboribusque insidet.” Jt can hardly be doubted that Linnaeus would

have united the two forms, if he had them before his eyes, and he had evidently

information about both when he said that they inhabited sea-cliffs and also sat on

trees ; in 1758 he said, either by mistake or from some new information, “ nidificat

in altis arboribus ” ; in considering the name we may disregard this later statement

and stand by the first one, of 1746, restricting the name cardo for the large

cormorant of the size of a goose (‘“ magnitudo anseris ”), occurring on the western

coasts of Scandinavia, where it inhabits rocks.

What is now the name of the smaller race of Central Europe which there, and

in most places of its habitat, nests on trees ?

in February 1915 I called Prof. Lönnberg’s attention to these two forms,

asking for information about Swedish specimens, and he most kindly answered my

questions, as far as he could. Prof. Lönnberg, in litt., agreed with me, that we

might restrict Linne’s name to the larger form from the sea-cliffs of the North

Atlantie, and informed me that no specimens existed in Swedish Museums from the

former breeding-place in Blekinge, but that Nilsson’s name medius must refer to

the smaller race—though Nilsson, unfortunately, did not mention the different

coloration. In an article in a popular periodical, Fauna och Flora, 1915, Häft 3,

Prof. Lönnberg came to the conclusion that Brehm’s name arboreus, being older

than that of Nilsson, would be available. In my opinion, however, it should

not be adopted, and the correct name, being the oldest and absolutely certain

one, is Brehm’s sudbcormoranus.

In the Handbuch der Naturgeschichte aller Vogel Deutschlands, pp. 816-20,

1831, C. L. Brehm distinguished four “Gattungen ” or “ subspecies ” (ef. p. xviii. of

the Zinleitung) of the Cormorant, as follows :

(1) Die Kormoranscharbe. Cardo cormoranus, Meyer.

Described as large (measurements in inches given) and having a blue-black

gloss. Habitat : Iceland and Norway, and young specimens sometimes visit the

294 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

shores of the Baltic and North Sea. This form I would call Phalacrocorax carbo

carbo (L.).

(2) Die Eisscharbe. Carbo glacialis, Brehm.

Described as being smaller (the measurements showing a slight difference and

the bill overlapping) and also having a blue-black gloss, as in No. 1. Habitat :

Greenland to Faroé, in winter to Iceland, and from Faroé to the German shores of

the North Sea. This is clearly a synonym of P. carbo carbo (L.)

(3) Die Baumscharbe. Carbo arboreus, Brehm.

Described as having the size of C. glacialis and the long tail of C. cormoranus,

but with a more highly-arched skull and shorter bill, also a differently-marked

juvenile plumage. Of its distribution Brehm says that it had immigrated into

Denmark about thirty years ago (which would mean about 1800), but that it was

everywhere persecuted and driven away, laid its eggs in empty nests in heronries,

came to the German shores of the Baltic and North Sea, and slept on trees. He

adds that it formerly lived by thousands in several places, whence it had been

driven away. The question is, whether this name can be adopted. In my opinion

it is uncertain ; evidently Brehm had only young specimens, and there is nothing

in the description to show that the bird described belonged to the smaller form; on

the contrary, he distinctly says that it is as large as his C. glacialis, with the tail

even longer! The Brehm collection contains no specimen from Denmark and only

a young bird from Riigen marked as ardoreus. It is not clear that the bird

described was from Denmark and one of those formerly nesting there, and that

the information as to its appearance and disappearance referred to birds of the

smaller race. We must certainly assume that this was the case, because a

specimen from Tunen, killed June 1, 1856, and others from Halstein in the

Copenhagen Museum, belong to the small race; but we do not know whether

Brehm described this race, as his description points rather to the contrary. On the

other hand, under No. 4 Brehm describes beautifully the Central European race.

(4) Die kleine Kormoranscharbe. Cardo subcormoranus, Brehm.

Described as being very much smaller than C. cormoranus, differing from it

as C.corone does from C. corax in size (Brehm liked striking comparisons), and

having a bluish-green instead of blue-black gloss !

It lives and nests in Holland. The collection contains a very fine adult male

shot near Rotterdam, May 8, 1823, which agrees perfectly with Central Huropean

ones, and is evidently the specimen described. Thus the description of subcormo-

ranus is excellent and absolutely certain—a type with exact locality, an adult

male, is extant; it is therefore more desirable to adopt this name than the some-

what uncertain name ardoreus. The fact of the nesting on trees is not a sure

criterion of the subspecies. While P. carbo carbo now apparently nests on rocks

only, there was once upon a time a colony in Norfolk on trees, though it must be

admitted that I have not seen a specimen from that colony to say that they were

P.¢. carbo and not subcormoranus.

On the other hand, P. carbo subcormoranus nests on trees—sometimes in

heronries—but on some seashores, as for example in the Mediterranean, on cliffs,

and exceptionally even among reeds.

We must thus clearly separate two European forms of Cormorants as follows :

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 295

Phalacrocorax carbo carbo (L.)

Generally larger, with larger bill ; underside deep blue-black.

Hab. Shores of North Atlantic, from Nova Scotia to Southern Greenland,

Iceland, Faroé Islands, British Isles, coasts of Norway, and thence to the Kola

Peninsula.

Phalacrocorax carbo subcormoranus (Brehm)

Smaller, with smaller bill; underside steel-black, with a distinct greenish

gloss.

Hab. Central Europe, north to the Baltic (formerly nesting in Blekinge and

Denmark, still found in North Germany), west to Holland and coast of France,

south to the Mediterranean (Italy, Dragonera), the Danube Valley, Black Sea basin,

and thence eastwards to Central Asia.

The few pairs of cormorants which formerly bred on the Channel Islands

probably belonged to this form as well. It will be interesting to compare adult

British Cormorants, and especially specimens from all the breeding-places in Great

Britain, in order to find out definitely whether both forms occur regularly. Some

specimens which I have seen seemed to be intermediate, others indistinguishable

from P. ce. subcormoranus ; but most adult breeding birds, and probably all, belong

to P. c. carbo.

Tam obliged to Professor Lönnberg for readily answering my questions, and

thankful to O. Haase for giving an extract, in translation, from the Swedish article

in “ Fauna och Flora,” in the Ornith. Monatsberichte, 1916, p. 45.

MORE ERRONEOUS QUOTATIONS AND OTHER ERRORS.

By ERNST HARTERT, Pu.D.

lie Nov. Zool., pp. 112-14, I have called attention to some wrong quotations and

careless double references, under totally different species, to one and the same

name. These do not only occur in vol. xxiv. of the Catalogue of Birds, but

also in other volumes of that immortal work, and in other books as well.

The first part of vol. xxv., dealing with the “ Gavae” or better Lari, was

written by Howard Saunders, who had for many years made the study of the Gulls

and their allies his speciality. One therefore expects in this portion of the work

a masterpiece ; it is doubtless very well compiled, but by no means without errors,

and not free of misprints and wrong quotations. I will only call attention to a few

mistakes I came across in the palaearctic species.

1. Larus naevius Linne, Syst. Nat. Ed. XII. i. p. 255, is quoted twice as

a synonym both of Larus marinus, on p. 243, and as one of Rissa tridactyla, on

p- 306, the quotation being in both cases rather inexact—in the first case as Syst.

Nat. p. 225 (without edition and volume), in the second as Syst. Nat. i. p. 225

(without mentioning the edition), There is very little doubt that the second

quotation is correct, the name Larus naevius being taken from Brisson, Orn. vi.

p- 185, pl. 17, fig. 2, while the size, the delicate grey back and the small hind-toe

without nail alone make it impossible to refer the name to Larus marinus, which

296 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

has a black back, is at least twice. as large, and has a very well-developed hind-toe

with claw.

2. Under Larus marinus is, I should say correctly, quoted Larus maculatus

Boddaert, 1783; this name is based on Le Grisard, Daubenton, pl. 266, therefore

the latter cannot have been published three years later, as stated by Saunders.

3. Sterna grisea Horsfield is described on p. 199, not 190 (see p. 6).

4. Sterna nubilosa Sparrman was published in 1788, not 1786 (see p. 18).

5. Gelochelidon Brehm is described on p. 771, not 774 (see p. 25).

6. In many places Saunders quoted names, which had already been used in

another sense, but without “nec . . . ,” an omission which causes now a great deal

of unnecessary additional work, while it would have been very easy to add these two

words, as the writer was perfectly aware of the fact. In other cases he says

“nec... ,” quoting the later author in connection with “nec,” which is a mis-

leading and senseless way of quoting.

7. Sterna senegalensis Swainson, 1837, is quoted as a synonym of both

Sterna fluviatilis and Sterna macrura (pp. 57 and 64); the name refers to the

former, not to the latter.

8. Sterna brachypus Swainson, 1837, is S. macrura (an potius paradisaea !),

but it appears on p. 252, not 152, as Saunders quoted.

9. The young bird figured by Sparrman as “ Larus polo-candor” (thus spelt !)

appears in the Museum Carlsonianum ii. fasc. 4 (not 3!) which was published in

1789, not 1788 (see p. 70).

10. Latham’s Gen. Synopsis, Suppl. I. appeared in 1787, not 1757 (see p. 75).

11. Larus nigrotis Lesson appears on p. 619, not 618 (see p. 175).

12. Larus plumbiceps is described in the Zusätze to Meyer & Wolf's

Taschenbuch, not vol. iii., which does not exist (see p. 181).

13. Larus brunnicephalus (sie !) appears on p. 225, not 25 (see p. 215).

14. The name Larus genei Breme, Rev. Zool. année 1839, p. 321, appeared in

1840 ; if it had appeared in 1839 it would of course have the priority over L. gelastes,.

a name which in 1838 was a clear nomen nudum ; fortunately it was diagnosed by

Keyserling & Blasius, Wirdelt. Eur. pp. xcv and 242, which probably appeared in

1840, so that we need not change it into genei (see p. 230).

15. “La grande Mouette cendrée” is figured on Daubenton’s plate 977,

not 997.

16. On p. 292 Saunders correctly quoted as a synonym of Larus glaucus

Brehm’s L. medius of 1822, but on p. 296 he quoted the same author’s L. minor as

a synonym of L. leucopterus. This is incorrect, because minor is merely a new

name for medius, as the description shows and a footnote explains.

The above instances are not a list of all the errors in vol. xxv., but only a few

I noticed incidentally. The descriptions of Saunders appear often to be taken from

single specimens, as are those of Sharpe throughout the Cat. B. Brit. Mus.,

therefore they do not fit every specimen, as gulls vary a good deal. Thekeys are

sometimes difficult to work; the description of Hydrochelidon leucoptera juv.

on p. 5 does not fit the first plumage, and Larus minutus juv. as well as

L. melanocephalus imm, (p. 170) should be in another section, as they do not

have a “black hood.”

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAL XXIII. 1916. 297

A NEW MONARCHA FROM ROSSEL ISLAND.

By LORD ROTHSCHILD ano ERNST HARTERT.

Wwe have recently received from Mr. A. S. Meek a fine collection from the

mountains (“ Mount Rossel’’) of Rossel Island, in the Louisiade group.

The collection contains not a single species which we had not previously received,

but a re-examination of an additional series of Monarcha cinerascens shows that

the form from Rossel Island is quite distinct. It belongs to the group with

darker grey throat and upperside, and is therefore closely allied to the bird

called M. cinerascens inornatus, but differs in having the inner and part of the

outer webs of the rectrices blackish slate-colour, the outer webs mostly grey; there

is in some specimens a black patch on the chin and another behind the nostrils,

in front of the lores, while in others these black spots are only indicated or not

developed. The abdomen is perhaps a shade brighter chestnut. The bill is

distinctly heavier, larger, and none of the specimens show a light space at the

base of the under-mandible. Culmen from forehead 22-23, wing 80-89 mm.,

this difference in size not due to sex, unless our series is partially wrongly pera

which we are afraid it is. We propose to call this form

Monarcha cinerascens rosselianus.

Type: dad. Rossel Island, 6. ii. 1898. No. 1385, A. S. Meek coll. In Mus.

Tring.

This new form resembles a good deal the female of Monarcha melanopsis,

but the darker tail and greyer lores serve to distinguish it easily, besides that

the males are quite different.

The nomenclature of this group of flycatchers is not quite satisfactory. The

name cinerascens (Drymophila cinerascens Temminck, Pl. Col. 430, Fig. 2,

livr. 72, 1827) was first given to a Timor bird, but a series from there is

wanting; we should not be surprised if Aösserensis should in the end prove to

be indistinguishable.

The name inornatus (Muscicapa inornata Garnot, Voy. Cogu., Zool., Atlas,

pl. 16, Fig. 2) was given to birds from “ New Guinea,” probably from the Arfak

Peninsula. From there we have never received specimens, and the type is an

immature individual. Ornithologists have recently used this name for the birds

from all parts of New Guinea, but in the face of the fact that in the Geelvink

Bay, on Mafor, a light grey form is found, and light birds inhabit the Key group

and Ternate as well as Halmahera (the Ternate birds being different from the

Geelvink Bay ones), there is a possibility, if not probability, that the Arfak bird

is similar to these, and not to the dark grey birds from Hastern Papua.

298 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW LARVIVORA.

By E. C. STUART BAKER.

Larvivora wickhami spec. nov.

Whole upper plumage slaty blue; forehead and above the lores rufous ; lores,

cheeks, and ear-coverts pale dull buff, the edges blackish, making this part of the

plumage mottled. Visible portions of the wing like the back; primary quills

blackish brown edged with dull buff. Tail, central feathers like the back, and the

outer ones blackish, suffused with slaty-blue on the outer webs.

Chin, throat, foreneck and breast light rusty chestnut, the centre of the throat

slightly paler. An indefinite slaty blue band, interrupted in the middle, across

the breast. Abdomen, vent and under tail-coverts white. Under wing-coverts

and axillaries dull rusty buff.

Bill black, legs very pale flesh-colour, almost white.

The tail feathers are very slightly acuminate, but would possibly be more

definitely so in a newly moulted bird.

Measurements: wing 72 mm.; tail 43 mm.; bill from front 10°5 mm., and

from gape about 15 mm.; tarsus 24 mm.; mid-toe with claw 17'3 mm.

The above bird was shot by Mr. P. Wickham of the Indian Forest Service

in April 1916, in the Chin Hills, at an elevation of about 5000 ft. The nest,

which was described as being like those of Larvivora brunnea, was made of moss

and grass on a bank, and contained four eggs, which also appear to have been

of the same blue as those of that bird.

I have named the species wickhami in honour of its discoverer. The type

is in the Tring Museum.

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| NOVITATES. Z0OLOGICAE

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NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE,

EDITED BY

LORD ROTHSCHILD, ERNST HARTERT, and KARL JORDAN.

CONTENTS -OF NO. IH.

. NOTES ON AMATHUSTIDAE, BRASSO-

LIDAE, MORPHIDAE, ETC., WITH

DESCRIPTIONS OF. NEW FORMS

(Prares IIL.— VI.)

THE NAME OF THE- CENTRAL EURO-

PEAN CORMORANT

ON THE LEPIDOPTERA IN THE TRING

MUSEUM SENT BY MR. A. S. MEER

FROM THE ADMIRALTY ISLANDS,

DAMPIER AND VULCAN ISLANDS

(CoNTINUED FROM Vor. XXII.).

ONE OF THE RAREST BIRDS (Prater I.)

NOTES ON THE LITTLE BUSTARD

(Prate IL).

ON THE NAME OF THE “AUKLETS” .

THE DISTRIBUTION OF COLUMBA

GYMNOPHTHA LMA .

ON THE ORIENTAL ANTHRIBID GENUS

APOLECTA.

. ON THE SPECIES OF SOMABRACHYS IN

THE TRING MUSEUM (Pirates VII. Ann

VAL ee es ee

ANTHRIBIDAE COLLECTED BY MON-

SIEUR I. VITALIS DE SALVAZA IN

FRENCH INDO-CHINA (Itnusrrarep) .

PAGES

Lord Rothschild . _ . 299—318

Ernst Hartert 318

Lord: Rothschild - 319° 334

Ernst Hartert 3 . 335—336

Ernst H artert i . 337—339

Ernst Hartert 5 . 339—340

Ernst Hartert — 341

Karl Jordan ; . 842—349

Karl Jordan ; 350908

Karl Jordan : . 359-363

Nomi Amis ZOOLOGICA.

Vol. XXIII. DECEMBER 1916. No, 3.

NOTES ON AWATHUSIIDAL, BRASSOLIDAH, MORPHI-

DAE, ETC., WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW FORMS.

By LORD ROTHSCHILD, F.R.S., Pr.D. man instipn N

(Plates IIL.-VL) Kern 2)

AMATHUSIIDAE ey )

Faunis tonal N us Bi

In this genus I have no special remarks to make, only several new subspeeies

to describe.

Faunis arcesilaus baliensis subsp. nov.

3 ¢. This race has hitherto been united with the Javan race a, caneus Hbnr.

both by myself and others, but I have come to the conclusion that it is distinct.

Differs from a. caneus in the more smoky olive, less rufous tinge above ; this is

more conspicuous in the ??. Below the transverse dark bands are more con-

spicuous than in the vast majority of a. caneus.

Hab. Bali; 1 3, 2 2 2, Danau Bratan, 2300 ft., January 1911 (E. Stresemann) ;

13, Gunung Bratan, 4000-6000 ft, January— February 1911 (E. Stresemann) ;

1 8, Bali, 2000-4000 ft., March 1896 (W. Doherty). (Type 2, Danau Bratan.)

Faunis arcesilaus bankensis subsp. nov.

3%. Nearest to a. hirata Dr. Nicéy., but smaller and much brighter, more

uniform rufous above. Below much paler and more yellowish olive.

Hab. Banka, 2 6S, 12, 1891 (Dr. Hagen).

Faunis stomphax lautensis subsp. nov.

3. Ditters from s. stomphax below in the oblique white band being much wider

and more distinct, reaching to terminal margin, On the upperside this band shines

throuch from below, which, as far as I am aware, is never the case in s. CUBANO

where the band is often entirely absent, and never reaches the margin.

Hab. Pulo Laut, 2 6d, 1891 (W. Doherty).

Faunis phaon sumatranus subsp. nov.

3. Differs from p. phaon in the smaller and more rounded hindwing and in

the basal half of hindwing below being uniform with the outer half, not much

darker, in the transverse band bordering this basal half being absent, and in there

being in its place an oblique darker line from costa to vein 4, as in stomphax,

21 FB)

300 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

Size = stomphax plateni, being smaller than p. phaon.

Hab. Sumatra, 2 dd (Felder coll.).

Of menado Hew. I have 1 & from the Island of Siao which is nearest to

m. syllus Fruhst. from Gangir, but smaller. I cannot, however, describe it from

one not very fresh speeimen.

XANTHOTAENIA

I have no remarks to make except that I consider this genus ought to come

before instead of after Aemon«a, as Fruhstorfer has placed it.

Xanthotaenia busiris batuensis subsp. nov.

3. Above considerably paler than 2. busiris and much more cinnamon rufous.

Below it is even paler than b. polychroma Hag.

Hab. Batu Island, 2 dd, 1896-97 (H. Raap).

AEMONA

I only have a new subspecies to describe.

Aemona amathusia tonkinensis subsp. nov.

d. Differs from a. amathusia above in having a more rufous less greyish wash,

and in the postmedian bands of the forewings being more developed, also on the

hindwing the zigzag band basad of the postmedian line is much more pronounced

and rufous brown. Below the difference is almost nil.

Hab. Tonkin, 2 dd, Yubay.

HYANTIS

Here I can only remark that my ZZ. albiplaga must be reduced to a subspecies.

It shows the same light and dark variation that is found throughout the range of

the single species hodeva Hew. The much more abundant light phase must bear

the name:

Hyantis hodeva albiplaga ab. pallida ab. nov.

Both A. albiplaga and the ab. pallida differ from A. fuliginosa G. Smith and

its ab. oxyophthalma Stich. in the ocellus on the hindwing above being much more

flat and less defined in addition to other differences. HH. Ah. albiplaga is from the

Snow Mountains, while 4. /uliginosa is from Kapaur.

Morphopsis

(dal, ny, Hees

Here we find some interesting problems. Hitherto, owing to the scarcity of

this genus in collections, two totally different species have been confused under the

name M, albertisi Oberth. Even Herr Fruhstorfer in Seitz failed to perceive this

fact. The error arose because Mr. Henley Grose Smith, when he worked out

Doherty’s colleetions from Biak and Humboldt Bay, had, like most of us, never

seen a d of true albertisi. The second species remained in collections as the ¢ of

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAH XXIII, 1916. 301

albertisi till August of this year, when it was described and figured by Messrs.

Joicey and Talbot (Trans. Entom. Soc. Lond. 1916. p. 74. pl. V. f. 2. 8) under the

name of M. biakensis sp. nov. This name is unfortunate, as the species occurs in

several parts of the mainland of New Guinea in a form identical with the specimens

from Biak. As the ? of biakensis has not been figured, I give (Pl. IV. fig. 4) a

figure of a specimen from Mafor Island ; the & figured (f. 3) is from Humboldt Bay.

I give for comparison at fig. lad of M. albertisi astrolabiensis Stich., and at

fig. 2a 2 of my new M. a. milnei. Messrs. Joicey, Noakes and Talbot described in

1915 (Trans. Entom. Soc. Lond, 1915. p. 366. pl. LX. f. 1) a subspecies of my

Morphopsis ula, which is of great interest faunistically.

Morphopsis albertisi milnei subsp. nov.

CAL IN, 32 22)

3. Differs above from a. albertisi in its paler rufous ground-colour, in the con-

spicuous fulvous orange patch between the large ocellus and the terminal margin of

the forewing, and in the greater width of the oblique yellow band of the forewing

towards termen. Below it differs in its sharper markings and in the almost

complete absence of the dark cloud-band between and beyond the ocelli of hindwing.

?. Differs above in the darker forewings, in which the postocular patch and

oblique band show similar differences as in the 3, and in the submarginal band of

hindwing being reddish grey-brown like the rest of the wing, not rusty orange.

Below it differs chiefly in the more sharply defined markings.

Hab. Milne Bay, S.E. New Guinea, 48 d,3 2, January 1899 (A. S. Meek).

(Type d.)

Morphopsis albertisi setakwaensis subsp. nov.

3%. Differ from M. a. albertisi and M.a. astrolabiensis in the much straighter,

less zigzag submarginal band to the hindwing above, which, like «a. astrolabiensis,

is much redder, less orange than in a. albertisi.

Hab. Snow Mountains and coast of S.W. Dutch New Guinea, 10 dd, 1%,

Utakwa, Setakwa, and Eilanden Rivers (A. F. R. Wollaston and A. S. Meek).

Morphopsis albertisi mambarensis subsp. nov.

?. Differs in the very dark dusky colour above and very dark outer half of

hindwing below. This 2 appears to be the largest of all the ? ? of the ulbertisi

forms.

Length of forewing : 59°5 mm, Expanse: 126 mm.

Hab. Mambare River, N.E. New Guinea, 1 2, 5000 ft., March 1906 (A. 8.

Meek).

Morphopsis albertisi kumusii subsp. nov.

3%. Differ in the small size, very bright rufous colour, in the small ocellus on

hindwing above, and the very large orange postocular patch of forewing.

Length of forewing: ?, a. albertisi, 55 mm. Expanse: 117 mm.

5 ¥ 55 2, a. kumusiü, 49 mm. Fr 104 mm.

Hab. Kumusi River, N.E. New Guinea, 3¢¢,1 ?, August 1907 (low eleva-

tion) (A, S, Meek).

302 NOVITATES ZooLocican XXIII. 1916.

The following key to the subspecies of M. albertisi will, I trust, be of use :

(ser band of hindwing very strongly dentate and orange in colour 2.

1.4 Subterminal band of hindwing not so strongly dentate and not orange,

more uniform in colour with wing . ; ; j h : 0. Sh

> fOblique pale band of forewing wider . 5 e . a. albertisi Oberth.

“ \Oblique pale band of forewing narrower 6 5 a. aigion Fruhst.

fPostocular orange patch on forewing absent or honey indicated . Ro:

* \Postocular patch on forewing conspicuous. : 0 seal

Postocular patch smaller, general colour darker and dagldion:

A a. milnei Rothsch.

Postocular patch larger, general colour brighter, more rufous

a. kumusii Rothsch.

fSubterminal band of hindwing more dentate 5 : 6 a ao!

" \Subterminal band of hindwing much less dentate. a. setakwaensis Rothsch.

Larger, much darker, and duskier : 5 . a. mambarensis Rothsch.

Smaller, brighter rufous 3 : ; ‘ : a. astrolabiensis Stich.

Morphopsis biakensis Joicey & Talbot

(Pl. IV. £ 3, 4)

The Tring Museum has the following specimens of this species :

13,12, Suer, Mafor Island, May and June 1897 (W. Doherty); 5 dd,

Kapaur, December 1896 (low country) (W. Doherty); 2 dd, Humboldt Bay,

September—October 1892 (W. Doherty) ; 1d, N.W. Dutch New Guinea (H. Kühn).

This species differs at first sight from M. albertisi by its smaller and round

hindwing, and the strongly lobed area of forewing below vein 1.

Taenaris

Here I have a number of new forms to describe and some remarks to make.

Taenaris diana bisae subsp. nov.

3d. Above differs from d. diadema Fruhst. in the brown above median and

between costa and vein 4 being darker. Below there is little difference ; 1 3 has

an incomplete secondary ocellus above tornus of hindwing, and the second d has no

trace of this.

?. Differs very considerably from ? d. diadema; the pale area is almost pure

white, not suffused with cream yellow, and on both wings is much more sharply

separated from the brown suffused portions of the wings; the outer edges being

sharply defined. Below the anal ocellus of hindwing is round and single, and the

pale areas also much whiter.

Hab. Pulo Bisa, N. of Obi Island, 2 dd, 1 ?, September 1897 (W. Doherty).

Taenaris dina insularis subsp. nov.

GL INU wie 1h hs BS)

Herr Fruhstorfer in Seitz informs us that up to the time of writing dina

Stand. had only been found in what was then the German portion of N.E. New

Guinea. The Tring Museum possesses a d and ? from Salawatti,a 5 (?) anda ?

from the Snow Mountains which represent two new and distinct snbspecies.

NovITATEs ZOOLOGICAE XXIII, 1916. 303

d. Differs from d. dina above in having the white portions of the wings

strongly suffused with buff, the brown of the costal and apical third of forewing

paler, more liver-brown, and extending farther into cell and on to vein 3, and

the discocellulars are brown, not white. The hindwings are entirely buffish white,

with only a border of dark brown, and the dark patch surrounding the ocelli is

smaller and darker, and is surrounded, except on the inner side, with a broad

golden ring.

Below it differs in the white area of forewing being less pure and the apical

brown area being more extended. On the hindwing it differs in the white being

less pure, the apical ocellus larger, and in the space between median vein and

abdominal margin above the ocellus being orange buff.

2. Differs above in the whole hindwing being white, with only a marginal

band of sooty brown, and the dark patch surrounding the double ocellus much more

sharply defined. Below on hindwing the dark margin is narrower, the area above

ocellus and below median vein is buff, not merely tinged with creamy buff, and the

yellow band round the double ocellus encircles it much more, while the black outer-

most band is much narrower.

Hab. Salawatti, 13,1% (H. Kühn) ; 18 (?) (H. Kühn) (labelled erroneously

Sorong).

Taenaris dina sordidior subsp. nov.

2. Differs from d. dina above in the dirty buffy white, not pure white, of fore-

wing, the dark brown heavily-defined nervures and the brownish suffusion running

in from apical and terminal areas. On hindwing the brown-grey outer area is less

dense and paler, while the whole wing above median vein is whiter, though all

white parts are much suffused with buff.

Hab. Snow Mountains and Coast of S.W. Dutch New Guinea, 1 ?, near

Oetakwa River, 3000 ft., December 1910 (A. S. Meek).

Taenaris microps Gr. Smith

Fruhstorfer suggests that this is either an aberration of g. gorgophone or a

species having the same relationship to it as dina has to dimona. It is certainly to

my mind a good species and not an aberration, but it is much nearer te dimona

than to any of the forms of gorgo.

Taenaris bioculatus cameronensis subsp. nov.

3. Above nearest to 4. charondos Fruhst., but almost entirely suffused on both

wings with sooty grey. Below pale areas on both wings duller and more suffused

with grey.

Hab. Mount Cameron, Owen Stanley Range, 1d, July—August 1896

(Anthony).

Taenaris catops rosseliana subsp. nov.

$2. Above very similar to c. adriana Fruhst. from Fergusson, but differs at

first sight by the black on the outer portion of hindwing only extending just

beyond vein 4, not to beyond vein 2. Below the much less extent of the black on

both wings is at once conspicuous.

Hab. Rossel Island, Louisiade Islands, 4 3d, 9 22, January 1898 (A. S.

Meek) ; 6 dd, 4 22, November 1915 (W. F. Eichorn).

304 Novitates Zootogicar XXIII. 1916.

Taenaris phorcas admiralitatis subsp. nov.

E 2. Above differ from all other forms of phorcas in the strongly reduced white

area of the hindwing, while on the forewing the white area is as extended as in

p. uranus Staud. Below the white area on the hindwing is also much reduced.

Hab. Admiralty Islands, 7 6d, 7 22, St. Gabriel Island, April 5-6, 1899,

(Capt. Cayley Webster); 3 dd, 5 22, Manus (Meek Expedition).

Taenaris onolaus Kirsch and Taenaris honrathi Staud.

Herr Fruhstorfer in Seitz unites these and a number of other forms as sub-

species of one species onolaus. In my opinion this is not correct, and I believe that

these two forms form two quite distinct species, each with a group of subspecies.

The following is the synoptical table of the two species :

Taenaris honrathi honrathi Staud., Waigeu.

Taenaris honrathi sekarensis Staud., West New Guinea.

Taenaris honrathi ritsemae Fruhst., Humboldt Bay.

Taenaris honrathi rebeli Fruhst., N.E. New Guinea.

Taenaris onolaus onolaus Kirsch, N.W. New Guinea.

Taenaris onolaus ida Honr., N.E. New Guinea.

Taenaris onolaus saturatior Fruhst., S.E. New Guinea.

Taenaris onolaus montana Stich., Upper and Middle Aroa River.

Taenaris scylla Staud.

This fine species was obtained on Biak Island as well as on Mysore (Korrido)

by Messrs. A., C., and F. Pratt when collecting there in 1914 for Mr. Joicey.

Taenaris dioptrica orientalis subsp. nov.

3. Nearest to d. onesimides Fruhst. Differs above in its paler and more

yellow ground colour and in the much greater amount of brown-black between anal

angle and vein 3. Below it differs in its paler forewings and much less extent

of black on hindwings.

?. Differs above in the much darker outer two-fifths of hindwing, and in the

larger and blacker ocellus. Below on the forewing it differs in the large pale

whitish patch between veins 1 and 4, and in the ocelli being larger, darker, and

better defined.

Hab. N.E. New Guinea; 2 dd, 6 22, Erima (Dr. Hagen), Astrolabe Bay

and Constantinhafen (Wahnes).

Taenaris artemis queenslandica subsp. nov.

3. Nearest to a. sticheli Fruhst. Differs from this form in the larger ocelli

above, which are widely ringed with golden yellow. Below the ocelli are slightly

larger and more sharply defined.

Messrs. Waterhouse and Lyell record a. jamesi Butl. in 9 dd, 22 ?, from

Darnley Island. (Type locality Yule Island.)

Hab. North Queensland, 1 ¢.

NOVITATES ZooLogican XXIIL, 1916. 305

Taenaris artemis tineutus Fruhst.

Herr Fruhstorfer in Seitz asserts, without having made any inquiries at Tring,

that only three specimens of this very striking form are known, the type being

in the British Museum from the Crowley collection. As a matter of fact there. are

in the Tring Museum 4 dd and 9 2 2, collected by A. S. Meek, March and April

1897, and the larger number of these have the costal area of forewing grey, not

white, and the abdominal margin of hindwings also strongly suffused with black

scales.

Taenaris meeki spec. nov.

(Pl, IIL. #3 3, 7 2)

3. Closely allied to 7. a. artemis in the absence of the black scent-patch on

abdominal area of hindwing ; but differs at a glance by the much narrower and

more produced forewings, the much more deeply concave hindmargin of the fore-

wings, and in the much more defined ocellus, which is bright blue in the centre

and broadly ringed with orange golden.

Forewing above basal half obliquely bluish mouse-grey, with white nervures,

outer half white, apex broadly bluish mouse-grey. Hindwing above basal three-

fifths white, golden buff between veins 1 and 2, outer two-fifths bluish monse-grey

between costa and vein 2, beyond vein 2 to abdominal margin whitish grey ; on

this whitish grey area are bunches of cinnamon hairs, Terminal and abdominal

margins blackish grey. Ocellus of hindwing above very blue in black centre,

widely ringed with orange golden. Below the forewing is similar to above, but

the grey is darker; the hindwing is all white suffused with grey in outer third and

with buff between abdominal margin and vein 2.

2. Larger. Forewing above with grey much darker, but otherwise coloured as

in d.—— Hindwing with the outer dark area blackish sooty brown-grey, and the

abdominal area almost all sooty brown-grey, and the buff area paler; ocellus very

large. Below in forewing the white area more diffused and not reaching termen,

in hindwing the dark outer area reduced.

Length of forewing: ¢ 48 mm., ? 58mm. Expanse: ¢ 102°5, 2 123 mm.

Hab. Snow Mountains, S.W. Dutch New Guinea; d, Upper Setekwa River,

2000-3000 ft., June—July 1910; 2, Near Oetakwa River, 3500 ft., October—

November 1910 (A. 8. Meek).

Taenaris perplexus spec. nov.

This is a very puzzling species ; it is nearest in appearance to ¢. anella Stich.,

and like that form and its typical form tainéa tainia Fruhst. has the black scent-

scale patch on abdominal area.

3. Forewing above white, apex and area between vein 3 and inner margin,

except middle third of inner margin, pale grey. Hindwing above white,

outer two-fifths above vein 2 deep grey, except between the reflected ocelli, where

it is suffused with white; the ocelli show through from below, but are entirely

absent above. Below on the forewing the white is much restricted, and on hind-

wing the whole central three-quarters is white; the grey on both wings is darker,

and the ocelli as in ¢. anella.

?. Above entirely white ; forewing with apex and costal area brownish grey ;

hindwing, basal third washed with golden buff, outer margin broadly brownish grey.

306 NOVITATES ZooLoGicaAn XXIII. 1916.

Below: forewing, apical third dark brownish grey; hindwing, inner half white

suffased with buff, outer balf and costal area broadly dark sooty brownish grey.

Length of forewing: d 44 mm.; 252mm. Expanse: d 94 mm. ; 2 112 mm.

Hab. Triton Bay, S.W. New Guinea, & (Webster), August 1896; ? (H. Kühn),

July 23, 1896.

Taenaris rothschildi parallelus subsp. nov.

3?. This is a parallel form to artemis ziada Fruhst., and, apart from the

patch of black scent-scales on abdominal area, only differs at first sieht by the lack

of the orange base of hindwing and the pale pure grey, not reddish brown-grey, of

its colour. Pure grey above, apical half of forewing, except apex, pure white,

abdominal area of hindwing in d with patch of dark buff hairs, ocellus generally

absent or ill defined. Below much darker than in r. rothschildi, but not so dark as

in r. merana.

Hab. Misol, 1333, 222 (Dr. Tauern); 5 dd, 3 2 2, January 1899 (H.

Kühn).

Taenaris myops miscus Fruhst.

Fruhstorfer states that only 1 4, the type from Normanby Island in the

British Museum, is known. There are in the Tring Museum 6 3d, 4 2 2, obtained

by A. 8. Meek on Goodenough Island, March—May 1913.

Taenaris myops misolensis subsp. nov.

3. Above similar to m. myops, but the hindwing below is, except the base and

the outer edge beyond apical ocellus from costa to vein 4, pure dull white.

?. Has underside of hindwing also whiter, with no buff suffusion.

Hab. Misol, 2 3S (Dr. Tauern); 1 ?, January 21, 1899 (H. Kühn).

Taenaris kirschi Stand. and Taenaris mailua Gr. Smith

Fruhstorfer in Seitz includes these and a number of similar forms as sub-

species under myops Feld. I do not agree with this treatment, and as I have

several new forms which demonstrate a much wider distribution for Airschh I am

convinced that there are three species, of which the following table gives the

synopsis :

Taenaris myops myops Feld., Aru Islands.

Taenaris myops praxedes Fruhst., Salawatti.

Taenaris myops fergussonia Fruhst., Fergusson Island.

Taenaris myops miscus Fruhst., Normanby and Goodenough Islands.

Taenaris myops misolensis Rothsch., Misol.

Taenaris myops verbeeki Fruhst., S.E. New Guinea.

Taenaris kirschi kirschi Staud., S.E. New Guinea.

Taenaris kirschi occidentalis Rothsch., Kapaur.

Taenaris kirschi interfaunus Rothsch., Humboldt Bay.

Taenaris hirschi convergens Rothsch., Fergusson Island.

Taenaris mailua mailua Gr. Smith, Mountains of S.E. New Guinea.

Taenaris mailua littoralis Rothsch., Coastal Region of 8.E. New Guinea.

Taenaris mailua rosseli Fruhst., Rossel Island.

307

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIIT. 1916.

Taenaris kirschi occidentalis subsp. nov.

3. Above differs from %. Airschi in being much darker and browner ; the white

on the forewing is more diffused and ill-defined, being also suffused with greyish

brown ; on the hindwing it differs in only having the basal third whitish and

this much suffused. Below it is much darker, and the white is not saturated with

orange buff.

?. Above has much more white on forewing and much less on hindwing.

Below it presents the same differences as the & does.

Hab. Kapaur, 33 3,1 2, December 1896—January 1897 (W. Doherty).

Taenaris kirschi interfaunus subsp. nov.

3. Differs from %. kirschi and %. occidentalis above in the much greater extent

of white on the forewing, and differs from %. occidentalis in being much whiter on

the lower half of the dark outer two-thirds of hindwing and on abdominal area. A

_ second d has the dark areas silver-grey but distributed in the same proportions.

- Hab. Humboldt Bay, 2 oo, September—October 1892 (W. Doherty).

Taenaris kirschi convergens subsp. nov.

3. Above differs from A. kirschi in the orange golden costal area of forewing

and the almost obliterated white area of forewing. On the hindwing it has less

white than #. kirschi but more than %. occidentalis. All the white is suffused with

brownish. Below the white on both wings is much reduced, and the anal ocellus is

very conspicuous from its very broad deep orange border.

Hab. Fergusson Island, 1 3, July—December 1894 (A. S. Meek).

Taenaris mailua littoralis subsp. nov.

3%. Differ above from m. mailua in being paler grey.

?. Below is generally whiter on hindwing.

Hab. Milne Bay, 8 dd, 6 2 2, November 1898 (A. S. Meek).

Morphotenaris

Here I have nothing to add, and only give drawings of two hitherto unfigured

forms.

Morphotenaris schönbergi littoralis Rothsch.

(Pl. II. £. 4)

Morphotenaris schönbergi wollastoni Rothsch.

(Pl. IV. f. 5)

Stichophthalma

Here there are several points to mention.

Stichophthalma sparta Nicév.

(le JW. 4% GO @))

Herr Fruhstorfer has placed this as a subspecies of howgua, which was entirely

due to the d being unknown. It is a quite distinct species allied to louisa.

308 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

3. Basal two-fifths of forewing rufous-orange, with lines of underside showing

through, outer three-fifths cream-colour, with a submarginal row of small arrow-

shaped or chevron-shaped dark brown patches and a marginal band of long lunate

spots or streaks. Hindwing, basal two-thirds rufous-orange also, with the lines

of the underside showing through, outer third buffish yellow with large black

arrow-shaped chevrons. Below it is much yellower than lowösa, and the lines are

much straighter and less crenulated.

1 &, Kindah, Upper Burmah.

Stichophthalma louisa siamensis subsp. nov.

?. Differs from the other two races of louisa by the basal half of forewing and

the whole of the hindwing above being brownish rust-red, and the arrow-shaped or

chevron-shaped patches on both wines being much larger. Below it is much darker

and more suffused with green.

Hab. Siam, 12.

Stichophthalma fruhstorferi Röb.

Fruhstorfer places this as a subspecies of lowsa, but this turns out to be

incorrect, as I have specimens from the same locality of S. lowisa mathilda and

Sruhstorfert. The latter is a very distinct species, which is much nearer to camadeva,

as the submarginal patches and violet tint on the hindwings show.

Stichophthalma cambodia Westw.

Fruhstorfer suggests that this may be a subspecies of lowisa. It is, however,

quite a distinct species, and I have recently described a closely allied form from

Siam, which flies together with my Jlowisa siamensis, and which I have named

S. godfreyi.

Stichophthalma camadeva nagaensis subsp. nov.

3. Above much paler than either c. camadeva or c. camadevoides, and at once

conspicnous by its golden yellow costa and very small chevrons on the forewing.

Below more uniform rufous, and at once distinguishable from the other two sub-

species by all the transverse lines and bands being much straighter, less zigzag,

and less crenulate.

Hab. Naga Hills, 1 3.

Zeuxidia semperi excelsa subsp. nov.

3. Distinguished at first sight from s. semper? and s. therianaca by its large

size and very broad paler lavender band on forewing, and the outer paler lavender

band of hindwing being throughout of uniform width. Below it is at once dis-

tinguished from both by the strong violet mauve suffusion over the whole surface

of the wings.

Length of forewing: 61 mm. Expanse: 128 mm.

Hab. Negros, 1 3, low country, February 1896 (J. Whitehead).

NOVITATES ZooLoGicAr XXIII. 1916. 309

Thauria

Here I can only repeat what I have said in the Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 17.

p. 475, 1916—viz., that 7. lathyi is a distinct species, and not a local form of aliris.

The Tring Museum possesses from the Tenasserim Valley, from Toungoo, Burmah,

and from Perak specimens of true 7h. aliris pseudoliris with very narrow yellow

oblique bands on the forewings, which in the ¢ have large androconial hair-tufts

in the cell of the hindwing, and other specimens with broader white bands to the

forewings and no androconial hair-tufts in the cell of the hindwing. Th. aliris

intermedia Crowley has very conspicuous androconial tufts. Below is the synoptical

table of the two species.

Thauria aliris aliris Westw., Borneo.

Thauria aliris pseudoliris Butl., South and Central Burmah, Tenasserim, and

Malay Peninsula.

Thauria aliris intermedia Crowley, N. Burmah.

Thauria lathyi lathyi Fruhst., Tonkin.

Thauria lathyi siamensis Rothsch., Siam.

Thauria lathyi amplifascia Rothsch., South and Central Burmah, Tenasserim,

Malay Peninsula.

BRASSOLIDAE

This family has been of late years revised by Stichel and Fruhstorfer, but I

have grave doubts as to whether it has been correctly treated. On the one hand

the typical genus Brassolis consists of heavily built small or medium-sized insects

with the general fascies of the moth family Castniidae, while their larvae resemble

large Hesperid larvae minus the thin long neck, being smooth and cylindrical, with

a largish and round horny head. On the other hand we have the genera Dynastor,

Opsiphanes, Dasyophthalma, Eryphanis, Caligo, and Narope, which either have

the general fascies of the Satyridae or of heavy-bodied Nymphalidae, while their

larvae have horned heads like Charaxes, and long rather flat bodies with long

forked tails like Satyridae larvae. Then there is Penetes, of which the larva is

unknown, and appears in general fascies intermediate between Opsiphanes and

Brassolis, but nearer the former.

I personally consider the genus Brassolis should alone be retained in the

family Drassolidae and the rest form a new family (Caligonidae) of their own,

which has been treated by Frubstorfer as a subfamily only. Fruhstorfer, while

stating that the larvae of Dynastor were undescribed, nevertheless puts it calmly

into the section he calls subfamily Brassolinae without tail-forks. The truth is

that the larvae have long tail-forks, and I figure that of napoleon and that of

darius on Pl. III. f. 5 and Pl. VI. f. 13.

CALIGONIDAE

Dynastor napoleon Westw.

(Pl. III. f. 5 larva, f. 6 pupa)

Larva large and slug-like, bright grass-green with a number of short hairs ;

head rufous brown with two short spines on each side and a pair of much longer

ones behind. Along the back are four lozenge-shaped or longish oval chestnut

patches with a black central spot. The last segment ends in two very long tails.

310 Novirarus ZOOLOGICAR XXIII. 1916.

Pupa resembles in shape a large pupa of Opsiphanes, greyish buff except

on thorax, where it is mouse-grey, and a large grey-brown patch on wing-cases

enclosing some white spots, a white oblong mark at base of antennae.

Described and figured from a sketch by E. Hartgen.

Food plants: Bromeliaceous plants, “ Travata,” January and February.

Dynastor darius darius Fabr.

(Pl. VI. f. 13 larva, f 11 pupa)

Larva much darker green than that of napoleon, less hairy, and with only

one large and one smaller lozenge spot on the back, head dull brown, horns and

tails much shorter.

Pupa deep grass-green with irregular black-and-white patches on wing-cases

and at base of antennae.

Food plants: pineapple and other Bromeliads, “ Gravata.”

Described and figured from a sketch by E. Hartgen.

Dynastor macrosiris strix Bates and D. macrosiris hannibal Oberth.

Of m. striz the Tring Museum has 1 ? from Merida, Venezuela (Briceno coll.).

Of m. hannibal it has 1 &, Colombia! (Felder coll.) and 1 ?, Sarabo, near Pasto,

S. Colombia (W. Goodfellow).

Of D. napoleon there are in the Tring Museum 11 ¢d,9 22.

Opsiphanes aorsa colombiana subsp. nov.

3. Above differs from a. hilanis Stich. in the oblique band of the forewing

being darker and brighter orange and considerably broader below vein 4. Below

it is intermediate in colour and marking, but the postmedian angled cream band

has the lower half broken into spots as in a. hilanis.

Hab. Colombia, 1, Bogota.

Opsiphanes syme colombicola subsp. nov.

d. Differs from s. syme and s. fumosa in being much greyer above, the basal

two-thirds of forewing and the disc of hindwing having hardly any yellow suffusion.

Below the ground colour of hindwing is also much greyer and duller.

Hab. Colombia, 1¢, Popoyan, Lehmann.

Opsiphanes batea batea Hbn.

(Pl. V. f. 8 larva, f. 6 pupa)

Larva long, narrow, flat, and sluglike green; down centre of back runs a

pinkish mauve line bordered on each side with white ; head with two horns behind

pinkish mauve; tail-forks medium pinkish mauve ; legs, pro-legs, and underside

pinkish mauve ; legs tipped with black.

Pupa whitish grey streaked with darker grey, and with bright reddish pink

lines except on the wing-cases.

Described and figured from a sketch by E. Hartgen.

Food plant : a species of palm.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 311

Opsiphanes cassiae lucullus Fruhst.

(Pl. V. f. 7 larva, f. 5 pupa)

Larva long, narrow, cylindrical, and sluglike apple green, with whitish tinge

including the medium tail-forks ; head, with two pairs of horns, lavender grey.

Pupa bright green, with grey ridge to hind edge of wing-cases.

Food plant : banana,

Described and figured from a sketch by E. Hartgen.

Opsiphanes tamarindi latifascia subsp. nov.

3. Similar to ¢. incolumis Stich., but differs at once by the oblique band of the

forewing being much whiter and quite double as wide ; the dark ground colour is

darker and duskier. Below it is darker and the markings more strongly defined.

Hab. S.E. Peru, 1 d Oroya, Inambari ; 3000 ft., dry season, April 1901 (G.

Ockenden).

= Opsiphanes bogotanus bogotanus Dist.

(Pl. VI. £. 5 larva, f. 6 pupa)

Larva slug-shaped, long, rather flat. Above dull apple-green, with broad

dorsal line of pale brick-red, the edges of which line are darker; head greenish

brown, with three pairs of horns.

Pupa deep apple-green, with large golden spot on each side,

Food plant : banana.

San Antonio s. Tocota, 1500-1700 m. = 4960-5550 ft., Colombia.

Described and figured from one larva and two pupae sent by A. H. Fassl.

Opsiphanes bogotanus peruanus subsp. nov.

3%. Differs above from the largest 0. bogotanus in being darker, with hardly

any red shade, and the oblique band on the forewing is whiter and much broader.

Below the ground-colour is more uniform, and the dark suffusion between base of

hindwing and ocellus is absent.

Hab. Peru, 9 $3 Chanchamayo ; 1 ? (Felder coll.), Peru.

Opsiphanes invirae remoliatus Fruhst.

(Pl. VI. £. 10 larva, f. 12 pupa)

Larva sluglike, thick in middle, tapering to both ends, bright green, median

dorsal band and broad band below spiracles golden yellow ; head with four short

horns brownish pink, brighter red on back portion; tail-forks medium darker

green.

Pupa light green, with golden spot on each side.

Food plant : giriva and palms.

Described and figured from a sketch by E. Hartgen.

Opsiphanes flemmingi spec. nov.

(Pl. V. f. 4)

d. This is a most remarkable species; above it much resembles berecynthia Cr.,

but below it agrees only with O. singularis Weym. Above deep rufous chocolate

brown ; an ill-defined, much obliterated, curved, oblique band beyond cell of forewing

312 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

reaching from costa nearly to tornus ; three white spots, of which the third is largest

just before apex ; a large black spot representing ocellus of underside just beyond

oblique band. Hindwing without any markings, but two large patches of black

androconia, Beneath rufous yellow, strongly vermiculated with black and grey ;

the position of ocelli and other pattern best seen from figure.

Length of forewing: 54mm: Expanse: 1145 mm.

Hab. Rio Dourango, N.W. Eeuador, 1 d, 350 ft., June 1901 (Flemming and

Miketta).

Opsiphanes berecynthia buenavistae subsp. nov.

3 ?. Above much like the subspecies 4. bereeynthina Hopf. ; but curved orange

band of forewing narrower and more angled. Below duller and greyer.

Hab. Bolivia, 6 33,392, Buenavista, E. Bolivia, 750 m. = 2437 ft., August

1896— April 1897 (J. Steinbach), (type ?); 1 2 Salampioni, 800 m. = 2600 ft.

(Simons); 1d, San Ernesto, 1000 m. = 3250 ft., September 1900 (Simons); 1 3,

Mapiri District, 1895; 1d, Sta Cruz de la Sierra, 1905-1906; 1 3, Prov. Sara,

February 1904 (J. Steinbach).

Opsiphanes josephus excisus subsp. nov.

3. Differs above from 5. josephus in the wider band and less faleate wing ; this

orange band is much more excised on the inner side than in either j. josephus or

J. excultus.

?. Similar to d, but much larger, and has a rather broad orange margin to

the hindwing above vein 4; the band on the forewing is so excised and redaced

that it resembles a picture of a flash of forked lightning. Below both sexes are

paler than in either of the other subspecies. I believe this is the first recorded 3

of josephus.

Hab. Colombia Coast Region, 1 5, 1%, Rio Dagua (W. Rosenberg).

Caligo

Here there are numerous remarks to make.

Caligo teucer Linn.

Herr Stichel has wrongly united minor Kaye with his ¢, inswlanus, which

has caused Fruhstorfer to rename minor as eurylochus phryasus.

Caligo ilioneus pampeiro Fruhst.

(Bln vein)

Larva long, cylindrical, tapering sharply to both ends, brownish wood yellow

tinged with pink, with a median dorsal very sharply defined black-brown line, and

two lateral ones less straight, much less sharp, and paler, more greyish; in between

these three lines numerous cloudy and indistinct greyish streaks and lines; the

head buffish, with two black-brown bands on each side ; tail-forks moderate; whole

body, head, and tail covered with short buffish hairs; on median line four or five

short fleshy points.

Food plant: banana. 3

Described and figured from several larvae sent by F, Schimpf,

San Bernadino, Paraguay.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 313

Caligo prometheus epimetheus Feld.

(Pl. V. f 2)

Larva dark grey-brown, similar to the last in shape, with three or four

lighter maroon-pink angular bands on markings, and a median pale line on first

three segments and along the sides on a level with the spiracles; head with eight

horns and four black-brown bands ; tail-forks large, whole larva covered densely

with short hairs, five rather long fleshy tubercles on dorsum,

Length of full-grown $ Jarva: 130 mm. = 5:2 in.

Food plant: banana.

Rio Aqua, W. Colombia, 1600-1800 m.

Figured and described from a larva sent by A. H. Fassl.

Caligo eurylochus Cram. and Caligo brasiliensis Feld.

Both Herr Stichel and Herr Fruhstorfer unite these forms with seven others

as subspecies of eurylochus Cram. In the course of arranging the Caligos in the

Tring Museum I was first struck by the much finer vermiculation and pattern

below of eurylochus, livius, and pallidus, as opposed to brasiliensis, sulanus, galba,

morpheus, caesia, and minor. On separating out my series of each, I at once found

that I had specimens of morpheus and livius from Central Colombia, galba and

an unnamed form from Sta Marta, caesia and an unnamed form near eurylochus

from Venezuela. This proves that ewrylochus Cram. and brasiliensis Feld. are two

distinct species, each with a series of subspecies. I give below a synoptical table.

Owing to Herr Stichel having wrongly identified Mr. Kaye’s eurylochus minor

with his teucer insulanus, Fruhstorfer was led to redescribe the Trinidad form of

brasiliensis as eurylochus phryasus, which becomes a pure synonym, and the

Trinidad insect must stand as brasiliensis minor Kaye.

Caligo eurylochus eurylochus Cram., Guianas.

Caligo eurylochus livius Staud., Central Colombia to 8. Peru.

Caligo eurylochus pallidus Fruhst., Bolivia.

Caligo brasiliensis brasiliensis Feld., Espiritu Santo to North Argentina.

Caligo brasiliensis sulanus Fruhst., Central America.

Caligo brasiliensis galba Deyr., North Colombia.

Caligo brasiliensis morpheus Stich., Central Colombia.

Caligo brasiliensis caesia Stich., Venezuela.

Caligo brasiliensis minor Kaye, Trinidad.

Caligo brasiliensis brasiliensis Feld.

(Pl. V. f. 9 larva, f. 10 pupa)

Larva very large, cylindrical, tapering both ways, and flattened on the back,

dirty grey-yellow, with darker spotted dorsal line and irregular black lateral oblique

stripes sloping down posteriorly ; head with eight horns dirty white, with black

lines ; on fifth to eighth segments are soft conical protuberances about 4 mm. long;

tail-forks 9 mm. long.

Pupa yellowish wood-brown, with black and red-brown streaks and short black

bristles. When first hatched the larva is dirty white, changing rapidly to green,

with a forked dorsal dark band, which colour it retains till third moult,

314 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

Food plant : banana.

Described and figured from a sketch by E. Hartgen and the description in

Seitz.

Caligo idomineus Linn.

Fruhstorfer in Seitz and Herr Stichel place superba Staud. as a subspecies of

idomineus, but as praecana Stich. occurs together with it, I am convinced it is just

as good and distinct a species as menoetius Staud.

Caligo menoetius Stand.

The Tring Museum, besides a d and ? from Surinam received from Herr

Fruhstorfer in exchange, has obtained recently through M. Le Moult 3¢¢ from

St. Jean de Maroni, French Guiana, of this rare insect.

Caligo arisbe fulgens subsp. nov.

3%. Differ from a. arisbe in being above much brighter yellow, and the

greyish yellow band in the centre of the outer black-brown fourth of forewing is

much broader and very distinct.

Hab. Rio Janeiro and Sao Paulo, 384,6 22.

Caligo oberthuri oberthuri Deyr.

Larva almost entirely brown-black, with several dorsal irregular light brown

patches; tail-forks short, thick, and covered with stiff rufous hairs, the four fleshy

thornlike dorsal appendages bent forward ; head rufous brown, with black lines

and with eight thorns.

Food-plant a low evergreen palm.

Described and figured from two larvae sent by A. H. Fassl from San Antonio,

West Cordillera, Colombia, 2000-3000 m. = 6500-9000 ft.

BRASSOLIDAE

Brassolis sophorae sophorae Linn.

(Pl. VI. f. 7 larva, f. 9 pupa)

Larva cylindrical, tapering towards head, mouse-grey with darker longitudinal

lines and bands, the two subdorsal ones being very wide, while the dorsal and

lateral ones are very narrow; but the one on the line of spiracles is again broader,

but less sharply defined ; head with two broad black bands.

Pupa reddish wood-brown, banded and spotted with dark brown and with a

whitish irregular patch on the wing-cases.

Described and figured from a sketch by E. Hartgen.

Food-plant: palms, feeding gregariously.

Brassolis sophorae vulpeculus Stich.

This form is not confined to Argentina and Paraguay, as Stichel and Fruh-

storfer believed, but is found in all the arid and desert portions of Brazil as well,

and it also occurs in British Guiana as a rare aberration,

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 315

Ihave 2¢¢ and 2 2? from Maranham, and 2 ¢¢ from Rio Demerara.

Larva similar to s. sophorae, but ground-colour much suffused with brownish

yellow, and the bands are dark chocolate brown.

Described from larvae sent by J. Steinbach from Tucuman and by F. Schimpf

from San Bernardino, Paraguay.

Brassolis astyra astyra Godt.

GAL Wily 4% &)

Larva similar to B. sophorae, but thicker, much more suffused with dirty

yellow, and the bands broken up into spots, while innumerable narrow dark trans-

verse lines encircle the body from the head to anal segment.

Figured and described from two larvae from Rio.

Brassolis astyra rufescens subsp. nov.

?. Very large and the oblique band of forewing as wide as in ? a. maritima

Stich., but rusty orange scarlet, not rasty orange.

Hab. Peru, 1 ?, Huancabamba, Cerro de Pasco (C. Böttger).

Brassolis isthmia Bates and granadensis Stich.

I cannot see anything more than two subspecies in these two—a northern and

a southern subspecies of one species.

Brassolis isthmia boliviana subsp. nov.

3?. Larger than either ¢sthmia isthmia Bates or isthmia granadensis Stich. ;

differs above in the ¢ in the oblique band being much darker, orange rufous as

in the ?, and between veins 2 and 3 it is strongly produced; in the $ the black

discocellular band is much larger than in either of the other forms. Below it is

paler in both sexes.

Length of forewing; d 46mm., ? 62mm. Expanse: ¢101 mm., ? 133mm.

Hab. Bolivia, 1 3, Buenavista, E. Bolivia, 750 m. = 2437 ft., August 1906—

April 1907; 1 2, Prov. Sara, Sta Cruz de la Sierra, April—May 1904 (J.

Steinbach),

DISCOPHORIDAE

These insects, in my opinion, bear the same relationship to the Amathusiidae

as the Morphidae do to the Brassolidae.

Enispe euthymius intermedia subsp. nov.

This race is exactly intermediate between e. euthymius and e. durania, having

the dark bands and spots more developed than the former, but not so much as

in the latter.

Hab. Burma to the Malay Peninsula and Siam, 3 dd, Bernadmayo and North

Chin Hills, Tavoy (Bingham); 53d, Perak; 1 d, Paughir, Shan States, 3000 ft,

316 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

MORPHIDAE

Here I have much to say, but in many cases the facts are so difficult to work

out that I must leave some of my remarks for a future paper.

Morpho perseus richardus Fruhst.

Cal Wik 1% 1)

Larva slug-like, narrowing rapidly towards head, thickly clothed with very

short hair, and with rows of hair tufts along the back and sides, deep red with

small black and yellowish buff patches.

Described and figured from a larva from Minas Geraes.

Morpho perseus iphiclus Feld.

(Pl. VI. f. 3 larva, f. 4 pupa)

Iam unable to see any difference between Colombian p. zphiclus (type Felder

coll.) and the series collected on the Caura River by 8. M. Klages.

Larva deep red with irregular cream-coloured bands.

Pupa with two short points on head bright grass-green.

Described and figured from larvae and pupae sent by S. M. Klages, Maripa,

Caura River.

Morpho patroclus phokylides Fruhst.

(Pl. VI. £. 2)

Larva orange buffy yellow, strigillated and streaked with deep red ; on third,

sixth, and seventh segments twin golden yellow patches edged with deep red, and

on the fourth, fifth, seventh, and eighth segments is a large single golden yellow

patch, also edged with red ; tufts of hair pale crimson.

Figured and described from two beautifully preserved larvae sent by

J. Steinbach, Buenavista, E. Bolivia, August 1906—April 1907.

Morpho sulkowskyi ockendeni subsp. nov.

3. Differs from all other forms in the hindwing between costa and vein 3 being

enormously produced.

?. Differs from all other forms in the dark outer band-like margin of fore-

wing being red as on the hindwing, not black or dark brown.

Hab. S.E. Peru, Carabaya (G. Ockenden).

Morpho aurora interposita subsp. nov.

3. Intermediate in colour between aurora and aureola, and still larger than

aurora.

?. Larger, paler, more the colour of Morpho portis, a large brown patch

followed by a white on upper discocellulars, reaching far in and also beyond cell of

forewing ; marginal black-brown border twice as wide as in d, and containing

two pinkish lines. Hindwing: outer fourth pinkish cinnamon brown with two

irregular dark brown bands coalescing at nervures. Below as in 6, but paler, and

with a strong greenish opalescent wash.

Hab. 8.8. Peru, La Oroya, Inambari, and Santo Domingo, Carabaya, 28 dd,

12, 3100-4500 ft., 1901-1905 (G. Ockenden).

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916, 317

Morpho adonis Cram., Morpho adonis major Lathy, Morpho marcus Schaller,

Morpho eugenia Deyr., and Morpho uraneis Bates

Here we find a most awful confusion, Herr Fruhstorfer has stated that

eugenia Deyr. is the same as adonis Cram., while he keeps uraneis Bates as a

separate species, and he places marcus Schaller as the 2 of adonis Cram. The

truth is that eugenia Deyr. is not the same as adonis Cram., but is an insect with

much shorter, blunter, and broader wings, and much more silvery blue colour; in

fact, it bears the same relationship to the Guiana adonis Cram. as uraneis Bates

does to adonis major Lathy from the Peruvian Amazon, which latter is not men-

tioned by Fruhstorfer. Now as to M. marcus Schaller: this has been held by most

entomologists, including Herr Fruhstorfer, to be the ? of adonis Cram., and it is

certainly taken in the same localities with it. However, the only recorded specimen

taken in copulation with a d, and now in the collection of Mr. Ch. Oberthür, was

undoubtedly taken in copulation with a d eugenia Deyr., and not with an adonis

Cram. d. I have two fine ? ? of IZ uraneis Bates, as well as three dd, and they

are exactly similar to JZ marcus Schaller, only nearly double the size, and have

perfectly rounded hindwings, with no sign of the tail-like anal appendage always

present in all Guiana 2 ? = marcus Schaller, which have been figured or which I

have seen—?.e. two in Tring, several in the British Museum, one in Mr. Kaye’s

collection, the ones figured by Schaller and Oberthiir, and the photographs I have

of eight in the collection of Mademoiselle de Florrack of Paris. In the collection

of the late Mr. Adams, now in the British Museum, are the types of Mr. Lathy’s

The ? resembles my two 2 2 of uraneis Bates, and is probably a small ? of that

species, especially from the fact that Mr. Maxwell Stuart, when he took mine on

the Rio Cachiaco, collected also a number of dd of adonis major. In view of the

fact that the only proof we have by actual capture in copulation gives us marcus

paired with ezgenia, I am inclined to believe that we do not know the true female

of adonis. If this is really the case, then marcus antedates eugenia by some eighty

or more years, and we have the following two species to tabulate.

Morpho marcus marcus Schaller, Guiana.

Morpho marcus uraneis Bates, Peru and Peruvian Amazons.

Morpho adonis adonis Cram., Guianas.

Morpho adonis major Lathy, Peru and Peruvian Amazons.

Mr. Kaye has advanced the theory that ewgenia is the dry-season form of adonis.

I cannot at present agree to this, as Mr. Le Moult has received considerable series

of both taken at the same time, and I have 11 ¢¢ of adonis major captured by

Mr. Maxwell Stuart at the same time and place on the Rio Cachiaco as the uraneis

mentioned above. I fear, however, this confusion will not be finally cleared up till

adonis ? has been bred or taken in copulation with au undoubted d.

Morpho cypris schausi subsp. nov.

3. Above has the wide white band of ce. dugada Staud. from Chiriqui, but is as

large as the largest typical e. cypris. Below has even larger ocelli than e. eypris,

not the tiny ones of c. bugaba.

Hab. Costa Rica, 1 3, Carillo (W. Schaus).

318 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

Morpho alexandrowna Druce

This form has absolutely nothing to do with M. godarti, as Fruhstorfer puts it,

hinting that it may be the ¢ of alexandra Hew. It is the Central and Southern

Peruvian race of menelaus Linn., with the dark border slightly less pronounced than

in melacheilus Staud.

Morpho alexandra Hew.

This insect has been rightly placed by Fruhstorfer under godarti. I have

been able to definitely discover, with the help of Mr. Watson of Manchester, that

the type is no longer in existence, but there is no doubt that it was a specimen of

the S.E. Peruvian race of godarti Guer. The Tring Museum possesses 22 dd

and 1 ? from the Carabaya and Rio Inambari districts from G. Ockenden, and

[Hartgen’s unpublished sketches mentioned in the preceding pages are con-

tained in the Tring Museum Library. |

THE NAME OF THE CENTRAL EUROPEAN CORMORANT.

By Dr. ERNST HARTERT.

Anted, pp. 293-5, I discussed the names of the two subspecies of large European

Cormorants, and came to the conclusion that Brehm’s name arboreus was doubtful,

and that sudcormoranus (of the same date) was preferable. This discussion is now

unnecessary, because the name subcormoranus was published already seven years

before that of arboreus—viz. in Brehm’s Ornis i. p. 42 (1824—“ Holland ”), and is

therefore alone valid by priority.

This name is one of many of Brehm’s names which were published years before

the dates under which they have hitherto been quoted in literature. A full list of

all these earlier dates will be published in the Novitates Zoologicae for 1917.

319

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

ON THE LEPIDOPTERA IN THE TRING MUSEUM SENT

BY MR. A. 8S. MEEK FROM THE ADMIRALTY ISLANDS,

DAMPIER AND VULCAN ISLANDS.

By LORD ROTHSCHILD, F.RS., PaD.

(Continued from vol. xxii, p. 402, 1915)

HETEROCERA

AMATIDAE

184. Ceryx guttulosa (Walk.)

Syntomis guttulosa Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. xxxi. p. 73 (1864) (Aru).

16,5 22, Vulcan Island.

185. Ceryx puncta (Druce)

Agophthora puncta Druce, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) i. p. 147 (1898) (Humboldt Bay).

2 62, Vulcan Island.

186. Euchromia oenone Butl.

Euchromia oenone Butler, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool. xii. p. 365 (1876) (Solomon Islands).

23,6 2, Manus, Admiralty Islands.

187. Euchromia aemulina Butl.

Euchromia aemulina Butler, Proc. Zool, Soc. Lond. 1877, p. 473 (New Guinea),

2 22, Vulcan Island.

188. Euchromia aemulina minuta subsp. nov.

?. Differs from 2 ae. aemulina in being much smaller, and the hyaline patch

at base of hindwing is much larger.

Length of forewing : ? aemulina aemulina, 22—23 mm

? aemulina minuta, 16°5—19 mm.

” oP)

1 2, Dampier Island ; 1 $, Manus, Admiralty Islands.

1189. Euchromia lurlina lurlina Buil.

Euchromia lurlina Butler, Trans. Entom. Soc. Lond. 1888, p. 110 (Thursday Island).

4 dd,4 22, Vulcan Island.

190. Euchromia lurlina intensa subsp. nov.

2. Differs at first sight from /. lurlina by its much more intense coloration.

The tegulae are black, not orange ; the bandj on first segment of abdomen is

orange, not pale cream-buff ; and the band on fourth abdominal segment is orange

320 NovitavTes ZooLoGICAE XXIII. 1916.

rufous, not orange yellow ; while all the hyaline patches on both wings are much

smaller, the one at base of hindwing having almost vanished.

1 2, Dampier Island.

191. Euchromia iria (Boisd.)

Glaucopis irius Boisduval, Voy. Astrolabe, Lép. p. 192, pl. 5. £. 8 (1832) (Moluccas).

16,1 2, Vulcan Island.

192. Kuchromia creusa superposita subsp. nov.

Differs from the rest of the ereusa forms by the first abdominal segment being

yellow and the second buff with a blue band superimposed on it, almost as in iria.

13,4 29%, Manus, Admiralty Islands.

ARCTIADAE

Nolinae

193. Pisara hyalospila Hmpsn.

Pisara hyalospila Hampson, Cat. Lepid. Phal. Brit. Mus. Suppl.i. p. 389. £. 54 (1914) (Queensland).

7 &d, Dampier Island.

194. Celama internella ( Walk.)

Pisara internella Walker, List Lepid. Ins. Brit. Mus. xxxi. p. 245 (1864) (Sarawak).

1 3, Manus, Admiralty Islands.

195. Celama thyridota Hmpsn.

Celama thyrıdots Hampson, Cat. Lepid. Phal. Brit. Mus. Suppl. i. p. 390. £. 55 (1914) (Brisbane).

1 g, 2 $$, Vulcan Island; 1 $, Dampier Island; 2 dd, 1 ?, Manus,

Admiralty Islands.

196. Celama fasciata (Walk.)

Minnagara fasciata Walker, List Lepid. Ins. Brit. Mus. xxxv. p. 1903 (1866) (Sula).

1 3, Manus, Admiralty Islands.

197. Celama interrupta sp. nov.

3. Antennae brownish white ; head white; thorax white, freckled and suffused

with grey ; abdomen white suffused with pale grey.

Forewing white, three large cuneate brown spots reaching from costa almost

to median vein across cell; below the two outer of these spots run from median

vein to inner margin interrupted sooty transverse bands; in outer two-fifths of

wing two sinuate sooty brown lines, fringe suffused with sooty scales. Hindwing

silvery grey.

Length of forewing: 8mm. Expanse: 18 mm.

1 8, Vulcan Island.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 321

198. Celama nebulosa sp. nov.

?. Antennae and head white ; thorax whitish grey; abdomen grey.

Forewing greyish white, a series of brownish spots in costal area, the three

nearest base being largest ; basal half sparingly irrorated with yellowish brown,

outer half densely clouded with yellowish brown, a submarginal line of leaden

spots. Hindwing whitish grey, darker in outer fifth.

Length of forewing: 6-8 mm. Expanse: 14-18 mm.

2 22, Vulcan Island ; 1 ?, Dampier Island. (Type Vulcan.)

199. Celama flavomarginata sp. nov.

36. Antennae yellowish ; head, thorax, and first two segments of abdomen

white ; rest of abdomen greyish.

Forewing white; costa and broad terminal band brownish yellow ; costa and

fringe variegated somewhat with white ; antemedian and postmedian interrupted

bands brownish yellow. Hindwing white, termen greyish.

Length of forewing: 7mm. Expanse : 16 mm.

1 3g, Vulcan Island.

200. Celama bilineola sp. nov.

?. Antennae amber-brown ; head, thorax, and abdomen greyish white clouded

with grey.

Forewing white; base, an antemedian and two postmedian irregular cloud-

bands yellowish wood-grey ; in the antemedian and in the first postmedian cloud-

band is a sinuate brown line; a terminal line yellowish brown. Hindwing

white ; a grey terminal line.

Length of forewing: 8mm. Expanse: 18 mm.

1 2, Dampier Island.

201. Celama taeniata (Snell.)

Nola taeniata Snellen, Tijd. v. Entom. xviii. p. 65. pl. 6. £. 1 (1875) (Celebes).

13,1 2, Dampier Island.

202. Celama pumila (Snell.)

Nola pumila Snellen, Tijd. v. Entom. xviii. p. 68. pl. 6. £. 4 (1875) (Celebes).

1 3, Vulcan Island.

203. Celama cristicostata sp. nov.

do. Antennae amber-brown; palpi, head and tegulae white; rest of thorax

whitish densely speckled with wood-brown ; abdomen whitish wood-grey.

Forewing white ; in basal two-fifths of costal area some liver-brown patches,

on outer half of costa a white tuft or crest, whole wing clouded with large patches

of orange liver-brown, and with several sinuate indistinct lines of dark brown

partly coalescent dots, a white subterminal line. Hindwing whitish grey.

Length of forewing: 75 mm. Expanse: 17 mm.

16, Vulcan Island.

NoviratEs ZooLoGicar XXIII. 1916.

204. Celama murina sp. nov.

?. Antennae mouse-grey; head, thorax, and abdomen silvery slate-grey

washed with mouse-grey.

Forewing mouse-grey clouded with paler grey ; four transverse indistinct and

ill-defined sinuate bands of dark brown-grey, the second from the base being

double the width of the others. Hindwing partially semivitreous and pale

mouse-grey.

Length of forewing: 11 mm. Expanse: 25 mm.

1 2, Dampier Island.

205. Roeselia nigrobasalis sp. nov.

d. Antennae brown, pectinated; head and tegulae pale cinnamon; rest of

thorax brown-black ; abdomen dark wood-grey.

Forewing: basal half somewhat obliquely dull black, edged outwardly with

rufous cinnamon; outer half dirty white, densely suffused and overlaid with rufous

cinnamon. Hindwing pale mouse-grey.

Length of forewing: 95 mm. Expanse: 21 mm.

1 3, Dampier Island.

206. Eurynola mesoleuca (Lower)

Corula? mesoleuca Lower, Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austr. xxvii, p. 39. (1903) (Queensland).

6 &d,1 ?, Manus, Admiralty Islands.

207. Eurynola gigantea sp. nov.

?. Differs from ¢ mesoleuca in being much larger, in the white, not brown

thorax, in having costal half of basal seventh of forewing brown-black, in

having an antemedian transverse line of brown-black sharply angled distad, in the

white area of forewing being much reduced, and in the post-discal transverse line

being much more deeply dentate. $

Length of forewing : mesoleuca 14 mm., gigantea 17'5 mm,

Expanse : mesoleuca 32 mm., gigantea 40 mm.

2 22, Dampier Island.

208. Eurynola hemizona (Hmpsn.)

Roeselia hemizona Hampson, Ann, Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) viii p. 400 (1911) (Fak Fak).

~ 436, Dampier Island.

Lithosiinae

209. Graphosia polylophota griseola subsp. nov.

3. Differs from p. polylophota in being paler buff washed over with cinereous grey.

16, Vulean Island.

210. Graphosia simplex sp. nov.

3. Structurally and in shape identical with polylophota, but uniform pale buff

all over ; a tuft of dark brown androconial hairs on costal edge of hindwing.

Length of forewing: 12 mm. Expanse: 27 mm.

1 3, Dampier Island.

NoviTatEs ZooLOGICAE XXIIT. 1916. 323

211. Lambula agraphia Hmpsn.

Lambula agraphia Hampson, Cat. Lepid, Phal. Brit. Mus. ii, Addenda p. 558, No. 173b. pl. xxxv.

f, 17 (1900) Milne Bay).

10 $d, Dampier Island ; 1 d, Vulcan Island.

212. Lambula contigua sp. nov.

¢. Closely allied to pristina Walk. Differs in the forewing being much

broader and in the colour being clear yellowish buff, not greyish buff.

Length of forewing: 12 mm. Expanse: 27 mm.

1 ?, Dampier Island.

213. Lambula hypopolius sp. nov.

3 ?. Antennae, head and thorax pale buffish grey ; abdomen pale mouse-grey.

Forewing pale buffish grey. Hindwing pale mouse-grey.

Length of forewing: 10 mm. Expanse: 23 mm.

18,1%, Dampier Island.

214. Lambula plumicornis sp. nov.

do. Antennae plumose amber-buff; head and thorax pale brownish buff ;

abdomen pale testaceous grey.

Forewing pale buff with some indistinct brown spots round margins and costa ;

a brown dot in cell and a black-brown spot at end of cell; the veins stand out

strongly, giving the intranervular spaces a ribbed or corrugated appearance.

Hindwing brownish mouse-grey.

Length of forewing: 10 mm. Expanse:: 24 mm.

1 d, Manus, Admiralty Islands.

215. Scoliacma brunnea Druce.

Scoliacma brunnea Druce, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) iv. p. 201 (1899) (Port Moresby).

18,222, Dampier Island.

216. Scoliacma pactolias Meyr.

Scoliacma pactolias Meyrick, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. (2) i. p. 696 (1886) (Melbourne),

1 2, Dampier Island.

217. Scoliacma flavifrons sp. nov.

?. Antennae dark brown; head, tegulae and base of patagia buffy yellow, rest

of thorax dark grey, hindmost part tinged with yellow ; abdomen dark grey, sides

and anal tuft yellow.

Forewing pale testaceous grey, base and costa yellowish.—§Hindwing

greyish buff.

3. Similar, but much smaller.

Length of forewing: ¢ 12, 2? 15 mm. Expanse: & 28, ? 34 mm.

18,222, Vulcan Island. (d Type.)

324 Novirates ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

218. Scoliacma flavifrons minor subsp. nov.

?. Similar to f. flavifrons, but much smaller and costa brighter and more

extended yellow.

Length of forewing: 12mm. Expanse: 28 mm.

1 ?, Dampier Island.

219. Scoliacma asuroides sp. nov.

6. Antennae yellow, distal two-fifths dark brown; head and thorax golden-

buffish yellow ; abdomen grey, anal half suffused with buff, anal tuft buff.

Forewing golden-buffish yellow. Hindwing buff.

?. Similar.

Length of forewing: 11 mm. Expanse 25 mm.

336,422, Vulean Island.

220. Nishada impervia (Walk.)

Lithosia impervia Walker, List Lepid. Ins. Brit. Mus. xxxi. p. 230 (1864) (Ceram).

3 dd, Dampier Island.

221. Tlema elophus sp. nov.

3. Antennae black-brown; head sooty grey; thorax purplish cinnamon brown,

margins of tegulae and bases of patagia yellowish ; abdomen yellowish cinnamon

grey, anal tuft orange buff.

Forewing cinnamon-grey ; costa and termen dark buf.——Hindwing pale

cinuamon-grey washed with bright buff, margins clearer buff.

9. Has head and tegulae orange; forewing much darker and hindwing buff.

Length of forewing: 6 16, 2? 17 mm. Expanse: d 37, ? 39 mm.

484,222, Vulcan Island.

222. Ilema aurora sp. nov.

?. Antennae dark brown; head orange; thorax grey, tinged with pinkish

lavender ; abdomen buff, suffused with grey on basal half.

Forewing pale grey, slightly suffused with pinkish lavender; costa orange,

terminal fringe yellowish buff. Hindwing buff.

Length of forewing: 17 mm. Expanse: 39 mm.

1 2, Vulcan Island.

223. Ilema bipunctata ( Walk.)

Lithosia bipunctata Walker, List Lepid. Ins. Brit. Mus. xxxv. p. 1884 (1866) (New Guinea).

483,522, Dampier Island.

224. Tlema dorsalis ( Walk.)

Lithosia dorsalis Walker, List Lepid. Ins. Brit Mus, xxxv. p. 1883 (1866) (Sula).

1 3, Dampier Island.

Novitates ZOoLoGIcAE XXIII. 1916. 325

225. Ilema ekeikei B. Baker

Llema ekeikei Bethune Baker, Nov. Zool. xi. p. 419. pl. V. £. 16 (1904) (British New Guinea).

222, Dampier Island.

226. Ilema amaurus sp. nov.

3. Antennae brown; head and tegulae orange-buft, rest of thorax dull brownish

grey tinged with buff; abdomen buff, suffused with grey basally.

Forewing : costal third orange-buff, rest mauve-grey suffused with buff.—-

Hindwing buff.

Length of forewing: 11 mm. Expanse: 25 mm.

1 &, Manus, Admiralty Islands.

227. Manoba taeniatus sp. nov.

?. Antennae grey ; head and thorax silver-grey ; abdomen dark grey.

Forewing silver-grey ; two or three indistinct brownish dots in basal third, an

oblique antemedian broad dark grey band, three dark brown spots, two obsolete

greyish brown lines, and a terminal row of dark grey dots in outer half of wing.

Hindwing pale mouse-grey.

Length of forewing: 7 mm. Expanse: 16 mm.

1 2, Dampier Island.

228. Garudinodes trizona Hmpsn.

Garudinodes trizona Hampson, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) vii. p. 403 (1911) (Ron Island).

1 3, Dampier Island.

229. Padenodes cuprizona Hmpsn.

Padenodes cuprizona Hampson, Cat. Lepid, Phal. Brit. Mus. Suppl. i. p. 567. No. 546a. fig. 158

(1914) (Setekwa River).

13, Vulcan Island.

230. Macaduma reducta Rothsch.

Macaduma rufocostalis reducta Rothschild, Nov, Zool. xix. p. 236 (1912) (Fergusson Island),

1 ¢, Dampier Island; 2 2 ?, Vulcan Island.

231. Macaduma subfoliacea sp. nov.

3. Near to foliacea but much darker, and lacks the transverse medial line ;

differs from nigripuncta Hampson in the basal third of hindwing being pale

yellowish brown-grey, not, as in that species, uniform fuscous brown like rest of

wing.

Length of forewing: 11 mm. Expanse : 25 mm.

5 dd, Vulcan Island.

232. Macaduma subfoliacea postflavida subsp. nov.

$%. Differ from s. swbfoliacea in the colour of the hindwings. d-hindwings

are greyish buff with darker fringes ; $-hindwings are buffish grey.

8 33,5 2%, Dampier Island.

326 NOVITATES ZooLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

233. Macaduma nigripuncta Hmpsn.

Macaduma nigripuncta Hampson, Cat. Lepid. Phal. Brit. Mus. ii. Addenda p. 560. No. 561a. pl. xx xv.

f. 7. (1900) (Milne Bay).

1 3, Dampier Island.

234. Narasodes rufocostalis (Rothsch.)

Macaduma rufocostalis Rothschild, Nov. Zool, xix. p. 236 (1912) (Biagi, Mambare River).

22%, Vulcan Island.

Anaphleps gen. nov.

Differs from all other genera of Lithosiinze in having vein 2 of forewing absent

and in having veins 3 and 4 and 6 and 7 of hindwing stalked, while veins 2, 5,

and 8 of hindwing are missing. Scent-organ on forewing consisting of a large

semicircular lappet produced from costa and folded back on to dise of wing on the

upperside.

235. Anaphleps angustipennis sp. nov.

3. Antennae brown; head and tegulae gallstone-yellow, washed with grey,

rest of thorax purplish cinnamon-brown; abdomen, basal half buff, anal half brownish

grey, anal tuft orange-buft.

Forewing very narrow purplish cinnamon-brown ; scent-organ purplish sooty

black, broadly edged with golden yellow.—-Lindwing : basal three-fifths obliquely

buff; distal two-fifths purplish ecinnamon-brown.

Length of forewing : 9 mm.; breadth: 4mm. Expanse: 20 mm.

16, Vulcan Island.

236. Darantasia caerulescens extensa subsp. nov.

& 2. Differs from ce. caerulescens in having the orange subapical patch on the

forewing and the orange area of the hindwings larger and more extauk.

433,422, Dampier Island.

237. Stenoscaptia latifascia sp. nov.

&. Antennae purplish brown; head yellow; tegulae and patagia yellow, the

latter washed with pale purple, rest of thorax pale purple; abdomen greyish purple,

anal tuft buff.

Forewing pale purple; an oblique very broad median band yellow, narrowing

from costa to inner margin, a terminal yellow band from apex to vein 1. Hind-

wing pale buffish grey, outer fourth darker grey.

Length of forewing: 8mm. Expanse : 18 mm.

13, Vulcan Island.

238. Stenoscaptia dichromus sp. nov.

3. Antennae amber-brown ; head and tegulae golden yellow, rest of thorax

chestnut ; abdomen cinnamon-grey.

Forewing golden yellow ; base and outer third chestnut. Hindwing : costal

third obliquely white, with large patch of black androconia, rest of wing pale

cinnamon.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 397

¢. Differs in having the tegulae chestnut and hindwings einnamon-brown

all over.

496,3 2?, Dampier Island.

239. Caprimima elegans mendax Rothsch.

Caprimima albicollis mendax Rothschild, Nov, Zool. viii. p. 419 (1901) (Humboldt Bay).

1 g, Dampier Island.

240. Utriculifera aplaga Hmpsn.

Utriculifera aplaga Hampson, Cat. Lepid. Phal. Brit. Mus. ii. Addenda, p. 561. no. 610a. pl. xxxv.

f. 3 (1900) (Milne Bay).

266, Manus, Admiralty Islands.

241. Utriculifera leucogrammus sp. nov.

6. Antennae and frons cinnamon-grey ; vertex of head and thorax black ;

abdomen wood-grey.

Forewing cinnamon grey-brown; base and three dots on costa black, an oblique

postdiseal line whitish, apical third obliquely darker cinnamon-brown.

erey-buff or baftish-grey fringe and termen darker.

Length of forewing: 6mm. Expanse: 14 mm.

1 d, Manus, Admiralty Islands.

Hindwing,

242. Utriculifera tetrastigmata sp. nov.

3. Uniform yellowish or creamy grey ; abdomen and hindwings slightly less

yellowish. Two black dots on median fold of each forewing.

Length of forewing: 7 mm, Expanse: 16 mm.

2 dd. Dampier Island.

243. Chionaema tricolor dampierensis subsp. nov.

$2. Distinguished from ¢. tricolor by the orange not black patagia, in the

much paler reddish orange of forewing and the broader black terminal band between

apex and vein 3.

483,499, Dampier Island.

244, Chionaema dinava vulcanica subsp. nov.

2. Differs from d. dinava in having a scarlet patch on thorax and a wider

marginal black band which gradually becomes narrower along inner margin, and

the abdominal area yellow, not black.

1 2, Vulcan Island.

245. Chionaema orcheia sp. nov.

d. Antennae fascous brown; head and tegulae fuscous brown-grey, patagia

and rest of thorax more yellowish; abdomen yellowish wood-grey, basal two

segments whitish.

Forewing cinnamon cream-buff, becoming more milk-white towards termen; a

328 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

median patch on costa and on inner margin joined by two parallel median lines

chocolate-brown, a postdiscal broad chocolate patch from vein 5 to inner margin, a

terminal row of brown patches ; one-fourth from apex thereis an indentation and con-

strietion at costa, beyond which to the median brown patch is a scent-organ covered

with long, shaggy, androconial hair. Hindwing : basal two-fifths dirty greyish

white, outer three-fifths brown-grey.

2. Differs in having the median costal patch much larger and the one on inner

margin absent, the postdiscal brown band is complete to costa, and the hindwings

are uniform brown-grey.

Length of forewing: ¢ 12°5, 214mm. Expanse: 3 29, $ 32 mm.

464,429, Dampier Island.

246. Chionaema melanochlorus sp. nov.

3. Antennae, head, and thorax bronzy brown ; abdomen sooty grey, anal tuft

orange-buff.

Forewing bronzy olive-brown, with three or four indistinct transverse sooty

black bands, scent-organ banded black and buff. Hindwing : basal half whitish,

outer half brown-grey.

?. Entirely dark sooty grey, washed with bronze on outer third of forewing ;

a median black stigma.

Length of forewing: 615, ? 13mm. Expanse: d 34, 2 30 mm.

13,12, Dampier Island.

247. Tricholepis postdivisa sp. nov.

6. This species is close to sinapis Rothsch. and ochracea Rothsch., but the

wings are longer and narrower.

Antennae black except first joint ; head fulvons orange-yellow, vertex and

collar dark brown ; thorax fulvous orange; abdomen black, median two-thirds of

dorsum fulvous orange-yellow.

Forewing fulvous orange yellow, a somewhat broad costal and terminal border

black ; distal half of inner margin narrowly black.- Hindwing : costal two-fifths

fulvous orange-yellow, rest black.

?. Has much narrower black margins to forewings, and the hindwings are

entirely fulvous orange-yellow with narrow black margins, and the whole abdomen

fulvous orange-yellow; 1 ? has the lower third of hindwing black.

Length of forewing: 6? 11 mm, Expanse: 24 mm.

4 63,3 22, Dampier Island.

248. Asura pallida Rothsch.

Asura pallida Rothschild, Nov. Zool. xx. p 209 (1913) (Dorey).

3 dd, Dampier Island.

249. Asura citrinopunctata Rothsch.

Asura citrinopunctata Rothschild, Nov. Zool. xx. p. 206 (1913) (Kumusi River).

2366,1 $, Vulcan Island.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 329

250. Asura suavis (Pag.)

Calligenia suavis Pagenstecher, Jahrb. Nass. Ver. Naturk. xxxix. p. 126 (1886) (Aru Islands).

1 2, Vulcan Island,

251. Asura reticulata (Feld.)

Cyme reticulata Felder, Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien. xliüi. p. 36 (1861) (Amboina).

2 8&d,5 2%, Dampier Island.

252. Asura manusi sp. nov.

d. Antennae black, basal two segments scarlet, apical sixth umber brown; head

and thorax golden yellow, tegulae and patagia slightly edged with scarlet, rest

faintly tinged with red ; abdomen salmon-pink.

Forewing blackish slate, a large basal patch, a costal patch, and a very large

medial oblique patch reaching from costa to just beyond vein 2 golden yellow

surrounded by red hair-lines, a medial spot below vein 2 golden yellow edged with

red and joined to large medial patch by red hair-line, an antemedian patch below

median fold yellow suffused with scarlet; a postmedian carved band of coalescent

cone-shaped spots yellow strongly suffused with scarlet, an irregular scarlet sub-

terminal band. Hindwing buff suffased with pink, strongest near margins ;

termen and fringe blackish slate.

?. Rather variable in size of spots and bands on forewing ; differs from 3

in the thorax and head being orange to deep scarlet and the markings on forewing

also scarlet, though 2 ¢ $ show some yellow, and 1 ? has forewings almost entirely

slate-colour owing to the absence of the medial and antemedial markings.

Length of forewing: & 12, ? 13-15-5mm. Expanse : d 27, ? 30-35 mm.

5dd,10 2%, Manus, Admiralty Islands.

253. Asura reversa sp. nov.

3. At first sight very close to preceding species, but distinguished at once by

the absence in both sexes of the broad slate-coloured terminal band on the underside

of the forewings, and by the presence in the d of a slaty band on the underside of

the abdomen before the claspers. Antennae black-brown, basal three segments

scarlet ; head and thorax orange-scarlet ; abdomen salmon-pink.

Forewing yellow, strongly suffused with scarlet, except in basal fifth and above

vein 2 to below subcostal between medial and postmedial bands, antemedial, post-

medial, and medial curved bands joined by longitudinal bars slate-coloured, an

irregular zigzag subterminal band also slate-coloured. Hindwing butt, suffused

with pale crimson in abdominal and submarginal portions, fringe deep buff.

?. Similar.

Length of forewing: ¢ 11:5-13, ? 12-15 mm. Expanse: d 26-29, $ 28-34 mm.

3dd,6%2%, Manus, Admiralty Islands.

254. Asura reversa dampierensis subsp. nov.

32. Differ from r. reversa in the ground-colour of forewing being entirely

crimson scarlet and in the slate-coloured bands being much more irregular,

466,422, Dampier Island.

330 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

255. Asura bipartita sp. nov.

32. Orange-yellow, outer two-fifths of both wings dark slate-grey.

Length of forewing: d 10, ? 13mm. Hxpanse: ¢ 23, 2 30 mm.

483,429, Dampier Island.

256. Asura dirhabdus sp. nov.

3d. Antennae, head, and thorax buffish orange ; abdomen buff.

Forewing buffish orange, antemedial and postmedial broad irregular bands sooty

black. Hindwing bright buff.

?. Differs in the black bands of forewing being joined by a black line along

vein 1,

Length of forewing: d 9-11,?13mm. Expanse: d 21-25, $ 29 mm.

536,32, Dampier Island.

257. Asura dirhabdus postfasciatus subsp. nov.

3. Differs from d. dirhabdus in the black transverse bands on forewing being

much more irregular and in their being joined along vein 1 asin the 2. On the

hindwing it differs in having a broad postmedial sooty shadow-band.

?. Has this band much more distinct, and the bands of forewing differing as

in the d.

366,429, Manus, Admiralty Islands.

258. Asura mylea sp. nov.

?,. Antennae amber-yellow ; head, tegulae, and patagia golden orange ; rest

of thorax and abdomen greyish yellow.

Forewing golden orange, with four irregular sinuous and zigzag cinnamon-grey

bands. Hindwing semivitreous buff.

Length of forewing: 13°55 mm. Expanse: 31 mm.

1 ?, Dampier Island.

259. Philenora sordidior (Rothsch.)

5 63,4 2%, Manus, Admiralty Islands.

260. Philenora hypopolius sp. nov.

?. Antennae brown-grey; head and thorax silver grey; abdomen pale mouse-

erey.

Forewing whitish cream-grey ; a curved and angled antemedial line, a median

stigma, a broad postmedial band forked below vein 2, a broken subterminal band

and a terminal line pale chocolate-brown. Hindwing : basal half and a terminal

band greyish white, rest mouse-grey. :

&. Much smaller.

Length of forewing: 2 12, & 65 mm. Expanse: 227, 015 mm,

1,1 2, Dampier Island,

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 33l

261. Philenora murina sp. nov.

?. Antennae, head, thorax, and abdomen mouse-grey.

Forewing mouse-grey ; some subbasal spots and a broad medial band dark

brown, a postmedial costal spot, a zigzag oblique band from apex to medial band,

a row of subterminal dots on lower half of wing, and a row of terminal dots paler

brown. Hindwing mouse-grey, basal half suffused whitish. A second ? has the

medial band of the same paler brown as the postmedial markings.

Length of forewing: 10-11 mm. Expanse: 23-25 mm.

222, Manus, Admiralty Islands.

262. Philenora ypsilon sp. nov.

?. Antennae yellowish ; head and thorax creamy white; brownish grey-buff.

Forewing pale cream-buff ; outer fourth brown-buff, strongly sprinkled with

black scales, a brown discal Y the right or inner arm less strongly marked.

Hindwing fulvous buff.

Length of forewing: 10mm. Expanse: 23 mm.

1 2, Dampier Island.

263. Schistophleps plagosus sp. nov.

3. Antennae amber-yellow ; head and thorax white; abdomen whitish, anal

tuft cream-buff.

Forewing cream-white ; a large irregular grey patch on disc strongly constricted

medially, above the constricted centre a black dot, two costal and a curved sub-

apicoterminal band of spots wax-yellow. Hindwing semivitreous pure white.

Length of forewing: 9 mm. Expanse: 20 mm.

1 d, Dampier Island.

264. Schistophleps manusi sp. nov.

d?. Uniform eream-white ; costal, basal and inner areas of forewing with

dense thickened patches of buff scales, disc of forewing with some irregular faint

grey patches; hindwing semihyaline white,

Length of forewing: 7 mm. Expanse: 16 mm.

639,222, Manus, Admiralty Islands.

265. Schistophleps irregularis sp. nov.

3. Body and antennae cream-white; wings semihyaline white, forewing with

broad greyish yellow antemedian, median and postmedian bands coalescing into one

large patch on lower portion of wing, an irregular greyish yellow curved apical band.

Length of forewing: 8 mm. Expanse: 18 mm.

1S, Manus, Admiralty Islands.

266. Eriomastyx flavofasciata sp. nov.

?. Hyaline white; the body and antennae white; the wings sprinkled with

short white hairs ; on the forewings is a subbasal band of gallstone-orange and an

antemedian and median band of the same colour somewhat broken into spots and

332 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916,

joined below subcostal, a submarginal and marginal band of gallstone-orange

patches, similar patches along costa; nervures beyond middle of wing orange-

yellow.

Length of forewing: 12mm. Expanse: 26°5 mm.

1 2, Dampier Island.

267. Eriomastyx lacteata sp. nov.

3. Body and wings pale creamy buff, the latter very thinly scaled. On fore-

wing an antemedian and median band of golden-orange spots, the latter forked from

middle of cell to costa; a submarginal and marginal row of similar smaller spots.

Length of forewing: 9 mm. Expanse : 20 mm.

1, Vulcan Island.

268. Chamaita fasciata sp. nov.

d?. Creamy buff, hindwings whiter; on forewing five irregular sinuous

oblique gallstone-orange bands.

Length of forewing: 8mm. Expanse: 18 mm.

28d,2 2%, Dampier Island.

269. Chamaita semifasciata sp. nov.

?. Head and body cream-white; wings semihyaline white; forewing crossed

by four irregular oblique gallstone-orange bands which become obsolete below

median vein.

Length of forewing: 95 mm. Expanse: 21 mm.

1 ?, Dampier Island.

270. Lambula dampierensis sp. nov.

d. Antennae bronzy brown ; head and thorax rufous orange; abdomen sooty

purple-brown, two patches on sides of first and anal segments, and anal tuft dull

orange.

Forewing brownish mauve-violet, suffused in streaks with purplish steel-blue ;

a triangular golden-orange spot in cell and a similar line below median vein from

base of wing almost to termen. Hindwing golden yellow, bordered with sooty

black as wide as one-third of wing.

2. Similar, but without orange spot and line on forewing.

Length of forewing: 612, 210mm. Expanse:: d 27, $ 23 mm.

688,2 2%, Dampier Island.

271. Scoliacma conspersa sp. nov.

?. Antennae pale brown; head, thorax, and abdomen sooty wood-brown.

Forewing wood-brown, sprinkled all over with rafous-brown, Hindwing

brownish grey.

Length of forewing 11 mm. Expanse : 25 mm,

3 2 2, Dampier Island.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 333

Arctianae

272. Diacrisia ougarra germanica Rothsch.

Diacrisia ougarra germanica Rothschild, Nov. Zool. xvii. p. 146. No. 988a (1910) (Sattelberg).

2 dd, Dampier Island.

273. Diacrisia turbida montana Rothsch.

Diacrisia turbida montana Rothschild, Nov. Zool. xvii. p. 145. No, 987c (1910) (S.E. New Guinea).

336,5 2%, Vulcan Island.

274. Diacrisia niceta semirosea (Butl.)

Arctia semirosea Butler, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) xix. p. 217 (1887) (Solomon Islands),

18,5 22, Dampier Island.

275. Diacrisia niceta pallida subsp. nov.

d. Similar to niceta papuana Rothsch., but forewing much paler cinnamon

cream-colour.

7 36, Vulcan Island.

276. Amsacta marginata punctipennis (Butl.)

Arctia punctipennis Butler, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) xviii. p. 126 (1876) (Cape York).

The single specimen has the red costa of forewing and the red of the abdomen

replaced by yellow.

1 3, Vulcan Island.

277. Rhodogastria timolis tenebrosa subsp. nov.

3d. Much darker than ¢. ¢émolis, strongly suffused with sooty brown.

?. Differs from £. timolis in the darker forewings.

366,32, Vulcan Island.

278. Rhodogastria communis minor subsp. nov.

6%. Very much smaller and duskier than c. communis Walk. from Buru, and

the d has the whole abdomen a dull brick-red.

Length of forewing: ¢ 25, ? 3l mm. Expanse: d 55°5, 68 mm.

336, 3 2%, Vulcan Island.

279. Rhodogastria crokeri papuana subsp. nov.

3¢. This belongs to the New Guinea race of the species c. crokeri McLeay,

having been described from Queensland. It differs from ce. erokeri in its dark slaty

brown-grey ground-colour, not grey-brown with acinnamon tinge, and in there being

less red at base of the antennae.

266,12, Vulcan Island.

280. Utetheisa pulchelloides Hmpsn.

Utetheisa pulchelloides Hampson, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hast. (7) xix. p. 239 (1907) (Praslin, Seychelles).

483,429, Dampier Island; 4dd,4 22, Vulcan Island.

334 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

AGARISTIDAE

281. Ophthalmis lincea lincea (Cram.)

Phalaena lincea Cramer, Pap. Exot. iii. Part xix, p. 61. pl. ecxxviii. £. B (1779) (Surinam !!).

The specimens from Dampier Island show only a very little spot of rufous at

the apex of forewing, and the rufous band of hindwing is very narrow; but 1 ¢ is

less different from typical examples.

366,38 2%, Dampier Island.

282. Ophthalmis lincea admiralitatis subsp. nov.

3%. Differs from I. bismarcki in both sexes in having no rufous tip to the

forewings, only a white fringe at apex, and in the rufous band of the hindwings

being still broader, occupying in the 2 more than half the wing.

495,42, Manus, Admiralty Islands.

283. Damias varia educta (Walk.)

Burgena educta Walker, List Lepid. Ins. Brit. Mus. xxxi. p. 56 (1864) (Gilolo, etc.).

2 &d,1?, Dampier Island.

284. Immetalia saturata longipalpis (Kirsch)

Eusemia longipalpis Kirsch, Mitth. Mus. Dresu.i . p. 130. t. 7. £. 12 (1877) (New Guinea).

The single specimen is a white ?.

1 2, Dampier Island.

285. Argyrolepidia aequalis aequalis (Walk.)

Agarista aequalis Walker, List Lepid. Ins. Brit. Mus. xxxi. p. 47 (1864) (Aru).

1 2, Dampier Island.

(To be continued.)

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 335

ONE OF THE RAREST BIRDS.

By ERNST HARTERT, Pa.D.

(Plate I.)

O bird can very well be rarer than if only one specimen of it is known, and

that is the case with Callaeops periophthalmica. The history of it is

as follows :

When the late John Whitehead, during his memorable exploration of the high-

lands of Luzon, was in Manila, he saw the bird in the place of a bird-stuffer, and

finally acquired it. These are Whitehead’s own words (Zdis 1899, p. 108):

“The unique specimen of this interesting Paradise Flycatcher was purchased

by me in Manila. It had been shot by an Indian, and left with the bird-stuffer,

unclaimed for years. I had expressed the desire to purchase this bird, but could

not prevail upon the Indian to part with it, until one afternoon, much to my

delight, the man brought it to me, and I purchased it. The soft parts were stated

by my hunter (who skinned the bird) to have been pale blue, as in Zeocephus

rufus, which is probably quite correct.”

The specimen was afterwards described and made the type of a new genus by

Mr. W. R. Ogilvie-Grant. It remained in Whitehead’s collection, and was bought

with the latter, after the owner’s untimely death, by Lord Rothschild.

The original diagnosis (Bull. B. O. Club iv. p. xviil) reads as follows :

“ Callaeops gen. nov.

“ Genus simile generi ‘ Arses’ dicto, caranculam ophthalmicam exhibens, sed

crista longa lanceolata, caudä cuneata et pedibus debilibus distinguendum.

“ Typus est

Callaeops periophthalmica spec. nov.

‘“Qmnino nigra: pectore mediano abdomineque albis: subcaudalibus et

axillaribus albo marginatis. Long. tot. 8°5 poll., alae 35, caudae 4°5, tarsi 0°6.

“Hab. in insula Philippinensi ‘ Luzon’ dicta.”

Hardly anything can be added to this diagnosis, except what the author himselt

added in the Jéc/s 1895, p. 253, viz. that the “general colour is deep black with a

slieht purplish gloss, especially on the back and breast, and that (according to

information of the native skinner) the wattle surrounding the eye, the bill and feet

were pale blue.” The thighs are black. The wing.is, as I measure it, 91, tail 106,

outermost rectrices 35 mm. shorter.

What is now the real systematic position of Callaeops ? Mr. Ogilvie-Grant

compared it only with Arses (a group of “ Monarcha”), as quoted above. White-

head (/dis 1899, pp. 108, 109) made the following remarks :

“ That this genus finds its nearest allies in Arses is, I think, open to doubt. It

more resembles Terpsiphone, from which genus it differs in wanting a lengthened

pair of centre tail-feathers, which are found only on apparently very old males.

The genus Terpsiphone is found as a migrant as far north as Japan, and will

doubtless some day be recorded from Formosa, while Arses is an Australian and

Papuan genus. The crest is also like that of Terpsiphone, and not the short

velvety-pile-like plumes of Arses.”

336 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

There is much truth in what Whitehead said, but not all his comparisons are

correct, as he evidently knew only some of the Hastern forms of the genus, which

have a crest somewhat similar to that of Callaeops. All species, which have been

included in Tehitrea, however, have not such a crest of greatly lengthened feathers,

and the feathers of the forehead, though longer than in Arses (Monarcha), are

almost as “velvety-pile-like” in some of the African species. Also the central

rectrices are not always so enormously lengthened as in the Indian and most African

species, and in the adult males of Zehitrea tricolor the tail is almost exactly as in

the type of Callaeops periophthalmica, which would thus only differ from all forms

of Tehitrea in having the ring or “ wattle” of bare skin round the eyes.

It is curious that the next geographical neighbour has not been compared by

Ogilvie-Grant and Whitehead, viz. Xeocephus (Zeocephus auct., but spelt with

an X by Bonaparte !) vufus, This bird with its striking rufous-red plumage all over

inhabits the Philippine Islands, and it is strange that it should not have been

compared before all others inhabiting the Indo-Malayan, African, and Papuan

zoogeographical subregions, for it is the real nearest relative. Not only has it a tail

like that of Callaeops, though sometimes longer, a crest, though much less long and

less fall, but it has the naked ring round the eye! This latter is rather obscure in

A. cyanescens from Palawan, but very conspicuous in adult males of X. rufus rufus

from Luzon, but it is wider under the eye (narrower above), while in Cadlaeops it is

equally wide all round. There is therefore very little structural difference between

Xeocephus and Callaeops, and only the smaller bill and full long-feathered

occipital crest of the latter can be an excuse for its generic separation from

Xeocephus.

It is very strange that Cullaeops periophthalmica has remained unique to this

day. It must have been shot not very far from Manila, and the efforts of the

industrious American ornithologists who have been working for years in the Philip-

pine Islands should have brought it to light again ere this. It may be a rare bird,

but we can hardly suspect that it has become extinct. There is another peculiar

bird, supposed to have lived on the island of Panay, Philippines, which is apparently

extinct; that is Sonnerat’s “Veuve de l’isle Panay,” named Hmberiza panayensis by

Gmelin in 1789, and three years before Emberiza signata by Scopoli. I very much

doubt, however, if this bird ever lived in the Philippines, and am inclined to

think it must be one of the many birds which formerly inhabited Mauritius—

a suggestion already mentioned by Reichenow, who fully treated the history of

“ Emberiza signata” Seopoli, in the “Verh. V. Intern. Ornith.-Kongress,”

pp- 971-974, and figured the specimen in the Berlin Museum which is supposed

to be that lost bird. There is-no other Philippine bird of which we know that

it is extinct.

The literature of Callaeops periophthalmica is as follows :

Callaeops periophthalmica Ogilvie-Grant, Bull. B.O. Club, iv. p. xviii (January

1895—Luzon. Original Latin description); id., Zdis 1895, p. 253 (English

description); id., £.c. p. 275 (Reprint from Bull. B.O. Club); Whitehead, Zdis 1899,

p. 108; Sharpe, Hand-list B. iii. p. 263 (1901) ; McGregor and Worcester, Hand-

list B. Philippine Is., p. 94 (1906) ; McGregor, Manual Phil. B., ii. p. 464

(1910).

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 337

NOTES ON THE LITTLE BUSTARD.

By ERNST HARTERT.

(Plate II.)

HERE is hardly a more interesting small family of birds than that of the

- Bnustards, and the delicate markings of their plumage make them exceedingly

beautiful. Specially interesting among the palaearctic species is the Little Bustard,

Otis tetrax, for several reasons.

A.—STRUCTURE OF WING

The wing of the female shows nothing out of the common. The first primary

is much shorter than the second and in length between the fifth and sixth ; the

second and third are about equal and longest. The second, third, fourth, fifth

and sixth primaries have the outer webs wider at the base, the narrowing beginning

suddenly in front of the primary coverts (see second and third primaries in the

wing of the male on plate) ; but on the fifth and sixth it is not so sudden and a

little more towards the tip.

The wing of the adult male is quite different. The first three primaries are

like those of the female, but the fourth is quite singular; it is about 24 cm.

shorter than the third and about 2 cm. shorter than the fourth; the outer web

is, about the middle, so much narrowed out that it is in one place only 1-2 mm.

wide, but it soon widens again ; the inner web is narrowed on its basal half and

becomes suddenly wider about its middle, while for about 18 mm. from the tip

it is narrowed out again (see plate). Therefore, when the wing is spread out in

flight, a small gap would most likely appear on the basal part of the fourth primary,

and this would cause the piping note which, according to observers, is heard with

every beat of the wings during flight. Whatever may be the object of this curiously

shaped fourth primary, it is interesting to know it, and I have not found any

mention of it in any book, not even in Naumann.

B.—MOULTS

In its annual moults the Little Bustard differs from the other palaearctic

species, though agreeing with the Indian Sypheotis aurita, the so-called Florican.

There is a useful material of Little Bustards in the Tring and British Museums,

and Mr. W. H. St. Quintin, who has kept these and other Bustards in his aviaries

for many years, has made careful observations, and in most explicit letters to me

kindly confirmed and supplemented the conclusions I arrived at from the study

of skins. The Houbara Bustards do not show any material seasonal changes,

apparently having their extraordinary neck-frill all the year round. The Great

Bustard loses its moustache, the hairy feathers of the pouch, and the chestnut

feathers on the chest after the breeding season; there are then only blue-grey

feathers on these parts, but in the early winter the nuptial dress begins to be

gradually assumed, and the moustache, chestnut chest-band, etc., are complete

338 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICA XXIII. 1916:

before the spring approaches. The male of the Little Bustard is strikingly different

in winter and summer. In the winter it looks on the upperside almost like the

female, though the markings, especially on the wing-coverts, are finer. The breast

and abdomen, however, are quite white, without the black bars which are found on

the chest and sides of the female, there being only a small patch on each side of

the chest of sandy yellowish brown feathers with narrow wavy cross-lines. This

dress is assumed during the total moult after the breeding season. In the spring,

in March and April, a second but only partial moult takes place. Neither wings

nor tail are affected by this, but the whole head and neck, and probably part of

the back (? or the whole of it), moult, and thus the lavender-grey, black-and-

white colouring of the nuptial dress are assumed. The adult female is alike at

all seasons, having only one post-nuptial moult in summer and early autumn.

The young birds of both sexes are like the adult female, except that the outer

webs of the first primary and the primary coverts have pale rusty markings.

C.—GEOGRAPHICAL FORMS

The distribution of the Little Bustard is a very wide one, extending from

Marocco and Spain to Western Siberia and East Turkestan. If a bird is thus

widely spread, we frequently, more often than not, find that two or more sub-

species can be distinguished; but there are many cases in which there are no

differences between the most eastern and most western birds. In the Little

Bustard no attempt had hitherto been made to separate various forms, but I

find that Eastern and Western birds are separable.

The Western birds are lighter on the upperside, more sandy and more reddish,

especially on the upper wing-coverts; Eastern specimens darker, less sandy and

less reddish, the markings as a rule somewhat coarser. Western birds are also

generally slightly larger, the wings of the males measuring 250-258, of the

females 250-263 mm. ; Eastern birds: males 236-252, females 245-247 mm.

Unfortunately series from the breeding season are not available from many

places, but as far as I can make out from the available skins, the Western race nests

in Marocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Portugal, Spain, and the plains of Beauce, Champagne,

Brie, and La Vendée in France, north to the districts between Troyes and Chalons-

sur-Marne. In the Zoologist 1906, p. 66, Mr. Benson mentions birds which he

saw near Brugg in the Aargau, Switzerland, and which he afterwards, when he

looked at the specimens in the Strassburg Museum, identified as young Little

Bustards. It can hardly be supposed that the species nested there, and its

occurrence must have been accidental, if the birds were correctly identified.

Doubtless the Bustards which appear from time to time in the Rhine districts,

rather frequently during the last thirty years, must belong to the Western race.

The Eastern subspecies nests in West Siberia, eastwards to Kainsk in the

Tomsk government, to the Saissan-Nor, Afghanistan and Hast Turkestan, westwards

through Transcaspia, the South Russian steppes to the governments of Kiew,

Poltawa, Podolsk, and perhaps Saratow, Samara, and Orenburg, to Greece,

Rumania, the valley of the Danube to Austria. I suppose that also the Little

Bustards which breed occasionally, though apparently irregularly, in Poland,

probably in Hast and certainly once in West Prussia, in the Mark Brandenburg

und Thuringia, as well as those in Sardinia, Sicily, and certainly those that nest

in Puglie and Capitanata, near Foggia, in South Italy, belong to the Hastern race.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 339

The oldest name of the Little Bustard is Linnaeus’ “ Otis Tetrax,” Syst. Nat.

ed. x. 1. p. 154, 1857. Linné gave as the habitat: “ Europa, imprimis in Gallia.”

He took his diagnosis from Albin, Bellonius, and Aldrovandi. The restricted terra

typica is therefore: France. The Western subspecies must hence be called

Otis tetrax tetrax L.

The Eastern subspecies has no available name. There are, in A. E. Brehm’s

“ Verzeichniss der nachgelassenen Sammlung (meist) europäischer Vögel von Dr.

Ch. L. Brehm,” two nomina nuda, viz. Otis tetrax orientalis and media, which,

according to specimens, were meant for Eastern birds. Of these I take up the

first, and thus the Eastern Little Bustard will be known as

Otis tetrax orientalis Hart.

Type: ¢ ad., Sarepta, May 1889. In the Tring Museum.

ON THE NAME OF THE “AUKLETS.”

By ERNST HARTERT, Pu.D.

aOR the Little Auks or “ Auklets,” for a long time known under the generic

- name Stmorhynchus, the A.O.U. Check-List (Third Edition, 1910, p. 28) has

adopted the name Aethia. This happens to be correct, but the reasons why the

the A.O.U. Committee adopted it and its author are utterly wrong.

The Check-List quotes:

“ Aethia ‘Merr. Dumont, Dict. Sci. Nat. (revised ed.) i. 1816, Suppl. 71.

Type, by monotypy, Alca cristatella Pallas.”

In the place indicated we find the following passage :

“ Aethia ou Aethya (Orn.). Ce nom est employé par quelques naturalistes pour

designer les plongeons, autrement appelés mergi et uriae. L’oiseau que Merrem

désigne dans son Essai d’ornithologie, sous le nom daethia cristatella, est

vraisemblablement l’espéce de pingouin que Pallas a décrite dans son Spicilegia

sous celui d’alca cristatella (Ch. D.).”

It is astonishing that the name Aethia was accepted on these premises, as there

is no certainty whatever that Aethia Merrem is Pallas’ cristatedla, because Merrem’s

article was not known to the A.O.U. Committee, and Dumont (Ch. D.) could not

be considered as the author, as he says “ vraisemblablement ” the type was alca

cristatella Pall., and “ vraisemblablement ” means of course probably.

But why was no search made for Merrem’s name? Evidently Dumont had seen

an “Essai d’ornithologie” by Merrem, and the first thought would naturally be, that

by this “essai” was meant Blasius Merrem’s well-known, though somewhat scarce,

“Versuch eines Grundnisses zur Allgemeinen Geschichte und natürlichen Eintheilung

der Vögel,” Leipzig, 1788. This work, unfinished as it was, because too grandly

planned, appeared in Latin and German. In the German edition appear only

German vernacular names, in the Latin one, Latin ones only. In the second

340 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

chapter, called in the Latin edition “ Tentamen Naturalis Systematis Avium,” we

find on page 7:

Rostrum ascendens ; apicibus utriusque mandibulae, minime sursum flexae, sed

ascendentis, altioribus oris angulis— Aethia Tetracula.

P. 13: Crista revoluta; pennis cristae in basi erectis, inde rostrum versus valde

incurvis—Aethia Cristatella.

P. 20: Alae brevissimae; initium caudae attingentes, nec ultra tendentes—

Aethia Cristatella.

I consider that these three items together form a better diagnosis than that of

many other recognised genera. Moreover, there can be no doubt that the specific

names used are Pallas’ (an author specially mentioned as a model on p. 3 of the

“proemium ”), and as both refer to the same species, the monotype of Aethia Merr.

would be A. cristatella Pall.

The correct quotation would be:

Aethia Merrem, Vers. Grundr. Allg. Gesch. u. nat. Eintheil d. Vög.i.—Tentamen

Nat. Syst. Av. pp. 7, 13, 20 (1788—mentioned Tetracula and cristatella, which

names refer to the same species in different stages, therefore—monotype: A. crista-

tella Pall.).

J see no reason why Merrem’s name should not be adopted, but if it should not

be acceptable, we should have to revert to Simorhynchus, as Aethia, as of Dumont

1816, is quite impossible.

Authors fond of priority hunting, for which I have no time, might find another

acceptable name in Merrem’s work, but I do not think they will, as the other generic

names used by the author seem to be all well known or, in one or two cases, not

clearly enough diagnosed to be adopted. Had the work been finished, we should

doubtless have known the meaning of all Merrem’s names, also the specific ones, of

which several are not clear, at least not to me.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIIT. 1916. 341

THE DISTRIBUTION OF COLUMBA GYMNOPHTHALMA.

By ERNST HARTERT, Pu.D.

Anted, p. 87, I discussed the name and distribution of Columba gymnophthalma.

While I still adhere to the fact, that Jacquin’s name “ Col. corensis ” is not accept-

able for this species, I must admit that any argument based on the non-occurrence of

the species on the mainland of South America cannot hold, for the simple reason

that it does occur not only in Venezuela, but also in Colombia. When I wrote my

note, I was not aware that in the recent rich collections received in the United States

from South America, this Pigeon is represented from various localities. Now

Mr. W. E. Clyde Todd writes to me : ““ In our collection (7.e. the Carnegie Museum)

there are two specimens from Tocuyo in Venezuela, and three from the Santa Marta

district in Colombia. Besides these, I have examined a specimen from the latter

locality and another from Baranquilla, in the collection of the American Museum of

Natural History. These mainland specimens are in no wise different from a series

from Curacao with which I have been able to compare them.” These occurrences

were not known, as far as I am aware, when I wrote my article, which appeared in

April. In a more recent letter, however, Mr. Todd tells me that they are recorded

on p. 322 of the last volume (Part VII) of Ridgway’s Birds of North and Middle

America, which appeared in May. This valuable volume, which was issued May

dth, has just arrived at the Tring Museum (August 14th). I find that Mr. Ridgway

agrees with me in rejecting the name covensis as doubtful, and that he accepts

gymnophthalma; he calls the species Crossophthalmus gymnophthalmos, but hitherto

he stands almost alone in the splitting up of the genus Columba. He gives the

distribution as follows :

“ Arid Caribbean coast of Venezuela (Porlamär, Tocuyo) and Colombia (Baran-

quilla, Taganga, Gaira and Donjaro, Santa Marta) and adjacent islands of

Curacao, Aruba, Bonaire, Margarita, and Blanquilla; St. Thomas, Greater Antilles

(introduced ?).”

Of all the mainland localities only one was formerly recorded, 7.2. “ Taganga,

Santa Marta,” which Allen made known in 1900; it was overlooked by Mr. Chubb

and myself,

342 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAB XXIII. 1916.

ON THE ORIENTAL ANTHRIBID GENUS APOLECTA.

By KARL JORDAN, Pu.D.

ASCOE based Apolecta on parvulus Thoms, (1857), placed with a question-

mark under Mecocerus. All the species made known since, with the excep-

tion of minor Jord. (1895), agree so well with the genotype that there is no

necessity for separating them in several genera. The species, however, described

by me as Apolecta minor stands so much apart that I now propose a new genus for

its reception. I feel the more justified in doing this as we have a second species

belonging to this new genus.

Apolecta Pasc. (1859) is closely allied to the African genus Anacerastes Imh.

(1842, genotype Zepidus Imh.), but differs in many details, the two genera being

most easily separated by the tenth segment of the antennae, which is quite short

in Anacerastes, and at least one-third the length of the eleventh segment in

Apolecta.

The species of Apolecta fall into several groups. Most of the species have a

punctate pronotum, while in the others it is impunctate; in two species the inter-

coxal process of the mesosternum is raised into a rounded tubercle (A. papuana

and puncticollis). The pygidium has in the ? of some species two apical pencils of

hair which are curved upwards. In the dd of most species the first abdominal

segment bears a central double tubercle ; in A. tonkiniana, furcata, and others,

segments 2, 3, and 4 also have such tubercles, while in A. puncticollis they are

absent, and in A. papuana replaced by a round velvety spot recalling the sex-mark

found in Anacerastes.

The mesosternum bears a transverse groove on the neck-like portion which is

covered by the prothorax, this groove being absent or just indicated in Anacerastes.

1. Apolecta andrewesi spec. nov.

3%. Similis A. nietneri Lac. (1866), antennarum articulo 3° albo-pubescente,

elytrorumque maculis subbasali et anteapicali obsolescentibus distinguenda.

Hab. South India: Nilgiri Hills (H. Leslie Andrewes), a series, also one d in

the Tring Museum from Coorg—type in coll. H. E. Andrewes.

Mr. H. L. Andrewes found the species in the Ochterlony Valley, at 3000 to

3500 ft., in June, July, and August, about decaying trees.

The third segment of the antenna, with the exception of the apex, is covered

with a white pubescence, which is not the case in A. nietneri, while, on the other

hand, the fourth tarsal segment is almost entirely devoid of white pubescence.

Apart from the pronotum being less densely punctured than in A. nietneri, there

does not appear to be any structural difference from that Ceylonese species, which

andrewesi evidently replaces in South India.

The colour of the upper surface is grey with a luteous tone. The blackish

markings of the head consist of a narrow median stripe and a broad postocular area.

The surface of the pronotum is divided up by four or five blackish lines which are

irregular, broken, and so arranged as to form a kind of wide-meshed net. The

NovITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. - 343

round black spot situated in A. nietneri on the basal callosity of each elytrum is

absent in A. andrewesi or barely vestigial, and the subapical spot is replaced by a

diffuse brown transverse band. The grey pubescence of the elytra occupies more

space than the brown, the elytra of well-preserved specimens being grey irrorated

with brown, with the natural interstice almost tesselated.

2. Apolecta papuana virgata subsp. nov.

3?. Occipite pronotoque vitta mediana nigra sat lata notatis.

Hab. Batjan; type in Mus. Brit.

The middle stripe of the head is dilated between the eyes. The sides of the

pronotum are much less extended black than in A. p. papuuna Jord. (1895),

whereas the central area bears a broadish black stripe, which does not quite reach

the carina, and is much narrower some distance before the centre. At each side of

the central elevation there is in the depression an indefinite, elongate, black spot,

which is connected with the central stripe. Laterally to the depressions the pro-

notum bears an elongate grey spot before the carina, and another near the apical

margin. Metasternum and abdomen laterally variegated with blackish markings,

the sides being almost uniformly clay-colour in A. p. papuana.

3. Apolecta latipennis spec. nov.

?. A. aspericolli Kirsch (1875) vicina. Supra maculis luteis sat magnis plus

minusve confluis tessellata, antennis corpore triplo longioribus, pronoto punctulato

in medio haud calloso, elytris latis, valde depressis, ante apicem declivem trans-

versim sat fortiter elevatis, metasterno toto punctis granulisque aspero distincta.

Long. (cap. excl.) 14 mm., lat. 5°S mm.

Hab. Perak (W. Doherty), 1 2 ex coll. van de Poll.

Black; the clay-coloured pubescence of the upper surface broken up into spots

by a black network, the clay spots on the whole larger than the black spaces

between them. The pronotum not depressed and without the median callosity

present in nearly all the other species, but the median line faintly elevate in the

centre and feebly impressed posteriorly; the carinae similar to those of A. javanica

Jord. (1894). Elytra broader even than in A. javanica, broadly depressed, and in

front of the apical declivity much more elevate transverse than in any other species

of the genus. Pygidium clay-colour, with the lateral margins and the median line

black; apex very feebly impressed. Antenna about three times as long as the

body.

Underside clay-colour at the sides, more grey centrally; metasternum densely

granulate centrally, punctate-granulate laterally ; last sternite long, rounded- at

the apex. Tibiae rufous, with black apices. Tarsi black, the greater part of the

upperside of the first segment pubescent greyish white.

4. Apolecta suda spec. nov.

?. Nigra; capite griseo bivittato; pronoto luteo-griseo pubescente, vittis

tribus nigris, lateralibus interruptis, ornato, impunctato ; elytris luteo-ochraceo

subreticulatim maculatis; subtus sparsim grisescens, lateribus luteo-ochraceo

maculata.

344 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916,

Long. (cap. excl.) 10 mm., lat. 4 mm.

Hab. Davao, Mindanao (Dr. Platen), 1 $ ex coll. van de Poll.

Allied to A. maculata Jord. (1895), but the lateral dorsal black stripe of the

pronotum interrupted in the centre, the elytra less depressed at the suture, and

their black markings more numerous and more confluent, there being no conspicuous

oblique black half-moon before the declivous apex as in maculata. The meso-

metasterna and the abdomen are laterally spotted with pale ochraceous.

5. Apolecta vicina spec. nov.

3?. Colore et statura A. transverso Oliv. (1795) persimilis ; prothorace

guinque vittis nigris ornato, tribus dorsalibus in medio interruptis vel constrictis,

vitta mediana linea grisea diffusa longitudinaliter divisa, carina dorsali in medio

basi approximata, pronoto longitudinaliter bi-impresso, in medio elevato, parte

elevata impunctata; elytris sat subtiliter punctato-striatis, ;nigrolineolatis et

irroratis, macula parva humerali rotundata, altera majore subrotunda postmediana

inter strias 1 et 5™ sita nigro-velutinis; meso- et metasternis sine punctis distinctis;

tibiis intermediis (d) non mucronatis ; tuberculis geminatis segmenti abdominalis

primi (3) post medium sitis.

Hab. Sumatra: Si-Rambé, xii. 1890—iii. 1891 (E. Modigliani), 1 d and 2 32.

The pronotum is very distinctly impressed longitudinally, and the centre raised

above the level of the impressions, there being no punctures on this elevated

portion. The dorsal carina is so much curved backwards centrally that the sub-

basal carinula is joined to it, whereas in A. transversus Oliv. (1795) = gracillima

Pasc. (1859) the carina is farther from the basal edge and the carinula remains

separate. Moreover, the pronotum of A. transversus is conspicuously punctate-

granulate nearly all over and somewhat rugulose in places. The basal callosities of

the elytra are very distinct in eéc/na, and the suture is depressed from the base

to the apical declivity ; on the limbal area the brown pubescence prevails; the

postmedian velvety spot does not reach the suture, but the sutural interstice is

more or less brown in this region.

6. Apolecta gemina spec. uov.

22. Ab A. vicina prothorace trivittato, pronoto haud longitudinaliter impresso

atque omnino sat sparsim minute granulato-punctato, elytris fortius striato-punctatis,

pone basin multo minus elevatis, macula postmediana communi nigra ad suturam

non interrupta distinguenda.

Hab. Perak, a pair, the & collected by W. Doherty.

The prothoracic stripes are not interrupted. The pronotum is only depressed

in front of the carina, the longitudinal depressions so conspicuous in A. vicina being

absent. The small dispersed granules are distinct in the ?, whereas in the 6,

whose pronotum is somewhat soiled, they are barely visible. The carina approaches

the base as much as in A. vicina. The basal callosities of the elytra are not nearly

so elevate as in A. vicina, the suture is less depressed, and the stripes of punctures

are coarser. There is a rather large black elongate spot on the basal callosity, and

between it and the postmedian patch several smaller spots, of which an elongate

irregular spot near the suture is the largest. A round impressed spot at one-third

of the lateral margin likewise black, as are also a shoulder spot and some spots in

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 345

the apical fourth. The postmedian patch is large, rounded in front, almost straight

behind, sinuate in front on the suture, and produced some distance backwards

behind, The midtibia of the ¢ has no apical tooth.

7. Apolecta crux spec. nov.

?. Similis A. geminae, pronoto longitudinaliter levissime bi-impresso, vittis

lateralibus interruptis, elytris subtilius punctato-striatis, ad suturam magis depressis,

maculis dorsalibus minoribus, postmediana communi cruciformi.

Hab. Hili Madjedja, North Nias, October—December 1895 (I. Z. Kannegieter),

1 2, ex coll. van de Poll.

Perhaps a subspecies of A. gemina, and to some extent intermediate between

that species and A. vicina. The prothorax agrees with that of A. gemina in

having three vittae, but the lateral ones are interrupted; the depressions of the

pronotum are less distinct than in A. vcina, and the puncturation is very incon-

spicuous. The postmedian sutural patch of the elytra is smaller than in the two

previous species, and produced forward as well as backward on the suture, some-

what resembling a flying bird; there is a rounded spot at one-third of the lateral

margin; the dorsal spots are all small.

Key to the species of Apolecta :

A. Intercoxal process of mesosternum not convex in the centre.

a. Pronotum punctated, at least laterally.

al. Meso-metasterna distinctly punctated.

a’. Elytra not broadly depressed from before middle, not elevate before

apical declivity.

a®, Elytrum in middle at most with sharply defined rounded black

spot.

a‘. Central carina of frons strongly developed.

a’. Third segment of antenna white 6 . A. andrewesi.

b, ” ” ” not „

a°. Pronotum without straight black vittae; elytrum with

round black median spot. : . A. nietneri.

b°. Pronotum with three black vittae . A. enganensis.

bt. Central carina of frons feebly developed . . A. paraplesia.

b?. Elytra with black transverse postmedian band.

c*. Scutellum black . B 6 ; : . A. tonkiniana.

di, y Craven 3 ; .A. lewisi.

b?. Elytra broadly depressed from before middle and elevate in front of

apical declivity.

ce’, Elytra with dispersed white spots 6 ; . A. javanica.

a’. Elytra densely tessellated and marmorated with luteous, with

diffuse black transverse band before apical declivity

A. aspericollis.

e®, Elytra densely spotted with ochraceous, without black transverse

band . 5 5 : . 5 ; . A. latipennis.

>, Elytra each with three black spots : 6 . A, guttifera.

346 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

bt. Meso-metasterna without distinct punctures on the sides.

c?. Dorsal carina of pronotum entire.

g°. Dorsal carinula joining the dorsal carina; midtibia not mucronate.

e*. Black postmedian patch of elytra interrupted! or constricted

at the suture . ; j ; 5 . A. vicina.

ft. This patch continuous across ku) produced backward in

the sutural interstices. : ‘ A. gemina.

g* This patch ae forwards as el as backwards on the

suture. : . ö AGI Uas

h?. Dorsal carinula remaining aerate fom the dorsal carina, which

does not approach the base so much as in the previous

species ; midtibia mucronate.

h*. Spots of elytra small, with the exception of the postmedian

patches, at most the subbasal spots fairly large

A. transversus.

it. Elytra with several fairly large pie before and behind the

postmedian patches 6 : . A. parvulus.

. Dorsal carina of pronotum interrupted in centre : A. diversa.

b. impunctate.

e?. Metasternum impunctate.

i’. Abdomen more extended black than luteous grey. A. fucata.

ile 55 about as extended black as ochraceous at sides

A. suda.

ke M more extended luteous grey or luteous than black.

j‘. Lateral black stripe of pronotum broad.

ec’. Elytrum with large oblique black half-moon at beginning

of apical declivity . ; . A. maculata.

d’. Elytra almost evenly ran endl spotted with grey

A. samarana.

kt. Lateral black stripe of pronotum reduced to one or two spots

A. fasciata.

f?. Metasternum punctate . : : : . A. depressipennis.

B. Intercoxal process of mesosternum convex or tuberculiform.

c. Pronotum slightly bi-impressed . 6 ; é 3 . A. puncticollis.

1. Apolecta nietneri Lac. (1866)

A.n. Lacordaire, Gen. Coleopt., Atlas, p. 28. pl. 80. fig. 3. 3a, 9 (1866) (Ceylon) ; Gemm. & Harold,

Cat. Col. ix. p. 2739 (1872) (Ceylon) ; Jord., Nov. Zool. v. p. 237. sub no. 19 (1898) ; Bovie,

Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 14. p. 317 (1905) (Ceylon).

Ceylon.

2. Apolecta andrewesi spec. nov.

Cf. p. 342.

South India.

3. Apolecta enganensis Jord. (1897)

A. e. Jordan, An. Mus. Civ. Genoa xxxviii. p. 640. no. 47 (1897) (Engano); Bovie, l.c., p. 317

(1905) (Engano).

Engano.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 347

4. Apolecta tonkiniana Jord. (1904)

A. t. Jordan, Nov. Zool. xi. p. 236. no. 18 (1904) (Tonkin) ; Bovie, /.c., p. 318 (1905) (Tonkin),

Tonkin,

5. Apolecta paraplesia Jord. (1912)

A, p, Jordan, l.c., xix. p. 145. no. 29 (1912) (Formosa).

Formosa.

6. Apolecta lewisi Sharp (1891)

A, 1. Sharpe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 318 (1891) (Japan) ; Bovie, Z.c., p. 317 (1905) (Japan) ;

Jord., Nov. Zool, xix. p. 145. sub no. 29 (1912).

Japan.

7. Apolecta javanica Jord. (1894)

A.j. Jordan, Nov. Zool. i. p. 649. no. 96 (1894) (E. Java) ; Bovie, l.c., p. 317 (1905) (Java),

A. javana Jordan, Ent, Zeit. Stettin lvi. p. 181. sub no. 68 (1895) (laps. cal.).

Java: South, West, and Hast.

8. Apolecta aspericollis Kirsch (1875)

A, a. Kirsch, Mitth. Mus. Dresden i. p. 55 (1875) (Malacca) ; Jord., Ent. Zeit. Stettin lvi. p. 179.

sub no. 66 (1895) ; id., Nov. Zool. v. p. 236. sub no. 18 (1898); Bovie, l.c., p. 317 (1905)

(Malacca).

Malay Pen. ; Singapore ; Sumatra.

9. Apolecta latipennis spec. nov.

Cf. p. 343. z P 2

Perak.

10. Apolecta vicina spec. nov.

Apolecta gracillima, Jordan (nec Pascoe, err. determ.), Ann. Mus. Civ. Genoa xxxviii. p. 641. no. 49

(1897) (Sumatra).

Cf. p. 344.

Sumatra.

11. Apolecta gemina spec. nov.

Cf. p. 344.

Perak.

12. Apolecta crux spec. nov.

Cf. p. 345.

Nias.

13. Apolecta transversus Oliv. (1795)

Macrocephalus transversus Olivier, Ent. iv. 80. p. 10. tab. 1. figs. 12. a. b. (1795) (Ind. or.) ; Schénh.,

Gen. Spec. Cure. i. p. 184. no. 15 (1833) (incerti generis).

Nessiara transversa, Lacordaire, Gen. Col. vii. p. 338, footnote 1 (1866) ; Gemm, & Harold, Cat. Col.

ix. p. 2735 (1872) (Ind. or.) ; Jordan, Nov. Zool. i. p. 630 (1894) ; Bovie, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg.

14. p. 257 (1905) (Ind. or.).

Apolecta gracillima Pascoe, Ann. Mag. N. H. (3). iv. p. 431 (1859) (Singapore) ; Jord., Ent. Zeit.

Stettin lvi. p. 180. sub no. 67 (1895) ; Bovie, /.c., p. 317 (1905) (Singapore ; Sumatra),

Apolecta transversa, Jordan, Ent. Tijdschr. lix. p. 162. no. 13 (1916) (Java ; gracillima = transversa),

Perak ; Sumatra ; Borneo; Java.

348 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

14. Apolecta parvulus Thoms. (1857)

Mecocerus parvulus Thomson, Arch. Ent. i. p. 437 (1857) (Aru) ; Lacord., Gen. Col. vii. p. 555,

footnote 3 (1866).

Apolecta parvula Pascoe, Ann. Mag. N. H. (3). v. p. 48. tab. 2 (1860) ; Gemm. & Harold, Cat. Col.

ix. p. 2739 (1872) (Aru) ; Bovie, /.c., p. 317 (1905) (Aru).

Aru; British New Guinea.

15. Apolecta diversa Jord. (1904)

A.d. Jordan, Nov. Zool, xi. p. 237. no. 19 (1904) (N. Borneo) ; Bovie, l.c., p. 317 (1905) (Borneo).

North Borneo.

16. Apolecta fucata Pasc. (1860)

A. f, Pascoe, Journ. Ent, 1, p, 329 (1860) (Ceram) ; Lacord., Gen. Cure. vii. p. 555, footnote 3 (1866)

(Ceram) ; Gemm. & Harold, Cat. Col. ix. p. 2739 (1872) (Ceram) ; Bovie, l.c., p. 317 (1905)

(Ceram),

Ceram.

17. Apolecta suda spec. nov.

Cf. p. 343.

Mindanao.

18. Apolecta maculata Jord. (1895)

A, m. Jordan, Ent. Zeit. Stettin lvi. p. 264. no. 26 (1895) (Luzon) ; Bovie, l.c., p. 317 (1905)

(Philippines).

Luzon; Samar.

19. Apolecta samarana Jord. (1898)

A, s. Jordan, Nov, Zool. v. p. 373. no. 35 (1898) (Samar) ; Bovie, l.c., p. 318 (1905) (Samar).

Samar.

20. Apolecta fasciata Jord. (1895)

A. f. Jordan, Ent. Zeit, Stettin lvi. p. 180. no. 68 (1895) (Luzon); Bovie, l.c., p. 317 (1905)

(Luzon).

Luzon.

21. Apolecta depressipennis Jord. (1895)

A, d. Jordan, Ent. Zeit. Stettin lvi. p. 179. no. 66 (1895) (Borneo) ; id., Z.c., p. 264. sub no, 26

(1895) ; Bovie, l.c., p. 317 (1905) (Borneo).

Borneo: Brunei, Sarawak, Pontianak.

22. Apolecta guttifera Jord. (1897)

A. g. Jordan, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova xxxviii. p. 641. no. 48 (1897) (Sumatra) ; Bovie, l.c., p. 317

(1905) (Sumatra).

Sumatra.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 349

23. Apolecta papuana Jord. (1898)

A. p. Jordan, Nov. Zool. v. p. 373. no. 36 (1898) (Brit. N. Guinea) ; Bovie, l.c., p. 317 (1905) (New

Guinea).

New Guinea; Northern Moluccas.

a. A. papuana papuana Jord. (1898)

A. p. Jordan, l.c.

New Guinea.

b. A. papuana virgata subsp. nov.

Of. p. 343.

Batjan.

24. Apolecta puncticollis Jord. (1895)

A, p. Jordan, Ent. Zeit. Stettin lvi. p. 179. no. 67 (1895) (Borneo) ; Bovie, l.e., p. 318 (1905)

(Borneo).

Borneo; Perak.

APOLECTELLA gen. nov.

A genere Apolecta denominato oculis transversis grossius granulatis et magis

elevatis, processu mesosternali brevi truncato distinguenda.

Genotypus: A. minor Jord. (1895, Apolecta).

This genus of small species stands in a similar relation to Apolecta as in the

Aethiopian Region Epicerastes to Anacerastes.

1. Apolectella minor Jord. (1895)

Apolecta minor Jordan, Ent. Zeit. Stettin lvi. p. 181. no. 69 (1895) (Perak) ; Bovie, l.c., p. 317 (1905)

(Perak).

Perak ; Singapore ; Sarawak.

2. Apolectella frontalis spec. nov.

2. Rufescens, pube grisea et brunnea variegata ; fronte postice valde elevata

antice planata.

Long. (cap. exel.): 44 mm.

Hab. South Palawan, one ?.

The specimen is probably not quite mature, which would explain the pale

rufescent colouring of the derm. In general aspect very close to A. minor, but the

grey markings less prominent, the pronotum more evenly convex, the two elongate

tubercles found in the third interspace of each elytrum of A. minor absent, and the

tibiae without brown median spot. The eye is somewhat broader than in A, minor,

and the frons posteriorly much more elevate, the frons and occiput, in a lateral

view, almost forming a right angle.

350 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIIT. 1916.

ON THE SPECIES OF SOMABRACHYS IN THE

TRING MUSEUM.

By KARL JORDAN, Ps.D.

(With Plates VII. and VIIL)

E have over 900 males of Somabrachys in the Tring Museum, besides some

females and larvae. Most of the specimens are from various parts of

Algeria, a few from Marocco, Tunisia, and Palestine. As the present state of

Europe makes travelling outside England impossible for me, I have not been able

to consult any Continental collections ; and, to my great regret, Monsieur Charles

Oberthiir has been so seriously ill that he was prevented from sending me samples

of his species. May the fates be kind to Entomology and accord him a complete

recovery.

The specimens of Somabrachys have been separated into about twenty species

and varieties. The coloration being very uniform, the determination of the species

is a matter of difficulty according to Oberthür. I agree with him even if there

are only half as many distinct species as have been described ; and I do not expect

that insectivorous enemies of Somabrachys, if any, are able to discriminate with

such nicety that their destructive activities have played a röle in building up the

specific distinctions.

What are these distinctions ? Some deviations in colouring, wing-shape, and

size are in the main the only characteristics relied upon by the authors of the

species, or, to be more correct, the authors of the names.

The first substantial advance in our knowledge of the species is due to.

H. Powell, who studied the caterpillars on the spot and bred many imagines.

The results of his studies, which are laid down in Oberthiir’s Etudes Lép. Comp.

v. 1. pp. 227-282 (1911), bear testimony to his fine powers of ossennaaton,

Powell distinguishes three chief types of larvae:

Group A.—Larva with slits on seven abdominal segments.

Group B.—Larva with slits on eöight abdominal segments ; dorsal warts

of abdomen slightly oblique, bearing four, rarely five, long hairs,

except on segments vill, ix, and x (last three segments).

Group C.—Larva with slits on e/ght abdominal segments ; dorsal warts

of abdomen oblique and strongly transverse, bearing nine to twelve

long hairs, except on segments Vili, ix, and x.

The imagines I have before me also fall into three groups, which are so

clearly defined that an error as to the position of a specimen, be it a d or @, is

hardly possible. The chief differences between these groups are found.in the head,

foreleg, abdomen, and wings. The d-genitalia also differ to some extent (cf.

Plates VII and VIII). Having ? $ of one group only, we do not know if there

is any specific distinction in the armature of the seventh and eighth abdominal

sternites of that sex, but believe that little of diagnostic value is to be derived

from those segments in the present case.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 351

Group A.—Frons with subprismatical truncate process. Abdomen very

densely spinulose on upperside. Forefemur slender, without apical

tooth, subconvex on underside. R! of forewing (vein 6) from above

angle of discocellulars. Tenth tergite (8) clavate, with the apex

truncate-sinuate.

Group B.—Frons with an irregular wart or scars only visible if the hair

is removed. Spinules on upperside of abdomen less dense than in

Group A. Forefemur stout, flattened beneath, without apical tooth.

R! of forewing from below angle of discocellulars. Apex of tenth

tergite (¢) pointed.

Group C.—Frons with raised lines or scars visible only if the hair is

removed. Spinules of abdomen as in Group B. Forefemur stout,

flattened beneath, with a tooth on innerside at apex. R! of forewing

from angle of discocellulars. Apex of tenth tergite (¢) pointed.

After having studied Powell’s work on the larvae and Oberthür’s figures of

imagines, I am convinced that my Groups A, B, and C of imagines coincide with

doubt that all the species described by Oberthiir and others belong to one or the

other of the three groups of imagines.

The task of placing the species and varieties hitherto published into their

respective groups is most difficult for me. The descriptions are of little or no

help,—and the figures? In many instances the artist, or the camera, has repro-

duced the characteristic distinctions in neuration, of which the authors themselves

were unaware ; but as that is not universally the case, much is left to guessing.

The types of nearly all the doubtful forms are in French collections. It should,

therefore, not be difficult for a French entomologist with some knowledge of

morphology to place the specimens correctly.

The first-deseribed species, wegrota and infuscata Klug (1832), are not doubtful

tome. The position of R! in the forewing (vein 6) is indicated in the original

figures. Enlarged drawings of the forewings,* which I owe to the kindness of the

Director of the Berlin Museum, show that vein in the same positions (Plate VIIL,

figs. 16 and 17), According to the figures aegrota belongs to Group A, and infuscata

to Group B.

S. codeti Aust. (1880) is represented in the Tring Museum by the name-type

and numerous other specimens. It belongs to Group A.

S. arcanaria Milliere (1884) was described as a Geometrid, the description

being accompanied by a very unsatisfactory figure. The original specimens (one 3

in coll. Staudinger at Dresden, two dd in coll. Milliere in the Royal Museum at

Sofia) are not accessible to me at present. If I may venture a guess, I refer the

species to Group A. The specimens figured as arcanaria by Oberthür, Lép. Comp. v.

In 1908 Oberthür described two new species in Bull. Soc. Ent. brance, p. 48:

S. powelli and S. chretient. The former, which is figured in Lép. Comp. ili.

pl. 21 (1909), gives me the impression of belonging to Group A. The figure of the

second species, chretieni, appears in Lép. Comp. iv. pl. 36. Although vein R! of

* Although these drawings are meant to be “rough sketches” only, they are so instructive that I

consider them superior to any of the published drawings, and I therefore do not hesitate in using them

for illustrating the present paper.

352 NoVITATES ZOOLOGICAR XXIII. 1916.

the forewing is not drawn, I am convinced that the figure was taken from a

specimen of Group C, chretieni Oberth. (1908) therefore being the first name

applying to that group.

S. khenchelae Oberth. (1909) being based on a ?, nothing can be said as yet

about its position. The ¢ which Oberthür figures as khenchelae in 1910 is likewise

doubtful, vein R! not being drawn. I am inclined to refer also this name to

Group C. The photograph published by Oberthür, in Lép. Comp. v. 1. pl. A,

appears to confirm my opinion.

S. mogadorensis Oberth. (1909) seems to me to belong to Group A, S. albi-

nervis Oberth. (1909) to Group C, and S. unicolor Oberth. (1909) to Group A. All

three are figured in Lép. Comp. iii. pl. 21, but not described.

The description of S. ragmata Chrétien (1910) does not throw any light on the

position of the species. Oberthür, however, in Lép. Comp. v. 1. pl. A, figures

among infuscata a specimen he received from Chrétien as ragmata. The photograph

of this example shows R! of the forewing to arise from above the angle of the

discocellulars, which is especially evident on the left wing of the figure in our copy

of the work. I place ragmata, therefore, in Group A.

In Lép. Comp. v. 1, p. 251, 296 to 300 (1911), a number of other names appear,

evidently for the first time, the descriptions being accompanied by three photo-

graphic plates :

S. klugi Oberth. (1911), manastabal Oberth. (1911), adherbal Oberth. (1911),

hiempsal Oberth. (1911), maroccana Oberth. (1911), and Aolli Oberth. (1911) are

referable to Group A.

S. fumosa Oberth. (1911) probably belongs to Group C, and S. kroumira Oberth.

(1911) to Group B. The specimens figured by Oberthiir as S. codet! Austaut and

as S. codeti-atrinervis Oberth. (described as S. codeti var. atrinervis) are referable

to Group B, the neuration standing out so well in most of the figures that the

position of vein R! of the forewing below the angle of the discocellulars is very plain.

No further species of Somabrachys seem to have been described since 1911 ;

at any rate, I have not found any descriptions in the literature which is available.

Presented in tabular form the names are distributed as follows, arranged in

chronological order under each group :

Group A. Group B. GROUP C,

aegrota Klug (1832) infuscata Klug (1832) chretieni Oberth. (1908)

codeti Austant (1880) ? kroumira Oberth. (1911) ? khenchelae Oberth. (1909)

2arcanaria Milliére (1884) codeti var. atrinervis Oberth. | albinervis Oberth. (1909)

powelli Oberth. (1908) | (1911) ? fumosa Oberth. (1911)

mogadorensis Oberth. (1909)

wnicolor Oberth. (1909)

ragmata Chrétien (1910)

klugi Oberth. (1911)

manastabal Oberth. (1911)

adherbal Oberth. (1911)

hiempsal Oberth. (1911)

holli Oberth. (1911)

maroccana Oberth. (1911)

Powell separates the larvae he has observed into five species, two belonging to

Group A, two to Group B, and one to Group C.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 353

Oberthiir, on the other hand, relying on the facies of the imagines, believes

that there are a large number of distinct species. He confesses, however, that he

has many specimens which he cannot place with certainty.

When I took up the study of Somabrachys I fully expected to find that

Oberthiir was right. The differences in the shade of colour, in size, and in the

outline of the forewing, and obvious distinctions in the neuration both on the fore-

and hindwing, coupled with differences I noticed at once in the structure of the

frons and the foreleg and in the spinosity of the abdomen, pointed to the existence

of a large number of species. The more specimens I compared, however, the less

evidence I found for the correctness of that view. This is what I observed :

GROUP A

We have 540 odd males and 19 females of this group from the following

places: Palestine; Ain-Draham, in Tunis; Hussein Dey, Médéa, Les Glacieres de

Blida, Batna, Guelt-es-Stel, and Oran, all in Algeria; and Mazagan on the Atlantic

coast of Marocco.

This number is sufficiently large for the purpose of investigating the question

whether Group A contains more than one species. Provided there are several

species in this group, it would be a most singular coincidence if all our specimens,

collected indiscriminately and coming from widely separate countries, represented

but one of these species. I have studied the examples from different localities

separately and conjointly, and have found nothing whatever to indicate that we

have more than one species. This is no proof that Oberthiir also has only one

species of Group A ; but until sufficient evidence to the contrary is brought forward,

I recommend to treat the string of names under Group A as synonyms of S. aegrota

Klug (1832). The differences which Powell describes of his species No. 2 and No. 3

are not convincing. Of No. 2 he bred only two 2 ?, which he could not distinguish

from 22 of No. 3. The dd he obtained at the lamp in the same locality, and

which he assumes to belong to No. 2 (and which are named by Oberthür adherbal)

are said to be smaller and paler than No. 3 (= manastabal Oberth.) The dorsal

abdominal warts of the larva of No. 2 are described as bearing 7 to 9 long whitish

hairs, and there are two pale yellow dorsal stripes ; in No. 3 the warts have only 5

or 6 long whitish hairs, the general colour is greenish grey dorsally and laterally, and

the yellowish dorsal lines are absent. We have two blown caterpillars of Group A,

i.e. with seven glandular slits on the abdomen. The colour is reddish from the

stigmata upwards ; there is a thin pale dorsal central line, but no pale lines connect

the dorsal warts. These warts bear on the abdominal segments i to vil from 4

to 8 white hairs, the usual number being 5 or 6, 4 and 8 occurring once, 7 twice on

the seven segments in question (28 warts) of the two specimens. The instability

here observed in the number of white hairs shakes the value of the distinction

described by Powell.

Our series of dd varies in the length of the forewing from 9 to 13°5 mm.

The specimens from Guelt-es-Stel (nearly 500) measure from 9 to 12:5 mm., those

from Mazagan in Marocco (only six) from 11°5 to 135 mm. The larger examples

from the West Coast of Marocco agree in size with Oberthiir’s mogadorensis

from Mogador; maroccana Oberthür, also from Mogador, has the forewing only

10 mm. long. Our examples from Palestine (thirteen) measure 10 to 11 mm.,

those from Ain-Draham in Tunis (seven) from 10°5 to 12 mm., and the remaining

354 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

specimens from various Algerian localities from 10 to 12 mm. In the type-specimen

of codeti the forewing is 10 mm. long.

Somabrachys appears to me to be a genus at which the causes of the variation

in size could be tested without much difficulty. As a rule, succulence and abundance

of food, and a moist atmosphere have a favourable influence on the growth of

insects. Not only are the species of Somabrachys polyphagous, but the individual

larva will accept different plants—for instance change from Lychnis to a thistle.

The caterpillars are not at all rare in the environs of Alger, and as the female lays a

large number of eggs in clusters, sufficient. material for feeding experiments should

easily be procurable.

The colouring is much affected by flight and exposure. Most of our specimens

caught at the lamp are so worn that the wings have become semi-transparent and

the thorax has assumed a very pale brown tint. The veins usually contrast with

the interspaces as dark lines, which, however, are not so prominent as in Group B.

The deeper or paler colouring is a very unsafe guide in separating Groups A,

specimens of Group A which are more uniformly deep brown, or pale brown, or

dark-veined.

The antennae have longer branches in the present group than in B and O,

which is especially noticeable if the last segments are compared. But the difference

is not evident enough to be of much diagnostic value. Moreover, the branches are

by no means constant in individuals of the same wing-size.

The structure of the head is characteristic. The frons is broader in the female

than in the male, which is owing to the eyes of the female being narrower than

in the other sex, but bears the same protuberances in both sexes. The central

projection being very easy to see with a lens, it affords the best means of recognising

a female as belonging to the present group. The triangular or trilobate apical

surface of the frontal process is rarely concealed by the long hair of the head ; if it

should be the case, the hair need only be moved aside with the help of a pin

or small brush in order to bring the structure into view. On the denuded head we

observe three elevations between the antennae and the mouth-cavity (the mouth-

organs are absent or vestigial) (Pl. VII, fig. 1). A low transverse ridge (C)

placed in front of the antennae is an excrescence of the anterior edge of the

suture (S) which separates the epicranium from the large sclerite which in Lepi-

doptera forms the face or frons and is homologous to the clipeus of other insects.

Centrally from this sharp and low ridge forward a transversely rounded-convex swelling

gradually rises to form a large truncate prominence (Pl. VII, fig. 1, P.c.), the frontal

process. Below this process, i.e. towards the mouth, the frons still remains convex,

being raised above the frontal edge of the eye, and ends at the mouth with a second

projection, an enlargement of the anterior edge of the clipeus. This oral process

(Pl. VU, fig. 1, P.o.) is a transverse narrow ridge which is almost vertical on the

plane of the frons, being slightly bent upwards. It nearly reaches across the frons,

being somewhat widened apically, with the apical margin sinuate or bidentate.

Fig. 2 represents a side view of the frons.

These three structures are variable individually, the most conspicuous of them,

the frontal process, also presenting very strongly marked modifications in size and

outline. As a rule the sides of the triangle are much longer than the base, but

sometimes the surface of the process is equilateral, apart from the irregularities of

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 355

the edges. The upper (central) lobe projects more forward than the lateral lobes.

Occasionally the process is distinctly asymmetrical. Figs. 1 and 6-9 give an

idea of the individual variation of the process. Differences such as shown in

figs. S and 9 might easily be mistaken for specific, if only a few specimens were

examined. The intermediates and the general instability of the size and outline of

the process, however, dispose of that opinion.

In the female the processes are broader than in the male, the posterior ridge

is usually higher, and the margins of the antennal grooves are more strongly

elevated.

The second character mentioned above in the diagnosis of Group A relates

to the covering of the body, There are no scales on the body, only hairs and

bristles. In the d the hair is long, soft and somewhat silky, and beneath it the

upperside of the abdomen is densely studded with numerous spine-like bristles,

stiff, short and sharp, lying more or less flat on the segments. In the ? the

covering of hair is much sparser, and the hairs are shorter and stiffer, resembling

slender bristles also on the underside of the body; the short bristles of the

abdominal tergites are rather more numerous than in the d. In Groups B and C

the hairs aud bristles are similar, but the bristles are fewer in number, the difference

being very obvious if specimens are compared side by side. The development of

such bristles in Somabrachys is explained by the habit of pupating in the ground.

We find them in numerous moths which have the same habit. They represent an

instructive case of convergent development, due to adaptation to similar eircam-

stances of life. The peculiar structure of the foretibia which Somabrachys has in

common with Lemonia is another instance of this kind of resemblance.

The legs of Somabrachys are almost alike in the sexes, with these exceptions :

(1) that the legs of the male, especially the tarsi, have a covering of scales besides

bristles, whereas in the female there are only bristles and hairs; (2) that the claw

at the end of the foretibia and the corresponding apical tooth of the mid- and hind-

tibiae are larger; and (3) that the tarsi are rather stouter. The differences from

Groups B and C are found in the foreleg. The claw of the foretibia is usually con-

vex on the upperside in Group A (= Somabrachys aegrota), rarely being longitu-

dinally flattened or grooved. The forefemur is considerably slenderer than in

surface being bounded on the innerside only apically by a rudiment of a ridge, and

the bristles placed on this side of the femur being the same colour as, or only

slightly darker than, the hairs on the outer surface of the foreleg.

The most easily perceived distinction between the groups, however, is the

difference in the position of vein R! (= 6) of the forewing. This vein arises in

group A invariably above the angle of the discocellulars (Pl. VIII, figs. 16 and 18),

the distance of its point of origin from that angle being unstable, as it also is in

Group B. It is singular that nobody has taken any notice of the neuration of the

forewing. Differences in the veins of the hindwing have been mentioned in the

original descriptions of powelli and chretieni, which, however, do not hold good.

The individual variability is very considerable. Studying a long series of

specimens, one meets with remarkable deviations from the normal Somabrachys

neuration, the deviations occurring either symmetrically on both the right and left

wings, or only on one wing. There are four subcostal branches in Somabrachys,

SC? being absent ; in two of our specimens of Group A vein SC* is forked on the

right wing, and in one specimen on the left wing. In the hindwing the first

356 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

radial (R!= 6) either arises from the cell or is stalked with the preceding vein

(=C+SC’?=7+8), the stalk being usually short, but sometimes of considerable

length. R? and R? are sometimes on a short stalk in the fore- or the hindwing.

The most interesting aberration in our series of S. aegrota is a specimen in which

R! and R? of the forewing are coincident on both the right and left forewing, there

being one vein less than in normal specimens, and the vein representing R! + R?

arises in the centre of the discocellulars at the point, or a very little below it, where

the central cell-fold ends. In the right wing of this specimen an oblique vein runs

from near the upper angle of the cell to R! + R?, joining this vein at one-third. In

the same wing the costa anastomoses with the first subcostal branch, while R?

of the left hindwing is stalked with R? and becomes obsolete before reaching the

margin.

The female is entirely wingless, and its thorax very short and modified. I

expect that some differences between the groups A, B, and C will be found to exist

in the thoracic sclerites.

The genital armature of the male is of a very simple kind, and of great

similarity in all three groups, being most distinctive in Group A. I have not found

any differences between large and small, pale and dark specimens, or between

examples from different countries (Marocco and Palestine, for instance).

The tenth tergite terminates in a short process which is nearly straight in a

lateral view, with the exception of the apex, which is slightly curved downwards.

In a dorsal view (Pl. VIII, fig. 25) it appears club-shaped, being widened apically.

The dorsal surface is longitudinally impressed, and the apical margin is rounded-

emarginate, not being produced centrally into a point, as in Groups B and C

(Pl. VIII, fig. 24, anal view). The flanks of the tenth tergite proximally to the free

process extend downwards, meeting a transverse brown sclerite at some distance

below the central process (Pl. VIII, fig. 26). This plate, which is studded with

minute granules, is the modified terminal portion of the rectum. It is convex on

the upperside and concave beneath, being more or less closely applied to the

cylindrical penis-sheath. The latter, which slightly tapers apically, projects from

a simple collar. The lateral claspers of the ninth segment are much longer than

broad, being of nearly even width from the base to the strongly-rounded apex

(Pl. VIII, fig. 26). The ventral margin of this valve is convex, the apex some-

what incrassate on the innerside, and the dorsal margin concave. On account of

this shape, the valves do not touch one another dorsally except near the apex, the

tenth tergite remaining visible in between them.

GROUP B

We have 340 males of this group, but no females. All are from Algeria :

Alger, Blida, Batna, and Guelt-es-Stel. The forewing varies in length from 9°5 to

14°5 mm., the majority of specimens measuring from 11°5 to 13 mm. If not too

much worn, both wings have prominent dark brown vein-streaks. The thorax

varies from dark mummy-brown to pale wood-brown. The extreme individuals are

rather different in aspect, but no line of demarcation can be drawn. The obvious.

conclusion is that our specimens represent one species only, which conclusion is

confirmed by the study of the structure. The name of this species is S. infuscata

Klug (1832).

The process placed at the lower edge of the frons (Pl. VII, figs. 3, 4) is

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAH XXIII. 1916. 357

bidentate as in S. wegrota, but much narrower than in that species. The two prongs

or teeth vary in length, and very rarely are obliterated. ‘The frons, when denuded,

usually shows a central depression surrounded by an irregular rim, which is exceed-

ingly variable, but always low. The rim and the groove are occasionally barely

traceable. As a rule the rim is anteriorly open, ending here at each side in a small

tooth or tubercle. The groove encircled is often divided up by irregular transverse

folds, and frequently extends backwards as a shallow, irregular channel or scar.

There is no ridge at the suture between the antennae. The homology of this central

structure with the process of S. wegrota is evident from figs. 2 and 4, and 3 and 6.

The scar is more or less different in every specimen (cf. figs. 10-12).

The branches of the antennae, especially those of the distal segments, are

shorter than in S. wegrota (= Group A), and the spiniform bristles on the upperside

of the abdomen less numerous.

The anterior femur is considerably thicker (Pl. VIII, fig. 22) than in S. aegrota,

and flatter beneath, an obtuse edge being formed where the under and inner lateral

surfaces meet. The covering of stiff hairs on the innerside is usually blackish

brown. The thorn at the apex of the foretibia is flattened above, or more or less

impressed longitudinally.

Although vein R! of the forewing (Pl. VIII, figs. 17 and 19) always arises

from below the angle of the discocellulars, it sometimes, but rarely, approaches this

angle so closely that a specimen with R! in that position might easily be confused

with Group C, if the wings alone were examined. The individual variability in

venation is no less great than in the case of S. aegrota. I mention the following

examples: (a) R! and R? of both forewings stalked; (4) R! of right forewing

normal, distally obsolete in left forewing, with a short additional vein arising from

the cell in front of R! of left forewing ; (c) R! of left forewing entirely coincident

with R?, while in right forewing these two veins are approximated apically ; (7) R*

completely coincident with R? in left forewing, in right forewing coincident only

apically; (e) R! and R? in both forewings, and R? and R? in both hindwings

coincident,

The lower branch of the cell-fold of the forewing is variable in position in all

three groups.

The tenth abdominal tergite of the d (we have no ? ?) gradually tapers to a

sharp point, which is curved downwards. The tenth sternite is more strongly

granulose than in S. aegrota, and the side-claspers are much broader, touching one

another dorsally when closed and thus concealing the tenth tergite (Pl. VIII,

fig. 27).

GROUP C

This is evidently less common than the previous groups. We have 68 males

from Ain-Draham in Northern Tunis, Batna and Guelt-es-Stel in Algeria.

Oberthiir records chretieni from near Sebdou, khenchelae from Khenchela, albinervis

from Sebdou and Géryville, and the doubtful fumosa (i.e. doubtful to me) from

Géryville. Our specimens represent one single species, the name of which is

S. chretieni, if my identification of Oberthiir’s figures is correct.

S. chretieni varies much less in size than S. aegrota and S. infuscata, and is

always large, the forewing measuring 12 to 14mm. in our series. The wings are

more uniformly brown than in S. infuscata, the veins being hardly darker than the

ground. Oberthiir’s aldinervis is presumably based on specimens in which the

358 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

veins are denuded and therefore appear whitish in certain aspects. S. chretieni

can easily be distinguished from S. aegrota and S. infuscata by the forefemur and

the neuration.

The process projecting from the lower margin of the frons (Pl. VII, fig. 5) is

similar to that of S. infuscata, and, as in that species, sometimes is triangular,

in which case the two apical prongs or teeth usually present are obliterated. The

central scar of the frons is only visible if the hair is removed. It generally consists

of a double or single very low ridge in the shape of a horseshoe open anteriorly ;

in some specimens the scar is represented by a double raised central line, in others

the scar is distinct only at the interantennal suture. The individual variability

is very considerable (ef. figs. 13-15). I do not think that Groups B and C present a

reliable difference in the shape of the scar.

There is apparently also no difference between S. chretieni and S. infuscata in

the spines of the abdominal tergites. The forefemur, however, which is flattened

beneath as in S. infuscata, and bears at the innerside a ridge dividing the under

surface from the lateral one, has at the apex towards the innerside ventrally a

triangular, transversely placed tooth, which is variable in size, and absent from the

other two species (Pl. VIII, fig. 23). The foretibia is slenderer than in S. infuscata,

and the proximal portion from the knee-joint to the base of the apical claw is

slightly longer. The stiff hairs on the inner surface of the forefemur are usually

dark brown, sometimes pale.

The shape of the forewing varies inasmuch as the costal margin is either

nearly straight or distally more distinctly curved forward. Vein R! (=6) always

arises from the angle of the discocellulars, being a direct continuation of the

vestigial cell-vein (Pl. VIII, fig. 20). In this character S. chretieni is more ancestral

than the other species of Somabrachys. The variability in the neuration of our

series is not considerable. The most noteworthy case is that of a specimen (from

Guelt-es-Stel), in which R! of the left forewing sends out a branch which does not

reach the margin; while in the right forewing R! is connected by an additional

cross-vein with the lower cell-angle, and by another with the last subcostal vein,

The male genitalia are of no great help in distinguishing S. chretieni from

S. infuscata. The apex of the tenth tergite is less suddenly bent downwards, and

the apical point is longer (Pl. VIII, fig. 29, dorsal view) ; moreover, the clasper is

longer and narrower, and its dorso-apical margin thicker (Pl. VIII, fig. 28). The

upper surface of the tenth tergite is either convex, or longitudinally impressed.

To sum up, my conclusion is that we have only three species of Somabrachys.

It remains to be seen whether Oberthiir really has more species, which I doubt.

Having ? ? of one species (S. aegrota) only, we assume for the present that the

distinctions in the d3 (apart from the wings and genitalia) of S. infuscata and

S. chretieni apply likewise to the 22. If the assumption is correct, the ? of

S. infuscata can be recognised by the absence of a prominent central frontal process,

and of an apical tooth on the forefemur, and the $ of S, chretieni by the possession

of this femoral tooth.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 35%

ANTHRIBIDAE COLLECTED BY MONSIEUR I. VITALIS

DE SALVAZA IN FRENCH INDO-CHINA.

By KARL JORDAN, Pu.D.

(With 4 text-figures.)

HE specimens of Anthribidae which Monsieur I. Vitalis de Salvaza obtained on

his travels in Cambodja, Annam, and Tonkin were very kindly submitted by

him to me with the request to work them out. Very little has been recorded

from these countries besides the few species I have described in Nov. Zool. on

various occasions. The present collection contains only nineteen species, which is

undoubtedly a very small percentage of the species actually occurring. The total

absence in this collection of representatives of Acorynus and Litocerus is remarkable,

considering that these genera have an abundance of species in the Malayan coun-

tries, and are also well represented on Formosa. The collection is nevertheless a

very welcome contribution to our knowledge of the distribution of the Anthribidae,

and, moreover, contains several species which are undescribed. The types of these

novelties are in the Tring Museum, and I take the opportunity of thanking

Monsieur Vitalis de Salvaza once more for his generosity in presenting them to

our collection in addition to other specimens.

1. Phloeopemon acuticornis Fabr. (1801)

Anthribus acuticornis Fabricius, Syst. Eleuth, 2. p. 405. no. 4 (1801) (Sumatra).

A fairly common Indo-Malayan species. Monsieur Vitalis obtained a series

collected in various places in Annam and Tonkin, the species being met with by him

in all months from May to August.

2. Meganthribus harmandi harmandi Lesne (1891)

Eugigas harmandi Lesne, Bull. Soc. Ent. France, p. 91 (1891) (Cochinchina ; Cambodja).

A single ? from Sambor, Cambodja, September 1912.

3. Mecotropis vitticollis tonkinianus subsp. nov. (text-fig. 2)

?. The median vitta of the pronotum is broader than in M. v. vittieollis Jord.

(1895), from Assam, the two dorsal spots (one on each side) are united with it, and

the dorsal lateral vitta is replaced by some spots. The greyish buff markings of the

elytra are larger; there is in interspace 4 a short basal stripe, more or less joined to

the sutural vitta, but no oblique line above the shoulder-angle; the apical patch is

much larger, and the spots in the median area of the elytra are more numerous.

The greyish-white median ring of the tibiae is broader; the meso-metasterna and

the first abdominal segment are broadly black in the centre, and the mesosternal

intercoxal process is much broader than in M. ». vitticollis (cf, text-figs. 1, tonkini-

anus ; 2, vitticollis).

As in M. v. vitticollis, segments 6, 7, and 8 of the antenna are entirely white,

1 ? from Chapa, via Lao Kay, Upper Tonkin, April 1915.

360 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

4. Mecocerus vitalis spec. nov. (text-fig. 3)

?. Similis M. eylindrico Jord. (1904), sed antennarum articulis 7° et 8° totis

albis, tarsorum art. 2° toto nigro, prosterno ante coxas fossa transversa figurae 3

simili instructo.

Long. (cap. exc.): 16 mm.

Hab. Sambor, Cambodja, September 1912,12.

Resembles M. cylindrieus Jord. (1904), from Tonkin, but the antenna is

somewhat thicker, and segments 7 and 8 are entirely pubescent-white, while in

M. cylindricus the tip of the seventh, the entire eighth, and the base of the ninth

are white, The sides of the pronotum are black, with a grey dot before the middle

and another some distance in front of the carina. The grey markings of the elytra

are edged with russet ; the declivous apex is grey, with some russet and black

M N

ih ı INN

Mas\

Hat

” Cat ” ”

» 3,—Prosternum of

” » vitticollis.

Mecotropis vitalis.

” » dp cylindricus,

spots. The groove on the prosternum runs parallel with the margins of the coxal

cavities, entering in between the coxa, and therefore resembling the figure 3. In

M. cylindricus this groove is almost straight in front and much deeper (cf. text-figs. 3,

vitalis ; 4, cylindricus). The mesosternal process is rather narrower apically than

in M. cylindricus, and the second basal segment is quite black.

Differs from M. vitticollis especially in segment 6 of the antenna being black,

in the pronotum being somewhat depressed longitudinally on each side of the

middle, the centre appearing somewhat raised and bearing a black spot in the grey

median vitta.

5. Mecocerus allectus indochinensis subsp. nov.

3%. M. a. maculato Jord. (1894) simillimus, pronoto magis regulariter nigro-

reticulato, elytris minutius nigro-tessellatis.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 361

Hab. Toura Kom, Annam, July 1915 (type) ; Keng Trap, Annam, April 1915;

Lao Kay, Upper Tonkin, July 1913; a small series of both sexes.

We also have a ? from Phac Sou, Annam (H. Fruhstorfer), November—

December ; and a number of specimens (d 2) from Laos.

6. Mecocerus asmenus Jord. (1913)

Mecocerus asmenus Jordan, Rec. Ind. Mus. ix. p. 204. no. 7 (1913) (¢, Cachar ; 9, Sadiya).

1 ? from Keng Trap, Cuerao, Annam, August 1913.

We have also a d from Hoa Binh, Tonkin.

These two specimens differ from the two Indian examples described by me, Z.c.,

in the dorso-lateral basal tawny spot of the pronotum not being continued forward

across the carina.

7. Physopterus oculatus Jord. (1904)

Physopterus oculatus Jordan, Nov. Zool. p. 231. no. 4 (1904) (Tonkin, ¢ 2).

1 3 from Keng Trap, Cuerao, Annam, August 1913; 2 2 2 from Chapa, Upper

Tonkin, April 1912.

8. Merarius davidis Fairm. (1889)

Merarius davidis Fairmaire, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, p. 56 (1889) (Moupin).

1 ? from Chapa, Upper Tonkin, April 1912.

9. Straboscopus tessellatus Eyd. & Soul. (1839)

Stenocerus tessellatus Eydoux et Soulayet, Rev. Zool. p. 265 (1839) (Manila),

One small ? from Vientiane, Me-kong, May 1915.

This species and S, riehli Lac. (1866) resemble each other in colouring very

closely. In tessel/atus, however, the club of the antennae of both sexes is much

more compact, segments 10 and 11 not being narrowed to a point at the base, as is

the case in rzehli; moreover, the mesosternal process of Zessellatus is widened at

the apex and the midcoxae are correspondingly notched, whereas in riehli the

process is much more evenly rounded apically, and the midcoxae are without a

notch.

10. Xenocerus salamandrinus nov. sp.

3?. Brunneo-niger, subtilissime cinereo pubescens, supra et infra maculis

Juteo-ochraceis nigro marginatis ornatus, antennis pedibusque rufescentibus, illarum

segmentis 2°-5° (¢) vel 2°-6° (2) pilosis.

Hab. Hoa Binh, Tonkin, 1 d (type), received from Monsieur H. Donckier de

Donzeel; 1 ? collected by I. Vitalis de Salvaza at Kompong Toul, Cambodja.

A very distinct species, in the structure of the antenna allied to X. khasianus

Jord. (1895), X. andamanensis Jord. (1894), ete.

The tomentum of both the upper- and underside is so short that it does not

conceal the colour of the derm. The ochreous buff markings, most of which are

bordered with black, the others accompanied by a black spot, are distributed as

follows: On the upperside of the head two stripes, another, shorter stripe beneath

362 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916.

the antennal groove; on the pronotum a row of three spots on each side, a small

basal median spot and an indication of a spot at the apical margin in front of each

row of spots ; a spot occupying the scutellum ; on the elytra an ovate spot on the

suture before and a tranverse one behind the middle, an elongate basal spot above

the shoulder, a smaller some distance behind the shoulder, an antemedian spot in

fifth interspace, an irregular one laterally of the transverse sutural mark, but a

little farther forward, and a pair of spots before the apex of each elytrum ; on the

pygidium two stripes ; an interrupted lateral stripe on the prosternum, two con-

vergent stripes on the mesosternum and an interrupted apical transverse band on

each side of the metasternum ; a lateral row of spots on the abdomen; a spot on

the coxae and trocLanters and an apical one on the femora; tibiae and tarsi except

apices likewise pale ushraceous ; segments 7 and 8 of the antennae rufous, with pale

ochraceous pubescence.

The groove of the head in between the antennae is rather large. The third

segment of the antennae is short, 2, 4, 5 and 6 are compressed, and, like 3, bear a

coat of black hair.

11. Xylinades plagiatus Jord. (1895)

Xylinades plagiatus Jordan, Ent. Zeit. Stettin lvi. p. 257. no, 17 (1895) (Assam, ¢ 2).

Both sexes from : Vientiane, on the Mekong, May 1915; Toura Khom, Annam,

July 1915.

12. Xylinades aspericollis Jord. (1895)

Xylinades aspericollis Jordan, l.c., p. 258. no. 19 (1895) (Borneo).

1 2 from Toura Khom, Annam, July 1915. We also have a 2 from Than-Moi,

Tonkin, collected by H. Fruhstorfer during June—July. The species is known to

me from Java, Nias, Sumatra, Malay Peninsula, Penang, and Borneo.

13. Rawasia ritsemae Roel. (1880).

Rawasia ritsemae Roelofs, Notes Leyd. Mus. ii. p. 204 (1880) (Sumatra).

2 83 from Chapa, Upper Tonkin, April 1912, and Toura Khom, Annam,

July 1915.

The species is common in the Indo-Malayan countries.

14. Dendrotrogus angustipennis Jord. (1895).

Dendrotrogus angustipennis Jordan, Ent. Zeit. Stettin \vi. p. 191. no. 81 (1895) (Burma, ¢ 2).

Both sexes from Vientiane, on the Mekong, May 1915, and Kompong Kedey,

Cambodja, April—May 1914.

15. Eucorynus crassicornis Fabr. (1801).

Anthribus crassicornis Fabricius, Syst. Eleuth. 2. p. 407. no. 12 (1801) (Sumatra).

Numerous specimens of this widely distributed and common species from

Kompong Kedey, province of Kompong Thom, Cambodja, April—May 1914;

Kompong Toul, Cambodja, June 1913; Keng Trap, Annam, April 1915 ; Pak Lay,

June 1915; Vientiane, October 1914 and May 1915.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXIII. 1916. 363

16. Basitropis affinis Jord. (1903).

Basitropis affinis Jordan, Nov. Zool. x. p. 432. no. 52 (1903) (Andamans, Sumatra, Celebes, ¢ 2).

A pair from Kompong Toul, Cambodja, April—May 1914, and 1 3, 4 2 2 from

Vientiane, May 1915.

17. Basitropis nitidicutis Jekel (1855).

Basitropis nitidicutis Jekel, Ins. Saund. 1. p. 92. tab. 2. fig. 2, 2a (1855) (Java ; India).

1 2? from Lao Kay, Upper Tonkin, July 1913.

18. Basitropis persimilis spec. nov.

3%. B. nitidicuti Jekel (1855) simillima, sed antenna clava angustiore, pygidio

lanoso sine vitta brunnea mediana, tibiisque ante apicem immaculatis.

Hab. Vientiane, on the Mekong, May 1915 (type); Kompong Kedey, province

of Kompong Thom, Cambodja, April—May 1914, a series. In the Tring Museum

also from Malacca and Tenasserim. i

As in B. nitidieutis, the rostrum is at least twice as broad as it is long, and

bears a thin median carina, which is more or less irregular on account of the

coarse puncturation, and extends well on to the broad frons. The antenna likewise

resembles that of nitidieutis, the club consisting of four segments in the 3, the

preceding segments gradually decreasing in width; segment 8, however, is con-

siderably smaller than 9, resembling the latter much less than it does in mitidieutis.

The lateral carina of the prothorax is somewhat straighter if viewed from the side,

and the pygidium, on account of the longer woolly hair with which it is covered,

has the appearance of being more convex than in mitidieutis. In colour

persimilis differs from nitidicutis especially in the absence of a brown median

stripe or patch on the pygidium and of a brown subapical spot on the tibiae. The

luteous grey spots and patches on the pronotum and elytra are in most specimens

of persimilis smaller and better defined than in nitidieutis.

19. Phloeobius pallipes Jord. (1895).

Phloeobius pallipes Jordan, Ent. Zeit. Stettin lvi. p. 197. no. 90 (1895) (Perak ; Sumatra).

A small series containing both sexes, from Sambor, Cambodja, September

1912; Kompong Toul, Cambodja, June 1913; Vientiane, on the Mekong, June

1915; Chapa, via Lao Kay, Upper Tonkin, April 1912.

Novitates Zootocica. Vor XXII 1916. DR]

CALLAOPS PERIOPHTHALMICA Ogzlvie-Grant.

Hodges & Son. imp. Lon.

JPL UT,

Novitares Zoonocica. Vor. XXI 1916.

WING OF OWS WiEARVAS. OX

Hodges & Son. imp. Lon.

EXPLANATION

Taenaris dina insularis &

” ”

e meeki 3

”

OF PLATE Ill.

Morphotenaris schönbergi littoralis 3. = os

Dynastor napoleon larva

>) ”

Taenaris meeki ?

pupa

Wale sma a

. 302

305

. 307

309

. 309

. 305

208 q

eng ay

aoe .g

T08..g |

08 .q

QUE ty

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“FL aTard 10 MOMAMATTES

. S evoniuent nash ayensand

N: ge am ar i $ te ra gez

: : ea db Has aie

en & ears syrahhlaz asmsistodeiohh

. svisl seslognse rolennyl —

Meran £ I N, Rn

; : : $ an 9 sap zrnnank

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE, VOL. XXIII. 1916. Ar, Nf,

MENPES PRESS, WATFORD.

: \

7 A)

: ~

‘

Fr ERST ee

EXPLANATION OF PLATE

Morphopsis albertisi astrolabiensis & .

7 » miiner 2 - - -

er biakensis &

” ” ? > = z =,

Morphotenaris schönbergi wollastoni ? .

Stichophthalma sparta - - 5 its

Bais Ss Soe

(ss)

71 STAID FO MOITAHAITZE

{08 aq see en eee: mensidnlovien varadln sieqodopolt aL af

108 ee EN es 3 runlım ae en

Se en ee.

ee ee R

308g | | , E 3 x ne wotensloas Iansdnöhse ernanstolgteht 6

Oe Ne Sirgen us 5 nismug singen :

Pree

1916.

XXIII.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE, VOL.

MENPES PRESS, WATFORD.

Caligo ilioneus pampeiro larva

„

”

Opsiphanes flemmingi 3

EXPLANATION OF

prometheus epimetheus larva

oberthuri oberthuri larva .

cassiae lucullus pupa

batea batea pupa

cassiae lucullus larva

batea batea larva

Caligo brasiliensis brasiliensis larva

”

pupa

PLATE

.313

. 314

312

p. 311

p- 310

.sll

. 310

.313

. 313

MW APAIT VO VOITAAALTES

EN REN ae RR vn HTB rang ZNO 6 ONS)

am = ives ana\oariga ASSAIHAIOAG tg

wv tel sruskinsso sisliesdo er

3 ct ee - = & psiisuoh easmnsheriag

sung ass) suiaans ee

RS NOS aqig ssind vind

„rel alla sateen er

wenn er.) arıelasind gating fs

AU „level aansiliemed esgnasdiaad opiind

a ii - rg ea) ee

ey ee

i st

iS ce

Ar ee

Or:

us ee

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE, -VOL.

MENPES PRESS, WATFORD.

XXIII. 1916.

IPA.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE VL.

Morpho perseus richardus larva .

„ patroclus phokylides larva Be -

» perseus tphiclus larva

” ” ” pupa 7 er = a

Opsiphanes bogotanus bogotanus larva

” ” ” pupa = =

Brassolis sophorae sophorae larva

N astyra astyra larva - - = -

" sophorae sophorae pupa

Opsiphanes invirae remoliatus larva - - -

Dynastor darius darius pupa

Opsiphanes invirae remoliatus pupa = - -

Dynastor darius darius larva

. 316

. 311

. dL

314

315

314

311

310

. dll

. 310

“a

Asi nie

ane

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE, VoL. XXIII. 1916. 1240, WAL,

MENPES PRESS, WATFORD.

13.

15.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE VIL.

Head of Somabrachys aegrota, frontal aspect

” ” ” lateral ” - - - =

Ant. =antenna ; 8, =suture separating the frons (= clipeus) from the

epicranium ; C. = ridge in front of the interantennal suture ; P.c. = central

process ; P.o. = oral process.

Head of Somabrachys infuscata, frontal aspect

” ” ” lateral ” 5 Fe = ri

er 55 chretient, frontal ,

Frontal process of Somabrachys aegrota - == NET,

” ” „ ”

” ” ” ” = fr at a 7

” „ ” ”

» Scar of 5 infuscata - - - - -

„ ? „ bP)

” ” ” ” = F 7 = i

u: 3 3 chretieni

” ” ” ”

>) ” ” ”

sor

i og) Ge el SS fs! I

. 959

. 353

LLY: arad? 40 HOLTAHAIIEE

EN rat

oid sroqt (ausgilo = anort oft guidsıager tae St re doko

» Lesitieg = =o Sf; oma lenustanıoiui add to deoıt aL aybir = =); + aunkngroig,

EN 2 a exo = = 8;

: tooqes Isiaont ,

> ferstal. le

ce Jstaorl a

en)

DIVING

inystyahs

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE, VOL. XXIII. 1916. Pram Ville

EXPLANATION OF PLATE VII.

Forewing of Somabrachys aegrota, type-specimen

” ” infuscata ” ” = = =

” 0 aegrota

infuscata - - - - - -

fe 35 chretient :

Fore femur and tibia of Somabrachys aegrota - - - =

” ” ” ” inf? uscata

chretieni - = - =

” ” ” „

Apex of tenth abdominal tergite, anal view, of

aegrota 3 3

Apex of tenth abdominal tergite of Son ys aegrota 3,

dorsal aspect - - = - ae ee

Genitalia of Somabrachys aegrota 3

3 infuscata d- — - - - - =

X.t = tenth tergite ; An. = anus; Pen. = penis-sheath ; Cl. = clasper.

Genitalia of Somabrachys chretieni : : 3

poe of tenth tergite of Somabrachys ae aber - - -

ULV aes 10

2. “ a

.., MAOTQSS

~ pinoaw\ys

{ u RSG

- aänesn audandnseo? 3 40 eidit bus nel so

ESSEN

+ Ne

xP . RT LK a ; : RS sions

.d vrorgsn at to siigted Iauimobde diaat Io zugA

a Ieenob | '

ER = Kal, EB 2,

= 9; aladeraineg aed une = aa; eo Ast -

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE, VOL. XXIII. 1916.

iE NONE

NER

nn ge =

Tan a

RR je ER x ns ee

3 Br —— | 2

INT al .

atl ad eit

2 er

OHR

Advertisements of Zoological Objects and Zoological Books only accepted.

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eel Meee

a suhlaß Rdn, i A

u% ae Oy |

oe MUP

Vor. XXIII.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAL.

EDITED BY

LORD ROTHSCHILD, ERNST HARTERT, and KARL JORDAN.

CONTENTS OF NO. IV.

PAGES

INDEX TO VOLUME XXIII. . 2 : : 4 : ; : . 365—388

(TITLE-PAGE AND CONTENTS TO VOLUME XXIII.)

abbreviata (Negeta), 211.

ablataria (Pycnoneura), 151.

Abraxas, 75.

Abraxides, 69.

abscondita (Phrudocentra), 168.

acaciaria (Chogada), 55.

acamas (Spindasis), 287.

Acanthiza, 105.

Acherontia, 247.

Achlora, 154.

Acidalia, 16, 17, 49.

Acorynus, 359.

Actenochroma, 10.

Actitis, 114.

Actodromas, 92, 93.

acutangula (Pingasa), 193.

acuticornis (Anthribus), 359.

— (Phloeopemon), 359.

acutilunata (Strepsichlora), 208.

acutipennis (Thalassodes), 207.

Adesmobathra, 272.

adhaesiata (Psaliodes), 181.

adherbal (Somabrachys), 352, 353.

admiralitatis (Ophthalmis), 334.

— (Taenaris), 304.

adonis (Morpho), 317.

adriana (Taenaris), 303.

adustum (Macroglossum), 122.

Aegialitis, 112.

aegeota (Somabrachys), 351-358.

aegyptiaca (Columba), 82.

— (Streptopelia), 82.

aegyptiacus (Streptopelia), 81.

aegyptius (Charadrius), 112.

— (Pluvianus), 112,

Aemona, 300.

aemulina (Euchromia), 319.

Aeolochroma, 9, 10.

aeolotis (Horisme), 32.

aequalis (Agarista), 334.

— (Argyrolepidia), 334.

aequatorialis (Turtur), 82.

Aethia, 339, 340.

Aethya, 339.

affinis (Basitropis), 363.

INDEX

affirmata (Calocalpe), 180.

afra (Leucophlebia), 254, 255, 256.

agari (Phrudocentra), 167.

Agarista, 334.

Agathia, 11, 196-200.

Agophthora, 319.

Agoraea, 233.

agraphia (Lambula), 323.

agrata (Antitrygodes), 16.

agricola (Streptopelia), 80, 81.

aigion (Morphopsis), 302.

aignanensis (Hypodoxa), 194.

Aiteta, 221, 222.

Alauda, 292.

albertisi (Morphopsis), 300, 301, 302.

albescens (Heteralex), 2.

albiangularia (Agathia), 196.

albibasalis (Tolmera), 50.

albiclausa (Euplexia), 228.

albicollis (Caprimima), 327.

albicoma (Oospila), 171, 172.

albicoronata (Phrudocentra), 168.

albicosta (Aiteta), 222.

albicurvatura (Agathia), 197.

albidata (Chloropteryx), 172.

albiditata (Meticulodes), 189.

albidivisa (Rhopalista), 179.

albifimbria (Anisozyga), 203.

albifrons (Atyria), 174.

albifusaria (Aeolochroma), 9, 10.

— (Boarmia), 10.

albigena (Hydrocecropis), 288.

— (Sterna), 288.

albignesia (Aiteta), 222.

albijuncta (Opharus), 267.

albilinea (Temnora), 118.

albimixta (Tripteridia), 30.

albinervis (Somabrachys), 352, 357.

albipannosa (Hedyle), 155.

albipare (Pelochyta), 232.

albiplaga (Berta), 209.

— (Hyantis), 300.

albipunctulata (Dysphania), 10.

albisectus (Parasphex), 242.

albistria (Phellinodes), 156.

365

366

albiventer (Ocypterus), 96.

albociliaria (Racheospila), 159.

albolucens (Bihastina), 26.

albo-vittatus (Ocypterus), 108.

Alca, 339.

Alcedo, 96, 110.

Alcis, 52.

Aleyone, 110.

Aletis, 273.

Alex, 3, 4.

alexandra (Morpho), 318.

alexandrina (Aegialitis), 112.

alexandrowna (Morpho), 318.

algira (Eumenes), 242.

alienaria (Chogada), 55.

aliris (Thauria), 309.

Allantus, 241.

allectus (Mecocerus), 360.

Alloeopage, 200, 201.

allognota (Callipotnia), 3.

alloides (Dysphania), 195.

alpina (Erolia), 95, 113.

alternans (Eucera), 245.

— (Tetralonia), 245.

Amastus, 269, 270.

Amata, 288.

amata (Timandra), 17, 18, 19.

amathusia (Aemona), 300.

amaurus (Ilema), 325.

Amaxia, 265.

Amazona, 87.

ambigua (Paradromulia), 57.

Ammalo, 124-130, 148, 150.

Ammophila, 242.

amoenum (Macroglossum), 121.

amphitromera (Ectropis), 282.

ampla (Agathia), 198.

amplifascia (Thauria), 309.

amplificata (Pomasia), 26.

amplimargo (Celerena), 191.

Amplypterus, 253, 254.

Amsacta, 237, 333.

Anacerastes, 342, 349.

Anapalta, 36.

Anaphleps, 326.

Ancistroceros, 243.

Ancylochilus, 113.

ancylus (Polyptychus), 258, 259.

andamanensis (Xenocerus), 361.

andamanica (Pingasa), 194.

andicola (Protoparce), 251.

Andrena, 244, 245.

andrewesi (Apolecta), 342, 343, 345, 346.

andromeda (Craspedosis), 71.

anella (Taenaris), 305.

angulifera (Callipotnia), 3.

angustifascia (Aeolochroma), 10.

angustifrons (Coracina), 290, 291.

angustimargo (Paracrama), 222

angustipennis (Anaphleps), 326

— (Dendrotrogus), 362.

Anisodes, 20, 25.

Anisogonia, 188.

Anisoperas, 187, 188.

Anisozyga, 203.

anophthalma (Pareclipsis), 284.

anopsaria (Tetragonodes), 188.

Anthidium, 244, 246.

Anthophora, 245.

Anthribus, 359, 362.

Antitrygodes, 16.

antoplaga (Berta), 208.

aorsa (Opsiphanes), 310.

aper (Euryglottis), 252, 253.

apicalis (Likoma), 261.

apicata (Idiodes), 49.

— (Myrioblephara), 59.

apicebrunnea (Earias), 216, 217.

Apicia, 186.

apioleuca (Hyposidra), 209.

Apis, 245.

aplaga (Utriculifera), 327.

Aplochlora, 37.

Aplodes, 166, 167.

Apolecta, 342-349,

Apolectella, 349.

approximata (Careades), 227.

aptifimbria (Thalassodes), 206.

aquila (Fregata), 96, 97.

— (Tachypetes), 96.

arabica (Dasylabris), 241.

aravensis (Pingasa), 7.

arboreus (Carbo), 294.

— (Phalacrocorax), 293.

arbustorum (Eumenes), 242.

arcanaria (Somabrachys), 351, 352.

arcesilaus (Faunis), 299.

Archaeobalbis, 6, 7, 192, 193.

Arctia, 333.

Arenaria, 113, 291, 292.

arenaria (Calidris), 113.

argentata (Gabala), 212.

— (Stenomutilla), 241.

argentipuncta (Asthena), 25, 26.

argyrastrape (Sterrhochaeta), 34, 35.

Argyrolepidia, 334.

argyroplaga (Titulcia), 215.

argyrorrhytes (Asthena), 25.

Argyroscelia, 18.

argyrotis (Azatrephes), 230.

arisbe (Caligo), 314.

armatipes (Protoparce), 252.

aroensis (Eucharidema), 68.

arravaca (Ammalo), 126, 127, 129, 150.

Arrhostia, 17.

Arses, 335, 336.

Artamus, 96, 97, 100, 101, 108.

artemis (Taenaris), 304, 305, 306.

aruensis (Craspedosis), 71.

Arycanda, 72-74.

asmenus (Mecocerus), 361.

aspericolli (Apolecta), 343.

aspericollis (Apolecta), 345, 347.

— (Xylinades), 362.

aspersa (Heteralex), 2.

asphales (Anisoperas), 187.

assimilis (Oxychora), 208.

— (Polyptychus), 257.

asterias (Agathia), 197, 198, 199.

Asthena, 26.

Asthenia, 25, 26.

Asthenophleps, 76, 77.

astriga (Ilemodes), 240.

astrolabiensis (Morphopsis), 301, 302.

astutus (Burhinus), 93.

Astux, 97.

astyra (Brassolis), 315

Asura, 328-330.

asuroides (Scoliacma), 324.

Athetis, 287.

atra (Scolopax), 114.

atriceps (Lasius), 245.

atricrures (Amsacta), 237.

atrinervis (Somabrachys), 352.

atrofasciata (Ozola), 191.

atropunctaria (Anisoperas), 187.

atroviridata (Traminda), 278.

attenuata (Atyria), 174.

Atyria, 173-175.

Auophyllodes, 170.

auranticeps (Ozola), 191.

aurantifascia (Paralcis), 67.

aurata (Ammalo), 127-129, 150.

— (Hyposcota), 212.

aurativena (Psaliodes), 180.

aurea (Ceblephyris), 107.

— (Lalage), 107.

aureolaria (Pyctis), 17.

aureopuncta (Opharus), 268.

auricosta (Ptochophyle), 19.

aurifera (Anapalta), 36.

aurigutta (Craspedosis), 71.

aurita (Sypheotis), 337.

aurora (Ilema), 324.

— (Morpho), 316.

— (Ptochophyle), 20.

Australasia, 97, 111.

australiata (Gabala), 212, 213.

australis (Agathia), 200.

— (Eopsaltria), 106, 107.

— (Motacilla), 106.

— (Tringa), 113.

Automolis, 231, 266, 267.

aventiaria (Traminda), 278.

avicularia (Ornithospila), 201, 202.

Azatrephes, 230.

Azenia, 287.

azurea (Aleyone), 110.

bacoti (Omphax), 276.

bairdii (Erolia), 91.

baliensis (Faunis), 299.

bankensis (Faunis), 299.

barbara (Mutilla), 241.

Baritius, 267.

basichlora (Eupithecia), 34.

basicostalis (Rhodochlora), 158.

basipennis (Halesidota), 135.

Basitropis, 363.

batea (Opsiphanes), 310.

batuensis (Xanthotaenia), 300.

Belanopterus, 94.

bellicosum (Anthidium), 244.

bengalensis (Alcedo), 96.

beon (Isochromodes), 187.

berecynthia (Opsiphanes), 311, 312.

berenice (Nacaduba), 139.

bergei (Sterna), 288.

Berta, 208,2209.

beryllina (Alcedo), 110.

biakensis (Morphopsis), 301, 302.

biangulifera (Ergavia), 155.

biarcuata (Ramadasa), 210.

Biclavigera, 281.

bieolor (Petroica), 105.

bicubitata (Eupithecia), 183.

bidens (Scolia), 241.

bifalsaria (Scopula), 17.

bifasciata (Siosta), 190.

biglumis (Polistes), 242.

Bihastina, 26, 27.

bilinea (Homophlebia), 218.

bilineola (Celama), 321.

bimaculata (Cholomiza), 49.

bioculatus (Taenaris), 303.

bipartita (Andrena), 245.

— (Asura), 330.

bipunctata (Ilema), 324.

— (Lithosia), 324.

— (Ornithospila), 201, 202.

biru (Alcedo), 110.

bisae (Taenaris), 302.

biskrensis (Andrena), 244.

bismarcki (Ophthalmis), 334.

blanda (Pingasa), 193.

— (Pseudoterpna), 193.

blasii (Munia), 96.

Boarmia, 10, 52, 55, 57.

bogotanus (Opsiphanes), 311.

boisduvali (Theretra), 263.

boliviana (Brassolis), 315.

368

bollii (Columba), 85, 86.

Bombus, 245.

Bordeta, 70, 71.

borealis (Numenius), 114.

boysii (Certhilauda), 292.

Bracca, 274.

brachypus (Sterna), 296.

brasiliensis (Caligo), 313.

Brassolis, 309, 314, 315.

Bremus, 245.

brephietla (Pristarthria), 288.

breta (Psilaleis), 283.

brevicellula (Ziridava), 29.

brevipennis (Clavelia), 242.

— (Earias), 216.

brevipes (Heteractitis), 95.

brevirostris (Numenius), 114.

brumosa (Isochromodes), 187.

brunnea (Larvivora), 298.

— (Scoliacma), 323.

brunneata (Horisme), 33.

brunneicosta (Derambila), 3.

brunneotacta (Arycanda), 74.

brunnescens (Myrioblephara), 60.

brunnicephalus (Larus), 296.

buceroides (Philedon), 101

buceroides (Philemon), 101, 102.

buchholzi (Poliana), 248.

buenavistae (Opsiphanes), 312.

bugaba (Morpho), 317.

Burgena, 334.

Burhinus, 93.

Bursada, 69, 70.

bursadoides (Bordeta), 70.

Bursadopsis, 70.

buruensis (Dysphania), 10.

busiris (Xanthotaenia), 300.

Buteo, 95.

buvryi (Columba), 86.

— (Torcaza), 86.

Cacyparis, 212.

caelisigna (Sangala), 189, 190.

caeruleosecta (Hammaptera), 175.

caerulescens (Darantasia), 326.

caesia (Caligo), 313.

calcareus (Polyptychus), 258.

ealcularia (Orthostixis), 209.

calexaria (Leptoctenopsis), 153.

Calidris, 113.

calidris (Totanus), 114.

Caligo, 309, 312, 313, 314.

Callaeops, 335, 336.

callichlora (Tyana), 215.

Calligenia, 329.

Callipotnia, 3.

Callosphingia, 247.

callusia (Deilephila), 120.

Calocalpe, 180.

Calothysanis, 17.

calva (Carea), 225.

camadeva (Stichophthalma), 308.

camadevoides (Stichophthalma), 308.

cambayensis (Columba), 82, 83.

— (Streptopelia), 81-83.

— (Turtur), 81.

cambodia (Stichophthalma), 308.

cambogiodes (Chrysocraspeda), 24.

cameronensis (Taenaris), 303.

Camptozada, 218.

cana (Celerena), 5, 192.

canaliculatus (Lionotus), 243.

— (Odynerus), 243.

canariensis (Columba), 84.

' candidata (Eupithecia), 183.

candidissima (Derambila), 2.

caneus (Faunis), 299.

canisquama (Isochromodes), 187.

canonica (Eupithecia), 184.

cantianus (Charadrius), 112.

canutus (Tringa), 113.

capistratus (Trichoglossus), 97.

caprata (Pratincola), 98.

— (Saxicola), 98.

Caprimima, 327.

Carbo, 293, 294.

carbonaria (Elis), 241.

carbo (Pelecanus), 293.

— (Phalacrocorax), 293, 294, 295.

Carcinarctia, 239.

cardui (Pyrameis), 287.

Carea, 222-225.

Careades, 226, 227.

carissima (Agathia), 198.

carmen (Racheospila), 161, 162.

carnea (Microgonia), 188.

carneola (Rhodogastria), 239.

Carpophaga, 97.

Cartaletis, 273, 274.

Casama, 287.

cascaria (Phellinodes), 156.

cassiae (Opsiphanes), 311.

cassidata (Pterogonia), 220.

casta (Craspedosis), 71, 72.

castaneata (Parerastria), 217.

castasticta (Robinsonia), 230.

Cataclysme, 37.

catharinae (Automolis), 267.

catops (Taenaris), 303.

cayennensis (Belanopterus), 94.

Ceblepyris, 99, 107.

cecilia (Racheospila), 161.

Celama, 320-322.

celebensis (Artamus), 96.

Celerena, 4, 6, 191, 192.

369

Celerio, 287. chrysorrhos (Eopsaltria), 107.

Ceramius, 243. cincta (Ornithospila), 201.

cerasina (Xanthorhoé), 36. cinerascens (Drymophila), 297.

Ceratina, 244. — (Monarcha), 297.

Ceridia, 261. cinerea (Alloeopage), 200.

Certhilauda, 292. — (Poliolimnas), 104.

Certhionyx, 97, 108. — (Pyenoneura), 151, 152.

cervina (Carea), 223. — (Temnora), 119.

—(Mauritia), 218. — (Tringa), 113.

Ceryx, 319. cinereofusca (Temnora), 118.

cervinalis (Calocalpe), 180. cinerescens (Mniocera), 72.

Ceyx, 97, 110. cinereus (Artamus), 100, 101.

chaea (Sterrhochaeta), 34. — (Lobipes), 114.

Chaetolopha, 34. — (Ocypterus), 96, 100.

Chalcophaps, 96. Cinnyris, 96, 97, 108, 109.

Chalicodoma, 244, 245. circe (Dovania), 247.

chalybea (Didigua), 221. eircumflexaria (Ornithospila), 201.

Chamaita, 332. circumfumata (Anapalta), 36.

Charadrius, 95, 112. circumsignata (Oospila), 171.

Charaxes, 309. cirphoides (Halisidota), 271.

charondos (Taenaris), 303. eitrina (Heterolocha), 38.

Chaudica, 214. citrinopunctata (Asura), 328.

chendoola (Alauda), 292. clarki (Protoparce), 248, 249, 250.

— (Galerida), 292. clathrata (Chiasmia), 46.

Chesias, 30. claudicula (Cyllopoda), 173, 174.

Chiasmia, 45-47. Clavelia, 242.

Chilena, 287. Cleora, 51-54.

chinensis (Coturnix), 96. Clethara, 218.

— (Perdix), 96. Climacteris, 107.

— (Streptopelia), 83. Clorysis, 241.

— (Turtur), 83. clotho (Theretra), 263.

Chionaema, 327, 328. enecobathra (Myrioblephara), 61.

Chionomera, 214, 215. coccina (Sychesia), 144, 145, 146, 148.

Chlaenogramma, 252. cockayni (Cleora), 53.

chlora (Pingasa), 7, 193. codete (Somabrachys), 350, 351, 352, 354.

Chloractis, 173. codina (Agathia), 200.

chlorochromodes (Hercoloxia), 12. Coelonia, 247.

Chloroclystis, 279. coenobiata (Achlora), 154.

Chloroglyphica, 12. coerulea (Oospila), 171.

chlorolepidota (Eulelipsitta), 111. coerulescens (Alcedo), 110.

chlorolepidotus (Psittacus), 111. coetulata (Eupithecia), 183, 184.

Chloromachia, 204. Colias, 287.

chlorophora (Eupithecia), 34. collaris (Eucera), 245.

Chloroplaga, 217. Colletes, 243.

Chloropteryx, 172. collineata (Careades), 226.

chlorostigma (Dabareta), 220. Collocalia, 96, 104.

chobauti (Colletes), 243. colombiana (Opharus), 268.

Chogada, 54, 55. — (Opsiphanes), 310.

Cholomiza, 48, 49. colombicola (Opsiphanes), 310.

chretieni (Somabrachys), 351, 352, 355-358. colorata (Sabaria), 48.

chromataria (Fascellina), 47, 48. colorifera (Cleora), 53.

chromatina (Drepanogynis), 280. Columba, 78, 80, 82, 83-88, 94, 96, 110, 341.

Chrysis, 241. columbina (Westermannia), 220.

chrysochlora (Euplexia), 228. Comibaena, 12, 13, 16, 205, 275, 276.

Chrysochloroma, 205. commatica (Macrotes), 154.

Chrysocraspeda, 20-24. commixta (Carea), 225.

chrysolineata (Berta), 208. communis (Rhodogastra), 333.

chrysopyga (Nomada), 244. comorana (Pseudoclanis), 254.

370

compectinata (Chogada), 54.

comprensata (Nadagara), 45.

condensata (Phrudocentra), 168.

conferenda (Boarmia), 55.

confinis (Carea), 222.

congruata (Racheospila), 166.

connexa (Celerena), 5.

connotata (Macaria), 47.

Conolophia, 4.

consimilis (Carea), 225.

— (Polyptychus), 258, 259.

consortaria (Boarmia), 55.

conspersa (Racheospila), 164.

— (Scoliacma), 332.

contaminata (Phrudocentra), 167.

contigua (Lambula), 323.

continua (Nyceryx), 117, 118.

continuaria (Alex), 4.

contractimargo (Aletis), 273.

contradicta (Myrioblephara), 61.

convectaria (Timandra), 19.

convergens (Dolichoneura), 151.

— (Taenaris), 306, 307.

coorgensis (Pericallia), 238.

copha (Abraxas), 75.

Coracias, 108.

Coracina, 289, 290, 291.

cordovaria (Macrotes), 155.

corensis (Columba), 86, 88, 341.

Coriphilus, 94,

cormoranus (Carbo), 293.

coromanda (Glareola), 91.

correspondens (Eugnesia), 42.

— (Timandra), 19.

Cortyta,.228, 229.

Corula, 322.

coryndoni (Polyptychus), 260.

coscoja (Phellinodes), 156, 157.

cosmeta (Racheospila), 162, 163.

cosmetocraspeda (Pyrrhorachis), 16.

costilunata (Phellinodes), 156.

costiplaga (Carea), 224.

Cosymbia, 20.

Coturnix, 96.

covensis (Columba), 341.

Craspedia, 17.

craspediata (Problepsis), 17.

Craspedosis, 71, 72.

crassicornis (Anthribus), 362.

— (Kucorynus), 362.

crassirostris (Larus), 95.

eratera (Nyceryx), 117, 118.

crenaria (Pingasa), 193.

crenata (Likoma), 261.

crenatus (Lionotus), 242.

— (Odynerus), 242, 243.

creusa (Euchromia), 320,

cribraria (Orthostixis), 209.

cristata (Archaeobalbis), 6.

— (Galerida), 292.

cristatella (Alca), 339.

cristicostata (Celama), 321.

crocaria (Hammaptera), 177.

croceus (Colias), 287,

erokeri (Rhodogastra), 333.

Crossophthalmus, 341.

cruoraria (Ptochophyle), 19.

crux (Apolecta), 345, 346, 347.

erypsipyrrha (Megaloba), 27.

ctenogyna (Pseudomiza), 48.

Ctimene, 69, 70.

eucullata (Melanodryas), 105.

— (Muscicapa), 105.

— (Petroica), 105.

Cucullia, 287.

Cuculus, 110.

cucurbitina (Ceratina), 244.

cumulata (Eugnesia), 42.

cuneata ((eopelia), 97, 111.

cuprinaria (Achlora), 154.

cuprizona (Padenodes), 325.

curtisi (Carea), 223.

curvifascia (Eupagia), 281.

curvilinea (Cleora), 52.

cyanauges (Craspedosis), 72.

cyanea (Ceyx), 97, 110.

cyaneres (Sangala), 189, 190.

cyanescens (Xeocephus), 336.

cyanoleuca (Myiagra), 106.

cyanoleucus (Platyrhynchos), 106.

cyanoptera (Loxia), 108.

cyanopterus (Artamus), 108.

cyanopus (Numenius), 114.

Cyanornis, 97.

cyclodaria (Meticulodes), 189.

eylindricus (Mecocerus), 360.

— (Mecotropis), 360.

Cyllopoda, 173, 174, 175.

Cymatida, 17.

Cyme, 329.

Cyornis, 96, 97.

eypris (Morpho), 317.

Dabareta, 220.

dactylatra (Sula), 97, 104.

damacensis (Actodromas), 92.

— (Limonites), 92, 113.

— (Pisobia), 92.

— (Totanus), 92, 93.

— (Tringa), 113.

Damias, 334.

dampierensis (Asura), 329.

— (Chionaema), 327.

— (Lambula), 332.

dantiei (Odynerus), 242.

Darantasia, 326.

dariensis (Amplypterus), 253.

darius (Dynastor), 310.

Dasylabris, 241.

Dasyophthalma, 309.

davidis (Merarius), 361.

debilis (Amastus), 270.

Debos, 272.

decaocto (Streptopelia), 80.

decemmaculata (Diacrisia), 271.

deformis (Paralcis), 64.

decolorata (Eugnesia), 41.

degener (Racheospila), 163.

Deilephila, 120.

deminutiva (Aiteta), 221.

Dendrotrogus, 362.

densus (Dicrurus), 97.

dentatus (Polyptychus), 116.

dentifera (Derambila), 2, 3.

dentilinea (Oxychora), 208.

dependens (Racheospila), 166.

depressipennis (Apolecta), 346, 348.

Derambila, 2, 3.

desertalis (Noctuelia), 288.

deserticola (Phytometras), 287.

Desmobalhridae, 272.

deterior (Biclavigera), 281.

determinata (Eupagia), 281.

dexippus (Hippotion), 262.

Diacrisia, 234-236, 271, 333.

diadema (Taenaris), 302.

diana (Taenaris), 302.

diaphana (Racheospila), 166.

diarita (Racheospila), 161, 162.

Dicaeum, 96, 97, 103.

Dichorda, 169.

dichroa (Atyria), 174.

dichroides (Atyria), 173.

Dichromodes, 1.

dichromus (Stenoscaptia), 326.

Dicrourus, 97.

Dicrurus, 97.

Didigua, 221.

diffissa (Protoparce), 252.

digitatus (Polyptychus), 257.

Digonis, 188.

dilata (Racheospila), 164.

dilatans (Sterrhochaeta), 34.

diluta (Automolis), 267.

— (Carea), 224.

dimidiata (Sychesia), 142, 143, 146, 148.

dimidiatipennis (Eumenes), 242.

dimona (Taenaris), 303.

dina (Taenaris), 302, 303.

dinava (Chionaema), 327.

dioptrica (Taenaris), 304.

dioxypages (Hemerophila), 56.

diphora (Ergavia), 155.

diplochorda (Agathia), 11.

dirhabdus (Asura), 330.

discisema (Opharus), 233.

discophora (Neritos), 231.

discrepans (Scopula), 18.

dispar (Cortyta), 229.

dispensata (Pingasa), 193.

dissimilis (Strepsichlora), 208.

dissocia (Careades), 226.

dissoluta (Ramadasa), 211.

distanticlara (Myrioblephara), 62.

distributa (Agathia), 197.

diversa (Apolecta), 346, 348.

diversata (Diacrisia), 234.

diversilinea (Agathia), 198.

dives (Parapsammophila), 242.

divisaria (Antitrygodes), 16.

divisa (Roeselia), 264.

— (Spindasis), 287.

diyllus (Hippotion), 262.

— (Pergesa), 262.

dochmioscia (Paralcis), 66.

dognini (Roeselia), 264.

dohertyi (Deilephila), 120.

dolens (Anisoperas), 187.

Dolichoneura, 151, 152.

dolosa (Microligia), 280.

donysa (Amplypterus), 253, 254.

Dooabia, 201.

doris (Achlora), 154.

dorsalis (Ilema), 324.

dorsalis (Lithosia), 324.

dorsicineta (Pelochyta), 232.

dorsilinea (Thalassodes), 14.

dorsipunctata (Thalassodes), 206.

Dosithea, 17.

douraca (Streptopelia), 79, 80.

— (Turtur), 78.

Dovania, 247.

draconis (Polyptychus), 115.

drepanephora (Plutodes), 37.

Drepanogynis, 280.

dryas (Elysius), 130, 148.

— (Sychesia), 130, 131-150.

Drymophila, 106, 297.

dulcisona (Microgonia), 188.

dulcissima (Paracrama), 222.

durania (Enispe), 315.

Dynastor, 309, 310.

Dyscheraleis, 57, 58.

Dyscia, 280.

dysgenes (Gelasma), 13.

Dysphania, 10, 11, 194-196.

Earias, 216, 217.

eccentrica (Phrudocentra), 168.

Ecpantheria, 238.

372

ecstatica (Tolmera), 51.

Ectropis, 282, 283.

ecuadorata (Racheolopha), 170, 172.

edelsteni (Epirrhoé), 278.

eduardi (Tachysphex), 242.

educta (Burgena), 334.

— (Damias), 334.

effata (Thalassodes), 207.

efila (Derambila), 2.

ekeikei (Ilema), 325.

elaeoptera (Hammaptera), 177.

electo (Colias), 287.

elegans (Caprimima), 327.

— (Coracina), 289, 290, 291.

— (Ulioenemis), 204.

Elis, 241.

elissa (Automolis), 266.

elongata (Tyana), 215.

elophus (Ilema), 324.

elutriata (Pingasa), 193.

Elysius, 130, 148.

Emberiza, 336.

emberizata (Hammaptera), 178, 179.

emiliaria (Hypodoxa), 8, 194.

Emmiltis, 17.

endentata (Leucophlebia), 254, 255.

endognoma (Rhodochlora), 157.

enganensis (Apolecta), 345, 346.

Enispe, 315.

Ennada, 188,

Enpinanga; 120.

Eopsaltria, 106, 107.

eos (Ptochophyle), 20.

Epicerastes, 349.

Epidesma, 2.

epimetheus (Caligo), 313.

Epipristis, 193.

Epirrhoé, 278.

episcopalis (Clorysis), 241.

— (Pterogonia), 220.

Epistor, 118.

equina (Westermannia), 220.

erato (Temnora), 262.

Eremocossus, 288.

Ergavia, 155.

erici (Aletis), 273.

Eriomastyx, 331, 332.

ermanni (Streptopelia), 83.

— (Turtur), 83.

Erolia, 91-93, 95, 113.

Eromena, 288.

eromena (Agathia), 198.

Erosina, 189.

errabunda (Paraleidia), 76.

erubescens (Sychesia), 138, 139, 144, 145, 148.

Eryphanis, 309.

erythropus (Tringa), 114.

esculenta (Collocalia), 96.

esculenta (Hirundo), 96.

Estigmene, 237, 271.

euanthes (Eucharidema), 67, 68.

Eucera, 245.

Eucharidema, 67-69.

Euchloé, 287.

Euchromia, 319, 320.

eucnemis (Celerena), 4, 5.

Eucorynus, 362.

eucosmeta (Aplochlora), 37.

eucrines (Eueana), 172.

Eucrostes, 15.

eucrostes (Metallothea), 15.

Euctenachlora, 154.

euctenachlora (Achlora), 154.

Euctenostega, 38, 39.

Eucymatoge, 32, 182.

eudicheres (Archaeobalbis), 192.

Eueana, 172.

eugenia (Morpho), 317.

Eugigas, 359.

Eugnesia, 41, 42.

Eugoa, 330.

Eumenes, 242.

Eupagia, 281.

euphiles (Cleora), 54.

Eupithecia, 30, 33, 34, 182-185.

Euplexia, 228.

euri (Alloeopage), 200, 201.

Eurychoria, 39-41.

Euryglottis, 252, 253.

eurylochus (Caligo), 312, 313.

Eurynola, 322,

Eusemia, 334.

eusemozona (Prosthetopteryx), 30.

Eutelipsitta, 111.

euthymius (Enispe), 315.

eutmeta (Chrysocraspeda), 21.

evitans (Celerena), 5.

exacta (Celerena), 5.

Excalfactoria, 96.

excisus (Opsiphanes), 312.

excelsa (Zeuxidia), 308.

exclamationis (Hippotion), 262.

excubitor (Dysphania), 195, 196.

excultus (Opsiphanes), 312.

exesa (Lasionotella), 219.

exigua (Laphigma), 287.

eximia (Nyceryx), 116, 117.

— (Rhodinocichla), 229.

exocha (Dichromodes), 1.

extensa (Darantasia), 326.

extrema (Paralcis), 65.

extremaria (Timandra), 18.

exuberans (Tolmera), 49.

faleata (Tyana), 215.

falcinellus (Limicola), 114.

faleinellus (Scolopax), 114.

falloui (Euchloé), 287.

faro (Macroglossum), 122.

Fascellina, 47, 48.

fasciata (Apolecta), 346, 348.

— (Celama), 320.

— (Chamaita), 332.

— (Chogada), 54.

— (Minnagara), 320.

— (Sauris), 27.

fasciolata (Cortyta), 229.

fastidiosus (Lionotus), 243.

— (Odynerus), 243.

Faunis, 299, 300.

felix (Trochistis), 41.

fenestrata (Cleora), 52.

ferax (Poliana), 247, 248.

fergussonia (Taenaris), 306.

ferrago (Streptopelia), 80, 81.

ferreobrunnea (Hemihyalea), 269.

ferruginea (Erolia), 113.

filipalpis (Odynerus), 243.

fimbria (Sychesia), 131.

flammans (Automolis), 266.

flammeum (Dicaeum), 103.

flava (Carea), 223.

flavaria (Microgonia), 188.

flavata (Helerostegane), 286.

flavescens (Motacilla), 109.

flavicans (Melithreptus), 102.

— (Stigmatops), 102.

flavicollis (Ptilinopus), 96.

flavicoma (Tachychlora), 167.

flavicorpus (Dysphania), 194.

flavicosta (Gabala), 214.

flavifrons (Scoliacma), 323, 324.

flavifurea (Virbia), 234.

flavimacula (Chrysocraspeda), 20.

flavimargo (Gabala), 213.

flavimedia (Heteroctenis), 25.

flavipuncta (Ptochophyle), 24.

flavirupta (Eurychoria), 40.

— (Oenoptila), 40.

flavisparsa (Chrysocraspeda), 23.

flavissima (Anisodes), 25.

flavithorax (Craspedosis), 71.

flavofasciata (Eriomastyx), 331.

flavomarginata (Celama), 321.

flemmingi (Opsiphanes), 311.

flexilinea (Chaetolopha), 34.

— (Myrioblephara), 59.

florenciae (Artamus), 101.

floresiana (Alcedo), 96.

fluviatilis (Sterna), 296.

foliacea (Macaduma), 325.

fonscolombei (Ceramius), 243.

fosteri (Hammaptera), 178.

foveata (Dolichoneura), 151.

373

fractura (Eucharidema), 69.

fraus (Somatina), 276.

Fregata, 26, 97.

Fringilla, 97.

fringilla (Macroglossum), 121.

frontalis (Apolectella), 349.

fruhstorferi (Stichophthalma), 308.

fruticola (Saxicola), 98, 99.

fucata (Apolecta), 346, 348.

fuciphaga (Collocalia), 104.

fulgens (Caligo), 314.

fulgurata (Chaetolopha), 34.

— (Sterrhochaeta), 34, 35.

fuliginosa (Hyantis), 300.

fülleborni (Glareola), 89, 90.

fulminans (Automolis), 266.

fulva (Careades), 226.

fulvata (Geometra), 285.

— (Phalaena), 285.

fulvescens (Melinoéssa), 285, 286.

fulviradiata (Arycanda), 74.

fulvisecta (Paralcis), 65.

fulvitineta (Ectropis), 283.

fulvus (Charadrius), 95.

fumipennis (Pompilus), 242.

— (Ramadasa), 210.

fumosa (Opsiphanes), 310.

— (Somabrachys), 352, 357.

fumosus (Polyptychus), 260, 261.

funebris (Andrena), 244.

furcata (Apolecta), 342.

Furnarius, 229.

furtiva (Agathia), 198.

fusca (Glareola), 89, 90.

— (Tringa), 89.

fuscescens (Hydrocorax), 111.

— (Phalacrocorax), 111.

fuscifimbria (Gelasma), 13.

fuscimargo (Hemistola), 16.

fuscivena (Rhodogastria), 240.

fuscus (Totanus), 114.

Gabala, 212-214.

gaddi (Columba), 84.

Galachrysia, 89.

galactina (Derambila), 3.

Galactochrysea, 89.

galba (Caligo), 313.

Galerida, 292.

gallicus (Polistes), 242.

gallinacea (Irediparra), 96.

gallinaceus (Vanellus), 96.

gamma (Phytometras), 287.

Garudinodes, 325.

gazapina (Rhopalista), 179.

Gelasma, 13, 205, 206.

gelastes (Larus), 296.

374

Gelastocera, 218.

Gelochelidon, 296.

gemina (Apolecta), 544, 345, 346, 347. „

geminae (Apolecta), 345.

geminipuncta (Diacrisia), 235.

genei (Larus), 296.

Geocichla, 97.

Geometra, 285.

Geopelia, 97, 111.

georgica (Tringa), 113.

germanica (Diacrisia), 333.

— (Vespa), 242.

gibbus (Sphecodes), 244.

gigantea (Eurynola), 322.

gigas (Paraleis), 65.

giriva (Opsiphanes), 311.

glacialis (Carbo), 294.

Glareola, 89-91.

glauca (Traminda), 278.

glaucaria (Gelasma), 13, 205.

glaucifulgurea (Fascellina), 47.

glaucilinea (Oenospila), 208.

glaucochrista (Chloroglyphica), 12.

— (Hipparchus), 12.

Glaucopis, 320.

glaucopis (Nomada), 244.

glaucus (Larus), 296.

gloriosa (Dysphania), 194.

Glottis, 114.

glottis (Scolopax), 114.

Gnamptoloma, 278.

godarti (Morpho), 318.

godfreyi (Stichophthalma), 308.

gordoni (Philemon), 102.

gorgon (Epistor), 118.

gorgo (Eucharidema), 69.

— (Taenaris), 303.

gorgophone (Taenaris), 303.

gouldi (Phalacrocorax), ‘WI.

gracilis (Cartaletis), 274.

— (Pingasa), 7, 193.

gracillima (Apolecta), 344, 347.

gradaria (Columba), 85.

grammonota (Thalassodes), 14.

granadensis (Brassolis), 315.

grandidieri (Pseudoclanis), 254.

graphica (Sauris), 27.

Graphosia, 322.

Graucalus, 289.

gravipes (Henocentris), 18.

grayi (Polyptychus), 257.

grisea (Arenaria), 113.

— (Sterna), 296.

— (Temnora), 119.

griseata (Temnora), 119, 120.

griseicapilla (Muscicapa), 106, 107.

griseogularis (Eopsaltria), 107.

griseola (Graphosia), 322.

griseoviridis (Gelasma), 206.

grisescens (Scopula), 17.

— (Ozola), 191.

griseus (Totanus), 114.

grumata (Hammaptera), 176.

gularis (Eopsaltria). 107.

— (Musieicapa), 107.

guttifera (Apolecta), 345, 348.

guttiventris (Buryglottis), 252, 253.

guttulosa (Ceryx), 319.

— (Syntomis), 319.

gutturalis ((Enanthe), 98.

— (Oreicola), 98.

— (Saxicola), 98.

— (Sylvia), 98.

gymnocyclus (Columba), 84.

gymnophthalma (Columba), 86, 88, 341.

gymnophthalmos (Crossophthalmus), 341.

haematopus (Trichoglossus), 97.

hainanensis (Agathia), 199.

Halictus, 243.

Halesidota, 135, 270, 271.

Hammaptera, 175-179.

hannibal (Dynastor), 310.

harmandi (Eugigas), 359.

— (Meganthribus), 359.

Harpactopus, 242.

Hastina, 26, 27.

hedia (Agathia), 196.

Hedyle, 155, 156.

heleita (Aletis), 273.

helenetta (Dysphania), 10.

heliconiaria (Hedyle), 155, 156.

Heliocopage, 200.

helops (Ammalo), 130.

helonanensis (Andrena), 245.

helvolus (Teracolus), 287.

Hemerophila, 56, 282.

Hemihyalea, 269.

Hemistola, 15, 16.

Hemithea, 173, 206.

hemitheoides (Gelasma), 206.

hemizona (Eurynola), 322.

— (Roeselia), 322.

Hercoloxia, 12, 13.

Herse, 247.

hesperus (Polyptychus), 260, 261.

Heteractitis, 95.

Heteralex, 2.

Heteroctenis, 24, 25.

Heterolocha, 38.

Heteromiza, 48.

Heterophleps, 27.

heteroptila (Hammaptera), 177.

Heterostegane, 286.

heydeni (Ammophila), 242.

heydeni (Sphex), 242.

hiaticula (Aegialitis), 112.

hiempsal (Somabrachys), 352.

hilanis (Opsiphanes), 310.

hilarata (Agathia), 199, 200.

hilaria (Cacyparis), 212.

hilaris (Gabala), 213.

Himantopus, 112.

himantopus (Himantopus), 112.

Hipparchus, 12.

Hippotion, 262.

hirata (Faunis), 299.

hirsuta (Psammophila), 242.

hirundinalis (Helicopage), 200.

Hirundo, 89, 96, 103.

hispana (Eucera), 245.

hodeva (Hyantis), 300.

holli (Somabrachys), 352.

holochroa (Pingasa), 275.

— (Progonodes), 170.

Homophlebia, 218.

honrathi (Taenaris), 304.

hoplogaster (Cleora), 51.

Hoplopus, 242.

hora (Sychesia), 135, 136, 138.

Horisme, 31, 32, 33, 182.

hormiga (Eucymatoge), 182.

— (Eupithecia), 182.

horsfieldii (Limosa), 114.

hortorum (Bombus), 245.

— (Bremus), 245.

hospita (Chogada), 55.

howqua (Stichophthalma), 307.

hyacinthina (Cyanornis), 97.

— (Cyornis), 96, 97.

— (Museicapa), 96, 97.

hyalipennis (Sphex), 242.

hyalospila (Pisara), 320.

Hyantis, 300.

hydatodes (Phrudocentra), 173.

Hydrocecropis, 288.

Hydrochelidon, 296.

Hydrocorax, 111.

Hylaeus, 243.

Hyloicus, 253.

Hylophilodes, 222.

Hymenoptera, 241.

hypactinia (Macaria), 283.

Hypaenistis, 219.

hyperboreus (Phalaropus), 114.

hyperedys (Dysphania), 11.

Hyperthaema, 232.

Hyphedyle, 157.

Hyphenophora, 285.

hypochrysa (Rhopalista), 179.

hypocrites (Thalassodes), 207.

Hypodoxa, 8, 194.

hypolenca (Coracina), 290, 291.

hypolencus (Artamus), 101.

— (Graucalus), 289.

— (Tringoides), 114.

hypopolius (Lambula), 323.

— (Philenora), 330.

Hyposcota, 212.

Hyposidra, 209.

hypoxantha (Pingasa), 275.

hypsicyma (Euctenostega), 38, 39.

hysginospila (Ctimene), 70.

Ibidorhyncha, 112.

Ibidorhynchus, 112.

ida (Taenaris), 304.

Idiodes, 49.

Idomineus (Caligo), 314.

idonea (Omphax), 276.

ignita (Chrysis), 241.

llema, 324, 325.

Ilemodes, 240.

Ilione (Sangalopsis), 190.

ilioneus (Caligo), 312.

Illice, 264.

illustris (Horisme), 31.

imitaria (Calothysanis), 17.

immemor (Didigua), 221.

Immetalia, 334.

impar (Agathia), 196.

impectinata (Spectrobasis), 35.

imperatrix (Dysphania), 195.

impervia (Lithosia), 324.

— (Nishada), 324.

impura (Orthostixis), 209.

imula (Racheolopha), 169.

incarnata (Hammaptera), 175.

incerta (Pareclipsis), 284, 285.

incisa (Protoparce), 250, 251.

incolumis (Opsiphanes), 311.

incondita (Drepanogynis), 280.

inconspicua (Petelia), 41.

indecora (Racheospila), 166.

independens (Racheospila), 166.

indicus (Oedicnemus), 93.

indochinensis (Mecocerus), 360.

indopurpurea (Heteroctenis), 24.

inepta (Calocalpe), 180.

infantilis (Tripteridia), 30.

infixaria (Boarmia), 55.

informiplaga (Chrysocraspeda), 23.

infundibulata (Carea), 225.

infuscata (Somabrachys), 351, 352

ingens (Coracina), 290.

inhabilis (Calocalpe), 180.

injunctaria (Achlora), 154.

innuba (Anisozyga), 203.

inornata (Muscicapa), 297.

inornatus (Monarcha), 297.

, 396-358.

376

insipida (Macroglossum), 121.

insulanus (Caligo), 312, 313.

insularia (Hemithea), 206.

insularis (Ornithospila), 201.

— (Taenaris), 302.

— (Theretra), 263.

insulata (Ammalo), 124-130, 148, 150.

intacta (Maenas), 234.

integranota (Comibaena), 205.

intensa (Euchromia), 319.

interfaunus (Taenaris), 306, 307.

intermedia (Columba), 84.

— (Enispe), 315.

— (Thauria), 309.

intermediata (Spaniocentra), 204.

internella (Celama), 320.

— (Pisara), 320.

interposita (Morpho), 316.

interpres (Strepsilas), 291.

interrupta (Celama), 320.

— (Pomasia), 26.

— (Westermannia), 220.

— (Xanthorhoé), 36.

interstincta (Scolia), 241.

intertexens (Paralcis), 64.

intima (Aeolochroma), 9.

intractata (Nadagara), 45.

introbasalis (Illice), 264.

invirae (Opsiphanes), 311.

iphiclus (Morpho), 316.

iratus (Debos), 272.

Irediparra, 96.

iria (Euchromia), 320.

iridescens (Anisozyga), 203.

iris (Dichorda), 169.

irius (Glaucopis), 320.

irregularis (Agathia), 198.

— (Opharus), 268.

— (Schistophleps), 331.

irrufata (Scopula), 277.

Ischnocampa, 267.

Isochromodes, 187.

isogyna (Agathia), 199.

ispida (Alcedo), 96.

istar (Sphinx), 253.

isthmia (Brassolis), 315.

italica (Dasylabris), 241.

jamesi (Taenaris), 304.

jaspidaria (Apicia), 186.

javana (Apolecta), 347.

javanica (Apolecta), 343, 345, 347.

— (Columba), 96.

javensis (Titulcia), 215.

josephus (Opsiphanes), 312.

jugurtharia (Hammaptera), 176, 177.

junceti (Laphigma), 287.

junctilinea (Paralcis), 64.

junoniae (Columba), 86.

kabylaria (Leucanitis), 287.

keiensis (Celerena), 5.

kempi (Myiagra), 99.

khasianus (Xenocerus), 361.

khenchelae (Somabrachys), 352, 357.

kirschi (Taenaris), 306, 307.

kisserensis (Drymophila), 297.

klagesi (Phellinodes), 156.

klugi (Somabrachys), 352.

kohli (Osmia), 244.

korejewi (Columba), 84.

kroumira (Somabrachys), 352.

kulambangrae (Coracina), 289.

kumusii (Morphopsis), 301, 302.

labialis (Andrena), 244.

labuana (Enpinanga), 120.

labyrinthodes (Eucharidema), 68.

lacteata (Eriomastyx), 332.

lacteguttata (Oospila), 170.

lacteipennis (Myzine), 241.

laeliodes (Carcinarctia), 239.

laetata (Agathia), 11, 199.

Lalage, 96, 99, 100, 107.

Lambula, 323, 332.

lamellifera (Phellinodes), 157.

laodice (Hammaptera,) 177.

Laphigma, 287.

lariaria (Pingasa), 7, 193.

Larus, 95, 295, 296.

Larvivora, 298.

Lasionotella, 219.

Lasius, 245.

lathyi (Thauria), 309.

laticlava (Craspedosis), 72.

latifascia (Opsiphanes), 311.

— (Stenoscaptia), 326.

latigrisea (Dysphania), 195.

latilimes (Agathia), 200.

latimargo (Paracrama), 222.

latimedia (Paraleis), 65.

latipennis (Apolecta), 343, 345, 347.

latirostris (Myiagra), 99.

latreillei (Osmia), 244.

laurivora (Columba), 85, 86.

lautensis (Faunis), 299.

leda (Proteostenia), 57.

lefeburei (Protoparce), 250, 251.

lehmanni (Hemihyalea), 269.

Lemonia, 355.

lentifasciata (Diacrisia), 236.

lepidota (Zamarada), 39.

lepidus (Apolecta), 342.

Leptaletis, 274.

Leptoctenopsis, 152-154.

Leptomeris, 17.

leptophyes (Pareclipsis), 285.

leptosiata (Phellinodes), 157.

lerne (Celerena), 5, 191.

Leucanitis, 287.

leucoceraria (Racheospila), 165.

leucogaster (Cinnyris), 108, 109.

— (Sula), 94.

leucogrammus (Utriculifera), 327.

leuconota (Columba), 85.

leucophaea (Sylvia), 99, 100.

Leucophlebia, 254, 255, 256, 257.

leucophrys (Poliolimnas), 104.

leucopsis (Motacilla), 95.

leucoptera (Hammaptera), 176.

— (Hydrochelidon), 296.

leucopterus (Larus), 296.

leucospilata (Comibaena), 275, 276.

leucosticta (Craspedosis), 71.

leucotera (Pieris), 287.

leugalea (Urycanda), 74.

lewisi (Apolecta), 345, 347.

liberiae (Glareola), 91.

libyssa (Cartaletis), 274.

licada (Racheospila), 165.

lichenea (Protoparce), 252.

ligdioides (Myrioblephara), 61.

ligustri (Sphinx), 253.

Likoma, 261.

limbata (Glareola), 89, 90.

Limicola, 113, 114.

Limonites, 92, 113.

Limosa, 114.

lincea (Ophthalmis), 334.

— (Phalaena), 334.

lineata (Eugnesia), 42.

— (Excalfactoria), 96.

— (Celerio), 287.

Lionotus, 242, 243.

lioptilaria (Boarmia), 55.

lita (Chloroclystis), 279.

Lithosia, 324.

Litocerus, 359.

littoralis (Morphotenaris), 307.

— (Taenaris), 306, 307.

livia (Columba), 84.

— (Verochala), 287.

livida (Temnora), 119.

livius (Caligo), 313.

livornica (Celerio), 287.

Lobipes, 114.

lobipes (Phalaropus), 114.

Lomographa, 39.

longigutta (Craspedosis), 71.

longipalpis (Eusemia), 334.

— (Immetalia), 334.

longiuscula (Anisozyga), 203.

‚ louisa (Stichophthalma), 307, 308.

louisiadensis (Coracina), 289, 290.

Loxapicia, 186.

Loxia, 96, 108, 109.

lucifimbria (Oenospila), 208.

lucorum (Bremus), 245.

lucullus (Opsiphanes), 311.

luctuosa (Oreicola), 98.

lumenaria (Derambila), 3.

lunifera (Dooabia), 201.

lurlina (Euchromia), 319.

luteitincta (Microligia), 280.

lutulentus (Lasius), 245.

luzonensis (Agathia), 198.

lycaenaria (Agathia) 195.

Lychnis, 354.

lyra (Spaniocentra), 204.

lysimon (Zizera), 287.

Macaduma, 325, 326.

Macaria, 47, 283.

macariata (Ozola), 191, 273.

macklotii (Dicaeum), 96, 103.

Macrocephalus, 347.

Macroglossum, 121-123.

Macrolyrcea, 189.

macrosiris (Dynastor), 310.

Macrotes, 154, 155.

macrura (Sterna), 296.

macularia (Saxicola), 105.

maculata (Apolecta), 344, 346, 348.

— (Mecocerus), 360.

— (Meliphaga), 102.

— (Stigmatops), 102.

maculatus (Larus), 296.

— (Malurus), 105.

maculicollis (Columba), 82.

madraspatana (Glareola), 91.

Maenas, 234.

magnidiscata (Racheospila), 163.

magniplaga (Tyana), 215.

magnipuncta (Gelasma), 13.

maia (Fringilla), 97.

mailua (Taenaris), 306, 307.

maja (Loxia), 109.

— (Munia), 109.

major (Morpho), 317.

— (Phalacrocorax), 293.

maldivarum (Glareola), 90, 91.

maligna (Spectrobasis), 36.

malthaca (Chrysochloroma), 205.

Malurus, 105.

mambarensis (Morphopsis), 301, 302.

manastabal (Somabrachys), 352, 353.

manilensis (Pingasa), 193.

Manoba, 325.

377

378

manusi (Asura), 329.

— (Schistophleps), 331.

marchei (Glareola), 91.

marcus (Morpho), 317.

marginata (Amsacta), 333.

mariae (Comibaena), 205.

marina (Tyana), 215.

marinus (Larus), 295, 296.

marmorata (Chloroclystis), 279.

— (Horisme), 182.

— (Oederemia), 228.

— (Poliana), 248.

maroccana (Somabrachys), 352, 353.

martha (Polyptychus), 259.

Marumba, 261.

mathilda (Stichophthalma), 308.

maugei (Dicaeum), 96, 97, 103.

maura (Dasylabris), 241.

Mauritia, 218.

maxwelli (Nyceryx), 117.

Mecocerus, 342, 348, 360, 361.

Mecotropis, 359, 360.

medarda (Virbia), 234.

media (Otis), 339.

mediofracta (Psaliodes), 181.

mediopuncta (Eugoa), 330.

mediosignata (Apicia), 186.

medius (Larus), 296.

— (Phalacrocorax), 293.

meeki (Chaudica), 214.

— (Chrysochloroma), 205.

— (Metallothea), 15.

— (Taenaris), 305.

meekiana (Coracina), 290.

meena (Streptopelia), 80, 81.

Megaloba, 27, 28.

megalobus (Sychesia), 140, 141, 142.

megaloptera (Chrysochloroma), 205.

Meganthribus, 359.

melacheilus (Morpho), 318.

melaena (Sphinx), 253.

melanocephala (Arenaria), 291, 292.

melanocephalus (Larus), 296.

melanocera (Estigmene), 237.

melanochlorus (Chionaema), 328.

Melanodryas, 105.

melanoleuca ((Enanthe), 98.

— (Oreicola), 98.

melanolora (Coracina), 290.

melanops (Artamus), 101.

melanopsis (Monarcha), 297.

melanoptera (Glareola), 90.

melanospila (Eugnesia), 43.

melas (Macroglossum), 123.

meleagris (Tringa), 95.

Melicophila, 108.

Melinoéssa, 285, 286.

Meliphaga, 102.

Melithreptus, 102.

Melitturga, 244, 245.

mellifera (Apis), 245.

Melochlora, 173.

meloni (Polyptychus), 260.

melusina (Leptoctenopsis), 153.

menado (Faunis), 300.

menas (Drepanogynis), 280.

mendax (Caprimima), 327.

menelaus (Morpho), 318.

menoetius (Caligo), 314.

merana (Taenaris), 306.

Merarius, 361.

meridionalis (Tringa), 114.

mertoni (Coracina), 290.

mesoleuca (Corula), 322.

— (Eurynola), 322.

Mesomima, 274.

Metallothea, 15.

Metapyria (Paranerita), 266.

metapyrioides (Paranerita), 266.

Meticulodes, 189.

micans (Collocalia), 104.

miccularia (Racheolopha), 169, 170.

Microclysia, 188.

Microgonia, 188.

Microligia, 280.

Micromia, 32.

microniaria (Ozola), 273.

microps (Taenaris), 303.

microrhynchus (Numenius), 114.

Milionia, 123.

militaris (Dysphania), 195.

milnei (Morphopsis), 301, 302.

Mimoclystia, 278, 279.

Mimomiza, 49.

mimosaria (Nemoria), 167.

minervaria (Dysphania), 195.

minima (Carea), 223.

miniosa (Ptochophyle), 19.

Minnagara, 320.

minor (Apolecta), 342, 349.

— (Apolecteila), 349.

— (Caligo), 312, 313.

— (Charadrius), 112.

— (Larus), 296.

— (Racheospila), 165.

— (Rhodogastria), 333.

— (Scoliacma), 324.

minuscula (Roeselia), 264.

minuta (Euchromia), 319.

minutilla (Erolia), 93.

— (Limonites), 113.

minutipuncta (Phellinodes), 157.

minutus (Charadrius) 112.

— (Larus), 296.

mira (Cerida), 261.

miranda (Craspedosis), 72.

miscellanea (Myrioblephara), 61.

miscus (Taenaris), 306.

misolensis (Taenaris), 306.

mitis (Celerena), 5, 6.

mixticolor (Didigua), 221.

— (Myrioblephara), 61.

mnemosyne (Atyria), 174, 175.

Mniocera, 72.

mogadorensis (Somabrachys), 352, 353.

molliculata (Racheospila), 159.

moluccensis (Ornithospila), 202.

— (Phalaropus), 114.

Monarcha, 297, 335, 336.

monochorda (Macrolyrcea), 189.

monops (Pyenoneura), 151.

monospilonota (Racheospila), 160

monostidza (Automolis), 231.

monostigma (Nemoria), 166.

montana (Diacrisia), 333.

— (Racheospila), 161, 162.

— (Taenaris), 304.

Montanum, 246.

montivagata (Calocalpe), 180.

moricei (Anthidium), 246.

moriolum (Macroglossum), 122.

morpheus (Caligo), 313.

Morpho, 316-318.

Morphopsis, 300, 302.

Morphotenaris, 307.

Motacilla, 95, 105, 106, 109.

multicolor (Callipotnia), 3.

multidentata (Hypodoxa), 8.

multiplaga (Stenocharta), 74.

Munia, 96, 109.

muraria (Chalicodoma), 245.

murina (Celama), 322.

— (Philenora), 331.

muscereata (Phellinodes), 156.

Muscipaga, 96, 97, 105-107, 297.

muscosa (Protoparce), 251, 252.

muscosaria (Hypodoxa), 8.

mustela (Nemoria), 166.

mutatilinea (Gelasma), 206.

mutatipes (Celerena), 6.

Mutilla, 241.

Myiagra, 99, 106.

mylea (Asura), 330.

myops (Taenaris), 306.

Myrioblephara, 58-62, 282.

Myzine, 241.

Nadagara, 44, 45.

naevius (Larus), 295.

nagaensis (Stichophthalma), 308.

naias (Sychesia), 137, 138, 148.

nana (Pelidna), 113.

— (Tringa), 113.

napoleon (Dynastor), 309, 310.

Narasodes, 326.

Narope, 309.

nasidens (Chalicodoma), 244.

natalensis (Poliana), 247, 248.

Naxa, 4.

neavi (Polyptychus), 258, 259.

nebularius (Glottis), 114.

nebulosa (Celama), 321.

Nectarinia, 103.

Negeta, 211.

neglecta (Careades), 227.

— (Collocalia), 96.

— (Columba), 84.

neglectus (Philemon), 102.

nelearia (Epipristis), 193.

Nemoria, 166, 167.

neodmes (Racheospila), 160.

Nephele, 118, 262.

neptunaria (Traminda), 278.

Neritos, 231.

Nertobriga, 211.

Nessiara, 347.

netrix (Macrotes), 154, 155.

neumanni (Leucophlebia), 257.

ni (Phytometras), 287.

nias (Dysphania), 195.

niceta (Diacrisia), 333.

nicobarensis (Carea), 224.

nieteri (Apolecta), 342, 343, 345, 346.

nigellum (Macroglossum), 122.

nigra (Lalage), 99, 100.

nigrellata (Syntaracta), 43.

nigrescentipalpis (Archaeobalbis), 6.

nigricans (Columba), 84, 85.

— (Hirundo), 103.

— (Petrochelidon), 103.

nigricincta (Racheospila), 163.

nigricosta (Cartaletis), 273.

nigrifusalis (Pseudoschista), 29.

nigrilinea (Celerena), 192.

nigrinotata (Dolichoneura), 152.

nigripes (Racheospila), 160.

nigripuncta (Conolophia), 4.

— (Macaduma), 325, 326.

— (Traminda), 278.

nigroaenea (Andrena), 244.

nigrobasalis (Roeselia), 322.

nigrotis (Larus), 296.

niphospila (Mniocera), 72.

Nishada, 324.

nisseni (Sphinx), 253.

nitida (Myiagra), 106.

nitidieutis (Basitropis), 363.

nivea (Amsacta) 237.

niveibasalis (Tolmera), 50.

niverupta (Craspedosis), 72.

nobilis (Pingasa), 7.

Noctuelia, 288.

380

noctuella (Nomophila), 288.

Nodozana, 264.

Nola, 321.

Nomada, 244.

Nomophila, 288.

normis (Sauris), 27.

notata (Eucera), 245.

Notodela, 96.

nubilosa (Sterna), 296.

nuchalis (Glareola), 91.

numana (Dysphania), 10.

Numenius, 113, 114.

numosae (Polyptychus), 260, 261.

Nyceryx, 116-118.

oberthuri (Caligo), 314.

obnubilata (Chloractis), 173.

— (Melochlora), 173.

obscurascens (Temnora), 118.

obsolescens (Ecpantheria), 238.

— (Euchloé), 287.

— (Oospila), 171.

obversata (Traminda), 278.

occidentalis (Ozola), 273.

— (Taenaris), 306, 307.

oceanica (Enpinanga), 120.

ocellata (Polycrasta), 41.

ocellea (Eromena), 283.

ochracea (Alex), 3.

— (Tricholepis), 328.

ochroneura (Paralcis), 64.

ochroptera (Amazona), 87.

ockendeni (Morpho), 316.

ocularis (Glareola), 89.

oculatus (Physopterus), 361.

Ocypterus, 96, 100, 108.

Odontodes, 211.

odontogramma (Ornithospila), 202.

Odynerus, 242, 243.

Oederemia, 228.

Oedicnemus, 93.

oedicnemus (Burhinus), 93.

— (Oedicnemus), 93.

(Enanthe, 98, 99, 105.

oenone (Euchromia), 319.

Oenoptila, 40.

oenoptila (Eurychoria), 40.

Oenospila, 208.

olivacea (Myrioblephara), 60.

olivaria (Nertobriga), 211.

omissus (Sychesia), 130, 131, 146, 147-150.

Omphax, 276.

onesimides (Taenaris), 304.

onolaus (Taenaris), 304.

oophora (Ptochophyle), 19.

Oospila, 170-172.

Oospiloma, 170.

opaca (Phrudocentra), 168.

Opharus, 233, 267, 268.

ophthalmicata (Anisodes), 25.

Opthalmis, 334.

Opthalmodes, 55.

opima (Protoparce), 251.

ops (Atyria), 174, 175.

Opsiphanes, 309, 310-312.

optabilis (Milionia), 123.

orbifer (Paranerita), 231.

orcheia (Chionae ma), 327.

Oreicola, 98.

orientalis (Glareola), 89, 90, 91.

— (Hylophilodes), 222.

— (Notodela), 96.

— (Otis), 339.

— (Saxicola), 96.

— (Streptopelia), 80, 81.

— (Taenaris), 304.

— (Turdus), 96.

Oriolus, 97, 108.

ornata (Dasylabris), 241.

ornatissima (Prasinocyma), 15.

ornatus (Pterochilus), 243.

ornea (Eupithecia), 185.

Ornithospila, 201-202.

Ortholitha, 278.

orthoscia (Mauritia), 218.

orthostela (Arycanda), 72.

Orthostixis, 209.

Osicerda, 48.

Osmia, 244.

Otis, 337, 339.

ougarra (Diacrisia), 333.

oviplaga (Stenocharta), 75.

Oxyambubyx, 254.

oxycentra (Prasinocyma), 15.

Oxychora, 208.

oxyophthalma (Hyantis), 300.

oxyporphyris (Chrysocraspeda), 22.

oxyptera (Pareclipsis), 284.

— (Temnora), 119.

oxypteraria (Pycnoneura), 151.

Ozola, 191, 272, 273.

ozoloides (Adesmobathra), 272.

pactolias (Scoliacma), 323.

Pademodes, 325.

palaestinae (Columba), 84.

palawanica (Celerena), 4, 5.

pallida (Asura), 328.

— (Chloroplaga), 217.

— (Columba), 110.

— (Diacrisia), 333.

— (Hyrantis), 300.

pallidiceps (Philemon), 102.

pallidicolor (Celerena), 5.

pallidicosta (Peratostega), 41.

pallidifim bria (Odontodes), 211.

pallidimargo (Paraleis), 65.

pallidipalpis (Pseudoschista), 29.

pallidipars (Myrioblephara), 60.

pallidipennis (Mauritia), 218.

pallidus (Caligo), 313.

— (Cuculus), 110.

pallipes (Phloeobius), 363.

palmeri (Baritius), 267.

— (Horisme), 182.

palparia (Alex), 3, 4.

pampeiro (Caligo), 312.

panayensis (Emberiza), 336.

pannosa (Spaniocentra), 204.

Panurgus, 244.

panzeri (Tachysphex), 242.

papuana (Apolecta), 342, 343, 346, 349.

— (Diacrisia), 333.

— (Rhodogastria), 333.

papuensis (Chiasmia), 45, 47.

— (Coracina), 289, 290.

— (Eugnesia), 42.

— (Graucalus), 289.

par (Agathia), 196.

Paracrama, 222.

paradiseae (Milionia), 123.

Paradromulia, 56, 57, 66.

Paralcidia, 75, 76.

Paralcis, 52, 57, 63-67.

parallaxis (Eupithecia), 184.

parallela (Hylophilodes), 222.

parallelus (Taenaris), 306.

Paranerita, 231, 266.

paraplesia (Apolecta), 345, 347.

Parapsammophila, 242.

Parasphex, 242.

Pareclipsis, 284, 285.

Parerastria, 217.

parietum (Ancistroceros), 243.

— (Odynerus), 243.

parryi (Coracina), 291.

parvipuncta (Naxa), 4.

parvula (Apolecta), 348.

parvulus (Apolecta), 346, 342, 348.

— (Mecocerus), 348.

passalus (Macroglossum), 121.

patroclus (Morpho), 316.

pavo (Ramadaa), 210.

pectinata (Tetragonodes), 188.

pectinifera (Racheospila), 158.

pectoralis (Allantus), 241.

— (Ginanthe), 105.

— (Petroica), 105.

Pelecanus, 94, 293.

Pelidna, 113.

pellenia (Protoparce), 248, 249, 250.

pellucida (Oospila), 170.

Pelochyta, 232.

pelops (Polyptychus), 260.

Penetis, 309.

peralta (Oospila), 170.

Peratostega, 41.

Perdix, 96.

peregrina (Dysphania), 10.

peresa (Chionomera), 214.

perflammans (Automolis), 266.

— (Hyperthaema), 232.

Pergesa, 262.

Pericallis, 238.

periophthalmica (Callaeops), 335.

Peristera, 82.

perithea (Celerena), 5.

Perixera, 25.

peronii (Geoeichla), 97.

perpallida (Coracina), 290, 291.

perplexa (Protoparce), 248, 249, 250.

perplexus (Taenaris), 305.

perseus (Morpho), 316.

persimilis (Basitropis), 363.

personata (Sula), 97, 104.

perspicillatus (Artamus), 96, 97, 100, 101.

peruana (Amaxia), 265.

peruanus (Opsiphanes), 311.

peruviana (Racheospila), 162.

Petelia, 41.

Petrochelidon, 103.

Petroica, 105.

petuniae (Protoparce), 252.

phaeophlebia (Agoraca), 233.

Phalacrocorax, 111, 293, 294, 295.

Phalaena, 285, 334.

Phalaropus, 114.

phaon (Faunis), 299, 300.

Phellinodes, 156, 157.

Philedon, 101.

Philemon, 101, 102.

Philenora, 330, 331.

Philentoma, 106.

philippii (Digonis), 188.

— (Microclysia), 188.

philodamea (Sangala), 189.

Phlegoenas, 94.

Phloeopemon, 359.

Phloeobius, 363.

phoeba (Chiasmia), 45.

phoenicophila (Streptopelia), 82.

phokylides (Morpho), 316.

phorcas (Taenaris), 304.

Phrissocelis, 25.

Phrudocentra, 167-169, 173.

Phrudophlebs, 76.

phryasus (Caligo), 312, 313.

Phthonoloba, 28.

Physopterus, 361.

Phytometras, 287.

381

382

picata (Melicophila), 108. powelli (Somabrachys), 351, 352, 355.

— (Petroica), 105. praecana (Caligo), 314.

pici (Stilbum), 241. praecanaria (Biclavigera), 281.

— (Systropha), 244. praecminens (Phthonoloba), 28.

pictipennis (Chaetolopha), 34. praeflavata (Bursadopsis), 70.

picumnus (Climacteris), 107. praegriseata (Chrysocraspeda), 21.

Pieris, 287. prasia (Tachychlora), 167.

pilosa (Dysphania), 194. prasina (Actenochroma), 10.

Pingasa, 7, 193, 194, 275. — (Acolochroma), 9, 10.

pippa (Eucymatoge), 182. prasinaspis (Agathia), 199.

— (Eupithecia), 182. Prasinocyma, 14, 15, 165.

pirimacula (Antitrygodes), 16. prasinospila (Ophthalmodes), 55.

Pisara, 320. Pratincola, 95, 98.

pisina (Agathia), 11. pratincola (Glareola), 89, 90.

Pisobia, 92. — (Hirundo), 89.

plagiatus (Xylinades), 362. praxedus (Taenaris), 306.

plagiogramma (Leptoclenopsis), 153. primaria (Idiodes), 49.

plagosus (Schistophleps), 331. Prionia, 48.

plana (Careades), 227. prionites (Polyptychus), 258, 259.

— (Dooabia), 201. prionophora (Paraleis), 63.

plantaria (Omphax), 276. Pristarthria, 288.

plateni (Faunis), 300. pristina (Lambula), 323.

platyrhyncha (Limicola), 113. pristopera (Digonis), 188.

Platyrhynchos, 99, 106. Problepsis, 17.

plenifascia (Bursadopsis), 70. probola (Celerena), 5.

plumbeola (Ramadasa), 210. prodroma (Celerena), 5.

plumbiceps (Larus), 296. Progonodes, 170.

plumicornis (Lambula), 323. prometheus (Caligo), 313.

plurilinearia (Cataclysme), 37. promontoria (Racheospila), 164.

Plutodes, 37. propinqua (Uroloncha), 96.

Pluvianus, 112. Prosopis, 243.

poecilum (Macroglossum), 121, 122. prospila (Myrioblephara), 282.

Poliana, 247, 248. Prosthetopteryx, 30.

poliochroa (Pygarctia), 238. Proteostrenia, 57.

Poliodes, 262. Protoparce, 248-252.

Poliolimnas, 104. protrusilinea (Pyenoneura), 152.

Polistes, 242. proximata (Myrioblephara), 59.

polita (Eugnesia), 42. Prumala, 265.

polo-candor (Larus), 296. Psaliodes, 180-181.

polychroma (Hammaptera), 175. Psammochares, 242.

— (Xanthotaenia), 300. Psammophila, 242.

polycnema (Paralcis), 66. Pseudoclanis, 254.

Polycrasta, 41. Pseudocrocinis, 38.

polylophota (Graphosia), 322. pseudodryas (Sychesia), 145, 146, 149.

polynesia (Syntaracta), 44. pseudoliris (Thauria), 309.

polyploca (Paradromulia), 56. Pseuaumiza, 48,

Polyptychus, 115, 116, 257-261. Pseudoschista, 29.

polyspilalis (Gabala), 212. Pseudoterpna, 193.

polytrochia (Myrioblephara), 62. pseudoterpnaria (Pingasa), 7, 193

Pomasia, 26. Psilaleis, 283.

Pompilus, 242. Psittacus, 111.

pomposa (Racheospila), 166. Pterochilus, 243.

portis (Morpho), 316. Pterogonia, 220.

postdivisa (Tricholepis), 328. Ptilinopus, 96.

postfasciatus (Asura), 330. Ptochophyle, 19, 20, 24.

postflavida (Macaduma), 325. Ptychopoda, 16.

postfulvata (Syzyx), 30. pudicana (Earias), 216.

postica (Atyria), 174. pulchella (Chionomera), 214, 215.

pulchelloides (Utetheisa), 333.

pulcherrima (Phrudocentra), 173.

pulchra (Sabaria), 48.

pullatum (Anthidium), 244, 246.

pulverulenta (Ozola), 273.

pumila (Celama), 321.

— (Nola), 321.

puncta (Agophthora), 319.

— (Ceryx), 319.

punctata (Pareclipsis), 284.

puncticollis (Apolecta), 342, 346, 349.

punctifera (Abraxas), 75.

punctinalis (Boarmia), 55.

punctinervis (Timandra), 18.

punctipennis (Amsacta), 333.

— (Arctia), 333.

punctularia (Loxia), 96.

puntillada (Racheospila), 163.

pupillata (Phrudocentra), 167.

purpurata (Columba), 96.

purpurea (Craspedosis), 72.

— (Hypaenistis), 219.

purpureofusa (Debos), 272.

purpureotincta (Racheospila), 159.

purpurifera (Hypodoxa), 194.

pusilla (Acanthiza), 105.

— (Motacilla), 105.

pusillata (Eupithecia), 185.

pus.llus (Numenius), 113, 114.

Pycnoneura, 151, 152.

Pyctis, 17.

Pygarctia, 238.

pygmaeus (Numenius), 113.

— (Turtur), 82.

pygmeus (Numenius), 113.

Pylarge, 277.

Pyrameis, 287.

pyrrhonota ((Enanthe), 98, 99.

— (Oreicola), 98.

— (Saxicola), 98.

pyrrhonotus (Saxicola), 99.

Pyrrhorachis, 16.

quadrinigrata (Gabala), 212.

quadripennis (Chaudica), 214.

quadriplaga (Stenocharta), 74, 75.

quadriplagiata (Isochromodes), 187.

queenslandica (Taenaris), 304.

quietaria (Microgonia), 188.

quinquelatera (Psaliodes), 181.

Racheolopha, 169, 172.

Racheospila, 158-166, 167.

radiolinea (Racheospila), 164.

radiosa (Theretra), 263.

ragmata (Somabrachys), 352.

Ramadasa, 210, 211.

Rawasia, 362.

388

rebeli (Taenaris), 304.

rectaria (Dichorda), 169.

rectilineata (Cacyparis), 212.

— (Chaetolopha), 34.

— (Heteralex), 2.

— (Pyenoneura), 151.

— (Sterrhochaeta), 34.

rectiradia (Automolis), 267.

rectiscripta (Derambila), 2.

reducta (Anisozyga), 203.

regina (Hypodoxa), 8.

regnatrix (Dysphania), 195.

remissa (Strepsichlora), 208.

remoliatus (Opsiphanes), 311.

remutata (Celerena), 5.

renotata (Macaria), 47.

reprensata (Nadagara), 45.

repressa (Sterna), 288.

reticulata (Asura), 329.

— (Cyme), 329.

— (Meliphaga), 102.

retroflexa (Dyscheraleis), 57, 58.

reussi (Polyptychus), 260.

reutlingeri (Temnora), 118.

reversa (Asura), 329.

rhadamaria (Pingasa), 275.

Rhamidava, 285.

rhesus (Theretra), 263.

Rhipidura, 106.

Rhodinocichla, 229.

rhodocephala (Dichorda), 169.

Rhodochlora, 157, 158.

rhodochroa (Diacrisia), 236.

Rhodogastria, 239, 240, 333.

rhodolopha (Comibaena), 276.

rhodonota (Racheospila), 159, 160.

rhodophragma (Oospila), 170.

rhodostigma (Prasinocyma), 14.

Rhopalista, 179.

richardus (Morpho), 316.

richli (Straboscopus), 361.

risoria (Columba), 78, 80.

Rissa, 295.

ritsemae (Rawasia), 362.

— (Taenaris), 304.

Robinsonia, 230.

robusta (Coracina), 290.

Roeselia, 264, 322.

romae (Dicaeum), 103.

rondelaria (Sabaria), 48.

ropae (Pieris), 287.

rosacea (Carpophaga), 97.

rosae (Hippotion) 262.

rosea (Polyptychus), 260.

— (Rhodinoeichla), 229.

rosearia (Sabaria), 48.

roseicornis (Poliodes), 262.

roseifera (Earias), 216, 217.

384

roseipalpis (Rhodochlora), 157, 158.

roseipennis (Hippotion), 262.

roseivena (Ergavia), 155.

roseogrisea (Streptopelia), 79, 80.

roseus (Furnarius), 229.

rosseli (Taenaris), 306.

rosselianus (Monarcha), 297.

rossii (Lionotus), 243.

— (Odynerus), 243.

rostratus (Numenius), 114.

rosulenta (Leucophlebia), 256.

rothschildi (Taenaris), 306.

rotifera (Problepsis), 17.

rubecula (Myiagra), 99.

— (Todus), 99.

rubescens (Columba), 94.

— (Oospila), 172.

rubra-cana (Nectarinia), 103.

rubricata (Melitturga), 244, 245.

rubricosta (Hemistola), 15.

rubrifrontaria (Aplodes), 166.

— (Nemoria), 166.

— (Racheospila), 166.

rubrimargo (Hemistola), 15, 16.

rubripicta (Megaloba), 27, 28.

rudis (Conolophia), 4.

rufescens (Brassolis), 315.

— (Peristera), 82.

ruficollis (Erolia), 92.

— (Myiagra), 99.

— (Platyrhynchos), 99.

— (Tringa), 92, 93.

ruficolor (Pylarge), 277.

— (Scopula), 277.

rufilimes (Racheolopha), 169.

rufilunata (Epipristis), 193.

rufimacula (Tympanistis), 220.

rufipes (Earias), 216.

— (Himantopus), 112.

rufiplaga (Oospila), 171.

rufitarsis (Chalicodoma), 245.

rufitornus (Comibaena), 275.

rufivena (Biclavigera), 281.

rufivenata (Paraleidia), 76.

rufocostalis (Macaduma), 326.

— (Narasodes), 326.

rufoliva (Trochistis), 41.

rufus (Xeocephus), 336.

— (Zeocephus), 335.

ruginaria (Pingasa), 194.

ruptistriga (Chaetolo pha), 34.

ruptistriga (Sterrhochaeta), 35.

Rusticola, 114.

rusticola (Scolopax), 114.

Sabaria, 48.

sabulifera (Cortyta), 228.

sabulosa (Azenia), 287.

sabulosa (Carea), 223.

sagittatus (Coracias), 108.

— (Oriolus), 108,

saharae (Burhinus), 93.

sakhalina (Erolia), 95.

— (Scolopax), 95.

salamandrinus (Xenocerus), 361.

salvadorii (Dicaeum), 103.

samarana (Apolecta), 346, 348.

Sangala, 189, 190.

Sangalopsis, 190.

sanguinata (Gabala), 213.

santolinae (Cucullia), 287.

saphenes (Eupithecia), 185.

sarptaria (Racheolopha), 170, 172.

satelliata (Derambila), 2.

satellitiata (Phellinodes), 156.

saturata (Careades), 226.

— (Immetalia), 334.

saturatior (Taenaris), 304.

Sauris, 27.

Saxicola, 95-99, 105.

schausi (Automolis), 266.

— (Morpho), 317.

schenki (Andrena), 245.

schimperi (Columba), 84.

schinzii (Pelidna), 113.

schistacea (Rhodinocichla), 229.

schistipennis (Chaudica), 214.

Schistophleps, 331.

schmassmanni (Racheospila), 165.

schönbergi (Morphotenaris), 307.

sciagraphica (Eugnesia), 41.

sclateri (Coracina), 290.

Scolia, 241.

Scoliacma, 323, 324, 332.

Scolopax, 95, 113, 114.

scolopax (Burhinus), 93.

Scopula, 17, 18, 277.

scotocephala (Racheospila), 163.

Scotosia, 180.

scutata (Protoparce), 248, 249, 250.

scylla (Taenaris), 304.

seebohmi (Charadrius), 112.

sekarensis (Taenaris), 304.

semialba (Chloromachia), 204.

semiclarata (Cleora), 53, 54.

semifasciata (Chamaita), 332.

— (Macroglossum), 122.

semiflava (Rhopalista), 180.

semifracta (Dysphania), 195-196.

‚semihyalina (Thalassodes), 14.

semilugens (Craspedosis), 71.

semiocellata (Chrysocraspeda), 22.

semipectinata (Syntaracta), 43.

semiradiata (Chaetolopha), 34.

semirosea (Arctia), 333.

— (Diacrisia), 333.

semirufus (Lasius), 245.

semisecta (Psaliodes), 180.

semperi (Celerena), 4.

— (Zeuxidia), 308.

senegalensis (Columba), 82.

— (Sterna), 296.

— (Streptopelia), 81-83.

— (Turtur), 81, 82.

separatus (Sphinx), 253.

Serraca, 55.

serrataria (Hemerophila), 282.

sesquiplex (Protoparce), 251, 252.

sessilis (Odynerus), 243.

setakwaensis (Morphopsis), 301, 302.

sexfasciata (Myzine), 241.

siamensis (Stichophthalma), 308.

— (Thauria), 309.

sicula (Chalicodoma), 244.

siculus (Panurgus), 244.

sigillaria (Racheospila), 166.

signata (Emberiza), 336.

— (Myrioblephara), 59.

signifera (Stictoptera), 211.

simillima (Motacilla), 109.

Simorhynchus; 339, 340.

simplex (Odynerus), 243.

— (Graphosia), 322.

simplicilinea (Carea), 223.

simplonica (Calocalpe), 180.

sinapis (Tricholepis), 328.

sinefascia (Diacrisia), 236.

singularis (Opsiphanes), 311.

sinuicosta (Ozola), 191.

sinuosaria (Heterophleps), 27.

Siosta, 190.

sitellaria (Racheospila), 163, 166.

smaragdina (Racheospila), 162.

socotrensis (Pergesa), 262.

sodalis (Dysphania), 196.

sokotrae (Columba), 82.

— (Streptopelia), 82.

solaris (Cinnyris), 96.

Somabrachys, 350-358.

Somatina, 276.

sonneratii (Cuculus), 110.

sophorae (Brassolis), 314, 515.

sordidata (Eugnesia), 43.

sordidior (Eugoa), 330.

— (Philenora), 330.

— (Taenaris), 303.

sordidipennis (Automolis), 266.

sordidus (Artamus), 108.

Spaniocentra, 12, 204.

sparta (Stichophthalma), 307.

Spectrobasis, 35, 36.

Sphecodes, 244.

Sphex, 242.

Sphinx, 253.

385

Spilopelia, 83.

Spindasis, 287.

splendens (Chaetolopha), 34.

splendidum (Stilbum), 241.

spoliataria (Ectropis), 283.

sponsa (Boarmia), 55.

— (Serraca), 55.

stagnatilis (Actitis), 114.

— (Totanus), 114.

— (Tringa), 114.

stalkeri (Coracina), 291.

stchurowskyi (Sphex), 242.

Stegania, 38.

stejnegeri (Pratincola), 95.

— (Saxicola), 95.

Stenocerus, 361.

Stenocharta, 74, 75.

Stenomutilla, 241.

Stenoscaptia, 326.

Stenospila (Celerena), 5.

stephani (Coracina), 290.

Sterna, 288, 296.

Sterrha, 16, 277.

Sterrochaeta, 34, 35.

sticheli (Taenaris), 304.

Stichophthalma, 307, 308.

sticticum (Anthidium), 244.

Stictoptera, 211.

Stigmatops, 102.

stilbiata (Dichromodes), 1.

Stilbum, 241.

stomphax (Faunis), 299, 300.

Straboscopus, 361.

stramineata (Melinoéssa), 286.

strenioides (Proteostrenia), 57.

Strepsichlora, 208.

Strepsilas, 291.

Streptopelia, 78-83.

striata (Traminda), 278.

strigicosta (Derambila), 3.

strigulata (Asthenophleps), 76, 77.

strigulosa (Drepanogynis), 280.

strix (Dynastor), 310.

stygioides (Estigmene), 271.

suavis (Asura), 329.

— (Calligenia), 329.

subandroconiata (Nodozana), 264.

subannulata (Gelasma), 205.

subapicata (Eugnesia), 43.

subarquata (Scolopax), 113.

— (Tringa), 114.

subarquatus (Ancylochilus), 113.

subcolorata (Xenocentris), 18.

subcormoranus (Carbo), 294.

— (Phalacrocorax), 293-295.

subcostistriga (Chiasmia), 46.

subditaria (Asthena), 25.

subflammans (Automolis), 266.

386

subflava (Aplochlora), 37.

subfoliacea (Macaduma), 325.

Subglareola, 89.

sublineata (Negeta), 211.

subliturata (Anisozyga), 203.

subminuta (Actodromas), 92, 93.

— (Erolia), 92, 93.

— (Tringa), 92, 113.

submonstrans (Ornithospila), 201, 202.

subobsoleta (Anisozyga), 203.

subopalina (Archaeobalbis), 6.

subplagiata (Hemerophila), 56.

subrectiaria (Ortholitha), 278.

subrepleta (Dysphania), 195.

subrubra (Careades), 227.

subrufa (Leptoclenopsis), 153, 154.

subspoliata (Archaeobalbis), 6.

substrigilis (Oxyambubyx), 254.

subtenuimargo (Hemihyalea), 269.

subtepens (Archaeobalbis), 7.

subtersignata (Hammaptera), 177, 178.

subtesselata (Prumala), 265.

subtilis (Horisme), 33.

— (Sychesia), 130-150.

subvinosa (Paraleidia), 75.

subviridis (Thalassodes), 207.

succerasina (Xanthorhoé), 36.

suda (Apolecta), 343, 346, 348.

sueurii (Lalage), 99, 100.

— (Turdus), 99, 100.

suffusa (Actenochroma), 10.

— (Aeolochroma), 10.

Sula, 94, 97, 104.

* sula (Pelecanus), 94.

— (Sula), 94.

sulanus (Caligo), 313.

sulkowskyi (Morpho), 316.

sumatranus (Faunis), 299.

superba (Baritius), 267.

— (Caligo), 314.

superior (Bordeta), 70.

superposita (Euchromia), 320.

suppomposa (Racheospila), 165.

supra (Hammaptera), 178.

Sychesia, 130-150.

syllus (Faunis), 300.

Sylvia, 98, 99, 100.

syme (Opsiphanes), 310.

synclinogramma (Eupithecia), 33.

syndyas (Comibaena), 205.

Synelys, 17.

syngenes (Traminda), 277.

Syntaracta, 43, 44.

Syntomis, 319.

syntyche (Prasinocyma), 15.

Sypheotis, 337.

Systropha, 244.

Syzyx, 30.

Taboribia, 248.

Tachychlora, 167.

Tachypetes, 96.

Tachysphex, 242.

tacita (Nyceryx), 116, 117.

taedium (Epistor), 118.

Taenaris, 302-307.

taeniata (Celama), 321.

— (Nola), 321.

taeniatus (Manoba), 325.

tainia (Taenaris), 305.

taivana (Motacilla), 109.

talatala (Cinnyris), 109.

tamarindi (Opsiphanes), 311.

tanaoptera (Chloractis), 173.

tantillaria (Eupithecia), 185.

tanymelea (Thalassodes), 206.

tanypus (Cholomiza), 49.

Tarucus, 287.

tatochorda (Leptoctenopsis), 152.

Tchitrea, 336.

Temnora, 118-120, 262.

tenebrosa (Lomographa), 39.

— (Rhodogastria), 333.

tenera (Comibaena), 12, 13.

tenuicorpus (Idiodes), 49.

tenuilinea (Racheospila), 162.

tenuimargo (Cartaletis), 274.

— (Hemihyalea), 269.

tenuis (Oxychora), 208.

tephrosiaria (Pingasa), 193.

Teracolus, 287.

Terina, 70, 274.

Terpsiphone, 335.

tessellata (Prumala), 265.

tessellatus (Stenocerus), 361.

— (Straboscopus), 361.

testacea (Tympanistis), 220.

testaceo-incarnata (Columba), 82.

Tetracis, 189.

Tetracula, 340.

Tetragonodes, 188.

Tetralonia, 245.

tetrastigmata (Utriculifera), 327.

tetrax (Otis), 337, 339.

teucer (Caligo), 312, 313.

textilis (Naxa), 4.

thalassina (Oospila), 170.

Thalassodes, 14, 173, 205, 207

Thalerura, 205.

Thauria, 309.

theophrastus (Tarucus), 287.

Theretra, 263.

therianaca (Zeuxidia), 308.

thermochroa (Rhodogastria), 239.

thetydaria (Gelasma), 206.

thisbe (Sangalopsis), 190.

thoracicus (Cinnyris), 96, 97, 108, 109.

thyridota (Celama), 320.

tineutus (Taenaris), 305.

tigrina (Spilopelia), 83.

— (Turtur), 83.

tigrinus (Streptopelia), 83.

Timana, 285.

Timandra, 17, 18, 19.

timolis (Rhodogastria), 333.

timorensis (Ceblepyris), 99.

— (Chaleophaps), 96.

— (Lalage), 96, 99, 100.

— (Turdus), 100.

timoriensis (Petrochelidon), 103.

— (Philemon), 101, 102.

— (Tropidorhynchus), 101.

timorlaoensis (Coracina), 291.

tisstigmaria (Racheospila), 163.

Titulcia, 215.

Todus, 99.

tolimensis (Amastus), 270.

— (Halisidota), 270.

— (Ischnocampa), 267.

— (Prumala), 265.

Tolmera, 49-51.

tonkinensis (Aemona), 300.

tonkiniana (Apolecta), 342, 345, 347.

tonkinianus (Mecotropsis), 359, 360.

Torcaza, 86.

tornistriga (Rhodochlora), 158.

torquata (Pratincola), 95.

— (Saxicola), 95.

torquatus (Astux), 97.

torquilinea (Melinoéssa), 286.

Totanus, 92, 93, 114.

totanus (Tringa), 114.

tractata (Nadagara), 44.

Traina, 285.

trajectata (Hammaptera), 175, 176.

Traminda, 277, 278.

trans-cendens (Myrioblephara), 59.

transcissa (Boarmia), 55.

translativena (Leptoctenopsis), 153.

transversa (Nessiara), 347.

transverso (Apolecta), 344, 347.

transversus (Apolecta), 344, 346, 347.

— (Macrocephalus), 347.

tregellasi (Artamus), 100, 101.

triangularis (Craspedosis), 71.

tricamerata (Oospila), 171.

Trichoglossus, 97.

Tricholepsis, 328.

tricolor (Chionaema), 327.

— (Muscicapa), 106.

— (Rhipidura), 106.

— (Tchitrea), 336.

tricornis (Osmia), 244.

tridactyla (Rissa), 295.

trifaria (Myrioblephara), 58.

trigutta (Carea), 224.

trilineata (Carea), 224.

trilineatus (Polyptychus), 115, 116.

trilunaria (Oospila), 171.

trimaculata (Phrudocentra), 167-169.

Tringa, 89, 92, 93, 95, 113, 114.

Tringoides, 114.

tringoides (Calidris), 113.

Tripteridia, 30.

tripunctatus (Odynerus), 243.

tritypa (Hammaptera), 178.

trivittata (Eucera), 245.

trizona (Garudinodes), 325.

Trochistis, 41.

trocaz (Columba), 86.

tropaeosema (Fascellina), 47.

Tropidorhynchus, 101.

tumida (Carea), 224, 225.

tumidistigma (Dabareta), 220.

tupus (Sychesia), 134, 135, 138, 150.

turbida (Diacrisia), 333.

Turdus, 96, 99, 100, 229.

turpis (Pyenoneura), 151, 152.

Turtur, 78, 81-83.

turtur (Streptopelia), 78, 81.

Tyana, 215.

tydei (Psammophila), 242.

Tympanistis, 220.

ugandae (Amsacta), 237.

ula (Morphopsis), 301.

Uliocnemis, 204.

ultramarinus (Coriphilus), 94.

uncus (Ammalo), 125.

undata (Chlaenogramma), 252.

undicostata (Carea), 224.

undiferata (Spaniocentra), 204.

undulosata (Mimoclystia), 278, 279.

uniannulata (Bordeta), 70.

unicolor (Somabrachys), 352.

unidentata (Ulioenemis), 204.

uniformis (Casama), 287.

— (Dichorda), 169.

— (Phellinodes), 156, 157.

unilinea (Epidesma), 2.

— (Heteralex), 2.

unipuncta (Stietoptera), 211.

unipunctata (Carea), 225.

uraneis (Morpho), 317.

uranus (Taenaris), 304.

urapteraria (Archaeobalbis), 192.

uricha (Tachychlora), 167.

Uroloncha, 96.

Utetheisa, 333.

Utriculifera, 327.

vacillans (Streptopelia), 83.

Vanellus, 96.

387

388

varia (Damias), 334.

varians (Eugnesia), 43.

variegata (Cartaletis), 274.

— (Cleora), 53.

— (Hipparchus), 12.

— (Loxia), 96.

— (Tringa), 95.

variegatus (Certhionyx), 97, 108.

— (Cuculus), 110.

— (Hoplopus), 242.

— (Hylaeus), 243.

— (Odynerus), 242.

— (Oriolus), 97, 108.

— (Prosopis), 243.

varipes (Carea), 224.

varius (Phalacrocorax), 111.

velata (Alloeopage), 200, 201.

— (Drymophila), 106.

— (Helicopage), 200.

velatum (Philentoma), 106.

ventralis (Automolis), 266.

venusta (Cinnyris), 109.

— (Earias), 216.

venustus (Artamus), 101.

verbeeki (Taenaris), 306.

vermicularia (Prasinocyma), 165.

verspera (Nephele), 262.

verticata (Carea), 223.

Vespa, 242.

vetula (Heterostegane), 286.

viaticus (Psammochares), 242.

vicina (Apolecta), 344, 346, 347.

vinaceostrigata (Arycanda), 73.

Virbia, 234.

virescens (Alloeopage), 200.

virgata (Apolecta), 343, 349.

viridans (Epipristis), 193.

viridaria (Archaeobalbis), 193.

viridata (Bihastina), 27.

viridicans (Chloropteryx), 172.

viridicaput (Thalassodes), 14.

viridifusata (Rhopalista), 179.

viridifuscus (Oriolus), 108.

viridilinea (Racheospila), 162. _

viridimacula (Gelastocera), 218.

viridimargo (Anisozyga), 203.

— (Ornithospila), 202.

viridimedia (Aeolochroma), 9.

viridior (Chloromachia), 204.

viridipieta (Didigua), 221.

viridis (Australasia), 97, 111.

Virochala, 287.

vitalis (Mecocerus), 360.

vitalis (Mecotropis), 360.

vitreata (Amastus), 270.

vitticollis (Mecotropis), 359, 360.

vivida (Myrioblephara), 59.

— (Phrudocentra), 167.

vividaria (Traminda), 278.

vulcanica (Chionaema), 327.

vulgaris (Arenaria), 113.

— (Rusticola), 114.

vulpeculus (Brassolis), 314.

vulpina (Eurychoria), 40, 41.

— (Rhodinocichla), 229.

vulpinus (Turdus), 229.

watkinsi (Amastus), 269.

welchmani (Coracina), 289.

— (Graucalus), 289.

Westermannia, 220.

wickhami (Larvivora), 298.

wilemani (Oxyambulyx), 254.

wentgensi (Taboribia), 248.

wollastoni (Morphotenaris), 307.

xanthogramma (Arycanda), 73.

xanthomelus (Ctimene), 69.

xanthipis (Leucophlebia), 254-257.

Xanthorhoé, 36.

xanthosoma (Homophlebia), 218.

Xanthotaenia, 300.

Xenocentris, 18.

Xenocerus, 361.

Xenostega, 38.

Xeocephus, 336.

xylina (Nephele), 262.

Xylinades, 362.

xylinaria (Meticulodes), 189.

— (Ziridava), 29.

xylochromaria (Meticulodes), 189.

yemenensis (Diacrisia), 235.

yorki (Philemon), 102.

ypsilon (Philenora), 331.

Zamarada, 39.

Zeocephus, 335.

Zeuctophlebia, 272.

Zeuxidia, 308.

ziada (Taenaris), 306.

zincaria (Derambila), 2.

Ziridava, 29.

Zizera, 287,

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