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1

NOVITATES ZOOLOGIGAE.

Vol. YII., 1900.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE

H Jouvnal of Eooloi3\>

IN CONNECTION WITH THE TRING MUSKl'M.

KDITED BY

The Hon. WALTEE EOTHSCHILD, Ph.D.,

EENST HAETEET, and Dr. K. JOEDAN.

Vol. VII., 1900.

(WITH TWELVE PLATES.)

Issued at the Zoological Museum, Thing.

TRIKTED BY HAZELL, W.iTSO>'. >t VINEY, Ld., LOSDOS" AND AYLES^BURY.

1900.

CONTENTS OF VOLUME VII.

GENERAL SUBJECTS.

(Cf. pp. 1, 12, 25, 54, 55, 244.)

MAMMALIA.

PAGES

1. On a New Race of Ibex. Walter Rothschild. (Plate II.) .... 277

2. On a New Species of Monkey (Cercocehm chri/soijaster). R. Lydekker.

(Plate III.) 279

3. The Red Flying Sijuirrel of the Natuna Islands. Oldfield Tikjmas . . 592

4. On two Mangaljey-like Monkeys. R. Ltdekker 593 — 59()

AVES.

1. The Birds of Ruk in the Central Carolines. Ekx.st IIarteut . . 1 — 11

2. The Birds of Dammer Lslaud in the Banda Sea. Ernst Hartekt . . 12 24

3. Another small Contribution to African Ornithology. Ernst IIarteht . 25 53

( vi )

PAGES

4. The Birds of Biiiu. Ernst Harteht. (rh.lelV.) 2:iG— 242

5. On Turacus chalcolophiis Neumann. Ernst Uartert. (Plato I.) . 278—270

C. On the Diids of Southern Arabui. W. K. Ooilvie-Grast. (Pkle X.) . 213—273

7 Additions to tho List of Ijirds of Southern Arabia. W. K. Ogilvie-Grant . 591

8. Miscellaneous Notes on Palaearctic Birds. Ernst IIartert , . . 325—534

9. Ueber die Gattung Polioptila. C. E. Hellmatr 535—538

10. On the Genus Scaeorhijachas. Ernst Hartert 548

11. List of a, Colleetion of Bii-ds from the Lingga Islands. Ernst Hartert. 549 — 550

12. The Birds of the Banda Islands. Ernst Hartert 551 — 554

LEPIDOPTERA.

1. Description of (he hitherto unknown Female of (Joielus mlrahilis. Walter

ROTHSCUILD 24

2. Description of New Species of Butterflies from Milne Bay, British New Guinea.

11. Grose-S.mitii 86 — 89

3. New (ienera and Species of 'I'hyrididae and Geometrukie from Africii.

W. Warren 90-97

4. New Genera and Species of Drcpamdldac, Thyrldidae, Epiplemid<ie and Geo-

melridae from the Indo- Australian and Palaearctic Regions. W. Warren

98-110

5. New Genera and Species of American Drepanulidae, Tltyrididue, Epipleinidae

and Geometridae. W. Warren ........ 117 — 225

G. On some New or recently described Lepidoptera. Walter Botiischild.

(Plate V.) 274—276

( vii )

PAGES

7. A Monograph of Charaxi>s ami the Allied Prionopterous Genera. (Plates VI.,

VII., \in., XI , XII.) (Continued from Vol. VI.) . . . 281—524

8. De.scriptions of New African Species of Aa-aeinae. II. Grose-Ssiitii . . 544 — 547

9. The Lepidoptera of Burn. W. J. Holland: —

Part I. Rhopalocora 54 — 85

Part II. Hetei-ocera 555—591

SIPHONAPTERA.

1. Notes on Pulex avium. N. C. PlOthschild. (Plate IX.) . . . 5.39 — 543

LIST OF PLATES IN VOLUME VII.

Plate T. Tiinicus c/iakohphns Neum. (African Plaintainoater. ITand-coloured plate

from one of the typical specimens by J. G. Keulemans )

., II. Cap-a sibirica li/dekkeri riotliscli. (1 land-coloured plate from the type

specimen by J. Smit.)

III. Cercoceliux chri/sogaster Lyd. (A new mangabey-like Monkey. Hand-

colonred plate from the typo by J. Smit.)

I^'. Hand-coloured plate by 3. G. Kculimans of three Birds, from the typo

specimens : }[ij-,omela tdhl.yu.la Hart. J from Ecssel I. (cf. Nov. Zool.

VI., p. 79); Knjthrmw/ias huruensis Hart. ^, and OeocicMa diimasi

Eothsch. (J, from Burn. (The iinder-surface of the Erijlln-diiii/ias is,

thi'ongh a fault of the <olourist, too yellowi>h in some copies of the

plate!)

,, V. Seven species of J.epidoplera. (See explan.ation of Plate V. Hand-coloured

plate by W. Piirkiss.)

„ VI. .

'-Photocraphie plates of Cluirayes. (See explanation opposite to plates.)

„ VJI. J

,. VIII. Genital armature of various forms of Clifi-mxes. K. Jordan del. (See

explanation.)

„ IX. Morphological details of various species of Ceratophyllus. K. Jordan del.

(See explanation.)

,, X. Lithographic map of Southern Araliia, showing tho routes taken by the

Pereival-Dodson expedition.

,, ^^ I. I Colour-typo plates of various I'/iuraxes. By Karl Jlcntschcl. (Photo-

„ XII. J graphed from nature.)

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE.

Vol. Vn. MAECH, 1900. No. 1.

THE BIRDS OF EUK IN THE CENTRAL CAROLINES.

ERRATA.

Page 26, line 18, /w " Corythaeala " read Corythaeola.

35, line 7 from the top, for " Melitta " read MeUttophagiis.

41, line 3 from the bottom, /or " Lagonostica " read Lagonosticta.

339, line 3 from the top, fm- " Copsychus salamis " read Copsychus saularis.

357, line Vi, for " Philagnoma " read Fhiloguoma.

534, line 1 4, for " Lyons " read Lyon.

541, line 3 from the bottom, for " Columba oeneas " read Coloiuba oenas.

spoudent, Mr. Alan Owstou, in Yokohama, who collected so successfully on Guam

and Saipan in the Marianne Islands,* proceeded to Rnk and' sent a large collection

to Tring.

The most important feature of this collection is the new Tephras (No. 3),

and the very fine series of nests and eggs of nearly all the species inhabiting

the island.

The notes on the colours of the soft parts are all given from Ridgway's

Nomenclature of Colours, and we may say that we have found them most

accurate. The nests and eggs were also labelled with the greatest care and

accuracy. Out of many hundreds of nests and eggs in the two collections we

could not trace one error, and had only one doubtful egg of a Tern, which is not

mentioned in either list.

To enable a reader of this article to inform himself of the entire bibliography

on the species, I have to all the species added the no. and jtage of Wiglesworth's

* Cf. Nov. ZooL. V. p. 51.

1

(2)

most accurate and useful work Acea Polf/ncsiae, in AUiamll. (f- lierii-hte Aftis.

Dresden 1891.

The literature on the birds of Enk Island is tlins briefly summarized :—

1853 : Hombron and Jacquinot in V„!/. POle Su<l. Alla.^, Jacquinot & Paoh, Zonl. v. III.

1880 : Finsoh, P. Z. .S. pp. 574-77 (Birds of Ruk).

1891 : Wiglesworth, Avea Pnhjnesiae p. VII. (List of Caroline Birds).

1897 : Hartcrt, BnU. B. O. Club VII. p. 5 {Tephro.-: riil.i).

1899 : Nehrkorn, Kalalog d. Elers. (Descr. of some Eggs).

1. Myzomela rubratra (Less.) (Wiglesworth No. 131, ]). :il).

Evidently very nnmerons on Ruk Island. Its native name is " yite/mfjal."

" Bill black (PI. II. fis. 1, Ridgway's Xo/nencl. Col.) ; iris bnrnt umber (Ridgway

III. 8) ; legs and toes slate-grey (II. 5) ; claws black."

Nov. ZooL. V. p. ■>■), I have said thut females differ from the /mi/es not (inly

ill size, but also in having olive-brown wings and greenish olive edges to the

remiges. I find now, however, that these are characters of immature femoles

only, and that the fully adult female differs from the male only in its smaller

size, and generally in a somewhat more restricted extent of the red on the back

iuid abdomen.

Many nests were found from the end of Jlay to Jnly, and (inc in JIarc.h.

The nests and eggs are described in Nov. Zool. V. p. 56. On (inam they were

collected in January, Febrnary, and March.

~. Zosterops semperi owstoni subsp. nov. (Wiglesworth No. 183, p. :iT, /w/-^m I).

The greenish Zosterops of Ruk, hitherto united with typical Z. semperi from

the Pelew Islands, is, in fact, different. As all the land-birds of Ruk, except

the widespread Mi/zomela riibrata, are more or less different from those of the

Pelew Islands, this is not at all remarkable. The differences, however, are so

slight, that I prefer to regard them as representative forms of one species, and

to designate the Ruk form as above, as a compliment to Mr. Alan Owston, of

Yokohama, who organized the collecting expedition to the Marianne nnd Cavoliiie

Islands tor Mr. Rothschild.

Z. semperi owstoni differs from Z. semperi semperi in the following characters :

The colonration of the upperside is less yellowish, but more green. The ear-coverts

are more olive-greenish than in Z. semperi semperi, where they are paler and

more yellowish. The spot on the lores and under the fore part of the eye, which

is indistinct and dnsky, is pnre black and more distinct. The whitish edge on

the inner web of the outer rectrices is less developed. The ujiper bill, which is

horn-brown in Z. semperi semperi, is black. We have received a large series

from Ruk, which I have compared with three Pelew specimens, kindly lent by

the authorities of the Liverpool Museum, and two in the Tring Museum, collected

by the late Mr. Kubary. The collectors have marked the up])er bill as " pure

black, iris raw-sienna (Ridgway V. 2) ; feet pale slate colour." The native name

is " Nikikitebu."

Nests with single eggs were found from May to July. They were j)laced in

various heights, bnt generally between four and eight feet high, in various bushes

and trees. They are very neatly woven of fine halms and fibres, and outside nicely

ornamented with cobwebs and white cocoons or wool. Some lianu: in ihi' fork of a

(3)

twig, exactly like an Oriole's nest. The eggs are pale blue, like all Zosterops eggs,

and measure : 17-.5 : 12-8, 17-7 : 12-5, 18 : 12, 16-5 : 12, 170 : 13, 17 : 12-3 mm.

Zosterops conspicillata of Guam lays generally two and even three eggs.

The fact that so many Passeres on the Pacific Islands lay only one egg is com-

mented on by Wiglesworth in " Aves Polynesiae " p. V., where this noticeable fact is

explained as a " remarkable preventative of a too rapid multiplication."

3. Tephras ruki Hart. {Bull. B.O. Club v. VII. p. ."), October 1807).

Entirely sepia-brown, a shade darker on the crown, the outer edges of the

inner webs of the remiges and the under wiug-coverts paler, the former inclining

to whitish ; the primaries darker, almost black, their outer webs bordered with

the colour of the back. No complete white ring, bnt a narrow semi-ring round

the eye, only visible in well-skinned specimens. Bill black, legs and feet light

orange-rufous ; claws brown, iris poppy-red. Total length about 135 — 148 mm. ;

wing 78 — 83, tail o2 — 53, bill 15—17, culmen from forehead 21, metatarsus 21.

The sexes do not seem to differ, unless ih.e female is a little smaller than the male.

The native name is " Nikildon."

Only eight specimens were obtained in November and December. It is most

peculiar that the late J. Kubary, who was an excellent collector, and who spent

more than fourteen months on link, did not obtain this bird. It is probably not

numerous, and occurs only on a certain secluded spot not visited by Kubary.

I have provisionally accepted Hartlanb's generic term Tephras, because I think

this group may with advantage be separated from the host of Zosterops.

T. Jinschi, the type of Tephras, and T. ruki agree and differ from typical

Zosterops in the following characters : — the first primary, which in typical

Zosterops is quite reduced and not visible from below, is well developed and

visible from below (7 mm. in T. Jin.ichi, 10 — 11 in T. ruki), the bill is longer,

the feet (especially in T. ruki) very strong, the colouration almost uniform brown.

I do not know if Zosterops cinerea and Z. poiuipensis belong to this same group,

bnt I doubt it, because (judging from the figures) they have the typical Zosteropine

bill, although in the style of colouration they are like Tephras.

T. Jinschi differs from T. ruki in its much smaller size and lighter under-

surface.

4. Acrocephalus (Tatare of many authors') syrinx (Kittl.).

(Wiglesworth No. 209, p. 41).

We have received a large number of specimens. Females do not differ from

males, except in being slightly smaller : wings of males average 80 — 81 mm., of

females 76 — 77 mm. Young birds do not differ from adults, except in being

somewhat lighter and more yellowish. In November, especially in the latter

half of this month, a good many were in moult. " Iris mars-brown (Ridgway

III. 13) ; upper bill brownish slate-colour, lower cream-colour. Legs and toes

dark grey. Length in the flesh about 6-7 inches."

Many nests, most of them containing one fresh egg, some two, were found

from the end of May to the beginning of July. They stand on bread-fruit,

cocoanut-palm, and ivory-palm trees, and in bushes, in a lieight from about

7 to 20 feet. The nests are strongly woven together and constructed of dry

grass, fibres of cocoannt palms and other fibres, dry leaves and similar material.

(4)

and form a very deep cnp, like nests of other Heed-warblers. They are, however,

evidently Dot hanging up on reeds or twigs, like those of onr Acrocephali.

The eggs are white, covered with darker and lighter brown patches and smaller

spots, and underlying ashy grey or lavender-grey spots. These spots are generally

thicker near the broad end, sometimes forming a loose ring, and they are some-

times eqnallv spread over the whole surface. Four dozens measure: 24:15-7,

23:16, 25-2": 18, 21-5: 10-2, 22o : lo-9, 21-5: 16-2, 2]-5:10-l, 21-o : 15-7, 24:15,

22-5: 16-4, 23:16, 22:15-1, 22-5:15-7, 22:16, 23:16, 225 : 16-5, 22-5:16-6,

22-5: 15-5, 22:16, 205:17, 21:161, 22:16-1, 20-7:161, 23:15-6, 22:21-5,

23 : 16, 21-6 : 16.3 mm., and so on. Nehrkorn, Kat. Eiersamml., p. 33, gives

21 — 23 : 15 mm., and mentions the whitish (instead of greenish) ground-colour.

5. Metabolus rugensis Hombr. & Jacq.

(Wiglesworth No. 71, p. 19 ; Cat. B. Brit. Mus. IV. p. 238 ; Finsch,

P.Z.S. 1880 p. 575.)

The extraordinary sexual dimorphism in the colouration of this bird, and the

colour of their young has not been fully understood. In the Catalogue of Birds

(IV. p. 238), the adult 7nale is correctly described as white with black throat

and forehead, and partly blackish shafts to the rectrices and remiges. The adult

female, however, is not correctly described in that work. What is described there

as the adult female is evidently a young female changing to the adult dress.

The admixture of white on the abdomen and under tail-coverts in that description

is somewhat peculiar, but the description is made from Hombron and .Jacquinot's

figure, in which the white is accidental or an addition of the artist. The aAwM female

is quite sooty black all over. This was evidently known to Dr. Finsch, for {P.Z.S.

1880 p. 575) he says : " Young females change from the cinnamon into the black

garb." This same author, however, was of opinion that the adult male changes

into a sooty black plumage in August, while in July they are still in full white

dress. He says, after describing the adult male : " In August the same birds

are of a uniform dull sooty black." Such is not the case, but the black birds

are the adult females only, while young birds are of a cinnamon colour, paler

and almost white below. E.Kamples changing from the cinnamon dress to both

the white of the adult male and the black of the adult female, were obtained in

December, bnt some also in November and January, and one in June.

The plumages of this bird may thus be briefly diagnosed :

White with black throat and forehead : cj ad.

Uniform sooty black : ? ad.

Cinnamon : S and ? juv.

Mixed cinnamon and white : S hab. trans.

Mixed cinnamon and black : ? hab. trans.

The birds in transitional plumages are remarkable in many ways. Although

they are, of course, passing through a moult, there are males in evidently cleanly

moulted jilnmage with a great amount of cinnamon to the feathers, especially their

tips and outer webs. The question now arises, and cannot be settled by me at

present, whether these individuals retain this cinnamon colour until the next

moult, or whether it is lost before— in the latter case we would have to accept

a change of colouration without moult. I may remark that the usual abrasion

cannot produce this change, as there is too much cinnamon in the plumage. In

( 5 )

an evident young female (though not sexed) the tail consists of some abraded old

cinnamon feathers, and of the fresh sprouting feathers some are black, others

side by side with the black, cinnamon, and some mixed black and cinnamon. This

same specimen has mixed feathers on many parts of its body and wings, while

sprouting remiges are sooty black.

Some of the adult males have the black tips to the wings more extended ^

while in others they are nearly quite absent. Two adult females have single

tail-feathers pure white or irregularly marked with white, and one has a quite

white chin, while most examples have only three to sis tiny chin-feathers white.

The adult male and female have the bill and feet slaty grey, the iris clove-

brown. The young have the base of the lower bill yellowish. The local name

is "Ouaf" or " Uaf," and from the natives having the same name for all the

plumages it is evident that they are aware of their history.

The species is apparently only to be found on Ruk Island. Its song is

strong and pleasant.

Two nests were found on June 1st and 4th, both twenty feet high, on bread-

fruit trees. A third was taken on June 12th on a " Chiiya" tree. The nests are

built of dry palms, of fibres and grass, with a few decomposed leaves and rootlets,

and each contains one single egg only. According to Finsch (Proc. Zool. Soc,

1880, p. 57.5) Kubary found either one or two eggs. The eggs are cream-coloured,

speckled with brownish red, more frequently and often very thickly on the large

end, and with some deeper lying pale purplish grey patches, and one has some

very fine black lines on the large end.

The eggs measure : 256 : 18-4, 26-5 : 18-6, and 26-i3 : 10-.5 mm. The shape

is that of shrikes' eggs.

A very good figure of the egg is given on pi. I., fig. 5, in Nehrkorn's " Kataloij

der Eiersammluny ^''

(j. Myiagra oceanica Jacq. & Pach.

(AViglesworth No. 101 p. 2:5.) (Nehrkoru, Kat. Eiersamml. p. 30, Egg I)

Very numerous on Ruk Island. The female difi"ers from the adult incile in

having the crown not steel-blue, but dark grey, with a faint steel-blue gloss,

and in being very little smaller — the wing perhaps two or tliree millimetres shorter.

" The iris is seal-brown (Ridgway pi. III. 1) ; the upper bill blue-black, with a

pale plnmbeous streak near the cutting-edge ; lower bOl dark plumbeous ; legs

and toes blackish slate-colour." Native name on Ruk " Koi-Koi."

A good many nests were found from March to July, but chiefly in June.

They contained all one egg only, but one had two, of which, however, one was

broken by the finder. The nests are neatly and strongly woven, beautifully round

and somewhat flat. The bottom is thick, but the walls thiu. They are composed

of fibres and rootlets, and outside are more or less ornamented, with pale greyish

green lichens and cobwebs, some very beautifully. They are placed on l)read-frnit

and other trees, about seven to twenty feet from the ground. The eggs are pale

greenish or brownish white, not much pointed, generally marked with a wide belt

round the middle, closely resembling many shrikes' eggs. The spotting is generally

reddish brown, but sometimes of a paler brown, often spread all over the egg, and

there is nearly always some lavender-grey or ashy grey colour in the form ot

underlying patches and spots. Some eggs are white with only a few small brown

( 6 )

spots. The eggs measure: 21:16, •>! : 15-8, 21:10, 21-5 : 15-G, 22-1 : 163,

21 : 16, 20 : 15, 2(Jo : 150, 20 : 15, 21 : 15-5, 21 : 16, 21 : 16-1, 20 : 15-6, 20 : 15-1,

21-5 : 10-1. 2(i-r) : 101, 20-5 : 14-8, 20 : 10-2. 2I>1 : 14"), 20 : 15-5, 21 : 10 mm.

T. Aplonis kittlitzi Fiuscli & Hartl.

(Cf. Nov. ZoOL. V. p. 58.) (Wiglesworth No. 239 p. 44.)

Common. " Iris deep yellow ; bill aud feet black." The natives seem to

believe that the striped, immature birds are belonging to a different species, aa

they call — according to onr collectors — the uniform glossy black birds " Aga,"

the striped ones " Boei."

Numerous nests were found from May to July and one in March, all in holes

of trees, in various heights from four to nearly twenty feet. The clutches consisted

of one, two, and three eggs. The eggs vary much in size and shape, but are

always similar to other spotted Starlings' eggs. Most of them are light bine,

marked witli rufous brown and lavender-grey or purplish grey. One is very pale,

almost white, aud is at the same time the smallest, measuring only 28'3 : 20-3 mm.

The two largest eggs from Ruk measure: 31-5:22 and 33-5:22 mm.

8. Erjrthrura trichroa (Kittl.).

Fringilla trichroa, Kittlitz in Mem. Acad. Petersb. 1835. 8 pi. 10 ; Salvadori, Oni. Papvas. e Moluc.

n. p. 442 (1881) (parlim !) ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. XUI. p. 385 (^partim !) ; Wiglesworth

No. 220 p. 42 (Carolines only !).

Erythrura glauca (sjiec. ix spirit !), Finsch in J. M. Godeffroy 1876, XII. p. 35.

We have received a large series from Kuk Island. The local name is

"Lugopal." "Iris seal-brown (Ridgway III. 1); bill black; legs and toes wood-

brown ; claws paler brown." Specimens shot in November are mostly in moult.

The somewhat remarkable distribution attributed to Enjthrura trichroa— •<r\z.,

Carolines, Northern Moluccas, New Guinea, and Solomon Islands— led Mr. Rothschild

and me to study this species more closely, and wc found that it is separable into

a number of geographical forms :

a. Erythrura trichroa trichroa (Kittl.).

Carolines : Kushai, Ponape, and Ruk. Wc have not been able to examine

skins from Kushai, but those from Ponape aud Ruk are perfectly alike, aud the

description and figure of the types from Kushai agree entirely with them.

These birds are of a dark green, the under wing-coverts are generally

washed with greyish-brown, the wing does not exceed 60 mm. in length, being

56 — 60 mm. long.

h. Erythrura trichroa modesta Wall.

Wallace in Froc. Zool. Soc. Loyid. 1802 p. 351.

Moluccas : Batjan, Ternate, Halmahera. Specimens from the three islands

iu the Tring Museum. Generally of a less deep and more yellowish green, especially

on the underside. The under wing-coverts are clear buff, without the greyish

wash so frequent in E. trichroa trichroa. The wing is always over 60 mm. long,

reaching from 62 — 05 mm.

(7)

c. Erythrura trichroa papuana subsp. nov.

Differs chiefly in its larger size. The beak is mach thicker than in the

allied forms, the wing iu one male from Arfak is fnlly 07 mm. long. The colour

is of a deep green. The bine on the head in the one male before us occupies

practically the entire crown of the head, while in forms a and b it does not reach

beyond the hinder margin of the eyelids in the middle of the crown. Salvadori,

Oni. Papuas. c Mol. II. p. 442, has already mentioned the large size of an

Arfak specimen, and the less intensely green colour of the Moluccan skins.

tl. Erythrura trichroa woodfordi subsp. nov.

Solomon Islands: iVola, on Guadalcanar. Sharpe (Cat. B. Biit. Mas. XIII.

p. 380) has remarked that the bine frontal band is narrower, and that they are

" otherwise identical with those from Ternate." They are indeed as yellowish

green as Ternate ones, and the bill is not as thick as in those from Arfak. The

wing of two females in the Tring Museum is 03—64 mm. long. This form is

certainly not our form c, bnt very near to form h, from which it seems merely

to difier in a narrower frontal band, and perhaps a somewhat longer wing.

e. Erythrura trichroa cyanifrons E. L. Layard.

Ann. and Mag. Xat. Hist. (5), I. p. 374 (l.s78) ; Wiglesworth No. 216 p. 42.

New Hebrides : Tauna, Erromango. Differs in its much smaller size from

forms a, b, c, d. In colouration it is like a ; wing 54 — 55 mm.

Kr. trichroa was frequently found nesting on Ruk Island in March, May,

iiud June. The nests are large and very loose structures with a big opening on

the side, so that the eggs are easily seen in the nest. The nests are placed on

banana-trees and bushes. The eggs are three to five in number, of a glossless

white, and measure : 17 : 13, 17-6 : 13, 15o : 12, 16-3 : 12-2, 16 : 13-5, 16-8 : 12-3,

10"1:12-1, 161 : 13-5 mm., and so on. Nehrkorn, Kat. Eiersammlitng, gives

17 : 13 mm.

0. Urodynamis taitiensis (Sparrm.) (Wiglesworth No. 47, p. 11).

Ruk, 1. 7. Is90. Local name: " Nikiyap." Only this one specimen was

obtained.

10. Ptilinopus ponapensis Finsch. (Wiglesworth No. 261, p. 50).

Very common. Local name : " Ute-ute." " Colour of bill light apple-green ;

iris between cadmium yellow and chrome yellow (Ridgway PI. VI. figures

6 and 8) ; feet light chrome-yellow ; claws blackish slate." The sexes of the

adult bird are perfectly alike, only the female has the wing generally 2 or

3 mm. shorter. In the first plumage of the young bird the feathers of the

upper and underside, and especially those of the wing-coverts, are tipped with

yellow; head and neck uniform dark green. In the next stage the plumage

is like that of the adult bird, except that the crown is still green and the

hind-neck more greenish.

I have not seen sufficient material from Ponape to say with certainty that

( 8 )

l)irds from Ruk and Ponap6 are entirely tlie suuu', but Finsch ami other antliorities

inform us that they are the same.

Open nests on boughs of large trees were found in May and June. They

contained two eggs, measuring 33 : ^3, 33-5 : 23-5, 33 : 23, 33-3 : 22, 33 : 232 mm-

They are all remarkably pointed on one end, the narrowed point being very

short.

1 1 . Carpophaga oceanica (Less.).

(Wiglesworth No. 206 p. .52 ; (jlobicera oceanica, Salvailori, (''at. B.

Brit. Mas. XXI. p. 170).

Common on Rnk. Local name: " Muranoniloy." "Colour of bill blackish

slate-colour ; iris carmine ; feet light rose-red, claws black." This species differs

widely from C. pacijica in its chestnut abdomen and thighs. One specimen

(adnlt male) has a wide light chestnut bar to the tip of the tail, and most of

the feathers of the uj)perside tipped or edged or overspread with chestnut, some

others show the same peculiarity in a lesser degree. A young bird {fcmaU) has

the crown and hind-neck much darker than the adult ones, and the abdomen

washed and spotted with blackish brown.

12. Phlegoenas kubaryi Finsch. (Wiglesworth No. 28-1 p. .55.)

■\Vhile we received a great number of the Ptili7ioptis, only eight of this fine

pigeon were sent. The: female is a little smaller than the male. " Colour of bill

blackish slate-colour ; iris seal-brown ; legs and toes dark ]>ink ; claws mouse-

grey."' The local name is " Sleep."

I have no Ponapfi specimens to compare, but specimens fiom Rnk and Ponape

are said to be alike.

Phlegoenas hiharyi differs at a glance from P. xanthonura (= pampiisan =

tirgo, cf. Nov. Zool. V. p. CO) in having a slate-coloured hind-neck and posterior

part of the crown, but, as young P. xanthonura also have a slaty brown hind-neck

and posterior part of crown, the young of P. xanthonura is very near to a dull

kubaryi, and the two forms might perhaps better be considered to be subspecies

only.

13. Numenius phaeopus variegatus (Scop.). (Wiglesworth No. 333 p. 06.)

One pair shot ou Jlay 5th. {N. phaeopus of Finsch in Proc. Zool. Soc.

1880 p. 570.)

14. Limosa lapponica novaezealandiae (Gray). (Wiglesworth No. 332 p. 06).

One male, October 18th.

15. Totanus incanus (Gm.) (Wiglesworth No. 32'J p. 65).

Obtained in February and October. One adnlt female shot June 15th, 18'J5,

with a wing fully 181 mm. in length.

Hi. Heteropygia acuminata (Horsf) (Wiglesworth No. 327 p. 64.)

Not rare in February and early in March. Local name : •' Klyn."

( 9)

IT. Charadrius Mvus (Gm.) (Wiglesworth No. 322 p. (33).

Common on February Otli.

18. Aegialitis mongolus (Pall.).

One female, February 8th, 18iHi. Local name: " Klyn." Not mentioned by

Wiglesworth and Finsch.

19. Squatarola squatarola (L.)

One /email', Rnk, January 20th, 1890. Not mentioned by Wiglesworth and

Finsch.

20. Strepsilas interpres (L.) (Wiglesworth No. 320 p. G3.)

Common in February and March.

21. Poliolimnas cinereus (Vieill.) (Wiglesworth No. 312 p. 01.)

Five specimens sent from Rnk. The local name is " Iliilinebon." (Nov-

ZoOL. V. J). 64).

Two nests were found on the swampy ground among the reeds, one con-

taining four, the other three eggs. The eggs are pale buff, or cream-colour,

.speckled all over with brownish rufous, more frequently near the broad end. In

some eggs these spots are larger, in others minute, and there are often some

underlying pale purplish grey spots. If held against the light the eggs shine

through very pale greenish yellow. They measure : 32 :22-8, 3M : 23.1, 33:23.5,

30-3 : 22-4, 30-2 : 235, 31 : 233 mm.

22. Micranous leucocapillus (Gould).

(Wiglesworth No. 3T0 p. 77, sub nomine sinous melanogenys .)

Haifa dozen specimens were shot in November. Local name, " Pohlicki."

23. Anous stolidus pileatus (Scop.) (.1. stolklus, Wiglesworth No. 375, p. 76).

Lepetit Fouquet des Philqqiiiies, Sonnerat, Voyage a hi Nouv. Guinee p. 125, pi. 85 (1776).

Stemct pileaki, Scopoli, Dtl. Faiiii. el Flor. Insuhr. II. p. 92, no. 73, ex Sonnerat (178G).

Stermi philippina, Latham, Iiul. Oni. II. p. 805, ex Sonnerat (1790).

Annus rotis'ieaui, Hartl. Beitr. Oni, Madagoiicar, p. 8*i (1861).

Amuxfmtei; Cones in Pmc. Acad. Philad. 1862 p. 558 (South Pacific).

Anous stolidus rousscaui, Ridgway in Proc. U.S. Nat. Mns. XIX. pp. 645, 646.

Messrs. Cones and llidgway are perfectly correct in separating the Noddy of

the Pacific from that of the Atlantic Ocean. The tail of A. s. pileatus is longer

and more graduated than that of .1. 3. stolidus, the pileum more greyish and

never so whitish, the general colouration more sooty and not so brown, the wing

generally longer. There is, however, no donbt that Sterna pileata is the oldest

term for this form, and that also Sterna pldlippina applies to it. Both these

names are based on the ^' Petit Fouquet des Philippines" of Sonnerat, who

distinctly describes (and figures rather badly) a white-crowned Noddy. The facts,

that only Anous stolidus and not Micranous leucocapillus is known to frequent

the Philippines, and that Sonnerat describes the size of his bird as twice that

( 10 )

of Sterna anaetheta, and that he calls the bill curved, force ns to accept his name

for the Pacific form of the Anons atolidns.

For waut of better knowledge 1 follow Kidgway iu uniting the form from

Madagascar and the southern Indian Ocean with the Pacific one, but I agree with

Ridgway that a furtlier subdivision may in fntnre be necessary, and I think specially

that it is likely that the Red Sea bird {Anoiia plumbeigularis of Sharpe) may be

found to differ, if a large series is studied.

Oar collectors found Anotis stolidm pileatus frequent on Rnk Island. Local

name, " Pohlicki." Nests, containing one egg each, were found from March to

July 1st " on ' Tako " trees, or on the roots of Mangrove bashes." The " Tako "

is described as a " tall tree resembling the cocoanut palm."

24. Sterna bergii Licht. (Wiglesworth No. 304 p. 74).

Ruk, December 5th, 1895, and May 7th, 1896. Local name " Nipawalne "

or "Nipowalne."

25. Sterna melanauchen Temm. (Wiglesworth No. 367 p. 74).

One specimen (? ?) was obtained on February 1890. It agrees fairly well

with Saunders' description of the immature bird iu Cat. B. Brit. Mus. XXV.

p. 128, but the wing-coverts are nearly white, the four outer pairs of rectrices

are marked with black on the outer webs.

26. Gygis alba kittlitzi Hart. {Gygis alba Wiglesworth No. 381 p. 78).

Frequent and breeding on Ruk Island. Cf. Nov. ZooL. V. p. 67. Local

name : " Arakal " and " Alakal," also " Ekigah."

The single egg was found in June iu the fork of branches and on the bare

ground.

27. Phaethon lepturus Daud. (Wiglesworth No. 361 p. 73).

J ad. 14. 0. 1896. Local name : " Uhk."

28. Puffinus obscurus obscurus (Gm.) (Wiglesworth No. 3bS p. 79).

Three males and one of doubtful sex were obtained on June 15th and 16th.

Their local name is " Niffolo." " The colour of the bill is blackish : the iris

seal-brown." The outer toe is blackish in skin, the inner and middle toe of a

light colour.

See Nov. Zool. V. p. 194, where the subspecies of this species are dis-

criminated.

A single egg, laid on a small heap of dry leaves, was found on June 16th

in a hole about four feet deep on the side of a cliff. It is white, and measures

42 : 35-5 mm.

29. Nycticorax caledonicus (Gm.) (Wiglesworth No. 134 p. 68).

One male was shot on May 25th, 1896. Its local name is given as " Kao-Kao."

It has a rather dark back and somewhat darker wings than other specimens of this

species liefore me.

( 11 )

30. Demiegretta sacra (Gm.) (Wiglesworth No. 337 p. 07).

Rather common. Local uame " Soppu " and " Kao-Kao." There are slate-

coloured and white individuals, and many two-coloured ones. These do not change

from a slate-coloured to a white or from a white to a slate-coloured dress, but

have white and slaty feathers at the same time and get them again by moult.

31. Ardetta sinensis (Gm.) (VViglesworth No. 339 p. 68).

Rather common on Ruk Island (Cf. Nov. Zool. V. p. 65). Local name

" Lioh."

The nests, containing one and two eggs, were found in May and June, among

reeds. The eggs are of the palest green, almost white, and measure 336 : 26,

38 : 24-8, 38-5 : 34-3, 308 : 245, 31 : 24-2, 35-5 : 25-5, 35 : 245, 34-3 : 24-3 mm.

Finsch, in his list of Ruk birds in the Froc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1880, pp. 574-77,

enumerates twenty-nine species, of which he had examined specimens of fifteen

species, the others being inserted on the authority of Kubary. The following are

uot in my list.

32. CoUocalia vanicorensis (= faciphaga Cat. B. Brit. Mas. XVI., p. 500).

It is strange that our collectors did not come across this bird.

33. Phaethon rubricauda (Bodd.)

34. Tachypetes aquila (= Fregata aquila).

35. Dysporus sula (= Sula sula).

Thus we know thirty-five species of birds to occur on Ruk. We may with

certainty suppose that no more land-birds are to be discovered, bnt that sea-birds

will occasionally visit the islands, which were not hitherto observed. The only fact

of first-rate interest yet to be discovered, is the breeding and the eggs of Tephras

ruki, which were uot found this time. Poor as the ornis of Ruk is, the land-birds

are of great interest. The beautiful Metabolus ruyensis, Myiagra oceanica, and

Tephras ruki, are, as far as we know at present, only found on Ruk Island.

The absence of all Alcer/inic/cir, of which species are found on all the neigh-

bouring groups of islands, the Pelew and Marianne Islands, and on the other

Carolines, of hawks, owls and of Rhipiditrae on Rnk is remarkable.

( 12 )

THE BIRDS OF DAMMER ISLAND IN THE BANDA SEA.

By ERNST IIARTERT.

DA3IMER, Dammar or Damiua, is a volcanic island in the Banda Sea, north of

the line of the so-called '■ Serwatty Islands," which extend in an east-north-

easteru direction from Timor. It is about half-way between Timor and Timorlaut.

It is less than ten miles in length and about live miles wide. The island is one

of the prettiest in the Eastern Archipelago, and almost entirely covered with dense

forest and vegetation: only the top of the volcanic peak in the north, which is often

emitting a stream of white smoke, and which rises to abont 4000 feet, is bare of

forest growth. The forest is so dense, that it is very difficult to penetrate it for

any distance. Many boiling hot springs and streamlets are found, which are

utilized by the natives for cooking. The island is scantily inhabited by two

races of Papuan and Malay type, who live in separate villages. They are all

friendly and well disposed towards foreigners. They keep some pigs and fowls,

and are most expert iishermen. Sago and cocoa-nut palms, enormous mango

trees, jack-frnit (Artocarpus) and bread-fruit are found in abundance, as well as

bananas and tobacco. Birds, lepidoptera and coleoptera are numerous. Messrs. J.

AValker and Bassett-Smith, who visited Dammer on H.M. surveying ship Penguin

in 1891, brought home one species of mammals (a form of Cuscns maciilatiis), ten

species* of birds, unTaely M/iipidura ele.gantula, Rhipidura biittikoferi, Graucalus

melanops, Zosterops bassetti, Stigmatops squatnata, Hirundo (jutturalis, Psitteiiteles

euteles, Ptilinopus xantJiogaster, Carpophuqa rosacea and concinna, five species of

reptiles, namely, Gecko ceiiicillatus, Calofes cristateUus, l.ijyosom'i striolatiim and

fuscum, Ablepkarus boutonii furcata, ten mollusca, one hundred species of coleoptera,

thirty of other insects and one freshwater crustacean. Besides this interesting,

but fragmentary collection from Dammer, I am only aware that A. B. Meyer

enumerates three species of birds : —

Urospizias torqiiatus = Astur polionoUis (No. 27).

Pitta brachyura = Pitta vigorsi (No. 20) and Carpopliaga concinna, which

were sent to him by Mr. Riedel.t

The entire ornithological literature relating to Dammer Island is therefore : —

1884, A. B. Meyer, in Ahl>. " 7.*/.s," Dresden, p. 7 (three species).

1894, R. B. Sharpe, in Ami. <)• Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. (>, v. XIV. pp. 56-58 (ten

species).

In connection with this last-named article a very interesting account of a visit to

Dammer Island is given by Mr. .J. Walker, from which most of the foregoing notes

are taken.

In 1899 our esteemed correspondent Heinrich K-iihn, to whom we owe already

several other valuable collections from the Eastern Archipelago, made a trip to

Dammer and sent us a large collection of birds and lepidoptera. Here follows the

list of the birds collected by him. They are mostly collected at a place called

Woeloer, some at Bebber and Hi.

• Mr. Walker says his party collected only nine, bnt Sharpe enumerates ten.

t Care must be taken not to mistake Dammer Island in the Banda Sea for the island south of

Halmahera which is variously spelt D.ama. Damme, Dammar or Dammer. It is this latter island where

Bernstein collected a few birtls (cf. Stigmatops Moris. Mi/zovi'la simjilex and others), not the Diimmer

visited by Kiihn.

( 13 )

1. Geocichla peronii audacis Hart.

{Bull B. 0. Club V. VIII. No. LXII., p. 43, April 1899).

This fine Thrush differs from 0. ]ieronii of Timor in having the upperside more

uniform and of a much deeper chestnut-rufous colour. The chest and sides of the

bod_v are much darker and more chestnut-rufous. The wing is shorter.

" Iris brown, feet pale flesh-colour, bill pale greyish-brown, paler below."

Wing 10 — 104 mm. (at least 110 in G. peronii peronii), tail about 75, tarsus

32—33, bill 19 mm.

This bird is named in honour of Mr. Kilhn {Imhn in German = audax in

Latin).

2. Rhipidura elegantula Sharpe.

Sharpe in Notes Leydai Mus. 1879 p. 23 ; Biittikofer in Nutes Leyden Mus. 1893 (v. XV.) p. 76 ;

Sharpe in Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1894, ser. 6, v. 14, p. 56.

Five specimens from Dammer seem to agree in ever}- respect with Rh. elegan-

tula, described from a single specimen from Lettie. The comparison of a series

from Lettie would be desirable.

" Iris very dark brown ; feet plumbeous black ; bill black."

3. Rhipidura setosa buttikoferi Sharpe.

Sharpe in Btdl B.O. Club v. 1, No. 4, p. 18 (1892) ; Ann. & Hay. Nat. Hist. 1894, ser. 6, v. 14,

p. 56.

This interesting form belongs doubtless to the group oi Rk. .setosa. From typical

setosa it differs in being much deeper brown above, in having sharply marked white

spots on the chest, and in having much more white on the outer rectrices. The

chest is marked with longitudinal narrow white shaft-stripes. In this respect it

resembles Rh. setosa isura, but the spots are narrower and sharper, the chest and

upper surface darker. Rh. hoeclti from Lettie is evidently very closely allied, but

more greyish above. We know thus (cf. Nov. Zool. V. p. 625) :

Rh. setosa setosa, New Ireland and New Britain.

Rh. setosa gidaris. New Guinea.

Rh. setosa nigromentalis, Louisiade Islands.

Rh. setosa hoedti, Lettie.

Rh. setosa biittikoferi, Dammer.

Rh. setosa isura, Australia.

Rh. setosa assimilis. Key Islands. More to come !

" The iris of Rh. s. biittikoferi is deep brown, bill and feet blackish."

This form is common on Dammer Island.

4. Myiagra rufigula Wall.

Woeloer, Bebber and Hi on Dammer. Only a few specimens received.

5. Monarcha trivirgata (Temm.).

A good series from Woeloer.

( 14 )

»'i. Monarcha inomatus kisserensis A. B. Meyer.

All thn specimens from Woeloer agree with Dr. Meyer's from Kisser (Sitzber.

<f- Ab/t. " Iris," Dresden, 1884, p. 22) in;beiug very light whitish grey. The study of

a sufficiently large material will probably enable ns to separate several more local

forms. Specimens from the Snla Islands are almost equally pale as those from

Dammer, while J/, inor/iati/g commutntm from Sangi is a darker form.

T. Heteranax mundus (Scl.).

(For synonymy see Salvadori, Orn. Papnas. e Molucc. Ayginn'e II., p. 75.)

We have received a good series from Dammer, and we cannot find any differences

from specimens of Timorlant. Only the adult male seems to be described. Tlie

adult female does not differ from the adult male, except that it is a trifle smaller,

the wings of the males measuring 80 to 85 mm., those of the females 77 to 78 mm.

The 3-oung, in both sexes, differs considerably. It is above earthy brown, forehead

whitish, cansed by the white bases to the feathers. Remiges deep brown, margined

outwardly with rufous brown, inwardly with whitish. Rectriccs blackisli brown,

margined with brown, the three outer pairs with wide buff tips, largest on the outer-

most pair. Lores, sides of head and neck, and throat white, breast and abdomen

cinnamon-buff, thighs grey. Under wing-coverts whitish buff. Adult: '' Iris dark

brown. Feet slaty-grey. Bill bright ash-grey with blackish tip and whitish cutting-

edges."

8. Dammeria henrici Harf.

In Bull. B. 0. dull, V. VIII., jip. LVII., LVIIL, I described this interesting

flycatcher about as follows: —

Dammeria gen. uov. Muscicapidaram.

Remarkable for its strong, high, and arched beak, with large nostrils plainly to

be seen in front of the stiff, short, frontal plumes, which are continued on the beak

to the nostril. In the well-developed wing the fifth primary is the longest, the

first a little more than half the length of the second. Tail composed of twelve

feathers, rather more than two-thirds of the length of the wing; rectrices about

equal in length, slightly pointed. Metatarsus long, longer than the middle toe

with claw, covered in front with a lamina, which shows some two or three divisions

near the toes. Sexes dissimilar in colouration.

Dammeria hetirici, 3 ad. Above dark slaty blue, lores and feathers of the

forehead darker, nearly black. Above the lores, from eye to middle of forehead,

a line of pure white feathers, similar to that found in many species of Brachi/ptcryx.

Underside dark slaty blue, chin darker, almost black ; in the middle of the

throat a white, sometimes concealed patch. Feathers of chest and breast with

narrower or wider longitudinal white spots near the tips, those of the belly and sides

of the rump tipped with white, under tail-coverts nearly black, with wliite patches.

Remiges slaty black, brownish grey towards the bases of the inner webs ; under

wing-coverts slate-colonr, partly tipped with white. " Iris brown, bill black, feet

blackish plumbeous." Total length about 130 mm., wing 68 — fiO, tail 50, metatarsus

20, culmen about 15, bill from end of nostril to tip 7 mm.

? ad. Above olive-brown with a slaty wash, upper tail-coverts slaty-brown:

( 15 )

a buff superciliary line from the forehead to above the eye. Remiges olive-brown,

outer webs edged with rusty brown, pale brown towards the base of the inner webs.

Ear-coverts with pale shaft-lines. Under surface rnsty buff, brighter on the throat

and chest, and washed with olive on the sides and flanks; feathers of the chest with

olive patches, producing a somewhat striped appearance. Feet pale flesh-colonr.

Wing 64 — 0.5 mm.

(? immat. Resembles the adult female, bnt with the upper surface darker

and the feathers with ferruginous tips, chest more streaked, superciliary stripe less

developed.

Mr. Heinrich Kilhn sent nine specimens of this most interesting bird. The

bird is named in commemoration of Mr. Kiihn's Christian name, Heinrich =

Henricus.

9. Gerygone ktihni sp. uov.

J ad. Above rufous-brown, the head paler and more ashy brown. Sides of

head pale ashy brown, lores with a whitish spot. Remiges dark sepia-brown, ont-

wardly margined with olive-rnfous-brown, the inner secondaries with the colonr of

the back, inwardly with whitish grey. Rectrices deep sepia, with a wide blackish

bar and an ill-defined whitish auteapical patch on the margin of the inner webs.

Chin, throat, chest, middle of breast and abdomen white, sides of breast and flanks

rufous brown, almost chestnut, a little brighter than the back, and having very little

white in the middle of the abdomen. Under wing- and under tail-coverts white with

a rusty wash. " Iris burnt-sienna-red, feet plumbeous, bill black." Wing 5.5 — .57,

tail about 43, tarsus 21, bill 11 mm.

? ad. Like the adult male, only a little smaller; wing 53 mm. Jnv. underside

snlphur-yellow instead of white.

Named in honour of its discoverer.

This form is apparently nearest to G. keijensis Biittik ; described from a young

bird in the Leyden Museum {Notes Leyden Miis. v. XV. 1893, p. 258), but it is much

more rufous above and on the flanks, also smaller. It differs from (j. inormita and

G. everetti in the markings of the tail, and the colour of the upperside. It seems

to agree very nearly with G. kissercnsis Finsch {Notes Leyden Mas. v. XX., p. 133,

1898) in the markings of the tail, but it is not at all olive-brown, but rufous-brown

on the upperside.

No doubt several of these forms will in future be treated merely as subspecies,

but at present a satisfactory review cannot be given from the material in the Tring

Museum.

10. Edoliosoma dispar Salvad.

A fine series from Dammer. Cumparing them with a series from Key and

Banda, I found no constant difl"erences. The size is rather variable. S ad. : " Iris

dark brown, feet and bill black." ? ad. : " Iris dark brown, bill brownish black,

feet slaty grey."

11. Dicaeum salvadorii A. B. Meyer.

One single male from Woeloer, Dammcr, agrees fully with Dr. Meyer's descrip-

tion of D. salmdoiii from a single male from Bebber. It diff'ers from I), mackloti

in having a larger and wider bill, the red of the throat being more extended towards

( 10 )

the breast ami a shade less bright, and the abdomen not pure white but buffy. "Its

iris is dark brown, bill and feet black."

Comparison of a good series both from Bobber and Dammer would be of

interest.

12. Anthus gustavi Swinh.

cJ, Woeloer, 9. 12. 1898. " Iris dark brown, feet pale flesh-colonr."

13. Motacilla boanila melanope Fall.

Common in November and December.

14. Zosterops bassetti Sharpe.

In Ann. f Mag. Kat. Hist. 1894, ser. 6, vol. 14, p. 57, Dr. Sharpe described

this form as follows :—" Similis Z. albivenfri, sed panllo major, loris et gatture

aurantiacis nee sulphnreis, et corporis lateribus cinerascenti-brunneis nee isabellinis

distiugnenda. Long. tot. 5-0 poll., culm. I>G, alae 2"4o, candae 1-75, tarsi 0-75."

There is no donbt that this diagnosis refers to this Zosterops, of which I have

before me eight skins sent by Mr. Ktihn from Dammer, even if I had not

compared the typo; bnt I do not consider the comparison with Z. albirentris from

the Torres Straits a very lucky one. In my opinion the nearest ally is Z. citrinella

from the Timor group, from which Z. bassetti differs in having a larger beak, in

being less yellowish and more olive above, in being much more brownish on the

sides of the breast and flanks, and in having a longer wing. From Z. qrai/i of Key

it differs in being much less bright yellowish, especially ou the wings and upper

tail-coverts, and in being brownish, not ashy grey on the sides.

Mr. Kiihn describes the iris as " brown, feet ash-grey, bill dull greyish brown."

The sexes do not differ, except that the female is perhaps a trifle smaller. There is

no doubt that Z. i-itrinclla, bassetti, grayi, and others will ultimately be classified

as subspecies of one form, bnt without an elaborate study of the whole group this

is not to be done, and I should at present even hesitate to say how the species

should be named. Therefore I leave this to a future time.

Zo.sterops lett/ensis Finsch in J^otes Lei/r/en Mits. v. XX. p. 13G (1898) seems

fully to agree with Z. bassetti, except that it is slightly smaller. The comparison

of a series from Lettie is desirable.

15. Stigmatops squamata Salvad.

A good series from Dammer. " Iris yellowish grey, sometimes more brownish,

bill black, feet dark grey."

Dr. Sharpe {A)i)t. Mag. Mat. Uist. 1804, ser. (J, v. 14, p. 57) identifies the bird

from Dammer with St. kebirensis A. B. Meyer, bat it is squamata. Mr. Rothschild

and I have carefully compared eight adult Dammer skins with ten adult specimens

from Khoor (or Koer), also collected by Herr Kiihn, and wo found them quite alike.

Sharpe's Dammer bird is immature, and that is the reason for the less extended

scaling on the under surface. We have no specimens from Bebber (or Kebir), but

— unless all those examined from the latter island are immature — they seem to differ

in several points, and to be similar to young squamata. Sharpe {I.e.) says that

( 1' )

he fails to see tlie characters for separating Sf. salcadorii from Tirunrlant from

St. squamata, but St. snlvadoiii is apparently a distinct form, being very much

smaller, the wings abont 1 cm. shorter. We have fonr Timorlaut birds for

comparison.

The female of St. squamata is a little smaller than the male; the young bird

has the area behind and below the eye, which in the adult birds is covered with

short scaly deep black feathers with silvery white tips, quite bare and of a light

flesh-colour, and the breast is pale greenish grey without scales. Sharps {I.e. p. 57)

questions the correctness of the occurrence of St. ckloris on Dammer, mentioned by

Salvadori (Ora. Pap. II. p. 32G), but it is Dammer in the Moluccas, not our

Dammer, where Bernstein collected this and other birds.

The nest of St. squamata is a neat structure, ornamented on the outside with

white little cobwebs and wool and cotton, with a "tail" hanging down from the

bottom, and an entrance hole on the side, which is sometimes overhung by

a protecting leaf and with a little porch-like roof. The eggs (two in number) are

white, finely speckled and punctated with a light-brownish red or bright brick-red.

They measure : 17-5 : 13-2, 17-7 : 14, 18-5 : 12-9, and 18-6 : 12-5 mm.

16. Pachycephala melauura dammeriana subsp. nov.

I have no doubt, that P. nirlnmirii, clio, burueiisis, iiiacrorhj/ncha, obiennix,

everetti and several others will be treated as subspecies of one form, and I therefore

do not hesitate to call the new form also merely a subspecies of inelanura. In the

distribution of colours it agrees with the other forms. Chin and throat pure white,

surrounded by a 5 to 10 mm. wide black collar. The yellow collar above well

defined. The wing-coverts are olive-green with small black bases. Primary-coverts

and bastard-wing black with olive-grey borders. Onter webs of remiges edged with

greenish olive-grey. Bectrices black, outwardly edged with yellowish olive-green,

broader towards base, very narrow near tip. All the rectrices tipjjed with olive for

about 4 mm. The back is olive-green, less yellowish than in P. m. clio, breast and

abdomen yellow, less bright and golden than in clio. This latter form is perhaps

the most similar one to dammeriana, differing, however, in the much more extended

black bases to the upper wing-coverts, uniform black primary-coverts, more golden

upperside, deeper yellow underside, and an almost pure black tail with almost

imperceptibly narrow olive tips. The female of P. m. dammeriana, of which,

however, only one is received, seems not to differ from that of clio. The size is

about that of clio.

17. Pachycephala arctitorquis Scl.

A series from Dammer agrees with Timorlaut specimens in the British and

Tring Museums.

18. Calornis circumscripta A. B. Meyer.

Caloniis gidaris (errore, non Gray), Cut. B. Brit. Mux. XIII. p. 141 ; C. circumscripta. A. B. Meyer

in Sitzungsher. u. Ahh. Ges. Jsis 1884, 1 p. 49 (Timorlaut) ; C. cirmmscrijHa, Salvadori, Agy. II.

Orn. Pap. e Mol. p. 141.

A series from Dammer (Woeloer) agrees so well with typical circumscripta

from Timorlaut, that I cannot separate them. In some, but not in all, the bill is

less high. The iris of C. circumscripta is vermilion, feet and bill black.

The name of gularis cannot be used for this species, because the bird from

Morty is not distinguishable from C. metallica.

2

( 18 )

I'l. Erythrura tricolor forbesi Sharpe.

I Lave compared a series from Uamraer with the single type of K. foiliesi in

the British Mnsenm, and did not notice an\- ditiVreucos. The comparison of a series

would, of course, he desirable. /-'. tricolor of Timor is, of course, closely allied,

differing merely in the blue colour of the crown being spread over the mantle.

" Iris dark brown, feet pale flesh-colour, bill black.'"

The eggs are white, rather pointed on the narrow end, and measnro ITo : l:i,

17-0 : 13:2 and 17-8 : 13 mm.

20. Pitta vigorsi (iuuld.

A series from Dammer agrees iu every respect with a series from Buuda.

'• The iris is brown, feet flesh-colour, bill black."

This beautiful Pitta inhabits Banda, Dammer and Timorlaut, whili' on Flores

it is represented by the black-throated conciiuid (ionld, with a bi-culoured super-

ciliary stripe, on Alor and Lomblen by the j)erfectly similar eceretti Hart., with a

longer beak, on Timor by irena Temm., with a uniform superciliary stripe, on Sula

Mangoli by the perfectly similar crassirostrix Wall., with a larger bill, on Djampea

by virijinalis Hart., with a much broader stripe, on .Suraba by murin Hart., without

black on the abdomen and with a narrow imiform supcreiliary line, iti North

Queensland by the larger simillima Gould, with nearly the whole crown brown, in

other parts of Australia by the still larger strepitans Temm. There can be no

doubt that all these forms, representing each other on the various islands and

agreeing in the pattern and general colouration as well as in structure, are all

best treated as subspecies of one species, only the last two are more specialized

and might be kept specifically distinct from the rest. Also Pitta hertue Salvad.,

which represents this type iu Borneo, is allied to this group, while moluccensis

P. L. 8. Mull, stands much more apart, and occurs together with P. hertac on

Borneo and on other islands of the Archipelago.

'i\. Collocalia neglecta Gray.

Five specimens from Woeloer. " Iris of the darkest brown, feet and bill

black."

This swiftlet differs from (.'. esculenta only in being smaller, duller and less

glossy above, and by some of the feathers of the mmj) and some of the npj)er tail-

coverts having narrow whitish edges. The expression used in the Catalogue of

Birds (v. Ifi, p. .310), "back, rump, and wing-coverts dark j)lumbeons grey," is far

too strong, but I had then only four old skins, which were indeed very jiale, and

might very well be called "dark plumbeous."

22. Eurystomus orientalis australis Swain.s.

Not rare on Dammer.

Young individuals have a brownish black bill and no blue ou the throat.

( ly )

23. Eos recticulata (S. Miill.).

Two adult ««/fA-, Bebbor, Dammcr, 3(». 12. 189S. " Iris with an outer bnrnt-

sienna ring, followed by a sepia-coloured and an inner narrow yellowish grey ring.

Feet black. Bill blood-red."

This species is only known from Timorlaut or Tenimber, but Mr. Kiibu has

also sent us one shot on Little Key Island.

24. Psitteuteles euteles (Temm.) (? subsp.).

We have a good series of this bird from Dammer. Only one of them

approaches typical euteles from Timor, while most of them have the head much

more greenish, the abdomen shaded with green. As, however, immature eutele-n

from Timor are similar, I must leave it to future research whether such yellow-

headed individuals as on Timor are ever found on Dammer. If the characters stated

above — which are those of immature birds on Timor — serve to distingnish the

Dammer form subspeciKcally, then the Wetter-bird (judging from one example

received in exchange from the Lej'den Museum) might belong to it, and those from

Alor and Pantar would seem to be intermediate. '-The iris in the Dammer birds

is orange, feet olive-grey, bill yellowish vermilion."

I have no doubt that Triclioglossus (dorensi.i, described as a new species from

Alor by Finscli (yotes Lojdeii Museum, XX., p. 220), is the young of euteles. The

differences given are the characteristics of the immature birds. The only peculiarity

of them is the dark brown bill. As our immature individuals have a brown tip to

the bill, I must believe that the very young birds have totally brown bills. It is

most unlikely that two so closely allied species of Psitteuteles inhabit the small

island of Alor.

25. Halcyon australasiae dammeriana subsp. nov.

Tlie specimens from Dammer, from where I have nine skins before me, differ

from those from Timor, Lombok and Sumba, collected by Everett and Doherty, in

having the crown of the head dark cinnamon with a dusky green i)atch in the

middle, and some dusky green stripes on the forehead, wjiile the entiri' crown is

green in //. a. australasiae, only striped with cinnamon on the forehead. One of

the specimens from Dammer closely approaches the typical form, bnt there is still

more cinnamon on the anterior part of the crown. The specimens with the greatest

iimouut of cinnamon are females. In typical australasiae I find no difference in the

sexes with regard to the extent of cinnamon on the crown. The young bird has

cinnamon edges to thr upper wing-coverts, blackish ones to the feathers of the

underside.

The iris of 7/. a. t/ammeriana is dark brown ; bill black, lower bill whitish with

<lusky tip ; feet pale brownish black.

Another subsjiefies of //. australasiae, the minor of A. B. Meyer, inhabits

Timorlaut.

20. Halcyon chloris (Bodd.) (? subsp.).

In the series from Dammer all the males are remarkably blue, the females

more greenish. The ear-coverts are black with a bluish wash. I do not believe that

they can ultimately be classed with typical chloris, but at present the time and

C 20 )

material at my disposal are too limited to solve the (juestioii. I cauiiot think that

.Shavpe is riglit in separating //. fitimii as a species, nor am I able to recognize all

his races, bnt 1 do not either believe that ail the forms can finally be united as one

race. One of the Dammer birds has the bill ciuiousiy Hat and nptnnud, very mnch

like a Todirhamphii.i, and mnch like Shar]je's meyeri from Togian, whicli, however,

is also an individual aberration.

27. Astur polionotus Salvud.

Three /ema^e.'? of a hawk from Dammer seem to be Salvadori's .1. /tolioxotus,

described from Timorjaut. These birds are above of a Cdnsiderably darker grey

than .1. albirentris from the Key Islands, and the rnfous collar is more developed

than in most -1. albicentris. All the females {males are not in the collection)

have very distinct cross-bars on the breast and abdomen, while the chest is miiform

rufons. This rnfons colour is darker than in most albicentris. The throat is very

jiale, wliitish rnfons, under wing-coverts white with narrow rosy-rnfons cross-bars,

thighs of a pale rufous, with or without faint cross-bars. '-The iris is ochreous,

feet ochreous, bill black."

Wing (?) 240—24.5 mm.

A series from Great Banda seems to belong to the same form, but tlie thighs

are quite white (as they seem to be in the type of A. poUonotitx); only owe female has

a faint red tinge and the faintest indication of cross-bars on the thighs. The male

from Banda has a broad and distinct rufous collar, and the underside is uniform,

only on the abdomen are faint indications of liars.

28. Baza subcristata reinwardti (Mill!. & Schleg.)

Four skins of B(i:<i from Dammer differ enormously from each other in the

colouration of the underside, two having dark rnfons, one ashy brown, one (a young

example) narrow rufous brown zigzag bars.

I almost doubt the jiossibility of separating Daza subcristata and reinwardti

even subspecifically ! The only diiference is in fact, as already shown by Salvadori,

in his great " Ornithologia Papiiasia," the smaller size of B. reinwardti, the

difierences in colouration, which Sharpe {Cat. B. v. I.) and others thought to be

of specific value, being individual variations. While recognizing the generally

smaller size of reinwardti, I find individuals (Djampea, Fergusson), which differ

not from some Australian skins in size. If, however, reinwardti can be separated

subspecifically (a specific separation is impossible), then 7>'. subcristata .mbcristata

should be restricted to Australia, the birds from the Moluccas, Lesser Suuda

Islands and New Guinea being all reinwardti.

Baza subcristata riifa from Batjan, Halmahera and Obi Major is a mere rufous

closely allied form.

B. subcristata yurneyi from the Solomons seems to be fairly distinct, but

B. subcristata hismarcki from New Britain and New Hanover does not seem

to differ from gurneyi, except in having a longer bill.

B. subcristata timorhioen.iis from Timorlant is somewhnt doubtful, being based

on a young binl, the adult of which is not yet known.

20. Cuculus canorus intermedius Yahl.

?, Kuwray, Dammei' Island, Novemlier 11th, l;?'.tis.

f 21 )

30. Chrysococcyx rufomerus sp. nov.

The tiilult male diiFers from Chri/sococcijx malayanus as follows : —

The crown of the head is not brownish or purplish brown, but deep metallic

green with steel-blue and bronze reflections ; the back is darker ; the entire

underside is widely barred with deep ,!j;reenish bronze, these bars bcinu' of a much

deeper colour than in C malayanus ; the tail has no rufous colour whatever ; some

of tbe greater upper wing-coverts have some edges and bars of white. The wings

have very pale or no rufous colouration to the inner webs. "Iris dark vermilion,

feet and bill blackish." The adult female seems to have a well-marked uniform

white patch in the middle of the abdomen. The iris of the female is described on

the label as " ochreous grey." Wing 05 — 99 mm.

The young of both sexes is above pale greyish bronze, below greyish brown,

with more or less dark brownish bars on the flanks; the iris is " reddish grey."

This new form is perfectly distinct from (\ inahiyamis, and all the other species of

the genus known to me. It is probable that this and several others should only

be treated as subspecies, but as yet their history and distribution are too little known

to advance theories about their relationship. Future investigations will show,

whether C. rufomerus is only found on Dammer Island, or also on other islands.

31. Ptilinopus xanthogaster (Wagl).

Not rare in different parts of the island, at Batoe Merah and AVulur. " Iris

orange, feet greenish grey, bill sulphureous."

All the specimens from Dammer have the neck more or less washed with

green, the green of the upi)erside somewhat yellowish, the foreneck rather greenish.

In this they agree with specimens from Banda. Some specimens from the Key

Islands are perfectly similar to those from Dammer, while the perfectly adult Key

birds have the neck beautifully greyish-white, the breast and abdomen very bright,

the back pure green. As, however, our Key series is selected from a larger

collection, and shot at diflerent times of the year, while our six or eight birds

from Banda and Dammer were all shot at the same time of the year, and as we

know that the greenish neck is a sign of immaturity, I am not able to say that

the Key birds are really different, and I am inclined to think that eiiually adult

liirds from all the islands are perfectly alike. Meyer has separated the Timorlaut

race as P.Jlavocirescens, but Salvadori seems to think that his characters are based

on immature individuals. We have, at present, not suflScient material to decide this

question.

32. Ptilinopus lettiensis Schleg.

A fine series from Dammer agrees with an adult male from Bebber (April

1898), received in exchange from the Leyden Museum. The yellow on the neck is,

however, deeper in the Bebber specimen than in the eight from Dammer, but the

depth of the yellow colour on the neck is not constantly alike in those from

Dammer, which were all shot in November. Until, therefore, a large series from

Lettie and Bebber are compared, the Dammer bird must stand as 1'. lettiensis.

The iris of the Dammer birds is " burnt-sienna red, the bill yellow, slaty-green at

base, feet bluish carmine."

( 22 )

33. Carpophaga rosacea (Tomm.)

October and November. " Iris carmine. Bill dark grey with carminft no.strils.

Feet bright carmine."

34. Carpophaga concinna Wall.

One male and two females were shut in November. Their iris was orange.

They are typical cowiinia, and not a bit like C cowinna aepniata from the Key

Islands.

:'>."i. Columba metallica Temm.

Fonud frequently in November and December. The specimens fnlly agree with

those from Timor. The breast, neck, and mantle vary somewhat, the metallic gloss

being sometimes beautifully i)urplish red, sometimes almost pure green. A yonng

bird has the head and neck dull brown, the breast rufous brow-n. Adnlt birds have

the "iris" orange, f<'et carmine, bill bright carmine, tip yellowish white. "The

yotmg birds have the '■ iris pale brown, feet brown, bill brownish black."

oCp. Chalcophaps chrysochlora (Wagl.)

Both sexes and young were shot in December.

37. Eallina tricolor Gray.

One female, 'Woeliier, 1. VI. 1898. "Iris brownish red, feet brown : bill light

green. Eyelid ochreous."

This specimen-is rather small, measuring only as follows : wing 138, tarsus 43,

bill 22 mm. Being somewhat out of its generally known area of distribution, it is

quite possible that it belongs to a smaller subspecies, but it is not possibli' to decide

about tliis from a single specimen.

38. Amauromis phoenicura (Furst. ) (? leucomelaena).

One (apparently adnlt) specimen. In this the sides of the head and iieck are

lierfectly slat}--black, and there is no white on the forehead I This bird — a similar

one is before me from Sumba— differs very much from young -I. phoenu-ura from

India. I am therefore inelined to think that tliere is after all a Timorese s])ecies or

subspecies, to be cviXXqA leucomelaena. (Cf. Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. v. XXIII.

p. 159, Mey. & Wigl., Birr/s of Celebes v. II. p. 708, Hart., Nov. ZooL. V. p. 47.%

no. 74.)

39. Charadrius fulvus Gm.

9 Hi. If,. 11. is'.is.

40. Numenius phaeopus variegatus (Scop.)

9 Woeloer, 9. 12. 1898.

( 23 )

41. Limosa lapponica novaezealandiae a my.

Wocloer, 0. 12. 1808.

4,'. Heteractitis bi-evipes (Vieill.)

Woeloer, November auJ December.

43. Tringoides hypoleucus (L.)

Not rare in December.

44. Glottis nebularius (Gunu.)

? Woeloer, Dammer, 9. 12. 1898.

45. Tringa crassirostris Temm.

6 juv. Kiimur, Dammer, 14. 11. 1898.

40. Bubulcus coromandus (Bodd.)

<?, Woeloer, 12. 11. 1898.

47. Demiegretta sacra (Gm.)

<?, Woeloer, i». 12. 1898. Pare white, with a few small slaty-black spots ou

the neck and wiug-coverts.

48. Sula sula (L.)

Oue adult bird, .se.x doubtful, Woeloer, Dammer, 5. 11. 1898.

49. Megapodius duperreyi Less, et Garn.

Common on Dammer Island. " Iris burnt-sienna rcl, feet yellowish vermilion,

bill dirty yellow."

Thus Mr. Kiihn sent forty-nine species, of which ten were previously known to

occur on Dammer, although three were not quite correctly identified before. Two

birds mentioned by Dr. Sharpe were not procured by Kiihn: '' Graucalus melanops "

and " Hirundo gutturalis.'" Of these the Hirundo is only a winter visitor, and might

not be of regnlar and frequent occurrence, but it is strange that the very conspicuous

and large Gvaid-alas was not obtained. As Dammer is quite within its range, 1

have no right to doubt its occurrence there, but it should be noticed that Sharpe

names ten species of birds from Dammer, while AValker says nine only were

collected.

It is remarkable that Dr. ISbarpe from the scauty material before him drew

correct conclusions about the zoogeographical relations of Dammer, which he said

were with Timorlaut on the one hand, and with Timor on the other, " while some

species may be found peculiar to the Damma, Lettie, and Wetter groups of islands."

From our larger material it is evident that the relations with Timorlaut are very

obvious (cf Ileteranax tniuidi(s, Faclnjcepluila arctitorquis, Eos reticaluta).

Some forms are exactly the same as those found on the so-called Serwatty

Islands (Lettie, Moa, Bebber, etc.), and those that are hitherto only known as Timor

( 24 )

species will probably all be found to occur ou the Serwatty group as well, which is

by no. means sufficiently oxploreil. It is remarkable that some forms are common

to Timorlanf, Banila and Daramer, and apparently not to be found elsewhere (cf.

Pitta cigorsi, Ast'ir jioUonotus).

The butterflies of Dammer seem to show a close relationship to those of

Timorlaut.

The number of birds at present only known from Dammer is small, and we

do not doubt that many of them may ultimately be found ou the Serwatty group of

islands. One might therefore suppose that Dammer is not a very ancient island;

and Mr. Dolierty, who visited me when I had just written this note, tells me that,

on a hurried visit to Dammer some years ago, he had the impression that Dammer

was such a recent volcanic island, that it would not be worth while for him to

sacrifice time and money for a long stay to collect lepidoptera. Until the Serwatty

Islands are thoroughly explored, all these theories, however, are mere suppositions.

DESCRIPTION OF THE HITHERTO UNKNOWN FEMALE

OF OENETUS MIEABILIS ROTHSCH.

By HON. WALTER ROTHSCHILD, Ph.D.

? Wings, upperside : Ground colour of forewiug gamboge yellow, completely

covered with a network of dull apple-green; the meshes of the network are hexagonal

in shape, and at each point of the hexagon is a thickened spot, and in the centre of

each mesh is an irregular spot or dash of the same green colour. On the costal area

are a number of chocolate brown patches, first a small one, then three large ones

reaching to, and sometimes beyond, the subcostal veins. These three large sjjots are

followed by one or more smaller ones.

The forewiug is crossed transversely by a band of chocolate brown almost

parallel to the outer margin and about one-third from the ajiex. This baud is forked

from the costal margin to SC, and is traversed for its whole length by a chain of

dull purple spots. Between this band and the outer margin is an irregular row of

dull purple and brown spots each standing on the edge of a hexagon. Half way

between the main transverse band and the base of the wing is another irregular

and broken baud of spots, some chocolate and others dull purple. Between the

nervures at outer margin is a row of dull purple spots.

Basal half of hindwing a most delicate salmon pink, outer half chrome ycljow,

more or less reticulated with pink spots standing mostly along the nervures.

Undcrsidi' of I'oth wings chrome yellow, heavily washed with pink ou basal

half, while outer half is spotted with pink; ou the costal margins of both wings is a

row of pinkish brown patches.

Head, tliorax, end of abdomen and legs greenish wax yellow, metathorax and

basal two-thirds of nj)perside of abdomen greenish pink. Underside of abdomen

pinkish white.

Length of forewiug : 52 to 80 mm.

Breadth of forewiug : 25 to 38 mm.

Described from several hied females from Townsville,iNorth Queensland, where

the collector obtained also a number of nmles.

(25 )

ANOTHER SMALL CONTRIBUTION TO AFRICAN

ORNITHOLOGY.

By ERNST HARTEET.

THE following article is based on collections made by Dr. W. J. Ansorge during

his third stay in the African Continent. A list of the birds collected during

his second stay in Africa is given by me in the ApiJendix to Dr. Ansorge's book

" Under the African Sun," to which I have sometimes to refer in the following

pages. Occasionally birds from other collections, specially some collected by Dr.

Felix Roth at Warri, in the Niger Coast Protectorate, have been discussed.

Dr. Ansorge has this time crossed Africa from east to west, taking from

Uganda about the same route as Mr. A. B. Lloyd. Most of the localities mentioned

are therefore to be found in Lloyd's book " Li Dwarf Land and Cannibal Country "

(London, J. Fisher Unwin, 1899).

From Mombasa Dr. Ansorge travelled to Uganda, collecting very interesting

birds in the sandy plain of the Athi River and at Nairobe. From Uganda proper

he marched westwards to Toro (or Torn, as Ansorge spells it), where a good number

of birds were procured. Toro is the country east of Mount Ruweuzori, and a

description and a map, showing some of the places where Ansorge collected, is given

in Lloyd's book, p. 159. At Fort George, on Lake Albert Edward, the collector

seems to have stayed for some time, then proceeded to " Karimia in Ussongora,*

Congo Free State," hence northwards to Fort Mb(5ni, or Beni, on the lower course

of the Semliki, or, as it is here called, Kakibi River ; then, entering the " Great

African Forest," i.e., the enormous primeval forest, inhabited by a Pygmy race, he

travelled in a north-westerly direction to the Ituri River, which at its lower portion

is called the Aruwinii, and sailing down the Aruwimi and Congo, reached the west

coast, where he found a Belgian steamer ready to sail. He thus accomplished the

journey in the marvellously short time of seventy-nine days from Fort George to

London. The collections that conld.be made on snch a record journey are of course

very fragmentary, but they contain some highly interesting specimens. A box with

probably some very good birds from East Africa is unfortunately lost, and has not

been traced. A longer stay in the Great Forest would doubtlessly have yielded many

wonderful things. On pp. 299—302 Mr. Lloyd has given some notes on the

" animal life in the forest," but he is not a naturalist, and his description cannot be

accurate, since " many species of gazelles, chimpanzee and gorilla " do not live

there, or have not yet been identified, and we do not believe in hyaenas in the

middle of the forest, although Mr. Lloyd mentions " leopards, panthers, wild cats,

civets, hyaenas, and reptiles."

Of bird-life in the Great Forest Mr. Lloyd says : " Birds of every description

and varied hue abound, parrots undoubtedly predominating, paraquets, swifts,

owls, guinea-fowl, kingfishers, fish eagles, divers, kites, hornbills in great variety ;

pigeons, doves, honej'-birds, and all kinds of night-birds. In the daytime it is

delightful to sit and listen to the singing of the birds, their songs being so different

from the bird-songs of Europe ; some with deep musical sounds like the tolling of a

• Spelt Ussogara by Dr. Ansorge, but on the maps I find Ussongora. This place must of course not

be mistaken for the country of Usagara, in German East Africa. Ansorge's Karimia is the Karimi on the

Isango, a continuation of the Semliki- Kakibi River, on Mr. Lloyd's and other maps.

( 26)

he]]. The black-;ui<l-wbite wagtail is so tame that ho will sit within a few yards

and pour forth his beautiful notes. The tin}- honey-bird darts here, there, and

everywhere, like streaks of light, issuing forth its twit, twit, as it lights npon some

honey-bedewed blossom. Overhead the ungainly hornbill jdoiiglis its way above the

tree-tops, calling to its mate, and the screaming of the parrots as in great flocks

they make their flight along the river banks, or throngli the tangled mass of vege-

tation overhead, is almost deafening. By the little streams are countless numbers

of wonderful butterflies, some as large as swifts, and all (x/'r I) most gorgeously

coloured. The insect life baffles description. . . ." E.xaggerati'd as this statement

may perhaps be, it is of interest to hear it, since it seems to contradict tlie reports of

the scarcity of bird-life in the Great Forest.

The birds collected by Dr. Ansorge belong to throe more or less faunistically

different countries. In the Athi Plain and at Nairobe ho collected in the southern

parts of the North-East African desert and steppe fauna, which reaches south at

least to Masailand (cf Drepanoplectes jacksoni, MiraJ'ra africana o.tM, Pf/s.'ie/-

difumis gongonensis and others); then the so-called East African fauna was touched;

while soon afterwards, without a very sharp line of demarkation, the West African

area was entered (cf Corythaeala cristntn, Cohonba nnicincla, and many others).

It may here be remarked that at present a general account of the birds of

Africa is one of the greatest, if not the greatest, desideratum of ornithologists. The

publications on African birds are so numerous, and especially in small contributions

—often descriptions of one or two species or subspecies — and nearly all nations, as

German, British, French, Swedish, Portuguese, Italian, American, Austrian, partake

of the ornithological work in Africa, that it is most difficult, I think more difficult

than in any other country, to be informed about all the literatni-e. It is therefore

to be hoped that the works of Professor ISeichenow and ( 'aptain 8helley will

soon appear.*

I am obliged to my friends Professor Reichenow, Dr. Sharpe, and Mr. Grant

for comiJaring some of the specimens with the types and other examples in their

collections, and thank them for their kindness.

1. Phalacrocorax africanus (Gm.)

S ?. Ituri ]{iver, twenty-second day from Fort Mbeni, '20. h. 18'J9.

" Iris golden-brown. Feet black. Upper jaw dark grey with yellow edge,

lower yellow."

2. Fodiceps cristatus L.

Lake Varangot, Fort Gerry, Torn, 13. 4. 1899.

3. Nettapus auritus (Bodd.)

? ad. Near Ripou Falls, Somerset Nile, 10. 3. 1899.

" Iris dark brown. Feet greenish black. Upper bill greenish grey with a

greenish yellow patch on each side near the base. Lower bill pinkish grey with

orange-yellow skin between rami."

4. Nettion capense (Gm.)

? ad. Lake Varangot, Torn, Uganda Protectorate, 10. 4. 1899.

" Iris dark brown. Feet slate-blue ; bill slate-blnc witli dark central greenish

grey streak."

* While this jaesed through the press Part I. of Vol. II. of Shelley's work hiis actually been issued.

(27 )

5. Oedicnemus vermiculatus Cab.

5 ad. Fort George, Lake Albert Edward, Tom, 26. 4. 18f»0.

0. Hoplopterus spinosus (L.)

c? ?. Fort George, Lake Albert ; Edward, 26. 4. 1899, ?, Salt lake Kikorongo,

one day's march from Lake Albert Edward, 25. 4. 1899.

" Iris blood-red ; bill and feet black."

7. Chettusia melanoptera (Cretzscbm.)

<? ?. Nairobe, British East Africa, 28. 1. 1809.

" Iris lemou-yellow ; red ring of bare skin round eyes, more developed in the

male. Feet brownish-red, lighter on the thighs. Bill black."

8. Chettusia inornata (Swains.)

? ad. Lake Kikorongo, salt lake one day's march from Lake Albert Edward

2.'). 4. 1899.

" Iris lemon-yellow, inwardly shaded with greeuisli ; bill and feet black."

9. Ochthodromus asiaticus (Pall.)

? ?. Athi Plain, British East Africa, 2.j. 1. 1899.

One of these shows beginning of moult on chest, the other not.

10. Glareola pratincola (L.)

Five males. Salt lake Kikorongo, Torn, 2.j. 4. 1899.

Only one has the throat qnite unspotted, and in that specimen it is rather deej)

rusty buff. It would be interesting to investigate whether the Pratincole is really,

as it is supposed to be, merely a migrant in Africa, or if a special darker race is

resident in the Dark Continent.

11. Gralaclirysea nuchalis (Gray).

<? ad. Enguatuara on the Ituri River, 31. 5. 1899.

" Iris dark brown. Feet copper red. Bill black with red base." Tliis bird

has the inner (not outer) webs of the secondaries white at base, its wing measures

6 inches I Cf Cat. B. Brit. Mus., v. XXIV. p. 64. Is G. emi/ii a different species ?

12. Otis melanogaster RUpp.

<S ad. Nakabimba in Toru, Uganda Protectorate, 2. 4. 1899. "Iris brown ;

feet yellowish grey, becoming brownish grey below the knee, dark grey on the toes,

especially the middle one. Bill : upper jaw dark grey with yellowish grey edges,

lower yellowish grey."

13. Fulica cristata Gm.

Lake Varangot ;(Toru), Uganda Protectorate, 16. 4. 1899. " Iris blood-red ;

feet slate-colour, darker on the joints and orange-red patches above the knees. Bill

pale grey with a bluish tmge. Bare patch on forehead greyish white, terminating

in two dark brown-red protuberances with orange-red tips."

(28)

U. Grallinula chloropus (1^.)

<??. in nuptial plnmage, Lake Varangot in .Torn, Uganda Protectorate,

13. 4. 1899.

IT). Limnocorax niger ((iiu.)

(f. Lake Varangot, Torn, 13. 4. 1S99.

Ki. Pterocles exustus Temm.

cJ?. Campi-ya-Simba, British East Africa, 14. 1. 1^99. "In both sexes iris

dark brown : feet bluish grey ; bill greyish white."

Temminck described his P. exusttts from West Africa and North-East Africa.

The African Birds were therefore the " typical " ones, which means that they must

be called /'. exustus exustus, if subspecies are distinguished, and there is no doubt,

in my opinion, that this can be done.

I have not been able to compare a series of Abyssinian skins, but as several

writers have declared that they are like those from North-Eastern Africa, and in

view of the close relationship of the fauna of North-Eastern Africa and Senegambia,

I must take their similarity for granted at present. The North-East African birds

(Abyssinia, Egypt) and those from Eastern Tropical Africa (Kilimanjaro, Machakos,

Campi-ya-Simba) do not seem to differ and are above rather dark olive-brown, while

the greater wing-coverts are much more yellow, especially on the tips. This is

evidently pigment, and not at all due to staining. Bogdanow's name P. ellioti

{Bull. Ac. Sci. Petersb. v. XXVII., p. 167, 1881) is based on one (!) Abyssinian

example collected nearly seventy years ago by Riippell. The differences lie mentions

are evidently dne to the faded condition of this old veteran of a mounted specimen,

and the white patch he describes is found in all adult males. P. ellioti is therefore,

for the present, to be regarded as a synonym of P. exustus.

The wing of Central African adult males measures about 185 inm.

From this form differs the bird inhabiting the deserts of Somaliland, in being

smaller, paler and more sandy isabelline on the upperside, chest and breast. The

under tail-coverts in the one male at Tring are unspotted. The female is less

thickly spotted on the foreneck, less blackish and more reddish on the upperside.

The wings of two adult males and two females measure about 170 mm. This form

might be termed

Pterocles exustus somalicus subsp. nov. (Type Donaldson (Smith coll. Milmil,

30. T. 1894.)

A third distinct form is the Indian bird, which is lighter above than P. exustus

exustus, not so dark olive-brown, but not so bright yellowish isabelline as P. exusttts

somalicus. The larger wing-coverts are paler and not so yellowish. The females

show the same differences. This form might be named

P. exustus orientalis snbsp. nov.

We have thus, for the present : —

P. exustus exustus : West and N.E. Africa generally, south to the Masai-

steppes, Kilimanjaro and Arnsha.

P. exustus somalicus : Somaliland.

P. exustus orientalis : India.

( 20 )

IT. Pterocles gutturalis saturatior subsp. uov.

(Type : Campi-ya-Simba, Britisli E. Africa, 23. 4. 189s.)

? ?. Athi Plain, British East Africa, 24. 1. 1899. " Iris chocolate-browii ; feet

bluish grey ; bill bluish grey."

Males of P. gutturalis from British East Africa, the Kilimanjaro district and

Bogosland have the rust-coloured extremities to the greater series of wing-coverts of

a much deeper rufous colour, while those from Transvaal, Nyassaland and the Zambesi

have them paler and somewhat more yellowish. The back and rump in the nortliern

birds is also darker brown than in those from Southern Africa. The southern form

being first described, the northern one requires a new subspecific name : P. gutturalis

sataratior.

The females of the two forms are perhaps not distinguishable, unless those of

P. gutturalis saturatior are more blackish above.

18. Hagedashia hagedash (Lath.)

? . Bomili on the Ituri River, Congo Free State, 30. 5. 1899. " Iris blood-red ;

feet black with brick-red down the front of the toes and lower Iialf of metatarsus ;

bill black with reddish brown tip, basal half of culmen bright red."

I think that the colour of the iris is given wrong, probably, the blood having

broken out into the eyes, for the Hagedash has not red eyes.

I am inclined to believe that there are two subspecies of Hagedash, birds from

N.E. and Eastern Africa being smaller and paler than those from the West African

region, which have longer bills and darker breasts. Our material, however, is not

sufficient to settle this question.

19. Phoyx purpurea (L.)

?. Yanga on the Ituri River, Congo Free State, 29. 5. 1899. " Iris lemon

yellow."

211. Bubulcus ibis (L.)

? ad., twentieth day from Fort Beni in Great African Forest, 24. 5. 1899.

" Iris lemon yellow ; bill lemon yellow."

21. Columba unicincta Cass.

An adult ? of this rare pigeon was shot at Diapanda, a Suaheli settlement in

the Great African Forest, on the sixth day's march from Fort Bi^ni. " The iris

is blood-red ; feet slate-blue ; bill slaty blue, with paler tip : each eyelid with

narrow crimson ring, followed by a fleshy brown area, and finally a crimson

outer patch."

Columba unicincta is described from Gaboon (Agobai), and recorded also from

Liberia by Biittikofer, who figured it in the Notes of the Leyden Museum v. VIL pi. 6.

The specimen from the Great African Forest agrees perfectly with the original

description as well as with Biittikofer's figure.

Dr. Ansorge says these pigeons are very shy and diflicult to approach.

( 30 )

22. Tnrtur semitorquatus (nuiip.)-

Nairobe, 5. 2. 1809.

2?. Chalcopelia afra (T..).

Dwaiigiri (Singo), Uganda, 28. 3. 1800.

24. Tympanistria tympanistria (Temm.).

cJ ? Kikanja, Tom, 3. 4. 1899. "Iris brown : feet purple-red ; bill black with

jinri)le tinge ; gape purple-red."

These specimens are darker on the back and smaller (wing S 11.5, ? llii)

than Sonth African examples. There are probably two races.

2."). Vinago calva nudirostris (Swains.).

Kiclinehn, Torn, Ti. 4. 1899.

2f). Pternistes cranchi (Leach).

Specimens of both sexes from the Mokia River in Torn agree jierfectly with

typical y. craiiclii. Young birds have a good deal of white on the abdomen.

An adult male from Ngombe on the Congo has the rufous-brown edges to the

feathers of the abdomen deeper rnfons, but both Professor Reichenow and

Mr. Grant are of opinion that this is not a subspecific character.

27. Numida reichenowi Grant.

c? ad. ('ampi-ya-Simba, British East Africa, 13. 1. 1898. "Iris dark grey;

feet black ; upper jaw of bill dark grey-brown, lower bluish grey ; wattles blood-

red, and a patch of similar colour on lower bill near the base, extendiuu' round the

nostrils and over two-thirds of the helmet ; sides of throat bright blue, with black

mottlings over the throat and neck."

28. Numida ptilorhyncha LicUt.

? Nakabimba, Torn, 2. 4. 1x00. " Iris golden brown : feet pale chocolate,

brown scaling in front ; upper jaw red-brown, lower yellowish brown ; upper rim

of nostrils, and a double carnncular ridge between them, orange-red : skin of chin

and throat pale lilac ; the bine wattles have no speck of red ; skin round eyes

lilac-blaok."

P Mokia River, Torn, 24. 4. 1809. " Iris dark brown : feet dark brown ;

bill reddish brown, but horn-grey towards tip ; wattles very pale blue ; two

whitish blue spots en upper eyelid ; all the blue marks are whitish blue or white ;

throat greyish black ; neck black ; no red spot on wattles ; bristly wart between

nostrils reddish brown."

<^? IIolulu River, tributary of Semliki River, Congo Free (State, C. 5. 1899.

" Iris dark brown ; feet chocolate brown ; upper jaw dnll red-brown near base,

rest of bill dull greenish grey; the bine marlsings are a mottling of dark and

light blue : wattles with a dark edge."

(31 )

All tbcse specimens heave very sbort bristly tufts between the nostrils, and in

the last-mentioned ? these tufts are entirely absent, although it doubtless belongs

to this species. Probably all these Central African birds belong to an unnamed

subspecies. 0. Neumann has separated several races of iV. ptilor/ii/iic/ni, but it

must be said that Jesse's x\byssinian skins in the British Museum do not bear

out Neumann's character of the long tufts in the Abyssinian form, as they have

the bristly bunches rather short. The markings on the outer webs of the primaries

.seem to vary considerably.

29. Buteo augur Rupp.

(S 6 ad. Fort Gerry and Lake Varangot (U hour from Fort Gerry), Torn.

Uganda Protectorate, 12. and Ui. 4. 1699. "Iris dark brown ; feet lemon-yellow :

cere lemon-yellow ; bill dark grey with bluish tinge near base of mandible ; skin

round eyes greenish yellow."

30. Milvus aegyptius (Gm.).

c? ad. Nairobe, British East Africa, 'Z. 2. 1899. " Bill lemun yellow."

31. Falco cuvieri Smith.

<$ ad. Nairobe, 31. 1. 1899. "Iris dark brown; feet and cere lemon-yellow;

bill dark grey, shading off into greenish grey near base."

32. Poeocephalus aubryanus Souance.

? ad. Sukarumbi, one day from Fort Mbeui, Congo Free .State, 5. o. 1899.

" Iris orange ; feet covered with small black scales with white edges ; upper jaw

of bill horn-grey with black tip, lower black."

33. Turacus hartlaubi (Fischer & Reichen.)

(S ad. Nairobe, British East Africa, 5. 2. 1899. " Iris dark brown ; feet Idue-

black ; bill reddish brown."'

34. Corythaeola cristata (Vieill.).

?. Great African Forest, tn-entieth day from Fort Mbeni.

35. Colius leucotis berlepschi Hart.

Specimens from Fort George on Lake Albert Edward and Kitagwetoa in Torn

(April), as well as from Buaia (Bnsori), Uganda (March 1899), are all referable to

C. I. berlepschi, as separated from C. leucotis leucof/s and ('. /. njlnis in Apjiendi.x

p. 333 to Ausorge's " Under the African Sou " (London, 1899).

36. Coccystes afer (Licht.).

i ?. Karimia, Ussongora, Congo Free State, 1. 5. 1899. A uniform blue eg^^,

cat out of the female's body, measures 20 by 20-5 mm.

( 32 )

37. Centropus superciliosus (lleiniir. & Elnb.).

cf . Karimia, Ussongora, 1. 5. 1899. " Iris blood-red."

38. Chrysococcyx cupreus (Bodd.) ? !

An evidently yonng ? was .shot on the second day's march from Fort Mbfini.

" Its iris was pinkish-brown ; the feet yellowish-green ; bill black." It differs from

young of C. cupreus in the very narrow barring of the underside, each feather having

fonr or five distinct i)ale whitish bnff and bronzy green bars. I am inclined to

think that this bird is the yonng of an uudescribed form of Chrysococcyx nearest

to cupreus.

39. Indicator indicator (Gm.).

Wemi River, Torn, 21. 4. 1899. "Iris ochre. The song of this bird is a

constant ' wit-purr, wit-purr.' "

40. Tricholaema lachrymosum Cab.

(J ad. Kitagwetoa (Torn), 6. 4. 1899. " Iris orange-gold ; feet greenish grey;

bill black." The spots on the sides of this male are round, not ovate as in the/emale

recorded from Masongoleni in British East Africa (Ausorge's " Under the African

Snn," p. 335).

41. Melanobucco bidentatus aequatorialis HheW.

¥ ad. Kichuchn, Torn, 5. 4. 1899. " Iris brown, bare ; skin around the eyes

greenish yellow."

42. Barbatula subsulphurea (Fras.).

? . Kitima, Government station on the Ituri River, twenty-first day's march in

Great African Forest from Fort Beni. " Iris brown ; feet deep grey ; bill black.j^

43. Melanobucco leucocephalus (Defil.).

<J ad. Kikanja, Torn, 3. 4. 1899. " Iris brown."

44. lynx pectoralis Vig.

Nairobe, British East Africa, 5. 2. and 27. 1. 1899.

45. Thripias namaquus (Licht.) (Pan snbsp.).

A 7nale from Ussongora, collected 17. 11. 1889 by Emin Pasha, has the wing

longer than fonr South African males. The wing in the Ussongora bird is fully

5'5 in. long. In the Cat. B. Brit. Mas. v. XVIII. p. 307, 52 is given as the length

of the wing, those before me measure 52 to 53 inches. The bars on the underside

seem also to be narrower in the Ussongora bird.

( 33 )

4(5. Thripias namaquus schoensis (Hiiiip).

K female shot at Nairobe, 3. 1. 1899 by Dr. Ansorge. "Iris blood-red ; feet

and bill greenish grey."

47. Dendropicus poecilolaemus Rchw.

?. Kinyomozi (Torn), 4. 4. 1S09. " Iris red-lirnwn ; fpft eireenish-grpy ; bill

greenish alato."

48. Dendropicus tropicalis Rchw.

?. Kichnchu (Torn), 5. 4. 1899. "Iris red." ? Ngombe, Congo, Angnst

Bohndorff coll.

49. Dendromus permistus Rchw.

cJ ? jnv. Sakarnmbi, one day's march from Fort B(5ni, 5. ;">. 1899. " Iris dark

brown ; feet pale green ; bill grey with greenish bine tinge."

TiO. lyngipicus obsoletus iugens snbsp. nov.

One adnlt male from Xairobe ditiers from specimens from Senegambia and

Gambaga in being considerably larger and darker brown. Not having specimens

from N.E. Africa for comparison, I sent the bird to Prof Reichenow, who kindly

writes : " Das Exemplar ist wesentlioh dnnkler im Ton derbrannen Gefiederfiirbnng,

als Stiicke von Nordostafrika, auch grosser." Therefore, although I am not

generally inclined to describe subspecies from the evidence of single specimens, I do

not hesitate to separate tliis gigantic specimen under the name of ingois. The

measurements of the type are : wing 90 mm. (3ii.j inches) ; tail 46 ; metatarsus 14:

cnlmen 21 mm. " The iris is red-brown, feet greenish grey ; bill slate grey."

51. Coracias caudatus L.

(?. Nairolie, British East Africa, 2. '-i. 1899. Onter rectrices sjironting.

.02. Eurystomus afer (Lath.).

S ad. Kilgnrma (Bneknlla), Uganda, 29. 3. 1899.

r)3. Eurystomus gularis (Vieiil.).

? ad. Kitima, Government station on tlie Itnri River, twenty-iirst day from

Fort B6ni in Great African Forest.

54. Lophocerus erythrorhynchus (Temm.).

cJ ad. Kinani, British East Africa, 2. o. 1898. " Iris light yellow."

55. Lophocerus melanoleucus (Licht.).

S ad. Kibwezi, Ukamba, British East Africa, 28. 4. 1898. " Iris wliitish

yellow ; feet black ; bill red."

( :;i 1

•"'. Lophocerus fasciatus (Sliaw).

TambiiL', (i(ivcrijiiient statimi uii the Itiiri River, twenty-second day from Fort

Hi'-ni, in (ireat African Forest. " Iris dark brown ; feet pnrplisli black ; bill straw-

yellow, with deep red tip, line on npper jaw and nnder surface of lower jaw." This

specimen is marked cf, bnt according; to tlie Catalogue of Birrh it is a ?.

",. Halcyon chelicuti (Stanley).

Kaboa (Bnckulla), I'ganda and Ilolnhi Kiver (tribntary to the Semliki). Congo

Free State.

(ilanciug over onr series of //. rlnlicuti, it seems to be evident that Sontli African

Birds (Transvaal and Natal) are larger and have longer bills, while being generally

somewhat ])aler. Tlieir wings measure s-.^, s4, s."), sd, 87. sT mm. Specimens from

Sencgambia and SoiualilaiKl are mncli smaller, the wings measuring only 7<'i. ?(!. T'.i.

Ml mm., and their bills ;ire smaller. The former WduM be //. chrliciifi (li(ii>'iirii.tix

Sfrickl., the hitter //. rlirUi-nti iheUoiti (Stanl.) Is:j4. The difficulty in separating

these two forms is presented by the examples from Tropical Africa, ^^'est Africa to

East Africa, which are intermediate, their wings measuring 7."i. 7il, 7^, sn. So, ,sl.

s2, 83, S3, 83, 84, iso mm., but they have always much smaller bills. Thus it would

seem, that all the forms from North-East Africa and Seuegambia to about the

Zambesi cannot be separated at present, those from South Africa, however, being

iV. chelicuti (lamirensi».

■■>s. Alcedo quadribrachys guentheri Sharpe.

S. I'anga, on the Aruwimi Kiver, 1. 6. 1809. "Iris dark brown ; bill black :

feet coral red." This form, although easily distinguisliable from true quadnhmrluj!^.

can hardly be hioked upon more than a subspecies of the latter, being only smaller

and of a lighter green on the back, which is more like cobalt.

."^ifi. Merops persicus Pull.

S ad. Kasesi (Torn), 2-2. 4. 1890.

110. Merops apiaster li

Xakabinibii (Torn), ■.'. 4. IsO'.i.

111. Melittophagus gularis australis lichw.

? ad. Kitinia, Government station on ilie Ituii liiver, twenty-first day fmni

Fort Belli, in (Jrent .\frican ]''iirest, '2."i. -y l>0'.i. •■ Iris lilood-red, feet dark ]iurple-

Mn, k : bill lihiek;

This specimen agrees in evc^ry respect wil;h another ( 'ongn skin, and both differ

from twenty skins from Liberia, Sierra Leone, and (iold Coast in the following

(•ll;lracter^ : — •

There are less bine featlu^rs on the forehead. The snpereiliaiy [i.ile cobalt-bine

snp<'rciliary streak is ipiite indistinct, and no trace of it is cnutinned beyond the eyes,

'riiecobalt-l.lni' longirndinal spots on the breast are smaller, .-md the bliienn the rnm]i

is generally darker.

.1/. //(//</)•(.? '•('^?^-«//.-! is therefore a very distinct sulis]ieeies. (Cf .lotini.f. i>ni.

I^s;"), ]i. 22-2 : C'lt. II. rUit. .\f„.i. v. XVII. p. .■>!.)

( 3.i )

li-.'. Melittophagus cyauostictus (( 'alj.j.

Mubende (Bneknlla), Uganda, Nakabimba (Torn) and Fort George on Lake

Albert Edward.

This Bee-eater lias been somewhat unfortunate with regard to its name. Cabanis

first described it under the name of Merops cyanostictaa, as a donbtful variety of

"Mcrops enjthropterus" in 1800 in v. d. Decken's Reisen in Ost-Afriha, v. 3, ji. 34,

and elevated it to specific rank as Melitta cyanostictus in 1875, in Jonrn. f. (>ni. v. 2k,

p. 340. There is not the slightest doubt from the description and distribution

(Natal, Loango, and East Africa), given b}- Cabauis, that liis Af. cijnnostictKS is the

bird which has been mixed up with M. minutu&=enjthroptenis=pusHlus by Finsoh

and Hartlaub {y'dg. Osf-Aj'ril:as, pp. 1S8-91), Dresser (Moiwf/r. Mernp. p. Ill) and

otliers, while SJiarpe (Cat. B. Jhit. Mii.'^. v. XVII. p. 43, 1802), who must have

misunderstood ( 'abanis" description, renamed it M. mrr/i/ionalts, applying attlie same

time the name ^f. cyanost ictus to a bird found in Shoa, Somaliland and the coast

districts of East Africa to Mombasa, Dar-es-Salaam, Lamu, and Melindi southwards.

This spi'iies, whicli is charafterized by a broad bine frontal band, connected with an

I'Unally broad blue superciliary stripe, has apjiarcntly no name, and I linvc named it

<i '• Melittophagus sharpei,

in honour of our friend Dr. 81iarpc, who worked nut the Mi'iapidae for vol. XVII.

of the Cdtnlocim of Birds (Type: S w\. The Hand, Somaliland, 'VI. T. I'^'.U,

Donaldson >Smith coll.).

Witii regard to tlie synonymy of the MrliltOjihiKjux meiidionalis in tlie CdtiihHjKi-

of Birch (recte : J/, cyanosticus Cab.), I may add that Mrrops nnyolrnsis (ex Brisson,

(iw'picr (rAnfiola) is rightly quoted with a ? as a synonym, the description being

(prite obscure. On the other iiand, Merops corieijafiis, Finsch and Hartlaub, Viiq.

Ost-Afrif(/x, p. 191 , is not correctly quoted under this species, the description leaving

no doubt that the autliors really described the true ^f. rririrf/cifi/s Vieillot's, wliile

they mixed .]f. jinsilliis and eyavosf ictus Cab. under their JA. minntii.t.

'i4. Irrisor jacksoni iShariie.

? ad. Xairobe (B. K. A.). 2'.i. 1. l.s'.iii. "Iris dark brown, feet dark copper-

red, bill blood-red, eyelid red."

The adult female dift'ers fioni tlie adult male only in the shorter and straighter

bill (J 411, ¥ 3.3 mm.), and considerably smaller feet. The greater extension of

the green on the head is not a character of the female sex, but jirobably due to

immaturity, ((^f. '.'at. B. Brit. Mns. v. XVI. p. ;21).

Another specimen, adult J, was shot on the second day in the (ireat African

Forest from Fort Mbeui, on May 0th, 189U. It agrees in every detail with i.

Irrisor jacksoni, except that the bill is much higher at the base and 45 mm.

long. It would be rash to establish a new subspecies without further evidence, but

I hardly think that this is typical I. jucksoni.

*■);■). Hirundo senegalensis L.

? ad. Kabuka (Singo), Uganda, '-'T. 3. 1809. " Iris dark brown." ? ad.

Great African Forest, fourth day from Fort Beui, 8. 5, 1899. $ ad. Itnri iJiver,

twentieth dav from Fort Beni, 24. 5. 1899.

( :i'i )

It wtiuld 111' woith wliile to measure a series oi' Senogambiiiu skins and others,

in ordei' to (iiul nut it' tliere are several snlispccies. AVe Lave only one bird from

Moshi (Wagndngn) from those regions. This has a wing of 1m mm., althongh it

is a ? Oar other e.xamples measure :

? Kabnka wing 141, ? African Forest 140, 6 Itm-i River 141, J Unyoro 141,

? Unyoro 145 mm. It also seems to me that the Moslii specimen is somewhat

jialer on tin- rump.

CO. Hirundo rustica L.

Two specimens, witli the underside rather reddish, were shot at Xakabimba

(Torn) on April 2iu\, 1S99. They were still both moulting their primaries.

OT. Hirundo nigrita Gray.

c? ad. and ? juv., Rafwazabangi, on the Itnri River, -IS. 5. 1890. Tlie young

liird is dusky brown, and lias the white patch on the throat larger than the adnlt

bird.

6*. Psalidoprocne nitens Cass.

Kitima, on the Itnri Rivc^-, ",;."). ."i. IsU'.i.

Oil. Melaeuornis edolioides (Swains.).

I'nrt (ieorgi- and Kikanja, iu Tom.

TO. Cassinia frazeri (Strickl.).

rf '.'linga (Siiaheli settlement in thi.' Great African Forest, eighth day from

Fort Be'ni), \2. 5. 18911.

Tl. Bradyornis murinus F. & H.

Karimia (Ussongora), Kichnchn (Torn), April and 'May.

T2. Tarsiger stellatus orientalis Fisch. & Rchw.

6 Xairobe, 30. 1. 1899. (Cf. App. to Ansorge's "Under the African Snii."

p. ;!:1S).

73. Platystira cyanea (V. L. S. MiilU.

Kichuchu, Tom. :<. 4. l>'.i'.i.

T4. Batis puella Rchw.

Nairobe. I>v\-angiri in Uganda, Kinibngn in Torn.

:.">. Bias musicus (VieilL).

J ail. (ireat African Forest, Itnri liiver, twentietii day from l''ort Hriii,

24. 5. 1899. '■ Iris and feet lemon-vcllow, bill black,"

( •'57 )

76. Elminia lougicauda (8wiiius.).

1 'iaijuuda ou the Ituri, Uj,'auda and Uuyoro. Elminia fhcrcsHa does uot beeiu

to difi'er at all. Neither Reicbeiiow uor I can see the supposed ditVorences.

T7. Artomyias fuliginosa J. & E. Veneaux.

S ? Diapauda, Suaheli settlement in the Great Forest, sixth daj's march from

Fort Beui, 10. 5. 189U. " Iris greyish brown."

78. Alseonax pumila Kcliw.

? ad. and S pull., Nairobe, 5. 'i. 1899. " Iris dark brown, bill and feet black."

Tlie pullus is above spotted (like all yonng flj'catchers) with rusty butf. and the

t'catliers of the underside are fringed with blackish browu.

79. Muscicapa infulata Hartl.

S ad. Lake Varan got in Torn, Hi. 4. 1809.

80. Muscicapa lugens (Hartl.).

¥ juv. Yauga on the Ituri River, 29. 6. 1899. Tips of wing-coverts rusty

brown, edges of secondaries buff.

81. Muscicapa torueusis sp. nov.

? ad. Fort Gerry, Toru, 9. 4. 1899. Differs from M. caendescens, its nearest

ally, in being mucli more and uniform grey, not so whitish ou the throat and middle

of abdomen, in having grey, not white, nuder wing-coverts, and a larger bill.

Muscicdjja Mji/u'tisis .Shelley from Nyassaland is much larger, whiter lieloA\-, and

has the lores and foreliead white. The latter is almost a Iiioplrornia. AVing of

.)/. tonccHsis Si, tail (50, eulmen from forehead to tip 17'.5, from nostrils to tiji

li-.") mm. •• Iris dark brown, feet black, bill slate-colour witli black tip."

s2. " Dioptroruis " fischeri Kehw.

Nairobe, 28. 1. 1899. "Iris and feet chocolate-browu, bill bluish grey with

dark grey tips." I do not consider that the genus Dioptronun deserves to be

separated geuerically from Mtiscicopa, there being no structural ditfereuces of any

importance.

S3. LaniariuB aethiopicus major (Hartl.j.

Kaboa (Buekulla) and Mondo in Uganda Proper, March and April 1899.

" Iris reddish brown, feet slate-blue, bill black."

84. Laniarius erythrogaster (Cretiischm.)

c? Dwangiri (Siugo), Uganda, 28. 3. 1899. Lake Kikorongo (salt lake near

Lake Albert Edward), 2-5. 4. 1809. '• Iris straw-yellow."

( ^8 )

So. Dryoscopus augoleusis Uiirtl. cui siibsp. ?)

Ouc nude from Ltiapiuula in the (iieat Forest, sixth dav IVoiu Furl ISciii,

lU. 5. IS'.i'.i, ditl'ers from typical 1'. amjoh hsU in the V>cv\\n and 15riti^li Museums,*

.in haviug the crown not so black, but more slate-colour, the back and \viug-covert>

darker, the roots of the rump-feathers white, not greyish. 1 cannot, from the single

specimen, venture to say whether this is a new form or not.

8(1. Telephonus senegalus (L.).

Fort George, Mukia liiver, aud Kitagwetoa in Torn.

8T. Telephonus minutus llartl.

LaUe N'arangol and Kinyomuzi in Turn. •• iiis pinkish rod.""

^>. Laniiis excubitorius l''s .Ahus.

Kiclnichu and Untili in Turn. April iMi'.i. •• lri> brown, feet and liill Idack.'"

>'■'. Lanius coUaris humeralis Stanley,

r; ad. Nainibe, -,'(1. 1. 1>'.HI, rf? ? jnv. Nairube, -Jfi, 27, 2'.'. 1. ISD'.t, ? ad.

Lakp Varangot, Hi. 4. l-'.i'.i.

/ w. Corviiltur albicoUis (l-aih.).

li ad. Fort Gerry, Torn, 14. 4. 18U0. •• iris dark brown." The feathers on

head and neck are liver-brown, but some sprouting new feathers show that this

colouration is merely due to the age of plumage

'■•1. Dicrurus afer (Licht. sen.).

i S' Kikanja in 'fni-n. •• Iris bhjod-red."" The i is much ^mailer ihan l.he 6.

'•'2. Oriolus larvatiis Lich(.

J ad. and num. Kikanja (Turn), 3. 4. 1899. "Ins bloud-red." These are

large birds aud apparently not distinguishable from iSouth African specimens. The

wing is about 14i) mm. long. (). rolled is evidently merely a smaller northern race

of 0. larvatus, with the wing not more than about 125—129 mm., bnt two Somali-

land skins, collected by Dr. D. Smith, have the wiug.s 133 mm. long. The distribu-

tion of the two forms, 0. larcatus larcatus and O. larcatas rolleti, must therefore

be worked out in greater detail.

• The former — three from I'anicroons — conip.TJvd for me by I'rof. liL-ichenow : ilif latter -one single

?>[iecinien only — Viy nie.

( ■>'■> )

■^ 00. Oriolus laetior .Shaiiiu.

f^ ii<l. (ireiit African Foivsl, tliirtcciitli ilay's luarcli tVoiii Fort Huiii, 'i'^. o. l.s'j'.i.

" Ifis blood-red, feet bluish grey, bill pinkish red." This oriole has been mixed up

with 0. bmchi/rhi/tirhus for a long time. It differs from the latter, of wliieh I kuow

K])ecimeus from Sierra Leone aud Liberia ouly, iu the followiu;;- ejiaraeters : — The

back is lighter yellowish green ; the yellow collar wider and more spread over

the back, the lesser upper wing-coverts are golden-yellow, not olive-green as iu

O. bnirlnjHiiinrhus; the tail aud wings are lighter aud less tinged with olive. 8harpe

(in Hull. B. O. Club, uo. 4s, November 1897) described this form as dirteriug from

(). brarkijilqinchus "in being smaller, aud liaving a conspicuous yellow collar, the

yellow also being spread over the mantle." Tlie smaller size, however, attributed

to this form, is uot apparent iu the specimens before me. O. brachjrhi/iirhus has

also a yellow collar, but it is less clear aud narrower. Oriolus laetior differs from

<>. If r cat K s a,ud 0. larmtm rolU'ti m being smaller, having a smaller white alar

speculum, the conspicuous golden yellow shoulder, and iu liaving the outer edges of

the secondaries and greater wing-coverts grey. The presence of an alar speculum

(the tips of the primary coverts being white), the yellow least wiug-coverts and

grey edges on the wing, sejmrate U. laetior also at once from 0. ^/igripenin.'s.

'J4. Lamprocolius glaucovirens Elliot.

J ad. Great African Forest, seventh day's march from Fort Beni, 11. .j. ISVt'.i.

" Jris almost white with faint yellow tinge : bill and feet black." The head in this

species is not steel-blue iu any Congo s])ecimen before me, nor on fig. 'Z ]j1. Vll

Vat. B. Brit. Mus. v. XIIL These figures are not very accurate, and do uot fully

agree with nature, nor .with the descriptions (pp. 172, 173). L. ijlaiwocircns is very

closely allied to the Senegambian L. splendidus, aud perhaps only snbspecifically

separable.

05. Lamprocolius chalybeus Elir.

J ad. Nairobe, v;s. ]. ISiil). " Iris light yellow."

'Hi. Lamprotornis purpiu'opterus liiipii.

Ihvaiigiri (Sinud) in Ugand;i, l\aiinii;i in LTssongura. Congo Free Slate.

'•K. Pholidauges verreauxi Docage.

■ '~ ad. Jl.■^arosaro, U.tiaiulii., 1 I. ".. IS'.i'.i.

'IS. Bupliaga crythrorhyncha Stanley.

i ¥ Luba's (Usoga), Uganda rrotoclorale, '•). :). IsljO.

The four skins before me agree fully with the description, except thai theycwff/'o-

do uot differ from the males except in their smaller size, the wing being aboul

5 mm. shorter. The birds described as the females by Reicheuow (with a whitish

belly and under tail-coverts) may possibly be immature. Dr. Ausorge's birds are

l)robably not sexed wrongly, such mistakes occurring very seldom in his collections,

and their smaller size makes an error iui{)robable.

( 40)

00. Sitagra ocularia crocata (Hartl.)

S ad. Kilagweloa iii Torn, fi. -t. 1800. " Iris: iuucr circle grcyi^h-wLite, uuter

pale yellow. Feet pale slate-blue, bill black."

lM(i. Melanopteryx uigerrima (Vieill.)

Bafwazabangi, ou the Ituri River, :J*. 5. IbW. " Iris bright lemon-yellow."

im. Hyphantoruis fischeri (Ruhw.)

Fort George, 2(3. 4. 1800. " Iris dark browu."

lux'. H3rphantornis xanthops Hurt I.

Kitagwetoa aud Kinyomozi iu Torn, April l^O'.i. •• Iris pale golden yellow,

i'eet pale bruwu, bill black."

It to. Hyphantoruis castanops (Shelley).

Kichuchu, Kinyomozi and Bntiti in Torn, April IbO'.i. " Iris golden yellow,

bill black, t'ect pale brown."

1m4. Hyphantornis abyssinicus (Gm.)

Typical males, not differing from Abyssinian specimens, were procured at

Kahungi in Torn, and near Fort George ou the Albert Edward Lake. Une from

Kam))ala in Uganda has the black slightly more extended towards the nape, aud

was therelbre recoriled Ijy me as 77. bohndorJ]l Rchw. in Ausorge's " Under the

African Sun," p. 343). However, I am now of ojjinion, that those from Uganda and

Unyoro must be called ahyssinkm, while males from Stanley Falls (type or typical

specimens before me) have the black of the crown extended iu the middle for about

4 to 8 mm. more backwards. They were named bohiulorjfi, but are merely a slight

subspecies of 77. ubijssinicus. JIales from Bafwazabangi and other places on the

Ituri River are rather more like typical abi/ssiitirus, but one or two liavc the black

intermediate in extension between the two forms. This is, of course, not very easy

to observe, if the skins are uot first-rate: and those before me are not so.

loo. ■• Ploceus anomalus ' Rchw.

This interesting form is described from a single young bird by Reicheuow

iu the Joarn. f. Orn. 1887, p. 214. Three young birds, collected by the late BIr.

Bonny in the camp of the notorious " Rear-column " at Yambuga, on the Aruwimi

River, have been examined by Prof. Reicheuow and found to be the same as

his Ploceus anonifdus. All three are evidently immature, two have no black

feathers on the throat, while the third, very mutilated one, has a black throat.

The first primary is in length between that of a Ihjphanloniis and a Pijromelana,

and the tail resembles more i\x^ioi^ Pip- omelana. Unfortunately the adult male

is not yet known.

lOf'i. Icteropsis pelzelni (Hartl.).

?. Fort George, 27. 4. 18f>9. " Iris brown."

( 41 )

lor. Drepanoplectes jacksoni Sharpe.

A good series of this tine bird, described aud beantifiili}- ligiired in the Ibi.^,

1S91, p. 246, pi. 5, was obtained at Nairobc on January :51st, IsOO. The adult

malen have the " iris dark brown ; ieet mauve-black ; bill light greenish with

black near gape aud along the edges of the lower bill."' ? " Iris dark brown ;

feet light brown ; lower brownish grey."

\/ los. Penthetria eques (Hartl).

Holuln River (tributary of the «emliki), Congo Free State, 2. 5. 1809. t? ad. :

" Iris dark brown ; feet black ; bill slate-blue."

ln'.i. Urobrachya phoenicea (Heugl.).

Bauda ((Jhagwe), in Uganda Proper: Kikanjii, in Torn: Hululu River, in the

Congo Free f>tate.

'^ llii. Pyromelana uigrifrons Bohm.

SS. Kasesi, in Torn, and Fort George. ''Iris dark brown : feet pale brown ;

bill black." In both these specimens the chin shows irregular black spots.

111. Plocepasser melanorhynchus Riipp.

S ad. and nestling, Campi-ya-Simba, 13. 1. 1899. <? ad. : "Iris red-brown,"

nestling, " Iris dark grey." Colour and markings of the nestling are exactly as in

the adult male !

112. Philetaerus arnaudi Bp.

t 'ampi-ya-Simba, IT. 1. 1899. " Iris red-brown."

113. Spennestes stigmatophorus Kchw.

Tambuc, Government station on ferry across Ituri River, twenty-second Jay

m Great African Forest from Fort Be'ni.

114. Spei-mestes friugilloides (Lafr.).

From various places on the Ituri River.

The difference in size between various individuals is remarkable, but it does

not seem to be geographically limited. Some specimens from Liberia before me

look much darker on the back, but they have been in spirits, although this is

not said on the labels.

llo. Lagonostica brunneiceps Sharpe.

Mondo, in Uganda Proper. (See Ansorge's "Under the .\frican Sun,"

Appendix, p. 345.)

( 42 )

/ lltt. Pytelia ansorgei Hart.

Oiiu iii'ilf ill a wretcLt'd couditiou — the head siuasLed — wiis >hol ou tin- Wouji

Itiver, in Torn, on Ajiril ".'Ist, I'^'.i'J. The bill is slate-lilue, bhickish grey towards

the tip. The crowu (aud aiijiareiitly the head all round; deep black. Jliiid-iieck.

breast, abdomen, thighs, aud under tail-coverts slatj' or ashy grey ; back riimp

aud ujjjier tail-coverts golden olive. Quills and upper wing-coverts black with

broad edges ol" greenish olive, thus outwardly appearing greeuish olive. Sides

of chest golden olive. Under wing-coverts aud inner quill-lining white. Tail

black, outer rectrices more slate-colour. '• Iris and feet dark brown."' Wing ol,

tail 411, metatarsus 12, bill 0 mm. {Bull. IJ. 0. Clcb, December Is'.i'.i).

lit. Nigrita canicapilla sparsimgiittata Kchw.

Kichuchu, in Torn, o. 4. IsU'J. " Iris oehro-yellow."

Tills form. ditJ'ering from S.cank-apilla (■ardrai>illii only liy I lie lesser number

of spots on the wing, which are restricted to the smaller series of wing-coverts,

can only be regarded as a geographical race of the latter.

11>. Symplectes reichenowi Fisclier.

i ? ad. Nairobe, :V\ 1. 1809. " Iris in both sexes yellow : feet light brown ;

bill black."

V lift. Symplectes stuhlmanui Reliw. {Om. MoifiK^hfr. v. 1. p. :.".• (Imi:;;.

Kawelli (Buekulla), in Uganda ; Kitagwetoa, in Tom ; Masiudi, in Unyoro.

" Iris in the male ochre, in the female light yellow ; bill slaty black ; feet pale

brown."

1'2". Passer motitensis mfocinctus Fisch. & Rchw.

$ ?. Nairobe, ".'T. I. IS'.iii. ''Iris straw-yellow : feet dark grey with a slaty

tinge, bill deep grey, almost black."

It is evident that /-". rufocinctcs aud shelln'/l are only geographieal tipnn>

ol the same group as motltetnii'. They may be coniiiareil as follows : —

". Passer motitensis motitensis .\. Smith.

1849, A. bmitb, lUristr. Zool. 8. Ajr. pi. Ill ; 1888, SbiU'pu, Ciii. A". /(/■-(, Mm. v. XVl. p. Mi.

Larger, wing 8n mm., bill very thick and high, about IL' mm. Imig, sides

of head almost white (S. Africa).

h. Passer motitensis mfocinctus Fisch. I'v: Kchw.

1884, Jouin.r. Oni. p. 50 ; 1891, Sharpe, IbU p. 256.

A little smaller, wing TS mm., bill ei|iially Imig. but much less high, sides

of head grey (.Masailaudj.

( 43 )

'•. Passer motitensis shelleyi Sluiriu'.

IM'.il, //.<5 p. li.ii; : /'. iiwlHeHsis Heugliii and Brehm (nou ymitli !).

Smaller and paler than forms a aud 6, wiug 74 mm. ; bill short aud thick,

about IM mm. loug ; sides of head white as in /'. motUcHsis motiteiiisis. The

black patch behind the ear-coverts is present, more or less, in all the three forms,

but it is more conspicuous aud larger in F. m. shelleyi. Kordofau (^lelpesz,

Brehm. coU.j aud Lado (Emin coll.).

1-1. Seriuus ;"/' //ofn(.s ('litlifMjvn) albifrons Sharpe.

ISyi. Ibis pp. 118, 'IIm.

i. Nairobe, :'>i». I, lM)'.i. " Iris aud feet light brown : bill brownish grey ;

lower bill greyish white." This specimen agrees wiili Dr. Sharpe's description,

but it has live white feathers on the crown.

l^J. Fringillaria tahapisi (A. Smith).

i ?. Fort George, on Lake Albert Edward, '.i't. 4. Isii',). •• Iris dark bn

123. Passer diflFusus g'oug'onensis Onst.

i^airobe. " Iris sepia ; feet pale brown : bill black."

This is a distinct subspecies of Passer <l(//'usus, nearest fo the form to be called

/'. diffusus swainsoni. It is best diagnosed as follows :

Formae " Passer rliffusus swainsoiii''' uomiuaudae colore simillimus, sed ditfert

magnitndiue iugeute, rostro altiorc, alls longioribus. Altit. rostr. 10 — 11 mm.,

al. 00— '.to mm.

Hob. Gongoni, Witu, Lamu, Nairobe, in Africa orieutali. In 1890 Dr. Oustalet

described this form as the representative of a new genus in the XaticrUste, calling

it Pseuilostrutkus i/o»gonensis. He diagnosed the genus and species as follows :

'" Pseuilostratlius, nocum (/enus e.r finmlia Ploeeidnrum, rostro crassiore a

i/eiieri Plocelpusseniiii d/ceisum."

" Pseiiilostrutlius yonyoneitsis, noca. speeies Passeri dijl'iisu coloriOi'.s siiiiillhnns,

srd rostro inulto crassiore alisquc lonyiorilms talde dicersa."

A detailed des(tri2)tiiin is then added, which leaves no doulit, that this form

is meant.

While (Justalct created a new genus ol' the family Ploccidae for this sparrow,

which, it must be said again, does not agree with Passer dij'tmis, but with

sicai/iso?ii, Berlepsch enumerated it as P. swainsoni in the list of Witu aud Lamu

birds in Ahhandl. Senckenb. Xat. Lies. vol. XXL pp. 481, 483, calling, however,

attention to the euormous size of these specimens, and British ornithologists have

not separated it from P. d. swainsoni. Although 1 am decidedly of the opinion

that this form must be separated from P. d. swainsoni, I cannot consider it to be

more than a subspecies or geographical race of the latter, and I regard it as most

unfortunate tliat in ornithology the larger size and higher culmen of a bird is ever

thought to be sufficient for a new genus, while the entire similarity in cidours is

deliberateh' disregarded.

( 44 )

I am grateful to my friend Dr. SliuriJC, wbu called my alteutiuu to Professor

Onsitalet's descrijitiou of l'xru(l()i<tr"t/(iis, or 1 would most likely have j,'iveii a now

>uljsijecitic name to this large form of Afrieau sparrows.

I mnst add that I'assi'r swaiiisoxi, ditferiug oul}- in its dark ashy grey sides

of the head and crown, its rather grey underside and less whitish throat and

abdomen from (Hjf'itsHs, mnst be united with the (Ujf'ttsius grouj), and kept as a

subspecies of the latter. For those who make bold to separate swainsoni and

(lifusui specifically, I'usser goMjonemis will also bo a species in their sense,

being the most distinct of all these forms.

124. Passer diflPusus ugandae Kchw.

i Kaboa (iJuekulIa), Uganda, 6 ? Fort George, Torn, end iii Ai>ril, Kitima,

(ioverument station on the Ituri River, twenty-first day from Fort Bdni, iu Great

African Forest, 2a. u. IsO'.i, S Bafwazabangi, on the Ituri River, 2.j. 5. \WM. All

these specimens seem to belong to exactly the same form, and, if separable from

typical P. (lijf'iaiis. mnst be called /'. (lijf'usus lujumhie Rchw. This form lias

been separated by Professor Ueicheuow iu Om. Moimtsbcr., v. YII. \<. I'.iU (December

1899), on account of its red-brown back wliich approaches the colouration of the

rumj), and its very long wings ; measurements of the latter are not given. The

length of the wing I cannot fully ajipreciate. The wings of sixteen skins from

Uganda, Uuyoro, Torn, and the Upper Congo region have the wings 78 to 8o

in length : six from Natal about 80 to 82 ; one from Nyassalaud 8(3 mm. The

more reddish brown back, however, of the Central African birds is distinctly visible,

if eom]iared with the (typical) South African birds.

On the same page Professor lleichenow names the specimens from Maugu in

the Togo Hinterland Passer diffnsus thierr>/i, in honour of the energetic collector,

Lieutenant Thierry. He informs us tliat they are strikingly pale on the uppersidc.

This I find to be the case in some Senegambian skins in the Tring Museum, and

they seem also to be smaller, the wings measuring only 79 to f>l mm. The fauna

of Senegambia agreeing with the Maugu fauna, the Senegambiau (and Manga) form

must, I think, bear the name Passer (Hffa^Ks i/ida/'/s Lesson, 1839. It remain^

to Ije found out whether tiiere is again a darker-coloured race iu (he forest region

of West Africa. I have before me, in the Tring Museum, a imde brouglit to

Jjuglaud by a palm-oU ship from the West Coast, and one collected by Ussbcr iu

Fautee. Both have the wings long (.S3 and S-t mm.), and the former appears very

deej) red on the back. Perhaps the sjiarrow collected by me at Loko on the Beiiue,

and a series of Niger skins, can throw a light on this ijuestion. if they are

dirt'ereut they would have to bear the name occidentalis of Shelley, under which

1 recorded them in the Journ. f. Orit. for 1886 p. 58^.

We would llien Lave in Africa the following forms of sjiarrows of (hi.,

group :-

1. Passer (liffusus dij'usus : South Africa. Back rather ashy brown, in sharp

contrast to the rump. Generally large.

2. P.diffmii.s ugandae: Central Africa (Uganda to Congo). Back rufous, not

iu such a sharp contrast to the rump (? smaller than No. 1).

3. P. diffuses occidcHtalis : West African forest region. Deep rufous brown

above. Wings rather long. This form is possibly not separable from /'. d.

•igrindae, which then would have to be called on-identalis.

(45 )

4. F. (lljf'ii.<:us (iHlariii : Senps;am1)iaii region to Niger, as far as tlie " Stejipeu-

gebiet " roaches, and Lado (Emiu). Paler above, wiug rather short. (Syuon5'm

P. d. thiernji.)

5. P. (lijfusus sivainsoni : North-East Africa. Darker grev ou the underside ;

throat and abdomen less whitish. Rather large.

0. P. dijfttsus gongonenxis : Gongoni, Witn, Lamn, Xairobe, in East Africa.

Like P. (I. swninsoni, bnt with enormous liill and long wings.

l-'-'i. Anthus pyrrhonotus fVieill.).

? ad. Fort George, Torn, 28. 4. ISOO. (Cf. Cut. B. Brit. M>i.-<. X. p. .").")."i.)

Vl(\. Anthus rufulus cinnamomeus Rnjip.

Xairobe and Fort George, common.

I have named this bird as above, since I am not fully convinced that tlie Indian

and African forms are quite the same. The latter seems to be more brownish above

nnd the legs lighter (yellowish brown according to Dr. Ansorge's labels). I am

convinced that Vieillofs name rufidtts refers to the Indian form of this jiipit, and

that the name nifulns therefore cannot stand for the Crrtlnl(ui//,i, tn which it is

likewise ajiplied in the Cat. B. Brit. Mus. This latter will have to be called

C-rthilaiida fdljofaariatK Lafr. (Of. Cat. B. X. p. .''.74 and XIII. p. .'M.'i.)

12T. Motacilla flava Ij.

6 ad. Luba"s (Fsoga), Uganda Protectorate, '.i. 3. l.sOO, ? Fort (Jerrv, lo. 4.

ISOO.

'\-l><. Mirafra africana (A. Smith).

This lark must be divided into four geographical representative forms, accordins;

to the present state of my knowledge.

". Mirafra africana africana (A. Smith).

South Africa, evidently soutii of the great mountain range. Wing in males

00 — 102, females 04 mm. Colouration as described in detail by Sharpe in Cat. B.

Brif. .Wis. XIII. p. 008.

'''. Mirafra africana transvaalensis subsp. nov.

Transvaal. Wing in males 00—08, females 87 mm. Bill and feet smaller,

colouration more rufous, the rufous colour on the crown not contiiied to tlie nape,

but reaching almost to the forehead. (Cf. Cat. B. Brit. Mus. XIII. p. OOS note.)

(Ty]ie from Rnstenburg).

'■■ Mirafra africana tropicalis snlisp. miv.

Tropical East Africa to Lake districts an<l Uganda. Size of J/, u. q/'rictaiii,

bnt the markings bolder, the black centres to the feathers larger and moi'c defined,

generally more rufous brown and less asliy.

I am unacrinainted with specimens from tiie West Coast, where .1/. ufririiini is

said to occur from Cnnene River to Gaboon.

C 4fi )

'/. Mirafi-a africana athi .su1js]i. imv.

Athi Waiu, Britisli East Africa, ~4. and ,'•">. 1. ISii'.i. Tbis luaguiliceiil ionu is

mncli more distinct than forms b and c, and most ornithologists would probably

call it a " good s.i)ecies." It difi'crs at a glance from the other forms by its mnch

paler and more greyish general apj)oarance. The wing-coverts are not rufous, but

greyish-brown with black ante-apical patches. The feathers of the uppcrside are

black with wide whitish-brown borders, the head much lighter than in the allied

forms, the nape not conspicuously rufons, the superciliary stripe almost white and

very conspicuous, the throat white, the size perhaps a little smaller : wing in one

male 10], in the females 05 — 06 mm. Under wing-coverts and wing-liuir.g much

jialir than in tlie other forms, the under tail-coverts very pale isabelliue, nearly

white. " Iris orange golden, feet flesh-colour, upper bill dark grey, lower yellowisli

grey."

A young bird, Nairobe, :'>!. 1. IS'.iii, evidently belongs to this same form. It is

mucli more blackish, the crown of the head almost black, the feathers of tlie upper-

side and wing-coverts are blackish brown with sharply limited whitish edges. The

spots on the cro]i-region are larger tlian in the adult bird, the rectrices, as usual in-

yonng larks, are narrower and somewhat pointed. -'Tlie iris was brown, feet light

brown."'

I-"-'. Mirafra fischeri (Rchw.)

cJ ad. Kitagwetoa in Torn, 0. 4. Is'.i'.i. " Iris dark brown, feet pale brown,

upper bill dark, lower pale grey." Specimens of this lark are in the Tring Museum

now from Ussambiro, Fadjuli (Emin Pasha coll.), Dar-es-Salaam (collector un-

known), Mombasa (Kretschmer coll.), and Samburu, four days from ^Mombasa

(Ansorge coll.).

1311. Mirafra rufocinnamoinea (Salvad.) (an torrida?)

J ad. L'ampi-ya-Siniba, 11. 1. 1890. " Iris sepia, feet liglit brown. Ujiper bill

dark grey, lower ligiit grey."'

Rharpe has identified Shelley's Mirafrn torrida from Ugogo with Salvadori"s

.1/. riifocwrtiimomcii from Aliyssinia, and Professor Reichenow has kindly named the

specimen in question as .1/. nifocinnamomea, thus evidently agreeing with Dr. Sliarpc.

It is, of course, quite jiossible that both forms cannot be sejiarated. but a series from

the various jilaces shoidd be compared. As it is, the rufous foi'in liefore me i>

.apparently only a rufons subspecies of .1/. p'schrri, from which it differs only in the

very much more rufous colouration everywhere. In the description of the type by

Henglin I do not see the cross-markings mentioned which are so characteristic to

the uppcrside o^ M. fischer! t'xclieri audits rufous subspecies. The latter is probably

the desert form. (( T. P. Z. .S. 1sn2 pi. XVII. (very bad figure), (>//. [I. lirit. .Uus.

XIII. p. OlMI.)

131. Mirafra intercedens Rchw.

Shot at ( 'amjji-ya-Simba on the same day as tlie jireceding species, and was

therefore on the label marked as the female of the larter. This, however, is erro-

neous, the two species being jjerfectiy distinct, (.'olour of iris sepia, feet and bill as

in the preceding species.

( 47 )

l:i-. Tephrocorys cinerea (Gm.).

1 am not a little puzzled by two males of a lark shot in tlie Athi Plain, British

East Africa, on January 25th, 1800, and which, as far as I can see, do not differ

from Sonth African T. cinerea, of which I have a good series to compare. It may

be that the patch on the sides of the neck is rather dark. The wings measure 03

and 04 mm.

This species consists, in my opinion, of a number of races, or geographical

representatives.*

". Tephrocorys cinerea cinerea (Gm.).

Sonth Africa. (Two from Athi Plain apparently not separable I ?) Outer web

of two onter rectrices margined with white. Nape not sharply streaked witli black.

ij. Tephrocorys cinerea spleniata (Strickl.

X. n.'iniaralnnil U\ Bengnola. Like a, but paler.

'•. Tephrocorys cinerea anderssoni (Tristr.)

Hamuralaiid. Like n, but more rnfons on the sides, outer web of outermost

rectrix fulvcscent, that of second not different from the rest.

<•/. Tephrocorys cinerea ruficeps (rfiip)).)

N.E. Africa. Spots on sides of neck blackish, sides and tail as in c ; nape

sharply streaked with black.

13P). Pycnonotus nigricans minor Hengl.

Kimbugu, Kinyomozi, (ireat African Forest, nineteenth day from Fort Ht'ni,

23. r.. 1800, and P.afwazabangi, on tlie Ituri Kiver, 28. o. 1890.

134. Andropadus gracilis Cab.

¥ Kitima, Government station on the Ituri liiver, twenty-first day's march

from Fort IVni. In tlie Cat. B. Brit. Jtfi/s. v. VI. p. 11.") this species is placed

in Clilornrteldii in Shelley's list of African birds under Criniger. I fail to see

generic differences from Andro/tddii^. and I doubt tlie generic distinctness of several

of these gonern. " Iris red."

13.j. Andropadus eugenius Uiliw. i'i).

One iiiiilc, sjiot in (ireat African Forest mi the fifth day's march from Fort

Beni, agrees with a specimen from Eldoma Ravine ( ? ), e.Kcept that the middle of

the abdomen is light jellow, the sides of the throat still more brilliant yellow, the

wing a little shorter (83 mm.\ The specimen has not the appearance of a young

bird, but Dr. Ansorge has marked it : " c? young. Iris dark grey ; feet yellowish-

brown ; bill dark greenish-brown." More specimens are necessary to decide

whether this bird is exactly the same as -1. enf/e/tias or not.

• C't, Cat. B. Brit. Mm. XIII. p. 561 (Sharpe).

C 48 )

l:iU. Andropadus virens ((^ass.)

$. Great African Forest, fifth day's march from Fort BtJui, 0. 5. 1899.

(?. Great African Forest, Kitima, Government station on the Itnri Biver. " Iris

dark grey."

137. Criniger flavigula (Cab.)

6 ?. Kiclinclin in Torn, Ti. 4. 1899. t?. "Iris old gold, feet greenish brown,

bill black." ?."lris lirown-nchre on inner circle, grey-brown on (infer. Fivt

"reenish-grey : bill blackisli." Tlic ? is mncli smaller than tlic mn/i:

138. Criniger tricolor (Cass.)

(S. Great African Forest, eleventh day's march from Fort Beni, 15. ;"). 1899.

" Iris ochre-grey."

139. Xenocichla hypoxantha Sliaijie.

J ad. Fort (ierry. Torn, U. 4. 1899.

140. Phyllostrephus flaviveutris monibasae Shell.

J ad. Makindos River, 4 11. 1890, agrees fnlly with typical momhame, except

that the wing is slightly longer, measuring 113 mm.

141. Turdinus albipectiis Rchw.

5 ?. Fourth and eighth day in Groat African Forest, Jlay 8th and 12th, 1899.

" Iris i red-brown, ? greyish-ochre ; feet bluish-grey ; upper bill slate-colour,

lower pale blnish-grey.'" S wing 74 mm., ? wing 68 mm.

142. Bradypterus apicalis (Cab.)

6 6. Kaboa in Uganda, Kikanja in Torn. " Iris pale ochre."

143. Cisticola rufopileata TJchw.

S- Warri, Lower Niger, 11. h). 1897. " Iris light brown : feet whitish ; bill

black." (Felix Roth. coll.). This is the bird erroneously called ('. nijicapilld in

Cat. B. VII. p. 248. If, however, the rufons outer aspect of the quills is the only

difference lietween C. cinernscrns and «". rxfopileafa, and their areas are not

separate, I cannot help doubting their specific distinctness.

144 Cisticola chubbi Sharpe.

cJ. Kitagwetoa in Torn, (i. 4. ISiiO. " Iris pale ochre ; feet flesh-colour."

14."). Cisticola cinerascens Hengl.

Karimia, 1. 5. 1899. "Iris gold-brown; feet pale brown; njiper bill dark

blackish-grey, lower light grey, darker towards the cntting-edge."

( 49 )

140. Cisticola strangei (Fras.)

S ad. Galabi in Uganda, Kasesi in Torn, March and April 1899. " Iris ochre."

147. Cisticola erythrogenys Riipp.

Nairobe, January 1899. " Iris reddish brown."

148. Cisticola hindei Sharpe.

A series from Nairobe, shot in the last days of January and the first days of

February 1899, are much lighter and paler, and the rump and npper tail-coverts

are more heavily patched with black, than in C. cisticola. They agree fully with

the types of C. hindei. This form is evidently a light form of C. cisticola. The

plate of €. hindei in the Ibis for 1898 does not give an idea of its pale colouration.

149. Erythropygia hai'tlaubi Rchw.

Fort Gerry and Nakabimba in Torn, April 1899. " Iris dark brown; feet slate-

grey." The nestling is above deep brown, spotted with pale rufous brown, each

feather being pale rufous brown, widely edged with blackish brown.

159. Euprinodes (? an potius Apalis) flavocincta Sharpe.

? ad. Nairobe, 5. 2. 1899.

lul. Camaroptera griseoviridis (v. Miill.)

$ ad. River Lubilia (one day's march westward from Lake Albert Edward),

Ussongora 30. 4. 1899. " Iris of the colour of old gold; feet 'yellowish-brown ; bill

dark grey."

152. Crateropus kirki Sharpe.

SS ad. Karimia (Ussongora), 1.5. 1899. "Iris orange-yellow, shading into

lemon-yellow towards inner edge ; feet steel-grey ; bill black."

153. Crateropus sharpei Rchw.

? ad. Kitagwetoa in Torn, 6. 4. 1890. "Iris: inner circle whitish-yellow,

shading into whitish-grey towards the outer circle ; feet dark grey with a faint

purple tinge ; bill black."

154. Zosterops stuhlmanni Rchw.

? ?. Kikanja in Torn, 3. 4. 1899. "Iris pale ochre." These two specimens

have been compared by Professor Reichenow with the type of the species.

155. Nectarinia kilimensis Shelley.

Kampala in Uganda ; Butiti, Lubona, and Kahangi in Torn, March and

April 1899. " Iris dark brown ; bill and feet black." 2^. filiola Hartl. is the

same. The supposed more reddish sheen of one of these supposed forms is quite

variable. Specimens of N. hilimensis m the British Museum and some named

for me by Reichenow, do not differ from the typical series of X. filiola collected

by Emin Pasha.

4

( •'"' )

ITiO. Cinuyris erythroceria (^Hniil).

Fort George and Fort Gerry, in Torn. '• Iris dark brown." Adiilt males with

central rectrices fnlly 20 mm. longer.

157. Cinnyris cuprea (Shaw).

Kawolli and Mnbende in BneUnlla : Galabi ia Singo, Uganda. '• Iris dark

browTi."

158. Cinnyris verticalis viridisplendens itcliw.

Kaboa (BuekuIIa), I. 4. ISOO, Fort (Jerry, Torn. '-K 4. Ix'.t'.V The f.-niale has

the wing T mm. shorter than th'.' adult male.

159. Cinnyris eboensis f-Iard.).

1^4.'?, N'-cliinnkt ehnfihtis, Jardine, in Xiilniiilisls /.ibrari/, v. xvi. Swilinl^' \t. 244 ; ibUhm pi. iUt

and p. 25 f. under the name of .V. udfllifrli : 1889, Oimn/ris rasUnieiniiliis. Madarasz in Omit

T. V. p. 149, pi.

The male diflers from ('. adidbi rti as follows : The wing-eoverts are uniform

deep olive-browu, not rnfons fawn-colour ; the abdomen is choe.olate-brown or very

nearly " burnt umber," not chestnut. The hindneck and back are not so l)lack ; the

throat is paler ; the crown is of a slightly more bluish, not so yellowish grten.

The type of Nertarinia edoe/isin is still in the British JIusenm, where it was

apparently not noticed by the author of vol. IX. of the Cat. II Brit. .!///.<. This

18 the sole representative of the S2)ecies in the British Musenui. A friend of

mine suggested (in litt.) that both (\ atlrlbi'rti and <'. t'/jor /?.■</'.■< might have been

found by 8helley on the Gold Coast, as that ornithologist mentions specimens

with light and dark wings; but I have e.xamined these specimens iind found

them all to be typical ('. adelberti in more or less faded and worn plumage. We

have thus two sj)ecios of subspecies : ('. addherti from the Gambia to the Gold

Ck)ast, (\ eboen»i.i from the Niger to the Congo. I have e.xamined forty specimens of

C. adelberti and seven of C eboensis, sent by Dr. Felix Hoth from Warri in the

Niger Coast Protectorate, while Prof Reichenow tells me that he has it from the

Congo. It is strange that Dr. von Jladarasz redesrribed r. ,•/)w/'.^•/.•^. without even

referring to the name eboensis.

100. Cinnyris acik aequatorialis Kchw.

According to the measurements given by Reichenow (in Om. Moid/er. \ii\V.i

p. 171) the specimens from Kitagwetoa (Torn), Bntiti (Torn), Fort George (Torn),

Kahaugi (Torn), and those recorded from Masindi, in Unyoro, in Ansorge's Under

the African Sun p. 351, would all belong to the subspecies which he describes

as a species (!) from Bnkoba and the Sesse Islands. This form cannot be con-

sidered to be more than a subspecies, the dilFerenees in the size of the wings,

tail and bill not amounting to more than 3 or 4 mm., and other differences not

being apparent, and the two forms rejilaeing each other.

On the same page (171) Prof lieicheuow also separates the southern (larger)

• It is carioaa that this work, which should be coirectly cim.ted as above, is persis-tently riuole 1 a.i

Monograph «/ Svnhiiilx. a title which iloos not exist.

( 51 )

aucl tie nortbeni (smaller — East African) forms of C. guttitralis, calling that

from East Africa C. ;/utt//ralis, that from Damaraland C. gutturalis (/amarensin.

The difference in the size of these two forms is apjiarently larger than that of

V. acik acik and ('. a. aeqiiatorialis, the wing being 75 — 58 in the southern,

''I — "2 in the northern form. Prof. Ileichenow's name damarensis, however,

cannot be nsed, as I have alread}- (Ansorge's Under the Afr. Sun p. 351) named the

East African small form ('. giitttiralis inaestimata, restricting the name gutfiiralis

to the large southern form. As Linnaeus did not give the exact locality, his species

being taken from Bvhsona'Gri.mpereaH noirastre de Bresil, and this name being

afterwards used for southern birds, I, as the first author, who discussed the forms,

had the right to restrict the first name t/'ittitralis to any one of them, and it seemed

to me more natural to apply it to the southern larger form.

A third closely allied form is C. giitt. safnrafior Rchw. from Angola.

Kil. Cinnyris chloropygia orphogaster Rchw.

S ad. Mohalla and Kitima, Great African Forest, on the Ituri River, 12th

«nd 21 st day from Fort Beni.

In no. 1- <if vol. VII (18'.)9) Orn. Movber. Prof. Reichenow has published the

results of a careful study of the forms of Cinm/ris cliloroypgin auct., as far as

material was available to him. Mr. Rothschild and I have gone over the series in

the Tring Museum, and we found that it fully bears out the conclusions arrived at

by Prof. Reichenow. We have the following specimens of the three forms

recognized by Prof Reichenow.

". Cinnyris chloropygia chloropygia -Tard.

Liberia (Robertsport), Demery coll., :! d , 'i ? ; Warri in the Niger (_'oast

Protectorate, Felix Roth coll., 5 c?, 3 ? ; Sierra Leone (Clements and Hogg coll.),

8 i. Reichenow says : Gold Coast, Niger.

/'. Cinnyris chloropygia orphogaster Rchw.

Djanda and Uvamba (Emin Pasha coll.), 2 S ; Ituri River (Ansorge coll.), 2 S .

Reichenow says : Mittel-Afriea (Bnkoba, Soweh I., Sessc Is., Sotik). (The Kitima

specimen seems to ajiproach ('. c. Inhderi a little.)

'■. Cinnyris chloropygia luhderi Rchw.

L6opoldville and iStanley Falls, C'ongo (Bohndortlcoll.); Aruwimi River (Camp

uf Rear-Column), Bonny coll. Reichenow says : Kamerun, Gabun, Loango.

The differences stated by Reichenow are easily recognizable, especially the

tyjiical form with its very short wing and pale abdomen is very distinct. There

is, however, a mistake in Reichenow's " key," the measurements of the two groups

under no. 2 being given as over 50 and under 50 mm., while it should clearly

be — as evident from the measurements given under no. 3 — over and under 5fi or

CO mm.

1G2. Farus niger Bonn, k Vieili.

Karimia, 1. 5. 1899. "Iris dark l)rown."

( 52 )

1(13. Cossypha heuglini llartl.

<J a<l. Kitagwetoa in Torn, 6. 4. IsnO. " Iris diocolate-brown. Feet purplisb

brown. Bill black." This s]>ecimen bas a wliite frontal band of 3 to 4 mm. 1 have

not found this in any specimen in Triug and London.

1G4. Cossypha subrufescens Boo.

Nairobe, 5. 2. 1899. " Iris dark lirown, feet and bill black." I follow Sharpe,

Reichenow, and Shelley in identifying the East African birds with C. subrufescens

of Bocage, but I have not been able to compare specimens.

1(5.5. Myrmecocichla nigra (Vieill.)

5 ad. Kiclinchu in Torn, ."). 4. 1>)99. "Iris dark brown." The birds without

white on throat and crown — black all over with only a large white shoulder-patch —

mnst be called by Vieillot's name nit/ra, based on Levaillant's Traquet f'om-

mandenr. J/, arnofti is a totally different species.

Professor Reichenow considers the totally blackish birds without white shonlder-

]iatch also to be ^f. nigra. AVe have got some from Uganda and Karimia. If tliey

really are M. nigra, then it is cnrious that they are all brownish, not pure black,

while those with the white shoulders are all deep glossy black. The latter are in

fresh jjlnmage, while the brown ones — although shot in the same month — are worn,

but it is strange that this state of plumage is the same in all of tliem, and that in

our good series there are no transitional examples.

1(5(!. Myrmecocichla cryptoleuca Sharpe.

(?(? Nairobe, 1.2. 1899. " Iris brown."

1()T. Myrmecocichla subrufipennis Rihw.

6 ad. Kinyomozi in Torn, 4. 4. 1899. " Iris brown. Bill and feet black."

108. Saxicola pleschanka (Lepech.)

Nairobe, 27, 29, 30. 1. 1899.

109. Saxicola isabellina Cretzschm.

Nairobe, 29. 1. 1899. Campi-ya-Simba, 11. 1. 1899.

ITtJ. Pratincola rubetra (L.)

Uganda Projier, JIarch 1899.

ITl. Pratincola axillaris Shelley.

From Kiwalogoma (Chagwe), Lake Varangot in Torn, and Fort Gerry in Toru,

we have received specimens which fully agree with the typical series of Pratincola

emmae Hartlanb, bnt Professor Reichenow unites P. axillaris and P. e/nmae.

( 53 )

172. Turdus pelios saturatus (Cab.)

Saint Emma (Bnsiro) in Uganda, 23. 3. 1899; Kabangi and Bntiti in Torn,

7 and 8. 4. 1899 ; Fort George on Lake Albert Edward, 29. 4. 1899.

I believe that tliese four TLrnslies arc satiirati/s, and that also the si)ecimeus

from Unyoro which I recorded as Tiuy/iik hocagei in the Appendix to Ansorge's

" Under the African Sua," p. 354, belong to saturatus. They seem to difl'iT

very little from typical T. pelios from North-East Africa, but the wings are

said to be shorter, and it seems that the riist-coJour on the sides is less extended,

while the chest and npperside are equally dark or darker. If tliis form is separable

it can only stand as a subspecies. We have thus : —

1. 2\ir(Ius jjelios pelios. Large, with much rust-colour on the sides, brownish

chest : N.E. Africa.

2. T. pelios saturatus (Cab.) A little smaller, the rnst-colour less extended,

at least as dark or darker above and un the chest ; W. African forest-region to

Uganda.

3. T. pelios chiguancoiiles Seeb. Without or with very little rnst-colour on

the sides, chest paler. Senegambia, jirobably to Niger district, but birds from there

are perhaps slightly intermediate.

4. T. pelios hocagei (Cab.). A little larger than 2 and 3, as large as 1, chest

more or less rnfous. Angola (cf. Cah. J. f. 0. 1882 p. 320, Sharpe in Seebohm's

Monagr. TurcUdae, part VII.).

A series of Thrushes of this grouj) in the Tring Museum from Grand Cape

Mount, Liberia, labelled by Dr. Biittikofer, diti'er remarkably in their deep coloura-

tion and a very different rufous rust-colour under the wings. No one would hesitate

to separate this form (which by the extent of rnst-colour is clearly chiguancoides^,

on account of its singular colouration as a new subspecies, if it was not for the fact

that they have been in spirits and are skinned in Leyden. No remark to this eft'ect,

however, is on the labels ! Unfortunately many hundreds of such skins which have

been in spirits have been sold to various Museums in Europe, where they were

accepted in good faith, withont an idea that they had been in alcohol. The greatest

caution must therefore be used with regard to all Liberian skins in judging their

colour, and it is to be feared that Xenoricliln. hartcrti lieichenow (Nov. Zool. IS'.i."),

p. 60) is the first and probably not the last mistake which resulted from such

specimens. It is well that every ornithologist should be aware of the historr of

these Liberian skins.

( -i-l )

THE LEPIDOPTERA OF 13URU.

PART \.— i;iior.\T.och:E.\.

By W. J. J10LLANI1, Ph.D., Lh.D., F.Z.S., F.E.S., etc.,

Clianeellor of llie M'fslrrii Unhfrsili/ of Penttsylrama, unit Dirfctor of the Cariinjie

^funeuiii, Pittslntftjh.

ri~^)lE iskuil of Biini (>5ouroii, Bouro, Boeroe) is situated .aiijiroximatolv ii>

J- lat. :r LV to :i 5iJ' S. and loii.i;-. 120° to 1'..'7 15' E., reckoned from

(ireeiiwicb. According to von Carnbei- it lias an area of 348T square miles,

covering tbereibre an area about three-lnnrtlis the size of tlie state of Connecticut.

It belongs to the Dutch Residency of Ainl)oyna, and is divided into twelve regencies

subject to tlie general control of a deputy appointed by the Resident of Aniboyna.

The deputy has his residence at Cajeli (=Kajeli = Kayeli) on tlie eastern coast.

The ]iort of Cajeli in 1804 was declared free to the shi])s of all nations.

Tiie island is mountainous in the interior, the highest i)eak, Tomahoe, rising

to an elevation of 8029 feet above the level of the sea. The seaboard districts

are alluvial and marshy in many jjarts. The island is traversed by a multitude

of small streams, having a short but rapid course from the interior to the sea>

very few of them being worthy of being designated as rivers, except the Cajeli,

or AVai Apoe, whicli is navigable for a short distance. In the western portion of

the island is a large sheet of water, Lake AVakoholo. with a circumference of

thirty-seven miles and a width of two miles, which appears to occujiy the crater

of an extinct volcano, at an elevation of I'.iUO feet above sea level. Jlnch of

the island is covered with scattering forests, and the lowlands with tall marsh

grasses. The si)il where cleared is fertile. (Joffee and cacao are extensively

cultivated. Trojiical fruits abound. The principal artiide of export is cajeput

oil, distilled iVom the leaves of Jlejalenca cajapnti, which is extensively used

as a ])anacea throughout the lands of the Malays, and ])0ssesses valne as an

anti-spasmodic and sudorific, and is reputed to be a specific in rheuraati<;

affections, when a])plied externally.

The flora of the island is very rich. Tlie mammalian fiiuna is not extensive,

but interesting. The avifauna, on the other hand, is of considerable extent^

and includes a number of sj)ecies p<'culiar to the island. Tlie natural history of

Burn has received attention from a number of travellers and explorers ; Forbes

and Wallace being the only ones who have written at any great length npoii

tiic subject. Very little, has been written upon the \Lfjtit/ojjf<-i(i. Boisduval in

tlie \'o'/age <li- L' Astrolabe mentions a number of sjiecies found upon the i.sland.

Wallace in several papers describes species of his collecting as new to science,

and in the jiapers of a number of other authors' there are occasional references

t(i species found here. The entire literature of the subject does not, however,

furnish a hundred references to species distinctly known lo belong to the fauna

of Bnni. Mr. Wallace a])])arently did not do very well in his collecting upon

the island excejit among the I'ieridac, Kiihu failed almost entirely, and Forbea

did not accomplish much. It was left to Mr. William Doherty, the intrepid

naturalist explorer of the Malay Arcliiiielago, to make the first considerable

collection which lia^i ever been made niiou the island. U])on this collection,

which was gathered iu December of 18iil and January c;l' is'.jj, the following

paper is based.

( 5.3 )

With the exee])tiitii of the Tin-tricidw, 'rin:i<la.<!, auJ Pterophorida', which

were sent to Lord A\'alsingham, the entire collection made at this time came into

iiiv possession. At intervals of leisure I have devoted to it my best eftbrts, and

tliink that I have sncceeded in working it out with reasonable certainty. 1 am

es])ecially iudobteil to Sir (4eorge F Hampsou for invaluable assistanci! rendered

me iu the determination of the m)tli:^, whie'i formed a very large part of the

collection.

A letter sent me by Mr. Doherty at the time he sent me the collection contains

some facts wliicli are of interest in regard to localities on the island, which he

visited. He says : " Bnru is assuredly a liard nut to crack. . . . Kajeli, the chief

j>ort, is a hopeless place for insects. I collec:ted a little at Labuan Barat, not far

from ^\■allace's place, Waipnti. But most of my work was done mncli farther

iin, on both sides of C!ape Saruma, the south-eastern point of the island, at Hat

(especially), Kusu-Kusu, Poli, and Wailawa. We collected up to about -Oijit feet

on Mount Lumara, at the liack of Hat. From Kajeli to Hat, my headipiarters,

it is two nights by ' prau.' We spent the intervening day at Labuan 15arat. The

weather was stormy, and the voyage most dangerous and exhausting : otherwise

we had a rather pleasant though fatiguing time, and did not lose a single day's

collecting. Our health was good during the whole time. The great objection to

this coast is that it is all high virgin forest, wholly witliout paths. Pieridae are

therefore scarce. The long walks were very hard on us. Generally in the morning

we plodded through the loose sand of the beach, jnmjiiug the streams, till wo came

to some big one which we ascended for miles (each taking his own). H raiued every

day at ',' p.m., so that in coming back the streams were generally in flood, and we

had to cross them waist-deep. Then the tide would probably be up, and we would

have to walk long distances in the water. Ou the whole, I think, i)utting moths

against butterflies, we did about as well as we could have in the dry season. I doubt

whether any locality in Burn is better than Hat, except the Wakoholoctuntry, which

is practically inaccessible, except for a few days' trip in light marching order, on

account of the want of coolies. The people of the country I visited ar>; Alfnros —

lieathen, very friendly, honest folk. They came down to the coast only a generation

ago, and the interior is now quite uninhabited excejjt at Wakoholo and on the Waijafo

liiver (where there is absolutely no forest). At the back of Hat is Jlount Lumara,

some six thousand feet high, covered with unbroken forests. Over much of this

country there are island-like masses, ridges of metamorphic limestone, jiierced by

thousand of caves, much as in Timor or the Malay Peninsula. Ajiart from this the

usual surface rock is micaceous sandstone, overlaying great beds of true mica-schist

exactly like that in the Alps. There is coal in the west, and Mount Tomahoe is

said to be volcanic." ..." The moths were all taken Viy beating, or at light.

Baits failed. When you thiuk that Dr. Platen only got eighty odd species in

fourteen months in Palawan, Hibbe and Kiiha one hundred and fifty in Aru in

twelve months, and Ribbe eighty odd in tieram in over four months, yon can see

tliat I am sending yon something quite out of the common order."

It remains to be said that the species taken by Jlr. Doherty reveal a very close

affinity between the fauna of Burn and Amboyna. Hi the determination of species

much assistance has therefore been derived from the very thorough and important

papers which have ajipeared from time to time upon the lepidoptera of the latter

island from the pen of Dr. Arnold Pagenstecher, and also from the various papers

of the distingnished Dutch naturalist, P. (". T. Snellen of Rotterdam.

(56)

RHOPALOC'ERA.

Family NYMPHALIDAE Swainson.

Subfamily DANAINAE Bates.

Genvs HESTIA Hiibner.

1. Hestia aza (Boisduval), Voyage de V Astrolabe, Lepidoptcra p. 106 (lbi32).

The collection contains a very large series of this species, represented bj-

both sexes.

Genus RADENA Moore.

2. Radena buruensis sp. nov.

This species is veiy closely allied to R. luzonica Moore, but may be at once

distinguished from it by the prevalently small size of the light spots upon the wings

and the consequent enlargement of the black areas in the discal and outer marginal

areas of both the primaries and the secondaries. Compared with a series of

R. luzonica, this feature is well marked and constant, and permits of an instant

discrimination of the two forms.

The collection contains a series of fifteen examples, which show almost no

variation whatever in the markings.

Genus TIRUMALA Moore.

3. Tirumala hamata (Macleay), in King's Australia II. p. 4(il (1827) ; Bloore,

Proc. Zool. Soc. Land. p. 232 (1883).

This species is represented by three males.

Genus NASUMA Moore.

4. Nasuma ismare (Cramer), Pap. Exot. III. t. 279. f. E. F (1782); Moore,

Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 233 (1883).

Mr. Doherty captured two males and two/emales of this species during his stay

ou the island.

Genus ANOSIA Hiibner.

5. Anosia plexippus (L.), S//st. j\'at. ed. X. p. 471 (1758).

(For synonym} see Moore, Monograph of Limnaina and Euploeina, Proc. Zool.

Soc. Lond. (1883), and Scndder, Butterjties of New England.)

The collection contains several specimens of this species in nowise differing

from examples captured dnring the past autumn in Pennsylvania. The tendency

to melanism shown in the form erippus, which is commonly received from the

tropical jwrtions of the American Continent, is not displayed by these specimens.

They arc bright in colour, like the form prevalent in the United States, and this is

also true of specimens which I have received from other islands of the Eastern

Archipelago and from Australia, in which the species has only recently become

domiciled. This fact seems to point to the introduction of the species into the

( 57 )

oriental fauna by <a process of emigration proceeding from the more northern portions

of the American Continent. If the tendency to melanism, which is so apparent in

the great majority of South American specimens, is due to climatic and specifically

thermal influences, as is probable, the conformity of the specimens from tlie hot

tropical regions of the Australian and Indo-malayan regions to the nearctic type

reveals that a sufficient length of time has not yet elapsed to bring about the dusky

colouration found in specimens coining from the tropical regions of the New World.

Genus LIMNAS Hiibner.

(). Limnas petilia (Stoll), Cramer, Pa}). Exot. Snppl. t. 28. f. 3 (1790) ; Moore,

Proc. Zool. Soc. Loud. p. 239 (1883).

Only two specimens of this species are contained in the collection.

Genus SALATURA Moore.

T. Salatura philene (Cramer), Pap. Exot. IV. t. 375. f. A. B (1782) ; Moore,

Proc. Zool. Soc. LoiuL p. 242 (1883).

One male and iwo femcdes.

Genus RAVADEBA Moore.

8. Ravadeba lutescens (Butler), Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 172. f. 3 (18G6) ; Moore,

Proc. Zool. Soc. Land. p. 245 (1883).

The species seems to be very common, and I received an enormous series.

There is considerable variation in the extent of the light spots in the cell of the

primaries, and in some specimens they tend to obsolescence. This is especially true

of the males, but less so in the case of the females. The light colour of the u])por

surface of the wings is not so bright a yellow as is found in specimens fromBatchian

contained in my collection.

Genus VADEBRA Moore.

9. V. dohertjri sj). nov.

(S . The wings on the upperside are deep blaelc shading on the outer margins

into warm brown, more particularly upon the secondaries. On the underside the

wings are paler, the dark tint being ahnost wholly confined to the region of the

cell, and the primaries on the inner margin being pale testaceous, or even white.

The primaries are marked by four spots : one in the cell near its end, one just

beyond the cell between the third median and the radial nervnles, and two below

this in the inner end of the interspaces on either side of the second median nervnle.

Of these three spots thus located beyond the end of the cell the lower one is oblong

and the largest of the series. They are bluish white in colour. The secondaries

have a small roundish spot at the end of the cell, and just beyond the end of the

cell a curved series of tive or six oblong spots in the interspaces. There is a

double marginal row of spots extending from the outer angle toward the inner

angle, which they do not however reach, generally terminating before the first

median nervule. The outermost series of these spots shows a marked tendency

to obsolescence, and in some specimens is entirely wanting.

( 58 )

?. 'the/emale is like the Male in colour niion the uppersiJc, except that the

light colour of the enter margins invades the inner surface of the wing to a

greater (k'i)lh. The ]irimavios on tlic underside are marked as in the malt', but

the spots are geuenilly a little larger, and there are two white linear streaks near

the inner margin, below the first median uervule. The secondaries liave the same

sjwts as in the male, but the two submarginal series of spots in many specimens are

either jiartially or now and then wholly obliterated. The discal sjiots are always

found, tliinigh sometimes they are ijuite small, ami at other times abnormally large.

Expanse : 6 and ? To to 85 mm. Descritud from 29 S d and 17 ? ?.

This insect has occasioned me not a little difficulty, as I natnrally am reluctant

to iidd another to the list of species in this group. At first I was inclined to

identify it with Kuplofa lapfi/roi'iici Boisd., one or two of the females in my

possession<-tallyiMg exactly witli the description given by Boisdnval in the Vo'juge

de IJAstrolabi . 1 tlien discovered that Mr. Moore has referred E. lape>/rousei

to his genus t'liirom. (ine of the characters of which is a broad sericeous band on

the ni)])erside of the primaries, and states ex])licitly that " the type specimen of

this species is much like C. jiierveti, excepting that the sericeons Mtreah is nnrrower

auil longer." As the insect before me is without the sexual brand on the primaries,

it cannot be therefore identified as the insect de.scribed by Boisdnval, whose types,

now in the possession of Mons. Charles Oberthiir, were consulted by both Dr.

Bntler and Di'. Moore in their preparation of their monographs of the Eup/oeiiiae.

Accepting the entire accuracy of the figure of Vadehra melina given by Dr. Butler

in the I'loe. Zool. 8oc. Lond. 1S66, p. 282, the insect before me cannot be well

referred to this species, although Dr. Boisdnval states that E. melina occurs

in Burn. I likewisn cannot bring myself to refer the form before me to the species

named and figured as Eiiploea dimcAia by Cramer, and made tlie tyjie of the genus

Vadebro by Moore. While the Cramerian figures are none of the best, tliere is

too great a discrejiancy between the figure and the insects under consideration to

permit me to assume their identity. 1 liave therefore ventured to name the

butterfly after its discoverer.

(^ENus GAMATOBA Moore.

III. G. spiculifera Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. j). 263 (1883).

The collection contains a small series of this fine species.

Genus BETANGA Moore.

11. CO B. duponcheli (Boisd.), Toy. .\strol., I.ep. p. 97 (1832).

This is another case in which the exceedingly brief description given by

Boisdnval leaves us in doubt. Mons. Oberthiir, in his Ijcpidoptere.t tManiens,

]i. 35, intimates that the insect ticketed as Kaploen duponekeli by Dr. Boisdnval,

and standing in his collection, does not agree at all with the published descrii)tion.

He assumes that the insect labelled in the British Musenm as K. duponcheli is

correctly determined. Boisdnval gives Burn as the habitat of the insect. I

have before me about eighty specimens evidently belonging to the same species,

vnile.<< &n<\ femakii. Among the females I find several which agree very well with

Boisdnval's descrij)tion except in one particular, which 1 shall point out presently.

( ^9 )

The description given in the Voijage, <le L' Astrolabe is as follows : '• Ailes d'un

bruu noir, pins pale a rextremite, sans taehes ; dessons des quatres avec deux

raiigs de points marginaux violatres ; les sni)drienres ayant en ontre qnatre points,

et les inferieures six points discoidaux violatres. Elle se tronve a Bonrou." The

])oint of discrepancy which most puzzles me is found in the entire absence on

the underside of the primaries of all my specimens, both mih'. xmA j'i:iii'il>>, of

the outermost row of marginal spots (/joints marglniuu-). They are found ou the

secondaries according to the description above cited, but not on tlie primaries,

where there is but one row, with only a faint suggestion in one or two s])ecimens

of the outer or strictly marginal scries. Beginning witli specimens which thus

accord in the main with the description of Dr. Boisduval, I am able to trace a

series of forms regularly intergrading until I arrive at forms in which the

description given by Boisduval does not at all apply. The maculation of the

underside of the wings advances stej) by step until we have specimens the undersides

of the wings of which are covered with small white spots arranged as follows :

Ou the primaries near the outer angle a few marginal spots, a submarginal series

of s])ots extending from the first median interspace to the costa, three spots before

the end of the cell at the inner end of the interspaces, the lowermost spot large

and oblong, a round spot in the cell near its end, and a moderately large costal spot

beyond the middle of the costa. On the secondaries there are three curved series

of spots, a marginal and submarginal not reaching the inner angle, and a curved

series of seven discal spots just beyond the cell, one on each interspace from vein 1

to vein 8, a roundish spot in the cell at its extremity, and four or five minute

white spots at the base of the wing. These spots also reappear more or less

(especially those of the submarginal series) upon the upperside of the wing, and

thus nullify the words of Dr. Boisduval's description, which declares that the upper

surface is devoid of markings. In spite of these numerous and apparently great

discrepancies between the description and some of the specimens, I am inclined

to think that I am right in identifying the forms before me as belonging to

B. ilupoiii-heli. At all events no other species from Burn seems to accord more

nearly with Boisduval's description.

Genus EUPLOEA Fabricius.

12. E. semicirculus Butler, Proc. Znol. Sac. Loud. p. '-itiO (l^iiS).

There is a small series of this species in which the specimens are considerably

larger than specimens I have received from Batchiau through Dr. Staudinger,

and in which the submarginal bine spots are considerably larger and more con-

spicuous. Otherwise there is no difference, and the insects agree well with the

figures and descriptions which have been given.

Genus CALLIPLOEA Butler.

13. C. infantilis Butler, Proc. /.ool. Soc. Loml p. 766. t. 77. f. 3 (1876).

There is one male specimen of this species which was originally described

from New Guinea. It does not differ from specimens received by me from

Batchian, except that the spots on the underside of the wings are a trifle

smaller.

( fio )

Geni's salpinx Hubiier.

14. S. bouruana Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 302 (1883).

This is the local race! of S. nemertes Hiibner, which is apparently not at all

niicommon upon the island. There is a large series of specimens, both malt', and

J'eiH'ile, \n wliich there is yreat diversity in size as well as in raaculation. Some

small miles, apparently starvelings, are one-third smaller than others. Some of

the females also greatly exceed others in expanse of wing. The snbmarginal spots

on the upperside of the wing, and the conspicuous blue spot between veins 1

and 2 on the primaries, vary very much in some specimens, revealing a strong

tendency to become snffnsed with white and to spread.

Genus STICTOPLOEA Bntler.

15. S. watsoni Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Loud. p. 322 (1883).

There is a small series of this fine insect. The female is much like the male

in her markings, only varying structurally.

Genus HAMAURYAS Boisduval.

15. Hamadryas assarica (Cramer), Pap. Exot. IV. t. 363. f A. B (1781).

Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 250 (1883).

Moore in his monographic revision of the Enploeina, which is cited above,

states distinctly tiiat this genns is without a " sexual mark," or scent-producing

organ on the forewing of the male. With this I am compelled to disagree. In

the species before me, and in fact in all the other species accessible to me in

my collection, //. zoilas (Fabr.), //. aequirincta Salv. & Godm., and //. nedusia

(Hiibn.), the males are cliaracterized by the presence on the inner half of the

wing of a large tract of a modified scales, having well-defined limits and visible

to the naked eye as lighter-coloured areas. These patches of modified scales

extend from the inner margin to below the cell, and outwardly towards the

external margin, which they never, however, reach. Under the microscope these

tracts reveal that the scales upon them are elongated, and dift'er from the scales

upon the rest of the wing, which are ])revalently more or less orbicular. The

figure given by Cramer of this sjjecies is undoubtedly that of a female. The

males are not only characterized, as I have just i)ointod out, by the broad patch

of androconia on the primaries, bnt by the much smaller size of the snbajiical

spot on the primaries, which is not simply less in area than in the case of the

female, but tends to translucency, giving the wing a duller colour than is the

case in the opposite sex, in which the clear white contrasts boldly with the deep

black of the rest of the surface.

The collection contains a large series of specimens, for tlie most part in good

condition.

" Hamadryas turned out to be an Ithomiid, as I expected." — Dohcrty in lift.

Subfamily SATYRINAE Bates.

Genus LETHE Hiibner.

i:. L. europa arete (Cramer), Pap. Kx. IV. t. 313. f. E. F (1782).

This collection contains several males and one damaged /ensate.

( 61 )

Genus MELANITIS Fabricias.

18. M. leda bouruana snbsp. nov.

The si)ecimens of this species which lie before me are remarkable ou accouut

of the very red cast of the upper surface of the wings in the male, and the wide

expanse of the yellow apical tract in the female sex. The outer margin of the

primaries in the case of the male is also peculiar on account of the entire obsoles-

cence of the subapical tooth-like projection, which is only discernible in one

specimen as a very slight outward bend in the otherwise straight margin. Mr.

Uoherty tells me in his letters that this form extends to Timor and Flores. He

is inclined to think it a distinct species. It is at all events fairly entitled to a

snbspecific name, and the brief notes I have given will easily, I think, enable

students to discriminate it. Both the ?nales and the females are highly fragrant,

when first taken.

19. M. constantia (Cramer), Pap. Ex. II. t. 133. f. A. B (1779).

The figure given by Cramer is that of a female specimen. The males exist

in numerous varietal forms, characterized by the greater or less prominence of the

broad yellow subapical band, which in occasional specimens is almost obliterated.

The subajiical ocelli are also very variable in size, and tend to become obsolete. In

one XiiXg^t female in the collection they have been replaced by small white points on

the unusually broad yellow subapical band. This species, like the preceding, is very

fragrant.

2i). M. amabilis (Boisduval), Voyage cle U Astrolabe, Lep. p. 140. t. 2.

f 1. 2 (1832).

There is a good set of this species. The figure given by Boisduval is that

of a, female, in which the subapical band is white. It is yellow in the case of

the males. Boisduval's figure is also too small, apparently representing a dwarfed

specimen. The examples in the collection before me are likewise redder upon

the upper surface than represented in the plate in the Voyage de U Astrolabe.

21. M. ribbei Staudinger, Iris I. p. 192. f. 1. 2 (1887).

There are a few very large males of this species, which is probably merely

a variety of M. relutina Feldor, cliaracterized by its larger size, and the darker

upper surface of the wings, which in the examples before me are black.

Genus MYCJALESIS Hubner.

22. M. perseus (Fabricias), Sgst. Ent. p. 488 (1775).

Only a single specimen of this widely distributed species was contained in

the collection.

23. M. medus (Fabricius), Syst. Ent. p. 488 (1775).

There are four specimens of this species in the collection.

(62)

24. M. remulia (Cramer), Pap. /•>. III. t. 237. f. V. G (ITk^).

Nnraerons examiiles.

25. M. sirius (Fabricins), I.e.

Satyrm manipa Boisd., Vo>/. AstroL, Lep. p. 150 (1832).

A good series of this species, includiag two /finales, which are mnch larger

and brighter in colour than the males, and in which the ocelli are also laro^er

and mnch more distinct.

Subfamily ELYMNIINAE Herr.-Schiiff.

Genus ELYMNIAS Hiibner.

26. E. viminalis Wallace, Trans. Enf. Soc. Lond. p. 328 (180!t).

The specimens which I refer to the species named as above by Mr. Wallace

agree qnite well with his description, if based upon a female type. Tlie luteous

band on the margins of the wings, of which he speaks in loc. c/'t., are conspicuous

features in that se.x, but not so mnch so in the case of the male, which is

prevalently mnch darker than the female. The maculation on the underside of

the wings is much less than in the case of E. titelliu (Cramer), and is almost

wholly restricted in the case of the males to the spots at the ends of the cell

on both wings, and the curved discal series of spots, which succeed these.

There are a number of males and %ex^X2\ females in the collection.

Subfamily MORPHINAE Butler.

Genus TENARIS Hubner.

27. T. urania (Linnaeus), Mm. Lud. Ulr. p. 225 (1764).

There are a few jioor males and one torn female belonging to this species.

28. T. buruensis Forbes, A NaUmilist's Wanderings in the Eastern

Archipelago p. 411 (1883).

There are a number of this species, mostly females, in the collection. The

description given by Forbes applies to the female, and apparently was founded

upon a specimen of that sex. The males have narrow wings, prevalently light

fawn-colonr.

Subfamily NYMPHALINAE Bates.

Genus CETHOSIA Fabricins.

29. C. cydippe (Linnaeus), Syst. Nat. I. 2. p. 776 (1767).

Papilio ino Cramer, Pap. Ex. I. t. 62. f. A. B (1779).

Apparently not very common. The specimens show a tendency to melanism,

and agree in this more nearly with the figure given by Cramer than with that

given by Clerck.

( 63 )

30. C. buruana sp. nov.

This is the form of C. hihlis which appears to predomiimte on tiie island

of Bum. It is characterized by a marked tendency to mehiiiism. h\ the malr

sex the red on the upperside of the primaries is restricted to a semicircular tract

on the inner margin of the wing reaching very little if at all iibove the first

median nervnle just at its origin. The marginal, submarginal and discal lunules

are almost suppressed in the majority of specimens, with the single exception

of the white hastate spot between the second and third median nervnles, which

in all specimens is large and distinct, standing out conspicuously upon tlie

darker ground surrounding it. The uj)perside of the secondaries is brighter

red than the primaries. The margin is broadly black, the interspaces being

adorned with the usual marginal lunules. Just after the broad black margin

there is a narrow dark submarginal line. The red area of the primaries is

marked by three black spots, two on the first and one on the second median

interspace. The underside is much as in C. biblis (Drury). The females are

darker and larger than the males, the red tint of the npperside of the wings

being replaced in this se.x by a dark shade of olivaceous brown, having a very

distinct greenish cast in certain lights.

The species seems to be quite constant, and is easily discriminated by its

facies from other allied forms, inasmuch as a specific name has been given to

insular varieties of this insect from numerous other localities, it has appeared

to me that this form is well worthy of being treated in like manner.

The collection contains a couple of males and several females, the latter mostly

in poor condition.

Genus CYNTHIA Fabricias.

">1. C. deione Erichson, Nov. Act. Ac. Nat. Car. XVI. Sup[il. t. .Vi.

f. 2. 2a (1833).

A large number of specimens, mostly males.

Genus MESSARAS Doubleday.

32. M. lampetia (Linnaeus), Mtis. Lad. Ulr. p. 2S(i (17fi4).

A large series of specimens showing great variability in ^'w.e, some examples

being only half as great in expanse of wing as others.

Genus ATELLA Doubleday.

33. A. egista (Cramer), Pap. Ex. Ill, t. 2S1. f C. D (ITS2).

Apparently q^nite common.

Genus SYMBHENTHIA Hiibner.

34. S. hippoclus (Cramer), Pap. /•>. III. t. 220. f C. D (i;is2).

Only a couple of worn specimens.

( 04 )

Genus JUNONIA Hiibner.

35. J. erigone (Cramer), Pap. Ex. I. t. 62. f. E. F (1779).

A few good examples.

3C. J. atlites (Linnaens), Amoen. Acad. VI. p. 407. n. 72 (1764).

Two specimens.

Genus PRECIS Hiibner.

37. P. hellanis Felder, Reise Noc, Lep. III. ]). 4o2 (\i<(u).

A good series.

Genus YOMA Doberty.

38. Y. sabina (( 'ramer), Pap. Ex. IV. t. 2sy. f. A— D (1782).

A large series of specimens, varying as nsnal.

Genus DOLESCHALLIA Felder.

39. D. bisaltide (Cramer), Pap. Ex. II. t. 102. f. C. D (1779).

A conple of specimens in poor case.

40. D. melaua Staudinger, Exot. Schmett. I. p. 104 (15

Tbis is a very true species. The female is somewhat larger than the male,

and the line of demarcation between the red basal portion of the primaries and

the dark outer part of these wings is in this sex not quite as sharply defined

as in the male, in which the dividing line is quite straight, as is pointed out

by Staudinger in his description. The species is most nearly allied to D. sciron

Salv. & Godm., bnt is abundantly distinct.

There is a small suite of specimens contained in tlie collection.

Genus CYRESTIS Boisdnval.

41. C. thyonneus (Cramer), Pap. Ex. III. t. 220. f. E. F (1782).

This species appears to be exceedingly common.

42. C. paulinus Felder, Wien Ent. Mon. IV. p. 247 (1860).

Only one specimen turned up.

Genus HYPOLIMNAS Hiibner.

43. H. bolina (Linnaeus), Mus. Lud. Ulr. p. 295 (1764).

The collection contains a good series of males and two rather poor females of

the form named iphigenia by Cramer {Pap. Ex. 1. 1. 67. f. D. E). De Nicdville, in his

synonymy of the species, does not quote this reference to Cramer among the known

synonyms, though it is properly cited by Kirby, immediately after the citation of

the following species, which, however, I cannot bring myself to regard as properly

placed in the synonymy of 11. bolina.

( f.o )

44. H. lasinassa (Cramer), Pap. Ex. HI. t. 20.5. f. A. B (1782).

There is a set of males and females of this species, which, when compared with

the large series of //. holina captured at the same time and in the same locality,

leads me to disagree with the view of Kirby, that //. lasinassa is a mere synonym

for H. holina. In the first place the male, which superficially resembles bolina,

differs widely from any specimens of bolina which 1 have ever seen both in size and

in markings of the nndersido of the wiugs; and the vastly larger size of i\\e: females,

and the corresponding difference in markings, all go, to my mind, to show that we

are dealing with a valid form.

The expanse of the females of the form iphii/enia of holina taken by Doherty

in Burn does not much exceed TD mm. ; the expanse of ih&J'emales of //. lasinas-ia

is in some cases loS mm. and never less than 95 mm. The males are all much

larger than the largest male of II. bolina in the collection. The markings are

diiferent. In both sexes there is an entire absence of the white transverse median

band on the underside of the primaries and secondaries, which is characteristic of

H. holina. The outer margins do not have the white markings on the fringe, which

are characteristic of H. bolina. The marginal row of spots on the underside of the

secondaries, which is geminated in //. bolina, is single in H. lasinassa. The blue discal

spots on the upperside of the wings of the males are not centred with white, as in

H. bolina, but are uniformly a deep purplish blue. If the two forms are sjjrung from

the same insects, and are merely seasonal or dimorphic variations, we are confronted

with one of the most remarkable facts in natural history. That they spring from one

common ancestry I am quite willing to believe, and an examination of them must

convince of this, but I cannot bring myself to believe that one brood of eggs will

produce these two forms at the same time. They are as widely separate, for

instance, as any two species of Arg>jn7iis, which are now recognized by naturalists

as valid. Doubtless most existing species have had at some time a common

ancestry, and the student of phylogeny is able often to tell where lie the lines of

relationship, but relationship is not identity either in the case of individuals or

species.

4.J. H. alimena (Linnaeus), Mas. Liul. Ulr. p. 2'..»1 (1T64).

There is a very large series of this species. The males are constant, but the

females vary considerably. Some of the females are coloured upon the upperside

like the males, others have the outer third of the secondaries laved with rufous,

and still others are more or less strongly marked with white upon the secondaries.

40. H. pandora (Wallace;, Trans. Ent. Soc. bond. p. 261 (1S69).

There is a small set of males a,nd females of this fine species.

47. H. antilope (Cramer), Faj,. E.r. II. t. 183. f. E. F (1779).

A small series of this species, representing both se.xes.

Genus PARTHENOS Hiibuer.

48, P. nodrica (Boisdnval), Voy. Astrol., Lep. p. 126 (1832).

A good set of this distinctly marked species.

( «« )

(jENVs >'E1T1S Faliiiius.

4'.i. N. heliodora (Cramer), /'«/'• ^■•'- ^^^ '• -I -'• t'- •■- ^' (l'*2j.

A lew gootl speinmeiis.

."id. N. venilia (Ijiiniacns), Mux. Ut.r. p. 25*0 (i:tJ4).

A large series.

•M. N. neriphoides «p. nov.

Closely allied to .V. iwriplais Hew., from which it may be distinguished by its

mncli sniiiller si/.e, and by the fact that the snbniiirs^inal brown line on the j)riniaries

\% not divided, as in iii'rijthnx, into two j)arts cnrving inwardly at their npper

I'Xtreniities, but is continuous, only showing a little jag or offset on the third median

nervnle. Furthermore, the red linear band running the length of the cell is not

serrated on its npper margin as in .V. neriphun, and the subai)ical spots are not

divided by flie subeostal nervures as in Howitson's species, but are fused into a

curved subajiie.il biind, not very much indented internally. The general tone of the

underside of both wings is decidedly lighter than in ,V. Hcriplinif. There are two

s])ecimens of this species, both females. I have another specimen in my collection

coming from the sonthern peninsula of Celebes, a male, which is also referable to

this species, anil has long stood in ray collection unnamed. 7y/jc from Bnru.

Expanse 4:! mm.

Ck.\us ATHYMA Westwood.

• iJ. A. eulimene (Godart), Km:. ifetl<. IX. ji. 42!" (In-,':}).

l'"our malf.i.

(iKNis SYMFHAEDHA Hiibner.

.^:i. S. aeropus (Linnaeus), .1///.S-. J.url. L'lr. p. 'Joii (1704).

Several mnlix and one fe.iiiale.

Gekus DlCHOHRAdlA Butler.

•")4. D. ninus (Felder), Wicn E„f. Mn„. III. p. 18."i (ISoO).

One damaged uwlf.

(iEsrs AFATUHINA Herrich-Schaetler.

•">•). A. erminia (Cramer), Pap. Ex. III. t. 1!»6. f. A. B (1780).

A fairly good series of the malf.i of this species.

Genus EULEPIS Jlocne.

• It;. E. pyrrhus buruanus Rothschild, Nov. /ooi.. V. j). osv. f. ','(; (I89'.i).

A nntubei' of ju lies and one damaged female.

( C7 )

Genus MYNES Boisduval.

5:. M. dohertyi Holland, Enf. News IV. p. 337. t. IS. f. 2. 3 (1894).

The collection contaius four specimens, none absolutely perfect, of this species.

Family LEMOmiDAE Kiiby.

Si'BFAMiLY LIBYTHAEINAE Bate.?.

Genus LIBYTHEA Fabricins.

.")^. L. narina Oodart, Enc Metk. IX. p. ITl (I81U).

Two specimens.

Family !.)'< AENfDAE Stephens.

Genus GEHYDUS Boisduval.

oi). G. leos ((iueiin), I '<?//. CoqaiUe. t. 18. f. 8. (1829).

A large species of specimens. The species seems to be very common.

')<!. G. buruensis sp. nov.

S. The male on the ni)persidc very closely resembles Parayerijdus horsJldJi

(Moore). The colour of the wings on this side is uniform fuscous, with a narrow

streak of paler colour on the middle of the jjrimaries. The resemblance in colour

and size to this well-known Javanese species is so close that at first sight it is almost

impossible to distinguish the two. On the underside the wiugs are marked much

as in G. chinensis Felder, but the submarginal row of spots on the pi-imaries is

continuous along the border and docs not merely extend from the costa to the third

median nervule as in that sjiecies.

? . The female is darker upon the upper surface thaii the male, and the usual

differences in the form of the wing are observable in this sex. The streak of pale

ochraceons found upon the primaries of the male is replaced in the ease of the

female by a small subtriangular spot of jiure white.

I at first thought that this insect might be the form described by Ribbe as

cei-d mensis, Iris II. p. 247, but I have finally changed my opinion, and I am also

quite clear from the figure given by Staudinger, Iris II. t. 1. f 2, that it is not the

species named liy him as Miletus, /il/llippus., though some of the parts of his

description might apply to it. I have therefore ventured to describe it as a new

species.

Genus SPALGIS Moore.

(11. S. epius AVestwood, in Doubl. Westw. k Hew., Gi-n. Dhtm., Le//. II. j). .502.

r. 70. f. .-) (1852).

There are several specimens in fair condition, and a number which are very

poor. I cannot distinguish them from sj)eciraens coming from India and Barmah

and contained in my collection. I confess that I am somewhat sceptical as to the

validity of the species named S. plwrmis Feld., of which I possess specimens,

l)elieved to be accurately determined, from Amboyna. Except for the reduced size,

or occasional absence of the light spot on the upperside of the primaries, this form

iloes not ai)i)ear to me to differ greatly from V epim Westwood. The markings of

the underside appear to me to be identical.

( <i8 )

Genus HOLOCHILA Felder.

62. H. ilias (Felder), Sitzber. Ak. Wissensc^. Wien, Math. JSat. CI. XL.

p. 454 (1860).

Apparently not common.

Genus HYFOC'HRYSOPS Felder.

r.3. H. anacletus Felder, I.e.

Only ihre^ females were received. They were considerably smaller than the

figure given iiy Felder in the Novara Eeise, and a little larger than a snite of

specimens coming from Amboyna, which I purchased liomc years ago from Dr.

Standinger, and to which I added a series obtained from Messrs. Watkins &

Doncaster.

Genus PITHECOPS Horslield.

04. P. dionisius (Boisduval), Voy. AstroL, Le.p. p. 82 (1832).

Apparently quite common. The crucial test between the genus Pithecops and

the genns Nefljjithecops is said by Distant to be furnished by the anastomosis of the

first subcostal with the costal uervure. Tried by this test, dionisius comes very

plainly under Ilorsfield's genus.

Genus MEGISBA Moore.

6.5. M. malaya (Horsfield), Cat. Lep. E.I.C. p. To (1828).

Lycaena strongi/le Felder, Reise Nocara, Lep. j). 278. t. 34. f. 32. 33 (1865).

Apparently common, though few of the specimens sent were in good case.

I think there can be no donbt of the identification made by Dr. Semper of Felder's

species with that described by Horsfield. I have a large series of M. malaya

coming from various parts of India and the Malay Peninsula. Comparing these

closely with the specimens before me, which agree absolutely with Felder's figure,

I am certain that so far as the underside of the wings is concerned there is

no difference whatever. The only difference discernible to me is that specimens

from the Asiatic mainland are all a little larger, and the white spot on the

disc of the primaries is relatively a little smaller, and not quite so sharply

defined as in the specimens from Burn and Amboyna in my collection. There

is therefore a slight difference in facies, so far as the upperside of the wings

is concerned. This is all, and not enough to warrant the specific separation of

the two forms.

Genus (JYANIUIS Daliuan.

6(1. C. cagaya (Felder), Reise Nomra, Lep. p. 278. t. 34. f 11—13 (1805).

There are several males and one or two females, which, after much delibera-

tion, I am led to assign to this sjiecies, though the specimens do not agree with

absolute exactness with the figures given by those who have represented the

species. They are very close to C. puspa Horsf , but differ from that species

in the absence in the male sex of the dark border of the primaries, which is

greatly reduced, and in some cases almost altogether wanting. There is also

very little, if any, white npon the disc of the primaries in this sex. Cagaya

is evidently the more southern race of C. puspa.

( CO )

67. C. philippina Semper, Ta,//. riiiUpp. p. 168. t. 32. f. 14—18 (1889). '

There is a good suite of 7Hah's of a species, which appears to me to be

the foregoing. At all events, though I could wish to be a little more certain

upon this point, I can find no description of any species of Cyaniris which applies

better to the specimens before me. Semper relies apparently more ivpon his

plates than upon the letterpress of his work, and the few remarks he make^

about this species do not throw much light upon certain points, upon which

his plates fail equally to give information. The specimens before me all have

a little white upon the disc of the primaries and on the costa of the secondaries.

Semper says nothing about this in his description, which is, however, so meagre

as to hardly merit to be called such ; and the plates, which are made by a

photographic process, also fail to tell us anything about this point. Blue surfaces

in photography often take lighter than white surfaces. On the underside Semper's

figures agree with my specimens, spot for spot, though the markings in some

of the examples before me are heavier and more pronounced than they appear

in the plates in the Butterflies of the Philippine Islands.

Genus ZIZERA Moore.

68. Z. gaika (Trimen), Trans. Eiit. Soc. Loud. (3). I. p. 403 (1862).

A large number of specimens of both sexes of this widely distributed form.

69. Z. subcoerulea sp. uov.

tj. The body is fuscous on the upperside, and is clothed with bluish hairs.

The underside of the body is pale whitish grey. Tlie legs are also whitish grey,

marked with darker grey upon the outer edges of the tibiae, and on the tarsi. The

palpi are white, edged below with blackish hairs. The antennae are black above,

and below are ringed with white. The wings on the upperside are pale purplish

blue, almost of the same tint as light-coloured specimens of Cafochri/sops strabo,

but without the sheen of that species. On the costa near the base most specimens

in certain lights show a white lustre. Both wings are marked by a fine blackish

marginal line, within which on each interspace along the border are small Innular

markings, those of the primaries diffuse, and pale ashen greenish, paler than the

body of the wing, rarely fuscous ; those of the secondaries pale fuscous, marked

inwardly and outwardly by paler grey. The fringes are grey, lighter on the

secondaries than on the primaries, and distinctly interrupted at the end of each

nervnle by darker fuscous. On the underside both wings are pale cool grey. Both

are ornamented by spots of pale brown, only a shade darker than the body of the

wings, and uniformly surrounded by light whitish lines and markings. These

markings are as follows : On the primaries there is a longitudinal transverse mark

at the end of the cell, a discal series of spots crossing the wing from the costa to

the inner margin about two-thirds of the distance from the base, one spot on each

interspace, the whole series being conformed in a regular curve to the line of the

outer margin. This series of spots is succeeded near the margin by a double series"

of Innules, the spots composing the inner series being larger than those of the outer

series. Both sets of lunules are margined on both sides by pale grey, but in the

case of the inner series this pale grey colour is extended diffusely inwardly almost as-

far m the series of discal spots, jriviui; to tiic wiii<f tlie ajipeaiaiice fit first sight

of bciug crossed liy a transverse whitisli Imnil. TLe margin is indicated by a fine

dark line. The fringes are j)aler tlian on tlie iipperside. The same markings which

are fonud upon the primaries are coiitinned upon the secondaries, and quite as

evenly, except that the discal series above vein fl is broken, by having the two upper

epots nearest the costa shoved inwardly towai-d the base, being located one above

the other a little before and above the end of tlie cell. In addition to the spots

conijosing the three outer series there is a longitudinal transverse mark at the end

of the cell, a round spot aliont the middle of the cell, and another small spot above

it near the costa.

?. The /'ei/Ki/i- on tlie underside is marked exactly like the i/'n/f. but the

primaries on the npperside are broadly dark fuscons on the costal and outer marginal

areas. There is a single /fmn/t' of this sjiecies in the collection in which the entire

upper surface of both wings is dark fuscons.

Expanse : cJ and ? 20 — 25 mm.

When 1 originally undertook to wurk up the collection 1 provisionally referred

this species to Z. otis (Fabr.), bnt a closer study has revealed the incorrectness of this

procednre, and after a lengthy study of the entire subject I am compelled to believe

that we are dealing here with an nndescribed species. It is in size much like

Z. mafia, and suggests that species by its colouration, but the markings of the under-

side are wholly diflerent. The markings do not agree with those of any other species

of the genus which I have seen (and almost all of them are represented iu my

collection), nor with the descriptions given by authors. The pale whitish space

between the discal series of spots, and the inner marginal row of lunules, and the

absence of dark markings on the edge of the primaries of the Male sex, are easily

seen characteristics. The insect belongs to the second group of the genus indicated

by De Niceville, which lack the inner spot in the cell of the primaries.

Gexus LYCAENE.STHES Moore.

70. L. lycaenoides (Folder), SiL-ber. AL W'issai.ic/t. M'ie/i, Math. Xat. CI. XI.

p. 4.54 (18G')j ; 'i Fseudodipsas Ijcaenoides, Felder, lieise Xocara, U'.p. p. 258.

t. 30. f 25. cJ (1865).

De Niceville, Butt. India III. p. 128, sinks /yw<';;o/(/('.< Felder, as a synonym

of LycacvcstlH'» cinolux (Godt.) = tjinigaleiisis Moore, following, with evident

reluctance, the example of Hewitsou. 1 cannot at all concur in this course. With

an abundance tif specimens of L. emulu.t = beixjdk'ii.v.'i Moore, in both sexes before

me from various parts of India and Burmah, and with the figure of Felder, and

a large suite of specimens of i. lycaenoules Felder coming from Amboyna and Burn,

it is impossible to accord the correctness of Mr. Hewitson's opinion. I am also

constrained to believe that the insect, which Hewitsou figured as /-. lijcaenoidex

Felder, evidently », female, llluitr. Diuin., Lef. p. 219. t. 02. f 3'J, is not Felder's

insect. The/onales in my possession differ too widely from the figure of Hewitsou

to allow of their identification with the butterfly he depicts, though his figure is

evidently very carelessly executed. If it represents the /ivwo'^e of Felder's species

it must be set down as a rather unfortunate attempt to follow nature.

The difference between L. b/cacnoidcs Feld. and L. cmoliis (Godt.), accepting

the identification of L. bcngalensis Moore with the latter species as established, i.s

( 71 )

I'evealed first of all in tlu' character of tlio Iiroad sut)marjj;iii!i! baml on the primarifs.

lu L. emoliis tliis baml is well (h'scriiied by Moore as lieing " chain-like," whereas

ill /,. li/ctienoltli's FelJ. the baml is more continuous, that is to say, the ligiit lines

defining it on both sides are straighter, and the baud consequently presents more

even margins both externally and internally, a feature brought out in Felder's

figure. Secondly, the underside of tlic secondaries in Felder's species has tlie lines

and strigae soniewtiat differently arranged, as well as more numerous than in

emolus. They are, moreover, as well as the whole outer margin of the wing, lighter

in colour than in fiiiohm, so that the wing has ipiite a different cast. The female is

very different, and as no full description of this sex lias apparently been given I

herewitli append one : —

?. The jiriraaries on the npperside have the costal and outer marginal arciis

very broadly blackish. Tlie middle and basal areas of tlie wing along the inner

margin are blue, darkest at the ])ase. The blue colour extends a little upon the

lower edge i>f the cell, and becomes lighter just beyond the lower angle of the cell.

The secondaries are blue shading into brown at the base, and with the veins some-

what broadly brown. There is a submarginal and a marginal row of light lunules,

the inner series fainter in colour than the outer series. The space between these

two rows of lunules is fuscous. The outer row of lunules is accented externally by

a corresponding series of dark 'triangular spaces, which toward the anal angle

become a deep black. The margin is indicated by a fine white marginal line. The

fringes are bl.ack, tipj)ed with light brown, and at the extremities of veins 1, ,, and :(

are produced as short tails, tipped with wiiite, tiie tail at the end of vein 2 being the

longest. On the underside both wings are greyish fawn, a trifle darker at tlie base

of the wings : the primaries at tlie end of the cell have a transverse short baud of

darker drab extending from the costa to the lower outer angle of the cell, and

defined inwardly and outwardly by fine whitish lines, of which the one on the outer

margin of the spot is extended upward to the costa. Beyond this spot and extend-

ing from the costa to the inner margin is a broad, rather even submarginal baud

of the same drab colonr, bordered on both sides by fine whitisli lines. There is

a marginal series of <'onfluent dark lunules, one on each intersjiace. These lunules,

like the inner bands, are marj;ined on either side by fine whitish lines. The margin

is indicatiHl by an exceedingly fine wliito line. The fringes are brown, as on tiie

upperside. The fringes of the secondaries are dark brown tipped with lighter brown.

The margin is indicated on the secondaries, as on the primaries, by a fine but very

distinct white line. The luarginal series of confluent lunules appearing uiion the

primaries reappears npou the secondaries, the triangular external spaces being darker

than upon the primaries. Between veins ■,' and '^ there is a conspicuous black

ocellus, surmonuted with a lunule of orange nil and sprinkled with a few bluish

scales. The middle and liasal areas of the secondaries are marked by a number

of short lines or strigae arranged in a very intricate manner, scarcely .admitting

of accm'ate description.

Tl. L. pegobates si' nov.

?. The body on the upperside is fuscous, clothed more or h-ss with l>lue hairs,

particularly upon tJie thorax. The lowerside of tlu' body is yellowish white. The

legs are white, with the tibiae edged externally with grey and the tarsi ringed

with the same colour. The first and second joints of the palpi are white, tiie third

black. On the up])erside the primaries are broadly dark fuscous on the costal

( 72 )

and outer marginal areas. The Imsal aven from flic inner margin as far as the

middle of tjie cell is dark smalt bine, jiassing into jiale blnish white beyond the

lower outer angle of the cell. The secondaries are pale fnscons, with the basal area

in the region of the cell shot with smalt blue. This wing is crossed by a broad

rather regular fuscous band running from the costa before tiie outer angle toward

the anal angle, which it does not quite reacli. The margin is indicated by two fine

bluish white lines, separated by a narrow dark line. Tiie fringes are dark fuscous,

as on the jirimaries, but are edged with jialer fuscous, and produced at the

extremities of veins 1, 2, and 3 as short tails, of which the one at the end of

Vein 2 is the longest. All of these tails are tijiped narrowly with white.

On the underside both wings are pale fawn. There is a short transverse band

of slightly ilarker fown running from the costa to the lower angle of the cell

margined by narrow white lines. This is succeeded by a broad dark band running

from the costa and retracted a short distance along the inner margin, and edged on

either side with white lines. A fine white line runs from the costa toward the inner

margin, bending outwardly about the middle of the wing, and coalescing with the

white line which defines the broad outer band before the inner margin is reached.

Beyond this line we still have two other fine white lines along the margin,

separated by a narrow dark line. The fringes are uniformly fnscous. The lines

and bands' of the outer marginal area of the primaries are produced upon the

secondaries. There is a very small and obscure ocellns between veins 2 and 3,

having a black centre, surmounted by orange red. The discal and basal portion of

this wing is marked by numerous tine white lines arranged in intricate'patterus.

E.Kpanse : 30 mm.

Type unique.

This species is closely allied to the preceding, but the pattern and direction of

the transverse lines and bands on both sides of the wings are very different. No

tendency to the breaking up of the lines and bands of the margins into lunnles is

revealed, and the entire facies is different. Unfortunately there does not appear

to be any male, to which I can refer this specimen — a fact for which I must express

deej) regret.

Genus TALK'ADA Moore.

72. T. buruana sp. nov.

This species is closely allied to 1. arruanu Feld., from which it is easily dis-

tinguished by the fact that the miles are very light blue on the upperside of the

wings, and not dark blue as in Felder's species. Furthermore, there is an entire

absence in both sexes of the dark red marking near the anal angle of the secondaries,

which are characteristic of T. arruanu. The fomnli> is dark fnscous on the upper-

side of the primaries and secondaries, with the wings shot near the base with

silvery binisli white. This may be regarded as the Baruan form of Felder's

species.

Gesus EVERES Httbner.

73. E. argiades CPallas), Reise I. App. p. 472(1771). ( For synonymy compare

De Niceville, Butt. Im/ia III. p. 137.)

There are a few of this species in both se.xes.

( 73 )

Genus NACADUBA Mooie.

T4. N. ardates (Moore), Proe. Zool. Soc. Load. p. 574. t. 67. f. 1 (1874).

The collection contains a number of males, of which all but one are of the

tailless form.

76. (?) N. aluta (Druce), Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 349. t. 32. f. 0 (1873) ;

id., I.e., p. .378. t. 32. f. 13. 14 (1895).

It is with some donbt that I refer two specimens in the collection to this

species. They are smaller than they ought to be to agree with the account of the

species given by Mr. H. H. Druce, and are darker bine on the npperside than

represented in his figure.

76. N. ancyra (Felder), Reise Nocara, Lep. p. 276. t. 34. f. 5 (186.5).

A few males of this species.

77. N. beroe (Felder), Reise Nomra, Lep. p. 275. t. 34. f. 36 (186.")).

A large number of 7nales and three t^ot females, which I refer to this species.

78. N. albofasciatus (liober), Iris I. p. 65. t. 4. f. 21. c? (1885).

Rober describes and figures the male. The collection before me contains no

male specimens, but two females, which agree so closely on the underside with the

figure given by Ruber that I am constrained to refer them to this species. They

are unlike any other insect in the genus known to me, and I believe my determination

to be correct.

79. N. cladara sp. nov.

cJ. The body is fuscous, more or less clothed with blue hairs on the npperside.

The thorax and legs are quite dark, the abdomen on the underside is pale grey.

The palpi are black. The antennae are black, slightly ringed with white on the

underside. Tiie wings on the npperside are pale morpho-blue, somewhat clouded

in certain lights with pale brown at the base. Both are margined with a fine black

line, and the i)rimaries are very lightly edged in addition with fuscous on the

margin, most noticeably near the apex. There is a minute black spot near the anal

angle. On the underside the wings are sordid brown, becoming darker toward the

base, where they are almost black. The primaries have a transverse band on the

middle of the cell produced beyond it as far as the first median nervnle, another

similar band closing the end of the cell, and beyond this running from the costa to

the submedian nerve a catenulate band bent outwardly opposite the cell. All of

these bands are margined with fine whitish lines, and are a shade darker than the

adjacent parts of the wing. In addition, there is on the primaries a double row

of marginal lunules, also bordered on either side by pale diffuse lines. The

secondaries on the underside are furnished with a subbasal curved series of spots

like those on the primaries, running from the costa to the inner margm. The

cell is closed by a fine whitish line, defined externally by a darker band of the

same length, which is followed by an irregularly curved series of dark markings,

the spots opposite the end of the cell being thrust outwardly and the pale lines

( "+ )

(lefiiiiiig tlieiu Cdiilesciiig with a >eries of lines runniiii; from the ontor aagle tcS

the third median iiervulo. The double series of luaules appearing on the primaries

is produced upon the secondaries, but between veins 2 and '^ is interrupted by a

conspicuous black ocellns, suimonutcd with a. red lunnlo, and liaving' a few iridescent

bluish green scales on its outer margin ; there are also two similar, but much

smaller, black sjwts at the anal angle, likewise ornamented with bluish green scales.

E.xpanse : t.'.") mm.

Descrilied from three male specimens.

80. N. poecilta sp. nov.

cT. The npperside of the body is dark fascons, clothed with pale bine hairs ;

the lowerside of the body and the legs are blackish. Tlie abdomen on the lower-

side is narrowly marked with pale grey. The palj)i are black. Tiie antennae are

black, ringed with white on the lowerside. Both wings are very pale violet-blue,

in certain lights having a pale brown cast, especially about the base. The margin

of both wings is defined by a very fine black line. The fringes are white, checked

with fuscous at the ends of the nervules. At the end of vein "-' on the secondaries

there is a short tail, fuscous, tipped with white. On either side of the c.Ktremity

of the same vein are two small dark spots, narrowly edged outwardly by fine white

lines. On the underside the wings have the outer margin pale grey, almost white,

with the discal and basal areas broadly suftused with dark mouse-grey. The

primaries are marked by three transverse bands of dark blackish brown, defined

inwardly and outwardly by light lines, which on the <osta are represented by small

very distinct white spots. These bands are : 1st, a snbbasal band extending from

the costa across the cell to the submedian nerve ; 2nd, a discocellular baud,

covering the end of the cell : and :^rd, a catenulate discal band, running from the

costa to the submedian nerve. In the latter band the three spots, which are opposite

the cell, are somewhat dislocated, and pushed forth in the direction of the outer

margin. There is a double series of pale grey lunnles along the margin, irregnlar

in size, the upper one of the outer series at the ape.x being the largest and quite

conspieuons, those about the middle of the margin tend to become obsolete. The

secondaries on the nnderside are crossed by a basal ciu'ved catenulate band, by a

discocellular bar, followed closely by an irregularly curved discal catenulate band.

All of these bands are dark blackish brown, and the maculae composing them are

edged with lighter colour. There is a double row of rather irregular marginal

Innules, grey in colour, edged with white. Between veins 2 and 3 there is a

conspicuous ocellus, surmounted with an orange-red lunnle, its deeji velvety black

central spot marked externally by a very fine lunette of bluish green. Another

very small ocellus is situated at the anal angle.

Expanse : 20 mm.

There is a single specimen of this species in tlie cnllection, marked by Mr.

Doherty " Nacaduba, species incerta." I have another specimen in my collection

coming from Amboyua, and purchased by me several years ago in a lot of

Amboynese material. In the Amboynese example the ground colour is somewhat

paler, and the outer margins are broadly whitish. In consequence the transverse

markings stand forth much more conspicuonsly in this specimen. This thing I at

one time thought was the hitherto undeseribed and unfignred male of N. palmi/ny

Feld, the words in Felder's description {Sitrher. Ah. Wisx. Wim, Math. Kit. t'f.

( 7o)

XL. p. 458), " ((lis ca)i(l((tis, ciliis albis, fiisco intersectis" seeming to furuisli a

clue. So far as my observation goes, the only Nacadt'ha to whidi these wordh

apply is the species beft>re me. 1 do not know N. palmyra Feld., save by his

description and the figure, which is that of a female, and wholly unlike the insect

aliove described, if the text and plate are safe guides.

si. N. glenis sp. nov.

? . The body ou the upperside is black, more or less clothed with bluish hairs ;

on t!ie underside the body is pale grey. The legs are whitish, streaked and ringed

with grey. The first and second joints of the palpi are white, the third joint is black.

The front is white. The antennae arc black, ringed below with white. The wings

on the upperside are dark fuscous, shading on the costa of the primaries and the

outer margins of both wings into black. Both wings at the base arc shot with

ro3-al purple, only vi.sible in certain lights. On tlie underside both wings are

broadly yellowish ochraceous. The primaries have a discocellnlar brown bar, edj^ed

on both sides by fine pale yellow lines ; a discal catcnulate transverse l)and, bowed

out before the end of the cell, and running from the costa to the snbmedian nerve,

the spots composing it colom'cd and defined as the bar at the end of the cell. In

addition there is a double series of submargivial fuscous markings defined on both

sides by light poorly defined lines. The inner row of these markings is very

uniform in size, more or less quadrate, and larger than those composing the outer

row, which are small and distinctly lunulate. The fringes are dark fuscous. The

secondaries on the underside have a snbbasal series of three subqnadrate spots, a

discocellnlar bar, and a discal curved scries of spots, all of which are defined more

or less sharply on both sides by pale yellow lines. The double series of marginal

markings of the primaries is continued upon the secondaries. The inner row is

strongly accentuated on the side toward the base by broad, pale yellowish transverse

lines or bands, the outer row of lunnles is composed of spots gradually increasing in

size from the outer angle, until they culminate in a large ocellus, between veins

2 and 3. The two spots antecedent to this ocellus are distinctly occlliforni. The

large ocellus is black, ringed with yellowish, and without any blue-green scales.

There arc two minute black lunular markings at the anal angle.

Expanse 25 mm.

Type unique.

There is no male in the collection corresponding to this insect, and. so far as I

know, there is nothing jnst like it which has hitherto been described or figured.

The broadly yellowish ochraceous tint of tlie underside is very characteristic.

Genus JAM IDES Hubner.

8'i. J. astraptes (Felder), Sitzber. Ah. Wissensch. \Vie», Mifh. Nat. CI. XL.

p. 450 (1860).

A large series of males and/etnales. Apparently very common.

83. J. porphyris sp. nov.

(J. The primaries on the upperside have the outer margin somewhat narrowly

edged with black ; the secondaries have the costal, outer and inner margins very

( ■« )

broadl.v margiued with black ; the remainder of the upjtcr surface of the wings is

very deep ro^val ])uii)le, with little or no sheen. On the underside I am unable to

distinguish the markings of this s])ecies from those of J. astraptes and those of

./. boclius, except that the ground colour of the wing is a jjaler whitish grey.

?. The ye/«n/(' is marked on the underside like the »(«/<■. On the upperside

the wings are very broadly black-, being merely shot lightly at the base with royal

purple. The secondaries have the outer margin defined more or less distinctly

toward the anal angle by a fine white line, above which are tliree or four small spots,

darker than the adjacent parts of the wing.

Expanse S 18 — 25 mm., ? 28 mm.

Described from numerous males, onQ/emale.

Genus LAMPIDES Hiibner.

84. L. hylas (Cramer), Pap. Exot. IV. t. 3(J3. f. E. F (1782).

Apparently very common.

8.j. L. celeno (Cramer), I.e. I. t. 31. f C. D (1775).

A few specimens.

8(). L. aratus (Cramer), l.,-. IV. t. 3G9. f A. B (1782).

Apparently not uncommon.

87. L. callinicus (Ruber), his I. p. 58. t. 4. f. 15 (1884).

What I take to be this species is represented in the collection by a few males

and more nwoi&roxi& females.

88. (?) L. nemea Felder, Sit^ber. A/t. Wiss. Wien. XL. j). 455 (1860).

It is with some doubt that I refer the two specimens before me to this

species.

89. L. bumana sp. nov.

tJ. The ynale on the upperside has much the appearance of L. aratus Cram.,

but the wings on the upperside of the primaries in particular are overshot with

a deeper blue iridescence, the outer margin of the primaries is more heavily edged

with dark fuscons, and the subbasal dark band of the underside shows through

upon the upperside as a pale dark band parallel to the outer margin. The secondaries

on the upperside have the margin distinctly defined by a black line, followed by a

row of marginal lunules, surrounded with white, the one between veins 2 and 3

being distinctly ocelliform. This row of lunules is succeeded inwardly by a sub-

marginal row of dark fuscous spots, more or less quadrate in form. On the under-

side the wings are pale fawn crossed by white lines, the arrangement of which is

simpler than in L. aratus, the most striking difference being the fact that on the

primaries the two lines at the end of the cell are continued directly as parallel lines

to the sabmedian nerve. These lines are succeeded by two parallel curved subapical

( 77 )

lines, the innermost reaching' to the second median nervule and the ontermost to

the third median nervule. There is a broad submarginal band of quadrate dark

spots, and a marginal series of lanules, both bordered inwardly quite broadly with

white, the margin is indicated by a fine white line followed externally by a fine but

very distinct black line. The fringes are fuscous, tipped with white. The second-

aries have the marginal markings of the primaries continued upon them, the series

of luuules being interrupted by a large ocellus, between veins 2 and 3, deep black,

surmounted by a lunule of orange-red, and irrorated with bluish green scales. The

discal and basal areas are crossed by five transverse lines, broken on vein 0, and all

tending to unite by their lower extremities at a point about the middle of vein 2.

On the inner margin there are three parallel short lines running from vein 2

upwardly in the direction of the insertion of the wing.

? . Ihejemale is much like the )/iale, but all the markings are heavier and more

distinct, and the upper surface of tlie wings lacks the bluish sheen of the male, being

more milky white. Furthermore the apical area of the primaries on the upperside

is somewhat broadly laved with dark fuscous.

Expanse c? 28 — 32 mm,, ? 25 — 33 mm. Described from six males and six

females.

I reluct at describing another species in this genus, in which the differences

are often found to reside merely in a shade of colour, or the arrangement of a few

lines in the underside of the wing, but in this case the specimens before me are so

constant in their markings and are so totally distinct in their facies from any other

species known to me, that I am compelled to regard them as, if not a distinct

species, at least representing a well-defined local race. There is nothing exactly

like them so far as 1 can see which has been described or figured elsewhere.

Genus CATOCHRYSOPS Boisduval.

90. C. strabo (Fabricius), Ent. S>/st. III. 1. p. 287. n. 101 (1793).

Apparently common. The specimens are all relatively small, much less in

expanse of wings, than the specimens of the following species, which I think is

surely only a dimorphic form of the male, but which I still allow to stand until we

shall have this surmise proved by the experiment of breeding.

91. C. lithargyria (Moore), Ami. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4). XX. p. 340. (1877).

This is certainly not specifically distinct from the foregoing species, and will

no doubt turn mit, when the test of breeding is applied, to be the dimorphic male of

C. strabo.

Very common. The females are not separable from those of C. strabo, if the

females enclosed iu the same envelopes with Uthargifria are certainly the females of

this form, which I believe that they are.

92. C. cnejus (Fabricius), Ent. Syst. Suppl. p. 430 (1798).

Not at all scarce.

Genus AMBLYPODIA Horsfield.

93. A. anna Standinger,' Exot. lagf. I. p. 282 (1888).

The collection contains two males and three females of this species, not all

quite perfect.

( 78 )

Genis AHllOFAl.A Boisdnval.

'•■1. A. Carolina sp. uov.

rT. This species belongs to tlie anthore group, and comes in some respects quite

near A. politn Riiber, but may at once be ilistingnished from that species by tbe

arrangement of tbe spots on the underside of the secondaries, which instead of beinft

more or less rotund, as in .1. poUtu, are elongated transversely, giving the wing a

barred appearance.

S . The /t;»««fe is like tlie iiiale, but lacking much of the purple gloss on tbe

costal and ajiical tracts of tlie primaries, which are margined wirli jilain black,

broadly on the margin at tlie apex, the black band narrowing gradually until it

vanishes at the outer angle.

Expanse S and ? about 40 miu. Described from five wiA'.* aud ow J'rmnlr'.

'■<■>. A. fulla Hewits.in, I'nf. l.;/c. II. .1/. p. lo. t. tl. p, r,:. os (lsC2).

Hewitsoii clescribes and figures tlie M'f/e. The femulr is exactly like it on the

underside, but is distinguished upon the upjierside by having the costae of both

wings as well as the apex of the primaries broadly dull black, and the outer margins

of both wings of the same colour.

The collection contains a large number of utolr'!^, but only two J'emales.

'Mi. A- buruensis sp. nov.

<S. The upperside of both wings is uniformly dark jnirplish blue, with tbe

external border of the primaries quite narrowly bordered with black-fuscous. On

the underside both wings are ochraceous-fuscous crossed with darker spots and

bands, which are bordered narrowly, es])ecially on the secondaries, with fine lighter

lines. These spots and bau<ls are very little darker than the body of the wings, and

in certain liglits are rather obscure. Tliey are disposed as follows : — Upon tlie

jn-imaries there is a faint submarginal band running from the costa to the inner

margin: this is followed by a catennlate discal band rather more distinct than ihe

first mentioned, and extending from the costa to the submediau nerve ; the cell is

closed by a short discocellular bar ; there is a circular sjwt in the middle of the cell

and a small and obscure spot on either side of the first median nervule at its origin

lielow the cell. On the secondaries there are three small spots increasing in size

from the side of the base toward tlie outer margin, aud eijuidistantly located just

below vein 8 ; a small spot in the cell near the base, one in its middle, aud a short

transverse bar at the end of the cell; an irregular catennlate curved band of spots

marks the disc, below the cell aud along the inner margin are a few transverse ])ale

lines. The outer third of the wing is free from maculations, except about the anal

angle, which is rather conspicuously marked with whitish curved striae, and dark

lunules, three in number, irrorated with bluish green scales.

"i . The J'emdle on the underside is marked exactly like the iii'i/c, the chief

ilifl'erence between the two sexes in the matter of their markings being the fact that

nil the primaries \\\f /'rm'tlf has the costa and the apical area broadly velvety black,

the line of demarcation between the blue ground colour aud the black space being

almost straight from a little beyond the base to the outer extremity of the third

median nervnle. The outer margin is also in this sex somewhat broadly black upon

the jirimaries.

( <y )

Expause S 32 — 3C mm., ? :}0 mm.

Described from five itiales and one female.

This species is very near to A. koniiga Drace from Borneo, but difl'crs in Laving

fhe i)rimaries more acute, an<l in the entire absence of all markin;t,'s from the onter

third of the secondaries on the npperside before the outer angle. Tliese points will

serve among others to discriminate it from Drnce's species, as well as from others.

(Jests HYPOLYCAENA Folder.

'■»7. H. sipylus (Felder), Sltzbri: A/i: W'isseiisch. Wii'n, Motli. Sat. CI.

XL. p. 4."il (IS6(»).

Quite common.

Gkkls DEUDOKIX Hewitson.

OS. D. epijarbas (Moore), in Horsfield it Moore, Cut. L,i). ila.^. E. J. C

p. :52 (18.^7).

A few /urih Specimens.

(Jknus KIXDAHARA Moore.

!iit. B. Isabella (Felder), I.e.

A numljcr of ///nlr.t and a couple of \>qov /'i'/i/'iU'.i.

(Jenus HYP()C}IL0K0SI« Kober.

100. H. buruana sp. nov.

J. This species appears to be an intermediate form between //. "/it/ji/m Hew.

and JL lonjuiiii Feld. The vude has tlu' discal areas of both wings on the upper.side

white margined more or less witli pale diffuse blue, passing over into the deep black

of the outer margin and the dark fuscous of the base. On the underside there is

a total absence of the dark discal markings on the secondaries figured by Hewitson

as occurring in the case of //. (uitiplia.

? . 'Y\\o female is without any bine on the upperside of the wings.

There is a small series of this beautiful insect, which can easily be discriminated

from tiie other two species by the ])(iints of difference pointed out abovr.

F.\MiLv PAPILIOXIDAE Leach.

tSuHFAMiLY PIERIXAE Swainson.

(Jenus KLoniNA Fehler.

Ml. E. bouruensis Wallace, Tram. Ent. Sx: J.ond. (:i). IV. p. :il'J (1867).

Two examples, one badly shattered.

Genus TERIAS Swainson.

10-. T. di-ona Horsfield, int. I.ep. K. I. C. p. 1:57. t. 1. f. ]:; (18-'0).

A few specimens

( 80 .)

10;i T. hecabe diversa Wallace, Trans. Ent. Soc. LonJ. (3). IV. p. 324 (1867).

Not nn common.

104. T. tilaha Horsfield, Cat. Lep. E. T. C. p. 130 (1820).

A few specimens.

105. T. Candida (Cramer), Pap. Exot. IV. t. 331. f. A (1782).

A good set of specimens of both sexes.

Genus APPIAS Hiibner.

loG. A. bouruensis (Wallace), Trans. Ent. Soc. Load. (3) IV. p. 379 (18G7).

The collection contains a single female answering exactly to the description

given by Wallace, and another which is exactly like it, except that the red

spaces on the wings are replaced by yellowish white, showing that this sex is

distinctly dimorphic. The light-coloured female agrees very well with the figure

of T. fatima Vollenhoven, Tijchchr. c. Ent. p. 59. t. 2. f. 1. 2 (1865), except

that the discal bands of light colour on both wings are much broader in the

insect before me than they are in the figure of T. fatima. Mr. Doherty writes

as follows as to this species : " Of T. bouruensis Wall. I unluckily caught no

male (one was seen just like zarinda in appearance), so that you cannot compare

it with zarinda. As it happened, I got two females, one white, the other red.

The white form is probably T. fatima Voll. lu the small set 1 got in the Celebes

there are two similar forms."

luT. A. jacquinoti (Lucas), Rer. ef May. Zool. p. 326 (1852).

Two poor males, three fairly goodfemales.

108. A. ada (Cramer), Pap. Exot. t. 363. f C. D (1782).

A very large series of this species, composed of both males and females, is

contained in the collection.

109. A. paulina (Cramer), I.e. II. t. 110. f E. F (1779).

A large number of males, only oue female.

110. A. albina (Boisduval), Spec. Gen. I. p. 480 (1836).

A few tattered males, and several females in better case. This is quite distinct

from T. jacquinoti. I must dissent from Mr. Kirby, who has sunk the latter

species as a synonym of T. alhina. The females as well as the males differ widely

in the two species.

111. A. eliada (Hewitson), Ex. Butt. II. Pieris, t. 4. f 27. 28 (1861).

A few males only were taken.

(81 )

Genus HUPHINA Moore.

112. H. jael (Wallace), Tram. Enf. Soc. Lond. (3). IV. p. 33*5 (1867).

A very large series of specimens of both sexes. There is some variation

in size and in the intensity of the markings in the specimens before me. I am

unable to see any great difference between this form and //. olija Esch.

Genus DELIAS Hiibner.

113. D. philotis (Wallace), I.e. p. 357 (1867).

A few males and t-vio females.

114. D. echo (Wallace), I.e. p. 358. t. 8. f. 3. ? (1867).

Four males, no females.

115. D. rothschildi sp. nov.

? . Near D. dorimene fCram.), from which it differs by having the spots

on the underside of the primaries smaller, and confined wholly to the apical

tract. The outer marginal band on the secondaries is broader than in dorimene,

and the 3'ellow spots contained within it are also much larger. They are pyramidal

witli their apices pointing inwardly, and only the spot at the anal angle is divided.

The ground colour of the secondaries on the underside is bright yellow, laved

somewhat with orange. On the upperside of the female specimen before me

the primaries are black, except for a short distance along the inner margin at

the base, where they are white sliading inwardly into bluish fuscous. The

secondaries are white, very broadly and evenly bordered with deep black, this

broad outer black marginal band being accentuated inwardly by a narrow band

of bluish fuscous.

Expanse : 64 mm.

The type, which is unique, is not in very good condition, but what one wing

lacks the other supplies.

Genus ERONIA Hiibner.

116. E. iobaea (Boisduval), Voy. AstroL, Lep. p. 57. t. 3. f o. 6 (1832).

A single male specimen.

Genus CATOPSILIA Hiibner.

117. C. catilla (Cramer), Pap. Ex. III. t. 229. f D. E (1782).

A single yewa^e.

118. C. crocale (Cramer), I.e. I. t. 55. f C. D (1779).

One male, three females.

Genus HEBOMOIA Hubner.

119. H. leucogynia (Wallace), Journ. Ent. II. p. 4. t. 1. f 1. 2 (1863).

There is a good series of the males, and several female), only a few of which

are in quite perfect condition.

6

(82)

Subfamily PAPILIONINAE Swainsoii.

Gekis TROIDES Hiibner.

120. T, oblongomaculatus bourueusis (Wallace), Ti'ins. I.hm. Sor. I.oml.

XXV. ji. 38 (ls(ir>).

The collection coutains a dozen pairs of this insect, in which there is con-

siderable variation shown both bv the males and the females, particularly by the

latter. The chief variation in the male sex is in the extent of the lilack markiiij; at

the base and on the inner margin of the secondaries. In some si)ecimens the black

of the inner margin extends inwardly as far as the lower edge of the cell and to

vein 2 : in others it does not touch the lower edge of the cell nor nearly reach

vein 2, in one case not extending much beyond vein 1. In a single specimen

before me the inner marginal black area is pnshed into the body of the wing almost

to vein i5. The black at the base extends outwardly njiou the cell in the majority

of specimens only to about half its length, bnt in two cases it reaches almost to the

end of the cell. The clear yellow discal i)atch on the disc of the wings is thus, as

Mr. Wallace pointed out in his description, " variable in form and extent." One

i>f the specimens agrees perfectly with Hipjion's figure of 7'. iiajjueuitii^, recently

published. The females vary greatly in size and in the amount of the light colour

on the primaries, as well as in the form and extent of the light colour on the

secondaries, and of the black spots. The smallest female has an expanse of wing

of 140 mm., the largest of 108 mm. Some specimens have very faint light line

on either side of the nervuks, others liave the whole discal area at the end of the

cell pale buff, intersected by the black lines of the veins alone. These constitute

" merkwiirdige Aberrationen," for which German dealers are in the habit of

charging high prices, which I judge not to be at all uncommon in good sets of

specimens of this and many of the allied species.

121. T. hypolitus (Cramer), /'«/>. /•->. I. t. In. f. A. B. and t. 11. f. A. B (1775).

The collection contains a good set of the males and thvee females of this

species, rather larger than specimens generally received from other localities, so far

as my observation shows.

Genis PAPILIO Linnaeus.

122. P. polydorus fjinnafus, Ainoen. Acad. W. p. 407. n. ."lO (I7ii;{).

A large set of specimens.

12;!. P. fuSCUS Goexe, Knt. ISfi/tr. III. I. p. s? (I "Si).

A few good specimens of both sexes.

124. P. gambrisius buruanus Uotiischikl, Nov. /ool. IY. p. Isi.u. 4 (1«97).

A few males.

125. P. ulysses Linnaeus, Syst. JS'at. ed. X. p. 4U2. n. 2t) (1758).

A good set of mules, and a {ew/emales, not in the best condition.

( »■• )

l".'f5. p. deiphobus Liiinaens, l.c. p. 450. ii. (i (17.3s).

Oue male.

I"^T. P. sarpedon anthedon Felder, IV//. Zoal. JJot. Ge-s. XIV. p. r.oa. u. 217.

p. 350. 11. 124(1804).

A good set of M/ili'.s ; no fern lies.

128. P. eurypylus Linuaens, Si/.-st. Nat. ed. X. [>. 464. u. 37 (1758).

A few specimens.

129. P. macfarlainei Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon'h \: 471. u. 30 (1877).

PupUio ceyi.itii.'i Cramer (a/o;* Liniie), I'aji. Krof. III. p. si. t. 241. f. C. D (17sv;).

Apparently iiol very common.

1*1. P. ag'amemnon plisthenes Folder, Rei-te Noo'xra, Lep. p. 70. n. 53 (ISfio).

Comiuon.

l;'.l. P. codrus (Irrtmer, Pap. Kr. t. 17'.t. f. A. B (1779).

Two speciiiifiis.

Family HrCSPETUI 1>AE Leach.

Genus CASYAPA Kirby.

132. C. corvus (Felder), Sitzher. Alt. Wis.iensch. Wun, Math. Nat. CI.

XL. p. 40O (1860) : id, Unsfl Korara, Lrp. t. 73. f. 2 (1867).

ClmetocM'mf <-erint,lius Felder, l.f. ? .

This species seems to be very comniou iu Burn. There is some variation

among the nutles in the length and distinctness of the pale yellow sabapieal band,

;ind in one specimen it is almost obsolete. The same remark holds trne of the band

in tlie female, whicli in several specimens is somewhat reduced, and in one or two

instances has the outer extremity near the outer margin sei)arated from the remainder

•of tlie band, and set off as a triangular spot.

Gen-US TAGIADES Hiilmer.

13 ;. T. japetus (Cramer), Pap. E.v. IV. t. 365. f. E. F (17S-i).

A few specimens.

134. T. martinus I'lutz, Jahrh. Nass. Ver. Nat. XXXVIl. p. 47 (1834).

One specimen, whicli is a male.

Genus SEPA Nic6viile.

135. S. noctis (Staudinger), [ri-i II. p. 143 (1889).

A single imile specimen.

(84 )

Gents NOTOCRYPTA l-'eWi-r.

1:50. N. feisthameli (Boisduval), Vo>j. AstroL, Lep. p. 159. t. 3. f. 7 (1832).

Plesioneura chimaera PlOtz, Jh'rl. Ent. Zeitch. p. 202 (1881); Pagenst., Jalirb.

Nass. Ver. ^^at. XXXVII. p. 211. t. 4. f. 1 (1884).

This species was originallj' described b}' Boisduval from specimens coming

from Amboyna and Bnrn, and the form found in this part of the Indo-malayan

region may be taken therefore as typical. The figure given by Boisdnval is quite

characteristic. There is some variation in the number of the snbapioal spots, the

ma/t' specimens before me all have these spots exceedingly minute, the one between

veins 4 and o alone being distinctly observable, though quite small, the others

requiring a glass to bring them into view. In the/emales the spots below the apex

are more distinct. I cannot separate y. /-himaera Plutz from the tyjiical form.

The tignre given by Pagenstecher is that of & foiiMtr. Specimens just like it are

contained in the collection made by Doherty; and compared with the long series of

N.feisthameli in uiy collection from all parts of the Indo-malayan region, I see no

possible reason for the separation of the insect described and figured by Pliitz and

Pagenstecher from its fellows. Chiiivicra is an absolute synonym oi feistliameli.

Genus TELICOTA Moore.

137. T. aug-ias (Linnaeus), Syst. Xat. I. ji. 7'.i4 (1767).

Three poor males.

13S. T. bambusae (Moore), Pro,: Zool. Soc. LonJ. p. (iOl. t. 45. f 11. 12 (1878).

Apparently scarce.

]3lt. T. prnsias (Felder), Sitzber. Ak. Wissensch. Wien, Math. Sat. CI.

XLIII. p. 44 (1861).

Only three specimens, notably darker on the underside than specimens coming

from Amboyna and Batchian contained in my collection, agreeing in this with

specimens coming from New Guinea and Northern Australia.*

14(1. P. palmarum (Moore), P/w. Zool. Soc. Lorn/, p. (i'.ii). t. 45. f. 6. 7 (1878).

A good series of mules, but no females.

141. T. dara TKollarJ, in lingers Kaschmir IV. p. 455 (1848).

I accept, in the attitude of one who desires more light, the synonymy of this

species as recently worked out by Elwes in the Transactions of the Zoological Society.

Perhaps it is correct to gather together under the name given by Kollar the various

forms described by other writers, and I am willing for the time to let it be so, but

my critical sense rebels in a measure against the procednre. The specimens before

me as I write were originally determined by me as belonging to macsokles Butler,

but are larger and brighter than specimens coming from India, Burmah, and other

more northern localities, and contained in my collection.

• It is worth noting just here that T. simplex Elwes, Trans. Xool. Sop. Land. vol. XIV, p. 2j3. t. IB.

f. 15, is identical in every respect with the insect described by me in the Proc. Bott. Sec. Xat. Hist.

XXV. p. 7i). t. 4. f. 4, as I'elicota snhruhrti. I do not wonder that Mr. Klwes, with the wretohcd

o.iricftture ^iven in the plat*^, which is a reproduction of a photojrraph. was unable to recognize it.

(85)

It is worthy of remark that Pamj/liila omalin Edwards, = /«iVi(/o Edw., of which

latter the type is in my collection, is ai){iarently identical with T. macsoides Butler,

which Elwes sinks as a synonym of T. dura (KoUar). There is some doubt as to

the origin of the types of P. omaha. The specimens described as P. omaha came

from the collection of the late Mr. Newman of Philadelphia, and were ticketed

<' Pike's Peak, Colorado." After writing his descrijitioii, Mr. Edwards returned the

specimens to their owner. Subsequently he re-described the species under the name

miitgo, basing his description upon a specimen said to have been taken in Kanawha

County, West Virginia. This is the specimen standing in my collection. The

specimens originally described as P. omaha by Edwards are believed to be the

ones now standing in the collection of the American Entomological Society in

Philadelphia. They are mounted on common pins. The type of mingo is mounted

on an insect pin. Mr. Edwards writes me that it was certainly collected in

Kanawha (bounty. West Virginia. It is very singular that, since W. H. Edwards

wrote his original descriptions, not a single specimen of this insect has turned up iu

the United States, so far as can be ascertained. I should not hesitate to say that

by some accident the insects in the Newman collection had been mislabelled, and

that this exceedingly common Oriental butterfly had been inadvertently allowed to

become mixed up with a lot of "stuff" from Colorado. The only difficulty arises

from the positive statement of Mr. Edwards that the type of 7ningo was taken in

West Virginia. I dislike to think him mistaken, but until we obtain more specimens

from somewhere within the bounds of the United States I shall be inclined to

believe that omaha { = miHgo = maesoides) is not an American species, but belongs

to the Indo-malayan fauna.

Genus PARNARA Moore.

142. P. mathias (Fabricius), E?it. Syst., Snppl. p. 433 (179.s).

A few specimens.

143. P. philippina (Herrich-Schaeffer), Prod. S;/sf., Up. III. p. 81 (I86'.i).

A good lot of specimens, mostly males.

Genus HASORA Moore.

144. H. celaenus (Cramer), Pap. Ex. IV. t. 3'J3. f A. B (1782).

Numerous specimens, principally males.

145. H. thridas (Boisduval), Voj/. AstroL, Lcp. p. 101 (1832).

This species is very near to //. celaenus (Cramer), and is only distinguished

from it by the lighter blue-green colour of the underside of the wings, and the

bright buff of the body on the lowerside.

146. H. doleschalli (Felder), Sitzber. Ah. Wissensch. Wien, Math. Nat. CI.

XL. p. 4(50 (1800).

A few good specimens.

( 86 )

147. H. chromus ((."ramer), Pup. Ex. III. t. 2S4. f. E (1782).

The specimens before me are all of the form described by Folder midor the

name mila>/(in;i, with tho wliite line uv band uti the underside of the seeondavies

narrow, or obsolescent.

148. H. proximata (Standinger), Iiix II. \k 137 (1889).

A single jiair.

Hit. (?)H. hiirama (I'ntler), Traiin. Ext. Soc. Eoml. p. 498 (ISTn) ;

id., L<i>. Exot. p. KiO. t. 50. f. 10 (1873).

It is with some donbt that I identify tho specimens before me with Dr. Hiitler's

spcties. The white baud on the nudorside of the secondaries is mucli narrower than

in the speoimeus he figures, and tlie lilack spot at the anal angle is almost entirely

wanting. Otherwise the sjiecimens agree very well with his description and figure.

DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES OF BUTTERFLIES

CAPTURED BY MR. A. S. MEEK, AT MILNE BAY, BRITISH NEW

GUINEA, IN THE MUSEUM OF THE HOX. WALTER ROTHSCHILD,

AT TRING.

By H. (JROSE-SMITH, B.A., F.E.S., F.Z.S,, kto.

1. Delias xelianthe sp. uov.

i. Epperside : both wings white. Anterior wings with the costal margin

narrowly black, and the apex and outer margin more narrowly black than in

D. falUstrute, Gr.-Sm.,^bnt not dusted with grey scales as in that species : two

subajiical white streaks in the black area. Posterior wings, with the outer margin

from the anal aiigle;[to a little above the discoidal nervule black, rather more

narrowly so than in!/>. at/I/sfiote, and the inner edge of tlie black area mure sharply

defined than in that species.

Unrlerside : anterior wings, with the costa, apex and outer margin mnch more

nariowly black than in /). caUistrate, with a row of spots in the black area, of which

tho three uppermost are pale yellow, and the others white. Posterior wings, with

the basal tliird pale yellow, the black band as on the uiij)erside, but mnch narrower

than the black band of J), callistratt'., a row of Innular spots in the bhick band, but

fonr only in number, and more orange in colonr.

?. Eppi^rside : both wings differ from the same sex of D. cullixtrate in being

whiter and the dark areas blacker ; the ujijier })art of the black area on the anterior

wings towards the apex does n(jt ap]iroach s<i closely to tlie cell, and on the posteriov

wings the inuei' edge of the dark area is less cnrved.

L'Tulerside : both wings with tiie dark areas mucli blacker. On the anterior winga

the subapical sj)ots are yellow and white as in tho inuli', instead of all yellow as in

/'. i:alhiitratc, and on t he posterior wings the outer half is l)lack with a snbmarginal

row of narrow orange bmulos extending from the apex to the anal angle, of which

♦ he second and tliird from the apex are almost obsolete; the basal third is pale

( 8" )

yellow. In D. rallixf/-"fi' only the onter fourth of the posterior wings is greyish

black, and the submarginal Innules are yellow, broader and nearly uniform in size,

tlie basal three-fourths of the wings being yellow.

E.xpanse of wings : .'iO mm.

-. Delias iere sp. nov.

S. L'jijK'rsii/e : closely resembles D. .reliantke, bnt tbe inner edge of the black

areas on both wings is less regular, being indented between the veins, especially on

the posterior wiugs.

Umlerside : anterior wings as in D. .ci'lianthe,\mi tinged with yellow towards

the base. Posterior wings bright yellow, becoming paler towards the ape.x, where

there are two submarginal orange spots forming a continuation of the row of orange

Innules in the black outer-marginal area.

? . Vpperside rather yellowish white, with the outer-marginal black areas

considerably narrower than in T>. .reliantki', and indented on the inner edges. On

the uiuleiside the outer-marginal black areas are also much naiTower, ami on the

posterior wings the basal three-fourths is yellow, shading to whitish towards the

apex.

Expanse of wings : oO mm.

:>. Delias zarate sp- nov.

5. Cj>pcrsi(le ditfers from D.gabiu Boisd., in both wings being more yellowish

white. On the anterior wings the costal and apical areas are blacker, and the black

outer-marginal area extends rather broadly to tlie inner margin. On the posterior

wings the outer black band is wider.

Underside : anterior wings scarcely differ from those of 1). i/'ihia ; on the

posterior wiugs the marginal black baud is wider at the apex, and in it there

is a row of narrow indistinct orange Innules ; the basal three-fourths of the wings is

rather brighter orange yellow.

?. Uppcrside with the marginal black bauds of both wings wider than in

/'. yuhiii, and there are no pale s])ots in the black area towards tlie ajiex of the

anterior wings.

Underside : ditfers little from tlie same sex of J), (jabia, bnt the subaitical

spots in the black area of the anterior wings are all orange, and the row of orange

Innules in the outer-marginal black area of the posterior wings is narrower.

Expanse of wings : <J, oO mm. ; ? , 50 mm.

The shape of the wings of both sexes differs from I), yabtn, being less produced

at the apex of the anterior wings, and broiwler in the posterior wings.

4. Mycalesis Valeria sp. nov.

6. I'ppenide: Ijlackish brown : anterior wings with two black spots on the

disc, centred by a white dot, one before the a])ex, the other between the two lowest

median nervules; the white band which crosses the disc, on the underside, is faintly

visible through the wings. Posterior wings with the disc crossed from the middle

of the costal margin to the lowest median nervnle by a broad transverse white band

which is widest on the costa and somewhat narrower at its termination, below which

on either side of the lowest median nervnle are two black spots centred by a

white dot.

(88)

Underside: closely resembles M. borbui-a (Jr.-Sm., but on tlie anterior wings

the white liund across the disc is rather narrower, and on the posterior wings is

rather broader ; on the iiosterior wings the spots in the discal row of ocelli are

larger, and those on either side of the lowest median nervule are snrronnded by

broad orange rings.

?. U/ijn'rs/dc : paler than the /t/alc; anterior wings with a broad white band

which crosses the middle of the disc from the npper median nervnle, where it is

narrowest, to the inner margin where it is broadest, dnsted with brown scales

between the median nervules ; the two discal spots as in the 7nale. Posterior wings

■with the white band as in the 7nale, bnt wider and more did'nsed and extending

down to tlie spots on cither side of the lowest median nervule, whore it becomes

tawny and confluent with the orange rings round the last-named spots.

Underside: as in the male, bnt the white bands arc broader, and the spots in

the middle of the row of ocelli crossing the disc are nearly obsolete.

Expanse of wings : (?, 44 mm. ; ? , 50 mm.

A very beautiful insect; on the underside it closely resembles M. barbara.

5. Hypochrysops alix sp. nov.

(J. Ujjperside : both wings resemble //. tlicon Feld., but darker blue: on the

anterior wings the apical area is less broadly black, and the pale area along the lower

side of the cell is nearly obsolete ; on the posterior wings the costal area is grey

instead of white.

Underside : anterior wings with the pale area more restricted and more sordid

white, the outer margin more broadly brownish grey ; the metallic markings along

the coata nearly obsolete, and restricted to two parallel metallic streaks on either

side of the cell, and an indication of the prolongation of the same as a double row

from the ends of the subcostal and median nervures to near the outer margin ;

a snbmarginal row of metallic spots along the outer margin. On the posterior

wings the white horizontal baud before the middle is narrower, the black bars on

the disc are broader, and the metallic scales which occupy the interspaces are green

instead of blue as in JI. ///eon.

Expanse of wings : 30 mm.

i>. Hypochrysops rufinus Gr.-Sm.

? . Ujjperside : both wings rufous brown, e.xcept the outer half of the posterior

wings, which is bright fnlvons.

Underside : as in the male.

Expanse of wings : 23 mm.

1 may be wrong in describing tliis insect as the female of II. rujinus Gr-Sm.

The specimen is much rubbed on the underside, and 1 have had difficulty in

comparing the spots and markings. It may be proved hereafter to be a distinct

species.

7. Hypochrysops cleon sp. nov.

?. Vpperside : anterior wings brownish grey, with the base, lower part of the

cell, the area at the base of the median nervules, and below them to the inner

margin, pale iridescent blue. Posterior wings duller brownish grey, with the basal

half pale iridescent blue.

( 89 )

Uwlei-Hide : anterior wings fialc ciriorcous brown witli u dark patch extending

over tlie middle of the (Jisc ; the cell costal area to the ajiex, and thence broadly

along the outer margin, and a row of spots in the dark patch, ochreous, two streaks

along the costa, another in the middle of tiie cell (urviiig downwards at its outer

end, a l;ar at I he end of tlie cell, several snbcostal s])otH, and a sidiraarginal row of

spots all metallic bluish green, two dark spots below the cell on cither side of the

lowest median nervule, the outer one centred by ochreous ; a whitish triangular

spot before the apex. Posterior wings with the shoulder and six bars crossing the

wings bright rufous, a marginal band jialer rufous, a streak below the shoulder, and

the rufous bars bordered by metallic hlnisli green ; the sixth rufous Ijar is bordered

broadly on either side by metallic bars, also bluish green ; the disc is darker in

the middle than the rest of the wings ; two spots above the fifth rufous bar (which

is shorter than the other bars) and a space beyond it is pah; jiinkish white ; the

cilia at the ends of the veins are barred by brown, between which they are pale grey.

Expanse of wings : U>i mm.

8. Hypochrysops cleonides sp. nov.

?. Ujj/Ji'ruifft' : closely resembles //. rleo/', but both wings are duller grey, and

the basal blue is lik(!wise duller.

Underside : differs from //. clcoi on the anterior wings in being paler, and

there is only one black spot below the cell, situate above the junction of the lowest

median nervule. Posterior wings with markings similar to those in //. cleon, bat

the fifth bar is bordered outwardly by a metallic line, which is not the case in

//. cleo>i, while the broad metallic band which borders inwardly the sixth rufous

band of //. cleon is absent ; the discal area is not darker in the middle, as in

//. cleoH, and the area between the fifth and sixth bars, which is jiinkish white

in //. cleon, is the same colour as the ground colour of the rest of the wings. There

is no trace of tlie cilia being crossed by brown at the ends of the veins.

Expanse of wings : 'i'i mm.

( 90 )

NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF THYBIDIDAE AND

GEOMETRIDAE FROM AFRICA.

BY W. WARREN, M.A., F.E.S.

Family TllYRiniDAE. ,

1. Dysodia fenestratella sj). nov.

Foit'winys : olive-drab; the murkings olive fuscous; the costa witli foar

(lark marks, oue near base, one before and beyond the middle, the fourth before

apox ; from the inner side of the last a thick olive fuscons band runs parallel

to the hiiidmargiu as far as vein 2, where it is joined by a shorter band from

the subcostal vein, the two forming a V-shaped mark : above and below the

median vein on the inner side of the V are two small round hyaline spots, the

upper one within the cell ; beyond the outer arm are three similar spots in

the spaces between veins - and o ; below vein L' the V-sbaped mark swells out

into an inverted funnel-shaped mark resting on the inner margin ; beyond the

three outer hyaline spots are several smaller pale spots mixed with dark scale

jiatches ending in a larger patch at anal angle ; from the outer arm of the V below

the costa a curved dark streak runs to middle of hiiidmargin : fringe olive fuscous ;

all the veins pale.

Hindwiiign : with a large anvil-shaped hyaline blotch, round which are

collected an irregular lot of small rouml hyaline spots alternating with dark

olive patches ; marginal area paler, without spots.

Underside mottled with greenish grey and olive fuscous ; the V-shaped mark

of forewings dark and very conspicuous. Head, thorax, and abdomen like ground

colour of wings.

Expanse of wings : >'] mm.

One S from the west side of the Luitpold ^Mountains, near Ikutha, British

East Africa.

The costa of forewings is incurved in middle : hindmargin of both wings

bulged at vein '■), in the hindwings indented lieyond cell.

Family GEO Ml-: TRIDAE.

SuBKAJiiLV GEOMETllINAE.

Lathochlora gen. nov.

Fofewi>iyi<. : with costa curved throughout, more strongly arched at base ;

apex prominent, blunt ; hindmargin somewhat irregularly concave from apex to

vein 3, then sharply oblique.

Hindwinyx: bluntly angled at vein 4, and elbowed at vein fj, concave between.

Palpi moderate, the terminal joint drooping : tongue present; frenulum absent;

antennae short and thick, subserrate, with close clavate teeth, rasped above.

NeuratioH : forewings, cell broad, about one-third of wing ; discocellular shortly

concave above, then oblique and faint; first median nervnle at two-thirds, second

and third from lower angle of cell ; lower i-adial from the bend in the discocellnlar,

( yl )

iil)jier from iipjjcr angle of cell; the five subcostals sralkeJ, 11 anastomosing

Htrongly witli 12. Hiudwings : with 0, 4, and tl, T stalked.

Type : Lathocklora inonmta sp. nov.

The genns is certainly allied to Ilahiili'ines Warr. from India, but snfHciently

distinct.

■-*. Lathochlora inornata s]i. nov.

Foieiri/KjK : dull greyisli green, witli an indistinct pale I'urved space at one-third,

and another at four-tifths, this last becoming whitish on inner margin bet'oro anal

angle ; fringe somewhat paler.

HinihciiKjs : with outer curved space only : tlie basal area pale, subhyaline.

Underside similar, but paler, the markings more diffuse. Head, thorax, and

abdomen ])ale green ; antennae ochreons.

Expanse of wings : 25 mm.

One ? from Warri, Niger Coast Protectorate, May 18'.»T (Ur. R<jth;.

SuBF.\MiLY STERRHINAE.

3. Craspedia planipennis sp. nov.

Foreichigs : bone-colour, obscurely jMwdered or discoloured with ochreous ;

the costal edge at base brownish ; in certain lights three faintly darker waved

lines can he detected, inner, median and outer, the last the plainest ; slight brownish

marginal dots, often effaced ; fringe concolorous ; no cellspot.

]Jia<licin(js : similar : with an obscure brownish cell dot.

Underside pale, unmarked ; the costa of forewings yellowish. Face and palpi

above dark brown ; vertex, thorax, and abdomen bone-colour.

Expanse of wings : 20 mm.

One S from Sierra Leone.

Forewings with apex rounded ; hindwi(igs with hindmargin well rounded,

the anal angle almost lobed.

4. Craspedia rufinubes sp. nov.

Forewings : bone-colour, hardly speckled ; first and second lines indistinct,

at one-third and one-half of costa, both angled outwards, in cell and on vein 6,

then oblique inwards to one-fonrth and beyond middle of inner margin respectively :

exterior line I'ed brown and tine at three-fourths, shaped as in addirtarid Wlk.,

followed except at costa by a lunnlatc purplish grey band, which is fringed with

rufous and darker beyond cell and above anal angle ; submarginal line waved,

followed by a marginal rnfons fuscous band, finely edged with white l)efore the

black festooned marginal line; fringe bone-colour, tinged with rufous and grey;

apical iiale space with a patch of black-and-white scales ; cellspot black, placed

in an indistinct grey annulus, which is sometimes faint.

Ilimlwings: with the cellspot placed in a large grey loop formed by the

median line ; outer line and submarginal shades rufous grey, less pronounced

than in forewings.

Underside with the lines and markings grey. Face and palpi above black

briiwn : vertex, thorax, and abdomen concolorous with wings.

Expanse of wings 22 — 24 mm.

Three S <S from Unyoro ; two from Warriugo Hiver, August and Decembei-

ibS)7, one from Ulumb, January 1898 (Dr. Ansorge).

( 9-^ )

."). Eois macrostyla sji. nov.

Forewings : ochreous, tinged with yellowish, aiul dusted with fuscous; costa

brownish fuscous at base ; the lines brown ; first at one-fourth, well marked on

costa, below which it is bent ; outer line at three-fourths, bluntly angled outwards

ou vein 0, then oblique to inner margin at three-fourths ; median shade indistinct ;

snbmarginal line pale, betweeu ochraceous shades ; fringe glossy ochreous, with

rather large dark spots at the base beyond the edge of the wing.

Hiiidwinqs : with the outer line sinuous, and a slight cellspot.

Underside more strongly tinged with yellowish, and more coarsely speckled

with blaikisli ; the Hues darker. Thorax and abdomen ochraceous ; vertex pale,

face and i)alpi dark brown.

Expanse of wings : In mm.

One 6 from tlie west side of the Luitpold Mountains, near Ikutha, British

East Africa.

I have not beeu able to denude the unique specimen, but as far as can be

made out, veins 6, 7 of the hiudwings separate just before the hindmargiu.

0. Eois sublimbaria sp. nov.

Foreivings : bone-colour, roughly freckled with pale greyish or brownish

scales ; costa marked with indistinct purjjlish grey dashes, denoting the origin

of the lines ; these are scarcely traceable, but appear to run all parallel to the

hindmargin, which is preceded by purplish grey scales, most prominent beyond the

cell ; fringe coucolorous, chequered with purplish grey ; no cellspot.

Hindtoings : with the dark marginal scales more prominent.

Underside similar. Face purplish brown : vertex, thorax, and abdomen cou-

colorous with wings.

Expanse of wings : 14 mm.

One i from South Africa.

7. Induna curvimargo sp. nov.

Foreivings : bone-colour, faintly powdered with darker ; first and second lines

ochraceous, diffuse ; first at one-fifth, angled in cell ; second from just beyond

one-half, angled on vein (i, to middle of inner margin ; third line brown, fine

and concise, rounded at vein G, then sinuous to three-fourths of inner margin,

followed by an ochraceous shade with lunulate outer edge, stopping short at

vein 0, below which it is darkest ; shade beyond submarginal line hardly expressed;

marginal line brown, containing darker dots between the veins in upper half of

wing ; fringe bone-colonr, tinged with ochraceous ; cellspot black.

llindwings : withont first line ; the shade beyond outer line fainter.

Underside boue-colonr, speckled with pale brown ; cellspots and outer line

only plain. Face and palpi brown ; vertex, thorax, and abdomen like wings.

Expanse of wings : 22 mm.

One c? from Mpeta, Loangwa River, afllnent of the Zambesi, November and

December 1895, the begiuuing of the rainy season (Coryndon).

Very near to Induna albida AVarr. from Usuga ; but the hindmargin of both

wings bent in the middle, in the hiudwings strongly ; hind-tibiae withont pencil

of hairs and without spurs ; tarsi as long as tibiae.

( 93 )

8. Isoplenia albivertex sp. nov.

Foi-ewings : pale ochreous, varied with rnfons scales, as fai- as the second line,

and densest at base ; lines rufous ; first at one-third, curved; second at two-thirds,

denticulate outwards on the veins, the teeth of veins 3, 4, and 0 i)rominent : third

line at five-sixths, parallel throughout to second, followed by a lunulate reddish

fascia; marginal line thick, red, swollen along the veins, which are also red beyond

third line; fringe reddish; cellspot linear, reddish.

llirulwinffs : similar ; the third line not so near the hindmargin, and the sub-

marginal fascia not so distinct.

Underside pale ochreous, with the outer and marginal lines only.

Face and palpi reddish; antennae and vertex pure white; thorax and abdomen

ochreous, much suffused with rufous.

Expanse of wings : S 30 mm.

One i from Anderson River, Natal.

Diifers from the type species /. trisiiiuata in having the vertex and antennae

pnrc white instead of red; and the antennae are fully and obliqnely pectinated.

9. Ptychopoda basicostalis sp. nov.

Foreicings : bone-colour dusted with grey, and tinged in places with ochreous;

costa brown from base to first line; first line brown, at one-third of costa, below

which it is angulated and then runs obliquely to one-fourth of inner margin; outer

line from three-fourths of costa to three-fourths of inner margin, inwardly oblique

and dark brown at costa, bent ontwards at vein 6 and inwards on submedian fold,

irregularly waved between. Cellspot large, black, with an indistinct ochraceon-s

middle shade through it ; two indistinct submarginal ochraceous shades.

Hindwings : with large black cellspot, and indistinct curved postmedian and

submarginal lines.

Underside with cellspot and outer line very distinct.

Face, collar, and front of shoulders brown; vertex, thorax, and abdomen like

wings.

Expanse of wings : 13 mm.

One cJ from South Africa.

The hindmargin of hindwings is bulged at middle; hindlegs wanting.

10. Ptychopoda squamulata sp. nov.

Forewings: brownish-ochreous, the speckling and lines purplish fuscous; basal

half of costa fuscous; inner line from two-fifths of costa and median obliquely

curved inwards and parallel as far as the median vein, where the median line

becomes divergent; within the inner line and near it is another less distinct; outer

line sinuous, at four-fifths, followed by a sinuous purplish grey shade, which is

partially obsolescent towards costa and is edged by the submarginal line beyond

which is another grey shade; cellspot fuscous: fringe concolorous with wings, with

a median line formed of dots of blackish scales beyond the vein ends.

Hindwings : with no inner lines; the purplish grey shade beyond outer line

narrower.

Underside with basal and marginal areas speckled with fuscous, the space

( 9-1 )

between median and onter lines in both wings clearer. Face and palpi purplish

fnscons; thorax, vertex, and abdomen concolorons with wings.

Expanse of wings : 14 mm.

One 6 from Weenen, Natal.

Though diflerent in markings, it is possible this may be a form oi I'f. ejilinot'i-

Warr., also from Weenen.

II. Sterrha griseolineata sp. nov.

Closely allied to Sterrha punctilineata Warr., Nov. Zool. IV. p. 0;!, from

Weenen, Natal, but with all the lines and shading fuscoas grey, not ochreons. The

difference is more particularly noticeable on the underside.

E.tpanse of wings : IT mm. — 21 mm.

Two c? S from Howick, Natal.

Subfamily ASTHKNINAE.

Leucoxena gen. nov.

Forewings : narrow and elongate; costii cnrved only at ba^e antl befori' a])e.x;

hiudmargin oblique, hardly curved ; anal angle rounded otl'.

HiDiliviiiys : elongate: hiudmargin curved and s-liglitly elbowed nt vein 4.

Antennae of cJ bipectinated. The pectinations ciliated; palpi porrect, hairy, terminal

joint short; hind-tibiae without spurs; tongue and frenulum present.

Xi'urution : forewings, cell half as long as wing: discocellular vertical; first

median at two-thirds, second at seven-eighths: radials normal; T, 8, 9, stalked

from well before end of cell; 10 and 11 stalked, 10 anastomosing with 7, s, '.I.

Hind wings with costal anastomosing with snbcostal for only one-third of cell; veins

7 and 8 stalked; medians as in forewings : radial from centre of discocellular.

Type : Lev.co.cenn lacterj, sp. nov.

12. Leucoxena lactea sp. nov.

I'orewings : creamy white, finely dusted with fuscons atoms; two faint ochreous

streaks from inner margin parallel to hindmargin, at one-third, and one-half, both

obsolescent above the median vein; an oblique straight fnscons line from before

sipex to two-thirds of inner margin and an indistinct submarginal shade: marginal

line fine, black, swollen into spots between the veins; fringe concolorons.

Hiiidwings : less dusted, with the two outer lines only.

Underside with costal area of forewings and marginal area iif both wings beyond

outer lines tinged with grey. Head, thorax, and abdomen white; shaft of antennae

white, the joints and pectinations fnscons.

Expanse of wings : 22 mm.

One c? from the west side of Luitpold IMoutitains near Ikutha. British East

Africa.

Subfamily DEILINIINAE.

13. Parasynegia rufigrisea sp. nov.

Forewings: dull lilac grey, speckled and suffused with vinous red; the costa

strignlated with fnscons; a diffuse reddish patch at base, its outer edge curved and

( 9' )

projecting- iu cell; central fascia uarrow, with sinuous edges: iuucr edge from just

before middle of costa to before middle of inner margin, outer edge at two-thirds;

the edges parallel, outcurved above and incurved below middle: dentate-lunnlate,

the outer more regular than the inner; the inner shaded outwardly and tlie outer

Inwardlj-, with red, the Innules of the outer finely margined with grey; submarginal

line grey, Innulate, preceded and followed by vinous red, and broadly interrnpted

between veins 4 and G by a lilac grey jiatch which extends to hindmargin, the apex

also remaining grey; marginal spots dark red brown; fringe reddish-grey.

Huuhvings : similar, the central fascia more filled up with red and narrowed

towards inner margin, the cellspot linear, pale grey, with red edges.

Underside dull grey, tinged with rod, the markings indistinct. Head, thorax,

and abdomen lilac-grey tinged with red ; tjieface, paliii, and shoulders red.

Expanse of wings : 44 mm.

One 9 from Old Calabar. Differing in colouration and markings from all

the Indian species of the genus, but agreeing in neuration except that the cell is

shorter.

Slbfamii.y ASCOTINAE.

14. Alcis argillacea sp. nov.

I'orewings : straw colour, tinged iu places with ochraceous, and si)ecklei4

irregularly with brown; the lines brownish; first from one-fourth of costa to cue-

third of inner margin, bent in cell; second, median, from costa beyond middle to

middle of inner margin, sinuous and regularly dentate; outer line from three-fourth.s

of costa to inner margin close lieyond median line, regularly dentate, followed by a

dentate-lunulate shade which between veins Sand 5 forms a large cloudy blotch;

snbmarginal indistinct, preceded by darker Innules of which one below costa and

two beyond cell are very conspicuous; cellsiiot and marginal spots large and browji-

black; fringe concolorous.

llindwinys : similar, without first line.

Underside like uijper. Head, thorax, and abdomen (damaged) like wings.

Expanse of wings : 52 mm.

One <S from the Kassai country, Congo Free State, LsIIn.

The single example is unluckily worn. Guener's aw.dictariit from '• Aliyssinia "

expands only 40 mm., while Walker's vicaria from South Africa, which corresponds

in point of size, is greyish fawn-colour. In the fore wings veins 10 and 11 are short-

stalked; the palpi are well develoi)ed. the third joint being fine and distinct, half a.s

long as the second.

SriiFAMii.v SEMIOTHISINAE.

15. Gronodela siennata sp. nov.

Foreicings : whitish, with coarse olive fuscous spots and striae: costiil area

fuscous, the costal edge itself rather deep ochreous, marked with black sputs; the

three lines starting from black spots; first at one-fifth, second before middle, third

at two-thirds; the first angled iu cell, then oblique inward; second angled on vein (i.

then oblique, touching lower end of the oblique cellspot, and preceded on inner

margin by a thick fuscous line; outer line fine, double, subsinuate, black with a

lustrous grey line in the middle, followed by an irregnlarly dentate pale sienna

brown fascia, speckled with black; marginal area purplisli grey, with slight whitish

spot towards apex; marginal line dark; fringe grey, with whitish base.

( 96)

Himhvings : with a black spot at base; a diffuse straight fuscous shade before

middle, arched before the black cellspot; a double black straight ])0<tmedian line

with a lustrous grey line between ; marginal area as in forewings, with a pale

triangular patch below median.

Underside with costa of both wings 3-ellowish; the brown subraargiual fascia

broader; head and collar yellowish ochreous si)ecklcd with blackish; thorax and

abdomen cinereous.

Expanse of wings : 38 mm.

One c? from Warri, Niger Coast Protectorate, May 1897 (Dr. Eoth).

Platypepla geu. nov.

Forewings : short and broad; costa straight for the first half, then strongly

convex; apex blunt, slightly produced; hindmargin faintly sinuous; anal angle

rounded.

Himhvings : ample; the hindmargin very fully rounded.

Palpi short, thick, not reaching beyond forehead, terminal joint minute;

antennae long, snbserrate-ciliato; tongue and frenulum present; legs rather stout:

hind-tibiae with four spurs; forewings with fovea.

Nenration : forewings, cell fully half as long as wing, the extremities con-

vergent; discocellular vertical; first median at five-eighths, second at seven-eighths;

radials normal ; 7, 8, 9, stalked from well before end of cell ; 10 and 11 coincident,

anastomosing with 12; submedian vein slightly bulged at base beneath the fovea.

Hind wings : costal approximated to subcostal for half of cell; vein 7 well before

end of cell; medians as in forewings; no radial.

Type Plati/pepla nudaria, sp. nov.

Closely approximating in structure to Semiothisa.

16. Platypepla nudaria sp. nov.

Fomrings: pale fulvous ochreous, rather deeper tinged at base and along

hindmargin; costa speckled with brownish fuscous; a small dark spot on costa near

base, and an oblique dark streak at one-third, suggesting the commencement of

basal and inner lines; traces of a postmedian line; cellspot black, distinct; fringe

concolorons.

Hindwings : with black cellspot and traces of postmedian curved line on inner

margin.

Underside yellower speckled with brown; cellspots and postmedian line of

hindwings only visible. Head, thorax, and abdomen concolorons with wings; palpi

brown above.

Expanse of wings: 22 mm.

One (J from South Africa, without more precise locality.

The insect is not fresh, but does not appear to have ever had distinct lines or

markings. It bears some superficial resemblance to tlie Lithosid genus Nudaria.

Subfamily FIDONIINAE.

17. Fidonia acuta sp. nov.

Forewings : rufous ochreous, with transverse brown striae, the costa dotted

with fuscous; hindmarginal area deeper-tinted, towards anal angle becoming violet

( 97 )

grey. Marginal line formed of black dashes between the veins ; fringe

coucoloroiis.

Hindwings : with the whole hindmargin narrowly violet grey.

Underside paler, dusted with rufons. Head, thorax, and abdomen concolorons.

Expanse of wings : 22 mm.

One cJ from the Cape of Good Hope (Felder ( 'oll.j.

The forewings Lave the apex produced and subacute; the palpi are long and

rostriform.

Subfamily ENNOMINAE.

Pareclipsis punctata sp. nov.

Foveirimj!s: piile reddish fawn-colour, densely but finely black speckled; the

lines marked by black spots on the veins; first slightly curved at one-fourth; second

from five-sixths of costa below which it is slightly outcnrved, oblique to three-

fourths of inner margin, where it becomes obscurely double ; a slight oblique dark

shade from aj)ex ; marginal spots black ; cellspot large, black ; fringe concolorous.

Ili)i(/win(js : with a double postmedian line, the outer one dotted on the veins ;

a very faint trace of a submarginal line ; marginal spots scarcely visible.

Underside, with blackish cellspots and an outer line of spots on veins, that in

the hindwings being submarginal. Head, thorax, and abdomen concolorons.

Expanse of wings : 30 mm.

1 ? from Howick, Natal, Oct. 1891.

The apex of fore wings minutely produced ; hindmargin sinuous, rounded, not

elbowed, in the middle. Veins 7, 8, 9, stalked ; 10 and 11 free.

PHKUDOCHORDA Warr., Nov. Zool. V. p. 2.54.

The genus was described from a S, in which sex vein 7 is missing ; but I

find that in the ? the neuration is complete, vein 7 being stalked with 8, 9. The

antennae of the ? are bipectinate as in the S, the pectinations shorter and more

delicate. The specimen, which belongs to the type species /iiscimargo, was taken

at Howick, Natal, in October 1891.

Subfamily PROSOPOLOPHINAE.

Pachypalpia gen. nov.

Forewings: elongate; costa nearly straight ; apex blnnt; hindmargin obliquely

curved ; anal angle slight.

Iliiulicings: narrow; inner margin short; hindmargin subcreaulate, strongly

rounded above, nearly straight from anal angle to middle.

Palpi porrect, stout and hairy, first joint distinct, second broad and expanded,

hiding the third joint ; antennae of i stoutly bipectinate, of ? simple ; tongue

slightly developed ; frenulum present ; hind-tibiae swollen, with four spurs.

Xeuratioii : forewing, cell half of wing ; discocellular, vertical ; first median at

four-fifths, second close to third ; radials normal ; veins 7, 8, 9, stalked; lu and 11

coincident, anastomosing very strongly with 8, 0, and both separating shortly before

costa ; hiudwiug : costal approximated to subcostal for half of cell ; vein 7 from

close before angle ; no radial.

Type : PKchijpnlpia sabalhata sj). nov.

7

( »« )

Pachypalpia subalbata sjj. nov.

Fore>ri>tijx : jiale ^'ii'v, ilarkiT iiloiig iiiiR-r and hiinliiiiivgiiis ; lines ill lieHned,

bnt well uiarkcil bv dark costal spots ; first from one-fourth of costa to near base of

inner margin, with darker spots on the veins : second, median, from beyond middle

of costa t(i liefore middle of inner margin, followed by a largish cellsjiot : third

from threc-fonrths of costa to just beyond middle of inner margin, marked by dark

vcinspots, and forming a sinus inwards beyond cell and ou submedian fold ; no

spots on radial and snbmediiin fold ; snbmarginal pale, indistinctly waved, preceded

by a lunnlatc oblique shade : marginal line dark : friu'.'c whitish, with distinct dark

marks beyond the veins.

Itindiriiujx : with distinct dark marginal border : dark iiufcmrdjaii and dotted

postmedian, nearly straight, lines ; cellspot small.

Underside: white, speckled with fnscous ; both wings with daik marginal

border, interrupted below mi<ldle an<l more distinct in liindwings ; (•i'll>iiors jireseut,

bnt no lines. Head, thora.x, and abdomen whitish, speckled with fuscous : face and

jialpi more varied with fuscous.

E.Npanse of wings : 30 mm.

A pair from the west side of l,uitiiolcl .Mountains, near Ikufha, IJritisli East

Africa.

NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF BREPANULIDAE,

TJIYRIDIBAE, EFIPLJiMlDAE, AND GEOMETllTDAE.

FROM THE 1ND0-AU8THALIAX AND P.VL.\EARC'TI( ' l{E(ilONN.

Bv W. WAKREN, M.A., F.K.S.

I'.vMiLV DREPANULIDAE.

I. Gogana Integra sp. nov.

J'd/i'/ri/K/x : pale mouse-colour, dusted with darker, with traces of a dark central

and double snbnuirginal tascia, marked witli dark brown and ferrngiuims; fringe

with thirk spots beyond the veins: no hyaline jiatch beyond cell.

Hiii(//cuii/x : without any nnirkings.

Underside duller: head, thonix. and iilxlonien coiu:olorous ; t':u-e and i)aliii

dark brown.

E.xpanse of wings : ".'•'i mm.

One i from (Government Hill, I'enung, l,tio(i feel, .M;iy Is'.is (Cnrtis).

In forewings the costa is very strongly protuberant near base, and the

hindmargin produced in middle into a jirominent triangle.

2. Gonocilix renifera sp. nov.

I'orrwiiKiii : wliite, with a large, sli>;htly obli((ae, kidney-shajied blotch of

ochreous and grey scales just before middle ol' inner margin, reaching to upper

margin of cell and extending beyond it between veins 4 and (i, its origin represented

by a small irrcy spot on costa at :ibour oni'-third. and followeil lietwcen veins ',' and 4

( "f )

by a cleai' Jiyalinc patcb; outer line from costa before two-tbirds, oblirjue ontwavds

and ochreons as far as vein 5, then Unin late inwards and grey, parallel to liindmargin,

the Innnle between veins 4 and o filled up with black: snbniargiual line white,

Innulate-dentate, preceded and followed by ochreons jrrey bands, more or less broken

np into patches by the paler veins and not extending beyond vein 0, the apical area

remaining pure wliite; the onter band shaded with brown and fulvous scales,

especially between veins 0 and :*>: fringe wliite witii small black marginal dots at

the ends of the veins: the discocellnlar marked with briglit silvery scales.

Iliii<lirin(j.< : with an obscure curved grey cloud near base: the centre of wing

Dccnjiied by a hyaline space in which the silvery discocellular is conspicuous; a

submarginal undulating white lin(^ with a grey band preceding and following it;

marginal dots and fringe as in forewings.

Underside with base of costa of forewings smoky fuscous; a broad smoky

fuscous central fascia not i-eacln'ng costa and eonuected beyond cell with a darker

sulnuarginal funnel-shaped fascia; hindwing with costa near base and a subapic^l

fascia grey; face brown-black, with the lower margin white; vertex, thorax, and

jtbdiimen white.

Expanse of wings: vJS mm.

One ? from Gnnong Ijau, Perak, March 1898 (Butler).

Tiie single specimen is unfortunately much worn. It agrees in neuration with

the type sjiecies, except that vein (i rises from the upper end of cell and not from the

areole, and tlie np|)or part of discocellular is concave merely, not inangnlated.

H. Oreta pusilla sj). nov.

rdicwinti.i : pale yellow; a rufous spot in cell towards base, and a rnfons cloud

before lower end: a fine obli(pie rufous line from apex to three-fourths of inner

margin; three wedge-shajieil red-brown spots liefore middle of hindmargin on veins

'^, :?, and 4; fringe yellow, slightly rufous tinged.

Hindwinx/s : with the lufous line just beyond the middle, and with an ante-

median rufous line, visible only towards inner margin.

Underside : yellow, forewings witli costa at base rufous and a rufous clond

•along middle of liindmargin iiulnding the three brown sjwts.

Face and legs deep crimson: vertex, collar, and patagia rufous fulvous;

siioulders and abdomen yellowish.

Expanse of wings : "24 mm.

(jne tS from Yeiipooii, Queensl;ui<l, October 1800, from the Barnard Collection.

Tlie apex of forewing is hardly produced; the hindmargin oblique and straight.

In the forewings (!, T, IS, 9, 10, are stalked, 11 free; 9 and 10 long stalked; (i out of

7, s.

Akin to O./iisr/in'OY/o Warr., from •Queensland.

4. Oreta roseola s]). nov.

Fonitr//i(/g : uniform pale flesh-colour; a darker oblique line from costa just

before apex to two-thirds of inner margin; a patch of whitish, black-speckled scales

in the apex, and two blackish, white-edged lunules on veins '2 and 3 before the

hindmargin ; fringe concolorous.

Hin<in-i»gs : with antemedian jind postmedian jiarallel darker lines, neither

reaching the costa.

( 100 )

,. Underside paler; forewiujrs with a grey clond along hindmargiu.

Face (lull deep red; tlie lesrs rosy; thorax and abdomen like wings; shoulders

and antennae whitish.

Expanse of wings : 30 mm.

One ? from Dawson District, Queensland, from the Barnard Collection.

The forewings are elongate, the apex only slightly and bluntly produced, the

hindmargin sinnons, being faintly elbowed above vein 3. In the forewings only

7, 8, 9, 10 are stalked together, (i rising from the same point; 9, 10 sliortly separating

from 7, 8, and coincident till near apex.

Family THYHIDIDAE.

5. Dysodia bipuncta sp. nov.

Nearest to D. siculoides Feld. in appearance, but the ground colour more

golden yellow and the markings brighter fulvous; in the hindwings there are two

small white hyaline dots, one at eacli end of the discocellular; in ignita Wlk. there

is only one dot, at the lower end, and the ground colour is redder; in siculoides

Feld. the hiudwing is entirely without dots.

Expanse of wings: 35 mm.

One S from Gunong Ijau, Perak, March 1898 (Butler).

0. Dysodia laevis sp. nov.

Forewings : uniform smooth bright ferruginous, with a ver}' few and obscure

dark ramifying streaks, and an oblique olive fuscous band at three-fifths, widened

on inner margin and in cell where it is angled : fringe slightly darker, with pale tips.

Himhvings : similar; with a large liyaline white cellspot, evenly carved towards

base, bilobed externally, the upper lobe small.

Underside duller and paler ; olive ochreons, snffused with dull brownish : the

reticulations darker and more numerous. Thorax and abdomen bright reddish

ferruginous : shoulders and head olive-brown ; hair tul'ts of the legs reddish ; the

tarsi fuscous, witli pale joints.

Expanse of wings : 32 mm.

Two cJc?, 1 ? from the Khasia Hills and Sikkim ; both sexes exactly alike.

Distinguished from fene strata Moore by the smoothness of the scaling and the

different shape of the hyaline spot.

Microctenucha gen. nov.

Forewings : elongate ; costa convex near base and before apex, slightly

insinuate between; apex prominent ; hindmargin curved.

JJindwings : costa convex in basal half ; apex prominent ; hindmargin curved.

Antennae short, stoutly bipectinate in both sexes, more shortly in the ?. Palpi

horizontally porrect, pointed ; forehead protuberant.

Neiiration : forewings, cell more than half as long as wing ; discocellular

faint, nearly vertical ; first median nervule at one-half, second well before end ;

lower radial a little above lower end of cell, upper from below upper end ; vein 7

shortly stalked with 8, 9 : 10 and 11 free.

Tyjic : .)/. munda Hmpsn. (Rhodoneura).

The genus is related to Camptocheilas Hmpsn., and Oxycophina Warr.,

agreeing with the latter in the pectinated antennae.

( 101 )

Family EPIPLEMIDAE. . . .

T. Epiplema basipuncta sp. inn.

Forewi)it/x : (Iv)ll whitisli, with sliglit grey si)ecldiiig and suffusion ; the two

liues dark grey ; first from one-third of costa, bhintly angled outwards on the

median vein, to inner margin before middle ; second from three-fifths of costa

obliquely curved outwards to vein 4, then bluntly angled and inflected to vein 2,

whence it again runs outwards to inner margin at two-thirds ; preceded in cell and

on inner margin l)y a pale brown shading ; a dark curved line from before apex to

vein 2; the hindmargin darker grey; a dark interrupted marginal line; fringe

whitish, chequered with grey ; a tilack spot at base below the submedian vein.

Hinduings : with both lines ochreons and grey, acutely angled at vein 4 and

conversely darker shaded ; marginal area pearl grey, slightly lustrous ; marginal

line finely black : a minute black dot with some shining pale scales before lower

tooth.

Underside dull whitish. Face and palpi dark brown ; vertex, thorax, and

abdomen whitish.

Expanse of wings : 17 mm.

1 6 from Waterfall Valley, Peuang, March and April 1898 (Curtis).

Forewiugs with hindmargin slightly incurved below apex and bulging below

middle ; hindwings with a sharp tooth at apex as well as at veins 4 and 7. In the

hindwings the cell is very short, the wing-membrane puckered and semihyaline.

8. Epiplema bellissima sp. nov.

For-ewinffs : pale lilac grey, obscurely freckled with darker; the costa with

short dark grey striae ; an obli(jue inner line from one-fourth of costa touching a

ferruginous sjiot in cell, a dark obliquely bent line from just beyond middle of costa,

edged on each side with ferruginous, stopping short at vein 4, and ending in a double

upright dark mark on inner margin before anal angle ; hindmargin dark grey from

apex to vein 3, limited inwardly by a straight brown-lilack line with ferruginous

edges ; fringe grey with darker base, and traces of pale dots at the ends of veins.

Jlindwinys : with a briglit chestnut streak along cell forming a wedge-shaped

mark with the discocellular line which is also chestnut ; outer line chestnut,

bluntly angled in middle, preceded by a bright chestnut suffusion, and followed by

the same colour above middle with a lustrous blue line through it, the angle pale

with black scales ; a dark grey curve between the teeth containing above vein 5 a

pure white spot on hindmargin ; fringe dark grey ; all tlie veins in marginal half

pale grey.

Underside pale blue-grey, with a few dark frecklings. Face and palpi black ;

vertex, thorax, and abdomen pale whitish grey. Hindmargin of forewings entire ;

of hindwings with a tooth at veins 4 and 7.

Expanse of wings : 23 mm.

One S from Waterfall Valley, Penang, March and April 1898 (Curtis).

Family GEOMETRIDAE.

Subfamily OENOCHROMINAE.

y. Dichromodes steropias ab. nexistriga nov.

Differs from the type form (as described), in having a brown-black, irregularly

sinuous streak from costa close to base to hindmargin a little below apex, passing

( 1(12 )

along the median vein ami iijicurved to the spot at end of cell, then straight to

siilimurgitial lini' and again oliliiiue ii|)\vards to margin ; the transverse lines, as

de.M-riliwl hy JMevrii-k, arc in this exaiuph' more or less faint or obsolescent, whih.^

the veins beyond the middle are in phiecs marked witii blackish scales. The iiind-

wiugs are wholly whiti>li.

One J from Roebonrue, \\'est Australia.

Though I have not seen an example of typical t<feiv/'/\it< Meyr., I liave little

doubt that this insect is rightly referable to it, thougli the horizontal dark streak

gives it a very abnormal appearance. Meyrick's three examples were all from West

Anstralia.

SiDKAMiT.r (iEOMETIilXAE.

Dithecodes gen. uov.

Forewinijs : costa faintly curved throughout ; hindmargin oblii^uely curved.

Hindwingg : with a blunt but perceptible elbow at vein 4. Palpi short,

porrect. Antennae (?) lamellate, sul)dentate, pubescent: tongue and frenulum

present ; hind-tibiae with terminal spurs only.

JS'euratioH : forewings, cell about half of wing ; median and subcostal conver-

gent towards end ; discocellular vertical ; tirst median just beyond middle, second

well before end of cell ; lower radial from a little above middle of discocellular ;

upper from top end of cell ; T, S, 0, stalked ; 10 and 11 from cell, 10 anastomosing

with 11, and again with 8, 9, forming a double areole. Hindwiugs with costal

touching subcostal near base ; 0, 7 very short-stalked ; medians as in forewings ;

radial from above middle of discocellulai'.

Type : Dithecodes erasa sp. uov.

The neuration is (jnite anomalous for tiiis subfamily, vein lu being usually

stalked with T, 8, 9; as it is also in all the genera oi Stenlnnaeyi\i\Q.\\ have a double

areole.

10. Dithecodes erasa sp. no v.

Wmijs : dull pale yellowish-green, with no visible markings.

Underside paler.

Head, thorax, and abdomen concolorous ; face and tips of palpi black-brown.

Expanse of wings : 30 mm.

One ? from Japan, without further locality.

Halophanes gen. nov.

Fm'ewiuy-'i : with costa arched at base, tiien straight or nearly so till closti

before apex ; apex blunt, rectangular : hindmargin somewhat incurved below apex,

then strongly bowed, and below the middle very obliijue to anal angle : inner

margin very short, hardly more than Juilf the costa.

Hindwinys : irregularly kite-shaped, the costa short, as lung as the inner

margin of forewings ; the inner margin longer ; hindmargin with a prominent

blunt tail at end of third median, and an elbow at end of second subcostal.

Frenulum absent. Palpi very short : tongue present : antennae of <S pubescent,

hardly ciliated ; legs slender.

Neuration : cell barely one-third of wing ; discocellular coucave ; tirst median

close before angle of cell ; second and third sliortly stalked ; lower radial from

( 10- )

»bovi! tlie centre of tliseocelluljir ; uiifier raili;il and tbe five sulicostaU stalked,

the first subcostal anastomosing with the costal. Hindwing with the two subco.stals

jvnd last two medians shortly stalked. Sealing elose and fine : stnicture ihlioate.

iVjK' : lliilujiliUDes .rn iitliKi-hlnvd Swinh. iMd.riiti'n).

StBiAMiiv STI'lHUHINAE.

11. Arhostia indecorata sji. nov.

FiireiriiK/.f : whitish oehvcoiis, diseolonied with tine pale liitjwn or nehreous

scales, the whole jivesenting a somewhat mealy apjiearanee ; the lines very

indistinctly marked with pale brownish scales, the first curved, the median and

exterior parallel to hindmargin, the latter waved, all three eipiidistant on inner

margin ; snbmarginal line almost obsolete : an obscure pale brown marginal line,

most distinct between the veins; fringe concolorous : cellspot rather large, didl

grey-brown.

Hi»<linug.'<: till' same, but without inner line, and the submargiual line more

distinct.

Underside with the cellspots. outer and marginal lines marked : forewiug

tinged with grey towards costa and base. Face and palpi dark brown ; vertex,

thorax, and abdomen like wings.

Expanse of wings : 20 mm.

One ? from Simla, N.-AV. India.

Hindmargin of forewings very faintly bent at vein 3, of hindwings slightly

dentate at vein 4, and concave between 4 and 0 ; veins 0, T of hindwings stalked.

Hind-tibiae of ? with terminal sptirs only. Apparently related to elongarin Itanib.

(? = iiridatii Zell.) recorded from Transcaucasia as well as from Spain.

1-'. Craspedia compressaria sji. nov.

Foreimny6 : greyish ochreous, with a slight pinkish tinge, and minutely

speckled with black : all the lines oblique, parallel to the hindmargin, and slightly

darker than the ground colour : first from one-third of costa, angled in cell close

before the black cellspot, then straight to one-fourth of inner margin, very

indistinct except below middle ; median shade from qnite two-thirds of costa,

e.xcurved beyond cell, and faintly denticulate to middle of iiuier margin ; outer

line waved, fine, oliliciue outwards to vein («, slightly incurved beyond cell and

on submedian fold to three-fourths of inner margin ; the teeth basewards above

and below vein ."> and submedian fold marked with black points, those on veins

6 and T with slighter points; marginal area with two narrow darker denticulate

shades enclosing the submargiual line ; uuxrginal spots black, distinct ; fringe

concolorous, with indistinct minute dark ilots at base beyond the veins.

Hindwinqs : with the median sluide autemedian; the outer line minutely

■waved and nearly straight, marked with black only on abdominal margin.

Underside paler : the cellspots, outer and marginal lines distinct, blackish.

Face and palpi externally black-brown : vertex, thorax, and abdonn-n like wings.

Expanse of wings : 20 mm.

Two ii from Bah, low country, March— April iy.'<i n>"heriy;.

Allied to annularia Swinh., and xpilodormfa AVarr.

( 104 )

ri Craspedia cretata si>. nov.

Foreicitigs : whitish straw-colour, with fine dark speckles ; the lines pale

ochraceons, all parallel to each other and to the hindmargin, which is obliquely

curved only in the lower half, so that the lines are less oblique than usual ; first

at one-third, second in middle or just beyond, third at two-thirds, obscur^'ly dentate,

sometimes rather darker marked on the veins ; snbterminal and subinarginal lines

undulating, indistinct; cellspot and marginal dots black and distinct; fringe

concolorons.

IIindwinq» : tlie same, without lirst line.

Underside white ; the outer lines and marginal dots indicated. Face deep

browu ; vertex, thorax, and abdomen concolorons with wings.

Expanse of wings : 2C mm.

Two ? ? from Sula Mangoli, October 1807 (Doherty).

Like ('. parasira Meyr., but distinguished by the white groinid colour, and

more vertical lines ; reminding one of a small pale immufntu Hiib.

14. Craspedia furfurata ab. subcamea nov.

Differs from typical C. fni-Junda Warr. in being wholly suffused with a very

pale pinkish tinge, instead of being pale straw-colour : the single example is

also a little smaller, and has the dark dusting finer.

One $ from Calcutta, February 18!»0.

There are specimens of typical /«/;/'///'«^a in the Triug Sluscum from Ceylon,

as well as from the Kulu district, Sabathu, and Simla, so tliat the aberration

cannot be looked upon as a southern form. It may be seasonal, as the only

dated sjiecimens of the typical form are recorded as taken in July and November.

!•"). Craspedia margaritaria s)). nov.

Voreicinys : pale ochreous or bone-colour, slightly dusted with black scales ;

the lines faint, pale greyish ochreous ; the cellspot a small ochreous ring ; very

much like C. mcuata Guen., but the outer line, instead of being dentate and marked

with black dashes on the veins, is very line and waved, sinuate inwards beyond

cell and on submedian fold, and forming two slightly darker luuules tinged yni\\

rufous ; a row of black marginal spots ; fringe concolorons, with black dots at base

licyond the veins.

llindiriiuin : similar, witli the cellsjiot black as in rai-xatu.

Underside whitish ; the forewing with outer line and marginal spots blackish ;

towards the costa slightly fuscons tinged, but not nearly so strongly as in cacuaiu.

Face and palpi externally black: thorax and alidomen like wings: the latter

spotted with black on dorsum.

Exj)anse of wings : 8n mm.

Two ii from South Celebes, August— September 1^'.»1 (Doherty).

Distinguished from the allied forms by the lower radial rising above the centre

of discocellular ; the hind-tibiae of the i are wholly bone-colour.

10. Craspedia rufimixtaria sp. nov.

Foreahiys: dull flesh-coloured ochreous, with slight dusting of darker scales ;

lines fuscous grey ; the inner line not visible in the type sjiecimeu, which is

( 105 )

slightly worn near base ; median obscnre and obliqne from nearly three-t'ourths of

costa to middle of inner margin ; outer line from six-sevenths of costa to four-fifths

of inner margin fine, dentate-lnnulate, followed by a clondy snbmarginal shade ;

cellspot small, black.

Ilimlwings : with curved anteniediau and postmediau dark liiie-i, a black

cellspot, and two darker shades in tlie deeper-coloured marginal area.

Underside yellowish ocbreous, with a pink tinge ; the outer line only shown.

Face and palpi black-brown ; vertex white ; thorax and abdomen like wings.

Expanse of wings : 22 mm.

One S from Selaru, Teuimber Islands, March — April 1897 (Micholitz).

The entire fringes are gone ; there ai)pears to have been no mari;-inal line

or dots. Hind-tarsi of 6 nearly as long as hind-tibiae, which are scarcely thickened,

and not aborted, but without spurs.

17. Craspedia imdilinea sp. uov.

Foreiviiigs : bone-colour, dusted with dark scales ; the lines greyish ochreons ;

the first curved, at one-third ; the median shade from two-thirds of costa to middle

of inner margin slightly sinuous, somewhat diffuse, sometimes tinged with fulvous ;

outer line grey, thick, denticulate, i'rom five-sixths of costa to four-fifths of inner

margin ; snbmarginal line pale, waved, between two ochreous bands ; cellspot

black, distinct ; a row of black marginal dots ; fringe concolorous.

Hindwings : without first line ; the cellspot larger and prominent.

Underside with cellspots, outer line, and marginal spots distinct ; I'orewings

towards liase and costa washed with grey. Face black-brown ; vertex, thorax,

and abdomen like wings.

Expanse of wings : 26 mm.

Several specimens from Lifu, Loyalty Islands.

Perhaps a local form of parasira Meyr. ; the ground colour paler, and the

exterior line much more strongly expressed ; in the prominence of the cellspots

of hindwings it agrees with C. discata Warr.

18. Eois carneofasciata sp. nov.

Foreivings : cream-colour, more yellowish along costa, dusted with grey towards

base, and with traces of a curved line at one-third ; outer line distinct, irregularly

■wavy, at three-fourths, indented on submedian fold ; followed by a lilac-grey fascia

of uniform width, its outer edge parallel to the outer line, and starting from the anal

angle, abruptly stopping at vein 0 ; beyond the pale snbmarginal line which

succeeds the Aiscia, the marginal area is pale lilac-grey : fringe pale, witli obscnre

dark dots beyond the veins ; cellspot small, but distinct.

JJindwutgs : with the outer line and darker marginal area less distinct.

Underside the same ; the basal half of each wing greyer.

Face and palpi dark brown : vertex, thorax, and abdomen cream-eolnur.

Expanse of wings : 1.5 mm.

One ? from Mt. Arjano, Java (W. Doherty).

The forewings are elongate, with the apex produced, the hindmargin oblique

and straight ; hindwings small, with ronnded hindmargin which is slightly incised

beyond cell.

( 106 )

19. Eois ferrilinea sp. nov.

FofCwi/ii//< : wliitisb grey, rather loiiiscly speckled with black and hoary scales;

coi-ta greyer ; inner and outer lines Wack ; the inner, at one-third, sinuous, curved

outwards abovf and inwards below the median vein, with dark spots on tlie veins ;

onter at three-fonitlis, iriefrularly dentate inwards on the veins, but forming a

prominent tooth outwards on vein C, and a blunter [irujection between veins 3 and 4,

preceded by a ferruginous median line which is sinuate i)arallel to inner line,

sprinkled throughout with black scales, and starting from a dark costal spot ; sub-

marginal line waved, pale, between two dark grey shades, the inner of which is

interrupted beyond cell ; fringe grey, with (latches of black scales at base beyond

the vein ends.

Hin(lwui(fs : similar ; the discocellular marked with irregular black scales.

Underside grey, without speckling ; the outer lines marked by black veinspota.

Face and palpi externally black: vertex, thorax, and abdomen grey, finely black-

speckled ; tlie abdomen with sliglit black rings.

Expanse of wings : 14 mm.

One d from Dawson district, N. Queensland, March 1887 (Barnard Collection).

Nearest to Acidalia halmaea Meyr., from Sydney and Tasmania, with which it

agrees in structure and size.

20. Eois fiicosa sp. nov.

Forewinyg : pale glossy ochreous ; the lines or bauds broad, yellow or fulvous

ochreous, waved, those beyond middle slightly indented beyond cell, and more

strongly on submediau fold ; their edges waved : the pale ground colour appearing

as narrower bands between them : the single S has the fulvous tints darker than

the two ? ? (which are, however, both more or less worn), and the basal one-third

altogether snflPused with fulvous ; a very faint darker cellspot on the median band :

no marginal dots ; fringe concolorons with the darker bands.

Ilindirimjx : the same.

Underside with the markings grey tinged and traversetl by lighter veins ; the

forewings darker tinged. Face and palpi externally black brown ; vertex, thorax,

and abdomen pale ochreous, varied with darker.

E.xpanse of wings : 13 mm.

One S, two ? 9, from .Seahill, Qncenslatid, May 1^•^T (Barnard Collection).

Hindlegsof J aborted, without spuis ; hind-tibiae of ? with terminal spurs only.

2\. Eois glabripennis sp. nov.

Forrn-iiiys: pearl grey, with a faint lilac tinge ; the costa finely yellowish

speckled with fuscous : no distinct markings ; but in certain lights a pale curved

median and submarginal yellowish line can be made out, as well as some marginal

spots, as in Eois cotstiyattatu Warr. from tlie Khasias, but there are no costal pale

blotches ; fringe pale grey.

Uindwiiiys : the same.

Underside silky whitish ; the costa of forewings ochreous with grey speckles.

Face and ()alpi brown ; vertex, thorax, and abdomen concolorons with wings.

Expanse of wings : 17 mm.

( 107 )

One S from Mt. iVrjnuo, J:cva (W. Doliert.y) ; four ? ? from Peuauy, May

1807 (Curtis).

The hindmargiii of liiiidwings is rounded, not subaiigulate as in i-ostiynffatn.

The species comes close to K. auricruda Butl. = piiimbeo-'icnptii Chr.

22. Epicosymbia conspersa sji. nov.

FureiciH(j.-i : rufous ochrcous, the ground colour almost liiddeu by dense fascons

scales ; the lines greyish fuscous ; first at one-third, curved ; median sinuate and

slightly dentate ; these two very obscure ; outer line at five-sixths, more distinct,

dentate ; cel!s[iot dark, not very di.stinct ; a fine marginal line of dark scales ; fringe

concoiorous, with small dark dots at ends of veins.

llimhniKjx : witli cellspot and outer line only.

Underside pale jiinkish ochreous, unspeckled, with the outer and marginal lines,

cellspots, and marginal dots marked. Head, thorax, and abdomen like wings ; face

and j)alpi externally reddish ; vertex and shaft of antennae white.

Expanse of wings : 24 mm.

One S from Snmba, February 1800, below 2,0oi) feet (Doherty).

This species agrees structurally in all points with Epicosymbia, the type of

which is a South African species.

23. Problepsis argentea sp. nov.

Forewings : silvery white, sprinkled with fine black scales, witliont markings

of any kind.

Ilinilivinys : the same ; the diseucellular marked with brighter metallic scales ;

fringes of both wings white.

Underside white, without any black scales. Head, thorax, and abdomen white ;

palpi white, tinged above with rosy : forelegs internally ros}'.

Expanse of wings : 32 mm.

One ? from Dammcr Island, Banda Sea, Dec. 1898 (H. Kiihn).

24. Ptychopoda comparanda si', nov.

Forewings : pale greyish ochreons, dusted with darker ; the lines much as in

actiosa.ria Wlk., the inner and outer both darker on costa and inner margin ; the

median shade sinuate, distinct in the ?; all three lines rather thick ; cellspot small,

dark : a marginal row of small dark dots, placed at the edge of the wing, not, as iu

actiosaria, at the base of the fringe, which is concoiorous.

Himlwings : the same, without first line ; the antemedian line iu the ? plain.

Underside whitish : forewings with distinct dark shade close to margin, making

the fringe appear paler. Face dark brown ; vertex and collar brownish ; thorax

and abdomen like wings.

Expanse of wings : 16 — 17 mm.

A pair from Puttalam, Ceylon.

The tuft of the hind-tibiae is wholly ochreous ; iu semiserice'i Warr. from the

Khasias the inside is blackish.

25. Ptychopoda decidua sp. nov.

Fm-ewings : pale ochreous, without the grey suffusion that occurs iu

P. actiosaria Wlk. ; the lines in the same position but ninch less diffuse, the

( 108 )

exterior line sli-rhtly curvwl, but not denticulate ; tbe cellsjiot anil dots in the

fringe much smalloi- and fainter.

Ilimlicim/s: witli antemcdian and iiostmcdian Xuw.a curved, but not crenulate.

Underside with the two lines of both wings concise and not denticulate.

The pencU of liair on the hind-tibiae of tlie S yellowish ochreous as in

Pt. actiosaria.

Expanse of wings : IT mm.

A pair from Sabathn, N.-W. India, August 1889,

Agrees with P. semisericea Warr., from the Khasias, in being paler and

smaller than actiosaria ; but in xemisericea the tuft of the hind-tibiae is blackish

internally.

26. Ptychopoda robusta sp. uov.

Foreicings: pale ocbreous, overlaid with yellower ochreous scales; the costa

narrowly ochraceons ; cellspot large, brownish ; the lines yellowish ochreous ;

inner and median lines very obscure ; outer line at four-fifths, slightly curved and

parallel to hiudmargin, followed by a paler band ; beyond this the marginal area

is again yellower ochreous, traversed by a faintly discernible paler snbmargiual line ;

fringe ochreous, with faint brownish dots at base beyond the veins.

J/iml/ciiiffs : the same.

Underside paler ; the cellspots and outer lines discernible. Face and palpi

brownish above, ochreous below : vertex, thorax, and abdomen like wings ; collar

ocbraceous, like the costal edge ; antennae with the shaft pale, the cilia ochraceons.

Tuft of hair on hind-tibiae ochreous externally, dark fuscous internally.

Expanse of wings : .'4 mm.

One (J from Negros, Philippines, March and April isyij (.J. AVhitehead).

The antennae are subserrate with very long curled cilia ; the whole insect has

a much more robust appearance than actiosaria Wlk. and its allies, to which it is

evidently most related.

2'. Ptychopoda sextinotata sp. uov.

Forewings : dingy ]iale grey, slightly tinged in parts with darker ; the lines

all parallel to each other and to tbe hindmargin which is oblique ; the inner at

one-third curved, marked with three blackish spots on veins ; median distinct,

from two-thirds of costa to middle of inner margin, denticulate and sinuate,

incurved below middle ; outer line from four-fifths of costa to three-fourths of

inner margin, denticulate, sinuate inwards beyond cell, the teeth with dark points

on the veins, that on vein (5 conspicuous ; the shade preceding the submarginal

line exactly parallel to tbe outer line, the outet' shade not sinnate beyond cell,

so that the submarginal pale line is broader and more distinct beyond cell : a

marginal series of distinct black dots ; fringe concolorous : cellspot blackish.

llindwinys : similar, the median line becoming antemedian ; the tooth on

Vein 0 of outer line prominent as in forevrings.

Underside grey, without distinct markings except the marginal dots. Face

and palpi externally fuscous brown ; collar dark grey ; vertex and antennae

whitish ; thorax and abdomen like wings.

Expanse of wings : 1 7 mm.

A pair from Penang (Curtis), the ? dated 1896, the c? February 1897.

Allied to Pt. mundaria Wlk., from Borneo.

( 109 )

28. Ptychopoda squamipimctata sp. nov.

Foi'c/rit'pg : flesh-coloured grey, slightly dusted with darker ; the lines

hardly darker ; first at one-third, starting from a small black costal spot ; outer

at three-fourths, vertical, a little darker at costa and inner margin, followed by

two faint submargiual shades ; fringe coucolorous, with distinct donble specks of

black scales at base beyond the veins ; cellspot dark, indistinct.

Ilindiciny^ : similar.

Underside paler ; the outer line faintly expressed. Face and palpi brown ;

vertex, thorax, and abdomen concolorons.

Expanse of wings : 17 mm.

One ? from Mount Avjuuo, Java (W. DohertyJ.

The hindmargins of both wings are subcrenulate. Allied to actiosaria Wlk.

29. Xenocentris incolorata ab. taeniata nov.

The specimen here described as an aberration differs considerably from either

of the other ii seen. It is pale ochreous without any distinct lines, but this may

be dne to its somewhat wasted condition. The basal half of costa is marked with

purplish-fuscous scales ; the cellspot is large and distinct ; before the hindmargin

is a waved purplish fuscous fascia, corresponding to what in the typical <?<? is the

dark grey shade preceding the submarginal line.

Hindwings : the same. Both wings dusted with purplish scales. The fringes

are quite obliterated.

Underside like upper. All else as in the type ; the tuft of hind-tibiae long

and purjjlish.

Expanse of wings : 13 mm.

One c? from the Kei Islands, March 1897 (H. Kiihn).

3(1 Xenocentris mimica sp. nov.

Sujieriicially exactly like Iliinipoyoit nanata Warr., described from the

Tenimber Islands, and of which I have since seen a pair from Ceylon ; differing in

having the 6 antennae armed with long ciliatious instead of their being merely

pubescent, and the hindwings beneath simply scaled, not clothed with hairs. One

S from Penungah, Borneo, December 1893, considerably worn. A ? from Mount

Dulit, N. Borneo (Hose), perfect except for the absence of abdomen, may almost

certainly be referred to the same species. This is dull greyish brown, darker than

typical H. nanata, and with the markings indistinct ; both inner and outer lines are

darker on costa and inner margin in both wings ; the cellspots are blackish and

distinct ; and the base of the fringe, which is concolorous with the wings, has

a row of distinct but minute dark dots. The underside is paler, more grey, marked

only with cellspots and outer line.

"Expanse of wings : i 10 mm., ¥ 17 mm.

One c? Penungah, N. Borneo, and one ? Mt. Dulit, N. Borneo, 1000 to 4000 ft.

(Hose).

Subfamily TEPHROCLYSTIINAE.

31. Rhinoprora palpata ab. decolorata nov.

In this form all the green tints are absent, being replaced by pinkish grey,

the whole wing having a glossy appearance ; tlie edges of the basal patch and

( llt» )

central fascia are coii.spiL'nously blackish, the inside being shaded with browD.

Hindwiiigs grey, with a single postmediaa augiilated line marked by dark vein-

dashes. Head and thorax jiiiikish grey ; abdomen pinkish grey speckled with

brown ; tlie crests lilackish ; the basal segment wjiitisli, t.iie second black-brown.

One S from the Nilgiris, S. India.

:i-. Tephroclystia semicaesia sp. uov.

Foicirinyf : dnll purplish grey for basal two-thirds, except a ]>ale brownish

ochreous streak from base below median vein extending into the base of cell ;

inner edge of central fascia angled at the median vein ; outer edge curved, from

two-tliirds of costa to twn-thirds of inner margin, bluntly bent below costa : the

fascia itself crossed by several darker slightly waved lines and containing a dark

t-ellsjwt, succeeded by a broad \^a^<i band with an oclireous central line ; marginal

area pale brown, becoming jmrplish grey beyond the pale waved submarginal line,

with a paler (iblii|ue streak towards ajjex : marginal line black, interrupted })y

l)ale vein-dots, which are more developed towards apex ; fringe ])nrj)lish grey with

a pale basal line.

llindwirniH : wholly purplish grey, witii a dark cellsjxit and traces of pale

antemedian, pnstmedian, and submarginal lines.

Underside dull purplisli grey, with all the markings indistinct : the postmediaa

band paler. Head and abdomen grey ; patagia ochreons.

Expanse of wings : 23 mm.

One i from Beyrout, Syria.

I cannot refer this insect to any known si)ecies.

8uBFA5riLY HYDRIOMBNINAE.

Paralygris gen. nov.

A joint development of Diactinia and Li/<jris ; superficially the typical sjjecies

is marvellously like 1>. <leh'cta : but the forewings of the S have a long jiencil

of yellowish white hairs along the subiuedian vein beneatli, which is wanting in

the species of Diactinia, and in addition tlie antennae of the S are shortly and

stoutly bipectinated, whereby the genus is at once separated from Lygris. The

neuration does not vary ; the areole of forewings is double ; the discocel hilar of

the liindwings oblique and the radial from its centre.

Type : Paialijipix i-ontortK sp. nov.

:i:!. Paralygris contorta s]i. nov.

K(tMi-(imn ilclrcta Leach, Aim. Muy. -V. //. l.S'.iT. ji. •">•)•") (iiei: l>utler).

Foreu-inqs : dark brown ; the lines creamy wliite ; first line from one-fourth

of costa to near middle of inner margin, bluntly rounded in cell and slender :

two antemedian lines close together, the outer one broader and rising from one-third

of costa, the inner from below costa, both running obliquely to the submedian fold

at middle of wing, where they are joined by a tine line which, rising from one-third

of inner margin, crosses the tirst line and follows the submedian fold ; a similar

double line from two-thirds of costa — the outer arm in this case rising below it —

bent inwards, and lunulate below middle to inner margin before anal angle,

absorbing the otlier tliree lines on the submedian fold, and emitting a sharj) tooth

( 111 )

inwarJs ou veins 1 and :! ; ii, limulate submargiaal line before apex, interrupted

iind approximated to outer double line below middle : a broader sinuous line

from apex to anal augle and an interrupted marginal line, swollen at veins 3 and 4 :

till' last three lines are all interrupted below tiie middle by tlie broad jia.le brown

veins ; extreme liindmargin dark brown ; fringe brown, varied with paler, and

with a whitish sjx)t beyond vein 4.

Ilituliriiigg : with the ground colour ereamy white ; a large grey-brown cell-

spot : the inner margin at base greyish brown ; tliree sinuated postmcdian brown

lines, the ontertuost the broadest ; two submarghial lines, the first narrow, the

second formi'd of brown lunnles ; the paler brown marginal area with a small

i)bli(pie white streak at ai)ex, and two white marginal spots between veins 3 and 4 :

marginal line blackish bniwn : fringe brownish.

Underside moi'e ochreons, with the markings all rcpr.jdui'.eil, and in some cases

darker and more concise : cellspot of forewings blackish, obliipie, touching the

tirst double line. Head, thorax, and abdomen whitish ochrcous ; the patagia and

imter side of palpi brown ; forelegs brown, sp:)tted with ochrcous.

Expanse of wings : 40 mm.

One (J, one ?, marked simjily " China."

Subfamily DEILINIINAE.

34. Chloroctenis similis Warr., Xov. Zool. V. p. 42.

Tlie 6 of ('. similis, which 1 liave now seen, has, as was anticipated, pectinated

antennae: and the hind-tibiae are like those of Aplocklova, not thickened, with

two pairs of fine sliarp spurs. The S is sliglitly smaller than tlie ? , -4 mm.

instead of 2() mm.

3."i. Heterostegane semifasciata sp. nov.

I'ori'iriiiijs : pale sti'aw-culour, witli fine brown speckles : first line obliipiely

curved, at one-fonrtli ; second from two-thirds of costa to middle of inner margin,

sinuous, marked above middle only by brown spots on the veins, below middle

defined by a broad brown fascia reaching to submarginal line, its outer edge being

continued to the costa before apex, forming a bidentate mark beyond cell and

another below costa ; submarginal line itself ill-defined, and followed by a few

brown clouds : marginal spots brown : fringe straw-colour.

Hiudtciiiys : similar.

Underside wholly straw-colour, mottled witli dull lirownisli. Head, tliorax,

and abdomen straw-colour.

Expanse of wings : 3>i mm.

One J from Kayeli. l>uru, March ISUT (Doherty).

The single specimen has unfortnnately been exposed to mould and wear, and

the basal area of forewings and marginal area of hindwings are rendered therel)y

obscure. The antennae are armed with very short and fine fascicles of cilia.

Subfamily ASCOTINAE.

:'><i. Alois nigricuneata sp. nov.

roreiriiigx : gri'y, tinged with rufous, and finely striated witii black ; the

losta with lilack strigulations ; the lines black, starting from Idack costal sjiots ;

( 11^ )

first, af iH)i»-lbuitli, sluii'iily angled on subcostal vein, then oblique to one-fifth of

inner margin ; second at middle, angled outwards in cell, then oblique, crossing

tlie linear Mack cellmarlc, and irregularly crenulate to inner margin close bej-ond

first iJLir : third at thri-c-funrtlis, at first bidentate inwards, then acutely angled

outwards (ni vein 'i, thence oblique to vein 2, inrming points outwards on veins,

and still more oblii[ue to middle of inner margin ; submarginal line j)ale, acutely

dentate, the teeth filled up with black at costa, beyond cell, and on submediau fold,

and outwardly margined with black, pointing towards, and in places joining the

black marginal spots : hindmargin waved ; fringe concolorous.

Uiii(liring» : the same, the first line forming a black basal spot ; the cellspot

oval, black-edged with pale centre ; the postmedian line followed by a red shade,

which is less distinct, though present, in the forewings.

Underside pale greyish ochrcous in hindwings, suffused with dark fuscous in

the forewings ; the apex remaining pale within a blackish shade ; casta ochreous

yellow, with black striae ; cellspot and outer line marked in both wings. Head,

thorax, and antennae ochreous grey, dusted with blackish ; collar white ; abdomen

pale grey, with black segmental marks on dorsum.

Expanse of wings : 44 mm.

One i from Loeboe Hajah, W. Sumatra, April — May 1897 (Ericsson).

Veins 10 and 11 of forewings coincident.

37. Ateloptila confusa sp. nov.

Forewinga : dull grey, suffused with smoky fuscous and with numerous trans-

verse fuscous strigae: the markings confused and obscure; first line at about one-

third, dark fuscous, obliquely curved outwards to median vein, then inwardly to

submediau. below which it is again oblique outwards; a diffuse median shade;

second Hue from three-fifths of costa to two-thirds of inner margin, nearly vertical,

sinuous and crenulate ; submarginal line formed by dark lunulate blotches between

the veins parallel and near to hindmargin; marginal black spots; cellspot black;

fringe concolorous.

Iliiulwings : similar, the markings darker and more diffuse.

Underside smoky fuscous; cellsjwts black; costa of forewing dull ochreous,

marked with blackisli spots. Head, thorax, and abdomen like wings; face dark

browu.

Expanse of wings : 44 mm.

One J from Cedar Bay, Cooktown, North Queensland (Meek).

This insect agrees well witli tiie diagnosis of Ateloptila Meyr., both in the

absence of a fovea and in the nenration, but it seems to me that 11 rises out of 12,

10 anastomosing with 11 and afterwards touching 9. Both wings are elongate, the

hindwings with hindmarnin crenulate.

:is. Chogada perlepidaria s]i. nov.

Forewings : pearly grey, speckled and suffused with lilac-brown; first line

curved from near one-third of costa to near base of inner margin, preceded b}-

a rufous shade; second line from two-thirds of costa to two-thirds of inner margin,

sinuate outwards beyond cell and on submediau fold, followed by a rufous shade:

median line rufons, strongly zigzag, touching the dull whitish cell blotch; all 'i

lines ^tart from reddish costal spots; submarginal line strongly and acutely dentate,

1

C 113 )

tlie teetli filled np with rnfous; a dark marginal line, swollen into spots between the

veins; fringe silver)' white, marked with dark beyond veins.

Uindivings: similar, but the median shade thick and straight; a dark spot at

base; the shade be3'ond outer line chocolate brown and connected by a spur with

the apex.

Underside greyish ochreous, tlie margins darker; cellspot of forewings large

and black; fringe white, che(|nered with dark. Thorax and abdomen grey, the latter

with dark segmental rings; shoulders tinged with rufons; face fuscous, paler above.

E.xpanse of wings : 3('> mm.

One S from Geraldtoii, near Cairns, Queensland (Meek).

It is i)ossible that this insect may be (luent'e's cxesnria described from a ? ;

but in several points it does not agree with the description.

39. Duliophyle agitata ah. diluta nov.

Ground colour pale olive ochreoiis, washed with oehraceous, without any fuscous

brown suffusion, so that all the lines and strigae are clear and distinct, the two dark

Innnles before and beyond the snbmarginal line beyond the cell alone conspicuous;

there is therefore no trace of a paler fascia or blotch, as in the type form, beyond

the discal spot.

Underside similarly entirely |)alo yellowish ochreous, not fuscous brown.

Expanse of wings : 72 mm.

One S marked simply Japan: it is not therefore certain whether the insect

represents an accidental paler and larger form, or a local difference.

4IJ. Ectropidia fimbripedata sp. nov.

Forewinf/s : whitisli, jieppered witli dark grey; the lines dark, marked by

black dots on veins, and thickened on costa; first at one-third, angled in cell, and

incurved below towards base, preceded by a similar, but less distinct line; outer line

at two-thirds, parallel in the main to hindmargin, irregularly deutate-lunnlate;

median liue not so well defined, oblique outwards from middle of costa to near outer

line, then crenulate and running dose to outer line throughout, the space between

being whiter than the rest of the wing; hindmarginal third more densely grey-

speckled, witli an acutely dentate submargiual line, internally black-edged, and

between veins :5 and 5 preceded by a blackish blotch and followed by a paler space;

marginal spots and cellspot distinct, black; fringe i)aler, with distinct blackish

mottling beyond veins.

Ilindu-iiigs : with base pale; a thick diffuse blackish antemedian, an angled

and partly dentate median line, joining antemedian on inner margin, enclosing the

black cellspot; submarginal line as in forewings, but preceded on costa and inner

margin by large blackish clouds, tbe area beyond it paler.

Underside of forewings pearly whitish: marginal area dull blackish; cellspot

on outer line black; a diffuse median shade joining outer line on vein 2.

Hindwings glistening whitish, thickly clotiied with long hairy scales; fringes

whitish. Head, thorax, and abdomen whitish, speckled with grey; second and third

segments of abdomen dark: fringes of inner margin and of hind-tibiae wliitish.

Expanse of wings : 30 mm.

One (? from Gunong Ijau, Terak, 2n00— 3U(i(J feet, March 1808 (Butler).

Near thriropliora Hmpsn. from Ceylon.

8

( 114 )

41. Myrioblephara pustulata sji. iiov.

Foretoi)it/.t : nitons grey, tiiu'ly dusted witli diirkor ; the lines dark risiug IVoiu

dark costal spots ; first before one-third, curved ; onter at two-thirds, parallel to hiud-

margiu, irregularly crenulate, and toothed inwards at the veins : median line lieut

round cell and approximated below to outer line : submarginal line indistinct, witli

darker shades on each side ; cellspot large, cloudy ; marginal spots small.

JUiuhviuqs : with straight antemedian and snbdentate median, dark lines : sub-

marginal line indistinct, but preceded towards anal angle by a blackish line.

Underside pearly whitish, with the lines and cellspots blackish ; marginal third

dull blackish. Head, thorax, and abdomen rufous grey ; abdomen below whitish.

Expanse of wings : 26 mm.

One i from Government Hill, Peuang, Umii) feet, May 1898 (Curtis).

In this species the basal area between the median and submedian veins of fore-

wing is much puckered and distorted, containing a rugose depression nearest base,

and a raised pustule below one-third of cell ; the submedian fold and vein being both

thickened and curved downwards ; the first median vein rises within the pustule at

one-third of cell.

42. Ophthalmodes fasciata >\i- nov.

Foreiriiiiia : pale whitisli yreen, with slight Ijlack dusting ; the usual dentate

lines rendered blurred and indistinct by a blackish suffusion ; first line forming

a vertical shade at one-fourth ; space between median and exterior line wholly filled

in with smoky blackish, extending l)e3oud exterior line, with the edge similarly

dentate ; submarginal line ibstiuct, dentate, followed by a smoky black shade, and

preceded by a concise black dentate line ; cellspot oval, of the ground colour, edged

with black ; marginal spots black.

Jliiif/iciiiffs : similar, without basal line ; cellspot as iu forewiugs, but included

in the darker fascia between the two lines, which is less dense than in the forewiugs.

Underside whitish green, with the markings blurred grey : viz., the cellspots,

a median shade, a bent onter shade, and abroad marginal border, separated from the

outer shade by a narrow bent band of ground colour. Head, thorax, and abdomen

pale green : the abdomen with two rows of dorsal black spots ; face with two lilack

spots

Expanse of wings : 00 mm.

One ? from Waterfall Valley, Penang, June— July 1898 ((Inrtis). Perhajis a

local form of the Javan claraviii Wlk., but the underside is different.

Xenosina gen. nov.

Foreivings : triangular : costa straight, arched only at apex, which is slightly

prominent ; hindmargin obli(iuely curved.

Hindwings : with apex and hindmargin rounded.

Antennae of 6 plumose; palpi long, porrect, densely haired ; forehead rounded,

protuberant ; tongue and frenulum present ; hind-tibiae thickened, with four spurs.

yeuratioH : forewiugs, cell half as long as wing, discocellular vertical ; lirst

median just beyond middle, second at seven-eighths ; radials normal ; veins 7, n, 0,

stalked from close before end of cell ; 10 nearer base ; 1 1 out of 12 ; 10 anastomoses

C ll.> )

with 1 1 and agaiu at a poiut 0UI3' witli s aud '.) ; hiudwings ; costal approximated to

subcostal at middle of cell : (J and 7 from upper angle or 7 slightly before it ;

medians as in forewing ; no radial. Forewinu- with distinct fovea.

Type : Xcrwsina detrita sp. nov.

Allied to the Medasina group, though much smaller than the average species.

The type spncies superficially resembles Ectt-n/jiK.

43. Xenosina detrita sj). uov.

Forewitigs : jiale brownish or pinkish grey, freckled with black scales ; traces

of a dark line at one-third and an outer line at two-thirds ; submarginal line

denticulate, preceded by black marks beyond cell and between veins 2 and :! : cell-

spot and marginal spots black ; fringe concolorous.

Hhulwiiiys : with traces of central and submarginal lines ; cellspot and

marginal spots as in forewiugs.

Underside jialer, freckled with fuscous ; without markings except the discal and

marginal spots. Head, thorax, and abdomen concolorous with wings.

Expanse of wings : 20 mm.

One c? from Strathfield, N.S. Wales (Kerslake).

The type is worn, and the descri])tion above given is necessarily somewiiat

deficient.

Subfamily 8EMI0THISINAE.

44. Azata tenuilinea sp. nov.

Forewhifis : fiesh-colonred grey, sjieckled with black and reddish ochraceous ;

costa ochraceous with black striae : lii-st line very indistinct, marked by a black spot

at costa ; median shade waved, consisting of black lunnles between the veins more

or less snrronnded with ochraceous, the central area through whicli it runs iron grey

aud lustrous ; outer line fine and concise, nearly straight from two-thirds of costa to

five-sixths of iimer margin, placed in the middle of a pale pure ochreous baud ; snb-

mai'ginal line jjreceded from anal angle to vein (i by a row of black contiguous

wedge-shai>ed blotches, the two beyond cell larger and approaching hindmargin ;

apical space pale ochreous ; anal area lustrous grey ; a marginal row of black

Innules ; fringe grey, with ochraceous base ; cellspot dark, within the median

line.

Hindwhigs -. with central line as in forewiugs ; outer line pale, dentate, marked

slightly with ochraceous, and with black dashes on veins ; submarginal only distinct

towards anal angle; l)lack marginal linuiles enlarged from apex to vein 4, thence

obsolete.

Underside ochreous almost covered with I'onfluent dark grey striae : the pale

band containing the outer line and the apical blotch alone remaining cleai- ; costa

yellowish with black striae. Head, thorax, and abdomen like wings ; the face.

shoulders, and dorsum much sprinkled with reddish.

Expanse of wings : 2(.i mm.

One c^ from Waterfall Valley, Tenang, March— April 1898 ((Jurtis).

Antennae short, subserrate, and finely ciliated ; the hindmargin of botli wings

crennlate throughout; a very distinct species.

IHi )

SuniAMiiv KNNOMINAE.

4r>. Hyposidra leucomela ah. nigrata uov.

Of three specimens of hiicnmela AVlk., collected by "\V. Dohorty in February

and March 180S in Basilaii. tlic two ^ r? agvot' almost entirely with typical specimens

from the Philippines, but in tlie ? the whiti- markings are much restricted.

In the forewings four out of the five white markings are much narrower, while

the basal mark on the inner margin is qnite obsolete : similarly in the hindwing the

onter fascia is narrower, and the broad basal fascia altogether absent.

The ? is smaller than the average? 'i—Cil mm. instead of 65 mm. ; the 6 S

are of the usual size.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE.

Vol. VII. AUGUST, 1900. No. 2.

NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OE AMERICAN DBEFANV-

LIDAE, TEYBIDIDAE, ETITLEMIBAE AND

GEOMETRIBAE.

By W. warren, M.A., F.B.S.

Family DREPANULIDAE.

1. Platypteryx obtruncata sp. uov.

Forewings : rnfons ochreous, dappled with darker rufons and fine grey scales ;

the veins finely pale ochreous ; an irregular angular-edged rufous fascia from below

costa before middle to one-third of inner margin, broadest in cell ; a fine pale

ochreous snbmarginal line from the costal elbow, angled outwards above vein 6,

then nearly straight to three-fourths of inner margin, the costal area in front of it

thickly dappled with dark grey, the portion below the angle preceded by very fine

grey scaling between the ochreous veins ; a row of black snbmarginal spots

between the veins ; apex pale ochreous along costa, dusted with grey specks below ;

fringe red-brown.

Hindicings : with the pale postmedian line nearly straight, at three-fifths ; the

basal area grey between the veins ; costal area ochreous ; marginal area dark

ochreous, grey-sjseckled, paler towards apex ; in it beyond the jjostmedian line are

two large oval hyaline blotches between veins 4 and 6 ; fringe red-brown, with a

paler line at base beyond a row of marginal dark spots.

Underside of forewiugs ochreous, coarsely mottled with reddish fuscous and

black ; the inner margin paler, without speckles : outer straight line marked in

reddish fuscous ; the snbmarginal spots black, the extreme apex vinous ; hiudwings

speckled only along costa and hindmargin, with two broad diffuse purplish fuscous

fasciae, one postmedian, the other snbmarginal. Thorax rufous ochreous, like

ground-colour of wings.

Expanse of wings : 44 mm.

One ¥ from Bahia (Feld. Coll.).

The costa of forewings is strongly elbowed at two-thirds, the apex triangularly

produced. Both head and abdomen on this specimen are substitutes ; the head is

evidently that of a ? Pyralid.

Family rilYRTDID^E.

2. Aziba substrigata sp. nov.

Foreivi/iffS : glossy, pale pinkish ochreous, thickly freckled with brown-black

atoms, which become larger and irregularly confluent towards inner margin, and

form indeterminate oblique streaks parallel to hindmargin ; a more distinctly edged

9

( 118 )

darker streak from middle of iuner margiu, bent and obsoletely forked ou vein 2,

and disajipearing at vein C, above which are two black-lirown dots, the npper close

to vein 8 the larger, and connected by a gre3'-brown streak with the apex ; costal

area broadly cream-colour for fonr-fifths from base, beyond which the streak

becomes narrower and cheqnered with pinkish ochreoas ; two submarginal curved

rows of brown spots ; fringe deeper pink.

llinchvings : deeper ochreons, strongly speckled with brown, and with three

brown fasciae, distinct only on the inner half of wing, the innermost broadest and

partially double.

Underside paler : the markings of the hindwings black-brown and reticulated ;

on the forewings confined to the base and inner margin as far as vein 2 only. Face

and vertex deep brown ; palpi and antennae black ; thorax and abdomen like wings,

the latter with brown segmental rings ; legs pale ochreons, underlined with black ;

the spurs black.

Expanse of wings : 5G mm.

One ¥ from Costa Kica.

Allied to Aziha falcata Feld. (= serpula Guen.) ; distinguished by the much

paler, more flesh-coloured tint, less defined markings, and, in particular, by the

absence of the white discal spot of hindwings. The hiudmargin of forewings is

more olilique and less bulged.

Pagenstecher {Iris v. p. 90) mentions an examjile most probably of this species,

also a ? , from Massanari on the Amazons, in the Staudiugcr Collection, which he

refers as a probable variety to folcata.

3. Hypolampnis parisignata sj). nov.

Extremely like S>/7npI)le})S ochracea Pag., from Java, N. Guinea, etc., but

rather paler and smaller ; the wings narrower ; instead of the white cell-spot, two

small black dots with a few black scales round them, on both wings above, whitish

surrounded with black scales below ; the small black marginal dots on both wings

absent : the costa of forewings slightly darker ; in all other respects the markings

agree. Though thus superficially resembling the species of S>/mp/ileps, in parisignata,

however, instead of veins 8, 9, 10 of the forewings being stalked together as in

Si/mphleps, only 8 and 9 are stalked, and 10 rises from the cell as in IL/polampnts.

Expanse of wings : 22 mm.

One cJ one ? from Onoribo, (Surinam, Feb. and March 1803 (C. W. Ellacombe).

4. Iza multifasciata sp. nov.

Fo7-em'?iffS : creamy white, crossed throughout by numerous pale ochreons

fasciae, running obliquely, parallel to hiudmargin, all becoming darker and more

definite below the median vein, those beyond the middle between vein 4 and the

submedian fold shading into grey and forming an irregular triangular blotch ; costal

and submarginal areas ])aler than the rest of the wing ; marginal area more

ochraceous and with slight ferruginous speckles : fringe ochreons.

lUndivings: with six more defined dark fasciae, leaving more distinct whitish

fasciae between them ; apex of both wings slenderly pale before fringes.

Underside the same, the dark markings more mixed with grey. Head, ])alpi,

and shoulders brown ; thorax and abdomen mixed ochreons and white.

E.xpanse of wings : 24 mm.

( 119 )

One c? from Cachabi, Ecuador, low conntry, Dec. 189G (Roi9enberg).

The antennae are short, thick, and lamellate ; the insect bears a slight

resemblance saperficially to a large Addaea striola Feld.

5. Iza rosenbergi sp. nov.

Forewings : ochreons, the costal area above subcostal vein and the whole of

the wing below the median vein and vein 4 snffused with rosy grey, which to a

great extent hides the markings ; the cell area only remaining ochreous with bright

fulvous reticulations. A fulvous patch at base ; a fulvous fascia at one-third, 'angled

in cell, a smaller one in middle, and a broad one before apex, curved outwards

below costa, then running to anal angle, where it is lost in a dull dark cloud ; the

apical area beyond it pale ochreous with grey streaks ; fringe pale ochreous, becoming

darker round anal angle.

Hiiuhoings : ochreous suffused with rosy fulvous, the base and a central curved

fascia darker ; submarginal fascia, as in forewings, cutting off a pale apical space to

middle of margin, then marginal.

Underside ochreous with ferruginous spots and reticulations, the outer fascia

iu forewings, and the outer and central in hiudwings alone distinct ; forewings with

brown cell-spot. Face and palpi dark brown ; collar golden ferruginous ; thorax

and abdomen ochreous much mixed with brown.

Expanse of wings : 38 mm.

One ? from Paramba, Ecuador, May 1S97, dry season, 3500 ft. (Rosenberg).

Forewings with costa straight, but shouldered at base ; apex rectangular,

blunt ; hindmargin in upper half nearly vertical, then strongly curved. Hiudwings

with anal angle rounded off ; apical angle bluntly rounded ; hindmargin evenly

curved ; palpi smooth, long, porrect, third joint as long as second.

Named in honour of the collector.

6. Iza rufigrisea sp. nov.

Forewings : dull brick-red, crossed by dense crinkled purplish grey lines, which

leave only the costal area before and beyond the middle and a space below the end

of cell, of the ground-colour ; the grey lines, which are thickest near base, beyond

cell, and along the hindmargin, embrace between them rows of pale annuli between

the veins ; these annuli are all more or less suffused with grey, but are sometimes

tinged with reddish ; at the base of veins 4, .5, and G, 7 are two darker spots ;

costa marked with pairs of grey lines ; fringe grey tinged with rufous.

Hindwings: with the coloration reversed, the area about anal angle being dull

red, and the costal and apical areas overrun with the grey lines.

Underside similar, but clearer; the annuli paler. Head (worn), rufous grey;

thorax and patagia dark jjurple-grey ; abdomen wanting ; palpi long, upcurved,

second joint purple-grey, terminal joint rufous.

Expanse of wings : 20 mm.

One c? from Palma Sola, Venezuela.

Stenocopsis geu. nov.

Agrees in structure and ueuration with Mathoris Wlk., veins 9, lu of forewings

being stalked, but ditfers entirely in shajje of wings. These, instead of being broad,

with rounded, even margins, are narrow and elongated.

( 120 )

Forewings : with costa straight, becoming convex jnst before apex, which is

slight!)- prodnced ; liiudmargin obliijue and sintions.

Jlindiciiigs : with apes acntely prodnced, hindmargin distinctly concave from

apex to vein 2, thence straight to anal angle ; inner margin short. Palpi short,

porrect ; antennae thick.

Type : Stenocopsis albiapicata sp. nov.

7. Stenocopsis albiapicata sp. nov.

Forewings : ochreous bone-colour, slightly black-speckled, with the markings

dull fulvous : costal area and inner margin below snbmedian vein dull fulvous ;

a narrow baud at one-fourth, a second before middle, a broader oblique funnel-

shaped mark beyond middle, and a narrow sinuous submarginal band all fiilvons ;

a small oval white spot at apex with a minute black dot in the middle ; from the

outside of this spot a fine black line runs before the margin, the extreme hindmargin

being left pale ; marginal line itself blackish and thick, interrupted above anal

angle be3'0nd a paler blotch ; fringe ochreous, broadly chequered with black beyond

the vein ends, but wholly ochreous above anal angle.

Ilindwings : partially suffused with dark grey ; with traces of three i)arallel

diffuse bands, one near base, of black scales, a sinuous brownish one in middle, and

a finer more obscure submarginal shade ; marginal line thick, black from apex to

vein 2 ; fringe as in forewings to vein 2, thence to anal angle wholly ochreous.

Underside the same, the markings rather plainer. Head, thorax, and abdomen

ochreous.

Expanse of wings : 17 mm.

One ? from Caicara, Orinoco, April 1898 (Cherrie).

8. Striglina nifitibia.

Orthogramma riijitihki Feld Reise Nov. PI. 117, fig. 2.

Strigli)ia rujitibia Guen. Ann. S. E. Fr. 1877, p. 286.

„ „ Pag. Iris. V. 1892, p. 43.

A c? from Ourem, near Para, dated February 2nd, 1894, evidently belongs to

this species, of which a fuller description than Guen^e's is here appended.

Forewings : greenish ochreous, with numerous curved rufous strigae ; traces

of an inner line oblique from one-fourth of inner margin ; cell-spot formed of a few

white scales surrounded with rufous ; the oblique outer line aj)pears to be angled

below costa, the whole marginal sjiace beyond being darker rufous ; fringe rather

deeper.

Hindwings : with a broad straight rnfous shade before middle, followed by a

series of irregularly crenulate and interrupted rufous lines ; the whole wing paler,

like the basal part of forewings.

Underside of forewings deep reddish fulvous with darker striae, of hindwings

dull orange with lines of rufous striae. Face, ujjper surface of palpi, and vertex

dark brown ; thorax and abdomen like wings ; lateral edge of shoulders, underside

of i^alpi, and legs vermilion ; the forelegs externally dark fuscous. Antennae

(of cJ) subserrate and strongly ciliated.

The ?, of which I have seen an example from British Guiana, is much larger

(.56 mm.) and redder, with the markings and cell-spots better defined.

( 121 )

9. Zeuzerodes argentistriata sp. nov.

Foreivings : pale wood-colonr, slightly reddish tinged ; costa and hindmargia

paler, passing into ochreons ; these latter areas with coarse black atoms ; the daller

redder portion with obscnre and irregnlar blackish striae ; the dark markings

forming an oblique cloud from be3-ond middle of inner margin to beyond cell ; an

apical spot with black centre ; fringe with basal half darker than apical half, which

is chequered with black scales.

Hindwings : with the reticulations and markings much blacker, forming a

central blackish baud angled externally ; apical area dark ; a slight rufous streak

along hindmargin between the middle and anal lobes.

Underside of forewings with the subcostal and submedian areas dull reddish ;

the costal and hiudmargins ochreons, all alike speckled with black, the ajncal

spot whitish ; all the veins beyond cell finely marked with silvery scales ; hindwings

as above. Head, thorax, and abdomen like wings ; face below pale ochreons with a

black bar in middle ; shoulders and front of thorax brown-black ; anal segments of

abdomen with brown-black dorsal and lateral lines.

Expanse of wings : 30 mm.

One ? from Ciadad Bolivar, Venezuela, November 1898 (S. Klages).

The hindwings in this ? may be called three-lobed : the apex forming a blunt

prominence, the hindmargin below middle being produced into a broad almost

angular tooth, and the inner margin which is quite short forming a smaller lobe ;

the hindmargin between the middle projection and apex being concave and crenulate.

Whether these ? ? of Zeuzerodes with more or less sinuous hindwings have in

all cases c?<? with straight hiudmargins does not seem as yet by any means certain.

In the Proceedings of the Zoological Society for 1897, p. 631, a figure with the

venation of Meskea dijsjjteraria Grote is given by Sir G. Hampson ; from this it is

evident that my suggestion in Nov. Zool. IV., p. 410, as regards the identity of

Pagenstecher's genus Zeuzerodes aud Grote's Meskea, was wrong, and the two

genera must be kept separate.

Family EPIPLEMIDAE.

Antiplecta gen. nov.

Forewings : shaped as in Dirades Wlk.

Hindivings : with hindmargin bluntly bent at veins 0 and 7, without any

tooth ; the costa strongly convex, without emargination or tufts of hair.

Palpi shortly jsorrect, jiointed. Antennae flattened, lamellate.

JSeuration : forewings much as in Dirades ; but vein 11 anastomoses with 12 ;

veins 6 and 7 are short-stalked, and 5 rises nearly from centre of discocellnlar.

In hindwings the costal is strongly curved away from subcostal from base, 0 and 7

from top angle of cell ; the median and all its branches hidden beneath the fold ;

the wing is folded over beneath with a tuft of hair on the under surface.

Type : Antiplecta jnisilla sp. nov.

10. Antiplecta pusilla sp. nov.

Forewings : greyish brown ; the costa darker ; basal two-thirds, as far as outer

line, darker than marginal area beyond ; outer line strongly outcnrved above middle,

incurved to vem 2, then vertical to inner margin ; inner line very obscure, at

( l-'2 )

one-third, bluntly inangnlated in midwing ; a row of small black snbmarginal dots

between the veins ; fringe glossy, beyond a brown marginal line.

Ilinclwings : with onter line ferrngiuons, enrved from middle of costa to the

the margin of fold, three-fourths from base, and there much dilated ; the fold grey,

with a black spot at one-third from base ; a brown marginal line with a black dot

at end of vein 4.

Underside speckled, cinereous ; the tuft in fold blackish. Thorax and abdomen

like wings ; vertex white ; face and palpi brown-black.

Expanse of wings : 10 mm.

One <S from Dominica, June 1S97.

Coeluromima gen. nov.

Like Coelura Warr., but distingnished by the antennae. In Coelura these are

uniserrate in both sexes. In the present genus the antennae of the ? arc simple,

those of the c? shortly bipectinated.

Type : C. subfasciata sp. nov.

11. Coeluromima subfasciata sp. nov.

Foreicings : ochreous grey, striated and in parts washed with leaden grey

and ochreous ; two dark brown oblique lines from inner margin at one-fourth and

two-thirds, the former edged inwardly, the latter outwardly with pale, the one

running to the difluse cell-spot and there angled and retracted obscurely to costa,

the other acutely angled shortly before apes ; costa obscurely spotted with blackish ;

a narrow blackish streak along hindmargin ; fringe dark grey.

Tlindwinys : with faint antemedian and more distinct postmedian dark line,

the latter followed by a dark band ; area round anal angle with blackish streaks.

Underside ochreous whitish, unspeckled, except towards hindmargin, which is

marked with black strigae ; a broad snbmarginal blackish fascia, often irregular.

Face and palpi dark brown ; thorax and abdomen like wings.

Expanse of wings :^ 30 mm.

One ?, one 6 from Chimbo, Ecuador, 1000 ft., August 1897 (Rosenberg).

The S is much more clouded with grey than the ? , but this is probably not

always the case.

12. Dirades infans sp. nov.

Forewings : lilac-grey, dusted with darker ; central fascia darker, tinged with

brownish, and edged by thick dark brown lines ; first well curved at one-third ;

second from three-fourths of costa to four-fifths of inner margin, oblique outwards

to vein 6, then vertical to below vein 4, then incurved to submedian fold and again

oblique outwards to margin ; this eelge is slightly creuulate, and margined by a

tine pale lino ; marginal area with a dark cloud at costa and a more conspicuous

one at anal angle ; a snbmarginal row of minute dark dots ; fringe brownish grey ;

veins across central fascia partially pale.

Hindioings : similar, both the lines curved : marginal area silvery grey, with

a brown line before fringe, containing a black spot witli a whitish dash before

lower tooth.

Underside brownish grey. Head, thorax, and abdomen grey ; the abdomen

with a dark patch on dorsum in middle and a d.irk band before anal segment.

( 123 )

Expanse of wings : 1 3 mm.

One ? from Newcastle, Jamaica, September 1893.

Inner margin of forewings sinuate, convex in basal, concave in outer half ;

hindwings with a distinct tooth at vein 4, and slighter ones at G and 7. In

forewings vein 11 anastomoses with 12.

13. Epiplema nifula sp. nov.

Forewings : greyish brown or rnfous brown, irregularly speckled with darker ;

two diffnse dark brown lines, limiting a central fascia, which is deeper colonred

than the rest of the wing ; the first from one-third of costa to one-third of inner

margin, inbent on the median vein, the second from two-thirds of costa to middle

of inner margin, somewhat bent outwards on median vein ; traces of a snbmarginal

line, forming two dark brown spots beyond cell.

Hindwings : with an indistinct dark brown central fascia, edged by darker lines.

Underside rufous ochreous, without markings. Head, thorax, and abdomen

concolorous with wings ; face and palpi brown-black.

Expanse of wings : 26 mm.

Two ? ¥ from Paramba, Ecuador, January to May 1897.

Forewings falcate, the apex acute ; a blnntly rounded projection bej-ond vein 3,

below which the hiudmargin is straight and oblique, above it concave. Hindwings

with slight blunt tooth at vein 4, and a more acute one at vein 7.

Neither of the two examples is in perfect condition ; there appears to be

a dark basal patch on the forewings, edged by a deep brown line.

14. Leuconotha subfumida sp. nov.

Forewings : smoky white, with the costa and all the veins brown ; fringe

whitish.

Him/wings : the same, but the veins hardly marked ; costal area whiter.

Underside similar ; the hindwings paler.

Thorax and abdomen like wings ; face and vertex white ; collar yellow.

Expanse of wings : 24 mm.

One c? from Palma Sola, Venezuela.

15. Psamathia subangulata sp. nov.

Differs from P. placidaria Wlk., in having the hindmargin of forewings with

a very distinct angle at vein 4, and the apex acutely produced and shortly subfalcate,

instead of, as in typical Psamathia, having the margin straight from apex to

anal angle.

Forewings : uniform pale lilac-grey, thickly rippled with brown-black, especially

towards the hindmargin ; a small coal-black sjjot at middle of base ; first line at

one-third, angled and with a dark brown spot a* the subcostal vein, then nearly

straight and very slender to inner margin at one-third ; second at two-thirds,

oblique and slightly sinuous outwards to vein 4, then strongly incurved and vertical

to inner margin beyond two-thirds, geminated in its lower half ; a dark blotch

towards hiudmargin between veins G and 7.

Hindwings : with an acutely angled outer line, dark brown and double from

costa to the angle, slender and indistinct below ; a thick brown marginal shade from

apex to the tooth, which contains a large chocolate-brown spot.

( 124 )

Uuderside paler, witliont speckling. Vertex, thorax and abdomen coueolorons ;

face, palpi, and antennal pectinations dark brown ; fringes worn.

Expanse of wings : 30 rum.

One iS from St. Vincent, March 18i»: (Dr. P. Reudall).

1>>. Syngria(?) cinerea sp. uov.

Foreirinz/s : dark ashy trrey, with dense black speckling : traces of diflfnse black

shades near base, before middle, and at two-thirds, this last more distinct, angled

outwards in middle, then concave to near before anal angle ; costa marked with

narrow black spots ; veins towards hindmargin finely paler ; fringe brownish grey.

Ilindwinfis : with some black scales near base, and diffuse central and snb-

marginal shades : inner marginal area paler grey ; the veins pale ochreoas ; fringe

brownish, beyond a pale marginal line, which towards anal angle is preceded by

black marginal dots.

Uuderside dnll brownish cinereous, faintly mottled with darker ; forewings

with a snbmargiual, hindwings with a submarginal and marginal obscurely marked

darker fascia. Head, thorax, and abdomen cinereous : face and palpi brown.

Expanse of wings : 28 mm.

One ? from Palma Sola, Venezuela.

Family GEoMETlillJAE.

Subfamily OENOC'HROMINAE.

IT. Leptoctenista subrufa sp. uov.

Foretoings : olive-brown with a reddish tinge, thickly strigalated with darker ;

the extreme hindmargin simply rnfins ; an obscure dark cell-spot, and two dark

costal marks, one at three-fonrths, the other shortly before apex, the latter indicating

the beginning of an obscure dark dentate snbmargiual line, which on the veins below

the costa is followed by three or four pearly grey wedge-shaped streaks ; fringe

rufous.

Ilindivincjs : with the outer half darker ; traces of a curved central paler line,

marked with black dashes on the veins, and a fainter .submarginal line ; costal

area pink.

Underside uniform coppery red, with dark cell-spots, that in the hindwings

larger and more conspicuous. Face, palpi, antennae, and vertex deep red ; thorax

and abdomen like wings.

Expanse of wings : 44 mm.

Two ? ? from Cachabi, Ecuador, low cnuntry, January 189" (Rosenberg).

Subfamily MECOC 'ERATIXAE.

18. Hyphedyle albimacula sp. nov.

Foretoings : rufons grey in the basal half, becoming altogether deep dull red in

the outer third of the wing ; the costal area olive-ochreous with darker striatious ;

a faint dark cell-spot ; beyond it a large tadpole-shaped snow-white blotch, the tail

pointing towards the costa ; fringe dull red.

Ilinrlwhigs : with the marginal area more narrowly red, the fringe paler.

Underside redder ; inner marginal area of forewings pale and lilurred ; some

( 125 )

pearly grey scales in the red before the hiadmargiu ; hindwiugs more mottled,

the inner as well as the enter margin with grey scales. Head, thorax, and

abdomen grey.

Expanse of wings : 36 mm.

One S from Paramba, Ecuador, April 1897, dry season : 3500' (Rosenberg).

Much like rubedinaria Wlk., but distinguished by the white blotch.

None of the veins of forewiugs are distorted.

Subfamily CYLLOPODINAE.

19. Atyria? mamillifera sp. nov.

Foreivings : shaped as in ^1. isis, and with the band abbreviated as in the

aberration ops Druce ; but the costal projection mamillate, and rounded below

vein 3, instead of being diffusely pointed.

Hindioings : with the black border not narrowed, as in ops, but of equal width

with typical isis.

Underside the same. Head and abdomen as in isis.

Expanse of wings : 41 mm.

One ? from Cachabi, Ecuador, low country, January ls07 (Rosenberg).

20. Cyllopoda attenuata sp. nov.

Like C. claudicula Dalm. and dichroa Perty, but very much smaller ; the

oblique yellow fascia much narrower and with straighter edges. In the hind-

wings the black streak that separates the two yellow portions is narrowed and

wedge-shaped towards the hindmargin which it sometimes does not reach.

Expanse of wiugs : 26-28 mm.

Two 4 S from Sao Paulo.

21. Cyllopoda nanipennis sp. nov.

Foreicim/s: dark brown-black, slightly powdered with paler scales ; an

elongated semi-oval yellow blotch from base to near anal angle, lying between the

submedian vein and the median ; a narrow oval blotch from below costa at three-

fifths to before hindmargin above the anal angle, vein 3 marked across it with black

scales which are thickened basewards.

Ilindivings : with a small curved yellow blotch towards apex, and a narrower

dark-sufiused one above anal angle.

Underside the same ; the forewings browner, the hindwings shot with bine.

Head, thorax, and abdomen like wings ; top of face with a yellow bar : pectus, legs,

and undersurface of abdomen yellowish, with some fuscous scales intermixed.

Expanse of wiugs : 30 mm.

One 4 from Rio C'achiaco, and another from Sarayaco.

Distinguished from C. matutina Wlk., which it most resembles, by the small

size of the hindwings ; the pectinations of the antennae are short.

Cyphopora gen. nov.

Foreivings : with costa curved and towards apex strongly convex : apex and

hindmargin rounded.

Hindicings : with both angles and the hindmargin rounded.

( 12'i )

Antennae of ? !<hortly pectinated ; palpi porrect, reaching well in front of face,

the second joint hairy, the third slender, as long as second ; tongue and frenulnm

present.

Xeuration : forewings, cell three-fifths of wing ; discocellular biangnlated,

vertical above and again shortly below, obliqne between ; median vein bent upwards

towards end ; first median nervnle at five-eighths, second at seven-eighths ; lower

radial from lower angle of discocellular, and therefore not far above third median,

strongly curved at origin ; upper radial straight from upper angle of cell ; 7, 8, '•>,

10, stalked ; 11 anastomosing for some distance with 12 ; hindwings, with 6 and 7

short stalked ; the medians and radial as in forewings ; costal closely ajiproximated

to subcostal near base, but apparently not connected by any bar.

Scaling sparse ; wings semihyaline.

Type C'jphopora ch.ihia sp. nov.

Notwithstanding the anomalous nenration, I shall refer this genus for the

present to the geometrid subfamily C'jllopodinae.

22. Cyphopora dubia sp. nov.

Forewings : hyaline white, with the veins dark grey ; costal area narrowly dark

grey ; hindmargin more broadly grey, the dark area thinning out to a point above

anal angle ; a faint grey cloud from three-fourths of inner margin to vein 2.

Hindwings : with narrower grey hindmargin, ending, as in forewings, before

anal angle.

Underside as above ; the costa of hindwings also greyish ; retinaculum ( ? ), a

small round patch of grey scales. Face, palpi, and legs blackish, speckled with

white : thorax whitish ; vertex, shoulders, and base of patagia yellowish ; abdomen

grey ; anal segment, especially beneath, bright orange.

Expanse of wings : 35 mm.

One ? from Paramba, Ecuador, April 1897, dry season, 3.300 ft. (Rosenberg).

23. Darna marginata sp. nov.

Forewings : pale yellow, with the base, the costa narrowly, and the hindmargin

broadly black, the latter narrowing off to a point at anal angle.

Hindwings : witli hindmargin black from apex to anal angle.

Underside like upper. Head, thorax, and abdomen black.

Expanse of wings : 35-38 mm.

Two ? ? from Cucuta, Venezuela.

Hadesina gen. nov.

Forewings : costa nearly straight ; apex blunt ; hindmargin obliquely curved.

Hindwings : with both angles and hindmargin rounded.

Antennae (?) shortly pectinated ; palpi?

^'euratiOH : forewings, cell only one-third of wing ; discocellular obli(pie ; first

median nervnle close before end of cell, second and third stalked ; radials near

together from centre of discocellular ; 10, 7, 8, 0, stalked ; 11 free ; hindwings, cell

below reaching beyond half of wing ; discocellular twice bent, elongate ; first median

at three-fourths, second and third stalked ; radial from lower angle of discocellular :

6 and 7 long stalked ; costal well separated from subcostal.

Wings hyaline.

Type Hadesina lindiaria sp. nov.

( 127 )

24. Hadesiua limbaria sp. uov.

Forewings : hyaline, with the veins black ; costal, hind, and inner margins

black ; a small black blotch at one-third of costa embracing the discal sisot ; a Inroad

black oblique band from two-thirds of costa to hindmargin above anal angle.

Ilimlwinys : with costal and hindmargins black ; the veins black ; a blackish

clond towards base along snbmedian fold.

Underside like upper. Head, thorax, and abdomen all black.

E.xpanse of wings : .39 mm.

Two ? ? from Chimbo, Ecuador, 1000 ft., August 1897 (Rosenberg).

Macroueiu'odes gen. nov.

Forewings : with costa slightly curved throughout ; apex blunt ; hindmargin

curved.

Iliiidwings : with apes rounded ; hindmargin slightly bent at veins 3 and 1 b ;

the true iunermargin short.

Antennae of S pectinated for four-fifths ; palpi laxly haired, upcurved in front

of face; tongue and frenulum well-developed ; hindtibiae with 2 jjairs of short

stout spurs.

Neuration : forewings ; cell reduced, about one-sixth of wing ; discocellular

concave in middle, shortly oblique above and below ; median vein much thickened

and sinuate, curved downwards beyond cell ; the first median nervule rising just

before middle of wing, second and third separating at two-thirds ; the two radials

from the ends of the concavity of the discocellular, both thickened for nearly one-

third of their length, and forming a strong ridge on the undersurface ; the wing-

membrane beyond cell between the subcostal and median veins bladdery and

distorted ; subcostal vein swollen and sinuate like the median, but curved upwards

beyond cell ; 10, 7, 8, 9, stalked from before upper angle, 7 running near and jiarallel

to the upper radial ; 11 from near base ; submedian fold, approximated to median

vein, and like it thickened and subsiuuate in the basal half.

Ilnxhcings: discocellular with short upper and lower arms, the upper vertical,

the lower oblique, and with the long central portion running parallel to subcostal ;

costal divergent from subcostal ; veins 3, 4, and 6, 7 stalked ; vein 2 at five-sixths.

Type : M. alhimacula sp. uov.

25. Macroneurodes albimacula sp. nov.

Forewings : white in basal half, smoky Ijlack beyond ; costal area above

subcostal vein, exceirt a basal streak, and inner margin below submedian vein,

smoky blackish ; the veins slightly marked with black, the submedian fold strongly

and thickly blackened ; the edge of the apical black portion starts from the costal

streak at two-fifths and runs obliquely towards anal angle, forming a sharp tooth

basewards at the separation of veins 3 and 4 ; in the apical portion is an oblique

elongate white blotch reaching from below costa to vein 4 ; fringe smoky black.

Hindicings : white, with the costa narrowly, the apex and hindmargin broadly,

smoky blackish, the tint apparently running up along the inner margin also ; in the

black border at the apex is a large oval white spot : fringe smoky black ; the veins

finely dark.

( 128 )

Underside the same : face white ; palpi, thorax, aud abdomeu blackish mixed

with white ; shoulders yellow ; le<,'s black and white.

Expanse of wings : 3S mm.

One (J from Bogota, Colombia.

20. Momonipta? semilugens sp. uov.

Forewinqs : dnll smoky black ; at one-third of costa a white fasciaform blotch

begins qnite narrow, widens ont to below the median vein, aud occnpies the second

third of inner margin ; two white oval snbapical spots, separated by vein 7 ; a

faint pale oval space bej-ond cell ; fringe black.

Hindicings : white, with a broad smoky black border from two-thirds of costa

to two-thirds of inner margin, narrowest at the middle of the wing.

Underside similar. Face, legs, and underside of abdomen bluish white ; palpi,

head, thorax, and abdomen smoky black.

Expanse of wings : 26 mm.

Two (?cJ from R. Tanampaya, Bolivia, 1504 (Garlepp).

27. Phaeochlaena basalis sp. nov.

Forewings : black, towards the base somewhat hyaline ; a pale hyaline streak

from base beneath median vein to just before origin of first median nervule : two

shining white spots beyond the middle, placed obliquely aud nearly touching, the

npper, above the median, twice as large as the lower, which is placed between

veins 2 and 3 ; two slight white dashes on veins 5 and 6 towards hindmargin :

fringe black.

Ilindwings : black, with a hyaline whitish central streak from base to two-

thirds of wing, lying mainly below median vein, but partly extending along the cell.

Underside the same. Face and palpi black above, white at sides ; thorax and

abdomen cinereous ; base of shoulders broadly orange

Expanse of wings : 35 mm.

One ? from San Pedro Sula, Honduras.

28. Phaeoclilaena nubilosa sp. nov.

Forewings : dnll greyish brown, all the veins finely yellow ; a pale whitish

patch at base of cell, a slighter one beyond cell and a small yellow spot before apex

at the origin of veins 7, &, 0 ; fringe concolorous.

Hindicings : whitish, with a broad hindmarginal black border, scarcely reaching

the anal angle ; costal border narrow.

Underside paler brown ; the veins not yellow : no subapical pale spot in fore-

wings. Face, vertex, and jialpi yellow ; shoulders ochreous aud fuscous ; patagia

orange edged with fuscous ; thorax ochreous ; abdomeu cinereous.

Expanse of wings : 30 mm.

One (? from Chimbo, Ecuador, July l.sl»7, lOnii ft. (Rosenberg).

20. Scaea caesiopicta sp. nov.

Forewings : basal two-thirds orange ; costal edge and inner margin to sub-

median vein deep purple-black ; the veins and folds black ; marginal third blue-

grey, shading into blue-green in certain lights, separated from the orange area by a

( 129 )

sinnons velvety black shade from two-thirds of costa to before anal angle ; fringe

blue-grey.

Hvuhvings : with the inner marginal half greyish bine, the costal half smoky

pnrplish black ; the veins black ; the fringe bine-grey.

Underside like upper, bnt the dark tints all paler ; veins of the yellow area of

forewing not black ; costal edge only finely black ; the dark shade between the

tints diffuse and broad. Head and thorax brownish cinereous ; abdomen bluish

grey ; abdomen beneath and legs brownish grey.

Expanse of wings : .52 mm.

One ? from between R Songo and R. Snapi, Bolivia, llUO m., March to

June (Garlepp).

30. Scaea discinota sp. nov.

Forewings : with basal half orange, the veins and costa narrowly, the inner

margin broadly black ; outer half dark pnrplish grey, with a vertical black bar

limiting the orange half; fringe coucolorous with outer half.

IJi/id/rinffs : with more than the basal half orange ; hindmargin purplish black,

starting from three-fifths of costa, curved outwards and much narrowed to anal

angle, touching a black spot on upper arm of discocellular ; costa very narrowly,

inner margin more broadly black ; veins finely black.

Underside similar ; the veins less broadly black. Head, thorax, and abdomen

black.

Expanse of wings : 48 mm.

One ? from Pedregosa, Merida, 3000 m., October 1897 (Briceno).

31. Tanaostyla conjunctiva sp. nov.

Forewings: hyaline whitish, the veins and folds smoky black; costal area above

the subcostal vein and inner margin below the submedian black ; apex and hind-

margin more broadly black ; an oblique pure white blotch beyond the cell from

below costa to vein 3, its inner edge fairly straight, its outer somewhat rounded and

lobed between the veins ; the median vein, the two lower median uervules, and the

discocellular more thickly black than the other.

Hindwings : similar ; the costal and hindmargins diffusely black.

Underside like upper. Head, thorax, and abdomen smoky cinereous ; abdomen

below whitish.

Expanse of wings : <S 37 mm. ; ? 47 mm.

One c?, one ? , from Bogota.

Differs from typical Tanaosti/la in having in both sexes veins 6 and 7 of hind-

wings coincident throughout, not stalked and furcate.

32. Tithraustes impleta sp. nov.

Forewings : smoky hyaline ; all the veins thickly and coarsely black ; costal

and inner margins black, above the subcostal and below the submedian veins

respectively ; ajjical third black, containing in it beyond cell a flattened oval pure

white blotch ; the space immediately beyond cell between veins 6 and 7 and the

marginal end of that between veins 2 and 3 is also clothed with white scales.

Hindwings : with veins black ; the costal, hind, and inner margins black ;

( 130 )

marginal ends of spaces above and below vein 5 whitish ; the fork between veins

3 and 4 on both wings is filled np with black scales.

Underside like upper. Face and palpi black; cheeks white; thorax and abdomen

cinereous ; an orange spot on side of each shoulder in front ; abdomen beneath pale.

Expanse of wings : 4U mm.

One ? from Colombia.

33. Tithraustes moerens sp. uov. and ab. coudensata uov.

Foj-eivings : smoky blackish, the basal area semihyaline, with the veins black ;

a large irregularl)- oblong white blotch beyond cell, and a smaller round one at anal

angle ; two small white spots before hindmargin beyond cell.

Hindwings : with the hindmargin broadly black ; the veins black ; a white

blotch beyond cell, with a fainter one below it.

Underside similar ; the hindwings with a whitish streak on submedian fold and

at base of cell. Face whitish, with the centre vertically grey ; palpi externally

blackish ; thorax and abdomen blackish ; base of patagia yellow ; underside of

abdomen white.

Expanse of wiug.s : c? 35 mm. ; ? 37 mm.

One (?, one ?, from Cachabi, Ecuador, low country, Jan. 7th, 1S97 (Rosenberg)

Three <? J, two ? ? from Paramba, dated Blay 1SU7, dry season, are much more

suffused with smoky, all the white blotches being reduced in size ; to this aberration

the name condensata may by given.

34. Tithraustes picata sp. nov. and ab. intersecta nov.

c? Foretvings : white ; costal, inner, and hindmargins narrowly blackish : an

oblique blackish streak from middle of costa, including the discoeellnlar, along vein

3 to the hindmargin above aual angle ; vein 2 thickened towards the margin and

connected with 3 by a transverse streak ; apical area black, with two, sometimes

three, oval white spots ; the veins and folds often black.

Ilindwinqs : with costal and hindmargins black and all the veins black.

Underside duller. Face, palpi, and vertex white ; thorax blackish ; base of

patagia yellow ; abdomen blackish above, white beneath.

? with the white spaces purplish hyaline, the large postmedian blotch alone

whiter and larger ; the two apical spots much reduced.

Expanse of wings : 30-35 mm.

Many of both sexes from Cachabi, Ecuador, low country, January 1897

(Rosenberg), also one S from above Chimbo, August 1807 (Rosenberg).

ab. intersecta uov. One ? has the large white blotch much reduced, the black

from the apical area encroaching upon it, and the veins across it blackish, so that it

forms a narrow quadrilobate fascia ; the two apical spots, on the contrary, are as

large and as white as in the tj 6-

Subfamily DYSPHANIINAE.

Xanthoxena gen. uov.

Foretvinqs: with costa uniformly curved; apex rounded: hindmargin strongly

curved, more oblique below; aual angle distinct.

Ilindivings : with hindmargin well-rounded and faintly protuberant in middle;

anal ansrle rectangular.

( 131 )

Antennae ( ? ) well pectinated; palpi slender, short, porrect; frenulum apparently

absent.

Neuration : forewings ; cell not half as long as wing ; discocellular oblique ;

first median nervnle at two-thirds, second and third stalked; lower radial from near

the top end of discocellular; upper radial stalked with the 5 subcostals; 11 anasto-

mosing for a considerable distance with 12 ; hindwiugs with costal only shortly

approximated to subcostal; 3, 4, and 0, 7, stalked; radial from near top end of

discocellular.

Type: Xanthoxena imitans sp. nov.

The type species, except that the wings are shorter and broader, strongly

resembles those of the genus Smieropus in the Cijllopodinae. But, coloration apart,

there really seems to be no affinity between them. I cannot detect any trace of

a bar between costal and subcostal of hindwiugs, nor of a frenulum; and as the

neuration is identical with that of the subfamilies Dysphaniinae and Geometrinae, I

see nothing for it but to refer it to the former, incongruous as its position may

appear. The pectination of the ¥ antennae in these subfamilies is nothing unusual.

It may be placed next the Papuan genus D>jsschema, Warr., with which in fact it

has several points in common.

35. Xanthoxena imitans sp. nov.

Foreioings : bright yellow; fringe and hindmargin black, more broadly at apex;

costa diffusely black, the black narrowing at base and l)eyond middle.

Ilind/ciiujs : bright yellow, with black margin from before apex, where it starts

narrow, to anal angle, where it is broadest.

Underside the same. Head, thorax, and abdomen all yellow; antennae and

tips of jialpi black; body beneath and legs yellow; the tarsi fuscous grey.

Expanse of wings : 32 mm.

Two ? ? from Cachabi, Ecuador, low countr}-, January 1897 (Rosenberg).

; Subfamily GEOMETEINAE.

30. Aplodes pallida sp. nov.

Forewings: jjale A-ellowish green, without any markings; costa white, tinged

with red at base.

Hindwings : paler; fringes of both wings concolorous.

Underside similar. Face and palpi ochreous green; thorax and abdomen

green; vertex and shaft of antennae white.

Expanse of wings : 14 mm.

One cJ from the island of Bonaire, July 1892 (E. Hartertj.

37. Auophylla ambusta sp. nov.

Forewings: deep green; costal area above subcostal vein yellowish ochreous,

speckled with brown; a pale ochreous unspeckled cell-spot touching it just before

the middle, which reaches only half across the cell; marginal area yellowish ochreous,

filled with brown striae, which in places are confluent; the inner edge of this

marginal border is sinuous, forming two outward curves, one l)Ctwcen veins G and

7, the other between veins 2 and 4: the edge itself is ochreous, unspeckled; a small

brown blotch before apex; fringe dark brown.

( 132 )

lliiul icings: without eell-mavk; the marginal border starts from two-thirds of

costa and forms a sinns between veins 2 and 4, and another on submedian fold,

rnnuino- m inner margin for one-fourth; a brown-black sliade runs from apex to

ana] an<'le, strongly marked at apex; brown striae as in forewings; fringe brown.

Underside vellow-green; costa of forewings tinged with reddish; a black-brown

marginal streak from anal angle towards apex; a black-browii apical spot on

hindwincs. Head, thorax, and abdomen greenish; abdomen with black-brown crests.

Expanse of wings : 26 mm.

One <S from Palma Sola, Venezuela, 1890 (Whyman) ; near to A. sarptaria

Moeschl., bnt that has yellow fringes.

38. Auophylla invasata al). pernipta uov.

Differs from the type form in the lower portion of the pale marginal border of

forewiug being much narrower, the green of the central area reaching to two-thirds

of inner margin and becoming confluent with the apical area, the pale streak from

the costa reaching only as far as the median vein. All else as in the type.

Three ? ? from Palma Sola, Venezuela, where also the type form occurs.

It may be noticed that this species does not agree with the type of the genus

in neuration, 6, 7, 8,0, 10, 11 being all stalked together, 11 anastomosing, some-

times more strongly than at others, with 12, and lU rising after 7; veins 3 and 4

are short-stalked in both wings.

Dichorda gen. nov.

Foreivings: broad; costa slightly curved; hindmargin curved, more obliquely

below.

Hindwings : broad; hindmargin rounded; innermargin long; anal angle sijnare.

Antennae of 6 with delicate pectinations to three-fourths: i)alpi porrect, rough-

haired, terminal joint short; frenuhun extremely fine.

Neuration : forewings, cell less than half the length of wing; discocellular

concave, more oblique below; first median nervule at three-fourths, second shortly

before third; lower radial from above middle of discocellular, upper from the

deflexed end of cell; 7, lii, S, 0, stalked from close before end; 11 anastomosing with

12; hindwings, costal apjjroximated to subcostal near base only; G and 7 hardly

stalked; medians as in forewings.

Type: Dichorda iridaria Guen. {Geometra).

39. Dichorda allineata sp. nov.

Forewings: greyish green, with two whitish lines, the first very fine and

indistinct, slightly waved, at one-third, the second, faintly curved, from apes to two-

thirds of inner margin; cell-spot small but distinct, black; fringe concolorons.

Hindwings : with a straight white median line and black cell-spot.

Underside mealy whitish green, with the cell-spots black. Thorax and abdomen

green; vertex white; antennae ochreous; face whitish green; palpi speckled with

fuscous.

Expanse of wings : 22 mm.

One cJ from Pabna Sola, Venezuela.

( 133 )

Forewings with costa curved; apex slightly produced; hindmargin faintly

sinuons; hindwings triangular with inncrmargin very long; hindmargin nearly

straight till towards anal angle, then curved; scaling fine; the scales pale with

dark tips, arranged so that they form numerous pale and dark green transverse

wrinkled lines.

Dnicia gen. nov.

Forewings: with costa slightly curved; apex produced; hindmargin oblique,

hardly curved, slightly indented above anal angle which is well-marked.

Hindwings : with ajiex rounded and anal angle rectangular; a decided tooth

at vein 4, the hindmargin sinuate above, straight below to anal angle.

Antennae pectinated in both sexes; palpi porrect, the terminal joint slender,

much longer in ? than in i; tongue and frenulum present; abdomen with tufts of

red scales.

Neuration : forewings, cell half as long as wing ; discocellnlar vertical above,

strongly concave below; first median at two-thirds, second close to third; lower

radial from the bend in discocellnlar, upper from top angle of cell; veins 10, 7, 8, 9,

stalked from the angle; 11 free, osculating or anastomosing with 12; hindwings,

discocellnlar with lower half oblique; veins 0, 7, and 3, 4 stalked.

Type : Drucia delpkinata sp. nov.

Rackeospila asmura Druce also belongs here.

The genus agrees both in structure and shape of wings with Progonodes Warr.,

but the scaling and markings are quite dissimilar.

40. Drucia delphinata sp. nov.

Forewings : green ; the costa pale ochreous with brown freckles ; cell-spot

black; a horseshoe-shaped mark on hindmargin from apex to vein 4, cream-colonr

washed with flesh pink, edged with red-brown, with red-brown specks in it, and with

a faint shade across middle; a similar smaller blotch before anal angle, narrowed to

hindmargin ; marginal line red-brown, darker brown and forming triangles beyond

the subapical blotch; fringe cream-colour chequered with pink.

Hindwings : with a large oblong blotch at apex reaching to the tooth at

middle; a square blotch at anal angle, narrowing above at middle of inner margin,

then swelling into a semi-oval shape to near base; no cell-spot.

Underside pale sea-green, with the blotches showing dull white. Head, palpi,

and antennae dull red; thorax green; abdomen ochreous, with reddish dorsal crests.

Expanse of wings : 28 mm.

One c? from Sao Paulo. Allied to D. asmura Druce {Rackeospila) from

Panama.

41. Gelasma hemithearia sp. nov.

Forewings : dull grey-green, or olive-green ; the lines slightly paler, the teeth

marked by whitish points on the veins ; first from one-fourth of costa to one-third

of inner margin, angled outwards in cell and on submedian fold, followed by a

deeper green tinge ; the second from three-fourtiis of costa to three-fourths of inner

margin, incurved beyond cell and on submedian fold, projecting on veins 3 and 4,

preceded by deeper green ; costa ochraceous, with purplish speckles ; cell-spot

10

( 13-1 )

obscure, diffuse, deeper greea ; marginal line iiui-jjlisU, iiitenapted by ])alo spots at

the ends of the veins ; fringe whitish, broadly chequered with purplish grey spots

beyond veins.

Hinclwings : without first line.

Underside greenish white ; the forewings more or less suffused witli ochraceous,

the costa broadly ochraceous ; marginal sjiots purplish ; cell-spots in the ? some-

what rufous tinged. Face and palpi reddish brown above ; vertex white ; thorax

and abdomen greenish ; the abdomen dorsally marked with reddish grey scales.

Expanse of wings : c? 19 mm. ; ? 25 mm.

One c? from Santos ; one ? from Sao Paulo ; the c? yellower green, the ?

greyer. Neuration : forewings, cell less than one-half of wing ; first median close

before end, second and third loug-stalked ; lower radial from above centre of

discocellular ; upper stalked with 7, 8, 9, 10, from upper angle ; 11 close before end,

anastomosing with 12. Hindwings : with 3, 4, and 0, T stalked.

Except for the S antennae, the sjiecies might easily be mistaken for a

Hemitliea.

42. Hydata malina.

Aplodes malina Butler Tr. E. S. 1881, p. 33U. <S.

In a ? from Paramba which answers well to the original description of this

insect, the palpi are very slender and porrect, the third joint twice the length of the

second ; the antennae are laterally flattened with thick close clavate teeth, the shaft

white, the teeth themselves ochreous. The neuration is the same as in suhfenestraria

Wlk. = safisfacta Wlk. — the type of the genus Ilijdata. The chief characteristics

of this genus are the anastomosis of the costal and subcostal of hindwings, exactly

as in the Ih/driomeniiiae and in many African genera of Gcometririae ; veins (5 and 7

are on a very long stalk, separating only a little before the; hindmargin. In the

forewings vein 11 becomes coincident with 12.

43. lodis (?) longipalpis sp. nov.

Forewings : dull sea-green ; the costa ochraceous, marked with purplish flecks ;

the lines marked merely by white dots on the veins ; first at one-third, second at

two-thirds, outcurved be)-ond cell ; cell-spot whitish, obscure ; a dark purplish

marginal line, interrupted by white dots at the end of the veins ; fringe green (?).

Hindwings : similar, bnt without first line, and the cell-spot more conspicuous.

Underside uniform whitish green, in the forewings faintly rosy tinged. Face

and palpi red-brown ; vertex whitish ; thorax and abdomen green.

Expanse of wings : 23 mm.

One ? from Palma Sola, VenezAiela.

Remarkable for the very long pal])i, even for a ? .

In the absence of a cJ, I have queried the genus. The ? shows no trace of a

frenulum.

Lissochlora gen. nov.

Forewings : triangular ; costa nearly straight, curved before apex ; apex pro-

minent ; hindmargin oblique, but little curved.

Hindwings : kite-shaped, both angles well marked ; hindmargin hardly curved,

with a very faint elbow in middle.

( 135 )

Antennae of S bipectinate, of ? simple ; palpi porrect, long ; second joint

squamose, third as long as second, smooth, spatulate ; tongue and frenulum present.

Neuration : forewings, cell two-fifths of wing ; discocellular oblique below ;

first median at two-thirds, second at nine-tenths ; lower radial from upper two-

thirds, upper from top of discocellular ; 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked, 11 free ; 10 rising close

to origin of8,;0. Hindwiugs with costal approximated to subcostal for a perceptible

distance ; 6 and 7 stalked.

Type : Lissochlorajlavijimbria Warr. {Aplodes).

Aplodes nortia of Drnce probably belongs here.

44. Lissochlora incognita sp. uov.

Forewings : apple-green ; costa white, tinged with red at base ; an outer curved

line at two-thirds, indicated merely by white dashes on the veins ; fringe yellowish,

the basal half deeper than the apical ; a pink spot at the apex of wing.

Hindwings : with a minute dark cell-dot, and some reddish scales at base of

fringe.

Underside more whitish green, the outer line appearing as a dark green shade ;

costa of forewings yellowish. Face pale ochreous, fillet and antennae white; vertex

and thorax green ; abdomeu ochreous.

Expanse of wings : 30 mm.

One ? from the Felder collection, without locality, but almost certainly from

S. America.

45. Microloxia dilucida sp. nov.

Forewitigs : pale green, thinly scaled ; costal edge white ; two oblique white

lines, first from two-fifths of costa to one-third of inner margin, acutely angled on

the subcostal vein ; second from close before apex to four-fifths of inner margin ;

fringe white ; cell-sj)ot absent.

Hindwings : with the two lines and fringe white.

Underside pale green, the lines showing through ; forewings yellowish green

towards costa, the base of which is tinged with reddish. Face green above, whitish

below ; palpi pale, externally tinged with reddish ; fillet and antennae white ; vertex,

thorax, and basal half of abdomen green; terminal half of abdomen whitish.

Expanse of wings : 17 mm.

One (? from S. Paulo.

As the five species of Microloxia from >S. America at present described bear

considerable superficial resemblance to each other, a tabular arrangement is here

given for their discrimination : —

A. outer line of forewings curved : fringillata Schaus.

B. both lines straight and parallel.

a. face green : dilucida Warr.

b. face reddish.

a', forewing with red apical spot : apicata Warr.

b'. forewing without red apical spot : bistriata Warr.

C. first line oblique outwards : moUissima Uogn.

( 136 )

46. Microloxia apicata sp. no v.

Forewinqs : bright apple-green ; costal streak, two obliqne straight transverse

lines, veins towards hindmargin, and fringe white ; basal half of fringe ivory-white;

a small brownish cell-spot and a brown-red spot at apex in the fringe ; first line

from two-fifths of costa to one-third of inner margin ; outer line near margin.

Ilindicings : with the two lines and fringe white.

Underside shining greenish white, the lines showing through; costal half of

forewings yellowish green ; costal fringe white ; costa at base brown-red ; apical

fringe brown-red. Face and palpi deep bright red ; palpi below and two spots on

lower half of face whitish ; fillet, upper part of face, and antenna; snow-white ;

vertex and thorax green ; abdomen discoloured, probably greenish white.

Expanse of wings : 20 mm.

One 4 from Nova Friborgo, Brazil.

Closely allied to M. bistriata Warr., from S. Paulo.

47. Oospila concinna sp. nov.

Differs from 0. alhicoma Feld. in the following points : the apical and anal

blotches arc not separate, but united by a pale space along the marginal line ;

the anal blotch does not reach to the lower radial and is more rounded, having no

angular projection towards the apical blotch ; the edges of the blotches and the

striae within them are dull purple. In the hindwings the oval blotch on inner

margin is reduced to a mere shallow streak, and the course of the subcostal vein

is marked by silvery white scales as well as the upper part of the discocellular ; the

hindmargin is somewhat abruptly elbowed at vein 6; thorax purplish grey ; patagia

green with the tips violet.

Expanse of wings : 50 mm.

Nine Si, one ? from Merida, November 1898, April 1899 (Briceno).

48. Oospila congener sp. nov.

Forewings : semi-transparent sea-green, with purple-grey markings : viz. au

oblique cell-patch, and apical and anal blotches ; the apical blotch rises finely from

ajiex and swells out between veins 7 and 4, as in 0. hjalimi, AVarr.

Hindwings : with a sinuous apical blotch and a rounded one at anal angle ; a

purplish grey spot at lower end of cell, and a white raised spot at top of dis-

cocellular ; the fringe in both wings is entirely wanting.

Underside uniform opaline.

Face worn, apparently pale green with purplish scales at top ; palpi and

forelegs whitish, with dark external scales ; vertex and shaft of antennae white ;

antennal pectinations ochrcous ; collar, shoulders, and base of patagia green ; rest

of patagia, thorax, and base of abdomen purple-grey; abdomen green with five

purple-grey metallic dorsal crests; anal tuft pale.

Expanse of wings : 32 mm.

One S from Rio Demcrara, British Guiana, July 1897.

Differs from 0. hyalina in having the markings purple-grey instead of red-

brown ; and from violacea Warr. in the markings of the hindwings.

( 137 )

Racheolopha gen. nov.

In liis genns Racheospila Gnenee included species having white red- edged spots

on the dorsum and those bearing crests of scales. The majority of his species belong

to the first of these groups, and in these the antennae of the ? ? are simple. la

his description of R. aggravaria, made from a ? , he remarks on the pectination

of the antennae, and suggests that it maj' form an exception in the genus. The

abdomen of this species he makes to have three white crests. Of the only other

species described by him as possessing crests, Micctdaria, he knew the S only ;

the ? has, like aggravaria, pectinated antennae. For these species I propose the

name Racheolopha, with miccularia as type. The two species described by me

(Nov. ZooL. IV. pp. 430 431) as Racheospila jaspklata (?) and rosipara {S)

having crested abdomens {jaspidata having pectinated antennae as well) should be

transferred to Racheolopha. The cell is shorter than in Racheospila ; veins 3, 4

of forewings are shortly stalked, and the upper radial generally stalked with

10, 7, 8, 9.

49. Racheolopha flavicincta sp. nov.

Forewings : pale green ; tlie costa towards base reddish ochreous ; a small

black cell-spot ; on the hindmargin below, apex extending from above vein 7 to

below vein 4 is a large horseshoe-shaped red-brown blotch edged with yellow ;

marginal line and fringe rufous, the line slightly swollen at anal angle.

Hindwings: with a jjear-shaped apical red-brown blotch extending to vein 4,

and a semi-elliptical one at base of inner margin, both edged with yellow ; cell-spot

and fringe as in forewings.

Underside whitish green with the apical blotches showing through detached

from the margin. Head and antennae red ; thorax green ; abdomen above greenish

speckled with red, with five red crests of hair, the first three also with metallic

scales.

Expanse of wings : 30 mm.

One ? from Palma Sola, Venezuela.

Antennae of ¥ pectinated ; hindmargin of hindwings bent at veins 4 and G,

straight between.

50. Racheolopha similiplaga sp. nov.

? Foreivings : apple-green, with a small black cell-spot ; a brown marginal

line, swelling ont into a small brown blotch beyond cell and a larger one at anal

angle, both edged with yellow ; fringe pale, chequered with brown.

Hindwings: with a red-brown semicircnlar blotch at apex and a smaller

triangular one at anal angle ; a red-brown marginal line ; fringe as in forewings ;

cell-spot obsolete.

Underside pale glossy green, with the large brown patches showing through.

Palpi greenish, with apex reddish ; face dull red ; vertex and thorax green ;

abdomen ochreous, vnih. red-brown metallic dorsal crests.

c? with no marginal blotch iu forewings opposite the cell and none in hindwings

at anal angle ; cell-spot of hindwings minute.

Expanse of wings : 26 mm.

One ? from N. Friborgo ; one <? without locality.

In the forewings vein 11 is stalked with 0, 10, 7, 8, 9.

( 138 )

51. Racheospila alboseriata sp. nov.

Forewings : delicate greeu, semi-trausparent ; costa finely white, with a rod

streak beneath it near base; inner and outer lines represented by white dashes on

the veins ; fringe white with a slight red line at base ; cell-spot red-brown.

Iliiidicings : the same.

Underside whitish green ; costal area of forewiugs deeper green ; the costa

itself rather broadly reddish at base. Face red-browu, mixed with white below ;

paljii red-brown above, whitish underneath ; vertex and shaft of antennae snow-

white ; collar red ; shoulders and patagia green ; abdomen ochreous white, tinged

with green, especially towards base ; dorsum with three white red-edged blotches.

Expanse of wings : 30 mm.

Five examples, including both sexes, from Merida, Venezuela (Briceno).

A more delicate insect than R. albociliaria H. S.

52. Racheospila isolata sp. nov.

Foreu'ings : pale semi-transparent green with a bluish tinge ; costa narrowly

white with a red-brown streak at base ; a small red-brown cell-spot, and rod-brown

marginal line, running round along costa for a short distance, swelling out into a

horseshoe-shaped spot between veins 4 and 5, and into a shallow blotch at anal

angle ; fringe white, chequered witli red-brown ; very faint antemedian and post-

median denticulated white lines.

Ilindwings : similar, with a shallow blotch at apex also.

Underside pale silvery green. Face, palpi, and collar reddish ; vertex and

thorax green ; abdomen ochreous dusted with reddish, with red-edged white dorsal

spots.

Expanse of wings : 20 mm.

Two ? ? from New Grenada.

The antennae are not pectinated, but serrate. In the forewings the first median

rises at four-fifths, the second and tliird are short-stalked : veins T, 8, 9 rise mnch

further than usual, S and 9 separating quite close to costa.

53. Racheospila parvipuncta sp. uov.

Forewings : very pale green, the costa whitish ; two fine pale lines ; the first

before one-third, bent on the median vein ; the second beyond two-thirds, slightly

curved outwards in upper half, denticulate on the veins; cell-spot minute, ferruginous;

fringe yellowish.

Ilindwings : the same, without first line.

Underside pale whitish green. Vertex and thorax pale green ; abdomen

whiter with slight red dorsal spots ; face and paljii abuve and externally dull red.

Expanse of wings : 28 mm.

Two ? ? from Kio Demerara, East Coast.

Like R. carbina Druce, from Mexico, but smaller.

54. Racheospila purpureotincta sp. nov.

Forewings : semi-transparent delicate green ; the lines marked by violet dashes

on the veins, the lines themselves faintly darker green, lunulate ; first at one-third,

slightly curved ; second at about two-thirds, excnrved round cell, incurved below

( 139 )

the median and approaching first line on inner margin ; both linos with the costal

and inner marginal spots blurred violet, the intermediate dashes each concisely-

tipped with white ; cell-spot large and blurred, with a deeper violet centre ; costa

at base violet ; a very fine violet marginal line ; fringe white with faint violet dots

beyond veins.

Hindtvings : without first line.

Underside pale green, slightly yellowish tinged ; costa and cell-spot of fore-

wings dull violet. Face and palpi white beneath, brown above ; vertex white ;

thorax and abdomen green, abdomen with snow-white dorsal spots.

Expanse of wings : i 24 mm. ; ? 30 mm.

Two Jc? 1 ? from Palma Sola, Venezuela. Also 1 cJ from Paramba, Ecuador.

55. Racheospila remota sp. nov.

Of the same size and shape as R. dcntilinea Warr., but the fringe yellowish

green, without red basal line or brown flecks ; the exterior white line forther from

the hindmargin, straighter and scarcely crenulate, not denticulate, the inner line

also white ; no trace of olive shading ; the cell-spots of both wings black.

One 6 from Azahar de Carthago, Costa Rica, 5000 to 6000 ft. (Underwood).

56. Racheospila rufiguttata sp. nov.

Foreivings : yellowish green, the costa finely white, tinged at base with red-

brown ; the two lines marked by rather large brownish red sjwts, those on costa,

subcostal vein, and vein 7 forming a small blotch ; cell-spot large, brown-red ;

marginal line finely red, interrupted at the vein-ends ; fringe yellowish white.

Hindwings : without first line of spots.

Underside whitish green, with a yellowish tinge. Face brown, mixed with

white scales in middle ; palpi whitish, brown above, the terminal joint brown ;

vertex and thorax worn ; abdomen ochreous, green-tinged towards base, with three

white, red-edged blotches on dorsum.

Expanse of wings : 37 mm.

One ¥ from Merida, Venezuela (Briceno).

Distinguished from albociliaria H. S. by the wholly pale fringes, not intersected

with red ; larger and coarser than alboseriata Warr., the cell in both wings

decidedly shorter.

57. Racheospila sigillaria Gueu. ab.(?) intensa nov.

Like typical sigillaria, but the vinous-purple line which in-ecedes the marginal

white festoon swollen into a purple shade, which at anal angle of both wings and

towards apex of hindwings becomes a blotch ; the purple streak below the white

costal edge also broader ; the abdomen much more broadly and deeply red, this

colour also embracing the whole of the metathorax, which is usually grocn.

The example described was sent along with a cJ of the ordinary form from

Palma Sola, Venezuela, 1896, and is probably only an aberration. As a rule the ?

does not differ from the cJ.

Neuration: as in R. isolata, but the upper radial is stalked with 10, 7, 8, 9.

( 140 )

58. Rhodochlora discipuncta sp. nov.

Forewings: very pale yellowish green, without any markings, except a bright

red cell-spot ; fringe concolorons.

llindivings : the same.

Underside the same, withont cell-spots ; antennae ochreons, shortly pectinated.

Face and palpi whitish brown ; vertex white ; thorax and abdomen concolorons with

wings.

Expanse of wings : 32 mm.

One S from La Paz, Bolivia, October 1895 (M. Stnart).

59. Tachyphyle undilineata sp. nov.

Foreicings: rather deep green, with nnmerons olive-brown transverse strigae ;

the lines of the same colour ; first at one-fourth, waved, convex outwards above and

below the median ; outer line from three-fourths of costa to two-thirds of inner

margin, irregularly waved ; cell-spot brown.

Hindwings : as forewings, with one central line waved.

Underside whitish green ; forewing with dark cell-spot.

Face and palpi ochreons (probably faded from green), terminal joint of palpi

fuscous ; vertex and antennae white ; thorax and abdomen green.

Expanse of wings : 37 mm.

One c? from Rio Demerara, British Guiana.

Telotheta gen. nov.

Forewings: triangular; costa nearly straight; apex prominent; hindmargin

obliquely curved ; costa at base with rough hairs.

Hindwings : with apex rounded, and anal angle rectangular ; hindmargin

rounded, with a slight bend at middle.

Antennae of c? pectinated, of ? serrate, pubescent, short ; palpi of J short,

porrect, of ? very long ; second joint sparsely haired above, third slender and smooth,

quite as long as second. Tongue present ; frenulum of c? fine, of ? invisible.

Neiiration : forewings ; cell two-fifths of wing ; discocellular vertical ; first

median nervule at three-fourths, second and third stalked ; vein 5 from upper half

of the discocellular ; veins II, 6, lO, 7, 8, 9, stalked together and rising in the order

given, 6 in the usual jdace of 7, and 7 close to 8 and 9 ; hindwings, with the two

subcostals on a very long stalk, separating shortly before hindmargin ; radial and

medians as in forewings ; scaling and structure generally very delicate.

Type : Telotheta chlorostignm sp. nov.

60. Telotheta chlorostigma sp. nov.

Forewings : green, covered with very fine whitish striations ; cell-spot diffuse,

darker green ; fringe concolorons ; costa yellow.

Hindwings : simOar ; both wings rather darker green along hindmargin.

Underside whitish green ; base of costa of forewings bright rosy. Fare, third

joint of palpi, and forelegs bright red ; antennae and vertex white, the latter tinged

with pale green ; thorax green ; abdomen ochreons green with dorsal and lateral

red lines.

Expanse of wings : 24 mm.

(141 )

One ? from (Jliimho, Ecuador, August 1897, 1000 ft. (Rosenberg) ; one cJ from

Merida, Veneiouela, October 1808 (Briceno).

This insect must be very close to Geome.tra muacipiuictata Dogn. from Loja,

which I have not seen ; but Dognin speaks of the face as " jaune-ochrace," Tlie

peculiar neuration separates it from all other species.

Subfamily STERRHINAE.

01. Anisodes albipupillata sp. nov.

Forewings: dark fawn-colonr, with a slight reddish tinge; the markings

precisely the same as in A. gloharia Guen., ordiiiata Wlk., and mctasjiilata Wlk.,

but the discal spots different, being round and pure white, without a trace of

darker edging.

Ilindwings : with the cell-spot much larger, pure white, with a narrow

dark edging.

Underside rosy with the white spots strongly showing through.

Expanse of wings : 33 mm.

One ? from S. America, without more precise locality.

This is very j^robably the form recorded by Gnen^e as globnri'a rar. A.

It is extremely likely that this and the three species above mentioned are all

four variant local forms of one and the same species, differing, as they do, only in

the character of the cell-spots.

62. Anisodes bipartita sp. nov.

Forewings : grey with a slight flesh-coloured tinge and finely dark-speckled ;

basal line at one-fourth, very indistinct, angled in cell, and marked by dark dots on

veins ; median shade dark grey, oblique, slightly sinuous, and towards costa sub-

dentate, parallel to hindmargin, from two-thirds of costa to beyond middle of inner

margin ; cell-spot ocelloid, indistinct, its centre of the ground colour ; exterior lino

marked by dark vein-dots, at five-sixths ; submarginal very indistinct ; a marginal

row of black dots between the veins, and minute ones at the vein ends ; fringe

concolorous.

Hindwings : like forewings, but with no basal line ; the cell-spot large, round,

blackish, lying in the median shade, which is difi'use.

In both wings the area from base to median shade is paler than the marginal

area, except a narrow band on which lie the dots of the outer line.

Underside rather darker ; the cell-spots of both wings large, round, and black.

Face and palpi .bove dark brown, beneath pinkish ochreous ; vertex and fillet

white ; collar reddish grey ; thorax and abdomen i)aler grey.

Expanse of wings : 35 mm.

One c? from Popayan, Colombia (Lehmann).

The forewings are narrow and elongate, with the hindmargin more oblique ;

hindmargin of both wings subcrenulate, hardly projecting at vein 4.

03. Anisodes conferta sp. nov.

Foreivings : yellow, so thickly covered with rnfous, fuscous and blackish

transverse striae as only to sliow a small yellow si)ace before and behind the black

cell-spot, and a yellow luunlate submarginal line ; the usual three lines thick,

( 1^2 )

parallel to Liiidmargiu, but almost lost in the ilark striae ; small dark marginal

spots between the veins ; base of costa rosy ; fringe rosy.

Ilindwings : with costa broadly rosy, and the whole wing slightly suffused with

the same hue ; five waved and curved dark transverse lines, the antemedian fine, the

median thickest ; the other three indistinctly lunnlate and separated by the pale

yellow ground-colour ; cell-spot black.

Underside bright rosy, with only the marginal and inner areas yellow, the

former traversed by a rosy line. Face and palpi yellow beneath, bright rosy above ;

vertex, collar, and antennae yellow ; thorax and base of abdnmen fuscous ; the

shoulders tinged with rosy ; abdomen yellow with a rosy patch on the anal half.

Expanse of wings : 48 mm.

One c? from Jamaica.

The fringes are quite worn, but appear to have lieen yellow and rosy.

64. Anisodes costinotata sp. nov.

Foreivings : fawn-colour, dusted and tinged with vinous-red, most thickly along

the costa ; the lines reddish tinged, all starting from dark fuscous marks on costa ;

first at one-fourth, curved, marked by spots on veins and a darker spot in cell ;

second at middle, somewhat squarely bent outwards round cell-spot which is vinous

brown and distinct, then incurved to middle of inner margin ; outer line at three-

fourths, oblique to vein 6, concave to vein 4, and denticulate to three-fourths of inner

margin, marked by reddish dots on veins ; snbmarginal line itself indistinct, but

starting from a larger irregular dark blotch on costa ; marginal spots reddish.

Hindicim/s : with an oval white ccll-sijot edged with vinous brown, and

succeeded by an obscure reddish central shade ; a i)Ostmedian curved line marked by

brown-red dots on the veins.

Underside paler ; cell-spots and outer lines marked ; costa of forewings darker,

with all the costal blotches dark. Face and palpi above, and collar reddish fawn-

colour ; face and palpi below, vertex, thorax, and abdomen paler fawn-colour.

Expanse of wings : 34 mm.

One c? from Popayan, Colombia (Lehmann).

Hindmargin of hindwings distinctly dentate, with a deeper excision between

veins 4 and 6.

65. Anisodes ferruginata sp. nov.

Forewings : deep ferruginous-orauge, densely striated with darker ; costa

brown ; the lines diffuse, darker ferruginous deepening into brown ; first at one-

fourth, curved; second, median, including the small round white dark-edged cell-si)ot;

outer line distinctly dentate exteriorly on the veins ; the submargiiial cloudy ; a row

of blackish marginal dots : fringe concolorous.

Ilindwings : similar ; the space between veins 3 and 4 on both wings some-

what darker.

Underside dull reddish ochreons, with the outer lines dull red. Face and palpi

above deep ferruginous, paler below ; vertex and collar still darker ; thorax bright

ferruginous like wings ; abdomen wanting.

Expanse of wings ; 40 mm.

One S from Paramba, Ecuador, April 1897, dry season, 3500 ft. (Rosenberg).

Distinguished from all other species by its coloration.

( 143)

60. Anisodes insigniata sp. nov.

Forewiiigi : yellowish ocbreous, thickly dusted with dark ferrngiuous, more

especially along costa ; the lines all ferruginous ; first from costa at one-fifth, oblique

outwards to median vein and apparently stopping short, its lower half running from

median to inner margin much nearer the base ; a strong thick ferrngiuous straight

line from middle of costa to middle of inner margin, touching the oblitpe linear cell-

mark ; outer liue from costa at two-thirds, oblique outwards to vein 6, then lunulate,

vertical to vein 4, and strongly incurved below to inner margin just beyond middle

line ; submarginal line thick, curved parallel to hiudmargin, interrupted below

middle, and forming two lunulate ferruginous blotches above anal angle ; marginal

space traversed by an acutely zigzag line, the teeth on either side touching sub-

marginal liue and hiudmargin, blotched in middle and at anal angle ; veins all

ferrngiuous ; marginal line ferruginous ; fringe ochreous.

Hindicings : the same, but the cell-spot represented by a large tridentate

ferruginous-edged silvery patch.

Underside simply ochreous, with all the markings restricted. Face and palpi

yellowish ochreous below, ferruginous above ; vertex, thorax, and abdomen yellowish,

speckled with ferruginous.

Expanse of wings : 38 mm.

One ? rom British Guiana.

67. Anisodes lichenea sp. nov.

Form ngs : pale lichen-grey, speckled witli dark atoms, and tinged with olive ;

costa much speckled with fuscous, towards apex whitish, with tliree purple flecks ;

the lines obscure, marked only by vein-dots, and a little darker on costa ; median

shade olive, subdentate ; cell-spot black-edged, with a minute pale centre ; sub-

marginal line pale, preceded and followed by darker-dusted shades, the former, as

usual, slightly greyer below costa, beyond cell, aud above anal angle ; marginal dots

dark pur2)le between the veins ; fringe whitish, with rosy flecks at end of veins.

Hbuhdnys : similar ; outer line of dots plainer, with a larger blotch at inner

margin.

Underside deep dull rosy ; the cell-spots dark ; marginal line red ; fringes

yellowish. Face and palpi browu above, ochreous below ; vertex white ; thorax and

abdomen grey like the wings ; second segment of abdomen with a ring of purple

specks.

Expanse of wings : 26 mm.

One ? from Jamaica.

Inner margin of lundwiugs shorter, anal angle more truncate, as in illinaria

Guen., with which it corresponds generally in shape.

08. Anisodes nigropustulata sp. nov.

Forewings : ochreous, faintly tinged witli darker ochreous or rufous, and with

slight blackish dusting along the costal area ; first line indicated by three rather

large black spots placed in an oblicjue line, that on the subcostal at one-third, that

on the submedian at one-fifth ; preceded by three smaller spots, in a parallel line ;

one near base below median, the second above the subcostal, the third on costa ; a

minute dark spot in cell and on submedian fold beyond the first line ; cell-spot

( l-l-t )

round, black, with grey centre ; followed by a diffuse greyish somewhat denticulate

median shade ; outer "line marked only by small vein-dots ; submarginal line pre-

ceded by six black blotches, a single one beneath costa and on vein 3, a double one

beyond cell and in snbmedian interval, and followed by a darker ochreous shade,

which is blackish beyond cell ; fringe ochreous, with a row of rather large black

spots at base.

Hind icings : similar, but with the inner and outer lines of spots ending on inner

margin in a black blotch.

Underside much paler, tinged with pale rosy ; the cell-spots and those preceding

the submarginal line showing through. Head, thorax, and abdomen all ochreons ;

the palpi externally fuscous.

Expanse of wings : 26 mm.

One (? from Tijuco, BrazU.

Related to A. urcearia Gaeii.

69. Anisodes ocularis sp. nov.

Foreicings : greyish straw-colour, very finely dusted with fuscous grey atoms ;

the lines rather obscure, dark grey tinged with rufous, most distinct towards costa ;

first at nne-fourth, twice slightly curved outwards ; second at two-thirds, denticulate,

starting from a dark costal spot, excurved round cell, then vertical to inner margin

just beyond middle ; third, submarginal, at five-sixths, obliquely curved outwards to

vein 7, vertical to vein 6, curved to vein 4, then oblique and straight to inner margin

before anal angle, marked below middle only by vein-dots ; a double red apical blotch

surronnded by grey scales ; cell-mark a large grey oval, with pale central point ; a

marginal series of small black dots ; fringe concolorous.

Himhrings : with middle and outer line grey, the latter marked throughout by

vein-dots ; cell-mark as in forewings, but with a deep black spot on the upper edge ;

a small dark dot on median vein near base.

Underside very pale straw-colour, with only the outer line and marginal dots

marked ; cell-marks linear, dark grey, that in the forewings with a pale central line.

Face and i)alpi dull reddish ; vertex, thorax, and abdomen straw-colour.

Expanse of wings : 32 mm.

One S from Palma Sola, Venezuela.

Hind wings with hindmargin distinctly toothed at middle.

70. Anisodes spissata sp. nov.

Forewings : dark ochreous, snfinsed and very finely striated with dull ferruginous ;

the lines also dull ferruginous ; the first curved and inbent on the snbmedian fold,

from one-sixth of costa to one-fourth of inner margin ; median shade thick, from

two-thirds of costa to two-thirds of inner margin, outwardly toothed on veins 3

and C, and inwardly on vein 2 ; exterior line from three-fourths of costa to inner

margin a little before the anal angle, lunulate, the teeth marked slightly darker on

the veins ; submarginal thicker and interrupted, toothed at veins 5 and 2, the teeth

touching the hindmargin ; dark marginal spots between the veins ; the fringe paler ;

cell-spot linear, ferruginous ; costa ferrnginous.

IJindwings : similar, but the cell-spot oval, brown-edged, with a white centre.

Underside suftnsed with dull rosy, except along inner margins. Head, thorax

aud abdomen concolorous.

( 145 )

Expanse of wings : 32 mm.

Two ? ? from Rio Demerara, British Guiana.

Allied to nebuligera Butler and nodigera Butler.

71. Anisodes stramineata sp. no v.

Forewings : pale straw-colour, densely sprinkled witli brick-red andgreyisii olive

atoms ; the lines thickened with a greyish olive tint ; first line at one-fourth, grey-

tinted outwardly, preceded by a slight space free from speckles ; median shade from

just beyond middle of costa to middle of inner margin ; outer line from four-fifths

of costa to four-fifths of inner margin ; both these dentate-lunulate and grey-edged

inwardly, the outer line with the teeth prominently marked with blackish and

followed by a narrow unspeckled space ; a greyish marginal shade containing the

very obscure pale submarginal line ; cell-spot a flattened ring ; marginal dots dark

reddish black ; fringe straw-colour.

Hindioings : the same, but the cell-spot larger, white, with a black edge ;

fringe with small reddish dots beyond the ends of veins as well as the spots

on margin.

Underside duller ; marginal spots and outer line represented on both wings, the

forewings also with cell-spot and median shade, and the costa s^jeckled ; the markings

all dull pinkish grey. Head, thorax, and abdomen straw-colour ; palpi above rosy ;

face at top brownish.

Expanse of wings : 20 mm.

One ? from Paramba, Ecuador, 3.500 ft., dry season, April 1897 (Rosenberg).

72. Anisodes subcarnearia sp. nov. and ab. grisea nov.

Forewings : deep flesh-colour, much suff'used and dusted with olive ; all the

lines olive ; the inner and outer marked with the usual series of black vein-dots ;

median shade rather thick, externally snbdentate ; cell-spot round, black-edged, with

grey or whitish centre ; marginal dots black, small ; fringe concolorous.

Hindicitigs : the same ; the cell-spot large and black, with a minute white

centre and ring of white scales round it within the black disc.

Underside deep dull rosy ; the cell-spots blackish, linear ; fringe rosy. Face

dull red-brown ; palpi brighter red ; vertex, thorax, and abdomen concolorous

with wings.

Expanse of wings : 26 to 28 mm.

Two ? ? from Sao Paulo (type) and Maraval ; the latter brighter and paler red,

with less olive suffusion.

A second ? from S. Paulo I shall for the present refer here as ab. grisca. Instead

of being red, it is dull grey, with a slight pink tinge ; cell-spots of both wings round

aud black, with a minute white central speck ; abdomen grey, with a dorsal row of

red dashes ; underside pale whitish, with a rosy flush.

73. Anisodes subpallida sp. nov.

Forewings : pale stone-grey, darker grey along the costa ; inner and outer lines

indicated by small vein-dots ; central shade obscurely darker, slightly curved round

the cell-spot, which is white, somewhat shining, without darker edging ; submarginal

line indistinctly paler, lunnlatc, preceded and followed by a darker shade, that which

( 146 )

precedes it being marked by dull blotches between the veins ; a row of small dark

marginal dots ; fringe concolorons.

Ilindwings : like forewings.

Underside glossv, whitish ; the forewings towards costa slightly flushed ; cell-

spots and onter lines indistinctly expressed. Head, thorax, and abdomen all grey ;

the abdomen tinged with reddish on back ; palpi and forelegs rosy above ; face

rather darker at top.

Expanse of wings : 28 mm.

A pair from Petropolis, Brazil.

A rather dull and inconspicuous-looking insect.

74. Anisodes tenera sp. uov.

Forewings : pale fawn-colour, with delicate darker strignlae ; the inner and

outer lines marked by vein-dots only, at one-fifth and fonr-fifths respectively ; cell-

spot distinct, blackish, with a minute white speck in centre ; central shade dark

fawn, irregularly dentate externally, the space between it and basal line filled in

with the same colour ; a marginal row of dark spots, but no submarginal line ;

fringe concolorous.

Himhcings : exactly the same.

Underside much paler, almost whitish ; costal region of forewings tinged with

rufous ; the cell-spots large and dark, elongated. Head, thorax, and abdomen all

concolorous.

Expanse of wings : 2(3 mm.

One tS from Corcovado, Rio Janeiro.

The dark suffusion between inner and median line is fainter towards inner

margin of forewings and costal margin of hindwings.

75. Anisodes urcearia ab. diflPusa nov.

In Guenee's type form the transverse lines are fine, and the vein-dots by which

they are marked decidedly darker than the lines themselves ; Guenee, indeed, calls

them black, but they are really a very deep red. In the form before me the whole

surface of both wings is much more densely dusted with red scales than in the usual

paler examples ; the cross lines are much thicker and more ditiuse, and, instead of

the darker vein-dots, the edges of the lines are merely marked with deeper red ; and

similarly the dark blotches below the costa, opposite the cell, and above the anal

angle, which precede the pale submarginal line, as well as the marginal spots, are

in this case deep rosy. The underside of both wings is proportionally more deejily

suffused with red.

One ? from Rio Demerara, British Guiana, of the same size as those of the

type-form from the same and other localities.

Genus ANTEOIS nom. nov.

At page 308 of his Verzeichniss, Hilbuer placed four species under J-Jois,

viz., auroraria, ostrina, russcaria, and politariu ; of these the first, second, and

fourth had been previously figured by him under the head of Gcometm, while the

third had not only been figured but described by him in the Zutrage (p. 27. n. 78

[1818]) as Eois russearia. It follows, I think, that russearia is the type of Eois ;

( 147 )

and that this name mnst supersede Gnenee's Camboyia, at all events for those

species which, like russearia, have antennae in the S not pectinated, but ciliated

only. For those with pectinated antennae the name Camboijin, will stand.

The generic term Eois, therefore, cannot be applied to any group of Stcrrldnae.

The group to which it has hitherto been referred is a large one, and will ultimately

have to be subdivided. 1 am not at present prepared to say whether any or which

of the other generic terms applied to species of the grouj) should be used instead of

Eois ; but as some name must be employed I propose that oi Antcois provisionally

(type of genus : A. muricata Hfn.).

76. Anteois mellea sp. nov.

Forewings : deep yellow ; costa for two-thirds purple-brown ; a slightly marked

pur]ile line near base ; an indistinct sinuous median line ; a distinct sinuous outer

line, followed by an interrupted submarginal line, containing two more strongly

marked spots below middle and another at anal angle ; fringe yellow, not separated

from wing by any line.

Hindwings : the same, without basal line. .

Underside paler. Face, palpi, and thorax purple-brown, glossy ; vertex and

antennae white ; abdomen yellow ringed with red.

Expanse of wings : 15 mm.

Several from Sao Paulo, Brazil.

77. Anteois obliquaria sp. uov.

Forewings : dull whitish, slightly tinged with rufous and dusted with grey

atoms ; the lines grey, all oblicjue and parallel to the very obliixue hiudmargiu ; the

first thick, from before middle of inner margin, the second from the middle, third

and fourth finer, the third snbdenticulate ; all four lines are more or less obliterated

before reaching the costa ; fringe pale grey, with darker base.

Hinihcings : whiter, with traces of four lines, most distinct on inner margin.

Underside like npper. Head, thorax, and abdomen concolorous with wings.

Expanse of wings : 16 mm.

Five ? ? from Caicara, Orinoco, April 1898 (fjhcrrie).

The costa and hiudmargin of forewings are both straight, the apex acute ; the

insect reminds one of Anteois triangularis Warr. iPtychopoda), but that species has

the wings still more elongate, and grey not whitish in colour, the lines still more

oblique.

78. Anteois sulphuraria sp. nov.

Forewings : very jiale sulphur-yellow, faintly and irregularly sprinkled with

brownish ; the costal area especially marked with brownish scales ; no lines visible ;

fringe yellowish.

Hindwings : with very obscure traces of antemedian and postmedian lines.

Underside glossy, pale yellow, with the costa of forewings broadly rufous.

Face black-brown ; vertex, thorax, and abdomen like wings.

Expanse of wings : 15 — 16 mm.

One S, one ?fr6m Chimbo, Ecuador, August 1807 (Rosenberg).

The antennae of the i are subserrate, with very long cnrling cilia. The

( 148 )

hindwings have the hiudmargin strongly excised beyond cell and snbcrennlate to

anal angle ; veins 6, 7, and 3, 4 stalked ; the cell short.

The species bears a striking resemblance to Craspedia ra<sa Warr. described

further on.

Genus: ASELLODES Gnen.

The species of this genns must be referred to the snbfamily Sterrhinae. In

both sexes vein 8 of the hindwings tonches 7 near base and tlicn diverges to the

costal margin. Cell about half as long as wing ; discocellular with a short vertical

upper area, and obliquely curved lower portion ; the lower radial from the angle

at their junction and therefore much nearer G than .4. First median nervulc at

two-thirds, second at eight-ninths ; upper radial from upper angle of cell ; 7, 8, 0

stalked from three-fourths ; 10 and 11 stalked from one-half, 10 anastomosing with

8, 9. In the hindwings of ? veins 6, 7 are stalked, the rest as iu forewings. In

the 6 the subcostal vein is nearly in the middle of the wing ; the two subcostal

nervules stalked and very divergent; the radial runs obliijuely into the excision

before anal angle, and the three median nervules are obscured, the submedian fold

forming a strong furrow on the upper side, projecting and fringed with hairs below.

The hindtibiae and tarsi in the ^J are quite aborted and hidden by dense hairs.

(Guenee must have mistaken the middle tibiae for the hind ones).

Calyptocome gen. nov.

Forewings : with costa nearly straight ; apex prominent, bluntly rounded ;

hindmargin oblique, curved towards anal angle.

Ilitidwintjs : with hiudmargin well rounded, inner margin long ; anal angle

squared.

Antennae of <S with the joints triangular, subserrate beneath, with long

ciliations. Pal])i quite short, not reaching front of face ; hindtibiae of 6 aborted,

without spurs, and with a pencil of hairs ; of ? with three spurs.

Xeiifation : forewings, cell one-half of wing ; discocellular vertical, very faint ;

first median uervule at three-fourths, second at seven-eighths ; radials normal ;

7, 8, 9 stalked from a little before end ; 10 shortly before them, 11 at one-half; 10

anastomosing with 11 and again with 7, 8, 9. Hindwings with 3, 4, and (i, 7

short-stalked.

Type : C. pamiaria Gueu. (Acidulia).

The underside of the hindwings iu the 6 is roughened and sometimes beset

with long hair-like scales.

79. Calyptocome roseoliva sp. nov.

Forewings : dull rosy, with sinuous olive-ochreous transverse bands ; the costa

rosy, with a subcostal olive-ochreous stripe ; the bands are obscurely marked and

difficult of exact observation ; antemedian, median, postmedian, and submargiual,

with traces of yet anotlier below apex ; fringe rosy and ochreous.

Hindwings : without iirst line ; both wings with dark linear cell-spot.

Underside of forewings glossy rosy ; of hindwings yellowish. Vertex, antennae,

face, and palpi brown ; thorax and patagia olive-ochreous ; abdomen rosy.

Expanse of wings : 18 mm.

One d from St. Vincent, March 1897 (llendall).

( 149)

80. Cnemodes dentilinea ^i. nov.

ForeiciiiflS : greyish flesh-colonr, fiuely dusted with darlc atoms ; the lines

fuscous ; first vertical at one-fonrth, curved below costa and indistinct ; second from

two-thirds of costa to tliree-fifths of inner margin, slightly iiibent below middle, and

obscure at costa ; third at five-sixths, irregularly dentate and fine ; marginal line

very fine, interrupted by jmle spots at the ends of the veins ; cell-spot blackish,

distinct.

Ilimluungs : like forewings, but without first line.

Underside j)aler, the ground-colour othraceous tinged and suffused with rosy ;

the two outer lines and the cell-spots indicated. Head, thorax, and abdomen like

wings ; abdomen, face, and palpi whitish below ; fillet between antennae black.

Expanse of wings : 37 mm.

One ? from Paramba, Ecuador.

Distinguished from the other species of the genns by the submarginal line

being denticulated instead of undulating.

81. Craspedia approbata sp. nov.

Forewings : pale ochreons with slight blackish dusting ; lines yellowish

ochreons, parallel to hindmargin ; first from one-third of costa to one-fourth of inner

margin, bent in cell ; median from be3-ond middle of costa to middle of inner margin,

excurved round cell ; outer line very fine and denticulate at three-fourths ; sub-

marginal line broad between two ochraeeous shades ; a marginal row of small black

dots ; fringe ochreous ; cell-spot round, black, and distinct ; the exterior line at

costa is slightly marked with brownish.

Ilindwings : without first line ; the hindmargin slightly prominent in middle.

Underside whitish ochreons, the forewings suflfused with greyish ; cell-spot and

outer lines indicated. Palpi ochreons, second joint externally dark fuscous ; face

ochreous, with slight fuscous bar at top ; vertex white ; thorax and abdomen pale

ochreons.

Expanse of wings : 1 7 mm.

One (? from Carupano, December 1891 (C. W. EUacombe).

Distinguished especially by the pale face. It comes very close to C. aiomaria

"Warr. from Jamaica, which also has the face ochreons, but the present species is

much less speckled with dark scales ; the fringe is pure ochreons without the basal

dots that occnr in aiomaria, and the hindmargins of wings are not crenulate.

82. Craspedia chlorochrea sp. nov.

Forewings : cream-white, thickly dusted with pale greenish ochreous ; the lines

very indistinct; the first at one-fourth, curved ; the outer at five-sixths, denticulate,

parallel to hindmargin ; submarginal waved, pale ; a dark, greenish cell-spot ; costa

narrowly ochreous ; a marginal row of dull greenish spots ; fringe coucolorous ; a

diffuse oblique median shade.

Hindwings : similar.

Underside paler, without dusting ; costa of forewings fuscous ; cell-spots, outer

and marginal lines expressed. Face and palpi brown, collar ochraeeous ; vertex

and shoulders white ; thorax and abdomen like wings.

U

( 150 )

Expanse of wings : 20 ram.

One S, two ? ? from ('astro, Parami, .Tannary 180,5 (E. D. Jones)

In the d the lines are hardly visiljle.

83. Craspedia consobrinata sp. nov.

Foreicings : greyish ochrcons, densely dusted with fine rnfons and fuscous

scales ; the lines as in C. ambagifera, Warr., but with slight differences ; first line

at one-fourth, bent in cell, then vertical, not outcurted ; second lino at two-thirds,

obliciucly concave to vein (i, then sinuous to beyond middle of inner margin, the

angle at vein 4 very slight ; outer line at four-fifths, fine, formed of small lunules ;

a slight blackish marginal line, interrupted at veins, fringe concolorons ; cell-spot

white with brown edge ; the space between second and third lines, which in

ambagifera is prominently pale, is here only slightly so, and very often, especially

in the ? ? , of the same tint as the rest of the wing.

Ilindwinga : similar ; the space before second line with slightly darker scaling,

especially on each side of the cell-spot which is insignificant.

Underside less dusted, with the two outer lines distinct. Head, thorax, and

abdomen concolorous with wings ; face and palpi brown, paler beneath.

Expanse of wings : 24 to 26 mm.

Three SS, four ? ? from Cindad Bolivar, Venezuela, June 1898 (Klages), and

a pair from Caicara, Orinoco, 1898 (Cherrie).

The abdomen of the S beneath has a double tuft of ochreous and blackish hairs

on basal segment.

84. Craspedia flexistrigata sp. nov.

Foreicings : dull ochreous suffused with brown ; the lines concise, dark brown ;

first at one-third, sharply angled in cell, then obliqne inwards, parallel to hind-

margin ; second from costa beyond middle, acutely angled on vein 6, then flexuous

and oblique inwards to before middle, approximating to first line ; third line at

five-sixths, bluntly bent at vein 7, then flexuous parallel to hindmargin ; the

second and third lines are each followed by a less distinct brown line and a deeper

brown shade ; apex of the wing paler, limited below by an obliquo line from apex

to angle of second line ; an interrupted black marginal line ; fringe paler brown,

with dark dots at base in the fringe beyond the pale dots at the ends of the veins,

cell-spot black.

Ilindicings : paler ; the cell-spot larger ; submarginal line waved, between

brown shades.

Underside ochreous, with the markings brown. Head, thorax, and abdomen

concolorons ; face brown ; abdomen with brown rings.

Expanse of wings : 19 mm.

Several of both sexes from Santos, Brazil.

The forewings are elongate, with obliipie and slightly sinuous hindmargin ;

hindwiugs short, with hindmargin toothed at vein 4 ; tarsi of the 6 invisible.

8.5. Craspedia rasa sp. nov.

Forewings: very pale sulphur-yellow, slightly greenish-tinged; without any

distinct markings, but in certain lights two or three faint paler and darker lines can

be seen running panillel to the hindmargin ; fringe concolorous,

IHndwivys : like forewings.

( 151 )

Underside less yellow ; costa of forewiiigs broadly reddisli from base to apex.

Head, thorax, and abdomen coucolorons ; face and palpi abcjve pale reddish.

Expanse of wings : 17 mm.

One <S from Ciudad Bolivar, Venezuela, November 18S)8 (S. Klages).

80. Craspedia rostrilinea sp. nov.

Foreicings : dull white, irrorated with fine ochreons and grey scales ; costa

finely ochreous, more broadly in the apical half; lines ochreons and grey, creaulate;

all parallel, except towards costa, to the rather obliqne hindraargin ; the two outer

lines, postmedian and submarginal, are recurved to costa, and the tooth on vein 6,

at the angulation in each, projects beaklike outwards : cell-spot and linear marginal

spots blackish ; fringe concolorous, dusted with dark scales, and with indications of

an interrupted darker middle line.

Hindwinys : similar, but without first line ; cell-spot beyond central line.

Underside glossy white, with the lines showing through; forewings tinged with

ochreous fuscous, becoming fuscous along the costa.

Face and palpi dark brown above, paler below ; vertex and antennae brown ;

collar ochreous ; thorax and abdomen like wings.

Expanse of wings : 26 mm.

One S from Popayan, Colombia (Lehmannj.

Vein 7 of hindwings from well before angle of cell.

87. Craspedia unicomata sp. nov.

Foreicings : milk-white, thickly speckled with fine black atoms ; the lines

ochreous ; costal edge ochreous ; antemedian line indistinct, sometimes marked with

a few black scales on median vein ; median line sinuous and dentate ; outer line

fine, denticulate, the teeth clearly marked with blackish points, that on vein 0 at

the end of a larger tooth projecting prominently towards hindmargin, l3nng in the

ochreous submarginal shade ; subtermiual ochreous shade partially interrupted into

blotches ; a series of blackish marginal triangles ; fringe whitish ochreous, thickly

speckled with black atoms ; cell-spot black, distinct.

Hiiuhcirigs : without first line ; the teeth of outer line hardly marked with

darker.

Underside pale ochreous, unspeckled; forewings washed with greyish ochreous;

all the markings distinctly reproduced. Face and palpi brown-black ; vertex and

collar ochreous, like the costal edge of forewings ; thorax and abdomen white,

speckled with black ; shoulders white, unspeckled.

Expanse of wings : 17 mm.

One c? from Santos, one ? from S. Paulo, Brazil.

88. Craspedia uniformata sp. nov.

Foreicings : dull greyish ochreons, slightly rufous-tinged and thickly covered

with grey atoms ; the lines dark grey, but indistinct ; an antemedian at one-third,

bent below costa; a thick median line from beyond middle of costa to beyond middle

of inner margin, much excurved round cell ; an outer line at five-sixths, regularly

dentate-lunulate, somewhat incurved beyond cell and on submedian fold ; a marginal

row of blackish dashes ; fringe concolorous, minutely speckled with grey ; cell-spot

dark, indistinct,

( 1^>2 )

Hindwings : similar ; no first line.

Underside odireons ; the forewings suffused tlironf;liont witli dull rosy ; the

iiiar<rinal dashes of both wings dark red. Face and palpi deep red ; vertex and

antennae oehreous ; thorax and .abdomen pinkish ochreous ; antennae with long

ciliations.

Expanse of wiugs : 21 mm.

One cJ from St. George's, Trinidad, November 1891 (C. W. Ellacorabe).

89. Craspedia viridipunctata sp. nov.

Forewings : pale stone-oolour, thickl}- sprinkled with olive and pinkish scales ;

the lines dentate, marked with olive-green points on the veins ; first at one-fourth,

stron^'ly angled in cell; a median line also aus'led and touching the green discal-spot,

followed by a diffuse olive-green shade; exterior and submargiual lines approximated;

hindmargin festooned, with small greenish spots between the veins ; fringe

concolorous.

Ilinduiiigs : similar, without first line ; the hindmargin conspicuously toothed

at middle.

Underside paler, suftused with pnriilish grey ; the lines of the same colour ;

head, thorax, and abdomen like wings ; face pale brown.

Expanse of wings : 32 mm.

One ? from I'etrojiolis, Brazil.

Crypsityla gen. nov.

Forewings : with costa straight, curved before apes ; hindmargin obliquely

curved.

Hindwings : with well rounded hindmargin.

Antennae of (S finely ciliated ; palpi shortly porrect ; hindlegs of c? aborted.

Hindwings of c? with an oval thickening near base of submodian vein, bearing

beneath a tuft of curled scales.

Neuration : forewings, cell two-fifths of wings ; discocellular vertical ; first

median nervnle at three-fourths, second at seven-eighths ; lower radial from above

centre of discocellnlar ; upper normal; T, 8, 9 stalked; 10 and 11 free, 11 rising

far back towards base ; 111 anastomosing with 11 and again with S, 9. Hindwings

with vein 7 from before upper end of cell ; 3 and 4 stalked.

Type : Cri/j/sifgla quinqurlineata Dogn. {Acidalia).

9(J. Dichromatopodia deflexa sp. uov.

Forewings : dark chocolate-brown ; the lines ochreous ; first curved at one-

third ; second from two-thirds of costa to two-thirds of inner margin, excnrved

beyond cell ; a pale angulated cell-mark ; marginal dark line witii distinct pale

s]i()ts on the veins; fringe concolorous.

Hindwings : with the outer bent line only distinct.

Underside dull ochreous suffused with red ; the outer linos of both wings only

marked. Head, thorax, and abdomen all concolorous.

Expanse of wings : 22 mm.

One (? from Palma Sola, Vene;^ucla, 1890 (Whyman).

( 153 )

91. Euacidalia germaua sp. nov. and ali. obscura nov.

Forewimjs : ochreous with a slight reddish tiuge, minutely sjicckled in parts

with blackish ; first line at one-fonrth, blackish, obscure, bent in cell, then obli(iue ;

median shade just beyond middle, beut round cell, diffuse, to middle of inner

margin ; outer line at fivc-sixtlis, minutely angled outwarc^s on vein (!, then sinuate,

parallel to hindmargiu, marked by distinct black spots on veins ; submarginal line

obscure, between two darker greyish shades, the inner one witli darker lunulate

blotches between the veins ; fringe pale ochreous with distinct blackish spots at base

beyond the veins ; cell-spot small, dark.

Ilinchvings : similar, without first line.

Underside the same, the forewings greyer ; outer line and cell-spots distinct.

Face and palpi dark brown ; vertex, thorax, and abdomen concolorous with wings.

Expanse of wings : 19 to 22 mm.

Two (?c?, 1 ? from Newcastle, Jamaica.

A second ? expands 26 mm. and is wholly smoky greyish fuscous, the markings

more or less hidden ; it may be distinguished as ab. obscura.

This darker form must be something like E. sericeata Pack., from N. America.

Both wings have the hindmargiu indented opposite the cell, the hindwings

slightly crenulate throughout.

92. Euephyra subsimilis sp. nov.

Forewings : whitish ochreous, thickly dnsted with rufous-olive, more fuscous

above costa ; first line from before one-third of costa to oae-fourth of inner margin ;

bluntly angled in cell, then oblique and sinuous inwards ; outer line from three-

fourths of costa to three-fourths of inner margin, oblicjue outwards to vein 6, then

less oblique to vein 4, thence sinuous inwards ; cell-spot oval, whitish, edged with

brown, lying in a very slight and diffuse median shade ; a fine dark marginal line

interrupted at the veins ; fringe concolorous.

Hindwiiigs : the same.

Underside paler, less speckled ; the first line not expressed. Head, thorax,

and abdomen like wings ; face and paljii browner, like the lines.

Exjianse of wings : 21 mm.

One ? from Paramba, Ecuador, 35t)0 ft., Blay 1897, dry season (Rosenberg).

Like conspicillaria Snell. in shape and colour of wings, but the lines not

denticulate ; the discal white spot smaller.

93. Haemalea circumducta sp. nov.

Forewings : greyish ochreous, with a faint greenisli tint, dusted and suffused

with grey ; the lines very indistinct ; a waved inner line, diffuse median shade,

and waved outer line are obscurely traceable ; a row of smoky black marginal spots

before the fringe, which is concolorous ; cell-spot small and dark.

Hindwings : similar.

Underside paler, in the forewings suffused witli rosy. Face and paljii rccl-

brown ; thorax and abdomen like wings.

Expanse of wings : 22 mm.

One ? from Palma Sola, Venezuela.

( 1^4 )

04. Haemalea minuta «p. uov.

Foir/n'/if/s : bone-colour, vei\v faintly dusted with darker ; the costa and fringe

dark vinous ; marginal line dark purple-black, preceded by some jjurplish brown

clouds ; three curved, slightly waved, very pale brown lines, at even distances

apart : the basal less curved than the two outer ; cell-spot minute.

Jliiuhciiuis : similar, without the basal line ; the middle line before the small

black cell-dot.

Underside white with the fringes vinous ; forewings, except along inner margin,

washed with rosy. Face, paliji, and forelegs deep rosy ; thorax and abdomen like

wings ; vertex and antennae fuscous.

Expanse of wings : 15 mm.

One t? from S. America, exact locality not stated.

0-5. Haemalea penumbrata sji. uov.

Forewi/igs : pinkish ochreous, dusted with grey ; lines very obscure, slightly

waved ; a median, exterior, and submarginal can be faintly traced ; cell-spot difl'nse,

dark ; a dull purplish marginal shade, oblitjuely edged from ajiex to beyond cell,

tlien narrowed, and ending on submediau fold ; a deeper marginal line ; fringe

pinkish ochreous.

Hiiidivlngs : the same, without any marginal shade.

Underside paler ochreous, pinkish tinged. Face and palpi red-brown ; thorax

and abdomen like wings.

Expanse of wings : 22 mm.

One ? from Dominica, June 1897.

00. Haemalea perlata sp. nov.

Forciriiigs : glossy, semi-hyaline white, very finely dusted with dark ; the costa

bronzy brown-black ; marginal line of similar coloured lunules, separated by a

white dot at the end of each vein ; the lines, represented by dark dots, indistinctly

connected ; the first, near base, slightly curved ; the second at two-thirds, oblique

and nearly straight ; the exterior, near hindmargin, sinuous ; submarginal line

obscurely dentate ; cell-spot bronzy brown ; fringe white with slight bronzy

reflection.

Ilinilwings : the same, without first line; hindmargin slightly produced in

middle.

Underside like npjier, with the cell-spots, outer, and marginal lines brown ;

costa of forewings likewise brown. Face, vertex, and front of thorax bronzy brown;

lower third of face white ; thorax and abdomen white.

Expanse of wings : 20 ram.

One ? from 8t. George's, October 1891 (('. W. Ellacombe).

Nearest to //. rujicinctata Gnen. bnt smaller, much more transparent ; the

fringes white, not red ; the middle line of forewings well beyond cell-spot, instead

of over it.

( 155 )

07. Haemalea straminea sp. uov.

Porewings : bright straw-yellow, thickly flecked with orauge ; an orange spot

at base ; the lines dark brown ; first at one-third, vertical, faintly bent outwards

just below the median vein ; second at two-thirds, oblique outwards to vein 4, bent

inwards and subobsolete to vein 2, then parallel to the upper arm to inner margin

shortly before anal angle ; traces of an interrupted submarginal line ; marginal line

deep brown ; fringe concolorons.

Uindwings : with outer line only, and that very faint and interrupted.

Underside jialer, with the lines showing through ; hindwings with an obscure

broa,dish dark margin. Head, thorax, and abdomen like wings.

Expanse of wings : 19 mm.

One ? from Cachabi, Ecuador, low country, November 1896 (Rosenberg).

98. Heterephyra distinctata sp. nov.

Forcwings : dull brick-red, finely dusted with fuscous ; the lines fuscous ; first

from one-fifth of costa to one-fourth of inner margin, curved, and slightly projecting

in cell and on snbmedian fold ; second from two-thirds of costa to two-thirds of

inner margin, slightly angled outwards at veins 0 and 4, then incurved ; third at

four-fifths, fine and distinct, somewhat irregularly dentate, oblique outwards to

vein 6, incurved to vein 4, vertical to vein 3, then strongly oblique inwards to above

vein 3, thence vertical to inner margin ; a very faint cloudy submarginal shade ;

marginal line distinct, black, interrupted at the veins ; fringe briclc-red ; cell-spot

oval, whitish, with dark edge.

Hindwings : precisely similar.

Underside dull rosy with the inner margins whitish ; the lines faint. Thorax

and abdomen like wings ; fillet and base of antennae white ; rest of antennae, face,

and palpi deep red.

Expanse of wings ; c? 3lJ mm. ; ¥ 32 mm.

One c? from Dominica, August 1895 (Elliott), type ; one ? , St. Vincent, March

1897 (Rendall).

The <? is darker, with more obscure markings.

99. Heterephyra fuscicosta sp. nov.

Foreivings : dull brick-red, dusted with fine fuscous scales; the costa dark

fuscous throughout ; the lines diffuse and indistinct ; first from one-third of costa to

one-fourth of inner margin, vertical below the median ; second at two-thirds, faintly

dentate, strongly incurved below middle ; third at five-sixths, sinuous, regularly

and bluntly dentate, the teeth filled up with fuscous scales ; marginal line reddish,

indistinct ; fringe whitish with reddish base ; cell-spot round, white, black-edged.

Hindwings : similar, the lines very indistinct ; the cell-spot round and black.

Underside pale pinkish. Thorax and abdomen like wings ; vertex, antennae,

face, and palpi, dull dark red.

Expanse of wings : 34 mm.

One ? from Cachabi, Ecuador, low country, January 1897 (Rosenberg).

Distinguished from H. distinctata by the dark costa, reddish vertex, and pale

fringes.

( 15fi )

ion. Heterephyra fuscidiscaria.

Foren-inqs : dull brownish testaceous, with a slight olive tint, darker, somewhat

pnrplish, towards hiiidmargin : the lines purplish, obscure ; first at one-fourth,

vertical, bent below costa ; median shade bent slightly round the cell-spot, which is

round and large, diflfusely filled with pnrplish scales and with a purplish crescent on

its inner edge ; outer line denticulate, at three-fourths ; a dark purplish marginal

line ; fringe brownish.

llimlicings : similar ; the cell-blotch larger ; the ground-colour more rufous.

Underside gilded yellowish, or yellow flushed with red : the lines and cell-spots

and costa of forewings brick-red. Palpi yellowish, externally bright red ; face

brown-red above, ochreons below; vertex brown-red; shoulders and patagia ochreons ;

thorax and abdomen much tinged with red-brown.

Expanse of wings : 2s mm.

Several ? ? from Santos (type) and Petropolis, Brazil.

Near //. pcrspcctaria Wlk., with which it agrees in the markings, but the cell-

spots are wholly difi'ereut

101. Hetereph3rra illimitata sp. nov.

Forewings : dull bnck-rcd, very finely dusted with grey, with three grey

lunulate-dentate lines, as in pcrsjvctaria "Wlk. : the first, at one-third, vertical ;

the second and third parallel to each other and incurved below middle ; marginal

area darker ; fringe coucolorous, without any trace whatever of marginal line or

spots ; cell-spot round, varying in size, pure white with a dark grey edge and some

blackish scales at centre.

llini/icinyii : the same, without first line ; cell-spot always larger than that of

forewings.

Underside uniform dull flesh-colour, with a slight bronzy yellow tinge. Face

and paljii above dark red-l)rown, pale>ochreous below; vertex, antennae, thorax, and

abdomen coucolorous with wings.

Expanse of wings : 40 mm.

Two c? c? from Paramba, Ecuador.

Akin to (liscopiinctaria H. S., and perspectaria Wlk. ; distinguished from the

former by the total absence of marginal line or spots, and by the dark vertex ;

from the latter by the large round white discal spots ; and from both by the much

larger size.

Hyriogona gen. nov.

c? Fofcir/iifls : elongate, with curved costa; apex pnidnced; hindmargin oblique,

long, hardly curved ; inner margin heavily fringed.

Hindwings : narrow, more or less elongated ; inner margin generally long, and

the anal angle produced, the hindmargin well rounded.

Antennae of cf lamellate, shortly pubescent, tlie joints minutely angled and

spiked ; jialjii short, hairy beneath ; tongue and frennlnm present ; hindtibiae

thickened and tufted, without spurs ; the tarsi quite short.

Xeuration: forewings, cell more than half as long as wing; first median at

three-fourths, second shortly before end of cell ; radials normal ; veins 7, 8, 9, 10

( 157 )

stalked, 11 free ; snbiuedian fold strong-Iy siuuous ; hiudwiags with n and 7 long-

stalked; vein 3 from before end of cell; vein 2 at one-half, strongly curved downwards

at origin and recurved again towards 3 at hindmargin ; inner margin thickened, witii

a long fringe and tuft of hair ; the submedian vein also fringed with hair beneath.

Type : Ilijriogona, capitata, sp. nov.

102. Hyriogona capitata sp. nov.

Forewings: lemon-yellow, the basal two-thirds wholly suffused with pinkish

lilac, dusted with grey ; first line darker lilac at one-third, angled in cell, then

oblique to inner margin before middle ; outer line from costa at two-thirds to anal

angle, irregular above middle, with a sinus inwards beyond cell, and a beak out-

wards between veins 3 and 4, vertical below ; apical area with two pale lilac clouds

from costa to vein 4 ; veins with a dark lilac dot at their ends ; fringe lemon-yellow

with no trace of basal line ; cell-spot large, dark.

Ilindwings : lilac, leaving only a narrow yellow margin, widest at costa and

vanishing before anal angle ; exterior line of forewings reproduced, with some yellow

luiiulate patches in the angles ; fringe yellow ; cell-mark lilac.

Underside duller. Head, thorax, and abdomen concolorons with the lilac of

the wings.

Exjjanse of wings : 17 mm.

One c? from S. Paulo, Brazil.

103. Hyriogona fimbriata sp. uov.

Resembles //. caj>/fala, but in the forewings there is a long tooth of scales from

the anal angle ; the hindwings are shorter, the hindmargin more rounded ; vein 2

of hindwings is straight, not curved ; and there is a fringe of long hairs on upper

side along cell and vein 5 to margin.

Forewings : greyish pink, with no first line ; the edge of the yellow triangular

space at margin is oblique into anal angle, instead of reaching the inner margin

before it ; apical region filled up with dull pink.

Expanse of wings : 16 mm.

One <S from Chimbo, Ecuador, August 1897, 1000 ft. (Rosenberg), type ; and

three S6 from Paramba, Ecuador, June 1S97, dry season, 3.j0U ft. (Rosenberg).

Neochrysa, gen. nov.

c? Forewings : elongate ; costa slightly curved ; apex produced ; hindmargin

carved, more obliquely below the middle.

Ilindwings : lanceolate, the inner margin very short, fringed and tnfted with

long hairs ; hindmargin i)rodnced iu middle to a blnnt point.

Antennae of i ciliated ; palpi quite short, smooth ; tongue and frenulum

present ; hindtibiae without spnrs, but with a pencil of hairs.

N'euration : forewings, cell half the length of wing ; first median ncrvule at

four-fifths ; second close before end of cell ; radials normal ; 7, 8, 9 stalked ; in and

11 stalked, K) anastomosing with 7, <S, 9, forming a single areole ; hindwings with 6

and 7 short-stalked, 6 running into the point ; vein 3 from well before 4 ; vein 2

from much nearer the base.

Type : Scochrysa comosa sp. uov.

( 158 )

104. Neochrysa comosa sp. uov.

Forewings : deep yellow ; the costa and lines j)nrj)le-ro.sy ; the first lino at

one-third, and the median, which is incurved below middle, both diffuse, the area

from base to median more or less wholly suffused with purple-rosy ; outer line waved,

from three-fonrths of costa to anal angle ; marginal area beyond it suffused with

purple-rosy, containing an obscure pale submarginal line ; fringe yellow.

Iliruhvings : with a straight median rosy shade, the basal area within it suffused

with rosy ; the rest as in forewings.

Underside similar to upper. Thorax, vertex, and face deep purple-red ; fillet,

antennae, and abdomen yellow ; the last red-spotted.

Expanse of wings : 12 mm.

One cJ from Sao Paulo, Brazil.

Neosterrha, gen. nov.

Forewings : with costa straight, convex before ape.x, which is bluntly subfalcate;

hindmargin oblique, faintly sinuous.

Hindicings : kite-shaped ; apical and anal angles S(iuared ; hindmargin angled

at vein 4.

Antennae of tj subserrate, with very long fascicles of cilia; palpi short, thick,

not reaching front of face ; second joint rough-scaled, third minute ; tongue and

frenulum present ; hindtibiae and tarsi in cj of equal length, not aborted, the tibiae

with terminal spurs only.

Neuration of Cra&pedm ; in colour and markings recalling Mnesitlietis.

Type : N. thetis sp. nov.

105. Neosterrha thetis sp. nov.

Forewings : dull olive-green with three darker green lines ; first curved at one-

fourth ; second oblique and excurved round cell, from two-thirds of costa to beyond

middle of inner margin ; third submarginal, more strongly denticulate ; marginal

line darker green, interrupted by pale spots at the vein-ends ; fringe green varied

with paler ; cell-spot black, distinct ; traces of a median dark shade visible on

the costa.

Iliiidicings : with two lines ; cell-spot a double white dot.

Underside paler ; costa of forewings tinged with rufous ; marginal line dark

green. Face and palpi reddish ; vertex, thorax, and abdomen green, like the wings.

Expanse of wings : 19—26 mm.

Three ? ? from Azalar de Carthago, Costa Rica, 5-6U00 ft. (Underwood), type ;

one ? from Chimbo, August 1897 (Rosenberg) ; one S from Raramba, Ecuador,

and one 6 from R. Dagua, Colombia (Rosenberg).

Sometimes the whole of the forewings beneath, and the marginal and outer lines

of hindwings are deep rosy.

Pogonogya gen. nov.

Forewings : triangular ; costa straight, convex before apex, which is produced,

especially in the c? ; hindmargin oblique, slightly prominent at vein 3.

Hindwings : with hindmargin rounded and slightly prominent in the middle,

more strongly in the S ; inner margin in the S thickened and furrowed, the furrows

beneath and the marginal edge with expansible tuft of long hairs.

( 159 )

Aiiteunac filiform, in S pubescent ; palpi ipiite short ; hind legs of c? aborted,

of ? long, the tibiae with a pair of very short apical spurs ; abdomen of J long,

with the anal segments well developed.

Neuration : forewings, cell about half as long as wing ; first median nervule at

two-thirds, second at eight-ninths ; radials normal ; 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked from before

end of cell ; 11 from one-half, bent down towards but not anastomosing with the

stalk of the others : hindwings, in the cJ, with 0, 7 and 3, 4 loug-stalked ; in the

? 3, 4 hardly stalked ; 6 and 7 coiucideDt throughout.

Type : Pogonogya rufulata sp. nov.

The coincidence of veins G and 7 in the hindwings of the ? is curious ; I have

seen only this one ? ; and further examination may prove it to be merely an accidental

peculiarity, but I do not expect so ; the two 6 S have identical neuration throughout.

10(3. Pogonogya rufulata sp. nov.

Forewings : reddish ochreous, dusted with reddish, especially along the hind-

margin beyond the outer line ; costa narrowly red ; cell-spot indistinct, reddish ; only

the outer line distinct, from five-sixths of costa to inner margin just before anal

angle, above which it is curved outwards ; fringe red. In one S there are traces ou

the inner margin of an inner and a median line. In the ? the marginal area is not

more tinged with red than the rest of wing.

Iliiulwings : with the fringe and a short line close to the apex red; the rest

of the wing in the ? like forewiug ; in the S wholly suffused with red, and with

a sinuous postmedian red line ; the furrow above and the hairs of inner margin deep

red ; the hairs in the furrow beneath pale ochreous.

Underside i)aler, tinged with red towards the hindmargin ; thorax and abdomen

like wings ; head, collar, palpi, and antennae all red.

Expanse of wings : 1 7 mm.

Two i S, one ? from Ciudad Bolivar, Venezuela, May and June 1S9S (Klages).

lu7. Polygraphodes denticulata sp. nov.

Forewings: whitish, finely grey-speckled ; the lines blackish, rising from black

costal spots ; first line at one-fourth, bent in cell, then oblique and fine ; median

line thick, dentato-lunulate, stroJigly ontcurvod round the black cell-spot to beyond

middle of inner margin ; outer line fine, black, from two-thirds of costa to three-

fom-ths of inner margin, marked with black points on veins and forming an acute

prominent angle outwards on vein 0, followed by a dark luunlate shade (reduced to

a line be3-ond cell and on snbmedian fold), which forms the inner edge of the very

obscure snbmarginal line ; marginal spots deep black ; fringe white, cherjuercd with

grey between the veins, and with a grey spot in the middle of each whitish interval.

Hindwings : similar, without first line.

Underside dull whitish, with the markings grey and very indistinct. Face and

palpi above brown, whitish below ; vertex and antennae white ; thorax and abdomen

whitish, with grey dusting.

Expanse of wings : J 18 to 22 mm ; ? 24 to 26 mm.

A good series from Parana, Entre liios, Argentina.

( IGO )

Prasinochrysa gen. nov.

Few/rings : with costa straight for two-thirds, then convex ; apex rectangular ;

hinilmargiu curved.

Ilindwings : with apex rounded ; hindmargin curved, somewhat indented before

anal angle, which is square and prominent.

Antennae of cJ subdeutate, ciliated ; palpi porrected upwards, slender, smoothly

scaled ; tongue and frenulum present ; hindtibiae thickened and flattened, covered

with a tnft of hair, hiudtarsi very short and aborted.

Neuratmi : forewings, cell half the length of wing ; discocellular vertical ;

first median nervnle at tliree-fonrths, second sliortly before third ; lower radial from,

above the centre of discocellular, upper from top end of cell ; 7, 8, 9 stalked ; 1(J

from the same point, anastomosing with 11 high up and again shortly afterwards

with 7, 8, 9 ; 7 rising from the end of areole ; the second areole very small ; hind-

wings with the two subcostals from end of cell ; medians and radial as in forewings.

Type : P. eucharis Drury (= Chri/sange detracta Wlk.).

It seems im^wssible to locate this species iu any of the existing genera of

Sterrkinae.

Prospasta gen. nov.

A development of Ptgchopoda Stph., on the lines of ^1. amplipennis Butl.

from India.

(? Forewings ; with the inner margin very short, not more than half as long as

the costal margin ; the hindmargin almost equalling the costal in length, distinctly

sinuous, bulging outwards between veins 2 and 4, the anal angle appearing lobed

and jirojecting over the hindwing.

Ilindwings : of ordinary shape, the ajicx rounded, the anal angle squared ;

a long pencil of hairs from the base lying along the fold within the inner margin.

Hindtibae thickened and flattened, without spurs ; tarsi quite short.

Antennae ciliated ; mouth parts damaged.

Type : Prospasta data sp. nov.

108. Prospasta elata sp. nov.

Forewings : pale ochreous, the markings chestnut-brown ; a spot at base of cell ;

one on costa at one-third, representing first liite, which is slightly curved outwards

and runs to the middle of inner margin ; a small cell-spot ; a sinuous double outer

line from two-thirds of costa to inner margin close before the anal angle, wliere it is

most distinctly marked ; fringe apparently concolorous with ground-colour.

Ilindwings : with a broad central chestnut fascia, commencing narrow before

middle of costa, bnt on inner margin extending from anal angle to one-third from

base ; tlic area beyond it dusted with brown.

Underside wholly ochreous ; the pencil of hairs along inner margin of hindwings

brownish. Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous ; middle segments of abdomen brown.

Expanse of wings : 17 mm.

One J from Paramba, Ecuador.

( Ifil )

Hi'j. Ptychopoda atriseriata sp. uov.

Foreiriiigs : bone-colour, sparsely dusted with black atoms ; tUe Hues marked

witli greyish ochreous scales ; first at one-third, curved, ofteu indistinct, marked also

by three black vein-dots ; median shade broad, parallel to hindmargin, situate at

two-thirds ; outer line at five-sixths, slightly waved, and marked by a very distinct

series of black vein-dots ; snbmarginal line pale, traversing a somewhat darker

marginal area ; fringe ochreous, with small black spots at the base, on the fringe at

the vein ends, not on the hindmargin ; cell-spot black and distinct.

Ilirul icings : similar, but without first line ; median shade embracing the black

cell-dot ; marginal shades darker grey than on forewiugs. In both wings the space

between median shade and exterior line is paler and nndusted.

Underside very similar, with the outer markings distinct.

Face and palpi brown-black ; vertex whitish ; thorax and abdomen ochreous.

Expanse of wings : S 16 mm. ; ¥ 18 mm.

Two S c? from Onoribo, February — March 1893 ; another from the interior

of Surinam, August 1892, and three 6 <? from Paramaribo, December 1892

(C. W. Ellacombe).

110. Ptychopoda flexicosta sp. uov.

Fore/rings : greyish ochreous, dusted and suffused with darker ochreous, or

with dark grey; in the latter case the lines and markings are more distinct ; these

are all parallel more or less to one another and to the hindmargin ; first from two-

fifths of costa to one-fourth of inner margin ; median shade from two-thirds of costa

to middle of inner margin ; outer line irregularly dentate-lunulate, from five-sixths

of costa to three-fourths of inner margin, followed by a narrow pale space ; snb-

marginal line pale and waved between two narrow waved darker bauds ; a slight

row of marginal dark spots ; fringe concolorous, dusted and lined with grey ; cell-

spot dark, distinct.

Uindwinga : similar, without first line.

Underside coarsely dusted with fuscous atoms ; cell-spots and outer lines

distinct ; the marginal spots larger and plainer, at the ends of the veins as well as

between them. Head, thorax, and abdomen like wings. Antennae thick, subserrate,

with bristly cilia.

Expanse of wings : 17 mm.

Five Si from Parana, Eutre Rios, Argentina, two of the darker form, the other

three more ochreous ; the description is made from the darker specimens, as the

markings are apt to become lost in the paler ones. The costa of forewings is convex

near base and before apex, inflected between ; in perfect specimens the wings

present a mealy appearance.

In the forewings the cell is more than half as long as the wing ; the discocellular

short, the subcostal and median veins being both bent inwards towards extremity ;

the lower radial rises from above the centre, the upper radial is somewhat curved

upwards at origin ; veins 7, 8, 9 stalked ; 10 anastomosing with 11 and again with

8, 9. In the hindwings (5, 7 are on a long stalk. Superficially the insect much

resembles some species of the Pyralid genus Mcfasia.

( 102 )

111. Ptychopoda gibbosa sp. nov.

Foreivings : pale brownish oclireons, sprinkled with dark scales ; the lines

obscure, slightly darker than the gronud-ioluar ; tirst line hardly traceable ; median

thick, subdeutate, very oblique below middle, from two-thirds of costa to middle of

inner margin ; outer line at five-sixths, denticulate, the teeth indicated by black

dots on veins ; a pale submarginal band between two darker bands ; fringe

concolorous, with small black dots in it beyond the veins ; cell-spot small.

Iliwhoings : similar.

Underside silky, brownish ochreous, with cell-sj)ots and outer line distinct.

Face, palpi, and forelegs brown-black ; collar ferruginous ; thorax and abdomen

like wings : vertex paler ochreous.

Expanse of wings : (? 18 mm. ; ? 21 mm.

One <?, one ? from St. Andrew's, Grenada, April 1890.

The markings in the t? are less distinct than in the ?. In both sexes the

hindmargin of hindwings is slightly indented beyond cell ; but whereas the shape

of the hindwing in the ? is normal, and the anal iingle well marked, the hindwing

in the d is short and nearly round, both angles being rounded off; the abdomen (tj)

is nnnsually elongated, with spreading anal tuft ; the antennae of c? with short

ciliations ; in both sexes veins 6, 7, of hindwings are on a short stalk. In the ?

the middle spurs of the hind-tibiae are almost obsolete.

112. Ptychopoda indecora sp. nov.

Forewings : dingy ochreous grey, speckled with fuscous ; the lines marked by

rather large blackish spots ; first at one-third, the spots generally obsolete ; median

shade from qnitc two-thirds of costa to middle of inner margin, slightly rufous-tinged

and thicker below ; cell-spot blackish, variable in size and distinctness ; outer line

at five-sixths, the spot on vein 6 displaced towards hindmargin ; fringe concolorons,

with a row of dark dots at base beyond veins.

Hindwings : similar, with a paler submarginal line indicated, between two

submarginal darker shades.

Underside mnch paler and clearer, without dingy dusting ; cell-spots and outer

line very distinct. Head, thorax, and abdomen concolorons ; tips and outside of

palpi blackish.

Expanse of wings : 23 mm.

Two d S, four ? ? from Dominica, March (4), June (1), and November(l) 1897.

The (S (S are paler than the ? ?, and in consequence the markings more clearly-

traceable.

113. Ptychopoda infantula sp. nov.

Forewings: bone-colour, tinged with ochreous ; first line blackish, at one-fourth,

angled below the snbcostal, then oblique ; a similar line, blacker on costa, just

beyond middle; traces of a submarginal line; cell-spot large and black at two-thirds;

fringe concolorons.

Ilinrlwings : with a blackish antemedian line, a large black cell-spot, and traces

of a submarginal line.

Underside much suffused with dull ochreous and grey ; both cell-spots very

large, black. Fare and jialpi blaik-brown ; vortex, tliorax, and abdomen concolorous

with wings ; abdomen with traces of a bhu'lc band in niidille.

( 163 )

Expanse of wings : 1 1 mm.

One ? from the island of Bonaire, Jnly 1892 (E. Hartert).

Forewings narrow, elongate ; costa straight ; apex produced ; hindmargiii

obliqne. Hindwings with inner margin short.

114. Ptychopoda (?) long'ipedata sp. uov.

Foreirmgs : dnll greyish ochreons, thickly sprinkled with dark-grey scales ;

the costa dark grey at base ; Hues parallel to hindmargin, which is very oblique ;

first line indistinct ; median from two-thirds of costa to beyond middle of inner

margin, touching the black cell-spot ; onter line from four-fifths of costa, below

which it is faintly curved, to inner margin before anal angle, denticulate, marked

with black veiu-dashes ; snbmarginal line very indistinct ; fringe grey, with a row

of black dots in it beyond the veins.

Hindwings : the same.

Underside darker, the lines and spots more distinct. Head, thorax, and

abdomen like wings ; face and palpi brown-black.

Expanse of wings : 26 mm.

One c? from Parana, Eutre Rios, Argentina.

The fore and middle legs are very long and slender ; the hind-femora are also

long, the hindtibiae and tarsi are wholly hidden in a tuft of greyish ochreons hairs.

The forewings are elongate, with the apex produced and the hindmargin oblique.

115. Ptychopoda oedipus sp. nov.

Forewings : pale olive-ochreons, the veins rather paler ; traces of an inner line

at one-third, marked by black scales ; at two-thirds a curved slightly sinuous fascia

of black scales, becoming thickened below the middle, edged by a paler line ;

snbmarginal line faintly paler.

Hindwings : similar.

Underside ochreons, speckled with deeper ochreons. Face and palpi dark

brown ; thorax and abdomen like wings.

Expanse of wings : 11 mm.

One c? from Cachabi, low country, November 1890 (Rosenberg).

The hindtibiae of the t? are swollen into a flat pad or cushion.

The species somewhat resembles Pt. monogrammata Guen. in miniature.

110. Ptychopoda pedissequa sp. nov.

Forewings : chalk-white, thickly powdered with greyish ochreons ; the lines of

the same colour ; antemedian curved, at one-third ; an oblique cloudy postmedian

shade from two-thirds of costa to middle of inner margin; exterior line at five-sixths,

subdentate; a snbmarginal line; a marginal line of dark dashes; fringe concolorons;

cell-spot grey.

Jlindwings : with the three outer lines curved.

Underside washed with grey ; the marginal dashes distinct ; head, thorax, and

abdomen like wings ; face above dark brown.

E.xpanse of wings : 12 mm.

Three ¥ ? from Bonaire, July 1892 (E. Hartert), type ; and three ? ? from

Cliuilad Bolivar, Venezuela, May to August 1808 (Khiges).

( 104 )

11 :. Ptychopoda substrigata sp. nov.

Foivir/m/s : chalk-white, sparingly dusted with gi'i'vish ochreous scales ; the

liues grey ; first curved at one-third, second at five-sixths, dentate-luuulate ; the

dusting thicker in the central area towards the lines ; a small black cell-spot ;

a greyish ochreons band before hiudmargin, separated from the cater line by a

white band without darker dusting ; marginal .dots small, dark ; fringe white,

dusted with grey.

Ilinduings : whiter, less dusted ; outer line browner ; cell-spot and marginal

dots as in forewings.

Underside white, slightly dusted ; both wings with a broad diffuse straight

brownish submarginal baud ; cell-spots and marginal spots distinct. Head, thorax,

and abdomen white.

E.xpause of wings : 10 mm.

One ? from faraua, Entre Rios, Argentina.

118. Rhodostrophia obscura sp. nov.

Forewings : pale grey, thickly covered with dark-grey scales ; no first line

visible ; a very indistinct darker median shade, parallel to hindmargin, passing jnst

beyond a cloudy dark cell-spot ; onter line fine, blackish, from four-fifths of costa to

three-fonrths of inner margin, irregularly waved and obscurely subcrenulate, edged

by a slightly paler space, beyond which the marginal area is darker grey : marginal

spots linear, blackish ; fringe grey.

Hind/rings : paler grey, with traces only of two submarginal lines above

anal angle.

Underside pale glossy grey, with onter line of forewings darker. Head, thorax,

and abdomen pale grc)', speckled with darker ; vertex, top of face, and base of

antennae whitish ; face and palpi dark brown.

Expanse of wings : 28 mm.

One <? from Chili.

Of the same size and shape as 7?. chih'nnria Blanch. {Acidalia), but more

sombre in colour.

Tricentra gen. nov.

Forewings: with costa shouldered at base and curved just before apex whicli

is slightly produced ; hindmargin decidedly bent at vein 3.

lUndwings : with hindmargin irregular, bent at vein 6 and again at vein 3,

subcrenulate : the anal angle strongly marked.

Antennae of S thick, ciliated ; palpi short, porrcct ; hindlcgs of J not

aborted, the tibiae with three spurs.

Neuration: forewings, cell about one-half : discocellnlar vertical ; first median

at two-thirds, second at seven-eighths ; radials normal ; 7, 8, U stalked ; 10

anastomosing with 1 1 and again with 8, 9 ; hindwings with G and 7 from upper end

of cell.

Type : Tricentra Jliti-imaiyiiutta sj). nov.

( 165 )

119. Tricentra flavimarginata sp. no v.

Forewings : deep vinous red, dusted with, darker ; blackish along basal half of

costal area and along hindmargiu ; a blackish line at one-fourth of costa to oue-

fourth of inner margin, angnlated outwards in cell ; a blackish crenulated line

outcurved from two-thirds of costa to snbmedian fold, then vertical to inner margin

at three-fourths ; a subdentate blackish submarginal line parallel to the last ; hind-

margin with the fringe bright j'ellow, except at extreme apex and at the bend at

vein 3, where the blackish scales extend across the fringe ; two small white cell-dots

on the discocellular.

Hindwings : simOar, but the yellow margin hardly interrupted, the edge of the

dark marginal area irregularly creunlate ; cell-dots as in forewings.

Underside paler and duller ; a i)ale streak on discocellular. Thorax and

abdomen duU vinous red ; shoulders blackish ; head damaged, but apparently black ;

antennae red.

Expanse of wings : 19 mm.

One <? from Paramba, Ecuador, Jan. to May 1897.

Superficially somewhat recalling a Chrysocraspeda.

Xenostigma gen nov.

Like Anisodes in shape and markings of wings, but the palpi more like those

of Hetcrephgra ; second joint long, squamous, obli({nely porrect in front of face,

third joint minute, hardly visible ; antennae of S subserrate, with regular cilia ;

hind-tibiae and tarsi of S aborted, a long pencil of hair from the femoro-tibial joint.

Neuration : forewings, cell abont half as long as wing ; discocellular somewhat

inangulated ; first median nervnle at four-fifths, second at seven-eighths ; radials

normal ; 7, 8, 9 stalked from well before end of cell, 10 a little before them, 1 1 from

one-half; 10 anastomosing with 11, and again with 8, 9, forming a double areole.

Hindwings with veins 3 and 7 close before angles of cell.

Type : A', peiftisaria Wlk. {Ephyra, ?').

120. Xenostigma perfusaria.

Ephgra ? perfusaria Wlk. xxii., p. 634.

Walker's type is without head, and otherwise not in perfect condition. I have

therefore thought it useful to redescribe the species shortly from a fresh i , from

Ciudad Bolivar, Venezuela, May 18!I8 (Klages).

Forewings : pale wood-colour, dusted with darker, and suffused towards hind-

margin with rufous ; first line at one-fourth, much outcurved, indicated by three

blackish dots on subcostal, median, and snbmedian veins respectively ; second line

from just beyond middle of costa to beyond middle of inner margin, also strongly

outcurved, jiarallel to first line, lunulate outwards ; third line at three-fourths,

marked by distinct black vein-spots, which represent the teeth of the deuticulations ;

submarginal line very obscure, preceded by a dark clond on costa, three confluent

blackish blotches between veins 4 and 7, and another at anal angle; an oblique

blackish triangular streak from apex to the subcostal blotches ; marginal lunules

distinct, black, with slightly paler edging; fringe concolorous, with black dots

beyond the veins ; cell-spot small, whitish, edged with rufous.

Hindwings : cell-spot largo, oval, black-brown, with a few pale scales at centre,

12

( 166 )

lyiug lietwcen straight autemediaa and median parallel dark lines ; the rest as in

forewings.

Underside paler, less dusted, with dark cell-spots and onter dotted line in Loth

wings, the forewings with a straight dusky median shade. Face and paljii externally

blackish ; vertex, thorax, and abdomen like wings ; abdomen with the segmental

divisions dark.

Expanse of wings : 26 mm.

AValker's type was a ? from Veneznela.

Subfamily TEPHROCLYSTIINAE.

Phaulostathma gen. nov.

ForeicinflS : triangular ; costa nearly straight, faintly incurved at middle ;

hindmargiu long, obliquely curved.

Ilindwings : very small ; costa and hindmargiu curved ; all the margins

fringed.

Palpi long, porrect, thickly haired, terminal joint indistinct ; forehead produced

below ; antennae of S strongly ciliated.

Neuratiou as in Tephroclystia.

Type : Phaulostathma dis/ormata Dogn. (Eupithecia).

Stenopla gen. nov.

S Forewings : elongate-triangular ; costa straight ; apex prominent ; hind-

margin oblique, curved towards anal angle.

Ilindivings : narrow, almond-shaped ; apex prominent ; inner margin short

and densely fringed ; hindmargiu curved from the somewhat pointed apex.

Palpi rostriform, porrect, twice as long as head ; antennae broken ; abdomen

elongated, with anal tuft strongly developed ; hind tibiae with four spurs.

Xeuration : forewings, cell three-fifths of wing ; discocellular straight, oblique ;

first median at four-fifths, second close before third ; radials normal ; areole simple ;

7, 8, 9 stalked; lU, 11 stalked, 10 anastomosing with (>, 'J ; hindwings with lower

arm of discocellular very oblique, reaching to three-fourths of wing, S anastomosing

with 7 for three-fourths of cell ; 0, 7 stalked ; medians as in forewing, all three

very short.

Type : Stenopla virescens sp. nov.

121. Stenopla virescens sp. nov.

Forewings : olive-green ; the lines black, sharply angled below costa ; first

close to base ; second and third, forming the edges of the central fascia, at one-third

and two-thirds ; the space between basal patch and fascia, and the interior itself of

fascia, dusted with fine black scales, and with fine but obscure parallel transverse

lines ; a darker band with waved edge beyond second line, touching the obli(iue black

cell-spot ; snbmargiual line obscure, i)recedcd by dark patches at costa, beyond cell,

and above anal angle ; fringe olive-green.

Ilindwings: greenish grey, with traces of two darker central lines and a

cell-spot.

Underside of both wings greenish ochreous ; the lines indistinct and dull.

Head, thorax, and abdomen green ; anal segment with a dark spot.

Expanse of wings : 26 mm.

One (? from Santos, Brazil.

( 167 )

122. Tephroclystia dentosa sp. nov.

Forewings: dull dark greenish, covered with dense iron-grey suffusion and

crossed bj- nnmerous strongly dentated blackish lines, finely edged with paler scales ;

a blackish snbmargiual band between the outer and submargiual lines, interrupted

above by a paler obliijuo space from the apex ; a small pale spot on margin at anal

angle ; marginal line black and thick, interrupted by pale spots at the vein ends ;

fringe pale greenish cherpiered with dark grey.

Ilindwings : similar ; the inner marginal half of wing paler.

Underside paler, more yellowish, with all the markings blackish and distinct.

Head, thorax, and abdomen yellowish green, mottled with blackish.

Expanse of wings : 2.5 mm.

One ? from Paramba, Ecuador.

The palpi are long and porrect, with the terminal joint short. In the single

specimen the thorax and base of forewings are ochreous yellow, but this colour is

almost certainly due to the effects of moisture.

123. Tephroclystia fumimixta sp. nov.

Forewings : dull olive-green, suffused, except towards bindmargin, with smoky

olive-fuscous, which almost obliterates the markings ; submargiual line pale,

lunulate, the lunules partially filled up with darker ; marginal line obscurely dark,

interrupted by a small pale dot at the ends of the veins ; fringe concoloroi;s.

Ilindwings : with traces of several transverse slightly waved darker lines, one

postmedian being broader than the rest and mure conspicuous.

Underside dull greenish cinereous, with traces of darker shades, which are

most distinct at costa of forewings. Head, thorax, and abdomen olive-green, mixed

with fuscous.

Expanse of wings : 24 mm.

One ? from Azalar de Carthago, Costa Rica, 5000 to 6oOO ft. (Underwood).

124. Tephroclystia praelongata sp. nov.

Forewings ; pale ashy grey, dusted with darker ; the lines very faint and fine ;

the inner at one-third, the median, the exterior at two-thirds, and the submarginal,

all bent in beyond the cell and then parallel to bindmargin ; cell-spot and marginal

spots black, distinct ; fringe pale grey.

Hindwings : more whitish in the costal half ; speckled with grey along inner

margin, where there are traces of the commencement of four dark lines.

Underside of forewings grey, of hindwings whitish, without markings. Head,

tliorax, and abdomen grey.

Expanse of wings : IS mm.

One ? from Chili.

Forewings very narrow ; bindmargin very obliipie, as long as inner margin ;

hindwings elongate, almond-shaped.

125. Tephroclystia purpureoviridis sp. nov.

Forewings : pale green ; the markings dark jjnrplish ; a tine curved dark line

close to base ; a broad curved central fascia formed of four slightly creuulate diffuse

purplish lines separated by whitish green scales, the band nearest base considerably

( 168 )

obliterated b}' the grceu gronnJ-colour ; a submargiual line of small purple limulcs

most distinct beneath costa, beyond cell and towards inner margin ; fringe rufous-

pnrplisli.

Ilitiffwinqs : whitish iu basal half, green beyond ; two straight antemedian dark

lines ; a broad pnrplish median band, partially double ; a submargiual row of small

pnrple spots, with whitish edges.

Underside dull purplish mixed with green ; the bands deeper pnrplish. Head,

thorax, and abdomen green ; the palpi porrect, long.

Expanse of wings : 20 mm.

Oue ? from Paramba, Ecuador, Jan. to May 189".

SuBFAMiLT TRICHOPTERYGINAE.

126. Rhopalista albidivisa sp. nov.

Forewings : ochreous, snflnsed in parts with flesh-colonr, olive-green, and

rufous ; basal patch small, edged by an olive-green band with dark margins ;

central fascia with inner baud narrow, olive-green, traversed by three black lines, the

outer band waved and sinuous, projecting in middle towards hindmargin, traversed by

four blackish lines ; central space white from costa to inner margin, containing an

obscure dark cell-spot ; submargiual line lunulate, pale, traversing a mixed rufous

and greenish shade, preceded and followed beyond cell by blackish blotches ;

marginal line black, interrupted ; fringe pinkish ochreous, cher[uered with olive-

green beyond the veins.

Ilin<lwi»(js : whitish, with some greyish scales near base; abdominal tuft

whitish, surrounded by a bed of rufous scales ; fringe white.

Underside ochreous whitish ; the edges of the central fascia indicated on costal

half; a blackish apical blotch traversed by the pale submargiual Hue and stopping

short at vein 4 ; a smaller marginal blotch between veins 2 and 3 ; hindwings with

grey curved submargiual shade ; cell-spots blackish. Head, thorax, and abdomen

ochreous varied with olive-green and rufous scales.

Expanse of wings : 30 mm.

One i from Merida, Venezuela, IGuo m., 1898 (Briceuo).

127. Rhopalista requisitata sp. nov.

Forewings : dull olive-green, crossed by irregular dentate-lnnulate darker green

lines, which along costa and on the veins in places deepen into black ; two basal,

and three extra-basal, sharply auglod outwards on veins and folds, lunulate between;

filled up with deeper green, so as to form two bands, with a paler green space

between and at base ; central fascia with the inner edge formed of three, and the

outer of four dark lines, also deepened into bands by darker green between them,

the outer four running in below middle and coalescing with the inner three, so that

the width of the central fascia on inner margin is only oue-third of its costal

breadth ; space between basal patch and central fascia and centre of fascia itself

above the median pale green; cell-spot linear, black, distinct; central fascia followed

by three obscurely lunulate olive-green lines ; submargiual line dentate, pale green,

indicated mainly by dark-green wedge-shaped blotches marked with black before

and after, these being most distinct at costa and bej'ond cell ; two black marginal

spots at end of each vein, and a black spot beyond each in the pale-green fringe.

( lfi9 )

Ilindwings : clingy greyish white, with some pale rnfous-g-rey hairs in the cell ;

the flock of hair on the snbmeJian fold silky white.

Underside dull dirty white, discoloured with grey ; the forewings with inner

margin, an obscure augulated outer fascia, and the apex paler ; hiudwings with

traces of three cnrved interrupted postmedian fasciae ; the tuft of hair on submedian

fold below ochreous grey. Head, thorax, and abdomen olive-green ; the thorax

deeper green, mottled with blackish scales ; the abdomen paler, with the hinder

edges of segments marked by a double row of dorsal black spots ; the front edge of

the last three segments with a smaller black sjiot in the centre.

Expanse of wings : 48 mm.

Two <S<3 from R. Tauampaya, Bolivia, 1894 (Garlepp).

The forewings are very much like H. /rondo sata Guen.

128. Rhopalista rosenbergi sp. nov.

Foretvings : greyish ochreous, strongly snifused with dull greenish; the markings

brownish fuscons ; these are a basal patch, crossed by two or three dark lines and

edged by an irregularly dentate outer line ; a more or less vertical band before the

middle, irregularly edged on both sides, containing three or four dark waved lines,

forming the inner margin of the usual central fascia ; its outer margin wider,

excurved beyond cell and somewhat greyer and obsolescent below middle ; sub-

marginal line obscure, lunulate, preceded by dark patches on costa, and beyond cell,

these being separated by an oblique pale streak from apes ; the paler spaces before

and beyond central fascia each traversed by two waved and dentate lines ; fringe

greenish, with a pair of black spots at base at the end of each vein ; cell-spot linear,

blackish, placed in the paler centre of the central fascia.

Hindicimjs : sombre grey ; the fringe ochreous with dark spots beyond veins ;

marginal spots as in forewings; tuft of hair on submedian fold large, ochreous; the

inner margin darker.

Underside dingy straw-colour, mottled with fuscons ; forewings with inner

margin broadly whitish ; space between median and fourth median nervnle above

and submedian fold below dull fuscous ; a black apical blotch, leaving apex itself

and a narrow spot on middle of hindmargin straw-colour ; cell-spot black, followed

by three obscnre dark lines below costa ; hindwings with cell-spot, postmedian line,

and marginal fascia blackish ; tuft of hair on submedian fold fuscons. Facf , palpi,

and vertex rather bright ochreous, mixed with fuscous scales ; thorax dark brownish

olive ; abdomen ochreous, varied with rufous and fuscons scales.

Expanse of wings : 3.5 mm.

One t? from Chimbo, Ecuador, Angnst 1897, 1000 ft. (Rosenberg).

This species, named after the collector, is near R. (/azapina Dogn., from Loja,

but that has yellowish hindwings.

129. Rhopalista undulosa sp. nov.

Foreivings : pale greyish green, crossed by bands formed of fine black waved

and crennlated lines ; basal band consisting of three such lines, the outermost twice

carved outwards ; inner edge of central fascia a band of three lines ; outer edge also

of three, but the outermost of these three bent outwards away from the other two,

marked with dark veiu-dashes, and separated from the others by a fine greenish

( 170 )

line ; submargiual line irregularly waved, pale, preceded b}- three black interrnpted

waved lines, of which the (mtermost is thickest and fills np some of the Innnles

with black ; pairs of black dots on hindmargin at the cuds of the veins ; fringe

green, chequered with dark beyond veins ; cell-spot small, blackish ; the fascia

between basal patch and central fascia is traversed by a central blackish and two

greenish lines, most distinct on costa.

Ilindwings : whitisli, with pale grey narrow snbmarginal band and faint

marginal dots in pairs; fringe whitish; abdominal area greyish-tinged; the tnft

of hairs ochreous.

Underside dirty whitish in forewiug ; traces of the three outer lines of central

fascia ; cell-spot blackish, linear ; costa dotted with black ; a blackish apical blotch,

not quite reaching the apex itself, through which the snbmarginal line is marked

by four pale spots ; hindwings clearer white, with dark cell-spot, dotted postmedian

line, and distinct submargiual band ; fringes of both wings whitish, with interrupted

blackish marginal line at base. Face, pali>i, thorax, and abdomen pale green ;

abdomen dotted with black and with a black basal band beyond metathoras ;

vertex paler.

Expanse of wings : 40 mm.

One c? from Castro, Parana, September 1898 (E. D. Jones).

The green both of wings and body is very apt to fade into ochreous.

130. Rhopalodes seminivea sp. no v.

Foretoings : silky whitish grey, with a faint olive-green tinge ; the basal patch

and central fascia filled up with olive-green and grey mixed in places with rufous ;

basal patch with the inner two-thirds olive-green, crossed by three or four black

curved lines, the outer third paler, separated from the inner part by a curved pale

Hue ; curved band between basal patch and central fascia whitish green, traversed

by two darker lines ; central fascia with three dark lines on its inner edge and four

on its outer ; the central area generally paler, and partially annular; on the costa

the fascia is green, becoming rufous in the cell, and below, the veins above inner

margin marked with dark scales ; its outer edge is angled below subcostal vein and

again at vein 4, concave between ; the pale band following it contains two or three

confusedly denticulate green lines ; snbmarginal line white, interrupted, preceded

by irregular dark rufous and fuscous blotches ; marginal area green, with a pale

diffuse oblique apical streak ; pairs of black dashes on margin at the ends of the

veins with submargiual dashes between them, these last often connected with the

dark outer edging of the luuules of the snbmarginal line ; fringe olive-green mottled

with darker beyond the veins.

Hindwings : pure satiny white above and below.

Underside of forewings glossy, whitish towards inner margin, smeared with

dark grey towards costa ; external lines of central fascia, and the submargiual fascia

on the costa bright red, as are the subapical veins, between which the white

submargiual line is preceded by a blackish cloud. Head and thorax mottled light

and dark green ; face paler ; abdomen ochreous grey.

Exjianse of wings : 3.5 mm.

Two Sd from R. Tanampaya, Bolivia, 1894 (Garlepp).

Smaller and much more delicate than /?. j/fifrata Huell.

( 171 )

131. Rhopalodes variegata sp. nov.

Foretvings : whitish ; the transverse lines olive-green, slightly dusted in parts

with pale brick-red scales ; basal patch pale brick-red, narrow ; central fascia