Itc

m^m

^ '^- ^^^

^Ke

<^

«3

^•'^ri:?^^ 5!^ ^

'otz:^: -

\i..c

■ ^■^tJt^-.

(TiZ

i^r^

"^^^

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE.

Vol. IV., 1897.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE

H Journal of Zooloo^

IN CONNECTION WITH THE TRING MUSEUM.

EDITED BY

The Hon. WALTEE EOTHSCHILD,

ERNST HARTERT, and Dk. K. JORDAN.

Vol. IV., 1897.

.:?;''»'.'

Issued at the Zoological Museum, Trino.

PRINTED BY HAZELI., WATSON, & VINEY, Ld., LONDON AND AYLESBURY.

1897.

CONTENTS OF VOLUME IV

MAMMALIA.

PAOE

1. Neumann's Hartebeest (Plato XIV.). Walter Rothschild .... 377

(,SV aho pp. aO.I aii.l 514.)

AVES.

1. Notes on the Localities visited by (). T. Baron in Noithern Peru and on tlie

Trochilidae found there (Plate I.). O. T. Baron ..... 1

2. On some Necessary and some Desirable Changes of Names lately used in

connection with Philippine Birds. Ernst Hartert . . . . .11

3. Notes on Palaearctic Birds and Allied Forms. Ernst Hartert . . .131

4. Notes on Humming-Birds. Ernst Hartert . 148

5. Mr. William Doherty's Bird-Collections from Celeljes. Ernst IIartekt . . 153

G. On Difl'erences between Giildenstiidt's Redstart and its Eastern Ally. Walter

Rothschild ............ 107

7. Description of a New Hill-Wren from Flores. \\'alter Rotuschild . . 1G8

8. On the Figures on Plate II. (Plate II.). Walter Rothschild . . 169

9. Descriptions of Seven New Species of Birds and One New Subspecies from

Flores, and of One New Sub-species from Djampca. Ernst Harteut . 17(1

( vi )

PAGE

1(1. On a Complete Skeleton of Megalaptn-iix teniiipex in the Tring Museum

(Plate VI.). C. W. Andrews 188

11. On the Bii-ds Collected by Mr. Everett on Savu. Ernst IIartert . . . 263

12. On some Meliphagidae and other Birds from New Guinea. Krn'ST Hartert . .309

13. Coviatibis eremita (Linn.), a European Bird (Plates VIH., IX., X.). Walter

RoTHSc-niLD, Ernst IIartert, and O. Kleinschmidt 371

U. On the Birds Collected by Mr. Everett in South Flores. Part I. (Plate III.).

Ernst IIartert ............ 513

15. Various Notes on IIumming-Birds. Erhst Hartert 529

REPTILIA ET AMPHIBIA.

1. Descriptions of New Specie.s of Lizards and of a Troc-Erog from N.E. Queensland

(Plat&s XL, XIL). A. Guntheb 403

2. Further Notes on Gigantic Land Tortoises (Plate XIII. ). Walter Rdtuschild 4o7

COLEOPTEKA.

1. On a New Gatharsiua from Western Australia. John W. Shipp . . . 152

2. TroLs E.speces Nouvelles d'Eucn^mides de la Collection de Tring. E. Fleuitaux 177

3. Die Passaliden dichotomiscb bearbeitet. 2"" Theil. — Die Arten. A. Kuwert. 274

4. Some New Anthribidae. Karl Joedan . . . . . . .170

5. On Three Undescribed Coprophagous Lamellicorns. John W. Shipp . . 185

LEPIDOPTERA.

1. New Genera and Specie.s of Moths from the Old-World Regions. W. Warren 12

2. Descriptions of some New Species and Subspecies of Lejndopiei-a. Walter

Rothschild 179

3. New Genera and Species of Drepanulidae, Thyridid<ie, Epipleniidae, Uraniidae,

and OeomeVridae (Plate V.). W. Warren. . . . . . . 195

4. Some New Species of Heierocera (Plate VII.). Walter Rothschild . . 307

5. Two New Species of Butterflies. H. Grose Smith 313

6. Notes on Ileterocera, with Descriptions of New Genera and Species (Plat« IV.).

Walter Rothschild and Karl Jordan .... . . 314

( vii )

PAQB

7. Desci'iptioiis of Five New Species of L>/caeiiul(ie, captured by Mr. Doherty.

H. Grose Smith 366

8. New Genera and Species of Moths from the Old-World Regions. W. Warren 378

9. New Genera and Species of Thyrididae, Epiplemidae, and Geometridae. W.

Warhen 408

10. On some New Butterflies and Moths. Walter Rothschild .... 507

FOURTEEN P1.ATES.

IJoviTAIiS ^JOI-OGIC-E. VbL.lV.1897

Pl.1.

■.%,..

i.KeuiuiruLra; deletlith.

l.E-ACiLAEACTIS ALICIAE Salvin.

3.FOKMICIVORA SPECIOSA Salvin

Mmter-n Qroe imp.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE.

Vol. IV. APEIL, 1897. No. 1.

NOTES ON THE LOCALITIES VISITED BY 0. T. BARON

IN NORTHEEN PERU AND ON THE TROGHILIDAE

FOUND THERE.

By O. T. baron.

(Plate I.)

SOJME of the localities mentioned in the following notes are referred to in the

first paper on the birds collected by me in Peru, and published by Mr. Salvin

in the second volume of this journal (Nov. Zool. II. pp. 1-22). The rest will be

included in a second paper shortly to appear.

I paid special attention to the humming-birds wherever I was, and the following

observations on them will, I hope, prove of interest.

PACASMAYO.

Pacasmayo, the seaport of Cajamarca, is situated on the beach, so that waves

of exceptional size wash into some of the houses facing the ocean. It is a place

of very little interest, being built upon sand-dunes without vegetation.

This causes a great scarcity of birds in the immediate vicinity of the town.

I saw only a few sparrows and one humming-bird during my stay there. The

humming-bird, Amuzilia leucophaai, was seen feeding from a few flowers, raised

in pots and boxes in the hotel garden.

I remained only one night, and took the weekly train in the morning for the

interior, arriving at Tembladera, 54 km. distant, after a ride of four hours.

TEMBLADERA.

Tembladera is located on a large dry tract near the liver Yonan. Nothing grows

away from the ditches excepting cacti and some desert-bushes. Over the irrigated

parts grow various trees, and rice is the principal cereal in the bottoms.

The large cactus, not unlike one of Arizona, differing, however, from it by having

small pink flowers along the sides of the stems, instead of white ones on the crown

as in the latter, furnishes the source of the principal food oi Rhodopis atacaniensis,

not only while in blossom, but also when the fruit is ripe and partly eaten by ants

or birds.

The flowers are first visited by these humming-birds so early in the morning that

one can hardly distinguish them when feeding. They continue to feed till 9 a.m.,

when the flowers close in the hot sun, to partly open again after 4 p.m.

Hipe fruit exists nearly at all times, and grows to the size of a small apple. It

1

( 2 )

is of a sweetish taste, and sticky, so that when a bird sucks at it, it leaves a long

thread of glittering juice between its bill and the fruit when flying away.

The little Myrmia micrura is also found in this locality, feeding from some

small flowers which grow along the dykes. This bird here breeds in June, and

frequently builds upon its old nest of the previous season. It selects a bush not

over 50 cm. in height, and then places the nest between the top branches.

The Tnale at that season watches the female from a high twig iu the vicinity,

and whistles a note very much like that of Attkis fieloisat of Mexico, tjccasionally

he descends and flies in a vertical semicircle, always making a sound with the tail

when on its downward course. The female sits in a thick bush, and at about the

centre of the circle so made.

Arnazilia leucophaea is also quite common near Tembladera, and also a few

Agyrtria tct^zanmvskii were seen in that locality.

SAN PABLO.

fan Pablo is two days' travel along the river Yonan from Tembladera. The

place has an elevation of 7500 feet, just above the level of barren lands. Above the

town brushwood is seen along the cations, and even trees grow above 9000 feet. I

remained only one day at this place, time enough to recuperate the tired pack-animals.

Several species of humming-birds were seen in this neighbourhood, but few in

numbers. I saw a Diphlofjaena, probably D. aurora, in a deep caiion near the town,

but in spite of all attempts could not get a shot at it.

Of other humming-birds Patagona gigas was the most prominent one. This

species is far more plentiful in Peru than in Ecuador, where I have only obtained

a few after a great deal of work.

Addornyia melanogenys and Aglaeactis cujyreipennis complete the list of

hummers in this locality; the latter were in large numbers above the town. They

are very aggressive birds, and even put the Patagona gigas to flight.

Crossing the range towards Cajamarca, and all along the elevated grassy plains,

were varieties of agaves in blossom. These were visited by Pterophanes temmincki

and (h'eotrochilus stolzmanni.

CAJAJIARCA.

After travelling eleven leagues from San Pablo over the high plains of 11,500 feet

elevation, the road leads downward to Cajamarca.

This principal town of North Peru has about eight thousand inhabitants, and lies

on the eastern slope of the coast range.

On three sides it is surrounded by barren hills, partly cultivated by Indians,

whose huts are always surrounded by cacti. Agaves also form a part of the fences.

Both of the above-mentioned plants were in bloom, as well as other AmaryUidaceae,

and among those I observed on the subsequent day after my arrival a large humming-

bird with long tail at a considerable distance.

I advanced as quickly as circumstances would allow, and although out of breath

and probably a little excited, I had the satisfaction of seeing the bird fall after the

shot. I did not know the bird, and considered it entirely new. It proved to be

Cyanoleahia griseiventria !

The entire morning was spent in searching for more specimens of this species,

but I only obtained one more nude that day. From subsequent observations I

( 3 )

concluded that C. griseiventHs is one of the rarer species of humming-birds. It

lives singly among rocky and inaccessible places and in deep canons. Many times

the collector has to shoot away several Patagona gigas in order to allovp

C. griseiventris to approach certain flowers. During two weeks' stay in Cajamarca I

obtained only eight specimens of this species.

The Mefallura opaca also may be seen around Cajamarca. I found in !May a

nest attached to an adobe house, with two grown young. Generally this bird builds

under the roof of a house or under an overhanging cliff.

On a hunting excursion up a cation which furnishes the water supply of

Cajamarca, I found a nest of Patagona gigas placed on the ground in a little

depression in a bank. The nest must have reared many generations of birds, judging

from its dimensions of 20 cm. diameter and 15 cm. height.

I also found the nest of the same species with j'oung, attached to a branch of :i

cactus.

Arriving at an elevation of 11,000 feet and entering a cave, I noticed a

female Oreotrochilus stolztnanni flying through the entrance. I searched the cave,

and was rewarded by finding a nest with eggs attached to the roof of the same. The

bird manages to stick some wool into a small crevice very tightly, and then builds

from it a hanging nest. Having made this observation, I had no difficulty in finding

other nests.

At the Hacienda Santa Ursula, near Cajamarca, I saw a Patagona gigas fly from

ti large boulder of limestone, which was overgrown with lichen. Suspecting it to be

a female I searched for a nest, the bird coming sometimes within a few feet of my

head. This strengthened my supposition, but I had to give up the search. Next

day I again started the bird from the supposed nest, but did not see the exact place

from whence she flew, and did not find it. I had to use strategy by hiding behind

rocks, and only then was it possible to see the bird retuni to its nest, which was

placed amongst the lichen on a protruding piece of rock, and almost impossible to see

from any part.

SAN IMARCOS.

San Marcos lies about tweh'e leagues from Cajamarca, to which it is connected

by one of the best roads in Northern Peru. It is a small place, but has a considerable

extent of cultivated area in the neighbourhood.

Wood is not so scarce as in Cajamarca ; all creeks and cailons ha\'e plenty of

brushwood. Here I discovered my first specimens of Cyanomyia cyaneicollis feeding

from \he flowers of an agave in company with Petasophora iolata, Patagona gigas,

and Myrtis fanny.

Although the first-named species, the C cyaneicollis, had difficulty in

obtaining food from flowers where the Petasophora also fed, the Myrtis fanny was

entirely overlooked or tolerated, not only by the Petasoplwra, but also by the

Patagona gigas.

After a day's travel, crossing the Cajamarca river and also the river Huamachuco,

I arrived in the Hacienda Malca.

MALCA (CA.IAKAMHA).*

Hacienda i\Ialca lies on a level with the river bottom of the Huamachuco, and

has a temperate climate, where sugar-cane is grown. The hills are covered by low

Ijrushwood and cacti, the cafions with willow and pepperwood.

* TIii> name is given as Malea in .Mr. Salvin".s pajser.

(4 )

Of humming-birds are found AgyHHa taczanowskii, feeding principally from

Amaryllidaceae, and Patagoiui gifjas, with Petasophm-a iolata and MyHia fanny

from the agave. I also shot Cyanoinyia cyaneicoUis near the river.

CAJABAMBA.

About six hours' travel from Malca, mostly up-hill, is Cajabamba, a town of about

four thousand inhabitants. It lies on the western slope of a mountain which has an

elevation of over 12,000 feet. To the westward is the Iluamachuco river, the margins

of which are covered with sugar-cane. The hills are clothed with small brushwood ;

only the caijons contain some small trees.

In the deep cations Diphlogae^ia eva* is found feeding on various flowers,

including the agave. It is a shy bird, and difficult to get, owing to the thickets in

which it flies. Often one may watch a flower an hour or more before one of the birds

nn-ives to feed, and then, after shooting it, it falls into the creek and is carried down

with the rapid-flowing water. Thus manj' specimens are lo.st to the collector.

The Cyanoleshia gnseiventris and AgyHria taczanowskii are also found below

the town. At an elevation of 8000 feet I saw the first Sappho caroli. It proved to

be a very shy bird. In spite of all I could do I could not get a shot that day. It was

the next morning that I was enabled to discover the hiding-pl.ace of the bird, when it

returned from feeding. It sat in a thick bush not over lA feet above the ground.

This, as I have experienced subsequently, is the habit of the species ; in all instances

they return to their cover after feeding, or when persecuted by other humming-birds.

Up the mountain above an elevation of 10,000 feet Lesbia (the species near

vietoriae) is found. It is a noisy bird, and can be heard at a distance when in flight,

chasing another male which happens to get within its feeding ground. The

females keep generally in the brushwood, and are difficult to see. During .lanuary and

February is the pairing season, and the birds are then in their best plumage. Then

one sees the 'male rise high in the air, and come down with spread tail like an arrow,

making a noise like a ribbon exposed to a very strong wind. This is repeated many

times, or till the female has shifted to another bush. It is eWdent that the performance

of the nude is intended to attract the female.

HUAiMACHUCO.

One short day's travel from Cajabamba, passing over a very broken country, partly

cultivated and partly covered with brushwood, brings the traveller to Huamachuco.

It is a small town, and has an elevation of 10,400 feet. Around the town the laud is

mostly barren, but the creeks are lined with small trees, principally' alders. In these

bushes I found Buarremon rvfigenis and B. haroni. They feed principally under

cover, and are only seen when flying from one thicket to another. B. rvfigenis

seems to be rather a rare bird, at least in this locality.

The commonest humming-bird around is Aglaeactis cupreipennis, and a great

many may be seen about a bush common in the ranges of Ecuador and Peru. It is

very much covered with spines, has small leaves and a pink composite flower. The

Metallura Ofiaea is not uncommon in cafions above the town, and is generally to be

seen sitting on a root under the bank of a creek.

Interesting is the Oreotrochilus siolzmanni. It seldom rests on a branch,

jireferring a high boulder from which it commands a good view over its feeding grounds.

Its food is taken from the same composite flower which is sought by A. cnpreipennis,

* Oiphlojaina era Salvin. Bull. B.O.C. No. xlii. p. xxx.

( 5)

and if a bird of that or any other species attempts to feed, it comes down from its

perch and always drives the intruder away. It seems that rights of occupation

are always respected by humming-birds, and intruders must give way.

On such occasions I have seen two obstinate 0. stohmanni fly high in the air,

there get hold of each other with claw and bill, and come down heavily to the

ground, still holding fast, till my gun made an end to the fight, and caused them to

be preserved for future reference.

All Oreotrochili feed while sitting on the flower.

Other humming-birds seen near Huamachuco are : Patwjona gigas, Lesbia

gouldi, Lesbia (the one near victoriue), Metallura smaragdinicollis, and Myrtis

fanny.

CHUSGON (HUAMACHUCO).

The Hacienda of Chusgon is about eight leagues eastwards of Huamachuco,

and has an elevation of about 8700 feet. A considerable amount of cultivated land

belongs to it, all near the river. The hills are covered with brushwood to about

10,000 feet elevation, and above that only grass grows.

In all my travels I have never seen Petasophora iolata more jilentiful than in a

canon, full of blooming sage, in the neighbourhood of the Hacienda. They actually

swarmed there, and did not even permit the strong Patagona gigcos to get a footing

Among them.

If one of them approached, three to four of the P. iolata would immediately set

upon it and drive it out of sight.

The Lesbia gouldi managed to get along by sucking a few flowers and then

dodging quickly into the bush.

From Chusgon a trail leads over a range of mountains, 12,200 feet high, to the

Hacienda Succha, eight leagues to the eastward.

SUCCHA (HUAMACHUCO).*

Succha is a very interesting place for a collector of birds, hawng all climates

within a short range, the Hacienda being nearly in the middle. The elevation of the

place is about 9000 feet, and really is on the slope of the JIarafion gorge.

I made an interesting observation here with Dipldogaena eva in shooting six mule

specimens from one and the same little twig, each several days apart from the other.

The birds chose the position on the twig because they could overlook a pretty large

extent of flowers from that place, and drive away any intruder which happened to

come there. Of com-se the position of the watching bird was known to other birds of

the species, and after I shot the watching one, others would soon find out that the

preserve was free to be taken up, and they chose the same favourite position of the

twig, only to be shot again at my next visit.

Above the Hacienda, and above an elevation of 10.000 feet, I found Aglaeactis

aliciae'\ feeding from parasitic flowers which abound upon alder and other trees.

The flower is orange-red, and grows in clusters like the mistletoe of otlier

countries.

They also feed fi-om a bush, the leaves of which are similar to oleander; the

flower, however, is more like that of the bean, and is white. The seeds are enclosed

in a beanlike pod.

* Suecha instead of Succha in Jlr. Salvin's paper. f I'late I.

( 6 )

The bush grows in high mountains, above 8000 feet elevation, in Ecuador and

Peru.

Chaetocerciis bombus also can be found, at an elevation of 10,000 feet, during

-March, and Patagona gigas descends to 6000 feet west of the Marafion, feeding

from Amaryllidaceae.

VIJJA (HUAMACHUCO).

Going down-hill about four hours from Hacienda Succha we get to the river

Marafion, along which is a nan-ow strip of cultivated land, planted with coca and

>ome fruit-trees. This is called ^'ifla. The banks along the Marafion are completely

barren up to about 7000 feet elevation, and the strip of land along the Marafion is

only fertile because irrigated by a small creek from the mountains.

Agyrtria taczancnuskii seems to claim the exclusive right to feed from the

banana flowers in this place, Cyanomyia cyaneicollis seldom getting an opportunity

to \isit a flower.

I have seen one male specimen of Ghaetocercus hombus ; attracted by my butterfly

net, it came very close to me, the eyes evidently expressing the greatest curiosity.

The bird had a narrow escape from becoming a cabinet specimen.

The small parrot \fhich I discovered, Psittacula xanthops Salv., is not rare in

tliis locality. They fly in flocks, and feed on the seeds of the balsas tree and cactus

seeds.

A large pigeon feeds on the ripe seeds of the coca plant, and gorges itself to such

an extent as to burst its crop when falling from a tree after being shot.

In the morning the crops of the birds were always empty if shot before 8 a.m.

CHEPEN.

Chepen, a small town on the sandy plains irrigated by the Yonan river, is four

hours' distance by rail from Pacasmayo.

Near the ditches and on the river banks can be found large quantities of willows.

The hills are generally barren, but in the depressions grow large mesquits.

Large quantities of parasitic flowers cover the bushes of every kind, and attract

the two species of humming-birds found in this coast region.

Araazilia leucophaea is very numerous and Myrmia ynici'ura is not rare, both

feeding from the same flowers.

It rarely happens that the AmazUia drives away the Mynnia ; the former seems

to ignore the presence of the latter.

The white-winged pigeon (Melopelia meloda,) is rare here, but quite numerous

higher up among the hills along the river Yonan.

I have seen and heard the same bird among the reeds on river and ditch,

travelling towards Truxillo from the mountains.

SANTIAGO.

Leaving Huamachuco and following along the river to its source, thence crossing

a ridge at an elevation of about 12,000 feet, one comes, by descending some 2000 feet,

to a Hacienda called Porcon. The place has about 10,400 feet elevation, and is near

t he town of Sant iago.

The Hacienda has a very cold climate, and iiroduces only potatoes and barley.

The rest is pasture.

( - )

It would be interesting to examine into a local plague or pest of the potato. The

tubers are full of larvae of a beetle while in the ground, and are destroyed by the same

insect when stored. A larva of a moth adds to the destruction of the stored potatoes.

The beetle did not exist in its perfect state during the month of April.

The people credit the hail, which falls quite often, with producing the worms,

and nothing to the contrary will convince them of their error.

Petasophora iolata is the most common of humming-birds here, and Oreotro-

cliUus stolsmanni, Patagona gigas, Metallura opaca, and Lesbin (near victwiae)

are also found.

Here also I observed 0. stolzmanni invariably sitting on rocks instead of on dry

twigs like other humming-birds.

OTUZCO.

Two days' travel from Porcon, over several ridges more than 12,000 feet high, one

comes to Otuzco. The roads are very bad, and during the rainy season quite imjjas-

sable for pack-animals. There is no shelter for the traveller, with the exception of a

rock, in the lee of which the night may be passed, though not without some

discomfort.

Otuzco has an elevation of about 9000 feet, and lies on an inclined ledge of

sandstone, upon which not a tree or bush grows.

A few miles down the road towards Truxillo some little vegetation and brushwood

can be found. The latter is principally found along gulches and creeks.

Along the barren hills, where only a few small flowers could be seen, I found the

first Thauviastura cora. The male bird generally rests upon some dry limb, and can

be seen a long distance away on account of its long whitish tail playing in the wind.

It is a known fact that every humming-bird sits head to the wind, and so it is not

difficult to go in the proper direction for a shot.

During the pairing season the male is often seen with the tail spread so that the

two longest feathers form nearly a straight line, and thus it flutters before the female,

which may be sitting in a small bush. The male also flies, like the Leshiae, high up

in the air, and then comes down swiftly, making a noise with the tail like a ribbon in

a strong wind.

I have found the nest and eggs of this species in the latter part of April. The

nest is built between small twigs near the top of a bush.

Sappho caroli is also to be found in this locality. The retiring habit of this bird

could be better observed here than in Cajabamba. The birds always sit inside a bush,

especially preferring one in or above a ravine. After feeding they always return to

their old place of rest.

Myrtis fanny, Petasophora iolata, and Patagona gigas are the only other

hummers in this locality.

PLATANAR.

Half a day westerly from Otuzco is the Hacienda Platanar. The elevation of the

place is about 4500 feet.

Nothing but barren rocky mountains surround the narrow strip of cultivated

land which lies along both sides of the Tnixillo river.

Bird life is exceedingly scarce — too far inland for coast birds, and no( high enough

for those of the mountains.

( 8 )

Of humming-birds I only saw one nude, Thaumaatura cora, and a number of

Amazilia leucophaea, the latter with nest and two eggs on May 10th, 1895. The

nest was attached below the roof of the main building of the Hacienda. >

TKUXILLO.

One day's travel from the Hacienda Platanar is the largest town of North Peru,

Truxillo, surrounded by a vast sandy plain, mostly cultivated with sugar-cane.

In the interior from Truxillo, at an elevation of about 1700 feet, I found various

birds of interest, far more than at Truxillo itself.

Myrmia micrura was not uncommon at that place, and had mostly young in

their nests on May 15th. Avuizilia leiccophciea, the mo.-it common bird along the

North Peruvian coast, is also well represented here, and also a few female Rhodopis

were seen near the large cacti which grow on the hills near the coast.

CELENDIN.

From Cajamarca eastwards across a ridge of mountains over 12,200 feet elevation,

and after two days' travel without a hut to give shelter for the night, the beautiful

vallevs of Celendin and Vacapampa were reached. The valleys are in a high state of

cultivation for Peru, but the hills around are covered with small brushwood. Very

few species of birds are to be seen in these localities.

I remained here only a few days, long enough to obtain pack-animals to cross the

Maranon to Leimebamba.

From the valley of Vacapampa, 8500 feet elevation, it is necessary to climb a

ridge 1000 feet higher, and thence continue to descend over 6000 feet to the

Maranon. The country passed over is brushy, showing more varied vegetation than

the part gone over to reach the same river at Vina.

Below 6000 feet elevation the brushwood and cacti are covered with landshells,

which are also different from those of Vina. The river is passed at an elevation of

about 2900 feet.

On both banks of the Maranon I found Psittacula xanthops, and shot four

specimens. I saw other birds which belonged to the same species as those shot

at Vina.

Gladly would I have stayed a few days along the banks of the river, but as the

contract had been made to deposit my goods at Leimebamba, no inducement would

be accepted by the arrieros to alter the arrangement.

LEIMEBAIMBA.

On the descent towards Leimebamba, at an elevation of about 10,500 feet, already

in the timber-belt of the Rio Utcubamba (cotton river), I remained nearly fourteen

days. This jiroved to be about the best place to collect birds on my entire voyage,

being within easy distance of the high ground above which no trees grow. It was

necessary for the birds which adapt themselves to woods to remain some time at the

end of their daily upward search for food, and thus they became easy game, or else

I could get shots at them on their return to the lower levels in the evening.

Here I found the new Eriociwmia catharina Salv.* feeding on various parasitic

flowers. It is more of a forest species than Eriociieinis dybowakii, found in openings

on the way to Guayabamba at an elevation of 7300 feet.

* Ji. eatltarina Salvia, Bull. B. 0. C. No. Jtlii. p. xxx.

( 9 )

Diphlogaena iris also flies in this region. I shot several specimens from my

tent while I was busy skinning birds.

Although I searched carefully for Loddirjesia mirnbHis all around my camp, none

were found till after descending to Leimebamba.

The town of Leimebamba is merely a collection of huts, at an elevation of VISoO

feet, having little cultivated land, most being forest. Here I again searched for

Loddigesia mirabilis, and had the satisfaction, after two days' search, to obtain a inale

with the two outer tail-feathers barely developed. Otherwise the bird was in old

plumage, indicating the necessity of waiting a few months more for full-plumaged

specimens.

For the first time in my collecting experience of humming-birds I shot three

adult birds (Adeloniyia inelanogenys) with one shot, two 'males and one female.

Four birds were flying together, evidently one female and three males, when I fired.

Searching carefully I found three birds ; one wMe probably escaped.

LEVANTO.

Levanto is a small town, a mere collection of huts with stone walls, mostly laid

loosely together. It has an elevation of 8800 feet, and is one and a half day's distance

from Leimebamba towards Chachapoyas. It is surrounded by forest, some of it quite

heavy.

In the canons, among thick brushwood, can be found DipJilogaena iris and

Loddiges ia mirabilis.

Heliotrypha viola is not uncommon in the vicinity, feeding from the same

flowers as the D. iris.

Besides the above-named species, the following are also found : Aglaeactis

cupreipennis, Docimastes ensiferus, Lesbia gouldi, My His fanny, Metalliira smarag-

diQiicollis, and Panoplites mattheivsi.

SAN PEDRO.

San Pedro is a little town or village some four or five hours to the south-east from

Leimebamba, and has an elevation of about 8900 feet. The town lies upon a hiU-side,

-cultivated towards the Utcubamba river and wooded to the south and up the liill.

It must have been a very important place during the times of the Incas, which is

indicated by the very large number of burial buildings, still in a pretty good state of

preservation. They are all circular structures of stone, some three metres high and

four metres diameter. All of them are along the ridge of the mountain.

Here I collected the best specimens of Loddigesia mirabilis during December.

Lesbia gouldi is very common in this vicinity, and frequently makes it difficult

for the above species, which is a more retiring bird, to feed from the raspberry

flowers.

CHACHAPOYAS.

Chachapoyas is situated upon an open plain between the rivers Utcubamba and

Ventillas, and has an elevation of about 7800 feet. To the south-east is a ridge of

wooded mountains. Upon the slope of that ridge, about four hours from the town,

are the ruins of a former Hacienda, once the hunting ground of Mr. Stolzmann,

where I also collected some twelve davs.

( 10)

I found, as above stated, only ruins, and was compelled to pitch my tent. It so

happened that the favoured locality for it was very near a thick bush full of flowers.

Hardly was the tent up when I heard the alreadj- familiar sound of the wings of

Loddigesia mirabilis. Immediately other arrangements were left and gun seized.

I saw a beautiful male L. rnirabilis in the bush, too near to shoot. A thought came

to me to save the bird for observation, for which I have never been sorry, although I

may have run the risk of losing so fine a specimen.

Shortly after a. female arrived and rested upon a small limb. Immediately the

vude bird discontinued feeding and flew forward to the female, the tail so spread that

the spatules were protruded in front of his bill. In this position it hovered a short

time, when a young male appeared upon the scene. The adult male discontinued his

performance and sat upon a little branch ; the young hovered before it, flying from

side to side about ten inches, and flipping its two long tail-feathers at every extreme

of its course, producing a sound as if two fine leather belts were flipped together.

The old male soon tired, forced the young to sit down, and then performed in the

same way, but flipping the spatules together above instead of below the tail as the

young one did. At times the adult male would also fly before the female from side

to side, making a noise with the spatules so as to be heard thirty metres off. If the

young returned alone and had nothing to play with, he would attack a dry leaf

furiously, pick at it, and flap the tail for many minutes at a time.

Once two young birds met, one attacking the other. The sitting bird would

watch the flying one, moving its head from side to side, and suddenly slip on the

branch and into a hanging position. The flying bird would still attack it ; yet the

hanging one, although imitating death, had its eyes wide open.

GUAYABAMBA (= HUAYABAMBA).

Guayabamba is the valley along the river of that name, and has several settle-

ments at various elevations. AU is hea\dly wooded, and is a part of the great Amazon

forest. I descended to a place called " Huambo," also the former hunting ground of

Mr. Stolzmann, one corner-post of whose hut was still standing.

The fauna of this place, 4000 feet elevation, is verj' similar to that of Zamora in

Ecuador.

I found it a difficult place to hunt, because the former settlement had been

abandoned and nearly all paths were overgrown.

( 11 )

ON SOME NECESSARY AND SOME DESIRABLE CHANGES

OF NAMES LATELY USED IN CONNECTION WITH

PHILIPPINE BIRDS.

By ERNST HARTERT.

1. Ciiviiyris excellens Grant, Ball. B.O.C. No. XXIII. p. xviii (1895), and lids, 189.'),

p. 2o.'), should stand as Cinnyris fiagrans (Ou.«t.), having been described nearly

twenty years before by Oustalet under the name of Aethopyga jlagrans in the Journ.

de I'Institut, 1876, p. 108, and being excellently figured and described by Shelley in

his admirable monograph of the Nectariniidae. The type of G. fiagrans came from

Laguna, the same place whence E\erett sent a fine series to the Tring Museum (see

Nov. ZooL. II. p. 488).

2. Artamides minda'iiensis Steere is the name still used for a Graucahis with

generallj' pure white under tail-coverts inhabiting Jlindanao, Basilan, and some

other islands, but it must be called Graucahis hochii Kutter, having been clearly

described under that name by Kutter in Ornith. Centralhl. 1882, p. 183. See also

Journ. f. Orn. 1883, p. 308, and 1891, p. 293. One might, of course, use the generic

name Artamides for it, but I do not consider the differences important enough for

generic separation.

3. Alcedo ispida L. from the Philippines would be with more accuracy called

A. ispida bengalensis, only the small Eastern subspecies of our kingfisher occun-ing

there.

4. Macropte'i'yx coniata would be better called M. comata tnajor Hart., all

Philippine birds having very long wings (Nov. ZooL. II. p. 473).

5. In Ibis, 1896, p. 554, Grant has declared that " Munia brunneicepjs is merely

the wora autumn plumage of M. jagori." With this sentence he evidently means to

say that the birds of Celebes, North Borneo, and the Philippines all belong to the

same species, in which he is doubtless right. It seems, however, still a question

whether the Celebes birds are not in the main slightly different after all, thus being

subsjiecifically separable. In any case Grant has, I think, pointed out the true

relationship of the so-called M. brunneicepjs, and it may be further considered whether

M. jagori is more than subspecifically different from M. atricapnlla.

( 1-^ )

NEW GENEEA AND SPECIES OF MOTHS FEOM THE

OLD-WOELD EEGIONS IN THE TEING MUSEUM.

By W. WAKREN, M.A., F.E.S.

Family DREPANULIDAE.

1. Albara gracillima sp. nov.

Foreivings : pale silky straw-colour, tinged with pale brownish towards costa and

apex; the costa yellow; the two lines brown, situated exactly as in A. lilacina

Moore ; fringe brown, straw-colour towards anal angle ; no discocellular mark

visible.

Hindiviiigs: still paler; a brownish postmedian line only visible on inner

margin.

Underside like upjJer. Face, palpi, and vertex dark brown ; collar ferruginous ;

thorax and abdomen pale straw-colour.

Expanse of wings : 27 mm.

One S from the Khasias.

2. Albara opalesceus sp. nov.

c? . Foreivings : pale or dark mouse-colour ; the costa burnished brown towards apex ;

lines dark chocolate-brown; first line curved and wavy, verj' indistinct ; exterior line

from costa at two-thirds, outwardly oblique and indistinct to near hindmargin, then

acutely angled and running nearly straight and thickening to inner margin beyond

middle ; apex dark ; an oblique dark line from the apex all but touches the exterior

line at its angle, and is continued as a very faint dark line outside it to inner

margin and as a series of dark dots on the veins parallel to hindmargin ; fringe dark

brown, with the basal line burnished brown; cell-spot very indistinct ; at the lower

end of the discocellular is a pale yellow trifid spot.

Hindioinga : with costal area pale, the dark oblique line median ; faint traces

of a denticulated submarginal line ; fringe as in forewings.

Head, thorax, and abdomen concolorous ; face and antennae dark brown.

Underside opalescent grey, unmarked.

Expanse of wings : 34 mm.

Several <S <S from the Khasias.

Nearest to A. reversaria Wlk., from Borneo, which has a burnished blotch in

the angulation of the outer line.

3. Ausaris fulvilauta sp. nov.

ForeiviTigs : yellow, washed with fulvou.s-orange, the whole surface sprinkled

with shining silvery scales, not massed, a? in argeMeola Moore and other species,

along the veins; a straight slightly fulvous line from near apex to inner margin

at three-fourths ; fringe fulvous, with a basal line of silvery scales.

Hinchvinga : the same, the costal area paler.

Underside wholly fulvous, without any markings. Head, thorax, and abdomen

all orange-fulvous.

( 13 )

Expanse of wings : 40 mm.

One ? from Sandakan, March 1891.

Distinguished from the aUied species by the orange-fulvous coloration.

Walker's generic name Ausm-is (Wlk., Cat. XXVI. p. 1632. 1862), the type of

which, scintillata, is very close to, if not identical with, arrjenteola Moore, must

supersede Felder's Callidrepana, which dates from 1867 only.

4. Auzata simpliciata sp. nov.

Forewings: white, very thinly scaled; costal edge ochreous white; the lines

exceedingly faint, formed by sparse blackish scales ; first vertical, beyond one-third,

projecting outwards on the median vein, preceded by a fainter line ; second at two-

thirds, excurved beyond cell to inner margin near first line, followed by a fainter

line containing a dark blotch and dot on vein 4, and a black dot on each vein below

and above it ; a strongly dentate but very obscure submarginal line ; fringe white.

Hindwings : the same, but the lines single, and no black blotch beyond the

second.

Underside iridescent white ; costa of forewings fuscous towards base. Face and

forelegs brown ; antennae ochreous ; thorax and abdomen white.

E.xpanse of wings ; 32 mm.

One c? from the Khasias, May 1896.

5. Cobanilla cardinalis sp. nov.

Fm^eivings : deep brick-red, with some deeper red and, towards the hindmargiu,

blackish strigae ; an obscurely darker postmedian line, angulated beyond the cell ;

a sinuate blackish cell-mark with grey centre ; fringe red.

Hindivings : red, with a black grey-centred spot at each end of the discocellular.

Underside paler and duller ; the margins suffused with grey ; the strigulae

blackish ; both discocellulars blackish ; the line of forewings hardly marked. Lee's

bright red ; face dark brown ; thorax red ; abdomen pale grey, flushed with red above.

Expanse of wings : 26 mm.

One S from Penungah, N. Borneo, December 1893 (Cator leg.).

6. Cobanilla hepaticata sp. nov.

Forewings : pale liver-colour, with some sparse brown strigulae ; costa with

a somewhat diffuse brown triangular Ijlotch at middle, followed by a patch of pale

grey scales reticulated with brown ; one or two brown spots near anal angle ; the

lines indistinct ; first starting from inner edge of the triangular patch, incurved in

middle, to inner margin at one-third ; outer line from outer edge of patch, bent out

along vein 6, sharply angled towards hindmargin, then nearh' straight to inner

margin before the anal angle ; fringe darker, with slight projecting scales at the

veins ; discocellular marked by pale grey scales.

Hindwings : with scattered blackish dots, and a minute whitish cell-spot.

Underside paler, without markings. Face and vertex dark brown ; thorax and

abdomen pinkish grey.

Expanse of wings : 26 mm.

One (? from Sandakan, April 1894 (Cator leg.).

( 14)

Cyclura gen. no v.

Foreivings : with costa strongly curved throughout ; apex blunt ; hindmargin

slightly incurved to vein 3, then oblique.

Himhohigs : with apex rounded ; hindmargin rounded to beyond vein 3 ; inner

margin shortened, the anal angle truncate, with a semicircular excision before vein 3.

Tongue and frenulum both absent ; palpi short ; antennae flattened and

compressed ; hind tibiae with terminal pair of spurs.

NewraMon : forewings, cell more than half as long as wing ; discoeellular nearly

vertical, slightly incurved; vein 11 free; 10 and 9 stalked; 7 and 8 stalked;

9 becoming coincident with 8.

Type : Cyclura excisa sp. nov.

7. Cyclura excisa sp. nov.

Foreivings : rufous fawn-colour, with a few brown striae; the lines dark brown; first

from costa shortly before middle, acutely angled close to costa, then oblique to near

base of inner margin ; second from just beyond middle, running obliquely outwards,

with two bright brown velvety blotches on it, acutely angled outwards and incurved

to near middle of inner margin ; a minute white cell-dot.

Hindwings: with costal area whitish; a fine slightly curved central brown line,

with a dark brown cloud beyond it.

Underside pale pinkish grey, flushed with reddish in the middle towards hind-

margin of each wing. Face, thorax, and base of abdomen reddish ; rest of abdomen

pale silky ochreous.

Expanse of wings : 26 mm.

One S from Penungah, N.E. Borneo, December 1893 (Cat or leg.).

Dipriodonta gen. nov.

Forevnngs : with costa arched throughout and rough-scaled; hindmargin

obliquely curved ; anal angle obtuse.

Hindwings : with apex and hindmargin rounded ; anal angle square.

Palpi short, porrect. Antennae of tj flattened laterally, uniserrate below ; the

teeth broad, close together, and curved; above appearing rasped, with short sharp

teeth.

Newration : forewings, 10 and 11 stalked, 11 from the areole ; 10 anastomosing

with 8, 9, to form the areole ; 6 and 7 both from the areole. Scaling thin ; forewings

in disc with oval hyaline patches. Frenulum and tongue both present.

Tj'pe : Dipi'iodonta sericea sp. nov.

8. Dipriodonta sericea sp. nov.

Fwewings : silky white ; two very faint brown lines near base, strongly curved

in cell ; a waved brown line from costa before middle to inner margin before

middle, distinct below the median ; a similar outer line from two-thirds of costa

to three-fourths of inner margin, strongly excurved in middle ; a brown shade on

costa beyond it, approximating to outer line, and forming two dark lunules and dots

between veins 2 and 4, and a dot on inner margin ; a grey marginal shade rising from

two black subapical dots ; some black specks at apex ; a black spot at base of dis-

coeellular, and a minute black dot on inner margin close to base ; lower half of cell

( 15 )

tind space between median vein and subniedian fold as far as outer line semihyaline ;

fringe white, with a few dark scales along the white basal line.

Hindivings : with a faint median line, double grey postmedian, the outer arm

marked with black dots on veins, and single cvu^ved submarginal line ; a minute

black dot at lower end of cell.

Underside silky white, with costal area of forewings for three-fourths broadly

smoky black. Face, vertex, thorax, and abdomen all white.

Expanse of wings : 21 mm.

Three examples from the Khasias, June 1896.

9. Drepana forata sp. nov.

Forewings: fulvous-yellow, becoming fulvous-brown towards hindmargin ; outer

line from costa at three-fourths, sharply angulated towards hindmargin, then oblique

to inner margin at two-thirds, dark brown in its upper part, becoming orange-

red below ; traces of a curved orange median line at costa ; the outer line is pre-

ceded by fom- hyaline spots, the two upper and the lowest small, the other larger,

between veins 2 and 3 ; a small hyaline cell-spot ; fringe concolorous with hind-

margin.

Hindtmnrjs : with an orange-red median line.

Underside dull yellow ; the hindmargin of forewings orange-red. Face orange-

red ; thorax and abdomen like wings.

Expanse of wings : 24 mm.

One t? from Madagascar.

10. Euchera (?) nana sp. nov.

Foreivings : bronzy brown, with pale lilac-grey acutely angled transverse lines ;

two at base, two at about one-third, the outer one running out to midwing, there

acutely angled, and irregularly wavy and dentate inwards ; a fifth beyond middle,

angulated beyond cell, and straight and oblique to inner margin just beyond middle ;

two more from apex, parallel to the lower part of the fifth to inner margin before anal

angle, the last followed by a purplish blotch with white scales ; some dull purplish

blotches along hindmargin ; fringe purplish, with the apex white.

Hindivings : more purplish, with six or seven wavy pale lines, the outermost

dentate, none of them reaching the costa ; a marginal pale line with dark dots on it;

fringe as in forewings.

Underside bronzy grey ; hindmarginal area of forewings gilded bronzy. Face

and palpi dark purple ; thorax and abdomen like wings .

Expanse of wings : 32 mm.

One (?, one ? , from Japan.

The antennae are shortly unipectinate.

11. Euchera sericea sp. nov.

Foreivings: sUky white; resembling pitmani Moore, but with a broad grey

central fascia, followed by a curved line ; the submarginal series of spots more

incurved at costa.

( Ki )

Hindwings : with the central line of lunate six)ts straight, not sinuate; the sub-

marginal line of blotches with two large horseshoe-shaped marks between veins 2 and

3, and 3 and 4.

Expanse of wings : 84 mm.

One i from Kina Balu, North Borneo.

12. Oreta bicolor sp. nov.

Forewings: greyish brown, with fuscous irroration towards costa in the outer

half of wing ; the veins paler ; a red and yellow oblique streak from inner margin

beyond middle, slightly curved into apes ; marginal area with a few dark specks ;

inner margin slightly paler; fringe concolorous.

Hindwings: with costa ochreous, merging into reddish; the rest of wing

brown ; traces of submarginal lines of dark specks ; cell-marks of both wings angular.

Underside deep red, the lines blackish ; forewings with inner margin whitish.

Face, vertex, pectus, and legs brilliant red ; antennae ferruginous ; thorax in front

lilac-grey ; rest of thorax and abdomen brown ; sides of abdomen bright red.

Expanse of wings : 44 mm.

One ? from Gunong Ijau, Malay Peninsula.

13. Oreta contracta sp. nov.

Foreioings : greyish olive, mingled with bright brick-red, and speckled with

fuscous and black scales ; an obscure diffuse median shade ; some irregular black

scales before hindmargin, massed towards anal angle into a double blotch, preceded

by a scarcely perceptible grey line, starting from a dark costal spot at three-fourths^

bent on vein 6, and straight below it ; fringe red, mixed towards anal angle with

brown-black ; a black spot on discocellular at the angulation, and a smaller one at

the lower end (these are absent in the <?, perhaps accidentallv).

Hindimngs : deep red, with irregularly scattered black scales.

Underside duller red mixed with blackish, and with coarse black sjieekles ; a

brown nearly straight outer line, plainer than above. Face, palpi, legs, and vertex

bright red ; thorax dark brown ; patagia and abdomen reddish grey.

Ex])anse of wings : S , 28 mm. ; ? , 30 mm.

A pair from Warri, Niger C. P., February 1896 (Dr. Both).

The forewings have an angle in the hindmargin between veins 3 and 4, with an

excavation above and below it ; inner margin of hindwings lengthened, especially in

ihe c? ; hindmargin straight.

14. Phalacra multilineata sp. nov.

Foreivings : ochreous, sufl'used and dusted with greyish brown; first line black-

brown, obUque from the costa and double, then obliquely dentate inwards to inner

margin near base; discal mark oblique, blackish; outer line at two-thirds, brown,

minutely crenulate, parallel to hindmargin, forming a brown patch on inner margin,

where it approximates to a central line which is very indistinct in its upper cour.se;

submarginal line parallel to outer line, marked by dark dots on veins ; space between

the two paler, forming a whitish blotch on inner margin ; a .subterminal jnterrupted

line formed of wedge-shaped black and white marks ; a dark brown blotch at anal

angle; fringe chequered pale and dark ochreous; all the lines start from brown

costal blotches.

( 17 )

Hindivings : more or less sufifused with dark brown ; basal area ochreous, with

three or four wavy darker lines ; marginal line crenulate and zigzag, slender, bluish

white, preceded by four parallel straight lines, which are absent in vidhisaria Guen.

Underside ochreous, with the markings brown. Face dark brown ; thorax and

abdomen ochreous, the latter tinged with grey.

Expanse of wings : 32 mm.

Several from the Khasias.

Strepsigonia gen. nov.

S. Forewings : with costa slightly curved near base, then straight, and strongly

arched before apex ; apex falcate ; hindmargin angled at vein 3, concave above and

sinuous below.

Hindwings : with apex rounded, the inner margin prolonged; hindmargin

nearly straight, but with a slight elbow at vein 3 ; antennae of S bipectinate to

apex; palpi short; mid and hind tibiae with a terminal pair of spurs.

Neuratimi: forewings, cell more than half as long as wing; discocellular

strongly inangulated ; first median at three-fifths, second at four-fifths, third from

end ; lower radial from just above end ; veins 6, 7, 8 stalked ; 9, 10, 11 stalked ; 6 and

11 shortly separating; 7 at three-fourths of areole, which is long; 10 from just before

apex of areole ; 8 and 9 anastomosing to form the areole.

Type : Strepsigonia nigrimaeulata sp. nov.

15. Strepsigonia aflBnis sp. nov.

Forewings : pinkish ochreous, with grey suffusion ; two black spots on disco-

cellular, as in T. quadripimctata Wlk. ; a ferruginous wavy line, nearly vertical,

before middle ; a strongly dentate line at middle of costa, running out from veins

3 to 5 and inwards again to middle of inner margin ; the included space pale rufous ;

submarginal line pale, lunulate, with dark grey shading on either side, and a dark

.spot between veins 6 and 7 ; fringe fuscous, with a broad pale line at base.

Hindwings: the same.

Underside shining ochreous, with a brown submarginal line on both wings,

angulated on forewings; basal half of the latter suffused with rufous. Head, thorax,

and abdomen concolorous with wings.

Expanse of wings : 27 mm.

One ? from Padang Rengas, Malaj' Peninsula.

The hindwings are decidedly angulated at vein 3 ; and the neuration differs

fj'om that of S. nigrimaeulata : vein 11 rises from middle of areole; 8, 9, 10 all

close to costal margin. The antennae are shortly pectinated.

IC. Strepsigonia nigrimaeulata sp. nov.

Forewings : reddish grey, with darker grey markings ; the lines indistinct ; first

at one-fourth, very obscure ; second and third close together in middle of wing,

irregularly curved and dentate, the space between them slightly darker, especially

on co.sta ; two black dots on discocellular; submarginal line lunulate and dentate,

preceded by a darker shade, and with a dark grey blotch above vein 6 towards apex ;

marginal area narrowly greyish ; fringe above the angle dark fuscous, with a lighter

mark at ends of veins ; below the angle reddish grey.

Hindwings: with costal area pale pinkish ochreous, without darker dusting;

( 18 )

central fascia fomiing an oblong blackish blotch on inner margin, its outer edge

denticulate, passing outside a small black dot at lower end of discocellulav ; hind-

marginal area tinged with dark grey ; fringe pinkish grey.

Underside glossy, vinous ; the outer line blackish and strongly expressed, angu-

lated in forewings, curved and sinuous on hindwings. Face dark red ; thorax and

abdomen pale pinkish grey.

Expanse of wings : 26 mm.

One (S from Gunong Ijau, Perak.

Distinguished from Tridrepana quad/ripunctaia \\'lk. and its allies b^' the

angulation of the wings.

17. Teldenia fulvilunata sp. nov.

Foreicings : white; outer line at three-fourths, brownish grey, irregulai'ly bent

and forming a rectangular projection outwards between veins 3 and 4, then strongly

incurved to inner margin at two-thirds, preceded by a row of fulvous lunules, black-

edged internalh', except opposite the cell, where there are two black dots ; the

lowest lunule on the inner margin wholly black ; submarginal line fuscous, oblique

outwards, and evenly waved to vein 3, then running in and nearly touching the

outer line, thence irregularly waved to anal angle; a marginal row of distinct black

dots ; fringe white.

Hindwings : the same, but the lunules smaller, the space opposite the cell also

containing one ; a black spot on inner margin at end of outer line.

Underside white ; costa of forewings fuscous at base.

Face red-brown, narrowly white below vertex ; thorax and abdomen snow-white.

Expanse of wings : 24 mm.

One (S from S. Celebes, September 1891 (W. Doherty).

18. Tridrepana diluta sp. nov.

Like T. quadripunctata Wlk., but larger and more faintly marked on lioth

surfaces.

Expanse of wings : (J, 36 mm. ; ? , 38 mm.

Khasia Hills.

Walker's type of quadripunctata, a <S expanding 22 mm., from Sarawak, is

<lecidedly smaller and darker than the large Indian form ; but the smaller form does

occur in the Khasias, as well as the larger ; and the two forms may prove to be

seasonal. In Faun. Brit. Ind. Moths, I. p. 341, Hampi^on gives 26 mm. as the

size of the S, and 38 mm. for the ? : the latter evidently belongs to the form

diluta ; his description agi-ees with the smaller.

I'J. Tridrepana subobliqua sj). nov.

Forewings paler ochreous than in T. dilida Warr., with faint rufous dusting;

the lines darker, the exterior blackish. Markings aliove as in diluta. On the

underside of the forewings the exterior line is thick and black, and runs from the

submedian fold straight into the apex, whereas in diluta the line, which is much

fainter, is angulated on vein 6 and retracted to the costa ; in the hindwings the outer

line is as strongly marked as in the forewings.

One i from i?. Java, 1891 (Fruhstorfer).

The single siieeimen is intermediate in point of size between T. (lihda Warr.

and T. quadripunctata Wlk.

( 19 )

Trotothyris gen. iiov.

Forewinijs : with costa strongly shouldered at base, slightly sinuate beyond ; apex

minutely produced ; hindniaigin vertical from just below apex to vein 3, where it is

bluntly elbowed and excised to anal angle.

Hinchvings : narrow, with the projection at vein 3 broader, the excision below

as in forewings.

Antennae (?) simple; tongue present; frenulum ab.sent ; palpi short, applied

to face ; hind tibiae with four spurs ; the legs smoothly scaled.

Neuration : forewings, cell not half as long as wing ; discocellular very oblique ;

veins 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked; 11 anastomosing with stalk of 8, 9, 10, forming a long

areole.

Type : Trotothyris ahnoriualis sp. nov.

lio. Trotothyris abnormalis sp. nov.

Foreivmr/s : pale pinkish fawn-colour; the costal and subcostal veins marked

with silvery scales ; a large hyaline spot beyond cell, edged with black and externally

again with ferruginous, with a small hyaline dot at its base ; outer line from costa

above the hyaline patch, forming the edge of the ferruginous border, and below the

middle straight and oblique to inner margin at two-thirds, where it is edged with a

pale lustrous line ; a wavy darker submarginal line, becoming dark brown towards

anal angle, and followed by a feri'uginous patch at the elbow ; fringe dark brown ; there

are traces of three or four curved and wavy lines before the hyaline patch"; a minute

black cell-dot.

Hindivin.fjs : with costal area pale; a dark diffuse pale-edged central line, and

traces of a submarginal line from apex to elbow, which is ferruginous ; fiinge blackish ;

a dark spot below median vein near base.

Underside pearly ochreous, with a pinkish tinge ; marginal area fawn-colour.

Face dark lirown ; vertex, thorax, and liase of abdomen concolorous with wings ;

rest of abdomen pale grey.

Expanse of wings : 28 mm.

One ? from Peuungah, December 1893 ff'ator /e^/.).

Family THYRIDIDAE.

-M. Addea rectisecta sp. nov.

Foi'eivings : ochreous, with numerous olalique pale brown tesselated fasciae which

become confluent in the costal area and form a brown subcostal streak ; an annular

cell-spot, externally dark-edged, followed by three blackish dashes above vein .i ;

on the submedian fold towards the base are two or three more dark dashes ; fringe

pale, with the base broadly pale brown.

Hindim.iujs : with six straight brown fasciae parallel to hindmargin, the third

the darkest, the sixth narrow.

Underside similar. Face, palpi, and collar pale brown ; thorax and abdomen

pale ochreous mixed with pale brown ; the abdomen with a dark ring in middle,

corresponding with the dark third fa.scia of the hindwings.

Expanse of wings : 16 mm.

One 6 from Amboina, February 189:^ (W. Doherty).

Distinguished by the straight-cut hindmai-gin of hindwings.

( 20 )

22. Bauisia praeusta sp, uov.

Fm'&unngs : glossy greyish ochreous, slightly reticulated with darker; traversed

hv dull rufous grey darker-edged bands ; one at base ; a second just beyond, bent

below middle ; the third before middle of wing, broader on costa and inner margin,

its outer edge bent on the median; foiu-th beyond the middle, bifurcate below the

middle of wing, followed by a curved black-brown streak with ferruginous edges

running to hindmargin below the middle ; a short subapical brown streak ; fringe

glossy greyish fuscous, with a dark dividing line, the basal portion darker, the apical

mottled, dark and light.

Hinduinga : with basal, bifurcate median, and broad ferruginous-tinged sub-

marginal fasciae.

Underside with the fasciae pale coppery brown, with the edges interruptedly

darker. P^ace, palpi, and antennae bright ferruginous ; vertex, thorax, and abdomen

glossy ochreous grey.

Expanse of wings : 36 mm.

One ? from Batchian, May 1892 (W. Doherty).

23. Banisia bifimbriata sp. nov.

Forevnngs : rufous ochreous, reticulated with brown; the markings chestnut;

costa broadly chestnut, suffused with grey ; a vertical brown line near base ; a narrow

antemedian chestnut fascia, edged with brown ; a broader inwardly bent chestnut

fascia beyond middle containing the dark cell-spot ; a submarginal fascia, interrupted

in the middle ; an irregular blackish spot near middle of hindmargin ; fringe broad,

bright chestnut, with a black median line.

Hindwings : paler, strigulated with dark hrown-black, with two blackish spots

above anal angle ; fringe as in forewings, but the dinding line hardly darker.

Underside coppery ochreous, with dark strigulations. Head, thorax, and end

of abdomen dark chestnut ; rest of abdomen paler, the basal segment ringed with

black.

Expan.se of wings : 29 mm.

One S from the Khasias, May 1896.

24. Banisia seriata sp. nov.

Forewings : ochreous, suffused with greyi.sh rufous, and with a few obscure

transverse striae ; a curved fascia ju.st beyond middle, most distinct towards inner

margin, where it is filled up with grey and extended basewards ; an obscure sul>

marginal fascia, in places tinged with grej'.

Hindivings : with two grey bands, one central, the other submarginal ; the

paler spaces traversed by thinner rufous bands.

Underside with the ground-colom- paler and all the markings nmch brighter ;

an angulated white mark on the discocellulars, with brown suffusion on each side

and a black spot at the base. Head, thorax, and abdomen rufous ochreous."

Expanse of wings : 26 mm.

One ? from Dar-es-Salaam, German East Africa.

( al )

Family URANIIDAE.

2.5. Acropteris costinigrata ^-p- nov.

Forev/incjs : white ; tlie costa marked with distinct black spots at base, which

become broader and doubled towards apex ; markings much as in atriataria CI. ;

a straight diffuse shade from one-third of inner margin towards apex, a double line

from just beyond middle, and a submarginal line of strigulae, all meeting below apex ;

costal half of wing above the first diffuse line suffused with grey strigulations except

on basal half of costa ; fringe grey, with a darker basal line.

Hindwhigs: with an obscure basal, broad central, and narrower submarginal band

of grey strigulations, the last, followed by scattered strigulae ; fringe grey, the basal

line darker and slightly thickened at the veins ; a single small blackish dot in the

tooth.

Underside white ; the ccsta of forewings spotted with black. Head, thorax, and

abdomen white ; the face black.

Expanse of wings : 38 mm.

One S from the Gold Coast, West Africa.

26. Acropteris insticta sp. no v.

Forewings : dull whitish, with a broad diffuse oblique fuscous shade from one-

third of inner margin, a narrower shade from two-thirds, and a still narrower

submarginal one meeting below apex ; costa with fine dark strigulae, which are

produced as far as the oblique shade ; beyond the submarginal line is a series of

strigae vertical to the veins ; fringe white, with fine blackish basal line.

Bind-wmgs : with a double basal, suffused broad central, and narrow somewhat

broken submarginal fascia, the last united to the margin by irregular strigulae ;

fringe white, with black basal line ; no spot whatever in the tooth.

Underside grey, paler towards apex of forewings. Face black ; thorax and

abdomen whitish.

?]spanse of wings : 32 mm.

One (J from Madagascar.

In the hindwings the hindmargin is convex above the angle, and slightly

concave below it.

27. Acropteris nigrisquama sp. uov.

Formvings : white, the markings very much the same as in striataria CI. ; the

scales at base of forewings beneath black, and showing through a hyaline spot as a

dark mark on the upperside ; hindmargin slightly concave.

Hindwings : without a distinct black spot at the tail.

Expanse of wings : 36 mm.

One (J from Akassa, K. Xiger.

28. Acropteris reticulata sp. nov.

Fm-ewings : dull white ; the costa with fine fuscous strigulae ; the whole wing

covered with transverse partially reticulated striae; an indistinct double grey line of

striae from inner margin beyond middle towards anal angle ; fringe white, with an

ochreous basal line.

( 22 )

Hindidngs: with the striae tending to arrange themselves in cross lines; a

small black dot in the angle.

Underside pin-e white ; thorax and abdomen white.

Expanse of wings : 30 mm.

One (J from Tenimber, June 1892 (Doherty).

Aploschema gen. nov.

Fweimrngs: with costa curved from base to apes ; hindmargin curved.

Hindtuinffs : ^vith a short sharp tail at \ein 4 ; apex and anal angle rectangular ;

hindmargin faintly sinuous on either side of the tail.

Antennae of ^ lamellate, subdentate ; hind tibiae of S wifh three spurs, as in

Micronia.

Neuration: alike in both sexes. Forewings, cell one-third of wing ; discocellular

straight ; first median at two-thirds, second close to, third from, end of cell ; lower

radial from a little above the middle of discocellular; 6 and 7 stalked; 8, 9, 10

stalked; 11 free. Hindwings with 6 and 7 short-stalked ; 3 and 4 from end of cell.

Type : Aploschema angidatari" Fab.

Dissoprumna gen. nov.

Foreii'ings : with costa arched throughout; apex blunt ; hindmargin curved.

HindtvinrjR : with a tooth at vein 4 ; the hindmargin above it sinuous, below it

straight ; the anal angle lobed.

Antennae flattened, lamellate; legs short ; hind tibiae of J with four spurs.

Neuration : alike in the two sexes. Forewings, cell one-third of wing ; discocellu-

lar vertical ; first median not far before end of cell ; second and third stalked from

end ; lower radial from centre of discocellular ; fi and 7 long-stalked ; 8, 9, 10 stalked ;

11 and 12 stalked. Hindwings with lioth subcostals and la.st two medians stalked.

Type : Dissoprumna eryainarin (fuen.

29. Micronia fuscifimbria sp. nov.

Forevnngs : white, with sparse ochreous striae, the costa very faintly dotted with

fuscous; median and outer ochreous parallel lines ; inner line obsolete; fringe ferru-

ginous ochreous, the base darker, and with minute darker dots at end of veins.

Hviulivincis : with broad ochreous median line curved into inner margin above

anal angle ; curved and denticulated ochreous submarginal line ; some ochreous striae

before hindmargin ; fringe as in forewings, with a minute black dot at the base of

the tooth, and a large black spot before it.

Underside wholly white. Face and palpi dark brown ; thorax and abdomen

white.

Expanse of wings : 40 mm.

Three examples from the Tenimber Islands, .Inly 1892 (\V. Doherty).

30. Micronia pluviosa sp. nov.

6. Forewiiv/s : white, with dark grey transverse lines and strignlations, becom-

ing blackish along costa; the strignlations, which are really thick streaks, are all

somewhat oblique outwards, while the three lines, which are smoky grey, are jiarallel

( 23 )

to the Liiidmargin, the second and third appearing furcate towards costa ; fringe

white, with dark gre)' basal line, thickened above and marked with grey blotches

between the veins.

Hindwiiigs : with inner margin broadly grey and with three grey streaks, one

from near base of costa towards anal angle, the second from middle of costa to half-

way between anal angle and tooth ; the third from before apex, slightly curved and

denticulate, joining the second before hindmargiu ; the black marginal line swollen

above the tooth into black spots at end of veins; a black dash in tooth, a large black

spot before it and another on vein 3.

Underside uniform grey. Face and palpi black ; vertex white ; thorax dark grey ;

abdomen white, grey-tinged.

Expanse of wings : J, 58 mm. ; ? , 02 mm.

The ? is paler, less densely strigulated ; the underside of forewings with the

margins white ; of hindwings wholly white, except the costa.

The (J agrees with M. sinuosa in haxing the hindmargiu of forewings indented

below apex and above anal angle, the submedian vein of forewings sinuous. In the ?

the hindmargiu of forewings is indented only below apex, the rest being slightly

convex.

One f? from Penungah, December 1893 ; one ? from Kina Balu, North Borneo.

31. Micronia sinuosa sp. nov.

Foreiviwjs : dull white, covered with thick greyish ochreous strigulations ; two

oblique greyish ochreous streaks parallel to hindmargiu, from inner margin beyond

middle and at four-fifths, the first thicker, especially on the inner margin, both

becoming obsolete before costa ; fringe white, with a concise brown-black line at base ;

hindmargin shortly indented just below apex, and more broadly above anal angle.

Hindwings : with a cm-ved central and curved and denticulate submarginal

ochreous shade ; some more uniform ochreous strigulae befoi-e hindmargin ; fringe

ochreous white ; the basal black line much swollen opposite the veins above the tooth,

less so below it ; a black dash in the tooth and a large black spot before it ; an

additional, but smaller, black spot on vein 3 before the margin.

Underside uniform dark grey ; fringe of forewings white, of hindwings greyer.

Face and palpi black ; thorax and abdomen white.

Expanse of wings : 54 mm.

One S from Palawan.

Differs from M. acideata in the neuration : veins 2, 3, 4 of forewings are not dis-

torted, but vein 1 is strongly sinuate.

32. Pseudomicronia unimacula sp. uo\.

Foreivings : white, the costa minutely strigulated with black ; the transverse

lines very pale ochreous, indistinct ; these are six in number, and are arranged

much as in Strophidia fasciata, each partially double and forking towards costa, the

outside one being a fine single line parallel to hindmargin ; fringe white, with a faint

basal line.

Hindwim/s : with four oblique ochreous fasciae and two lines of striae along

hindmargin, curving into anal angle ; tooth with one large black spot ; marginal line

slightly swollen at the veins.

( 24 )

UDderside pure white. Face, thorax, and abdomen all white.

Expanse of wings : 32 mm.

Two (?(?,! ?, from Dili, Portuguese Timor, .^lay 1892 (Doherty).

33. Stesichora angulilinea ^ip. nov.

Forewinga ; white, with ochreous strigulation ; costa finely marked with blackish ;

an upright ochreous line from inner margin at two-thirds, slightly curved above and

not reaching costa ; a fainter line, formed of striae, half-way between it and the

margin ; fringe rufous, with a dark fine line at base.

Hinditnngs : with the two lines equally distinct, angled and denticulate in the

middle ; some fine straight rufous strigae before hindmargin ; fringe rufous, with

shallow black lunules at end of veins ; a black dash in the tail and a black spot

before it.

Underside white. Face and palpi black ; thorax and abdomen white.

Expanse of wings : 48 mm.

Many of both sexes from Dili, Portuguese Timor, May 1892 (Doherty).

34. Stesichora combinata sp. nov.

Foremngs : white ; basal half of costa with numerous oblique short dark striae ;

apex with a double blackish blotch ; two very pale brown oblique lines from inner

margin, which become obsolete before the ajiex ; fringe white.

HindwiTigs : with two straight lines, the outer one greyer, and a short basal line.

Underside of forewings slightly tinged with grey ; the apex smoky grey ; of

hindwings white. Face and palpi black ; thorax and abdomen white.

Expanse of wings : 32 mm.

One cJ from Constantinhafen, German New Guinea.

35. Stesichora nivea sp. nov.

Foreivings : white; three black dots near base of costa and one at apex;

marginal line and fringe pure white.

Hindwings : with fringes wholly white, without a speck of black.

Underside all white. Tborax and abdomen white ; face and palpi black ;

antennae above white at base, then grey ; underneath yellowish.

Expanse of wings : 50 mm.

A pair from Kei Toeal, January to March 1896 (H. C. Webster).

3G. Stesichora pieridaria.

Micronia pieridaria Guen., Phcd. II. p. 30 (? locality^.

Stesichm-a qxuidrislrigata Wan-., Nov. Zool. III. p. 274 (Fergusson Island).

The species described liy me as quadristrigata is evidently identical with

Guen^'s pieridaria and must sink.

F.\.Mii,Y EPIPLEMIDAE.

37. Decetia numicusaria \Mk. ab. sinelinea nov.

Forewinga: rufous, with a few brown strigulations at anal angle only ; the sub-

marginal apical spots black, with white scales round them ; cell-dot minute ; no trace

of oblique outer line ; fringe deep red, with an orange line at base.

( 25 )

Hindlinngs : with the outer half brown, with dense strigulations ; the orange

line before fringe conspicuous ; the rest as in type-form.

One (J from the Khasias, June 1896.

This form is almo.st identical with Butler's D. iasiijnis from the Solomon

Islands.

38. Epiplema caesia sp. nov.

Foreimiigs : pale blue grey, dusted with fuscous and tinged in parts with

fulvous ; traces of a dark curved median line near costa ; liindmargin freckled with

iron-grey, edged internally by blackish scales, forming a curved line from near apex

to anal angle, protuberant towards cell ; fringe mottled dark and light grey.

Hindwings: with costal area white, dusted finely with black, edged by an

undulating black line followed by deep chestnut, mixed with fulvous and metallic

scales, this tint running up in middle of wing towards base ; on centre of inner

margin is a whitish patch varied with yellow and black scales ; a black spot below

the base of lower tooth.

Underside grey, coarsely mottled with blackish ; the forewings dark, the hind-

wings whiter. Face, palpi, and collar a mixture of dark fuscous and yellowish scales ;

the collar and basal half of co.sta of forewings varied also with metallic scales.

Thorax and base of abdomen like forewings ; anal half of abdomen fuscous, with paler

rings.

Expanse of wings : 20 mm.

One ? from the neighbourhood of iManila (.1. Whitehead).

Akin to E. viistahilata Wlk.

39. Epiplema instabilata semifulva subsp. nov.

In this local form the markings of the hindwings are all bright fulvous, with

a few fuscous strigae towards anal angle and the small black dot before second tail.

Expanse of wings : 20 mm.

Several examples from the Khasias.

40. Epiplema niveipuncta sp. nov.

Fmvvjings : dull grey, traversed liy close vertical lines of dark grey scales and

tinged with ferruginous in certain lights ; the costa paler, either ochreous or ferru-

ginous, between the striae ; first line at one-third, blackish, edged inwardly with

ferruginous ; second just beyond middle, edged outwardly with bright ferruginous,

convex outwards from costa to middle, concave thence to inner margin ; submarginal

line indistinct, sinuous, blackish ; a deep black dot before ape.x ; fringe mixed, dark

grey and feiTuginous, with a paler basal line and paler tips.

Hindioings : with the lines rather more distinct, especially towards inner

margin ; a pale somewhat ferruginous patch above anal angle ; an indistinct sub-

marginal line of black dashes surrounded by ferruginous scales; a snow-white triangular

spot before the upper tooth.

Underside dark cinereous ; the white spot of hindwings marked. Head, thorax,

and abdomen like wings, a mixtm-e of dark iron-grey and ferruginous.

Expanse of wings : 16 mm.

One cJ from the neiglibourbood of Manila (.1. Whitehead).

(26 )

41. Epiplema paradeicta ^i'. nov.

Forewings : white, indefinitely suffused with very pale yellowish ochreons, and

with fine yellowish striae ; costa finely dotted with blackish ; beyond the middle are

traces of a double yellowish fascia, containing slightly darker striae, the first having

on its inner edge a spot of dark brown scales lietween veins 2 and 3, the second with

some slight dark scales on inner margin at anal angle ; a minute black suhapical

dot between veins 6 and 7 ; fringe white, with yellow basal line.

Hindwings : with an ochreous patch at base, angulated in middle of wing ; a

pale ochreous line from costa before middle to beyond the angle of basal patch ;

a postmedian diffuse yellowish shade from costa before apex to below middle of wing,

where it is expanded and reaches from the end of the basal patch to hindmargin,

containing a deeper 3'ellow patch opposite the cell, and some very fine darker curved

strigae on its inner edge ; a black dot before upper tooth, a very minute one above

it, and a brown dot before lower tooth ; fringe white, with ochreous basal line, broader

lietween the teeth.

Underside white, the costa at base blackish ; a subcostal ochreous fuscous streak

from base to four-fifths, where a similar fascia runs straight to anal angle, its inner edge

diffuse, its outer edge concise and straight ; a minute black dot between veins G and 7 ;

hindwings white, with the costa and a patch opposite cell ochreous ; the dark dots

slightly marked ; fringe of upper tooth blackish. Face brown ; thorax and abdomen

white and ochreous.

Expanse of wings : 21 mm.

One ? from S. Celebes, September 1891 (\V. Doherty).

The inner margin of forewings is sinuous ; costa of hindwings evenly curved

and fringed with hair throughout; the teeth both long, the lower one deflexed.

42. Gathynia divaricata sp. nov.

Forevmigs .• pale ochreous, suffused and dusted, except along the submedian

ai-ea, with brownish grey and rufous ; the costal region thicklv speckled with grey ; the

lines ferruginous ; first from costa at one-fourth, irregularly excurved and bluntly

angled on the median vein, thence oblique and straight to inner margin at one-third ;

second at three-fourths, stronglj- excurved to below median, then sinuous to inner

margin at four-fifths ; a faint ochraceous streak along the cell ; two small black dots

or dashes before hindmargin below ajiex ; marginal line fine, dark ; fringe ochreous

grey, with a darker dividing line.

Hindwings: wholly greyish rufous; first line acutely angled in middle, second

curved and hardly angled ; four or fi\e black dashes on feiTuginous scales below the

tooth.

Underside pale straw-colour, the forewings much smeared with grey. Face and

palpi blackish ; vertex and collar dark grey ; thorax ochreous mixed with grey ; the

patagia and abdomen ochreous, the latter marked with grey on back of basal

segments.

Expanse of wings : 24 mm.

One cJ from Bonthain, S. Celebes, 5000—7000 feet, October 1895 (A. Everett).

Resembles Gathynia fumicosta \\'a.n: from the Khasias, but at once distin-

guished by the wholly brown hindwings and their single tooth at vein G.

( 27 )

Family GEOMETRWAE.

SiHFAMiLY OENOCHROJIINAE.

Adeixis gen. nov.

Foreivin(/8 : with costa straight; apex blunt, nearly rectangular; hindmargin

oblique, straight above, strongly rounded below, the anal angle truncate.

Hindivinijs : with margin and both angles well rounded.

Forehead with rough porrect scales; palpi porrect, subrostriform, roughly scaled;

antennae of c? bipectinate ; the pectinations stiflf and bent forwards at their ape.x, all

strongly ciliated ; those on the inner side of the shaft only half as long as those on the

outer; hind tibiae thickened and roughly scaled, with four stout spurs; hind tarsi

short, one-third of tibiae ; forewings witli rough hair at base of costa beneath, covering

the retinaculum.

Nenrcdimi : forewings, cell more than half as long as wing, both margins bent

inwards towards extremity ; first median nervule at two-thirds, second before end,

third from end of cell ; lower radial from somewhat above centre of discocellnlar ;

upper from upper end of cell ; veins 7 and 8, and 9 and 10 stalked, 8 anastomosing

with 9 and 10 to form a single areole ; 11 free. Hindwings with costal closely

approximated to subcostal for three-fourths of cell, then rather strongly curved away ;

cell three-fifths of wing ; first subcostal and second median from before the end of

cell ; radial ft-om above the middle of discocellular.

Typje : Adeixis insignaia sp. nov.

The genus seems to agree in the main with what Mr. ^leyrick (in the

Proceedings of the Linnean Society of X. S. Wales for 1889, p. 119G) calls Aspilates

Tr. ; but as I cannot see how a genus formed for European species can be restricted (?)

so as to include Australian Oeaochrominae, I have referred the insect under notice to

a new genus.

43. Adeixis insignata sp. no\-.

Forewings : mouse-colour, dusted with darker atoms ; no distinct markings ; a

slightly darker cell-spot ; an oblique outer line from middle of inner margin towards

apex, sometimes marked by darker denticulations on the veins, and traces of a pale

curved submarginal line ; fringe concolorous, beyond a very fine dark marginal line.

Hindwings : paler, ochreous grey, becoming darker only along hindmargin.

Underside the same. Head and thorax mouse-grey ; abdomen somewhat paler -^

palpi tinged with ochreous.

Expanse of wings : 21 mm.

Two ? ?, four cjc?, from Parkside, Australia.

A very obscure-looking insect.

44. Onycodes rubra sp. uo\ .

Forewings: reddish fawn-colour, sprinkled with black scales; the lines very

obscure, reddish, at one-third, one-half, and two-thirds, oblique from the costa, then

vertical and waved ; a paler diffuse grey shade from apex towards inner margin, the

marginal area beyond reddish ; fringe reddish.

Hindivings : dull red, sprinkled witli black; with two dark lines; the inner

margin greyer.

( 28 )

Underside of lx)th wings brighter red ; apex of forewings and inner margin of

hindnings grev, the latter with a eiu-ved orange-red band in the middle. Ya.ce and

vertex dark brown ; thorax concolorous with wings ; abdomen wanting.

Expanse of wings : 38 mm.

One ? from Daw.son, N. Queensland (A. 8. -Meek).

Subfamily OKTHOSTIXINAE.

Barrama gen. nov.

Allied to Raiabani Moore ; the wings more thickly scaled, not hyaline ; abdomen

not elongated ; hind tibiae of i not thickened or with a pencil of hairs, slender, with

the terminal spurs only ; antennae of c? subserrate, with fascicles of very fine cilia.

Type : Barrama impunclata sp. nov.

4u. Barrama impunctata sp. nov.

Forettyings : whitish, suffused, especially towards eosta, with pale ochreous

fuscous; an outer greyish line at two-thirds, slightly more oblitjue than the

hindmargin ; a small blackish cell-dot, and row of dark marginal dots ; fringe

greyish.

Hiivlimnijs : paler, with the line strongly curved and often very obscure.

Underside the same. Face, thorax, and abdomen [lale fuscous grey.

Expanse of wings : ? , 24 mm. ; J, 26 mm.

Ten c?c?, two ? ? , from Weenen, Natal, March 1894.

46. Bociraza reversa sp. nov.

Foreivings ; black, with a broad deep yellow lilotch from middle of costa

towards anal angle, rounded at the end and not continued basewards along the

costa.

Hindmngs : with a similar blotch, Init broader, from the inner margin towards

apex.

Underside the same, but duller. Head, thorax, and abdomen all black ; antennae

black at base, with the outer half white.

Expanse of wings : 39 mm.

Three c?c? from Obi, Moluccas, :\Iay 1892 (W. Doherty).

47. Cartaletis flexilimes sp. nov.

Fm-ewings : orange-red, with a broad black marginal border containing three

white blotches, the upper one large and irregular in shape, the lower two long ovals ;

the dividing line between the two colours is not angularly bent, as in C. erici Kirby,

but irregularly sinuous.

Hindivings : with a narrower black border from ai)ex to anal angle, narrowest at

the ends, and containing seven oval white spots.

Underside like upper. Face orange, with a white sjMt at top; frontlet and

antennae black ; collar white, with a dark edge ; thorax and patagia striped black and

white ; abdomen black with white rings above, orange-red below.

Expanse of wings : (?, 52 mm. ; ¥ , 58 mm.

A jiair from \\'arri, Niger Coast Protectorate, February 1896 (Dr. Roth).

In this species the bar between costal and subcostal of the hindwings, instead

of being near the base, is half-way down the cell, much longer, and very distinct.

( ^9 )

48. Eumelea albimacula sp, uov.

Forewings : brown-black ; costa towards base dotted with wliite ; an oblong

irregularly dentate-edged blotch beyond the cell from vein 7 towards anal angle ; two

small white triangular spots on inner margin before the anal angle ; fringe black ;

cell-spol deep black.

Hindwinijs : with the white blotch broader, its edges more regularly crenulate,

touching the inner margin, and containing the black cell-spot.

Underside rather paler. Face and palpi (damaged) tinged with fulvous,

probably when fresh wholly fulvous ; vertex and collar fulvous ; thorax and abdomen

black ; a small fulvous spot at base of forewings and side of thorax ; legs grey ; fore

tibiae fulvous ; tuft of hind tibiae pale.

Expanse of wings : 38 mm.

One c? from Obi, Moluccas, May 1802 (W. Doherty).

This unusually coloured species is, of course, nearest to E. algidaria Wlk. from

My.sol.

The forewings are decidedly narrow, the apical portion much produced ; hiud-

margin very oblique, slightly bent at vein 6 and incurved before anal angle.

49. Eumelea ludovicata cupreata subsp. nov.

6. Fwewings : wholly suffused with rich coppery fulvous, with thick purplish

fuscous or olive-fuscous dots and striae; costa purplish, dotted with black ; the lines

pui-plisb fuscous; first line curved, at one-third, consisting of a costal spot and a

spot on submedian fold ; second from middle of costa, excurved round cell, and also

marked by a round spot on submedian fold ; submarginal shade nearly straight,

diffuse ; an obscure fuscous annulus on discocellular ; fringe dark.

Hindii'ings : with the lines distinct only towards costa ; apex slightly paler, in

only one example j-ellowish.

Underside yellow ; the forewings suffused with fulvous, and spotted and blotched

with brown-red ; the costa and submarginal shade prominently brown ; hindwings

with all the spots and blotches tinged with rosy.

S. Exactly like the S of the form rahrifiisa from Dili, Timor, except tliat

the spot at base of middle line on inner margin of forewings, and the eorre.sponding

spot on costa of hindwings, are larger and round.

Seven c? cf , three ? ? , from Tenimber, July 1892 (W. Doherty).

Intei-esting as showing the local variation, confined almost wholly to the c?c?.

These from Tenimber have lost all trace of the yellow blotches which are the special

characteristic o{ ludovicata Guen. in the various c? -forms.

50. Eumelea sanguinata australiensis subsp. nov.

Differs from the type {sanguinata Warr.) in being about two-thirds the size and

less vividly red ; apex of hindwings sometimes narrowly yellow.

Several examples from Cedar Bay, south of Cooktown, and Geraldton (A. S. Meek).

The ? ? in this species are as red as the cJ c?.

•"il. Eumelea semirosea sp. nov.

Forewings: olive-fulvous, with rosy transverse striae; the costa yellow, with

purple-fuscous striae ; discal ocellus bright rosy ; a curved thick deep ro.sy line at

( 30 )

two-thirds, beyond which the whole marginiil third is siifl'used with deep rosv,

including the fringe, the costa remaining narrowly yellow ; no trace of inner or

suhmarginal line.

Hindwings : the same, with cell-spot obscure.

I'nderside similar, but duller. Kace, palpi, and collar marked with lirilliaut red ;

thorax, like the extreme base of forewings, yellow ; abdomen yellow and suffused ^vith

rosy.

Exjmnse of wings : 54 mm.

One cJ from Halmaheira, August 1892 (W. Doherty).

The apex of forewings is blunt, the hindmargins of both wings more fully

curved and rounded than usual ; distinguished by the contrast between the fulvous

inner area and the rosy marginal third.

52. Noreia muricolor sp. nov.

Fm'nvings : mouse-colour, reddish-tinged, and very finely speckled with black;

first line marked only by dark dots on veins ; cell-spot brown ; outer line deep

brown, edged outwardly with ochreous, from two-thirds of inner margin towards costa

before apex, slightly concave outwards ; fringe concolorous, with a very slender dark

basal line.

Hindvnnc/s : rather darker ; the cell-spot more prominent ; the obliciue line

central and thicker.

Underside paler, more speckled, with a sinuous brown outer line on both wings.

Head, thorax, and abdomen concolorous.

Expanse of wings : 32 mm.

One S from Natal.

There is not the slightest trace of an}' hairs on the underside of the hindwings.

53. Ozola pulverulenta sp. nov.

Foreimngs : pale greyish ochreous or greyish fawn-colour, with darker mottlings ;

the lines indistinct ; first at about one-third, curved ; the second at two-thirds, also

curved from costa to submedian fold, then straight to inner margin ; cell-spot slightly

darker ; fringe grey.

Hindiuings : a little paler, with denser mottlings along inner margin ; fringe

concolorous ; a linear cell-mark. Head, thorax, and abdomen greyish.

Underside paler, with rufous freckliugs.

Expanse of wings : 26 mm.

Numerous examples from Weenen.

Evidently a very variable insect, both in the ground-colour and in the distinct-

ness of the markings.

all. fasciata ab. nov.

The whole of the central space between the two lines filled up with dull brown,

the lines themselves being still dark<r brown and clouded.

Xantheliodes gen. nov.

Forewitvgs: elongate; costa straight, slightly curved just at base and before

apex ; apex rounded ; hindmargin obliquely curved and passing into inner margin

without forming a distinct anal angle.

( 31 )

Hiiidwiiifis: elongate, narrow; apex roumleil ; hindmargin scarcely' curved;

anal angle obtuse.

?>enulum absent. Antennae of 6 bipectinated nearly to apex, the pectinations

clavate ; palpi very short ; tongue slight; face smooth; forehead hairy; hind tibiae

with apical pair of spurs ; legs short.

Neuration: forewings, cell nearly two-thirds of wing, shorter above than below ;

discocellular vertical in upper half, then strongly oblique outward ; first median at

three-fourths, second well before end of cell, third from the end ; median vein inclined

upwards between the last two ; lower radial from above the angle of discocellular ;

upper radial stalked with the last fom- subcostals from end of cell; 11 free from

cell, anastomosing with 12 ; 10 closely approximated to 11, and there suddenly bent,

but not anastomosing. Hind wings with costal approximated to subcostal near base,

then gradually divergent ; the two subcostals stalked; radial from above the angle

of the discocellular ; medians as in forewings.

Type : Xantheliodes uniformis sp. no\-.

54. Xantheliodes uniformis sp. nov.

Forewings: deep j'ellow ; costa naiTOwly black; hindmargin black, rather

broadly at apes, gradually narrowing to a point at anal angle.

Hindiuings : the same, with the marginal black border much narrower at apex.

I'nderside like upper. Face black, yellow above anil below ; \ertex blacky

laterally yellow ; antennae black ; centre of thorax and shoulders black ; patagia

yellow ; abdomen yellow, with black segmental rings ; legs blackish.

Expanse of wings : 36 mm.

One (J from Zomba, Upper Shire River (3000 feet), December ls95 (l)r. 1'.

Rendall).

SuBi-AMiLV PSEUDOTERPXINAE.

■55. Pingasa subpui-pui'ea s[). no\-.

Forewi'iujs: white, dusted and shaded with pale olive ; the lines dark olive; tu-st

at one-fomth, forming a curve above and below the median, followed by olive

dusting ; cell-mark diffuse, dark olive ; outer line at two-thii'ds, dark olive, strongly

denticulate outwards on the veins ; submarginal line wavy, bluish white, preceded

and followed by pale olive suffusion ; fringe pale olive, with a hardly darker basal

line.

Uindwi'iKjs : the same, with no basal line and the fringe whiter; inner margin

with scattered red scales.

Underside white, with the costa of forewings and inner area of both wings

broadly suffused with yellow; cell-mark on forewings and submarginal baud on both

wings deep purple ; the band touching the margin opposite cell and above anal angle,

and there tinged with yellowish.

Face, palpi, antennae, and vertex ochreous white, the face above tinged with

rufous ; thorax in front olive-green ; i-est of thorax, patagia, and abdomen whitish,

with scattered ochi'eous and olive .scales.

Expanse of wings : 38 mm.

One S from .Sandakan, N. Korneo. .lanuary 1803.

( 32 )

6(j. Terpna nificoloraria -^p. uov.

Like T. varicoloraria Moore, but the wings suflused with rufous brown, and

crossed by fine brown and fuscous striae, with hardly any green ; extreme base

wlutish ochreous ; first line at one-fifth, fine, black, outwardly oblique and slightly

waved; outer line at two-thirds, black, denticulate, with two prominent teeth on

veins 3 and 4 ; a black discocellular line ; inner margin between the lines and at

anal angle deeper red-brown; a large pinkish white ajiical jmtch, inwardly edged

with dark brown, and throwing whitish streaks inwards along the veins ; marginal line

black, inten-npted ; fringe rufous, whitish below apex.

Ilindivi'iigs : similar ; the outer line followed by whitish grey patches, more or

less diffused towards margin.

Underside white, with a tinge of ochreous on forewings and costal area of hind-

wings ; a hrocul black submarginal fascia, touching margin on forewings opposite the

cell ; forewings with black cell-spot.

Face and palpi reddish ; verte.x white, tinged with red ; thorax and abdomen

rufous and grey, the latter with fine black lines on each side of the tufts.

Expanse of wings : 58 mm.

One c? from Kiua Balu, N. Borneo.

SuBFAinxY GEOMETRINAE.

57. Agathia confviscata sp. nov.

Forewings : deep green ; the costa grey, dotted with fuscous ; the base with

a vinous-red blotch ; an irregularly bent and angled vertical band at one-third^

rufous grey ; marginal third rnfous grey, its inner edge deeper and sinuous,

containing a green blotch below apex, touching hindmargin, and a small green spot

between veins 2 and 3 ; fringe rufous grey.

Hindwings : with base and inner margin narrowly vinous-red; outer third

rnfous grey, containing a green ajjical blotch, its inner edge maiked on costa by a

blackish red-edged narrow blotch.

Underside pale whitish green, with a fuscous submarginal fascia on both wings.

Face and palpi rnfous ; vertex and thorax green ; abdomen wanting.

Expanse of vrings : 28 mm.

One S from Sierra Leone.

58. Agraptochlora modesta sp. nov.

Forewings : nniform deep green ; the costa ochreous.

Ilindwings : the same ; the fringe grey, without basal line.

Underside wholly green ; the costa of forewings broadly ochreous, towards the

base tinged with red. Face and palpi deep red ; fillet whitish ; vertex and thorax

green ; abdomen discoloured, probably green.

Expanse of wings : 26 mm.

One S from S. Africa.

Distinguished from A. subaspersa by the much smaller size and uniform green

underside. The type of sttbaspersa, however, is a ? .

( 33 )

69. Agraptochlora rubriplaga sp. nov.

Foreivings : deep green ; the costa ochreons, tiuged at base with red ; fringe

pale, with a reddish middle line and minnte dark brown dots at ends of veins.

Jlindu'inf/s : the same.

Underside paler green, fading to ochreons ; costa broadly ochreons, with a large

blood-red spot at base. Face, paljn, and forelegs red ; vertex white ; thorax and

abdomen green.

Expanse of wings : 36 mm.

Four 6 S from Natal (A. J. Spiller).

60. Anisogamia albilauta sp. nov.

Forewings : pale green, snbtransparent ; the veins with white dots ; costa

broadly brown ; a white curved line at one-fourth, and a wavy sinuous white line

at two-thirds, followed by white blotches at apex, middle, and anal angle ;

fringe green.

Hindwings : the same.

Underside pale whitish green. Palpi and face ochreons ; vertex white ;

antennae brown ; tliorax and abdomen green.

Expanse of wings : 34 mm.

One c? in bad condition from Moroka, British New Guinea, October 1895, at

35U0 feet (Anthony).

The antennae are shortly pectinated for lialf their length only ; the apex of

hindwings is not truncate.

The species of the genus here described — except dentata — together with

metaspila and satia-ataria Wlk. and nicisparsa Butler, differ fi'om the more

typical species, pieroides Wlk., etc., in having the two sexes nearly alike in colour

and markings.

61. Anisogamia albimacula sp. nov.

Forewings ; sea-green, snbtransparent, with numerous whitish strigulations ;

the veins darker green, dotted with white; costa finely dark brown, with white dots:

no distinct lines, but traces of a curved whitish one at one-third, tvhite on inner

margin, and of a wavy submarginal line containing a small whitish blotch between

veins 3 and 4, more distinct in the S ; a row of large pale spots along margin at

the ends of the veins, white in the cJ, pinkish white in the ? ; fringe green, in the

? marked with pinkish grey beyond the spots ; the hindmargin and fringe distinctly

crenulate.

Hindwings : the same, with a large double white blotch in the c^ on each side

of the second median, which is absent in the ?.

Underside pale whitish green. Palpi with second joint green above, third joint

pinkish ; lower half of face [)ale ; njiper half, vertex, thorax, and abdomen green ;

metathorax and penultimate segment of abdomen brownish, marked with white ;

the S with some white dorsal spots, the ? with pinkish spots ; legs and abdomen

beneath white ; the fore tarsi fuscous brown.

Expanse of wings : 36 mm.

Both sexes from Mackay, Queensland ; Cedar Bay, near Cooktown, and

Ueraldton (A. S. Meek).

3

( 34 )

62. Anisogamia curvigutta s]i. nov.

?. Foreicings : as in .1. albimaculu, thinly scaled, sea-green, with white spots on

the darker veins ; the costa narrowly brown, with white dots ; a wavy whitish line

is distinct on inner margin just before middle ; a cream-coloured blotch at apex,

edged with fuscous, narrow above and swelling out below, reaching to beyond third

median, with some fuscous scales along its centre : fringe green, with white spots

at the ends of veins on the hindmargin ; the spots in the blotch brown.

Hindwings : the same ; the blotch longer and more sinuous.

Underside whitish green, the blotches showing white ; a small brown spot at

apex of hindwings. Pal]ii, face, and vertex ochreous tinged with brown ; shoulders,

patagia, and first segment of abdomen green : thorax and rest of abdomen white ;

fore tarsi fuscous, dotted with white.

Expanse of wings : 32 mm.

Two ? ? from Mackay, Queensland.

S3. Anisogamia dentata sp. nov.

Forewings : deep sea-green, semitransparent, the veins dark green, dotted with

white ; the costa broadly greyish fuscous, with ochreous streaks ; first line at one-

fourth, white, distinct only above inner margin ; a pale ochreous fuscous-dotted

roundish spot on upper half of discocellular, touching costal streak ; outer line white,

at four-fifths, incurved in middle, and forming a broad sinus outwards above and

below ; marginal area grey-brown or reddish brown, deeper brown along the outer

line and at the costa, where the outer line is itself more broadly white, preceded by

a curved green space ; marginal line strongly marked, dark brown ; fringe jialer.

Hindwings : similar ; upper half of discocellular marked by a linear white spot

of raised scales ; inner margin wholly green.

Underside jjearly whitish green ; outer line broadly edged with a blackish

dentate fascia, the margin beyond dull white, with black marginal spots. Palpi

whitish ochreous, tinged with pale fuscous ; face snow-white below, deep green

above ; vertex whitish, thickly mottled with rufous grey ; thorax and patagia deep

green ; metathorax and abdomen ochreous, suffused with rufous and densely dusted

with black scales, the latter sometimes marked with lateral green scales.

Expanse of wings : 32 mm.

Two ? ? from Cedar Bay, south of Cooktown, North Queensland (A. S. Meek).

Nearest to A. piaroides, but easily separable, not only by the deeper green tint

tind absence of bright red markings, but also by the margins of the wings, which,

instead of being waved, are very highly dentate, the tooth at vein 4 being conspicuous.

64. Abisogamia moniliata sp. nov.

Forewings : deep green, the costa broadly ochreous, speckled with fawn-

colour ; first line hardly traceable, ending in a pale spot on inner margin beyond

one-third; second line absent; marginal space narrowly ochreons, mottled with

fuscous, expanding slightly towards apex and anal angle ; fringe ochreons, with a

yellowish basal line.

Hindwings : the same.

Underside pale whitish green ; the costa of forewings luteous. Palpi ochreous,

( as )

terminal joint fuscons ; face deep green ; fillet and antennae white ; thorax and

abdomen green, the latter tinged with pinkish ochrcous.

Expanse of wings : 36 mm.

One ? from ('edar Bay, sonth of ( 'ooktown (A. S. Meek).

65. Anisogamia muscosa sp. nov.

Foreu'inqs : deep green, shagreeued with dnll pinkish white ; the costa pale

ochreons, with numerous red-brown dots and blotches ; a red-brown blotch at base,

and a dot at base of cell ; a costal blotch at one-fonrth, indicating first line : a much

contorted red-brown baud from costa just beyoud middle, incurved below cell along

the median vein, running to inner margin before middle ; this band is double at

costa, and throws spurs outwards along veins 5 and 3 ; outer band at four-fifths,

parallel to hindmargin, composed of red-brown blotches, with paler centres, the

largest at costa, those below vein 5 and on vein 2 conspicuous ; a snbmarginal row

of red-brown white-tijiped spots between the veins ; fringe green, with pinkish

dashes opposite the veins ; cell-spot large, triangular, deep liver-colonr.

Hindwings : with the base silvery ; cell-spot smaller, with a small red-brown

spot above it ; outer macular line and submargiual row of spots only marked, the

former with a consj)icuous blotch above anal angle.

Underside whitish green, with the cell-spot and lines only marked in the costal

half of forewing. Face ochreous at bottom and along sides, green in middle, edged

above and below with red-brown ; i)alpi red-brown above, ochreons below ; vertex,

thorax, and abdomen deep green ; antennae deep red-brown, the base whitish ; anal

segment of abdomen silvery white, edged with red-brown.

Expanse uf wings : 36 mm.

One S from Fergusson Island, September to December 1894 (A. S. Meek).

66. Anisogamia nigrimaculata sj). nov.

Foreu-ini/s : yellowish green, the costa narrowly dark brown ; first line pale,

marked by a brown-black patch on inner margin at one-third ; exterior line lunulate,

whitish, followed by three similar lines, which make the whole marginal area appear

whitish, excejit opposite the cell.

l[iiHhcing,i : with the basal area much mottled with white; the outer line and

marginal area as in forewings, but the apex marked with a large black blotch.

Underside whitish green, with the black blotch at apex of hindwings. Palpi

and face reddish ; thorax and abdomen green.

Expanse of wings : 34 mm.

One (? from Moroka, British New Guinea, October 1895, at 3500 feet

(Anthony).

Though taken at the same time and place as .1. (dbilauta, it is t^uite distinct.

The antennae are pectinated for two-tliirds, and the apex of" the hindwings is

distinctly truncate.

6T. Anisogamia undilinea sp, nov.

Forewings : sea-green ; costa white, speckled below with fuscous, the extreme

edge remaining pure white ; first line at one-fourth, second at three-fourths, both

finely white and distinctly waved : fringe green, with white sjiots at ends of veins.

( 36 )

HindtciiKjs : with no basal Hue.

Umlersidc pale whitish j^reeii ; forcwiiip;s towards costa becoming bright green ;

the costal edge white, with a bright yellow streak below it from base to middle.

Palpi white underneath, green above ; face green, with two white dots below ; vertex

white, greenish behind ; antennae with shaft white, and pectinations yellow ; thorax

and abdomen green, the latter with white spots on dorsum ; underside of abdomen

and legs white ; forelegs tinged with fuscous yellow.

Expanse of wings : 34 mm.

One S from Cedar Bay, Cooktown (A. S. Meek).

Distinguished by the white-edged costa and distinctly nndulating outer line.

68. Chloromma persimilis sp. nov.

Forewings : dull olive-green, with the two lines brown, placed almost exactly

as in C. mimica Warr. from the Khasias : cell-spot brown.

Hinclwhigs : with two brown spots on the diseocellular, instead of the large

brown blotch.

Underside wholly pale green, with no markings.

Expanse of wings : 26 mm.

One S from Warri, Eiver Niger, January 1890 (Dr. Koth).

In the forewings veins 0, 7, 8, 0, 10, and 11 are all stalked, 11 anastomosing

with the costal ; the diseocellular is e.xcurved in the upjier j)art, and rectangular

outwards in middle.

Chlorostrota gen. nov.

Forewings : with costa straight for two-thirds, then cnrvcd; aj)ex blunt; hind-

margin bent at vein 4, more oblique below.

Hindwings : with hindmargin bluntly toothed at vein 4.

Antennae of cf bipectinate to apex ; palpi inclined upwards, the second joint

thickly scaled ; third small and bluut ; tongue and frenulum present ; hind tibiae

not thickened, with four adjacent spurs.

Keuratioii: forewings, cell two-iifths of wing ; first median at two-thirds,

second just before angle of cell ; last four subcostals stalked, the first free. Hind-

wings with the subcostals and last two medians stalked ; first median just before

angle of cell.

Type : Chlorostrota praeampla sp. nov.

To this genus belongs also albiviridis Moore.

09. Chlorostrota marginata sjt. nov.

Forewings : grass-green: the costa ochreons, thickly dusted with brown ; traces

of a curved exterior line marked by white dashes on the veins; marginal line brown,

preceded by an irregular narrow ochreous brown-dotted fascia, which swells out

below vein 4 into a large pale j)atch and smaller j)atchos below the large one.

I/i/id/ri/ig.i : the same.

Underside wholly whitish green. Face dark brown ; thorax and abdomen

(probably) green.

Expanse of wings : 38 mm.

One $ from Warri, lliver Niger, January 1890 (Dr. Roth).

The only example is much worn, and a more exact descrijitiou will be desirable

when better specimens are obtainable.

( 37 )

TO. Chlorostrota praeampla sp. nov.

Forewings : deep green; the costa whitish, with fuscous speckles ; first line at

one-fourth, fine, whitish, oblique inwards ; second line from a dark costal spot at

two-thirds, white, bent at vein 6, and incurved at vein 3, where it broadens and runs

into a large white anal blotch, marked with flesh-coloured fnscons and green scales;

submarginal line white, bent on vein 7, then oblique to the anal blotch, nearly

touching a difl:nse white marginal shade, which is edged by green lunules before the

white fringe ; cell-spot whitish ; vein G whitish from cell-spot, all the other veins

whitish between the outer and submarginal line.

Hindwinys : with basal half green, its edge sinuous : costal and inner margins

narrowly, outer margin broadly, cream-white ; some rufous fuscous scales at apex

and anal angle ; an interrupted green band from vein 6 to anal blotch, followed by

another and fainter band of green scales : the lunules below apex deeji fuscous red;

cell-spot linear, white.

Underside of forewings pearly white, green-tinged in basal half ; costa yellowish :

costal area irrorated with fuscous, with two spots and the cell-spot large and fuscous ;

a fuscous blotch at anal angle of forewings and apex of hindwings; the marginal

spots black. Palpi dark and light fuscous : face dark green above, white below ;

vertex whitish ; thorax green ; abdomen white, speckled with green, more thickly

towards base.

Expanse of wings : 42 mm.

One S from the Khasias, June 1896.

Collesis gen. nov.

? . Forewings : with costa arched throughout, apex minutely jirojecting ; hind-

margin vertical above, curved below.

Him! wings : with rounded hiudmargin, the anal angle j>rominently square.

Antennae in ? jJectinated; palpi porrect, short; tongue present; frenulum absent.

Neuratioii: forewings, cell not half the length of wing; discocellular with

lower arm long and oblique ; first median at three-fourths, second before end, third

from end of cell ; lower radial from upjier end of discocellular, u])per from the angle :

all five subcostals stalked, the first anastomosing with the costal. Hindwing.s witii

costal anastomosing with subcostal for half the length of cell ; the two sitbcostals

on a long stalk ; last two medians short-stalked.

Type : Collesis mi mica sp. nov.

Distinguished from Enchhris and its allies, to which it is nearest akin, by the

anomalous anastomosis of the costal vein in hindwings.

71. Collesis mimica sp. nov.

Forewings : pale whitish green ; a darker green outwardly white-edged oblique

line from jnst before apex to inner margin at two-thirds.

Hindwings : with the line just beyond the middle; fringe of both wings

concolorous.

Underside whitish. Head, thorax, and abdomen concolorous; vertex white.

Expanse of wings : 28 mm.

One ? from Mpeta, Loangwa Hiver, north of Zambesi, November 180:!

(P. T. Coryndon).

Superficially very much resembling a small Metrocampa margaritata.

( 38 )

72. Episothalma marginata sp. nov.

Foreioings: deep green; tlie costa rufous, thickly dotted with fuscous and much

darker ou basal half; marginal third rufous grc}-, with dark fuscous strigae, edged

iuterually by a wavy dark brown line, which forms a sinus in the middle and a

curve on the inner margin ; fringe fuscous, with a darker basal line.

Ifindicings: similar, liut the costal area bmadly greyish fuscous; the inner

margin narrowly rufous brown.

Underside pale dull green, with the marginal area reduced, dull browu. Face,

palpi, and collar black-brown ; fillet rnfous ; thorax and base of abdomen green ;

rest of abdomen and tufts rufous brown.

Expanse of wings : 25 mm.

One 6 from Sierra Leone.

73. Episothalma semigrisea sp. nov.

Foreivinqs : deep green in basal half; marginal half and costa greyish drab,

thickly strewn with dark liver-coloured striae ; the two colours separated by a

sinuous brown line from tlie lower edge of the costal streak ; a dark l)rown marginal

line ; fringe concolorous.

Hind wings: with the costal half and the outer half gre}', with brown striae;

the inner margin narrowly grey, lea^^ng only a restricted green space near inner

margin.

Underside dull liver-coloured, with traces of a straight pale submarginal baud,

complete on hindwings, but indistinct on forewings, except on inner margin ; costa

of forewings ochreous ; inner margin whitish ; a small pale patch below apex, and a

larger one before the angle at middle. Face and vertex dark liver-colour ; thorax

pale drab ; abdomen greyish cinereous.

Expanse of wings : 32 mm.

One S from Upoto, Congo (Kev. Oram).

Closely related to E. marginata from Sierra Leone, but larger, with the green

area much smaller.

74. Euchloris oleagina sp. nov.

Foreicinqx : whitish, tinged with yellow : the costa broadly yellowish; fringe

concolorous.

Ilindwings : the same, as is the underside.

Face deep red ; palpi and forelegs reddisli ; thorax and abdomen greased,

jirobably concolorous with wings.

Expanse of wings : 20 mm.

Two 6 6 from Weeuen, Natal, dated October 1893 and January 1895.

The antennae are thickened, with strong produced serrations, which are laterally

pubescent ; the frenulum is absent ; the wings, like the bodies, are saturated with

grease, and were j)robably once greenish.

75. Eucrostes rubridisca sp. nov.

Forewings : bright green ; the costa broadly whitish ; cell-spot orange-red ;

marginal line of the same colour, with traces of marginal spots.

Ilindwings : the same. The fringes of both wings are entirely gone.

( 39 )

Underside paler greeu. Face and forelegs bright ros_v ; vertex, thorax, and

abdomen green.

Expanse of wings : 13 mm.

One 6 from Dar-es-Salaam, German East Africa.

76. Euxena insulsata sp. "nov.

Foreicings : dull grey-green ; the lines darker, diffuse ; the first at oue-foarth,

curved and wavy; the second from costa at four-fifths to inner margin at two-thirds,

slightly bent and thickened downwards ; cell-spot blackish green, rather large :

fringe concolorous.

llindicings : slightly ochrcous towards base ; no first line ; the outer line

denticulate and running to anal angle ; marked, as in the forewings, by pale dashes

on the veins.

Underside pale yellowish green; the costa of both wings yellowish. Face and

palpi brown, paler below ; vertex white ; thorax grej^-green ; abdomen ochreous.

Expanse of wings : 45 mm.

One <S from North Luzon, 5000 to 0000 feet (Whitehead).

77. Halterophora fulgurata sp. nov.

Forewings : bluish green ; the costa pale ochreons, with dark purplish spots ;

first line marked only by whitish spots on veins ; second line very strongly dentate,

the line itself finely paler, and marked on the veins at the denticulations by white

spots ; fringe at base deep red-brown, broadly interrupted between each vein by a

whitish dash ; outer half of fringe white,

Hindwings : with outer line much plainer, and strongly denticulate, the teeth

on veins 7, 6, and 5 being exactly above those on veins 4, 3, and 2 ; a dark green

mark on discocellnlar.

Underside whitish greeu ; the costal half of forewing brighter green ; costa

liroadly white, with strong pnrjde striae. Face, palpi, vertex, thorax, and abdomen

coucolorons green ; front of thorax deeper green.

Expanse of wings : 45 mm.

One S from Moroka, British New Guinea (3500 feet), October 1895 (Anthony).

78. Hemithea albistrigulata sp. nov.

Forewings : dull green, thickly covered with minute pale wavy strigulae ; a

darker green central fascia, edged by the first and second lines, which are wavy ; thi'

outer line indented in cell and on the submedian fold ; fringe pale green.

Hindwings : the same ; both wings with a deeper green cell-spot.

Underside uniform whitish green. Face, palpi, and forelegs briglit red ; fillet

white ; vertex, thorax, and abdomen concolorous with wings.

Expanse of wings : 20 mm.

One 6 from S. Africa.

79. Hemithea approximans >p. nov.

Forewings : very pale green ; the costa whitish ; two fine hardly waved white

lines, rather near one another ; the first at quite one-third, the second before

two-thirds ; fringe green.

( 40 )

Hindwings : with the outer line only ; a faintly darker cell-spot.

Underside uniform whitish green. Face ochreous ; vertex white ; thorax and

abdomen pale green.

Expanse of wings : 20 mm.

Two (? (? from AVeenen, Natal.

80. Hemithea atridisca sp. uov.

Forewings : semidiaphanous pale bluish green ; the costa ochreous ; lines

whitish, denticulate ; first at one-third, second at three-fourths, incurved below

middle, and marked most strongly on the veins ; a large cell-spot of raised brown-

black scales, edged with pale, on the lower arm of discocellular.

Ilindu-ings : the same.

Underside paler, with the cell-spot distinct. Face and palpi dark red-brown:

vertex and thorax green ; abdomen reddish cinereous.

Expanse of wings : 28 mm.

Two S S from Natal (A. J. Spiller).

81. Hemithea malescripta sp. nov.

Forewings : very pale green, with two faint wavy darker green pale-edged lines

at one-third and two-thirds ; fringe paler.

Hindwings : with only the outer line ; both wings with an obscnre darker green

cell-spot.

Underside paler and glossy. Face olive-green ; vertex white ; thorax and

abdomen pale green, like the wings; abdomen with slight reddish tufts.

Expanse of wings : 22 mm.

Three SS, one ?, from Weenen, Natal, August 1894 and April 1895.

One of the i S has the lines wliitish.

82. Hemithea simplex sp. nov.

Forewings: greyish green; the costa ochreous, dotted with fuscous; the lines

darker green, obscure, slightly waved ; first from costa beyond one-third to inner

margin before middle ; second at two-thirds to inner margin before anal angle ;

fringe green, with a deep green basal line.

Hindwings : with the outer line and cell-spot deep green.

Underside whitish green, the costa spotted as above. Face dull brown ; palpi

above and the wliole of the terminal joint and forelegs dark fuscous ; vertex white ;

thorax and abdomen green, the latter with dark red blotches along dorsum.

Expanse of wings : 20 mm.

One 6 from Sukabumi, West, Java, ls93 (Fruhstorfer).

83. Hemithea unilinea sj). nov.

Forewings : pale green ; the costa narrowly ochreous ; inner line very fine and

hardly perceptible, curved near base ; outer line at three-fourths, white, straight and

oblique to inner margin shortly before anal angle ; fringe paler green, with a whitish

line at base.

Hindwings : with the outer white line curved ; cell-spots hardly darker.

Underside glossy, whitish green. Face ochreous ; vertex white ; thorax and

( 41 )

base of abdomen green ; rest of abdomen ochreous ; basal segments with slight

reddisli tufts.

Expanse of wiugs : 2:5 mm.

Three d S from Weenen, Natal.

84. Hemithea vermiculata sj). uciv.

Forewings : jjale green, densely covered with minnte white wavy striae ; no

lines visible ; fringe broad, pale yellowish.

lliiulwiiiys : the same, with an obscure darker cell-spot.

Underside wliitish green. Face and jialpi dark brown ; tliorax and alidomen

pale green.

Expanse of wings : 19 mm.

One 6 from Warri, River Niger, June 1896 (Dr. Roth).

Antennae with well-developed fascicles of cilia.

Hypocoela gen. nov.

Forewings : with costa strongly arched, tlie apex not produced ; hiudmargin

oblique, with a shallow excision between veins 6 and 4 ; anal angle well marked.

Ilindwings : with inner margin lengthened, apex rounded, hindmargia evenly

vnirved.

Palpi short, porrect ; antennae of S bipectiuate to two-thirds.

Neuration : forewings, discocellnlar acutely inaugulated ; veins 7, 8, 9, 10

stalked, 1 1 anastomosing with costal.

Type : Hypocoela subfulm sp. nov.

A development of Tannorhiniis Butler.

85. Hypocoela subfulva sp. nov.

Forewings : dnll olive-green, faintly speckled with darker ; a straight oblique

brown line from costa at three-fourths, below which it is slightly bent, to inner

margin beyond middle, followed by a paler streak; marginal area with an olive-

brown shade, broad on inner margin, narrowing to a point at vein 6 ; marginal line

dark green, black along the excision and at the submedian fold, and there preceded

by some whitish scales ; fringe rufons olive, with two white patches in the excision ;

a small black cell-dot.

Ilindwtjujs : the same, but the snbmarginal fascia of uniform width throughout

and much speckled with darker ; fringe rufous.

Underside of forewings yellow-green, becoming fulvous towards inner margin,

with two Idack spots in cell and a black snbmarginal and marginal blotch towards

inner margin ; liindwings deep orange-fulvous, with a few black specks.

Expanse of wings : 32 mm.

One c? from Warri, River Niger, June 189G (Dr. Roth).

86. Metallochlora differens sp. nov.

Foreicings : pale apple-green ; tlie costa yellowish, with fine purplish striae ;

a minute red cell-dot ; faint traces of two darker green paler-edged wavy transverse

lines, first from costa at one-fourth, second at three-fourths, to one-third and two-

thirds of inner margin respectively ; fringe yellow.

( -12 )

Hindtcinqs: with the cell-dot bright red, tiie outer line exenrved in middle :

hiudinargin visiblj' elbowed at vein 4.

Underside uniform pale green. Face and palpi rnfons : vertex, tliorax, and

abdomen vivid green ; abdomen with shining brown-red dorsal blotches.

Expanse of wings : 2n mm.

One S from Tenimber, July 1S92 (\V. Doherty).

Ilistingnished from the other species of the genns by the much more developed

antennae of the 6. These are subdentate, the teeth with Ion;/ fascicles of cilia.

ST. Microloxia ruficornis sp. uov.

Forewings : pale yellowish -. the costu deep ocluvous ; fringe coacolorons.

Ilhufwifif/s : the same.

Underside similar. Palpi, antennae, and forelegs reddish ; face yellowish, edged

with red ; thorax and abdomen yellowish.

Expanse of wings : 14 mm. •

One S from Weenen, Natal, January 1895. Tlie insect is in very good con-

dition, and the wings do not seem to be either faded or greased.

A ? from the same locality, dated December 1893, not in good condition, with,

the fringes gone and the wings somewhat greased, must be referred here. This has^

the antennae snbserrate, and expands 19 mm.

88. Microloxia (?) serraticomis sp. nov.

Superficially exactly like Nemoria attenuata Wlk., but whereas in that species

the antennae of the S are simply pubescent, in this they are subpectinate and

pubescent, the pectinations being short, claw-shaped, with a fascicle of cilia at the

end ; in this respect the insect agrees neither witli Nemoria nor Microloxia.

Walker's two species indecretata from India and latilineata from Australia agree

with the present species both in the structure of antennae and in the markings

of wings, and it is possible they may be all three identical.

Several specimens from Natal.

N. attemmta Wlk. occnrs not only at the Cape, but also in Sierra Leone ;

WoUaston's species nubigena from Madeira must be very near it.

89. Mixochlora alternata sii. nov.

Forewings: deep green, with four pale hoary green fasciae more or less parallel,

the second interrupted above by a deep green discocellular lunule ; the first two dark

green fasciae not oblique outwards, as in rittata Butler; costa narrowly yellow :

fringe green.

Hi7idwings ; with the basal area and two fasciae i)alcr.

Underside pale green, scarcely tinged with yellow. Face and palpi deep velvety

green ; vertex and thorax dark green ; abdomen ])ale green, with dark green

markings ; base of antennae white.

Expanse of wings : 45 mm.

One S from North Luzon, 500U to OUUU feet (Whitehead).

Distinguished from M. vittata Butler by the absence of yellow below and by

the parallel bands above ; nrgentij'usn Wlk. from Sarawak is much more silvery.

( 43 )

Neurotoca gen. nov.

Allied to Kacldoris and Farrucldoris, agreeing with the latter genus in having

l-iectinated antennae in the ?, while thu hindwings are ronnded as in Euchloris ; the

hindwings without freuulnm; distinguished by an abnormal furcation of vein 6 of

the hindwings.

Type : Neurotoca notata sp. uov.

90. Neurotoca notata sp. uov.

Foreirinfis : pale green, faintly strigulated with whitish, with a rather thick

white line at two-thirds running parallel to hindmargin ; fringe whitish.

Hindwings : the same, with a semicircular red-brown patch on the middle of

inner margin.

Underside whitish. Head, thorax, and abdomen green, the last with red

dorsal blotches.

Expanse of wings : 34 mm.

One ? from Mpwapwa, East Africa.

Paraprasina gen. nov.

¥ . Foreici)iys : elongate ; costa straight, convex before apex ; hindmargin

curved, obliiiue.

Himhvimjs : with apex rounded ; anal angle square ; hindmargin slightly

curved.

Thorax and abdomen robust. Palpi porrect, long, reaching well in front of

face ; tongue absent ; frenulum (?) absent ; antennae thick, shortly pectinated on

the inner side, the pectinations being developed from the base and gradually

shortened ; serrate at base on outer side, the serrations increasing and becoming at

half the shaft pectinations as long as those on the inner side.

Neuration : forewiugs, cell half the length of wing ; discocellular augulated ;

first median at three-fourths, second and third from end of cell ; lower radial from

a little above the centre of discocellular ; 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked, 11 free. Hindwings

with the two subcostals stalked.

Type : Paraprasina discolor sp. nov.

91. Paraprasina discolor sp. nov.

Forcwinys : pale whitish green, without any markings ; the fringe concolorous.

Hindwings : the same.

Underside white. Face and palpi pale below, dull ferruginous above ; vertex,,

thorax, and abdomen all i)ale green.

Expanse of wings : 40 mm.

One ? from S. Africa.

The only example is much faded, and it is impossible to say what shade of green

it may have had when fresh.

92. Pareuchloris (?) salsa sp. nov.

Forewings : white, dotted with blue-green and with the lines of the same

colour ; first at one-fourth, second in the middle, joined by the green cell-spot ; third

( 44)

nt three-fourths, somewhut bent, to aual augle ; all the lines are dift'ase and become

obsolete before the costa ; fringe greeu and white.

[iinil wings: with a long greeu mark on discocollular; a curved denticulate

postmedian line and narrow submarginal line blue-greeu ; also the triangular space

between veins 2 and 4 ; inner margin and costa white.

Underside white. Face and palpi brown ; forelegs spotted brown and white ;

vertex, thorax, and abdomen white.

Expanse of wings : 36 mm.

One ? from Sierra Leone.

Prasinocyma gen. nov.

Allied to Thalassodes Gueu., with which it agrees in neuratiou and character

of scaling ; but while the hindmargin of the hindwings of Thalassodes is always

angulated, in Prasinoo/ma the hindmargin of both wings is rounded. The species

are mainly African.

T.qje : Prasinoc>/ma vermicularia Guen. {Thalassodes).

93. Prasinocyma rufitincta sp. nov.

Forewings: bright green, semitranspareut, covered with innumerable white

sinuous striae, the $ with fewer than the 5 ; costa narrowly white ; base of wing

and median uervure marked with dull rufous ; fringe concolorous.

Hindwings : like forewings, with no rufous at base.

Underside pale wliitish green. Forelegs and antennae red ; head, patagia,

and base of abdomen green ; thorax dull rufous ; rest of abdomen greyish white.

Expanse of wings : <?, 28 mm.; 5 , 34 mm.

A pair from Lifu.

94. Prasinocyma unipuncta sp. nov.

Forewings : slightly diajihanous, deep green, the paler striae very minute and

indistinct ; costa narrowly ochreous ; fringe greeu ; discocellular marked with

darker green : a small white spot edged externaDy with brown scales on inner

margin beyond middle.

Hindwings : similar, with no white spot.

Underside paler. Face, palpi, and forelegs red brown ; vertex white : tliorax

green ; abdomen ochreous.

Expanse of wings : 19 mm.

One S from Weenen, Natal, October 1895.

Rhomborista gen. nov.

Allied to Oenospila Swinhoe, from which it difl'ers in the hind tibiae of the S

having two pairs of spnrs. The hindmargin of the hindwings is excised between

veins 4 and 6, at each of which there is a conspicuous tooth. The margins of both

wings are marked by a diamond-shaped festoon.

Type : R. devexata Wlk.

Phorodesma megaspilaria Unen. and Coniibaena undiferata Wlk. also belong

here.

( 45 )

95. Ehomborista semipnrpurea sp. nov.

Forewings : deep green ; the costa white, with a grey-brown jiatch at base ; disco-

cellnlar marked with two red-brown spots ; first line obsolete ; second at two-thirds,

irregularly wavy, followed by a dull purplish grey marginal area, of which the central

part is paler and the edges reddish brown ; a round green snbapical patch ; marginal

line dark brown ; fringe reddish ochreons, with dark dashes opposite the veins.

Ilindwinqs : green ; the discocellular marked with two red spots ; a red

denticulate postmedian line ; the inner margin red ; the red marginal line thickened

with reddish grey scales at apex and veins 6 and 4 ; fringe reddish ochreous, with

dark dashes at veins 4 and 6.

Underside glossy whitish green ; the forewings with a broad dark fuscous band.

Head, palpi, and collar reddish grey ; vertex white ; thorax green ; abdomen reddish

grey.

Expanse of wings : 34 mm.

One ? from Chittagong Hills.

Allied to R. devexata Wlk.

Syndromodes gen. nov.

Forewings : triangular ; costa slightly arched, shouldered at base ; hindmargin

oblique, faintly curved.

Hindwiiiys : with well-rounded hindmargin, the apex rounded, the anal angle

rectangular.

Antennae of S pectinated, of j simple ; palpi porrect, short ; tongue feeble.

Xeuration : forewings, veins 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked, 11 anastomosing with costal.

Hindwings with costal anastomosing with subcostal for two-thirds of cell.

Type : Sijndroinodes unicolor sp. nov.

Like Lasiochlora Warr. in neuration, but the antennae of the j are sometimes

simple, and the species of much smaller size.

96. Syndromodes punctilineata sp. nov.

Forewings : pale green, with a sinnons outer line, marked only by red-brown

white-edged dots on the veins ; this line, which is at about two-thirds of the wing, is

outcurved in middle and vertical towards inner margin ; fringe with a pale yellowish

line at base, then a broad dull red line marked with deeper red spots opposite the

veins, the apical half being white.

Hindwings : similar.

Underside pale green. Face and palpi green, the vertex paler ; thorax and

abdomen discoloured, probably green.

Expanse of wings : 18 mm.

One S from S. Africa.

Agrees with diducta Wlk. and zonata Wlk. in having the costal of hindwings

anastomosing with the subcostal for two-thirds of cell.

97. Syndromodes unicolor sp. nov.

Forewings : wholly green ; fringe whitish ; costa narrowly white.

Hindwings : the same.

Underside pale green. Face pale brown ; vertex white ; thorax and abdomon

green.

( 46 )

Expanse of wings : cJ, 18 — 22 mm.; ?,24mm.

Several examples from S. Africa.

1 should have referred this species to invenusUt, Wlugru., but in a remark on

the nenration of his insect he speaks of an areole, which the present species certainly

has not.

08. Thalassodes nigripvmctata >-i). no v.

Vore.wings : deep green, thicker scaled tlian usnal in this genus, with numerous

wavy silvery strigulae ; no transverse lines, but a distinct lilack cell-spot ; costa

finely ochreous white ; fringe green, with no basal line.

[finrhrini/s : the same.

Underside uniform i)alc green ; the costa of forewiiigs ochreous. Fiice and

terminal joint of jmlpi deep brown-red ; vertex and tliorax green; abdomen cinereons-

ochreons, bnt probably faded.

Expanse of wings : 28 mm.

One S from the Cameroons, West Africa.

Victoria gen. nov.

? . Foreirings : elongate ; costa slightly indented in middle, strongly arched

before apex ; ajjex minutely produced : liindmargin crenulate, sinuous, elbowed at

vein 4.

Ilinihrinys : with crenulate hindmargin, toothed at veins 0 and 4.

Antennae of ? bipectinate, with a tuft of scales at base ; the short palpi

and face hairy ; tongue absent ; pectus hairy ; metathorax and basal segments of

abdomen crested ; legs wanting.

Ne.ui-atio)i : forewings, cell one-half the wing ; first median at two-thirds,

second and third from angle of cell ; last four subcostals stalked, first free. Hind-

wings with the two subcostals stalked ; medians as in forewings.

Type : Victoria albipicta sp. nov.

09. Victoria albipicta sp. nov.

Farewings : green ; the costa fuscous, speckled witli I'nl'ous ; first line at one-

fourth, white, vertical, broadening to inner margin ; second at three-fourths, whitit

and slender, slightly waved, vertical, ending in a triangular white patch before anal

angle, with fuscons striae on it, and followed, between veins o and 6, by a small

square white blotch ; a white blotch at apex ; a thick black crenulate marginal line,

partially edged with white ; fringe rufous fuscous ; cell-sjJot large, ocenjiying the

whole length of the discoccllular, and marked with reddish scales.

llindwings : whitish at base and along costal third, then pale green, with

whitish striae : a small black cell-dot ; fuscous dots on the four upper veins and on

inner margin, indicating a postmedian line; marginal line and fringe as in

forewings.

Underside whitish, green-tinged ; costa and fringes rufous ; the white markings

of upperside showing through. Face, palpi, vertex, and collar ferrugiilous ; thonix

and patagia green ; abdomen reddish (probably green when fresh).

Expanse of wings : 45 mm.

One ? from Grahamstown, S. Africa.

( 47 )

Xenochlorodes gen. no v.

?. Foreioings : witli costa feebly arched and somewhat bent at two-thirds ;

apex blunt ; hindmargin obliqne, faintly curved ; anal angle distinct.

Hindwings : with hindmargin slightly curved ; apex roiindeil ; anal angle

square ; costa shouldered at base.

Palpi quite short, not reaching front of face : tongue weak ; antennae sub-

serrate, thickened with scales towards base ; scaling of underside of wings hairlike.

Ne.uration : forewings, cell half the length of wing ; discocellular angled, the

lower arm obliqne; first median at five-sixths, second and third short-stalked ; lower

radial from above the angulation of discocellular; upper radial stalked with the five

subcostals, separating near base sliortly after 11; 11 anastomosing with costal;

10 anastomosing with and becoming coincident with 11 ; 9 out of 8, very short.

Hindwings with costal anastomosing with subcostal nearly to end of cell ; the

subcostals long-stalked ; medians as in forewing.s.

Type : Xenockloro'les jjallida sji. nov.

100. Xenochlorodes pallida sp. nov.

Foreiviiiys : very pale whitish green, laxly scaled; the costa narrowly white ;

I he lines whitish and slightly waved; first before one-third, edged outwardly with

<larker green ; second from costa at fourrfifths, obliqne to inner mai-gin at two-

thirds, inwardly edged with darker green ; fringe whitish green ; cell-spot linear,

whitish, very faint.

Ilindunngs : with only the outer line, which is a little bent in middle.

Underside white. Face reddish ; vertex and antennae white ; tiior.-ix and

abdomen concolorous with wings ; legs reddish.

Expanse of wings : 20 mm.

One ? from Beirut, Syria.

St-bfamily STERRHINAE.

101. Anisephyra aurata sp. nov.

Foreici lujs : deej) gilded yellow, with traces of a curved submarginal line

marked by brown dots between the veins ; ocellus small, edged with brown ; fringe

<leep yellow.

Hind/vings : the same ; the ocellus larger.

Underside yellow, speckled with brown ; a curved brown submarginal line,

containing a blotch bevond the cell and above inner margin, before which it is much

incurved ; a marginal lino of slender brown dashes between the veins ; ocelli distinct.

Thorax and abdomen yellow ; head wanting.

Expanse of wings : 26 mm.

One d from Kalao, south of Celebes, December ls!)5 (A. Everett).

102. Antitrygodes dentilinea sji. nov.

Fori'U'ings : whitish, tinged in ]]laces wirh rnfous, and with a few scattered

dark brown scales ; costa narrowly rnfous ; a curved brown line near base, concave

outwards, and not reaching costa ; exterior line from costa at three-fourths, angled

obtusely on vein 6, and acutely between veins 2 and 3, thence concave to inner

(48 )

margin some distance before the anal angle ; three large roundish green blotches,

edged with red-brown in the median area, one in cell before the discocellnhir, one

below it beneath the median, the third and largest beyond the discocellnlar ; two

smaller blotches of purple-brown scales between the origins of veins 2 and 3, and

3 an<I 4 ; an obscure rufous shade, excnrved round them to inner margin near

middle : a series of greenish wedge-shaped marks beyond outer line, followed by a

waved reddish subterminal line; veins towards margin marked with rnfons: marginal

line red-brown, swollen between the veins ; fringe glossy, whitish, varied with

rufous, and with dark dashes opposite the veins.

Hindwings : the same, bnt deeper rufous.

Underside whitish, with a faint rufous tint : the exterior and marginal lines

rufous. Face and paljii dark red-brown ; verte.x, tliorax, and abdomen pinkish

ochreous, speckled with red-brown.

Expanse of wings : 33 mm.

One ? from Sierra Leone.

Distinguished from the Indian species by the exterior line not running to the

anal angle.

Brachycola gen. nov.

A development of A nisof/es Gueu., characterised by the hind tibiae of J, which

are quite short, with a tuft of hair from their base, and with three long curved spurs

from the extremity; in other respects agreeing ynih Perixera Meyr.

Type : Brachycola absconditaria Wlk.

This genus is equivalent to Hampson's Anisodes, Section I., to which he gives

the name Perixera ; bnt Perixera Meyr. is his Section II., with the hind tibiae of

S fully developed and the median pair of spurs absent.

103. Brachycola (?) minorata sp. nov.

Forewings : ochreous, densely irrorated with reddish atoms; first line marked

by three dots lying in a curve ; cell-spot red-brown : a sinuous dilfuse grey central

shade ; exterior line near and parallel to hindmargin, marked by dark vein-dots ;

minute red dots at the ends, and also between the veins ; fringe yellowish.

Hitiduinys : the same ; but with the cell-spot larger, formed of raised white

scales with a dark edge.

Underside of forewings pale dnll rosy, of hindwings white. Palpi rosy above,

ochreous beneatli ; face deep red ; vertex, thorax, and abdomen concolorous with

wings.

Expanse of wings : 26 mm.

One 6, one ?, from Teuimber, July 18',i2 (W. Uoherty).

The only c? has lost its hiudlegs ; but it is most likely a Brac/ii/cola.

104. Brachycola niveopuncta sj). nov.

Foretvings : dull reddish, speckled with darker, and with reddish grey

markings ; first line indicated by three dark dots on veins ; central shade diffuse,

wavy ; exterior line with irregularly placed dark dots on veins : marginal area

mostly suffused with reddish grey, with the submarginal line ])aler : 'iiiiidmargin

crenuhited, with dark dots at end of veins; fringe concolorous.

Ilindwingn : the same ; cell-spots of both wings small oval, white, formed of

raised scales.

( 49 )

Paljn and face whitish ochreons below, bright rosy above : antennae white :

vertex, thorax, aucl abdomen reddish grey. Underside dnll red, suffused with

darker.

Expanse of wings : 32 mm.

Two a, three ? ?, from Cedar Bay, Cooktown (A. S. Meek).

Chrysolene gen. nov.

Akin to Clinjsocrusped'i Hmpsn. ; the i antennae pectinated ; hindlegs not

reduced, the tibiae with two pairs of spurs ; forewings acute and produced at apex ;

both wings more or less strongly elbowed in middle ; first subcostal of forewings

not stalked with the other four, but anastomosing with them to form the areole ;

hiudwiugs with last two medians from angle of cell or on a short stalk.

Type : Chrysolene deciarm Wlk. {Hyria).

10.5. Chrysolene cruoraria sp. nov.

Forewings : yellow, with bloo<l-red strigulations ; basal half of wing from one-

third of costa to anal angle, puiisle, edged with blood-red striae ; a similar-coloured

blotch at apex, surrounded l)y blood-red striae; so that the yellow ground-colour

is restricted to an oblique fascia from middle of costa to anal angle and along outer

half of costa and the hindmargin except at the elbow ; fringe yellow.

Himlwings : with the whole area except a narrow marginal space purple,

edged with blood-red striae ; the marginal space yellow, with red striae ; fringe

yellow ; a darker jiurple cell-spot.

Underside the same, but duller. Face and palpi yellow, edged with red ;

Tertex, antennae, and thorax purple ; abdomen yellow.

Expanse of wings : 24 mm.

One ? from Cedar Bay, (,'ooktown (A. S. Meek).

Another ? from the same locality has both wings wholly suffused with purple-

red, except the hindmargin on either side of the elbow, which is narrowly yellow;

abdomen and underside of wings all red.

loo. Chrysolene dilucida sp. nov.

Foreicings : with ground-colour yellow ; costal area broadly olive-grey, this

colour running down as far as the median vein at the end of cell and beyond the

outer line, where it runs to the elbow ; the inner half of the wing is suffused with

deep orange, intersected by the yellow veins ; the two lines yellow and broad ; the

first at one-fourth, angled in the cell, then obliipie inwards; second at two-thirds,

angled at vein 4, and again bent near inner margin ; cell-spot small, black ; fringe

yellowish.

Hindwinqs : with the centre hyaline, the base and marginal fascia olive-fiiscons,

the latter very broad towards inner margin, and containing yellowish patches wliicli

appear to indicate a sulimargiual line ; the hyaline space with a grey cloud from

•costa ; fringe yellowish.

Underside pale yellowish, in the forewings tinged in places with red. Face

yellowish ; vertex and front of thorax grey ; thorax and abdomen yellow, duste<l

with grey.

Expanse of wings : 24 mm.

4

( 50 )

One ? from Sarawak.

Akin to deviana Wlk. The specimen is not in fresh condition ; the antennae

are thickened towards base, subserrate, and witli thick rongh scales along the upper

side of the shaft ; both wings blnutly angled at vein 4 ; forewiugs with a single

areole, vein 11 anastomosing wth the stalk of 7, S, 0, 10. lu the hindwings 3, 4

and G, 7 are long-stalked.

107. Craspedia aggravata sp. nov.

Forewings : ochreons, densely dusted with black atoms ; first line carved,

narrow, median shade broad, incurved below middle, both pale fulvous, the first

marked also by black dots on veins|; outer line dark grey, thread-like, dentated, the

teeth marked by black dots on veins, that on inner margin larger, followed by two

somewhat confused grey lines, which also are marked by a darker spot on inner

margin ; a marginal row of black dots between the veins ; fringe full, ochreons,

with a row of black dots along base opposite the veins ; cell-spot small, black.

Hindwings : with antemediau fulvous shade ; postmediau denticulate, and two

snbmarginal lines, all more or less marked with fulvous ; cell-spot larger.

Underside with the outer lines marked, and the basal half of forewings suffused

with grey. Face and palpi black ; collar ferruginous : vertex and shoulders pure

ochreons ; thorax and abdomen ochreons, thickly dusted with black.

Expanse of wings : 20 mm.

One S from the Khasias.

The hindwings have the hindmargin slightly waved, and indented opposite the cell.

108. Craspedia bigeminata sp. uov.

Forewings, : bone-colonr, dnstcd with fuscous ; no first line ; a small black cell-

dot ; a double fuscous line oblique from middle of inner margin to apex ; a simOar

double line from near anal angle, joining the other below apex : a fiiint single line

close before hindmargin ; a black marginal line, swollen between the veins ; fringe

ochreons, with dark dusting.

Ilindicings : the same, the cell-dot on the outer of the two mediau lines.

Underside much dusted with ochreons fuscous, especially towards base of

forewiugs ; the inner arm of the second double line denticulated. Face and palpi

deep red-brown ; thorax and abdomen bone-colour.

Expanse of wings : 24 mm.

One 6 from Natal (A. J. 8piller).

109. Craspedia bonaventura sp. nov.

Forewings : white, with tine and si)arse dark atoms ; first line fine, ferruginous,

often obsolete or marked only by ferruginous dots on median and submedian veins;

cell-spot black ; middle line grey, denticulate, at two-thirds ; outer line ferruginous,

wavy, very fine, incurved beyond cell and marked there by two black lunules

internally and grey scales externally: marked also alwve inner margi^i by three

black lunules, and grey scales externally, these last forming a roundish blotch on

inner margin ; an irregular row of dark grey snbmarginal blotches, the largest on

vein 6 ; a ferruginous subapical spot.

Hindwings : with two irregular rows of grey blotches beyond the outer line ;

( 51 )

cell-spot with a grey riug round it before the central gre)- dentate line ; fringe of

both wings white, with a row of shallow black lunules between the veins.

Underside whitish, sprinkled with dark scales, with the cell-spots and two

outer lines distinct. Face and palpi black ; collar ferrnginons ; vertex, thorax, and

abdomen white.

Expanse of wings : 26 mm.

Common from S. Africa, and also occurring in Abyssinia. The African

equivalent of the Indian nictata Guen.

110. Craspedia castissima sp. nov.

Fomcinqx : dull cream-white, with sparse black scales ; a small black dot at

base below submedian vein ; first line at one-third, indicated by three black dots,

on subcostal, median, and submedian respectively; a small black cell-spot ; median

shade grey, dentate, strongly excnrved in upper two-thirds ; outer line at four-fifths,

marked by black dots on veins, connected by a fine grey line, the three below costa

in a line oblique outwards, the lower five in a curve; snbmarginal line of the ground-

colour between two grey dentate shades ; a row of large black marginal dots ; fringe

white.

Hindwings : the same, without first line, the central shade becoming ante-

median : the cell-dot larger.

Underside greyer, with the markings obscured. Palpi above and externally

and toj) of face dark fuscous ; lower half of face, vertex, thorax, and abdomen

white ; the abdomen with black dusting ; collar ferruginous.

Expanse of wings : 20 mm.

Several from Cedar Bay, Cooktowu (A. S. Meek).

111. Craspedia deserta sp. nov.

Forewings : pale rufous ochreous, dnsted with dark scales; first line curved,

diffuse, from costa at one-third to inner margin at one-fourth ; median line oblique,

slightly curved, from costa at two-thirds to middle of inner margin, becoming

obsolete towards costa ; outer line from four-fifths of costa to two-thirds of inner

margin, curved and concise, blackish, with black dots on veins, followed, except

beneath costa, by a dark oblique shade ; snbmarginal line indistinct ; cell-spot

black, distinct ; a row of linear marginal dashes ; fringe concolorous, with a dark

grey line before the tips.

Hindwings : with the central shade distinct and antemedian, preceding the

dark cell-spot ; the outer line minutely waved, followed liy two darker shades ;

fringe as in forewings.

Underside similar, the lines less distinct. Face, palpi, collar, and forelegs

dark ferruginous : vertex white ; thorax and abdomen concolorous with wings.

Expanse of wings : 24 mm.

In some numbers from Weenen, Natal.

The wings are narrow and elongate, as in Lycauges Butler. Some examples

are pale ochreous, without any rufous tinge.

112. Craspedia dissonans sp. nov.

Forewings bone-colour, dusted with grey, and with all the lines grey ; these

are all placed almost exactly as in C. deserta ^Varr., liut are more diffuse and

( 52 )

coarse ; the first line is beiit below costa, and being rather farther IVoni the base

approaches the median shade above the inner margin. Both wings are broader and

shorter in proportion than those of cleserta ; and the hiudwings are bulged in the

middle of hindmargin ; the antennae of the cJ are thicker, sitbdeutate, with denser

fascicles of cilia.

Expanse of wings : 2(i mm.

A pair from Weeuen, Natal, October 1893.

113. Craspedia laevipennis sp. nov.

Foreicimjs : cream-white, thickly and smoothly scaled, with very tine sparse

blackish atoms : costa narrowly ochreons ; the lines ochreons ; first obscure,

reaching inner margin nearly in middle; second at three-fonrths, waved and sinuous,

approaching first line on inner margin ; fringe ochreons.

llinduiny.s : with the outer line only ; both wings with minute ochreons cell-

spot.

Underside white ; costa of forewings broadly ochreons at base. Face and palpi

brown-black ; vertex and collar ochreons ; thorax and abdomen white.

Expanse of wings : 20 mm.

One cJ from the Cameroons, "West Africa.

The wings are short and broad ; hindwings with hindmargin bluntly bent in

middle.

114. Craspedia melliflua s]). nov.

Forewings : dull yellow ; the costa narrowly pale brown ; lines pale brown ;

first very obscure, at one-third, wavy ; second from costa at three-fourths to inner

margin at two-thirds, slightly sinuous ; fringe concolorous ; cell-spot pale brown.

Ilindwiiu/.H : with the line central ; no cell-spot.

Underside yellowish ; forewings towards base tinged with rufous grey. Face

and palpi blackish ; vertex and collar pale brown ; thorax and abdomen yellow.

Expanse of wings : 24 mm.

One cJ from Natal (A. J. Spiller).

The hindmargin of hindwings is distinctly elbowed in middle, that of forewings

slightly bulged.

ll.j. Craspedia nigrinotata sp. uov.

Forewings : whitish, densely irrorated with black scales ; costa with five black

spots, one close to base, second at one-fourth, third beyond middle, fourth at two-

thirds, fifth towards apex ; first liue from second spot, faintly ochreous, with a dot

on median and snbmedian ; median line curved round cell, ochreons, mixed with

grey scales, denticulate ; outer line evenly curved, minutely dentate, blackish ;

submarginal cloudy, interrupted opposite the cell and above anal angle ; a marginal

row of distinct black Innules ; fringe grey ; cell-spot distinct, black.

Hindwings : similar, without first liue.

Underside dull grej-. Face white, deep black above ; palpi blackish, vertex

white ; thorax and abdomen white, sj)eckled with blackish.

Expanse of wings : J, 20 mm. ; ? , 24 mm.

One ? , two tJ (J, from Zoniba, Upper Shird district, May 1895 (Dr. P. Reudall).

The two (?(J are much paler than the ? : but, being both much worn, this may

( 53 )

be owing to the loss of the black scales ouly. The species is closely allied to

Jibulata Gnen. and its Indian forms, c? antennae with Hne fiiscicles of cilia ; hind

tibiae thickened, with a jiencil of hairs and without spurs ; ? with four spurs ; vein

3 before end of cell.

116. Craspedia sanguinisecta sp. no v.

Foi'civiiujs : greyish ochreous, smoothly scaled ; with fine darker dusting ouly

towards base and throughout the marginal area : costa narrowly red ; first line at

one-fourth, fnscous, slightly oblique inwards, and bent beneath costa ; second from

costa beyond middle, acutely angled on vein 0, thence oblique and irregularly

sinuous to middle of inner margin ; third from four-fifths of costa, bluutly angled on

,vein 6, thence oblique inwards, slightly waved, to inner margin at four-fifths,

marked opposite the cell and ou submedian fold with blood-red ; marginal area

dusted with fuscous, and with an obli([uely edged darker fnscous blotch beyond angle

of third line ; marginal line concise, blackish ; fringe ochreous ; a grey cell-spot.

Hindivings : with antemedian and postmedian lines only, both fuscous ; cell-

dot minute, deep black.

Underside much more speckled with fuscous : the two outer lines exjiressed

and much more waved than above. Face and jialpi dee]i brown ; collar dull

ferruginous ; vertex white ; thorax and abdomen concolorous with wings.

Expanse of wings : 26 mm.

One ? from Weenen, Natal, March 1894.

117. Craspedia subperlaria sp. no v.

Forewings : white, with sparse blackish atoms ; exterior line at five-sixths,

pale ochreous, denticulate ; a row of black marginal spots, and a small black cell-

spot ; fringe white.

Hindtvings : the same.

Underside white, unspotted. Face and jialpi brown ; collar ferruginous ;

thorax and abdomen white.

Expanse of wings : 28 mm.

One ? from Warri, Iliver Niger, June 1896 (Dr. Roth).

118. Craspedia sufficiens sp. nov.

Forewings ■• whitish, sparsely dusted with dark scales ; first line at one-third,

nearly tonching the brown cell-spot, pale ochreous ; exterior line at five-sixths,

strongly denticulate ; traces of a submarginal line ; a row of round black marginal

dots : fringe white.

Ilindwings : the same.

Underside white ; basal half of forewings tinged with rufous. Face and palpi

black-brown ; collar ochreous ; vertex, thorax, and abdomen white.

Expanse of wings : 26 mm.

One c? from the Cameroons, West Africa.

Hindmargin of hindwings slightly wavy an<l beat in the middle ; antennae

with long ciliatious.

( 54 )

Epicosymbia gen. nov.

Like Cosymhia Hiib., but with different neuration ; in the forewings 10

anastomoses with 1 1 , and then with 8, 9, forming a double areole ; in the hindwings

the two snbcostals are stalked ; hind tibiae with one pair of sj)urs.

Type : Epicosymbia perriij'a sp. nov.

110. Epicosymbia perrufa sp. nov.

Foreicimjs: dull vinous red, the lines deeper red; first from costa at one-fourth

to inner margin at one-tlard, exeurved in cell: a diffuse curved median shade beyond

the deep red cell-spot ; outer line at four-fifths, curved, dentate outwards ou the

veins, followed by a red snbmarginal shade ; marginal line purple, interrupted by

jialer dots at end of veins : fringe vinous red.

IIi)t(lici»(i.'y : similar.

Underside paler red ; the e.-vterior line simply curved, not denticulate. Face

dark red-brown ; vertex white ; palpi, collar, thorax, and abdomen reddish.

Expanse of wings : 24 mm.

One J from Natal (A. J. Spiller).

Hemipogon gen. nov.

Forewinys : triangular ; the costa straiglit, but strongly convex l)efore apex ;

hindmargin obliquely rounded.

Ilindwinys : broad, both angles rounded off ; the hindmargin strongly rounded.

Paljji slender, porrect ; antennae pubescent ; hind tibiae of cJ thickened, with a

tuft of hair covering the aborted tarsi, and without spurs ; hindwings of S clothed

with hair towards inner margin, and with the fringes of inner margin long.

Xeurotion : as in Ptychopoda Stj)li.

Type : Hemipogon velatina sp. nov.

To this group probably belongs Acidalia thricopkora Hmpsn. from Burma, the

type of which, in the Elwes Collection, I have not seen.

120. Hemipogon nanata sp. nov.

Forewings: ochreous, slightly dusted and suffused with darker ; the lines very

obscure, brownish; first at one-third, curved towards base; second wavy, in middle,

touching a small dark cell-spot ; outer line at three-fourths, slightly exeurved below

middle ; marginal area rather darker ; fringe concolorous, with a row of minute

dark dots along base at the ends of the veins.

Hindwings : more dusted with brownish ; the outer line very indistinct, marked

by a brown spot on costa and inner margin ; cell-dot minute.

Underside uniform oclirenus, with the cell-spots only marked. Face and paljii

dark brown ; thorax and abdomen ochreous ; the tuft of the hind tibiae is red.

Expanse of wings : 12 mm.

One S from the Tenimber Ishinds, .July 1892 (W. Doherty).

The rough hair ou underside of hindwings is confined to tlie inner-marginal

area.

( 55 )

121. Hemipogon velutina sp. uov.

Forewings : greyish oclireons, the costal region sparse!}' sjiriukleil with lilack

atoms; cell-spot dark; au obscure darker waved outer line at three-fourths, aud

faint traces of a median line : fringe concolorous.

Himlivini/s : with cell-spot, and no trace of any line.

Underside rather paler, without markings ; the hindwings are more or less

clothed with hair throughout, most thickly along inner margin and towards anal

angle. Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous ; face and palpi dark brown.

Expanse of wings : 17 mm.

One <? from Batchian, March 1892 (W. Doherty).

The tuft of hair on the hind tibiae is blackish inside.

Induna gen. nov.

Forcivinys : ample ; costa straight, convex before apex ; apex blunt : hind-

margin well curved.

Hindicim/s : rather elongate, with fully rounded hindmargin.

Antennae of S pectinated, of S strongly serrate ; jjalpi stout, roughly scaled,

porrect, reaching well in front of face ; hind tibiae of S fully developed, not

thickened, with a terminal pair of spurs.

Neuration : forewings, cell half as long as wing ; discocellular vertical ; sub-

costal and median veins bent inwards towards extremity ; first median at three-

fourths, second before end of cell, third from end ; radials normal ; last four

subcostals stalked from before end of cell ; first bent down to anastomose with them

at a })oint. Hindwings with subcostals from end of cell ; second median before

€nd. Scaling coarse and jjowdery.

Type : Induna rufisalsa sp. nov.

122. Induna rufisalsa sp. nov.

S. Forewings : pinkish ochreous, tliickly dusted with sandy rufous scales : the

«osta broadly greyish ochreous, with fuscous atoms ; the lines darker ; first at one-

third, curved below costa, then oblique inwards ; middle line at two-thirds, slightly

inbent below costa, and angled outward rectangularly on vein 6, then oblique to

middle of inner margin ; outer line at three-fourths, finely waved, and dentate

inwards ; submarginal line pale, between darker shades ; a small dark cell-spot ;

a fine dark marginal line, swollen between the veins and interrupted at them ;

fringe dec]), concolorous, with a dark line of scales near base.

llindicings : the same, without first lin(!.

Underside similar, the inner margin of forewings whitish. Face and 2)alpi

dark brown ; vertex, thorax, and abdomen concolorous ; ? much paler, with pale

ochreous ground-colour and much less red irroratiou.

Expanse of wings : S , 26 mm. ; ? , 28 mm.

A considerable number from Weenen, Natal, Jlarch 18'J4.

Isoplenia gen. nov.

Foreivinys : ample ; costa evenly curved thronghont : apex blunt, nearly

rectangular : hindmargin curved.

llindiiings : with fully rounded hindmargin.

( 56 )

Palpi short, hardly reaching beyond face. Antennae of S finely pectinated,

the pectinations ciliated, slender, ami nearly at right angles with the shaft : of ?

also pectinated, bnt shorter, the pectinations more ol)li(iae and not extetidiug to

apex : hind tibiae of <S normal, with a terminal pair of spurs ; of ? with fonr

spurs.

Nettration : forewings, cell half the length of wing : the discocellnlar vertical :

the median and snbcostal veins l)oth bent inwards towards extremity ; first median

nervule at fonr-fifths, second before, third from end of cell ; lower radial from a

little above the centre of discocellnlar ; upper radial normal ; 7, 8, 9 stalked, from

before end of cell : 10 and 11 free, from cell ; 10 anastomosing with 11 and again

with 7, 8, 9, forming a double areole : 7 from apex of areole: S, 9, 10 long-stalked.

Hindwings with veins 7 and 3 both before angles of cell.

Type : fsoplenia tristuuata sp. nov.

123. Isoplenia trisinuata sp. nov.

Forewings : in S l)rick-red, or brownish red ; in the ? duller, greyer, densely

sprinkled with red atoms : the lines deep red ; first at one-third, bent below costa,

thence sinuous to inner margin ; second at two-thirds, angled inwards on snbcostal

and outwards on vein 6, thence sinuous and vertical to inner margin beyond two-

thirds : third angled outwards on vein 6, thence sinuous and wavy to just before

anal angle ; a more obscure zigzag subterminal line, its angles joined by reddish

streaks between the veins to the marginal Hue, which is finely red : fringe con-

colorons : cell-spot dark.

Hindwings : the same, withont first line.

Underside pale pinkish ochreous, with the two outer lines shown. Face and

palpi deep brown : verte.x and antennae red : thorax and abdomen like wings.

Expanse of wings : c?, 26 mm.; ?, 32 mm.

Three t?cf, two ? ?, from Weenen, Natal ; two 6S and one ? dated December

1893, the other pair March 1894 ; in both cases the SS much fresher and in

better condition than the ? S .

Leptacme gen. nov.

Forewings : elongated, the costa straight till close to apex ; apex produced,

somewhat acute ; hindmargin slightly sinuous, very obliquely curved below, the

anal angle rounded off.

Hindwings : slightly protuberant at veins 6 and 4, incnrved between.

Palpi and tongue almost obsolete : antennae of ? filiform : mid tibiae with one

pair of spurs ; hindlegs and abdomen wanting.

Xeuration : forewings, cell nearly two-thirds of wing ; discocellnlar straight ;

first median from seven-eighths, second shortly before, third from end of cell : the

median nervure itself bent upwards towards the extremity of cell : radials normal :

veins 10 and 11 stalked : 7, 8, 9 stalked ; the stalks anastomosing, 11, 7, 10, 8, and

9 rising in the order given. Hindwings, with cell two-thirds of wing ;'the dis-

cocellnlar obli(iue ; the two subcostals on a very long stalk ; medians as in

forewings.

Type : Leptnemr midescripta sp. nov.

( 57 )

124. Leptacme malescripta sp. no v.

Forewings. : brick-red, with extremely fine darker red dusting ; a small dark

cell-dot : no distinct markings, but traces of a cnrved darker red fascia parallel and

near to hindmargin : fringe concolorons, with a row of minute black dots at base.

llindicings : the same : the cell-spot larger ; traces of an antemedian shade.

Underside like upper. Face and palpi red-brown : vertex ])inkish ; thorax

concolorous with wings.

Expanse of wings : 17 mm.

One ? from Weenen, Natal, March 1895.

125. Lycauges acuta sp. nov.

Forewings : ochreous, sprinkled with rufous ochreons atoms, the lines rufous or

pale brownish ; cell-spot white, edged with rufous : first line from one-third of inner

margin oblique towards the cell-spot : second line a broad diffuse shade from middle

of inner margin to costa before apex, where it is joined to a finer line from inner

margin before anal angle : fringe dark rufous, with a paler basal line.

Hindwings : with difliise central submarginal rufous shade.

Underside j-ellow, with the rosy strignlae and Imes brighter. Face and palpi

brown : vertex and antennae whitish ; thorax and abdomen rufous ochreons.

Expanse of wings : 25 mm.

Two ? ? from Natal (A. J. Spiller).

Distinguished by the very acute subfalcate apex and oblique hindmargin.

126. Lycauges concurrens sp. nov.

Forewings : bone-colour, sprinkled with fuscous atoms ; the lines dark grey and

verv oblique ; first curved, from one-third of costa to near base of inner marn-in :

median shade thick and diftuse from three-fourths of costa to before middle of inner

margin, towards costa recurved and faint ; outer line concise, serrate on the veins,

from middle of inner margin straight towards apex, recurved and faint from vein 6,

followed by two diffuse grey shades, which coalesce in the apex of wing : a small

black cell-spot ; fringe bone-colour, with darker scales intermixed : a fine dark

marginal line.

Ilindivings : more suffused with rufous scales : the markings the same, without

first line.

Underside similar, the base of forewings more thickly dusted with dark scales.

Face, palpi, and collar dark ferruginous ; vertex whitish ; thorax and abdomen

concolorous.

Expanse of wings : 26 mm.

One (? from Mpeta, Loangwa River, December 1S95 (Coryndon).

127. Lycauges extremata sp. nov.

Forewings: bone-colour, tinged with ochreous and dusted with fuscous ; first

line very faint, curved and oblique below, from lone-fourth of costa to one-fourth of

inner margin ; median sliade thick and dilfnse from middle of inner margin towards

apes, edged e.Kternally by the oblique waved outer line, both becoming obsolete before

( 58 )

reaching costa ; traces of two dark snbmarginal shades ; a row of black dots between

the veins on margin : cell-spot black : fringe concolorons.

Ilindwijigs : the same, bnt the outer line is separated from the central shade by

a pale space.

Underside with only the cell-spots shown. Face, palpi, and collar dull brown ;

vertex pale ; thorax and abdomen like wings.

Exi)anse of wings : 24 — 26 mm.

Two ? ? from Akassa, Eiver Xiger.

128. Nobilia nebulosa sp. nov.

Forewings : dnll red-brown, with nnmerous j)ale wavy somewhat shining striae ;

the costa grey-brown, the streak much narrower than in y. (urbata Wlk. : an

undefined paler pinkish grey central fascia, with the onter edge curved and dentate,

but without any distinct line, containing a darker-coloured spot on the discocclinlar;

a narrow whitish waved line from near costa before apex to hindmargin below

vein 4, reappearing as a small triangle on vein 3, and forming a Innnle above anal

angle, followed above vein 4 by some indistinct grey streaks : fringe reddish brown;

beyond a dark red marginal line.

llindicings : the same, the submarginal waved line more distinct and less

interrupted ; cell-spot elongate, grey, with a dark dot below.

Underside bronzy pink. Head, thorax, and abdomen concolorons with wings.

Expanse of wings : 39 mm.

One (5 from Amboina, August 1892 (W. Doherty).

Quite distinct from both the common X. Uirbata Wlk. and the other Bornean

s])ecies -V. strigata Warr.

129. Perixera imbuta sp. nov.

Forewings : dull brick-red, with very fine fnscous irroration ; the line? dark

grey, indistinct ; first at one-fourth, angled in cell and on submedian fold, and marked

by dark dots on veins ; median shade at two-thirds, denticulate, and incurved below

middle ; onter line in the usual place of the submarginal, marked by dark dots on

veins ; fringe concolorons ; a double row of marginal blackish dots between and at

the ends of the veins ; cell-spot blackish.

Hindwings : the same.

Underside dull rosy, the outer line only marked by reddisli dots. Palpi, head,

thorax, and abdomen brick-red : face whitish in the lower half, deep red above.

Expanse of wings : 26 mm.

One <? from the Khasias, July 1896.

130. Perixera transversata sji. nov.

Forewings : dull brick-red, dusted with darker atoms ; markings dark fuscous ;

first line at one-fourth, indistinct, angled outwards below costa ; outer line at five-

sixths, denticulate, marked by dark dots on the veins, incurved totvards inner

margin ; a small white cell-dot, with dark scales round it ; an oblique diffuse

nearly straight dark median shade from costa at two-thirds to beyond middle of

inner margin ; fringe concolorons ; a row of dark marginal spots between the veins.

( 59 )

Hind wings : with the shade central, slightly bent, following the small white

cell-dot ; outer line approximated to median on inner margin.

Underside whitish ochreous, in the forewings tinged with rosy. Paljji pale

ochreons, tinged with red above : face whitish, with a red bar at top ; verte.\ and

shaft of antennae white ; thorax concolorons with wings ; abdomen wanting.

Expanse of wings : 33 mm.

One c? from Cedar Bay, North Queensland (A. S. Meek).

131. Problepsis auriculifera sp. nov.

Forewings : pure white, the costa fuscous to middle ; discal ocellus distinctly

ear-shaped, fulvous, with metallic leaden and black scales all round the margin, and

similar linear spots in the centre between the veins ; a round fulvous annulus below

it, with similar scales ; some silver}' scales along inner margin : postmedian line

smoky ochreous ; the submarginal line formed of blue-grey cuneiform spots, the

outermost line of blue-grey triangular spots ; marginal line dark blue-grey ; fringe

glossy white, with a darker dividing line.

Hindwings : with a dark oval ocellus, its margin marked as in forewings,

followed by an obscure annnlns on inner margin, with silvery scales to anal angle.

Underside white. Palpi and face black above, white below ; vertex black :

collar, thorax, and abdomen white.

Expanse of wings : cJ, 26 mm. : ? , 32 mm.

A pair, bred, from Singapore.

Distinguished from deliaria Guen. by the differently shaped and much darker

ocelloid spot.

132. Problepsis digammata sp. nov.

Argi/ris latonaria var. "Wlk. XXIII. p. b07, nee Guen.

To Walker's description, which is good as far as it goes, may be added that

the discal annulus of the forewings is marked with black scales above, and on the

hindwings is wholly silvery ; in these wings the central line is not interrupted by

the discal mark, but passes inside it.

One ? from Pieter Maritzburg, Natal.

133. Problepsis hemicyclata sp. nov.

Forewings: white, the costa narrowly smoky ochreons : discal ocellus fulvous,

horseshoe-shaped, not reaching below the median vein, edged within ou the outer side

only by a black curved mark, with some silvery scales iu the centre, and with a line

of brilliant silvery scales all round, these being continued without closing the

ocellus at the bottom along each side of a pale ochreous streak to the inner margin;

postmedian line yellowish ochreous ; submarginal line of blotches smoky grey ; the

subterminal line yellowish ochreous, not grey, as in (ipollinaiia Guen.; marginal

line also ochreous ; fringe white, with an ochreous dividing line.

Hindwings : with a long silver-edged annulus with an ochreous centre ; some

irregular silvery marks along inner margin to anal angle.

Underside white. Palpi white, tijtped with fuscous ; face white, except the

extreme top, which is fuscous ; vertex white, with a fuscous spot in front ; thorax

and abdomen white.

( 60 )

Expanse of wings : 38 mm.

Three ? ? from Kei Toeal, January to March 1896 (H. C. Webster).

Distinguished at once by the darker tints of the ocelloid spot in forewings not

reaching below the median vein. One specimen has traces of a pale ochreous inner

line near the base.

134. Ptochophyle ephjrata sp. nov.

Forewings: pinkish ochreous, thickly irrorated with reddish striae: the lines dull

greyish fuscous ; first at one-fourth, curved ; median shade from two-thirds of costfl,

to beyond middle of inner margin, ditfase, incurved below middle ; outer line at five-

si.xths, wavy, incurved oijjjosite cell, darker marked on the veins ; indistinct red dots

along margin between and at the ends of the veins ; fringe paler, j)inkish ochreous ;

cell-spot hardly visible.

Hiruhoinijs : with two lines, and the cell-spot large, oval, black-edged, with

paler centre.

Underside whitish ochreous, in the forewiugs tinged with rosy, with all the

markings faint. Thorax and abdomen coucolorons ; head damaged.

Expanse of wings : 26 mm.

One ? from the Tenimber Islands, July 1S92 (W. Doherty).

Allied to P. lineata AVarr. from Dili, Timor, but larger, and with all three

lines marked.

135. Ptochophyle (?) pulveinilenta sp. nov.

Foreivings : pinkish, densely and uniformly dusted with brick-red atoms ; a

dark red cell-spot, and row of similar spots along hindmargin between the veins ;

fringe concolorous.

Ilimhcingx : precisely similar.

Underside pale pinkish ochreous. Head, thorax, and abdomen concolorous ;

face paler.

Expanse of wiugs : 20 mm.

One ? from Perak.

The antennae, which are subserrate, are much thickened close to base. In the

hindwings the two subcostal nervules and last two medians, which typically rise

from the ends of cell, are stalked.

13G. Ptychopoda semisericea sji. nov.

Forewings : pale ochreous, finely dusted with grey : the lines grey, oblique and

diffuse ; the antemedian and median straight ; the outer and two submarginal lines

waved ; cell-spot black, before the median line ; fringe ochreous, with a row of

minute dark specks at ends of veins.

Hindwings : the same ; the lines very obscure.

Underside with the markings more distinct : basal half of forewings greyish.

Face and palpi blackish ; thorax and abdomen ochreous. The tuft of hind tilnac is

black inside.

Expanse of wings : 18 mm.

One iS from the Khasias, June 189.5.

Like P. actiosuria Wlk., but much paler ; the anal angle of the hindwings

slightly produced and rectangular.

( 61 )

137. Ptychopoda nigrosticta sp. nov.

Foreicings : ochreons, (lusted with fine blackish atoms : a ilistiiict dark cell-

spot ; first line and median line only indicated by blackish scales on costa : outer

line at three-fourths, curved near costa, and marked by minute dark vein-dots; fringe

concolorous, with a pale line at base, followed by a row of comparatively large

black dots.

Ilimhrintjs : the same, but without any distinct line.

Underside yellower ; the forewings with the basal half, except on inner margin,

dark brown-grey. Face and jialpi dark brown : thorax and abdomen ochreous.

Expanse of wings : 12 mm.

One d from AVcenen, Natal, Octolier 180.5.

The cell of forewings is two-thirds as long as wing, of hindwings one-half. In

the forewings vein 1 1 rises very far back, before middle of cell, and is bent down to

anastomose with the stalk of the other four subcostals, which also rises well before

the end of cell. In hindwings the two subcostals are short-stalked.

138. RhodostropMa muricolor sp. nov.

Forewings : greyish mouse-colour : in the cJ without any markings ; a slight

black cell-spot ; fringe paler.

Hindwings : paler, towards the costa tinged with ochreous, with traces of post-

median and submarginal grey lines.

? darker, dusted with fuscous atoms ; an obscure oblique inner line, a faintly

double nearly straight postmedian, and slightly sinuous submarginal line, all darker

than the ground-colour ; cell-spot distinct; hindwings strongly tinged with ochreous

towards apex and paler, with the postmedian and submarginal lines distinct.

Underside more yellowish, with the outer lines marked. Head, thorax, and

abdomen concolorous with wings, the abdomen somewhat paler.

Expanse of wings : 26 mm.

A pair from Simla, August 1896.

139. Somatina figurata sj). nov.

Forewinrjs : whitish, thickly dusted with grey atoms; the lines dark grey; first

at one-third, vortical and somewhat waved ; outer at three-fourths, fine and wavy,

parallel to hindmargin, except the costal portion, which runs obliquely outwards ;

preceded by a thicker dentate median shade, excurved round cell ; cell-spot an

oblique figure of 8, filled up with olive-fuscous and finely edged with metallic scales;

submarginal line pale, waved, between two dark fuscous grey Innulate fasciae; a fine

black marginal line, swelling out into spots between the veins and with a larger

dark mark opposite the cell ; fringe white.

Himhrings : similar, but the cell-spot narrower and elongate.

Underside white, with a submarginal row of dark dots on the veins ; costa of

forewings rosy. Palpi, face, and forelegs rosy ; lower part of face whitish ; vertex

and shaft of antennae white ; collar ferruginous ; thorax and abdomen white, the

latter with a black mark on anal segment.

Expanse of wings : 34 mm.

One cJ from Weenen, Natal, December 1S93.

( 62 )

14fi. Sterrha associata sp. nov.

Forewings : bi)iie-C(il()ni-, tinged with grey ; the lines dark grey or blackish ;

first at oue-tiiird, enrved, from a dark spot ou costa ; cell-spot dark ; outer line at

fonr-fifths, curved and tine to the iirst median, then vertical and thicker, also

starting from a dark costal spot ; two dark snbmarginal fasciae, between which runs

the paler snbmarginal line ; fringe concolorons, with minute dark specks in the

basal half opposite the veins.

Ilvii/iciiu/s : the same ; the marginal dusky area broader.

Underside rather darker. Face and palpi black ; vertex, tliorax, and abdomen

concolorons.

Expanse of wings : 12 mm.

Two (S<S from Weenen, Natal, April 189.5.

cf antennae ciliated ; hind tibiae of 6 fully developed, with a terminal pair oi'

large spurs.

141. Sterrha obliquiscripta sp. nov.

Foreioings : wliitish, thickly bnt finely dusted with fuscous atoms ; with five

orey oblique lines : the first, very indistinct, at one-third ; the second median

passing over the black cell-spot ; the third at three-fourths, with hardly perceptible

dark dots on the veins behind : the fourth thicker and nearer the third on inner

margin than on costa : the fifth subtermiual, fine and indistinct : a marginal row of

lilackish dashes ; fringe whitish, with a dark middle line.

Hiiuhcings : with four lines.

Underside darker, especially in forewings, which towards co.sta are suffused

with grey: the outer three lines only shown. Face and ]ialpi dark brown ; vertex,

thorax, and abdomen whitish.

Expanse of wings : 24 mm.

One S from Weenen, Natal, August 1894.

Antennae of c? with fine fascicles of cilia ; hind tibiae simple, short, with

terminal spurs only ; vein 3 in both wings before angle of cell ; vein 7 of hindwings

before upper angle.

142. Sterrha picta sp. nov.

Forewings : silky white : the basal region with a pale violet stain, which forms

a sharp tooth along the median, and runs out along costa to the middle of the wing,

where it becomes deep violet ; first line marked by a deep violet spot on inner

margin at one-third on the edge of the violet tint, with another spot of mixed bright

ochreous and black scales obliquely above it : cell-spot black, distinct, consisting of

raised scales ; outer line at four-fifths, parallel to hinilniargin, bright ochreous,

interrnpted below middle, and becoming deep violet above inner margin : a row of

deep violet marginal dots ; fringe fnll, pure white.

Iliiuhmnga : white ; a minute dark cell-spot and row of marginal dots ; costa

at base and inner margin along middle stained with violet.

Underside of forewings violet-grey, deej)er towanls costa, with the cejl-spot and

marginal spots black ; traces of two wavy snbmarginal lines ; fringe white ; hind-

wings white, with costa stained with violet ; cell-spot and marginal dots black.

Face and fore tibiae and femora deep violet ; palpi and vertex ochreous white :

thorax and abdomen jiure white, the latter with reddish dorsal spots.

( 63 )

Expanse of wings : 19 mm.

One 6 from Weeneu, Natal, January 189.3.

The antennae of the cS are finely ciliated ; tlie hiud tibiae slender, with the

terminal pair of spars only ; veins 6 and 7 of hindwings stalked. At first sight the

violet stain suggests an accidental disfignrenient of the white gronnd-colonr ; but

the perfectly symmetrical outline of it on both wings prevents the acceptance of

this e.xplanation.

143. Sterrha punctilineata sp. nov.

Foreivinqs : white, with delicate dark dusting, especially along the costa ; the

lines oblique, jiarallel to hindmargin ; first indicated only by two spots, one on

submedian vein at one-third, the other on the median ; a distinct blackish cell-dot:

onter line fine, ochreous, at four-fifths, marked with neat dark dashes on the veins

externally : between it and the cell-dot is an obliqne broadish ochreons line or

shade, which api)roaches the exterior line towards costa, where it is somewhat

curved : snbmarginal line ochreous, indistinct ; a black marginal line, containing

dots between the veins ; fringe white, with two lines of fine dark scales.

Jlindwings : similar, the central shade narrower and passing inside round the

cell-spot.

Underside the same : the forewings somewhat tinged with ochreous. Face,

palpi, and collar black : vertex, thorax, and abdomen white.

Expanse of wings : 19 mm.

One (J from Weenen, Natal.

The antennae of cJ are subdentate, with coarse fascicles of cilia : hiud tibiae

short, rather thick, with terminal spurs only : the tarsi long ; vein 3 in both wings

before the angle of cell ; vein 7 of hindwings before the upper angle.

144. Symmacra camearia sp. nov.

Foreiviiiijs : pink, thickly dusted with brick-red scales ; the lines brick-reil ;

first at one-third, bent in cell ; second at two-thirds, irregularly waved and slightly,

oblique ; third at three-fourths, slightly waved, vertical for two-thirds, then bent in

to inner margin near second ; a faint paler waved snbmarginal line ; fringe con-

colorons ; cell-spot annular.

llindwinii^ : with two slightly waved and curved red lines, and a pale sub-

marginal line.

Underside dull pink. Face, vertex, and palpi deep red-browu : collar reddish ;

thorax and abdomen jjinkish.

Expanse of wings : 21 mm.

One ¥ from Labuan, North Borneo, October 1894 (A. Everett).

145. Timandra obsoleta sp. nov.

Foraviiu/s : pale ochreous, with a slight fiesh-coloured tint, and very faintly

irrorated with darker ; the obliqne line very obscurely pinkish or fuscous, or

altogether absent; submarginal line grey, nearly straight and sometimes obsolescent,

but generally finely marked with pink at costa ; fringe ochreous, sometimes pink-

tinged, with a fine pinkish marginal line : cell-dot minute.

lliiidwiuf/s : the same ; the submarginal line, when present, just bent in the

middle ; in both wings tlie area beyond the oblique lino is slightly deeper-coloured

tlian the basal half of the wins.

( 64 )

Underside ochreons, in tlie forowings slightly tinged witli jiiukish aud with

distinct dark irroration : the basal fringe-line dark ; the outer line only marked, and

that indistinctly, grey. Face and jjalpi red-brown; thorax and abdomen concoloroiis

with wings ; vertex paler.

Expanse of wings : 27 mm.

Many examples i'rom the Khasias.

This obscurely marked insect appears quite distinct from any of the hitherto

described species ; it is, at all events, a good local form.

14r,. Timandra ruptilinea sp. nov.

Forewhigs : yellowish ochreons, speckled with rnfons : the costa dotted with

fuscous, more thickly towards base, and with the costal edge from base wholly

fuscous ; cell-spot large, difinse, rosy ; the oblique line obsolete, except at inner

margin, where it is reddish and followed by another short reddish line ; submarginal

line obscure, grey, very sinuous, marked at apex by a dark dash and two or three

dark vein-dots ; fringe reddish ochreous, with a reddish line at base.

HindiciM/s : with the oblique antemedian line faint except at costa, where it is

distinct and brown, followed by a small brownish red blotch ; jwstmedian line

sinuous : basal area of wing paler than outer area.

Underside deeper yellow, with strong rufous aud fuscous irroration ; the outer

line strongly marked ; cell-spots large aud reddish. Face, palpi, and collar deep

red-brown : vertex, thorax, and abdomen pale ochreous.

Expanse of wings : 24 mm.

One S from the Khasias, June 1896.

147. Traminda falcata sji. nov.

Foreicings : ochreous, suffused with dull rosy and irrorated with red : a reddish

oblique line from apex to inner margin beyond middle ; fringe reddish ; cell-spot

deep purple-red, with a white centre.

lliudiri/iys : with the cell-spnt small and inconspicuous, the red obli(|ne line

central.

Underside yellower ochreous, with bright rosy striatious : no trace of a sub-

marginal row of spots either above or below. Thorax and abdomen concolorous ;

head wanting.

Expanse of wings : 25 mm.

One (? from Natal (A. J. Spiller).

Independently of the markings, this species is distinguished by the long narrow

forewing, more arched costa, subfalcate apex, and sinuate hindmargin.

148. Traminda glauca sp. nov.

Forewinga : glaucous green ; a rather darker green paler-edged oblicjue line,

slightly waved, at two-thirds, followed by a scarcely perceptible line of dark green

spots ; fringe concolorous ; no visible cell-spot.

Iliruhcings : the same, with white oval cell-spot.

Underside whitish green, the whole of the forewings and costa of hindwings

suffused with dull rosy: both wings with traces of a line of grey sjmts, ]iarallel and

( 65 )

near to hiudmargin. Palpi, face, and forelegs briglit red : vertex white : head,

thorax, and abdomen green.

Expanse of wings : 34 mm.

One (S from Sierra Leone.

lu the forewings the costa is convex towards apex, which is sabfalcate : hiud-

margin obliqne, hardly curved ; hindwings bluntly elbowed.

Allied til Saalmiiller's decessata from Madagascar, occurring also iu Abyssinia.

149. Traminda rufa sji. nov.

Forewimjs : pinkish ochreous, thickly dusted with pink, either bright or greyisli :

first line at most indicated by three reddish brown dots ; second line darker pink or

reddish, from costa at three-fourths, below which it is slightly curved, to inner margin

beyond middle, followed by a paler shade and a similarly obliiiue row of reddish dots :

cell-spot white, small ; fringe concolorous.

Hituhvimis : the same, but with the cell-spot large and edged thickly with red-

brown, touching the oblique line, which is antemedian.

Underside lil^e upper, but with coarser mottliugs and no oblique line. Head,

thorax, and abdomen pink : the vertex whitish.

Expanse of wings : 26 mm.

Three cj <S from Weenen, Natal.

Saalmiiller's decessata from Madagascar must be very much like this sjiecies,

but green instead of pink ; and as the species of this group occnr of both colours,

this may be a local form.

Subfamily ASTHENINAE.

150. Agnibesa venusta sp. nov.

Foreivings : with the white gronnd-col(,)ur almost wholly hidden by chestnut

and grey suifusion ; basal area with three pairs of thick strongly curved chestnut

lines, alternating with silvery grey lines, the last of the latter being silvery white ;

a broad median chestnut fascia, tinged with orange on costa and towards its inner

€dge, traversed by a single angled silvery grey line ; marginal area purplish grey,

traversed by a narrow indistinct, a broader more distinct, and a still broader more

rufous-tinged marginal dark grey band, all bent, correspondingly witli the edge of

the median fascia, opposite the cell, the interval on each side of the central more

distinct band becoming white on the costa ; below the submedian fold the median

fascia and the outer bands are obsolete, the inner margin becoming white ; fringe

rufous grey, white below.

Hindwing.s : white, wilh abroad antemedian and postmedian and double sub-

marginal olive-grey band.

Underside of forewings dull purple-brown, witli the inner margin and some costal

Ijlotches whitish : hindwings white. Head and thorax chestnut ; abdomen white.

Expanse of wings : 32 mm.

Two 6 6 from Sikkim, July 1889 (Pilcher %.).

( 66 )

Subfamily TRICUOPTERYGINAE.

151. Remodesf?) confxisidentata sp. nov.

Foretoings : dnil grey-greeii, with darker green confusedly dentate vertical

lines ; basal patch edged by a dark green line, and containing two or three less plain

lines ; inner edge of central fascia formed by a similar dentate line, marked with

very dark green on costa, median and snbmedian veins ; the paler green band between

the basal patch and central fascia traversed by a fine similarly dentate line : enter

band of central fas(^ia consisting of three irregularly dentate dark green lines, the

middle of the fascia remaining pale green and containing a small dark green cell-

spot ; snbmarginal line dark green, very distinct, irregularly bent and dentate,

preceded and followed by a paler green band traversed by a fine green waved line ;

a marginal row of deep green lunnlcs between tlie veins, which are pale green ; a

row of black marginal spots at ends of veins ; fringe yellowish green, with a yellowish

basal line.

Hindwings : brownish grey.

Underside reddish grey. Paljii witli the very long second joint straight, pale

green, terminal joint black with ochrcous tip ; face and vertex pale green ; thorax

darker green ; abdomen cinereous green ; antennae ochreons green at base, becoming

black in the outer half.

Expanse of wings : 32 mm.

One ? from Pieter Jilaritzbnrg, Natal.

The hindmargin of the hindwings is decidedly crenulate. This species some-

what resembles Remodes (?) angulosa Warr. from Amboina ; but the dentations of

the lines are neither so regular nor so deep, and the lines are nearly vertical

tliroughout. The type being a ?, the genus must for the present remain doubtful,

like that of angulosa.

152. Remodes (?) denigrata s}). nov.

? . Forewings : pale whitish green, the cross lines bright yellowish green ; a

green spot on c^osta at base, followed by a broadish diffuse fascia, its inner edge concise

and angled on subcostal vein ; separated from central fascia by a broad band of the

ground-colour, traversed by two green lines, the first denticulate, the second waved:

central fascia composed of first a green shade, broad on costa, narrowing to a point

on inner margin, next a narrow almost obsolete band of ground-colour, and last a

series of three or four waved lines, wliich at the costa form two green bands : these

four lines become purple from vein fi to the snbmedian, the inner shade being purple

only below the median ; following the central fascia comes a band of the ground-

colour, traversed by a single denticulate green line and two curved green fasciae, the

first the broadest, diffusely waved externally, both concisely edged externally ; a

row of dark green spots at the ends of the veins ; fringe green, the inner half darker.

Hindwings : pale grey, with ochreous fringe.

Underside rufous cinereous ; forewings in cell and along costa dull olive-green.

Face, palpi, thorax, and base of abdomen bright green : abdomen grey, tinged with

green ; antennae ochreous, becoming dark grey towards tips.

Expanse of wings : 32 mm.

( 67 )

One ? from Perak.

Distiugnislieil by the bright yellow-green tint and the total absence of black

scaling. It is referred to Betnodrs provisionally.

Steirophora gen. nov.

Allieil to Sauris Guen. and Remodes Gnen., bnt the hindwings in the J arefnlly

developed, as in Phthonoloha Warr. : characterised by a long, horny, scaled, tongne-

shaped process from the base of the abdomen in the S, lying beneath, and reaching

to the end of, the long second segment. Hind tibiae without spnrs ; fore tibiae with

a long tnft of hair from the femoro-tibial joint. Palpi rostriform, twice as long as

head ; antennae ligulate, with pointed apex.

Neuration : as in Sau/is.

Type : Steirophora punctatissima sp. nov.

Besides the two species now described, I find that the insect named by me

Phthonoloha olivacea, Pr. Z. S. 1893, p. 363, mast also be referred to this genus.

153. Steirophora auratisquama sp. nov.

Forewings : pale silvery grey, more or less suffused with blackish scales ; the

veins markeil with gilded yellowish green, and often with scales of the same colour

suffused over the basal half and along the subcostal region ; a dark line close to

base, and two be3'ond representing the basal fascia, starting from a blackish costal

blotch; central fascia broader on costa than inner margin, its inner edge consisting

of two, and its outer of three, wavy lines, more or less marked with blackish,

and forming blackish spots on costa ; submarginal fascia curved, narrower, con-

sisting of two lines, also forming a blackish costal blotch, and with a blackish

blotch beyond it opposite the cell : subtermiual line consisting of black sagittate

marks, often much obscured : a marginal line of black lozenge-shaped spots ; fringe

pale grey, with darker grey blotches on basal half intermediate between the black

spots of hindmargin. (In one ¥ there is a total absence of the blackish irroration ;

the gilded yellow scales are pale olive-green, and all the markings clearer and more

distinct.)

Hindtvings : dull smoky-grey ; the fringe concolorous.

Face and thorax gre}', mixed with yellowish or olive-green scales ; abdomen

grey; antennae anniUated, dark and light ; palpi fuscous and ochreous. Underside

dull brownish cinereous, with an olive-j-ellow tinge.

Expanse of wings : cJ, 30 mm. ; ? , 36 mm.

Java: one J, three ? ?, from West Java ; one ? from Bandong ; two ? ?

from South Java.

1.54. Steirophoi'a punctatissima sp. nov.

Foretvings : yellowish green, very finely and thickly powdered with dark scales;

the transverse lines all formed of black more or less wedge-shajied spots on the

veins; a double series close to base, and a similar one beyond ; central fascia con-

sisting of two inner and three outer rows ; snbmarginal fascia also of two rows, with

a darker blotch beyond cell ; a marginal line of large black Innules, their convex

side outwards ; fringe concolorous ; the pale spaces between the fasciae are also

each traversed by a less prominent line of smaller spots or dots.

( 68 )

Hindwings : yellowish cinereous, darker towards the hindmargiu, with a paler

carved fascia at two-thirds ; the cell-spot dark.

Underside pale dnll cinereous. Head, thorax, and ahdomen olive-ochreous ; the

vertex and thorax mixed with dark jrrecn : antennae annnlated green and fnscons.

Expanse of wings : 40 mm.

One c? from Bonthain, S. Celebes, 5000—7000 feet, October 1895 (A. Everett).

The wings of this species are narrower, the forewings much more pointed, with

hindmargin more oblique than in the others.

155. Trichopterigia nigrisculpta sp. uov.

Forewings ; creamy white, the costa yellowish : marked simply witli black

lines and spots ; a curved line close to base, from which a black line rnns in along

inner margin to base ; inner line at one-fourth, strongly ontcnrved in cell ; central

fascia marked by two sinuous lines, the inner of which is inangnlated on subcostal

vein before being ontcnrved in the cell, and the outer is double, both incurved

below the middle and approximated, oblique ontwards below the submedian vein ;

submarginal line sinuous, double, interrupted above and below cell, followed by

conical patches of black scales between the veins ; a submarginal row of horizontal

black dashes on the veins, touching pairs of black spots on the margin and

followed in the white fringes by black spots ; the space before and after the central

fascia is traversed by a sinuous line of black dashes on the veins, starting from an

oblique costal streak.

Hindwings : white ; the fringe with faint grey dots at end of veins.

Underside white, with the lines showing through. Face and palpi white, the

latter dark grey externally ; forelegs mottled black and white : thorax and abdomen

white ; thorax speckled with grey, and with the outside of the patagia black and

ochreons ; abdomen with a black dorsal line.

Expanse of wings : 39 mm.

One ? from Darjiling, March 1889 (POcher leg.).

Subfamily TEPHROCLYSTIINAE.

Aetheolepis papillosa Warr., Nov. Zool. III. ]>. 124.

At the time I described the $ of this species the ? was unknown. It proves

to be very much like the ? of Gijmnopera Tubroviridis, but without any red scales iu

the cell.

Forewings : ample, pale grey or whitish green ; the lines deeper green,

especially at the costa ; basal jiatch small, edged by a dark green line and with

another line close to base ; a similar dark green curved line forms the inner edge of

the central fascia ; the outer edge is angled on vein 6, and less strongly again on

vein 4, below which it is marked only by dark dots on veins ; three similarly angled

green lines are visible within the fascia : submarginal line double, dark green ; a

dark green macular line before the margin ; the pale bands on each side of the

central fascia are each traversed by a fine green line ; fringe pale green, chequered

with darker.

Hindwings : paler, with four curved lines, only the outer two being distinct.

Most of the lines on the forewings are marked on the veins with blackish scales.

( 69 )

Underside of both wings dull green, with the markings grey .and obscure.

Head, thorax, and abdomen pale green : the latter dark at the base and anal

segment, and with a black lateral line. The same size as the cj.

This species occnrs also in Sikkim : a cJ and two ? ? are recorded from the

Pilcher Collection, taken, the c? in A])ril, the ? ? in May and July 1889. In this

cJ the underside of the hindwings is pink rather than dull brown.

Chloroplintha gen. nov.

S. ForewinffS : broad; costa strongly arched at base, then straight till just

before apex, which is produced but bluntly rounded ; hindmargiu well curved ;

inner margin convex and fringed beyond the middle.

IlitKhcinys : with both angles anil the hindmargin rounded.

Abdomen short and stout ; palpi reaching well beyond forehead, second joint

laxly scaled, third short with smooth scales ; tongue and frenulum present, the

latter fine ; antennae filiform, the joints minutely angular ; hind tibiae with four

spurs.

Neurution : as in Cliloroclijstis, vein II, after anastomosis, becoming coincident

with 12 ; the snbmedian sinuous. The hindwings above are covered with a thick

pile in place of scales and at the base with long hairs. On the underside both

wings have coarse and mealy scales.

Type : Chloroplintha vdiitina sp. nov.

156. Chloroplintha velutina sp. nov.

Foreicings : very pale green : a black curved streak close to base ; inner edge

of central fascia distinct, slightly curved and with an angulation on the snbmedian

fold, blackish on costa and inner margin, pinkish brown between ; the outer edge

only plain on inner margin, where it is blackish, represented by a double curved

row of black dashes on the veins, angled beyond cell, where it is preceded by some

jiiukish brown scales, and ending in a black costal spot beyond the middle: a curved

series of black dashes also represents the submarginal line ; between the black

dashes the veins are marked with series of white dashes ; on the inner margin the

centre of the fascia is represented by a whitish mark traversed by two fine black

lines ; a slightly darker green shade precedes the hindmargin, which has a dark

marginal line ; fringe greenish, chcipiered with darker.

Hinchviiigs : dull brownish grey; the fringe of the same colour, short and

curled.

Underside dull rufous grey ; the apical area of forewings green. Head, thoraX)

and abdomen pale green, the thorax with some dark scales intermixed, the abdomen

with a black ring at base.

Expanse of wings : 28 mm.

Two S cJ from Bonthain, S. Celebes, .5000—7000 feet, October 1895 (A. Everett).

157. Gymnoscelis coquina sp. nov.

Forezvings : sordid ochreous, the irrorations and markings fuscous mixed with

rufous, in some specimens with a tinge of olive-green ; basal area with four or five

denticulated dark lines, angled below costa, the outermost, which is placed before

the middle of wing, forming a strong projection in the cell; outer line at two-thirds.

( 70 )

denticulate, aud bluntly angled in the cell, dark fuscous, preceded by a fuscous

shade and obscure transverse lines, which pale off towards the first line, followed by

a denticulate pale and another dark line ; submargiual line uniformly denticulate,

pale, preceded by a fuscous shade, which also grows paler towards the second line :

marginal area fuscous ; a sijuare pale ochreons or whitish blotch on hindmaro'in

between veins 3 aud 4, interrupting the snbmargiual line ; fringe dark fuscous, with

a blackish marginal line at base, interrupted by pale spots at the ends of the veins,

which are produced as pale dashes through the dark fringes.

Ilimlwings : with the basal two-thirds reddish fuscous, the outer line thicker

and darker than in forewiugs, followed, as in them, by a pale and a dark line, but

the dark line is again followed by a broad pale space ; marginal area reddish

fnscons, traversed by the denticulate snbmarginal line and with a pale patch as in

forewings; extreme inner margin marked with reddish and blackish scales, precedcil

by a longitudinal space along the fold which is ])alo ochreons and without dark

irroratiou.

Underside dull grey. Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreons, mixed with

fuscous ; palpi darker towards the tips.

Expanse of wings : 19 mm.

Several examples of both sexes from Cedar Bay, Cooktown (A. S. Meek).

Allied to G. ectochlora Hmpsn. from India.

158. Gymnoscelis pallidirufa sj>. nov.

Forewings: whitish, the basal and marginal areas suffused with dull rufous:

the median slightly dusted with grey scales, edged with blackish, preceded and

followed by a whitish fascia traversed by a rufous grey line ; edge of basal patch

and inner edge of central fascia oblique inwards towards inner margin ; outer edge

of fascia straight to vein 4, then angled and oblique inwards ; snbmargiual line pale,

denticulated ; central fascia crossed liy wavy grey lines and tinged along costa with

rufous ; fringe grey, with dark spots at base between the veins.

Ilindwings : like forewings, the snbmargiual area with a small whitish blotch

in the middle.

Underside dull rufous grey, with the markings indistinct. Head, thorax, and

abdomen pale grey, with darker scales intermixed.

Expanse of wings : 19 mm.

One ? from Bonthain, S. Celebes, 5000— TOOU feet, October 1895 (A. Everett).

The antennae are thickened and finely serrate : it is probably akin to Tramba

tibialis Moore ; iu the absence of the S it may be left at present in Gi/mnoscelis.

Syncosmia gen. nov.

Agreeing in the nenration of forewings with Chlorocbistis, of which it is a

develojiment. Hindwiugs of S with the inner margin towards anal angle developed

into an ear-shaped lobe, which is folded over flat on the u]iperside, the margin from

the angle to vein 5 being straight ; veins 3 and 4 both from the lower angle of cell-

The palpi are long, porrect, clothed with long hairs from the base, which wholly

conceal the joints ; antennae thickened and ciliated.

Type : Syncosmia patinata sp. nov.

( 71 )

159. Syncosmia patinata sp. nov.

Foreivings : mainly greenish ; the basal area pinkish ochreous, with a short

vertical blackish line near base, some blackish scales, and two curved blackish lines

towards the ontside ; central fascia with its inner edge formed by a thick black

band curved like the two lines of the basal patch, the rest green, the outer edge

waved, angled at vein 6, and with a bilobed projection below middle, with two

waved dark lines within it ; a j)ale similarly waved submargiual fascia with two dark

lines through it, and pinkish on the costa, followed on costa by an oblique blackish

and rufous blotch; marginal area pure dark green, unmarked; marginal line finely

black : fringe ochreous, with dark grey patches opposite the veins.

Ilindicings : whitish, tinged with grey along the hindmargin ; the inner

margin, lobe, and fringe ochreous.

Underside of forewings dull cinereous, with the markings indistinct ; of hind-

wings whitish. Paljn green, with the tips black: face, vertex, thorax, and abdomen

pinkisli ochreous, the two last thickly marked with black.

Expanse of wings : IG mm.

One (? from the Khasias, May 1896.

Closely related to Cliloroclijstis trichoplwra Hmjisu., which may perhaps be

included in the genus, though the structure of the hindwings appears to differ.

160, Tephroclystia sagittata sp. nov.

Foretcings : pale fawn-colour ; the lines starting as black spiots on the costa ;

first line close to base ; second in middle, passing over the strongly marked black

discal spot, then with a single strong curve inwards running to inner margin beyond

middle : third at two-thirds, slightly angled below costa, then curving parallel to

middle line and minutel}' waved into the anal angle ; submargiual line ver)' indistinct,

indicated by a dark spot on costa and a brownish cloud at anal angle ; a thin strong

black marginal line at base of the fringes, interrupted by the paler veins ; the costa

is marked with a black spot beyond the first line and before the second, these being

the beginning.s of lines which cross the wing jiarallel to but much fainter than the

lines which are visible, and similar faint lines are visible between the second and

third lines.

Hindwings : paler, with two submargiual lines of black wedge-shaped

markings ; fringe and basal line as in forewings. Head, thorax, and abdomen

concolorous.

Underside paler, with the markings indicated.

Expanse of wings : 25 mm.

Oue ? from Weeiien, Natal.

161. Ziridava xylinaria subrubida subsp. nov.

Like typical xi/linuria Wlk. above ; the underside dull rosy, with the costa,

hindmargin, and broad postmediau fascia smoky black ; hindwings with marginal

half blackish.

Oue 6 from Indrulamau, Bonthain, S. Celebes, 2300 feet, September 1895

(A. Everett).

Walker's type was from Sarawak ; in his description he does not mention the

underside. Hampson, in III. Lep. Ilet. VIII. p. 106, gives the underside as paler.

( 72 )

SUBFASHLY HYDRIOMENINAE.

162. Epirrhoe latigrisea up. nov.

Forewinffs : cinereons, tiuged in parts witli rnfons : inner edge of central fascia

from costa before one-third, obtusely bent in cell, then straight to inner margin,

whitish, with a dark edge ; a similar line limits the basal patch, which contains

two dark lines : onter edge of central fascia beyond two-thirds, i)arallel in the main

to hindmargin and slightly projecting above middle, whitisli with a dark inner edge ;

the fascia itself darker than the rest of the wing, and with two dark central lines ;

central fascia edged by a pale grey space, most distinct on inner margin ; marginal

area dark fuscons, the sabmargiual line hardly visible ; the apex greyer ; fringe

fnscons, with dark basal line.

llhuhciiigs : similar, without basal markings.

Underside cinereous, with indistinct markings. Head, thorax, and abdomen

all cinereons.

Expanse of wings : 26 mm.

One ? from Zomba, Upper Shiri River, 3000 feet, December 1895 (Dr. P.

llendall).

163. Ochyria dispar sp. uov.

(J. Forewings : purplish fuscous, varied with grey and rufous: a dark line

close to base ; basal area varied witli rufous and foscous, and i)ounded by a thick

curved blackish fascia, which is also mixed with rufous ; fascia between basal area

and central band very narrow, pale grey, edged finely with whitish, and angled on

tlie submedian fold ; median area broad, the outer edge beyond two-thirds of costa,

indented opposite the cell and below vein 2, with a bilobed short projection

between, dark purplish fuscous, containing three blackish dentate lines, two towards

the outer edge dentate inwards, and one towards the inner edge dentate outwards

and tonching the blackish cell-spot ; tliis fascia is edged with whitish externally

along its upper half, and followed liy a grey baud containing a grey and a black

waved line, and marked with rufous opposite the cell ; submarginal line waved, grey,

followed by short black lunnles and preceded by long black blotches, which are

laterally joined ; fringe purple-fnscous ; all the grey lines are slightly metallic.

Uindtcings : smoky grey, with a black cell-spot and traces of a pale bent post-

median band and waved submarginal line ; marginal line fine, blackish ; fringe

fuscous.

Underside dark grey, with cell-specks and three obscure curved dark lines.

Head and thorax dark fuscous ; abdomen wanting ; antennae subdentatc, with

fascicles of cilia.

? with all the grey markings replaced by rufous ochraceous, especially the two

pale ftisciae tliat edge the median area ; the projection of the median band stronger

and the sinuses above and below it deeper. Underside tinged with ochraceous ; the

costa towards apex and the fringes ochraceous ; the lines more distinct'; abdomen

dark jjurplish fuscous.

Expanse of wings : 38 mm.

One c?, two ? ?, from North Luzon, 5000— 600U feet (Whitehead).

( 73 )

104. Triphosa corrasata sp. no v.

Forewings : olive-grey, with a flesh-c(il(inred tiut ; liues double, velvety black,

with paler centres, all interrnpted ; a dark blotch at base of costa ; a double basal

line acutely angled on the subcostal vein, ending at the median, whence a faint

single line can be traced towards base of iuner margin ; edge of basal patch indicated

by a much broader double line also angled on the subcostal, marked on median and

submediaii veins, interrupted in cell and submedian fold : inner edge of central fascia

marked by a brown triangle on costa, a blotch on the median, and a small spot on

the submedian : the pale space between basal patch and fascia marked by dots on

the veins, indicating a traversing line ; cell-spot black, close to the costal triangle ;

outer edge of fascia marked by an oblique costal blotch, preceded by a short zigzag

line ; submarginal line marked by a double costal blotch, a smaller one beyond cell,

and a serpentine streak above anal angle, all these with ferruginous centre;

intervening space marked by a sinuous row of dots on veins ; a row of black

marginal Innules : fringe olive-grey.

Hindwings : with two dark lines at base ; a blade cell-spot ; two faint grey

wavy median lines : a wavy black postmedian line and double waved submarginal

line, the latter interrupted between veins 3 and 4, and only distinct below, where it

is tinged with ferruginous ; margin and fringe as in forewings.

Underside dull pinkish cinereous, with indistinct markings, black cell-spots, and

rows of black dots on veins. Palpi and front of thorax blackish ; face grey, with a

black bar above ; vertex brown ; thorax and abdomen pinkish grey, with a few black

specks.

Expanse of wings : .58 mm.

Two ? ? from the Khasias, May 1800.

165. Xanthorhoe dissociata sji. uov.

? . Foreicings : greyish oehreous, almost wholly suffused with dull brick-red ;

basal area small, brick-red, edged with a brown wavy line oblique inwards, followed

by a broad paler band, ochreons and red, containing three irregularly dentate brick-

red lines ; central fascia very broad, brick-red ; its inner edge waved like the liues

of the preceding band, the outer at live-sixths, slightly indented opposite cell, and

more strongly on the submedian fold, with a slight blunt prominence between, con-

taining seven dentate darker red lines, three towards the base and four externally,

the inner pair sometimes connected on the median vein ; cell-spot black, of slightly

raised scales ; the fascia is finely edged with white, followed by a red line and then

by two dentate dark lines, on a pale whitish or yellowish ground, before the paler

dentate submarginal line ; marginal space darker, interrupted by a pale oblique

apical streak ; marginal line formed of pairs of black dots ; fringe reddish.

Hindwings : dull grey, with four sinuous darker antemedian and four post-

median similar lines, the space between the lines slightly paler.

Underside of forewing grey, thickly speckled with red above the median ;

whitish grey, hardly speckled, below it ; cell-spot distinct ; outer line dark, followed

by a pale line, both indistinct below the middle : hindwings white, densely speckled

with black and slightly with red : cell-spot distinct ; onter line marked. Face j)ale

reddish ; palpi and vertex dark red ; thorax and abdomen reddish grey.

S with the lines much less i)rominent : the central fascia only half as wide, the

( 74 )

€dges obliijue aud wavy, white ; the red lines of the fascia close together, forming

two red bands, embracing a central pale olive-ochreons space ; marginal area greyish,

tinged with fnscoas towards the edge, the dentate lines indistinct: a darker costal spot

before the pale apical streak ; hindwings with the markings more distinct, and

coloured towards inner margin.

Expanse of wings : ? , 36 — 38 mm. ; S, 32 — 30 mm.

One cJ, four ? $ , from North Luzon (Whitehead).

Very mucli like a large X.fernigata CI.

liwi. Xanthorhoe dissociata ali. nigrimedia uov.

In this aV)erration the transverse lines are nearly all absent ; the basal patch is

TufoDS, edged with white ; the central fascia black-brown, with the dark lines distinct

only towards costa, edged by a white line and followed )iy a pinkish white space in

which the lines are marked by a pair of dots on each vein ; the margin suffused

with dark fuscous ; tlie costal sjiot black-brown. Hindwings and underside as in

the type. Abdomen grey, with a bright red basal band.

One S from X. Luzon.

Hardly recognisable at first as being the same species ; but the luiderside is

precisely the same as in the tj-pe-form.

167. Xanthorhoe dissociata ab. iniptifascia nov.

Forewings wholly dull reddish brown, the lines faintly darker ; central fascia

shaded with brown towards costa, aud ^^•ith a lilack horizontal blotch from edge to

edge above the median, and a smaller black blotch below submedian, not reaching

the outer edge ; apical streak hardly paler ; the costal blotch reddish brown.

One S from N. Luzon.

168. Xanthorhoe everetti sp. nov.

S. Foreu'ings : dull grey, dusted with darker grey: the markings brownish

grey ; basal patch narrow, its outer edge straight, [aud traversed by two or three

straight dark lines ; central fascia with the inner edge curved, the outer slightly bent

below costa, and with a blunt prominence on vein 4, formed of two smaller fasciae,

which meet on the median, enclosing above it an irregular oval pale space, on the

inside edge of which lies the black cell-spot, and above the inner margin two narrow

annnli ; these fasciae are sometimes marked with blackish sutTusiou above the

median ; submarginal line indistinct, pale, and wavy ; both the pale interspaces and

the darker fasciae are traversed by numerous wavy darker lines ; marginal line

formed of pairs of dark spots ; fringe grey.

Hindwings: paler dull grey, with numerous transverse curved lines, which are

chiefly visible on inner margin, forming a broadish central and narrower submarginal

fascia ; cell-spot black, before the edge of the central fascia.

Underside dull cinereous, with tlie cell-spots and edges of the fascia blackish.

Head, thorax, and abdomen all dull grey, tinged with brownish.

In the ? the ground-colour is paler, somewhat tinged with olive, while the

dark markings are more decidedly reddish ; all the lines and markings much more

concise ; the fascia margined on both sides with a narrow black-edged whitish line.

Expanse of wings : d", 30 mm. ; ? , 32 mm.

( 75 )

One ?,two SS, from Bonthain, S. Celebes, 5000—7000 feet. October 1S95

<A. Everett).

Allied to A', r/esif/nata Hufn. : the S <S are somewhat worn, and way possibl}',

•when fresh, have had the markings as distinct as in the ? .

Subfamily OURAPTERYGINAE.

169. Ourapteryx convergens sp. nov.

Forewings: white; the markings pnrple-lirown, with pnrjile-gre}' centres ; costa

marked with a few brown spots near base ; an irregnlar (ibliijne blotch from costa

near base reaching the submedian fold ; two oblique streaks from costa at one-third

and two-thirds converging to anal angle, containing between them a discal streak

starting from costa ; an irregnlar macnlar snbmarginal band, broken up near costa,

and narrowed to a point before anal angle : a uniformly broad marginal band not

reaching anal angle ; the fringe dark along it and white below ; a horizontal streak

from base along the submedian vein, not quite reaching the first oblique band ; a

narrower streak along the inner margin itself joining the first band.

Hindwinqs : with the markings duller ; a streak along the submedian vein ;

another along the median and first median nervule uniting with a curved macular

band from middle of costa to form a V-shaped mark ; a sinuous snbmarginal band

from costa before apex to anal angle, followed in its upper half by an aggregation

of greyish blue strigae ; five black snbmarginal spots ; fringe rufous, with a fine

black marginal line.

Underside like upper. Face and jialjii brown ; vertex, thorax, and abdomen

white.

Expanse of wings : 54 mm.

One ? from Simla, May 1896.

Near to 0. excellens Butler from Kashmir.

170. Ourapteryx incaudata sp. nov.

Forewings : white, the costa at base reddish ; two faint, pale brown, oblique,

and parallel lines at one-third and two-thirds ; fringe whitish, with a faintly darker

marginal line.

llindicings : with the inner line of forewings continued for two-thirds of wing ;

hindmargiu bluntly elbowed at vein 4.

Underside white ; the costa of forewings yellowish. Face, palpi, antennae, and

a streak on each shoulder bright ferruginous ; vertex, thorax, and abdomen white.

Expanse of wings : 5(3 mm.

One ? from Kina Balu (A. Everett).

The tail reduced to a small tooth.

SiBFAMiLY PALYADINAE.

Lampadopteryx gen. nov.

Forewings : broad and short ; costa arched throughout : apex rectangular :

hindmargin slightly curved : anal angle square.

HindiviiK/s : very ample, with rounded hindmargin.

Palpi minute ; antennae of ? filiform, slender ; abdomen very short, only half

as long as inner margin of hiudwings.

( 76 )

Iseuration : forewings, cell not half as long as wing ; first median at three-

fonrths, second just before lower angle of cell ; radials normal : 7 and 8 stalked:

11 anastomosing with 12 ; 9 and 10 absent. Hindwings with 3 and 7 both rising

before ends of cell.

Tyjw : Lampadopteryx scivtillans sp. nov.

171. Lampadopterjrx scintillans sj). nov.

Foreicings : velvety brown-black, with eight curved rows of spots of brilliant

silvery blue scales — three basal, one antemedian, two postmedian, one snbmarginal,

and one marginal ; fringe brown, with a white fleck below apex.

Hindwings : with four rows of spots — antemedian, median, postmedian, and sub-

marginal ; hindraargin becoming white ; the fringe white, brown at apex, where

there is a single spot of the marginal row of scales.

Underside brown in forewings ; the costa tinged with bluish white : a median

fascia of white spots between the veins. Hindwings pale bluish white, with three

interrupted brown fasciae — one median, one postmedian, the third snbmarginal,

forming a blotch at apex, and followed at anal angle by a short marginal line.

Face brown, with four white spots : vertex brown, with a white spot on each side ;

thorax and abdomen brown, with scattered lustrous scales.

Expanse of wings : 28 mm.

Two ? ? from Sandakan, N. Borneo, July 1893.

The spangles vary from blue to silvery, and the ground-colour from browu to

brilliant garnet, according to the incidence of light.

172. Tasta chalybeata sj). nov.

Like T. mieaceafa Wlk. from Borneo, but the metallic scales are steel-blue

and silvery, not gilded ; in the pale olive snbmarginal space of the forewings there

is a row of separate steel-blue spots between the veins, not a confused shade. In

the hindwings the elliptic ocelloid spot has its shorter axis towards the base of tlie

wing : in micaeea/a the reverse is the case.

A pair from Bua-Kraeug, South Celebes, 5000 feet, February 1896 (Frnhstorfer).

The examples from the Khasia Hills agree with the Celebes form, not with the

Bornean.

Subfamily DEILINIINAE.

173. Aplochlora invisibilis sp. nov.

Forewings : dull mealy green, with a dark linear cell-mark and the fringe

green.

Hindivings : the same, with small obscure dark green cell-spot.

Underside paler, somewhat glossy, with an obscure dark snbmarginal fascia on

each wing. Head, thorax, and abdomen concolorous.

E.xpanse of wings : 20 mm.

One ? from Akassa, 11. Niger.

Eugnesia gen. nov.

A development of Parasynegia and Sgntaracta ; distinguished liy the perfectly

simple antennae of the 6; both wings more elongated and narrow; the legs very

( 77 )

long ; hind tibiae of S with fonr spurs. Forewings without fovea ; the retinaculum

a tuft of hairs.

Type : Eugncsia correspondens sp. nov.

174. Eugnesia (?) aurantiaca sp. nov.

Foretcings : dull yellow, witli dull orauge-red specklings and markings : costa

paler, dotted with black ; cell-siiot deep orauge-red ; first line hardly marked,

except by a blotch on inner margin at one-third ; second line diffuse and broad at

two-thirds, outcurved above and bent in on the submedian fold, its outer edge

denticulate ; some submarginal blotches in place of a line : a row of small blackisli

marginal dots between the veins ; fringe coucolorous.

Ilindimigs : the same.

Underside paler and duller. Head, thorax, and abdomen mottled, orange-red

and yellowish.

Expanse of wings : 32 mm. '

One ? from Geraldton, near Cairns, Queensland (A. S. Meek).

I refer this ? to Eugnesia in consequence of the length of the antennae and the

bulging of the hindmargin of the hindwings in the middle.

175. Eugnesia correspondens sji. nov.

Forewings : ochreous yellow, thickly sprinkled with orange speckles, which

often become confluent ; costa and lines grey or dark grey ; the first at one-tliird,

the second at two-thirds, the first preceded, the second followed by black dots on

veins, the one thereby becoming dentate inwards, the other dentate outwards ;

submarginal variable, sometimes simply orange or orange mixed with grey, partially

interrupted, irregularly wavy, more or less connected with dark blotches below

apex, in middle and above anal angle ; a blackish cell-spot, and row of black

marginal sjiots, these last variable in size and sometimes obsolete ; fringe yellowish,

chequered with dark.

Hindwings : the same.

Underside pale ochreous, the markings grey. Face, vertex, thorax, and abdomen

yellow, dotted with orange ; the abdomen in J with dark dorsal spots.

Expanse of wings : 35 — 39 mm.

One c?, two ? ?, from N. Luzon (Whitehead).

170. Eugnesia correspondens ab. concurrens nov.

In this example the costa of forewings and all three lines are dark purplish

grey, thick and diffuse ; the space between the second and third lines from inner

margin to vein 4 is entirely filled uj) with purplish grey or l)lackisli, and connected

with similar-coloured blotches on hindmargin below apex and in the middle ; the

abdomen also has a purplish grey blotch at base.

One <S from N. Luzon (Whitehead).

177. Eugnesia correspondens ab. suffusa nov.

Wings almost wholly sufi'used with orange, overspread with grey ; the hind-

margins only remaining pale yellow, with orange speckles.

One S from N. Luzon.

(78)

178. Eugnesia sanguinata sp. nov.

Forewings : pale yellow, overrim with deep blood-red, leaving only isolated

patches of the gronnd-colour, viz. one at the base, one before and one after the

red cell-spot, and a larger one on the snbmcdian fold in the centre ; a narrow

interrupted obliqne first line and a slightly curved and interrupted outer line,

neither reaching the costa : submarginal line denoted by a few pale specks ; costa

yellowish, with numerous short blackish strigae ; fringe yellow, chequered broadly

with dark brown at the ends of the veins.

Hindtcings : with the blotches representing the outer and submarginal lines

more developed, and with four large irregular blotches in basal half, that at the

end of the cell the largest ; fringe yellow, preceded by a narrow paler yellow space

along hindmargin, containing deep red-brown spots at the ends of the veins.

Underside dnll rosy, with the paler spots faintly indicated. Palpi blood-red,

witli the tips of all the joints yellow ; face red, with the centre yellow : thorax and

abdomen blood-red, varied with yellow.

Expanse of wings : 32 mm.

One (? from Eoon I., Dutch New Guinea (W. Doherty).

The hindwings have the rounded hindmargin slightly produced in the middle.

179. Heterostegane aridata sp. nov.

Forewings : pale yellow, irrorated with darker yellow ; the costa ferruginous

thronghont, darker from base to middle, with minute dark striae ; an irregularly

waved brown line in middle, starting from a dark costal spot, and touching a small

black cell-dot ; a similar but more obscurely marked line at three-fourths ; traces

of a submarginal line near costa only : fringe yellow, with no dark basal line.

Hindwings : with black cell-dot, and faint curved antemedian and postmedian

lines.

Underside yellow, with the cell-dots black, and the basal half of forewings, as

far as the submedian fold, brown. Thorax and abdomen yellow ; face, palpi, and

collar yellow, marked with ferruginous.

Expanse of wings : 19 mm.

One i from Weenen, Natal, October 1895.

180. Heterostegane indularia Gnen. ab. calidata nov.

Guenee's type of Steqania induhu-ia was from Abyssinia ; the species occurs

also in S. Africa, but appears to be very variable in the strength of the markings.

The extreme form here described might well be mistaken for a separate species.

Instead of the pale yellow gronnd-colour of the type, its ground-colour is deep

yellow ; the ferruginons markings of the type are intensified, and, besides, the other

three lines, basal, median, and exterior, are all marked, wavy and denticulate, in

ferruginous, the costa being deep ferruginous throughout. The difference is not

sexnal, both sexes occurring from Natal agreeing with the type-form and with the

aberration.

181. Hydatocapnia fumosa sp. nov.

Forewings: ashy grey, dnsted with darker, becoming purplish grey beyond the

outer line ; costa purplish grey ; cell-spot black, distinct ; first line obscure, at

( 'y )

one-fourtb ; second line at two-thirds, irregularl}' waved and somewliat dentate

dark purplish, to inner margin just before anal angle : a row of blackish marginal

spots : fringe concolorons.

Jlimlwincis : the same, but with a small cell-spot.

Underside paler, with a smoky purplish grey marginal fascia. Head, thorax,

and abdomen dark grey, mixed with jjaler ; vertex and shaft of antennae

whitish grey.

Expanse of wings : 26 mm.

Two ? ? from "Warri, River Niger, February 1896 (Dr. Roth).

182. Orthocabera conspicua sp. nov.

Forewings : milk-white ; the costa bronzy ochreous, striated with fuscous : a

fnscous dot on the subcostal vein just before the origin of vein 6 ; an orange-red dot

at middle of discocellalar, with some scattered scales of the same colour beyond it

along vein 5 ; a curved single orange-red streak from the discocellular dot to base

of inner margin ; a ferruginous oblique line from costa before apex to middle of

inner margin, widening downwards, in its lower course consisting of three lines,

ferruginous, yellowish, and lilac-grey, bent below costa above and beneath vein 7;

followed by a ferruginous line starting from a ferruginous spot on vein 7, succeeded

by an irregularly waved fine rusty line ; fringe pale ochreous, without any

marginal line.

Hinihcinijs : with an antemedian triple-coloured line, a thick ferruginous

postmedian line, followed by a regularly waved rusty line ; fringe ochreous, with

some rnst-coloured scales at base towards apex only.

Underside white. Thorax, abdomen, and lower half of face white ; palpi, upper

half of face, and vertex bright ferruginous.

Expanse of wings : 48 mm.

One ? from Toli-Toli, North Celebes, November 1895 (Fruhstorfer).

183. Parasjmeg;ia convergens sp. nov.

Forewings : yellowish ochreous, with coarse red and grey speckles : the lines

reddish grey ; first at one-fourth, forming two curves, and marked with three black

dots on the veins ; second from three-fourths of costa to beyond middle of inner

margin, strongly dentate ; the teeth marked by black dots on veins, markedly

sinnate inwards beyond cell and in the submedian fold, preceded by an indistinct

inner line, which rises from inner margin near first line, as in P. compUcata Warr. ;

marginal area marked with irregular blotches below apex, in middle, and above anal

angle ; a row of deep red marginal spots between the veins : fringe yellowish, with

reddish grey spots opposite the veins.

Hindwings : with grey basal line, denticulate middle line, with blackish dots on

the teeth, and preceded by a greyish shade, and denticulate, partially double, snb-

marginal line ; cell-spots on both wings small, blackish.

Underside straw-colour, with the markings grey. Palpi fuscous ; face, head,

thorax, and abdomen yellowish ochreous, the face brownish above ; the markings

stronger in ? than in cj.

Expanse of wings : 32 mm.

A pair from the Khasias, July 1896.

( 80 )

DistingnisbeJ from 1'. coniplicuta by the different markings of liindwings, and

by the yellow, not ichite, vertex. It may prove to be a well-marked form of

P. atomaria Warr.

184. Parasynegia nigriclavata sp. nov.

Foretvings : pale yellow, with orange speckles and lines ; the lines of forewings

much as in P. conrergens, but less denticulate : a black spot at base of costa, and a

black dot at base of cell : first line with a large black spot on the subcostal, smaller

ones on the other veins ; cell-spot large, black ; teeth of second line black : two

black spots obliquely below apex ; some angular contorted markings in middle

velvety black : marginal dots black : fringe yellow, with a black spot at apex and

in middle.

llindtrings : with an orange-grey basal line, a partially double orange central

line running to costa well beyond middle (iu coiiven/ents this line curves into the

middle of costa), with a black spot on inner margin and costa, and a black luuule

from vein 6 to 7; submargLual line nearly straight from anal angle to apex, with a

black spot on inner margin, a black Innule from 0 to 7, and a black streak beyond

running into the fringe.

Underside with the black markings showing through. Palpi dark brown : face

yellow, with two black spots in middle : head, thorax, and abdomen yellow, the

last with a black orange-edged ring at base.

One d, one ?, from the Khasias, June ISUG.

Peratostega gen. nov.

Forewings: ample, triangular : costa straight, till jusi before apex, which is

slightly depressed and produced ; hiudmargin entire, rotmded, faintly sinuate above.

Hindwi7i(is : with rounded hiudmargin : aual angle squared : submedian fold

strongly developed, the inner-marginal area folded beneath.

Palpi porrect, slender ; tongue weak : antennae of <S pubescent, subdentate :

hind tibiae with four spurs.

Neuration : forewings, cell half as long as wing ; discocellidar vertical : first

median at three-fourths, second just before angle of cell ; lower radial from centre

of discocellular, upper from upper angle : 7, 8, 9 stalked from before angle ; lU

and 11 coincident. HindOTngs with veins 7 and 3 both before angle of cell.

Type : Peratostega coctata sp. nov.

lS."i. Peratostega coctata sp. nov.

Forewings : dull brick-red ; costa dotted with blackish ; the lines obscurely

darker ; first line not marked ; median nearly vertical, passing over the black

cell-spot : outer line at three-fourths, diffusely fuscous ; towards the anal angle and

along the hiudmargin the wing is tinged with fuscous ; fringe concolorons, beyond

a deeper basal line.

Ifinr/wings ; the same.

Underside paler, pinkish fnlvous, glossy, without any markings. Face -and

palpi rather bright reddish ; vertex darker ; abdomen reddish : thorax paler,

pinkish grey.

Expanse of wings : 32 mm.

One (? from Pnlo I'.ai, N.E. Borneo, June 1894 (Gator).

( 81 )

Pi'istostegania gen. nov.

Allied to Steqania ; veins 10 and 11 of forewings coiucident ; antennae of S

serrate ; forewings of c? with a fovea ; the lower radial decidedly above middle of

discocellnlars.

Tyjte : Prist ostet/ania triUncata Moore.

186. Pristostegaiiia(?) bilineata sp. nov.

ForewinflS : pinkish oehreous, linely irrorated with fuscons ; the costa yellowish ;

first line at one-third, slightly oblique outwards, yellowish ; second line beyond two-

thir<ls, slightly obliqne inwards, yellowish ; the space between the lines somewhat

darker, especially towards each line ; cell-spot hardly darker ; fringe concolorous,

with a reddish liasal line.

Hindwings : with no first line ; the cell-spot prominently darker ; outer line

from three-fourths of costa to inner margin just above anal angle, Ijcfore which it is

bent, yellowish, internally with a darker shade ; fringe as in forewings ; the hind-

margin is elbowed at vein 4.

Underside duller, with outer line and cell-sjiot marked witli fuscous, especially

on the veins. Face, palpi, vertex, and antennae pale ferruginous ; thorax and

abdomen concolorous with wings, the thorax rather paler.

Expanse of wings : 38 mm.

One ? from Sandakan, North Borneo.

187. Pristostegania flavata sp. nov.

Forewiw/s : ^^ellowish, flushed witli deeper yellow ; costa at base brown ; the

basal area darker ; the lines slender, ferruginous ; first at one-fourth, bent below

costa, then oblique ; second line straight, in the middle ; third at five-sixths, slightly

curved ; fringe concolorous, beyond a very fine marginal line.

Ilindwings : with only two lines.

Underside paler, thickly dusted with reddish brown ; the lines reddish. Face

and j)ali)i reddish brown ; vertex yellowish ; collar dark brown ; thorax and abdomen

yellow.

Expanse of wings : 26 mm.

One (J from Weenen, Natal, February 1894.

Prochasma gen.inov.

Allied to Stfi/ania, VQina 10 and 11 of forewings being coincident : distinguished

by the fully pectinated antennae of the t?, and the strong metallic metathoracic

tuft.

Type : Prochasma niimica sp. nov.

In the type-species the cell of fbrevvings is imlf tlie length of the wing.

188. Prochasma mimica sp. nov.

Foreicings : oehreous, overrun witli dark fuscous strigae, which along costa and

inner margin become confluent : a wliite curved band near base, and an irregularly

edged white band at two-tliirds, parallel to hindmargin ; a wavy interruiited wliite

submarginal line ; some pale scales at apex ; a yellowish horizontal streak from first

( 82)

line to hindmargiu along the median ; cell-spot large, Mackish ; a marginal row of

black dashes ; fringe cheqnered ochreons and fuscons.

Hindwhiffs : whitish, tinged with yellowish, with sparse fuscons strigae ; cell-

spot large, dark ; a fuscons postmedian line from inner margin above anal angle to

lower angle of cell ; marginal area fuscons, much broken up by the paler ground-

colour.

Underside the same, but duller. Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous, speckled

with fuscous ; metathorax with a tuft of metallic scales.

Exj)anse of wings : 24 mm.

A pair from the Khasias, May 1896.

The cell half as long as wing. Superficially this insect is extremely like my

(lentilinea, wrongly referred to Psilalcis, P. Z. S. 1893, p. 431, but tlic neuration

differs, and the outer line does not approach the inner.

189. Chiasmia radiata sp. uov.

Fore.whigs : straw-colour, tinged with ochraceons ; covered with black transverse

strigae, whicli tend to become laterally confluent, the ground-colour only sho^ving as

a curved inner band at one-fourth and an oblique irregularly edged band at three-

fonrths ; the central fascia contains a large dark cell-spot, and is edged, especially

externall}', by a line of dark spots on the veins, those on costa and inner margin

being blotches; marginal third black, broken up by two radiating streaks of ground-

colour from the outer band — one oblique to apex, the other below vein 4 — and by

the interrupted snbmarginal line, so that there are formed two costal blotches, the

outer one quite small, a central triangular blotch, and a square blotch at anal angle ;

fringe straw-colour, chequered with black, and almost wholly black beyond the base

of the triangular blotch.

Hindwings : the same, but without the dark base, the central fascia blacker, the

outer area interrupted in the middle only.

Uuilerside similar, but darker. Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous, intermixed

with blackish, especially at base and apex of abdomen.

Expanse of wings : 26 mm.

A pair from the Khasias, May 1896.

Subfamily BRACCINAE.

Arycanda Wlk. VII. p. 1775 (1856).

This generic name must supersede Guen^e's Panaetkia, published a year later.

Type : Arijcanda maculosa Wlk. from Sumatra.

19(1. Arycanda absorpta sp. nov.

Like A. maculosa Wlk. from Sumatra : Imt the marginal row of black streaks

all separated from each other by tlie jjaler veins, not blotelied at the aj)ex ; the

central streak bent outwards and absorbing the cell-spot.

One ? from Lawas, North Borneo (A. Everett).

An example from Nias, also a ? , is paler blue than the Bornean insect ; tlie

central streak is still more strongly bent, and on the underside the cell-spot is quite

distinct, with two Mack liands on each side, whereas in absorpta it is still adjacent

to the bent band.

( 83 )

101. Arycanda discata sp. nov.

Forewinijs: pale slate-colour, the markings black ; two bLu'k spots close to base,

above and below the median : another pair just beyond ; first line curved from one-

fourth of costa to near base of inner margin, marked by tliroe spots on the costa,

median, and submedian respectively ; cell-spot round, velvety black ; three post-

median lines, the first much curved round cell, the second less curved, the third

nearly straight, all formed of spots on the veins, which above the middle become

confluent ; a marginal band of horizontal streaks between the veins ; fringe

concolorons.

Hindwings : with a spot at base and a straight line before the black cell-spot ;

two lines of spots be3'ond, those of the first line rounded, of the second Innate and

semiconfluent ; marginal streaks as in forewings.

Underside with very large black cell-spots, dbscure outer line, and marginal

streaks. Face, head, and thorax slate-colour ; abdomen yellowish, with basal

segment slate-colonr, bearing a pair of black spots.

Expanse of wings : 52 mm.

One 6 from Bunguran, Natuna Islands, October 1894 (Hose).

Like i/eorgiata Guen., but the cell-spot is clear of the lines.

192. Arycanda omissa sp. nov.

Like absorpta Warr. in having the marginal streaks separated, but with only

five black bands, the central one being absent ; the cell-spot quite distinct and

separate ; the basal bands blurred, with a deeper purplish shade round them ; on the

underside there is only one diffuse black band between the spot and the base, and in

the hindwings hardly a trace of an)' spots at all at base. Both wings beneath much

more suffused with dark purplish.

One ? from Sarawak.

193. Arycanda subfumosa sp. nov.

Smaller than maculosa Wlk. and its allies, with tlio transverse lines much

narrower and more resolved into separate spots, as in geonjiata Guen., liut the cell-

spot is quite separate between the fourth and fiftlj bauds ; in the hindwings the

three bands are entirely composed of spots, the central band being very thin and

inconspicuous. On the underside the outer half of the forewings is dull smoky

black.

One ? from Lawas, N. Borneo (A. Everett).

This form occurs also iu Sumatra.

194. Bordeta longimacula sp. nov.

Forewings : black, with three cream-coloured sjiots, smaller and more concise

than iu B. tricolor Warr., but in the same relative positions; the first oblique, from

subcostal vein before middle towards anal angle, not quite reaching the submuilian

fold, pointed at the lower end and with the outer edge slightly bent ; the other two

in a line parallel to the first half-way towards ajjcx.

llinihoings : orange, with the margins <dl black, but the hindmargin interrupted

iu the middle by the orange ground-colour, which nearly reaches the margin.

( 84 )

Underside the same. Head black: collar and pectns oebreous: antennae blai;k,

with the cilia oehreous ; thorax black : atjdoiuen orange, with a black dorsal stripe

except on first segment, which is orange ; the S with the base of anal segment also

yellow.

Expanse of wings : 58 mm.

A pair from Sattelberg, near Finschhafeu, German New Guinea.

195. Biirsada septemuotata sp. nov.

Fore/n/i(/s : dull black, with three pale yellow spots — one at base, traversed by

the dark subcostal vein, a larger oval obli([ue one in the middle, and a reniforni

one towards a])ex.

Ilindivings : with four yellow spots — a large one at base, a snbquadrate one of

the same size in middle, a small oval one towards apex, and one still smaller on

inner margin above anal angle ; fringes of both wings unicoloroi;s.

Underside as upper. Palpi, vertex, and antennae black; face and collar yellow:

thorax black, with a yellow lateral spot between the wings ; abdomen wanting;

forelegs black, with base of coxae yellow.

Expanse of wings : 32 mm.

One c? from Kina Balu, N. Borneo.

Akin to /)'. mncidifera ; the wings narrow and elongate ; all the yellow spots

smaller ; the tip of the forewings black.

190. Bursada trispilata sji. nov.

Foreivim/s : brown-black, with three yellow spots ; first longitudinal, near base,

beneath the median vein ; second transverse, narrow, with irregular edges, from

subcostal at middle towards anal angle ; third elongated, with curved edges towards

ajx'x.

I lindii'hH/s : deep yellow, with all three margins black.

Underside the same. Head, thorax, and abdomen black ; a small yellow s])ot

in front below each shoulder.

Expanse of wings : 36 mm.

One ? from Moroka, British New Guinea, 3500 feet, October 1805 (Anthony).

Hymenocharta gen. uov.

Allied to Agirjja, with which it agrees in neuration, but of stouter build : the

thorax and ])alpi and inner margin of hindwings hairy ; antennae of d thicker, with

coarser jiectinations and blunt apex : antennae of ? also pectinated ; palpi twice as

long as face : hindmargin of hindwings indented below vein 2.

Type : lli/menockarta triplagiata sp. nov.

107. Hymenocharta triplagiata sp. nov.

Foreivinija : black, with two oblique shining white hyaline patches \ first near

base, oblique, diffusely edged, not touching costa or inner margin : second towards

apex, from subcostal to near hindmargin above anal angle, the lower part swollen.

UindunmjH : with a white fascia of uniform width from second quarter of costa

to near hindmargin, running parallel to inner margin.

( 85 )

LTuderside similar. Face, palpi, head, tliiira.x, and abdomt'ii all bruwu-black ;

pectus, hind half of abdomen below, and whole of the anal segment orange.

Expanse of wings : 36 mm.

Two (Jcf, two ? ?, from Dar-es-Salaam, German East Africa.

Mesomima gen. no v.

Foreirinqs : elongate, narrow; the costa straight for three-fonrths, then cnrved;

apex blnnt, ronnded and not produced in the (?, slightly prodnced and rectangiilar

in the ? ; hindmargin obliijuely curved.

Hiiuhciiu/s : narrow, the hindmargin strongly ronuded from apex, slightly

curved towards anal angle.

Antennae pectinated in both sexes ; palpi short, pointed ; tongue and frenulum

present. Forewings with an elongate fovea lietwceu the submedian fold and the

submedian vein, the latter bent downwards at base and sinuous; this fovea is visible,

though not nearly so strong, in the ? .

Neuration : forewings, cell two-tliirds of wing : the subcostal and median veins

strongly inbent towards extremity; first median at two-thirds, second close before

end, third from end of cell ; radials normal ; 7, 8, 9 stalked from the bend in the

subcostal ; 10 and 11 stalked, 11 united with the costal liy a bar. Hindwings with

costal only shortly ajiproximated to subcostal ; the tirst suljcostal nervule and

second median from well before the ends of cell ; no radial.

Type : Mesomima a.lUfrom sp. nov.

Akin to Agirpa ; distinguished by the long fovea, and the absence of a bar

between veins 9 and 10.

198. Mesomima albifrons sji. imv.

Foreipiiujs : fulvous red ; tlie apical tliird black, containing an olili(|ue variable-

shaped white blotch ; the hindmargin black to anal angle.

Ilind/nnt/s : with hindmargin narrowly Idack, stronger in the ? than in the

<S, its inside edge irregularly crenulate or rounded.

Underside the same. Vertex and antennae black ; face snow-white ; thor.ix

fnlvous red ; abdomen cinereous, with white dorsal spots on each segment.

Expanse of wings : <?, 39 mm. ; ? , 45 mm.

A pair from Kuilu, French Congo, 1892 (Mocqnerys).

This sj)ccies is almost an exact facsimile of Paraptijchodcs tenuis I'utler ;

that, however, has the costa of forewings black, and the hindmargin of hindwings

spotted, not margined with black ; the abdomen yellowish white, with Idackish

segmental rings.

199. Tigridoptera radiolata sp. w\.

Forewings : dull slaty blue, with the inner margin bull' below the submedian

fold for two-thirds from base ; a buff streak beyond cell ; a black spot below costa

at base ; two more just beyond, one obliquely below the other, followed by a curved

black line which is interrupted at the submedian fidd and marked by a black dot on

submedian vein ; a black cell-sput, followed by three curved black lines, the first

touching the cell-spot and parallel to the basal line ; the second less curved, the

outermost curved outwards at costa ; all three interi-npted at the fold and marked

( 86 )

by a black spot on tlie .snbmediau vein ; marginal area marked with long black rays

between the veins ; fringe concolorons.

Himhciiiqs : with tiie three outer lines and cell-spot, and the radiating lines

bej'oud ; butt" streaks along cell and i)eyiind it, and along the submedian fold, and a

smaller one below the costal vein.

Underside slaty grey, with three central blackish symmetrically bent lines, the

two outer ones diffuse ; diffused blotches on the outer lines ; the cell-spots deep

black ; a bhwrk streak from eosta of forewings near base. Head slate-colour ;

thorax slate-colour, mixed with bulf : patagia and slioulders each with a black spot ;

abdomen buff.

Exj)anse of wings : 00 — 65 mm.

Two ? ? from Palawan.

Xanthomima gen. nov.

Forewiruji : witli costa straight, apex blunt ; hindmargin curved.

Hindwings : with rounded hindmargin.

Forewings of ? as well as c? with fovea.

Aeitmlion : as in Tujridoptera H.8. and allies, but the veins are nmcli finer,

and the whole insect of weaker build. ^Vings without markings, yellow with

black margins.

Tyjie : Xanthomima cyanoxantha, Meyr. ( Tigridoptera).

Panucthia atrhnnrgo Warr., Nov. Zool. 111. p. 298, from Fergnsson Island

should be referred here.

200. Xanthomima seminigra sp. nov.

Forewings : orange, this colour being limited to a semicircular space from base

to middle of inner margin, with its upper edge rather irregular: the rest of the wing

velvety black, with all the veins slightly paler, the black running along costa and

narrowing to the base.

Ilindtcings : with the basal area orange, within a slightly curving line from

middle of costa to a little above the anal angle.

Underside similar, the black running up along costa of hindwings, but not

reaching base. Face, palpi, legs, pectus, antennae, vertex, and shoulders black ;

thorax and abdomen orange.

Expanse of wings : 40 mm.

One ? from Kei Toeal, March 1896 (H. C. Webster).

Subfamily ABRAXINAE.

201. Abraxas discata sp. nov.

Foreiving$ : white, the costa and hindmargin broadly and unevenly smoky

black ; the costal border for three-fonrths of cell reaches to the median vein; a large

round black cell-spot touches the costal border and is generally connected with hind-

margin by a horizontal blackish streak of varying thickness; the hindmargiual border

generally has a small white apical sjiot ; this spot sometimes is much developed and

interrupts the inner edge of the marginal border along the veins, and in these cases

a fine whitish line appears above the anal angle.

( 87 )

Hindwings : with the costa narrowly and the hiudmargiu 1)roa<lly bhick ; cell-

spot variable in size, sometimes all but obsolete.

Underside the same. Face and collar yellow; thorax and alidomen yellow,

spotted with black.

Expanse of wings : .34 — 40 mm.

A good series from Pnio Lant, south of Borneo, May 1891 (W. Doherty).

Related to A. subhi/alinafa EOli., but larger and without any yellow markings.

202. Abraxas invasata sp. nov.

Like A. maculicincja. Wlk., but with two series of black submargiual spots

instead of one ; the marginal row partially confluent with those of the outer sub-

marginal, while the inner or postmedian row is nearer the base of the wing ; apical

third of forewings wholly black, but containing a single triangular or hook-shaped

white spot ; a black costal curved spot close to base, nearly confluent with a thinner

one on inner margin ; a large black costal blotch at one-third, with irregular black

spots below it ; cell-blotch large, sometimes connected above with some small sub-

costal spots ; base of both wings with several small irregular black spots and streaks.

One (?, one ? , from Kina Balu, North Borneo.

203. Abraxas moniliata sp. nov.

Forewings : cream-white, with smoky blackish markings ; the liasal area

yellow, limited by a broad curved black line, dentate outwardly on the median and

snbmediau veins, and crossed by a similar curved line following a black basal spot :

the cell occupied by a diffuse blotch, connected above with a median costal blotch,

and throwing oif below a narrow sinuous mark, sometimes double, to the inner

margin ; an exterior fascia of confluent round spots, bent opposite the cell ; a similar

submarginal fascia, its inner edge curved, its outer crenulate, confluent below with

the exterior fascia, and followed below by three or four blotches, which are also

sometimes confluent ; a marginal row of dark lunnles blackish, like the fringe.

Hindwings : with the base, an antemedian fascia, swollen in cell and on inner

margin, a postmedian curved double fascia of confluent spots, and a marginal scries

of lunules with the fringe blackish.

Underside the same. Legs, palpi, face, and antennae black ; vertex yellow :

thorax and abdomen yellow, with numerous black spots.

Expanse of wings : 58 mm.

A pair from Bua Kraeng, South Celebes, .5000 feet, February 1896 (Frnlistorfer).

204. Abraxas pleniguttata sp. nov.

Foreioings : white, with basal patch fulvous, edged with blacki.sh brown and

interrupted below the median ; central area with a double dark grey spot on inner

margin, a large round one on the submedian fold, two more obliquely above it, a

large cell-blotch, and costal blotch above it ; in the darker examples these are all

more or less confluent ; exterior line formed of two sinuous rows of round grey

spots, divergent towards costa, confluent and purple-tinged mixed with fulvous

below ; in the dark specimens the outer row becomes a line, and the spots become

laterally confluent ; an irregular row of s])ots follows ; a row of marginal spots,

sometimes confluent, with one submarjjinal on vein 4.

( 88 )

Himfu-ingx : with a spot at base : a double spot ou costa an<l inuer margin iu

the central area ; enter series as in forewings, but less developetl.

Underside the same. Thorax and abdomen yellow, with the ordinary black

spots.

Expanse of wings : .58 mm.

One cJ, two ? ?, from N. Luzon (Whitehead).

205. Genusa simplex sji. nov.

Wings wholly dull mealy white ; a slight tinge of yellow close to apex ; a black

dot on snbcostal of forewiugs near base, and traces of tliree or four small grey dots

below costa just beyond. Head, tliorax, and abdomen all coniiolorous, without dots.

Palpi above i'aintly tinged with fnscons ; pectinations of antennae pale fuscous.

Expanse of wings : 45 mm.

One c? from Bongao Island, Suln Archipelago (A. Everett).

206. Ligdia interrupta sp. nov.

Forewings : white : a basal patch of mixed fuscous and ochreous scales, its edge

curved and wavy from one-fourth of costa to one-fourth of inner margin, the fuscous

costal striae continued nearly to the outer ftiscia, the inner edge of which is concise

and indented beyond cell, the outer diffuse and broken by a partly dentate and partly

lunnlate white line, accompanied by black sj)Ots : marginal area white, with an

irregular and smoky blotch on liindmargin opposite the cell, and some scattered

striae above anal angle ; marginal spots black ; fringe white, fuscous opposite the

cell : cell-dot large, black : the costal area and a wavy line down the outer fascia

marked with shining leaden scales.

Ilimlwings : with the base narrowly dark, the white fascia therefore twice as

broad as in forewings.

Underside like upper. Face, palpi, head, and thorax ilark fuscous ; abdomen

white.

Expanse of wings : 24 mm.

Three 6S from Natal (A. .1. Spiller).

Nothabraxas gen. nov.

Forewitiqs : with costa straight or slightly indented in middle; apex blunt;

hindmargin obliquely rounded ; anal angle obtuse ; inner margin somewhat convex.

Jlhuhvings : with liindmargin and both angles rounded.

Antennae of c? plumose, the tips simple ; palpi porrect, short : hind tibiae with

a i)air of sjmrs ; in the forewings veins 10 and 1 1 are stalked.

Type : Xot/iaOraxa-i commacidata sp. nov.

Differing from Negeta Wlk. iu having the margins of the wings simple, not

angulated.

207. Nothabraxas commaculata sp. nov.

Forewings : pale straw-colour, almost white ; the markings grey-brown ; costa

with irregular brown spots ; a larger one at one-fourth, the origin of the first line,

which is curved and preceded by a line of small dark sjiors on veins : cell-spot oval,

connected with a costal spot above it ; a broad obli(jue irregular-edged fascia from

( 89 )

costa before apex to inner margin before anal angle, connected along the snbmedian

area with the first line, and beyond the cell with a marginal fascia, which does not

quite reach either apex or anal angle ; fringe grey-brown, except at apex and angle.

Hindwings : straw-colonr, with a ronnd cell-spot, a i>ostmedian line of grey

spots, and a few on the margin, the last not symmetrical.

Underside dtdler. Face fuscons ; shoulders and thorax straw-colour, with

black tips : abdomen yellow, with black segmental rings.

Expanse of wings : 42 mm.

One 6 from Mpwapwa, East Africa.

208. Percnia longimacula sj). nov.

Distinguished from P. hclluaria Guen., with which it agrees in size, by all the

spots being elongate and narrow ; the two middle rows apjiroximated to each other,

the spots of the outer one linear ; the second spot of inner row, which in helluaria is

ronnd and at the junction of vein 2, is double, on the median and vein 2 beyond the

origin of the latter ; veins 6 and 7 of the hindwings are shortly stalked.

One ? from Knlu.

200. Potera albiquadrata sp. nov.

Foreivings : black : a few yellowish and one small white spot near base ; a

white spot in middle of cell ; a broad sinuous white fascia, its top straiglit, from

snbcostal to middle of inner margin, where it is marked by some black spots : a

slender white dash parallel to and just beyond its upper extremity ; a row of five

white elongated quadrate spots between the veins before the hiudmargin.

Him/whujs : white ; the costa and inner margin broadly smoky black ; hind-

margin with broad black fascia containing five quadrate white spots ; a dark spot in

the cell.

Underside like upper. Palpi and antennae black ; face and vertex yellow :

patagia yellow, theii- tips black : thorax yellow, with black bands ; base of abdomen

with a black ring ; rest of abdomen yellow, with saddle-shaped black dorsal blotches

on each segment, and a pair of spots on the first two.

Expanse of wings : 52 mm.

One S from Batchian, March 1892 (W. Doherty).

Allied to F. iilhijAaya Warr. from S. C'elebes, but snificiently distinct.

210. Rhodophthitus (?) simplex sp. nov.

Forewings : wholly pale pinkish ochreous, at the base tinged with bright rosy.

Hindwings: whitish; fringe concolorons.

Underside dull whitish ; the hindwings also tinged with rosy at base and along

costa. Face brown ; collar ferrnginous ; thorax pinkish grey : patagia bright rosy ;

abdomen ochreous, with the segmental rings rosy ; legs rosy.

Expanse of wings : 48 mm.

One ? from the Songive Valley, Lake Nyassa.

The insect is considerably wasted, and the above must consequently be taken as

only an approximate description ; there are no traces of markings.

( 90 )

ScBFAsriLY SCOTOPTERYGINAE.

211. Scotopterix lignicolor sp. nov.

cJ. Foreicings : reddish brown, with dense fuscous striation ; the liuos black

and thick ; first at one-fonrth, waved and slightly oblique, preceded by a pale space

of jrronnd-colonr ; second line at throc-fonrtlis, waved and incurved Ijelow the

middle, followed near the costa by a i)aler shade ; subniarginal shade diU'nsely dark;

marginal line crenulate, black ; fringe concolorons, with darker mottlings.

Hind wings : similar, without the first line ; both wings with distinct black

cell-spot.

? with ground-colour bright straw-colour, suffused and dotted with red-

brown and fuscous, the pale ground-colour apparent after the second line, at the

apex, and along the costal region.

Underside rather duller. Head, thorax, and abdomen all brownish.

Expanse of wings : 44 mm.

A pair from Lawas, North Borneo (A. Everett).

Subfamily BISTONINAE.

212. Cusiala malescripta sp. nov.

Forewings : silvery white, with sjjarse course grey speckles : the lines Ibnued

of aggregations of grey and black scales, much interrupted ; first at one-fourth ;

median line touching the black linear cell-mark, approximated on inner margin to

the outer line, which above the middle is outcurved and waved ; submarginal line

fairly continuous, thicker than the other lines, outcurved beyond cell ; black

marginal dots between the veins ; fringe wiiite.

Ilindwings : the same, without the basal line, the submarginal more sliarply

excnrved opposite the cell.

Underside with the dark speckles less scattered ; marginal area suffused mth

dark grey, a blackish submarginal fascia, broad at the costa ; discal spot thick and

black ; liindwings almost white. Face whitish, with a broad velvety black bar

above and a fine black line at top; vertex, thorax, and abdomen white, with scattered

fuscous atoms.

Expanse of wings : 52 mm.

One ? from Kalao I., south of Celebes, December 1895 (A. Everett).

213. Eubyja crenulata sp. nov.

Forewings : dark grey, speckled and suffused with dark brown, and with rufous

in places ; first line strongly curved near base and running to the base at

inner margin ; outer line at three-fourths, black, strongly but bluntly angled

opposite cell, then concave outwards to inner margin before anal angle : cell-spot

blackish ; a dark brown shade along cell running out to hiiidmargin, with a

rufous submarginal patch above it ; fringe concolorous, witli a lihuk crenulate basal

line.

Ilintlwings : with a dark central shade and cell-spot, and a twice-angled black

postmedian line.

Underside fuscous brown, the lines indistinct. Head, thorax, and abdomen

concolorous ; the latter with the basal segment paler.

Expanse of wings : 36 mm.

One ? from Natal (A. J. Spiller).

( 91 )

214. Eubyja grisea s]i. nov.

Forewings : dull grey, dnsted and striated with darker ; the lines dull blackish ;

first at one-fourth, curved and indistinct ; second at three-fourths, forming a marked

])Vomincnce opposite the cell, then strongly concave outwards to inner margin

shortly before anal angle ; fringe grey, with a dark basal line.

Flindwings : paler, with a sinuons outer line and traces of an autemedian line

on inner margin : both wings with dark cell-spot.

Underside dull grey, the cell-spots larger. Face and palpi dark fuscous ; head,

thorax, and abdomen grey.

Expanse of wings : 45 mm.

One ? from Zomba, British Central Africa, April 1895 (Dr. P. Kendall).

215. Eubyja subpunctata sp. nov.

Forewings: pale grey, vrith a faint lilac tinge, sparsely varied with black

scales ; the costa dotted with black ; the lines black, distinct ; first at one-fourth,

starting from a black costal spot, sharply angled on the subcostal, then oblique and

twice bent to inner margin close to base : onter line at two-thirds, obli(|ue outwards

and bluntly angled opposite the cell, oblitine inwards to the submedian fold, then

vertical to inner margin at two-thirds ; central line from a black spot at middle of

costa, still more oblique outwards and more sharply angled than the outer line,

running parallel and near to it at inner margin ; submarginal line obscure, shown

np by a diffuse dark denticulate shade preceding it ; marginal line black, sub-

crenulate, swollen into spots between the veins, from which dark streaks run towards

the submarginal : fringe grey.

Uimhnngs : with curved and somewhat interrupted black antemedian and

postiuedian lines, with a large round black cell-spot between them ; submarginal

line indistinct except at inner margin.

Underside" whitish, with the costal blotches, the cell-spots, and a series of

smaller spots representing the two lines, all strongly black. Palpi and collar black ;

face whitish, with a black bar across middle : vertex white : thorax and abdomen

grey, marked with black ; abdomen at base with a black streak laterally.

Expanse of wings : 3(i mm.

One c? from Weeneu, Natal.

216. Eubyja trisecta sp. nov.

Forewings : pale or dark grey, dusted with darker and tinged with rufous in

basal and marginal areas ; the lines black : first at one-third, strongly and regularly

curved ; second at two-thirds, oblique and forming a sinus be_vond the cell ; cell-spot

black ; costa dotted with ochreous ; fringe dark grey beyond a thick black

basal line.

Hindwings : with inner line absent. Sometimes the whole wing is suffused

with fuscous or dark grey, and the rufous tints are obscured : in other examples the

central area of forewings and inner two-thirds of hindwings are paler, and the rufous

areas distinct.

Underside dark rufous grey, with the outer line brown : in the paler specimens

with inner two-thirds of both wings paler. Thorax, face, palpi, and pectus very

hairy; all as well as abdomen fuscous cinereous ; the thorax often darker ; antennae

with the shaft white and the pectinations black.

( 92 )

Expanse of wings : 44 mm.

Six <S c? from Natal (A. J. Ri.iller).

The costa of forewings is concave and producod iti front ; the hindmargiu

strongly curved.

217. Synopsia(?) octopunctata sp. nov.

Forewings : grey, dusted and sntl'nsed with darker ; the lines dark grey or

blackish, obliiine ; first from a dark spot at one-third of costa, acutely angled in cell,

then oblique to inner margin close to base, preceded by a diffuse dark shade ; outer line

at three-fonrths, excurved beyond cell, then obliqne, slightly sinuous to middle of inner

margin, followed by a dark shade ; cell-spot round, diffuse, of black and grey scales ;

a central line rises from a dark spot above the cell-spot, is doubly dentate beyond

cell and oblicinely sinnons inwards to inner margin jnst before outer line ; submarginal

line pale, cuneiform, edged internally with dark grey and followed by dark grey

snflfnsion ; a marginal row of black spots between the veins : the dark shade

beyond the outer line is diffused beyond the cell to the hindmargiu : fringe grey.

Ilitifhrinqx : with antemedian and postmediau dark lines, the latter followed by

a thick dark shade ; a wavy pale submarginal lino, with dark edges ; cell-spot as

in forewings.

Underside shining whitish grey : both wings with round rell-s])ot and macular

apical spots velvety black. Palpi dark ; lace fuscous, with a fine white line above

and below ; head, thorax, and abdomen grey, speckled with darker.

Expanse of wings : 45 mm.

One ? from Weenen, Natal.

Easilv distinguished by the black spots of the underside. In the forewings

veins 11 and 12 are stalked ; lU free, but anastomosing with 11; 7, s, 1) stalked.

Subfamily ASCOTINAE.

218. Ascotis selenaria Tliib. ab. fasciata nov.

Forewings : with the ground-colour and markings as in tlie type-form : but the

whole outer half of wing beyond the median line suffused with rufous fuscous,

leaving a grey blotch at apex and two whitish grey blotches below the middle and

above anal angle, the large discal spot, which is trident ate, remaining also nnsuffused ;

the basal area is likewise faintly tinged with rufous.

IlinJwim/s : the same, but with the hindmargiu beyond the double jmstmedian

line whitish from anal angle to vein 6.

Underside white, with the snbmarginal line in both wings blackish, in

the forewings connected with hindmargiu by a large subapical black blotch : cell-

spots black, that on the forewings very large and with the middle tooth prolonged

outwards.

Expanse of wings : 58 mm.

One ? from Grahamstown, S. Africa, sent along with two ordinary white SS

expanding 45 mm.

Although at first sight tins insect appears to be (|uite a distinct species,

yet on closer examination the only real difference, apart from the fuscous

suffusion, between it and typical selenaria Hut), lies in the sine and shape of the

cell-spot of forewings.

( 93 )

219. Chogada betularia sp. nov.

Forewinqs : white, thickly peppered witli black scales, especially along the

costa ; first line near base, diffuse and double ; outer line at two-thirds, finely

denticulate, not excurved round cell, but incurved below middle ; snbmarginal line

cloudy, interrupted below middle ; a marginal row of black spots between the veins ;

fringe mottled, white and grey ; cell-spot large, blackish, with white scales in the

centre ; traces of a median line touching it ; all the lines starting from dark costal

blotches.

Hindivings : with straight antemedian line ; dentate postmedian strongly out-

curved round cell, and followed by a dark grey shade ; the rest as in forewings.

Underside white, with large black cell-spots and a blackish jiatch at ajiex of

forewings containing an apical white spot : traces of outer line on forewings and

submargiual on hindwings. Head, thorax, and abdomen whitish, peppered with

dark grey.

Expanse of wings : 45 mm.

Two (? S from South Africa.

Quite distinct from C. acaciaria Boisd., without any ochreous or fuscous tints

whatever.

220. Diplurodes indentata sp. nov.

Forewings : dull brownish grey, dusted with fuscous ; the lines blackish ; first

at one-fourth, curved from costa to submedian, and there slightly angled ; cell-spot

linear, blackish: central line from a dark costal spot above it, slightly curved, and

bent on the submedian ; exterior line blackish, and with black dots on the veins,

sinuous, forming a sinus outwards beyond cell and again below middle, sharply

angulated inwards on the submedian fold, the angle nearly touching the middle line ;

followed by a dark fuscous shade ; snbmarginal line of the ground-colour, irregularly

dentate, marked by darker shades on each side ; fringe concolorous, with dark dots

along the margin at base.

Hindwings : the same, but the inner line straight and prominently black on

inner margin.

Underside greyish white, with the cell-spots and central lines marked ; outer

third dark fuscous, its inner edge uniformly curved, the extreme margin becoming

pale before the fringes. Head, thorax, and abdomen concolorous ; tufts of abdomen

largely developed, dark grey.

Expanse of wings : 26 mm.

One (? from Penuugah, N. E. Borneo, December 1893 (Cator).

221. Ectropis nigripunctata sp. nov.

Forewings : ochreous grey, coarsely irrorated with fuscous ; the lines blackish,

starting from dark costal spots and marked with dark dashes on the veins ; first

from one-fourth of costa to near base of inner margin ; median excurved round cell

to inner margin before middle ; outer at two-thirds, angled on vein 6, then oblique

inwards, again bent on vein 3 to middle of inner margin, touching median line on

the submedian fold ; snbmarginal line pale, waved, preceded by dark lunules ; a row

of black dots between the veins be/ore the hiudmargin, preceded by obscure dark

dashes : marginal line finely black, interrupted by pale spots adjacent to the black

ones ; fringe grey ; cell-spot blackish.

( 94 )

Ilitidwings : with a black mark at base ; a lilackisli autemediau line and waved

postmedian and submargiual lines, the last with a blackish blotch on costa.

Underside whitish, shining ; the forewings slightly smoky-tinged and finely

freckled with darker, with black cell-spot and snbapical costal blotch ; hindwings

whiter, with smaller cell-spot and ronudisli black apical blotch ; head, thorax, and

abdomen grey, the latter dark at base.

Expanse of wings : (?, 34 mm. ; S , 32 mm.

A pair from Warri, River Niger, February 1896 (Dr. Roth).

222. Ectropis sabnlosa sp. nov.

Forewimja : pale whitish ochreous, dusted with yellowish ochreous and grey

scales, especially along the costal region and beyond the outer line ; the usual Hues

very distinct, except the exterior denticulated line ; the blotch beyond it at middle

dark ochreous ; fringe whitish ochreons, witli a row of rather large black marginal

spots at base.

Hindwings : with less suffusion.

Underside the same, without markings : the costal half of forewings darker.

Head, thorax, and abdomen concolorous.

Expanse of wings : 38 mm.

One J from Amboina, February 1892 (W. Doherty).

Paler and smoother, not so yellow, as bhurmitra Wlk.

223. Lepiodes ocellata sp. nov.

cJ. Forewings : grey, smoothly and rather thinly scaled ; first line blackish, at

one-third, angled or curved beneath costa, then ol)li(|ucly bent inwards to base of

inner margin ; outer line at two-thirds, oblique outwards to lower radial, then

inwards to inner margin in middle, with a sinus inwards between first median and

submediau veins ; a diffuse dark denticulate submarginal line, often very obscure ;

apex generally darker ; cell-spot round, dark-edged, with raised grey scales in the

centre ; in some examples a very faint central line is traceable ; fringe ])aler, with

dark basal line.

Hindwings : with three transverse lines, the cell-sjiot touching the central one.

In the ? the lines are more curved, less abruptly bent. The first line is generally

preceded, and the second followed, by a diffuse dark shade.

Underside pale whitish, with the veins thickly marked with orange scales and

in the ? freckled with blackish scales; the cell-s])ots large, velvety black; the

forewings with an apical black blotch, the hindwings witli a submarginal curved

blackish fascia, often limited to the apex only. Palju ferruginous, mixed with

fuscous ; face, vertex, thorax, and abdomen whitish or greyish.

Expanse of wings : 24—20 mm.

Five d" S from Mpeta, Loangwa Uivx^r, an attluent of the Zambesj, November

and December 1895 (Coryudon) ; one ? from Bathurst, S. Africa.

As stated above, the lines in this ? are curved, not angled or bent, as in the

S 6 : the forewings beneath have a marginal black fascia throughout, the fascia of

the hindwings being also marginal. When more cxami)lc8 arc obtaiimblc fur

comparison, the Bathurst insect will probably be found to be a constant local form.

( 95 )

224. Medasina javensis sp. nov.

Foreioings : red-brown, suffused witb dai-k(u-, aud with dark red-brown stvia-

tions ; costa striated with bhick, but without black spots at origin of lines : first

line hardly expressed, except at inner margin by a short streak ; median line

forming an oblique brown-black streak above inner margin, obsolete above ; the

discal spot hardly marked ; exterior line as in M. parisnattei Wlk., excurved at

vein 0 and there nearly ol)solete, red-brown below, edged with jjaler, and almost

touching median line above inner margin ; followed by a darker brown fascia from

inner margin to vein 5, where there is a horizontal dark streak ; submarginal line

rufous, irregularly waved, with a paler patch in middle ; a row of slender black

lunules along hiiulmargin: fringe rnfous fuscous.

Hindwings: with basal third deep blackish brown, with an antemediau blackish

line, a curved and dentate pustmedian line, edged, as in fore wings, with jialer, and

followed by a deeper shade as far as snbmedian. Veins of both wings pale reddish

ochreous, dotted with fuscous.

Underside smoky brown, with the median line and submarginal fascia blackish;

marginal area whitish, fuscous speckled, interrupted by a black shade opposite the

cell and above anal angle ; in the hindwings the exterior line also is shown, and

the paler margin is only interrupted opposite cell. Head aud thorax red-brown :

abdomen deep cinereous, with a black ring at base ; anal segments becoming rufous.

Expanse of wings : 65 mm.

One S from Java.

Mnesigea gen. nov.

Foreivings : broad; the costa nearly straight, convex just at apex, which is

blunt ; hindmargin obliquely rounsled below, straighter above.

Hi7idwings : broad, both angles rounded, the hindmargin waved, and with a

rounded incision opjiosite cell.

Palpi porrect, cpiite short ; antennae (d) very slender, the pectmations fine and

at right angles to the shaft, ciliated themselves ; forewings without fovea ; hind

tibiae slender, not thickened, with fonr spurs.

Neuration : forewings, cell half as long as wing ; discocellular straight, rather

oblique ; median vein strongly bent upwards towards its extremity; first median

nervnle at three-fourths, second at seven-eighths, third from end of cell; lower

radial above middle of discocellular, approximated to upper; 7, 8, 9 stalked; 10 and

11 coincident or stalked.

Ty|3e : Mneaigea sinmta sp. nov. ; exciirsaria Guenee will better come into

this genus.

225. Mnesigea sinuata sp. nov.

Forewings : grey, powdered with blackish scales, and partially tinged with pale

brownish ; first line strongly curved, near base, fine, with black spots on veins ;

second line sinuous, from costa at three-fourths to inner margin before middle

preceded by distinct black wedge-shajied dashes on the veins ; median line also

sinuous, passing through the dark cell-spot aud a black dash at base of vein 2, and

followed by a second fine line, sinuous like itself; the exterior line is followed by a

j)ale, and that by a fuscous, line containing a dark sjiot between veins 3 aud 4 ;

marginal area darker, with an obscurely waved submarginal pale line ; fringe

( 96 )

concolorous, beyond a fine slightly crennlate marginal line with dots between

the veins.

Himhcings : with antemedian and postmedian slightly curved lines, the latter

followed by a pale brownish shade ; an oval cell-spot ; submarginal line and fringe

as in forewiugs.

Underside of forewings brownish grey ; of hindwmgs whitish, with grey

suffusion. Face and palpi dark brown : vertex, thorax, and abdomen like wings.

Exjianse of wings : 32 mm.

One cJ from Parkside, South Australia.

Nesalcis gen. nov.

In Nov. ZooL. Vol. III. j). 131,1 described the c? of Aids (?)/uscibn/n>iea from

Jamaica, and gave the nenration of the forewings. It would be more correct to say

that veins 9, 10, 11 are stalked, 11 anastomosing with the costal and 9 witli 8.

I now find that the ? has antennae almost as strongly pectinated as the d , which,

together with the nenration, mus* separate the species from Aids, and I propose the

above generic name for it.

226. Poecilalcis subtincta sp. nov.

Forewinqs: pinkish grey, thickly dusted with fuscous atoms, in parts with a

rufous suffusion ; fovea in 6 exaggerated, reaching from near inner margin to near

median, which is slightly bent upwards and runs at a distance of only one-third from

the costa ; first line at one-third, curved, blackish, darker on the veins, touching

fovea on inner margin ; outer line at two-thirds, slightly curved outwards to vein 6,

then vertical to vein 5, thence concave inwards to vein 2, and again from vein 2 to

inner margin beyond middle ; submarginal line blackish, indented from vein 5 to 4,

edged with whitish opposite the cell and more strongly above anal angle ; the outer

line is followed h\ a rufous shade, and a rufous patch is on the hindmargin in the

middle ; cell-spot linear, blackish, connected with a black costal spot above it ; fringe

fuscous, beyond a subcrenulate marginal black line.

Ilimlwinys : pinkish grey, with sparser irroration ; cell-spot larger ; an inter-

rupted curved ijostmediau line, black on inner margin ; submarginal line whitish,

uniformly dentate and edged inwardly by a lilackish shade, becoming obsolete on

costal half.

Underside of forewings dull ochreous, suffused with fuscous and much irrorated ;

the marginal area towards apex brownish ; hind wings yellowish ochreous, with

sparse dusting. Face, palpi, and collar dark fuscous ; thorax piukish grey ;

abdomen cinereous, the basal segments with pairs of black spots.

Expanse of wings : 32 mm.

Several cJcJ from North Luzon, oOdO— 6000 feet (Whitehead).

Pseudalcis gen. nov.

Agrees with Medasina Moore in that vein 11 of forewings rises out" of 12, but

in scaling and markings almost exactly like Dryocoetis Hiib. ; the $ antennae are

plumose ; in the forewings vein 10 is sometimes shortly stalked with 7, 8, 9 ;

sometimes free from the cell.

Tj'pe : Pseudalds catoriata sj). nov.

( 97 )

22T. Pseudalcis catoriata sp. nov.

Forewinqs : wliitisli gi'ey, irrorateJ with olive-fuscons striae ; tlie lines olive-

fuscous ; first at one-fourth, twice outwards curved, to inner margin near base ;

median line thick, sinuous ; outer line at two-thirds, dentate and ontcnrved opposite

cell, followed b}- a diffuse olive-fuscous shade ; submarginal line pale, indistinct,

preceded and followed by a series of dark blotches, interrupted between veins 3 and 4,

and darker opposite the cell : a marginal row of squarish black spots between the

veins ; fringe olive, with the tips white, and white throughout at the ends of the

veins ; cell-spot olive, with thick black edges, tridentate.

Hindwings : .like forewings.

Underside dull stone-grey, with the apex dull lilackish ; costa spotted with

black ; cell-spots indistinct. Palpi and face dark olive : two white dots ou lower

jiart of face ; the ujiper third, fillet, vertex, and basal joint of antennae white ;

thorax and abdomen whitish, mixed with olive scales.

Expanse of wings : 50 mm.

Several SS and one ?, the latter much worn, from Pulo Laut, S.E. of Borneo,

May 1891 (W. Doherty).

Closely allied to Fseiulalcis cinerasnens from the same locality ; smaller and

paler, and differing in neuration : in cinerascens vein li.» is shortl}' stalked with

T, 8, 9 ; in catoriata it is free from the cell.

228. Pseudalcis cinerascens sp. nov.

Forewings : fuscous grey, with darker irroration : the costa with black strigae ;

first line at one-fourth, blackish, wavy, and partially double ; a sinuous crenulate

central line touching the base of the dark-edged ocelloid cell-s[)ot ; exterior line at

two-thirds, evenly curved and strongly dentate, edged with paler and followed by a

diffusely lunate shade ; submarginal line pale, denticulate, preceded by a dark denti-

culate shade and followed by an obscure row of darlc patches, except on the third

median ; a row of blackish marginal lunules between the veins ; fringe fuscous.

Iliudtvings : with no basal line: the central line becomes antemeilian, touchinu-

the cell-spot as in forewings : postmedian dentate line strongly marked, and followed

generally by a much darker and broader shade than in the forewings.

Underside stone-grey, with broad blackish margin to the forewings, narrowed

to the anal angle : tlie hindwings with a submarginal dark fascia bent at the cell

and thence nearly obsolete : forewings with oblong black cell-spots. Face and

palpi dark fuscous, mixed with ochroous ; head, thorax, and abdomen fuscous grey.

Expanse of wings : 02 mm.

A series of S S, bat no ?, from Pulo Laut, May 1891 (W. Doherty).

229. Pseudalcis (?) pectinata sp. nov.

Foreioings : whitish, suffused aud coarsely striated with dark grey ; first line

from one-fourth of costa to near base of inner margin, blackish: second line at two-

thirds, excurved round cell, strongly concave and incurved to the sul)median vein,

where it is angled outwards: submarginal line whitish, waved, and dentate, preceded

by a dark shade ; a row of black marginal spots; fringe grey; cell-mark Innular,

edged witii black.

7

( 98 )

Hindwimjs : with central line excnrvcd round cell, and marked witli black dots

on veins ; cell-spot and marjriiial area as in torewings.

Underside wholly smoky brown, blackish towards hindmargiu. Palpi blackish

at the tips ; thorax and abdomen dark grey; vertex and antennae jiale grey.

Expanse of wings : 45 mm.

One ¥ from AVarri, River Niger, February 1806 (Dr. Roth).

Agrees with Pseudalcis in neuration, but the antennae of the ? are pectinated.

2311. Psilocerea apicata sp. nov.

Forewings: fawn-colour, with a rufous tint : tlie veins dull rust-colour; the

whole surface finely dusted with iilackish atoms : linos pale ochreons, edged with

ferruginous ; basal line forming a strong angle outwards on the median, thence

sinuous inwards to the inner margin, its outside edge ferruginous ; exterior line

from apex of forewiug to middle of inuer margin of hindwing, internally edged with

ferruginous ; cell-spot small, black ; extreme apex before the exterior line darkened

with blackish scales ; marginal area beyond exterior line rather paler than rest of

wing, with an indistinct cloud ruuning vertically upwards from anal angle.

Hindunngs : with basal half darker than outer half, which has a smoky shade

along its centre. Head, face, thorax, and abdomen pale fawn.

Underside much paler, with coarse black atoms and an iridescent pearly tinge ;

exterior line and cell-dots alone faintly indicated ; apex of forewing darkened.

Expanse of wings : 48 mm.

One <S from Natal.

231. Psilocerea nigromaculata »]>. nov.

Forewings : ochreons, sutfused and dotted with fulvous, and in places with

coarse black mottlings ; costa grey at base : the lines oblique, fulvous ; the first at

one-third, angled beneath costa, and with coarse black dots in the upper part ;

exterior line oblique from apex to middle of inner margin, thicker below, preceded

by a finer oblique fulvous line ; some black snbapical costal blotches ; submargiual

line indistinct, but marked by two black blotches between veins 2 and 4 ; a black

cell-spot ; fringe concolorous.

liindwbigs : the same, without the first line.

Underside pale straw-colour, with coarse black speckles : costa of forewings

much marked with black ; the blotches of the submarginal line black, and a central

black fascia on hiudwings; cell-spots black: apical blotches of forewings marked

with brown. Palpi ferruginous ; head, thorax, and abdomen ochreons, spotted

with fulvous.

Exjianse of wings : 39 mm.

One S from Madagascar.

232. Racotis boarmiaria vufaria subsp. nov.

Like li. boarmiaria Guen., but with the npperside of both wings strongly

tinged with rufous. The pale underside much dusted with fuscous atoms.

One ? from Moroka, British New Guinea, 3500 feet, October 1896 (Anthony).

( 99 )

233. Sciog'lyptis lithina sp. nov.

Forewimi'i : cream-colour, tinged with grey; \i dark spot on costa before middle

indicates the origin of the first ]ine ; a small dark brown cell-spot : second line from

a dark mark just before apex runs obliquely to middle of inner margin, marked only

by brown linear spots on veins : towards inner margin there are traces of a brown

line before it and parallel to it : beyond the cell a brownish blotch runs from outer

line to hiudmargin, crossed by the submargiual line, wliich there is whitish, Imt

scarcely distinguishable below ; a row of small dark marginal spots : fringe con-

colorous, spotted with brown below tlie a])ex.

Hiiidiciiigs : with two brown straight central lines, one on" either side of the

discal spot, which is black ; a wavy indistinct snbterminal and submargiual line.

Underside yellower, with the markings black ; both wings with black cloud

towards apex. Face grey-brown ; palpi white below, grey above : thorax and

abdomen ])ale grensh.

Expanse of wings : 34 mm.

One ? from Mackay, Queensland.

234. Scioglyptis semifascia sp. nov.

Forcwimis : pale ochreous or bone-colour, with scattered dark fuscous atoms :

the lines very indistinct : first at one-fourth, curveil, brownish : second from costa at

three-fourths, curved inwards to inner margin beyond middle; submargiual line

<lentate, more distinct ; the space between the last two lines filled in with fuscous

from the third median to inner margin : a marginal row of dark spots, preceded by

an indistinct fuscous shade ; fringe ochreous.

llhidirings : like forewings.

Underside the same, the markings only showing through. Head, thorax, and

abdomen all pale ochreous.

Expanse of wings : 36 mm.

One J from Humljoldt 13ay, Dutch New Guinea, October 1892 (W. Doherty).

Subfamily FIDONIINAE.

235. Aspilates tricolor sp. nov.

Forewings : pale pink, with two broad jet-lilack oblique streaks, one from inner

margin close to base towards ajjex ending in a ]]oint at three-fourths, the other from

middle of inner margin towards apex slightly bent and broadened above anal angle

and not quite reaching apex ; the space between them pale cream ; the second is

followed by a dull olive shade containing a black blotch at anal angle ; fringe pink,

^v^th broad jet-black marginal line.

llhiilicimis : pale yellowish cream-colour, with the fringe and some scales near

anal angle jjink.

Head, thorax, and abdomen jiiuky yellow. Underside bright red, with a few

scattered fuscous scales ; the inner margin of both wings pale yellow ; markings of

forewings showing through.

Expanse of wings : 30 mm.

One 6 from Weenen, Natal.

A very .striking and beautiful insect.

( 100 )

Aspilatopsis gen. nov.

Allied to IJehdomojjldHda AVarr. gcii. nov., but with vein 1 1 missing instead of

vein 7 ; 7 and 8 stalked from before ui)per angle of cell ; 9 and 10 stalked shortly

before them ; 9 anastomosing with 7 and 8 to form the areole, which is much

shorter ; the two snbcostals of hindwings from angle of cell. Wings broader, as

in Aspilates ; antennae of <S jilumose, with long pectinations.

Type : Aspilatopsis punctata sp. nov.

236. Aspilatopsis ptinctata sj). nov.

Forewings : fulvons ochreons ; first line at one-third, marked by two browu

sjiots, one in cell, the other on submedian fold ; the latter much nearer the base than

the former ; cell-spot distinct, blackish ; an oblique brown line from costa just before

aj)e.\ towards inner margin at two-thirds, before whii'h it becomes obsolete ; the

ground-colour before this line is slightly darker ; fringe with basal half red-brown,

apical half whitish.

llindtciyigs : pale ochreous towards base, deeper and freckled with reddish

towards hiudmargin.

Underside deep rosy ; the inner half of liiudwings ]iali'r. Face, thorax, and

abdomen like wings ; palpi and forelegs tinged with rosy.

Expanse of wings : 34 mm.

Two S (? from Weenen, Natal.

23T. Fidonia strigosata sp. nov.

Forewings : whitish, ochreous-tinged, and uniformly and thickly dusted with

fuscous dots and striae ; the lines fuscous, somewhat interrujited ; first at one-fourth,

nearly vertical : outer line at three-fourths, ])arallel to hiudmargin, formed of brown

lunules between the veins, followed by a parallel row of browu spots between the

veins ; a row of fuscous brown margiual spots ; fringe whitish, with two faint grey

lines ; cell-sjiot browu.

Ifin(//ci)i(/s : without first line ; the cell-spot minute ; tlie outer line coutiunous,

not formed of lunules or followed by a line of spots ; veins of both wings ochreous.

Underside much more tinged with yellowish, espec-ially along costa of forewings ;

the markings indistinct. Head, face, tliorax, and abdomen white, .speckled with

fuscous.

Expanse of wings : 32 mm.

One ? from North Luzon, oOOO— 600O feet (Wliitehead).

This must be allied to the species from 'W'est Java dcscriljed by me as Fidonia

albigrisea.

Hebdomophruda gen. nov.

Forewings : elongate, narrow : costa straight, somewhat bent ujiwanls and

convex before ajiex, whicli is sliglitly produced but Ijlunt ; hiudmargin strongly

curved.

Hindwings : with apex rounded and anal angle well marked.

Antennae of i pectinated throughout : forehead slightly tufted : puljii roughly

scaled, jwrrect, the terminal joint drooping: liind tibiae with two ])airs of ajijiroximate

spurs.

( 101 )

JS^'ennit/o/t : forcwings, cell three- fifths of wing : discocellular strongly curved :

first median at fonr-fifths, second just before tlie end, third from the end of cell ;

radials normal : vein 7 absent : veins 10 and 11 stalked from three-fifths : veins 8

and 0 stalked from just before end of cell : 10 anastomosing witli 8 and '.i at a point,

forming a very long areole ; 11 from near the end of areole : 8 and 9 on a short stalk

from the end. Hindwings, costal approximated to subcostal for three-fourths of

cell ; the two subcostals stalked ; the discocellular inangulated ; the second median

well before angle of cell, nearer to the first than to the third.

Related to P rosopolopha Led.

Type : Ilebdomophrmla cuniUnea sp. nov.

238. Hebdomophruda apicata sp. nov.

Forewhujii : pale wood-brown, sufi'used ;in(l mottled with fuscous ; costa dotted

with brown, and darker towards base ; a thin black line from one-third of inner

margin to near apex, curved upwards beyond the middle, edged on l>oth sides with

a brownisli shade ; a black oblirjue streak from apex : a small black cell-spot ; a faint

brown slightly waved line from near base of inner margin to below cell-spot, there

angled, and becoming obsolete : traces of dark and pale longitudinal lines above it ;

margiual line finely brown : fringe concolorous.

Himhcinf/s : pale brownish, mottled with fuscous ; the inner margin darker :

traces of three curved dark lines towards hindmargin, most distinct towards the

inner margin.

Underside cloudy ochreous, sjieckled with dark fuscous. Head, thorax, and

abdomen pale brownish ochreous, speckled with darker.

Expanse of wings : 32 mm.

One c? from Weenen, Natal, April 1894.

In this species veins 8 and 9 of forewings are on a longer stalk from apex of

areole than in ourvilinea : vein 11 from near its apex.

239. Hebdomophruda curvilinea sp. nov.

Forewi/igs : brownish ochreous, flith a few coarse brown speckles ; a diffuse

brown-black shade in cell below the subcostal ; a similar but more diffuse shade

along inner margin ; a thick brown-black obliijue line from middle of inner margin

to apex, slightly outcurved beyond middle : hindmargin suffused witli brown-black :

fringe with the inner half concisely brown-black, the outer half whitish.

Hindwings : wliitish, with a faint brownish tinge, especially towards the anal

angle.

Underside paler, tinged with yellowish, with the markings as above : hind-

margin of forewings and costa of hindwings l)right rosy. Head, thorax, and abdomen

concolorous with wings ; the thorax usually paler ; the forehead and jjulpi tinged

w4th brown or reddish.

Exjiause of wings : 34 mm.

Four 6 6 from Weenen, Natal : two dated March and two August 1804 ; the

August captures in much better condition than the others.

Subfamily t^ELIDOSEMlNAE.

240. Anonychia diversilinea sp. nov.

Forr.wings : pale wood-brown, finely dusted with fnscous ; the costa dotted with

fuscous ; first Hue oblique outwards, from costa at one-fourth to inner margin at

( 102 )

(jnite oiie-tliirJjbroacll}- diffused with red-brown externally; onter line al tlnvc-lbnrths,

strongly angled outwards opposite the cell, deeply concave above and below, with a

diffuse broad red-brown inner shade ; cell-spot blackisli, with a brown costal spot

above it ; a brown subapical costal spot ; hindiuargin hardly darker, never with the

distinct grey-brown shade that a])pears iu griaea Butler ; marginal line rLMl-lirown,

distinct ; fringe coucolorous.

Ilindwiitgs : paler brown, with small cell-spot and red-brown postmedian line,

distinct on inner margin and becoming obsolete beyond the cell.

Underside reddish ochreons, with distinct red-brown striae; forewings with black

cell-spot and costal edge of outer line ; hindwiugs with a strongly bent submarginal

brown line. Head, thorax, and abdomen concolorous.

Kxjianse of wings : cJ, 32 mm.: ?,38mm.

Several from Sikkim (PUcher It'!/.).

Distinguished from .]. t/n.^ca Butler by the browner tint and stronger markings,

and especially by the direction of the first line.

241. Anonychia pallida sjj. nov.

Forewings : whitish ochreons, witli a jiink tinge, and dusted with dark grey ;

first line vertical, faintly curved, brown, edged outwardly with rufous : second line

l)rown, angled ontwards beyond cell towards hindmargin, and concave above and

below, as in A. grisea Butler, with a broad internal shade of olive-fnscons : a small

black cell-spot, and a fnscons spot on costa beyond it ; hindmargin with an ochreous

grey suffusion, containing dark horizontal streaks between the veins connected with

the black marginal line : fringe greyish fuscous.

Hindicings : paler, with a pale brown postmedian line, bent in the middle and

not reaching costa ; traces of a bent and waved submarginal line ; cell-spot grey ;

area within line and before hindmargin tinged witli jiale brownish grey ; marginal

line waved, dark brown ; fringe pale grey.

Underside yellowish, dotted with brown ; inner-marginal area of forewiiigs

I)early white ; a brown submarginal line, most distinct towards costa. Head, thorax,

and abdomen concolorons with wings ; face more whitish ; palpi ferruginous.

Expanse of wings : 28 mm.

One ? from Simla, April IsiHi.

Arctoscelia gen. nov.

Forewings: elongate; costa curved thronghont ; apex blunt: hindmargin

obliquely roimded, snbcrenulate.

ff/nduings : long, both angles and hindmargin rounded.

Antennae simjde in both sexes, lamellate : forehead hairy; palj)i porrect, short,

densely hairy; a tuft of long hair from abdomen at base of hindwings ; femora and

tibiae of hindlegs clothed with enormous tnfts of hair, as long as the tarsi, and with

four spnrs. Underside of hindwings wholly woolly. The ? is without any hairs

except on pectus.

Neuration : forewings, cell more than half as long as wing; discoccllultir vertical;

first median at three-fourths, second before end, third from end of cell ; radials

normal: veins 7, 8, 9 stalked ; 10 and 11 stalked: 11 anastomosing with the costal.

Hindwings with first sulicostal and second median both before the end of cell.

Type : Arctoscelia onusta sp. nuv.

( 103 )

242. Ai'ctoscelia onusta sp. unv.

cJ. Forewinqs : smoky black, with sliglit pale striatious; the lines deeper bl;icl<.

accompanied by pale dots on the veins ; first line at one-fonrth, angled outwards in

cell and on submcdian fold ; second line at three-fourths, curved parallel to hind-

margin and outwards above inner margin, dentate inwards between the veins, the

outward teeth on the veins followed by whitish spots, that on costa large ; sub-

marginal line wavy, obscure, finely pale : a large diftuse cell-blotcli on the disco-

cellular ; fringe concolorous, subcrenulate ; costa in places speckled with paler.

Hindwings : smoky brown, darker towards hindmargin : fringe dark brown,

paler at base, with a dark marginal line.

Underside of both wings smoky brown, the hiudwiug woolly. ? somewhat

paler and browner ; the underside with the ccll-si)ots and curved postmediam line

blackish. Face, palpi, and thorax blackish, very hairy ; abdomen cinereous browu.

Tufts of the legs in S rufous fuscous.

E.xpanse of wings : 44 mm.

One cJ, two ? ? , from N. Luzon, .5U0U— GOOO feet (Whitehead).

243. Arctoscelia onusta ab. mutata nov.

A pair from the same locality ditier sutticieutly to deserve a separate description.

Gronnd-colour olive-ochreous, thickly dusted with fuscous, the veins ferrnginoas :

costa ferruginous ochreons, thickly dotted with black : the lines black, distinct aud

denticulate, with faint whitish dots on veins ; the discal mark a black ring with

pale centre; snbmarginal line preceded by a coarse black shade, interrupted between

veins 3 and 4; fringe ferruginous, mottled with dark fuscous. Hindwings smoky

brown, as in the typo. Underside of wings, head, and thorax smoky brown, not so

dark as in the type. The yellow veins of the forewings are dotted with black, the

intervals being filled up with smoky fuscous, powdered with fine whitish scales.

Although so different in appearance, there can be no doubt of their being a form of

onmta.

244. Petelia sti'igata sp. nov.

Foreivings : mouse-colour, with numerous dark fuscous striae ; the lines

brown ; first near base at one-fifth, slightly curved ; second similar, before middle,

followed by a distinct dark cell-spot ; third at three-fourths, oblique ; a short

ol)l!quc black streak from apex, continued vertically, then running inwards and

denticulated along the outer line, which it nearly touches ; the space between them

brownish ; a pale grey triangular blotch below apex ; fringe concolorous.

Ilindwinqs : with antemedian and median ciuwed brown lines ; the cell-sjiot

white ; hindmargin darker.

Underside glossy cinereous, witli dark speckles. Face and palpi brown: vertex

white ; thorax and abdomen concolorous with wings.

Expanse of wings : 26 — 28 mm.

Three d S from AVeenen, Natal.

24.3. Petelia strigata ab. pallida nov.

Ground-colour paler, ocbreous grey ; the markings all more distinct : the sub-

marginal line black and denticulate throughout : the triangular jialc spot diiFuse

and inconspicuous ; underside much jialer.

( 10-1 )

Three t?c?, one ?, from Natal, collected by A. J. Spiller.

This is probably merely a local form. The ? has the speckliags mach coarser;

one cJ is much suffused in the forewings with rnfous brown.

Subfamily SEJIIOTHIStNiAB.

246. Acadra fulvisparsa sji. uov.

Forewings : white, thickly sprinkled and snft'nsed with ])nrplish grey; the lines

dark purplish brown ; first line from just before the middle of costa to inner m.-irgin

near base, starting from a costal patch ; second line from the same patch, acutely

angled outwards towards apex, then straight and oblique to inner margin close to

first line ; third line from costa at two-thirds, also acutely angled outwards near

hindmargin, tlien straight and oblique, geminated, to inner margin at middle : two

straight submarginal lines from inner margin before anal angle, coalescing and

rnnmng into hindmargin beyond the angle of third line ; a whitish grey-speckled

]iatch at apex, with dark spots on costa and hindmargin ; costal space beyond third

line fnlvous, this colour being irregularly diffused below towards the hindmargin

and along the median nervules : a small dark cell-dot be_vond the first line ; a thick

purplish brown marginal line ; fringe white, much suffused and mottled witli

purplish brown.

Ilindwings : with a dark basal line, a thick antemedian line, double postmedian

and submarginal lines, all straight, purplish bmwn ; the broad central area white,

almost unspeckled, with a black cell-spot ; hindmargin from tooth to anal angle

narrowly white ; marginal line from apex to tooth thick, purple-brown, the fringe

dark ; from tooth to anal angle fine, with the fringe white.

Underside with the markings all suffused dark purj)lish brown, the fulvous

costal patch large and well defined ; head, thorax, and abdomen jmrplish grey,

mixed witli whitish.

Expanse of wings : 36 mm.

One S from Warri, River Niger, February 1890 (Dr. Roth).

The hindmargin of forewings is oblirpie outwards from apex to vein 7, then

oblique inwards, with a shallow double excision between veins 7 and 4.

247. Azata mutabilis s]i. nov.

Forewings : brown, with darker speckles and striae ; the lines ferruginous,

marked with dark brown or black ; first close to base, angled beneath costa ; second

wholly ferruginous and obscure, passing over the cell-spot : outer line at two-thirds,

minutely waved, and curved below costa, sometimes marked with brown-l)lack,

followed by a dull lustrous line and again by a dark shade which contains a black

spot between veins 3 and 4 ; marginal area darker ; an interrupted brown-black

marginal line ; fringe concolorous.

Ilimlicings : without the black s])ot, and with a submarginal ferruginous curved

line.

Underside bright fulvous, with black speckles to the outer line, then dark

brown, with the margin again becoming fulvous. Face, palpi, and vertex dark

brown ; thorax and abdomen grey.

Expanse of wings : <?, 22 mm. ; ? , 24 — 2() mm.

( 105 )

One c?, 2 ? ?, from Penungali, N.E. Borneo, December 1893, January 1S04

(Cator).

The c? shows hardly a trace of concavity lielow the apex of forewings : one ? has

a sliglit incision ; the other and larger example has it distinct from vein 7 to 4,

the marginal line being wholly black within it. The hindwings are crennlate, with

a blimt angulation in the middle.

248. Azata sororcula sp. nov.

Foretoings : dnll wood-colour, with darker brown irroration ; the lines darker

brown, at one-fonrtli, one-half, and two-thirds respectively, all slightly bent below

costa, then minutely waved to inner margin, parallel to one another ; marginal area

suffused with darker, with a rather large blackish blotch in the middle adjacent to

the outer line ; cell-spot and marginal line dark Iirown ; fringe brown, chequered

with darker, with a pale base and dark median line.

Hindwinc/s : with the cell-spot large ; an antemedian and postmedian line ;

marginal area darker, but without the black blotch.

Underside whitish, with coarse coalescent brown and ochreous sj)eckles ; the

veins ochreous ; marginal area brown, towards the hindmargiu freckled with white

in the lower half of wing. Head, thnrax, and abdomen concolorous.

Expanse of wings : 26 mm.

One ? from Zomba, Upper Shire District, May 1895 (Dr. P. Rendall).

The hindmargin of forewings is slightly bent at vein 4, hardly indented above

and more olili(|ue below : of hindwings snbcrenulate, with a perceptible tooth

at vein 4.

Chorodnodes gen. nov.

Forewings : ample : the costa straight for tive-sixths, then strongly arched

and depressed to vein 8 : hindmargin bluntly elbowed at vein 4, the anal angle

strongly marked.

Hindwings : with the hindmargin excised below apex and forming a large

bluntly bidentate prominence at the ends of veins 6 and 7, and a deep almost

semicircular excision between 6 and 4, thence running nearl}' straight to anal angle,

which is obscurely lobed.

■ Palj)i porrect, moderate ; antennae simple ( ? ).

JWiar/tion : forewings, cell not half as long as wing ; discocellular bent, the

lower arm oblique ; iirst median at two-thirds, second close before end of cell, third

from the end; radials normal; 7, 8, '.» stalked; 10 and 11 stalked. In the

hindwings the subcostals and last two medians rise close together from the ends

of cell.

Type : Chorodnodes rothi sp. nov.

240. Chorodnodes rothi sjt. nov.

Forewings : ochreous whitish, with a dull olive tinge, and speckled with olive

and fuscous; first line at one-sixth, starting from a brown costal spot, running out

along, and bent rectangularly on, the sirbcostal, and incurved from the median;

second line at two-thirds, incurved at costa, then straight to near inner margin before

anal angle ; followed by a smoky olive-brown suffusion, the space immediately

( 106 )

succeeding the Hue beiusr piilcr and edged by a Hue of dark teetli, ditl'iise above and

becoming black-brown and more distinct towards inner margin, where the line ends

in a dark blotch : siibmarginal line pale, wavy, edged by brown triangular blotciies,

excnrved above towards hindmargin : cell-spot large, curved, brown with black

edges, covering the whole of the discocellular and merged in a brown costal spot

above ; a narrow brown marginal line just before the actual margin, which is of

the pale ground-colour : fringe rufous fuscous, jiale below the apex and at vein 3.

Jfr/ir/trimj.i : with a black cell-spot, preceded by a forked antomcdian brown

line : the pale gronnd-colour becomes smoky olive towards the hindmargin, and

contains a dark brown snbmarginal line from costa before apex, bent in the middle

and incurved and obsolescent towards inner margin : a curved whitish line from anal

angle to hindmargin o])])osite cell : snliapical ])rojection with a large brown white-

edged blotch : marginal line deep brown, leaving, as in forewings, a fine pale space

beyond it, and from costa to vein 7 edged internally by a pale line ; fringe from

apex to projection and in the excision opposite cell dark, the rest pale.

Underside whitish, with coarse olive-fuscous s])eckles ; a broad brown sub-

marginal fascia, its inner edge crenulate, and extending in forewings to hindmargin

opposite the cell, in hindwings filling up the prominence and irregularly broken

1>elow. Head, thorax, and abdomen pale ochreous white, speckled with darker.

Expanse of wings : 58 mm.

Two ? ? from Warri, River Niger, April l><m (Dr. Uotli).

This very conspicuous insect is named in ht)nour of tlie collector.

25(t. Gonodela commixta sj). nov.

Forewings : whitish, this ground-colour almost entirely hidden, except towards

apex and hindmargin, by purplish grey and brownish suffusion ; costa j-ellowish

ochreous, with fuscous striae ; the three lines dark brown, .it one-third, one-half, and

two-thirds resjjectively, all bent below costa, tiien oblique and parallel ; a dark,

somewhat irregular, marginal line : fringe dark grey, with a paler base.

Hindwings : with slightly waved antemodiau, postmodiau, and snbmarginal

lines ; both wings with black cell-spot.

Underside whiter, much freckled with fnscons ; a broad snbmarginal fuscous

fascia : forewings with a white subapical spot ; hindwings with the inner-marginal

area whiter : head, thorax, and abdomen fuscous.

Expanse of wings : 32 mm.

One 6 from Warri, River Niger, February 1890 (Dr. Roth).

The hindwings have the hindmargin produced in the middle, and somewhat

convex on either side: antennae filiform, hardly pubescent.

251. Gonodela distingaxenda sj). nov.

Forewings : whitish, uniformly dusted with fuscous atoms ; the marginal area

sufinsed with pale puri)lish grey, which sometimes extends along the iimer margin

and pervades the basal area ; costa grey, mixed with ochreous ; first line at one-

fourth, outcurved from costa, bent above the median, and oblique inwarcts ; median

line generally diftuse, curved just below costa, touching the cell-spot, and incurved

so as to approximate to the inner line below the middle ; outer line bluntly angled

on vein 6, thence minutely waved to inner margin at thrce-fourth> ; submurginal

line obscure, pale grey or whitish, preceded at costa by a triangular fuscous blotch,

( 107 )

and below the middle by some iiTetriilar-shaped blackish patches ; a pale grey

apical lilotch ; fringe fuscous, mottled with darker, and with a darker central line ;

marginal line blackish, variable in intensity.

Hini/u'im/s : witli thick antemedian line, including the cell-spot, slightly waved

postmedian and pale snbmarginal line, following a blackish shade.

Underside whiter, thickly dusted with darker ; all the veins ochreons : tbe

lines and shades browner, distinct in the ? , paler and mixed with ocbreous in the

J J. Face, ])alpi, and collar dark brown ; vertex and abdomen pale grey ; thorax

fuscous grey.

Expanse of wings : J , -i-i mm. ; ? , 34 mm.

Two SS, one ? , from Weenen, Natal.

A well-marked species, distinguished by the uniform striation and ])uri>lish

grey suffusion.

252. Gonodela duplicilinea sp. nov.

ForetcinffS : greyish white, dusted with dark grey, and partially suffused with

fuscous ; the lines brown, at one-fourth, one-half, and two-thirds ; all angled on the

subcostal, then oblique, slightly waved inwards, the first and second thickened on

costa ; the third double, each arm marked by a black spot at the angle, and by two

on veins 3 and 4 respectively, the upper of the two outer ones being small or

obsolescent, the lower prominent ; a brown costal triangle beyond outer line and a

fuscous cloud on hindmargin opposite cell; cell-spot and marginal dots black; fringe

fuscous, with a dark central line and pale base.

Uin(hmng» : similar, but the second line nearly central, followed by a broad

brownish fascia.

Underside whitisli, with the fascia and veins ferruginous. Head, tlnn-ax, and

abdomen cinereous.

Expanse of wings : 30 — 32 mm.

Four ? ? from Weenen, Natal, October 1S93.

253. Gonodela impar sp. nov.

? . Forewings : white, with scattered fuscous scales ; the costa yellowish, with

dark striae ; first line obscure, curved, close to base; median line bent at costa, then

vertical, touching the black cell-spot, with a blotched inner shade adjacent ; exterior

line at two-thirds, brown, sharply angled outwards on subcostal vein, then vertical

and slightly waved to inner margin at two-thirds ; marginal area suffused with

purplish grey ; a blackish costal streak touching angle of outer line, followed by two

pale blotches, the lower one oblong, distinct, and white ; a triangular whitish spiace

on hindmargin below middle ; blackisli blotches beyond outer line between veins

3 and 5, and on the submedian fold : a crenulate dark grey marginal line ; fringe

white, chequered with grey at ends of veins, altogether grey opposite the cell.

Ilindwings : with thick double antemedian line preceding the black cell-dot,

and wavy subdentate postmedian line : marginal area as in forewings, with one

black blotch between veins 3 and 4.

Underside white, fuscous-speckled, with the markings deep brown ; the ccll-

jxits large. Head, thorax, and abdomen greyish ochreons.

cJ with both wings sufi'used with dark purplish grey, mixed with olive-ochreous.

( 108 )

scales, the marginal area ileepest ; all the markings can he obseurely traced : iiniler-

side exactly like that of the ? ; head, thorax, and abdomen all dark grey.

Ex])anse of wings : 'iC^ mm.

One (J, one ?, "Warri, River Niger; the o dated February, the ? June, 1896

(Dr. Hoth).

The forewings of the <S are much narrower and more elongate than those of the

? , the hindmargin more oblique and not convex ; the hindwings more rounded, the

tooth at vein 4 not so ])rominent as in ? . Though taken at different dates, and so

dissimilar at first sight in ajipearance, I feel sure they are sexes of the same sjieeies.

The ? is very much like the ? of G. di sting uenda AVarr. from Natal.

2.")4. Gonodela multistrigata sj). nov.

Forf.icings : white, densely striated with fuscous, and with the basal and mar-

ginal areas more or less suffused with fuscous and ochreous scales ; the lines black ;

first at one-fourtli, curved below costa, shortly indented on the median vein, then

obliquely curved inwards ; median line also curved below costa, then obliciue,

sometimes preceded by a dark line in the lower half, sometimes thick and diti'use

throughout : exterior line outcurved from costa, forming a narrow rectangular

projection beyond cell, then irregularly waved to inner margin at two-thirds,

followed below middle by a thick fuscous shade, which leaves two or three spots of

white beyond the line ; this shade becomes black between veins 3 and 4 ; sub-

marginal line obscurely jialer, preceded on costa by a dark blotch : a dark black-

streaked cloud on hindmargin ojiposite the cell : cell-spot black, distinct : all the

lines thickened on costa, the exterior line followed on costa by an oclireous or white

spot ; fringe mottled, dark and light fuscous, with a pale base beyond a line of

black marginal luniiles.

Hindwings : with a dark, sometimes diffuse, antemedian line and a dentate

jiostmedian one : submarginal line pale, preceded by a dark fascia containing black

blotches in the middle ; fringe as in forewings.

Underside white, with coarse dark speckles ; middle and exterior lines isartially

double, the latter followed by a fuscous fascia, which is diffused to hindmargin

opiwsite the cell in both wings, and in the forewings is extended to the apex : the

cell-spots black. Head, thorax, and abdomen cinereous, mottled with fuscous.

Expanse of wings : J , 30 mm. ; ? , 32 mm.

Six examples of both sexes from Weenen, Natal.

255. Gubaria fluidata sp. nov.

Fore-wings : purplish grey ; the basal area browner, edged by a sinuate brown

line, and containing the l)asal line, which is angled below costa : second line brown,

only slightly angled below costa, the angulation filled up by the purplish grey shade,

which protrudes somewhat above the median vein : the white central fascia has

therefore its edges both irregularly curved, instead of straight ; a broad blackish

fascia beyond second line, forming a square black blotch on costa, edged ]>j the paler

but indistinct submarginal line ; marginal area purjilish grey; a dark marginal line;

fringe purplish, flecked with white below apex and above anal angle ; the white

fascia is much freckled with brown towards costa and contains tlic black cell-spot.

Hindwings : with the basal area short, not reaching beyond the middle of inner

margin, the white fascia therefore running to the margin just beyond middle and

( 109 )

not uaiTOwed off; outer line partly double ; the black markings set in yellow scales:

a small white blotch on hindmargin below the angle.

Underside with the basal area yellow, edged irregularly witli Immwu : the

marginal dark brown area including more than h:ilf the wing in the hindwings, with

the white marginal blotch distinct. Palpi ferruginous : head, thorax, and abdomen

above purplish grey; anal segment of abdomen, sides, and underneath yellow.

Expanse nf wings : 36 mm.

One ? from Penungah, N.E. Borneo, December 1893.

250. Gubaria umbrata sp. nov.

Forewini/s : whitish, irrorated and, except along the sjiace between midille and

outer lines, suffused with dull brown ; first line at one-fourth, obscure, bent below

costa, then oblirpie ; middle line diffuse, passing over the dark cell-spot ; outer line

bluntly angled on vein G, then incurved to inner margin at two-thirds ; the brown

marginal area marked with blackish blotches beyond the line, above inner margin,

between veins 3 and 4, and beyond the angulation ; from this last blotch a ))ale

mark starts towards the apex ; fringe brown, with paler base, beyond a dark brown

marginal line.

Iliiuhriihjfi : with broad diffuse antemedian shade, distinct black cell-spot, and

strongly sinuous brown postmedian line : the dark brown outer third with two

blackish blotches.

Underside whiter, with the same markings : thorax and abdomen concolorous ;

I lead wanting.

Expanse of wings : 32 mm.

One c? from Natal (A. J. Spiller).

The hindmargin of forewiugs is slightly bent at vein 4: of hindwings crenulate,

more strongly above the tooth at vein 4.

257. Luxiaria taeniata sp. nov.

Forewint/s : ochreous, dusted with reddish and fuscous scales : the lines

parallel to hindmargin: first at oue-fourth, bent on subcostal, brownish, interrupted;

median shade diffuse, from a dark grey costal spoi ; outer line marked by distinct

red-brown spots on the veins, bent at vein 6, and sinuate above inner margin,

followed by a broad grey clearly dentated fascia, which is again succeeded by a

more obscure and narrow dentate shade ; fringe ochreous, with a fine reddish

subcrenulate marginal line at base, preceded by distinct reddish dots between the

v(>ins ; cell-spot linear, grey, obscure.

Hindwings : the same, but the cell-sjiot black, round, and distinct.

Underside whitish straw-colour, with the markings deep brown ; a dentate

submarginal fascia, touching the margin beyond the cell, and precedi^d by the dotted

outer line ; cell-s])ot and lower part of median shade expressed. Face and palpi

ferruginous ; vertex, thorax, and abdomen ochreous.

Expanse of wings : 38 mm.

One ? from W;irri, River Niger, June ISiKi (Dr. Roth).

( 110 )

Peridela gen. nov.

The species referred to tliis geuiis bear t(i iionodi'la the same rehitioii that

Tepltrina Dnj). does to Te.phrinojjsix Warr., the antennae of the S being pectinated

instead of simj)!)- pubescent. At present they are all African insects.

Type : Peridela crassata sp. nov.

258. Peridela crassata sp. nov.

Foieir//t(/s: greyish white, tliickly ilusted with fnsc-ons atoms, the marginal

area suifused with grey aud fnscons ; the lines darker ; first from one-fourth of costa

to inner margin near base, curved below costa ; middle line from nearly two-thirds

of costa to inner margin before middle, nearly straight and mncli thickened below

middle ; onter line at three-fourths, black, slightly curved below costa, oblique and

irregularly waved to twtvthirds of inner margin, finely edged externally with paler,

and followed by a dark fuscous shade, which is black at osta and between veins

3 and 4, and is edged by pale grey scales forming the submarginal line : cell-spot black ;

veins towards liindmargin ochreous : fringe fuscous, with a pale base, anil a line of

Ijlackish lunules along margin.

Ilindwings : with thick antemedian and wavy postmediau blackish lines : a

black blotch between veins 3 and 4 in the dark marginal area. In the J the central

area between the middle and outer lines is decidedly paler than the rest of the wing ;

in the S the difference is scarcely perceptible.

Underside paler, with the markings more distinct. Head, thorax, and abdomen

fuscous grey.

Expanse of wings : 32 mm.

One J, one ?, from Mpeta, Loangwa River, December IfJO.'i (Coryndon).

2-50. Peridela curvifascia sji. nov.

Forewings: whitish, speckled and snlfused with fuscous aud lirowu, except a

curved and sinuous i)ale fascia between the middle and outer Hues, which is speckled

only; a dark dot near base ; a curved aud wavy first line at one-third; a sinuous

oblique median line from costa beyond middle to inner margin ratlier before middle:

outer line similar, but broken, followed by a diffuse dark Ijrown shade : the apex

paler ; a black cell-si>ot.

Hindiring.i: similar, without first line: fringes mottled whitish and brown.

with a dark crennlate basal line.

Underside similar, but duller. Head, thorax, aud abdomen darjv fuscous.

Expanse of wings : 20 mm.

One S from Mpeta, Loangwa River, December ISfi.j (Coryndon).

260. Peridela interrupta sp. uov.

Forewinqs : white, with jjalo brown suffusion, and dusted with fuscous ; the

markings dark brown and blackish, distinct ; costa suffused narrowly wif h fuscous ;

first line at (jne-fourth, bent below costa ; median line shortly beyond it, curved ;

both starting from a dark brown costal spot : outer line from an oTilique costal

streak, sharply pomted at its extremity, interrupted by the i)ale ground-colour below

subcostal ; its lower two-thirds curved, dark lirown, followed on costa by a brownish

( 111 )

triangnlar spot with dark brown outer edge, and below by a thick blackish and

fuscous shade, which forms an acute tooth outwards below vein 4 : a small dark spot

before apex, and a brownish triangular cloud on hindmargin below apex : fringe

fuscous, with pale basal line.

Ilimlwings : with dark brown antemedian and postmedian lines, nearly straight

and approximating on inner margin ; the space between them white, with a clear

dark cell-spot ; postmedian line followed by a broad fuscous shade containing a

narrow black blotch iu middle : submarginal shade white : marginal area striated

with fuscous.

Underside the same, but less distinct. Face and palpi dark brown: thorax and

abdomen fuscous.

Expanse of wings : 30 mm.

Three S <S from Weeuen, Natal.

261. Peridela triumbrata sp. nov.

Forewings : whitish ochreous, witii thick and coarse fuscous strigulation : the

costa and veins tinged ^nth yellowish : the lines thick and diffuse, dark brown ; first

at one-fourth, angled on the subcostal vein, then oblique to inner margin near base,

much thickened below the median ; second from middle of costa, which it does not

appear to touch, to inner margin just beyond first line ; outer line from costa at

two-thirds, finer, angled outwards on vein 6, then oblique to inner margin bej-ond

middle, followed on costa by a brown blotch, and below the angle by a brown shade,

which broadens to the inner margin and is bounded by the pale indistinct sub-

marginal line ; marginal line dark brown, crenulate : fringe ochreous, with dark

mottlings ; cell-spot l)rown, touching middle line.

Ilimlwings : with single antemedian, double postmedian, and waved submarginal

brown lines ; cell-spot distinct, blackish.

Underside with the markings all paler. Face, palpi, collar, and vertex brown,

with ochreous scales ; thorax and abdomen ochreous, with brown scales intermixed.

Expanse of wings : 20 mm.

One 6 from Penaug.

Much resembling /'. intern</j/'/ from Xatal, but without the strong black outer

tooth.

262. Petrodava(?) nigi'ipuncta sp. nov.

Fore/rings : yellow, sutt'nsed with deeper yellow or dull orauge : costa minutely

dotted with purplish ; a purplish black costal spot before apex, accompanied by

three or four black striae ; fringe deep yellow.

Hindwiiigs : wholly yellow. Both wings with deeper yellow cell-spot.

Underside wholly yellow. Head, thorax, and abdomen all yellow.

Expanse of wings : 26 mm.

One ? marked simply Australia.

A species of very doubtful location until the 3 is known.

263. Rhinodia(?) sordidata sji. nov.

Forewiiigs : dull ochreons grey, with dark grey striations ; an indistinct central

shade, passing over the dark cell-spot ; a diffuse curved dark shade at five-sixths

running to anal angle ; a dark marginal line ; fringe grey.

( 11-^ )

Eindnings : the same.

Underside paler, ochreons dusted with brown ; the submarginal shade brown

and ranch more distinct. Face and thorax brownish grey ; palpi and antennae

paler : abdomen wanting.

Expanse of wings : 20 mm.

One ? from Natal (A. J. Spiller).

The antennae are thick and slightly subserrate : palpi j)orrect, as long as io

Rhinorfia Gnen., to which genus, in the absence of the (J, it may be provisionally

referred.

2(i4. Semiothisa parallacta sp. nov.

Forewings : sandy ochreous, thickly dusted with olive-fuscous, and with a

darker tint towards hindmargin : costa dotted with lilack, and with a black spot at

origin of inner and outer lines, and two more before apex : lines olive-fnscons, all

angnlated below costa, then oblique and parallel to hindmargin, at one-fourth, one-

half, and three-fonrths respectively : the onter line more strongly angled beyond

cell, and marked with blackish above and below the angle, the angle itself partially

obliterated by a pale streak towards apex ; submarginal line waved, indistinct ; a

line of brown dashes along hindmargin between the veins, which are paler : cell-spot

faint, brown : fringe ochreous grey, with a paler basal line.

Ilindwings : with antemedian line curved round the black cell-spot, wavy post-

median line, and two submarginal dark shades, the inner one with some black scales

or spots upon it.

Underside straw-colonr, thickly mottled with brown ; the veins and costa yellow,

the latter striped with black ; forewings with an interrupted brown marginal fascia:

lines brown, intcrrnpted. Head and thorax like wings ; abdomen paler ochreous.

Expanse of wings : 27 mm.

One i from Zomba, Upper Shire River, 3000 feet, December 1S95 (Dr. P.

Kendall).

Hindmargin of forewings entire, of hindwings bluntly toothed.

265. Tephrina deerraria Wlk. ab. (?) dissocia uov.

All the markings much less varied and distinct than in the type ; the outer line

less sinuous ; the marginal area beyond it uniformly fuscous ; the two inner lines

obscnre, and often obsolete.

One cJ, two ? ? , from Weenen, Natal, January to March 1S94.

A much neater-looking form than the type, and possibly distinct.

2(iii. Tephrina furcata sj). nov.

(J. Foi-ewings : sandy ochreous, dusted with darker; the three lines oblique,,

and distinct only towards inner margin, at one-fourth, one-half, and three-fourths

respectively ; the first and third brown towards inner margin, the first edged

internally, and the third externally, with i>aler : the middle line diffuse, dark

ochreous ; the outer line is bent before apex and retracted to costa, -the angle

marked by two small black spots, and throwing oft' to hindmargin below apex a pale

oblique streak ; the onter line is followed by a darker ochreous shade, edged by the

obscurely paler nearly straight submarginal line : fringe concolorons ; the marginal

line finely brown, with darker dots at ends oi' veins.

( 113 )

Hindicings : with a straight brownish, externally pale-edged, line from inner

margin before anal angle to costa at two-thiVds, before whicli it is retracted : a small

black cell-spot.

Underside duller, with the outer line and shade alone marked.

? paler, towards the hindmargin dusted with blackish scales : first and second

Hues nearly obsolete ; third more curved, pale ochreons throughout, on the inner

margin edged inwardly with black scales, and with a black spot on each side between

veins 3 and 4 ; the black spots at the angle plainer.

Head, thorax, and abdomen concolorons with wings.

Expanse of wings : 32 mm.

One c?, one ?, from Weenen, Xatal, October 1895.

The hindmargin of forewings is almost imi)erceptibly indented at vein 7, thence

curved obliipiely to anal angle. In the hiudwings the hindmargin is nearly straight

from anal angle to vein 4, where it is faintly bent, and slightly crennlate between

4 and fi, fi and T, at which last vein it is again bent.

267. Tephrina geminata sp. uov.

Forewings : ochreons, finely dusted with fuscous ; the costa brownish ; first

line at one-fourth, brown, curved below costa, then oblique : outer line oblique from

before ajiex to beyond middle of inner margin, followed by a brownish fascia,

marked with darker opposite the cell ; an indistinct double submarginal streak ; a

row of dark marginal spots between the veins : fringe ochreons and fnscons.

Hhnhcinys : with the outer lines much paler ; both wings with a small black

cell-spot.

Underside the same, but much jialer. Face and paljii brown : thorax and

abdomen ochreons.

Expanse of wings : 26 mm.

Two cJJ, one ?, from Weenen, Natal, October 1893.

26S. Tephrina inconspicvia sji. nov.

Forew/ngs : very pale sandy ochreons, with darker ochreons irroration ; costa

dotted with pale fuscous ; first line at one-fourth, second at two-thirds, faintly

darker, both bent below costa, then straight and slightly oblique, the second followed

by a slightly darker fascia ; marginal line pale brown ; fringe concolorous ; cell-spot

ochreons.

Hint/wings : with cell-sjiot minutely black, the outer third of wing beyond the

faint postmedian line darker.

Underside still paler, with the markings faintly visible. Head, thorax, and

abdomen concolorous ; shaft of antennae white.

Expanse of wings : 26 mm.

One cJ from Weenen, Natal.

260. Tephrinopsis cong'ener sp. nov.

Forewings : whitish ochreons, thickly irrorated with dark ochreons : the costa

narrowly brown ; traces of a curved brown line at one-fourth ; a dark linear cell-

spot ; outer line at five-sixths, slightly curved below costa, thick, brown, followed

by a fine indistinct line : area beyond suffused with deeper ochreons : a fine brown

marginal line ; fringe ochreons.

8

( 11-1 )

Hindivings : similar : the onter line tbinuer, and obsolescent above middle.

Underside yellower : the veins ocbreons ; mar<.anal area tinged with rnfons.

Face, jialjii, and collar dark brown : vertex, tborax, and abdomen like wings.

Expanse of wings : 20 mm.

One d from North Lnzon, .60uO— GOOO feet ("Whitehead).

2711. Tephrinopsis marmorata -^p. nuv.

Forewings : pale ochreons or bone-colonr, varied with fnscous striae and atoms;

the lines dark fnscons or blackish ; first at one-fonrth, bent below costa, then

obliqne : second central, straight and obliqae : third blackish, at two-thirds, angled

beyond cell, then incurved to inner margin at two-thirds, followed by a brown shade

marked with black patches, which is again edged by the pale ochreoxTS snbmarginal

line, which ends in a pale triangular apical patch ; the margin beyond it darker,

with thicker striae ; marginal line concise, brown : fringe pale fnscous, except at

extreme ajiex, where it becomes ochreons.

Ilindtcings : with cell-dot and postmedian line brown, the latter followed by a

pale brown shade, sometimes marked with dark spots.

Underside duller. Face, vertex, and collar dull brown : thora.x and 'abdomen

ochreons, spotted with brown.

Expanse of wings : 34 mm.

Both sexes from Weenen, Natal, October 1893 to January 18'.)4.

The species varies much.

The above description was made from a dark specimen: the palest aberration,

for which I ])ropose the name pallidu, is yellowish ochreons, with all the markings

faintly fulvous, and no dark dusting whatever, and all intermediate forms occur.

The fringes vary from fnscons to ochreou.s, or ochreons chequered with darker.

27 1. Tycoonia natalensis sp. nov.

$. Forewings: olivc-ochreous, striated and sutFused with rufous and fuscous,

the whole marginal area being ferruginous brown : first line at one-fonrth, bent

below costa, rufous, starting from a fuscous costal mark ; median shade diffuse,

including the small black cell-spot : outer line at two-thirds, indented basewards

beyond cell and on submedian fold : snbmarginal line wavy, indistinct, the marginal

area within it deeper coloured tlian that beyond it ; a dark blotcli at anal angle :

fringe rufous, pinkish white towards apex.

Ilindwings : similar ; the median line less diffuse ; the submarginal marked by

black blotches below apex.

Underside bright yellow, with fuscous striutions : forewings with some red

scales in the submedian area ; marginal area bright ferruginous, tinged with yellow

on costa, and with a whitish smear below apex ; in the hindwings with a yellow

patch in middle of hindmargin. Face and paljii dull brown ; tliorax and abdomen

like ground-colour of wings.

? . Pale yellow, finely speckled with brownish ; tiic lines all fine, only the onter

one distinct, and without the indentations that are visible in the S ; ma'i'ginal area

hardly darker, suffused and speckled with dark towards apex and anal angle ; fringe

yellow.

Underside yellow, with the marginal area pale ferruginous along the outer line :

the head, thorax, and abdomen all vellow.

( 115 )

Expanse of wings : 38 mm.

One (J, one ? , from Natal (A. J. Spiller).

The hindwings are slightly truncate at apex, the hindmargiu bluntly crenulate

in its upper half. In Fetrodava Mosignata, from the West Coast of Africa, the

upper half of hindmargin is strongly dentate, witli deep incisions between the

teeth.

The forewings of the t? have a long double fovea between the submedian fold

and vein, partially visible above ; the cell in both sexes more than one-third as long

as wing.

Subfamily ENNOMINAE.

27:,'. Azelinopsis brunnea sp. nov.

Forewings : ochreons, tinged with ferruginous, thickly dusted and, except

towards apex and costa, nearly entirely suffused with fuscous brown ; a diffuse

oblique blackish first line at one-third, and a still more diffuse reddish brown shade

in middle just beyond an angulated hyaline mark on tlie discocellular ; outer line

finer, nearly straight and oblique at three-fourths, bluntly angulated below and

retracted to costa, followed by a black spot between veins 3 and 4 ; fringe

concolorous.

Hiiuliciiijjs : similar ; but the central shade bejori: the tritid hyaline cell-mark,

which is closely followed by the straight and double outer line ; the black spot

further from the line than in forewings.

Underside much paler, with fulvous suffusion and fuscous sjieckling. Head

dark rufous ; thorax and abdomen deep brown.

Expanse of wings : 32 mm.

One S from Assaba, River Niger (Dr. Crosse).

Much smaller, but in shape and markings agreeing well with Azelhwp&is

externa Warr. from Mackay, Queensland. This $ has the antennae armed with

short thick pectinations.

Cenoctenucha gen. nov.

Like OduntOjjera Stph., but with simple, not pectinated antennae, in the ^J.

Tyjie : C. similaria Moore.

273. Cenoctenucha imitata sp, nov.

Almost exactly like 0</oHtopera hilinearia Swinli., but the ground-colour

slightly yellower ; the lines dark grey ; first at one-third, curved and bent on the

median and submedian veins ; the second faintly dentate and evenly curved from

costa to inner margin ; the first preceded and the second followed by pale spots on

the veins ; a straight oblique dark grey submarginal shade beyond second line ;

this submarginal shade is distinct on the underside, liut is wanting in bilinearia ;

the S antennae being simjde and not pectinated will serve to distinguish it.

Cenoctenucha urmilarin Moore has two deep excavations in the hindmargin between

the apex and central angle ; C. lentiginosaria Swinh. has the same portion of the

hindmargin perfectly straight : the present species shows two faint curves with a

slight tooth between them, exactly as in 0. bilinearia Swinh., with which it also

agrees in size.

A few examples from the Khasias.

( 116 )

Cophophlebia gen. uov.

Forewings : ynth. costa nearlj- straight, curved slightly at base and towards

apex ; apex rectangnlar ; hiudmargin obliiine to vein 3, where it is faintly elbowed

and more oblique below.

Hindwimjs : with apex snbtrnncate, slightly elbowed at veins 7 and 3, and

])rodnc('d at anal angle.

Palpi porrect, short ; tongue minute ; antennae of d strongly bipectinate ;

hind tibiae flattened and slightly thickened, with four spurs.

Neuration : forewings, cell three-fifths of wing ; discocellular vertical above

concave below ; first median at five-sixths, second aud third from end of cell ; lower

radial from above the centre of discocellular, upper from upper end of cell ; veins

8 and 9 stalked from before end of cell; 7 missing; 10 and 11 stalked and

anastomosing shortly with the costal. Hindwings with first subcostal and second

median both before ends of cell ; radial from above centre of discocellular.

Type : Coplwjjhlebia olivatn sp. uov.

274. CophopMebia olivata sp. nov.

Forewings : yellowish olive-green ; costa pearl-grey ; the Hnes deeper green ;

first at one-third, bent below costa, then oblique inwards, edged internally with

pearl-grey ; second at four-fifths of costa, angled outwards above vein 0, then

oblique inwards, slightly sinuous to submedian vein, where it curves more obliquely

to inner margin near middle ; it is edged outwardly with pearl-grey, aud preceded

by a fainter sinuous green line : traces of an oblique median line ; submargiual line

hardly visible ; some dark striae above anal angle ; fringe green, becoming brown

at anal angle.

Ilindicings : with straight diffuse median line; fine slightly wavy postmedian

line, edged with pearl-grey; some dark striae towards base of wing.

Underside much yellower, the markings dark green : marginal area tinged with

grey. Head and thorax olive-green : abdomen (apjiareutly) more ochreous.

Expanse of wings : 34 mm.

One S from Zomba, Upper Shire River, 3000 feet, December 18y5 (Dr. P.

Kendall).

Superficially somewhat resembling the species of the Indian genus Mimockroa

Warr.

275. Corymica immaculata sp. nov.

Forewings : yellow, with very faint, hardly darker, irroration ; costa minutely

dotted with brown, and with a brown streak from base to second line ; the three

lines distinct, ferruginous ; first at one-fourth, bent in cell ; second before middle of

costa, strongly bent, or angled outwards be3'ond the small black cell-spot, and obliqne

inwards to before middle of inuer margin, where it ends in a small white spot ; third

line from before apex, where it is narrowly forked, to two-thirds of iiui,er margin,

sinuous ; fringe yellow, witli the base brownish and tips whitisli : no dark spots on

inner margin.

Ilindicings : with antemedian and postmediau pale ferruginous lines ; a small

black cell-spot ; marginal area rather deeper coloured.

Underside yellow, with numerous ferruginous striae ; the lines ferruginous, the

( in )

outer one thickened : npper half of marg-inal area with ferrugiaous striae massed

together, and also below the lower end of cell. Palpi aad lower half of face

j-ellowish : upper half of face and vertex shining white ; collar ferruginous ; thorax

and abdomen yellow.

Expanse of wings : 32 mm.

A pair from Sikkim, April and May 1880 (Pilcher %.).

Distinguished by the distinct lines, and the sinuous Kiicrnnidatrd margins of the

wings.

Eurythecodes gen. nov.

Foreicinys : broad, the costa arched throughout ; apex slightly produced : hind-

margin bluntly elbowed at vein 4, oblique below, slightly concave above ; anal angle

blunt.

Hindmnqs : with a small tooth at vein 4, the margin somewhat convex on

either side ; both angles well marked.

Palpi porrect, rough beneath, hardly reaching beyond face ; antennae of ?

shortly and evenly pectinated.

Neurat>07i : forewings, cell very broad, about half as long as wing; discocellular

with lower arm oblique ; first median at two-thirds, second well before end, third

from end of cell ; radials normal ; veins 7, 8, 9 stalked ; 10 and 11 coincident, anasto-

mosing at a jioint with costal, and not separating till near costa.

Type : Einyt/iecodes nigricola sp. nov.

Akin to Spilopcra and its allies.

276. Eurythecodes nigi'icola sp. uov.

Forcicinqs : jJale ochreous, thickly dusted with rust-coloured atoms, the basal

and marginal areas darker: first line at one-third, rectangularly bent on the subcostal

vein and vertical to inner margin ; second line from two-thirds of inner margin,

curved towards apex, but retracted to costa, and joined at the angle by a short

oblique streak from apex ; this line is edged outwardly, and the first inwardly, by a

diffuse brown shade ; a minute dark cell-spot ; fringe concolorons.

Hindtcings : with the dark line central, i)receded by the small cell-spot.

One of the two examples is wholly suffused with fuscous grey, having the outer

line bent as well as curved, and the marginal area much darker, showing traces of a

paler waved submarginal shade between darker clouds towards inner margin.

Underside paler, with the line of the hindwings doubled towards costa. Head,

thorax, and abdomen concolorous with wings.

Expanse of wings : 30—32 mm.

Two ? ? from Warri, River Niger, February 1896 (Dr. Roth).

277. Eurythecodes straminea sji. nov.

Forewhigs : straw-colour, dotted with rufous aud fuscous scales ; costa spotted

with dark ; first line at one-third, obscure, pliuubeons, bent outwards, with ferru-

ginous marks on the veins on its oiitside edge ; outer line from two-thirds of inner

margin, straight and oblique towards apex, angled ou vein 7 and retracted to costa,

plumbeous, preceded by a row of red dots on veins ; some fuscous and rufous dots

forming a shade from apex to angle of this line; a vertical greyish streak from inner

margin before anal angle ; fringe grey; a minute black cell-dot.

( 118)

Jlindnimjs : with an angiilated median line, jdimibeons, edged inwardly by a

tliin rnst-colonred line, and preceded by a black cell-sjiot : marginal area somewhat

clouded with darker, with traces of a dark blotch beyond the angle of the line.

Underside less speckled, the lines obscurer. Head, thorax, and abdomen straw-

colour.

Expanse of wings : 36 mm.

One ? from Warri, Hiver Niger, February 1896 (Dr. lloth).

2T8. Fasceliina aurifera sp. nov.

Foreu-ings : dull purplish brown, striated in j)arts with darker, and with paler

ochraceons tints ; an oblique dark line at one-third, bent at costa ; an oblique diffuse

dark median shade; costa between these two lines with a shallow pinkish grey patch,

irrorated with dark ; some gilded ochreons scales below it ; a wavy dark brown outer

line from inner margin at two-tliirds, retracted to costa and acutely angled outwards

below apex ; the costa beyond it pinkisli grey ; a broad gilded ochreons submarginal

shade ; margin itself and fringe brown ; the excisions on outer and inner margins

very shallow and inconspicuous.

Hindicimis : brownish ochreons, with scattered dark striae ; a very wavy dark

postmedian line, preceded by a dull burnished central fascia ; an obscurely waved

dark submarginal line ; margin and fringe deep brown.

Underside of forewings ochreons and yellow, thickly covered with fine jiurple

striae ; the costa yellow ; the central baud vinous red ; outer line and marginal area

red-brown ; submarginal shade gilded yellow : hiudwiugs deep 3'ellow, with purplish

striae along costa, and two wavy and interrupted postmedian purjjlish lines,

coalescing towards inner margin ; hindmargin irregularly purple. Pectus and basal

half of abdomen below yellow. Face and palpi red-brown ; thorax black-brown,

paler in front ; abdomen cinereous, becoming very deep fuscous towards apex.

Expanse of wings : 3s mm.

One c? from Jlouut Mulu, North Borneo (Hose).

279. Heterolocha spurcata sp. nov.

Forewings : yellowish ochreons, with numerous dark fuscous transverse strigae;

first line from a large costal blotch at one-third to inner margin at one-fourth, dark

fuscous ; second line from five-sixths of costa to inner margin at two-thirds, with a

large dark fuscous and black blotch beyond it between veins 2 and 4.

Ilindirings : with a dark curved submarginal line.

Underside the same. Head, thorax, and abdomen concolorous.

Expanse of wings : 28 mm.

One ? from Weenen, Natal.

The only example is very mucli worn, and the description is necessarily some-

what deficient.

280. Heteromiza vinilinea sj). nov.

Forewings: fawn-colour, with fine fuscous irroration ; an oblique exterior pale

line, edged internally with red-brown and marked by minute dark dots on the veins,

simply curved below costa, not angulated as in JI. caatanearia Moore, from costa

shortly before apex to inner margin at two-thirds, produced across hindwings as a

median line ; fringe of both wings concolorous ; no cell-spots or inner line.

( 119 )

Underside of both wings paler, -witli a curved brown line beyond middle ; liind-

wings with a largish brown cell-spot. Head, thorax, and abdomen concolorons ;

abdomen below whitish.

Expanse of wings : 39 mm.

One 5 from Lomi)a-Battan, South Celebes, 3U00 feet, March 1896 (Frnh-

storfer).

The neuration of forewings differs from that of //. castanearia Moore ; veins lU

and II both rise from cell, 10 anastomoses with 11 and again with the stalk of 8, 9.

281. Hyposidra albifurcata sp. nov.

Foreicinys : dnll smok}- black, with deep black cell-spot ; at two-thirds of costa

a white fascia rises, widening downwards to vein 3, and there bifitrcating to inner

and hindmargin : ti[) of wing white ; fringe black, except at end of the white streak.

Ilindicini/s : with tlie streak beginning broader, its edges diverging nniformlv to

either side of anal angle, so forming a conical fiiscia, with two or three black spots

Bear anal angle.

Underside duller. Head, thorax, and abdomen all black.

' Exjtanse of wings : 42 mm.

One c? from Bongao, Snlu Islands.

282. Hyposidra prunicolor sp. nov.

Forewhiqa : purplish grey, tinged in parts with brown; the markings indistinct;

traces of a darker basal patch, edged by a bent pale fascia; a shining greyish denticu-

late curved line at two-thirds ; marginal area with a diffuse dentate-edged shining

grey fascia, narrowing towards anal angle.

Hindwings : with a dark diffuse antemedian line, a pale waved and curved

postmediau line, and a pale grey cloirdy fascia from costa close to this last line

and runniog to anal angle.

Underside dull purplish brown, with the lines dark brown. Head, thorax, and

abdomen concolorons ; the face darker brown.

Expanse of wings : 70 mm.

One S from Stephansort, German New Guinea (Cotton and Webster).

Forewings with the apex not so much ])roduced, but the projection deeper

vertically: the hindmargin simply incurved, not excised, below vein 6, and bowed to

anal angle.

283. Hyposidra variabilis ab. siccifolia nov.

Forewings : brownish ochreons, with dark brown transverse striae, the base

suffused with fuscous ; a straight, inwardly oblique, dull red-brown streak across

centre of wing : an indistinct curved dark brown exterior shade ; some brown clouds

towards apex and anal angle.

Hindwings : with diffuse dark brown curved antemedian and postmediau

"bands ; marginal area broadly dark brown : both wings with black cell-spot : fringes

dark brown.

Underside like upper, with the markings less distinct ; ajjcx of forewings pale

grey. Head, face, and thorax dark brown ; abdomen paler.

Expanse of wings : 70 mm.

One ? from Cedar Bay, south of Cooktown, Queensland (A. S. Meek).

( 120 )

2^4. Nothomiza costalis Moore ab. intensa uov.

All the yellow tints of both wings are replaced by pink, except in the centre of

the costal blotches : the rest of the wings is filled liy dark grey scales, the veins

remaining pink.

The example is a <?, taken in the Khasias, dated May 1896.

285. Omiza chlorophora >i). nov.

Forewings : pale pinkish dral), towards hindmargiii snffiised with darker, and

sprinkled thronghont with nnmerons striae of contiguons blackish atoms ; centre of

wing occupied by an olive-green furcate fascia ; the inner edge strt)ngly carved

outwards from one-fourtli of costa to middle of inner margin, tlie outer irregularly

sinuate from costa at four-fifths to inner margin at two-thirds, the fascia thus being

very narrow on inner margin (and still more constricted on the submedian fold) and

very wide on costa ; this costal portion containing a triangular space of the ground-

colour, which almost interrupts the outer fork by a streak from its apex ; the space

immediately round the fascia is paler and not striated: fringe ochreous grey.

Ilindivings : with costal area ochreous ; two small roundish green blotches in

middle between median vein and inner margin ; fringe yellowish.

Underside uniform bright orange-fulvous. Face fuscous ; thorax and abdomen

concolorous with wings.

Expanse of wings : 32 mm.

One c? from Wetter, May 1892 (W. Uoherty).

286. Omiza informis sp. nov.

Forewings : reddish fawn-colour, speckled with black ; first line absent ; second

obscure, and shown mainly by the diiFerence of colour, from nearly two-thirds of

inner margin towards apex, where there is a pale spot ; the central area is rather

deeper coloured than the basal and marginal areas, especially towards the costa ;

jnst beyond the oblique line is a faint wavy line, which diverges from the second

line towards inner margin ; cell-spot black ; fringe deeper red.

Ilindieings : with costal area pale ochreous : a postmedian bent line, darker

on the inner half, followed Itetween veins 2 and 3 and 3 and 4 by small pale spots

edged outwardly with darker.

Underside paler, brighter pink mixed with yellowish, freckled with fnscons

and reddish ; the cell-spots black ; forewings with inner margin whitish, and

a yellowish fascia from inner margin beyond outer line as far as vein 4. Face and

palpi deep red ; thorax and abdomen like wings ; vertex paler.

Expanse of wings : 28 mm

One <i from Chandkhira, Sylhet.

This must be very closely related to 0. ynascicolor Warr. from the Karen HilLs,

the type of which is a ? in Mr. Elwes' collection, but 1 can scarcely think them

identical.

287. Platycerota crinita si', nov.

Foreivings : reddish testaceous, speckled with black ; lines red-brown ; first

at one-fourth, vertical, slightly wa%-ed and bent at costa : second from apex to

middle of inner margin, straight and oblique, followed by two white or whitish oval

( 1-^1 )

spots obliquel}' beneath each otiier at apex ; a small blark cell-dot ; fringe con-

colorons, the basal half darker, beyond a fine dark marginal line.

llindivings : with minute black cell-spot and central red-brown line ; the

marginal half paler, less reddish.

Underside the same, but paler and duller. Face, palpi, and vertex red-brown,

as is the base of costa of forewiugs ; thorax and abdomen concolorous with wings.

Expanse of wings : 36 — 39 mm.

Two c?(? from North Luzon, .5000-0000 feet (Whitehead).

The two species placed together by Hampson under Plat'/fei-ofa (Faun. Brif.

Ind. Motlis,^o\. III. p. l.j.j) differ from each other in the neuration, and the present

species differs from both : vein 11 of forewings anastomoses with 12 ; 7, 8, 9, 10 are

stalked together ; 10 anastomoses with 11 after its anastomosis with 12, and again

anastomoses with 8 and 9. A further poiut of difference consists in the presence of

a tuft of hair on the submedian nervure of the forewiugs of the S on the underside.

Procypha gen. nov.

Forewings : elongate, with costa straight till near before apex, then suddenly

deflexed ; apex square, bluntly subfalcate (there l)eiug a small tooth at the end of

vein 7, below which the hindmargin, which is shortly vertical above it, is faintly

incurved), bulged below middle, and again rather incurved before anal angle ; inner

margin sinuous, convex at base and anal angle, with a long concavity between ; the

anal angle loljed.

Hindwi7igs : with costa sinuate ; strongly shouldered near base, then concave,

and convex again to end of the costal vein, from which to vein 7 it is strongly

concave, the apex at vein 7 being acutely prominent ; the hindmargin below it like

that of forewiugs.

Palpi porrect, hairy, the third joint short ; antennae of ? moderately pectinated.

Neuration : forewiugs, cell about half as long as wing ; discocellular vertical

above, oblique below ; first median at five-sixths, second only just before end of

cell, third from the end : radials normal ; last three snbcostals stalked ; first two

coincident and free. Hindwings with costal apjjroximated to subcostal for Imt a

short distance, then abruptly curved away ; the two snbcostals and last two medians

from the ends of cell ; discocellular strongly inangulated. Ovipositor of ? exserted.

Type : Procyjiha vwculosata sp. nov.

Allied to Proboloptera, Meyr. from Australia.

288. Procypha maculosata sp. nov.

Forewiugs : dull brick-red, with a few scattered black scales; costa grey at base;

first line blackish, but obscure and interrupted, from costa at one-third to inner

margin at one-fourth, angled in cell, thence oblique, with dark dots on veins ;

exterior line at two-thirds, starting from a black blotch, angled on vein 6, thence

oblique to inner margin beyond middle, with two confluent black blotches on it,

one on each side of vein 3 ; submarginal line denoted by two black blotches on

either side of vein 6 and a large blotch at anal angle.

Him/wings : without lines ; with a few dark atoms, and a large black blotch

beyond cell ; fringe of both wings brighter red.

Underside the same. Face, palpi, and abdomen above reddish ; thorax and

abdomen below paler.

Expanse of wings : .52 mm.

One ? from the Cape of Good Hope.

( 122 )

289. Sirinopteryx nifivinctata Wlk. ab. interfuscata nov.

In this example the cell of forewings and the interspaces between the veins

be3"ond the middle of hotli wings are neatly filled np wth fawn-colonred scales,

the veins themselves remaining broadly yellow : the fringe also is fawn-colonred

beyond the yellow basal line. This suffusion is rather more extensive in the left

forewing than in the right, whereas in the hindwings the reverse is the case.

Underside equally suffused with the upper.

One ? from tlie Khasias, May 1896.

An example of the common liumia crutne(jntu Linn., now in tlie Tring Museum,

affords another illustration of this individual development of coloration.

2'.i(i. Zamarada auratisquama sj). nov.

Forewings : semihyaline, densely striated with transverse grey-green scales ;

the costa gilded yellow, with fuscous marks : marginal area bright red-brown on

a yellow ground, its inner edge pale yellow and mucli waved, and with a paler

yellowish submarginal waved line : fringe yellowish, chequered with red-brown and

blackish ; a dark streak on discocellular.

Hindwings : the same.

Underside more strongly iridescent ; the marginal area yellowish, with a

red-brown submarginal fascia. Face and palpi ochreous ; thorax dull green ;

abdomen greenish, with pinkish grey dorsal patches.

Expanse of wings : 30 mm.

One S from Warri, Eiver Niger, February 1896 (Dr. Roth).

2!.)1. Zamarada flavicosta sji. nuv.

Forewings : ])ale iridescent green, with no basal dark scales ; a small black

cell-dot ; a few dark scales on the veins towards and on inner margin; costa yellow,

with a few dark scales : marginal area pinkish grey, separated from the hyaline

space by a crenulated yellow-edged black line, sinuate outwards between veins 2 and

4, and traversed along its centre by a straight row of five red-brown triangles : two

more above the anal angle ; fringe yellow, with two dark marks below ai>ex and

three above anal angle, wholly yellow ojqiosite the cell ; marginal line subcrenulate,

reddish brown.

Hindwings : the same, but with only three reddish triangles below the costa

towards apex.

Underside with the marginal area dark jiurjilish fuscous, almost black. Face,

palpi, thorax, and abdomen ochreous : the last tinged with reddish grey.

Expanse of wings : 30 mm.

One (?, two ? ? ,from Warri, Uiver Niger, February 1890 (Dr. Roth).

One of the ? ? has the sinus iu the forewings bilobed and shallow; the S and

the other ? show a deep and broad angulation ; but this is probably ouly an

accidental difference.

292. Zamarada nasuta sp. nov.

Forewings ; pale yellowish green, iridescent and transparent ; the costa

yellowish ; a red-brown patch at base ; hindmargin purplish grey, with darker

specks, bounded by a dark line from three-fourths of costa to three-fourths of inner

( 123 )

margin, but forming a deep sinus between veins 2 and 4 nearly reaching to

liindmargin ; a snbmarginal wavy iridescent line, denticulate below costa and

inwardly edged by a rod-brown shade ; marginal line finely black, interrupted at

the veins; fringe bright rufons: a small black cell-dot.

Ilindwings : the same.

Underside like upper, but the fringes yellower. Head and thorax red-brown:

body wanting.

Exjianse of wings : 17 mm.

One ? from Lokoja, River Niger (A. Cook).

20:3. Zamarada protrusa sp. nov.

Forewings : pale translucent green ; the costa reddish ochreous, spotted with

black ; a black cell-dot ; outer line black, from subcostal at two-thirds, waved to

vein 4, then suddenly ontcurved and rounded near margin, returning along vein 2

and reaching inner margin at twothirds ; marginal area dull brick-red, dusted with

black scales, traversed by an interrupted row of brighter red lunules : basal line of

fringe dark brown ; fringe reddish.

Hindwings : the same.

Underside vitreous ; marginal area blackish, except a]>ex of forewings, which

is ochreous. Face, palpi, thorax, and abdomen reddish grey.

Expanse of wings : 20 mm.

One ? from Akassa, Eiver Niger.

204. Zamarada undimarginata sp. nov.

Forewings : very faintly greenish hyaline, the costa bronzy brown ; marginal

third nearly uniformly dark brown, with an obscurely darker denticulate shade

traversing the middle, edged internally by a wavy black line with lustrous outer

edge, the line forming two rather more prominent sinuses between veins 2 and 4 ;

fringe brown, with a thick darker line at base.

Ilindwings : with the brown margin narrower, the dark line less regularly

waved and between veins 2 and 4 ajiproachiug the margin, forming a bilobed

broad sinus ; no cell-spots.

Underside exactly the same. Face, palpi, and antennae dark brown ; thorax

and abdomen concolorous with wings ; anal segment of abdomen brown.

Expanse of wings : 38 mm.

One S from Akassa, River Niger.

20.J. Zamarada vulpina sp. nov.

Forewings : pale iridescent green ; the costa, base, inner margin, and broad

marginal area bright rufons ; the latter with a deeper rufous internal edge, forming

a rounded sinus between veins 2 and 4 ; a yellowish wavy submarginal line ; fringe

and small cell-spot rufous.

Ilindwings : the same.

Underside with the marginal area gilded yellow ; a red-brown irregular fascia

along its inner edge. Head, thorax, and abdomen all rufous.

Expanse of wings : 22 mm.

One c? from Warri, River Niger, P'ebruary 1896 (Dr. Roth).

( 124 )

Subfamily PROSOPOLOPHINAE.

Arcina fulgorigera Wlk. XXVI. p. 1T44.

This species and genus were overlooivcd by Mr. Meyrick iu bis paper on the

Selidosemidae, published in the Proceedings of the Linneun Society of S. S. ^y(des,

1891 (II. 6). The genus is allied to Chlenias — not Chesias, as Walker states — but

is scarcely identical. The antennae of the 6 are strongly pectinated : Walker says

"very slightly" pectinated : bnt his type is a ?, not, as he made it, a S. In the

forewings veins lo and II are free, 7, 8, 9 stalked, 6 being also shortly stalked with

them. The thorax is strongly crested, as iu Chlenias. The 6 now before me (labelled

N. S. "Wales) shows no silvery edging to the lines ; it should rather be described

as pale grey.

Euomoea gen. nov.

Forewings : elongate; the costa faintly sinuate, arched towards base, and slightly

incurved before apex ; apex rectangular ; hindmargin strongly curved and oblique

below, the anal angle obtuse.

ilindwings : with fully rounded hindmargin.

Antennae of c? bipectinated to apex ; palpi porrect, rather decumbent, reaching

a little before forehead ; tongue present.

Neuration : forewings, cell three-fifths of wing ; the median vein upcurved

towards extremity of cell ; discocellnlar vertical : first median at three-fourths,

second shortly before end, third from end of cell ; radials normal ; first and second

subcostals stalked ; third, fourth, and fifth stalked ; second anastomosing with and

becoming coincident with stalk of third and fourtli. Hindwings with costal

approximated to subcostal for half the cell ; subcostals from top end of cell.

Type : Euomoea unilineata sp. nov.

Eelated to Frosojwlopha Led.

29G. Euomoea imilineata sp. nov.

Foreicings : yellowish uchreous, witli numerous short brown striae and atoms ;

some patches of dark brown scales from base along the sul)median fold : a minute

brown dot in cell, and a black cell-spot at the end : a brown straight obliiiue line

from apex to beyond middle of inner margin, not marked below the submedian vein;

fringe rather darker than the ground-colour.

Hinrhcings : except hindmargin, paler, with a dark cell-spot.

Underside deeper yellow, witli only the cell-spots marked ; the dark oblique

lino showing tlirongh. Paljii and forelegs brown ; face, head, tliorax, and abdomen

coucolorons with wings.

Expanse of wings : 32 mm.

One S from Zomba, Fiiper Shire River, 3000 feet, December 1805 (Dr. P.

Rendall).

Microligia gen. nov.

Forewings: very long and narrow; the costa straight, slightly inbent beyond

middle ; apex produced, blunt ; hindmargin well curved.

Hindwings : ample, the hindmargin slightly indented opposite cell and pro-

tuberant in middle.

( 125 )

Abdomen in 6 long and slender, the anal tufts prominent : forehead rounded :

palpi porrect, squamous, rostriform : antennae of c? with short thick pectinations :

hind tibiae thickened, with four spurs.

yeiiration : forewings, cell quite two-thirds of wing ; the subcostal and median

veins bent inwards towards their extremity ; first median at three-fourths, second

before end, third from the end of cell: radials normal : last three subcostals stalked,

second anastomosing with the stalk of tlie next two to form the areole, first free.

Hindwings with costal approximated to, subcostal for half the lengtli of cell : first

subcostal and second median from before the end of cell.

T3'pe : Microligia dolo.su sp. nov.

207. Microligia dolosa sp. no v.

Forewings : silky whitish, with %'ery fine grey irroration ; a rather large dark

grey cell-spot, and a dark grey oblique apical streak just reaching the lower angle

of cell ; fringe whitisli.

llindtcimjs : silky whitish, without darker dusting.

Underside of forewings dull grey, of hindwings whitish. Head, thorax, and

abdomen all white.

Expanse of wings : 26 ram.

One tj from the Cape of Good Hope.

Family PVR.iLI]).lE.

Subfamily PYRALINAE.

298. Angenora subochi-acea sp. nov.

Forewings : ochreous, thickly sprinkled with rusty ochreous and more sparsely

with dark fuscous scales ; first line at one-third, blackish, curved : second at two-

thirds, parallel to hindmargin, approacliiug first line at inner margin, followed by a

pale ochreous line which is edged outwardly with a blackish shade ; cell-spot dis-

tinct, black ; costa dotted with black and jjale ochreous between the lines : fringe

grey, with thin black line at base.

Hindwings : rather paler, with two curved dark lines, and suffused with rusty

ochreous towards hindmargin ; fringe as in forewings.

Head, thorax, and abdomen concolorous with wings. Underside dull ochreous,

dusted with fuscous, especially along costa of forewings ; a tliick dark central line

to both wings.

Exjianse of wings : 20 mm.

One cf from Weenen, Xatal.

299. Hypsopygia sanguinalis sp. nov.

c?. Forewings : brilliant rosy: the two lines pale yellow, at one-third and two-

thirds, starting from triangular pale yellow costal spots ; the first vertical, the

second slightly bent, to inner margin close before anal angle : costa and hindmargin

deej)er red ; fringe yellow, with red basal line.

Hindwings : the same, with two fine curved and wavy jiale yellow lines : the

basal half of wings suffused with deep orange-red.

Head, thorax, and abdomen concolorous with wings. Underside duller rosy,

with the markings faint.

( 126 )

Expanse of wings : 18 mm.

One <S from Weeneu, Natal.

Differs from costalis Fabr. in being pure red without a trace of darker scales,

the red running through to hindmargiu without a j-ellow border, in the fringes

having a red basal line, and in the much smaller size of the triangular costal spots.

300. Peucela zonalis sp. nov.

Forewings : rufous grey, finely dusted with black atoms; costa somewhat

coarsely dotted with blackish ; first line at one-fourth, indistinct on costa, thick

towards inner margin, dark brown, slightly waved ; second line at three-fourths,

pale, edgeil with (hivk brown on either side, minutely wavy, and forming a short

angle inwards below the subcostal and above the inner margin, between which it

curves slightly outwards ; a row of dark marginal dots ; fringe rather paler, with

two darker lines ; cell-spot indistinct.

llindivings : redder, with two dark curved lines, ajiproximated on inner margin,

the outer somewhat dentate and edged outwardly with paler, the inner edged

inwardly with paler ; fringe and margin the same as in forewings.

Head, thorax, and abdomen reddish grey; the segments of the latter with

darker edges, and with a black ring near base and in the <? also before apex, which

is paler. Underside dull reddish, mottled with fuscous ; both wings with dark

outer line.

Expanse of wings : 3, 22 mm.; S , 2u mm.

Both sexes from Weenen, Natal.

One ? is much paler than the 6, having very few dark scales on an ochreous

rufous ground-colour. On the other hand, a second ? has the wliole marginal area

and the lower half of the central area of the forewings strongly brown-black, leaving

the basal area and costal portion of central area dirty ochreous, while the anal

region of the hindwings is also broadly blackish. This form may be called ab.

obscurata. The black belt at base of abdomen will, however, always serve to

distinguish the species.

301. Pyralis dissimulans sji. nov.

Forewings : greyish fnscous ; the basal and marginal areas dull chocolate-brown ;

costa dotted with white from base to outer line ; the edge of the dark basal patch at

one-third, obliiiue, parallel to hindmargiu, followed by a white line and a diflfnse

whitish patch, neither reaching the costa ; a darker cloud beyond the cell ; outer line

at five-sixths, white, curved oittwards in middle, and ending at the anal angle ;

fringe grey, mth a broad dark grey basal line, the tips whitish below the apex.

Ilixf/ichu/.f : grey; the central area whitish grey, edged by jialcr lines with dark

margins ; fringe as in forewings.

Head, thorax, and abdomen fuscous grey. Underside mucli ]ialer, dusted with

fuscous, and with the markings all more or less represented ; the hindwings with the

two curved lines well marked, broad and diffuse.

Expanse of wings : 20 mm.

One <S from Weeneu, Natal.

This species reminds one of small examjiles oi farinalin Linn, and domcsticalis

Zell.; the straight edge of the basal patch will at once distinguish it. The patagia

are well developed, reaching well behind the thorax.

( 127 )

302. Scotomera tripartita sp. nov.

Forewinqs : pale reddisli brown over the basal, dark brown iu the central, and

pale reddish grey iu the marginal area ; first line before one-third, dark brown^

outwardly oblique and slightly wavy, reaching inner margin in the middle, edged

towards the base with pale ; second line at three-fourths, dark brown, edged out-

wardly with pale, oblique inwards parallel to hindmargin as far as the first median,

then vertical to inner margin before anal angle ; the central area thus twice as wide

on costa as on inner margin ; costa between the lines dark, dotted with whitish ; a

dark cell-spot ; the pale marginal area reddish along costa ; a marginal row of black

spots ; fringe reddish grey, with darker line near liase.

HindivinffS : dull whitish, with traces of a dark postmedian line from costa,

which vanishes iu middle of wing ; a dark marginal line before the fringe, which is

paler towards anal angle.

Head, thorax, and abdomen reddish grey. Underside pale straw-colour, with

the darker central portions showing through ; costa of both wings thickly dusted

with reddish fuscous scales ; marginal dots and fringe as above ; a cell-spot on

hindwings.

Expanse of wings : 20 mm.

One <S from Weenen, Natal.

The only example has no tongue visible, but in all other respects it agrees so

exactly with Scotomera that I have no doubt this is an accidental mutilation.

Sphalerosticha gen. nov.

Foreivings : with costa straight or incurved ; apex blunt ; hindmargin slightly

oblique and curved ; anal angle well marked.

Himhi'ings : triangular, the hindmargin nearly straight, the inner margin long.

Vertex and patagia densely and coarsely scaled ; ocelli absent ; tongue well

developed : labial palpi obliquely porrect, squamous, the third joint distinct ;

maxillary palpi invisible: antennae (t?) quite shortly ciliated, the shaft thickened

towards base, the basal joint inflated.

Neuration : forewings with cell half as long as wing, the discocellular nearly

vertical ; first median intva a little before lower angle, second and third from the

angle ; lower radial just above it ; upper radial well below upper angle of cell ; last

subcostal from the upper angle, /)re, and slightly curved downwards, as is likewise

the upper radial ; third and fourth subcostals stalked from the angle ; second from

close before the angle, first some distance before it. Hindwings with the discocellu-

lar very oblique below; the costal free ; the two subcostals from upper angle of cell :

first median at three-fourths, second shortly before the angle, third and radial from

the angle.

Type : Sphalerosticha ohlanuta sp. nov.

The neuration in the forewings is abnormal, the fifth subcostal being free, as in

the Pi/ruusfinae ; but instead of curving upwards close to the fourth, it is bent

downwards away from it.

303, Sphalerosticha oblunata sp. nov.

Forewini/s : greyish white, evenly jjowdered with dark scales; costa exceedingly

minutely dotted with black ; first line indistinct, blackish, before one-third, vertical

( 128 )

and slightly wavy ; second line at five-sixths, blackish, evenly concave outwards,

followed by a pale whitish line which expands along costa to apex ; marginal space

filled in witii chocolate-brown and with a row of small black marginal dots ; fringe

reddish, with a fine pale basal line ; cell-spot blackish.

f//n(/iri»ffs : whitish, rather glossy, with a dark cell-spot, and faint sinuous line

from beyond middle of costa to inner margin above anal angle ; a marginal row of

black spots ; fringe whitish, tinged with reddish towards apex.

Head, thorax, and abdomen eoneolorons with forewings. Underside whitish;

forewings with some dark scales in the cell, and with the veins pale over the

chocolate marginal space : liindwings with dark cell-spot, a small spot beyond it,

another on c()sta at beginning of the sinuous line, and a short mark below the first

median within the sinnous line.

Expanse of wings : 24 mm.

One S from Weenen, Natal.

Sphinctocera gen. nov.

Forewings : with costa straight ; apex rectangular : hindniargin vertical above,

oblique below the middle.

Hlndicings : broad, with hindmargin well curved and both angles rounded.

Ocelli present : tongue fairly developed : labial jialpi long, rostriform, decum-

bent, thickly scaled, the third joint not distinguishable from the second : maxillary

palpi minute, filiform ; forehead with diffuse tnft of hairs ; antennae in 6 thick,

lamellate, somewhat flattened ; the basal joint long and thick, the shaft articulated

to it, and bearing a small tooth on the upj)erside at a distance equal to the length

of the basal joint.

Neuration : forewings, cell half as long as wing ; the discocellular angulated ;

first median at three-fourths, second at five-sixths ; third and lower radial close

together from lower angle of cell ; upper radial and last subcostal from upper angle :

third and fourth subcostals shortly stalked out of the fifth : first and second free.

Hindwiugs with the two subcostals shortly stalked, the first anastomosing shortly

with the costal.

Type : Sphinctocera crassisf/utana sp. nov.

304. Sphinctocera crassisquama sp. nov.

Forewings : glossy dark grey, the scales coarse and l)road, dark grey with pale

tips : first line at one-fourth, bent in middle, diffuse, dull red ; second line at three-

fourths, parallel to hindmargin, dull red, with a whitish dash on costa and a few

white scales above inner margin ; cell-spot dull whitish ; the whole central area is

slightly sprinkled with reddish scales ; marginal area and fringes wholly dark grey.

llimhring.'i : dull oclireons whitisli, with dark grey fringe and a dark discal spot;

towards the hindmargin tlie wing is dusted with greyish, and there is a faint trace of

a paler curved submarginal line.

Head, thorax, and patagia dark grey, with a sprinkling of red scales; abdomen

greased, jirobably }>ale like the hindwiugs. Underside dingy fuscous grey, the hind-

wings more ochreous : outer line of forewings pale, of liindwings reddish edged with

pale.

Expanse of wings : 20 mm.

One <f from Weenen, Natal.

( 129 )

Subfamily ENDOTRICHINAE.

3(i,T. Callinaias flavimargo sji. no v.

Fairwinys : snow-white ; a black dot at middle of base, aud anotlier at base of

costa ; a donble curved orange line at one-third, with a black costal dot on the outer

arm and a black dot below the median on each ; second line also donble, orange and

oblique outwards to beyond cell, curved inwards below, aud rusty brown-black,

slightly wavy, crossed by a horizontal orange dash from discocellular to hindmargin ;

marginal space below it darkened with fuscous scales; extreme hindmargin narrowly

orange, slightly broader at the apex, where it is edged inwardly by a thin curved

black line ; fringe with basal half yellowish, apical half white.

Ilituhcinys : with the first double line blackish, not orange, nor reaching the

costa; the second from anal angle, with the outer area diffuse, the inner formed by a

short black streak and a succession of wavy dots ; marginal space and fringe as in

forewiugs, but with no black apical line.

Head, thorax, and abdomen white, the last with a black dot on back of second

segment ; labial palpi with a black spot externally at apex of third joint ; maxillary

with one at apex of second. Underside whitish, with traces of a curved subterminal

line on both wings outside the line of the uj)perside; a dark dot on costa between the

two on the ujiperside, and a dark spot on hindwing to represent the inner line.

Expanse of wings : 19 mm.

One ? from Weenen, Natal.

30(i. Endotriclia brunnea sp. nov.

Foir/c/'/ifffi : pale grey, dusted and suffused with rusty brown ; costa nniformlv

dotted with black and j)ale oclireous, the pale interspaces geminated ; first line at

one-third, oblique, parallel to hindmargin, black, followed by a silvery white line ;

these lines are slightly crooked at the median vein and do not quite reach the costa ;

second line close to hindmargin, bent outwards in middle and faintly edged with

blackish ; central area with a blackish shade, which forms a more conspicuous spot

below the median vein ; the veins towards hindmargin pale ; a series of black

marginal spots ; fringe grey, with thick dark line towards base.

IliiidirhKjs : paler, less brown, with two thick dark lines, close together on

inner margin and wide apart at costa ; each line witli a paler centre ; marginal

spots and fringe as in forewings.

Head, thorax, and abdomen concolorous ; the latter with a black ring

corresponding to tlio inner line of hindwings. Underside pinkish grey, dusted

with darker; the costa blackish, with the pule spots larger; hindwings with two

coarse black lines.

Expanse of wings : 17 mm.

One cf from Weenen.

The patagia only of average length. Possibly a form of J'J. ronsohrina Zell.

SuBF.vMiLv rV IJATSTIXA Iv

307. Lygropis impunctata sji. nov.

ForfiriiKjK : deep yellow, glossy, without markings of any kind.

Iliiidirhi'i-t : tiie same.

( 130)

Head, tbonix, abdomen, and underside all yullow.

Exjjanse of wings : 20 mm.

A few from Wecnen.

Nearest to nigricornis Hmpsn. from Abyssinia, but that species has the

antennae black.

SiBFAMav SOHOENOBIINAE.

308. Cirrhochrista argentiplaga sp. nov.

Forewings : pale yellow, with orange-red sntt'usion along costa at base and

before apex, and less strongly in the marginal area; a large irregnlar-shajjed oblong

silvery blotch in the disc, bordered by the orange-red lines ; the first from costa

beyond one-third, straight and inwardly obli(ine to below the snbmediau vein, then

bent at a right angle to inner margin before middle ; second from two-tliirds,

oblique outwards to beyond cell, then parallel to hiudmargin, forming a sinuous

curve as far as the submedian fold, thence straight to inner margin near first line ;

tlie costal portion of this blotch is snffnsed with yellow ground-colonr, and on the

•discocellular is a yellowish blotch mixed with orange-red scales; fringe yellow, vnth

a broad bright orange-red line at base, and a duller red line in the centre.

Ilindicini/s : yellow, suflused with dull smoky fuscous as far as a curved dull

brown submarginal line, beyond it unsnfiFused ; fringe pale yellow, with a red basal

spot just opposite the cell.

Face, palpi, and antennae orange-red ; thorax and abdomen yellow, washed

with orange, especially the shoulders and front of thorax. Underside glossy

straw-colour ; the disc of both wings suffused with reddish fuscous.

Expanse of wings : 34 mm.

One S from Weeneu, Natal.

( 131 )

NOTES ON PALAEAECTIC BIRDS AND ALLIED FORMS.

By ERNST HAIITERT.

THESE notes, which I hope to be able to continue at some futnre time, are only

in a few cases intended to settle questions finally — as far as this is possible at

all. They contain suggestions for future work. They will, I hope, show that a

great deal remains yet to be done in Palaearctic, and even European, ornithology.

Some of these notes are chiefly intended for British ornithologists, because it seems

that many of our friends on this side of the Chaunel have not lately paid the same

attention to the interesting geograj)hical subspecies of our birds wliich a number of

Continental ornithologists have recently bestowed on them. Very few species of

European birds are so thoroughly studied in ccenj direction that nothing remains to

be found out, to be- corrected, to be modified, or to be completed, may it be in their

distribution, their local subspecies, their nidification, their habits, their food, their

nomenclature and classification, or their anatomy and structure. This may be keenly

admitted, notwithstanding all the admirable works written on European ornith-

ology, from Naumann and Macgillivray, from the commencement of Dresser's great

work and others, up to our days, when we find " observers " and egg-collectors

everywhere, but very few collectors of skins ! Or can any one deny the truth of my

statement, if he bears in mind that British ornithologists have not hitherto under-

stood the different forms of the nut-crackers and tree-creepers, if in a recent meeting

of the B. 0. C. there were different opinions about the tree-creepers having a song

or not, if widely diti'erent opinions are dilated on about the question whether

a bird can or cannot alter its colour without a moult ? On the other hand, I must

also admit that often (piestions about the habits and notes of birds would not be

discussed if the opponents had read what Naumann wrote on the question. jMany

"peculiarities'" of habits, migration, different colorations and pro]iortions would

be explained if the local forms of birds were more accurately studied ; but this mnst

chiefly be done in their breeding-places, not on migration, when the birds are far

away from their often unknown homes. If we know the differences between all the

local forms, then we shall often be able to say whence a bird shot on migration

came, but otherwise not. What is chiefly wanting, even in the largest collections,

is a good material of skins from ull the dift'erent countries. Without good series

from all the diffei-iint localities, the (questions of the various subspecies cannot be

settled.

The Genus NUOIFRAGA.

Although some of the old authors had already recognised differences in the bills

of the European nut-crackers, ('. L. Brehm was the first to clearly distiuauish

between the stout-billed and the slender-billed form, and to give names to them.

He named them Sucifnuja brachi/fhi/nrhos and Naci/raya macrorliynchos, in 1»^3.

Very little attention has generally been paid to these forms for a long time after,

and one of the reasons for this is, I believe, the bewildering number of names

afterwards bestowed on nut-crackers by C. L. Brehm, who, in addition to his

X. brachorliijnchos and N. inacrorhi/nrhos, subsequently nami'd a S. platyrliynchos.,

( 132 )

hamata, minor, arquata, and alpestris. Of these arquata and alpestris are " nomina

nnda"' without any nse, hamntn and minor seem to refer to somewhat aberrant

specimens of the slender-billed form, jilat>jrli>jnil>0!< is evidently a thick-billed bird.

Most of these are named from single birds, evidently shot on mignitiou or when

astray, so that even their home is quite uncertain. With regard to the proper home

of X. bracki/rhi/nchos and X. macrorhynchos, C. L. Brehm was also quite uncertain,

but his descriptions are so clear that we cannot be in doubt about the meaning of

his names. In spite of Brehm's puzzhug niultiplication of forms iu later years, there

were always clear-headed ornithologists who had material enough to recognise the

differences between the two forms first separated in 1823. In 1845 Monsieur de

Selys LoDgchamps separated two forms, but he evidently did not have the two

before him, his alleged differences being individual aberrations.

In the same year (ls45) Mr. R. Fisher figured and described botli forms very

well in the Zoologist, but it mnst be admitted that nothing like a series from

breeding-places was known at the time.

The year to bring them to the front once more, and eHectually, was iss;. In

that year Professor Rudolf Blasius wrote an excellent monograph on the European

forms of Xucifraga in the Orn/s. The great immigration into Euroi)e of the

slender-billed form in 1885 evidently gave rise to this valuable work. In the same

year appeared my article on the " Birds of East Prussia " {MitfJieilungcyi (les

Ornitliologifichi'ii Yereins in Wien), in which I very distinctly distinguished between

" X. canjocata.ctt's brachjrlii/ncha," the resident form breeding in East Prussia, and

" X. c. raacrorht/ncha,'^ the Siberian form, occurring in East Prussia and other parts

of Germany as a migrant from autumn to spring. In my article on X. c. bracliy-

rhi/nrka, however, is a mistake, the home of X. rdryocotactes macrorhijncha being

said to be the Alps. The somewhat contradictory remark under "j;V. c. hrachy-

rhyncha,'^ however, points to its being a lapsus calami. IMy differentiation between

the two forms is also repeated in Ibis, 1802, pp. 309, 370. I collected a large series

in East Prussia in the breeding-places, where I also found nests and eggs, and all

the sjjecimens from No. 50 to No. 00 mentioned on pp. 480-483 in drnix, Vol. 11.,

were shot and skinned by me, though no mention of it is made.

Both Professor Blasius' work and my remarks on the nut-crackers were imfortu-

nately burdened with most unnecessary synonyms. We both considered Brehm's

names brachyrhynchos and macror/n/nchos (meaning short-billed and long-billed) not

very approjiriate. because it is the stoutness and slenderness rather than their short-

ness and length that distinguishes them, and Professor Blasius substituted and used for

them the more fitting terms jmchyrhynchiis and leptorhynchus, meaning stout-billed

and thin-billed. I suggested mildly that the names crassirostrix and fenuiiostris

were more appropriate ; but I did not (even worse I) use them in the headings of

my articles, nor at any time afterwards. It is needless to say that neither of our

names can be used.

Since 1887 it may be said that German ornithologists generally liave recog-

nised the two forms, and in English works on ornitliology I find two notes — that is,

one of Seebohm in fbis, 1888, pj). 230-241, and one in his Birds of 4116 Japanese

Empire, p. 99. Scebohm there declares that there is, in his opinion, not a western

and an eastern form, but an arctic and a temperate form, and he unites the Japanese

form with the European one (the brachyrhynchos of Brehm), while Blasius said it

was the same as the Silierian one, i.e. I?rehm's macrorhynchos. Certainly the

latter statement is wrong, but it cannot either be united with the Enropean form,

( 133 )

as will be shown liereafter, uot can one form be said to be more arctic than the

other. Ill Ibbs a very elaborate article on the N'infrfigafi of Tschnsi-Rchmidhoffen

appeared iu the Verh. zool. hot. Ges. Wien.

It is somewhat surprising that, in spite of all these more or less accurate

statements, British ornithologists have not yet all accepted the two forms. But in

1894 Professor Newton {Dictionary of Birds, p. 047) repeated his former statement

that, " as in the case of the Hnia {Heterolocha acutirosfris), the considerable differ-

ences in the form and size of the bill of examj)les of this species are now supposed

(sic) to depend on the sex — that of the cock being stout and short, while in the

hen it is long and thin." This statement is absolutely wrong. I have now before

me a fine series collected by me in East Prussia for the Homeyer collection, now

in Braunschweig, and kindly lent me by Professor Wilhelm Blasins, and a number

of Siberian nut-crackers, and in neither of the two forms is there any remarkable

diiference in the size of the beak in the sexes. Perhaps Professor Newton had

before him the two species, i.e. & male of the European one and & female of the

Siberian one, or the dili'erences which be noticed were such slight individual

ditferences as are always found in birds.*

Again in the same year (1804) Dr. Sliarpe, in A Handbook to the Birds of

Great Britain, Vol. I. p. IT, says: "Two forms of nut-cracker in Europe are

recognised by many naturalists, X. carjocatactes, and a short-billed form, S.

brachyrhynchus, the sujiposed differences between which we have never been able

to appreciate." Be this as it may, the nomenclature might have been right

(X caryocatacies and X. brackyrhynchus being the same thing), but in fact they

differ at a glance by the form and size of the bill, the extent of white on the tips

of the rectrices, and general size. The reason why ornithologists have found it so

difficult to recognise the two is, I believe, that the one often invades the countries

inhabited Ijy the other. Therefore in museums we find, or should find, both forms

from Germany, parts of Russia, Austria, France, etc. When, however, clear-headed

field-ornithologists collect and observe them, it will be found that the stout-billed

form alo?ie breeds in Scandinavia, Lappland, Bornholm, the Russian Baltic jiro-

vinces, and East Prussia, as well as, in a very slightly differentiated form, the Alps,

the Carpathian and Sudetic Mountains, and perhaps the Pyrenees. This bird is

not a migrant. In East Prussia it never leaves its home, and is not even, as a rule,

found out of the very forests where it breeds. In the Alps it descends to lower

hills if too deep snow covers its haunts ; but also there it can on no account be

called a migrant. On the other hand, the slender-billed form is an inhabitant of

Siberia, where it breeds, and whence it wanders far and vfide. Single individuals

of the latter form are very often observed in Europe, and it is probable that many

wander so far every year, but in certain years, notably 1754, 1802, 1844, 1856,

1859, 1804, 18.^5, 18(tG, they appeared in extraordinary numbers.

The natural history of these two forms of Nucifraga clearly shows that many

problems regarding species and subspecies in ornithology cannot be solved by the

cabinet-ornithologist alone. It further shows the importance of exact labelling,

still (incredible, but true I) neglected by some collectors. In fact, labels like

" Germany, 1800," are entirely insufficient. We may, and sometimes must, be

content with tradeskins without exact locality, such as Japanese, Bogota, and New

Guinea skins ; but, though they may be very valuable at the time, they are only

* See also Stevenson, Birds of Xor/olk, p. 2S-I, and the eonimeut to it by A. G. liutler in British

Birds, their Xesti and Eggs, London, 1897, p. 143 and footnote !

( 134)

meagre substitutes for the properly labelled examples, which every musemn

official should try to acquire iu their ])laces iu time, la fact, it is most important

that collectors should add either on the labels or in a diary, besides the exact

localities, dates, sexes, and colours of bare parts, which are generally seen on

proper labels, whether the birds were breeding or appeared in flocks as migrants,

whether they frequented the pine- or fir-woods, the beech-woods or the parks and

gardens, etc., or that they should publish such observations as they liad the

fortunate opportunity to make.

I have hitherto only spoken of two forms, namely, the thick-billed form, the

lY. cari/ocatactes (L.), afterwards renamed N. hrachjrhjnrhoi by Brehm, and the

Blender-billed, 3'. macrorhijnchos of Brehm. This is not far wrong indeed, but in

1889 Dr. Eeichenow called attention to the fact that the majority of specimens

from Scandinavia, Lapplaud, and East Prussia were paler on the back and head

than those from the Central European Jlountains, and he therefore named the

latter .V. relictu. Dr. lleicheuow also said that the Alpine form had smaller white

spots on the back, biit I iind that this is not generally the case, but merely an

individual character. Also the paler coloration varies a good deal, but northern

specimens are always rather pale above, while those from Switzerland and from

the Carpathian Mountains are very seldom so pale. It is therefore advisable ta

keep the latter apart under Reicheuow"s name S. i-dicta, though the form is only

recognisable if a good series is compared, and not always constant, and though the

" nomen nudum " X. alpestris of C. L. Brehm might have been accepted for it, to

simplify the already encumbered synonymic list. The two other forms are mostly

very constant. 1 have not yet seen an intermediate one from Europe, as far as the

size of the beak goes ; but occasionally the white tips on the tail vary, and some

Asiatic examples vary also very much in the size of the beaks. The alleged

difference in the size of the white spots above and below, which I have not yet

mentioned, is very variable.

As I said before, the Japanese form of uut-cracker has been considered by

Seebohm to be the same as the Eurojiean thick-billed form. Stejneger, however

(Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1888, pp. 425-432), declares that the Japanese birds belong

to the slender-billed form. The author also differs from Seebohm in considering

that the slender- and stout-billed forms are eastern and western, and cannot be

called " arctic " and " temperate." Though in this latter statement Stejneger is

undoubtedly right, he is exactly as wrong as Seebohm, who unites the Japanese

form with the European form, if he unites it with the Siberian bird. It is true that

Stejneger's view is more sensible with regard to the distribution of these birds, and

that he already mentioned the possibility of somebody separating the Jajianese form

in fnture as a further subspecies. This latter course is undoubtedly the only right

one. The Japanese nut-crackers have the beaks midway between those of the two

other forms, thougli often more resembling those of tlie thick bills. In all other

characters, however, except the form of the bill, the Japanese form is closest to the

Siberian form : the white tips to the rectrices are large ; the upper tail-coverts,

which are mostly uniform in iV. earyocatactes caryocatactcs and nearly always finely

spotted with white in iV. c. macrorhynchos, are mostly finely spotted with white in

N. c. japonicus subsp. nov.,

as 1 name the Japanese form. The spots below are very large iu N. c. japonicus,

and mostly with a creamy tinge, the brown colour above very dark.

( 135 )

There is no doubt that these three forms must be kept separate, for to say that

they are alike is wrong. It is, however, possible, and even probable, that several

more local forms exist in C!entral Asia, where enormons mountain-ranges remain

nu('xi)lored, or in parts of Northern Asia. In the Seebohm collection, now in the

British Mnsenm, is a skin labelled as being found in the Tian Shau, which has a

long wing (186 mm.) and a stout and powerful bill, though only 38 mm. long from

the frontal feathering to the tip. It belongs very likely to a local thick-billed

mountain-form. Then there is a skin from the Kurile Islands which I take to

belong to N'. c. japoniais. Its wing is short, only 173 mm. One from Peking has

the wing 1 78 mm., the bill only 35 mm. long, and not thicker than in Siberian

examples. I have not been able to examine specimens from the Pyrenees, where it

is said to lireed !

I append a synopsis of the old-world species and subspecies of the genus

XuciJ'raga, as far as established at present. With regard to the nomenclature used

here, I refer my readers to my article in No. 523, 1897, of the Zoologische Anzeigi^r.

With regard to the gender of the name Nucifraga, Brisson, who founded the genus,

certainly used it as a feminine word, and this ino<lus has generally been followed,

though (J. L. Brehm used it as a masculine, and this seems to be right, as it is

clearly a masculine noun, such as agricola and many others. However, what are we

to do, to follow the (often erroneous) usage of the founder of a generic name, or use

it in its grammatically proper gender ? The first would be preferable, as in cases

of new and not classic words the gender may be uncertain. There now arises

another question : are we modern purists in jtriority of nomenclature (juite logical

and consequent in adopting all names in their original spelling and yet altering the

gender of the specific name to bring it in uniformity with the generic term ? A

diii'erence exists already between some authors and others : some alter also the

gender of nouns, such as jnscator, sil/ilat)ix, into piscatrix, sMlator; others alter only

the gender if the names are true adjectives, if necessary, so as to bring them into

conformity with the genus. I believe that all this is still a remainder of bvgone

times, when zoological nomenclature was entirely ruled by philological and etymo-

logical pretensions, and not by common sense and practical requirements alone, and

when a " classisch gebildetes " word was often thought to be of greater merit than

a new observation, and a " nicht classisch gebildetes " word a greater crime than an

erroneous statement. I believe that if we only try to use all specific names (as well as

generic ones) entirely unaltered, we shall find it less trouble and more convenient,

and in no way illogical or against our classical feelings, if we simply regard them

as names and not as adjectives — which is much preferable, as less than two-thirds

of our specific terms are adjectively formed — see for example all the dedication-

names and many others.

Nucifraga Brisson, 18G0.

1. Rump and upper tail-coverts centred with the same large white patches as

the back : N. multipunctuOi Gould. (Kashmir and Western Himalayas to

Kumaon.)

2. Kump and upper tail-coverts, as well as middle of throat, lower abdomen,

and sides of body, without white spots ; lateral rectrices white for their apical half :

N. hemispila Vig. (Himalayas, from the Sutlej Valley to Bhutan.)

3. Itump and upper tail-coverts with few and smaller white spots than the

( 136 )

back ; middle of throat, lower abdomen, and sides of body spotted like the breast :

S. cari/ocatdctex (L.).

a. Beak very stout ; white tips to rectrices small : njiper tail-coverts mostly

nnspotted ; colour of npper parts iretierally very i)ale : X canjocatuctes

cari/omtactes (L.)- (Scandinavia, Bornhoim, Lnpj)land, Russian Baltic

jirovinees, ami eastern jjarts of East Prnssia.)

b. Beak, tail, and upper tail-coverts as in a ; colour of upper parts generally

deeper brown: N. cari/ocatactes relicta (Uchw.). (Central Enro|)ean

Mountains— Alps from west to east, Carpathians, Sudetic :\louiitains,

Harz Mountains, ? Pyrenees.)

c. Beak slender and thin ; white tips to rectrices much larger ; upper tail-coverts

mostly with fine white spots: X canjocatactes mar.rorloinchos (C. L. Brm.).

(Siberia, migrating into Europe— and perhaps parts of China ?)

«■/. Beak not so stout as in a and b, l)ut stouter than in c ; upper tail-coverts

and tail as in c ; white spots below generally a little larger : ,V. canjo-

catactes japonicus Hartert. (Northern Japan, Kurile Islands.)

Besides tlie literature discussed at some length before, I wisli once more to call

special attention to Herr von Tschusi-Schmidhofifen's articles in Oniis, Vol. V.

pp. 130-148, Tab. II., and in Verh. zool.hot. Ges. Wien, 18S8, pp. 407-506, Tab. XI.

These (and Professor Blasius' article) have provided us with such e.xcellent notes

and such cart-ful measwements that I saw no need to repeat them here. Neither of

the two authors thought it advisable to separate the Alpine form from the North-

European one, and they are indeed hardly separable, though a good series sliows

in the mean the lighter colour of the former, and many of tlie Scandinavian birds

have also larger beaks, though not always.

The Gknus CERTHIA.

A much hunted ground, and yet not fully exhausted ! Since 0. L. Brehm

separated the German creepers into two species, one being C.faniiliaiis. the other

C. brack;/clact)/la (which he always considered as a species and not as a subspecies),

there has been, among Continental ornithologists, much controversy about tliese

forms. The great Naumann strongly opposed Brehiu"s oijiuion about the creepers,

and up to recent times the Continental ornithologists who recognised the two forms

were very much in the minority, but quite recently I myself (since 1887 in print),

Rudolf Blasius, Fliiricke, Kleinschmidt, Deichler, Prazak, and otliers have recog-

nised C. hra/:l>f/(/arti/!a, and thus in Germany the truth is rapidly gaining ground.

The truth is that tlie two are quite distinct, though the name '' bmch</dacti/la" is

misleading, the coloration being, in my opinion, the principal) character, and not the

hind-toe but the liind-claw differing in length. C./amiliaris, probably the same as

the Scandinavian bird, is almost universally found in North-East Germany. In East

Prussia I have frequently found the latter. In Hinterpommern E. von Homeyer

never found C. brach/dactyla, though he knew it from Vorpommern, where both

occur (Homeyer in (itt.). However C. bmchydactfjla ku» been foimd in Ea_st Prussia,

but it is there very rare indeed, and specimens are. I think, not quite so typical as

western ones, nor are western C. J'amiliaris quite so jironounced as eastern ones.

Near Wesel, on tlie Lower Rhine, I have shot many specimens, and they were all C.

hrachjdactyla, as well as all the specimens I ever saw from Holland, including several

skins kindly sent to the Tring Museum by Mr. Blaauw of 's Graveland. In most

( 137 )

parts of Germany, however, both Ibrms occur near each other, as, for example, in

Saxony and Hessen. In these countries the ('. fa mil iuris is chiefly found in the

pine- and fir-woods, and in higher elevations, while C. brachi/dartijla is mosth' met

with in the valleys, on the oaks, willows, etc., and in the gardens. Kleinschmidt,

FlOricke, and Deichler are convinced that C.familiaris is the bird of the pine- and

fir-woods, while C. brachi/dactyla is the form of the leafy woods, parks, and gardens.

On the whole they seem to be quite right in their conclusions, but this difference

in the haunts of the two forms must not be considered to be an unchangeable law.

C. hrachjdactyla was met with near Wesel in woods of pine and fir as well as in

gardens; C.J'amiUarinvi often found among the beeches, and in East Prussia I have

also shot it in mixed woods and gardens. On the whole (\ hrachydactyla is a

more western bird, and it seems not to occur in high altitudes. Intermediate forms

are evidently rare, but they occur. C. L. Brehm, E. F. von Homeyer, Kleinschmidt,

and others have declared that the two forms can easily be distinguished by their

call-notes. 1 have not had the opportunity to hear them, as they have had, close

together, therefore I dare not speak on this point with confidence, nor is my ear

musical enough to remember the exact height or depth of such a fine note many

days afterwards, so as to exactly compare it with that heard on the later occasion,

but I have a notion that the British creeper's note difiers a little from that of any

I have ever heard on the Continent. I recommend this for observation to those

who have very fine musical ears. It would also seem, from the doubts that have

been cast on the British creepers being able to sing, that they do not so often utter

their feeble little though jiretty song as their Continental cousins do. In any case

the creepers sing everywhere in the spring, beginning in January or February,

as all field-ornithologists must know.

Unfortunately 1 have not enough material of South-Euroirean Ccrtkiae to say

whether only one or two forms occur there. However I have not seen typical

C. hraclnjdactijla from South Europe. All the (\ Jamiliaiis I have seen from South

Europe seem to have a little darker brown ground-colour above, but otherwise

are not different from typical ( '. Jamiliaiis. They' seem to agree with birds from

Switzerland and from the mountain-ranges in Southern Germany. If it were possible

to separate them, they would have to be called G.fnmiliuris costac (Bailly) (1847).

Brehm's name, C. macrodacfi/la {Handh. Viig. DeufsM. p. 208, 1831), is, like so

many of Brehm's names, somewhat uncertain, and cannot reasonably be used for it,

though Stejneger (JJ. S. Nat. Mus. 1887, p. 607) claims priority for it. C. nattereri

Bonaparte (1838) is a nomen nudum, and when used again in 18.50 it was preceded

by C. rostae of Bailly.

Crossing the Channel we find in Great Britain a form which is very closely

allied to C. hrachydactyla, but differs in being above darker, with the rump much

more tawny rufous, and in having on an average distinctly shorter bills. They are,

sometimes, not easy to distinguish from Dutch specimens, but if a series is compared

the difierences are evident.

Proceeding from the west to the east, we find in Siberia a form which is very near

to Swedish C. familiaris, but which has more white above. It is known under the

name of C. scandulaca of Pallas, and ])robably extends as far west as East Prussia.

Proceeding farther eastwards still, to Japan, we find again two forms : in the

northern island Yezzo one said to be the same as ('. fumiUaris scandidaca, and in

the southern parts one in which the light markings above are smaller and tinged

with tawnv, and in which tlie under tail-coverts and lower abdomen are tinged with

( 138 )

tawu}- bnflf. These iiave been nnited with the typical C. familiaris of Europe by

Seebohm and by Stejiipger, in the latter author's explicit and valuable article in

U. S. S'af. Mus. 1887, pp. G06-610. Although I have not seen very many

examples (the Tring Museum possesses only two at present) I cannot unite the

Hondo form with the North-European form. The ground-colonr of the back is

deeper brown, the rump of a deeper tawny ; the under tail-coverts seem to be more

strongly suffused with tawny, and the beak and wing on the whole decidedly shorter.

This form (type from Northern Hondo, in Mr. Rothschild's Museum) 1 must

separate as

C. familiaris japonica subsp. nov.

Neither this, nor C. M-an(/ul'(C(i, hr(uli'iilart-ila^ hrittanica (spelt thus by the author),

are species, for all their characters are variable, and intermediate forms between

most of them seem to occur. The same may be said of the various North-American

forms. It is only in the Himalayas, and in Turkestan and Kashmir, that we meet

with a number of well-defined species. There are now six recognised species in

these mountains and one subspecies.

The following is a very condensed review of the different forms, as far as they

are now, in my opinion, sufficiently established. It contains seven species, and one

of them is divided into ten, another into two subspecies.

Certhia L.. IT 58.

( Tail distinctly barred throughout : 'Z.

' \ Tail not barred, or with obsolete bars : 3.

f Above more brown ; beak shorter : 1. C. liimalaijanaYig.

(. Above more grey ; beak longer: 1a. C. himal. tacnittra (Scv.).

Flanks and lower abdomen ferruginous; centre of breast and abdomen fnlvous;

chin and throat white : 2. C. stoliczkae Brooks.

Whole lower surface earthy brown; axillaries and under wing-coverts white;

under tale-coverts pale ferruginous : 3. C. discolor BIyth.

C'hin, throat, and breast buff; remainder of under surface earthy brown :

4. C. maniptircnsis Hume.*

Lower surface whitish or pure white : 4.

r Fourth primary with a very pale fulvous mark in the middle of the outer

4. I web : 5. C. familiaris with its subspecies.

C Fourth primary with no fulvous mark in the middle of the outer web : 5.

r Lower abdomen suffused with pale fulvous brown ; above much darker; tail

. I always without an indication of bars : 6. C. nipalens/s.

I Lower abdomen paler; above much lighter; tail mostly with obsolete bars

near the tip : 7. C. hodysoni.

Of C. familiaris the following forms are at present, I believe, tenable ; but

more will be discovered, as large countries are unrepresented in creepers even in

the British Museum and other large collections.

1. ('. familiaris familiaris L. North, ? Central, and ? Southern Europe.

Distribution not yet definitely understood.

2. ('. familiaris scandidaca (I'all.). .Siberia to East Europe. More white

above than 1.

3.

( 139 )

? :]. C.familiaris costae (Bailly). Central and South Europe. Doubtful form,

but probably nearest to C.familiaris familiaris and a little darker above.

4. C. familiaris brachydacti/lu (Brebm). Central Europe, chiefly the western

parts. Differs from C. familiaris familiaris in having the rump much darker

tawny rufous, the light parts of the feathers of the upper surface less iu extent and

not so whitish, the bill generally longer, the hind-claw in the mean shorter. Breast

and abdomen never of such a clear satiny white as in C.fatmliaris familiaris, hnt this

character is often overrated, as the under parts of western birds are nearly always

soiled, the trees in these thickly populated countries being sooty. Flanks rusty.

5. C. familiaris brittanica (Uidgw.). British Islands : England, Scotland,

Ireland, Isle of Man. This is evidently the only form of creeper found in the

United Kingdom. Mr. Rothschild and his brother, Mr. Charles Rothschild, have

brought together an already nice series from England, Scotland, Ireland, Isle of

Man ; but more are still desirable, especially from North Scotland and other less

pojjulated districts, where they are clean, those from the thickly inhabited countries

being almost black below, from their constant creeping on the always dirty stems of

the trees. The British creeper diiiers from ('. familiaris //rac//t/(/acfi/la of West

Europe iu the orange-tawny colour of the rump being more extended and slightly

more orange, the whole aspect of the upper surface being more rufous, the beak

averaging decidedly shorter, the hind-claw longer.

0. C. familiaris japonica Hartert. Island of Hondo or Nippon. Beak as

short as or shorter than that of (.'. familiaris brittanica, wing averaging shorter ;

breast purer satiny white, the light markings of the upper surface more white.

Much deeper brown, and with less whitish markings than C. familiaris familiaris,

and generally smaller.

7. C. familiaris americana (Bp.). Eastern North America. Very much like

C. familiaris brittanica, but the light markings on the upper surface more white.

Very much like G. familiaris familiaris and C. familiaris costae, but the rump

deeper tawny. The tail sometimes shows obsolete cross-markings.

8. C. familiaris occiilentalis Ridgw. Pacific coast regions from California to

Alaska. Darker and more rusty than C. familiaris americana, also smaller.

(Cf. Ridgw., Manual JS\ Amer. B. p. 558.)

9. C. familiaris montana Ridgw. Rocky Mountains. Much greyer, tlic

tawny of the rump more distinctly contrasted with the colour of the back.

lU. C.familiaris alticola. (Miller). Southern and Central Mexico and Guate-

mala. (Might stand as (.'. familiaris mexicana, as the C. mexicana of (imelin is

certainly not a Certhia !). Below not so white as all the other above-named American

forms ; very dark above ; rump deep ferrnginons, almost chestnut.

11. C.familiaris albescens (Berlp.). N. W. Mexico and Arizona. Tinge of

light markings above more whitish and a little more extended ; rump lighter tawny

ferruginous, more white below {Atdi, XIII. p. 310, 1896).

To illustrate m a sufficient manner all forms of Certhiae a material of over five

hundred skins might just be sufficient. The Tring Museum possesses now about

a hundred, and for this article I have examined about a hundred and sixty or more.

The form marked with an asterisk is the principal desideratum of the Tring

Museum ; all the others are, although some very poorly, represented in Mr.

Rothschild's collection.

C 140 )

The Gf.xcs AMMOMANES.

For many years it Las been customary among ornithologists to unite the little

Amt»omaiii\-< with black-tipped rectrices from the Cape Verde Islands, Alj^eria,

Egypt, and Arabia under one name, and this is also the verdict of Sharpe, Cut. B.

Brit. Mus. XIII. pp. 044, 045. Nevertheless it is hardly correct, for though

one ispearic name might embrace them all, those from different countries differ

conspicuously in colour. The birds from the Cape Verde Islands are as different

from those of Algeria and Tuuis as Shar))e's Animoimiies ulyeriemis {Cat. B. Brit.

^fll.t. XIII. p. 04.")) is from .1. (1,'xerti Licht. I have seen many specimens from

Algiers and Timis, collected by Koenig and Spatz, and .some procured from

-Schlnter. All these are most distinctly jjaler than the sjjecimens from the Cape

Verde Islands, which are very rufous and very dark. Were it not that most larks

are known to differ in colour in different localities, often in harmony with the

general appearance of the soil and surroundings, I would, especially in view of the

insular habitat of the Cape Verde form, gladly allow it specific rank ; but judging

from analogies of other Ahiudidae, this does not seem wise, and I am (|uite con-

tented to give it snbspecitic rank. The mischief done in uniting the palaearctic

forms of the Ammmnane.^ with a black-ti]i])ed tail (for a mischief it is undoubtedly,

as it serves to conceal from the view of the truth-seeking naturalist the most

interesting facts of local differentiations, by informing him that forms are

^' identical," while in fact they differ conspicuously) started long ago (Heuglin,

Dohrn, etc.), and it was sanctioned and spread by Dresser (1). Europe, IV.

p. 336), who, however, acknowledged the differences between the N. African and

Cape Verde birds, but denied their having " specific " value, as he never admitted

the imijortance of subspecific forms, and consecjuently never separated them, a

method in which he— unlike many others — always has shown reasonable consistency.

Sharpe, in 1890, who should have separated A. cinctura of the Cape Verde Islands

from the North African forms if he separated A. algeriensis from ^1. deserti, had

only one skin from Eg3-pt and one from Persia (!) to compare in the British

Museum, and therefore had not much material to form an opinion on. As it is, the

dark and red Cape Verde bird must bear the oldest name, A. cinctura (Gould), 1S41.

The next name available for any of the North African forms is A. anmieolor (Sundev.),

1850. I have not his article before me to consult, but have to trust the authorities

whose books are before me, and who assert that SundevalTs name a]iplies to a form

with a blatk-tipxied taO. The question now is, whether the Nubian birds are exactly

like the Algerian ones. I have only been able to compare two, and they are

certainly strikingly more greyish brown than the Nortii-West African birds. I have

no doubt that this is a constant character of the North-East African birds, and that

they must be separated subsjiecifically. If my surmise is right, the North-East

African bird must bear the name aren/color, and that of Algeria and Tunis the name

reffulus.

A similar difference as between the North-West African and the North-East

African form of ,1. nnctura, only more obvious, is found in A. de.'terti, and .therefore

Sharpe, who, it seems, first noticed their differences, named the former A. algmen-iis.

There are, however, slight variations of shade of colour found in the same districts,

and therefore I do not believe that these forms are more than subspecies, nor do I

think that .1. phoeiiinjroidcs is more than a subsj)eeies. If all the countries between

Tunis and Nubia on one side, and between Abyssinia, Egypt, and tlie Persian Gulf

( 141 )

ou the other side, are thoroughly explored, we sh.ill uo donbt find iatermediate

forms between all these forms. A series of Persian examples would be desirable to

compare them, as they may slightly differ again.

Accepting my views as correct, we shall liave to complete and to alter the key

of the genus Ammomanes, as limited by Sharpe iu the Cat. 13. XIII., as follows : —

Ammomanes Cab., 1851.

( Tail rufous or isabelline, witli broad black band at the tip : 2.

J Tail brown or deep blackish brown, except the central pair of rectrices and the

I outer webs or edges, which are pale or whitish, as is often the base : 4.

Primaries deep brown, with chestnut-rufous inner lining : 1. ^1. phocnicurf

(Frankl.). (India from (!utch to the Ganges and to Ooimbatore.)

Primaries greyish, slightly tipped with white, margined with sand-colour ou

the outer webs, the inner lining greyish : 2. A. graiji (Wahlb.).* (S. W.

Africa.)

Primaries isabelline, with blackish tips : o.

Much more rufous : 3. A. cini'fura cinctura Gould.* (Cape Verde Islands.)

Paler and more sandy isabelline : 4. A. cinctura regulus (Bp.). (Algeria and

Tunis.)

Like ^1. c. regulu.i, but tail and wing darker, above slightly more sandy

brownish and rufous, perhaps the sjiots on the chest less distinct :

5. A. cinctura arenicolor (Sundev.). (Synonyms : A. pallida Cab., 1851 ;

elegans Brehm, 18.55.) (S. Egypt, Nubia, Arabia, and ? Persia.)

^ j Under wing-coverts and inner lining of wing isabelline : 5.

I Under wing-coverts and inner lining of wing ashy or leaden grey : 6.

Above sandy vinous, most of the outer webs of primaries rufous isabelline :

6. A. desert i algeriensis (Sharpe).

Aliove of a more ashy sand-colour; only the ujjper tail-coverts vinous; outer

webs of primaries as in .1. (/. algeriensis : 7. A. deserti deserti Licht.

(Synonyms : A. isahellina, /rate rex I us.) (Egypt, Nubia, Abyssinia,

5. { Palestine ; those from the last-named two localities perhaps subspecifically

separable. )

Above almost mouse-brown ; outer webs of primaries with very little rufous

isabelline; bill shorter and stouter: 8. A. deserti phoenicuroides (Blyth).

(Synonj'm : ^1. lusitana parvirostris Hartert.) (Punjab, Sindh to the

Persian Gulf.)

(■).

r Larger, chestnut above : 0. A. ferruginea (Sm.). (Plains south of the Orange

I River.)

j Smaller, light rufous above

I Damaraluiid.)

1(1. A. er>/throcIilanii/s (^incW.). (Transvaal to

The forms niarkeJ witli an asterisk are special desiderata of the Tring

JIusenm.

( 142 )

The Genus GALEMDA* Boie.

Tlie crested larks, it will be aclmitted by all ornithologists, are very difficult

to distingnisli, as many of the various forms rnn into each otlier in a puzzling

manner. This, however, is certainly no reason to treat them with contemjit and

neglect, but on the contrary makes them liighly interesting, as being an instructive

example to what an extent local modification is sometimes effected by natural

causes.

The splendid opportunity which Sharpc had in 1^0(), when writing the thirteenth

volume of the Catalogs of lUrdx, was not much used for defining the various

subspecies of Galcrida, as the fretpient occurrence of intermediately coloured

individuals influenced Dr. Sharpe so much that he did not allow even subspecific

rank to most of the forms. It is true that he enumerated the specimens iu the

3Iuseum in four gronps or " races," but most of them are mixtures of different forms.

The occurrence of intermediate specimens has often been the reason for Dr. Sharpe

to disregard the most marked snbsiiecies. There is therefore, iu fact, not much

<lifference between this author's species and his subspecies, and it is more out

of a kind of " feeling," effected by his unparalleled experience in ornithology, that

this eminent naturalist has sometimes made use of the method of creating or

allowinsr " subspecies." In the genus (ialerida, on the other hand, he gave full

specific rank, besides G. cristuta, to three forms, i.e. G. tlieldae, G. molabarica,

and G. isabelliiia, which are not more different from several of the forms of

G. cristatd than are, for example, tlie dark form of the Nile Delta and the i)ale,

desert-like-coloureil, long-ldlled iiKirrorkijnrha of Tunis and Algeria, or several

others — only Sharpe did not come across intermediate forms, and therefore gave

them full specific rank. There is, however, not a single character found in those

three supposed good species which is not found or indicated in one or the other

form of G. i-rixtntn, and intermediate forms may be discovered any day ; therefore

it is evidently not wrong to enumerate them also as subspecies of G. cridatn.

Another species, G. cleca, has by many authors been separated generically,

nnder the name of Spizalaiida (hva, but it has no characters that can be regarded

as more than specific, if we study other gronps of larks. Gates {B. of Jndi'i, II.)

has therefore done well in reuniting it with Galeridn ; but it is apparently a very

well marked species, standing more alone than any of the other forms.

A number of articles on members of the genus Galerida have already been written

since the appearance of Vol. XIII. of the Cutalogue of Hi/d.s. This is, in my opinion,

a good sign for the activity of ornithologists. Soon after the appearance of Sharpe's

work (in fact most of it was written, but not printed, Itefore his volnme appeared)

I enumerated tlie specimens in the Senckenbergian Museum at Frankfort, calling

one form G. ciistnta, another G. criatata macrork>/ncha, and describing a third as

a new species, calling it G. riippelli {.T. f. O. ISOi), jij). 102, 103 ; Kat. Voyrlsamml.

Mus. Franhf. p. 40, 1801). I lielieved for some time that there was a possibility

of my G. riippelli being the same as Alctuda praetcrmissa Blanf. (which would

probably better be placed in the genus Galerida [cf Salvadori, Ann. Miis. Geneva

(2) 1, 1884, J). 168 ; (2) C, 1888, p. 260] as it has a longer first primary than any

• This is the original spelling of the name. It has afterwards by many authors been altered int«

/ralerita, but this correction is not acceptable, as the name Galvrila is tlmt of a very well known genus

of Cofepj/U'ra, which was established long before 1828, when Boie created ti'aleri'ht.

( 143 )

3>i'oper Alaiula*), or as tlie same author's (ndcrita arciiicol'i var. fuKca {(jeol. anrl

Zool. Abi/ssinia, p. 387), whicli Sliarpe declares to be identical with .1. prni'termisxa

(mark the genus !), but the measurements do not agree ! As, however, this is

a ([uestiou which can only finally be settled by a comparison of the different types,

I will leave it out of consideration for the present time.

Most excellent field-notes, descriptions of nests, eggs, etc., of the Algerian

forms by Koenig are found in the Journal/. Ornithologie, 189.5, and remarks of

great clearness and correctness by Whitaker in the Ibis, 1895 and 1896, where a

new name for a form, G. cristata pallida, from Tunis, is created.

The " t3pical " Aluttda criittata L., which I would call Galerida cristata, sensu

strictiore, or Oaleridu cristata cristata L.,t is found all over Europe. Specimens

from Sweden, Germany, Holland, Austria, France, Servia, Hungary, Turkey,

S. Russia (Sarepta), also one shot at Athens in January by Elwes, do not differ

in any obvious way, so that no subspecies can be made out of them. Of course they

vary individually, but I have not been able to trace any locally modified groups

among them. Two from Attica, shot in March, are a little paler grey above, but

more specimens would be necessary to decide whether this is characteristic for the

birds breeding in that country. One of them is very small, the otlier not! Both

are said to be females !

In Southern Spain and Morocco there must be, according to Sharpe, two very

<lifferent forms. If this is correct they must inhabit different parts of the countries

in which they are found. This is confirmed by Alfred Brelim and others. The

one which is like the Seuegambian one is found in the sandy plains, the little dark

G. theklae on the mountains and among the black rocks. One Sharpe says is

" absolutely identical " with specimens from Seuegambia. I have no such birds

before me just now, but that does not matter, as it is clear that we have here

another form, which is closely allied to G. cristata cristata of Europe, and of similar

dimensions, but altogether much more reddish, i)aler, and sand-coloured ; perhaps

the beak also, in the mean, a little larger, but sometimes even smaller.^ Its e.xact

distribution is not clear ; but it is certain that it breeds in Senegambia and the

Western Sudan, as Sharpe mentions nestlings from the River Gambia, and I met

with it in the northern dry parts of Hausa-land, where it was iu full song in

February and early in March. One skin which I shot at Jassaura, a town

discovered by me not very far from Sokoto, in a country which during the dry

season was very dry, sandy, and almost desert-like, I sent to E. von Homeyer, who

professed to be an authority on larks, iu the hope that I should get a useful ojiinion

on this form for my article in the ././'. 0. 1886 (see p. 582, No. 19), but he only

sent me a sweeping remark (I.e.), which was not even quite correct. This bird is

still in the Homeyer collection, now in Braunschweig, and is before me, thanks to

the kindness of Professor W. Blasius. It is distinctly the G. .<enegallemis

{P. L. S. Mali.).

The other South Spanish form is G. theklae (thus spelt, not thecklac, as Sharjie

writes). It is very small, very bl.ack, the breast with numerous broad blackish

* This brings iis to the difficult question of the genera of the Alaialidaf. How many ran be made .'

and is there a sharp hne between Alamla and Oalfrida 1 I am not prepared to answer this n(>\v, and I

believe it is not so easy as it seems. According to Sharpc'e key (pp. .'(12, .^13). they would seem to rnn

into each other.

t Form a.

X Form b.

( 144 )

shaft-stripes, and Sbarpe regards it as a <rood species.* It, or a form between it

and G. cristafa cristata, is also found in tbe coast region of Algeria and Tunis. In

the interior of these countries, however, we find an interesting number of forms.

Besides the jnst-mentioned dark form on the coast, we meet all over the stouy

plateans of the desert very long-billed forms, one of them darker and larger,

G. eiistata macrovhtjncha (Tristr.). more on the dark stony tracts in tbe middle of

tbe desert, and tbe other paler and little smaller form, G. r. arenicola (Tristr.).

more on tbe margin of the true sandy desert, the Sahel.t while on the very sand

itself they are reiilaced by the wonderfully pale sandy isabelline (t. c. imhdlina

(Bp.).t Besides these Mr. Wbitaker describes (Jbii, 1895, p. 100) an Alaiula

cristata paUi<lri,\ found in tlie southern parts of Tiniis, where the soil is more arid

and more bare, but not yet true desert. It seems that Koenig found the same near

El Kantara and Biskra in Algeria, but lie calls it '/. arenicnhi Tristr., which name

applies to the pale long-billed form.

Leaving Tunis we come east of it to Tripolis, Bnrku, the Libyan Desert, etc..

all countries hitherto ornitholugically entirely unexplored. Tbe next form of

crested lark we meet in the Delta of the Nile, whence the Tring Museum possesses

a series from Alexandria, Damietta, and Cairo. It differs from Galeru/a cristata

cristata of Europe in being considerably darker above, the black centres of tbe

feathers being more extended, the brown edges darker, wings and tail darker, more

blackish. The breast is marked with bolder, broader, very dark blackish brown

longitudinal spots, giving it a striking ai)[)earauce. Throat white ; abilomen buffy or

isabelline, and with some ill-defined brown shaft-stripes ; sides of body heavily

streaked. Wing 102 — 106 mm. ; bill 10, a little more tapered than in (1. cristata

cristata. This very distinct subspecies has no name : I therefore name it

Galerida cristata deltae subsp. uov.||

Proceeding farther np the Nile crested larks must occur everywhere, but to

which forms they belong I cannot say at jireseut. The next form I am acquainted

with is a large-billed isabelline form,' which the Tring Museum possesses from

Khartoum, collected by Petherick and J. W. vou Miiller. It resembles G. c.

sencyallensis, bnt is more yellowish above ; the breast-spots are more brownish

isabelline ; the bill is a little bigger. It resembles pale specimens of the long-

billed Algerian form, but the rectrices are more reddish isabelline, the upper aspect

more reddish, tbe breast-spots not so frequent and not so dark. It is G.flara of

• Form c,

f P'orm.s d. r.

I Form i.

§ Form/. Unfortunately C. L. Brehm has already named a GaUHda eriatata pallula from Spain ; it

is therefore necessary to replace Whitaker's name by a new one. I call it

G. cristata superfluanom. nov.

While this article was in print 0. (J. Elliot's article on tbe birds collected by him in Somaliland appeared

in the Field Columbian Museum's Publications. Thereon ji.SSof I'ublication 17, lie describes a new species

of Galirula. unfortunately again tailing it G. pallida '. As this name, as shown above, cannot be used,

there being two pallida already, and as the discovery of an evidently very distinct form of crested lark

in .Sonialiland is of speci.al interest, I name it

Galerida ellioti nom. nov.,

but it may also be a subspecies of 0'. cristata.

II Form fi.

( 145 )

Brehm.* Ascending the monntains of Shoa and Abyssinia we have evidently

several forms, which I cannot fully discuss at present.f

In an article in J.f. 0. 1873 — which is meant to nnravel mysteries, but causes

only more confusion — E. von Homeyer describes a form from Abyssinia as

Q. mu'-rocristata {sic, not microcristata , as would be grammatically correct). This

name is possibly synonymous with Alauda praetermissa Blanf., of which Homeyer

evidently knew nothing, but there are contradictory statements in the description-

Besides this form Homeyer mentions a G. al/i/xsinici, " IJiippel " {sic), but Rtippell

never used that name in his publications. However it must not be supposed that

Homeyer's G. (ihtjssinicii " Riippel " is Bonaparte's ab^ssinica. Homeyer declares

that, although Bonaparte gave this name to a yellow sand-coloured form, it should

be used for a small dark mountain form, because that was the real Abyssinian bird !

Similar nomenclatural eccentricities and illogical conclusions are often found in

this article, but it must be admitted that they are only a step more in the way of

certain ornithologists who will not accept strict priority in nomenclature. Accord-

ing to my own statement in Knt. Senckenherg. Vogelsamml. p. 40, note 78, the bird

on which Homeyer founded his " G. a/ii/ssini/'a Rtippel " is " G. cristnt",^^ a state-

ment which probably requires moditication.

Wandering farther eastwards we come again to a large country — Arabia —

whence I do not know the crested larks. In Turkestan and Yarkand, and perhaps

down to the Persian Gulf, is again found a large long-billed form, G. mnqnn^X which

resembles G. c. macrorhyncha so much tiiat I am not able to give distinguishing

characters. It seems also to vary in darkness and lightness of colour, almost as

much as G. c. mcicrorhjncha and G. c. arenicola. Very close to (j. c. magnu, if at

all separable, is the North Chinese G. c. le'iuttingensis.^

A very distinct form inhabits North- West India. It is very small, very grey

above, below not at all isabelline, the crop-region richly marked with blackish lirown

s])ots. II How it came to be constantly confounded with others is difficult to under-

stand. The names ckendoola and bogsii evidently both refer to this form.

Now to the nomenclature of all these forms.

G. cristata (L.) (Ed. X. ji. 106, 17os) of course applies to the North-European

form, K. Linnaeus' distribution " Habitat in Enropae iv'w" is excellent, and quite

to the point. Synonymous with it are undoubtedly Alauxla cochevis P. L. S. Miill.,

A. galerita Pall. (? partim), G. viariim Brehm, Heterops ci-istatus Frankl.

La Coquillade of Daubenton and Montlieillard (not t'oquiUarde, as quoted in the

Cat. B.) seems a curious bird, and it is by no means certain whether it is a distinct

form of 't. cristata or a mere " aberration." Therefore the names A. matutinn

Bodd., .1. undata Gm., and A. plumata P. L. S. Miill., Linn. Natursgst. Suppl. p. 137

(not quoted in Cat. B.), which are all based on the " Coquillade,'' must all be

quoted with a query, not without, among the synonyms of G. cristat".

A. senegalletisis (spelt thus !j P. L. S. Miill., based on the " Cochevis du

Sinegal " of Daubenton and Montbeillard, belongs of course to form b.

Alauda ckendoola Frankl. and Certhilaada, boysii Blyth must, I think, both

belong to the little grey N.W. Indian form, form o.

* Form /;.

t Evidently at Icvst two forms, k. I.

J Form m.

§ Form «.

II Form 0.

10

( H(i )

Galerita randonii Loche of 1858 is a nom<'n nudum, tliongh we know fram his

later works that it is the same darker long-billed form (f/) which meanwhile, in

1859, had been described as G. maerorhijncha by Tristram.

Alauda leautungensis Swinh. pertains to the North-Chinese form («)> which is

hardly, if at all, separable from Oalerida cristata magna.

Galerita hrachtjura Tristr. (P. Z. S. 1864, p. 435) is a Palestine form, probably

somewhat closely allied to G. c. magna, but nearer to G. c. cristata. It was after-

wards suppressed by the describer himself. In his Flora and Fauna of Palestine

he did not even mention the name, and in the catalogue of his collection he placed it

as a synonym under G. cristata.

Galerita arenicola Tristr. is a long-billed form. It must, therefore, be trans-

ferred from the synonyms of G. isahellina, where it is placed in the Cat. B., to the

group of G. cristata, and it is nothing else than the paler desert-like-coloured near

ally of G. macrorhyncha, my G. cristata arenicola (Tristr.), form e.

G. cristata caucasica Tacz., Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1887, p. 621 (not P. Z. S.,

as quoted in Cat. B.), is not known to me, but, judging from the author's description,

peculiar.

G. cristata coreensis Tacz., P. Z. S. 1887, p. 603 (not Bull. Soc. Zool. France), is

long-billed, and evidently allied to G. magna and leautungensi.-i, hnt unknown to me.

Galerida ahyssinica Bp. (1850) is said by Bonaparte to be the Galerida

cristata ex Abyssinia of Ruppell. But Rvippell's Abyssinian specimens were not at

all "colore deserti." Therefore I have named them G. riippelli, although they

•would seem to be the types of G. ahyssinica Bp., but this can hardly be so, as they

entirely disagree with his diagnosis.

G. isahellina is not very much better, though a little better characterised than

G. ahyssinica, but there is no need to deviate from the generally accepted custom of

using this name for the short-billed North African true desert-form, i.

G.Jiam Brehm (A. E. Brelim, ././. 0. 1864, p. 77, dcscr. nulla— only the colour

vaguely mentioned ; C. L. Brehm, JS'aumannia, 1858, p. 209) is, without doubt, a

long-billed form, h, and not a synonym of G. isahellina. G. lutea C. L. Brehm,

Naumannia, 1858, p. 210, is evidently the same as G. isahellina Bp., and, in fact,

better and with more certainty referable to what we now call by Bonaparte's name.

I may here mention that it will be necessary to compare a scries from Egypt with a

series from Tunis and Algeria, as they may differ from each other.

G. cristata nigricans, major, vulgaris, pagorum, tenuirostris of C. L. Brehm

{Naumannia, 1858, pp. 207, 208) are evidently all individual or accidental varieties

of 0. cristata cristata.

G. cristata liarinthiaca and j^^'JMram id. iid. must be compared, but belong

probably also to G. cristata cristata.

G. cristata pallida and gallica are doubtful. Perhaps the former belongs to

G. c. senegalk7m.t, and the latter may be the Coquillade of Montbeillard (v. antea),

G.c. angustistriaia (Spain, Greece, and Nubia !), G. c. maculata (Nubia and Spain !),

G. c. aitirostris (Egypt, Nubia, Spain !), and (J. c. ru/e.scem (S. Sj)aiu) must remain

doubtful, and cannot, from their generally jioor descriptions, be finally defined

without a study of the types.

In conclusion, I will again enumerate all those forms of (Jalerida which I

believe can be recognised as subspecies, those specially wanted in Mr. Rothschild s

Museum being marked with an asterisk.

( 147 )

Galerida Boie.

1. 0. cristata L.

a. 0. cristata cristata L. Europe generally.

*b. G. cristata sirnegallensis (P. L. S. Mlill.) SenegamLia, Hausa-land ;

according to Sharpe, to Sonth Spain, etc.

c. G. cristata the/dae (C. L. Brehm). South Spaiu, Morocco ; according

to Whitaker, to Tunis (coast), where, however, evidently not typical,

but more pointing to a.

d. G. cristata macrorhyncha Tristr. Algeria, Tunis.

e. G. cristata arenicola Tristr. Algeria, Tunis. (Details of distribution, see

Koenig, Whitaker.)

*/• G. cristata superjiaa Hartert. Tunis, Algeria. (Not known to me, but

evidently a good form. Name with regard to the overflowing richness

of forms in Tunis and Algeria.)

g. G. cristata ddtae Hartert. Nile Delta.

h. G. cristata flava (C. L. Brehm). Nubia.

*/. G. cristata isahellina (Bp.). Egypt, Tunis, and Algeria.

*k.l. Evidently two mountain forms in Abyssinia, of which more knowledge

is required. Synonyms at present doubtful to me.

m. G. cristata magna (Hume). Distribution probably wide, not yet quite

worked out. (Extremely close to d.) (?)

*n. G. cristata leautungensis (Swinh.). North China. (Perhaps not separ-

able from G. magna.) (?)

0. (t. cristata chendoola (Frankl.). North-West India.

p. G. cristata malabarica (Scoj).). South India.

*q. G. cristata caucasica Tacz. Caucasus. (Unknown to me.)

*r. G. cristata coreensis Tacz. Corea. (Unknown to me.)

2. G. deva (Sykes). India, Cutch to Etawah and Madras.

We have thus two species, one of them divided into thirteen to seventeen

subspecies — more to be discovered by-and-by.*

* While these words were in print there appeared Elliot's description of a new form from Somaliland.

A. cllioti Hartert. It is probably a subspecies of G. cristata (see antea, p. 144).

( 148)

NOTES ON HUMMING-BIRDS.

By ERNST HARTERT.

ERIOCNEMIS.

THROUGH the kindness of Herr Dr. A. B. Me3er, I have been able to study

the type of his Eriocnemis aurea, described in the Auk, 1890, p. 315. It is,

in my opinion, not possible at present to decide finally about this bird, but it is

probably a, female of E. cupreiventris. Some of the supjwsed specific ditferences

are those of the Jemale from the 7nale of the latter species. The white cross-bands

on the breast-feathers and the smaller size are the characters of the female.

Mr. Salvm, in the Catalogue of Birds, says that the sexes oi Eriocnemis cupreiventris

are alike, but dissected skins from Merida, Venezuela, show that the /'i> mate differs

from the male in having white cross-bars to the feathers of the throat and breast)

and in being a little smaller. Also the under tail-coverts are less bright. I have

not, as a rule, much faith in the golden bronze tinge as a specific character, but

the certainly differently coloured upper tail-coverts, combined with the other

characters given in Dr. Meyer's description, must at present make it doubtful

whether the specimen in question is a variety of an ndnlt feinale of E. cupreiventris,

or a distinct species. It may be added that Mr. Salvin (I.e.) only gave Colombia

as the home of E. cupreicentris, only having Bogota trade-skins before him.

However it is equally common in the Andes near Merida in Venezuela, whence the

Tring Museum received eight specimens. Specimens from Merida are also in

Boucard's, Berlepsch's, and Simon's collections. Mr. Boucard, Hamm. B. 1892, p. 78,

and Gen. Humm. B. p. 257, described as a new species an Eriocnemis albigularis,

it being distinguished by a white throat. He adds that it " may possibly turn out

to be a case of semi-albinism." Any unbiassed ornithologist who throws only a

glance at the bird will agree with me, that it is undoubtedly an albinistic variety

of E. cupreiventris, and I may add that it is evidently Vi. female.

PETASOPHORA.

The measurement of the wing of the male of Petasophora delphinae (2'6 in.)

is given too small in Cat. B. XVI. p. 112. It is 71 — 76 mm. in the adult male, but

in the female it is 66 — 68. The female is similar to the male in colour, but it is

smaller. The wing is shorter in the females of all species of Petasophora ! I cannot,

from all I have seen, appreciate the alleged differences of P. cabanirtis, and cannot

separate the Central American specimens even snbspecifically.

THALURANIA.

It is Mr. Boucard's habit to propose names for sjjecimens " if they should

prove difiFerent species." This " pro])osing " names for doubtful forms is, in our

opinion, a very bad practice, although it has been followed by many distinguished

ornithologists. It is the more objectionable as it is generally done in the midst of the

letterpress or in footnotes, instead of in a different paragraph or under a conspicuous

heading, thus being more easily overlooked. So Mr. Boucard has {Gen. II. B.

( 149 )

p. 102, 1893) proposed the name of Tkalurania valeticiana for specimens of Tit.

folumbica. from " Valencia in Columbia," in whicii " the shining emerald-green of

the throat covers only the throat and ujiper part of the breast, while the neck, back,

and rnmp are all green, without the bronz}' tinge constant in 77?. columhica." The

female, he says, is also different in having the flanks and abdomen green. As far

as I can see, the colour of the neck, back, and rnmp of the type of Boucard's

T. valenciana does not differ more than many Bogota skins I have seen vary from

others from the same locality, and the extent of the green colonr of the throat seems

only different because the skin is differently prepared. The supposed female I

consider to be an immature male, which always has the flanks and abdomen green !

Th. valenciana can therefore only be regarded as a synonym of Th. columbica.

Mr. Boncard further described (Gen. H. B. p. 107) as a new species Th.

boliviaua from Bolivia, but his types are Th. jelskii Tacz., a species which Boncard

did not know and which he placed as a synonym of T. nigrofasciata. Mr. Salvin

(Cat. B. XVI. p. 84) also did not know Tk. jelskii, as he expressly says ; but he

had before him eight skins of it from Bolivia, which he enumerated as skins of

Th. tschwUi, thongh (p. 83) he noticed some differences between them and his real

Th. tschudii from Peru. Th. jelskii is, I think, more distinct than Th. tschudii,

which comes somewhat close to Th. nigrofasciata.

The three forms Th. furcata, furcatoides, and refulgens are somewhat puzzling.

The first two especially are very closely allied, and even Boncard, who can hardly be

called a " lumper," has united them. Although Th. furcatoides from Brazil is pretty

constant, this cannot be said of Th. furcata from Guiana and Cayenne, specimens

from both these countries varying greatly in measurements, and especially in those

of the tail, some being found that are hardly distinguishable from Tk. furcatoides.

Th. refulgens is generally at a glance to be distinguished from Th. furcata by its

much larger size, and especially the longer, broader, and more forked tail, as well

as by the generally pure steel-blue under tail-coverts. The size, however, is not

absolutely constant, an approach to large specimens of Tk. furcata being foirnd now

and then ; and there are also specimens with narrow white borders to some of the

under tail-coverts. The three forms, nevertheless, are recognisable if a series is

compared, and the consequence is that they must be treated as subspecies.

As the locality of Th. refulgens the island of Trinidad alone is generally given, but

we really do not know where the numerous trade-skins in all our collections, which

are said to be from Trinidad, are shot. Even admitted that most of them really are

from Trinidad, it is most likely that either Th. refulgens or Tk. furcata inhabits the

countries between British Guiana, and almost certain that the specimens approaching

Tk. furcata are not from the same place as the more tyjiical Th. refulgens. Boucard

therefore most cautiously adds a query to the locality Trinidad.

With regard to Th. columbica and Th. venusta, I cannot help observing that

Central American specimens are mostly recognisable by the rather wide extent of

blue on the back, and that nearly all of them have also longer beaks. There is,

therefore, reason enough to separate this species into two forms, Tk. cobmibica typica

and Th. columbica venusta.

Mr. Eugfene Simon has described one more species of Tkalurania from Yungas

in Bolivia, which he named Th. balzani. Its most striking characters are the

pure white under tail-coverts and its rather sliort wing. The type-specimens are

evidently fully adult birds. They have the tliroat of a golden green. Their nearest

ally, however, is Th. jelskii. There is no black band between the green colonr of

( 150 )

the throat and tliat of the abdomen. Th. balzani is evidently a distinct species.

The Triug Mnseum has received it from the Beni IJiver in East Bolivia, where

Mr. A. Maxwell Stuart shot it.

CHLOROSTILBOX.

Besides the forms included in the genus Chlorostilbon in the Catalogue of Bir(fii

I must, without hesitation, unite with it the members of the so-called genus

Panychlora. The colour of the tail alone can certainly not serve for generic

separation, and the interramal space is not in all the species of Paw/chlora, as far

as I can see, more feathered thau in all the forms of Chlorostilbon, besides that

this slight difference is hardly of generic value. Genera are, in my opinion, made

for the convenience, and not for the inconvenience, of systematic workers, ami

therefore, granted that colour alone cannot serve for generic separation, Chloro-

stilbon and Fanychloru are better united. The species of these groujis are often very

closely allied, and some of them must be split into several subspecific forms, which

here and there pass into each other. Thus the Mexican Chi. caniveti is slightly

modified towards the south, the specimens from Guatemala having a less deejdy

forked tail, those from Costa Rica a still less deeply forked tail, besides other slight

differences (see Cat. B. XVI. p. 47), and, as a rnle, specimens of the three forms

can well be distinguished, though occasion.ally it seems impossible to classify certain

individaals. Therefore it is not possible to separate them specifically, as stated by

Salvin, I.e., but they may stand as subspecies.

Mr. Salvin, Cat. B. XVI. p. 56, saysj " With typical specimens of C. daphne,

C. napensis, C. brei'icaudatus, and C. subfurcafus before me, I am unable to dis-

tinguish between them or to separate them from C. prasinns of Cayenne." It is

certainly true that these forms are closely allied, and at first, when looking at them

on a dark winter day in the British Museum, I did not notice much of the supposed

differences, except the different length of the bills. When, however, I had studied

the material in the collections of Mr. Rothscliild, ('ount Berlepsch, Mous. Eng.

Simon, and in the Paris Museum, I found that specimens from Cayenne do not

possess the blue tinge on the throat and foreneck, which is very strong (not only

faint) in those from Upper Amazonia and from the Roraima Mountains. The tail

in Cayenne birds is about square, the central rectrices being very little shorter

than the others, the outer ones slightly shorter thau the rest, while in C. subfiireatus

Berlp. from Roraima the tail is distinctly snbfurcated, the outermost rectrices

being longest, the central ones decidedly shorter. Moreover C. subfurcatus has the

beak about two millimetres shorter, but the wing is not constantly longer, though

Count Berlepsch states it to be longer. C. subjurcatus is, I have no doubt, specifically

distinct from C. prasinus, but it is so very much like C. daphne, and in fact only

distinguished from it by a two millimetres shorter beak, slightly shorter wing, and

a little more deeply forked tail (but not by a less blue tliroat), that it is best

considered as a subspecies of C. daphne, some skins of the latter from Peni being

hardly distinguishable from C. subjurcatus. We thus have two species, one only

known from the low country of Guiana, the other an inhabitant of fjie Upper

Amazons and the eastern jiarts of the Andes, which occurs in a slightly modified

form in the Roraima Mountains.

C. breucaudatui is the name given by Gould to the bird of Cayenne, the very

one we call now C'. prasinus. It is true that Lesson's figure and description are

not exact enough to define with absolute certainty one of our present subspecies;

( 151 )

and, moreover, he leaves the locality doubtful (" cspece ([ui parait habiter le

BresU I ") ; bat there seems to be no other species to which we can refer his name :

it seems too small for C. daphne, the tail not emarginate enough for C. aubfurcatus,

the beak difFerentl}' coloured from that of C. imcherani. I therefore agree with

Elliot, Salvin, and others that the name of Lesson should stand for the species under

consideration. Very few are the specimens in collections from Brazil. The specimen

from Barcellos on the Rio Negro {Agtjrtria mflipkila Natt., in Pelz. Orn. Bras.

pp. 29, 57) has a bluish throat, and therefore would belong to C. daphne. A skin

in Count Berlepsch's collection which is jirobablv from the middle parts of the

Amazons, though its locality is not known with certainty, belongs to C. prasiiuu<,

and has not at all the more forked tail of C. subfurcatus, but it is slightly more

bluish on the breast than other C. prasimis usually are. It is almost certain that

in some parts of Brazil intermediate forms between ('. daphne and C. siibfureatux

are found, and they may even be enough localised to make them into another inter-

mediate subspecies. It is also not impossible that connecting links e.xist between

C. subfurcatus and C. prasiuus, but at present we do not know them. Specimens

from Pern (C. daphne') are perhaps generally a little smaller, with shorter beaks,

than tliose from Ecuador {€. napensis), but they seem rather variable, and I have

not enongli evidence to separate these two forms conscientiously.

There has always been some tuicertainty about Chlorostilhon {Pawjchlora')

euckloris, which is the same as P. poortmani major Berlepsch. I have, therefore,

studied Count Berlepsch's types and many other specimens in the collections at

Berlepsch, Tring, Loudon, and Paris. There is no doubt that the skins from

Bucaramanga in the state of Santander, the typical C. euckloris, are very different

from typical C. poortmani, especially in their long beaks ; but in Bogota collections

we find, besides a vast number of typical C. poortmani, certain skins forming

complete intergradations between the two forms, and some typical C. euMoris as

well. G. euchloris must therefore be degraded to subspeciiic rank.

Boncard, in the Ilumming-Bird, 1892, p. 79, and Gen. Humm. B. p. 122,

described a C. speciosus. The tj^^e, with its dull oily, somewhat bluish or gre}ish

underside, is a very distinctly and curiously coloured Bogota skin, agreeing in its

dimensions with C. angustipennis. It is at present impossible to say whether it

belongs to a different species, or whether it is a dark-coloured variety of C. angusti-

pennis. Boucard, Gen. Humm. B. p. 120, described also a C. iviedi {rom Brazil. It

is exactly like C. pucherani, but a little less bluish on the throat than most skins of

€. jyueherani, and more golden aliove. The less strong blue tint on the throat

seems to be of no consequence, as it varies considerably in the species, and there are

undoubted skins of < '. pucherani which have as little blue as Boucard's ('. u-iedi.

The more golden hue is, in my opinion, not a specific character, but due to age of

plumage. When in the Dutch West Indian Islands, Aruba, Curacjao, and Bonaire,

my wife and I collected a large series of C. caribaeus (the C. atala of the Catalogue

of Birds). They were mostly glossy golden green, as we see them in every collec-

tion, but a few freshly moulted birds shot in the last time of our stay showed a

most surprisingly strong golden sheen on the abdomen and above, and the crown

was really jmre shining gold. Most of these had a few old feathers left, but one in

just perfected plumage is faultless and of great l)eauty. In view of this experience

of my own I cannot attach any specific value to a more golden gloss in single

individuals from no distinct locality, and I regard C. wiedi without the slightest

hesitation as merely a synonym of C. pucherani.

( 152 )

For similar reasons I cauuot see anytliiug but uu iudividiial variation, as it is

found in almost ever)' species of wliicli any series are to liand, in Boucard's

C. panainensis, which lie " proposes " for a single male of C. assimilis " if it slionld

prove new."

ON A NEW CATHABSIUS FROM WESTERN AUSTRALIA.

By .TOHN W. SIIIPP.

Catharsius australiae sp. no v.

Black, subnitid. Head semicircular, with the posterior angles acute ; clypeus

raarginate and disc raised ; a transverse carina extends from near the inner margin

of the eyes across the disc, rather elevated in the centre. A fine carina crossing

from each side of clypeus meets the transverse carina just in front of the inner

margin of the eyes. Head rugosely granulate, the granulations being transversely

elongated on the disc, but more rounded and closer together at the sides.

Thora.x with the anterior angles slightly acute. Sides of thorax rounded.

Lateral margins strongly emargiuate. Posterior angles obsolete, the posterior

margin being evenly rounded. A deep cicatrix on each side of thorax just behind

the middle. Disc with a very short transverse obsolete carina towards the anterior

margin, with the middle slightly impressed. Densely granulate, with the exception

of two smooth lobes on each side of the longitudinal obsolete depression close to the

posterior mariiin, which is deeply marginate.

Elytra longer than broad, furnished with seven punctured striae between the

humeral or eighth stria and the suture. The humeral stria is furnished with a

strongly raised carina, which is evanescent towards apex. Interstices sparingly

punctured with minute punctures, which are thicker at the apex and round the

margins. Lateral margins strongly sinuated and marginate.

Pvgidium broader than long, thickly punctiwed, and witli a small smooth

median impunctate line towards the base.

Underside, with the exception of the legs and abdomen, covered with a reddish

brown jmbescence. Abdomen smooth, very finely punctured on disc, tliickly and

coarsely punctured at sides. Metasternum with a deep longitudinally impressed

impunctate line in centre, sides rather thickly punctured and pubescent, disc very

sparingly punctured with minute punctures.

Anterior tibiae three-dentate, with a raised longitudinal carina running down

the entire centre, and with three small transverse cariuae branching off to the apex

of the dentations. A fine sinuated carina runs round the entire length of the

e.^terior margin.

Anterior femora swollen towards the base, simply bicarinate both on the under-

side and also on the exterior margin ; sparingly punctured and slightly pubescent.

Intermediate and jiosterior tibiae truncated, and three-dentate on exterior

margins, the basal dentation being very small. Undersides of femora very finely

and sparingly punctured with minute i)uuctures. Intermediate tibiae with two

apical spurs, posterior tibiae with one apical spur.

Long. Corp. 28 mm.: lat. 10 mm.

ITa/). Darling Range, West Australia.

Type : one ? in the Tring Museum.

This is the only Cutkni-sius from Australia with which I am acquainted.

( 153 )

ME. WILLIAM DOHERTY'S BIRD-COLLECTIONS FROM

CELEBES.

By ERNST HARTERT.

INTRODUCTION.

AFTER liis most snccessfnl trips to Java, Bali, Lombok, Sambawa, and Snmba,

of which a short account is given and tlio birds ennmerated in the last

unmber of this jonrnal, Doherty left the Snnda Islands for Celebes. The ornitho-

logical resnlts from Celebes are, of course, less important than those from the

Lesser Snnda Islands, as Celebes is, for the most part, much better known than

those islands ; bnt the birds are, nevertheless, of much interest.

Doherty first went up to Bonthain Peak. He says of the birds from there :

" About half of them came from Bnkampaliang or Kampaliang, about .5000 feet

high, above Lokka, which is above Bonthain (Bantaing), high up on the ' Bawa

Karaing,' as the peak is there called. They were taken in four days. We did not

make a long stay at Bonthain, bnt immediately started up the hill with packhorses,.

the Raja superintending. As early as eight o'clock in the morning (butterflies are

rarely out till at least nine, as you know) we got some good butterflies — a d of an

Jxias new to me, though I think I have seen it mentioned somewhere, a ? of the

very rare Krgolis merionoides, and several of Nychitona (Hone and Appkis ithome,

of which we had only got one in the Makassar country. The vegetation was

ststouishiugly ditferent from that at the north of Makassar — rather iioor — and we

had seen very fine forest three miles from Bonthain. So, finding insects very scarce

in the high country, we, in our disappointment, returned too soon to Bonthain town,

and spent half of our short trip near that place, wliere we found none of the fine

things we expected."

The shortness of the Bonthain trip, and the very short stay in the higher

altitudes, were the reasons that the Bonthain birds are of comparatively little

interest ; and as Everett and the Sarasins had collected there before, they are all

species already known to occur there. Nevertheless I thought it would lie worth

while to give a complete list, as we know so little of the exact distribution of

Celebes birds in higher altitudes, as some of the species call forth certain remarks,

and especially as most of them have good details on the labels.

There is then a snuill collection from the low country nortli of Makassar, which,

though small and for the greater part consisting of common birds, contains great

rarities, as a skin of a young nialc of Phlegoenas bimcu-ulata Salvad., ih^ female of

Monachalctjon capucinus Mey. & Wigl., only known from the typo, a malo, and a

pair of Sipkia rtifigula, which was of special interest to us.

After a short stay at Makassar, that great eniporinm of the easternmost trade

in the Dntch West Indies, Doherty proceeded to Palos Bay, in the middle of the

west coast of Celebes, where he collected for a short time, nnfortunately under very

difficult and hindering circumstances.

The following passages from a letter dated Ternate, September 27th, 1896,

and written during a bad attack of remittent fever — in a temi)eratare of from 9,5° to

110° Fahr. — refer to this expedition, and may be of interest, if only to show that

( 154 )

collecting in the East, althongh one of the most fascinating occnpations of a

naturalist, is not always like wandering on paths strewn with roses : —

" I send three tins of butterflies and five of birds from Palos Bay. They are

partly taken south or south-west of the bay, at l^omjohi, and i)artly north of the

entrance of the bay, at Tawaya, all being from low country up to :2500 feet, my

desperate attempts to reach high country on Mount Loli, and again on Mount

Tumba (or Tuba), just failing by a hair's breadth. We had a very bad time. My

idea was to reach the neck of the isthmus between Tawacli and Parigi, where, at a

height of 3000 feet or more, I might have made interesting collectidns. Usually,

I think, there would have been no great difficulty in attempting this ; but just as I

came to the port of Dongala war broke out. The Tawadli people burnt Kayn

Malnwa; the fugitives fled partly to Tawaya (north), partly to I'alu (Palos) (south).

The people of Dongala guarded their houses night and day with guus in their

hands, and no praus for love or money would venture to go out. I went over to

Tawali, on the south coast of the bay, and got some butterflies, including a curious

form of Cethosia myrina (at 2500 feet), and tried to reach Mount Loli, about

8000 feet high, but the Raja interfered. The western side of the mountain, all

forest, belongs to the Sultan of Palos, and it is impossible to go there without going

•to Palos for permission, which was impossible during the war. Tlie eastern side

close to Palos belongs to the Sultan of Benawa, the greatest of all these chiefs, and

my very good friend. Unfortunately, however, this side is absolutely bare up to

5000 or 0000 feet — a remarkable thing for a place so near the equator— and quite

uninhabited. The Sultan of Benawa advised me to try Tawaya, which he said

belonged to him. As a matter of fact the Tawayans had some years ago kidnapped

his son and held him as a hostage, doing just what they liked. The dear little boy

afterwards often came to see me at Tawaya, with a large armed guard. Finally

I got, at great exjieuse, a prau to take me to Tawaya. The passage was fearful.

We were nearly swamped, lost an outrigger, and thought we were lost, when

suddenly, by amazing luck, the wind changed and the sea went down, enabling us

to reach the shore. The men, who were in fear of pirates all the way over, put my

things ashore a long way from the village, and fled for their lives. I left my men,

all armed, in charge of the things, and went only with my butterfly-net to Tawaya.

On arriving at the place I was mobbed at once, the ])oople, who sjieak only Kaili,

not Malay, supposing that their town was to be attacked, and they tried to kill me,

one young man from Kayu Maluwa actually wounding me in the breast, though but

slightly, because the old men caught hold of his arms. By great good fortune an

old Buginesc, Haji Abdul Fatha, who has been three times to Mecca, but was

nevertheless a good man, came just in time, and after 1 had given him the signet-

ring of his son Nazir at Dongala, whom I knew well, but who liad been afraid to

accompany us, he explained everything, and our tronbles were over for this time.

The Tawaya people, however, remained sullen anil hostile for some ilays. The

neiglibouring vDlages were deserted, the people having taken to the woods ; and

though the Ilaja's sons often came to see me, he himself never came near his

capital during my stay. What he was afraid of I cannot say. I^ soon got on

friendly terms with the Alfnro (Toraja they say in ( 'elebes), or heathen people of

Tumba ; and as Tawaya was utterly j)arclu'd up and dry, I did my best to go to

Tumba, and twice got coolies, and twice they ran away. The third time they came

and were ready to take us to Tumba (fully 4000 feet high, I think, on a mountain

which is about TOOO), but that day there were three of us down with fever, and a

( 155 )

few days later we had to go back to Dougala to catch the steamer. If I liad stayed

I conld easily have reached Tnmba and got many good things, but considering what

the Sarasins have done in Celebes, I hated to waste time that might be better spent

in other islands.*

"The country near Palos Bay was actnally drier than Makassar, while in Toli

Toll (Tontoli), only 200 miles beyond, the climate is like that of Singapore — rain

every day, and a pleasant flora, I hear, like tliat of the Minahassa. Though now

the steamers stop at Dongala — formerly a little rendezvous of Bnginese pirates —

nobody at Makassar knew anything about the place. That is the trouble of going

to new places !

The insects and birds seem to l)e a mixture of the well-known Menado and

Makassar forms. . . ."

I shall give a complete list of the birds from north and south of Palos Bay, as

it will be not without value for the knowledge of the exact distribution of the

Celebes birds.

I. BIRDS COLLECTED IN AUGUST 1896 ON BONTHAIN PEAK.

1. Merula celehensis Bvittik.— J?, 6U00 to 7U00 feet. "Iris dark brown; feet

ochreons brown; bill orange-ochraceous, duller above."

2. Pratincola cnprata (L.). — From the lower hills to (jUOO feet. " Iris of

<? chestnut."

3. Phyllergates ricdeli Mey. & Wigl.— c? ? , 3000 and 6000 feet. " Iris <? pale

umber, ? greyish brown; feet pale brown or olive-brown ; maxilla blackish ;

mandible reddish ochreons." The young male is coloured like the adult

female.

4. Cisficohi cisticola (Temm.). — 6, 5000 feet. "Iris pale brown ; feet i)ale brown;

bill blackish; mandible pale, except on tip."

5. Tricliostoma Jinsehi Wald. — Only met with in the low country. " Iris pale

red-brown ; feet pale purplish ; maxilla blackish ; mandible bluish horu-

colonr."

6. ^wf/ro;;/^//;^*- fcTmV^/ Hartert.— ?, 0000 to 7000 feet. Wing 68-2 mm. "Feet

dark fuscous ; bill nearly black."

7. Acmonorhynckiis aureolimbatus (Wall.).— Only met with in the low countr\- at

the foot of Bouthain Peak. " Iris red-brown; bill and feet black."

8. Dicaeum celebtcum Miill. & Schleg.— Low country and 1000 feet. "Iris of

S ad. dark brown ; bill and feet black." One young /e?K«fe from 4000 feet

seems to belong to this species, though I am not quite sure about it. " Its

iris is deep brown ; feet blackish ; maxilla black ; mandible at base and

gape dull orange." This specimen is not B. nehrlwrni, as the bill is too

stout for that species, though in colour it is like young specimens of it.

9. D. nehrkorni W. Bias.— 4000 to 6000 feet.

10. Cinnyris frenata dissentiens Hartert.— Both sexes and pulli from the lower

hills up to 6000 feet. " Iris deep brown ; feet and beak black."

* We are sorry to say that we cannot agree with our friend's calculation. The Sarasins were neither

siiccialists in ornithology nor in entomology, anil collecting birds and lepidoptera was by no means their

principal object durintr their travels in Celebes. A longer stay in the higher country of Tumba (or Tuba)

would no doubt have been of some use for llr. Doherty. Only a longer stay can result in really good

collections, unless totally unknown islands are visited, whence everything is of interest, and such .arc rare

now ; and even there a too much hun-ied stay is regrettable.— K. H.

( 156 )

After once more reading Professor Blasins' discnssion on " Cyrtosfomus frcnatus-

(S. Mull.) var. nov. Plateni" in Zeitschr. /. ges. Ornith. II. pp. 289-291,

and comparing the figures on Plate XII. with my birds from Bonthain

Peak, it became to me very donbtfal whether it would be possible to separate

the form of the Bonthain Peak from tliat of Makassar. AVlien I named my

(lissentiens I compared it with a good series of North Celebes specimens,

which were named by Dr. A. B. Meyer, who no doubt has of all ornitho-

logists the greatest knowledge of the Celebensian avifauna, C. frenata

platetti. So it came that I took them to be typical plateni, nor had I any

special reason to doubt tlie correctness of tliis view, as Professor Blasins

had bestowed the name plateni on southern as well as on northern

examples. Professor Blasins now has been kind enough to lend me his

type of C. frenata plateni, which, as his article clearly shows, is the South

Celebes bird, with which, however, he nnited the North Celebes birds,

although stating some sliglif diSerences. I find now, iVom a study of

Blasins" type and one male from Makassar in the British Museum, that the

Makassar birds are quite unlike the Miuahassa form, being much paler

yellow below, and more olive with very little of a green tinge above.

Nevertheless they are not exactly like our birds from Bonthain Peak, but

still a little darker below, and with a. slight greenish tinge above, while my

Bonthain form has none at all. Therefore it would be most desirable to

compare a series of Makassar birds with those from Bonthain, of which I

have a good material before me now, to finally decide whether the Bonthain

birds are constantly different from those of Makassar : bnt at present I must

sujjpose, and I believe that this will be found to be quite right, that there

are three forms in Celebes : —

(1) A bird with dark yellow under parts and greenish upperside, inhabiting

Northern Celebes.

(2) A bird with paler underside, darker olive-brown and much less greenisli

upperside, found in the low country in South Celebes.

(3) A bird with still paler underside and still less greenish deep olive-brown

upperside, known to occnr on the Bonthain Peak.

The first of these three, which is undoubtedly different from No. 2, has no name^

and I wish to name it

Cinnyris frenata meyeri subsj). nov.

in honour of Dr. A. B. Meyer.

No. 2 is C. frenata plateni (W. Bias.), sensu strictiore.

No. 3, if different from No. 2, is C. frenata dissentiens Hart.

C.f. meyeri is the nearest form of the three to G. frenata frenata.

To make matters still more interesting, tliongh more complicated again, I am

enabled, with my good series of Bonthain birds for comparison, to state that

the difference between the latter and those from Saleyer, viz. the still paler

underside of the Saleyer form, is well marked and apparentjy constant,

and therefore I cannot hesitate any longer to distinguish it as

Cinnyris frenata saleyerensis subsp. nov.

Cinnyris fonuae C. frenata dissentiens dictae persimilis, sed subtns valde

pallidior.

( 157 )

Hab. Insula Saleyer dicta.

Typus in Mnseo Rothschildiano asservatnr.

11. Cinnyris porphi/rolacma (Wall.). — Low country only.

12. Mxjzomelu chlorojdera Walden. — 400(1 to 60OO feet.

13. Melilestes cekbensis meridioiiaUs Mey. & Wigl. -<?, 0000 feet. " Bill black;

feet dark biown ; soles dull oclireons."

14. Zosterops anomalu Mey. & Wigl. — This interesting sjiecies, wjiich truly deserves

the name anomala, was found at 3000 and 4000 feet. The "iris is pale

brown; the feet pale bluish grey; l)eak liiack; base of mandible pale."

l^. Z. sarasinoi-um Mey. &Wigl. — Two mali's from 50(J0 feet. As remarked before,

in my article on the birds collected on Bonthaiu Peak by Mr. Everett, I

have not seen Z. snrasirwrum from North Celebes, liut Dr. A. B. Meyer has

been good enough to compare some of my Bonthain Peak skius with his

Z. sarasinorum, and declares them to be the same. The authors, when

describing this species, did not compare it with its nearest ally at all, nor

did I when I first mentioned it, as I had no specimens of Z. citrineUa. Now,

comparing Z. sarasinoram with Z. citrinelhi, I find that they are very

similar to each other, in fact so much that they might be merely subspecies.

Z. citrineUa, however, is a little larger, with longer wing and beak, and

has the sides of the breast and abdomen more strongly washed with greyish

brown, and the middle of the breast and abdomen is lighter and more

washed with ])ale yellow in Z. sa7-a)<inonim. Z. palpebrosa and allies

differ at a glance in the grey sides of breast and abdomen.

16. Z. intermedia Wall. — In the lower parts and at about 3000 feet. " Iris pale sepia;

feet pale bluish grey ; maxilla deep brown ; mandible pale corneous."

Specimens from the Lesser Sunda Islands, as said before in this journal,

are mostly distinctly larger, with slightly larger beaks, and it might be

possible to separate them subspecifically from Z. intermedia of Celebes.

17. Z. squamiceps (Hartert). — I greatly doubt now, the more I see of Chlorocharis

emiliae and my Chi. sqimmiceps, that either of them can with satisfaction

be separated from the genus Zosterops, as long as Oreozosterops and other

aberrant forms are united with it, which I do not wish to separate (see Nov.

ZooL. III. jjp. 70, 153). Also my Lopkozosterops dohertyi (Nov. ZooL.

III. p. 668) is most closely allied to these large aberrant forms of

Zosterops, but tlie elongated head-feathers, forming a consjiiouous crown in

both sexes, may warrant its generic sejiaration. The beak of Lopkozosterops,

too, is rather strong and stout ibr a Zostei-ops. Z. squamiceps (Hart.) was

found to be common in heights of about 500i » and 6000 feet above the sea.

" The iris is dark chestnut or dark brown ; feet dark bluish grey, soles

ochreous; beak black."

18. Munia moliicca (L.). — Met with in the low country only. Celebes examjiles are

not, I think, separable from M. molucca typica, while some of the Saleyer

and Kalao specimens approach the M. molucca propinqva of the Lesser

Sunda Islands. This latter subspecies is indeed very little differentiated,

but I i|uite agree with Mr. Bharjie tliat it deserves a name. Systematic

work is scientijic only if it is exact; if not it is either useless, or doing harm

instead of good.

19. Artamus vionackus Bj). — One c?, shot at 6000 feet above the sea. Quite like

specimens from North Celebes. " Iris deeji red-brown ; feet and claws

( 158 )

Mackisli, jiowdered with wliite ; boiik jiale bine, tip aucl fore-i)art of

commissure blackisli."

20. Calornis minor Bp.— At 40011 feet.

21. Oriolus celebensis meriilionalis Hart. — Low country.

22. Streptocitta albicollis (Vieill.).— 3000 feet.

23. Pachycephala honthaina (Mey. & Wij;:!.).— Met with from 6000 to 7000 feet.

" Iris scarlet; bill black; feet blackisli." (Nov. Zool. III. p. 155.)

24. P. meridionaliH Biittik. — 3000 to 6000 feet high. " Iris deep chestnnt-brown ;

feet dark purplish, claws black ; beak black."

25. Graucaliis leucopygius B]). — ? shot at 500 feet on the foot of the Peak. " Iris

yellowish white; feet and beak black." Wing 153 mm.

26. Lalage timoriensis (S. Miill.). — One S from the loot of Bonthain Peak. " Iris

deep chestnut; feet blackish; beak black."

27. Muscicapula westermanni Sharpe. — A ? ad. and a S juv. from about 6000 feet.

?. "Iris grey; feet blackish; beak black."

28. Mmcicapula hi/peri/thra (Blyth). — S, 6000 feet. Wing (io mm.!

29. Sip/da omissa Hartert (Nov. Zool. III. p. 71). — Three adult males and a young

male from 4000 and 6000 feet. They bear out my former conclusions as to

the distinctness of the Celebes form, althongh the i/iales are not so easy to

distinguish. It may be considered by some as merely a subspecies of

5. hawjumas. S ad. " Feet pale purplish ; bill black." i juv. " Feet pale

reddish." Wings of adult ?«ate : 78 — 81mm.

30. Siphia bontluiina Hartert. — One specimen, marked c?, from 6000 feet. It fully

agrees with the type, described Nov. Zool. III. p. 157. " Iris deep chestnut;

feet slaty grey, soles pale reddish ; bill black." Wing 66 mm. ; tail 49 :

culm. 13-6 ; tars. 19.

31. Gerygone fiateola Cab. — One ?, 6000 feet. "Iris reddish chestnut; feet and

beak blackish." Wing 54'9 mm.

32. Hypothymi» puella (Wall.). — From the foot of Bonthain Peak. $. " Iris dark

chestnut."

33. Rkipidura teysmanni Buttik. — Two females from 3000 and 5000 feet. " Iris

very dark chestnut-brown: feet pale purplish; beak blackish, pale at base of

mandible."

34. Culicicapa keliaiithea Wall. — Met with at Ooihi feet. " Feet pale reddish brown,

blackish in front ; beak blackish above, reddish below."

35. Cryptolopha sarasinorum Mey. & Wigl.— In heights of 4000, 5000, and 6000

feet. " Iris dark chestnut ; feet slaty grey, soles ochreons ; beak deep

blackish brown, base of mandible paler." Wing 54 — 56 mm. Sexes alike

in colour and size.

36. Stoparola meridionalis Buttik. — A series from 5000 to 6o0U feet. " Iris deep

chestnut ; feet black ; beak black."

37. Halcyon cldoris (Bodd.). — A 6 from the foot of the mountain, very blue every-

where above; wing 112 mm. Two ? ? from 4000 feet, much more greenish

above; wings lln and 112 mm. " Iris deep chestnut."

38. Microstictus wallacei (Tweedd.). — On the foot of the Peak. (? ¥ . " Iris very pale

canary-yellow ; feet dull bluish with some sordid brownish scales, claws

bluish horn-colour; bill black."

39. lyngipicus temmimhi (Malh.). — Two males from 4000 feet. '• Iris dull crimson ;

feet dirty olive-green, claws pale brownish grey."

( 159 )

40. Eunjstomus orientnlis L. — A fomale, more like /'.'. orienfalis orientalis than

E. orientalis austraiis, but not quite topical , from the low country of

Bonthain.

41. TrichofflossHs ornatus (L.). — S and ?, not differing from each other, from 3000

and .^01)0 feet. " Iris salmon-colour ; feet dull irreenish. claws pale grey-

brown ; beak orange."

42. Ninox ptmctulata Quoy & Gaim. — Two females from the foot of the mountain.

" Iris deep chestnut." No bars above, only whitish spots, but these inclined

to be bar-like in one. This latter specimen has also one pure white feather

on the crown.

43. Spilornis rufipectus Gould. — At 4000 feet. ? not quite ad. "Iris ochreous:

feet deep ochreous orange."

44. Spilospizias trinotatus haesitandus Hart. — One ? juv., one ? ad., Bonthain,

1000 and 4000 feet. I am not aware that the young bird of the southern

form differs from that of Sp. trinotatus trinotatus, and the iiA.\\\i female sent

by Doherty does not show the characters of kaesitam/us very well, which is

after all a poor sirbspecies.

45. Tinnuncidus moluccensis oceidentalis Mey. & Wigl. — Three specimens from

6000 feet.

40. Malia grata Schleg. Three skins from 6000 feet. " Iris two shades of brown,

separated by a black line ; feet and claws dull ochreous brown ; beak

blackish, commissure and mandible dull ochreous." One evidently younger

bird is much duller below, the under tail-coverts brownish.

11. ON SOME BIRDS COLLECTED IN LOW COUNTRY NORTH OF

MAKASSAR IN JULY 1896.

Among half a hundred birdskins collected there are only a few which require

mention here, the majority belonging to very well known common species.

1. Trichostoma finscki Wald. — This species outnumbers all others sent: it must

therefore have been very common near Makassar.

2. Siphia rujigula (Wald.). — An adult male and an evidently adult /«;««&, without

any details on the labels. The male agrees with the description. The wing

measm-es 64 mm. The female closely resembles Siphia bonthaina, but

differs in the following points : —

(1) The wing is decidedly shorter, measuring only 57 mm.

(2) The upperside is not brownish olive, but ashy, with a faint brown tinge. The

edges to the wing-quills are paler and not so rufous.

(3) The rectrices and upper tail-coverts are not so chestnut rufous, but duller.

The tail does not show any rufous colour at all from below, while in

S. bonthaina it is distinctly so even from below.

(4) The tarsus is much shorter : 10 mm. (19 to 20 in S. bonthaina).

3. Oriolus celehensis meridionalis Hart. — Three skins, beautifully showing the

characters of this very well pronounced southern form.

4. Streptocitta albicollis (VieilL). — Several skins from the Chamba-Maros country

north of Makassar. Doherty says that " this bird seems to bo a mimic of

Gazzola typica, the two looking very much alike at a distance." It must

( 160 )

be admitted that the distribntion of the colours iu these two birds is

strikingly siniihir, bnt why should one mimic tlie other ?

5. Gazxola ti/pica Bp. — This interesting little crow, wliicli is still rare in collections,

and of which we know harcU)' anything but a few skins in collections, is said

by Doherty to be common enough north of Makassar and on Bonthain Peak,

although he sent us only one nude.

6. Alceao ispida inoluccana (Less.). — This is the proper nomenclature of this form,

which is generally called A. molneceiisis or .1. ispidoiiles. It is connected

with A. ispida bengaleTisi'i by intermediate forms. Doherty sent three

skins from Makassar. " Iris very deep brown ; feet bright orange, claws

blackish." Celebes specimens resemble entirely the typical Moluccan form.

7. Monachalci/oii capucinus Mey. & Wigl. — J/.c, Meyer & Wiglcsworth in Ahh. und

Ber. Mas. Dresden, 1896-97, No. 2, p. 12 (1896). The authors described their

species from one example, evidently an adult male, from Tonkean in the

Eastern Peninsula of Celebes. It is therefore of remarkable interest that

the same species shonld now turn uj) near Makassar. Not being cjnite sure

about the identity of the bird, I sent it to Mr. Wiglesworth, who kindly

compared it with the type in the Dresden Museum, and he found that the

differences between it and the tA-pe are just the same as those between the

sexes of J/, monachus. Of course males from Makassar a,xiA^ females from

Tonkean are still desirable for future investigations.* In our bird the crown

is greenish black ; a superciliary line, a few feathers on the forehead, all the

under parts (except the chin and throat, which are rufous white) and under

wing-coverts are rusty ochraceous ; the sides of the head and neck mixed

blackish green and ochraceous: upperside dull green, with a brownish rusty

tinge. Beak bright orange ; iris brownish grey; feet orange-brown. Beak

48 mm.; wing 147: tail 120: tars. 19.

8. Phlegoenas bimaculata Salvad. — An immature male of this rare bird was shot in

low country near Makassar. The purple-violet spots on the sides of the

upper nape are not developed, but just indicated ; the breast has some brown

feathers edged with rust-colour ; the ujiper wing-coverts have rusty edges.

" Iris deep chestnut ; feet reddish ; beak dull blackish."

9. Chalcophaps stephani Rchb. — From the neighbourhood of Makassar. The

distribution of this species is very j)eculiar.

10. Carpophaga paidi>ia (Temm.). — From Makassar. Exactly like specimens from

North Celebes.

11. Phoenicophaes ealorhjnchis meridionulis Mey. <fe Wigl. — Several skins from

Makassar are distinctly this subspecies.

12. Pyrrhocentor celebensis rufescens Mey. & AVigl. — Two skins, shot in the low

country north of Makassar, agree entirely with typical examples of

P. c. rufescens from Tonkean, while skins from Bonthain Peak (Nov. Zool.

III. p. 160) agree much more with P. celebensis celebensis from North

Celebes. This is difficult to understand, for the two forms seem tu be

distinct, unless the differences are due to age or season, which is not

probable, as the authors and I have seen large series of the northern form.

* See remarks under MnnachcUcyon wtynachvi intcrmrdius, described hereafter.

( 161 )

III. LIST OF BIRDS COLLECTED AT TAWAYA AND DONGALA, NORTH

AND SOUTH OF PALOS BAY, IN WEST CELEBES,

IN AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER 1896.

Althongli the species enumerated here are mostly more or less common, 1

thought it best to give a complete and critical list of all of them, as this must be of

interest for the details of the distribution of the Celebes birds, and as it is valuable

to know whether the northern or the southern forms are found north and south of

Palos Bay, since we know that so many of them are different. For the localities and

the nature of the country see Introduction, p. 154.

1. Geocichla erythronota Scl. — One mnlc and two females from Tawaya. " Iris

very deep brown ; feet slaty blue ; beak pale slate-colour ; tip and com-

missure whitish ; basal two-thirds of maxilla black. The same in both

sexes." 'Y\\^ females before me are smaller than the male (wing 110 — 112

against 120 in the male), the beak shorter, but otherwise there is no material

difference between the sexes. This rare thrush was originally described

from Makassar.

2. Pratincola caprata (L.). — Old and young birds from Tawaya.

3. Trickostoma (Tiirrlinus) celebetise (Stvickl.). — Dongala and Tawaya. "Iris dull

orange ; feet dark brown ; beak black : mandible greyish horn-colour." It

is this northern form, and not T. finschi of South Celebes, which is found near

Palos Bay.

4. Acmonorki/nchiis aureolimbatus (Wall.). — Tawaya and Dongala.

5. Dicaeum celehicum. Miill. k Schleg. — Tawaya and Dongala.

6. Cinni/ris frenata mei/eri Hart. — From Dongala (and also from Gorontalo). The

Dongala birds agree fully with typical C.f. metjeri Hart, (see antea, p. 156)

from Menado.

7. Cinnyris porphyrolaema (Wall.). — Dongala.

8. Aetliopy(jaJla):ostriata {W&W). — One skin, marked ?, in the plumage of the

bird described and figured as Ae. beccarii by Salvadori.

9. Antkreptes malaccensis celebensis (Shell.). — Tawaya and Dongala.

10. Zosterops atrifrons Wall. — Tawaya. Specimen agreeing with one from

Gorontalo.

11. Zosterops intermedia Wall. — Specimens from Tawaya, agreeing with those of

South Celebes.

1 2. Cisticola exilis (Vig. & Horsf.). — Tawaya.

1 3. Munia atricapilla brunneiceps ( Wald.). — Tawaya and Dongala,

14. Muuia subcastanea sp. nov.

Munia speciei J/, pallida nominatae similis, sed abdomine subcandalibnsqne

brunneo-castaneis, concoloribus, pallio saturatiore, nigricautiore.

Hab. Celebes, circnm sinum Palos.

Three skins, two males and oiw. female, of a Munia from Dongala and Tawaya

are unlike any other species. They are of the size and general appearance of Munia

pallida Wall., but differ considerably.

Top of the head whitish, washed with pale ashy brown ; iuterscapulium, back,

wings, and wing-coverts deep ashy brown ; rump and upper tail-coverts troldeu

11

( lfi2 )

maroon ; rectrices deep brown, with brownish golden edges ; sides of head iind

neck, chin, throat, and chest white, with a faint pearly greyish tinge ; breast,

abdomen, and nndor tail-coverts deep brownisli chestnut, nnder wing-coverts a little

jmler. "Iris diu'k brown ; feet blackish : beak bluish grey; commissure corneous."

L. t. ca. 100 mm., a. 51 — 54, c. 40, t. 14, r. 9.

The skin marked " ? " is like those of tlie tnales, but the rnmp, upper tail-

coverts, and edges of central rectrices lighter and more yellowish.

So little did I expect a new Munia at Palos Bay, that I had tlie skins in the

Museum for several months before I paid any attention to them.

15. Scissirostrum duhium (Lath.) — Tawaya.

16. Dicrurus leucops Wall. — Uongala. " Iris white ; feet and beak black."

1". Oriolus celebensis (y^aXA.). — A number of orioles from Tawaya and Dongala

belong to the northern form 0. celeben»is celebensis, and not to ('. c. meri-

dionalis. The black band is always more or less conspicuonsly interrupted

on the nape and narrower than in 0. c. meridionalis, in which it is broader

and quite continuous.

18. Streptocitta tortjuata (Temm.). — Dongala. "Iris very dark brown; feet and

beak black." Again the northern and not the southern species. The throat

of the one male is mixed black and white. I see an occasional white feather

on the throat in many specimens in the Tring Museum ; but I do not know

whether this is, as I think, due to immaturity.

19. Gratica Im leucopi/gius Bi^. i ?, Dongala. ?. " Iris yellowish white ; feet and

beak black."

'10. Aita?nides bicolor (Terma.). — cJ ?, Tawaya. <S . " Iris dark umber: feet black;

bill pale blue ; commissure darker." $. "Iris dark umber; feet blackish;

bill pale blue ; commissure paler."

21. Vohocivora morio (S. Mull.). — Two adult, or nearly adult, males and two fully

»,A\\\t females from Tawaya. The two females are rufous below, narrowly

barred with black from the chin to the under tail-coverts, the latter only

liaving some narrow irregular bars at the bases, being quite uniform towards

the tips ; under wing-coverts narrowly barred with black. A female

from Indrulaman (Nov. Zool. III. p. 156) (? probably immature) is very

much paler below, being only in the middle of the abdomen buff or rather

pale rusty rufous ; the under wing-coverts with a few not very conspicuous

bars ; the under tail-coverts much paler than in those from Tawaya.

Another specimen (marked female) is evidently immature, and apparently

closely resembles the one described in Ahh. und Ber. Mus. Dresden, 1896,

p. 10, from South- West Celebes. Males from South Celebes do not seem

to differ materially from northern examples, tliough I have not seen such a

black one from the south ; but that is merely a sign of age. The males from

Tawaya do not seem to differ from northern males. J. " Iris deep chestnut;

feet black, soles whitish; bill black." ? . Bare parts as in 6.

22. Lnlage leucopygialis Wald. — S ? , Tawaya.

23. Ihjpothymis puella QS^W.). — Several wafci from Tawaya. " Iris chestnut; feet

dark blue ; beak blue, tip black."

24. Ger>jgonefla>:eola Cab. — Dongala and Tawaya. " Iris crimson or red-brown :

beak black : in one, evidently younger, bird the base of the mandible is

pale." It is possible that the study of a series of good skins from Saleyer

( 163 )

will result in the snbspecific separation of that form. "While the wings of

six Celebes skins before me are from 51 to Tio mm. in length (the femnles

not alwa.ys smaller, unless there are wrongly se.xecl birds among them), the

wings of the two Saleyer birds (see Nov. Zool. 111. p. 171) are -19 to oO mm.

long, and they are slightly paler, though this latter character is probably

due to their being in old plumage.

2.5. Pitta celebeiisis Forsten. — Seven skins from Tawaya. Some are adult birds,

some in the spotted plumage of the young, with some red feathers just

appearing. " Iris of old birds very dark chestnut or deep brown, of young

ones deep greyish umber; legs of a somewhat silvery grey; beak black."

I consider the interesting P. jxdliceps as merely a subspecies.

26. Gaprimulgus affjnis Horsf. — c? in moult and ? from Tawaya.