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NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE.

Vol. IX., 1902.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE.

H journal of Zooloo^

IiV C0N2fECTWy WITH THE TRING MUSEUM.

EDITED BT

The Hon. WALTER EOTHSCHILD, Ph.D.,

ERNST HARTERT, and Dr. K. JORDAN.

Vol. IX., 1902.

(WITH TWENTY-EIGHT PLATES.)

Issued at the Zoological Museum, Tring.

TKIXTED BY HAZELL, W.ATSON & VINEV, Lu., LONDON AND AVLESBUKV.

1902.

CONTENTS OF VOLUME IX.

GENERAL SUBJECTS.

P.\QES

1. Aus den Wanderjahren eines Naturfor.scheis. Ernst Hartert. II., III., IV.,

V. Abschnitt, pp. 141—160, 193—339. (Plates I.— V.).

2. Furtlier Notes on the Fauna of the Gahipagas Ishmds. " Intro(hictorv Remarks,"

and "Field-Notes on the Tortoises of the Gahlpagos Islands," by I!. II.

Beck, pp. 373— 3.H0. Walter Rothschild and Ernst 1 UitTKifi'.

(See also pp. 133, 419, 020.)

MAISIMALIA.

1. On some Mammals fi-om Coiba Island. Oldfield Thomas . . . 13.5—137

2. Notes on certain Jlonkeys now living in the Zoological Society's Menagerie.

R. Lydekker 138—140

3. Two new subspecies of Protehs. Walter Rothschild 443

4. De.scriptions of two new Hares from Egypt. W. E. de Winton . . 444—445

5. On some Mammals obtained by the Hon. N. Oliarles Rothschild from Okinawa,

Liu- Kin Island.s. J. Lewis Bonhotr •I'.i'i — G'2S

(See aLso Hartert, pp. 155— 1«0, 193, 229, 230, 249, 253—255.)

AVES.

1. On the Birds of the Orinoco Region. Hans von Behlepsch and Ernst

Hartert. (Plate XII.) 1—135

2. Li.st of a Collection of Birds made south of the Issik-Kul in llnssian

Turkestan. Walter Rothschild . ..... Kil^lGS

( vi )

PACES

3. The Wings and the Skeleton of PfiaUierocoraj- liarrisi. II. Gauow. (Plates

XIV., XV.) 169-176

4. Etudes sur les Trochilidcs olwerves iiii Poiim p;u- (J. A. Bat-r (1901) — 1901).

EuoENE Simon . 1"7 — 18.3

5. fjisto iler Vogel von Deli, N. l». .Sumatra. Ernst Hahtebt . . . li)t— 'i^O

6. Die init Siclierlieit fe.stgestellten Viigel iler Inseln Aniba, Ouiaoao iniil lionaire.

Ernst Hartert 295— .'i09

7. Einige kiirze Notizen iiber die Viigel iler Oegond von Mazagan im niittleren

.Marokko. Ernst Hartert :i2L' -339

8. Fiirtlier Note.« on (lie Fann.'i of the (iahipago.s I.slauds. Notes on Biids.

Walter Rothsiiih-p and Ernst Hartert. (Plate X.) . . . 381 — 418

9. The Birds of tlie Kangean I.sland.s. Ernst Hartert. (Plate XIII.) . 419—4+2

10. A Review of the Species of Shrikes of the genus Lttnius. (Pl.-ites

XXIV.— XXVITI.) W. It. OgilvieOkant 449—486

11. On Birils from Pahang, l'jist«>rn Malay Peninsuhi. Ernst Hartert . 537- 08O

12. List of a C'olle<-tion of Birds made on Ysabcl I.sland. WAi,Tf;R KoTnsfiiiLn

and Ernst Hartert, (Plates \ll. and XI.) 581—594

l.i. List of a small ('ollei-tion of Birds made on Treasniy Islaml, Solomon Isl.-snds.

Walter Rothsciiu.d and Ernst Harteut 594

14. Some fiuthc r Notes on the Birds of North-west Ecuador. Ernst llAinEitT.

(Plate VIII.) 599—617

15. On the Birds coUecttMl l.y William Dohtrty in the Kiknyn Mountains,

near E,scarpment Staticju, British East Africa. Ernst Hartert.

(Plate IX.) (;20— 625

(See also pp. 225, 238, 242, 255, 266, 269, 275, 321.)

REPTIIJA.

1. Teatudo yalapayoetms. Albert Gunther. (Plates XA'I.— XXI.) . . 184—192

2. Note regarding Testiulo elep/iantopiis. ' Walter Rothschild .... 448

3. Further Notes regarding Teetudo elephnnlojnis. Walter RoTHSiniLn . . 618

4. Description of a New Species of Gigantic Land-Tortoi.se from the GaUpngos

Islands. Walter Rothsiiiild 619

(See also pp. 294, 373-380.)

( vii )

PISCES.

PAGES

1. Third Notice of New Speeies of Fishes from Morocco. (Plates XXII., XXIII.)

AUBERT GiJNTHEn 't'^S — 448

(See also p. 285.)

LKl'IDOPTEHA.

1. DrepannlUlae, Thyrididae, Ifraiiiiilite, and (.'eimipfridiia. W. VN'ahrf.n . :H0— 372

2. New African DrepaHiiUdd'', 'J'/ii/rididiie, Ejiijilemidde, and Geometridae.

W. Warren 487—536

3. Some New N.E. African Lipidoptera discovered by Oscar Neumann.

Walter Rothschild 595—598

(See also pp. 231—234.)

LIST OF PLATES IN VOLUME IX.

Plate I. Pfllanzeihiuis zu Piingey, Laukat, iSumatia. (Repioduction of a photograph.)

(To face p. 150.)

„ II. Battak-Doif in Deli, Sumatra. (Repi-oduction of a photograph.) (To face

p. 151)

„ 111. Waldbach in Deli, iSumatr.i. (ReproLluctiun of .-i photograph.) (To face

p. 148.)

„ IV. Sumatran Elephant. (UeproJiicUon of a photograpli.) (To face p. 151.)

,, V. Am fusse des Giinong Ijan, Perak. (Reproduction of a photograph.) (To

face p. 23-i.)

„ VI. Der Kinchinjunga von Darjiling aus,. (Reproduction of a photograph.)

(To face p. 258.)

,, VII. New Birds from the Solomon Islands : Mij^onida eichIior}ii, II ijpiichariiiosijna

meeki. (By .J. G. Keulemans, coloured by hand.)

„ VIII. New Ecuadorian Bii-d : Piltasoma rufajjikaium. (By J. G. Keulemans,

coloured by hand.)

„ IX. New African Bird ; Laniarius doheriiii. (By J. G. Keulemans, coloured

by hand.)

„ X. I'/uthtcrocoriLi- harvisi. (By J. G. Keulemans, coloured by hand.)

,, XT. New Birds from the Solomon Islands. {Cei/x meeki, PilUi iiiteri/t/ira.) (By

J. G. Keulemans, coloured by hand.)

„ XII. Orinoco Birds (Xenopsaris albinuc/ui, I'hnpophaga cherriei, •ialtator orenu-

wiisis.) (By J. G. Keulemans, coloured by hand.)

„ XIII. Jll.ior/iis priHirilr.!, M. eceretti, .\f. flaoicollis. (By J. G. Keulemans,

coloured liy hand.)

XIV. "I

* JOsteology of Phahicrocorax. (By K. Wil.-on.)

,, XV. J

XVI.

„ XVII. /■

„- XVIII. "

„ XIX.

XX.

„ XXI.

„ XXII.

„ XXIII. /'

Plates XXIV.— XXVIII. Heads, wings and tails of Grey Shrik&s. (.1. E. Lodge.)

-Carapaces of Tesludu ijalujHiyueiisis. (J. (Jreen.)

Osteology of Testado ydajxiijoensiti. (-J. Green.)

New Moroccan Fishes (I'tcfoCKpuclii iit<ir<iccu/ui, /larhiui riijijenhaclii).

EEKATA AND ADDITIOTs^S.

1'. 2[>, uo. 1)7, read : J'aroari'/ i>i;/roi/ei<'/.s (Lafr.), instead of Faroaria

niyrogeni/s Lafr.

P. 41, no. 142, read : l'haeomi/ia.'< hiromta (Cab.), instead of Fhnf.omyinf.

incomta Cab.

P. 56, uo. 196, read : I'lichyrJiampkus utricupillns (Merrem), instead of

I'achyrhamplma atrkapiUiM Slerreiu.

P. 61, no. 214, read :

Philydor rufipileatus consobriuus tSe.l.

[Amihiilcs riijipHealuf, Pelz., Silziin;/sbrr. Ah. Wmi xxxiv. ( 1K5'.I| p. lOll (Pari).]

Phihiibir r.mmhriims Sal., P. Z. ti. 1K7(1 p. :«8 (ex Bogotii coll.).

It was first tliouglit tliat tlie sjieeimens from the Caura River and Suapnre

differed from both P. rafijAleatas and consobriuus, therefore Berlepscli and

Hartert gave a diagnosis, as if it was a new form. They, however, discovered

their mistalie while the article was passing through the press, but inadvertently

called the form Ph. consobriuus rufipileatus, instead of Ph. rufipileatus coisobrinus.

Both Berlepsch and Kellmayr have re-examined the ('aura and Snapure specimens,

and found them indistinguishable from true Ph. cori-wbrinns. Berlepsch has

also examined the type of rufipileatus, which is very similar, and therefore

P. consobriuus seems best placed, for the present, as a subspecies of rufipileatus.

P. 67, instead of Demlrocinda read : Dendrocincla.

P. 225, line 12 from bottom, read: " iibrigen," instead of " iibrigens."'

P. 266, line 5 from bottom, read : "Thai," instead of "Theil."

P. 290, line 24 from top, read : " Ort," instead of " Art."

P. 292, line 3 from bottom, read : " wohlschmeckenden."

P. 293, line 1 from top, read : " mitgonommenen."

P. 293, line 16 from top, read: "rieth," instead of " rieht."

P. 304, line 11 from bottom, after " ich " add: " Uber letztcres."

P. 3U4, line 12 from b(jttom, read : " KiiuzcLen."

P. 481, add;

52«. Lanius phoenicuroides.

Ltiiiim 2)lioetuciirtts Severtz. (iiec Pall.), TnrLesl. Jiruluii- pp. ii7 & 144 (l>*i.S) ; Dresser, Ihh 1876.

pp. 185 & 186 (Thian-shan Mts. 7000— 8<)00 ft.).

Lan'nis pknenirur/tt; var. moittana Severtz., 1, c. ; Dresser, Ibi:^ I'S76. p. 185.

Lanius phoenictirus var. rufii:eps Severtz. (//*•'• Bechst.) 1. c. : Dresser, Ibh 187(1. \t. 187.

Lunim pJwenicuroidcs Severtz., ./. /'. (). 1H73. p. :U7. (Descrip. null. ; name foundetl ou his

L. jihoenicuniH, vide supra).

itlnmchi iihociiicuroides Schalow, J. f. <). 187.J. p. 148 ; Gadow, t. c. p. 278 ; Hogd., t. c. p. 14. PI. I.

figs. "2 & 3.

( xii )

Oloinrlii /ik'ieiiieiiroides subsp. mmnntiwi. Bogd., t. c. pp. 14. l!l. "Jill & 215.

Olomfln phoeniciiriiiiIeK subsp. knreliiii Bogd., t. c. pp. 14. 23. 201. 202 & 21ti.

Otoiiiela i-aiia Zarudny. Mafrrial. Kcniilnis. Faun. FIni: liiiss. Rekhi. Zonl. Tcil. ii. p. 1!14 (IStMi) ;

cf. Oni. Mimiil^b. v. p. 183 (1897) (Transcaspia).

Ailiilt male. — General colonr alxivc lirown, sometimes with a slijiiitly nit'ou.-i

tinge ; forehead and top of the head dull vinaeeniis-red ; nimii, n|i|)er tail-edvcrts

and tail chestnut (in one adnlt male tVom the (ioolis Jits., Soniaiihmd, tlie miihlle

jiair of tail-feathers are dusky towards the extremity, and the outer pair have a

snhterminal bar or blotch of brownish black) ; a narrow band of feathers across

base of culmeu, as well as the lores and ear-coverts black ; superciliary strijies

])nre white and well marked, uniting with one another in a narrow band across

the forehead: nnderj)arts jiure white tinged with j)ale rufous on the flanks;

primaries black with white bases, forming a well-marked spectrum, which extends

about <i-3 in. beyond the greater covert.

Total length ca. T-o in. ; wing 3-7, tail ',Vi, tarsus M.

Adult femfilc. — Similar to the nude.

Immature bird. — Similar to the adnlt, but the fealliers of the head, cheeks,

sides of the neck, breast and flanks are as usual more or less l)arred with dusky ;

tlie white base to the primaries is absent.

Ilah. North East Africa and South West and ('eiitnil Asia, ranging westwards

to Abyssinia and North Somaliland, southwards to Southern Arabia, eastwards

to Afghanistan, and northwards to the Kirghiz Steppes.

A quite young bird [Djarkeud, August 15th, Zarudmj (Mns. Rothsch.)] has

most of the up]ier]iarts more or less indistinctly barred witli dusky ; the foreliead

is whitish and the ear-coverts reddisli brown ; the greater coverts and innermost

secondaries rufous with pale edges and a snbmarginal black line ; the chest,

sides and flanks with dusky concentric markings : the tail-feathers are tipi>ed

with whitish butf, and have a subterminal A-shaped black bar.

YoiirKjcr hird.s, also from Djarkend [Mus. Kothschild], killed on April Sth

and May 13th, have nearly assumed adult plumage, but may still be distinguisheil

from the adult by the paler colonr of the crown, which still bears traces of

indistinct cross-bars, the white lores, red-brown ear-coverts, and by the dusky

bars and markings on the sides of the neck and breast.

Through the kindness of Professor Reichenow I have been able to examine

the type specimen of L. /dwe/iir-urotdes Severtz. — a tiiale from Turkestan,

April loth, Fedtschenko coll. ; this bird has the crown of the same dull vinaceous-red

as specimens in the British Museum collection. Specimens from East Africa

differ somewhat in having the crown dull lilac-brown. 1 have examined the

male obtained by Mr. 0. Neumann at Teita, which difi'ers from all the specimen-

in the ]?ritish Museum ; these range from North Somaliland, Abyssinia to Arabi.

Persia, Turkestan and Afghanistan. Mr. Neumann informs us that all the East

African birds ilitfei' constantly in the lihic-brown colonr of the crown, but without

additional material it does not seem to me advisable to separate them, as it docs

not seem clear that the difference is not due to season.

P. do."), line I at bottom, read: " ]ierspicillata," instead of " pci'cispilhitu."

21 APR.:.>J

\b

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE,

Vol. K. APRIL, 1902. No. 1.

{ip^.^'i^ ON THE BIRDS OF THE ORINOCO REGION.

By count HANS VON BERLEPSCH and EKNST HARTERT.

(Plate XII.)

THE following articles are principally based on the extensive collections of

lieantifully prepared birdskins brought together in 1897, 1898 and 1899 by

Mr. George K. Cherrie and Mrs. Stella Cherrie on the Orinoco River.

The first station was made at Altagracia, about 16iJ miles west of (Jindad

Bolivar or Angostura, the well-known capital of the Orinoco province. The country

at Altagracia, as near Ciudad Bolivar, is vast rolling prairie. Then the collectors

liroceeded to Quiribana de Caicara and Caicara, farther uj) the river. The country

there is already very hilly. From Caicara Mr. Cherrie followed the Orinoco, which

there turns to the south, till Ferico. Perico is near the former site of Atures. The

latter jdace, according to Mr. Cherrie, no longer exists, except on maps. Atures

was above the first rapids in the Orinoco, while Perico is just below them. The

country for a radius of six or eight miles round Perico is exceedingly arid. " Nothing

but bare rock, large areas without vegetation." There are, however, a few wooded

valleys, but the chief resort for birds is the unhealthy, narrow strip of woods along

the Orinoco. The next station where Mr. (Jherrie collected is BEaipures, not very

far from Perico ; then follows HEuudnapo. This place, and the country farther up

the river to the San Fernando de Atabapo region, is very diflereut IVom all the

former places visited. The fauna presented to the collector a very different aspect.

The country is dense virgin forest, mostly land that is flooded when the river is at

its highest. Mr. Cherrie writes in one of his letters that Munduapo was the first

place where he found the Formicariidne numerous, both in species and in individuals.

Only a few birds were collected farther upwards than Munduapo, but from the latter

place the collector, though much hampered by fever and revolution, sent a fair

collection.

Mr. Cherrie also sent some nests and eggs, wliich are most conscientiously

collected and in every case accompanied by the parent birds.

The skins have been divided between the Rothschild and the Berlejisch

Museums, unique specimens, however, being in the former collection, where also

the nests and eggs are preserved. The latter have been described (by Hartert)

in every case, whether formerly known or not.

Besides the Cherrie collection, the Triug Museum has received a considerable

number of skins from Mr. Samuel M. Klages. They are partly from Ciudad Bolivar

or Angostura, partly from a place called Suapure, on the Caura River.

Quite recently the Tring Museum has also received a collection of 1800 skins

from La Fricion, the ITicare (Nichare), a tributary of the Caura, and La Union, on

^ 1

( 2)

the Caiira River. These skins were collected by Mr. E. Andre, and are of much

interest, provinfr, as the)- do, together with those from Mr. Klages, that the ornis

of the Canra Hiver difters to a certain extent from that of the Orinoco Valley.

Unfortunately, liowever, tlie far better part of Mr. Andre's collections, namely

that made above the rapids and falls of Para, on the upjier Merevari and on the

grand isolated mass of Mt. Ameha, has been lost.

All the collectors were more or less unlucky. Mr. Cherrie and his wife

suffered severely from fever, for which the Orinoco has a very bad rejmtation, and

both he and Mr. Klajjes were considerably troubled, and liad many losses and

annoyances from some of the endless revolutions for which Venezuela is so notorious.

Mr. Andre, through a serious accident in the rapids, lost the important collections

of birds, plants and minerals from Mt. Ameha, jihotngraphs, notes awl provisions,

and very narrowly escaped starvation.

A short resume of the results of the study of these collections will be given

at the end.

1. Tardus gymnophthalmus Cab.

Turdtu rjynuiophlhalmu.' Cab. in Srhomh. /irise Brit. Guiana iii. (1848) p. S6.5 (ex La Guaira,

Caracas, Cayenne).

(Jaicara : February, March, May. " Iris chestnut. Feet smoke-grey. Bill dusky

olive buff with light edges. Bare skin around eye citron-yellow " (Cherrie).

Quiribana de Caicara : April (C;herrie). Altagracia : January (Cherrie).

Maipures : December (Cherrie).

(Nos. 8555, 0843, ln255, li)25(i, 10257, 102.58, 10259, 10284, lo204, 10200,

10207, 10298, 10290, lii30ii, 10341, Io5fi2, 10603, 1143(5, 12295 Cherrie coll.)

Ciudad Bolivar : June, December. " Iris mahogany red. Feet light grey, toes

slightly tinged with red. Bill light yellowish green at base, shading off into

the pale vellow colour of the tip. Bare skin around eyes light greenish yellow "

(Klages).'

A nest with two eggs was found by Cherrie at Caicara on May 10, 1808, on

a horizontal branch of a tree, six feet from the ground, in dense undergrowth. It

resembles a small blackbird's nest, the cup measuring only 9 to 10 cm. across, and

being 5 cm. deep. It is lined with coarse routlets. The eggs are indistinguishable

from small examples of a certain very common variety of eggs of Tardus pilaris,

being light greenish blue with reddish brown patches and some underlying mauve

spots. They measure 30 by 20-2 and 29-5 by 20-8 mm.

2. Turdus albiventer Spix.

Turditt alhivejiter Spix, Av. Bras. i. (1824) p. 70 (ex prov. Minas Geraes and Para).

Caicara : February, March. " Iris vandyke-brown. Feet smoke-grey. Bill

mouse-grey with yellowish edges " (Cherrie).

Altagracia : January, February, December (Cherrie).

(Nos. 8673, 8985, 9763, 9797, 9986, 10104, 10128, 10129, lii251, 10252, 10253,

10254, 10291, 10292, 10293, 10339, 10357, 10394, 10818 Cherrie coll.)

Ciudad Bolivar : August, November, December (Klages). " Iris dark yellowish

orange. Feet grey. Bill brownish black with a marginal line of yellow-grey,"'

( 3 )

3. Turdus fumigatus Licbt.

Turdusfutiiigatus Licht., Verz. Doubt. (1823) p. 38 (ex " Brasil ")•

Nericagna : April ; Maipui-cs : December (Cherrie).

Muuduapo : Februar}'. " Iris vand3-ke-browii ; feet smoky-grey ; bill mouse-

grey."

(Nos. 11588, 12074, 12350 Cherrie coll.)

The specimens collected liy Mr. (,'berrie seem to agree with e.xaiuples from

Bahia, Brazil. There is perhajis a lighter form of this species inhabiting Trinidad

and the Orinoco delta.

4. Turdus phaeopygus Cab.

Tui-diis phampijgns Cab., Schomb. Rciae Brit. Guimia III. (1848) p. GG6 (Brit. Guiana).

Mountains west of Suapnre (Klages) : April, May. " Iris light yellowish brown;

feet S ' darker yellow ' (sic ?), ? light grey ; bill black, mandible pale yellow

at tip."

La Pricion on the Caura River : <? 19, ii. 1901 (E. Andr^).

5. Turdus aliciae Baird

Turdus aliciae Baird, Cass., Lawr. B. N. Am. (1858) p. 217 (Mississippi region to Missouri), f

Quiribana de Caicara : April ; Maipures, December (Cherrie).

(Nos. 10739, 11621 Cherrie coll.)

Nicare and La Pricion on the (Jaura River : January, February (Andr^).

6. Mimus gilvus melanopterus (Lawr.) (?)

[Turdus ijib'us Vieill., Ois. Am. sept. II. (1807) p. 15 (Cayenne)].

Mimus iiiilauojitirus Lawr., Ann. Lye. N.Y. V. (1849) p. 35 (Venezuela).

Altagracia : November, December ((Jherrie).

Quiribana de Caicara : April (Cherrie).

Maipures : December (Cherrie).

(Nos. 8482, 8483, 8517, 8620, 8673, 8677, 8769, 8875, 8876, 8891, 8892, 8933,

8934, 8935, 8983, 9028, 9099, 10807, 11426 Cherrie coll.)

Ciudad Bolivar : June, July, August, December (Klages).

Cherrie calls the colour of the iris " clay colour," Klages calls it " citrine,"

" lighter grey " (juv.), and "yellow-grey," and in one, which he marks as being

" remarkable on account of the colour of its eyes," he describes it as " 3'ellow-

orange."

Mr. Cherrie took a clutch of three eggs ou April 21, at Quiribana de Caicara.

They resemble the well-known Mimus eggs, and measure 27 by 19-5, 256 by 19-6,

and 256 by 198 mm.

c?(? ad. al. 119,117, caud. 130, 128, 127, culm. 21, 20|, tars. 35^ (*«), 36

115,112. 125,120. 20i, 20 (4i«), (to), 34.

? ? ad. 114,114, „ 130,130,128, „ 20|, 19A, „ 34J, 33, 32J,

112,108. 116. 19, 18J. 32.

* As typical habitat accepted : Bahia.

t As typical habitat accepted : Mississippi.

(4)

Length of white tip to ontermost tail-feather 44 to 39 mm.

Compared with specimens from British (iuiaua and with a skin from Snrinam

(in Mns. H. v. B.), the Orinoco birds ditfer in the following particulars : The npper

parts are of a mnch clearer grey, or of a much less brownish tint, the white apical

portions of the outer tail-feathers are longer and the bills shorter and weaker.

The type of M. melanopterus Lawr. might have come from the coast region of

Venezuela. In that case Orinoco skins ought to be compared with examples of that

special country. Specimens from Cuiuana have bills of various length, and in that

respect are often similar to exami)Ics of il. gilvus roxtrntus from C'nrafuo which

nevertheless show the upper parts always of a darker tint.

7. Donacobius atricapillus (L.).

Turdus atriropillus, Linn., Si/nt. Nat. ed. xii., I. (17(5ti) p. 295 (ex Brieaon, hab. Cap. bon. spei —

errore. We substitute Eastern Brazil.)

Mato River: J ? 3, 7. iii. ICon. "Iris light yellow orange, feet grey, bill

black." (S. M. Klages).

The male has two white-tipi)e(l feathers on each side benind the upper ear-

coverts. There is also in the Tring Museum a sjiccimen with indications of a

white line behind the eye from Venezuela, and one with an incomplete white streak

from Peru, another said to be from Bahia. This would indicate that JK (dhorittatus

Lafr. & d'Orb. (from Bolivia) is merely a subspecies.

S. Campylorhynchus griseus (Swains.).

Funiiirins ijrisens Swainson, Anim. in Menag. (1838) p. 3"25 (Savannahs of Guiana)

Altagracia : <? 17. vi., S 23. xi., '''Z. xi., ? (i. xii., S S. xii., <? ? 22. xii., ? i). xi.,

cJ? 25. xi., ? 22. xii., ? 1(». i.

Caicara: S 28. ii., c? ? 27. vi., nest and eggs. "Iris vandyko-brown (seal);

feat slaty ; bill black above, jiaie below."

(Nos. 8542, S67(j, S7S4, SSOo, S846, 8847, yu54, 9055, 9096, 9307, 9355, 9356,

9357, 9358, 9609, 10300, 10305, 10306, 10977, 10978 Cherrie coll.)

Swainson's original description leaves no doubt that the birds which are named

bicolor in the British Museum (from Guiana) are his c/riseus and not those called

griseus in that Museum. Our birds from the Orinoco agree perfectly with those

from Guiana in the British Museum, there erroneously named bicolor.

Mr. Cherrie writes: "A nest was taken {S and ? shot) at Caicara on

June 27. Both parents were mnch excited and scolded me soundly. The nest was,

as usual, old and (lilaj)idated, while a now nest was witliin four inches on the same

small tree. The nest was only abont eight inches above the ground. The eggs

were incubated." The eggs, five in number, are of a glossy brownish brick-red,

darker spots being traceable. Others are whitish red, the brick-red j)atches leaving

some of the ground-colour free. They measure: 24o by I8v"), 245 by 174,

24 by 17-5 mm.

Another nest was found on April 10. It is a large loose oval structure, about

26 cm. long, with the entrance laterally near the top, as in our wren's nest, and

composed of dry grass, The three eggs ave similar to tliose described above.

( 5 )

9. Campy lorhynchus minor (Cab.).

BeUodtjtes minor Cabanis, Mux. Hein. I. p. 80 (1851) (Venezuela).

Ciiidad Bolivar: c? jnv. 1. x., cJ c? ad. 0. xii. "Iris dnll light brown : feet

dark grey ; maxilla black ; mandible greyish white, margined with black, brown at

tip." (Klages").

Borlepsch has compared the type of Heleodyte.s minor, kindly lent by

Mr. Heine, and found it to agree fully with our specimen from Ciudad Bolivar.

Hartert compared these specimens with a skin from Carip6 and found them

quite similar, except that the latter is of a deeper rufous on the back and rump.

Berlepsch examined the type of C. hicolor Pelz., belonging to the Vienna

Museum, and found it identical with specimens received in Bogota collections.

C. bicolor has the npjier )>arts of the body blackish brown as in C. minor ( 'ab., from

which it ditfers mainly in its larger size, and in the want of the rnfescent edgings

to the wing feathers.

l'>. Campylorhynchus uuchalis Cab.

Ctimjjylorhynchus ?iiichal>s Cabanis, Urn. Xol. in AriJt.f. Xatitry. xiii. (1847) p. 206 (" Venezuela ").

Altagracia : cJcJ? 3. i. (in moult), cJ I-"*, xi., 6 <S 19. xi. (all in much worn

plumage, partly moulting).

Juv. (with the pileum uniform blackish brown) (Altagracia) (J? li). xi.,

6 18. xi., ? Caicara 24. ii. " Iris pearl-grey ; feet slate ; bill blackish above,

greyish below, and with pale edges."

(Nos. 8635, 8636, 8637, 8638, 8716, 8722, 8723, 8783, 8976, 9051, yll4, 9115,

9482, 9483, 9484, 9485, 10238 Cherrie coll.)

11. Henicorhina leucosticta (Cab.).

Cijphorhinus hurostktus Cab. Orii. Notiz. in Arch. f. Nalurg. xiii. (1847) p. 206 (ex Guiana*

and Papantla in IVfexico.)

Nicare, Canra R. : 6 ad. 18. i. 1901 (E. Andre coll.).

Agrees perfectly with specimens from Bartica Grove, Rio (Jarimang and

Camacusa, collected by the late H. Whitely in British Guiana.

12. Microcerculus caurensis sp. n.

M. corpore supra rufesccnti umbriuo-bruniieo plumis singulis a])ice indistiucte

nigro marginatis, gula jugulo jiectoreque fumoso-griseis, gnla pallidiore, ventre

rufo-brnnneo, medio griseo mixto et indistiucte fusco fasciato ; alis tectricibusijue

alarum superioribus majoribiis nigro-brunneis, tectricibus majorilms fascia lata

anteapicali alba, mediis punctulo albo ad apicem signatis, rectricibus obscure

brunneis, lineis indistinctis nigris fasciatis. Subcandalibns rnfo-brunneis indis-

tincte nigro fasciatis et pallide brunneo variegatis, maxilla nigra, mandibula pallida

apice fnsca, pedibus fuscis.

Al. 61J, caud. 22^, culm. 16i, tars. 21^ mm.

Obs. M. M. bamhla dicti affinis, sed gula jngulo pectoreque pallidioribus

grisescentibus absque fasciis nigros, corpore sujira pallidiore et rufescentiore nee

regulariter uigro fasciato, fascia tectricum iilarum alba multo latiore, necnon

mandibula pallidiore distinguendus.

* We fix P.l■ili^h fTuia;i;i as the typic.il habitat.

( c>)

Habitat in regione fl. Orinoco or. : ilistr. Ciuira.

Typns in Mns. Tring.

Nicare, Canra: ? 18 Jan. U)i)l. E. Andr^ legit.

This bird, of which M. Andre obtained bnt a single specimen, seems to be

closely allied to .1/. bumbla from Gniana and J/, alboyiihiris from Ecuador. From

the former it differs by having the throat whitish grey and the foreneek and chest of

a mnch paler grey, with bnt very slight indications of dnsky bauds ; by the abdomen

being very indistinctly banded with brownish cross-bars ; by the upper parts of the

body being of a mnch lighter and more rufescent brown, with very slight indications

of blackish edgings to tlic tips of the feathers ; also by the white wing-bands being

a little broader, and by the presence of distinct small white spots at the tips of

the medium upper wing-eoverts, which are altogether wanting or only indicated in

M. bambla. From ^f. ii/boi/ii/iiris it difters by the throat being not pure white, but

]iale or whitish grey, by the shorter wing, shorter tarsus, less barred breast and

abdomen, and more rufescent uppersid(>.

13. Thryophilus albipectus (-'ab.

Thryophilus albipectus Cab. in Schomburgk's Ji,:se Guimm iii. (1848) p. 073 (Cayenne).

Snapure on the Caura R. : S 2u. xii. 99. (S. M. Klages coll.)

La Pricion, Canra : December, January, February, 1900, 1901.

La Union, Canra : December (cJ). (E. Amlre).

Nicare : c? 18. i. 1901. (E. Andr6).

"Irides brown: upper mandible black, lower grey; feet and toes medium

grey." (E. Andrt?).

U. Thryophilus albipectus suljsp.

(Cf. anteA.)

<S Perico: 2o. xi. ISOS.

<3 Maipnres : 0. xii. lM9S. "Iris (iu both) mummy brown ; feet plumbeous;

bill blackish above, slaty below."

(No8. 1129:5, li:i.").5 Cherrie coll.)

The two skins from Perico and Maij)nres, collected by Mr. Cherrie, closely

resemble typical Thr. albijjeetus, but are mnch deeper rufescent on the sides of the

body, thighs, vent and under tail-coverts. The wing seems to be about 3 mm.

longer, the ujijierside, especially the rump, very dee]) rufous.

Vs'e refrain for the present from bestowing a name on this subspecies, and we

trust that a review of the genus T/iri/op/iilus,hy Mr. Carl Hellmayr, which we under-

stand is passing through the pres.s now, will soon enlighten us on the various species

and subspecies of this interesting group. We may, however, mention that the

birds from the Peruvian Amazons (Ucayali, Pebas, etc.), which are united with

albipectus in Cat. Ji. Brit. M/is. vi. p. 207 (there erroneously called li'/fcotix), are

different again, being very dark, very short-winged, and very closely barred on the

wings.

15. Thryophilus albipectus hypoleucus Berlp. & Hart.

[Thryophihis albipectus Cabanis in Srlmmhurrik's lirisr (liiiinni ili. (1848) p. C73 (Cayenne !!].

Thr. albipectus hypoleucus Berlepsch & Hartert, Bull. li.O.C, vol. xii., Oct. liKll.

Thr. Thr. albi pectus dicto siniillimus, diflert corpore sul)tus fere omuino albo,

hypochondriis crissoque solnniinodo rnfestenti-olivaceo tinctis, corpore supcriore

( 7 )

etiam pallidiore, minus bninnescente. Habitat in regione flnminis Orinoco centialis.

Ti/pus in Mus. Tring, S Altagracia, G. i. 1898, no. 9550.

There is no doubt, in our opinion, that the name Thr. albipecfus must be

accepted for the form inhabiting the coast regions of Cayenne and (xuiana, and that

Lafresnaye's name T. Ifnrotis [h'i'r. Zool. 1845 p. 338 — " Colombia ant Mexico" !]

belongs to a different form. Tiie description " snpra griseo-mnrinns " \_Lf.~\ does

not at all agree witli the birds we call (ilhijjectus. Thr. leucotis proper is evidently

a mountain form from Colombia, which is not rare in Bogotii collections (Mus. Tring

and Berlepsch), but before tlie type of Lafresnaye is studied it will be somewhat

difficult to apply his name correctly.

The distribntion of Thr. alhipectus and its allies is most interesting, but at

present somewhat puzzling. The typical (dhi pectus in our sense inhabits the coast-

region of Cayenne and Britisli Uuiana (<Juonga, Annai, Whitely coll., in Mns.

Berlepsch and Mus. Britann.). Berlepsch and Hellmayr have examined entirely

similar examples from the IJio Negro and Rio Branco, and Hartert has before him

a dozen specimens from Nicare and La Pricion on the npper Canra River

(collected by Mr. E. Andre of Trinidad), and one female from Snapure on the

Caura River (Klages coll., Mus. Tring), which agree fully with typical albipectits.

There are also occasionally specimens fonnd in Bogotii collections, which are very

much like typical alhipertas, but their exact locality is of course not known.

From typical alhipectus our large series of Thr. alhipectus hi/poleucus from the

middle course of the Orinoco differ at a glance by their nearly uniform white

underside, the flanks and under tail-coverts only being suffused with rufescent-

olivaceous. The npper surface is also paler, not so deep rufous-brown. In some

specimens there is a very slight rufescent suffusion on the breast. A quite young

bird (Altagracia, 12. xi. 1897, S , No. 8593, Cherrie coll.), has the breast and

abdomen as whitish as adult birds. We have the following specimens before us : —

Altagracia: t? 6. i. (type), cjc? 11. xi., (?;? 4. xi., c? 7. i., SS juv. 12. xi.

(somewhat more rufous on the abdomen, but very slightly so), ? ? ad. 4. xi. (very

much worn), ¥ 28. xii. (in moult) (all Cherrie coll.).

Caicara : ? ¥ 7. v., ? 17. iii., S 21. ii. (Cherrie coll.).

Quiribana de Caicara : ¥ 5. iv. (Cherrie coll.).

Ciudad Bolivar : 3 ? May, December (Klages coll.).

Mr. Cherrie marks the iris as " mummy brown ; feet plumbeous ; bill blackish

above, slaty below."

The wings of our males measure 00^, GO, G5^, 04 mm.; tails 48J, 48, 47J,

45^ mm.; culm. 18J, 18^, 17i, IGi mm. ; metatarsus 23J, 23, 23, 22J mm. ¥ ¥ :

wing, G2, 60J, GO, GOi mm.; tail, 40i, 4G, 44, 45 mm. ; culmen 17], IGi, IGf,

16| mm. ; metatarsus, 22),, 21. f, 2U mm.

(Nos. 8459, 8460, 8461, 8508, 8593, 8594, 8725, 9294, 9436, 9437, 9438, 9550,

9570,9655,9701, 9789, 9923, 10195, 10510, 10516, 10612, 10900, 109oO, Cherrie

coll.)

16. Thryothorus griseipectus caurensis subsp. nov.

[Thryothorus griseipeclus Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., vi. 1881 p. 236 (Naiita, Peruvian Amazons).]

Thryothorus, T. griseipeclus dicto simillimus, sed corporis lateribus minus

rufescentibus, pileo obscuriore, rostro inferiore nigrescentiore distinguendus.

The specimens from the Canra River are very closely allied to typical

Thr. griseipectus, but the abdomen is greyish white, or whitish grey, only the

( 8 )

sides Ileitis washed with nifons 1)rowii, wliilc in typical Thr. qrisripcctus the sides

are chestiint nifoiis, and the greyisli white urea in the middle of the abdomen is

more restricted. The nuder tail-coverts in the Canra birds are also mostly less

rnfons, more brownish, uniform in some, move or less barred in others. The under

mandible appears ipiite whitish in all the Nauta specimens, slaty or blackish grey

iu those from the Panra. In the skins there is no marked difference in tiie

colour of the npper and under mandibles, while in the Nauta skins the upper

mandible looks blackish, the lower one whitish. The crown is darker, more

blackish brown, in the f'anra skins. In the majority of sjieciraens the ear-coverts

are also more strijied with wliite, and the back is darker rufous, but these two

characters are not evident in all individuals.

From Thr. amazoniais Sharpe our T/ir. gris. caiirenxiii differs at a glance by

tlie greyish, not rusty fulvous abdomen, more greyish chest and smaller bill.

Hartert lias com|iared the type and a co-type (the latter in tlie Tring Museum)

of Thr. nimtzonieus and a series of eight T/ir. yr>!«'ipi'ctMS, all from Nauta. He,

however, is not quite certain, that Tlir. umazonicus (with a fulvescent chest) is

different from Tlir. ffriscijiccfiii^, which, like our caureyi.v.s, has a greyish chest.

Thr. (/eniharbif: and its allies can easily be distingnished by the sharply defined

white malar stripe which is separated fmin tlie throat by a black line.

Hub. ('aura River, type 3 Nicara, VZ. i. UiUl.

La Union, Canra R. : S ad. 18. xii. 1900 (E. Andre.)

La Pricion, ('aura R. : 2 December, February, 1900, 19(il. (E. Andre.)

Nicare, Canra R.: J ? , IL', 18. i. 1001. (E.Andre.)

" Iris brown, npjier mandible black, tip of lower black, rest silvery gre}', feet

dark slate.

" Iris brown, upper mandible black, lower dark grey, feet greyish-brown."

IT. Troglodytes musculus clarus uom. nov.

[Troglodytes musculus Naumann, Vdg. Dnitschl. iii. (1823) p. 724 (table) (Bahia !).]

' T. rufulus aut., nee Cab., ex Guiana !

T.furvus aut., ex Guiana.

Altagracia : c? J ? 22. xi., S 20. xi., 3 c?(? 2. xii., S 6. i., S ? 30. xi., J 17. xi.,

6 16. xi., cJ :. i., ? 9. ii., ? 26. xi. (Cherrie).

Cindad Bolivar : S ? 25. vi. ; Suapure : ? 22. vi., S 26. \-ii. (Klages). " Iris

dnsky brown, seal-brown, dark sepia ; feet dusky slate, or plumbeous ; bill

blackish above, slaty below " (t!herrie).

La Pricion : Canra R. c? xii. 190O. (E. Andre.)

(Nos. 8469, 8528, 8668, 8680, 8756, 8786, 8787, 8861, 8943, 8944, 8973, 8974,

8975, 9125, 9405, 9549, 9563, 9083 Cherrie coll.)

T. m. rhiriis is a new name jiroposed for the j)ale form of T. ?n!/sciili/.'i in-

habiting British Guiana and the Orinoco region of Venezuela and perhaps Trinidad

too {ti/pe: in Mus. Berlepsch, Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana ad. 27 November 1879,

no. 8578). This form lias been sometimes called T. fiirrus (Gm.), or T. rufulus Cab.

Regarding T. furrus Gm. (based on the Brown Warbler of Brown's Illustr. ZooL,

described and figured witlioiit indication of hiibitat) we agree with Mr. Widmer Stone

{Pr. Ac. N. Sr. Philad. 1899, j). 310) that it cannot be identified satisfactorily, but

regarding T. rufulus Cab. it seems that Mr. W. Stone has overlooked altogether

the remarks on that sjiecies of Mr. Salvin in the Ibia, 1885, p. 201. T. rufuluaVah.,

known to us from specimens collected on the Roraiuia by Mr. H. Whitely, is quite

( 9)

a distinct species, and has nothing to do with T. musculus Nanm. and its allies. It

stands qnite alone, bnt is perhaps nearest to T. sohtitialis and its kindred, being,

however, a giant form in comparison with them.

T. VI. clarus may be known from trne i/ii/sci/liis by the following diagnosis :

T. muscuhis dicto maxime affinis, diftert corpore snbtus fere omnino albescente nee

rnfescente, corporis lateribus et tectricibus suhcandalibus solnmmodo rnfescente

brnnneo lavatis, his distinctius iiigro macnlatis sen fasciatis, corpore snperiore

etiam pallidiore magis grisesiente brnnneo distingnendus.

18. Polioptila nigriceps Bainl.

Polioptila nigriceps Baird, i?(>t'. Amrr. Binh ( 18(54) p. 69 (Mazatlan, Mexico); Hellmayr, Nov.

ZooL. 1901, pp. .B.57. .^58.

PolifipliUt seUiteri Sharpe, Cut. D. Ilril. Mux. x. p. 449 (Venezuela).

Altagracia: 3 cJcf 12. xi., S (>. xi, <S 2."). xi. (monlting), S •^. xi., i 2. xii.,

cT ? 24. xii., i ? 24. xii. (Gherrie).

Maipures : tS (1. i. (( 'herrie). " Iris dusky or seal-brown ; feet slate or seal-

brown : bill black above, deep plumbeous below."

(Nos. 8477, 8491, 8492, 8588, 8589, 8590, 8852, 8919, 8969, 9048, 9226, 9227,

9258, 9315, 9352, 9376, 9378, 9426, 9427, 9440, 10062, 11683 Cherrie coll.)

Cindad Bolivar : ? 28. v., ? 2. vi., S 30. vii., i 30. xi. (Klages).

Snapure : 27. v. (Klages).

Mr. Hellmayr, who has studied the genus Polioptila with great care, is now

convinced that his P. anteocularis is untenable (Nov. Zool., lOiJl, p. 358).

P. sclateri is merely P. 7iigricepa in worn jilumage. Several of Cherrie's specimens

show broad white margins and at tiie same time narrow greyish edges to some of

the secondaries on the same wing.

19. Dendroica aestiva (Gm.).

MoiMcilla aestiva Gmelin, Sysl. Nat. I. (1788) p. 990 (Cayenne, Canada!). (We accept Canada as

the typical habitat.)

Altagracia: S ad. (monlting) 21. i. 1898. "Iris seal-brown; feet dusky

yellowish ; bill blackish slate above, dusky slate below."

" ? " (juv. !) 24. xi., ? ? 25. xi. " Iris seal-brown ; feet dusky yellowish ; bill

dusky above, pale below."

? 3. .xi., ? 12. xi. c? CJun., moulting) 6. i., ? 10. i. (Cherrie).

(Nos. 8452, 8529, 8585, 8813, 8.S44, 8845, 9467, 9523, 9551, OOOO, 9757, 9802,

9851, 9890, 9891, 9908, 9992, 100.59 Cherrie coll.)

Suapure: S 20. xii. 1899. "Iris brown; feet translucent yellowish white; bill

black ; margins and tip of lower bill yellowish."

? 3. iv. 1900. " Iris dark grey ; feet pale greyisli yellow ; bill dark brown

and greyish white " (Klages).

La Pricion, La Union, Caura R., January, February (Andre).

20. Dendroica striata (Forst.).

Muxcieapa striata Forster, Phil. Trans. Ixxii. (1772) p. 406. (Severn River, Hudson's Bay.)

Quiribaua de Caicara ; 3 6S ad. 8. iv., is. iv., 25. iv. : 3 ? ? 18. iv., 24, iv.,

8. iv., ? 10. xii.

Perico <S (juv.) 21. xi. " Iris seal-brown ; feet dusky olive-yellow ; bill bhukisli

above, slaty below " (Cherrie).

( 10)

(No8. 11)054, 10731, 10732, HCM, l(i770, lii777, In77N, lii77'.i, 10S19, 10S20,

10821, 10878, 11300 C'bcrrie coll.)

4 t?(J ad. Snnpnre : April (Klages).

? ? Snapnre : March (Klages).

La Pricion, Canra : February (Aiidrc^).

21. Seiurus noveboracensis (Gm.).

Motudlla uorelioracensis GmeXm, Si/xt. Xiit. i. (1788) p. 9o8 (Louisiana).

Pcrico : J? 21. xi. ''Iris dnsky liiowu or seal-brown; feet drab brown;

bill seal-brown."

Altagracia : ? ? 15. i., 1. ii.

Caicara: ? 5. iii., <S 21. ii., ? 19. iii., S 21. x., S 23. x.

(Nos. 0718, 0022, 10197, 10377, 10382, 10528, 11247, 11257, 113(il, 11302,

11330, 12243 Cherrie coll.)

Pnerto Samoro : ? 24. xi.

Nericagna : c? 24. iii.

La Pricion, ( 'anra : Feliruary (E. Andre).

22. Parula pitiayumi (Vieill.)

Sylria jiitiayumi Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. xi. p. 276 (1817). (Paraguay.)

Altagracia : t? ? 13. i., (? 4. ii. " Iris seal-brown ; feet yellowish drab ; bill

black above, pale below.

(Nos. 9672, 9673, 9990 Cherrie coll.)

In Cat. B. Brit. Miis., x. p. 260 Dr. Sharpe remarks, that the birds from

" Bolivia, Pern, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, and Guiana are darker and more

richly colonred, sliowing a decided ajiproach to P. inprmita" and that " it is to this

dark race that von Berlepsch has applied the name of P. pacifca, the synonyms

appertaining to it having been marked with a dagger." This note is not quite

correct. P. pitiayumi pacifca Berl. from West Ecuador (Mus. Berlepsch, Tring *)

is a very distinct subspecies, showing an approach to P. pitiayumi inornata in the

restrictions of the white on the wing-coverts. The birds from Venezuela and

Guiana, on the other hand, do not at all belong to P. pit. pacijica, having as much

' white as typical pitiayumi from Paraguay. Venezuelan and Gnianan examples

(large series in Mus. Berlepsch and Tring) are perhaps generally smaller and often

richer in colour than Paraguayan and Brazilian ones, and may form anotlier sub-

species, but they belong never to purijira.

23. Granatellus pelzelni Scl.

Granatellua pehelni Sclater, P.Z.S. 18G4 p. 607 (Eio Madeira).

Snapnre : t? 12. ix. 1899. " Iris dark brown ; feet dark grey ; maxilla black ;

mandible dark blue-grey " (Klages).

Mnnduajio : 2 18. ii. 1899. " Iris dark ; feet plumbeous ; bill above blackish,

below plumbeous '" (Klages).

La Pricion, on the Caura River : 4 c?<? ad., 'i 6 <S juv., 3 ? ? ad., February

1901, E. Andre coll. <? ? ad.: "Iris black; upjier mandible blackish; lower

mandible grey ; feet and toes medium grey."

• J'arulfi jjitiat/nmi Hartert. Nov. ZooL. \'. p. -179, refers tu I^. jjitini/itiiii jjaci/ica.

( 11 )

Nicare, Canra : (?<? ad., S jnv., ? ? ad. (E. Andre).

La Union, Canra : S jnv., :.'U. xii. I'.JUO (E. Andr6).

Tlie yonng mnle is like the siiJivAi female, bnt slightly deeper rnst-colonr lielow.

24. Geothlypis aequinoctialis (Gm.).

Mvtacilla (uqiihwrlialis Gm., Si/sl. .\'iit. i. (1781-!) p. 072 (Cayenne).

Qniribana de Caicara : cJ ad. 2 April, c? ad. 27. iv.

Altagraeia : c? ad. 28. i., ¥ 22. i.

Perico: 14. ix., 22. xi. "Iris dark seal, feet olive-bnff, bill black above, pale

below."

(Nos. 9r);i4, f)r.35, finOC, iiGn:, l):4ii, ft:71,i)S02, 1U587, 10845, 11161, 11162,

11310 Cherrie coll.;

25. Basileuterus mesoleucus Sel.

BasiUvtei-vn mesoleurus Scl., P.Z.S. l.Sl',5 p. 280 (Demerara).

Snapure : (? c? 14. iv., 4. ix. '99 (Klages). " Iris grey, feet ligbt yellow-orange,

bill white and lilack."

20. Setophaga ruticilla (L.).

Motadlla Rutirillu LinD., Syst. Naf. Ed. X. i. (1758) p. 186 (ex Cateiiby, Virginia).

Qniribana de Caicara ? 29. 4. '98, cJ 16. iv., ? 21. iv., IS. iv.

(Nos. 10533, 10780, 10877 Cherrie coll.)

27. Hylophilus thoracicus griseiventris subsp. nov.

IHylophUim thnrnckux Temm., PI. Col. 173. fig. 1 (Dec. 1829) (Bre'sil, coll. batterer).]

H. B. Ihoracirns dicto simillimus, differt abdomine pure albo-griseo nee fulvesvente lavato, colore

viridi pectoris obscuriore et angustiore nee ad latera corporis produeto, alis caudaque mnlto

brevioribus, rostro attamen longiore. Suapure : al. 665, caiid. 4G, culm 12^, tars. 18^ mm.

Habitat in Venezuela, Brit. Guiana et in Colombia (?). Typus in Mus. Tring ; cJ Suapure.

Snapnre : c? ? 2. xi. 1899 (Klages). " Iris lighter orange yellow or orange, feet

pale purplish grey, bill, max. and top fif mand. brown, mand. shades off to nearly

white at base."

The pair collected by Mr. Klages at ISnapnre, as well as specimens from British

Gniana (collected by Whitely), are different from a Rio specimen of trne //. tlionicicus

in Mns. H. v. B. by having the abdomen pure whitish ash without any fulvons tint,

in the green of the lireast being darker, less yellowish and more restricted, not

prolonged to the sides of the body, by the wings and tail being much shorter, the

bills on the contrary somewhat longer. A Bogota skin in Mus. Berlepsch seems to

belong to the same race, although it has the occiput much less suffused with greyish

and the under tail-coverts more mixed with yellowish.

Mr. Gadow i^Cut. B. Brit. Mus. viii. p. 307) erroneously described the northern

form (viz. our thoracicus griseieentris) as true H. thoracicus Temm., and believed that

the southern race should be H. pectoralis Scl. This error has arisen from the fact

that Sclater in his original description o<l H. pectornlis in P.Z.S. 1866, p. 321, has

confounded the localities of //. thoracicus and //. pertondis (cf Pelz. Oni. Bras.

p. 711 Anm. 2).

( l:i )

//. pecforalis Scl. is i.ot a sontliern s}M'cies, but, a iiortlierii ami western one,

inhaliiting: Mattogrosso and tlie Amazons, from where it extends to Britisli Gniana.

Berle])sch has a specimen from the latter eonntry, collected hy the late H. Whitely,

whirh proves that //. f/ii»r/, ■/, //.i (/r/.tciiriifiis nml IJ. pictoi-alis are distinct species,

being- found together in the same eonntry. //. pecforalis is easily recognisable by

having the whole jjileum, incimling tlie forehead, of a j)nre grey, while in //. tlioracicm

and in //. tlinrncioiK ijriscirrntri.^ tlie forehead is always olivaceons, the occipnt onlv

being more or less snti'nsed witli dark ^rey, and by the pectoral band lieing of a

much clearer yellow, not yellowish green as in the other sjjecies.

Mr. Andr6 also obtained a mah' of II. Ihoraricus griseiventrin at La Pricion,

\X xii. 1900.

'i^. Hylophilus ferrugineift'ous Scl.

Hylophiluafefriighieifronx Sclater, P.Z.S. 18t)2 p. 110 (Colombia).

Nericagna: S 31. iii., 3 3. iv. "Iris greyish creamy : feet plumbeons grey;

bill above blackish, below greyish drab."

Munduapo : 6 1. iii., 6 \'i. iii. (Cherrie).

(Nos. 1214.5, 12191, 123r)l, 123S1 Cherrie coll.)

Snapure, Canra R. : S 28. .x., 6 10. xi., 4. xi. (Klages);

Nicare : Jannary, La Pricion : December (Andre).

2ft. Hylophilus muscicapinus Scl. & Salv.

Uylopliilua mum-irajiiimx Sclater & Salvin, Aoiiiencl. Ai; Xrulr. (1873) p. 15G (Cayenne).

Suapure, Canra R. : c? 12. v., e? 6. xii., ? 24. iii. "Iris brown ; feet light grey ;

maxilla brown-black ; mandible white at base, slightly more greyish at tip "

(Klages).

La Union and Nicare on the Canra (Andr*^).

30. Hylophilus flavipes acuticauda (Lawr.)

\_Hyloi)Mui>flaripfs Lafr., l{n\ Zool. 1845 p. 342 (Bogota).]

Hylophilus acuticauda Lawr., Proc. Ac. Sat. Sc. Pliilad. 18G5 p. 37 (Venezuela, coll. Nash).

Altagracia: ? 5. i., <S 15. i., ¥ 24. i., "?"jnv. 24. i., S 31. i., c? juv. 5. ii.,

<J (ad.) o. ii., tJ 29. xii. (Cherrie).

(Nos. 8fir)3, 9270, 943.">, 9319, 9.")20, 971(), 9781, 9782, 9783, 9784, 9909, 9944,

10019, 10108, 10144, 10277, 10518, 10642 Cherrie coll.)

Caicara: <J 2. ii., (J 16. ii., <S 18. iii., ? 26. ii., S 7. iv. " Iris drab ; feet pale

flesh-colonr ; bill dusky above, pale below." Very old birds have tlie bill nearly

quite black, young birds pale brownish (Cherrie).

Ciudad Bolivar : ? ad. 29. xii. " Iris brown ; feet light sanguineous grey ;

maxilla black ; mandible black with light grey tip."

? jnn. 30. xi. " Iris brown ; feet pale purplish grey ; maxilla brown ; mandible

whitish" c?? 13. vi. (Klages).

These birds with dark brownish but!' underparts agree well with Lawrence's

description of //. acuticauda, and are quite distinct from the very yellow //. hi/po-

xanlhus Pelzeln, with which they have been frequently united.

( 13 )

Mr. Allen {Bullet. Am. JIii.i. T. //. XIII. (1900), p. 172) has put H. acuticauda

Lawr. as a synonym of H.flaripes Lafr., having compared the types of both these

species.

While we fnlly agree with Mr. Allen in his statement, viz. that H. acuticauda

Lawr. is qnite different from //. auvantiifvom Lawr., with which it has been

generally nnited, it is nevertheless evident that Venezuela specimens (=^. acuticauda

Lawr.) can be always distinguished from Bogota specimens (= H.Jlaripcs Lafr.),

of which we have a large series before us, by having the abdomen much more bniFy

whitish, much less yellowish, and the breast more suffused with brownish grey, less

brownish. The upper parts are also somewhat darker in the Venezuelan birds,

and the feet are more brownish, less yellowish. We must therefore look on

H. acuticauda as a subspecies of //. J/avipes.

31. Vireo chivi (Vieill.).

Sylvia chivi VieUl., .V. D. XI. (1817) p. 174 (Paraguay).

Caicara : S 2. iii.. <J 2s. February, t^c? ? 12. March, S 9. March. "Iris

brick-red ; feet plumbeous ; bill blackish above, jilnmbeous below" (Cherrie).

Quiribana de Caicara : <? 7. Ajiril, ? l.^i. April.

Altagracia : 24. xi.

Ciudad Bolivar : ? ? 8. viii.

(Nos. 8821, 9966, 10126, 10207, 10341), 10399, 10427, 10428, 1(146.1, 10466,

10467, 10468, 10469, 105.54, 10641, 10738, 12421 Cherrie coll.)

Suapnre : <? 29. vii. (Klages).

La Pricion, Caura : February, December (Andre).

32. Vireolanius leucotis chlorogaster (Bp.) ?.

[Mdlii'-onotus leucotis Swains., Aniin. in Memi/j. (1838) p. 341.]

Vireolanius iMorogasler Bonap., O/iiiptex Jlfmius xxxviii. (18.Ti) p. 381 (typ. iu Mus. Brit.,

ex Cayenne).

Suapure: 6 13. April 19iiO (Klages legit) ; al. 70i, caud. 53, culm. 20J-, tars.

22| mm. "Iris light blue-green ; feet grey ; bill, ma.xilla black ; mandible light

grey."

We have no Cayenne specimens to compare with, but the single skin from

Suapure differs from one from Eastern Ecuador by showing the breast and abdomen

of a paler or more greenish yellow, the jugulum and breast being distinctly striped

with greenish spots not to be seen in tlie otiier bird. Furtlier, the green of the

back is somewhat darker, the grey of the pilenm darker and more restricted,

the bill longer and heavier, the tail also longer.

33. Cyclorhis flavipectus Scl.

Cyrlorhis flavipectu.'i Sol., P.Z.S. IS.iS p. 448 (ex Trinidad, Venez., Colomb. litt.).

Altagracia: S 4. xii., ? 15. xii., ? 3. ii., ? ? 6. xi., cf 18. xii. "Eye tawny

ochraceons ; feet pale vinaceons buff ; bill drab above, plumbeous below " (Cherrie).

Caicara : S 2. iii., cj 25. iii.

Urbana : ? 28. viii.

(Nos. 8525, 8987, 8988, 9011, 9022, 9229, 9282, 9468, 9.j22, 96cS7, 9706, 9795,

9960, 10178, 10335, 10557, 11148, 11191 Cherrie coll.)

( H )

Cindad Bolivar : J 3. vi. (Klages).

Simpure : ? 25. v. (Klages).

Some 8i)ecimen8 with a purer grey on the pileiim and less extension of yellow

on breast, with a paler or more greenish tint on it, approach C. (/i/ianeiisis.

A nest was taken at Urbana on August 28 by Mr. Cherrie. It contained one

fresh egg. The nest was placed in the top of a small tree on a submerged island

in the Orinoco, six feet above the water. The parent bird sang at the top of his

voice while the boat stopped to take the nest. The nest hangs in the fork of a

branch, like the nest of the European oriole {Oriohis galhula). Its bottom and

sides are thin, and it is composed of dry grasses and fibres, outwardly sparingly

covered with cotton-wool and little white spider-webs. The cup is about 3J cm.

deep, aud measures about 7 cm. across. The egg is of a quite glossless white,

sparingly covered with small deep red-brown spots and minute dots. It measures

23-6 by Ki-.j mm.

34. Progne chalybea (Urn.).

Hiruiido i-halybta Ginelm, Sii:<t. Nul. i. (1788) p. 1026 (Cayenne).

Quiribana de Caicara : ? ? 20. iv., S 6. iv.

Altagracia : 3 t? c? 24. xii., ? 22. xii.

(Nos. 9349, 9381, 9382, 9383, 9384,9385, 10615, 10632, 10633, 10634 Cherrie coll.)

Suapure ; c? 23. ii., S 8. iv. (Klages).

" Iris seal-brown ; feet blackish ; bill black " (Cherrie).

" Iris brown ; feet and bill black " (Klages).

Two maleii from Altagracia, 24. .\ii., have a large white patch on the side of

the neck, one on the left, the other on the right side.

35. Progne subis (L).

llirumlu Subis Linn., Si/sl. Xut. Ed. X. (17;)8) p. 192 (Hudson's Bay, ex Edwards).

Suapure : S ad. 26. iii., 6 4. iv., ? 4. iv. (Klages).

36. Progne tapera (L.).

Ilirumlo hipera Linn. Sijst. Nut. Ed. XII. i. p. ;il& (1706) (America*).

Caicara : ? juv. 4. vii. (No. 11045 Cherrie coll.)

Suapure : ? ? March 16, ? 30. iv. (Klages). " Iris brown, feet and bill black "

(Klages).

37. Tachycineta albiventer (Bodd).

Ilirundo albicenhr Bodd. Tabl. PI. Enl. (178:i) p. .52 (Cayenne).

Altagracia : c?<? 24. xii., 3 cJ<? 3 ? ? 22. xii., 6 ? 31. xii., ? 4. ii. (breeding).

(Nos. 9340, 9341, 9342, 9343, 9344, 9345, 9346, 9347, 9377, 9378, 9379, 9380,

9470, 9471, 9989, 10234 Cherrie coll.)

Caicara : 6. 24. ii. " Iris seal-brown, feet and bill black."

Mato River : c? ? 24. ii., 6 25. ii. (Klages).

Suapure : c? 31. v. " Ins dark-grey ; bill and feet black " (Klages).

* We substitute the habitat : Brasil. or. (ex Mai'Cgr.).

( 15 )

38. Atticora melanoleuca (Wied).

Hirumlo melanoleuca Wied., Reise Brasil. i. (1820) p. 342 (Rio Belmonte, Brazil).

Caicara: 6 <?<?, 6 ? ?, 12. ii.

Altagracia : tj 22. xii. " Iris blackish ; bill and feet black."

(Nos. 034.S, 10028, 10029,10030, 10031,10032, 10033, 10034, 10035, 10036,

10037, 10038, 10039, 10081 Cherrie coll.)

Mr. Cherrie has sent us a fine series of this rare species, which had not yet been

recorded fi'oiu Venezuela.

Mr. E. Andre sent also eight specimens from La Pricion and La Union, on the

Caura River.

39. Atticora fasciata (Gm.).

Hirundo fascia la Gmelin, Sijst. ytit. i. p. 1022(1788) (Cayenue).

Mato River: 3 (?c?, 2 ? ? 24. ii. "Iris dark brown; feet and bill black "

(Klages).

Nicare,on the Ciuira : id 2ii. i. " Iris dark blue: bill and feet black'" (Andre).

40. Stelgidopteryx ruficollis uropygialis (Lawr.j.

[Hinindo rnfiiollis Vieillot, Nouv. Diet, Hist. Nat. -xiv. (1817) p. 59.3 (Bresil)].

Cotyle uropygialis Lawrence, Ibis 1863 p. 181 (Isthmus Panama).

Caicara : 3 1. iii., S 5. iii,, c? 21. iii., c? 24. ii., ? 12. ii., ? 5. iii.

Altagracia : 4. ii.

(Nos. 9885, 10040, 10236, 10327, 10383, 10384, 10537, 10538 Cherrie coll.)

'• Iris seal-brown ; bill and feet black."

La Pricion, Caura R. : <? 15. ii. (Andre).

41. Chlorophanes spiza (L).

Motacilla spiza Linn. Syst, Nat. Ed. X. (1758), p. 188 (ex Edw., Surinam) excl. var. fi.

(Cf. Hart. Nov. Zoor.. 1898 p. 481.)

Suapnre : <^ ad. 10. xi., S ad. 28. x., t? juv. 23. x., ? 10. xi.

S ad. : " Iris dark red ; feet dark grey ; bill black ; mandible light yellow

orange."

Nicare, Caura : 3 cJcJ, 1 ? 22. i. 1901 (E. Andre).

42. Dacnis cayana (L.).

Motaeilla cayana Linn. Sysl. Nat. Ed. XII. (17i;(3) p. 336 (excl. syn. Hernandez !) (ex Cayenne.

Mexico. Cayenne accepted by us as typical habitat).

Maipnres: S ad. 10. xii., <3 ad. 17. xii., <S ad. 19. xii., 6 2s. xii.. c? 28. i.,

3c?c? 7. xii,, ? 9. xii., ?? (Cherrie). "c?: Iris claret-brown ; feet vinaceous

cinnamon; bill black with basal three-quarters of mandible smoke-grey." " ? Iris

dusky ; feet and bill as in male.''''

(Nos. 11376, 11377, 11378, 11405, 11416, 11504, 11535, 11636, 11789, 12184,

12185 Cherrie coll.)

Suapure : S 28. x., 6 2. i., ? 3. i., ? 4. iv., ? 19. xii. (Klages).

S6 ad., (?c? juv. Nicare, January, La Uinon, December, La Pricion, December

(Andre).

43. Dacnis flaviventris D'Orb. & Lafr.

Dacniaflavhmtris D'Orb. & Lafr., Syn. .Vv. in Maij. ile Zonl. vii. (18.S7) p. 21 (Yuracares, Boliyia).

Nicare Caura R. : ? ail. 22. i. I'.'Ol. '• Irides red, mandibles black, feet and

toes slate" (E. Aiidr^).

Hartcrt has comjiared the ntiiiine specimen from the fknra River with the

series in the British Museum, iiiid found it to agree very well with them.

44. Cyanerpes caerulea cherriei subsp. nov.

[Cerlhia caerulea Linn. Sysl, Xct^ Ed. X. (1758) i. p. 118 (Surinam)].

Ci/anerpef, C. cnerulea microrhijiirha dictae simillimus, sed omnino minor, colore caeruleo subtus

dilutiore, minus violaceo tincto.

Munduapo : cJcJ ad. 20. ii., 6 ad. 2;i. ii. ? 28. ii. 99. Neriiagua : ? 8. iv. 99.

Ti/ptis : Munduapo 23. ii. (no. 12087 Clierrie coll.).

The wing of the Munduajio nudes is only about fiS to oo mm. long, that of

C. carni/ra microihi/nrha Berlp. (./../; 0. 1884, p. 287, typns e.\ Bucaramauga) 50 to

58 ; the tail is about 25 against 28 to 31 in C. c. mivrorhyncha, and the bill is also

shorter. The blue on the uudersurface is slightly lighter and clearer blue, less

tinged with violet. The blue colour of the forehead and cheeks agrees with that of

Bogota specimens, while examples from Pt. t'abello agree in this respect fully with

those from Guiana.

The /ewafes difter from those of typical C. caerulea and ('. caerulea micro-

rhyncha in their smaller size— bill 15, wing 54-5, tail 26 mm. The pale striations

ou the forehead and crown are rather sharp and well developed ; the green of the

ui>perside, esj)ecially on the rump, is apparently a shade darker.

(Nos. 12017, 12018, 12087, 1213(1, 12480 Chcrrie coll.)

40. Cyanerpes nitida (Hartl.).

Coereba iiiliila Hartl., Rev. Zool. 1847 p. 84 (Peru).

Suapnre : c? ? 28. x. 1900 (Klages coll.).

Nicare, Caura H. : % SS 22. i. 1901 (E. Andre).

40. Coereba luteola (Cab.).

Certhiola luUoln Cabanis, Mux. llein. I. (I8.")0) p. 96 ('■ Pto. Cabello ? ")

Altagracia : S ad. 29. xi., S ad. 5. xi., 3 juv. 27. ,xi., c? juv. 24. xi., 6 ad. 13.

xii., S ad. 3. xii., S ad. 7. xii., S lO. xi., S 8. xi., S ad. 17. xi., ad. 5. xi., S 17. xi.,

? juv. 13. xi.

(^aicara : S ad. 28. ii. " Iris seal-brown ; feet slaty ; bill blackish. Iris

dusky brown ; bill black. Iris dark sepia ; bill black."

(Nos. 8479, 8480, 8.ju0, 8o.31, 8617, 8683, 8684, 8788, 8819, 8890, 8922, 8937,

8979, 9003, 9047, 9054, 9072, 9171, 10303 Clierrie coll.)

Ciudad Bolivar: 3 .juv. 29. ix., ? (?) 28. xi., S ad. 30. xi., ? ad. 16. xii.

" Iris brown ; feet and bill black" (Klages).

( 17 )

47. Coereba guianensis (Call.).

Certhiola guiaiuiiwis Cab., .Viis. lln/i. I. (18a0) p. 97, Anm. (Typus ex Guiana").

Snapure, Caura U. : S <S aJ. ? Nov. 189!), juv. 15. v. 1899 (Klages coll.).

(? ad. al. 57i ; caud. 37 ; ouliu. 12 ; tars. 16^ mm.

? ad. al. 52i ; caud. 291 ; culm. 12i ; tars, lo mm.

This form bas been most erroueously united with Coereba ckloropi/qa. The

adult males from Snainire agree perfectly with a male collected by H. Whitely on

the Merurae Mountains, British (xniana. The female has the back of a lighter,

more greyish brown-black, and shows a small white speculum at the base of

the primaries.

4.S. Euphonia chlorotica (L.).

Tanagra rlilnrolini Linn., fiyxi. Nat. Ed. XII. (1766) I. p. 317 (ex Briss.— " Cayenne ").

<!aicara : S <S ad. 26. ii., SS ad. 9, 21. iii., ? ? ad. 2. iii., S juv. 2. iii.

Quiribana de Caicara : S S ad. 8. iv., S ad. 4. iv.

Maipures : ? ad. 19. xii.

Altagracia : ? ad. 2. ii. " Iris dark sepia ; feet slaty ; bill blackish above ;

slaty below " (Cherrie).

The females have the underparts deep yellow, slightly washed with olive on the

breast and flanks, not white in the middle as in C. chl. molaceicollis (Cab.).

(Nos. 9945, 10270, 10271, 10280, 10281, 10346, 10347, 10354, 10424, 10425,

10.536, 10.569, 10609, 10661, 10662, 11091, 11532 Cherrie coll.)

49. Euphonia trinitatis Strickl.

Euphunia trinitatis Striclil,, Cuntr. Orn. 1801 p. 72 (Trinidad).

Cindad Bolivar : 3 ^(? 6, 21. xii., S juv. 16. xii., ? 4. viii. (Klages).

Altagracia : ? ad. 25. xi. (No. 8843 Cherrie coll.)

" c? ad. iris dark brown ; feet black ; maxilla black, except sides of liase,

which are lighter blue-grey ; mandible hght bine-grey except tip, which is black."

Caicara : d ad. 26. iii.; ? 10. iii. (Nos. 1043.S, 10568 Cherrie coll.)

It is remarkable that this species occurs together with E. chlorotica in the

same locality.

50. Euphonia olivacea Desm.

Euphonia olivacea Desm., Hist. Nat. Tang. (1805) pi. xxvii. (descr. ? ) (Typus ex Cayenne).

Euphona minuta Cab. in Schomb. Guiana iii. (1848) p, 671 (deacr. 5 ) (Brit. Guiana).

Nicare, Caura R. : (? 22. i. 1901.

" Irides black, mandibles black, feet and toes slate " (E. Andre).

Agrees best with a specimen from Camacusa, British Guiana (H. Whitely coll.),

but differs by having the abdomen of a somewhat clearer yellow, the white

crissum less shaded with ochre-yellow, and by presenting slightly larger

<limensions.

( 18 )

51. Euphonia violacea (L.).

Fringilla riolareii, Linn., Si/tt. yat. Eii. X. (17.")8) I. p. 182 (H:ib. ill calidis regionibus), typ.

in Mus. Ad. Frid. (We take Surinam as the typical habitiit !)

Sliapnre : S iwl. !». iv., <S ad. 22. iv., ? ad. 25. x. <S ad : " Iris browu ; feet

light grey ; bill black : base of niandible liglit grey along the sides" (S. M.Klages).

La Pricion : (?c? ? ? February, December (E. Andre).

La Union : <? S December (E. Andre).

52. Euphonia melanura ScL

Euphonia melanura, Scl., Coutr. Orn. 1851 p. 86 (Rio Negro).

]\[aipnres : c?? ad. 17. xii., S : " Iris seal ; feet dark slate ; bill black above,

slate-grey l)clow."

(Nos. 114'.Hi, 114ii: Cherriecoll.)

63. Euphouia rufiveutris (Vieill.).

Tnitagra rujioentris Vieillot, Notn: Dirt. vol. x.\xiii. (1819) p. \2(i (Loc. ignot. et " Brosil ").*

Mnnduajm : ad. 24. ii., ? 13. ii., ? 24. ii. " S Iris seal-brown; feet slate-

colour ; bill black ; basal half of culting-edge of maxilla and basal tlnee-fjuarters of

mandible slaty grey."

Nicarc : t^c? ? ? January, La I'ricion : 6S December (E. Andre).

The Munduapo .specimens seem to have rather small bills.

(Nos. 11027, 12il'.io, 1200(3 Cherrie C(dl.)

54. Euphonia chrysopasta Scl. & Salv.

Eujilioiiia clinjsiijKtsta Scl. & Salv., J'.Z.S. ISii'.t p. 4:i8 (rnnjnti and Rio Napo).

■Mai])iires : S ad. l(i. xii., 3 (J t? ad. 17. xii., S ad. 10. xii., ? ad. C>. i., ? ad.

14. xii., ? ? ad. 17. xii., ? 19. xii.

Muiidua])o : S 15. iii. " cj ad. Iris sejiia : feet slate; iiill lilackisli aljuve,

slate below (? the same)."

Snapnre : c? (moulting) 27. vi. (Klage.s).

La Pricion : (J<J ? ? ad. December, February (E. Andre).

(Nos. 11464, 11481, 11482, 11483, 11498, 11400, 11500, llool, 11.502, 11531,

11533, IHiSO, 12211, 12219, 12508, 12500, 12530, 12531 Cherrie coll.)

55. Tanagrella iridina (Hartl.).

Tanagrn iriilimi Hartl., Itir. Zn/il. 1841 p. Mlo (Prov. Sldyobaniba, Peru).

Suapure : c? 3. iv. 1000. " Iris dark grey ; feet and bill black " (Klages).

56. Calliste paradisea (.Sws.).

Agluia panidisea Swains., Clanx. Birih II. (18:'.7) [>. "iSi; (ex Buff. PI. Enl. 127. f. 1.— Cayenne).

C'llllaft' tdtan aut.t

Snapnre : S ad. 6. iii. ; ? ad. 0. iii. " Iris very dark brown ; feet Mack ; bill

black " (Klages).

Nicare (Canra) : 9 <?<? ad., ? ad., and juv., 22. i. (E. Andrd).

• We take Jlin de Janeirn as the typical habitat.

t The specific title tatati Linn, is to he refused because the diagnosis given by Linnaeus is evidently

taken from Slarcgrave's Tangara brasiHimui, which is imihahly = Calli-^tr /iiBtiumi (Less.), the teini

jtselt being chosen from '• Aric«/a ile Taluu" i.f .'<eba, an ob.scurc bird, which is certainly not this species.

( 19 )

57. Calliste xanthogastra Sel.

Calliste xanthogastra Scl. Canti: Orii. 1H51, pp. 23, 55 (Upper Amazons).

Nicare, Canra : ? (imiuatnrc) 22. i. 1901. " Irides dark bine, mandibles black,

feet and toes slate " (B. Andre).

The specimen is evidently not adult. The rump is uniform green, there is no

lihie wash on the back, the yellow on tlie abdomen is rather pale.

58. Calliste cayana (L.).

Tamigra ciii/aim Linn., Si/st. Nat. Ed. XII., I. p. 315 (17(j(i) (e.\ Briss. "Cayenne").

Altagracia : S ad. <>. i., d ad. IT. .\ii., <? ad. 20. xi., c? ad. II. .\ii., cJ ad.

20. xii., c?ad. 22. ii., ? 11. xii., ? 11. i., (J juv. 29. .xii. "Iris dark sepia ; feet

light slate ; bill blackish above, slaty below " (( !herrie).

(Nos. 8702, 9045, 9167, OKiS, 92(56, 9446, 9554, 0631, 9632,9946, 10210, 10338,

10362, 10398, 10519, 10520, 10521, 10679, 11647 Cherrie coll.)

Ciudad Bolivar : <S 30. xi., c? 23. vi., ? 1. xii., ? 20. vii. (Klages).

Qiiiribana de Caicara : ? ad. with nest and egg, 9. iv.

The nest is loosely bnilt of dry twigs, roots and grasses, lined inside with very

fine hair-like grass and large pieces of greenish- white lichen.

The egg is whitish-brown, finely speckled all over, more thickly on the thick

end, with rufous brown, and measures 20 by 151 mm.

69. Calliste mexicana media subsji. nov.

[Tiiiiagra mexicana Linn., Syst. Nat. Ed. XII., I. (ITSIJ) p. 315 excl. syn. Hernand. (Cayenne

e.x Briss., Mexico — errore !).]

(\ C. mexicana dictae simillima differt pectore medio abdomineque intensius

snliihnreis (nee aIbo-snl{)hureis), necnon humeris (tectricibus alarum superioribus

minoribus) purius caerulescentibus (nee viridescenti-caeruleis), colore cyaneo

guJae et capitis laterum quoijue intensiore (intermedia quasi inter <'. mexicana et

(\ vieilloti dictis).

Habitat in regione orenocensi.

Typus in Mns. Tring. S Maipnres 12. xii. (No. 11451 Cherrie coll.)

SS • al. 74, 74, 74, 72, 71 ; cand. 53|, 52|, 52, 50i, 50i ; culm. 10|, 10 J, 10,

9i,9i ; tars. 17i, 17J, 16|, 16|, loi. No. 11461, Cherrie. ? : al. 69| ; cand. 50i ;

culm. 9| ; tars. 16J mm.

Maiirtires : S ad. 24. ix., tj ad. 10. xii., i ad. 17. xii., 3 id ad. 12. xii.,

3 6S 16. xii., ? S 17. xii. "Iris seal ; feet and bill black."

Perico : ? ¥ 2, 4. ix.

(Nos. 11220, 11221, 11451, 114.Vi, 11453, 11473, 11475, 11477, 1147s, 11479,

114SII, 11505, 11506, 116(17 Cherrie coll.)

Tlie birds from Maipures and Perico are intermediate in colour between

specimens from Surinam in Mus. H. v. B. and Tring (true mexicana), and specimens

from Trinidad (and the eastern littoral of Venezuela ?) (= C. vieilloti) \ they are

nevertheless nearer to the former than to the latter. Compared with the Surinam

birds, they show the middle of the breast and the abdomen of a purer or deeper

sulphur yellow (instead of whitish yellow), the shoulder patch of a purer coerulean

blue (not so greenish blue), and the cyanine blue of the throat and sides of the

head also deeper.

La Pricion : (?c? 13. xii. (Andre coll.) These specimens agree fully with those

from Maipures and Perico.

( --io )

00. Calliste nigrocincta (Bp.).

Aglaia iiigrvciiicla Bonaparte, P.Z.S. 1837 p. 121 (Brazil, bordering on Peru).

Suapnrp : S ad. 'iO. v. " Iris lirowii : bill and fcot black." i juv. 2ii. v.,

J jnv. L';i. ii., S -a. ii. (Klages).

Nicare: (?<?? Jaiiuarv, I'.Mil (Andre coll.).

01. Tanagra cana Swains.

Tanagm aina Swainson, Oni. Di-iiw. (1841), pi. H7 (no luibitat given. We take Venezuela as the

typical liabitat).

Quiribana de Caicara : ? ud. with nest and egg, 13. iv.

Altagracia: 3 S <S 12. i., 20. xi., 15. xii. ; 3 ? ? 11. i., 21. xii. " Iris dark

brown ; feet slaty : bill blackish above, slaty below" (Clierrie).

Caicara : d 25. iii. ; ? 15. xii.

(Nos. 8763, 8834, 9228, '.»;!22, '.(323, '.t320, 9020, y027, 9050, 9741, 9889, 9928,

9948, 1008], 10082, lOlOO, 10320, 10550, 10717 Cherrie coll.)

Cindad Bolivar: 3 SS i. x., 23. xii., 2. xii. (Klages).

La Union : <S 18. xii. 1900 (Andre).

Specimens from ('entnil America differ considerably, and may be separated as

T. cana dinconus (Less.).

02. Tanagra palmarum melanoptera (Scl.).

Tanagm mfhumplera Sol., P.Z.S. 1866 p. 2.S5 (E. Peru, etc.).

Altagracia: <? ? 21. xii.

(Jaicara : 6 3. iii., S 6 15. ii., ? 12. iii. (Cherrie).

Cindad Bolivar : c? 2. vii., c? ? 26. xii. (Klages).

" Iris seal ; feet slate-grey ; bill black " (Cherrie).

(Nos. 8790, 9324, 9325, 9320, 10082, 10083, 10084, 10342, 10343, 10361, 10474,

10475, 10523, 10564 Cherrie coll.)

La Pricion : December (E. Andre).

The specimens from the Orinoco and Gniana have very long wings. On a

future occasion we hope to discuss the various forms of T. palmaniin at length.

The nest (parent bird 10717) stood on an oak tree in the open savannah, twenty

feet above the ground, concealed in a clump of small twigs and green leaves. The

parent birds were very shy. The nest is very thick-walled, consisting of dry twigs

and stems of small plants, lined with finer twigs and grasses. The egg (one broken)

is of a dirty flesh-colour, all over thickly covered with liver-brown and underlying

pale purplish grey spots and patches, and measures 231 by 10-8 mm.

63. Ramphocelus jacapa (L.).

Tumiijra jacapa Linn., Syst. Xal. Ed. XII., 1. (17t!(i) p. .il.S. (1. ffni-iuaiii. ex Edwards, 2.

Cayenne ex Brisson).

Perico : c?c? ad., ? ad. 23. ix., S ad. 24. ix., 6i ad., S .juv. 22. ix.

Maipures : 3 ad. 12. xii. ; <3 ad. 24. xii.

Samborge : ? 16. ix.

Mnndnapo : <? juv. 28. ii.

Caicara : ¥ 16. ii.

( 21 )

"Iris seal-brown; feet slaty black: bill above black; basal three-fourths

below of mandible pearl-grey." "Iris bn^bt seal; iris claret-brown. ?, feet

lilackish." (Cherrie.)

(Nos. 10l0.=>, lllOT, 11183, 11184, 11185, 11186, 11187, 11188, 11180, 11200,

11207, 11208, 11214, 11434, 11500, 12138 Cherrie coll.)

Suapnre : cJ (med.) 26. vi. " Iris dull red, like feathers on throat ; feet black;

bill — maxilla black, mandible whitish, tipjjcd with black." J ad. 20. .\., d ad.

4. xii. ; c? ad. 20. xii. (Klages).

La Fricion : (JJ ? February, December (R. Andri).

64. Piranga rubra (L.).

FrhujUla rubra Linn., Sysl. Nat. Ed. X., I. (17."i8) p. 181 (ex Catesby— C«j-o/;)i/(, Virginia).

Piranga aestiva (Gmelin).

Maipures : S not quite adult, moulting, 28. i. '99, ? ? 24. xi. '98, 20. i. '99.

" Iris seal, feet slate-grey, bill above dusky sepia brown, below dusky olive buff."

(Nos. 11327, 11761, 11790 Cherrie coll.)

65. Tachyphonus rufus (Bodd.).

Tanagra rufa Bodd., Tabl. PI. Enl., (1783) p. 44 (Cayenne).

Oriolus melaleucus Sparrm., Mus. Carls., no. xxxi. (1787).

Tachyphonus melaleucus Scl., Cat. B. Brit. Mua. XI. p. 200 (1886).

Caicara : c? ad. 18. ii., J ad. 23. ii., i ad. 30. i., cj ad. 7. iii., ? ad. 15. ii.,

? ad. 23. ii., ? ad. 18. ii.,. ? 7. iii., ? 1. vii.

" i ad. : Iris seal-brown ; feet black ; maxilla black, mandible plumbeous,

with black tip. ? dusky brown ; bill black ; plumbeous at base of mandible ; feet

slate-colour " (Cherrie).

Ciudad Bolivar: i ad. 20. xii., S ad. 1. xii., ? ? 28. xi. (Klages).

La Fricion : cJ ad. 8. ii. 1901 (Andr(^).

(Nos. 10078, 10123, 10138, 10139, 10212, 10213, 10214, 10334, 10363, 10395,

10390, 10422, 11025, 11028, 11029 Cherrie coll.)

66. Tachyphonus luctuosus Lafr. et D'Orb.

Tachyphonus Inctuosus Lafr. et DDrli., .s'//"- *'l ''■ '" Mmj. Znnl. 1837 p. 29 (Typus ex Guarayoa,

Bolivia).

Suapnre : S ad. 13. iv. 1900 (Klages).

La Fricion : c?c? 14. 16. xii. 1900 (E. Andre).

Nicare : $, January lOOl (E. Andre).

La Union : SS \%. xii., ? 20. xii. lOoO (E. Andrt^).

" i Irides chestnut ( ? irides brown), bill and feet dark slate, or black "

(E. AudrtS).

These specimens agree with otliers from Bolivia, though the latter {males) are

generally of a more dead black with less bluish lustre. Probably the two forms

can be separated subspeeifically, but it is desirable to have more detailed knowledge

of the changes connected with age and season.

( 22 )

Cu. Tachyphonus cristatus (Gm.).

Tanagra cristata Gml., .S;/.v^ Xnt. I. 1. (1788) p. 898 (ex Briss. & Buff.— Cayenne).

Suapnre: 2 SS ad. 20 Oct. 19()0 and 21 Feb. ISO'.), ? ? 9. iv., (5. iii. '09.

" Iris brown, feet aud bill black " (Klages coll.)

Al. 78 — 7(i, caud. 07^ — OGi, culm. IT) -14^, tars. \'\ nun.

Nicare : iS 22. i. lOol (E. Andrl:).

\a\ Pricion : 6 1. ii. 19iil (E. Andrf5).

These specimeua agree best witli s])eciiuens fonnd in Bogot.^ collections,

though they differ from them by having tlie red crest somewhat shorter and

bordered anteriorly by a baud of a lighter <;reamy colour (not so rufescent), bv

having the fnlvons of tlic lower back sornewhat ]ialcr and the wings and tail

somewhat shorter.

From Mr. Sdater's remarks {C<(t. liirdx lirif. Mks. \\. ]). 211) it appears

that specimens from Bogota are identical with a Cayenne bird in the Salvin-Godman

collection. In case, however, that the former diller from (.j'aycnue specimens, they

ought to be called T. cristatus cristatellus (Scl.), the name crixtdtiis remaining for

the Cayeune form. A series from Cayenne is necessary to decide this question, and

also whether our birds belong to the typical form or not.

68. Tachyplionus surinamus (L.).

Turdiis surinamus Linn., Si/st. Nal. Ed. XII. (17G6) i. p. 297 (ex Briss.— ex Surinam).

Nicare: (5 c?c? January 1901 (Andre).

Snapure : 3 cTc? ad. 27 April, 28 Jime, 9 Nov., and a young ? 27 April, 1890.

Iris brown, dark brown ; feet and bill black.

? juv. : "Iris dark grey, feet light blue-grey, bill brownish at base of mandible,

but nearly altogether black."

(S,i ad. Al. 8()i— S2i, caud. 77—75, culm. ItU— 10, tars. Isi— 17i mm.

These birds agree perfectly with trade skins generally called Trinidad skins,

but which may come from the Orinoco delta.

A specimen from Cayenne in Mus. H. v. B. does not differ except by possessing

a little longer creamy yellow crest and somewhat longer tail. Specimens found in

Bogota collections lack the yellowish plumes at the sides of the breast, but do not

seem to differ otherwise from the Suapure skin.s. The colour of the uropygiuin

appears to be very variable.

A series from Cayenne is necessary to conlirni the constancy, or otherwise,

of these differences.

09. Nemosia flavicoUis VielU.

Nemosia flavkoUie Vieillot, Nouit. Did. XXII. (1818) p. 4(11 (Ami'r. mt'ridionale). We take

Cayenne as the typical habitat.

Suapure : i ad. 11. iv., cJ ad. 12. iv. " Iris brown ; feet dark grey ; maxilla

black, mandible pinkish white." S ail. 2. iv., " ? " (an potius c^ juv. !) 12. x.

? ad. 28. iv. (Klages).

Nicare (Caura II.) 4 <J(J 22. i. lOOl (E. Andrd).

( ^3 )

Ti). Thlypopsis sordida (Lafr. & Orb.).

Nemosia sordida Lafr. et dOrb., .S'^«. ar. I. (1837) p. 28 (Yuracares in Bolivia).

Capuchin : <?<? ad. 21. viii. " Iris soal-Iirown ; feet plnmbeons ; bill slate-^n-ey

above, plnmbeons below" (Cherrie).

El Fraile : ? 3. ix.

Altagracia : ? 12. xi. 'i)7 ; ? ? 28. i. 'DS.

(Nos. 8586, 8587,9879, 11U2, 1114;',, 111.".! ( cherrie coll.)

71. Arremon silens (Bodd.).

TuiKKjni silens Bodil., Tuld. PI. Eiil. (17H.'3) p. 40 (Cayeime).

Maipures : c? ad. 20. i., cJ ad. 20. xii,, <? ad. 28. xii., " ? " (iiliimage as ia

d ad.j, (1 xii., ¥ 5. iv., ? ? 9. xii., ? 12. xii., ? 26. xii., ? 28. xii. "Iris

seal ; feet pale grey ; bill black " (Uherrie).

(Nos. 113.54, 11399, 1140U, 1145(1, 11470, 1156.5, 11610, 11611, 1164(i, 11641,

1176U, 11852, 11879, 12411) Cherrie coll.)

Suapure : c? ad. 3ii. iv., c? ad. 25. v. " Iris grey ; feet very pale grey ; bill

black " (Klages).

La Pricion, Nicare, La Union : December, February, January (Andre).

72. Saltator olivascens Cab.

Saltutnr olivascens C'abanis, in Srlmmh. Br. Giiinmi III. (1848) p. CTfl (Brit. Guiana).

Altagracia: i ad., cJ juv., 7. i., 6 ad. 8. i., S6 ad. In. i., d ad. 1.5. i.,

<S ad. 8. xii., J ad. ? 16. xi., J ad. 24. xi., cJ (moulting) 29. xi,, S juv. 8. xii.

cJ ? 24. xi. (moulting), ? 11. xi., ? 29. xii.

Caicara : S juv. 19. ii., S ad. 24. ii., ? ail. 14. ii. "Iris <lark sepia (or van-

dyke brown) ; feet slate ; bill blackish (or dusky olive)" (Cherrie).

(Nos. 8499, 8.538, 8556, 8566, 8656, 8671, 8829, 8830, 8916, 9035, 9097, 9098,

9225, 9311, 9444, 9574, 9575, 9597, 9615, 9020, 9726, 10069, 10177, 10235 Cherrie

coll.)

Ciudad Bolivar: <S ad. 27. xi., S? (moulting) 8. xii., ? juv. 30. vii., ? 16. vi.

(Klages).

73. Saltator magnus (Gm.).

TcuHigrii miiijna, Gm. Si/st. Nul. I. p. 8'.(0 (1788) (u.i Bnff. —Cayenne).

Maipures: ? 17. xii. " Iris dark so[)ia ; feet slate; bill blackish above, slate

below " ((Jherrie).

(No. 11495 Cherrie coll.)

Suapure : <S ad. 12. x., ¥ 22. ii., ? 27. x.

Mountains west of Suapure : ? 4. v. " Iris brown ; feet dark grey ; ma.\illa

and tip of mandible bl.ick ; rest of bill blui'-grcy " (Klages).

La Pricion, February ; Nicare, .lanuary (E. Andr^).

74. Saltator orenocensis Lafr. (Plate XII., fig. 3.)

Sallulur orenncensis Lafr., Rev. Zool. 1841") p. 274 (reinlioucluire de I'Ore'noque).

Altagracia : S ad. 28. ii., 6 ad. 6. xi., S ad. 21. xi., <S ad. 14. xii., ad. 27. xi.,

? ? ad. 19. i., ? (moulting) 12. xi., ? ad. 9. xii., ? ad. 17. xi.

(24)

Caieara: S ad. 18. ii., <S ad. V). v., c? ad. ','5. iii., ? ad. 2;i. iii., ? 21. ii.

"Iris sepia hrowii ; l)ill liiackisli slaty above, ])Inmlieon.s lielow ; feet slaty."

" Iris dark raw umber : feet slaty ; hill lilack." " Iris dusky lirown ; feet blackish ;

bill black above, slate below " (Cherrie).

(Nos. 8489, 8597, 8598, 8694, 8884, 8885, 8980, 8981, 91 lu, 9197, 9198, 9445,

9521, 9599, 9619, 9742, 9743, 9877, 10146, lnl9(i, lnl91, 10547, 10548, 10907

f'herrie coll.)

Cindad Bolivar: cJ t? ad. 3. vi., ? 4. vi., ? !.">. vi. "Iris dark brown; feet

black ; maxilla lilack ; mandible black at tip and margin, becoming lighter towards

base, which is very pale slate-grey " (Klages).

Mr. Cherrie sent us a large series of this beautiful siiccies, which is still rare in

collections. Through Mr. ATidrt5 the Tring Museum has also received a dozen skins

collected at San Felix, in the state of Cumana, Venezuela, in March 1898.

The nest was found on May 10, at ('aicara (parent bird no. 10907 Cherrie coll.).

It was jilaced among the tops of a thick clump of canes, about seven feet above the

ground. Both parents were moving about in great excitement, and breaking into

fnll song every few minutes. The nest is a large loose structure of broad grasses,

sedge, and twigs, without a particularly soft lining. It measures outside about

14 cm., the cup about 7i cm. across, 5 cm. deeji. The single egg reminds one of a

large Carpodacus egg, being light greenish blue, with a few minute j)urplish black

spots near the thick end. It measures 24 by 17-5 mm.

75. Cissopis leveriana (<im.).

Laniua leverianus Gtn., Syst. Xat. i. 1 (1788) p. 302 (ex Latham, loc. ignot. — We supply Cayenne

as, the typical habitat).

La Pricion, Caura R.: J ? 13, 14. xii. lOOO.

" Irides bright yellow, beak and feet black. Native name ' Tronpial

moutanero '" (E. Andre).

7(3. SchistocMamys atra (fJm.).

Ttnuiyici aim Ginelin, Syst. Nat. I. i. p. 8it8 (1788) (ex But!'. — "Cayenne").

Maipures : cJ ? ad. 26. xii., <} 29. xii.

Perico ; cJ ? ad. 22. ix. " Iris vandvke lirown ; feet blackish ; liill plumbeous,

distal half black."

(Nos. 11181, 11182, 11608, 11609, IHUO, 11647 Cherrie coll.)

77. Pitylus grossus (L).

Loila grossa, L., Syst. Xul. Eil. XU. (ITiJC) I. p. 307 (" Aineric-i," ex Brisson). We take " Cayenne"

as the typical habitat.

Siiapnre : 6 '■>. iv., ? 22. vi. (Klages).

Nicare, La Pricion : cJ ? ? January (E. Andre).

, 78. Guiraca cyanea rothschildi (Bartl.).

[Loxia cyanea Linn., Sysl. Nat. Ed. XII, (17IU1) I. p. .'iOS (ex Edw. — " Angola " !—errore. We

accept Bahia, Brazil, as the typical habitat),]

Guiraca rothschildi Edw, Bartlett, .\iin. d; ^ta(J. Nat. Hist. Aug, 1890 p, 108 (River Carimang,

Brit Guiana).

Mnnduapo: iS ad, 22. ii. " Iris seal-brown ; feet slate-black ; bill above black,

below tip and goups to skin-angle black, sides plumbeous." (No. 1 lu53 Cherrie coll.)

(25)

La Pricion, Canra River: ? 18. i. lOol ; ? 5. ii., <$ 4. ii. (erroneously sexed

"¥"), ? 18. ii., df (se.xed " ? ") 10. xii. I'JOU (E. Andre). S "Iris chestnut ; beak

black, except at gape of lower mandilile, whicli is silvery grey; feet black"

(Andre).

Hartert has compared the Muudnajio and t'aiira River specimens with the types

of G. rothschildi Bartl. (now in the Tring Mnseum), and found that they belong to

the same form, which differs from typical (Brazilian) cyanea in its longer and

straigliter bill, longer wing, and slightly wider and briglder blue forehead.

79. Oryzoborus crassirostris (Gm.).

Lo.rin rrassirnstris Gm., Syst. A'ut. I. 1. (17HX) p. HO'J (ex loc. inc. Mus. Tunstall. We accept as

typical babit.it Cayenne).

Qniribana de Caicara : cf (ad.) 31. iii., S (ad.) 2. iv., S (ad.) 11. iv., "c? juv."

(in brown plumage) 7. vi. <S ad. : " Iris seal-brown ; feet dusky slate ; bill dusky

greyish horn-colour, or horn-colour, pinkish ou mandible."

(Nos. 10585, 10.589, 10695, 1O920 Cherrie coll.)

(f juv. " Bill blackish slate."

So. Oryzoborus angolensis (L.).

Loxia angolensis Linn., Syst. Nut. Ed. XII. (1766), I., i. p. 30.3 (ex Edw. — "Angola" errore. We

take as the typical habitat Surinam).

Loxia tnrridd Scopoli, Ann. I. p. 140 (1769 !).

Oryzohurus torridus : Cat. B. Brit. Mus. XII. p. 77 (1888).

Altagracia : S ad. (errore "?") 27. xii., "c? juv." 20. xi., <S (juv.) 10. xi.

Caicara : (? ad. 24. x. " Iris seal ; feet dusky smoke-grey ; bill black."

Quiribana de Caicara : ? 5. iv. (Cherrie).

(Nos. 8547, 8760, 9127, 10588, 10016, 11204 Cherrie coll.)

Suapnre : cJc? ad. 3. iv., c? ad. 4. iv., -i ad. 2(i. i., "J juv." 3. iv., ? 3. iv.

" Iris brown ; bill and feet black " (Klages).

81. Sporophila grisea (Gm.).

Loxia grisea Gmelin, Si/sl. Xiif. I., 1 (1788) p. 857 (ex Buff.— " Virginia" errore. We wish to

fix Cayenne as the typical habitat.).

Altagracia : c? ad. 25. i., c? ad. 27. i., 6 ad. 29. i., cjc? ad. 18. xi., d 10. xi.,

<S ad. 24. xi., <S ad. 2. xii., S ad. 3. xii., 6 ad. 27. xii., tj juv. 11. xi., t? juv. 27. xii.,

? 27. xi., ? 14. xii. "J : Iris seal-brown or dark sepia; feet slaty; bill pale

whitish or flesh-colour. ? : Iris and feet dnsky ; bill blackish or black." (("herrie.)

(Nos. .8545, 8564, 8505, S681, 8703, .s704, &1750, 8N33, S.S95, 897ii, 9001, 9101,

9104, 9105, 9106, 9196, 928.5, 9401, 9402, 94o3, 9647, 9803, 9S49, 9896, 9993

Cherrie coll.)

(Jaicara: S not quite ad. 28. i. '98 ; S juv. 7. vii. '98. (Nos. 11003, 11003

Cherrie coll.)

Suapnre : ^ ad. 22. xii., S ad. 27. xii. "d : Iris brown ; feet dark grey ; bill

bone-yellow with a roseate tinge, lightest on the mandible " (Klages).

The c? from Caicara (no. 11U03) difters from the common style as follows:

the ashy grey of the body is of a darker shade, more schistaceons, esiiecially on

the crown, throat and chest. The latter parts are variegated with blackish spots,

and the throat with white. The posterior middle wing-coverts show white spots

( -^« )

at the tips, ami the winu:s are rathor long. This sjx'ciinen is evidently not (juite

adnit, the back aud margins of some of the (juills Iji'ing snftnsed with brownish

olive, the under tail-coverts slightly so with yellowish, tiie bill still piirtiuliy

blackish. Al. 63i, caud. 45, calm. lOJ, tars. 13| mm.

We are not unite certain if this bird is merely an abnormal specimen of

Sp. grisfi or belongs to a dilYi'rent species.

La Pri.ion, i ; T;a Tnion, <? c? ? ? (E. .Aniln'-).

%~. Sporophila plumbea whiteleyana Sharpe.

[Frhuiillu /iliimheit Wied, llr}!r. Natiirg. Bins. III. (IH.'.d) p. 579. (Brazil).].

Spermojihila irliitrlei/um Shiirpe, Oil. B. Biil. Mus. XII. (IXSS) p. 98 (Horaima).

Altagracia : 3 <? J ad. 12. i., 4 cJ c^ 2. ii., iS c? juv. '.I. .\ii., J jnv. "JT. i., J jnv.

11. xi., ? 22. i., ? 2S. i., ? 9. xii. "cJ ad. Iris «<cal-bn)wn ; feet and bill Idackish.

¥ and jnv. : Iris seal-brown ; feet dusky."

(Nos. 8604, 8565, OiKU, illol, 91U2, 9lU3, 9(U4, 9(;45, '.i(i4(;, 9(i4.s, 9774, 9SG7,

9870, 9930, 9937, 9938, 9939, 9940, 1U81G ( 'herrie coll.)

83. Sporophila minuta (L.).

Loxia minuta Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. X. (1758) I. p. 176 (Surinam).

Altagracia : <S lo. i., <S 22. i., c? 27. i., c? 28. i., c? jnv. 28. i.

Caicara : <S <S (jnn.) 9. iii. "Iris seal ; feet dusky ; bill blackish " (Cherrie).

Suapure : c? <? 7. iv. " Iris brown ; feet brownish slate ; bill greyish white ;

maxilla and anterior edges of mandible brown " (Klages).

(Nos. 9710, 9711, 9773, 9775, 9850, 9865, 9866, 9868, 9809, 9870, 9871, 9872,

9873, 9874, 9875, lo431, 10432, 10433, lo434 Cherrie coll.)

84. Sporophila lineola (L.).

Lurid lineola Linn., Si/sl. Nitt. Ed. X. (1758) p. 174. (" Asia"— errore. We take as the typical

habitat Surinam !).

Caicara : S 8. viii., S 23. x. " Iris seal ; feet slate-blackish ; bill dusky black."

(Nos. 110.59, IKiOii, 12510 Cherrie coll.)

85. Sporophila lineola trinitatis Shar])e.

Spermophila Iriuilulis Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. .Viis. XII. p. 132 (1888). (Trinidad.)

Ciudad Bolivar : i 3il. vii., c? 0. viii., J 12. viii. "Iris dark brown ; bill and

feet black " (Klages).

80. Sporophila gutturalis (Licht.).

FringilUi gutturalin Licht., Verz. Doubl. (1823) p. 2G (.San Paulo).

Mundnapo : <? ad. 8. ii., cJ ad. 12. iii.

Maipnres : J ad. 24. i., S ad., ? 29. i., i ad. 31. i., ? ? 31. i.

Caicara: J ><. viii. ''J ad.: Iris seal; feet blackish slate; bill plumbeous"

(Cherrie).

Cindad Bolivar : ? 0. viii.

( 27 )

(Nos. 11089, 11 734, 11 TO-', llT'Xi, llMn, llsll, llsl2, ll>tl;5, llSfi'i, 11863,

12082, 12194 Cherrie coll.)

Snapure : S ad. 17. v., ? 7. iv. "? •• Ivi-i brown; feet brownish black ;

maxilla black ; mandible very dark txvt'y, liijliter on bottom " (Klau'es).

La Pricion : <S Jannar}*, Febrnary (E. Andre).

87. Volatinia jacarina splendens (Vieill.).

[Tamtgra jncarma Linn., Si/xt. Nat. Ed. XII. (17(J0) I. p. iiU. (Brasilia).].

Frinr/illa sphiifkiis Vieill., Nouv. Dirt. XII. (1817) p. 173. (Cayenne).

Altagracia : c? jnii. 7. i., t? jun. 15. i., (J jnn. 20. xii.

(!aicara : ? (ad.) 14. ii., S jnv. 22. i., c? ad. 9. vi., <S jiin. 23. ii.

(Nos. 9044, 9313, 9432, 9442, 9509, 9720, 9721, 9772, 9821, 10003, 10004,

10222, 10237, 10951 ("lierrie coll.)

Ciudad Bolivar: i ad. 19. vii., S ad. 0. viii., <S ad. 23. vi., ? '2\. xii. 6 ad.:

"Iris brown ; feet black (in younger birds and females legs dark grey ; iris dark

grey ; maxilla brown ; mandible wliitisli) ; maxilla black ; mandible light blue-

grey, tip black " (Klages coll.)

La Pricion : January, February, December (E. Andre).

88. Spinus mexicauus columbianus (Lafr.).

ICarduelii mexicanus Swains., Phil. Mag. I. (1827) p. 435.]

Carduelis colmnhiamis Lafr., Rev. Zool. 1843 p. 292 (Colombia).

Altagracia : S juv., ? ? juv. 21. xii., S J«v. 11. xii.

Caicara : cJ ad. 9. vi. " Iris seal ; feet dusky : bill dull sage-green with

blackish tip." ? ad. 23. ii., ? jnv. 2. iii.

(Nos. 9158, 9159, 9317, 9318, 9319, lol(;7, lo221, 10337, 10950 (Iherrie coll.)

89. Sycalis flaveola (L.)-

FrimjUlajUcuhi Linn. Sg»t. Nat., Ed. XII., I. (170C) p. 321 (ex loc. ignota, Museum de Geer-

we accept as typical habitat Suriuam !).

Altagracia: S <S ad. 10. i., cJ cJ ad. 14. i., "?" ad. (or rather S ; plumage as

in cJ ad. !) 14. i., tj jnv. 10. xii., ? 5. xL, ? 0. xi.

cJ ad. " Iris seal ; feet grey ; bill dusky above, dusky olive-yellow below."

? . " Iris dusky brown ; feet plumbeous."

(Nos. 8448, 8478, 8496, 8497, 9128, 9129, 9528, 9014, 9030, 0031, 9G95, 9(i9(i,

9097, 9098, 10840, 10980 Cherrie coll.)

Caicara : ? ad. 27. vi., with nest and eggs (Cherrie).

Ciudad Bolivar : S ad. 2. vii., t? ad. 9. vii., <? juv. 9. vii. (Klages).

A nest (parent bird no. 10980 Cherrie coll. shot as she left the nest) was taken

on June 27. It was hanging from the tips of some branches, about seven feet from

the ground, and contained three fresh eggs. It is about a foot long, narrow above,

widened out to a round ball of 'Jh cm. diameter at the end. The entrance is a small

hole on the upper part of the ball.

The eggs resemble those of a sparrow, being white, profusely covered with

brown, and a few underlying pale grey spots, the spots almost eutirely covering the

thick end. They measure 205 by 14-5,211 by 14-5, and 211 by 143 mm., and

are rather pointed ovate.

( 28 )

90. Sycalis columbiana <'iit).

Sycalin rolumhiatia Cabanis, Mus. Heiti. I. (1«6U) \j. 147 (Porto CaljiUo).

Altagracia: 6 ad. 4. xi., S hornot. 20. xi., S hornot. 1'.). xi., cJ juv. 28. iv.,

jnv. <i. xi., ? ? 5. xi., 3 ? ? jiiv. I'J. xi., (?) 15. .xi., ? 24. xi.

6 ad. "Iris seal-biown ; feet jiiile dusky jihnnbeous ; bill dusky olive,

yellowisli below."

(J juv. "Iris dusky; feet flesh-ccildur : liill olive al'Ove, yellowish olive

below."

(Nos. 8404, 8463, 8495, 8527, 8548, 8628, 8726, 8727, 8728, 8729, 8757, 8832,

9477, 10049, loSOO f 'herrie coll.)

Suapnre : 6 ad. 2(). xii., 3 jnv. 24. xi., ? 24. xii., ? 5. xii. (Klages).

La Pricion : c?cJ? February lonl (Andr6).

91. Serinopsis* arvensis minor (Cab.).

[Fringilla arvensis Kittl., Mhn. Ac. St. PMersb. II. (1835) p. 134.]

Sycalis minor Cab., in Scliomb. Reise Brit. Guiana III. (1848) p. 679 (Brit. Guiana).

Altagracia : c? ad. 7. i., cJc? ad. 10. i., S ad. 22. xii., c? ad. 27. iv., ¥ 24. xii.,

? 29. xii. " Iris seal ; feet fawn-colour : l)i]l drab above, dusky below."

(Nos. 9146, 9146, 9354, 9307, 9368, 9309, 9447, 9571, 9572, 9573, 9623, 10841,

10842, 10843 Cherrie coll.)

92. Brachyspiza capensis (P. L. S. Miill.).

Fringilla capensis P. L. S. Miiller, %.-■(. .V«(. Snj.pl. (177C) p. 1(15 (ex PI. Eiil. 386 f. 2—" Cap. b.

sp." — errore ! We accept Caijenw as the typical habitat !).

Zunntrichia pileula {Emherim pileula Bodd. 1783!) Sharpe, Cut. B. Brit. B. XII. (1888) p. 610.

(A review of the five recognised gecigraphical forms of Brachyspiza capensis is given by

Ridgway in Aiil; 18'J8, p. 321.)

Qiiiribana de Oaieara : cj ¥ ad. 0. iv. (Nos. 10630, 10631 Cherrie coll.)

93. Myospiza t manimbe (Licht.).

Fringilla Manimhe Licht., Verz. Doubl. (1823) p. 25 (Bahia).

Altagracia: <? ad. 11. viii., S ad. 12. i., S ad. 25. xi., ad. 25. xi., ¥ 9. xi.,

¥ 20. xii., ¥ 25. xi., ¥ ad. 26. xii.

Qniriliana de Caicara : ¥ iid. 4. iv., S ad. 2. iv., ? 28. iv.

I'erico: "¥" ad. 12. xi.

IMaipures: <J ad. 2o. xii., ? ad. 23. xii.

Puerto Samoro : cJ juv. 24. xi. Adult: '-Iris seal-brown or dark sepia, or

vandyke-brown ; feet pale greyish or whitish grey ; IjHI dusky blackish above,

pale greyish below " (Cherrie).

(Nos. 8526, 8612, 8626, 8665, 8682, 8793, 8794, 8856, 8857, 88:58, 8859, 8871,

8872, 8925, 9023, 9046, 9092, 9256, 9257, 9316, 9651, 9652, 9653, 10585, 10605,

10S66, 11096, 11118, 11131, 11222, 11223, 11328, 11329, 11542, 11543, 11592,

11643, 11701 Cherrie coll.)

Ciuilad Bolivar: c^ juv. 19. xii., S 15. vi., ¥ (1. v. (Klages).

SuapLire : ¥ 24. ii. (Klages).

' Ridgway, Auk, 1898, p. 22.';. f Ridgway, Aiik, 1898, p. 224.

( 29 )

94. Arremonops conirostris venezuelensis (Ridgw.).

[Arrfinon conirostris Bonaparte, Co/isp. Av. I. (1850) p. 448 (Brazil — errore!).]

Arremonojts venezudensii Ridgway, Auk 1898 p. 228 (Puerto Cabello).

Altagracia : c? ad. 2.5. i.

Caicara : S ad. 29. i., S ad. 12. ii., ? ad. 25. ii., S 5. vii., c? ad. 11. viii.,

S ad., ? 11. iii., ? 12. iii. "Iris vandyke-brown ; feet smoke-grey; bill black

above, slaty below."

(Nos. 9815, 10111, 10199, in2(!ri, 10453, 104.54, 10464, 10470, 11005, 11055,

11103, 11117 Cherrie coll.)

(The Tring Museum has also received a good series of this form from the

campos in the state of C'umaaa, Venezuela.)

95. Emberizoides macrourus (Gm.).

FringiHa marrmra Gmelin, Sijst. .\'it. I., 1 (1788) p. ;il« (ex Lath. — Cayenne).

Altagracia : cJ ? ad. 4. i.

Quiribana de Caicara: S ad. 3(l. iv., S<S ~. iv., S ad. 27. iv., ? ? l(i. iv.,

(?,"?" ad. 26. iv., ? ad. 4. iv. "Iris sejiia : feet wood-brown; bill black above,

chrome yellow below."

(Nos. 9509, 9510, 10604, 10628, 10648, 10649, lii753, 10754, 10827, 10828,

10829, 10846, 10864, 10885, 11235 (Uierrie coll.)

96. Spiza americana (Gm.).

Emberim americana Gmelin, Syst. Nal. I., 1 (1788) p. 872 (ex Penn. Arrt. Znol. "in Noveboraco ").

Altagracia : S ad. 29. xii.

Caicara : <J 23. ii. " Iris dark sepia ; feet slaty ; bill dusky above ; plumbeous

below."

(Nos. 9454, 10215 Cherrie coll.)

Ciudad Bolivar : c? ad. 29. xii. (Klages). •

Snapure : c? ? 9. iv., "? ?" {6 I) 3. iv. "Iris brown ; feet pale grey; bill

black on top of maxilla and brown along bottom of tip of mandible ; rest of bill

white, washed with brown, but nearly around base of beak an irregular band of

the same shade of yellow as is found on the chest-feathers" (Klages).

La Pricion : c? <^ ? ? January, February (E. Andre).

97. Paroaria nigrogenys Lafr.

Nemosia niyroijini/H Lafr., Rev. Zool. 1841) p. 273 (Embouchure de I'Oreuoque).

Altagracia : S ad. 22. i., <? ad. 27. .xi., S (ad.) 8. xi., "?" (like S ad.) 15. xi.

(worn plnmage), S .juv. 10. xi., ? ? "juv." 1.5. xi., "?" 15. i., "?" 9. xi., ¥ ? jun.

9. xi., (J? "juv." 9. xi.

Caicara : S (ad.) 19. ii., S (ad.) 16. ii., " ? " (like i ad.) 15. ii., " ? " (like i ad.)

6. viii. (J ? ad. ; " Iris light brick-red ; feet slaty ; bill black, pale below."

Juv. : " Iris sepia ; feet dusky slate ; bill dusky (or black above, pale below)."

(Nos. 8515, 8532, 8533, 85.34, 8535, 8552, 8631, 8632, 8633, 8828, 8901, 8902,

9708, 9776, 10080, lOllO, 10176, 11079 Cherrie coll.)

Ciudad Bolivar: c? ad., ? ad. 12. iv., i juv. 11. vi. (Klages).

The adult female is like the 7nale, only smaller ; the wing about 4 mm. shorter.

( 30)

A nest, containing; throe eg:!?s, one fresh, two hcavilj- incubated, was taken on

August (j. One of tlie eggs got broken. The nest was set loosely in the tangle

of twigs and vines, placed over the water, about eight feet above the surface. It

is a shallow mp of dry twigs and rootlets, lined with fine smooth grass. The eggs

are uncommonly like those of onr Acrocephuliis stre/ier/ts, having a smooth almost

glossless greenish white shell, covered with blotches and small patches of greenish

brown, with a few underlying manve spots, and the markings being more freijuent

around the thick end. They measure 18'9 to 14-5 and 20-5 to 15 mm., the latter

being one of the two incubated eggs, the former smaller the fresh one.

98. Coryphospingus pileatus (Wied).

Fvinijillu pileata Wied, Reise Brasil. II. p. 160 (1821) (Brazil, southern part of prov. Bahia).

Cindad Bolivar : c? ad. 3. xii., " ? " (? c? immat. — crest lighter red and not so

long as in S ad.) 3ii. \l, " ? " (? cJ) 15. vi. (worn), '• ? " (without red on pileum)

]."). vi. (Klages).

'•'0. Gymnostinops yuracares ( Laf'r. A ( >rli.).

Oisjiicus )/Kiacare>i Lafr. ft DOrb., .s;(n. Ai: II. p 2 in M:i<j. Ziml . VIII. ( 1838) (Yuracares, Bolivia).

Snajiure : c?(? ? I'i. ii. " Iris brown ; feet black ; liill black : dark orange on

the ti]) ; crescent of bare skin at base of mandible lighter orange-grey, the other

naked skin lighter red-viulet, somewhat jjaler than I he standard shade " (Klages).

Nicare : ? ad. 18. i. 1901 (E. Andre).

These specimens agree with those in the British Museum, where Hartert has

compared them. The occurrence on tlio Canra Kiver is very interesting.

li"i. Ostinops decumanus (Pall.).

Xatithonms decmrumus Pall., ^itk\ Faac, VI. (17G9) p. 1 (Surinam).

Mnuduapo : c? ad. 1'.*. iii., ? ad. 1:^. iii.

Maipures : i ad. 11. 12. "Iris coeruloan bhic ; feet lilack ; bill snlphnr-

yellow."

(Nos. 11431, 11IST4, 12189, 12191) Cherric coll.)

li»l. Ostinops viridis (Mlill.).

OrioluK niritlis Mullur, XatiirKijsl. (177li), Sujijil. p. .S7 (ex PL Enl. 328— Cayenne).

Mato Kiver : ? ad. 5. iii. (Klages).

Nicare: ? is. i. I'.iol (E. Andre).

1112. Cassicus albirostris (L.).

Tiinngrii alhimxtris Linn., Mnn, Ail. Fviil. Prndr. (17li4) p. Ml (" America''*).

Cassiatii persicus (L.) Cttl. B. Brit. Mui. XI. p. 321.

Cossicus albirostris (L.) Berl. & Stolzm. P.Z.S. 1896 p. .353.

Caicara : 3 S ad. Ifi, 17, 18, 23. Febrnary, c^cJ.jnv. 19. ii.

Altagracia : c? ? ad. 3, 24. December.

("iudad Bolivar; S <S ad. 23, 27. December, S jnv. 24. vi. (Klages). "Iris

azure blue ; feet black ; bill pale sulphur-yellow."

* We substitute " Surinam."

(31 )

(Nos. 9004, 9005, 978iJ, luliil. liiKiL'.. lUlOS, 10119, 10120, 10122, liil40,

10141, III142, 10143, 10174, lo2o5, Io224, 10225 Cherrie coll.)

La Union (C'anra) : S ad. 18. xii. (E. Audr^). This specimen is exceptionally

large ; wing 167 mm.

103. Cassicus haemorrlious (L.).

Oriolus hacmnrrhous Linn.,. Si/s(. Nnl. Ed. XII. (176(5) p. 161 (ex Brisson — hab. "Brasilia et

Cayenne " *).

Cassicus affinis Swains., B. Bia:;il, pi. 2.

Nericagua ; cJc? ad. 4, 0. April, ? juv. 1, 4. April.

(Nos. 12294, 12357, 12399, 12400, 12435, 12452, 12535, 12543 Cherrie coll.)

" Iris cobalt blue ; feet black ; bill sulphur-yellow ; more yellowish basally,

more greenish at tip."

.Suapure : cJ ad. 2o. iii., (? c? ad. 3. iii., 9. iii., ? ? ad. 17. iii., ? juv. 17. iii.

(Klages).

Nicare : S ad. 22. i. (E. Andre).

Brisson's description is evidently tiiki'u from a Cayenne specimen. The

Brazilian bird should be called ' '. hi(e.mon-hoi(H aphaneH (Borl.) (cf. 15erl. ././'. 0.

1899, p. 300).

104. Xanthoruus chrysocephalus (T>.).

[Oriolus chrjjsncephalus Linn., Hijsl. Nnl. EJ. XII. (17G6) p. 104 (ex Brisson " Atnerique " t).]

Perico: c? ? 21. i.K.

Rio Catauapa : S 26. xi. '98. " Iris mummy lirowu ; feet slate ; bill black."

(Nos. 11298, 11299, 11340 Cherrie coll.)

Maipures : c? ? ad. 29. xii.

(Nos. 11521, 11(5.52, 11653 Cherrie coll.)

Huapure : S 9. x., 6 4. i., ? 28. xii. (Klages).

Iii5. Xanthornus auricapillus (Cass.)

iHerus iiuricapiUus Cass., Proc. -If. X5c., Pliilad. I.S47 p. 332 ("Mexico" (errore ! I) "and South

America ").

Caicara : ? 7. vi. '98, SS 19. ii., 14. ii., 7. vii. " Iris seal ; feet plumbeous ;

bill black."

(Nos. 10068, 10170, 10921, 10922 Cherrie coll.)

106. Xauthornus xanthornus (Gm.).

Oriolus Xanl/ioriins Gm., Sy.sl. X„l. Ed. XIII. 1 (17.S.'!) p. :!91 pt. (excl. syn. Edward.s et habit.

Jamaica) ex Briss. et Buff. (" Mexico " errore).§

Altagracia : c?c? ad. 10, 20, 22. .\i., 6, 10, 6, 10, 27. xii. '97 ; ? ? ad. lo. xi.,

10, 18. xii. '97 ; 5, 6. i. '98 ; Jc? juv. 22. xi., 14. xii. '97 ; ? juv. 15. xii. '97.

(Caicara: ?? ad. 13. iv., 30. vi. 98. "Iris seal." "Iris blackish; feet

l)lnmbeous ; bill black."

* We talte Cayenne as the typical habitat.

•f We substitute " Cat/enne."

I We substitute the habitat : Si:i. Martha, Colombia.

§ As typical habitat wc take : Cayenne (ex Buff.).

( 32 )

(Nos. 8508, 8544, 8558, 8642, 8643, 8715, 8717, 8739, 8740, 8741, 8767, 8768,

8776, 8777, 8778, 8986,9006, 9056, 9131, 9132, 9175, 9208, 9279, 0404, 9538, 9686,

9729, 10067, 10261, 10478, li)711, 10902, 11023 Cherrie coll.)

t?(? ad. !il. 95i, i>2i cand. 90i,87 culm. 20^, I9i tars. 25J, 25 mm.

? ? „ „ '.•2, 87^' „ 90i, 85 „ 20J, 18i _ „ 26, 24| „

There is apparently no difference between these specimens and others from

Cayenne (specimen in Mns. H. v. B. very pale-colonrcd). A large number from

Cumaua in the Tring Museum agree also in every respect.

A nest was taken at Caicara on April 13. It is a bag of about 30 cm. length,

susjiended from two twigs and open above. The three eggs are white, with

beautifully fine scribbled lines and some wider lines and spots of deep brown and

mauve. They measure 25-1 by 15-6 and 24-5 by 17-1 mm.

107. Xanthornus icterus (L.).

Oriolus icterux Linn., S'/s/. Nal. Ed. XII. 1 (1766) p. 161 pt. (excl. plurim. synon.) ex Brips.

" Am. morid." *

Altagracia : ? 5. i. '98.

Caicara : ? 26. iii. '98. " Iris straw-yellow ; feet plumbeous ; bill black with

plumbeous bars of mandible."

(Nos. 9517, 9859, Iii242, l<i559 Therrie coll.)

108. Gymnomystax mexicanus (L,).

(hioht-t merknnuf Linn., .Sys(. Nal. Ed. XII. (I7G6) p. 162, ex Briss. ("Mexico" — errore).t

G ymnomyatax melanU:tfnis (Vieill.).

Altagracia : ? (moulting) 8. xi., S S juv. with black pileum 18. .xii.

Caicara : _?^ ad. 15. iii., 6 ad. 3. i., S juv. 26. xi., ? ad. 2. xi.

Quiribana de Caicara: ? ad. 25. iii., (? jnv. 7. v., 6 ad. II. iv. '98 ; c? juv.

with black pileum 11. iv. '98. " Iris dusky. Iris Vandyke. Iris seal. Feet black ;

bill and bare skin about head black."

(Nos. 8518, 8789, 8873, 9176, 9280, 9288, 9491, 10487, 10552, 10699, 10700,

10898 Cherrie coll.)

Ciudad Bolivar: ? ad. i6. vii. (Klages).

101). Agelaeus icterocephalus (L.).

Orio/(/.s irtfroft'pfittlus Linn., !^i/8t. X,jf. Ed. XII. (1766) p. 16.^ (ex Briss, — typ. ex Catjenne — and

Edwards).

Altagracia : 3 cj c? ad. 27. i., ? ? c? jr. 28. i. " Iris seal ; feet black ; bill

black."

(Nos. 9856, 9857, 9858, 9881, 9882, 9898 Cherrie coll.)

La Priciou (Caura) : i l)eeembcr (Andre).

110. Sturnella magna meridionalis (Scl.).

{Alauila magna Linn., Hysl. Nat. Ed. XII. 1 (1766) p. 289 (ex Cutesby— Carolina).]

Sturnella meritlioiialin Scl., fbis 1861 p. 179 (New Granada and Venezuela).

Altagracia : 3 (?<? ad. 25, 26, 28. xi., 24. xii., S juv., 3 ? ? ad. 11, 25, 28. xii.

Maipures : cj ad. 11. xii.

* We take "Cayenne" ex BrisF. as the ty^iical habitat,

t We substitute Caycntu,

( 33 )

Qniribana de flaicara : <S ad. 6. iv. " Eye dark sepia ; feet greyish flesh ; hill

dnsky above, plumbeous below."

(Nos. 8581, 8839, 8840, 8841, 8859, 8860, 9373, 9374, 9424, 9425, 10626, 10627,

11425 Chorrie coll.)

Maripa, Caura Valley : S S juv. 30. viii. (Klages).

111. Leistes militaris (L.).

Tanagra. miliiari.s Linn., .S'y.s(. Nal. Ed. X. (1758) p. 178 (" America"*).

Leistes gumnensis (L.).

Altagracia : S ad. 12. i. '98, 4 c?<? ad. et semi-ad. 2. ii., 26. xi., 31. xii., 22. xii.

'99, 12. i. ? 6. i. '98. " Iris dark sepia ; feet dnsky drab ; bill black."

(Nos. 8862, 8863, 8864, 9338, 9339, 9464, 9465, 9508, 9544, 9649, 9650, 9953

Cherrie coll.)

Suapnre : 4 c?c?, 2 ? ¥, March and February (Klages).

112. Lampropsar tanagrinus (Spix).

icterus tiimigrimns Spix., Av. Bras. i. (1824) p. 67, pi. 64, f. 1 (ex ParA).

Munduapo : 3 <?<?, ? 1. iii. '99, 4 ? ? 7, 13. ii., 1. iii. '90. " Iris seal : bill

and feet black."

(Nos. 11846, 11847, 11960, 12089, 12112, 12113, 12168, 12151, 12152, 12153

Cherrie coll.)

113. Cassidix oryzivora (Gm.).

Oriolua nryzivorus Gmelin, Sijst. Nat. I., 1 (1788) p. 386 (ex Lath.—" Cayenne").

Caicara : S ad. 28. vi. (no. 1002 Cherrie).

Suapnre : 4 (? r?, June, December, March. " Iris orange-yellow ; bill and feet

black " (Klages).

La Union, Caura: S 18. xii. 1900 (Andrd).

114. Molothrus bonariensis venezuelensis (Stone).

[Tanagra bomriemU Gml., Syst. Nut. I., 1 (1788) p. 898 (" Bonaria ").]

Molothrus venezuelensis Stone, Auk 1891, p. 347 (Venezuela, Goering coll.).

Qniribana de Caicara : 3 tJc? ad. 11, 30. iv. '98.

Altagracia : cJ jnv.8. i. '98, " ? " ad. 14. i. '98, t^c? ad. S.i.,28. i., cf .juv. 2.5. i.,

? 27. i. " Iris seal ; feet and bill black; ? eye dark brown."

(Nos. 9694, 9805, 9806, 9807, 9825, 9853, 9854, 9855, 9885, 10691, 10693,

11076 Cherrie coll.)

115. Quiscalus lugubris Sws.

Quiscaltis lugubris Sws., An. in Menag. (1838) p. 299 (" Brazil " errore !).t

Caicara : 5 <?(? 2 ? ? ad. 7. i., c? ? 30. i., 4 ? ? 7. i. " Iris straw-yellow; feet

and bOl black."

(Nos. 9901, 9902, 10926, 10927, 10928, 10929, 10930, 10931, 10932, 1(1933,

10934, 10936, 10937, 10938, 11024 Cherrie coll.)

Cindad Bolivar : 4 Jc? ad. 28. vi., 2. ix. (Klages).

* We substitute Surinam. f We substitute Brif. Ouiana.

3

( 34 )

11 li. Cyanocorax violaceus Dn Bus.

Cyanocimix riidareti-s Du Bus, Bull. Acnd. lirux. xiv. 2. (1898) p. 103 (type ex "Perou").

Altagracia : i ad. 27. i., ? 15. xii.

(Vaicara: 3 <?<? ad. 7. iii., 16. Hi. '98, ? ad. 0. iii. '!»s, 3 c?c? ad. 8, 9, 1 1. iii.

(Nos. 921.5, 9863, 10403, 10404, 10410, 10414, lo42o, 10421, 1044S, I0.300,

10872 Cherrie coll.).

Cindad Bolivar : <? 6. xii., ? 12. xii.

Suapnre : t? ? 12. ix. " Iris dark brown ; bill and feet black " (Klages).

La Priciou, Gaura : ? ? December 1900 (E. Andre).

117. Cyanocorax cayanus (L.).

CorvKs cayanus Linn., Syst. Xal. Ed. XII. (176fi) I. p. 157 (" Cayana" = Cayenne ex Brisson).

Suapure : (? 3, ? ? March. "Iris greenish j-ellow ; bill and feet black"

(Klages).

La Pricion, Caura : ? February 1901 (Andre).

118. Fluvicola pica (Bodd.).

Musckapa pica Bodd., Tall PI. Ed. (1783) p. 42 (ex Buff.— Cayenne).

Altagracia: iS ad. 18. .\i. '97, 21. iv. '98, 16, 24. xii. '97 ; 3 ? ? 7. .xii., 10 i.,

i S jnv. 29. xi. '97.

Caicara: SS ad. 11, 19. iv. '98, 3 ? ? 8. iii., 26. iv. '98, S 21. ii. '98, S jnv.

3. xii. '97. " Iris seal ; feet and bill black."

(Nos. 8705, 8920, 8921, 8998, 9070, 9109, 92.50, 9364, 9605, 10196, 10419,

10698, 10792, 10798, 10832, 10833 Cherrie coll.)

Cindad Bolivar : 5 c? <? ad. .Jnne, December (Klages).

La Pricion, Caura : ? February, December (Andrt5).

119. Arundinicola leucocephala (L.).

Pipm leucocephala Linn., Mun. Ail. Friil. II. Prodi-. (17li4) p. 33 ("Surinam," cf. Syst. Xat. XII.

p. 340).

Altagracia : 3 c? c? 4, 5, 6. i. '98, 28. vi. '98, ? 4. xii. '97.

Caicara: cJc? 26. iv. '98, ? jnv. 11. iv. '98, 5. iv. " Iris seal ; bill blackish

above, whitish below ; feet black. ( ? bill below yellowish straw-colour, black

at top.")

(Nos. 9363, 9512, 9536, 9553, 9878, 10613, 10696, lii697, 10831 Cherrie coll.)

120. Pyrocephalus rubinus saturatus subsp. uov.

[Muscicapa rubinus Bodd., Tabl. PI. Enl. (1783) p. 42 (ex— Buff. " pays des Amazones ").]

P. P. rubinus dicto simillimus sed alis caudaque multo brevioribus. S a mari

P. r. dicti corpore supra capitisque lateribus mnlto obscurioribus, fere nigris, nee

pallide brunneis, tectricibus alarum inferioribus nigrescentibns nee pallide griseo-

brunneis distiugnendus.

Si al. 71 J, 70^. cand. 53J, 50^. culm. 14, 12|. tars. 14J, 13J mm.

S? „ 68, 66^. „ 51i, 50. „ 12|, laj. „ 14J, 13J „

Habitat : Venezuela : ad. fl. Orinoco, Puerto Cabello (Mus. H. v. B.), Cumana

(Mus. Rothsch.). T^/jus t? ad. : Altagracia, 27. xi. (in Mus. H. v. B.).

( 35 )

Altagracia : 3 <?c? ad. 12. xi., 11. xii., c?c? ad. 27. xi., 2, 8. xii. '07, ? ? 27. xii.

'97, ? 30. xi., S juv. 30. xi.

Caicara : " (? " ad. 26. iii. '98. " Iris seal-brown (or dusky) ; feet and liill

black."

(Nos. 8451, 8471, 8493, 8.514, 8592, 8609, 86G9, 8755, 8803, 8804, 8822, 8867,

8899, 8900, 8940, 8972, 9093, 9161, 9399, 10572 Cherrie coll.)

Cindad Bolivar : 3 c?t? 3. xii., 9. xii., ? 29. ix.

Snapure : tj 6. xii. (Klages).

La Pricion, Canra : <S ? December 1900 (Andre).

We have compared onr specimens, among others, with a male from Yqiiitos,

Amazon snp. (Whitely) in Mas. H. v. B., which might be regarded as being from

typical locality. The Venezuela skins are easily to be distinguished by having mnch

shorter wings and tail, and by the upper parts of the body, including wing and tail

and the sides of the head, being much darker, nearly black instead of pale brown,

and the under wing-coverts being blackish instead of greyish brown. But the

colour-differences are only to be observed iu the old males, while young males and

females of the two forms are merely to be distinguished by the size of the wings

and tail.

An old male from Puerto (Jal)ello in Mus. H. v. B. agrees in every respect with

the Orinoco specimens, and so does a series from Clumana in Triug.*

121. Ochthornis littoralis (Pelz.).

Elaima littnralU Pelz., Oru. Bras. (18G8) pp. 108, 180 (Rio Mamore, Madeu'a).

Bichaco : " ? " ad. 18. ix. '98. "Iris light seal-brown ; feet and bill black"

(no. 11173). Al. 69J, caud. 53i, culm. 12A, tars. 16i mm.

Suapure : t? ? 3. viii., ? 2. ix. (Klages).

La Pricion: Jc? 12. ii. 1901.

Nicare : ? 20. i. lOUl (E. Andre).

122. Sisopygis icterophrys fVieill.).

Miisck-apa icternphrys Vieill., Nour. Did. xii. (1817) p. 458 (Paraguay— e.ic Azara).

Altagracia: ¥ 19. xi. (no. 8736 Cherrie coll.). The single specimen is rather

pale.

123. Cnipolegus orenocensis Berl.

Cnipiikgus orenocensis Berl., Ibis 1884 p. 433, pi. XII. (ex Angostura).

Altagracia: SS 1,9, 16, IS. xii., 3, 10, 21, 29. i., ? ? 1, 7,4, 11, 16. xii. "97.;

10. i., 14. iii. '98.

Caicara : S 1. iii. '98, " ? " 14. iii. '98 (" breeding").

Capuchin : i 21. viii. " Iris seal ; feet black ; bill plumbeous black at top."

(Nos. 8950, 8959, 9069, 9118, 9156, 9246, 9247, 9287, 9478, 9611, 9612, 9760,

9899, 9900, 10328, 10484, 11141 Cherrie coll.)

Mr. Cherrie sent us a large series of skins of this rare species, of which the

type in the Mus. H. v. B. hitherto has remained unique.

The female differs from the male in the lighter, more greenish grey colour of

the upper and under parts of the body.

• Berlepsch is of the opinion that Pijroeephalm is a Fluvicoline bird allieil to Arundinicola leueo-

mphaln, and not a true Tyrannide of the Mijiohiiis group, among which it has been placed by Dr. Sclater

and others.

( 36 )

lv!4. Cnipolegus pusillus Scl. & Salv.

CnqjokgM pueUhis Scl. & Salv., A'omaiH. on. motr. (1873) p. 158 (typ. ex Amazon inf.).

Perico : (? ad., <J (not quite adnit), 25. ix. '98 (nos. 11231, 11232 Cherrie coll.)

" Iris seal ; bill slate, blackish at extreme top."

AI. 60i, caud. 62|, culm. lOJ, tars. 16i mm.

125. Xenopsaris albinucha (Burm.j. (PL XII., tig. 1.)

Pachyrhamphus albinucha Burm., P.Z.S. 1868 p. 635, descr. orig. (Rio de la Plata, near Buenos

Ayres)

Xenvpsaris albmucka Ridgw.. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. XIV. (1891) pp. 479, 480 (ex Buim).

Prospoielm alhimicha Cab., J.f.O. 1892 pp. 126, 127 (ex Burm.).

Xenopmrh albinucha, Scl., P.Z.S. 1893 p. 161!, pi. VII.

Altagracia : 6 ad. 12. i., 4 cJc? jnv. 6. xi. '97 ; (5, 7. i. '98, 3 ? ? o. xi., 20, 27.

xii. '97, 7. i. "08.

(Jaicara: S ad. 7. iv., SS ad. 31. iii. '98: S 9. xi. '97, ? ? 17, 26, 31. iii.,

8. iv. '98. " Iris blacldsb ; feet slate ; bill black above, plumbeous below."

(Nos. 849U, 8552, 8820, 8842, 9174, 9409, 9530, 9566, 9567, 9643, 9848, 9898,

10609, 10571, 10576, 10577, 10644, 10655 Cherrie coll.)

c?(J ad. al. 61, 60. cand. 55, 53. culm. 12i, lnj. tars. 13J, 13 mm.

¥ ? „ 62, 60i. „ 55^, 54. „ 10|, 10|. „ 13i

La Pricion, Caura: ? 17. ii. 1901 (E. Andr^).

It is a most singular fact that this species, which was discovered by Burmeister

on the banks of the Rio de la Plata near Buenos Ayres— where it is apparently a

rare bird— now reappears on the Orinoco river. On the Orinoco river it is apparently

a common species, Mr. Cherrie having sent us a fine series of specimens of all

diflferent stages of age. Perhaps A', albinucha will prove to be a bird inhabiting

the sedges of the banks of many of the large rivers of South America, and might

be discovered likewise on the banks of the Amazon.

Young " males " and birds marked '\fenmlei" have the black cap mixed more

or less with rusty brown feathers, and have the back of a darker grey suffused with

olivaceous brown, while the characteristic white nuchal band is either absent or

but slightly indicated. A very young male has whitish tips to the feathers of

the back and jiale rusty ones to those of the pileum.

Birds in fresh plumage show the abdomen more or less suffused with sulphur-

yellow, which is scarcely to be seen on the adult mak from Quiribana de Caicara of

31 March, 1898.

X. albimicha has been removed by Dr. Cabanis, quite correctly, we think, from

the Cotingidae to the Tyrannidae. We have placed it in the neighbourhood of

Cnipolegus, allowing at the same time that there are some affinities with

Serpophaga and Stigmatura on the one side and Sublegatus and Empidagra on the

other side.

126. Machetornis rixosa (Vieill.).

Tijratmm ri.roms Vieill., Nuuv. Did. xxxv. (1819) p. 85 (ex Azara— Paraguay).

Altagracia : 3 <J(J ad. 29. xi., 3, 6, 16. xii. '97 ; 4 ? ? 14. xii. '97, 3, 19. i. '98 ;

15. xi., S jnv. 4. xi. (<? ?) 2, 10. xii. '97. " Iris satnrn-red ; feet blackish : bill

Idack." " Iris chocolate. Iris dusky."

NOVITATES ZOOLOGJC^ VOL.IX,1902.

•i-6«^

PI. XII.

J.G Keulemaivs del et lith ICntem Bros imp.

IXENOPSARIS ALBTNUCHA(Burm.)2THRIP0PHAGA CHERRIEI Berl.&Ha.rt.

3.SALTAT0R ORENOCENSIS Lafr

( 37 )

(Nos. 8463, 8640, 8915, 8918, 8977, 8994, 9057, 9138, 9202, 9238, 9393, 9487,

9488, 9739 Cherrie coll.)

The young has no red on the crown.

Ciudad Bolivar : (? S 9. viii. (Klages).

127. Platyrhynchus griseiceps Sal v.

Plutyrhtjnclius griseiceps Salv., Bull. B. 0. Club vii. p. 15 (1897) (Aunai, Brit. Guiana).

Suapnre ; c? ad. 10. xi. "Iris brown; feet clear yellowish white; maxilla

black ; mandible dull white " (Klages).

Hartert has compared the specimen with the type in London and a female in

the Tring Museum.

Nicare and La Pricion : (?<?(£. Andr^).

128. Platyrhynchus mystaceus (Vieill.) snbsp. ?

Platyrhynchus mystaceus Vieill., Nuui\ Diet, xxvii. (1818) p. 14 (ex Azara— Paraguay).

Caicara : S 7. iii. '98. " Iris seal ; feet delicate flesh ; bill maxilla black ;

claws delicate flesh white." (No. 10406 Cherrie coll.)

129. Platyrhynchus saturatus Salv. & Godm.

Platyrhynchus saturatus Salv. & Godm., His 1882 p. 78 (typ. ex Merume Mts., Brit. Guiana).

Nericagna : " ? " 13 April '99. " Iris seal ; feet greyish : bill above black,

below grey, blackish basally beyond angle of gonys."

(No. 12506 Cherrie coll.)

La Pricion, Caura : <S <S ^ December, Febrnary (Andrd).

130. Todirostrum cinereum (L.).

Todus cinereus Linn., Syat. Nat. Ed. XII. 1 (1766) p. 178 (ex Edw.— Surinam).

Altagracia: 7 id 11, 17, 20, 23, 30, 24. xi., 3, 4. xii. '97 ; 6. i. '98 ; 7 ? ?

18, 9, 13, 12. si., 11. xii. '97. " L-is straw-yellow; feet plumbeous (slate); bill

black above, whitish below " (feet pale slate ; bill dusky above, pale below).

(Nos. 8527, 8574, 8591, 8618, 8685, 8686, 8751, 8752, 8799, 8817, 8818, 8853,

8865, 8946, 9007, 9017, 9160, 9312, 9545 Cherrie coll.)

Ciudad Bolivar : ? 29. ix., c? J ? December (Klages).

131. Todirostrum schistaceiceps Scl.

Todirostrum schistaceiceps Scl., Ibis 1859 p. 444 (typ. ex Oaxaca, S. Mexico).

Maipnres : c? ad. 10. xii.

Caicara : 4 (?c? 19. ii., 1, 11, 15. iii. '98 ; ? 18. ii., ? 19. ii., ? 11. iii.

El Fraile : 3. is., ? jnv. 3. ix.

Suapure : <? 7. i. '99 (Klages legit). " Iris chocolate-browu ; feet cinereous ;

bill black." " Iris dark yellow ; feet pale grey ; bill black " ((!herrie).

(Nos. 10137, 10165, 10166, 10319, 10451, 10452, 10488, 11413, 11152, 11153

Cherrie coll.)

( 38 )

132. Taeniotriccus andrei sil nov.

Taeniotriccus geu. uov.

Taeniotriccus genns novum Tyrauuidarnm generi Poecilotriccus dicto fere

afliue, sed rostri maxilla crassa, tnmida et lata, vibrissis laxis crebribnsque dimidinm

rostri attingentibns, tarsis pro nsn brevioribns, pileo cristate, coloribns insolitis

(alis basi fasciatis) insigne. Generis typus est :

Taeniotriccus andrei sp. nov.

C'apite snpra— pilei medii pliimis clongatis nigris cristam formantibns exceptis —

capitis([ue laterilms laete rafis, gnla pallidiore rnfescente, dorso obscnre brnuueo-

olivaceo, i)lumis nigris variegato (in adnltis omnino nigro ?) ; pectore pallidiore

olivaceo, plamis nigris variegato (in adultis omnino nigro ?), abdomine flavescenti-

albo, lateribus olivaceo adnmbratis ; remigibas, rectricibns tectricibnsque alarnm

snperioribus uigro-brnnneis olivaceo margiuatis, remignm omnium basibns vittam

latam obliquam formantibns et remigum tcrtiarinm dnabus nltimis pogouio externo

late flavescenti-albis, tectricibus snbalaribns et marginibiis remigam pogonio interne

pallida flavis ; rostro brunneo-nigro, pedibns cinereo-brunneis.

Long. tot. 100, al. 57, cand. 43, culm. 11 J, tars. 15^ mm.

Habitat in regione orientali fluminis Orinoco dicti medii : La Pricion ad

flamen Caura dictum.

Typus: La Pricion " <S " 18. ii. 1901. " Irides black, mandibles black, feet

and toes greyish " (E. Audr«$ legit).

The object of the above descrijjtion is no doubt the greatest discovery made

by Mr. Andre in the Caura Rivc-r district. Unfortunately the single specimen

obtained is evidently not quite adult, but there is no doubt that it belongs to a

quite new form of the subfamily Platt/rhynchinae, of the family Tyrannidae. It

is not very closely allied to any of the known genera of this subdivision, but it is

apparently to be placed in the neighbourhood of Todi rostrum, near Poecilotriccus

Berl. It nevertheless differs from these genera by having a much more swollen

and higher upper mandible, which is also more distinctly curved. It also differs

by the large number of the vibrissae, which are rather soft, and reach to about

the middle of the bill. The tarsi are much shorter than in Poecilotriccus and

allies, and not so smooth, as a division into some separated scales is quite apparent.

The tail is much longer, and the feathers of the pileum form a conspicuous crest

of broad long feathers. The rectrices are somewhat graduated, but not very much

so, the distance between the longest (central) and shortest (lateral) pair being

7 mm. The fourth and fifth primaries are about equal and longest'; the third

very little shorter, the second as long as the seventh, and the first about VZ mm.

shorter than the longest. The broad wing-bars, formed by the yellowish white

bases to the remiges, are a characteristic feature not to be found in any other

known bird of this group. With the exception of the brownish black crest-feathers,

the upper part of the head and the sides of the head are of a bright rufous colour,

the throat of a paler rufous mixed with some greyish in its lower portion. The

back is dark brownish olive, but there are some black feathers appearing here and

there, which might prove that in the adult bird the back is uniform black. The

breast is of a lighter brownish olive, with a greyish tinge, also mixed with coal-

black feathers in the middle and just below the throat ; therefore in the adult bird

the breast is likely to be uniform black, like the back. The abdomen is of a

( 39 )

dirty yellowish white, mixed here and there with olive, esjiecially oa the sides of

the body. Under tail-coverts whitish buff. Under wing-coverts and inner margin

of wings pale sulphur-yellow. Remiges, rectrices, and upper wing-coverts are

brownish black margined with brownish olive ; but the bases of all the remiges

are of a pure whitish sulphur-yellow, forming a broad oblique band on the folded

wing. Tiie outer webs of the innermost secondaries (last tertiaries) are of the

same colour, recalling the pattern of Todirostncm picaium. The under tail-covert.s

are of a rather fluffy structure, proving that the bird is still partly in its juvenile

plumage.

Taeniotriccus arulrei is named after Mr. E. Andre, of Trinidad, its discoverer.

133. OrcMlus ecaudatus (Lafr. & D'Orb.).

Todirostrum ecaudatum Lafr. & D'Orb., Syn. Av. i., in Marj. de Zool. vii. (1837) p. 47 (Yuracares,

Bolivia).

Munduapo : c? 15. iii. 1899.

(No. 12215 Cherrie coll.)

Suapure : "c?" jnv. 13. iii. 19U0 (Klages legit). "Eye sepia; feet mouse-

grey ; bill black." " Iris dull white ; feet light grey ; bill black with white

134. Colopteryx pilaris <'ab.

Colopterus 2>ilaris Cab., Wiegm. Arch. 1847 i. p. 253 (Ij/j). ex Carthagena).

Maipures : ? ? 19. xii., c? ad. 29. xii.

Ciudad Bolivar : 9 30. xi. (Klages).

Altagracia: cj ad. 20. ii. '98 ; 4 ? ? ad 5, 17. v. '97 ; 11. i., 4, Ti. ii. '98 ;

? pull. o. ii. '98.

Caicara : 3 S 6 ad. 26. ii. '98 ; ? ? ad. 26, 18, 19, 25. ii., 7. iii., 25. vi. '98.

Quiribana de Caicara : c? ad. 6. iv. '98. " Iris smoke-grey ; feet pale grey ;

bill blackish with pale edges." " Iris straw-yellow ; feet pale whitish ; bill black ;

claws pale dusky."

(Nos. 8476, 8687, 9018, 9259, 9448, 9621, 9622, 10009, 10010, 10136, 10104,

10272, 10285, 10286, 10287, 10288, 10289, 10290, 10405, 10625, 10970, 11.538

Cherrie coll.)

A nest with one egg was taken on June 25 at Caicara (parent bird no. 10970).

The nest was hanging four feet above the surface of a pool of water, in deep woods

along the river. The birds showed no excitement or uneasiness when the nest was

taken. The nest is about 25 cm. long, loosely constructed of dry grasses, leaves and

rushes, with an entrance hole near the middle. The egg is strikingly like that of

a Phylloscopus trochilws, being white with some red-brown spots, and measuring

16 by 12-5 mm.

135. Colopteryx galeatus (Bodd.).

Motacilla galeata Bodd., Tabl. PL Eiil. (1783) p. 24 (Cayenne).

Altagracia : c? ? 5. ii. '98.

Maipures : <?cj ad. 17. i., 0, 7, 10, 12, 18, 22, 23, 28. xii.

Munduapo : ? 11. ii. " Iris straw-yellow ; feet pale flesh-colour ; bill blackish

with pale cutting edges."

( 40 )

(Nos. 9731, 10001, 10U12, 11368, 113»4, 11414, 11439, 11519, 11577, 11591,

11637, 11917 Cherrie coll.)

Saapure, Canra R. : <f 28. x. 1900.

" Iris light yellow, feet grej-isli white, bill bkck, margius of maxilla aud liase

of mandible whitish " (S. M. Klages).

130. Hapalocercus meloryphus (Wied).

Euscarthmus meloryphus Wied, Beitr. Naturg. Bras. iii. (1831) p. 947 (Minas— Bahia).

Ciudad Bolivar : 16. xii. '98 (Klages legit). "Iris browu ; feet black; bill

maxilla browu ; maudible greyish white tiuged with piuk."

Al. 40, caud. 40J, culm. lOJ, tars. 19| mm.

137. Habrura pectoralis brevipennis subsp. nov.

[Sylvia pectoralis Vieill., Nouv. Diet. xi. (1817) p. 210 (ex Azara — Paraguay).]

H. H. pectoralis dictae simillima sed alis eaudaque brevioribus distiugueuda :

al. 41|, caud. 36, calm. 9;^, tars. 15 mm. Habitat in Venezuela : Orinoco et in Brit.

Guiana: Roraima. Typus in Mus. Tring, S Q. d. Caicara, Cherrie legit no. 10835.

Quiribaua de Caicara ; "cJ" ad. 26. iv. '98. " Iris seal ; feet slate-black ; bill

black above, slate below."

The Orinoco skins, as well as many specimens collected on the Roraima by the

late H. Whitely, which were examined by Berlepsch, have remarkably shorter

wings aud somewhat shorter tails than specimens from Matogrosso, Uruguay aud

Cordova (Argentina), with which they were compared. In the coloration no

difference whatever is observable between the two forms.

138. Serpophaga orenocensis sp. nov.

S. corpore snpra obscure brunuesceute olivaceo-viridi, stria superciliari a naribus

usque ad oculi angnlum posteriorem, plumis snbocularibus meutoque albis ; corpore

subtus flavo : gula pectoreque snperiore in speciminibus plurimis plus minusve

fulvo lavatis, pectoris lateribus olivaceo adumbratis, abdomine laete flavo ; tectricibus

alarum mediis et maximis uigro-brunueis, apice flavesceuti-albo margiuatis vel

maculatis (itaque alis bifasciatis), rectricibus externis pogonio externo toto

rectricumque omnium marginibus apicalibus flavesceuti-albis, tertiariis quoque

flavescenti-albo marginatis, rostro pedibusque nigrescentibus.

Obs. — »S. 8. suhjiava Scl. dictae ut videtnr maxime affiuis, sed alis eaudaque

lougioribus et gula pectoreque (pro usu) fulvo tinctis distiugueuda.

SS al. 55-51, caud. 55-50A, culm. 10-9^, tars. 18^ mm.

? „ 5U „ 52 j „ 10 „ 16i „

S. sub/lava Scl. Pard ; al. 47, caud. 47, culm. 9|, tars. 15J mm.

Habitat : in vieinitate fl. Oriuoco dicti.

Ti/pus in Mus. H. v. B. : S Altagracia 31 i. '98. Cherrie no. 9910.

Quiribana de Caicara : ? 26. iv.

Caicara : c? 4. vii., ? 28. vi.

Altagracia: c? c? 22, 18. xi., 15. xii., 13, 31. i., 5. ii., ? ? 0. xii., 15. i., 27. i.

Mundnapo : (S 23. ii. '98. " Iris smoke-grey ; iris fawn-colour ; iris pale

sepia ; iris straw-yellow ; feet and bill black ; feet slate."

(Nos. 1101, 8701, 8785, 9108, 9231, 9»67, 9709, 9844, 9910, 10018, 10834,

11046, 11201, 12081 Cherrie coll.)

This api)areiitly new species seems to be most nearly related to S. subfiava Scl.

(41 )

from Para. An actual comparison with the type of that species is not quite

decisive, as the latter is in much-worn plumage. We must therefore wait for

additional specimens from Para to see if the differences pointed out as above are

constant or not. As far as we can judge at present S. orenocemis is to be dis-

tinguished b}' possessing longer wings and tail, and b)' having as a rule the lower

throat and upper breast suffused with fulvous, this suifusion being, however,

absent on the male from Munduapo, and hardly visible in a male from Caicara

(11046). S. orenocensis is not (juite a typical member of the genus Serpophaya,

being also somewhat allied to Capsiempis, and at the same time to Stiymatura

Scl. & Salv. From Capsiempis flaveola it differs by its narrower bill and the

softer rictal bristles, which are very stiif in that species.

139. Serpophaga hypoleuca Scl. & Salv.

Serpophaga hypoleuca Sol. & Salv., P.Z.S. 18(jij p. 188 (typ. ex Ucayali).

Caicara : tj ad. 2. ii. '08. " Iris seal ; feet and bill black; " al. 51, caad. 50,

culm. 8 J, tars. 16 J mm.

¥ ad. 10. iii. ; al. 51, caud. 49 mm.

(Nos. 10198, 10437 Cherrie coll.)

140. Mionectes oleagineus CLicht.).

Muscicapa oleaginea Licht., Duubl. Vcvz. (18215) p. 55 (typ. ex Bahia).

Nericagua : "c?" 1. iv. '99. " Iris seal ; feet slate-grey ; bill black ; basal half

of mandible hazel-brown." (No. 12304 Cherrie coll.)

Suapure : 3 cfcJ 24. iv., 21. iv., 12. x. (Klages coll.).

La Pricion, Caura : <J 18. ii. 1901.

Nicare, Caura : ? ? 18. i. 1901.

La Union, Caura : ? 20. xii. 1900 (E. Andre).

141. Capsiempis flaveola (Licht.).

Muscicapa flaveola Licht., Doubl. Verz. (1823) p. 56 (ex Bahia).

Caicara : c?, 3 ? ? 19, iii., c? 19. ii., ¥ 5. vii.

Capachin : <J 21. viii.

Maipures : S 12. xii.

Altagracia : "cJ " ad. 20. i., cj jav. 20. i. '98. " Iris seal : feet slate ; bill black

above, pale at base of mandible." " Iris brown."

(Nos. 9747, 9749, 10161, 10530, 10531, 1U532, 11054, 11144, 11438 Cherrie coll.)

La Pricion, Caura: ¥ ¥ 1, 15. ii. 1901 (Andre).

142. Phaeomyias* incomta Cab.

ElaXnea incomta Cab. & Heine, Mus. Hein. ii. (1859) p. 59 (Cartagena). (Berlepsch has compared

the type of E. incomta with topotypical semifusca, and found that both are identical.)

Phyllomyias semifusca Scl., P.Z.S. 1861 p. 38.3, PI. XXXH., fig. 1 (ex Sta, Martha).

Altagracia : c?(? ad. 13, 18, 24. xi., 10, 17, 21 (bis) xii., 29. i. '98; 2. ii., 7. i.,

¥ ¥ 26. xi., 16. xii., 23. xi., 17. xi.

♦ Berlepsch having inspected the specimen of " Myitipatis incmuscem " in the Museum Heineanum,

has satisfied himself that it is = Ornitldon cineranceiu (Wied), olim 0. imierbe Scl. The other species

enumerated by Cahanis & Heine,— viz. M. ohuileta and ,)/. punlla—&\so belong to the genus Ornithion

Hartl., of which Myiopatis Cab. & Heine thus becomes a synonym. Therefore Myiopatis cannot be used

for Ph. incomta and allies, for which Berlepsch proposes the new appellation Phaeomyiai Berl.

(0ai6s = fuscus, /ii>(as - nomen propr.) with the species : 1. Ph. incovita (Cab. k Heine) ; 2. -V. tmyat-

(Tacz.) ; 3. M. tmniezana (Tacs.).

(42 )

Caicara : cf c? 1, IS. i"., 14, 26. ii. '98 ; ? 19. ii. '98 ; t? jnv. 19. ii. " Iris seal

(dusky brown) ; feet black (slate black) ; bill black, pale below (pale at base of

manilible)."

(Nos. 8016, 8658, 8689, 8700, 8796, 8826, 8878, 9120, 925o, 9253, 9269, 9320,

9321, 9099, 9893, 9941, 10i.)06, 10158, 10159, 10282, 10323, 10489, 10733 Cherrie

coll.).

Ciudad Bolivar : ? ? 2. xii., 23. xii.

The Triug Museum has also received a series of this bird from Cumaiia, in

N.-E. Venezuela.

143. Ornithion inerme Hartl.

(Jrnitliio/i liierme Hartl., J./.O. 18.53 p. 35 (loc. inc.*).

Suapnre : d" 27. x. I'.)o0 (Klages legit). "Iris dark grey; feet black; bill

maxilla black, mandible dark brown or brownish black." Al. 40, cand. 33i,

cnlm. Sf, tars. 12 J mm.

144. Ornithion pusillum (Cab. & Heine).

Myiu/iatis pu-tilUi Cab. & Heine, Mus. Hein. ii. (1859) p. 58, Anm. 2. (typ. ex Cartagena).

Kuapure : ? 12. ix. '99 (Klages).

Altagracia : d <S 16, 8, 18, 25, 23, lo. xi., 14, 24. xii., 7. i., ? 18. xi.,

? ? 2, 20, 27. xii., pull. 20. xii. '97.

Caicara: <S 10. viii., ? 22. ii. '98.

Cd. Bolivar : c? ? 5. xii., cJ ad. 4. viii. '98 ; pull. 20. xi. (Klages).

Suapure : c? 7. iv., ? (?) 21. vi. (Klages). "Iris seal (sepia); feet slate

(dusky slate); bill black, pale at base of mandible." "Iris dusky brown; bill

blackish above, pale below." " Iris light brown."

(Nos. 8513, 8546, 8661, 8706, 8707, 879.5, 88.55, 8894, 8978, 9200, 9301, 9303,

9304, 9371, 9372, 9411, 9584, 9585, 9624, 10109, 10200, llu94, 11109 Cherrie ooll.)

La Pricion : ? 31. i. 1901 (Andre?).

Some specimens have the abdomen rather whitish and but slightly suffused

with yellowish or greenish, and the upper parts more washed with greyish. By

these characters they approach somewhat 0. cinerascens (Wied) (= imherhe Scl.),

but they differ still by the wiug-bands being better defined and more whitish.

Young individuals have a brownish tinge on the abdomen, and the tips to the

wing-coverts and the edges to the secondaries are more rusty.

145. Tyrannulus elatus (Lath.).

Syh-ia elala Lath., Iwl. Orii. ii. (1790) p. 549 (ex Buff.— Cayenne).

Nericagua : tJ.29. iii. '99. " Iris seal ; feet slate ; bill black."

Altagracia: c? ad. 18. xi.

Maipures : S ad. 0. i.

(Nos. 8702, 11681, 12302 Cherrie coll.)

Suapure : ? ¥ 25. v., 23. xii. (Klages).

* We substitute the habitat ; Ba/iia.

(43 )

146. Tyranniscus gracilipes Scl. & Salv.

Tyramiincus gmciUpes Scl. & Salv., P.Z.8. 18G7 p. 981 (typ. ex Pebas, Peru or.).

Maipures : ? ad. is. xii. '98. "Iris seal ; feet slate black: bill above black,

below slate black.''

(No. 11518 Cherrie.)

Al. 42|, cancl. 30i, culm, n, tars. 13i mm.

Hartert has compared the specimen with tlie t3'pe iu the British Mnsenm, aud

could hot see any marked differences.

147. Elainea pagana (Licht.).

Mnscicapa pagana Licht., Doiihl. Verz. (1823) p. 54 (Jy2>. ex Bahia).

Altagracia: 6 11. xi., i 17. xi., 3 Si 6, 8, 29. xii. '97, 3 ? ? 4. xii. '97; 10. i.,

2. ii., 17. xi. '98,

Caicara : 3 <? J 25. ii., 6. iv. '98. " Iris seal ; feet slate (black) ; bill black."

Quiribana de Caicara : ? 18. iv.

(Nos. 8570, 8690, 8691, 9029, 9043, 9080, 9095, 9455, 9529, 9608, 9942, 9943,

10263, 10264, 10265, 10629 Cherrie coll.)

Ciudad Bolivar : <?, 3 ? ? August, December, Jnlv (Klages).

Suapure : ? ? 4, 5. xii. (Klages).

La Pricion : S ad. 13. xii. 1900 (E. Andr^).

Nest and eggs were taken at Quiribana de Caicara on April 18, the parent bird

being shot. The two eggs are of a beautiful rich cream-colour, and marked with

reddish brown large patches and spots, forming an irregular zone near the thick

end. There are also some pale mauve spots. Measurements : 24 by 16-6 and

24 by 17'1 mm.

148. Elainea cristata Pelz.

EUiinea cristabi Peh., Orii. Bras. (1868) pp. 107, 177 (typ. ex Goiaz).

Altagracia: "? ?" 24. xii., 13. xi. '97; 17. xi., "(?<?" ad. 23, 13, 20, 30. xi.,

11. i. '98. " Iris seal (sepia) ; feet black (dusky slate) ; bill dusky (blackish)."

(Nos. 8604, 8607, 8613, 8692, 8802, 8865, 8936, 9365, 9625, 10760 Cherrie coll.).

Ciudad Bolivar : c? juv. 2. vii. (Klages).

E. cristata Pelz. is quite a distinct species not to be confounded with £. /layawa,

or E. albkeps. The wing measures only 67 (?) to 70 (cj) mm. ; the crown has a

well-developed crest and no white.

A nest with one egg was taken at Quiribana de Caicara on April 16 ; ihe/emale

parent (no. 10760) was obtained, and had another egg in the oviduct, which became

damaged. The nest is a small, very neat open structure, placed near the crooked

end of a branch in " scrub oak " in the savannah, about seven feet above the ground.

The parent bird remained close by, chirping anxiously while the nest was taken.

The nest is composed of dry twigs, outside ornamented with small white spider-nests

and other white material, inside lined with the soft, silky seed-bearers of some

plant. The nest measures outside only 7i cm. across, the cup has a diameter of

4 J and a depth of about barely 3 cm.

The egg is rather short and roundish, creamy white with minute brown-red

dots, forming a somewhat indistinct zone near the thick end. It measures 19-1

by 15-1 mm.

( 44 )

149. Elainea albiceps parvirostris (Pelz.)-

[Muscipela nlhkepn Lafr. & D'Orb., Syn. Av. i. (in Mug. tie Zvol. VII., CI. II.) (1837) p. 47 (hab.

Rio de Janeiro, Yungas* and Tacna).]

Elainea parvirostris Pelz., Orn. Brns. (1868) pp. 107, 178 (typ. ex Curytiba).

Qniribana de Caicara : " ? " ad. 21. iv. '98. " Iris seal ; i'eet aud bill black."

Caicara : ? ad. 2. iv., with uest aud eggs. (Nos. 105'JI, 10803 CUerrie coll.)

The uest stood eight feet from the ground, on an oak sapling in the open iield.

The parent bird was procured, though very shy. The nest is a ueat, tight stnicture.

with thin walls, composed of dry stems of various small plants, richly ornamented

with cobwebs and liued with soft silky hair. It measures (5 to 7i cm. across, the

cup 4A to 5 cm. across, and ouly about 2 in doptli. The two eggs are cream-coloured,

with pale reddish brown and deeper-lying pale purplish grey spots, forming an

irregular zone above the middle. They measure 19 by 15 and 19 by 14'8 mm.

1511. Elainea viridicata (Vieill.).

Sylvia viridicata Vieill., Nouv. Diet. xi. (1817) p. 171 (ex Azara — Paraguay).

Elainea placens Scl. (Cat. B. xiv. p. 148).

Caicara : " ? " juv. 24. ii. '98. " Iris dusky ; feet cinereous ; bill blackish."

Qniribana de Caicara : S ad. 21. iv.

(Nos. 10239, 108(J0 Cherrie coll.)

151. Elainea gaimardi (U'Orb.).

Mnscicapara Gaimardii D'Orb., Voy. dans I' Am. jnerid., Ois. (1840) p. 326 (Yuracares, Bolivia).

Caicara : S 27. iv. '98 ; ? 28. vi.

Maipures : 3 cJtJ 8, 22, 24. xii. '98 ; ? ? 19, 22. xii., ? 6. i., d juv. 24. i. '98.

Munduapo : c? 22. ii. '99 ; ? 10. ii. '99.

" Iris seal (sepia brown) ; feet slate ; bill black. Iris straw-yellow ; bill blackish,

smoke-grey at base of mandible. Bill blackish, dusky at base of mandible."

(Nos. 10802, 11000, 11397, 11.536, 11573, 11574, 11575, 11598, 11082, 11735,

11893, 12057 Cherrie coll.)

Suapure : 5 c? (?, February, August, October, April (Klages).

La Union : cj, December (E. Audr^).

152. Elainea macilvaini Lawr.

Elainea macilvainii Lawr., Ami. Lye. N.H. New York X. (1871) p. 10 (ex " Venezuela ? ").

Suapure : ? Oct. 24, 1900 (Klages legit).

Al. 56|, caud. 48, culm. 11|, tars. 15J mm.

This bird differs from a Bogotd specimen in Mus. H. v. B. by the ujjjier parts

being of a purer less brownish green, the throat and breast being more suffnsed

with yellowish, an.d the wing feathers and their upper coverts of a purer black,

with broader yellowish white margins. The Suapure bird is in very fresh plumage.

E. macilvaini Lawr. is by no means identical with E. gaimardi D'Orb. with

which Dr. Sclater has placed it as a synonym, but comes nearer to E. caniceps (Sws.)

of wliich it is the northern representative.

The description of Lafresnaye and D'Orbigny seems to be made from Bolivian specimens

( 45 )

153. Elainea flavivertex Scl.

EUiimaflavivertex Scl., P.Z.S. 1887 p. 49 (Upper Ucayali).

Munduapo : c? c? 4, 9, 12, 22. ii. " Iris seal. Iris vandyke (seal) ; bill blackish

dnsky (dusky smoke-grey), at base of mandible."

(Nos. 11882, 12055, 12056, 12177, 12192 Cherrie coll.)

S S al. 61, 60, caiid. 54, 52, culm. lOf, tars. 17i mm.

A rare but perfectly distinct species, easily known from E. viridkata by the

darker golden yellow vertical spot and the yellowish wing-bands which are wanting

in that species. It is also much smaller.

154. Elainea cinerea Pelzeln.

Elainea chwrea Pelz., Zur Om. Bras. II. (1870) pp. 108, 180 (Marabitanas, R. Negro).

Serphophaga albogr/ftca Scl. & Salv.

Suapure : one male adult, 28 Oct. 1900. " Iris light brown ; feet black ; bill

black-grey at base of mandible " (Klages legit).

Al. 63, caud. 55J, culm. lOJ, tars. 16i mm.

Agrees almost perfectly with the type specimen from the Rio Negro, with

which Berlepsch has compared it, only the upper surface is a shade brighter, and of

a somewhat purer, somewhat more bluish ash-grey, and the white crown-patch

is slightly more yellowish.

155. Sublegatus brevirostris glaber (Scl. & Salv.) *

[Elahiea brevirostris Tsch., Wiegm. Arch. x. 1 (1844) p. 274 (Peru, Waldregion).]

Sublegatus glaber Scl. & Salv., P.Z.S. 1868 p. 171, PI. XIII. fig. 2 (ex Caracas).

Altagracia ; Jt? 27. xi., 11, 15, 20,27, 28, 29. xii., 4. i., 15. iv. '98 ; ? ? 16, 17,

27. xi., 24, 27, 29. (bis) xii., 13. xi. '97.

Caicara : c? 19. ii., 9. iii. '98 ; ? 26. ii. '98. " Iris seal ; feet and bill black."

(Nos. 8608, 8657, 8688, 8827, 8877, 8896, 8897, 8898, 9157, 9185, 9232, 9261,

0310, 9366, 9397, 9398, 9429, 9449, 9450, 9451, 9452, 9476, 9511, 9592, 10160,

10282, 10750 Cherrie coll.)

Ciudad Bolivar: J 27. xii., ? 27. vii. (Klages).

156. Legatus albicoUis (Vieill.).

Tyramms- albicnllin Vieill., Nouv. Did. xxxv. (181'.)) p. 89 (ex Azara — Paraguay).

Quiribana de Caicara : <? ? 8. iv., S 14. iv. " Iris seal ; bill and feet black."

(Nos. 10666, 10657, 10728 Cherrie.)

Ciudad Bolivar : ? 25. vi. (Klages).

157. Myiozetetes cayennensis rufipennis (Lawr.).

Mmcicapa cayanensis Linn., Syst. Xat. Ed. XII. 1 (1788) p. 327 (ex Briss.— Cayenne).

Myiozetetes rufipennis Lawr., Ann. Lye. N. II. New York ix. (1869) p. 267 (Valencia, Venezuela).

Quiribana de Caicara : ? 1 3. iv.

Altagracia : SS 11. xi., 16, 24. xi., lo, 28. (bis) .xii. '97 ; 14. i. '98, ? ? 24. ix.,

11. xi., 16,28. xii. '97.

* According to Salvin (_Biol. Centr. Amer. Avix ii. p. 37) and other authorities, the Klaiiiea aremrum

Saly. P.Z.S. 1863, p. I'.iO (ex Punta Arenas, Costa Rica) is the same as S. glaher ; but Harterl does not agree

with this view, as the crown of E. arenanim is much darker, almost blackish, in the Costa Kica bird.

( 46 )

Caicara : S S 24. ii., 18. Hi., 15. iv. '98 ; ? 24. ii. '!)8 ; c? ? 27. vi. " Iris sepia ;

bill and feet liiack. Iris dusky."

(Nos. 8575, 8576, 8(i59, 8660, 8823, 8824, 8825, 9139, 9172, 9249, 9418, 9419,

9596, 971)2, 9703, 9837, 9838, 10240, 10241, 10522, 10714, 10746, 10784 Cherrie coll.)

Ciiidad Bolivar : J 8. viii., ? ? 29. iv., 3. viii., 24. xii. (Klages).

Nests with fresh and incuhated eggs were fonnd at Quiribana de Oaicara,

April 13, and at Caicara June 27. The nests stood in small trees in the open

savannah, about « feet high. One nest sent is a large loose ball of fine fibres

and grasses, with a wide entrance-hole near the to]). The eggs arc speckled and

spotted with reddish brown, and with a few deejjer-lying pale purplish grey patches.

They measure 24 by 16-2, 22 by 16, and 24-1 by 161, 25-4 by 16 mm.

].")N. Myiozetetes superciliosus columbianus ((Jab. & Heine).

[Tyrannus supercilioaus Bp., P.Z.S. 1837 p. 118 (Guatemala).]

[MyiozHetes Uxemiii (Giraud).]

MyiuzeMcs cnlnmbiamis Cab. & Heine, Miis. Ilehi. ii. (1859) p. 62 (Plo. Cabello, Cartagena).

Altagracia : cJtJ 18, 22, 20. xi., 4, 11, Ls, 20. xii., 11, 20. xi., ? ? 0, 16, 18, 13,

7, 27, 31. xii. '97; 8. i. '98. "Iris fawu-colonr ; feet blackish slate; bill black.

Iris seal-brown."

(Nos. 8541, 8577, 8708, 8758, 8772, 8773, 8912, 9027, 9052, 9073, 9153, 9154,

9173, 9248, 9283, 9284, 9295, 9396, 9457, 9466, 9596, 9826 Cherrie coll.)

Ciudad Bolivar : i d 2s. vii., 20. xii., ? ? 5. xii., 20. xii. (Klages coll.). " Iris

brown ; feet and bill black " (Klages).

159. Myiozetetes g;ranadensis subsj). ?

Myiozftetfs (jranatlfm^is Lawr., lhi>^ ISGli p. 11 (typus ex Isthm. Panama).

La Pricion, (.'aura R. : S ad. 17. ii 1901. "Iris light brown, bill and feet

black" (E. Andre coll.).

Unfortunately only one specimen collected ! Specimens from Costa Rica are

smaller, the back is brighter green, the forehead not so greyish. Specimens from

N.W. Ecuador and Colombia, however, are hardly distinguishable from the ('anra

River male. More material is necessary to decide if the latter is separable from

typical granadensis or not.

160. Myiozetetes sulphureus (Spix).

Musckapa mlphurea Spix, Av. Bras. ii. (1825) p. 16. PI. 20 (Brasilia).

Qniribana de Caicara ; Si 21, 29, 31. iv., ? ? 2, 21. iv. " Iris seal : bill and

feet black."

(Nos. 10579, 10590, 10804, 10805, 10806, 10875 Cherrie coll.)

161. Rhynchocyclus flaviventer (Spix).

Phtlyrhym-hus flnvivenler Spix, Av. Bras. ii. (1825) p. 12, tab. XV. fig. 1 (Rio Janeiro).

Altagracia : dTcJ 13, 27. i. (bis), ? 27. i.

Caicara: 66 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 22. ii., 1, 2. iii., 30. vi., ¥ ? 16, 19, 25, 26. ii.,

25. iii., 5. iv., 23. vi. " Iris drab-brown ; feet slate ; bill black ; mandible pinkish

white."

Maipures : 10. xii.

femblador, in the Canra Valley : ? 25. ix. (Klages).

(47 )

La Pricion : December 1900 (Andr^).

(Nos. 9608, 9,S45, 9846, 9847, 10060, 10061, 10087, 10107, 10127, 10168,

10169, 10202, 10268, 10276, 10321, 1U336, 10553, 10614, 10956, 11019, 11411

Cherrie coll.)

A nest (parent bird 11019) was taken at Caicara, June 30. Tlie nest was six

feet from the ground, ou a small tree in tbe forest near the river. It hangs from

the tijj of a twig, and resembles in shape a small nest of an Icterus, being of a

similar shape, with a short entrance-tube at the bottom. The whole structure is

about 27 cm. long.

The eggs are three in number, creamy white, with deep rufous brown patches

and small spots around the thick end, and with a few obsolete underlying pale

purplish greyish spots. They measure 20 by 13-5, 21 by 13-5, and 20 by 13 mm.

162. Rhynchocyclus poliocephalus Tacz.

Rhynchocyclus jwliocephalus Tacz., Orn. du Perou ii. (1884) p. 285 (typ. ex Nauta).

Nericagua : " (? " 31 iii. (? ? ). " Iris clay-colour ; feet slate ; bill-above,

black below, tip dusky pale, greyish at base."

Al. 60, caud. 50, culm. 11 J, tars. 16| mm.

Maipnres : 3 ad. 9. xii. al. 65 (cand. 54, culm, llf, tars. \~l mm.) S (moulting)

10. xii.

(Nos. 11412, 11407, 12337 Cherrie coll.)

Suapure : c? 2. xi. (Klages).

La Pricion : ? 15. ii. 1901 (Andre).

163. Ramphotrigon ruficauda (Spix).

Platyrhyiiihus ruficauda Spix, Ac. Bras. ii. (1825) p. 0 pi. 11. f. 1. (fl. Amazon).

Munduapo: ? 15. iii. '99. "Iris seal; feet slate; bill black." (No. 12213

Cherrie coll.)

Suapure : c? (?) 11. iv., ? 11. iv. ''Iris light brown ; feet black ; bill black,

with a whitish spot on centre of base of mandible " (Klages).

La Pricion: SS 15. ii. 1901, ? ¥ 9, 1.3. ii. 1901 (Andre).

164. Conopias inornatus (Lawr.).

Myiozetetes inornatus Lawr., Ann. Lye. N. II., New York ix. (1869) p. 268 (Valeucia, Venezuela).

Altagracia : <?(? 19, 29. xi., 5, 29, 25, 26. i., 3. ii., ? ? 5. 25, 26. i.

Caicara : c? ? 22. ii. 98. " Iris dusky ; feet blackish ; bill black."

(Nos. 8641, 8724, 8913, 9530, 9531, 9819 (bis), 9820, 9821, 9839, 984U, 9903,

9970, 9971, 10208, 10209 Cherrie coll.).

Mr. Cherrie sent us a fine series of specimens of this rare species.

Ciudad Bolivar : c? (?) 9. xii. (Klages coll.).

165. Pitangus derbianus rufipennis (Lafr.).

[Saurophagus derbianus Kaup, P.Z.S. 1851 p. 44 (Zacatecas, Mexico).]

Saurophagus rufipennis Lafr., Rev. Zool. 1851 p. 471 (Caracas).

Altagracia : c?t? 4, 21, 6, 10, 25. i., S 2. ii., ? ? 4. xii., 15, 24, 4. i., ? 2. ii.

Caicara : cJ 16. iii. '98 ; ? ? 17, 26, ii., 3, 4. iii. '98. " Iris dark seal ; feet and

bill black."

( 48 )

(Nos. 0031, 0032, 0332, 0514, 0541, 0610, 9725, 9793, 9813, 9946, 9976, 10131,

lU3Ul, 10356, 1(1373, 10503 Cherrie coll.)

Cindad Bolivar : c?c? 22, 27. vi., c? 9. xii., S (?) 28. ix. (Klages coll.).

Clntches of 3 and 4 eggs were taken on April 18 and June 27. One clntch has

eggs of a rich cream-colour, marked all over sj)ariugly with very small brownish

black spots, more frequent near the thick end. The other has eggs of the same

gronnd-colonr, but with a zone of hnge chocolate patches near the thick end. The

latter measure 27-5 by 20-5, and 28-5 by 20-5 ; the former 27-3 by 19, 29-5 by 18-2,

27-7 by 10, and 28 by 20 mm.

166. Pitangus lictor (Licht).

LaniuK lictor Licht., Douhl. Vers. (1823) p. 49 (ex Parii).

Altagracia: " ? " 12. i. '98. "Eye sepia; feet and bill Mack." (No. 9654

Cherrie coll.)

Cindad Bolivar : ? 1. .\ii.

Suapure : c? 17. iii. (Klages).

La Pricion, Caura : t? S February, December (Andr^).

167. Myiodynastes audax (Gm.).

.Uiiscicapa audax 6ml., Sysl. Nal. i. (1788) p. 934 (ex Buff. — " Cayenne ").

Caicara : cJ c? 8, 20, 30. iv., 2. vii., c? 25. vi.

Qniribana de Caicara : 3 c?c? 4. iv., ? 31. iii.

Suapnrc : ? 17. iii. (Klages). " Iris seal ; feet slate ; bill black, pale at base

of mandible."

(Nos. 10575, 10610, 10659, 10730, 10813, 10873, 10886, 10961, 11032 Cherrie

coll.)

168. Megarhynchus pitangua (L.).

Lanius Pitangua Linn., Syst. Nat. Ed. XII. 1 (1766) p. 136 (tyi). ex. Briss.— " Br^sil.").

Caicara: c?t? 15, 17. ii., 8. viii. '08; ?? 17, 23. ii., 8. viii., 9. iii. "Iris

Vandyke brown ; feet and bill black."

(Nos. 9880, 0927, 9977, 9978, 10077, 10124, 10125, 10210, 10426, 11086, 11087,

11706, Cherrie coll.)

Altagracia : cJ c? 28. i., 3. ii.

Maipures : ? 30. i.

Suapure : ? 18. iii. (Klages).

Cindad Bolivar : c? 10. .xii., ? 25. viii. (Klages).

160. Muscivora coronata (P. L. S. Miill.).

Muscicapa cnromta P. L. S. Mull., Naturaystem Su2>i>l. (1776) p. liJ8. Ex PI. Enl. 289 (Cayenne).

Todus regim Gm., Syst. Nat. i. 1 (1788), p. 445.

Mmcivora regia auct.

La Pricion, Caura R. : S 6 &d. 17. ii. 1901. " Irides brown; bill, upper

mandible black, lower medium brown ; feet and toes orange-brown" (E. Andr^ leg-)-

Nicare, Caura K. : '• J " (or ? ad. ! ?) 18. i. 1901 (E. Andrd leg.).

C 49 )

170. Myiobius barbatus (Gru.)-

iluxricapa barbata' G ml., 8 ;/.</. \,il. I., 1 (1788) p. 93:5 (ex Buff.— " Cayenne").

Suapure, Caura R. : " tj " ad. 12 April, 1900. "Iris dark grey, feet greyish

black ; bill, maxilla, and top of mandibula lilack ; rest is white " (Klages).

Al. 66, uaud. 58i, calm. lOi, tars. 16^ mm.

La Pricion, Caura R. : ? 4. ii. 1901. Al. 63, caud. 58, culm. 11, tars. 15 mm.

(Andre).

These birds agree perfectly with sj>ecimens from British Gaiaua(Whitely coll.),

except that the tail appears to be slightly blacker, a character which seems to point

towards M. barbatus atricaudus.

171. Myiobius barbatus atricaudus (Lawr.) ?

Muscicapa barbata Gml., Syst. Xal. I., 1. (1788) p. 933 (ex Buff. — ''Cayenne").

Myiobius alricawlus Lawr., Ibis 181)3 p. 183 (typ. ex Panama).

Gaicara: c? ad. ? ad. 26 Feb. 1898. "Iris blackish, feet slate, bill blackish

above, pale below." (Nos. 10278, 10270 Gherrio.)

(S al. 61, caud. 62A, culm. 9|, tars. 161 mm.

? „ 57, „ 57^, „ 9|, „ 15| „

These Gaicara birds differ from those from the Gaura R. by having the upper

breast, sides of body, and under tail-coverts suffused with fulvous. By this character

they approach M. h. xantliopijgius (Spix) from Brazil : bat the falvons tinge is not

so strong nor so sharply defined on the breast, and the rectrices are intense black,

not brownish black.

The Gaicara specimens ought to be compared with typical birds from Panama,

of which Lawrence says : "tinged with pale fulvous on the throat." Adult males

from Gosta Rica have the breast and sides of body somewhat less decidedly suffused

with fulvous, but are otherwise quite similar.

172. Myiobius erythrurus Gab.

Myiobius erythrurus Cab., Wiegm. Arch. 1844 i. p. 249 pi. 6, f. 1 {Guiana,f Cayenne).

Nericagua : c? 5. iv. '99. " Iris seal ; feet dusky greyish horn-colour ; bill

above blackish, below pale with blackish tip." (12418, Cherrie.)

La Pricion, Gaura R. : " ? ? " 31. i., 2, 7. ii. 1901 (Andr^).

Nicare, Gaura R. : " ? ? " 18, 19. i. 1901 (Andre).

Suapure, Gaura R. : ¥ (?) 12. x. (Klages).

The Nericagua specimens agree best with specimens from Brit. Guiana, but the

upper head and back are of a somewhat lighter greyish olivaceous, and the uropygium

is more suffused with greyish olive-brown instead of being pale fulvous. The

throat is less whitish, being more suffused with cinnamon, and the rufous of the

breast and abdomen is a little darker. The tail is somewhat longer.

The Gaura specimens are somewhat intermediate, having the rump less suffused

with greyish brown. Therefore, and as there is evidently a certain amount of

individual variation in this respect, it seems hardly possible to separate the Orinoco

birds as a subspiecies.

* Muscicapa fasciata Miill. Natursyst. Siippl. p. 172, quoted by Dr. Sclater with a nuury among the

synonyms of Myiobius barbatus^ does not belong to it, bnt to M, naeviu-s (Bodd.).

t We accept British Guiana as the typical habitat.

4

C oO )

Tiie wi'stera foriu, M'/iohiits cnjtlirtiriis fulmgulans Salv. k Godm., is qnite

flistiiict in liiiviiii; the tVoiitnl region more rnfescent than the \\\)\wv head, in having

the throat more strongly snti'nsed with ochre-einnamon, and the breast and abdomen

also of a deeper ochraceons cinnamon.

173. Empidochanes arenaceus (Sol. k Salv.).

OcMhoeca arenacea Scl. & Salv., P.Z.S. 1877 p. 20 (Bogota).

Altagracia: J(? 2, 22, 14. xii., 13, ai. i., 1, 5. ii., 29. xi., ?? 13, 24. i., 1, 5. ii.,

16. xii. " Iris seal. Iris Vandyke ; feet slate ; bill black."

Caicara : c? 12. iii.

(Nos. 8924, S971, 9199, 9261, 0353, 9669, 967(1, 9758, 9759, 9794, 992U, 9921,

10016, 10017, 10477 Cherrie coll.)

174. Empidonax pileatus (P. L. S. Mull.).

Muscicajia pilmta P. L. S. Milll., Satur,y,t. Huppi. (1776) p. 172 (ex PI. Enl. 574 fig. 2.— Cayenne).

Mu^-Jcapa oUva Bodd., Tabl. PL Enl. (1783) p. 34 (ex PI. Enl. 574 fig. 2.-Cay6nne).

Snapnre : ? 24. iv. '99. " Iris brown ; feet light grey ; bill black and white"

(S. M. Klages coll.).

AI. o9i, caud. 55J, culm. IH, tars. 13 mm.

The specimen agrees perfectly with a skin collected by Goeriug at C'aripe, and

with another of the so-called Orinoco make in Mus. H. v. B.

The above name is somewhat doubtful. Uaiibenton's figure and Buflbn'g

description in the Hist. Nat. Ois. IV. p. 544 (under the name of " Le Gobe-Mouciie

olive de Cayenne ") are poor and by no means very clear. It is therefore somewhat

arbitrary to accept Miiller's name, but in any case it has the priority over M. oliva

of Boddaert. If M. pikata is not accepted, a new name must be created.

Empidochanes altirostris Cab. is apparently the same as E. arenaceus.

175. Horizopus brachytarsus depressirostris (Ridgw.) ?

{Cmtopus hnirhijtarms Scl., Ibis 1859 p. 441 (typus ex Cordova, Mexico, Salle' coll,).]

Contopus ,1,'preesh-Oflris Kidgw., Prnc. C.S. A'ul. .Mus. VI. (1883) p. 403 (Los Sabalos, Nicaragua).

Altagracia : " ?" in freshly moulted plumage, 16. xii. '97.

" Eyes seal ; feet black ; bill black above, pale below." (No. 9252 Cherrie coll.)

Al. 66i, caud. 59i, culm. 11|, tars. 12^ mm.

The female from Altagracia agrees fairly well with spi'cimens from Pto. ('abello

(in Mus. H. V. B.), but differs by presenting smaller diiuensions, esjiecially a smaller

bill, by having the back a little more sulfused with greenish, the abdomen somewhat

more strongly tinged with snlphnr-yellow, the breast less ashy, and by having

broader whitish borders to the larger upper wing-coverts and inner secondaries.

These dift'erences are slight, and some may be due to difference of sex (the

Altagracia specimen being a female) or age. A larger series of specimens must

therefore be examined, and if possible compared with the type of Hidgway's

depressirostris in order to make out satisfactorily the proper name to be attached

to the specimen from the Orinoco.

Contopus aHdinu.% Tacz., P.Z.S. 1874 p. 539 (Juuin, Central Peru), is larger,

and, judging from the measurements given by Taczanowski, seems to be the same

as C. virens (L.)

r .M )

176. Myiarchus tyrannulus (P. L. S. Miill.)-

Muscicajia tyrannulus P. L. S. Miill., Niiturxijsl. Siqipl. (1776) p. 169 (ex PI. Enl. 571, f. 1.

" Cayenne ").

Altagracia : SS 26, 18, 25. xi., 20. xii., 24. i.. ¥ ? 15, 25, 27. xii. '97 ; 6, 6. i.,

'98 ; 20. xi.

Caicara : 6 i U, 16. ii., 18. iii. '98 ; ? iii. '98. " Iris seal ; fee^ blackish slate ;

bill black. Iris sepia brown.''

(Nos. 8713, 8749, 8849, 8869, 9223, 9394, 9456, 9526, 9542, 9791, 9987, 9988,

10057, 10112, 10318, 10517 Cherrie coll.)

Ciudad Bolivar : c? 11. vi., 6S 12. vii., <S lo. viii., 6 6. xii. (Klages).

(N.B.— We have not beeu able to compare the Orinoco birds with Cayenne

specimens.)

177. Myiarchus ferox venezuelensis (Lawr.).

IMuscicapa ferox Gml., Syst. Nat. i. (1788) p. 934 excl. var. ^ (ex. Brisson— " Cayenne ").]

Myiarchus venezmleiinh Lawr., Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Philad. 1865 p. 38 (Venezuela, coll. Nash).

Altagracia : c?c? 22, 25, 29, 26. \\., 3, 21. xii., 3, 4, 13. i., ? 19. i.

Caicara : i 6 7, 10. v., 25. vi. " Iris seal ; feet blackish slate ; bill black."

(Nos. 8779, 8848, 8878, 8917, 8999, 9331, 9490, 9511, 9681, 9744, 9972, 10899,

10909, 10969, 11226, 11311 Cherrie coll.)

Perico: Si 22, 25. ix.

Ciudad Bolivar : ? 2. viii. (Klages).

178. Myiarchus tricolor Pelz.

Myiarcluis tricolor (Natterer) Pelz., Oni. Bras. II. (1870) pp. 117, 182 (typ. ex Rio de Janeiro).

Myiarchus coalei Ridgw., Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. IX. (1886) p. 520 (loc. ign. !) (The type of .1/. coalei

has been examined by Berlepsch. It i.s of the so-called Orinoco make, and is labelled " Orinoco

Venezuela? ")

Qniribana de Caicara : i ad., ? ad., 26, 21. iv. '98.

Nericagua : ¥ ad., ¥ jnv. 29. iii. '99.

" Iris seal ; feet and bill black, or feet slate-black."

<?: al. 79, caud. 74, culm. 18i, tars. 18A mm.

¥ ¥ : al. 7.5|— 73i, caud. 70— 07i, culm. 16|— 16^, tars. 18A mm.

(Nos. 10799, 10817, 12300, 12301' Cherrie coll.)

The Orinoco skins agree perfectly with a topotype from Sapitiba (Prov. Rio,

Natterer coll.) examined by Berlepsch, also with a Bahia skin in Mus. H. v. B., and

with skins of the so-called Orinoco or Venezuela make.

179. Empidonomus varius (VieilL).

Muscicajiii viiria Vieill., Xouc. Diet. xxi. (1818) pp. 458, 459 (ex Azara — " Paraguay ").

Qniribana de Caicara : cJ ad. 25. iv., S juv. 6. iv., ¥ 14. iv.

Nericagua : ¥ 24. iii.

Caicara : cJcJ 21. iv., 29. vi. '98, ¥ ¥ 23, 29. iv. '98. "Iris seal : feet black

bill })lack dusky horn-colour at base of mandible."

(Nos. 10729, 10801, 10814, 10879, 10953, 11007, 12240, 12447 Cherrie coll.)

Ciudad Bolivar : cj 4. viii., ? ¥ 30. vii., 27. vii., 6. viii. (Klages coll.).

( 52 )

isii. Tyrannus dominicensis (Gm.)-

Lanius TyrannUK B dominkemia Gmelin, Sijst. Nat. i. (1788) p. 302 (ex Brias. — " S. Domingo ").

Qniribana de Caicara : " ?" 31. iii. '9s. " Iris seal, feet black."

(No. 10574 Cherrie coll.)

Al. 114A, caud. s9, culm. 'Zl\, tars. IT.t mm.

Apparently of rather rare occurrence on the Continent. Berlepsch has, however,

seen many specimens in Bogota collections.

181. Tyrannus melancholicus (VieilL).

Tyrannus melancholiata Vieill., Xour. Did. xxxv (1819) p. 84 (ex Azara — "Paraguay").

Altagracia: cJc? 5, 13, 9, 16. xi., 22, 9, 15, 17, 21, 24, 31. xii. '97 ; 3, 5. i.,

13. iv. '98 ; ? ? 10. xi., 27. xii. (bis) '97 ; 4. i. '9S.

Qairibana de Caicara : c? ? 13, 15. iv.

Caicara : cJ 7. iv. '98 ; 14. ii., 14. iv. 'y.s ; ? 4. iv. '98 (breeding).

Ciudad Bolivar : <? c? 23. ii., 28. vii., ? ? 1,7. vii., 20. xii. (Klages).

" Iris seal (dark sepia) (dusky brown) (dusky) : feet blackish ; bill black."

(Nos. 8481, 8539, 8557, s()19, 8791, 8911, 9116, 9222, 9239, 9264, 9329, 9350,

9391, 9392, 9469, 9486, 9513, 9526, 10058, 10606, 10639, 10712, 10716, 10744

Cherrie coll.)

La Pricion : 2, 13. xii. 1900 (E. Andr^).

A nest with two fresh eggs was taken on Ajjril 13th, another on the 15th.

The parent birds were shot iu both cases. The nest is loosely put together of dry

twigs, roots and grasses, and has no other lining, except that the material is finer

in the middle. The cup is flat and about 60 to 70 mm. across. The nests were

placed at the end of twigs in " scrulvoak," si.v to seven feet from the ground. They

were not concealed in auy way.

One clutch of the eggs has the ground colour almost white, the other of a rosy

cream-colour. There are many red-brown and some underlying mauve-coloured

spots and blotches, more frequent towards the thick end. The eggs measure

26 by 18'6 and 24'7 by 17-5 mm.

182. Milvulus tyrannus (L.).

Miiecicapa tyrannus Linn., S^.s(. Nat. I. Eii. XII. (ITiilJ) p. 325 (ex Brisson — •' Canada " [errore],

et " Cayenne ").*

Altagracia: c?c? 4, 15, 17, Is. xii., 6. i., ? ? 4, 15. xii. "Iris seal; feet

blackish ; bill black."

Ciudad Bolivar : ,S <S 12. vii., 21. xii., ? ? 21, 25. vii. (Klages).

(Nos. 886s, 9034, 9217, 921s, 9219, 922o, 9221, 9265, 9278, 9537 Cherrie coll.)

183. Cirrhopipra filicauda (Spix).

Pqira filicatuhi Spi.\, .Ir. Bruii. II. (182',l) p. 5. tab. 8. fig. I, 2 (hab. prope pagum S. Paulo,

Rio Solimoes).

Maipures : 6'6 ad. 6, 12, 17, 24, 27. xii. '98 ; JcJ juv. 12, IS. xii. '98 ; ? ¥ ad.

6, 12, 16, 17, xii. '98. "Iris cream-colour, pale cream-colour; feet beliotrope-

pnrple ; bill blackish above, plumbeous below ; "i ? heliotrope-])urple below."

(Nos. 11356, 11357, 11440, 11442, 11443, 11444, 11445, 114sl, 114S4, 11490,

11514, 11515, 11603, 11604, 11620, 11818 Cherrie coll.)

• We accept Cayenne as the typical habitat.

( 53 )

184. Pipra erythrocephala (L.).

Parus cri/lhrocephalus Linn., Si/st. Nat. Ed. X. (17.5S) p. 101 (ex Edwards — Surinam).

Pipra mmcopiUn Licht.

Maipures: iS ad. 12, V.\, HI, IT, Is, 19 (bis) .\ii. '98; S juv. 4. iii. '99 ;

¥ ? 12, 21, 23. xii. '98.

Samborge : cj juv., ? 16. ix. '98.

Nericagua : t? juv. 28. iii. '99. " Iris cream-white, smoke-grey ; feet pearl-

crey, greyisli flesh-colour ; bill pearl-white, dusky blackish above, pale below."

(Nos. 11164, 11165, 11166, 11446, 11447, 11448, 11457, 11485, 11486, 11488,

11489, 11513, 11524, 1152.5, 11563, 11590, 12175, 12284 Cherrie coll.)

Suapnre : <? cJ S ? , February, March (Klages).

La Pricion, Caura River : October, February (E. Andrd).

Nicare, daura River : .January (Audr^).

La Union, Caura River : December (Andre).

185. Pipra virescens Pelz.

Pipra virescens Pelz., Ziir Orn. Bras. (1870) pp. 128, 187 (ex Barra do Rio Negro, etc.).

Nericagua : "<?" juv. and " ? " ad. 7. iv. '99. " Iris olive-bnff, feet slate-colour,

bill above black, below greyish flesh-colour."

(Nos. 1246.5, 12466 Cherrie coll.)

8uapnre : c? ad. 5. iv. 1900. "Iris greyish white, feet black, maxilla black

with pale grey edges, mandible grey with greyish white base " (Klages).

186. Pipra leucocilla L.

Pipra leucocilla Linn., ilns. Ad. Frid. II. Prodr. (17C4) p. 33. (Loc. ign. — we substitute Surinam.*)

Suapure, Caura R. : 6S ad. 17. ii., 6. iii., 13. iv. '99 ; ? ¥ ad. 24. iii., 25. iv. '99.

"Iris red-violet, feet black, maxilla black, mandible dark blue-grey" (S. M. Klages

coll.).

La Priciou, Caura R. : c? J ? ¥ Dec. 1900, Jan., Feb. 1901 (E. Andre').

Nicare : (^ cJ ¥ ¥ Jan. 1901. "Iris chestnut, feet slate, beak black" (E. Andr^).

(In Colombia a form occurs with longer wings and deeper black, more velvety

upper surface. This is P. lencocilla coraciiia Scl., P.Z.S. 1856, p. 29.)

187. Chiromachaeris manacus (L.).

Pipra Manacus Linn., Si/.s/. Nat. Ed. XII. i. (170(;) p. 340 (ex Edwards (hab. "supposed to be

Surinam ") and Brisson pt.).

Maipures : S juv. 24. xii. '98. " Iris seal, feet orange, bill blackish above,

plumbeous below."

(No. 11596 Cherrie coll.)

La Union, Caura River : 21. xi. 1900 (E. Andrd).

* Linnaeus' nomenclature of this bird is full of errors. In the tenth edition he named a Paws pipra

(p. 190, hab. "in Indiis ! "), with the same diagnosis (*' P. *ater capite supra albo ") which he gives for

his Pipra leuciu-illa in the Prodr. Mux. Ad. Fridr. \\. p. 33, while the diagnosis in the Prodr. for Pipra

IcucocepJuila is '* P. nigra capite albo," and he quotes .Soba (ii. p. 102, t. 96 f. 5), who apparently described

the northern form of our Pipra lencocilla. Unfortunately, however, Linnaeus adds a more detailed

description (" Statura Motacillae, similis sequenti, sed rostrum paulo vaHdius. Corpus totum nigrum.

Caput totum album. Vibrissae ad os. validiores quam in congeneribus "), which seems to be referable to

Arundniicola Icncoccpliala, and which corresponds with the description of Pipra leucocephala (= Arundi.

nicida Icncttcephala) in the Prodr. Mus, ad. Frid. ii. p. 33. The quotation from .Seba appears in the

Prodroimts as a synonym of Pipra Inicocephala.

It follows th.at Parux pipra L. is a " mixtum compositum '* of Pipra lencocilla and Arundinicola

leucocepfiala, and therefore cannot be used as a name for one of these two species.

( 54 )

188. Machaeropterus pyrocephalus (Scl.j.

Pipra pyrocephala Scl., Ret: <t Mii</. Zonl. 1852 p. 9 (Hab. loc. ignota — we substitute Upper

Amazons, Ucayali).

Lii Pricion, ('aura River: cJ c? ad. 13, l.j. xii. 1900. " Irides reddish, upper

mandible blackish brown, lower jiale brown, feet very pale brown" (E. Andrd).

189. Scotothorus amazonum (.Scl.>.

Heteropehna amazonum, Scl., P.Z.S. 1860 p. 466 (typ. ex Chamicuros, Huallaga).

Nerieagua: "? ?" 23. iii. 7. iv. '99 (nos. 12224, 12407).

Mnndnaiio : c?c? 4, 12. iii. '09 ; ? 20. ii. '99.

(Nos. 12U30, 12176, 1219() Cherrie coll.)

"Iris seal, feet slate-grev, bill dusky lilackish, paler at base of mandible, feet

greenish olive-grey."

Hartert lias corajiared the type s])eeimens in the British Museum, and found

that they had the outer aspect of the wings, the tail and rump a shade more

reddish brown, but he does not consider the evidence of so few skins sufficient for

separation.

189a. Scotothorus wallacei (Scl. & Salv.).

Heteropelma icallacii Scl. & Salv., I'.Z.S, ISl'iT pp. o79, 595 (Lower Amazons — typ. ex Pari in

Brit. Mu9.).

Nicare, Caura R. : January isth, 1901 (E. Andre). "Iris black; bill black;

feet dark bine-grey."

La Pricion, ('aura R. : February 17th, 1901 (E. Andre).

Both these birds are marked " ? ," bnt one being mnch larger is probably a male.

The two specimens from the Caura River agree fully with the specimens of

H. wallacei in the British Museum. They lack the reddish throat and crown of

//. amazonum.

(The generic name Heteropelma Bp. 1S54 is preoccupied by Heteropelma Wesm.

1849. Of Oder/i. Proc. Philad. Ac. 1899, p. 208.)

190. Heterocercus flavivertex Pek.

Heterocercusfliivlivrle.r Pel/,., Zur. (Ini. lims. (187U) pp. 1'2D, 18G (ex Rio Negro, etc.).

Maipnres : <? c? ad. 12, 18, 20. xii. '98 ; ? ? 13, 17, 22, 24, 29. ,xii. '98.

Perico: ? ? 20. xi., cJ juv. 23. ix. '98 ; J ad. 22. ix. " Iris seal, feet slate,

bill black, slate at base of mandible."

(Nos. 11194, 11211, 11285, 11280, 11396, 11448, 11449, 11458, 11492, 11510,

11511, 11520, 11579, 11594, 11595, 11012, 11045 Cherrie coll.)

The young male is perfectly like the female, only the wing is 2 mm. longer.

The Maipnres birds do not diifer materially from typical specimens collected

by Natterer on tlie Rio Nigro and the Rio Vaupe, with which we have compared

them. Our skins are generally a little lighter green on the upper parts, and the

chestnut on the ujijier breast is also of a somewliat lighter shade. In the Rio

Negro specimen the vertical sjiot is of a deeper anrautious colour than in the

specimens from the Orinoco and the Rio Vaup6.

Should these small differences prove to be constant the Orinoco form might

perhaps be called H.J/avivertex angosturae Berl. & Lev., but as yet we have not

seen the malr bird from Angostura.

( 55 )

HU. Tityra cayana (L.).

Lniihis an/diius Linn., Siist. Nut. Ed. XII. i. (1766) p. 1H7 (ex Briss. — Cayenne).

Maipures: S <S ad. 31. xii., 22. xi., 31. i. ; ¥ ? 22, 31. xii. '98; 31. i. '99.

" Iris seal ; feet slate-grey ; bill, basal half reddish purple, tip of maxilla black,

tip of mandible slate. ?, bill, basal half rose-pink, tip of maxilla blackish, tip of

mandible slate."

Nos. 11316, 115S1, 11604, 11065, 11808, 11809.

Suapure : c? cj ? ? , February, April, March (Klages).

La Pricion, Caura River: S ad. 2. ii. 1901 (erroneously marked " ? ")

(E. Andrd).

192. Tityra erythrogenys (Selby).

Psaris erythrogeni/s Selby, Zool. Jourii. II. (1826) p. 48:rl (Deac. J , hab. Pernambuco, Brazil).

Rio Catanapa : c^ ? ad. 26. xi. '98.

Perico: ? ad. 25. ix. '98.

Maipures : <S <S 28. i. '99, 14. xii. '98 ; ? 14. xii. '98. " Iris seal ; feet dusky

slate ; bill above black, slate below."

(Nos. 11227, 11346, 11347, 11407, 11408, 11787 Cherrie coll.)

Suapure : c? ¥ 7. iv. 1900. " Iris dark browu ; feet black ; maxilla and anterior

margin of mandible black, mandible and an irregular patch on each side of the base

of the maxilla light blue-grey " (S. M. Klages).

It is very strange that the large southern T. inquisitor Licht. (Typus ex " San

Paulo," Brasilia merid.) has generally been confounded with the very different

northern form, T. erythrogenys (Selby) (Typus ex " Pernambuco," Brasilia orient,

septentr.).

Specimens from Minas (A. Roliert coll.) and a trade skin from South Brazil

in Tring Museum, wliich we consider to be the same as Lichtenstein's inquisitor,

are much larger. The upper surface of the females is more washed with brown

and more heavily spotted ; the males have a large pure white area on the hindneck

between the black crown and the grey back.

The Orinoco and Suapure specimens, as well as skins from Demerara and

Lagunillas, Venezuela, in Tring Museum, are considerably smaller. The back

of the females is grey, hardly washed with brownish at all ; the males have no

conspicuous white area between the black caj) and the grey back, and the black

reaches a little farther down towards the back.

Minas : $$ wing 113, 116, tail 71, tars. 21, bill 22 mm.

Minas : ? wing 114, tail 09, tars. 21, bill 22 ^ mm.

Orinoco and Guiana : 3 cJt? ad. wing 102, 105, 108 ; tail 64, 64, 06 ; tars. 19,

19, 19i; bill 19, 19, 20i mm.

Orinoco : ¥ ad. wing 102, tail 65, tars. 20, bill 19 mm.

Lanius inquisitor Licht., Verz. Doubl. p. 50 (1823) (Typ. " San Paulo") is the

proper name for the southern species, although the author omits measurements.

Psaris jardinii Swains., Zoo^. ///., ser. 2, i. (1829), pi. 35 and text, is apparently

a synonym of inquisitor. The locality is uncertain (interior of Brazil Ij, but the

statement that it is as large as Tityra cayana and the white patch on the hindneck

on the figure prove it to belong to the large form.

Exetastes alhinuchus Cab. &_Heine, Mus. Rein. ii. (1860), p. 83 (" Brasilien"!)

is also synonymous to this form, as far as we can- make out without an actual

comparison of the various types ; in any case it does not belong to erytkrogenys.

( •'ifi )

Pxriris rn/f/n'Oi/r/ii/s is iippai'ciitly tho iirojicr name for tlio siiiiill iiortlicni form ,

the locality is IVrnamlmco, ami Swainsoii (jVa/. Li/)/: Flycatclier.'i, p. 8i! [184:i])

states that it is smaller than Lichtcnsteiii's inquisitor, and gives measurements

that agree lietter with tlic northorn species, his figure also sho^v^ng a much spotfe<l

npperside.

li»:5. Hadrostomus minor (Less.).

Querula minor Lesson, 7V. iVOrn. I. (18.S1) p. 363. (Hab. Cayenne.)

Snapnre, ('aura River: S immat. 0. iii. 1890 (Klages). "Iris brown; feet

black ; bill, maxilla, ti[) and margin of niamlilile black ; rest dark grey."

I'-M. Pachyrhamphus cinereus (Bodd.).

Piprn riwrea Bodd., rahl. PL Enl. (1783) p. 43 (ex PI. E,il. no. 687.— Cayenne).

Caicara : (?(? ad. 1,3, 2(). iii., 27, 2S. iv., 29. vi. "98 ; ? ? 1, 2, 26. iii., 7. v.,

30. vi. '98.

" Iris dark seal ; feet ])lnmbeous ; bill pinmbcons, tip of maxilla black.

? ? : bill pinmbeous black at tip and along ridge of culmen."

Altagracia : ? , 2. xii.

(Nos. 8982, 1U316, 10317, lii34.i, 103(lii, in.-).-)."., liioOO, 10."">07, lu851, 10865,

iniiiil, Iim:?. 11(117, 11(118 Cherrie coil.)

19.J. Pachyrhamphus niger (Spix).

Pachyrhynchus niger Spix, Ar. Bran. II. (182!l) p. 33, pi. 45, fig. 1. (Brasilia — we substitute

"Amazonas props Fonteboa").

Maipnres : S ad. 31. xii. '98 ; <S ad. 2^. i., ? 31. xii. '98.

Caicara : S 7. vii. "98, J 9. viii. '98 ; ? 29. iv.

Altagracia : ? 4. xii. "97 ; d 2. ii. '98.

" Iris seal : feet slate-grey ; bill ]ilnmbeons, black at ti]) of maxilla."

(Nos. 9024, 9943, 1088(i, 11(162, 11(19."), 1119.-), 11196, 11304, 11662, 11663,

11786 Cherrie coll.)

Perico : c?c? ad. 22. ix., 21. xi., <? juv. 22. ix. '98.

Cindail Bolivar : cj ad. 3. xii. '98 (Klages).

Suapure : J ad. 0. iii. '99 (Klages).

La Fricion. Canra : 14. xii. 190(i (Andre).

196. Pachyrhamphus atricapillus Merrem.

Ltuiius atririt/iillus Merrem, Ar. /ran. ft Descr. (1784) p. 2(!, Taf. VIII. (Surinam).

(Berlepsch is of opinion that Merrem's L. (itrinipiUiis is not exactly enough characterised to accept

his name for the P. iilrirdpiUiix aut., and that it agi-ees equally well with P. niger (Spix). If

(itriaijiilitix is not accepted, then Toclus marginatum Licht., Dimbl. Ver:. (1823) p. £il ( J ) (Bahia),

is the next, but in this case a northern form might be separable as a subspecies.)

Mnndnajjo : S iid. 47. ii. '99 (Cherrie). "Iris seal: feet plumbeous; tip of

maxilla black."

Suapure : t? ad. 5. iii. '99 ; ¥ 11. ii. '99 (Klages). "t? ad. : iris brown ; feet

dark grey ; bill bine-grey ; maxilla tipped with black. ? : iris and feet dark grey ;

maxilla black ; mandible mottled black and white."

La Pricion, (aura: 3 ad. (erroneously marked '•?") 5. ii. 19(il (E. Andr6).

" Iris blackish : maxilla black ; mandible grey ; feet and toes medium grey."

( ■^< )

]f»T. Lathria cinerea (VieiU.).

Ampelis ciiiirea VieiU., Xmiv. Dixt. VIII, (1817) p. 162 (typ. ex Cayenne).

MmnicaiM pbwihen Licht., Doubh Vrrz. (1823) p. 53 (typ. ex Bahia).

Mnnduapo: Si ad. 14, 15, 17. ii. '99.

Nericagna: S6 ad. 0, 7, 8. iv. "99 ; ? 1. iv. '99. « Iris dusky (dark) grey ;

bill black, smoke-grey at base of mandible ; feet greenish grey."

(Nos. 1194.S, 11940, lIO.jO, 110.-)4, llO.w, 11956, 11988, 12358, 12454, 12455,

12456, 12462, 12477 Cherrie coll.)

Suapure : c? c? February, March (Klages).

La Union, Caura : S S December (Andrti).

Pricion, Canra : c? ad. December (Andre).

There is no difference tietween Bahia specimens {plumbea) and Guiana birds

{cinerea).

198. Laniocera hypopyrrha (VieiU.).

Ampelis hypnpyrryi Vieillot, Nour. Diet, d' Hist. Nat. VIII. p. 1G4. (Hab. La Guyane, sc.

Cayenne).

Nericagna "c?" 5 April, '99. "Iris seal; feet drab-grey: bill black, dusky

brownish at base of mandible" (no. 12426 Cherrie).

Suapure, Caura River: "J" 15. viii. '99; "??"27. ii., 27. iv. '99 (Klages).

" Iris brown ; feet grey ; bill black ; base of mandible grey." One of "Jhnales "

has on the middle of the breast some briglit ochraceous feathers with black tips,

the others not.

La Pricion, Caura: "cJc?""?" February (E. Andr6). " Irides brown; feet

grey ; bill black."

Nicare : " ? ," January (E. Andr6).

La Union : "tj ?", December (E. Andr^).

None of these specimens, except the one from Suapure, have rnfons feathers

and black spots on the nnder-surface. The specimens from Suapure and Nericagua

are more pale olive, less gre3nsh, below. The one from La Union, and two "c?"

from La Pricion, have the patches on the sides of breast lemon-yellow, all the

others rnfons, the "S" from Nicare and a "c?" from La Pricion brightest. What

does this difference mean ? Is it due to age or what ?

The generic term Laniocera {Lt;ss. Rev. Zool. 1840, p. 353) has precedence over

A all a.

199. Lipaugus simplex immundus (Scl. & Salv.) (?).

Muscicapa simpler Licht., Douhl. Vers. (1823) p. 53 (typ. ex Bahia).

? Lipaugus inniiundus Scl. & Salv., Niimeiicl. ar. ncotr. (1773) pp. 57, 159 (typ. ex Oyapoc, Cayenne).

Perico : "c?" 19. xi. '98 (no. 1 1279). AI. 101 , cand. 97, culm. — , tars. 22^ mm.

Nericagua : "?" 25. iii. '99 (no. 12225). AL 96i, caud. 90i, culm. 18^, tars.

21 mm.

"Iris chocolate-brown, feet slate, bill blackish, dusky at base of mandible."

Suapure : c? 21. vii. '99, 3 ? ? 2. iii., 9. iv., 2. .xi. '99 (S. M. Klages coll.).

La Pricion : c?c? ? ? December, February (E. Audr^ coll.).

These specimens agree with skins collected in British Guiana by Mr. Whitely,

and witli Bogot^^ skins in Mus. H. v. B. They differ from Bahia specimens by the

darker and purer shade of the schistaceons colour of the body (more olivaceous in

( 58)

true simplex), and h\ the iiuich diirker coloration of the abdomeu. We are not

sure if the term imr/iittir/us Scl. & Salv. based on Cayenne specimens is applicable

to this northern race of L. simplex.

200. Attila uropygialis (Cab.).

Dasyeephala uropyyialh Cab. in Schnmh (iidaiin III i> I'.sC (1848) (Coastal forests of Brit. Guiana).

Snapnre : c? 13. iii. '99, "<? ?" 14. iv. 1900, c? 20. x. 1900. "Iris dark yellow-

orange, feet dark grey, bill blackish, base of mandible whitish" (Klages).

La Pricion : J ? 3, 4. ii. Hjol (E. Andre coll.).

The (? (?) shot in April agrees very well with specimens collected on the Rio

Carimang by H. Whi(ely in ls8."i, but the S from the month of October is more

rnfons on the upper surface.

2Ul. Rupicola rupicola (L.).

Pipra rupicola Linn., Si/gt. yul. Ed. XII. 1 (17l>6) p. :i38 (ex Bris.s.— hab. in Snritianio, Guiaua).

Mountains west of Suapnre : 4 JJ ^, 3, 7, 9. v. 1900. " Iris reddish orange ;

feet, coarse scales reddish orange, rest yellowish orange ; bill, colour of plumage,

distal half light yellow '" (S. M. Klages).

202. Querula purpurata (F. L. 8. Mull.).

Muxcicajia pui-piiriilii P. L- S. MiLll, Xatiirsi/at. tiiippl. (1776) p. ICD, no. 29 (e.x. Buffon.— Cayenne).

Musckapii cruenia Bodd., Tabl. PL A'h/. (1783) p. 23 (ex PL E„l. 381.— Cayenne) ; unde Querula

(TueiUa aut.

Snapure, Canra R. : S ad. 3. iii. '99, ? ? 1, 3. iii. '99. " Iris brown, feet

black, bill dark blue-grey " (Klages).

La Pricion, Canra R. : ? 4. ii. 19ul (E. Andr^).

203. Cephalopterus ornatus Geoifr.

CejjhalopUrus onmlns Geoffr., A7111. ,1. Miis. XIII. p. 238, pi. 17 (1809). (Loc. incert. We

substitute Cayenne).

Samborge : c? ad. 1 7. ix. '98. " Iris pearl-grey, feet slate-grey, bill black

above, plumbeous below."

Nericagua : ? 28. iii. '99 (nos. 11168, 12290 Cherrie coll.).

204. Gymnoderus foetidus (Linn.)

Grucula fml'ula Liun., Sijsl. Nat. Ed. XII. 1 (1766) p. 164 (America.— Rolander. We supplement

Surimiiu).

Mataben : ? 6. ii. '99.

Munduapo : ? 23. ii. '99.

Bichaco : <? 18. ix. '98.

Nos. 11171, 11841, 12079.

" ? Iris plumbeons, bill blackish slate at tip, cinereous at base, bare skin

cobalt blue, feet olive-grey, sides of tarsi between scutella in front and scales

behind antwerp blue, bare skin on neck and on abdomeu cobalt blue."

" d Iris, etc., as in ? , bare skin on head and neck delicate pearl-grey, shading

almost into cobalt blue on median above and below."

( o9 )

205. Synallaxis albescens albigularis (Scl.).

[Synallaxis albescens Tem., PL Col. (1823) 227, f. 2 (Bresil)].*

Syiutllaxis alhigularis Scl., P.Z.S. 1858 p. 63 (typ. ex Rio Napo, Ecuador).

Caicara: c? c? 19, 22. ii., II. iii. ; ¥ 19. ii., 25. ii. '98, 11. viii. '98.

Altapracia : <S d 15, 16, 18. xi. ', 11, 17, 27. xii. '97 ; 3, ID, 22, 27. i. '98 ;

3, 12. i. '98 ; S ? 17, 27. xii. '97 ; 3, 8, 10, 14. i. '98.

" Iris inside russet, feet olive-buff, outside grey, bill dusky." " Iris vandyke,

feet pea-green, bill black above, plnnibeons below."

Suapnre, ? 11. iii. '99 (Klages).

(Nos. 8611, 8625, 8655, 9155, 9263, 9400, 9479, 9480, 9598, 9601, 9602, 9641,

9642, 9677, 9699, 9767, 9768, 9852, 10162, 10163, 10273, 10457, 11115.)

Two eggs, one in a nest, the other from the oviduct, were taken on August 11,

1898. Unfortunately nothing is said about the situation of the nest, but it appears

to have been placed horizontally with the entrance-hole at one end. It is a most

extraordinary structure of about 44 cm., and composed of pieces of dry twigs about

three to five inches in length. All are put together very loosely in a bnsh, with

short and thin but most formidably sharp thorns. There is a hole at the narrower

end, and a sort of chamber in the broader portion. It is astonishing how such a

small bird (wing about 55, tail 80 to 85, total length not more than 150 mm.)

worked together such a large structure. The eggs are of a uniform pale cream-

colour with a slightly greenish tinge, and measure 21 by 15 and 20 by 15 mm.

206. Synallaxis cinnamomea (Gm.).

Certhia cinnamomea Gml., Syst. Nat. Ed. I., 1 (1788) p. 480 (ex Latham loc. incf).

Altagracia : cJ(? 27. xi., 7. xii. '97 ; 5, 10, 26. i. '98 ; ? ? 21. viii. '96 ; 27. xi.,

7, 13. xii. '97 ; 3, 10, 14, 21, 22, 25, 26. i., 3. ii. '98.

" Iris brown, vandyke, light sepia, inner ring russet, outer drab (grey) ; feet

jilumbeons (pea-green) ; bill black above, pale below (plumbeous below, slaty below,

whitish below).

(Nos. 8887, 8888, 8889, 8956, 8957, 8958, 9000, 9066, 9067, 9068, 9184, 9481,

9532, 9583, 9603, 9604, 9700, 9755,9756, 9769, 9770, 9817, 9818, 9826, 9827,9828,

9829, 9964, 9965 Cherrie coll.)

Cindad Bolivar "cJ," 7. vi. '98 (Klages).

207. Synallaxis gujanensis (Gm.).

Motacilla gujune/mls Gm., Sysl. Nul. I. (1788), p. il88 (e.x Buflon. — Cayenne).

La Pricion, Caura River: d"?, 1 sex? 13. xii. lOiiii. " Irides brown ; upper

mandible black, lower silvery grey ; feet olive-brown."

208. Synallaxis vulpina alopecias (Pelz.).

[Sytiullaxis rulpina Pelz., Sitzungslrr. Akcul. Wirn XX. (185ij) \i. 1G2 (Brasilia}).]

Synallaxis alopecias Pelz., Sitziingsber. Ahid. Wini XXXIV. (1859) p. lUl (Brasilia §).

Altagracia : c?c? 13. i., 5. ii., 14. xii. ; ? ? 13, 15. i. ; .5. ii. '98.

Caicara : c? 2, 4. ii. ; ? ? 21. ii. '98.

Maipares : ¥ 27. xii. '98. " Iris vandyke ; feet sage-green ; bill seal abovp,

lilac-grey below."

• We substitute I'rov. S. Paulo. % The typical specimens came from Matogrosso.

t We substitute Cayenne. § The type came from Forte do Rio Branco.

( 60 )

Cindad Bolivar : ? ? 9, 20. xii. '98 (Klages).

(No8. 920o, 9674, 0675, OCTfi, 071 •^, 071:!, liiiii;5, HmU, luulS, ln|,x7, 10188,

10189, 1U23:?, 11627 Cherrie coll.;

Cherrie's birds agree perfectly with rd/.clirs description of his S. alopecias.

209. Synallaxis rutilans Temm.

Synallaxu rutihitu Temm., PI. Col. (1823) 227. Fig. 1 (px Bn'sil*).

Nericagiia : 6 S 21, 28, 30. iii., S jnv. 22. iv. '09 ; ? 4. iv. '99. " Iris chestnut ;

feet sage-green (mouse-grey) ; bill above black, below blackish slate-colour."

(Nos. 12216, 12286, 12314, 1230s, ]2."J26, 12.527 Cherrie coll.)

Snapnre, Canra : ? ? 11. i v. lOdi) (Klages).

La Pricion, (Janra : 2, 4. ii. lOiil (Andr^).

Nicare, Caura : SS Is. i. lonl (Andrd).

La Union, C'aura : ? 17. xii. lOOO (Andr^).

210. Siptornis hyposticta (Pelz.).

Synallaxis In/poslklu Pel?.., Sil:her. Akad. Wia, XXXIV. (18.-.9) p. 102 (Brasilia t).

Mundnapo : J <? 16, 25. ii. '99 ; cJ ? 3. ii. "99 ; ? ? 25. ii. '99.

Nericagua : tj 23. iii. '99. " Iris brown (russet brown, wood-brown) ; feet

sage-green (olive, oil-green) : bill above clove-brown (slate-bhick), below dusky

drab, slate-grey (above dusky, pale below)."

(Nos. 11816, 11974, 12108 (bis), 12222 Cherrie coll.)

La Pricion : 2 c?J, 3 ? ?, December lOOO, .January lOUl. " Iridrs very light

grey (or greyish white) ; upper mandible black, lower grey (or medium brown) :

feet and toes bright (or light) olive-green "' (E. Andre).

The specimens from La Pricion show the foreneck and chest a little more

yellowish than our specimens from the Orinoco, but this difference is not likely to

be a constant character.

211. Thripophaga cherriei sp. nov. (PI. XII. f. 2).

T/ir. corpore supra obscure rufesccntc olivaceo-bruuneo, absque striis vel

maculis, pileo pallidiore magis olivaceo, corpore subtus cnm capitis lateribus

clariore fnlvescento olivaceo brunneo, collo inferiore, pectore, capitisque lateribus

striis angustis definitis fulvescenti-albis instructis, macula |magna in gnia snperiore

intense aurantio-rnfa, alis extus obscure castaneo-brunneis, canda tectricibuscjue

snpracaudalibus obscure castaneis, tectricibus subalaribus cinnamomeis, remigibus

intns fnlvo-brunneo marginatis ; maxilla pedibusqne cornels, mandibnla flavescente.

6 al. 67, caud. 08, culm. 14A, tars. 19 mm.

? „ 66, „ 65, „ Ui, „ 18imm.

Habitat : circum Capuano, Rio Orinoco.

Typus: in Mus. H. von Berlepsch (? 5. ii. '99).

This new species, which we have great pleasure to name after its discoverer,

Mr. G. K. Cherrie, seems to be quite distinct from any species described hitherto.

In its uniform upper surface it resembles somewliat Th. J'u.Hciceps Scl. from

Bolivia ; but it is a much smaller bird, and has a dark orange-rufous mark on the

upper part of the throat wanting in that species.

* We substitute " Rio Negro." t The type came from tlie liio ^'egro.

( 61 )

Tlie ujiptr jjarts of the body in the new s])ecies are of a dark olivaceous brown

with a riifescent tinge, whieli is not observable on the jiilcum, Ihis being of a ])aler

olivaceous brown. The under parts of the body are of a much clearer olivaceous

brown with a fulvescent tinge. The lower throat, the upper breast and the sides

of the head show a narrow and sharp creamy bnfF stripe in the middle of each

feather, which is widening a little to the tip of the feather. The large mark on

the upper throat is of a dark orange rnfous colour. The upjier surface of the wings

is of a dark but vivid rufous brown. The tail, with the upper tail-coverts, is of a

bright chestnut. Tlie under wing-coverts are cinnamon, and the inner margins of

the remiges are fulvous brown. The upper mandible and the legs are dusky brown,

the under mandible is yellowish.

Capuano : d ad. in much worn plumage, ¥ 5. ii. '99.

" Iris wood-brown ; feet sage-green ; bill above dusky smoke-grey, below pale

grey."

(Nos. 11834, 11835 Cherrie coll.)

The J'emale is like the /nale, ouly the back is slightly more rufous, and the

longitudinal marks on the chest are more fulvescent. It is also a little smaller.

212. Automolus turdinus (Pelz.).

Anabates turdinm Pelz. Sitzber. Akad. Wien (1869) p. 110 (ex Brasilia*).

Munduapo : (?c? 3, 27. ii. '99. "Iris seal; feet sage-green ; bill above light

clove-brown, below pea-green."

(Nos. 11822, 12135 Cherrie coll.)

213. Automolus sclateri (Pelz.).

Awibales sdiilerl Pelz., Sitztim/xbei: Al.nd. Wkii XXXIV. (1859) p. 11 1 note. (Ex A. infuscatu

Scl. (nee Tenim.) Ann. d-'it,iy. N.IT. 2 XIII. p. 408). {Hab. Barra do Rio Negro, etc. We

take Barra do Rio Negro as the typical habitat.t)

Nericagua: d ud. 21. iii. '99, ? 31. iii. '09. S " Iris seal, feet pea-green, bill

above blackish with pale catting edges, below slate-grey, paler basally." ? " Iris

dark, feet plumbeous pea-green, bill as in c?." (Nos. 12217, 12342 Cherrie coll.)

La Pricion, Cfiura River : February 1901 (E. Andre coll.).

La Union, Caura River ; December 1900 (E. Andre coll.).

Nicare, Caura River : January 1901 (E. Andr^ coll.)

" Irides brown ; upper bill blackish, lower pale ; feet olive-green."

214. Philydor consobrinus rufipileatus (Pelz.^

[Philijc/oi- coimobriims Scl., P.Z.S. 1870 p. 328 (ex Bogota -Coll.).]

Aiiabalrs rufijnlmfug Pelz., Sit^bn: Ahnl. Wien. XXXIV. (1859) p. 109 (Para).

F/i. Pli. comohrintis dicto simillimus sed colore corjwris inferioris rnfescentiore

et obscuriore, alis extus magis olivaceo minus rufo-bruuneo tinctis distinguendus.

Al. 88, caud. 80i, culm. 211, tars. 21 J mm.

* Pelzeln's specimens came from Borba (Rio Madeii'a), etc.

t I take this opportunity to call attention to two skins in Mr. Rothschild's Museum, collected at

Bemavides, near Pari, in Eastern Brajil, on July 27 and 2S, 1879, by I'rof. J. B. Steere. They differ from

all the thirteen specimens uf Aut&nu'lus sclateri in the British Museum and eleven in Tring in their less

rufous, more greyish crown and nape. One (presumably an adult male, and marked '' viale " by the

collector) is of the same size or somewhat Larger, as typical Au. sclateri, the other (presumably young, not

sexed) has the bill very much smalkr than all the rest. I name this form —

Automolus sclateri paraensis subsp. nov.

Type : male Bemavides, near Para, 27. vii. 1879, Tring Museum.— E. Harteet.

( 62 )

Habitat : in Veneznela, circum Suapnie.

This bird is probably the same as F. nijipileatus, of which Berlepsch has

examined the type.

Suapure : ? 28. viii. '92. " Iris light orange, yellow-oraugi' ; feet light grey ;

bill, maxilla brown edged with pale grey ; maudibula light brownish grey "

(Klages).

Compared with several Bogota skins in Mus. H. v. B. the Huapure bird differs

in the more rufescent and darker under-surface of the body, and in the more

olivaceous less brownish shade of the upper-side of the wings.

Another specimen, perfectly agreeing in colour with the type, was got at

La Priciou on the Caura, Dec. 14, 1900, by Mr. Andre. It is also marked ? .

" Irides orange-yellow, upper mandible blackish brown, lower paler, feet olive-

green."

Wing 90, tail 82, tarsus 21| mm.

This specimen may possibly be a male, being larger than i\i&/ema,le.

215. Philydor pyrrhodes (Cab.).

Annhales jiyi-rhodes Cab. in Schamb. Rtise Brit. Guiiimi III. (1848) p. 1)89 ("Kiiste von Brit.

Guiana' ).

Nericagua : "c?cf" 27. iii., .j. iv. '99 ; ? 13. iv. "99. " Iris seal ; feet yellowish

sage-green ; bill above light clove-brown, below pea-green."

Munduapo : S S 2, 13. iii. '99.

(Nos. 12164, 1220.5, 12273, 12425, 12507 ( 'herrie coll.)

21(5. Xenops genibarbis 111.

Xenops genibarbis Illig., Prmli: (1811) p. 213 (typ. ex Cameti, Brazil).

Munduapo : c^c? 18, 24. ii. '99 ; ? ? 25. ii. '99.

Nericagua : S S juv. 29. iii. '99 ; ? 1. iv. '99.

Maipnres : ? 20. xii. '98. " Iris seal ; feet slate-grey ; bill above black, below

pale with dusky lip."

Suapnro : cJcJ ? ?, February, March, Ajiril (Klages).

Nicare : cj c? ? , January.

La Union : S December (E. Andrt^).

(Nos. 12008, 12009, 12ul9, 12093, 12107, 12303, 12329, 12363 Cherrie coll.)

217. Sittasomus amazonus Lafr.

SilUisomus nnwzoivis Liifr., Rev. d: .Maij. ilc Zuul. 18JU p. WM (Haute Amazon— voy. Ca.steluau).

Suaimre, Caura R. : S 9. iv. 1900 ; "? ??" 9. iv. 1900 ; 12. ix. '99 (Klages

coll.).

These birds agree well with specimens from Mt. lioraima, British Guiana

(Mus. H. v. B. and Triug), and are not materially different from a specimen from

Monterico, C. Peru, in JIus. H. v. B.

S. griseus from Tobago is very different, the head, mantle and underside being

greenish olive, not grey. Skins from Cumana seem also to belong to gi-iseus.

S. olicaceus (\\'ied) from Bahia is also quite distinct and nearer to S. erithacus

(Licht.), of which it might eventually form a subspecies.

( 63 )

218. Glyphorhynchus cuneatus (Licht.).

Deiulrocolaptes cuneatus Licht., Abh. Akud. Bn-l. 1820 p. 204. tab. 2. fig. 2 (typ. ex Bahia: cf. Ahh.

1822 p. 266).

Munduapo : c?c? 2, 13, W, 18, 20. ii., 12. iii. '99 ; ? 14. ii. '99.

Nericagna : cJt? 23. iii., 7. iv. '99 ; ? 1. iv. '99.

Capuano : 5. ii. '99.

Maipures : <S 30. xii. '98.

Snapure: cj ? April 1900 (Klages).

La Pricion : ? ? January (E. Andre).

Nicare : <? ? January, December (E. Andre).

(Nos. 11656, 11944, 12007, 12020, 12161, 12197, 12210, 12223, 12368 Cherrie

coll.)

219. Dendrornis rosti'ipallens sororia snbsp. nov.

[Deiidrornis roslripalleiis Des Murs, Voy. Casteln. Ois. (1855) p. 45. PI. 12, fig. 2 (typ. ex Amazon

Bup.]

J>. a D. rostripallens dicta, cui ma.xime affiuis videtur, maxilla cornea (nee

pallida), rostro paulo graciliore et corpore subtiis magis fulvescente-olivaceo, minus

rufescente lavato distingueuda.

6 al. 120—118, caud. 106—103, culm. 39—37, tars. 25—24 mm.

? „ 108-104 „ 104—90 „ 39 „ 27— 23i „

Habitat : in regionibus fluminis Orinoco : circum Perico, Mai[)ures, etc.

Typus : Mus. Berlepsch, no. 113.50 cj, Maipures 6. xii. '98.

Perico : c?(? 23. ix., 19, 20. xi. '98 ; ? ? 22, 30. ix. '98.

Quiribana de Caicara : S 29. iv. '98 ; ? 27. iv. '98.

Maipures : <?<? 6, 13, 22. xii. ; ? 27. xii. '98.

Bichaco: S 18. ix. '98.

Suapure : c? 21. ii. '99 (Klages).

La Pricion : <?c? 14. .\ii. 1900 ; ? 5. ii. 1901 (E. Andre).

Nericagua : c? t? 5. iv. '99 ; 25. iii. '99.

Munduapo : SS 20. ii., 12. iii. ; ? 10. ii. '99.

" Iris seal-brown ; feet slate-grey ; bill blackish slate above, below dusky grey

with blackish tip."

(Nos. 10844, 10874, 11172, 11193, 11200, 11240, 11280, 112»1, 11288, 1135(1,

11463, 11578, 11625, 11899, 12027, 12200, 12249, 12427 Cherrie coll.)

This form comes nearest to I), rostnpallens Des Murs of Upper Amazonia, liut

differs by its blackish maxilla, somewhat slenderer bill, and more olivaceous less

rufescent uuderparts of the body. The sjiecimens from Muuduajio and Nericagua

come very close to true J>. rostripallens in having the maxilla partly pale-coloured

and the utider-surface of the body more rufescent. A specimen from Quonja,

British Guiana (coll. Whitely), agrees with our birds from Perico, etc. Specimens

from Pto. Cabello in Mus. H. v. B. are somewhat smaller, and form the passage to

D. nana (Lawr.) ex Panama.

It is not without hesitation that we mtroduce a new name into this already

complicated group of the genus Deiulrornis, but the form from the Orinoco does

not quite agree with any of the hitherto recognised forms, and none of the

numerous names already in existence can be safely applied to it. We now propose

the name Dendrornis rostripallens sororia for the Orinoco bird. A thorough

( 64)

understanding of the various allied forms can only be effected liv a comparison of

Lafresnayes and Des Murs' ty])es, and with a larger material than is available at

present in any one museum. Hartert has compared most of the material in the

British Museum, and he has come to the conclusion that Dendrornis guttafoides

Sclater (nee Lafr !) Cat. B. Brit. Mtis. XV., p. 128, from Cayenne and British

Guiana, is the same as our i). r.sororia; while the real Deiu/roriuH Q'' yasica"')

quttatoides Lafr., Ri'c. et Mag. Zool. iSoU, p. 387 (ex Colombia), is quite a different

bird, with a much more rufous underside. The description of Xasica beauperthuysii

Puch. et Lafr., Rec. I'.t Mag. Zool. 1850, p. 419 (ex Peru), also does not suit our

sororia. {N.bi'aupertkui/.^ii is given by Sclater \_Cat. B., XV'., p. 133] as a synonym

o{ Dendrornis stisurran.i, but this can hardly be correct I) Dendrornis eijtoni Sel.

is also somewhat similar to our sororia, but the apparently entirely black bill,

whiter throat and pectoral spots distinguish it well enough. The types of

Dendrornis poh/sticta have also a much whiter throat, more blackish edges to the

feathers of the jugulum and breast, and a shorter bill ; but Hartert has the

impression that they are not very adult, and he thinks that it is not quite

impossible that they are the young of our sororia (= guttatoides Scl. nee Lafr. !),

and that one of the skins in the British Museum supposed to be poh/sticta is

certainly indistinguishable from Sclater's " guttatoides" {fvoxn the same locality 1)

and our sororia. More material must be examined.

220. Dendrornis pardalotus (Vieill.).

Dendrocopns pardalotus Vieill., Nouv. Did XXVI. (1818) p. 117 (ex Cayenne).

Nericagua: Jc? 31.iii. '99 ; ? 1. iv. '99 ; ? 31. iii. '99. " Iris seal, feet slate-

grey, bill above dove-brown, below smoke-grey."

(Nos. 12335, 12336, 12352 Cherrie coll.) "

Suapure: 66 15. ii. '99 ; 11, 28. iv. '99 ; ? ? 13, 25. iv. '99 ; 9. xii. '99

(Klages).

La Pricion : ? 15. xii. 19U0 (Andre).

221. Dendrornis obsoleta notata (Eyt.).

IDetidrocolaptes obsoklm Licht., .-Ibliundl. Akad. iSa-l. ( 1818-19) publ. 1820 (ex Para— of. ibid. 1822,

p. 265).]

Picolaptes notatiis Eyton, Contr. Urn. 1852 p. 26 (no locality — We substitute Rio Xegro).

Dendroplex similis Pelz., Ziir Orii. Bras. (1868) pp. 46, 64 (ex Eng. d. Gama, Matogrosso, etc.).

Altagracia : ? ? 13, 17, 21. i. '98.

Mnuduapo : SS ^,1, 10, 11, 23, 25. ii., 1, 3, 12. iii. '9'.i ; ? ? 2, 4, 18. ii. "99.

Caicara : S 9. iii. '98.

Maipnres : cJc? 31, 6. xii. '98.

Nericagua : S 23. iii. '99.

" Iris seal, feet slate-grey, bill dnsky fawn-colour, below drab."

(Nos. 9682, 9733, 9800, 9947, 10429, 10536, 11307, 11666, 11821, 11827, 11898,

1191.5, 11996, 12077,.12r24, 12125, 12148, 12173,12198, 12199, 12221 Cherrie coll.)

SS al. 102—98, caud. 86—75, cnlm. 26i— 23, tars. 21— 20i mm.

?? „ 90—89, „ 77—73, „ 24|— 21J, „ 20— 19i mm.

Suapure: iS 25. iv., 27. v. '99 (Klages) ; ? 27. ii. '99 (Klages).

La Pricion : {?(??? February and December. " Irides brown, beak whitish

brown, lower mandible paler, feet greenish olive to greyish brown " (E. Andre).

( 65 )

Hartert has compared our skins with the type of Pkolaptes notata Eyt. iu the

British Mnseum, and found them to agree perfectly.

Berlepsch has compared (!herrie's skins with Natterer's specimens from Mato-

grosso (D. similis Pelz.), and has found them also to agree perfectly with the latter.

Berlepsch has further examined the type of Dendocolaptes obsoletus of Lichtenstein

in the Berlin Museum, and has stated that it comes nearest to our birds, but differs

by the rnfescent stripes on the back, being less conspicuously (or not at all)

bordered laterally by black. More specimens from Para will show perhaps that

this is an individual character, and that D. obaohta is a species inhabiting a large

area, viz. Amazonia, Matogrosso, and the Orinoco region. D. midtiguttata Lafr.,

from Upper Amazonia, united by Sclater with D. similis of Pelzeln, is apparently

distinguishable by its slightly more rufescent undersurface of the body, somewhat

stronger bill, and longer wing.*

222. Dendroplex picus (Gm.)

Oriolu.'i Picus Gm., Sijst. Nat. i, 1. (1788) p. 384 (ex Buff.— Cayenne).

Perico : cJc? 20. xi., 23. ix. ; ? ? 24. ix. 20. xi. '98.

Maipnres : cJc? !S, 10, 14. xii. '98 ; ? ? 12, 23, 31. xii. '98.

" Iris Vandyke (hazel) ; feet dusky greenish, sage-green, pea-green, greyish

pea-green ; bill whitish horn ; dusky grey at base of maxilla ; vinaceous pink,

pale greyish horn ; slate-black at base of mandible."

(Nos. 11201, 11219, 11225, 11289, 11290, 11291, 11391, 11410, 11437, 11469,

11689, 11667 Cherrie coll.)

223. Dendroplex picirostris (Lafr.)

Dciidriicnhiiites pwirostris Lafr., Rev. Zool. 1847 p. 76 (typ. ex Rio Hacha, Colombia).

Altagracia : c?c? 9, 16. xi., 1, 7, 15. xii. '97 ; 6, 13, 28. i. '98 ; ? ? 4, 8, 19. xi.,

11, 14, 15, 21. xii. '97 ; 13, 15, 19. i. '98.

Caicara: Si ad. 14. ii., 4. iv. '98 ; ?? 14. ii. '98 ; <? jnv. 2. viii. '08.

" Iris Vandyke, chocolate, seal-brown ; feet sage-green, olive ; bill vinaceous

pink, horn-colour, pale horn.

(Nos. 8466, 8516, 8543, 8675, 8742, 8955, 9071, 9169, 9204, 9233, 9234, 9330,

9.543, 9678, 9679, 9680, 9723, 9745, 9883, 9884, 10054, 10055, 10056, 10608, 11067

Cherrie coll.)

Ciudad Bolivar : ? ? (?) 10. 27. xii., 6. viii. '98 (Klages).

There is a certain amount of variation in the more or less rufous or olive-brown

tinge both below and above, and the specimens from Ciudad Bolivar are mostly

somewhat more olive.

The young male from Caicara (no. 11067 in Tring Museum) is like the adult

birds, only the bill is much darker (" dusky blackish " !) and much shorter.

224. Xiphocolaptes orenocensis sp. nov.

X. corpore supra obscure olivaceo rufo-brunneo, pileo nigrescente, pilei

nuchaeque plumis lineis angustis fnlvo-albis scapalibus instructis ; gula rnfescenti

alba, corpore inferiore reliquo capitisque lateribus fulvescenti rufo-brunneis, colli

* The type of D, viultufuttata came from Fonteboa. Berlepsch has a specimen from tiaraya^u,

E. Peru, which he believes to be identical with it.

5

( 66 )

inferioris pectoris ventrisnue superioris oapitisqiie laternm plnmis stria mediana

fulvo-alba signatis, abdominis medii plnmis maculis pogonio utroque tribus nigris

(fasciis instar) ])raeditis, alis caiidaque obscnrc castaneis, rostro albo-corneo.

Ohsfrentio : A', colore corjioris X. promeropirhi/m-fiiis dicto similis, sed dorso

obscnriore bruuneo, pectore abdomineqne magis rnfo-bninueo. minus olivacco, alis

candaqne quoque obscurius castaneis, rostro longiore et crassioro, alis caudaque pro

usu longioribus distingnendus.

Al. 140, 143, 145, 146 ; caud. 125, 120, 13U, 133 ; cnlm. 52^, 56, 57 ; tars. 32,

32J, 33, 34 mm.

Habitat : in vie. locornm Nericagna et Munduapo dictornm, Orinoco.

Typus: in Mus. Tring $ Nericagna, no. 12484.

Nericagna : $ (ad.) 12. iv. '99.

Mnudnapo : " ? ?" (ad.), 23, 25. ii. '09 ; juv. 15. ii. '99.

(Nos. 11963, 12075, 12105, 12484 Cherrie coll.)

" Iris seal ; feet plumbeous pea-green ; bill dusky drab-grey, below pale smoke-

grey."

This quite distinct new species has a very long and powerful bill, agreeing in

form nearly with that of A. major, while in its coloration it resembles most

X promeropirhijnchus, differing, however, in its darker back, and the more rnfous

brown, less olivaceous tint of the lower parts of the body, as well as in the much

darker chestnut of its tail and wings.

(A. emic/rans of Central America is smaller, and is easily distinguished by the

much lighter tail, while the colour of the upper surface is not so very different.)

225. Picolaptes albolineatus (Lafr.).

Detidrocolapies albolineatus Lafr., Rev. Zool. 1846 p. 208 (Colombie on Mexique*).

Quiribana de Caicara : cJc? 2, 7, 8, 29. iv. '98 ; ? ? 6, 11, 25. iv. '98.

Caicara : c? c? 23. ii. '99 ; 25. vi. '98.

" Iris seal, feet dusky pea-green, bill blackish at base, drab at tip, pale grey

below."

(Nos. 10217, 10584, 10635, 10640, 10658, 10660, 10694, 10«15, 10S76, 10964

Cherrie coll.)

226. Nasica longirostris (Vieill.).

Dcndrocopus longirostris Vieill., Nouv. Diet. XXVI. (1818) p. 117 (ex " Br^sil " t).

Maipures ; 7. xii. '98 ; t? 9. xii. '98.

Perico : 6 22. xi. '98.

Nericagna : i 12. iv. '99.

Salvajito : S 29. xi. '98.

Mundnapo: (J 23. ii. ; ? ? 11, 16. ii. '99.

" Iris seal, dusky Vandyke, chestnut ; feet slaty (plumbeons) ; bill above pale

horn, below vinaceons (dusky brownish towards base of maxilla), pale vinaceous

horn-colour, pale drab brown, dnsky at base."

(Nos. 1131S, 11349, 11369, 11408, 11965, 12078, 12485 Cherrie coll.)

* We substitute Bogota. f We substitute Eio Negro.

( 67 )

221. Xiphorhynchus trochilirostris (Licht.).

Dendrocolaptes trochilirostris Licht., A!j/>. Akad. Berl. 1820, p. 207, tab. 3. (ex Bahia, cf. Abhandl-

1822, p. 263).

Altagracia : 6 <S lo. i. '08, 30. xi. '97, 4. ii. '98, ? 15. xii. '97.

Caicaia : <J 11. iii. '98.

Qairibaiia de Caicara : c? 30. iv. '98.

" Iris dark sepia ; bill vinaceous rufous (hazel) ; feet olive-green."

(Nos. 8940, 9235, 9724, 10000, l045fi, 10887 Cherrie coll.)

228. Dendrocincla merula (Licht.).

Dendrocolaptes merula Licht., Ahh. Almd. Berl. 1820 p. 208 (ex Cayenne, typ. in Mus. Berol.).

Munduapo : S 25. ii. '09.

Nericagua : S i "i. iv., 24. iii. '99.

"Iris olive-brown, feet plumbeous, bill above clove-brown, below olive-grey,

dusky at base."

(Nos. 12109, 12111 Cherrie coll.)

Suapure : iS, 20, 21. ii. '99 ; ? 20. ii. '99.

" Iris light grey, feet grey, maxilla black, mandible nearly white, slightly

tinged with yellowish grey" (Klages).

Nicare : ? 9. i. 1901 (E. Andrei).

228a. Dendrocinda phaeochroa sp. uov.

D. D. meruloides (Lafr.) dictae affinis, sed paulo major et corpore supra subtusque obscure olivaceo-

brunneo, minus rufescente tincto, necnon gula sordide albescente (nee gula coUo concolore)

distinguenda.

t?(? al. 108, 109 ; cand. 94 ; culm. 29 ; tars. 24i mm.

? ? al. 106, 107, 108 : caud. 86, 86|, 87 ; culm. 28| ; tars. 24^ mm.

Typus : c?, Munduapo 10. ii. '99 (no. 11895 Cherrie coll.).

Bab. Ad flumina Orinoco et Caura dicta.

Munduapo : <S 6 10 (ter), 16, 18, 25. ii. '99; ? lU. ii. '99.

Maipures : <? ? 9, 13. xii. '98.

Nericagua : <?<? 24. iii., 7. iv. '99.

(Nos. 11398, 11462, 11894, 11895, 11897, 11975, 12006, 12110, 12245, 12459

Cherrie coll.)

Suapure : d" ? 18, 20. ii. '99 ; ? 15. v. '99 (Klages coll.).

La Pricion : December 1900 (E. Andre).

This new species differs from I/, meruloides from Venezuela (Ciimaua, San

Esteban, etc.) in its less reddish, darker and more olivaceous brown colour, its

distinctly whitish upper throat and slightly larger dimensions. It differs from

D. merula, which occurs in the same localities, by its larger bill with a brownish,

less blackish upper maxilla, more olivaceous, less rufous upper wing-coverts, lighter

colour above and below, less contrasting, less chestnut-rufous under tail-coverts,

and paler under wing-coverts and lining of the quills.

It is most interesting to find 1>. merula and D. phaeochroa in the same

localities. Hartert hesitated for some time to recognise them as two species, but

he is now, together with Berlepsch, fully convinced of the correctness of their

distinctness.

( 68 )

229. Dendrocolaptes certhia (Bodd.).

Picus certhia Bodd., Tabl. PI. Enl. (1783) p. 38 (ex PI. Enl. 621.— Cayenne).

Nericagna : cJt? 29. iii., 1, 7. iv. '99 ; ? 31. Hi. '99.

Mnndnapo : <? ? 23, 25. ii. '99.

" Iris seal ; feet ])lnmbeons (pea-green, sage-green) : bill above brown, below

pale rnsset, clove-brown rnsset at extreme base of mandible."

Matabeu : c? c? 6. li. '99 (Cherrie).

Snapnre : S S 22. iv., 25. v. '99 (Klages).

Nicare: i S 18. i. 1901 (Andr^.

La Pricion : ? 15. xii. 1900 (Andrt?).

(Nos. 11838, 11839, 1207(i, 12106, 12304, 12334, 123.55, 12460 Cherrie coll.)

230. Cymbilanius lineatus (Leach).

Laniw< linetitns Leach, Zool. Misc. I. PI. VI. p. 20 (1814). (Hab. Berbice, Brit. Guiana.)

La Pricion, Canra R. : 3SS Feb. 190l ; 3 ? ? Dec. 1900 (E. Andr6).

Nicare: c? 18. i. 1901. " <? Iris red-brown; npper bill black; lower grey;

feet bine-grey " (E. Andre).

Snapure : ? 13. iii. '99 (S. M. Klages). " ? Iris red; feet light grey; bill,

maxilla black, mandible light gre)^"

231. Thamnophilus lunulatus (Less.).

Lanius lunulalus Less., Traite d'Or}i. p. ST.*), PI. XLV. fig. 2 (Cayenne). (Sclater, Cat. B. XV.

p. 183, quotes as the first name of this species Thamnophihi.^ riridis Vieill., Xotir. Dirt IH.

(1816) p. 183, though not accepting it. We cannot see how this name can be placed among

the synonyms of this species, as the bird is described as green above, while it has no green in

the plumage, and the locality is uncertain. On the other hand it appears quite safe to accept

the name lunulatus, and we do not know what reason induced Mr. Sclater to reject it.)

T/iaiunophilusfuligiitosus Gould.

Suapure, Canra R. : 25. x. 1900. "Iris red; feet blue-grey; bill black"

(S. M. Klages).

232. Thamnophilus major albicrissus (Ridgw.).

[Thamnophilus major Vieill., Xoiw. Diet. III. (1816) p. 313 (ex Azara — Paraguay).]

Tliamnophilus albia-issus Ridgw., Proc. J7.S. Nat. Mus. XIV. (1891) p. 481 (ex Trinidad).

Caicara: c?c? 23, 24. vi., 1. iii., ? ? 23. ii., 23. vi. '98.

Perico : S 23. ix., ? 23. ix. '98.

Maipnres : ? ? 6. xii., 30. xii. '98.

Mnndnapo : <? 3. iii., ? 9. ii., cj 18. ii. '99.

Snapnre : S S Jannary, April, ? Jnue '99 (Klages).

La Pricion : 5 cjc?, 1 ? February, December (Andre).

" Iris madder-brown ; feet plumbeous ; bill blackish, slate at base of mandible."

? " Iris inner ring madder, outer rufous." " Iris rufous brown."

(Nos. 10223, 10344, 10954, 10955, 10959, 11198, 11199, 11351, 11655, 11885,

11995, 12172 Cherrie coll.)

An adult male of the so-called Orinoco-make in Mns. H. v. B. has the wings and

tail shorter and the bill thicker and shorter. Specimens from Cnmana (Venezuela)

also have the wings and bill shorter in many cases, but not always. Freshly moulted

T/i. major albicri.isus show distinctly white edges to the remigos, but they are

narrower than in typical major, and the tail has always considerably less white.

( 69 )

233. Thamnophilus s)>. inc.

Nicare : ? 19. i. 1901.

La Pricion : ? ? 15. xii. 1900 ; 31. i. 1901. " Irides pale yellowish brown ;

upper bill black, lower silvery grey ; feet bluish grey " (E. Aadr6).

These birds appear to be allied to Tk. luctuosus, the/emaleot which is unknown

to us. T//. luctuosus, however, is only known from Lower Amazonia. The ? of

Th. aethiops differs considerably.

234. Thamnophilus cinereoniger Pelz.

Thamnophilus cinereoniger Pelz., Orn.Bras. (1870) pp. 70, 143 (ex Rio Negro, etc.).

Munduapo : <?cJ 13, 14, 15, 20, 25. ii., 3, 4. iii., ? jnv. 10. ii., <?<? 9, 13 (bis),

14, 15, 16, 18,25. (bis)ii. '99.

Maipures : 6 S Vi. xii., c? jnv. 9. xii., ¥ 18. xii. '98.

Altagracia : c? ? 4. ii. '98.

" Iris sepia brown : feet plumbeous ; bill black, below blackish slate." " Iris

dusky grey ; bill black above and below."

(Nos.9991, 10003, 11406,11460, 11461, 11509, 11880, 11905, 11935,11936,

11937, 11946, 11947, 11958, 11959, 11969, 12005, 12028, 12116, 12117, 12118,

12171, 12178 Oherrie coll.)

Berlepsch has compared these skins with typical birds collected by Natterer on

the Rio Negro, and has found them agreeing in every respect.

235. Thamnophilus murinus Scl. & Salv.

TTinmnophihis murinus Scl. & Salv., P. Z. ti. 1867 p. 756 (ex Natterer's MS. Ilab. Cayenne,

Marabitanas, Barra do Rio Negro, Xeberos— we accept Barra do Rio Negro as the typical

habitat — ex Natterer).

Suapure, Caura R. : <S ad. 29. iii. '99 ; "6" juv. (in the plumage of a ¥), 9. iv.

? ? 9, 11. iv. 1900 (S. M. Klages).

La Pricion, Caura R. : <S 15. xii. 1900 (Andrt?).

La Union, Caura R. : c? (err. sexed ?) 17. xii. 1900 (Andrt^).

" Iris brown or dark grey ; feet grey ; maxilla black ; mandible greyish."

Our specimens agree well with those collected by Natterer.

236. Thamnophilus naevius (Gm.).

Lanius naevius Gml., Syst. Nat. i., 1 (1788) p. 308 (ex Lath.— Cayenne).

Altagracia : i 45. ii., ? ? 4, 5. ii., 27. i. '98.

Munduapo : 6 8. ii., ? ? 8, 10. ii., ? 10. ii. '99.

Nericagua : 66 25. iii., 5. iv., ? ? 25, 28. iii., 31. iii. '99.

Rio Catauapa : cJ ? 25. xi. '98.

La Pricion : c? c? ? ? February, December (E. Andr^).

La Union : ¥ 21. xii. 1900 (E. Andrd).

Snapure : ¥ 22. vi. '99 (Klages).

" Iris burnt umber, smoke grey, seal." ¥ . " Iris vandyke ; feet cinereous,

plumbeous ; bill black above, slate below (slaty grey at base of mandible)."

(Nos. 9860, 10001,10002, 10021,10022, 11337, 11338, 11872, 11873, 11906,

11907, 122.52, 12285, 12341, 12424 Cherrie coll.)

(70)

237. Thamnophilus cinereiceps Pelz.

Thamnophilus cinereiceps, Pelz., Orn. Bras. (1870) pp. 77, 145 (ex Marabitanas, Rio Negro, etc.).

Maipnres : cJt? 0, 12, 13, 20, 21, 28. xiL '98 ; 7. i. '99 ; ? ? 20, 21, 28. xii. '98 ;

c? jnv. T. i. '99.

Mniidnapo : ? ? 9. ii., 2. iii., 6 6 11. ii., 2. iii. '99.

Perico : 6 24. ix. '98.

Mataben : <? 6. ii. '99.

" Iris seal ; feet slate-grey ; bill black, dusk}- slate at base of mandible."

" Iris sepia brown ; feet plnmbeons."

(Nos. 11213, 11360, 114.54, 114.59, 11.544, 11545, lluOe, 115(;7, 11568, 11638,

11639, 11694, 11695, 11840, 11881, 12157, 12158, 11914 Cherrie coll.)

Compared by Berlepsch with a male collected by Natterer at Marabitanas,

which is in no way diiferent.

238. Thamnophilus canadensis trinitatis (Ridgw.).

[Lon«/s caiKulmxis Linn., Sysl. Xat. Ed. XII. 1 (17GG) p. 134 (ex Briss. — Canada, errore ! ).*]

ThamnopMm trinitatis Ridgw., Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. XIV. (1891) p. 481 (Trinidad).

Altagracia : 66 ad. 4, 5, 8, 12, 19, 24. xi., 3, 11. xii. '97, 15. i. '98; ? ? 11, 15,

18, 19. xi., 10, 20. xii. '97 ; 24. i. '98 ; c? ? jnv. 8, 19. xi., 11, 15. xii. '97.

Qniribaua de Caicara : ? 19. iv. '98.

Sta. Barbara : ? 4. ix. '98 (Cherrie).

Cindad Bolivar : 6 6 Dec. '98, ? Nov. '98.

Snapnre : ? 17. iv. '99 (Klages).

Mnudnapo -."6" ad. 8. ii., ? 16. ii. '99.

Maipnres : 6 ad. 10. xii. '98.

" Iris seal-brown, dnsky brown, vandyke brown, blackish ; feet plnmbeons ;

bill black (black above, plnmbeons below — slaty below)."

(Nos. 8456, 8473, 8510, 8511, 8512, 8571, 8596, 8634, 8719, 8734, 8735, 8831,

9008, 9009, 9135, 9151, 9152, 9230, 9297, 9707, 9796, 10791, 11150, 11415, 11871,

11970 Cherrie coll.)

La Pricion : Febrnary, December.

La Union : December (Andrd).

A nest was taken by Cherrie at Sta. Barbara on the 4th of September. The

female was taken on the nest (skin No. 11150). The nest is hanging on a forked

twig, in the way that an Oriole's nest hangs. It is a rather thin-walled structure,

not more than 9 by 6 cm. across. It was placed in a small, six-feet-high tree

in a dark, dense forest near the river, and contained two fresh eggs. The eggs

are short ovate, glossy white with frequent red-brown spots. They measure 21 by

16 and 205 by 16 ram.

239. Thamnophilus doliatus fraterculus subsp. nov.

[Lanius doliatus Linn., Mu.i. Ad. Frid. II. Prodr. (1764) p. 12 (loc. ign.t).]

Th. 6 a mari L.' doliatus dicti differt plumis pilei albis latins nigro terminatis,

vittis nigris in corpore infcriore mnlto angnstioribns, necnon vittis albis in rectricibus

latioribus, potius macnliformibns nee linearibus.

Hab. In Venezuela.

Typus : 6 ad. Altagracia in Mns. H. v. B.

* We Bubstitute Cayenne. f We substitute Surinam.

( 71 )

Altagracia: JcJ 4, 0, 12, 23. xi., 6 3 jnv. 0, in, 17. xi., 8. xii., ? pnll. 23. xi.,

? ? 17, 19. xi. 3. xii. '07.

" Iris straw-yellow ; feet plumbeons ; bill black above, plnmbeons below."

(Nos. 8455, 8537, 8595, 8670, 8693, 8695, 8696, 8737, 8759, 8797, 8798, 9010.

9088, 9494, 10220 Cberrie coll.)

Caicara : c? ad. 23. xi. '98.

('iudad Bolivar (Angostura) : 3 S 9, 31. viii., 1. ix., 31. xii., ? ? 6. viii., 1. ix. '98

(Klages).

The Altagracia, Caicara and Angostura specimens agree with others from

Pto. Cabello in Mus. H. v. B. The males from Venezuela differ from the males

from Surinam and Cayenne in Mus. H. v. B. by having the white feathers of the

crest more largely tipped with black, the white being consequently more concealed ;

also in the under parts of the body being much whiter (the black bars there being

much narrower), and by the white bands on the tail feathers being larger, more like

spots, and not so linear as in trae doliatus.

The markings on the throat (in the males') are somewhat more longitudinal

in this form than in typical doliatus. This form seems to be widely spread in

Venezuela, and occurs also in the Venezuelan Andes, where another species,

Tkamnophilus bricenoi Hart., Nov. Zool. 1898 p. 220, PI. IV., is also found.

240. Pygoptila maculipennis (Scl.).

Tkamnophilus macuUpennis Scl., Edinb. Phil. Joiirn. n.s. I. (1855) p. 247. " Quixos in Cisandean

Ecuador and Chamicurros on the Peruvian Amazon (Gould)." We accept as typical habitat

" Peruvian Amazons," as the type said to be from that locality is so marked in the Brit. Mus.

Munduapo : (?<? ad. 18, 20, 27. ii., 1. iii., ¥ 23. ii. '99.

Nericagua : cJc? ad. 1. iv., 12. iv., c? jnv. 24. iii., ? 1. iv. '99.

La Union : c?(J ? ? Dec. 1900.

La Pricion :(?<??? December, February (E. Andr^).

" Iris Vandyke ; bill above black, below slate grey ; feet plumbeons."

(Nos. 12015, 12029, 12088, 12132, 12146, 12239, 12360, 12361 Cherrie coll.)

241. Dysithamnus ardesiacus Scl. & Salv.

DysUhamnm ardesiacus Scl. & Salv., P. Z. S. (1867) p. 756 (Ecuador — type Rio Napo).

Suapure, Canra R. : 6S 4. v., 23. vi. '99 (S. M. Klages).

La Pricion : ? ? 14. xii. 1900 ; 2. ii. 1901 (E. Andr<^).

Nicare : 4 cJcJ 18, 28. i. 1901 (E. Andr^).

La Union : SS 17, 21. xii. 1900 (E. Andrt^).

" (J ? Iris brown ; upper mandible black, lower dark grey ; feet slate " ( Andr(^).

242. Thamnomanes glaucus Cab.

Thamnomanes glavcus Cab., Wiegm. Arch. 1847, t. 3 (1847) p. 2.30 (typ. ex Cayenne).

Munduapo : cf c^ ad. 7, 18, 23, 27. ii., ? ? , ad. 3, 7, 23, 27. ii. '99.

Bichaco: <J ad. 18. ix. '98.

" Iris dnsky or seal ; feet plumbeons (slate-grey) ; bill black above, below

dusky slate (pale below)."

(Nos. 11175, 11824, 11825, 11857, 11858, 12002, 12003, 12041, 12090, 12091,

12128, 12129, 12379 Cherrie coll.)

( 72 )

Nericagna : " ? jnv." 3. iv. '99.

Snapnre : c? <? ? ? April, June, November (Klages).

La Pricion : cJ c? ? ? Febrnary, December (Andr^).

Nicare :(?<??? Jan. 19ul (Andre).

La Union : c? ? December (An(lr(i).

243. Myrmotherula cherriei sp. nov.

S mari M. surinamensis dictae similis, sed cauda multo longiore, striis nigris

snbtiis latioribns, rostro toto nigro facile distingnendus. ? feminae .1/. sxrhiamrnsis

dictae dissimilis, snbtns Inteola late nigro striata, cauda longiore, jiileo nigro plnmis

Inteolo marginatis. Long. tot. ca. 94, al. 50 — 52, caud. 3()J— 32^, rostr. 14^ — 15J,

tars. 17 — 18 mm.

Ilnb. Ad flumen Orinoco dictnm et in C'ayenue. (T3-pns no. 11292, Perico

20. xi. '98 Cherrie coll.)

Perico : c?(? ad. 23, 24, 25. i.x., 20. xi., ¥ ? 23. 27. i.x., t? jnv. 27. ix. '98.

Maipures : cJc? 7, 8. xii., ? 9. xii., c? jnv. 8. xii.

" S ad. Iris seal ; feet plnmbeons ; bill entirely black."

(Nos. 11203, 11204, 11205, 11212, 11210, 11229, 112.37, 11292, 11381, 11387,

11402 Cherrie coll.)

This hitherto overlooked species diiFers from M. surinamensis in the male sex

in its much longer tail, the much wider black stripes on the under surface, the

middle of the throat and abdomen also being striped, rather wide white tips to

the rectrices, shorter white borders to the feathers above, so that the upper surface

appears blacker, and black mandible as well as maxilla. The female is still more

strikingly distinct. The crown and hindneck are black with buff edges to the

feathers, the under-surface is buff striped with black. The tail is much longer.

The sexes are equally large.

Hartert has examined the series in the British Museum, and finds tliat the

skins from Oyapoc, in Southern Cayenne, belong to our new species, one of them

(already queried by Dr. Sclater), however, apparently erroneously labelled, being

M. surinamensis.

These birds have nothing to do with Sclater's multostriuta.

M. multostriata * (type from Dcayali, Peru) has a female with a striped

nnder-surface ; but the stripes are narrower, and the crown is black with deep

rusty cinnamon edges to the feathers ; the males are whiter below, with the

black stripes narrower ; the middle of the throat and abdomen are almost pure

white ; moreover the adult male has a whitish under mandible. Sclater was wrong

when he stated {Cat. B. Brit. Mus. XV. p. 231) that his multostriata was based on

young males ; nor does the series in the British Museum show that " intermediate

forms are represented in specimens from Panama, Guiana, and Colombia." The

striped under-surface of multostriata stamps it as at least a very well marked

subspecies of M. surinamensis.

Onr M. cherriei is, by its long tail, somewhat more allied to M. longicauda

Berl. & Stolzrn.,! from Central and North Peru and Bolivia, which, however, has

the throat and middle of the abdomen uniform white, unstriped in the male, and

a still longer tail. T\\g J'etnale of lo?igicauda h&s the crown black with buff, not

chestnut-rufous edges, and the under surface is much lighter and very little striped.

* Sol., P. Z. ,S'. 185S p. 234, pi. 141 (M. mullutriata would have been more correct).— E. H.

t 7ii», 1*94, p. 394.

(73)

244. Myrmotherula surinamensis (Gm.).

Sittii siirinamensis Gm., Sygt. Nut. I. 1 (1788) p. 442 (ex Latham — Surinam).

Mnuduapo ; <S ad. 15. iii. '99. "Iris seal ; feet slate ; bill above black, below

slate grey." (No. 12212 Cherrie coll.)

Nicare, Caura R. : cJc?? Jan. 1901. "Upper mandible black, lower grey,

feet light slate grey " (E. Andrfi).

La Priciou, Canra R. : i 7. ii. 1901 (E. Audr6).

Mato River : ? ? 10. iii., 24. ii. 1900 (S. Klages).

Snapure : ? ad. 29. iv. '99 (S. Klages).

These specimens agree fully with others from British Guiana, collected at

Camacnsa, Carimang and Takntn rivers, by the late H. Whitely, which are evidently

referable tu the true surinamensis of Gmelin (ex Latham). The females of this

form have the whole crown chestnut rufous, striped with black, and the under-

snrface is uniform rusty buff, very seldom with a few indications of narrow

stripes. The males have the under mandible always whitish, not pure black, as

in M. cheiriei.

245. Myrmotherula pygmaea (Gm.).

Muacicapa pygmaea 6m., Syst. Nut. I., 1 (1788) p. 933 (ex Daubenton & BuSon — hab. Cayenne).

La Priciou, Caura R. : S ad. 18. ii. 1901. " Irides blackish ; upper mandible

black, lower grey ; feet and toes olive-green " (E. Andrd).

246. Myrmotherula guttata (Vieill.).

Myrmothem guttata Vieil!., Gal. OU., I. (1825) p. 251, PI. CLV. (Cayenne).

La Union, Caura R. : 3 ad. 17. xii. 1900 (E. Andre).

La Priciou, Caura R. : ? 13. xii. 1900 (E. Andre).

cJ ad. " Irides brown ; upper mandible black, lower silvery grey."

247. Myrmotherula pyrrhonota Scl. & Salv.

Myrmotherula pyrrhonota Scl. & Salv., Nomenr!. uo. neotr. (1873) pp. 72, 160 (ex Kio Negro, coU.

Natterer, etc.).

Nericagna : <? <? ad. 22, 24. iii., 12. iv., ? ? 22. iv., 25. iii. '99.

Munduapo : ? ? 3, 20, 27. ii., S 18. ii. '99.

" Iris wood-brown ; feet plumbeous ; bill black (black above, below slate-grey).

(Nos. 11817, 12010, 12021, 12133, 12229, 12250, 12486, 12528, 12529 Cherrie

coll.)

Suapure : c?c? 5. iv., 10. xi. 1900 (Klages).

La Priciou : c? 6 February, December, ? December.

Nicare : <Jc? ? Jan. 1901 (E. Andr^).

248. Myrmotherula axillaris (Vieill.).

Myrmothera axillaris Vieill., Nnuv. Diet. xii. (1817) p. 113 ("La Guyane," sc. Cayenne).

Snapure (Caura) : cjtj 11, 12, 13. iv., ? 11. iv., S juv. 14. iv. '99 (Klages).

La Priciou (Caura) : tJc? 13, 14, 16. xii. 1900, 4. ii. 19(.il.

Nicare : cJc? 18, 19. i., ? 18. i. 1901 (Andr^).

"<? Irides black ; bill black ; feet and toes dark slate."

(•274 )

249. Myrmotherula melaena (Scl.).

Foriiiicirora mdaena Scl., P.Z.S. 1857 p. 130 (lyp. ex Bogota).

Maipnres : <?(? ad. 6, 7, 11, 27. xii., ? ? 0, 7, 24. xii. '98, lu. i. "99.

Perico : c?^ 23, 25. ix., ¥ 28. ix., 6 jnv. 22. ix. '98.

Bichaco : c? ? ad. 18. ix. '98.

MuQduapo: ? ? 7,8. ii. '99.

"Iris seal lirowu : foet i)Iaiubeous : bill black (blackisli abiive, plumbeous

below)."

(Nos. 11177, 11178, 11180, 11209, 11210, 11230, 113.-j,s, 11359, 11379, 11380,

11427, 11602, 1171)8, 11708, 11851, 11800 rborrie coll.;

An adult male from Savayacu, E. Ecuador, in Mus. II. v. B. agrees fully witb

Orinoco skins, but Bogota skins (the type is from Bogotd) are as a rule deeper

black above than the Orinoco specimens.

A nest containing two eggs was taken on tiie 10th of January, at Maijmres, by

Mr. C'herrie. The small uest stood about seven feet above the ground in the midst

of a thicket of bamboo. It is fastened on a forked branch like an oriole's nest

{Oriolas galbula), about 8 cm. long, 5 to 7 wide on the top, cup 5| cm. deep and

only about 3i wide at the top. The uest is loosely composed of dried and half-

decayed reed-leaves and other ordinary leaves, and lined with hair. The two

eggs were considerably incubated. They are creamy white, all over dotted with

browuish-red. They measure 17-5 by 12-9 mm. The female parent (No. 117118)

was caught.

250. Myrmotherula longipennis Pelz.

Myriiiiithfrula l(ingipe.imia Pelz., Zitr Orii. Bran. II. (1868) pp. 82, 153 (Tlub. Rio Negro).

Suapure, Caura R. : J 11, ii., ? ? 11, 13. iv., 31. v. "99. " ? Iris brown;

feet black, maxilla black, mandible white."

La Union : ? Dec. 19U0 (Andr(i).

La Pricion : S Dec. 1900 (Andr^).

Nicare : Si juv., ? 18. i. 19U1 (Audr^).

" cj ad. Iris dark brown ; beak black ; feet slate-colour."

251. Myrmotherula cinereiventris pallida subsp. nov.

[Myrmiiiherula citiereiventris Scl. & Salv., P.Z.S. 1867 p. 7i>6 (ex Cayenne, etc.).]

M. S differt a mari M. cinereiventris dictae colore pallidiore cinereo, ? etiam

colore dilutiore.

Munduapo : J cJ ad. 4, 8, 13, 18. ii., ? ? 4, 8, 27. ii. '99.

Nericagua : S6 ad. 24, 27, 29. iii., S6 juv. 24, 29. iii., ? ? 12. iv., 27. iii. '99.

Bichaco: ? 18. ix. '98.

Maipnres : ? ad. 19. xii. '98.

Capuano : ? ad. 5. ii. '99 (Cherrie coll.)

Suapure : S S 2, 9. xi., 22. iii., S juv. 9. xii., ? 9. xi. '99 (Klages).

La Pricion : cj J ? ? Dec. 1900.

La Union : c?cJ 18, 20. xii. 1900.

Nicare : c? ? ? Jan. 1901 (E. Andr^).

" Iris seal ; feet slate grey (plumbeous) ; bill above black, below slate-grey

(below slate-black, below plumbeous)."

( 75)

(Nos. 11176, 11534, 11829, 11830, 11S31, 11859, 11861, 11943, 12011, 12134,

12230, 12231, 12271, 12272, 12297, 12298, 12487 Cherrie coll.)

Hab. Ad flumeu Orinoco dictum, in Peruvia or., Ecnadoria or.

Type : No. 12271, Nericagna 27. ill. '99, Cherrie coll.

These birds differ so conspicuously from specimens from Cayenne and British

Gtiiana by their paler coloration, that it is necessary to bestow a new name on the

Orinoco and ( 'anra river race. The dimensions are the same. Sjiecimens in Mas.

Berlepsch from Yquitos (E. Pern) and Eastern Ecuador agree perfectly with the

Orinoco birds.

252. Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus fi-ater (Scl. & Salv.).

\_Myiothera rujimarginata Temm., PL Col. 132 fig. 1 (May 1822) (Hab. Br^sil.).]

Herjisilochmus fraier Scl. & Salv., P.Z.S. 1880 p. 159 (Typus ex Sarayacu, Ecuador or.).

Snapnre, Canra R. : 3 c?c? 9. iv., 3. v., 9 xii. '99, ? 25. x. 1900. " <J Iris

dark grey ; feet grey ; maxilla black, mandible light grey at base, grey at tip."

The adult males have a large portion of the interscapular region deep black.

The Snapnre specimens agree with others from Bogota collections. The less black

interscapulinm is ajiparcntly a sign of iuimatnrity. The authors say in their

diagnosis " interscapulio non uigro."

cf wing 50, 51, 52, tail 46|, culm. 15J, tarsus 18^ mm.

253. Formicivora intermedia Cab.

Fnrmicivora intermedin Cab., Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. 1 (1847) p. 225 (ex Carthagena, etc.).

Altagracia: S S ad. 5, 9, 10, 16, 18. xi., 3 (bis) 3, 7, 10. xii. '97 ; 7. i. '98 ;

c?c? juv. 27. xi., 4. xii., 6 pull. 14. xii., ? ? 11 (bis), 15, 16, 18. xi., 4, 29. xii. '97.

Quiribana de Caicara : c? ad. 7. iv. '98.

" Iris dusky (seal-brown) ; feet slate (bright plumbeous) ; bill black (blackish) "

(Cherrie).

(Nos. 8472, 8549, 8.572, 8573, 8581, 8615, 8644, 8666, 8667, 8711, 8712, 8886

8995, 8996, 8997, 9019, 9020, 9063, 9134, 9201, 9453, 9568, 10645 Cherrie coll.)

Ciudad Bolivar : t? 15. vi., 3 ? ? 13. vi., 12. viii., 20. xii. '98 (Klages).

La Pricion : juv. 5. ii. 1901 (Andre).

254. Terenura spodioptila Scl. & Salv.

Tereuura sjiodioptila Scl. & Salv., Jliis 1881 p. 270, PI. IX., fig. 1 (British Guiana, type ex Bartica

Grove, Whitely coll.).

Suapure : <? 5. iv. 1900 ; ? 2. xi., '99. " ? Iris and feet dark grey ; maxilla

black, mandible light grey " (S. M. Klages).

Hartert has compared the Suapure skins with the types in the British Museum.

255. Cercomacra napensis Scl.

Cercomacra napensis Scl., P. Z. S. 1868 p. 572 (Rio Napo).

Mnnduapo : S ad. 4, 8, 13. ii. '99.

" Iris dark ; feet plumbeous ; bill blackish above, slate-grey below."

(Nos. 11828, 11870, 11934 Clierrie coll.)

La Pricion ; c? 13. xii. 1900 (E. Andrd).

La Union : i 20. xii. 1900 (E. Audr^).

( 76 )

256. Cercomacra tyrannina (Scl.).

PyrigUna tyrannina Sol., P. Z. S. 1855 p. 90 (ex BogoU).

Mmidnapo: dS ad. 3, 7, 8, 11, 14, 16. ii., S <S jnv. 13, 18. ii., ? ? 7, 11, 13,

16. ii. "99.

" Iris seal, sepia brown ; feet slate-colour, plumbeons grey ; bill black above,

below slate (below pale grey)."

(Nos. 11174, 11823, 11855, 11856, 11869, 11911, 11912, 11913, 11932, 11933,

11951, 11967, 11968, 12000 Cherrie coll.)

Bicbaco : ? 18. ix. '98 (Cherrie).

La Uniou : cJc? 18, 21. xii. 1900 (Andrd).

Snapnre : S ad. 13. iv., S jnv. 29. iii., ? ? 11, 18. i v. '99 (Klages).

257. Cercomacra nigricans Scl.

Cercomacra nigricans Scl., P. Z. S. 1868 p. :i45 (ex Sta. Martha — Bogotil).

Pyrigletia mucuUcaudis Scl., P. Z. S. 1858 p. 247 (Trinidad).

Altagracia : i ad. 17. xii., ? ? 6, 17. xii. '97. (J " Eye dark seal; feet

plumbeous, also one c? ad. without label ; bill black above, dark plumbeous below."

? " Eye smoke-grey ; feet plumbeous ; bill black above, plumbeous below." (Nos.

9049, 9271, 9272 (?) Cherrie coll.)

Cercomacra maculicaudis is, the male, C. nigricans the /e male: bnt the latter

name was published two pages before, and must therefore be accepted.

258. Heterocnemis argentata (Des Murs).

Herpsilochmus argentatus Des Murs, Voij. Cuxteln. (t'lf, (185.0) p. 53, PI. XVII. fig. 2 (typ. ex Nauta

Amaz. sup.).

Maipures : S ad. 19. xii., S (?) juv. 21. .xii., ? ad. 14. xii. '98.

La Union : S juv. (? ?) 18. xii. 1900 (E. Am\v€).

" 6 Iris slate-grey : feet greyish white ; bill black. ? Iris light sepia feet

pale vinaceous buff; bill above black, below slate-grey."

(Nos. 11465, 11529, 11569 Cherrie coll.)

259. Myrmeciza swainsoni griseipectus subsp. no v.

\^Myrmeciza sioainsoni Berl., Ibis 1888 p. 130 (Pto. Cabello, Venezuela).]

" ^f. longipea Vieill." ant. — errore.

M. S mari M. stvainsoni dictae affinis, differt pectore late griseo (nee albo

nt in M. swainsoni), lateribas epigastrii cinerascentibus, abdomine medio solum-

modo albo.

Hab. in regione flnminum Orinoco et Caura dictornm et in Guiana Britannica.

Typus : 6 ad. Caicara, 17. iii. '98 (no 10507 Cherrie coll.).

This interesting new form is easily distinguishable from typical Myrmecixa

swainsoni. Comj>ar6d with a number of skins from Pto. Clabello (Mns. H. v. B.),

Trinidad (Mns. Brit.), and Camana (Mus. Triug, Caracciolo coll., received from

E. Audr6) the males differ at a glance by their coloration of the underside. In

typical swainsoni the entire throat and chest is black, followed directly by the white

abdominal area ; bnt in M. swainsoni griseipectus the throat and foreueck only is

black, followed by a wide ashy grey pectoral band, which colour also runs along the

( 77 )

sides of the breast and abdomeu, leaviug a much smaller part of the middle of

the abdomen white than in typical swai/isoiii. The tarsns is perhaps slightly

longer, bnt otherwise the dimensions are the same. The greater wing-coverts

and innermost secondaries are more or less boldly marked with ante-apical black

spots, which we have not seen in specimens from the coast regions ; bnt there

are a few Orinoco skins that lack these spots. The presence of these black spots

is perhaps a sign of immatnrity. Tarsns in typical swainsoni (Cumana) : 27|, 28,

28, 29, 29J mm.; in ffiiseipectus, 29, 29^, 30, 30J, 31, 31 mm.

The female of M. s. griseipectm is not so easy to distinguish, bnt the crown

of the head seems always to be of a darker colour, more brown, not so rnfous, the

sides of the breast and abdomen are strongly washed with olivaceous brown, and

all the specimens we have seen have strongly spotted wing-coverts.

Specimens collected iu British Guiana by the late H. Whitel}' belong also to

M. s. griseipecttm.

Caicara : c?(? 3, 17. iii., 22, 23, 28. ii., 3 juv. 26. ii., ? ? 22. ii., IT. iii. '98.

Perico : S 30. ix. '98.

Munduapo : S juv. 8. ii., c? ad. 13. ii., ? 22. ii. '99.

" Iris bright chestnut (chestnut) ; feet pinkish white ; bill black (maxilla

black, mandibula slate)."

(Nos. 10203, 10204, 10216, 10283, 10284, 10359, 10507, 10508, 11241, 11864,

11939, 12054 Cherrie coll.)

Suapure : i ad. 8. xii. '99 ; 22. x. 1900 (Klages).

La Pricion : S ad. 8. ii., S juv. 8. ii. 1901 (Andr(5).

260. Myrmeciza atrothorax (Bodd.).

Formkarius atrothorax Bodd., Tabl. PI. Enl. (1783) p. 44 (ex PI. Enl. 701, fig. 2— Cayenne).

Munduapo: SS ad. 15. ii., 1. iv. '99. Al. 60, 60^, caud. 54, culm. 17 J, tars.

25i mm.

(Nos. 11961, 12369 Cherrie coll.)

La Union : c? 21. xii. 1900 (E. Andre). Al. 61, caud. 56, culm. 16J, tars.

23J mm.

La Pricion : <? 3. ii. 1901 (E. Audr^).

Nicare : S 18. i. 1901 (E. Andre).

" Iris light seal-brown ; feet mouse-grey ; bill black " (Cherrie).

" Iris light brown ; beak black ; feet blackish " (Andre).

These agree well with BogotA skins, but we have no typical Cayenne skins to

compare.

261. Hypocnemis flavescens Scl.

Hypomemisjkirescens Scl., P. Z. S. 1864 p. GOO (Rio Negro— typ. Marabitanas, in Mus. Brit.).

Suapure, Caura R. : c?t? ad. 10, 11. iv. 1900, 10. xi. '99 ; " S (?) " (<? jnv.an ?)

11. iv., ? ? 11, 12. iv. 1900. " cJ Iris grey ; feet dark yellow ; bill, maxilla black,

mandible greyish white " (S. M. Klages).

Nicare, Caura R. : 3 c?c? (sexed ? !), 2 ? ? (sexed <? !) 18, 19. i. 1901 (E. Andr^).

La Pricion, Caura R. : tj ? 31. i. 1901. " Iris blackish ; upper mandible black,

lower light grey ; feet and toes brownish yellow " (E. Andrti). Easily distinguish-

able from //. caiitator by the sulphur-yellow underside.

La Union, Caura R. : t? 17. xii. 1900.

( 78 )

262. Hjrpocnemis poecilonota Cab.

HypnniemiH poecUomtu Cab., Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. 1 (1847) p. 2i:i, PI. IV. f. 2 (typ. e.\. Brit.

Guiana — Mas. Berol.).

Mnndnapo : <S ad. 14, 2.5. ii., ? ? 16, 25. ii. '99.

Nericagna : c?<? 3, 4, 6. iv., - jnv. 6. iv., ? 24. iii. '99.

" Iris seal ; bill black ; feet cinereons."

(Nos. 11962, 11071, 12114, 12115, 122:^s, 1:>380, 12408, 12450, 12451 Cherrie

coll.)

Snapure : c? ad. 4, 15. iv., 29. x. '99 ; ? 11. iv. 190U (Klages).

La Pricion : cJc? ad. 3. ii. 1901 ; ? 13. xii. 1900 .'(Andre).

Nicare : d 19. i. 1901 ; ? ? 18. i., 17. xii. 1900 (E. Audre).

263. Hypocnemis leucophrys (Tscli.).

Pithys leucophrijs Tsch., Consp. Av. in Wieijiii. Arch. 1844 p. 18 (typ. e.K Peru : Vitoc, E. TuUumayo,

cf. F. P. Aves, p. 177).

Nericagna : J' ? ad. 6. iv. '99.

Mnnduapo : <?c? ad. 3, 7, 11, 13, Ki, 21. ii., 2 iii., ? ? 9, 11, 13, 18, ii. '99.

Capuano, R. Orinoco : S 5. ii. '99.

" Iris vandyke-brown ; feet plumbeons grey ; bill black."

(Nos. 11832, 11853, 11854, 11S83. 11920." 11921, 11929, 11930, 11972, 12001,

12037, 12163, 12170, 12448, 12449 Cherrie coll.)

Suapnre : S 23. viii. '99 (Klages).

La Union : 6 17. xii., ? 30. xii. 1900.

La Pricion : c?(? ? ? 2, 8. ii. 19(il (E. Andre).

204. Hypocnemis myiotherina (Spix).

Thoinnophilus myiutherhiiis Spix, Av. Bras. II. (1825) p. 30 PI. XLII. fig. 1. (The description

of the (J only refers to our present species ; the supposed female is a different bird. No exact

locality given. We substitute Fonteboa, Amazon.)

La Pricion : 3 ? ? 1. ii. 1901 (E. Andre).

Nicare: ?? 19, 28. i. 1901 (E. Andr^). "Iris browu-red, upper mandible

black, lower grey ; feet bluish grey."

The abdomina of these females are rather bright fulvous, though not quite

so deep as in //. mijiothertna elegam from Bogota. Unfortunately Mr. Andre sent

no males.

265. Hypocnemis melanopogon ^^cl.

Hi/jmniemin melanopogon Sol., P.Z.S. 1857 p. 130 (typ. ex Chamicuros).

Maipures : S ad. 6. xii. '98.

Altagracia : " In a dark strip of wood near river." Si ad. 15, 17. i., 4, 5. ii.

(bis), c? juv. 4. ii., ? ? 4. ii. '98.

Qniribana de Caicara : SS ad. 31. iii., 8, 16. iv., ? ? 5, 11. iv., 6 juv. 11

iv. '98.

Perico : " cj " ad. 21. xi. '98.

Munduapo ; <? 24. ii. '99.

" Iris plumbeous grey ; feet plumbeous ; bill black."

( 79 )

(Nos. 9735, 9995, 9996, 9997, 9998, 10578, lu617, 10663, 1U689, 11308,

I ','094 Cherrie coll.)

One male from Muaduapo (no. 12094) has the alidomen uniform cinereons ; the

others show more or less greyish-white on the middle of the belly.

Snapnre : <^c? ad. 19. iii., 18, 28. iv., $ juv. 26. iv., ? 29. iii. '99 (Klages).

La Union : S % 17, 20. xii. 1900 (Andrei).

Nicare: ? 19. i. 1901 (Andr(^).

266. Hypocnemis naevia (Gm.).

Pipra naevia Gmelin, Si/st. Nat. I. 2 (1788) p. 1003 (ex PI. Enl. no. 823 fig. 2— Cayenne).

La Pricion : <?(?,??, c? jnv. 1, 3, 4, 5. ii. 1901. " Iris blackish ; bill black ;

feet light grey."

267. Pithys albifrons (L.).

Pipra albifrons Linn., Syst. Nat. Ed. XII. I., 1 (1766) p. 339 (ex Edwards— Guiana*).

Nericagna : ? 7. iv. '99.

Mnnduapo : cj ? 25. ii. '99.

Suapure : cJc? ? 8, 12, 17, 18. ii. '99 (Klages).

Nicare ; 16 c?t? ? ? jnv. Jan. 1901 (E. Andre).

" Iris seal ; feet orange ; bill black."

(Nos. 12119, 12120, 12464 Cherrie coll.)

268. Gymnopithys rufigula (Bodd.).

Tunlm rufigula Bodd , Tahl. PI. Enl. (1783) p. 39 (ex PI. Enl. 644 f . 2 ( ? )— typ. ex Cayenne).

Mundnapo : S ad. 5. ii., <J ? 25. ii., ? lO. ii. '99.

Nericagua : c? ? 1, 7. iv. '99.

Snapnre :<?<;??? March, April, December (Klages).

Nicare : 14 t?(? ? ? Jan. 1901 (Andre).

La Pricion : ? 4. xii. 1900 (Andr(^).

" Iris seal, chestnnt brown ; feet pale flesh-colour ; bill blackish, discal three-

fourths mandible pale greyish (above blnck, below grey with basal one-half

blackish) ; bare skin about eye pearl-grey ; claws pale horn-colour."

(Nos. 11900, 12121, 12122, 12123, 12359, 12461 Cherrie coll.)

269. Ramphocaenus melanurus Vieill.

Rampkocaenus melanurus Vieill., Nouo. Did. XXIX. (18111) p. 6 (Bre3il,t coll. Delalande fils)

Mnnduapo : S ? 10. ii. '99.

Nericagua : " cj " 12. iv. '99.

" Iris Isabella colour ; feet plumbeous ; bill above dusky brown, below pale

horn- colour."

(Nos. 11891, 11892, 12489 Cherrie coll.)

Suajrare : S 9. xii. '99 ; ? ? 4. iv. 1900 ; 9. xi. '99 (Klages).

La Pricion : (?<? 18. ii. 1901 (Andrd).

* We substitute Cayenne. t We substitute Rio de Janeiro.

( 80)

270. Formicarius nigrifrons (ionlil.

Forniicariux mgrifrima Gould, Ann. «0 Matj. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, vol. XV. (18.5.")) p. 344 (Chamicurros,

E. Peru).

Nericagna : 3 4. iv., d (juv.) 2'.). iii. 'Oil. "Iris seal, feet dark drab-grey, bill

black."

(Nos. 12308, 12401 Cherrie coll.)

Snajinre, Caiira R. : " ? " 5. iv. 1900. " Iris dark brown ; feet dark brownish

grey ; bill black " (S. M. Klages).

La Pricion and Nicare, Canra River (E. Aiulrc coll.).

271. Corythopis anthoides (Piich.).

Mutcicapa anthoides Pucheran (ex Cavier), .Icc/i. du .Mim. Par. VII. (1855) p. 334 (Cayenne).

Nericagua : S 4. iv. '90. " Iris wood-brown ; tarsi pale grey ; toes plumbeous ;

bill above black, below flesh-colour."

(No. 124U7 Cherrie coll.)

Nicare, Canra R. : S 19. i. 1901. " I rides brownish grey, ujiper mandible

black, lower brownish grey ; feet light slate-colour " (E. Andre).

La Pricion : 15. xii. 1900 (E. Andre).

272. Glaucis hirsuta (Gm.).

Trochilus hirsutiis Gmelin, Syst. Nat. I. I (1788) p. 490 (Brasilia — e.x Marcgrave, Brasil. or.— we

accept Bahia as the typical habitat).

Mundnapo : S jun. 2. iii. '09.

(No. 12165 Cherrie coll.)

Temblador in the Canra Valley : ? 29. ix. 1900 (Klages).

La Pricion, Canra : ? 18. ii. 1901 (E. Andre).

273. Phaethornis superciliosus (L).

TrnchiluH superciliosus Linn., Syst. Nat. Ed. XII. 1 (1766) p. 189 (ex Briss. — typ. ex Cayenne).

Nericagna: SS 24, 27, 28, 30, 31 (bis) iii., ? ? 24, 27 (bis), 28, 30 (bis), 31.

iii. '99.

Munduapo : tJc? 16, 20, 21 (eight) ii. '99.

"Eye seal (blackish); bill above black, below orange with blackish tip; feet

dusky flesh-coloured (fleshy white) " (" three-fourths of mandible orange ").

(Nos. 11980, 12022, 12034, 12035, 12039, 12040, 12042, 12043, 12044, 12045,

12241, 12242, 12263, 12266, 12267, 12278, 12280, 12316, 12318, 12320, 12344,

12345, 12346 Cherrie coll.)

Long. culm. : (? c? 37, 36J, 36 (bis), 35^, 35, 34^ (bis), 34 (bis), 33J, 36, 34,

34i, 35, 33J, 33^, 34 mm. ; ? ? 34|, 34i (bis), 34, 33J, 34, 34 mm.

Suapure : S i \Z, 24. iv. 1900 ; ? ?' 24. iv., 8. viil., 22. xii. '03 (Klages).

La Pricion : S ? February, December (Andre).

The birds from Nericagna and Munduapo, while agreeing closely in coloration

with specimens collected in Brit. Guiana by the late Mr. WLitely {Ph. gtdanensis

Bone), nevertheless difier from them in having invariably shorter bills. In fact,

they come nearest to Cayenne sjiecimens— viz., trne Fh. .w.perciliosus (L.) (= Fh.

J'raterculus Gld.), but the pale throat stripe is always well marked as in Guiana

( 81 )

specimens. The nndcr tail-coverts in the Orinoco birds are whitish with cinereous

markings as in Ph. guianensis, not nniform fulvescent as in Ph. moorei.

The present form is probably an unnamed subspecies, but we refrain from

naming it, until we are able to compare a fresh series of skins from Cayenne, with

which they might be identical after all.

274. Phaethornis hispidus (Gould).

Trochilus (— .«) hispidus Gould, P.Z.S. 1 846 p. 90 (typ. ex " Peru ? ").

Nericagna : iS 25,i!7. (bis) iii., 12. iv. (bis), 1.5, 25, 27, :i(i. iii., ? ? 25, 30. iii.,

5. iv. '09.

Munduapo : c? ad. 24. ii., S juv. 15. ii. '99.

"Iris seal; bill above black, below dusky chrome yellow; tip only blackish

(with dusky tip) ; feet dusky grey (dark dusky grey)."

(Nos. 11962, 12099, 122.57, 122.58, 12259, 12260, 12261, 12262, 12321, 12322,

12323, 12324, 12432, 12490 Oherrie coll.)

La Pricion : S i February, December, ? February (Andr6).

La Union : <? December (Andre).

Having compared the Nericagna and Caura River specimens with a large

series of examples from Bogota collections {Ph. rillosus Lawr.), from Eastern

Ecuador and Upper Amazons (Ph. oseryi Bourc. & Muls.), and two birds from

San Mateo, Bolivia, in Mus. H. v. B. collected by Mr. G. Garlepp (the latter

being apparently tyjiical Ph. hi.-<pidats), we have come to the result that they all

belong to the same form, and that there are no local races of this species.

The fulvescent margins to the feathers of the nropygium seem to be characteristic

of young or freshly moulted birds. They are found in a Bolivia specimen as well

as in Bogota skins, while others from Bogota show pure greyish white tips to the

rump-feathers.

275. Phaethornis augusti (Bourc).

Trochilus Augusti Bourcier, Ann. Soc. Agric. Li/on X. (1847) p. S23 (typus ex Caracas, coll. SalM).

Caicara : <? ? ad. 30. iii , 12. vi. '98.

(Nos. 10573, 10952 Cherrie coll.)

" i Iris blackish ; feet dusky grey ; bill, maxilla black, mandible orange-

vermilion with blackish tip."

" ? Iris seal ; feet and bill as in the adult male."

276. Phaethornis rupurumii Bouc.

Fhaetomis Rupurumii Boucard, The Humming Bird II. (Jan. 1892) p. 1 (typ. ex R. Rupurumi,

Brit. Guiana).

Caicara : <? c? 25, 27. (bis), 28. (quater) i., ( ? >) 5. ii., ? 29. vi. '98.

" Iris seal ; feet dusky ; bill : maxilla black, mandible lemon-yellow, black at

tip " (Cherrie).

Altagracia : S 20. i. '98.

Perico : ? 27. ix. '98.

Maipures : c? 19. xii. '98.

Temblador, Caura Valley : ? 29. ix. 1900 (Klages).

La Pricion : S February, ? ? Jan., Feb. 1901 (Andrd).

6

( «2 )

(Nos. 9751, 10965, luOT;{, 10'.):4, 10075, 10990, 10991, li)992, 11008, 11236,

11530 (Oherrie coll.)

These specimens agree perfectly with those collected by Mr. Whitely ou the

Enpiinimi river iu Brit. Gniana.

277. Phaethornis ruber (L.).*

Trnchilus ruber Lin., Si/.xl. Xat. Ed. X. I. (175H) p. 121 (ex Edwards— ex Surinam).

Phaethornis epucopm Gould, P. Z H. 1857 p. 14 (ex Demerara).

Phaethornis cauremis Sim. & Dalm., Ornis XI. (Nov. I9nl) p. 208 (Caura).

Nericagna : c? 6. iv., ? 12. iv. '99.

Munduapo : c?<? 9, 10, 16, IS, 21. ii., ? ? 3, 27. ii. 99.

"Iris seal; feet pinkish bnff; bill dove brown ; basal half mandible ochre

yellow ; claws black.

(Nos. 11820, 11886, 11887, 11890, 11973, 11997, 11998, 12036, 1213n, l-,'443,

12499 C'herrie coll.)

Snapnre : S 6 15, 16. .\ii., 25. iv. '99; ?(r) 16. su. (Klages coll.).

La Pricion : In. ii. 1901 (Audrd coll.).

We do not see any difference between these birds and others collected near

Camacusa, Brit. Gniaua, by the late H. Whitely, which agree with the tyi)e of

F/i. ejmcoptis Gld. They also agree in every respect with the description given

by M. Simon and Comte Dalmas of Pit. caurensi.-i ; and moreover there are fonr

specimens from the Canra River in tlie Tring Mnsenm which fnlly agree with ;d!

the others.

278. Campylopterus largipennis (Bodd.).

Trnchilus largijminis Bodd., Tail. PI. Eul. (1783) p. 41 (ex PI. Knl. 672, f. 2. ex' Cayenne).

Nericagna : <? J ad. 30. iii. (moulting), 24, 25, 28, 30. iii., 7 (monlting), 1 1 and

12. iv., ? jnv. 12. iv., ? ? 24, 27, 28. iii., 4. iv. '99.

" Iris seal ; feet blackish ; bill above black, below dusky blackish."

(Nos. 12236, 12237, 12257, 12269, 12281, 12282, 12325, 12326, 12406, 12435,

12468, 12491, 12492 C'herrie coll.)

Suapnre : ? 14. iv. 1901) (S. Klages).

Nicare : ? 18. i. 1901 (E. Andr^).

279. Florisuga mellivora (L.).

Trochilm meUiuonis Linn., Syst. Xnt. Ed. X. I. (1758) p. 121 (ex Edw. ex " Indiis," sc. Surinam fide

Edw.—Cab. of Duke of Richmond).

Nericagna : cJc? 31. iii., 1, 4, 5, 18. iv., <?<? jnv. 31. iii., 1, 3. iv., ? ? 3. iv. '99.

Mnndna])o: SS 16. ii. '99.

" Iris seal ; feet dusky, blackish ; bill black.'"

(Nos, 11981, 11982, 11983,11984, 12338,12339, 12340,12364,12366, 12386,

12387, 12404, 12436, 12518, 12588 C'herrie coll.)

Snapnre : S 6.i., 11. iv., ? 13. iv. 19U0 (Klages).

Mountains west of Snapnre : S 9. v. 1900 (Klages).

La Pricion : tJc? ad. 9. ii., c? jnv. 9. ii. 1901 (E. Andr^).

* Hartert (Tierreich 9. Lief., Trochilidae, p. 228) has already shown that Edwards' " Little Brown

Humming Bird " represents a sm.nll PhaethnmiK. and that the quotation of Linnaeus' T. ruber as a probable

synonym of a Sflasphorm in Cat. B. XVI, is quite erroneous. We are now convinced that the name can

reasonably only be referred to the species now Ittiown as Phnetli. /•pisropm.

( 83 )

2811. Agyrtria albiventris (Less.).

Omismya alhimilris Less., Hist. Nat. OU-.Uoiiches (\S->0) pp. xxxiv. 209, PI. LXXVI. (hah. "la

Guiana " sc. Cayenne).

Altagracia : (?(? 5, 11 (bis), 13, Ifi, 19, 22. xi., 8, 11, 12, 17. xii. '97, (J, 7, 8,

12, 20. i. '98, ? ? 3, 18, 25. 26, 29. xi., 16, 20. xii. '97, 6, 7. i. '98.

Caicara: cJc? 15, 25. ii., 1. vii., ? 8. i. '98, ? ? 15. ii., 6. vii., 8. viii. '98.

Rio Catanapa : ? 26. xi. '98 (Cberrie).

Maipnres ; c?(? 28 (bis) i., 6, 11,17, 20. xii. '98, 28, 30. i. '99, ? 29. xii. '98.

" Iris dusliv ; bill dusky reddisb, blackish at tip (reddisb, extreme tip blackish,

black, reddisb at base of luacdible) ; feet blackish (dnsky)."

(Nos. 8485, 8500, 8501, 8578, 8580, 8622, 862-<, 8664, 8720, 8745, 8778, 8854,

8879, 8926, 9012, 9100, 9166, 9254, 9268, 9305, 9306, 9555, 9556, 9576, 9577, 9591,

9661, 9750, 10056, 10086, 10946, 10966, 11030, 11059, 11060, 11088, 11142, 11348,

11362, 11423, 11503, 11550, 11559, 11776, 11777, 11778, 11801 Cberrie coll.)

Ciiidad Bolivar : S 27. vii., c? 30. v., ? ? 23. vii., 18. viii. '98 (Klages).

Snapure: 6 16. v., ? 17. v. "99 (Klages).

M. Simon and Comte de Dalmas (Ornis 1901 p. 210) have accepted the term

■maculata Vieill. for this species : bnt as there is already a Trorhilus maculntus of

Gmelin, Count Berlepscb considers this name as preoccupied. We now admit tbat

Ornismtja viridissima of Lesson * is quite uncertain, and Berlepscb proposes to call

our species Agyrtria albiventris (Less.), the habitat of Lesson's bird having been

given as Guiana, while Hartert, who does not accept the rule " once a synonym

always a synonym," would accept Vieillot's name maculata.

A uest with two fresh eggs was taken at Caicara, 7 July, 189,s. It was

twenty feet from the ground at the tip of a large limb of a big tree in the open

savannah. The parent bird was much excited. It was shot (no. 11060) for

identihcatiou. The nest is a very neat, tiny structure of silky vegetable wool,

outwardly ornamented with jiale-greenish lichen. Egg 13-5 by 8*6 mm.

281. Agyrtria milleri (Bourc).

Trochilus milleri Bourc, P. Z. S. 1847 p. 43 (typ. ex Rio Negro, Br^sil).

Cariben: c? 11. ix. '98.

Caicara : cjc? ad. 8, 24, 25, 29. vi., 2. vii., ? ? 28, 29, 30. vi. '98.

Nericagua : c? ad. 1. iv., " ? " 6. iv., ? ? juv. 1, 6, 7, 12, 22. iv. '98.

Munduapo : "?" 18. ii., 16. ii. '99 (sex ?).

" Iris seal-brown ; feet blackish ; bill black ; flesh white, basal two-thirds

mandible."

(Nos. 10948, 10958, 10962, 10963, 10999, 11009, IIOIO. llOll, 11026, 11036,

11037, 11158, 11979, 12013, 12372, 12373, 12439, 12441, 12474, 1247.5, 12501,

12523 Cberrie coll.)

Snapure : <? ? 20 v., 4. iv. '99 (Klages).

Mountains west of Snapure : ? 8. v. 190(J (Klages).

• It seems that Lesson, while descrihingand figuring his Ornimi/a riridisgima, had not the intention

to malce known a new bird, but to reproduce tlie Trochilus viridissimus of Vieillot, which is the same as

Psilomyater theredae (Silva). His description and figure leave some doubts, and the habitat is given

as " Bresil."

( 84 )

282. Agyrtria chionopectus whitelyi (Bone).

IThaumalim chionopectus Gould, Monogr. Trnch. V. PI. CCXCIII. (Sept. 1859) (typ. Trinidad,

Tucker' ).]

Uranomitra whiteh/i Boucard, Tlie Humminq Bird, III. 1 (March 1893) p. 8 (typ. ex Brit, tiiiiana,

H. Whitely coll.).

Snapnre, Canra R. : 8 <?(? May and Dec. '90, Jan. lOUO, 3 ?? Dec. "UO,

Jan. 1900 (Klages).

" Iris dark brown ; feet and bill black " (S. M. Klages).

La Pricion, Canra E. : 2SS Dec. 1900, Jan. 1901 (E. Andr^).

The Caura River specimens belong to the smaller form. The larger one, which

mnst be considered typical cliinopectus, dift'ers in generally slightly larger dimen-

sions, the bill being perceptibly longer and slightly more cnrvcd. There is also

more often a deep coppery gloss on tail and rump in the Trinidad birds, while those

from Gniana are more greenish, bnt some specimens are quite similar in coloration.

Bill 17f, 18, 19, 19|, 20 mm. in Trinidad skins (Dr. Percy Kendall coll.).

Bill 16J, 16, 10, 16J, 16f, 17, ITi mm. in Canra River specimens.

(Hartert has examined several cotypes of Boucard.)

283. Saucerottea cupreicauda (Salv. & Godm.).

Atnazilia cupreicauda Salv. & Godm., Ihix 1884 p. 452 (Roraima Mt., British Guiana).

Mountains west of Suapnre : 't? ? a, 9. v. 19U0. " Iris dark grey ; feet black ;

bill ma.xilla and tip of mandible black, rest flesh-colonr " (Klages). Both specimens

are somewhat worn and bleached.

284. Saucerottea erythronotos t caurensis snbsp. nov.

[Orniamya erythronotos Less., Hist. Nat. Ois.-Mouche.s (1829) pp. xxxii. 180, PI. LXI. {lltib. Breail

— errore). J]

S. S. erythronotos dictae simillima, dififert uropygio infimo supracaudalibusque

obscure violaceis griseo marginatis (ucc cnpreo-aeneis), tectricibus subcandalibus

obscure grisescente aeneis, albido marginatis (nee bronzino-cupreis vel rnfescentibns),

necnon corpore subtns paulo clariore viridi. Al. 52, 51i, 50, caud. 29 — 27, culm.

18 — 16|, cand. fnrca "i^ — 2 mm.

Hah. In regione orientali fluminis Orinoco dicti medii (Suapnre ad fl. Caura

dictum, Ciudad Bolivar).

T>/pus in Mus. Tring S Suapnre 10 v. 1900.

This form is very closely allied to the typical eri/thronotos § by the upper tail-

coverts and feathers of the lower rump being of a dark bronzy violet with greyish

edges, instead of being of a more or less bright coppery bronze-colour. The under

tail-coverts are dull bluish black with greyish edges in the male, dark brownish grey

* Gould says it is a native of " Trinidad and Guiana," and that lie received specimens from Trinidad

from Mr. Tucker of that island. Among the skins from the Gould collection in the British Museum are

only the Trinidad specimens, and they are given in the catalogue as the types. Moreover Gould's plate

represents a very large form with a very rich coppery rump and tail.

t Dalmas and Simon consider that the name IVochilm iobari Gmelin, which Hartert accepted

{Tierreicli, Trochilidae, p. 55), is somewhat uncertain. Berlepsch is inclined to agree with them, and in

that case the oldest name to be used for this group is erythronoto.t, while ircltxi would be the name to be

used for the Tobago Island form.

X We substitute 'J'rinidad.

§ This must be restricted to Trinidad (and the Orinoco delta ?), as from Cumana the Tring Museum

has received (from Mr. Andrf ) a large series oifelieiue.

( 85 )

with whitish edges in the females. In typical erythronotos the under tail-coverst

are glossy bronze-brown and rufescent, though there is one skin of the same

preparation as the supposed Trinidad skins in the Tring Museum which has them of

the same colour as in the females from Siiapure and Ciudad Bolivar. The underside

oi cauvensis is of a clearer and somewhat brighter and more golden-green. Perhaps

also the tail-feathers are a shade darker and the bills as a rule slightly shorter, but

our series is too small to confirm these characters.

Suapure, Caura R. : $ 10. v. 1900. '' Iris dark grey ; bill, maxilla and tip of

mandible black, rest flesh-colour ; feet black " (S. M. Klages).

Mountains west of Suapure : ¥ 9. v. 1900 (S. M. Klages).

Ciudad Bolivar : ? 11. vi. '98 (S. M. Klages).

285. Hylocharis sapphirina (Gm.).

Trochihis sapphirhms Gm., Syst. Not. 1 (178H) p. 496 (ex Buffi.— loc. ign.*).

Nericagua : S S ad. 31. iii.. 1, 3, 4, 18. iv., 6 S semi-ad. 4, 6. iv., 6 S juv. 7. iv.,

? ¥ ad. 5, 7, 12, 22. iv., ¥ juv. 3. iv. '99.

" Iris seal ; feet blackish slate ; bill, tip black, basal three-fciurths purplisli

flesh-colour."

(Nos. 12348, 1237.5, 12394, 12395, 12411, 12412, 12413, 12428 \'>\2\), 12442,

12469, 12470, 12471, 12498, 12.520, 12525 Cherrie coll.)

Suapure : ? juv. 10. iii. '99 (Klages).

286. Hylocharis cyanus viridiventris Berl.

\Troclulus cijanus VieiU., Nouv. Diet. XXIII. (1818) p. 4-26 (tvp. ex Bresil— Delalande— coll. Baron

Laugier).]

Hylocharis cyanea viridiventris Berl., Ibis 1880 p. 113 (Brit. Guiana).

Nericagua : ? ? 6, 8, 12. iv. '99.

(Nos. 12440, 12481, 12500 Cherrie coll.)

Suapure : cJ J ad. 2, 11, 12. i. 1900 ; 15. v., 29. xii., ? ? 15, 17. v. '99 (Klages).

La Pricion : cjcj 16, 17. ii. 1901 (Audrd).

287. Chlorestes coeruleus (Vieill.).

Trochilus coeruleus Yieill., Nouv. Did. VII. (1817) p. 'Ml (typ. ex Cayenne).

Altagracia :"(?(?" (ad.) 6 (bis), 7 (bis), 17. i., S <S juv. 30. xi. '97, 6 (ter), 7 (Ins)

11 (bis), ? ¥ 4, 11, 12. i. '98.

Perico : "(?"juv. 22. xi. '98.

Maipures : 3 t? ad. 6, 7 (bis), 8, 12, 21 (ter), 28. xii. '98, "J " jnv. 30. i., ¥ ¥ ad.

7, 9. i. '99.

Nericagua : S 12. iv., c? juv. 1. v., ¥ ¥ 7. iv., 25, 27. iii. "99.

Mnnduapo : d <S &d. 13, 18. ii. '99.

" Iris dark seal ; feet dusky ; bill black, basal lour-lifths mandible pale flesh."

(Nos. 8947, 9536, 95.57, 9559, 9560, 9561, 9579, 9580, 9581, 9582, 9600, 9637,

9638,9039, 9640, 11315, 11303, 11364, 11382, 11383, 11393, 11432, 11560, 11561,

11562, 11626, 11692, 11705, 11771, 11805, 11807, 11942, 12014, 12270, 12371,

12473, 12494 Cherrie coll.)

Suapure : January, May (Klages).

La Pricion : January, February, December (Andre).

* We substitute Cayenne.

(86)

288. Chlorostilbon caribaeus nanus subsii. nov.

^Chlorostilbon caribaeus, Lawr., Ann. Lijc. X. H. Xiw Yorl:, X. (1871) p. 13 (typ. ex Curasao).

C/d- C/d. caribaeus dicto simillimus diifert rostro pro iisu brt-viore, cauda paiilo

minus fuirata et pectore magis coemlescenti tincto.

cJ cT : Loug. al. 45^—44, caiid. 20— 23^, culm. 15, 14|, 1:5|, 13i, 13^, caud.

fnrca 5 J — 4 mm. ? : Long. al. 44, caud. 24, culm. 14^, caud. furca 2 J mm.

I/ab. In regione media flumiuis Orinoco, Oaicara, Altagracia, etc.

Typus : In Mus. Rothschild, Triug (no. 10157), Caicara, 19. ii. '98.

Altagracia : SS ad. 4, 11, 22, 23, 24. xi., 2, 9, 11, 13, 20, 27, 29. .xii. '97, 7, 8,

11, i. '98; ¥ ? 10. xi., 22 xii. '97; 6 jnv. 21. i. '98.

Puerto Samoro : S 24. xi. '98.

Perico : ? ad. 21. xi. '98.

Caicara : ? ? ad. 8. i., 14, 19, 25. ii., 6 juv. IS. ii., ? 10. ii. '98.

Quiribana de Caicara : ? 10. iv. '98.

" Iris dusky ; feet black ; bill black."

(Nos. 8408, 8582, 8062, 8774, 8811, 8836, 8989, 9113, 9165, 9186, 9307, 9359,

0412, 9443, 9578, 9.593, 9630, 9705, 10053, lollO, 10148, 10157, 10269, 10755,

10945, 11309, 11332 Cherrie coll.)

(-'iudad Bolivar : J' cJ ad. 30. vii. (bis), 2. xii. '98 (Klages).

The birds collected by Mr. Cherrie on the middle Orinoco differ from the typical

form from the island of Curarao by having as a rule a much shorter bill, also

a slightly less deeply forked tail, and by the breast being tinged more or less with

bluish green, which is generally not the case in Curarao birds. The latter character

is also shown in specimens from the coast region of Venezuela, which never-

theless agree with the Cura(;-ao specimens in the length of the bill and in the

deep furcation of the tail.

The birds from the north coast of Venezuela have been lately separated by

M. Simon and Comte Dalmas as Cldorustilbon caribbeus lessoni \^Ornis XI. (19ol)

p. 2\2, partini]. Hartert, however, having compared a large series from Uumana,

two mail's shot on Trinidad by Dr. Kendall, and a fair series from Curasao, Aruba

and Bonaire, finds that none of the differences given by the authors holds good,

unless it be the more bluish tinge on the breast. This latter is, nevertheless,

sometimes visible in the Curacao specimens, and therefore Hartert doubts the

possibility of separating the continental coast form called lessoni even as a sub-

species, while nanus is without difficulty separable if a small series is examined.

289. Thalurania tschudii Gould.

Thalumuia Uchudii Gould, l'.Z.S. 18C0 p. :512. ("The neighbourhood of the River Ucayali, and

the countries of Ecuador and Pern.")

Nericagua: c? ad. 13. iv., <S i jun. 30, 31. iii., 3 (bis), 5, 0, 22. iv., ? ? 7. ii.,

31.iii., 3, 4 (bis), 12. iv. '99.

Mnndnapo : ? ? 24, 25. ii. '99.

(Nos. 11849, 11989, 12097, 12104, 12315, 12349, 12350, 12390, 12391, 12392,

12393, 12416, 12416, 12417, 12437, 12446, 12503, 12515, 12533 Cherrie coll.)

These birds agree very well with Thai, tscbudii from N.E. Peru which hitherto

iiud been considered peculiar to that region.

( 87)

2911. Thalurania furcata fissilis subsp. uov.

[Trochiltcs furcatus Gm., Syst. Nat. [., 1 (1788) p. 486 (ex Brisson Cayenne; excl. syn. Sloane

et Marcgrave apud Brisson et excl. habit. Jamaique et Br^sil !).]

T/i. T/i. furcata dictae simillima, differt subcandalibns atrochalybeis uuicoloribus.

Had. In regione flnminis Canra dieti.

Snajmre, Caura R. : cJc? ad, 6, 10. i., 8. v., 13, 15. xii., 29. iv. '99 (Klages).

La Pricioii, Canra R. : <a ad. .\ii. 1900, \\. ; ? 31, i. 1901 (E. Andre).

The Oanra River males dift'er from typical T/mL furcata from Cayenne in

having the nnder tail-coverts uniform deep steel-blue without white edges. In

this respect they agree with specimens from British Guiana (Whitely coll., Merume,

Carimang), but the bills are mostly longer than in the latter.

Messrs. Simon and Dalma.s [Ortt/'s XI. (1901) p. 214] i_[Uote Thalurania

refulgens from the Mountains of Cumana and Caura. We can hardly think that

the true refulgens occurs on the Caura River. Th. refulgens differs, besides its

size and very long tail, by the blue area of tlie back being divided by black in

the middle. From Cnmaua the Tring Mnsenm has received a large series of

Th. refulgens (or Th. furcata refulgens as Hartert calls it) agreeing with Trinidad

specimens.

291. Colibri delphinae (Less.).

Orniamya chlphinae Less., Rn\ Zonl. II. (1839) p. 44 (typ. ia coll. Longuem., loc. ignot. We

substitute Sauta Fe de Bogota, Colombia).

Parima Mountains : ? ad. 9. v. 1900 (Klages).

" Iris dark grey ; feet and bill black)."

292. Lampornis nigricollis (VieilL).

Trochilus nigricollis V\eiU., Xouv. Did. VH. (1817) p. 34tl (typ. ex "Bresil").

Maipures : SS ad. 6, 7 (ter), 21, 28. xii. "98, 24. i. '99 ; ? ? 7, 9, 10, 21. xii.

'98, 28, 3U. i. '99.

Munduapo : ? 16. ii. '99.

Cariben : c? ad. 1 1 . ix. '9.s.

" Iris seal ; feet black ; bill black."

(Nos. 11157, 1130.5, 11371, 11372, 11373, 11374, 11404, 11417, 11433, 11557,

11558, 11727, 11773, 11774, 11800, 11978 Cherrie coll.)

Suapure : ? 19. v. '99 (Klages).

Temblador: ? 29. ix. 1900 (Klages).

La Pricion : c? c? ? February (E. Andre).

293. Chrysolampis mosquitus (L.).

Trochilus mnsquitus Lin., Syxt. Nut. Ed. X. (1758) p. 120 (typ. in Mus. Ad. Frid. ex "Indiis"*).

Caicara: c?c? ad. 15 (quater), 18 (bis) ii., 26. iii. '98, 17. iii. '99, <S juv. 15.

ii., ? ¥ 15 (quater), 16, 18. (bis) ii., ? juv. 16. ii. '98.

Month of River Meta : '• cJ " ad. 14. ix. '98.

" Iris dusky ; bill black : feet black."

* We substitute Sitrhiam.

( 88 )

(Nos. 111080, 10088, lOiisi), liiii'ji), 1(JU91, 10092, 10093, 10094, l(j09ti,

10097, 1009S, mil:?, 1U114, 1011."), 10149, 10150, 10152, 10514, 10565, 11103

Cherrie coll.)

Cindad Bolivar: Sd May, Jnly, ? (?) ? jnv. ,711116, July, November, '98

(Klages).

La Pricion : J ? jiiv. Feb. 1901 (E. Andr<5).

294. Heliothrix aurita ((iin.).

Trochilus auritm Gmelin, SyM. Niif. I. (1788) p. 493 (Cayenne, ex Brisson, Buffon & Latham).

Maipures : (? jnv. 30. i. '99. " Iris seal ; feet dnsky slate ; bill black "

(no. 11802 Cherrie coll.).

Temblador (Caiira Valley) : ? ad. 29. ix. 1909 (Klages).

Snaimre : ? ? 21. is., 22. xii. '99 (Klages).

La Pricion : c? ? ? Dec. 1900, Jan., Feb. 1901 (E. Andre).

295. Floricola longirostris (Audeb. & Vieill.).

Trochilus longirostris Audeb & Vieill., Ois. Dor. I. (1802) p. 128 PI. [i^ (ex " Inde.s Occidentales "—

coll, Parkinson in Mus. M. Thompson).'

Trochilus superbus Shaw (& Nodder), Xiil. Misc. XIII. (1S02) PI. 517 ("Southern parts of

America." We supplement Trinidail.)

Suapnre : c?J 4, 6, 12. i. 1900, 29. xii. '99 ; ? ? 15. i. 19()U, 29. xii. '99 (Klages).

La Pricion : c?(? ? 15. xii. 1900, 2, 8. i. 1901 (E. Andr6).

Maipures : ? 12. xii. '98 (no. 11455 Cherrie coll.).

" Iris dark grey ; bill and feet black '" (Klages).

29C). Calliphlox amethystina (Gm.).

Trochilus amethystimis Gm., Syst. Nul. I. (1788) p. 496 (ex Buffon — Cayenne).

Suapiire : " c? juv." (??),? ad. 4, 9. iv. 1900.

" Iris dark grey ; bill and feet black " (Klages).

29T. Lophornis omatus (Bodd.).

Trochilus ornnlus Bodd., Tabl. PI. Enl. p. 39 (1783) (ex Daubenton, PI. Enl. 640 f. 3— Cayenne).

Caicara: ? juv. 30. vi. '98 (no. 11027 Cherrie coll.).

Snapure: iS ad. 29. xii. '99, 11. i. 1900; ? ? ad. 4. i., 8. v. 1900, ¥ juv.

26. xii. '99 (Klages coll.).

" (? ad. Iris dark grey ; feet dark grey ; bill flesh-red, tipped with black "

(Klages).

* We supplement Trinidad. The names longirostris and superbus are published in the same year.

The former has been universally adopted, but Hartert (Tierrncit 9. Lief. Trorhil. p. 1!I2) ha.s introduced

the name svpcrbus. This was done because the editors of the Tierreirh conaideiod that tlie names of

Audebert & Vieillot in the Ois. Dor. could not be used in our system, as the authors did not always use

binomial names, sometimes neglecting to use Latiu names altogether. Berlepsch, howi-vcr, is of opinion

that there is no reason to reject their names if they are in binomial form, and it is probably best not to

abandon the name longirostris. About the actual dates of the Naturalisfs Miarfllaiig, Sherhorn's notes

in Ann. <$• Afag. Nat. l/ist. ser. t), xv., p 37(i (ISilS) should be consulted.

( 89 )

298. Lophornis verreauxi klagesi snbsp. nov.

[Trochilus verreauxi Bourc. & J. & E. Verreaux, Rev. & Mag. de Zool. 1853 p. 193 PI. VI. (typ.

ex " P^rou " *).]

L. L. verreauxi dictae simillima sed (in mari adulto) corpore toto obscuriore

viridi, rectricibns tectricibusqne caudae snperioribus obscnre brouzino-olivaceis (nee

cnpveo-aeneis I), plumis ad latera colli elongatis etiam obscnrioribus, raacnla minore

alba apicatis distingnenda. SS ad. al. 44, 45 ; cand. 32, 28, culm. 13, 12A mm.

Hab. In regione flumiuis Canra : Snapnre, La Pricion.

Typus : Suapnre, t? 1. i. 19U0, Klages coll., in Mus. Tring.

The adult males from the C'anra Kiver differ from an old male from Yurimaguas

and a series of adult /nales from Bogota collections as follow :

The colour of the whole body is of a darker green ; the rectrices and upper

tail-co¥erts differ striking!}- in their dark bronzy olive instead of dark coppery

bronze-colour.

The long ornamental feathers on the sides of the throat are of a darker green,

and have smaller and less conspicuous white tips.

In the females the darker green of the body plumage is not so conspicuous,

but the tail is less bronzy, more blackish and greenish, and the pale tips to the

rectrices are somewhat darker, more greyish, and generally more restricted in size.

This interesting new form is named in honour of Mr. Samnel M. Klages, who

partly with his brother Edw. A. Klages, but mostly alone, collected on the ('aura

River and sent us many valuable specimens.

We have the following specimens of L. verreauxi klac/esi :

Suapnre : (J ad. 1. i. 1900. " Iris dark grey ; bill and feet black." ? ? 20. v.

'99, 4, 16. i. 1900 (Klages).

La Pricion : c? ad. 8. ii. 1901, 4 ? ? 13, 14. xii. 1900 (E. Andri?).

299. Discosura longicauda (Gm.).

Trochilus hngicaudus Gml., Syst. Nat. I. 1 (1788) p. 498 (ex BufEon "du cabinet de Mons.

Mauduit," no locality. We substitute Cayenne.)

Nericagua : ? 1. iv. '99 (no. 12374 Cherrie coll.).

" Iris seal ; feet blackish ; bill black."

300. Stenopsis cayennensis (Gm.).

Caprhmdgus cayennensis Gml., Syst. Xut. Ed. XIII. 1 (1788) p. 1031 (ex Buff.— Cayenne).

Altagracia : <?(? 27. xi., 1 (bis), 7, 11, 28. xii., S juv. Iike/ma;e27. xi., 26. xii.,

? ? 27. xi., 1, 7 (bis), 11,28. xii. '97.

" Iris blackish ; feet pale dusky ; bill blackish."

Qniribaua de Caicara : c? ? ad. 4. iv. '98.

(Nos. 8905, 8906, 8907, 8961, 8962, 8963, 9074, 9075, 9076, 9162, 9163, 9164,

9415, 9416, 9417, 10601, 10602 Cherrie coll.)

cJcJ al. 143, 137, 137, 145, 146, caud. 123, 113, 112 mm.

? ? „ 141, 137, 133, cand. 105, 103, 99 mm.

These specimens exhibit generally smaller dimensions than the skins collected

in British Guiana by the late Mr. Whitely. In fact, the female specimens

collected by Mr. Peters antl by Hartert in the island of Curacao, which are of rather

small size, agree in their dimensions perfectly with the females collected near

• We take as the typical locality Upper Amazons, country about Yurimaguas.

( 90)

Altagracia. Nevertheless some Guiana specimens are equally small, ami as there

is much individual difi'erence in size, a larger suries fnmi diti'erent lixalities

is necessary to come to a definite conclusion, whether local races might be

distingnishable or not.

301. Nyctidromus albicoUis (Gm.).

Caprimulgus olhicoUis Gml., Syst. Not. I. 1 (1788) p. 1030 (ex Lath. — Cayenne).

Altagracia : S <3 18. xi., 6. xii. '97, 21. i. '98 ; ? ? ad. 8, 20. xi. '97.

Caicara: cJc? ad. 22, 25. ii., 3, 9, 11. iii., 10. v.; ? ad. 14. ii., ? jnv. 10.

viii. '98.

" Eye dark seal (black) ; feet dusky liorn (grey) ; bill black (blackish)."

(Nos. S519, 864(), 8766, 90:".9, 9764, lnO.52, KiL'iiii, 10262, 10367, 10430, 10455,

10906, 11102 Cherrie coll.)

Ciudad Bolivar : cJ (J ? May, August, December.

Sna|mrc : c? ad. 4. iv. '99 (Klages).

La Union: (?? 17. xii. 1900.

La Pricion : <? ? 1. ii. 1901 (Andr.5).

Some specimens are grey above, others from the same localities quite rufous.

302. Chordeiles acutipennis (Bodd.).

Caprimulgus ricutipeiiiiis Bodd., Tabl. /'/. Eiil. (1783) p. 40 (ex PI. Eiil. 732, typ. ex "Guiane" —

sc. Cayenne).

Altagracia : SS 20. xi., 7, 13, 28. xii., ? 16. xii. '97.

Maipures : (^J 19, 21. xii. ; ? 27, 29. xii. '98.

Quiribana de Caicara : S 4. iv. '98.

" Iris blackish ; feet dusky greyish (dusky, smoke grey) : bill blackish

(dusky)."

(Nos. 8764, 9077, 9183, 9244, 9421, l(i611, 11571, 11639, 11618, 11044

Cherrie coll.)

303. Nannochordeiles pusillus (Gould).

Chordeiles ? pusitlm Gould, P.Z.S. 1801 p. 18'J {Hab. "Supposed to be Bahia").

Maipures : 3 ad. 22. i. '99 ; ? ad. 18. xii. '98. " Iris dark seal ; feet dusky ;

bill blackish " (nos. 11520, 11714 Cherrie coll.).

304. Nyctiprogne leucopygia (Spix).

Caprimulgus leucopygus Spix, Av. Bras. II. (1823) p. 3 PI. III. (hah. in lit. sylv. fl. Amazon).

Altagracia : i S 10. xii. '97, 3, 21. i. '98 ; ? ? 20, 27. xi., 9 (bi.s), 13, 14 (bis),

28. xii. '97, 3 (" breeding"), 6 (bis), 11 (bis), 21. 1. '98.

Caicara : i 26. iii., ? 15. ii. '98.

Maipures : S juv. 26. i. '99.

" Iris black (blackish, dark seal) ; feet dusky slate (pale dusky, dusky

blackish) : bill blackish."

(Nos. 8765, »904, 9119, 9120, 9142, 9182, 9206, 9420, 9474, 9475, 9546, 9547,

9628, 9629, 9761, 9762, 10076, 10561, 11763 Cherrie coll.)

Mr. ('herrie sent us a large series of line skins of this rare species, which was

not yet recorded from Venezuela.

( 91 )

305. Claudia squamata (f'ass.).

Ci/p-wlus sfjuaimitm Cass., Pntc. Ac. N. Sc. J'liUad. TI. (1853) p. 369 (British Guiana).

Altagracia : cJ cj 27 (bis) xi., 7. xii. 'f(7 ; 25. i. '98; ? ? 20, 24. xii. '97, 24 (bis),

25 (qnater) i. '98.

" Iris blackish ; feet dusky ; bill black."

(Nos. 8881, 8882, 9089, 9296, 9380, 9786, 9787, 9788, 9808, 9809, 9810, 9811,

9812, 10643 Cherrie coll.)

Qniribaiia de ( 'aicara : 7. iv. '98.

306. Chaetura spinicauda (Temm.).

Cypselua sjiinicatulus Temm., Tnhl. Meth. in PI. Col. I. (li-139) p. 57 (Cayenne).

Snapure : c? c? ? ? 27. x. 1900. " Iris dark grey ; feet light reddish grey ; bill

black " (Klages).

307. Chaetura andrei sp. nov.

Oh. snpra fnligiiiosa, cajnte uigrescente ; remigibus fuliginosia, pogoniis

externis apicibii-sque nigris, iiitore purpnrascenti, uropygio supracaudalilnisque

ciiiereo-fnmosis, rectricibns pallide i'nliginosis, nitore nonnnllo, rhachidibus nigris ;

loris nigris ; subtiis fiiligiuosa, guttnre pallide ciuerasceute. Rectricum spiais

brevibus. Long. tot. oa. 140, al. 114|, 115, 117, caud. 30, 31, 32, tars. 10|, spinis

candae 1, 1^, 2 mm.

Hah. Orinoco centr., Cumaua.

Typus : 3 Caicara 21. iii. '98 (no. 10534 Cherrie coll.).

This new species comes evidently nearest to Chaetura cinereicanda (Cass.), from

which it differs in the following points :

The tail is nrach shorter, measuring only 30 to 32 instead of 43 to 45 mm. The

spines also are much shorter, being barely half as long. The crown of the head

and the back are deep smoky brown, instead of black with steel-blue gloss. The

entire breast and abdomen are mnch deeper smoky brown, while the throat is

somewhat lighter, thus producmg a dee]) contrast between those parts, while in

C. cinereicauda the uuder-surface is nearly uniform.

More than two years ago the Triug Museum received from Mr. E. Andr^

of Trinidad, a skin marked " ¥ ," which had been taken at San Felix, Cnmana,

Venezuela, by Mr. Caracciolo, and therefore we name this species in honour of Mr.

Andre.

Mr. Cherrie sent us the following specimens :

Altagracia : ? ? 2, 3. ii. '98.

Caicara : c? ? ad. 19, 21. iii. '98.

" Iris seal ; bill black ; feet blackish."

(Nos. 9950, 9973, 10529, 10534 Cherrie coll.)

308. Chloronerpes flavigula (Bodd.).

Piruspivlgula Bodd., Tall. PL Kid. (I78:i) p. 49 (ex P\. Enl. 784— ex Cayenne).

Nericagna : S 24. iii. '99.

Mundnapo : <?<? 10. ii., 12. iii. ; ? ? 3, 23. ii. '99.

(Nos. 11819, 11908, 12086, 12201, 12235 Cherrie coll.)

( 92)

"Iris seal; feet chromium green; bill above slate lihulc, below plnmbeons

with blackish slate tip."

Siiapure : <J ? ? 10. xii., 27. ii., 2(5. iii. '99 (Klages).

La Pricion : c? ? 17. ii. 19ul (Aiidr^).

La Union : c? 18. xii. 1900 (Andr^).

Nicare : cJc? 18, 19. i. 1901 (Andr^).

309. Chrysoptilus punctigula guttatus (Spix).

IPicus puiicligula Bodd., Tabl. PI. Eiil. (1783) p. 37 (ex PI. Eul. (JIB— ex Cayenne ? ).]

Picks guttatus Spix, Av. Bras. I. (1824) p. 61 PI. LIII. fig. 1 (hab. in sylv. fl, Amazon).

Altagracia : cJc? 14, 15. i., 14. xii. '98 ; ? ? 15. xi., 7, 14. (bis) xii. '97.

Caicara: <^<J » (ter) iii., 7. v., 8, 28. (bis) vi., ? ? 1. iii., 8 (bis), 28. vi.,

5. vii. '98.

"Iris brick-red, vand3ke, seal-brown; feet sage-green (olive-brown, dnsky

brown) ; bill black (blackish, blackish slate)."

(Nos. 8647, 11078, 9207, 9208, 9209, 97o5, 9717, 10324, 10325, 10415, l<i41fi,

10895, 10941, 10942, 10943, 10987, 10988, 10989, 110.58 Cherrie coll.)

These specimens belong probably to true Ck. p. guttatus (Spix), but the

pattern of the throat is more like that of Cayenne examples, while Bogota

ones show a much greater amount of white there. The Orinoco birds agree

with those from Bogotii specimens in having the back rather more greenish, less

fulvescent than in Cayenne specimens. They difler from those from both these

localities in presenting no trace of the blood-red suffusion on the breast always

to be seen in adult birds from those places.

310. Melanerpes terricolor* (Berl.).

Ceiiturus terricolor Berl., Ibis 1880 p. 130 (" Orinoco distr. or Trinidad ").

Maipures : ? ad. 14. xii. '98.

Altagracia : <?c? 12, 22, 23. xi. '97, 10, 24. i. '98, 28. xii. '97 ; ? ? 10, 22, 23,

26. xi., 2. xii. '97, 24, 26. i. '98.

Caicara : cJcJ 22. ii., 18. iii. ; ? 2. iii. '08.

" Iris mummy brown (dusky brown) ; feet dnsky slate (dusky olive) ; bill

black."

(Nos. 8560, 8601, 8780, 8781, 8806, 8807, 8874, 8984, 9428, 9616, 9798, 9799,

9836, 10207, 10348, 10516, 11466 Cherrie coll.)

Ciudad Bolivar: c? cJ 28. xi., 17. xii., J juv. 24. vi. '98 (Klages).

Suapure : ? S. iv. '99 (Klages).

311. Melanerpes cruentatus (Bodd.).

Picas cruentatus Bodd., Tabl. PI. Enl. (1783) p. 43 (ex PI. Enl. 694 f. 2— typ. ex Cayenne).

Munduapo : S S A, 23. ii. '99 (nos. 11826, 12085 Cherrie coll.).

" Iris lemon yellow ; feet plumbeous pea-green ; bill slate black ; eyelids

black ; bare skin around eyes straw yellow."

Suapure : <S 26. iv. ; ? ? 7, 24, 26. iv. 1900 (Klages).

* The Picnn trieolor Wagler is preoccupied by Pieua trievhr of Gmelin.

( 93 )

312. Veniliornis cassini (Malh.).

Mesopicm mmui Malh., Picidar II. (ISOliJ p. M. PL LXVIII. figs. 2, 3 {Imb. " Du Bn'sil ou de

la Nonvelle Grenade." We substitute Cayenne.)

Snapnre : <S (S 29. iii., 7. iv. 1900; ? ? in. iv., 14. L\. '99. "Iris dark red;

feet black ; bill grey, varying from very dark at base of maxilla to very light at

tip of mandible " (Klages).

La Pricion : 3. ii. 1901. " Irides brown ; feet and toes greenish grey ; upper

bill black, lower one grey " (E. Andr^).

313. Veniliornis orenocensis n. sp.

^' Detidrobales ruficeps (Spix) an D. kirtlamU Malh." Bcrl. & Lev. Oriiis 1890 p. 30 (Angostura).

I'. I', haematostigma dicto afiinis sed panlo minor, nucha maris pileo concolore

nee aurea, alarum tectricibns snperioribus vix vel minus distincte rubro-maculatis,

corpore subtns in fundo brunnescentiore, necnon regioue ante- et snbocnlari brnnneo

uec albesceute distinguendus. Al. 95 — 93, caud. 57 — 51, culm. 20J, tars. 17^ — •

16^ mm.

Hub. In regione fluminis Orinoco : Angostura — Munduajio.

Typus in Mus. H. v. B.

Nericagna: SS 29. iii., 1. iv., ? 1. iv. '99.

Mundnapo : t?c? 8, 11, 23. ii. '99.

"Iris Vandyke brown; feet olive-plumbeons (olive); bill above black, below

slate-grey."

(Nos. 11868, 11910, 12084, 1230G, 12353, 12354 Cherrie coll.)

This apparently new species differs from V. haematostigma (Malh.),* especially

in the want of the fulvous yellow colour on the neck, also in wanting the whitish

line under the eye and the whitish ante-ocular spot, in having the ground colour

of the nnderparts of the body of a rather darker brownish tint, in showing Init

very small traces of the blood-red spots at the tips of the larger upper wing-coverts

(wanting altogether in some specimens) and in presenting smaller dimensions.

It might be the same as Mesopicus hirtkuuli Malh., but it is impossible to

judge from Malherbe's description and figure of that species.

314. Veniliornis passerinus (L.).

Picus passerhius Linn., Syst. Nat. Ed. XII. 1 (1766) p. 174 ex Briss. (" ex Dominica "— erroret).

Pictis smegalensis Gm., Syst. Nat. I. 1 (1788) p. 430 (ex Buffon— Senegal, errore. We sub.stitute

Cayenne).

Picus lephrodops Wagl. %

Dendrobates tephrodops Harg., Cat. XVIII. (1890) pp. 339, 352.

Altagracia : cjt? 1. ii. '98, 19. xi. '97, ¥ 9 2, 3. (bis) ii. ; <? juv. 20. i. '98.

Caicara: <S <S S. vi., 25. ii., 8. iii., c?c? juv. (marked " ? ? "), 16. ii., 15, 26.

iii. ; ? 23. ii., ? juv. 1. iii. '98.

" Iris dark sepia ; feet plumbeous olive ; bill black."

(Nos. 8744, 9147, 9748, 9954, 9961, 9962, 9981, lOlOO, 10218, 10260, 10315,

10417, 10491, 10562, 10944 Cherrie coll.)

* We have compared specimens from Central Peru in Mus. H. v. B.

f We substitute Cayenne.

J The Pieus Ujihrodops Wagl. is simply based on Picus senegalerisis Gml. (ex PI. KiiL 345 f. 2) —

in Mus. Paris fitle Wagl.— which is clearly the same species as that which we have received through

Mr. Cherrie. It is perhaps not quite so certain that Picu^ passerinus Linn, (ex Briss.) means the same

species, but there is all probability that this is tbe case. At all events the term tephrodops must give

way to an ohter term, either setieffalejtsis (17KS; or passerintts (1766).

( 94 )

31.1. Celeus jumana (S]iix).

Picmjununin Spix, .li-. limn. I. (1824) p. ft7 PI. XLVII. f. 1 (J 2 ? (ex sylv. fl. Amazon).

Perico : ? 20. xi. '08.

Mnndnapo : c?c? ad. 18. ii., 12. iii. ; ? ? 13, 15, 28. ii. '99.

Maipnres : i ad. 22. xii., ? 19. xii. '98.

Snapnre : ? ad. 28. vi. '99 (Klages).

Nicare : 18. i. 1901 (E. Andrd).

" Iris burnt umber : feet dusky jilnmbeous olive ; bill, whitish honi-colour,

slightly shaded with green or greenish."

CNos. 11282, 11.540, 11580, 11924, 11925, llo:)7, ll'.i'.i4, 12i:!7, 121ss, Cherrie

coll.)

31 (i. Celeus grammicus (Malh.).

Pirns gramm'irux Malh., Mhn. Sur. /?«//. Lieijf 184.5 p. I'l'J (" Bri'sil " — e.\ Natt. Mus. Viiidoli. Salto

do Girao, Madeira).

Celeus grammicuK Berl. & Lev., Umix 1890 p. :il (Angostura).

?. Al. 13o,caud. 80, culm. 22 mm. d d al. 120,caud. 7», culm. 21, tars, l^i mm.

$ „ 123, „ 77, „ 22, „ 18 „

Munduapo : c? ? 20. ii. '99.

Nericagna : ? 27. iii., " breeding " : 6 d 4, 22. iv. '99.

" Iris bay-brown ; feet dnsky greenish grey ; bill, wliitish horn-colour shaded

with greenish."

(Nos. 12031, 12032, 12274, 12402, 12532 Cherrie coll.)

Comi)ared with specimens from the Upi)er Amazons these birds differ by

having somewhat shorter bills ; the mfilea have also shorter wings and tails.

317. Cerchneipicus torquatus (Bodd.).

Piciis tor(n,<itU8 Bodd., Tabl. PI. Enl. (1783) p. 52 (ex PI. E,d. 8Ci3, ? —Cayenne I).

La Pricion on the Canra River: c? ad. 17. ii. 1901. " I rides maroon, upper

mandible black, lower grey ; feet and toes grey " (E. Andrd).

Suajmre : ? 28. v. '99. " Iris dark red-violet ; feet grey ; bill dark grey,

mandible greyish white " (Klages).

318. Crocomorphus flavus (Miill.).

PicuKjIaruH Mull., Lin. Natursystem Siipjil. (1776) p. '.U (ex /'/. Eiil. 509, tjp. ex Cayenne).

Altagiacia : c? ? 4. xii. '97.

t'aicara : d 6 &d. 10. iii. (bis), 1. vii. '98.

Maipures : (^ c? ad. 7, 26 (ter) xii., '98.

" Iris carmine ; feet dark pea-green ; bill chrome yellow, shading into sulphur-

yellow at base of mandible."

(Nos.9()14,90lo, 11)440, lo441, 11031, 11375,11015, IIOIO, 11017 Cherrie coll.)

La Pricion : ? ? 2, 5. ii. 1901 (Andrd).

The variation in the yellow ground colour is remarkable. The specimens shot

in December and January are of a rather clark and rich canary yellow, while those

from March and July are faded to a pale bulF. There is also a great variation

in size.

( s.-^ )

319. Campephilus rubricoUis fBodd.).

Picus ruhrkolli« Bodd., Tnhl. PI. E„l. (1783) p. 37 [ex PL Enl. 61-2 (ex Cayenne) ? ].

Mnndnapo : Si lo, 27. ii. '99.

" Iris lemon-yellow ; feet dark, sage-green ; bill, very pale (almost whitish)

horn-colour."

(Nos. 11964, 12127 Cherrie coll.)

Snapnre : c?(? ? ? 19. i., 24. iii., 2(i. vi. '99, 12. iv. 19u0 (Klages).

La Priciou on the Caura River : c? ? 9. ii. 1901 (E. Andr^).

32U. Campephilus melanoleucus (Gm.).

Pwu.1 melanolencos Gml., Syst. Nat. 1 (1788) p. 4G2 (ex Lath., typ. ex Surinam) (cf. Pelz., Jhia

1873 p 33).

Perico : ? ? 25, 30. ix. '98.

Maipnres : S 23. i. '99 ; ? 22. xii. '98.

Quiribana de Caicara : ? 7. iv. '98.

''Iris lemon-yellow (straw-yellow); feet smoke-grey (plumbeous) ; bill white,

dusky grey along ridge of culmen (dusky slate above, whitish below "j.

"(Nos. 10647, 11224, 11239, 11576, 11718 Gherrie coll.)

Suapure : ? ? 21. vi., 8. viii., 6. x. '99 (Klages).

La Pricion : ? 16. xii. 1900 (AndrtS).

321. CeopMoeus lineatus (L.).

Pirns Iliu'iilM Linn., Syst. Nat. Ed. XII. 1 (17liC) p. 174 (ex Briss.— Cayenne).

Caicara : (? 29. vi. 98.

Puerto Samoro : ? 24. xi. '98.

Altagrada : c? c? 27. xi. '97, 15. i. '98 ; ? ? 17. xii., 27. xi. '97.

Quiribana de Caicara : cJc? 14, 25. iv. ; ? juv. 11. iv. '98.

Perico : S 27. ix., ? 24. ix. '98.

" Iris straw yellow ; feet plumbeous ; bill dusky slate above, whitish below."

(Nos. 8903, 9276, 9413, 9722, 10701, 19734, 10824, 11012, 11217, 11233, 11333

t'herrie coll.)

Cindad Bolivar : ? ? 24, 26. vi. '98 (Klages).

Suapure : SS 16. ii., 17. iii. ; S 24. x. '99 (Klages).

La Pricion : c?cJ 2, 18. ii. 1901 (Andrt^).

The similarity in colour aud markings — one is tempted to say mimicry —

between Ceophloeus lineatus and Campephilus melanoleucus is most remarkable.

322. Picumnus leucogaster Pelz.

Picumiius leucogaster Pelz., Orn. Bras. (18G9) pp. 2-tl, 336 (Forte do Eio Branco, etc.).

Altagracia : 6 27, 31. i. ; ? 31. i. '98.

Caicara : i S 25. iii. (bis), 7. v., 23. vi., 2. vii. ; ? ? 10, 25. iii., 2. vii., 21. x. '98.

" Iris seal-brown ; feet light sage green ; bill blackish at tip, slate at base."

(Nos. 9912, 10549, 10550, 10896, 10957, 11248 Cherrie coll.)

This used to be a rare species in collections of natnral history.

323. Picumnus undulatus Harg. (? snbsp.).

P'mimnus undulatus Hargitt, Ibis 1889 p. 354 (typ. ex Roraima, Brit. Guiana, Mus. Hargitt).

Nericagua : S 24. iii. '99.

Perico : ? 23. ix. '98. " Iris seal ; feet plumbeous ; bill blackish, plumbeous

at base of mandible."

( 96 )

(No8. 11212, 12232 Cherrie coll.)

Snapnre, Caura U. : <S d 25. iv., 22. vi., 1.5. v. ''.lO (S. M. Klages).

La Union : ? 18. xii. 1000 (Andr^).

Nicare, Caiira R. : 6 ad., ? ad., ? juv. 18. i. I'.iiil (E. Andr^).

La Pricion : ¥19. ii. lOUl (E. Andre).

Most of these birds have the feathers of the back and the wing-coverts more

distinctly and sharply terminated with yellowish, and more distinctly marked with

l)lai'kish spots or bands before the yellowisli tips than the typie-al Roraima specimens,

and the wings are shorter. These differences, however, are apjiareutly not (piite

constant, and our present material is ])erhaps not sufficient to warrant the creation

of a new subspecies.

(P. umlidatiis is so closely allied to /'. hiifoni tliat it is perhaps better treated

as a subspecies of the latter.)

324. Picumnus stellae sp. n.

P. fronte nigro, his jihimis in mari macnlis elongatis flavis in foemina rotundatis

nlbis ajiicatis, capite superiore relicpio pallide umbrino fusco, liis plumis apice

macula alba vel fulvo-alba signatis, dorso fulvescenti-olivaceo, maculis oljscure

fuscis, fasciisque indistinctis fulvesceutibus vario, remigibus secnndariis extus

stramineo-flavo marginatis perpaullnm virescentibns, corpore subtus flavescenti-

albo lineis angustis nigris regulariter transfasciato; rectricibus solito modo coloratis.

Obs. P. P. imllacei Harg. dicto maxime aflSnis ut videtur, sed corpore subtus

omniuo lineis nigro-brunueis transfasciato, uec abdnmine macnlis rotundis signato.

SS. Al. 54-52, caud. 26^—26, culm. 11— ln^, tars. 12*— lU mm.

?. „ 51 „ 23i „ 10| „ 12 J

Hub. C'ircum flumen Orinoco dictum medium.

T>/pus in Mns. H. v. B. S Maipnres, 6. i. '99 (no. 11677 Gherrie coll.).

Maipures : S 6 & (bis), 9. i. '99, 6, 8, 9, 28. xii. '98, S <? juv. 6, 9. i. '99; ? ? 28.

xii. '98, 19, 27. i. '99.

"Iris seal (dark); feet plumbeous; bill black, basal half of mandible slate-grey."

(Nos. 1136G, 11396, 11403, 11034, 11635, 11670, 11677, 11678, 11702, 11703,

11767 Cherrie coll.)

This new Picumnus differs from P. wallacei Harg., which is perhaps its nearest

ally, by the abdomen being banded with narrow cross-lines of black like the chest,

instead of being marked witli spots of dusky.

It resembles still more 1'. j/uncf/jro/is Tacz. of Peru, but the ground colour of

the hinder part of the pileum is of a pale umber-brown instead of being black, the

ear-coverts also pale umber-brown, not blackish ; the area of the yellow spots on the

forehead is much more extended, the back more fulvous olive-brown, less olive-

green, and the black cross-lines on the undcrparts are mnch narrower ; the abdomen

is more whitish, less yellowish, and the bill is shorter.

We have much pleasure in naming this bird after Mrs. Stella M. Cherrie, who

accompanied her husband on his dangerous collecting tri[) to the Orinoco, and aided

him very much in collecting specimens of natural history.

325. Coccyzus americanus (L.).

Cuculus americanus Lin., Syst. Nat. Ed. X. (1758) p. ill (ex Catesby— Carolina).

Altagracia : ? 3. xi. '97.

Nericagna : cj 13. iv. '99. " Iris seal ; feet dusky slate-grey ; bill above black,

( 97 )

basal entting edge from line above nostril and extending half way to tip olive-

yellow, mandible deep clirome-yellow, extreme tip blackish : evelids lemon-yellow."

(Nos. 8453, 12505 ('herrie coll.)

326. Coccyzus melacoryphus Vieill.

Coccyzm mehiforyphus Vieill., .Voijr. l);,i. VIII. (IS17) p. ■!"{ (ex Azjira-Far.aguay).

Qniribana de Caicara : ? ad. 2n. iv. '98. " Iris seal ; feet slate-grey ; bill

black." (No. 10803 Cherrie coll.)

327. Coccyzus pumilus Strickl.

diKci/ziis pumllus Strickl., Cuulr. Oni. 1852 p. 28, PI. LXXXII (Trinidad).

Qniribana de Caicara : (? ad. 29. iv. '98.

" Iris carmine ; feet slate ; bill black ; evelids carmine." (No. 10881 Cherrie

coll.)

328. Piaya melanogastra (Vieill.).

Cuculus ineJanngriMer Vieill., Nour. J l„t. VIII. (1H17) p. 23G (Java, errore !— We substitute

Cayenne).

Snapnre: "??" 21. ii. '99. "Iris darker red; feet greyish black; bill red,

violet near base ; naked skin round eyes lighter bine-grey ; a i)atch of light

yellowish orange jnst below the eye " (Klages).

329. Piaya cayana guianensis (Cab. & Heine).

Curulus ciii/aiius Linn., Si/sl. Xut. Ed. XII. 1 (17(!()) p. 170 (ex Bri^.«.— Cayenne).

Pi/rrlwcony.c guianensis Cab. & Heine, M,(«. IIpIh. IV. (18G2) p. 85 (tjp. e.\ Ouiana, sc. Brit.

Guiana).

Altagracia: 6 d 15. i. '98, 17. .\ii. ; ? ? 30. \\. '97, 15. i., 13. ii. '9.s.

Caicara : J <? 3. iii., 16, 26. ii., Si 4. 12. iii., 15. 28. ii., 9. vi. '98.

Cindad Bolivar : SS 10. xii., 22. vii. '98 (Klages).

Snapnre, Caura : SS 13. iii., 16. v. '99 (Klages).

La Pricion, Caura : Si 15, l.s. xii. 1900, 17. ii. 19i)l (E. Andre).

" Iris dark lake-red ; skin abont eye carmine : feet phimbeous ; liill citron-

yellow, more apjile-green at base."

(Nos. 8931, 9255, 9714,9984, 10079, 10099, 10275, 10302, 10372, 10400, 10470,

10949 Cherrie coll.)

As far as we can see from Cabanis' and Heine's description, the Orinoco birds

agree best with those from Brit. (Guiana {gtiiarifimis Cab. A', Heine), but this form

is ])erha])s not much diiferent from true caijana of ('ayeune.

330. Piaya rutila (111.).

tmnlas ruOlus lUig., Ahh. U,d. A/.: IIV.w. 1M12 p. 224 (e.x fim. C. ni,/:i,mx var. ^ (and y errore !) ex

Brisson : Cayenne).

Caicara : c? <? 27. x., 7. vi. ; ? 21. x. '98.

Altagracia : ? 3. i. '98.

Qniribana de Caicara : i 16, 28. iv. '98.

Maipures : ? 31. .xii. '98.

"Iris vermilion ; feet dusky ]ilnmlioous olive ; bill snli]bur-yellow."

(Nos. 9494, 10752, 10918, l(l!)l<.), 11249, 11266, 1 1669 Clierrie coll.)

Ruapure : ? 25. x. 1900.

Temblador, Caura Valley : i 25. ix. 1900 (Klages).

La Pricion -.6 1. ii., ? ¥ 4, 15. ii. 1901 (E. Andru).

7

( !»« )

;!:!!. Diploptenis naevius (L.)-

Cuculiis naevltis Linn., Sysl. Xiit. Ed. XII. 1 (1766) p. 17(1 (ex Brias.— Cayenne).

Altajrracia : c?c? 28. xii. '97, 1. ii. '98.

Qniribaua de Caicara : S IC iv. ; ? 20. iv. '98.

Maipures : ? -M. xii. '98.

Nerica.sua : c? '.VK iii. '99.

" Iris clay-colour ; feet plumbeous: Mil, ridire of cnlinen clovc-lirown, cutting

edge ciuuaraon, raaudilile drab."

C'iudad Bolivar : cJ c? 4, 0. viii. "US.

Snapure : S 22. iv., ? 13. vii. '99 (Klages).

La Pricion : ? 4. ii. 1901 (Andre).

La Uuion : S 18. xii. 190U (Andre).

(Nos. 9430, 992'.!, lOT.-il, 10s.-,ii, llons, 1-2313 f'liorrio coll.)

332. Crotophaga ani (L.).

C,;,ln,,lui!ia ani Linn., Si/st. iXal. Ed. X. 1 (1708) p. 100 (ex Marcgrave,* etc.).

Altagracia : ad. 8. i., '• ? '" .juv. 13. i. '98, 6. xii. '97, ? 12. i. '98.

" Eye dark sepia ; feet black : bill blackish."

(Nos. 90.58, 9.590, 9(157, 9084 (Jherrie coll.)

Ciudad Bolivar : c?c? 1. vii., 30. xi. '98 (Klages).

Suapure : 3 S vi., ? 12. v. '99 (Klages).

333. Crotophaga sulcirostris Sws.

Crn/njjhirya stilcirosins Swajns., Ph,l<,s. Mag. Xcw tt I'v'l. Sn: I. (1827) p. 440 (Tableland of

Mexico, Temiscaltipec).

Altagracia : (J(J 4. xi., 13. xii. '97, 2. ii. '98 ; ? ? 3. ii. '98.

" Eye seal ; feet black ; bill black."

(Nos. 8467, 9179, 9180, 9181, 995(1, 9979, 9980, loll)4 Clierrie coll.)

rullus: 13. xii. '97.

Caicara : 21. ii. 'Os.

It is a remarkable fiict that this species occurs in company with C. ani.

334. Crotophaga major Gm.

Crolnjili/i/jii majiii- Gm., Sijut. Xnl. 1 (1788) p. 363 (ex Briss.— Cayenne).

Altagracia : ? ad. ? juv. 10. xi. '07.

Caicara : cJcJ 7. vi. ; S ? 15. viii., 7. vi. 'OS.

" Iris sulphnr-yellow ; feet black ; bill black."

(Nos. 8501, 8502, 10923, 10924, 10925, 11132 Cherrie coll.)

Suapnro : iS 28. vi., 11. viii., S 28. vi. '99 (Klages).

335. Capito auratus intermedius snbsp. nov.

[Baccn auratus Dumont, Dhl. Sr. Xnt. IV. (IKli)) p. :,i (typ. ex Purou, Mu.". Paris t).]

C. 6 mari (\ (uiratus dicti simillimus, dift'ert fronte vividiore, jilus minusve

aurautiaco tincto, gula qnoque magis aurautiaco tincta. ? gnla tota anrantiaca

inimaculata.

Nericagua : 6 28. iii. '99. " Iris carmine-red ; feet bluish plumbeous ; bill

black, basal half of mandible plumbeous." (Nos. 12287, 12483 Cherrie coll.)

' Marcgrave descril)cs I lie birds from Eastern Jirazil.

t C'f. Dalmas, Jiull Hnc. Zoul. France IHOU p. 17s, note.

( 99 )

Mr. Cherrie sent only one male, and one/emale. The male differs from a good

series of <^ tj G. auratus from N.B. Peru, Ecuador, and Bogota collections in Mus.

Brit., Mns. H. v. B., and Mus. Triiig by a much brighter forehead, more or less

tinged with orange, brighter and more orange throat, and a]i]>arently also by the

sides of the abdomen being somewliat less boldly marked with black. The wing

measures 88, tail about 55 mm. T\\a female differs much more from the ? of

typical C. auratus, as its throat is orange without black spots, that of ( '. auratus

being largely spotted with black, each feather having a black terminal spot. The

distribution of this form is very peculiar, as specimens from S.E. Pern (Marcapata,

Cuzco, 0. Garlepp coll.) and Bolivia iu Mus. H. v. B. are the same as our

Orinoco birds.

It is evident that C. auratus must be the name for the species named punrtatus

iu the Cat. B. XIX. p. 112. C. punctatus Lesson is described without locality,

and is to be considered as a synonym of auratus ; it caunot apply to our new form,

as there is no mention of the orange-yellow forehead.

330. Capito auratus aurantiicinctus (Dalmas).

Cujutii riurantiicinctiis DaXmns, Bull. Sue. Znol. Franc I'JOO p. 178 ("Dans le bassia de la riviere

Caura").

Nicare, Caura P.: S ad. (erroneously marked ?) 22. i. lOul. " Irides red-

brown ; both mandibles blackish ; feet greenish grey" (E. Andre).

This specimen agrees perfectly with Comte de Dalmas' description, though

the orange area on the abdomen is rather pale. The fact that this ornithologist

has fourteen specimens proves that the characters of his aurantiicinctus must be

constant on the (!aura River, but our interuiedius stands somewhat intermediate

by the more orange throat, and we regard tlierefore aurantiicinctus as a subspecies

of auratus.

337. Ramphastos cuvieri inca (Gould).

[Eiiiiijihasto.^ cuvieri Wagl., Syst. Ar. (18'27) gen. Rwuphastm, sp. 5 (Unit, in Brasilia versus flum.

Amazonum — Mus. Monac. " Rostro nigro ".)]

liiimjihiistos Iiii'u Gould, P.Z.S. 1846, p. 118 (Bolivia: in the elevated and dense forests at

Chimorfe, in the country of the Yuracares Indians).

ftlnnduapo, Upper Orinoco ; 6 ad. 21. ii. "01). (No. 12052 Cherrie coll.)

This s])ecimen has the bill black (with the exception of the yellow base and

cnlmen) with a large dark blood-red patch near the base of the upjier mandible.

This red lateral patch is as well marked as in any Bolivian and Peruvian specimens.

It is, perhaps, as a rule, more dark red iu Peruvian, lighter though less red in

Bolivian skins, but this may be due to the state of preservation.

338. Ramphastos haematorhynchus sji. nov.

R. 7?. cn/tlirorlnjncliu.i dicto maximc affinis et tectricibus supra-caudal ibns

eodem modo colorutis (vid. pure sulphureis, nee ut in R. cucicri aurantio-flavis !),

sed maxillae maiidibulae(iue lateribus obscure sanguineis, nee igneis vel anrantio-

rubris. Al. 227, 232 (pro usu), 243,caud. ca. 156, culm. 175— 11)5, tars. 55—58 mm.

//ai. In regione flumiuis (Jaura diet., affluentis fl. Orinoco diet.

La Pricion, Caura P. : 6 ? 10. ii. 1002 (E. Andre).

Nicare, Caura R. : cJ ? 18. i. lliol (E. Andre).

La Union, Caura R. : ?(f) 17. xii. 19U0 (E. Andre).

( KH) )

Snapnre, Canra 1{. : S'^ (sexeil ?) iD. x., ? ? 12, 20. x. I'.iiKi (Klajfcs).

" lri<ies chestnut ; bare skin ronnd eyes bine : broail ]iulo bhie buiul at base of

lower mandible, and broad 3-ellow band at base of upper mandible extending along

the top of the cnlmen to tip, rest of bill reddish brown : feet black."

Ti/pus : S 16. ii. 1901, La Pricion, Andre coll.

The series collected b\' Messrs. Andre' and Klages on the (."aura River leave no

doubt as to the constancy' of the ditference in the colour of the bill of this form,

which might be called a subspecies of R. eri/tlirorln/nclius * of Guiana.

While it agrees with the latter in the colour of the upper tail-coverts, which are

pure sulphur-yellow, not orange-yellow, its liill is very differently coloured, being of

a dark sanguineous red clouded with obscure black, instead of being of a clear lierv

or orange-red colour. Other ditt'erences are not apparent on the skins.

B. l/aematorhi/nchus forms an iuteresting transition between R. en/throrhjtwhus

of Guiana and R. cuvieri from the Amazons, or rather more with 7i'. cufieri i/ica

from Bolivia, etc.

339. Ramphastos osculans Gould (snbsp. ?).

Tl(imi)lutislox oscnJfiHs Gould, /'. Z. S. 1835 p. 1.5G. //nb. in Brasilia— we substitute Rio Negro.

Mnnduapo, Upper Orinoco : S ad. In. ii. 'O'.i. " Iris seal ; feet glaucous blue:

bill as sketch." (No. 11889 Cherrie coll.)

This specimen has the upjier tail-coverts scarlet, only orange at their lower

portion, just above the black base. Most of the specimens of 7?. osculans in the

British Museum have the upper tail-coverts orange, not scarlet, but there is some

variation in this respect.f The basal band of the bill is yellow in the skins in

the British Museum, but Gould figures it greenish. In the Mnnduapo bird the

upper portion is sulphur-yellow, the lower azure-blue (upper third yellow, somewhat

irregularly separated from the slaty basal portion in skiu). The chest of the

Mnnduapo bird is beautiful orange, the upper jiortion citron-yellow.

* Tlie proper name of the species now tailed 11. tvytliriirliijnchus should probably be i?. luramts

Linn., Sijst. I\'ai. Ed. X..p. 103. II. vwniUt Jliill, A'atuni/st., Suppl. p. SS, is also older than It. erijlhro-

r!iijncliiis (im. It is prohahly ba.sed on Daubcnton's plate, but tliis is not quite evident, and the colour of

the bill not even being mentioned we can safely reject that name.

t In one .idult specimen from "Ciuiana" the upper tail-coverts are pale orcnge-yellow, in one from

" Oyapok, Cayenne '' they are bright orange-yellow, in one from the " Rio Negro " of the same bright

orange-yellow with scarlet lips, in anotlier from the "Rio Negro" of a lighter orange-yellow. Tlie two

Rio Negro specimens (supposed by Dr. .Sclater to be immature) have ihe chest yellow, the other orange.

Tlie Munduapo specimen may belong to a new form, but more material should be studied before

naming it.

( 101 )

3411. Ramphastos vitellinus Liclit.

Rhamphastos vilrllinKH Licht., Doiibl. I'irz. (1823) p. 7 (' C'ayana " — descr. uon satis acciirata, sed

syn. Le Vaill. Ois. de Parad. tab. 7).

Snapnre : S S 25. ii., 6. iii. 'ii'.i; ? 2o. .\. 1900. " Iris brown ; feet Iij:lit blue-

green ; bill black witli basal mark of light bluish green " (H. Klages).

La Pricion, Caura : c? 18. ii. 1901. " Irides brown, snrroiincled by a white ring;

skin about eyes sky-blue ; bill black, with a blue mark at base bordered with a

narrow black band ; feet medium blue" (E. Andre).

341. Ramphastos culmiuatus Gould.

Rhamphnstos culmiuatus Gould, P. Z. .S. 18.53 p. 70 (typ. ex Mexico* — errore !).

Mnnduapo : tj ? 21. ii.; ? 21. ii. '99.

Nericagua : c? ? 28. iii. '99.

(Nos. 12949, 12050, 120.51, 12291, 12292 Cherrie coll.)

"Iris, inner ring seal, outer greenish grey; feet glaucous blue ; bare skin about

eye turquoise bine ; bill black, culmen and tip snlphnr-yellow, band at the base on

the sides of both mandibles aznre blue."

These specimens agree with others from Ynrimaguas, Ui)per Amazon. They

have the lower throat very strongly tinged with sulphur-yellow, bat not more so

than in some birds from Ynrimaguas and Bolivia, and the female from Munduapo

has only a faint yellow tinge.

342. Pteroglossus pluricinctus Gld.

Pteroglossus j)liiricini-tU!< Gould, P. Z. S. 1835 p. 157 (typ. ex Brasilia*).

Munduapo : ,? 21. ii.; ? ? II, 17, 21. ii. '99.

(Nos. 11909, 11987, 12047, 12048 Cherrie coll.)

"Iris straw-yellow; feet dusky oil-green; bare skin about eye paris green ;

bill, culmen and mandible black, sides of ma.xilla, basal half ochre-yellow, end half

yellowish white, tip of ma.xilla pinkisli vinaceous ; bare skin on sides of tarsi

plnmbeons."

343. Pteroglossus flavirostris Fras.

Phruglossusjtarii-nsfris Fras., /'. Z. S. 18i0 p. Gl (typ. in Mus. Derby, loc. ignota *).

Blunduapo : <J ad. 20. ii.; ? ? 7, 8. ii., <S juv. '■>. ii. '99.

Nericagua : d S 28. iii., 3. iv. '99.

" Bill pale primrose yellow, with small black patch near tip on cutting edge of

maxilla aud an elongated ochraceons patch along centre of cutting edge of mandible;

eye surrounded by slate-black, bounded by maroon purple ; feet sage-green ; bare

skin immediately surrounding eyes slate-black."

(Nos. 11875, 11ST7, 11878, 12010, 12293, 12377 Cherrie coll.)

La Pricion : S 2. ii. 1901 (E. Andrd).

344. Pteroglossus viridis (L.).

Ramphastos ch-idls Lin., Si/st. Nat. Ed. XII. (1700) I. p. 150 (ex Brissou— Cayenne).

Suapure : ? 27. x. 1900. " Iris red ; feet olive ; bill round nostrils aud bases

of both mandible coral red : upper third of maxilla golden yellow, ou each side of

this a narrow irregular black line, rest of maxilla deep red, serrations on cutting

edge white ; mandible lilack."

La Union : ? ? 17, lH. xii. IDOO (E. Andrt^).

' We .sub-stitute Rio Soliindes. Bia7.i].

( 102 )

345. Pteroglossus aracari atricoUis (P. L. 8. Miill.).

[Iiiiiiijiliii»los Ariicari Linn., Si/sl. Xal. Ed. X. (1758) p. 104 (ex Marcgr.— Brasil. or ! — Excl. synoni.

Edwards 64 qui = R. iiisdcorm speoim. decolorat).]

/f(/«/y)/,o.ste arWcwWs P. L. S. Mull., Natuy:<ijstem, .%y</. (1770) p. 83 (ex /'/. Kul ICG— "Brasif

errore *!).

Snapure : ? ad. 23. viii. 1890 "Iris liglit oianuc-rcd : IVot same coloiir as

primaries but a little ligliter ; mandiblo black ; maxilla ilull yellowish white, more

yellow uear the tip ; cnlmen black " (Klages coll.).

346. Bucco capensis L.

Biicro niiieiisis L., Si/hI. Xiit. Ed. XII. i. (I76lj) p. 108 (ex Brisson— Le Barbu, Orn. I. p. 92 = liab.

Guiana, sc. Cayenne ! Linnaeus gave erroneously " Cap. b. spei " as the habitat, and his

diagnosis is also very poorly rendered).

Mataben, R. Orinoco : ? (!. ii. "'.•'.!. " Iris ochraceons rufous ; feet gallstone-

yellow ; bill dusky brown along the cnlmen, passing into orange-ochraceous along

the cutting edge and on mandible ; eyelids orange-rufous."' (No. 1 1830 Cherrie coll.)

La Pricion : cJJ 31. i., 1. ii. lUUl (E. Andr^).

347. Bucco tectus Bodd.

Bucco tectus Bodd., Tabl. PI. Eul. p. 4H (1783) (ex PI. Enl. 088— Cayenne).

Snapure : (J ? 20, 29. x. IDiiii. " Iris brown ; feet and bill black" (Klages).

La Pricion : ? ? 1. ii. 19i)l. " Iris blackish ; feet and bill black."

348. Bucco macrodactylus (Spi.K).

Cijiihos maci-oihctylus Spix Ac. Bras. I. p. 51 (1S24) PI. XXXIX. {Hah. in silvis flum.

Amazonum. We substitute Fonteboa).

Maipures : c? 21. xii. '98. "Iris liver-brown; feet smoke-grey; bill black"

(No. ll.JTt) Cherrie coll.)

349. Bucco tamatia (Om.).

Bucco 7'a mat/a Gm., .%«/. Xal. 1 (1788) p. 4Uo (ex Buff.— Cayenne).

Maipures : ? ? 3U. i. ''.i9, 7. xii. '98. " Iris walnut brown; feet olive-iilumbeons ;

bill black."

(Xos. 113,s6, 11798 Cherrie coll.)

3.J9. Bucco bicinctus (Gould).

Tamatia bic/iifia (iould, P. Z. ti. 1830 p. 80 (" Cayenne ? "'— errore t).

Altagracia : $i 3, 0, 16, 10,29. xi., 6 (ter), 15, 17, 27. xii. '97, 14. i. '\)^ ; ? ? 4.

xi., 10, 29. xii. '97.

Cai(!ara : i 26. iii. '98.

"Iris ochraceons straw-yellow (yellowish dirty) ; feet plumbeous olive."

(Nos. S449, S45S, S5ii2, ,s(),54, ^743, nTTiI, '.iikIii, liiKil, 91)62, 9136, 9216, 9267,

9395, 9441, 9691, 10563 Cherrie coll.)

Ciudad Bolivar: ii 14. vi., 11. viii.: ? 9 28. v., 28. vii. '98 (Klages coll.).

• We correct Cayenne ! The lirazilian form, now generally called Ptcroglouus u-iidi Sturm, must be

considered to be the true It. Aracari of Linnaeus,

f We substitute Venezuela,

( 103 )

351. Monasa nigra (Mull.).

Ciiculiis nii/er P. L. S. Miill., Lliiii, Xfilursi/sl. Siij,/jI. (ITTiJ) p. 90 (ex Buif.— Cayenne)

Miiiiduapo : S 1. iii. ; ? ? 1, 3. iii., 3, 7 (bis), 10, !(!, 24. ii. ''.)!».

" Iris bay brown ; feet slate-grey ; bill poppy-red."

(Nos. 11169, 1117U, 11815, 11842, 11843, 11904, 119(J5, 12092, 12141, 12142,

12107, 12276 Cherrie eoU.)

Nericagua : ? 27. iii. '99.

Bichaco : c? ? 18. ix. '98.

Suapnre : c?t? 21. ii., 17. iii., ? ? 21. ii., Is, 2o. iii. '9!i.

La Pricion : (Jc? ? ? December, February (Audre).

La Uuion : ? 17. xii. 19Ui) (Audre).

352. Chelidoptera tenebrosa (Pall.).

Cuculus leiiebrosus Pallas, Neiie Nord. Beytr. III. (1782) p. 2 (ex Surinam).

Altagracia : c?c? 10 (bis), 12, 24. xii. ; ? ? 4. xii. '97, 20. i. '98.

Caicara : S S VZ (quater), 23. ii. ; ? ? 12, 24. ii., 3. iii., ? jav. 24. ii. '98.

■' Iris seal-browu ; feet slate-colour ; bill black.''

(Nos. 8600, 9025, 9143, 9144, 9302, 9752, 10042, 1UU43, 1(m.)44, 1oii4S, 10220,

10243, 10244, 10346, 10355 Cherrie coll.)

Ciudad Bolivar : ? 1. vii. '98 (Klages).

Suapure : SS 16, 24. ii., 13. iii. ; ? ? 18. i., 24. ii. '99 (Klages).

Nicare : 3 i H, 22. i. ; ? ? 18, 22. i. 1901 (Andre).

La Union : cj ? 18. xii. 1900 (Andre).

353. Galbula galbula (L.).

Alcedo Galhula Linn., Syst. Nat. Ed. XII, 1 (ITUO) p. 182 (ex Briss. & Edw.— ex Cuyeune— excl.

syn. Marcgr.).

Perico : 6 20. xi. '98, 7, 10 (bis), 13, 20. ii. '99.

Maipures : c? c? 6, 8, 20. (bis), 24, 27 (bis) xii. ; ? ? 7, 9, 20. xii. '98.

Mundnapo : c?c? 8, 9, 20. (bis) ii. ; ? ? 8 (bis), 10. ii. '99.

" Iris seal ; feet olive bnff (yellowish olive bnff') ; bill black."

(Nos. 11283, 11353, 11370, 11389, 11401, 11551, 11552, 115.53, 11554, 11597,

11022, 11023, 11844, 118.50, 11865, 11806, 11867, 11901, 11902, 11903, 11940,

12U23, 12024, 12025 Cherrie coll.)

Suapure : c?c? 22. vi., 27. x. '99 ; ? ¥ 22. iii., 12. x. 1900 (Klages).

La Pricion : 10 (?c? 7 ? ? Dec. 1900, Feb. 1901.

La Union : 2 c?c? 18, 21. xii. 1900.

Nicare : 3 ? ? 18. i. 1901 (Andre).

354. Galbula ruficauda t'uv.

Galbula nifieriiula Cuv., Rcr/ii. Aiiiiii. I. (1H17) p. 420 (ex LeVaill. Oif. Panul. II.Pl.L.) (La Guyane,

so. Cayenne).

Caicara : J 7. v. "'.)8.

Altagracia: 6 6 10, 15, 18. xi., 7, in, 15. (bis) xii. '97, 13, 19, 20, 24. i. '98,

? ? 15, 19. -xi., 4, 10, 15, 29. xii. '97.

"Eye dark seal-brown ; feet olive-yellow ; bill black ; claws black."

(Nos. 8029, 8030, 85.:)4, 8714, 8738, 9021, '.)140, U141, 9211, 9212, 9213, 9262,

9439, 9685, 9737, 9753, 9790, 10897 Cherrie coll.)

( H'4 )

3.i5. Galbula albirostris Lath.

(ialhiiUi iiUiirostriii Lath., [ml. Orii. I. p. 1'4.") (1700) (Amurica austral. — Wc substitutu Cayenne).

La Pricion, Cauia R. : 6 31. i. 1901.

La Union, ('aura R. : tJ 17. xii. 1900.

Nicare : ? 19. i. 1901. "Iris dark brown; iijiper mandible bliic.l;, yellow at

base, lower mandible all yellow ; feet and toes yellow ; claws blackisb " (Andrd).

356. Brachygalba lugubris (Swains.).

GalbuJii lugubris Swains., An. in Mitmij. p. 329 (1838) (British Guiana).

La Pricion : ? 4. ii. 1901 (Andr(?).

Xicare : ad. and juv. 18. i. 1901. " Iris blackish; bill and feet black " (Andre).

3.")T. Jacamerops aureus (P.L.S. Miill.).

Ahcdo (luria P.L.S. Mlill., .Xulur.'njxinii Sii/ipl. (177C) p. 94 (ex Vosmaer : Berbice, Biit. Guiana.

There is no doubt, from Vosmaer's dt-tailed description, that the bird calleil .fucaiiitiropx (innttlis

by Dr. .Sclater, is Vcsmaer's " Amerikaanscher langstaartiger Ys-vogel" of 1768, and conse-

quently MilUer's name given 1776 must precede Gmelin's grandig of 1788.)

Suapnre : S S l-">. iii. '90, ;ii.i. x. ]0U0. " Iris brown : feet dark yellowish grey;

bill black " (Klages).

3.58. Ceryle inda (L.).

Alrcdn inda Lin., Si/st. Nat. Ed. XII. 1 (17('>li) p. 179 (ex Edwards— India occ— crrore ! We

substitute Cayenne ex Baffon, Daubenton).

Mato Eiver : cJt? 28. ii., 0. iii. lOnii (Klages).

La Pricion : (?c? ? January, February, December (E. Andre).

"Iris brown ; mandibles black ; feet and toes medium brown" (Andr«5).

3.59. Ceryle superciliosa (L.).

Alcedn snpfn'ilioxn 'Lm.,Si/sl. Xal. Ed. XII, 1 (1760) p. 179 (America! ex Edwards, spec. cab. Duke

of Richmond. We substitute Surinam, as all the other birds from the Duke of Richmond's

cabinet, which Edwards figured, had come from .Surinam, rid Holland).

Altagracia : ? juv. 29. xi. '97.

Maipures : ? ad. 24. xii. '98.

Qniriliana de C'aicara : ? ad. 19. iv. '08.

?. "Iris seal-brown ; feet dusky ; bill blackish ; yellowish on the lower edge

of mandible."

(Nos. 8194, 10787, llOOl Cherrie coll.)

Mato River : S ad. 24. ii. 1900 (Klages).

La Pricion: o J c? Dec. 1900, Feb. 1901 (Andre).

(S. "Iris dark grey ; feet very pale yellowish grey; bill black, excejit central

part of base of mandible, which is pinkish white" (Klages).

3011. Ceryle torquata (L.).

Alccdn torquuld Lin., ■'>,;/■■>'. Sal. Ed. XII. 1 (17tJG) p. 180 (ex. Briss. — .l/fivVo & Martinique).*

Caicara : c^c? 14. iii. 29. x. ; ¥ ¥ 4. iii., 15. viii. '98.

Qniribana de Caicara : <?(? 26. iv., 21. ix. ; ¥ ? 2.5. iv. '98, 19. iv. '99.

' We accept Mexico as the typical Incality.

r in.i )

" Jris diirk seal ; bill lilack, slaty ,-it base below (of maiKliiilo), and lower distal

torner of maxilla ; feet dusky plumbeous blue (pluiubeous olive)."

(Nos. 10378, 10483, 10797, 10823, 10839, 11131, 11273, 12785 Cherrie coll.)

Suapure: t? 2. ii. 1900; ? 11. xi. '99 (Klages).

Mato Kiver : c? 11. iii. 1000 (Klages).

Temblador : c? 27. ix. 1900 (Klages).

Nicare : ? 20. i. 1901 (Andre).

361. Ceryle amazona (Lath.).

J/nrlii amiizona Latb., Imt. Oni. I. (17'J0) p. '-'57 (typ. ex Cayenne).

C!aicara : J c? ad. 21, 28. ii., 15. viii., 1, o. iii., iS juv. 4. iii., 21. ii.: ? ? ad.

12, 14, 28. ii., ¥ ? juv. 28. ii., 4. iii. '98.

'' Iris dark seal ; feet black ; bill black."

(Nos. 10049, 10070, 10192, 10193, li)307, l(l.3o8, 10309, I(i310, l(i322, 10374,

1037.5, 10381, 11130 Cherrie coll.)

Cindad Bolivar: $ 11. viii. '98.

Suapure: $i 28. vi., 27. vii., ? ? 27. iv., 1. vii. '99 (Klages).

Nicare: i 22. i. 1901.

La Pricion : S juv., ? 2, 18. ii. lonl (Audre).

362. Ceryle americana (Gm.).

Alcedo amerluana 6m., Syst. Xnt. 1 (1788) p. 4.'jl (e.x Bu£f.— Cayenne).

Capuchin : 21. viii. '98.

Caicara: c?c? ad. 28. ii., 4. iii., l.j. viii., 22. x. '98.

Perico : J 2o. ix. '98.

Qniribana de Caicara : ? I'.i. iv. '98.

" Iris dark seal ; feet dusky blackish ; bill black."

(Nos. 10304, 10376, 10786, 11129, 11140, 11228, 11255 Cherrie coll.)

Suapure : <? 2. viii. '99 (Klages).

Mato River : c?(? ? 22. ii. 1900 (Klages).

Ciudad Bolivar : ? 31. xii. '98 (Klages).

La Pricion :(?(?? Feb. 1901 (Andre).

Nicare : J ? ? Jan. 1901 (Andre).

363. Momotus momota (L.).

Riimpliastos momota Linn., Syst. Nat. Ed. XII. 1 (1766) p. 162 ex Edwards «S; Brisson (typ. ex

Cayenne fide Brisson excl. syn. Marcgr.).

Nericagua : 6 4. iv. '99.

" Iris vermilion ; feet dark smoke-grey ; bill black, smoke-grey at base of

mandible "(No. 12397).

Suapure: SS 27. ii., 22. iii., 19. ix. 'li'.) (Klages).

Nicare: 13, 15. xii. 1900.

La Pricion : t?(^ ? Jan. lOill (Andrei).

Tljese skins agree perfectly with specimens from Guiana.

( 106 )

363a. Momotus ignobilis (Berl.).

Momolus linisilieiisis iijnohilis Berl., ././. O. ISH'.i p. aii6 (Yurimaguas, Huallaga).

Matabpu, Rio Orinoco : " c? " (one immature bird witLi middle rectrices not

yet spatulated).

This s])cc'imeu agrees well with the specimens from the Upper Amazon and

E. Ecuador, but seems to differ sli.n'htly in having the underside, ujiper back and

sides of neck more sntfnsed with rusty. There is no chestnut patch on the

hindneck.

364. Trogon violaceus Gm.

TrogoH violaceus Gm., Si/st. Kat. 1 (1788) p. 404 {ex Koelreuter, Xm'. Act. Pelrop. II. p. 436

no. 7. tab. 16, f. 8).

Trogon merkUnnuUs Swains., Aiiini. in .VriiHi/, p. 33"2 (1837) ("Bahamas" errore!).

Mnudnapo : ? 23. ii. '99. " Iris seal ; feet slate-colonr ; bill above blackish,

mandible and cutting edge of maxilla slaty grey." (No. 1208i> Cherrie coll.)

La Priciou on the Caura R. : S ad. 14. .xii. 1900. " Irides brown, around the

eyes yellow ; feet black ; beak bluish white " (Andr^).

There is nothing in the diagnosis and descrijition of Gmelin that does not

agree with the birds now generally called Trogon meridionalis, exce])t the words

" superciliis flavis " : but it is apparent that these words are either merely an

erroneous reprodnction of Latham's words " eyelids yellow," or some misunder-

standing of Koelrenter's communication whicli we are unfortunately not able to

com2iare. Unless Koelreuter has given a precise locality, we substitute " Surinam "

for Trogon violaceus, as nearly all collections at that time used to come from

Surinam or Cayenne.

365. Trogon viridis L.

Trogon viridis Linn., Syst. Nat. Ed. XII. 1 (1766) p. 167 (ex Briss.— Cayenne).

Rio Catanapa : S ad. 26. xi. '98.

Altagracia : c? ? 4. ii. '98.

Maipures : SS 10, 17, is. xii., S juv. 26. xii. ; ? ? 21, 27. xii. '08.

Perico : S ad. 22. xi., ? juv. 20. xi., ? 23. ix. '98.

" Iris seal (greyish) ; feet dusky slate (slate-grey) ; bill white horn-colonr

(pale bluish or whitish horn-colour, pale pea-greenish, pale greenish horn-colonr) ;

eyelids blue-grey."

" ?. Bill, dusky horn-colour (blackish horn-colour").

" S juv. P.il], maxilla blackish at toj), mandible and base of maxilla

plumbeous."

(Nos. 10007, 10008, 11197, 11284, 11317, 11339, 114ii9, 114KS, 11493, 11508,

11614, 11628, Cherrie Coll.)

Suapure : SS 10. i. 11)00, 22. iv. ; ? ¥ 3. iii. 27. vii. "Oil (Klages).

La Priciou : S i \A, 16. xii. 1900.

La Union : S 2o. xii. 1900.

Nicare : c^ In. i. 19ol.

( 107 )

3(iU. Ara macao L.

Psiftucus iiiai-iio Linu., %s(. Xtit. Ed. X. (1758) p. 911 (ex Edw., etc., "Am. austral"* excl. sj-n.

Marcgr.).

(Jaicara : " c? ? " ad. 24. x. '',)8 (primaries moulting). (Nos. 11262, 11203.)

"Iris straw-3-ellow ; feet slate blackish ; bill above horny white, with tip slate

and basal angle black, mandible black ; bare skin on head a dead flesh-white."

Kicare : cJ ¥ 1«. i. lUUl (Andre).

367. Ara severa (L.).

Ps/tUicus seuerus Linn., Suit. Xaf. Ed. X. (1758) p. 97 (" in Indiis '' t).

Caicara : c? 12. iii. '98.

Quiribaua de Caicara: S 14. iv.; ? 19. iv. "98.

(Nos. 10473, 10723, 1U788.)

"Iris chrome yellow; feet blackish slate; bill black; bare skin about eye

chalk-white."

Suapure: c?, cJ ?, ¥ 28. xi., 10. vi. '99, 11. iv. 1900 (H. Klages).

Nicare : c? 20. i. 1901 (Andre).

368. Ara hahni (.Souance).

Puitlacnm Iialmi Souance, Eer. el iluij. de Zonl. 1856 p. 58 (Colombie).

Suapure : ¥ 7. i. '99. " Iris dark reddish orange ; feet very dark grey ; bill

black ; bare skin of face white " (Klages).

309. Conurus haemorrhous (Spix).

Antlhirja haemorrhous Spix, Av. Brits. I. p. i9, t. xiii. (1824) {hahihil in Campo Alegre Bahiae).

Quiribana de Caicara: S S W, 19, 23, 20. (bis) iv. '98. "Maxilla vinaceous

cinnamon, slaty at extreme tip, mandible slate ; iris and eyelid orange ; feet butF

yellow, or : mandible whitish horn-colour, slaty at tip, or : bill vinaceous cinnamon

above, ex(Teme tip and mandible blackish slate ; bare skin about eye white."

(Nos. 10702, 10793, 10809, 10810, 10838 Cherrie coll.)

Ciudad Bolivar: S 14. vii., c? ? 23. vii. '98 (S. M. Klages). "Bill light

bone-yellow, with dark grey tip and clouded with grey on the edge of mandible."

These skins agree well with C. haemorrhous. Home specimens have the

mandible slaty, but so have others from other localities, though not regularly

and not so dark as in C. acuticaudatiis. The wings of our specimens measure :

170, 177, 179, 180, 185, 187 mm.

370. Conurus aeruginosus (L.).

PsiUaeus aeniijhiosKs Liun., Sijst. Xal. Ed. X. (1758) p. 98 (ex Edw.—" West ludie.s " errore J).

Altagracia: S <S ad. 6, 6. xi., 13, 14, 20, 21. xii, '97, 11. i. '98 ; ? ? 6. xi.,

14. (bis), 20, 21. xii. '97, 11, 24, 2.5. i. '98.

* We supplement S. Mexico as tlie typical habitat,

t We substitute Surinam as the typical habitat.

J We substitute rumana in Venezuela.

( 108 )

Caicara : c? 17. iii. ''.I8.

Maipures : <S ? 2'J. xii. '98.

" Iris straw-yellow ; feet slaty grey ; bill givy (dusky liorn-colonr ").

(Nos. 8480, 8503, 8504, 1)1:8, 0190, 9101, oios, 0104, 010.5, 9208, 9290, 9333,

9334, 0G33, 0(!34, 0635, 0792, 9814, 9888, 10505, 1104s, li(i40, 11050 (.'herrie coll.)

Cindad Bolivar : (Jc? 13, 23. vii. '98.

Snajmre : ? ? 11, 12. ii. '99 (Klages).

The specimens from Ciiidad Bolivar, as well as those from Snapnre, have

mostly more yellow about the eyes than those from Alfagracia, Maipures, and

Caicara, and the ear-coverts are mostly somewhat more uniform. The Orinoco

specimens collected by Cherrie have partly rather light ear-coverts, ajiproaching

those of C. aeruginosus arubensis Hart.

371. Pyrrhura picta (P. L. S. Mall.).

Psiltuciis i>ictus p. L. S. Mull., Xatia-ii/sl. Sujijil. p. 75 (.1776) (ex PI. Knl. 144— Cayenne).

Suapnre : ? 18. v. '09. '■' Iris brown ; feet dark grey ; bill grey."

La Pricion: 4 c? c? Dec. 1900, Feb. 19i)l. " Irides chestnut: bill and feet

deep brown, nearly black. Native name : Kiriko " (E. Andrei).

372. Psittacula sclateri Gray.

PsillaciilK Hclfiltri G. R. Gray, List Spec. Br'il. Mus. Psitlacidac (1859) p. 86 (Rio Javarri).

La Union on the Canra River: c? 20. xii. lOiKi. "Irides brown; beak

blackish ; feet brown " (E. Andre).

373. Psittacula guianensis (Sws.).

Agapornis Guianensis Sws., Aiiini. in .]fi>iiig. (1838) p. 320 (Demerara).

Altagracia: c?J ad. 21, 27, 28. xii. '07, 3, 4, 14. (bis) i., S juv. 14. i. '08;

? ? 13, 18, 20, 21, 27. xii. '97, 13. ii. '98.

Caicara : S ad. 20. iii. '08.

Quiribana de Caicara : ? ? 7, 14. iv. 'OS.

"Iris dark raw umber (vandyke) ; feet whitish (dirty whitish) ; bill whitisli

(flesh whitish, lilac-grey)."

(Nos. 917(1, 0277, 9300, 0327, 0328, 0406, 9408, 0422, 9492, 0693, 9694, 9007,

9738, 0975, 10558, 10646, 10727 Cherrie coll.)

Cindad Bolivar : ? ? 14. vi., 8. xii. '98 (Klages).

These specimens agree with others from Pto. Cabello in Mns. H. v. B., and a

large series from Cniuana in Mns. Tring. The males have the inner nndcr wing-

coverts of a dark cobalt-l)lne, tlie small outer under wing-coverts and the anterior

u]i]ier wing-coverts tinged with azure-blue, also some of the posterior upper coverts

of the jirimaries tinged witli cobalt-blue. The uropygium is bright green witliout

bbiisli suffusion.

A coni])aris()n with specimens from Demerara* is necessary. Should there lie

any difference l)etween Demerara birds and (liose inhabiting Venezuela, the latter

ought to bear the name Ps. cirirlissima Lafr. {Ri'.e. Zool. 1848 p. 172, ex Caracas).

* II" the hirri occurs at all at Iieiiieiaral No specimens from (liiiana .seem to exist in any museum.

( 109 )

374. Brotogerys devillei Salvad.

Bviihigerys devillei "Gray" Salvad., Uit. Biril.i liril. Mus. XX. (1891) p. 259 (typ. ex K. Amazon—

■ Bates).

Conurus jugtilaris DeT., nee Psillacu!> jugularis Miill.

Maipnres : (?<? 18. xii. '98, 23. i.; ? ? 23. i. '99, 18. xii. '98.

Nericagna : S S 2%, 30. iii., 3. iv. ; ? ? 28, 30. iii., 3. iv. (bis) '99.

" Iris dark seal ; feet dirty whitisli (whitish flesh-colonr) ; bill, pale liorn-

eolour (shaded with vinaeeous — pale viuaceous cinnamon, whitish horn-colour

towards base."

(Nos. 11516, 11517, 1171'), 11717, 12288, 12289, 12309, 12310, 12311, 12383,

12384, 12385 Cherrie coll.)

375. Amazona inornata (Salvad.).

Uirymlis iiiormita Salvad., Cat. Bii-ils Biil. Miis. XX. (1891) pp. 263, 281 (typ. ex Veragua).

Mnnduapo : 3 S 2, 13. iii.; ? ad. 13. iii. '99.

" Iris orange yellow ; feet plumbeous pea-green ; bill dusky slate along ridge

of culmen and apical one-half; a dusky wax-yellow s])ot at basal cutting edge,

below dusky yellowish grey ; bare skin about eye pale greyish wliite ; skin about

nostrils black."

(Nos. 12208, 12209, and one without number, (,!herrie coll.)

Nicare : ? ? 18, 20. i. 1901 (E. Andrd).

One of the Nicare specimens has a large yellow patch on the crown, like

A. furinosa, but as it is somewhat larger and more greyish on the wings, it is

here recorded also us A. inornata. A. farinosa and A. inornata are very closely

allied, and should probably only be separated as subspecies.

370. Amazona ochrocepbala (Gm.).

Puittucus oclirocephalus Gm., N'/.v/. Nttt. i. 1 (1788) p. .S39 "Am. austral." (ex Briss, Ps. amaz.

bras.*).

Altagracia: 3S ad. 23. xi., 17, 20. xiL '97, 29. i. '98 ; ? ? 17. (bis), 20, 24.

xii. '97.

(.'aicara : SS ad. 16. iii., 30. vi.; ? ? 2, 16. iii., 30. vi. '98.

Qniribana de Caicara : 6 4. iv. ; ? 16. iii. '98.

" Iris orange-chrome with inner ring dark olive (with inner ring olive-lmff) ;

feet dusky slate ; bill blackish."

(Nos" 8792, 9273, 9274, 9278, 9292, 9293, 9360, 9894, 10351, 10497, 10498,

10499, 10597, 11021, 11022 Cherrie coll.)

I

377. Amazona bodini (Fiusch).

Chrijsotis bnrlini Finsch, P.Z.S. 1873 p. 569 PI. XLIX. (loc. iguot.t).

Altagracia : cJc? 27. xi., 16. xii. '97, 4, 5. ii. '98 ; ? ? 22. xi., 10, 21. xii. '97.

Caicara : tJd" 15, 16, 18. (bis) ii., 1, 15, 21. iii.; ? ? 15, 16, 18. ii. '98.

'■Iris orange-chrome ; feet slate; bill dusky."

* The habitat tjiven by Biisson as "Amazoiics et Br^sil" is apparently erroneous. We substitute

Venezuela.

f Wc substitute AJi'ldle Orinoco.

( 11" )

(Nos. 87T0, 8908, 9240, 9241, 933r), KiOnG, l(i020, liMiTS, loOTo, 10117, liillS,

10153, 10154, 10155, ln333, 10405, ln5:!l) ('lioi-rie coll.)

We have now before us a s])len(lid series of this rare species, the habitat of

which was somewhat nucertaiii till now.

378. Amazona amazouica (L.).

PsiUacus amazoiiiriis Lin., Si/sl. Xiil. Ed. XII. (ITGC) I. p. 147 (liah. : Surinam •).

Qniribana de Caicara : <? ad. "J-^. W. 'OS. " Iris orange : feet dusky plumbeous

olive; bill, maxilla blackisli, mandible yellowish lidrn-colonr." (No. lusOs C'hcrrie

coll.)

370. Pionus fuscus fP. T.. S. Miill.).

Ps/ttactis /uncus P. L. S. JIull., A'alur>^i/sl. Siiji/il. ]i. 7^! (1771'.) (ox Buflfon and Edwards, Imh.

Cayenne).

Mountains west of Suapure : rj ad. 1. v. limn. "Iris brown; feet dull

vellowisli grey ; bill black with lighter and darker yellow marks" (S. M. Klages).

38n. Pionus menstruus (L.).

Psillacus memtruHS Linn,, Si/st. Xcl. Ed. XII. 1 (1760) p. 148 (ex Edw. — loc. ignot. et Bris.a. —

Guiana .sc. Cayenne).

Muuduapo : 6 20. iii. ; ? 13. iii. '09, taken witli three nearly grown young.

Eio C'atanapa : ? 26. xi. '08.

(Nos. 11342, 12156 Cherrie coll.)

"Iris seal ; feet dusky olive-greyish ; bill above blaekisli with a reddish spot

near basal cutting edge, below dusky horn-colour; bare skin about eye liluish

slate-colour."

Suapure : c? ad. 7. iv. 1000 (Klages).

Nicare : ? ? lis. i. lOiil (E. Andre).

381. Pionites melanocephala (L.).

Psittaeua mdunncrphiilus Linn., SijxI. Nut. Ed. XII. I ( I7ril'i) p. I4lt (ex Bris.a. — "Mexico," errore) ;

sc. Edw. PI. 100 (ex " Carraccos " t ).

Nericagua: S6 2!). iii. ■'.I'.i (bis).

Munduaiio : S T. ii. '0'.).

"Iris orange ; feet dusky blackisli shite ; bill black."

(Nos. 11844, 122'.i5, 12200 Cherrie coll.)

Suapure : S \. iii. '00 (H. Klages).

Nicare: ? 18. i. 10<il (Andr($).

382. Gypopsitta vulturinus fKnhl).

PuiltucuK vultni-iiiua Kuhl. Cniixi,. I'sill. p. 62 (1820) (//-/i. " Brasilia" Mus. Burol., etc.).

Suapure : ? 7. iv. lOOll (S. M. Klages).

La I'ricion : ad. 13. xii. IO1.1O (E. Audre).

* Linnaeus says; "Habitat in Suiinamo," but ho ciuoie-i Bris.'ion, who eavs "On le trouve dans Ic

paTS des Amazones et au Brt-sil. Du cabinet de M. de Iluauraui," then Krisch, who gives a gocd lig\irc

but no locality, and Marcgr. who gives " Brasil or."

f \Vf take Caracas, Vuntzuehi, as the typical habitat.

( 111 )

These specimens agree fnll_y with otliers from British Gniana (Rio Takntn and

Rio Essequibo) in the Triug Museum, while one from Bemavides, near Para, has

the forehead mnch darker. Comparison of a series would be desirable.

383. Cathartes burrovianus Cass.

Ciitlmries hurrnruimis Cass., Proc. Acad. Philad. II. (184.5) p. 212 (Vera Cruz, Mexico! errore ?).

[Cf. Biol. Cent,: Am. III. (1901) p. l.SB.]

Caicara : S juv. 14. iii. ; ? ? ad. 7. iii., T. viii. '98.

(Nos. 10407, 10486, 11000 Cherrie coll.)

. Head op C.\thaetes Bubeoviakus.

384. Polyborus cheriway (Jacq.).

F(ih:o cheriwaij Jacq., Beilr. (1784) p. 17 tab. 4 (" Andiu an der Kiiste von Venezuela").

Caicara: SS ad. 8. iii., ? 4. vii., SS (juv.) 17, 18. iii.; " ? " ad. 28. ii. '98.

Altagracia: ? 31. i. '98.

c? juv. " Iris cinnamon ; feet whitish ; bill jilnmbeous, whitish at tip ; bare

skin about face pinkish white."

¥ ad. " Iris cinnamon ; feet chitine yellow; bill plumbeous; bare skin about

eye chrome yellow."

(Nos. 9919, 10311, 10411, 10512, 10524, 11047 Cherrie coll.)

385. Ibycter ater (Vieill.).

Diqiti-ius (Iter, Vieill., Auabjse pp. 22, lis (1810) ("Bresil" — but it is more likely that Vieillot's

bird came from Cayenne, and the latter locality may therefore be taken as the typical

habitat).

Temblador : S ad., ? juv. 29. i.\. 1900 (Klages). " Iris brown ; feet light

yellow-orange ; bill, ? juv., front of ina.\illa and base of mandible yellciw-orange^

rest black ; 6 ad., bill black with a yellow patch on the mandible ; naked skin of

face flesh-red, throat lemon-yellow."

Nicare : ? 18. i. 1901 (E, Andre).

( 112)

386. Ibycter americanus (Bodd.)

Falco ameriramis Bodd., Tabl. Pi Eiil. p. iii (1783) (ex PI. Eiil. 417 : ex Cayenne, BufiFonV text).

Perico : ad. 22. xi. 'li8. " Iri.s carmine; feet veniiilinn ; liill straw-yellow;

liare skin around eye.s and throat venuilion ; cere and bare loral region jihimbeous."

(No li;(12 Cberriecoll.)

IJajiids of Piritn, Caura : ? 23. xii. liiiMi (E. Andr<^).

387. Milvago cMmachima (Vieill.).

Piihjiinrus chimueliinui Vieill., Nuuv. I>i-i. V. (l.SIG) p. 259 (ex Azara — Paraguay).

Altagracia : c?(? ad. 22, 23. xi. 'iiT ; " ? " 27..i. 'ft8.

Caicara: 6S ad. 1, 18. iii., " (JJ " juv. 8. iii. (bis) ; ? ? ad. is. iii., 22. x.,

? jnv. 28. ii. ; S ad. 5. iv., S juv. 15. iv. '08.

Qniribana de ( 'aicara : ? ? ad. .5, 9. iv. '08.

Ciudad Bolivar : ad. 20. xii. 'Os (Klages).

" Iris clay-colour (dark muminy brown) cere orange ; feet pea-green (dusky) ;

bill, very pale blue (jiea green), black olive slate at base : bare skiu about eye

deep chrome (light chrome, lemon), fading into lemon-yellow on cere, blanching

into sul]ihur-yellow at base of maxilla luid mandii>le."' " Croji fnll of ticks"

(Cherrie).

(Nos. 8771, 8810, 9862, 10312, 10320, lii40S, 104(iO, li).-il4. ]0.->l.-., liKil'.i,

10620, 10675, 10743, 112-56 Cherrie coll.)

388. Cooperastur bicolor (Vieill.)

SjMrriux bicolor Vieill., Xouc. Diet. X. (1817) p. 32.') juv. (typ. ex Cayenne).

Altagracia : S jnv. 2. ii. '98.

Quiribana de Caicara : 6 juv. 3. iv. '98.

Caicara: S3 (ad.) 2, 11. viii. ; ? juv. U). xi. '98.

S ad.: " Iris orange ; feet yellowish olive-yellow; bill black, slate at base of

mandible ; bare skin immediately surnmnding eye chrome yellow ; cere, lores and

remaining bare skin on sides of face greenish snlphur-yellow.'"

? juv. : " Iris straw-yellow : feet like i ad. ; bill like S ad., cere olive-yellow ;

bare skin surrounding the eye chrome yellow."

(Nos. 111506, 11066, 11110, 11276 Cherrie coll.)

389. Rupornis magnirostris (Gm.).

Fitlco marjnirostris Gm., Sijsl. Xal. i. 1 (1788) p. 282 (ex Buff.— Cayenne).

Altagracia : cJc? ad. 2. xii. '07, 5. ii. '98, "?" ad. 24. .\i. '07.

Caicara : c?tJ 1, 2, 3, 12. iii., 8. viii. ; ? ? 17. ii., 3, 7, 12. iii., ad. 15. iii. "08.

" Iris deep ch.rome (lemon-yellow) ; bare skin about eye citron-yellow ; cere

orange (chrome yellow) : feet deep chrome (lemon) yellow : bill black (blackish),

olive, slate at base."

(Nos. 8837, 8001, 10025, 1013:5, 10330, 10331, 10350, 10360, 10370, 10471,

10472, 10492, 1054U, llu93 Cherrie coll.)

Suapnre : <? ad. 27. iii. '99 (Klages).

La Pricion : ? 4. ii. 1001 (Andrti).

( 11? )

390. Urubitinga urubitinga (Gm.).

Faico Urubitinga Gm., Si/st. Nat. I. 1 (1788) p. -iC.j (ex Briss ; ex Marcgr.— Brasil, sc. Bras. or.).

Qniribana de Caicara : <?c? (ail.) 8, 14. iv., S juv. 20. iv. '98.

Caicara : tj 27. vi. : ? ? ad. 24. x., 25. vi. '98.

(? (no. 10660) : " Iris seal-brown ; feet chrome yellow ; bill black, slaty at

base ; cere and along edges of gape chrome yellow ; lores and bare skin about eye

snlphnr-yellow."

(Nos. 106.=)0, 10722, 10840, 10907, 10976, 11265 Cherrie coll.)

La Pricion : c? ad. 21. xii. lOua ; ? 12. ii. 1901.

Nicare : cJ ? juv. 18. i. 1901 (Andr6).

391. Heterospizias meridionalis (Lath.).

Fiiico meridiimalts Lath., Iiul. Oni. I. (1790) p. 36* (typ. ex Cayenne).

Altagracia : ? ? ad. 4, 15. i. '97.

f'aicara : ? ? ad. 7. 25. vi., lo. viii.; ? ? 11, 13. viii., ad. 2. vii. '98.

Qniribana de Caicara : S 3 25, 30. iv., ? 28. iv. '98.

"Stomach full of caterpillars " (c? ad. no. 10812).

" Iris golden brown ; feet chrome yellow ; bill blackish (blackish slate) at

base ; cere chrome."

(Nos. 9516, 9730, 108.59, 10889, 10939, 10968, 11038, llllii, 11114, 11125

Cherrie coll.)

392. Busarellus nigricollis (Lath.).

Falco nigricoUis Lath., Ind. Orn. I. (1790) p. .^5 (t)p. ex Cayenne).'

Qniribana de Caicara : i ad. 2, 29. iv., S juv. 4. iv.; "S ?" ad. 13, 15. iv., juv.

27. iv. '98.

Caicara : S 10. viii. '98.

" Iris seal ; feet greyish white (bluish white) : bill black (blackish, slate at

base, along edge of gape plumbeous) ; cei'e black (blackish slate)."

(Nos. 10582, 10599, 107(17, 10742, 10850, 10809, 11111 Cherrie coll.)

393. Asturina nitida (Lath.).

Fuko nllhhis Lath., Iml Orn. I. p. 41 (1790) (l^iiyana).

Suapure : <J ad. 3. iv. '99 ; ? ad. 5. x. 1900, ? juv. 19. ix. '99.

"cJ ad. : Feet light yellow-orange ; bill blackish, base yellowish " (Klages).

394. Micrastur semitorquatus (Vieill.).

SparriuH semitorquatus, \ieill., Noiiv. Diet. cVIIist. Nat. X. (1817) p. 322 (ex Azara : Paraguay.

The name semitorquutus should be accepted, as it is published on p. 322, mclanolcucus on p. 327).

Caicara : S ad. 29. vi., ? jnn. 5. vii. '98.

" S ad. : Iris seal ; feet deep chrome yellow marked witli olive ; bill black,

base of mandible yellowish oil-green ; cere and skin round eye oil-green. ? jun.

ditto."

(Nos. IK HO, 11057 Cherrie coll.)

* Latham's description is by no racans clear.

( 114 )

395. Accipitur tinus (Latli.).

Faleo tinus Lath., liul Orn. I. (1790) p. 50 (Cayana— Mus. Lever).

La Priciou : 5 jnv. 31. i. 19Ul. " Irides orange-red ; bill black ; cere yellow ;

feet and toes orange " (E. Andre).

396. Geranospizias caerulescens (Vieill.).

Siiai-riua ctttrulesccns Vieill., Noiir. Dkl. i!'lli~l. .Xat. X. (1817) p. :518 (" Ami'Tique mi'ridionale."

We take Cayenne as the typical habitat).

Altagracia : S (.jnv.) 1."). xi. '97. "Iris chocolate with light outer ring: feet

bright cadmium orange : bill black ; cere black ; claws black." The under tiiil-

coverts of this specimen are ]iale ochraceons, the abdomen without cross-bars and

suffused witli jiale ochraceons, the feathers being pale bluish slate with ochraceons

borders.

Capnchin : ? (ad.) 21. viii. '98. "Iris carmine ; feet scarlet vermilion : bill

black, plumbeous at base of mandible ; cere black." The under tail-coverts and

abdomen are light bluish-slate with narrow white cross-bars ; breast uniform light

blnish slate.

.397. Spizaetus ornatus (Daud.).

Falcn ornatus Daud., Tmite d'Oni. II. (1800) p. 77 (ex. Levaillaut : Cayenne).

(The description of Mandnit's Grand Aufoiir r/i' Ca//e/ine and F/ili-o mamhiiti

Daud. t. c. p. 73 is so ine.xact and uncertain that it is advisable to accejit ornntus.)

Nericagua : S ad. 7. Iv. '99. " Iris chrome yellow ; feet bright canary-yellow ;

bill black, slate-grey at base of mandible ; lores blnish green" (no. 12458 Cherrie

coll.).

398. Leptodon cayennensis (Gm.).

Ftilco cai/nmensis Gm., Syst. Nat. I. (1788) p. :.'G:5 [e.\ Latham (coll. Miss Blomefield) & Buffon :

Cayenne].

( 'aicara : ? 23. ii. '98. " Iris gallstone-yellow ; feet deep chrome : bill black ;

cere deep chrome " (no. Hi227 Cherrie coll.).

39'.). Gampsonyx swainsoni Vig.

Gampsonyx Swainxoni Vig., Zmil. Journ. II. (182&) p. 69 (typ. ex Bahia, tableland).

Altagracia : c? 4. i. '98.

Caicara : (?<? 28 (quater), 29. vi.; ? ad. 2. iii. '98.

Quiribana de Caicara : "J" ad. 14. iv. '98.

" Iris chestnut ; feet chrome yellow : bill black ; cere lemon-yellow."

(Nos. 9515, 10349, 10735, 10995, 10990, 10997, 10998, 11014 Cherrie coll.)

(Jiudad Bolivar : c? 25. vi. '98 (Klages).

Suapure : ? 8. viii. '99 (Klages).

400. Tinnunculus sparverius isabellinus (Sws.).

[Falco xpanmus Linn., .S>(. Xul. Ed. X. (1758) p. 90 (ex Catesby— Virginia, Carolina).]

Falcn imheUinuH Sws., Anim. hi Mmuig. (1838) p. '281 (typ. ex Demerara).

Altagracia : d'cJ ad. 10, 23. xi. '97.

Caicara : "t?" ad. 22. x.: ? ? 8. viii., 3. iii., 22. .\. '98.

( 115 )

Quiribana de Caicara : "c?c?" (ad.) 5, 30. iv. '08.

Rio Catafiapa : ? ? ad. 25. (bis) xi. '98.

Puerto Samoro : c? ad. 23. xi. 'iis.

Perico : 21. ix. '98 (qo nnmber).

" Iris seal-browu ; feet orange-yellow ; bill black at tip, plumbeous at base ;

cere orange ; claws black ; bare skin about eye chrome yellow."

(Nos. 8.563, 8808, 10371, 10018, 10890, 11092, 11253, H2.-)4, 11326, 11335,

11336 (Jherrie coll.)

tJiudad Bolivar : ? 30. vi. '98 (Klages).

401. Hypotriorchis fuscocaerulescens (Vieill.).

Fakofusm-cnendesceuK Vieill., Nouv. Diet. XI. (1817) p. !1(1 (ex Azara— Paraguay).

Altagracia : ? ad. 8. xii. '97.

Caicara: <$ S ad. 23, 28. x. ; ? ? 18. ii., 4. vii. '98 (bis).

dindad Bolivar : S 27. xii. '98 (Klages).

S : " Eye Vandyke brown (bright seal-browu) ; feet chrome yellow ; bare skin

about eye and cere chrome yellow ; bill sulphur-yellow at base ; dusky slate at tip

(blackish at tip changing through slate to greenish gray at base) " (Cherrie).

? : " Iris dark seal ; feet uaples yellow ; bill whitish horn-colour at base, slate

at tip ; bare skin about eye and cere naples yellow."

" Parts of several small fish in stomach " (Cherrie).

(Nos. 9085, 10156, 11048, ll04'.i, 11200, 11271.)

402. Hypotriorchis rufigularis (Daud.).

Falco riifigularis* Dand. Tivite d'Oni. ii. (1800) p. 131 (ex Lath.— ex Cayenne).

Rio Catafiapa : c? ? ad. 26. xi. '98.

Puerto Samora, R. Orinoco : S ? ad. 23. xi. '98.

" Iris seal-brown ; feet orange ; bill, maxilla lilaek, mandible slate, cere olive

yellow ; bare skin about eye lemon-yellow,"

(Nos. 11324, 11325, 11344, 11345 Cherrie coll.)

Suapure : 3 22. vi. '99 : ? 12. x. 19i)0 (S. M. Klages).

403. Hypotriorchis columbarius (L.).

Falco eolumhariiis Lin., Sfi^t. Nut. Ed. X. i. (1758) p. 90 (" America" descr. av. juv. ex Catesby !

We therefore take Carolina as the typical habitat).

Altagracia: ? jun. 29. i. '98.

(Jaicara : S ad. (moulting) 26. iii. '98. " Iris .seal ; feet deep chrome yellow ;

bill blackish slate with slate-grey liase, cere citron-yellow. In stomach parts of

an Atticora."

(Nos. 9906, 10570 Cherrie coll.)

404. Pandion haliaetus carolinensis (Gm.).

FaJco haliaelus Linn. Si/st. Nat. Ed. X. (17u8) p. VH (" Euiopa " — we take .Sweden — ex Linn. — as

the typical hab.)

Falco caroliiuiisis Gm., Syst. Nat. i. (1788) p. 263 (ex Catesby — loc. incert. We take Carolina as

typical habitat.)

Caicara : c? ad. lO. iii. 98. " Iris chrome yellow ; feet bluish pearl-grey ; bill

black, plumbeous at base of mandible ; cere slate-colour" (no. 10447 Cherrie coll.).

* Although the Falco alhigularU stands first in Daudin's work, it seems best to accept the name

rufit/nlans, as the description of the latter is much better and clearer.

( 116 )

4uo. Speotyto cunicularia brachyptera (Richm.*)

[Speolylo cunicularia Molina, Saggio, Slot: Nat. del Chili p. 263 (1782) (Chile).]

Sj>eotyti> hrarhypUru Richm., Proc. U.S. Xal. Mus. xviii. (189(i) p. GG3 (Margarita Island, off

Venezuela.)

Altagr.acia : c? ? 13, 30 Nov. 1897. " Iris lemon-yellow ; feet dusk}- olive : bill

olive-yellow." (Nos. 8621, 8949 Cherrie coll.)

These two specimens agree perfectly with one of tlie cotypes (no. 367) collected

on Margarita by Lt. W. Robinson. Specimens from British fJniana, collected by

H. Whitely, also belong to the same form.

406. Pisorhina choliba (Vieill.) (Psnbsp.).

Strixcholihii Vieill., Xouv. Did. U,sl. Sat. vii. (1817) p. 39 (ex Azara— Paraguay.) t

Qniribana de Caicara : S 3. iv. ; ? 6. iv. '08. " Iris lemon yellow ; feet dusky

lirownish ; bill greyish horn-colonr."

Perico : ? 24. ix. '08.

(Nos. 91218, 10636, one without number, Cherrie coll.)

Ciudad Bolivar: ? 5. xii. '98 (Klages coll.)

A larger series from the Orinoco might show that they are separable as a

new subspecies. The Orinoco specimens are apparently paler in coloration, and

resemble somewhat P. choliba decussata (Licht.) from Bahia, but there is generally

more of a rnfescent mixture above and below, and they are larger, c? al. 163,

cand. 87, culm. 16, tars. 32 ; ? al. 17(1, cand. 98, cnlm. 17^, tars. 33 mm.

4UT. Glaucidium brasilianum phalaenoides (Daud.).

[Slrix brasiliami Gm., Syst. Nat. I. (1788) p. 298 (ex JIarcgr. Brasil. or.).]

Sirix p/mlaenoides Daud'., Traiti d'Orii. ii. p. 206 (1800) (Trinidad).

Perico : <? 21. ix. 98. " Iris lemon-yellow; feet olive-buff; bill horny pea-green."

This bird agrees very well with sjieeimeus from British (Jiiiana and Northern

Venezuela, and is apparently not separable from Trinidad skins. If we admit

(cf. Salvin, Biol. Cmtr. Amer. iii. p. 34) that the birds from Trinidad and the

mainland of South America are the same, the name phalai'iioide.i, being the earliest,

must be accepted. The crown of our Perico skin appears to be somewhat uniform,

l)ut this is apparently due to its damaged condition.

408. Columba speciosa Gm.

Cnlumha ispeciom Gm., Sijsl. Nat. (1788) p. 783 (ex Buff.— Cayenne).

Maipures : S6 10, 20, 24 (bis), 27. xii., '98, 28. i. '9!i ; ? 10. xii. '98.

" Iris Indian purple ; feet heliotrope (bright heliotrope) purple ; bill poppy-red ;

distal ^ pearl-white ; eyelids burnt carmine."

(Nos. 11420, 11471, 11555, 11605, 11606, 11629, 11791 Cherrie coll.)

Suapure : ? 26. x. 1900 (H. Klages).

* We have accepted this name provisionally, but it is necessary to compare specimens from Brazil.

If they agree with the birds frum Venezuela, Guiana, and Margarit.i, then the name tS. cunicularia

(jrallaria (Temm.) \_Strix grallaria Temmiuck, PI. Ool. U6 (I'o Aug. 1822), and Spix Ai\ Bras. i. p. 21

(1824)] must be accepted. Both these authors quote very small mca^iurements. Richmond never referred

to ijraltaria when describing (as a species !) his Speotyto bracliypttra.

t The name " brasiUamia," generally used for this species, cannot be employed tor it. C'f. Bcrl. Hull.

JI.O.C. xii. (Oct. lilOl) p. 8.

( 117 )

409. Columba purpureotincta Ridgw.

? Colnmha vhtacea Temm. & Knip (nee Gm.) (ex Cayenne).

Cohm.ba purjmreotincta Ridg\y., Pr. U.S. A'o(. Mus. (1887) p. 594 (ex Demerara).

Coliimha pUimbea partim (nee Vieill.) Salvad., Gil. Birth Brit. Mus. XXI. p. 323 ff.

C. capite supra, collo et corpore subtns laete griseo-vinaceis, nucha nitore

amethystina violaceo resplendente, dorso alis caudaque fascis, dorso siipeviore

iiropygio et cauda snpra pins minnsve violaceo-vinaceo lavatis, dorso medio alisqne

brnnneo-aeneis vix violaceo indntis, tectricibus subalaribns rnfescente-brunneis,

remigibns pogonio interno pins minnsve rnfescente marginatis, rostro nigro, pedibus

rubris.

Obs. : C. C. nigrirostris dictae maxime affinis nt videtnr sed corpore snbtns

magis griseo-vinaceo minns rnfescente, uropygio caudaque supra vinaceo-violaceo

tinctis, canda subtns nigrescentiore necnon rostro minore.

SS al. 160, 154. cand. 126, 125. culm. 13i, 11|. tars. 21 i, 21 mm.

5 156 V^'i I'^i 21 J

Habitat : in regionibus fl. Orinoco dicti, Ecnadoriae or., et Peruviae or. septr.

This is probably the T. vinaeea Temm. (nee (jrml.) ex Cayenne, but it is clearly

distinct from C. pliunhea, with which Count Salvadori has united it.

It is a much smaller bird than C. jdumbea, with a rather shorter bill, and it

is more vinous on the head and neck and on the uuderparts of the body. Also the

under wing-coverts are rufescent brown instead of being greyish brown, and the

inner webs of the remiges are more or less margined with rufescent. In fact, it

seems to be the southern representative of C. n/qn'rostris Scl. of Cetitral America,

which it resembles very much, but it has the underparts of the body mnch darker,

more greyish vinaceous, less rufescent, and the rump and the upperside of the tail

are more or less suffused with violaceous vinaceous, this being never the case in

C. nigrirostris. The tail underneath is much blacker, and the bill is rather smaller

and weaker.

Specimens from Eastern Ecuador and Upper Amazonia in Mus. H. v. B.

agree with the birds from Maipures.

Maipnres : Si ad. 10, 22, 28. xii. (bis) '98 ; ? ? ad. 28, 31. xii. '98. " Iris

heliotrope-jiurijle ; feet dark rose-purple (reddish rose-purple) ; bill black ; eyelids

burnt carmine."

(Nos. 11630, 11U31, 11032, 11419, 11582, 116U1 Cberrie coll.)

410. Columba rufiua Temm. k Knip.

Columba rufinti Tern. & Knip Piij. I. (1808-11) p. 59, pi. 24. " La Guiane f ranc^aise," etc. Wc

aecept Cayenne as typ. hab.

Altagracia : cJc? 18, 19 (ter), 20 (bis), 24, 30. xi. 2, 3, 4. xii. "97 ; ? ? 2, 13,

14. xi. '97, 1. xii., ad. 18. xi. '97.

Caicara : " J " juv. 8. iii. '98.

Maipures: 6 29. xii. '98. "Iris rose red ('dark-seal brown 'j; teet rose-red

(lake-red) ; bill black ; claws dusky (black)."

(Nos. 8606, 8700, 8730, 8731, 8732, 8747, 8748, 8815, 8816, 8942, 8950, 8906,

8967, 8992, 9i)16, 10418, 11651 Cherrie coll.)

( 118 )

411. Zenaida ruficauda vinaceorufa (Itidgw.) (?)

{Zeimida ruficauda Bp. Comp. Av. II. (1854) p. 83 (Xova Granada).]

Zenaida vinaceorufa Ridgw. /"r. US. Nat. .Mux. VII. (1884) p. 17'j (Curasao).

Altagracia : J cJ ad. 6, 23. xi. '97 ; ? jiiv. (i. xi. '97.

Caicara: c?<? 2, 12. (bis) iii. '98; ? ? 17. ii. C, ]-2. iii. '98, 66 1-'. iii. '118. :

? jnv. 12. iii. '98. " Iris dnsky (seal-brown) ; feet dusky carmine flake-red) ; bill

black."

(Nos. 8487, 8488, 8860, 10132, 10352, 103.53, 10458, ln4.V.), KUno, 10461, 1046-',

10463 Cherrie coll.)

The Orinoco specimens in their coloration seem to be somewhat intermediate

between trne ruficauda from Bogota and Z. r. rhiaceoru/a Ridgw. from Curacao,

but they are evidently nearer to the latter.

Cindad Bolivar: 6 6 lo. vi., 25. vii. '98 ; ? ? 15. vi. '98 (Klages).

412. Leptotila verreauxi (Bp.)

Leploplila verreauxi Bp., Oinsj). Av. II. (1854) p. 7;! (ex. "Nova Granata").

Lejilojitila insidaris Richm., Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. XVIII. (1895) p. 659 (Margarita I., off Venezuela).

Altagracia: 66 15. .xii. '97, 19, 27, 31. i. '98 ; ? ? 4, 17. xi. '97, 7, 10, 13

(bis), 20, 27. i. '98.

Caicara: 66 14, 19 (bis), ii. '98; ? ? 14, 19. ii. '98. "Iris oclire-yellnw

(orange-bnfi) ; skin abont eye china bine ; feet lake-red ; bill black."

(Nos. 8457, 8679, 9214, 9564, 9617, 9618, 9664, 9665, 9736, 9754, 9861, 9907,

10071, 10072, 10171, 10172, ](il73 Cherrie coll.)

These specimens seem generally slightly richer below than others from Bogota,

but we have not been able to compare a good series. L. insularis BicLm. (cotype

in Tring) agrees well with the Orinoco specimens. Perhaps the latter name should

be acce])ted for this form.

413 Leptotila rufaxilla (Rich. & Bern.).

Colniitbii rufojcilla Rich, ili Bern., ^lit. Sue. Hist. Nal. Poi-is I. (1792) p. 118 (Cayeune).

Altagracia : 6 4. ii. '98 ; ? 6. i. '98.

Maipures : c?(? 8, 11, 20, 22. xii. '98 ; ? ¥ 17, 22, 30. xii. '98.

Perico : 6 6 30. ix., 21. xi. '98 ; ■ ? ? 21, 31. xi. '98.

Rio Catanapa : 6 26. xi. '98; ? 25. xi. '98. " Iris olive yellow ; feet bnrnt

carmine ; bill black ; lores maroon pur[)le ; bare skin about lores purjile."

(Nos. 11548, 111005, 11238, 113u5, 113illj, 11307, 11334, 11341, 113bS, 11430,

11494, 11556, 1I5S3, 11584, 116.54 Cherrie coll.)

414. Columbigallina passerina granatina (Bp.).

[Coliiniija /xisserina Liun., Si/sl. NhI. Eii. X. 1. (I7.J8) p. ll'i.'i (u.\ Sloane— Jamaica) excl. syn.

Marcgr.]

Chumaepelia granatina Bp., Cunsp. ^Ir. II. (Dec. 18.^4) p. 77 (Bogoti).

Altagracia : 66 ad. 19. xi. '97, s. xii. '97 ; ? 27. xi. '97, 8. xii. '97.

Caicara: ? ? 10. iii. '!»8, Is. ij. 'ij8. " Iris rose-pird; (yellowish, yellowish tlesli-

colonr), eyelids lemon-yellow : f^'^'i whitish (flesh white) ; hill black at tip, dnsky

orange at base (naples yellow at base, yellowish nniuge al base, claws black."

( 119 )

CiiKlad Bolivar : (?c? 16. vi., 4. vii., '98 ; ? ? 11, 15. vi. '98 (Klages).

(Nos. 8602, 8803, 9090, 9091, 10145, 10501 Cherrie coll.)

The typical Col. passerina inhabits the Greater Antilles, while the continental

South American liirrls are less dark and should be called ijramitina. A still paler

form {perpallida Hart.) is found on Curacao, Arnba and Bonaire.

415. Columbigallina rufipennis (Bp.)

Taljjacotia rufipciiiiis Bonap, Coiixp. Ao. II. (1854) p. 79 (Columbia).

Altagracia : cJt? ad. 0, 29. xi. '97, 4. i. '98 ; ? ? '.). xii. "1)7, 4. i. '98 (bis) ;

? ? juv. 4. i. '98.

Caicara : c? 24. (bis) ii. '98 ; ? ? 19, 24. (bis) ii. '98. " Iris orange-yellow

(yellowish flesh), eyelids lemon yellow ; bill black at tip, dusky orange at base

(dusky) ; feet ])ale reddish (whitish)."

(kos. 8489, 8928, 9117, 9501, 9502, 9503, 9504, 9505, 10175, 10246, 10247,.

10248, 10249 Cherrie coll.)

Ciudad Bolivar ; S S 30. vi., 3. viii. '98 (Klages).

La Union (Gaura R.) : ? 18. xii. 1900 (Audre).

410. Columbigallina minuta (L.).

Columba minuta L., Si/st. Xat. Ed. XII., 1 (176G) p. -85 (ex BrissoD : Sau Domingo, errore. We

substitute Cayenne).

Ciudad Bolivar : cJ ? ad. 25. vi. '98. " <? Iris pink ; feet light pink ; maxilla

grey at base, mandible yellowish white at base, tip of both mandibles deep brown."

(H. Klages).

417. Claravis* pretiosa (Ferrari-Pereis).

Peristera pretiom Ferrari-Perez, Pr. U.S. Nat. .Viih. IX. (1886) p. 175— (ex Jalapa, Mexico).

Columba cinerca Temm. c^i Knip, Pig. I. (1811) fam. sec. p. I2ii. pi. 58 (Bre'sil). (Berlepsch rejects

the name citurea for this species, as being preoccupied by (Jolumba citierea Scop. 1786, while

Hartert would accept citierea T. & K.

La Union, Canra R. : Sd 18, 21. xii. 190<i.

La Pricicm, Caura R. : ? 14. xii. 1900. " (? Iris red : bill dark bluish ; feet

l>iak. ? Iris yellow ; bill dirty brownish green ; feet pink" (E. Andre).

418. Scardafella ridgwayi Robins. & Richm.

Srarilafella rijijinii/; Robins, li Richm., /';•<«_■. U.S. Xat. Mua. XVIII. (1896).tp. 660 (typ. ex ins

Margarita).

Columba squanwna Tern. *i Knip, iiec Boniiat.

Altagracia: tJcf 8. xi. (bis), 6, 8, 24. xii. '97 ; S juv. 8. xii. '97 ; ? ? ad. 17,

30. xi., 3. xii. '97.

Caicara : ad. 24. ii. '98 ; cj 3. iii. 'Os. '• L-is bright rose-pink (clay-colour),

feet dusky flesh-colour, bill blackish."

(Nos. 8521, 8522, 8523, 8678, 8714, 8993, 9058, 9086, 9087, 10245, lu368

Cherrie coll.)

* Peristera is preoccupied.

f Berlepsch accepts this name because there is already a Ctdnmha .•itjutrmnsn- of Bonn.iterre (1790)

prinr to Temminck's C'dtniiba xt/ no i/wsa of 1811. Ilnrtert, of course, would accept Sf/iatmn.m for the

Scardafella, as the other ^qvavto^a belongs to a widely tlifferent genus.

( 120 )

The continental specimens are not different from the origiiiiil liinls of the ishiMi

Marjirarita, iiiimed ri<lgwa>/i.

Ciiulad B.iliviir: 3 <j(? 14, IT, lit. xii. 'i)8 ; ? T,. vi. '1J8 (Klages).

41 '.I. Mitua tomentosa (Spix).

Cms tnniento^a Spix, Ar. Braii. II. (1825) p. 40 tab. LXIII. (e.x sylvis [jiiludosis fl. Xigri propc

pagiim Barcellonam) .

Altagracia : <? ? 1. ii. ''.)8.

Qniribana de Caicara : Si ad. 'Z, 13, 14, 25, 27. iv. '98 ; ? ? 4, 0, 1(1. iv. '1>8.

" Iris bay-browu ; feet orange rufons ; bill pale horn-colonr at tip, bright vinaceons

basally, on mandible and at centre of maxilla, where the colour deepens and darkens

rapidh- np to the base ; ridge of the cnlmen blackish."

(Nos. 1)924, 9925, ln.jS3, lu59.s, 10(523, loTuii, 19721, 10784, lOMl, 10648

Cherrie coll.)

Nicare : ? 18. i. 1901 ; native name " Panji culo Colorado " (E. Andrti).

42o, Crax alector L.

'! C'ra.r nigra Lin., Si/sl. Nat. Ed. X. (1758) p. 157 (partim !) (Ex Sloane— ex Curasao ins. The

description of Sloane is too incorrect — the plumage described as black all over — to admit the

name of the tenth edition of Linnaeus ; moreover Linnaeus' synonymy is a mixtum

compositum).

Craj: (ilninr Lin., %s(. yat. Ed. XII. I. (176G) p. 269 (ex Brisson : La G uui iie (= Cnyemie),

Bresil & Jamai'que (errore).)

Nericagua : ? 27. iii. '99. " Iris bright hazel-brown ; feet dark plumbeous ;

bill ]ilumbeous gre}- with greenish shade ; base from nostril and chiu-angle orange

chrome yellow, blackish at union of colours on maxilla." (No. not given). Native

name " Pauji culo bianco."

421. Penelope jacupeba Spix.

I'tiiehiiir jiicnpeba Spix, Ac. Bins. II. p. 54 pi. 71 (1823) (Para).

La Pricion, Canra K. : ? 16. ii. 1901. " Irides chestuut ; skin around eyes

and ut gape of lower mandible black ; bare throat red ; beak black ; feet red "

(E. Andr^).

422. Ortalis motmot (I-.).

/'//((.s/Vnif/.s- iKvhiiot Lin., .S>'(. Xtil. Ed. XII. 1 p. 271 (17130) (ex Brisson— ex Brasilia, Guiania. Wc

.accept Guiania = C'ai/eiiiie, typus in Mas. Kuulmuriand. The synonym " Katrakas-katrakas,"

Fewill. peruw. 285 must be excluded).

Nericagua: cJ ad. 4. iv. '99. "Iris Vandyke brown; feet jiurj)lish burnt

carmine ; bill plumbeous ; sides of face blackish slate-colour ; bare patches along

sides of throat flesh colour." (No. 12300 Cherrie coll.)

La Pricion, Caura H. : ? ad. 5. ii. 1901. " Irides yellowisli brown ; skins

around bill and eyes dark grey ; skin on upper throat reddish : bill greyish ; feet

and toes red " (E. Andre).

( 121 )

423. Pipile cumanensis (Jiic<].)-

Cvax oiunaiwnsi'i Jacq., Brt/tr. (1784) p. '25 (" Am Orinokoflusse bey Kumana").

Munduapo: SS 15, 21. ii.; ? ? 'J, 17, 25. ii. '99.

Nericagua : ? 25. iii. ; c?(? 31. iii., 6, 13. iv. '99.

" Iris chestnut browu ; feet bright brick-red ; bill black (slate black) at tip ;

pearl blue from nostril and angle of gouys (anterior point of nostrils and gonys)

to base where colour blends with pale pearl-grey of the bare skin on the sides of

face ; chin and upper throat azure blue ; colour darkening to slate-black at lower

part of bare neck and on wattle."

(Nos. 11876, 11986, 12046, 12247, 12328, 12438, 12504, Cherrie coll., one

without number.)

La Pricion, Canra K. : 5 S d Jan., Feb., 1901 (E. Andrt?).

Nicare, Caura R. : S 18. i. 1901 (E. Andre).

424. Odontophorus gujanensis (Gm.) (?)

Tetnio fjujanensis Gm., Syst. Xut. I. '1 (178!;!) p. 7i)7 (ex Buff, and Lath,, " Cayenne et Guiana."

We take Cayenne as the typical locality).

Snapure : " cj '" 17. vii. '99. " Iris light brown ; feet dark grey ; bill liluck ;

bare skin on foce light flesh-red " (Khiges).

This specimen agrees with skins from British Guiana, except that the crown

and crest are brown, not chestnut, the throat and sides of head not chestnut, but

greyish brown, mottled with blackish. The bird is moulting. Cayenne skins

should be compared (Hartert).

425. Eupsychortyx sonnini (Temm.).

Pcnli.c Soimitii Temm., Hist. Nat. tifeii. ties Pii/enns it lies Galliiiae. III. (1815) p. 4.51, P. Soiminii

t. c. p. 737. (Guiana, sc. Cayenne, ex Sonnini's edit, de Buffon.)

Altagracia : cJ c? ad. 12. xi., 5. xii. (bis) '97, 4 (bis), 7, 15. i. '98, (sex not

marked) (S S ad.) 25. xi. '97, 17. i. '98; cfc? semi-ad. 10. xi. '07 (bis), 6. i. '98;

? ? 0, 12, 14 (ter) i. '98.

" Iris Vandyke brown (sepia-brown, raw umber) ; feet blackish slate (dirty

whitish, dusky whitish) ; bill dusky (black)."

(Nos. 8083, 8650, 8651, 8652, 8838, 9038, 0040, 9495, 9496, 9497, 9498, 9499,

9539, 9540, 9562, 9658, 9659, 9727 Cherrie coll.)

We have not been able to compare a series from ('ayenne, but our Orinoco

specimens agree on the whole very well with specimens collected in British Guiana

by the late H. Whitely, and with others from Northern Venezuela in Mns. Tring.

The comparison of a large series of fully adult birds from the Orinoco with an

efpial series from Cayenne might possildy result in a subspecitic separation of two

forms, but at present we are not justified to make a separation. The individual

variation, apparently more or less due to age is very great in this and other

Eitpgi/f'/io/ii/x. One adult cJ from Altagracia can hardly be separated from the

form called particristatus.* The latter should only be considered as a subspecies

of E. sonni/i/.

* Ortij.t parvh-riHtatiis Ooukl, P.Z.H. 181.T p. lOG (Bogota).

( 122 )

426. Opisthocomus hoazin (Mull.).

Phasiomiit Imazin Mi'ill., Xatitrnyst. Svpj^I. (17T(») p. 1'2.5 (ex /-*/. Etil. 337 — ex Cayenne).

Caicara: c?(? ~'l, ii. (bis), l(i. iii. (bis); ? ? 21. (qnater) ii., In. iii., pnlli, 6.

(bis) viii. '98.

" Iris carmiue ; feet blackish slate : bill olive-slate ; bare skin aliont eye iiile-

blne ; lores, cheeks, cliin pale cobalt-bine."

(Nos. HUT'.), 1UI8I), 10181, liJl8:i, I0l83, 10184, 10185, InlSO, lij442, 10443,

10444, 10445, 11077, 11078 Cherrie coll.)

427. Crypturns cinereus (Gm.).

Tetrao cinerems Gm., Syst. Nat. i. 2 (1788) p. 768 (ex Buff.— Cayenne).

Maipures : ? ? ad. 26, 27. xii. '98 (uos. 11607, 11746 Cherrie coll.).

Al. 188, caud. 65, culm. 26, tars. 50 miu.

" Iris russet brown ; feet dusk}- smoke-grey ; bill, dnsky or blackish smoke-

grey."

These birds, while agreeing- in colonitiou with males Irom the River Takutn,

Brit. Gniana(coll. Whitely). and one from Marajo, N. Brazil, in Tring (Steere coll.),

presents larger dimensions, and shows rather darker brown legs and a deeper

chestnut crown. These are probably peculiarities oi Va.& female.

428. Crypturus pileatus (Bodd.).

Tetrao pikalus Bodd., Tubl. PI. Eid. p. 51 no. 829 (178 1) (ex PL Enl. 829— ex Cayenne).

Nericagua : S 24. iii., ? 25. iii. '99. '> Iris russet brown ; feet greyish

chromium-green ; bill above blackish, below greyish ; jiale at base." (Nos. 12226,

12248 Cherrie coll.)

La Priciou : ? 14. .\ii. looo (E. Andre).

429. Crypturus variegatus (Urn.).

Tetrao rariegatus Gm., Sijsl. Nat. I. 2 (1788) p. 768 (Guiana, ex Buffon — Cayenne).

La Priciou : cJcJ 17, 18. ii. 190]. " Jrides brown, njiper mandible, black, lower

mandible light brown, darker towards the tij) ; feet olive-green '" (E. Andre).

These two birds agree well with specimens collected in British Guiana by the

late H. Whitely, but the rufescent bars above are less clear and somewhat wider.

430. Theristicus caudatus (Bodd.).

Hcolopnx caudatus Bodd., T,ib!. PI. Enl (1783) p. 57 (ex PI. Enl. 976— Cayenne).

Altagracia : <? ¥ ad. 8. xi., ad. 12. xi. '97.

Quiribana de Caicara : S 28. iv. '98.

(Nos. 8509, 8524, 8603, 10858 (!herrie coll.)

" Iris scarlet; feet geranium pink : Ijill libirk : ban' skin abont bill : eye and

throat black."

( 123 )

431. Harpiprion cayennensis (Gm.).

Taiiliilus rnymicnsis Gm., S,/st. Nat. Ed. XIII. 1 (1788) p. 652 (ex BufE.— Cayenne).

Altagracia : S S 2%. i. '98 (bis).

Quiribaua de Caicara : tJc? l-'i, 28. iv. 'OS.

" Iris indian purple (dark iudiau pnrple) ; feet green (malachite green) ; bill

pea-green at tip, bottle-green at base."

(Nos. 988(i, 9887, 10737, 10S57 Cherrie coll.)

Cangrejo, Canra R. : ? 26. xii. V.W) (Andre coll.).

432. Phimosus nudifrons (Spix).

Ibis nudifrons Spix, .Ic. Bins. II. (1824) p. CO PI. LXXXVI. (^hah. ad litora lacum fl. S. Francisci).

Ihis infvscata Licht., Verz. Doubl. (1823) p. 75 (Brasil)* nomen nudum !

Altagracia: SS ad. 31. xii., 30. xi., S <S juv. 13. (bis) xii. '97, 15. i. '98; ? ? juv.

25, 28, 31. xii. '97 ; ? ad. 15. i., S ad. 1. iii. '98.

Caicara : ? ? ad. 7. v., 15. iii. '98.

? ? ad. : " Iris carmine ; feet dark sepia ; bill reddish liver-brown."

? jnv. : " Feet dusky sepia ; bill wood-browu (reddish liver-brown), blackish

at tip ; skin about eye burnt carmine."

(Nos. 8930, 9187, 9188, 9389, 9431, 9472, 9473, 9728, 9729, 10332, 10494,

10893, 10894 Cherrie coll.)

SS ad. al. 285—280, cand. 124—126, culm. 118 —127, tars. 58 —62 mm.

cJ c? juv. „ 270— 260 „ 120—115 „ 126|— 117 „ 6oJ— 53 „

? ? ad. ,,273—263 „ 122—117 „ 109 „ o3i „

? ? juv. „ 262— 246i „ 110—104 „ 112—96 „ 53^— 52^ „

The adult birds collected by Mr. Cherrie have the naked front and cheeks as

well as the bill uniform blood-red. There are no papillae on the front and cheeks,

but merely some transverse corrugations on the front. The somewhat lanceolate

feathers on the hindueck are mostly bottle-green or chalybeous, seldom with

amethyst jmrple gloss. They difl'er probably constantly from Brazilian birds which

have a yellow bill and chin (cf. Spix's description and a specimen from Porto Real

in the Tring Museum), and might form a northern subspecies.

An adult bird from Paraguay (coll. Rohde) in Mns. H. v. B. differs in having a

great amount of corrugations or warts on the naked front and cheeks. The neck

feathers are decidedly lanceolate and elongated, and of a splendid amethyst red-

colour, changing to steel-green in a certain direction of light. The naked portions

of the head are apparently more of a yellowish brown-red, and the bill pale flesh-

coloured (al. 290, caud. 122, culm. 130, tars. 62 mm.). This Paraguay species is

apparently quite distinct, and as it wants a name we call it

Phimosus azarae Berl. \, Hart.

Specimens from Buenos Ayres (S. Martino, Blonte, collected by Paul Neumann,

in Tring Mus.) agree with Fit. azarae, those from the Kio Chaura in the Andes of

Merida with the Orinoco birds.

* ]hi>i infn^cata Licht. is a nomen nudum ! It is true that Lii-hteustcin refers to Azara, and one

would Uiink that lie bad the intention to bestow a name on Azara's birti, in which case bis name might

be allowed to stand for the I'araguay species. But as he gives the habitat " Brasil." his nomen nuduju

becomes simply a synonym of the Brazilian species.

( 124 )

433. Cercibis oxycerca (fSpix).

Ibis oxt/cercus Spix, -If. Bms. II. (1825) p. G9 tab. 87 (Provinoia Parri).

Altagracia: S6 18. xii. '07.

Caicara: ? 5. viii., c?c? IT. iii., i). viii, 'lis.

Quiribana de Caicara: JcT ad. and jiiv. In. iv. 'U8.

" Iris .seal-brown (vandyke brown) ; t'eet lake-red (burnt carmine); claws black ;

bill viuaceous (hazel) rufous ; bare skin abont eye scarlet (lake-red) ; bare skin on

throat Chinese orange."

(Nos. 8b51, 9291, lU.Jll, 10:^2, 19T.S3, 11UT4, 1107.5 Uherrie coll.)

434. Eudocimus ruber (L.).

Tantalus ruber Lin., Syst. Nat. Ed. XII. 1 (17tiO)'p. 241 [" America," ex Catesby (Bahamas), Brissou

(Cayenne). We take Cayrmie e.x Brissou as the typical locality].

Caicara: ? juv. 23. ii. '98. "Iris blue-grey ; feet greyish white : bill jiale

rosaceous cinnamon " (no. 10230 Cherrie coll.).

435. Ardea cocoi L.

Ardea cocoi Lin., Syat. Nat. Ed. XII. 1 (176G) p. 237 ('' Cayana," sc. Cayenne — ex Brisson).

Caicara : S ad. 24. iii. '98. " Iris bright straw-yellow ; feet black ; bare skiu

about the eye blackish" (no. 10541 Cherrie coll.). According to Andre {The Caura

cliap. III. p. 12) it is common on the Caura. It is very wary. Called locally

Garza morena.

430. Herodias egretta (Gm.).

Ardm Egretta Gm., Syst. Nat. I. 1 (1788) p. 629 {huh. in ins. 8. Dominici, ins. Falkland et Araer.*

australi, etc.).

Caicara: S 24. iii. '98. "Iris straw-yellow; feet black; bill dark chrome

yellow ; bare skin about eyes and at base of bill citron-yellow."' ? 4. iii. '9b!.

(Nos. 11)379, 10542 Cherrie coll.) t

4;!7. Florida caerulea (L.).

Ardea caerulea Lin., Si/.tt. Nat. Ed. X. 1. (17.=j8) p. 14.? (" America septentr." We take as the typical

habitat Carolina ex Catesby).

Caicara : tj 29. x. '98. " Iris straw-yellow ; feet dusky mouse-grey in front,

dusky sage-green behind : basal half of bill dark plumbeous, distal half lilack ;

bare skin about eyes (extending to posterior edge of nasal slit) dusky sage-green "

(no. 11274 Cherrie coll.).

Mato River: cj 11. iii. 1900 (Klages).

* \Vc take Cayenne (e.x Biiflon, Gmelin's first and principal soui-ce) as the typicU haljitat.

There seems to be little doubt that Ardea galatra Molina, i^n/fgio tit. Nat. del Chili, libr. iv. (17H2)

p. 2.5, refers to tliis specie.', as Molina dcscrilies it as a large white heron, 2 £t. 7 in. higii, and with a

yellow beak of -1 in., only the misleading words " pcdibus coccineis " spoil his diagnosis. Molina's Ardea

thnla refero evidently to the Lenci>ithuy.r candidissima of recent authors, and fTnielin's Ardea ohula [Syst,

Nat. I. 2 (17SH) p. 033] is merely Molina's thnla. It must, therefore, not be quoted uiidur Ilirudiits

egretta, while Ardea thula of Molina is to be placed with L. caiididissima.

t Mr. Andr6, in his book on the Caura (chap. II. p. 9)^ gives some interesting notes on the e.sport

of the feathers called " osprey " in the trade from Ciudad Bolivar, and on the way they are procured

in Venezuela.

( 125 )

438. Agamia agami (Gm.).

Ardea agami Gm., .%»/. Nat. I. 2 (1788) p. 629 (Ex Buff, et Lath.— Cayenne).

Quiribana de Caicara : <S juv. 4. iv. 98. " Iris seal-browii ; bill black ; inaudible

dnsky olive-brown." (No. 111(500 Cherrie coll.)

Nicare, Canra E. : c? ad. 13. i. 1901. " Irides bright red; upper mandible

black, lower fawn ; feet in front dark brown, behind listht fawn-colour " (E. Andre).

An adnlt male shot in the Caroni swamps on Trinidad by Mr. E. Andr^ has

the bill l.j mm. shorter. The iris is marked as orange-yellow, feet black, bill

blackish with a pale yellow streak along the lower mandible, bare skin about the

eyes greenish. C'ulmen in the S from Nicare, 104 mm. ; in the S from Trinidad,

146 mm.

439. Nycticorax nycticorax naevius (Bodd.).

\_Ardea Nyctkorai- Linn. Sy^t. Nat. Ed. X. (1758) p. 142 (Europ. austral.).]

Ardea naevia Bodd., Tall. PI. Enl. (1783) p. 56 (ex PI. Knl. 939 av. juv.— Cayenne).

Quiribana de Caicara: Si ad. 3, 18, 21. iv. '98, " ¥ ? "juv. 21. iv. '88.

Caicara : " ? " (juv.) 28. ii. '98, S ad., i juv. 15. viii. '98. " Iris scarlet ; feet

olive-yellow ; bill, maxilla blackish slate, sulphur-yellow basally ; mandible blnckish

slate at tip, dusky sulphur-yellow basally."

? ? juv. : " Iris orange (orange-yellow) ; feet light chromium green ; bill,

maxilla blackish slate ; mandible chromium green."

(Nos. 10313, 10.395, 10795, 10790, 10781, 11127, 11128 Cherrie coll.)

44(1. Cancroma cochlearia Linn.

Cancroma cochlearia Linn., Sy.^t. iVa^ Ed. XII. 1 (176G) p. 2.33 (ex Briss. — Cayenne).

Quiribana de Caicara: cf ad. 16. iv., ? ? ad. 10. (bis), 18. (Iiis), 21. iv. '98,

? ? jrs. (in brown plumage) 16, 10, 18. (bis) iv. '98.

Caicara: cf juv. lo, iii. '98. "Iris dnsky; feet oil-green; bill black above,

dusky sulphur-yellow below ; bare skin of chin and throat sulphur-yellow."

(Nos. 10435, 10741, 10756, 10757, 10758, 10759, 10770, 10771, 10772, 10773,

10794 Cherrie coll.)

441. Pilherodius pileatus (Bodd.).

Ardea pileala Bodd., TaM. PI. Enl. (1783) p. 54 (ex PI. Enl. 907— Cayenne).

Altagracia : S 22. i. '98, ad. 6. xii. '97.

Caicara : (?<? 9 (bis), 10. viii. ; ? 11. viii. '98.

Quiribana de Caicara: c? 10. iv. '98.

El Fraile, Orinoko : ? 3. ix. '98. " Iris olive-brown (olive-buff) ; feet

plumbeous olive-grey (cinerous) ; bill, base cobalt blue ; middle of mandible lilac,

tip of both mandibles grey to jilumbeous (to the base) ; " tip of bill pearl grey,

the colour det'j)ening to plumbeous at point of union, with cobalt blue on maxilla

and lilac on mandible, union on the maxilla gradual, on mandible abrupt ; bare skin

about eye and basal part of bill cobalt-blue ; bill tip horny pearl-grey, changing to

plumbeous, then blending on the maxilla at point indicated with the cobalt-blue

( 126 )

on maiulible ; a sharply detiucd liue marks the plumbeous from the pale lilac-pnrple

spot that occupies centre of mandible. The line between the cobalt-blue and lilac

spot also sharp."

(Nos. 8968, yrrO, loesr, IIUQT, mm, lllim, lll-^-t, 111.54 Cherrie coll.)

442. Syrigma sibilatrix (Temm.).*

Anha siWalrij- Temm., PL G>1. V. pi, -271 (lH-24) (- Paragviay et Bre'sil.""-We take S. Brazil a-s

the typical habitat. Cf. Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Ardeae, p. 3G : Ad. fig. d;ins les PI. Col. 271

Br^sil, coll. Bonjour).

Caicara: ? ad. 22. x. '98. "Iris pearl-grey: feet black: bill rose-iiink, tip

blackish, bare skin in face aznre bine. In life there is a narrow whitish line where

the pink and black meets, the pink fading into the white colour, which is abruptly

replaced by the black colour." (No. H2.")l Cherrie coll.)

443. Butorides striata (L.).

Arclen striata Linn., Sysl. Xat. Ed. X. 1 (1758) p. 144 (typ. ex Surinam -Rolander).

Altagracia: " c? " juv. 26. i. '98 ; ? juv. 7. xii. '97.

Caicara: "c?c??" ad. 15. viii. '98. "Iris lemon-yellow; feet olive-green;

bill above black, below pale greenish ; lores black ; bare skin about eye sulphur-

yellow."

(Nos. 9U65, 9841, 11133, 11134, 11135 Cherrie coll.)

Suapure : ? ? ad. 28. v., 29. vi. '98 (Klages).

La Union : 17. xii. 1900 (E. Andre).

444. Tigrisoma lineatumt (Bodd.).

A,-ih„ Uneaki Bodd., Tall. PI. Enl. (1783) p. .02 (ex /'/. Enl. 8G0 ad.-Cayeune).

Caicara : ? ad. 28. ii. '98.

Quiribana de Caicara: " c? " ad. 8. iv., ? 6. iv. ; Si jr. 5, S. (bis) iv. '98.

" Iris, inner ring chrome-yellow, changing abruptly to walnut-brown on the outer

half; feet olive in front, olive-green on posterior half; bill above clove-brown,

* It is quite impossible to accept the name eyanoeephala ii.sed for this species by Heine, liciclienow,

and Sharpe. Vieillot (^Nmv. IHct. xiv. p. 411) had not the intention to create a new name, but while

describing our species after Azaras " FlauUi del Sol " (^Ai»in1am. iu. p. 1G9), he associated it quite

erroneously with the Ardea cyanocephnta of Molina, which is a Ayrticurax (cf. Cat. S. XXVI. p. 156).

t Although there is some probability that Ardea hraiilieitsi) Uriss. (if the description is really taken

£iom a Cayenne bird in Mus. Ii6aumur), which, with Marcgra\es " Soco," forms the base of Ardea

branlicnsis Unn.. belongs to the same species as Ardea lineata Bodd. it seems better to drop the term

•■ ir<«riK«t»i»," as Brisson's description is by no means clear, and as Marcgraves description is probably

referable to T. hahiae Sharpe.

( 127 )

along ridge of cnlmen changing to mnmmy-brown along sides ; bare skin aronnd

eye, on chin, throat, sulphnr-yellow ; at base of mandible citron-yellow, along gonys

horny straw-yellow."

(Nos. 10314, 10622, 10024, KKiol, 10652, 1(I653 Cherrie coll.)

c? c? al. 340, 335, 325, cand. 130, 125, 120, culm. 116, 110, 105, tars. 99, 98, 98 mm.

? ad. Yquitos, al. 290, caud. 114, culm. 92|, tars. 95 mm.

As will be seen from this table of measurements, the Orinoco specimens

marked "cJc?" are rather larger than an adnlt /mafe from Yquitos (Upper

Amazons). Perhaps the difference is only a se.xual one. Specimens from (Jayenne

should be compared.

Nicare: ? jnv. 18. i. 1901 (Andr^).

La Pricion : ? ad. 17. ii. 1901 (Andre).

t'angrejo, Caura River: ? ad. 26. xii. lOilO (Andre).

This ? is much smaller than (Jherrie's bird No. 10314, marked ?, which nearly

agrees in size with the birds Nos. 10624, 10625, marked SS. This No. 10314 is

probably a <^, though there are veri/ seldom errors in sex on Mr. Cherrie's labels.

445. Plotus anhinga Linn.

Phitux Aiildugfi Linn., Syst. Nat. Ed. XII. 1. (1760) p. 218 (ex Marcgr. etc.). (Am austral, so"

Brasil. or.)

Qniribana de Caicara : 11. iv. '98.

Caicara: ? ? ad. 10, 19. iii., ? juv. 24. iii. '98. "Feet dusky olive-green ;

bill lemou-yellow ; eye three rings — inner orange, middle chestnut, outer orange ;

bare skin about face sulphur-yellow."

(Nos. 10436, 10526, 10543, 10688 Cherrie coll.)

446. Phalacrocorax vigua (Vieill.).*

Hijdmcorax rigiia Vieill., Notn: Dirt. VIII. (1817) p. 90 (ex Azara— Paraguay).

Caicara : ? ad. c? (jr.) 24. iii., ? jr. 18. iii. '98.

Quiribana de Caicara : d S 9. (ter) iv. '98. " Iris pear-green ; bill blackish

above, dusky horn below (maxilla blackish, mandible dusky liorn-colour) ; feet

black ; bare skin at base and on chin straw-yellow."

(Nos. 10525, 10544, 10545, lOfiTO, 10077, 10678 Cherrie coll.)

447. Porzana albicoUis (Vieill.).

Riillm alhicoUh Vieill., Nom: Did. iTIIist. N,il. XXVIII. (1819) p. 5r,l (ex Azara : Villa de

Curugiiati del Paraguay).

Quiribana de Caicara : ? 26. iv. '98. " Iris bright vandyke brown ; feet

dusky brown ; upper half of maxilla olive-green ; lower half aud mandible

apple-green." (No. 10826 Cherrie coll.)

This specimen agrees with two others from British Guiana (H. Whitely coll.),

and one from Bahia (trade-skin) in Mns. Triug, except that the edges of all the

feathers of the upper surface are olivaceous grey instead of olive-brown.

* Mr. Andr6, in his work on the Caura River, chapter iii., p. 16, says: "Near the mouth of the

Mate River, ou a large sandbank, 1 witnessed an extraordinary spectacle. For over a mile in the water

on each side of this stretch of sand, and sitting on it, were myriads of this Cormorant, called " cotua " by

tlie natives. 1 had seen immense docks at t'umaua, for it is plentiful ou the north coast of Venezuela,

but never before had 1 beheld such a mult tude of birds assembled in one spot."

(. 128 )

448. Aramides cajanea (Miill.).

Fulica Cajaimi P. L. S. Miiller, Nalursyst. Suppl. (1770) p. 119 (ex PI. Eiil. 352— Cayenne).

Qniribana de (^'aicara: c? ? 7, 13. iv. '98.

Altagracia: ? 1. xii. '07. "Iris ochraccons rnfons ; feet lirigbt carmine; ere

apple-green ; eyelids scarlet."

(Nos. 80.=)4, KKVis, 10709 Chcrrie coll.)

We do not nnderstand the difference between ^1. cajanea (Miill.) and ,1. cliiricote

(Vicill.) as pointed out by Dr. Sbarpe ; the geographical distribution of the two

supposed forms is, according to the distribution given in the Cat. B. xxiii. p. 50,

evidently overla])])ing. The birds from the Orinoco have the pileum ashy grey,

slightly tinged with brownish on the occiput, and the liack greenish grey-brown,

not so brownish as in specimens from British Gniana and Trinidad.

440. Aramus scolopaceus (Gm.).

AnJea srnhpacea Gm., Si/st. Xtil. i. 2 (1788) p. 647 (ex Buff.— Cayenne).

Altagracia: ? ? 7. xii. '07, 13. i. '0,s. " Eye se])ia : feet blackish."

(Nos. 0414, 0G88 Cherrie coll.)

450. Eurypyga helias (Pall.).

Ardea helias PaU., Neue Nord. Beyti: II. (1781) p. 48, tab. III. (ex Surinam).

Altagracia: c? 8. xi. '07.

Quiribana de Caicara : cJ 8. iv., S 5. iv. '08.

La Union, Rio Portugara, Orinoco : cJ pull. 8. x. '08.

Perico: ? 27. ix., S 2'2. ix. '08. "Iris orange-vermilion ; feet ochre-yellow;

bill maxilla blackish ; mandible ochre-yellow."

(Nos. 8520, 10664, 10736, 11102, 11234, 11242 Cherrie coll.)

Mato River: c?<J 25. ii., 12. iii.; ? 27. ii. looo (Klages).

La Pricion : c? 2. ii., ? ? 2, 18. ii. 1001 (E. Audr^).

451. PsopMa crepitans L.

Fsojiliid crepilniix Linn., Synt. Not. Ed. X. (1758) p. 154 {hub. " In America meridionali." We

substitute Cfii/emie ex Barrfre, Linnaeus' principal and first source." The synonym Marcgrave

is to be excluded, as it pertains to a species of Thitiniiis).

Suapure : c? t? 3, 20. iv. '00. "Iris brown ; feet, tibiae, and upper surface of

tarsi light green, rest pale yellow ; maxilla black ; mandil)le deep green, tipped

with black" ; S 4. iv. lOOU (H. Klages).

452. Oedicnemus bistriatus (Wagl.).

Churadrms bislrintiis Wagl., his 1829 p. 648 (Aai. Mexico, locis planis inter lacunas sitis).

Caicara : i ? 3. iii. '08. " Iris lemon-yellow ; feet olive-yellow ; bill black,

yellowish olive-buff at base." (Nos. 10365, 10366 Cherrie coll.)

* It is important to compare a .■series from Cayenne. Daubenton's picture does not app.arently quite

suit the birds from British Guianji.

( 129 )

453. Parra* jacana Linn.

Parm jucana Linn., Syst. Nat. Ed. XII. (1766) p. 259 pt. "Am austr." [ex Marcgr. & Edu\~

hab. Surinam (fide Edw.)].

Altagracia : S 26. i., ? ? 3, 26, 29. i. '98.

Qiiiribana de C!aicara : ? 26. iv., ? juv. 26. iv. '98.

" Iri.s slate-grey ; feet dnsky olive yellow ; shield maroon pnrple ; bill ochre-

yellow."

(Nos. 9493, 9834, 983.5, 99i.i4, 1U836, 10837 flherrie coll.)

Suapure : ? ? 1. vi. '99 (Klages).

Mate River : i S 25. ii., 9. iii. 1900 ('Klages).

454. Hoploxypterus cayanus (Lath.).

Chamdrius cayanus Lath., ImI. Oni. II. (1790) p. 74y (ex Buff., typ. ex Cayenne).

Cindad Bolivar : ? 10. viii. '98 (Klages).

Mato River : ? ? 25. ii., 6. iii. 1900 (Klages).

Altagracia : (?(? 13, 18. xi., 1. .\ii. (bis) '97, 12. i. '98.

Caicara : cJc? 11, 19. iii., 5. (ter) (moulting) vii., 6. viii. (bis), ? ? 5, 10. viii. '98.

" Iris seal-brown ; feet scarlet (flame-scarlet) ; bill black ; eyelids scarlet ;

claws black."

(Nos. 8604, 8005, 8952, 8953, 9966, 10527, 11051, 11052, 11053, llo69, 11070,

11071, 11102 Cherrie coll.)

455. Belonopterus cayennensis (Gm.).

PfOTO (yiypunensis, Gm., Syst. Nal. I. '1 (1788) p. 706 (ex Buff. — Cayenne).

Altagracia : <?c? 25. i. '98, 10. xii., ? ? 12, 30. xi., 10. xii. '97.

Caicara : Si 23. ii., 11. iii., 5. viii., ¥ ? 23. ii., 11. iii., 5. viii. '98.

Qniribana de Caicara : ¥ ? 5, 13. iv. '98 (¥ de 5. iv. egg in oviduct).

" Eye lake-red ; eyelids and chin lilac ; feet Indian purple ; bill black at tip,

lilac at base."

(Nos. 8584, 8939, 9123, 9124, 9822, 10228, 10229, ln449, 1045(i, lu62I, lo708,

11072, 11073 Cherrie coll.)

450. Aegialitis coUaris (Vieill.).

Chumdrius coUaris Vieill., Nnm: Dirt, xxvii. (1818) p. 13G (ex Azara— Paraguay).

Altagracia : c?(J 17, 24, 31. i., ? 5. ii. '98.

" Eye seal ; feet black ; bill black."

(Nos. 9732, 9785, 9913, 10024 Cherrie coll.)

457. Helodromas solitarius (Wils.).

Trhiga snVdaria Wils., Am. On,. VII. (1813) p. 53 PI. 58 f. 3 (Hudson's Bay).

Cindad Bolivar : 6 ¥ 10. viii. '98 (Klages).

Altagracia: cJc? juv. 1. xii. '97, 25, 26. i., ¥ jnv. 26. i. '98.

Caicara : 6 juv. 21. x. '98.

* We see no difficulty in adopting; Parra Linne with the type P. jarana. inasmuch as we refuse

Brisson's names of genera which are no genera in the Linnean .sense.

9

( 130)

" Eye seal ; feet sage-green ; bill blackish."

(Nos. 8951, 9588, 9816, 9830, 9831, 11246 Uherrie coll.)

Suapnre, Canra R. : <? 14. ix. 'O'.t (Klages).

458. Totanus flavipes (Gm.).

Scnlopax Jlavipes Gm., %•</. .V-</. I. 2 (1788) p. 659 (ex Lath, & Penn. typ. "ex Nove-

boraco ").

Altagracia : " <? " (jnv.) 26. i. (bis), ? juv. 8. i. '98.^

" Eye seal ; feet dusky olive yellow : Mil blackisli."

(Nos. 9589, 9832, 9833 Clierrie roll.)

4.J'.). Totanus melanoleucus (Gm.).

Scolojxix melanoleucus Gm., %»(. .V</(. I. 2 (1788) p. 059 (ex Pennant-/»<1. auctumno in arenis

littoris Labrador).

Altagracia : <? c? 7. xi. ".I7.

fNos. 8506, 8507 Cherrie coll.)

46U. Tringoides macularia (Linn.).

Trhiga marvhrki Linn., Syst. Nat. Ed. XIL 1 (176G) p. 249 (ex Edw.— Europa errore— et "Am.

septr." sc. Pensilvania fide Edw.).

Cindad Bolivar: S 10. xii. '98 (Klages).

Altagracia : •' ? " (jnv.) 16. xii., S juv. 30. xi. '97.

Caicara : c?cJ ad. 14. iii., 27. x., c? c? juv. 17. iii., 22. x., " ? ? " (juv.) 15. iii.,

23, 27. X. '98.

" Eye dark sepia ; feet light greeuish olive : bill blackish (bill blackish dusky

smoke-grey at base of maudible ").

(Nos. 8938, 9245, 10485, 10490, 10506, 11252, 11258, 11267, 11208 Cherrie coll.)

Suapure, Caura R. : ? 14. ix. '99.

461. Gallinag'o paraguaiae (Vieill.).

Scolojmx paragufikip Vieill., .Vowi-. Dkt. III. (1810) p. 350 (ex Azara— Paraguay).

GuUlmKjofrenaia (Licht.) Sharpe, Cot. Birdu XXIT. (1890) p. 040.

Altagracia : c?c? 27. xi., 18. xii. '97, 4. i. '98, ? 24. xii. '97.

Quiri liana de Caicara : 6 d 29. (bis), 30. iv. '98.

Munduapo: S 1. iii. '99.

" Eye sepia ; feet dusky (dusky slate, dusky yellowish) ; bill, raw umber at

base, blackish at tip."

(Nos. 8883, 9286, 9361, O.JoO, 10870, 10871, 108S4, 12140 Cherrie coll.)

Our Orinoco birds agree perfectly with sjiecimeus from Bahia (Easteru Brazil),

Rio Grande do Sul and Paraguay. See also Herlepsch's remarks in J. /. 0.

1887 p. 36, where it is pointed out that S. frenata Licht. is a jiure synonym

oi G. paraguaiae (Vieill.), and that the specimens with very short bills which

occur in Eastern and Southern Brazil along with the long-billed ones ought to

receive a new name unless they be not young birds of the long-billed ones.

( 131 )

462. Cairina moschata (L.).

Atiaa moseliata Linn., Sijsl. Nat. Ed. X. (1758) p. 1J4 (ludia* et domest. (ex Gesner) Albin., etc.)

Altagracia : c? 26. iv., ? ? 8. i. '98, '.>. xii. '97.

Quiribana de Caicara : 27. iv. '98.

"Eye seal-brown (raw umber) ; bill black ; feet black."

(Nos. 9111, 9587, 1082.^, 10849 Cherrie coll.)

Mr. Andre says it is called in Venezuela " Pato real." It is common on the

t'aura River, and perches frequently on trees.

463. Dendrocygna discolor Scl. & Salv.

Deudroci/gim discolor Scl. & Salv,, Xoinenol. ai\ Neotr. (1873) pp. 129, lljl (ex Venezuela, etc.).

Altagracia: Sd 7,9, 11, 18. (bis) xii. ; ? ? ad. 27. xi.,11,16. xii. '97,26. i. '98;

(?c?,iuv. 21. xii. '97 (bis).

" Eye seal-brown ; feet whitish flesh-colour ; bill pinkish vinaceous ; naildnsky

nile-bliie."

(Nos. 8674, 8909, 9080, 9112, 9148, 9149, 9150, 9243, 9289, 9336, 9337, 9842

Cherrie coll.)

One female (26. i. '98) has tlie black abdomen mixed with small whitish spots,

and the young male (21. xii. '97) with a blackish bill show no black whatever on

the belly, which is of a uniform brownish white.

One adult male (no. 9080) has the upper part of the back rufous, only merging

into greyish near the npjier border of the dee|) rufous-cliestnut upj)erside. The

chest is also much more chestuutrufous, and this specimen stands tlius somewhat

in the middle between IK uutumiidUs and ]>. tliscolor.

464. Alopochen jubatus (Si)ix).

Aiiser juhatns Spix, Ar. Brnx. II. (182.'i) p. 84. tab. 108 (insula Praya das On§.i.s ad ripaui fl.

Solimoes).

Altagracia : c?c? ad. 7, 10, 25,28. xii. '97, 3, 14. i. '98 ; ? ? 4, 29. xi., 18. xii. '07,

5. i. '98 (bis).

" Iris seal-brown ; feet vermilion (dark crimson) ; bill black, reddish at angle

of commissure (black above tip, below base pnrplish black colour).

(Nos. 8454, 8910, 9079, 9242, 9290, 9386, 9433, 9434, 9489, 9524, 9525, 9690

Cherrie coll.)

465. Nettion brasiliense (Gm.)

Anas hrasiileiisis Gm., Sijst. Xnt. I. 2 (1788) p. 517 (? , ex Brasilia).

Quiribana de Caicara: J ¥ ad. 30. iv. '98. "Iris seal; feet vermilion; bill

dark maroon in the itiale, black in the female."

(Nos. 10891, 10892 Cherrie coll.)

* We substitute Brasilia.

( 132 )

466. Phaethusa magnirostris (Licht.).

Sterna magnlrostris Licht., Dmiil. Verz. (1823) p. 81 (typ. ex Brazil — Mus. Berol.).

Altagracia : ? ? ad. 6, 20. xi. 'fC.

("aicara: SS ad. 24. ii., 8, 14. iii. ; 6 3 jnv. s. 14. iii. ; " $ ?" ad. 4, 5. (bis), Hi,

14 (bis) iii. '08.

" Iris seal ; feet sulphur yellow ; bill canary, brightest at base."

(Nos. 8505, 8923, 10250, 10380, 10385, 10386, 10412, 10413, 10439, 10479,

10480, 10481, 10482 Cherrie coll.)

La Priciou, ('aura R. : ? ad. In. ii. loo] (Audr^ coll.)

407. Sterna superciliaris Vieill.

Sterna superciliaris Vieill., Noiir. Did. d'Hist. Xal. XXXII. (1819) p. 126 (e.\ Azara — Paraguay).

Caicara : c? ? 5. iii. '98. " Iris seal : bill dark naples yellow ; feet dusky

sulpliur-yellow."

(Nos. 10387, 10388 Cherrie coll.)

46s. Rhynchops nigra cinerascens (Spix) (? ).

[Hhi/iicliojis nigra Linn., Syst. Xal. Ed. X. (17:'i8) p. 138 (ex Catesby — Carolina),]

Jlhynchops cinerascens Spix, Ares Brnsil II. (1825) p. 80 pi. 102. (Hab. : In locis ripariis fl.

AmazoDum.) (There is not sufficient reason to reject Spix's name. It is true that be only

described immature birds, and that the character stated to distinguish them from Hh. niyni

were those of the young birds : but there is no doubt that he described the young of the South

American bird, and not that of lili. niijra).

Caicara : S 15. iii. '98. "Iris dusky, feet orange-vermUion, bill blackish, base

orauge-chrome." (No. 10493 Cherrie coll.)

This bird, which appears to be adult, differs from li/i. cinerascens {= melanura

Sw.) in the lighter whitish ashy under wing-coverts, wider white tips to the

secondaries (about half au inch), and wider (about one-tenth of an inch) white edges

to the rectrices. They stand thus between lib. cinerascens ( = melanura) and Rh.

intercedens, which has the secondaries white for more than an inch, slightly wider

white edges to the rectrices, and white under wing-coverts. Mr. Saunders describes

{Cat. B. XXV. p. 157) a similar specimen from Cozumel Island.

Probably these birds belong to a fourth American species or subspecies, but

a skin from Cumana in Mns. Rothschild seems to agree with true Brazilian

cinerascens = melanura. Mr. Saunders includes the Orinoco in his localities for

melanura, but it is not apparent that he has examined s])ecimens from that river.

Concluding Remarks.

The avifauna of the Orinoco region has hitherto been very imperfectly known,

and consequently the foregoing article will be of some importance to the students

of South American ornithology.

When Messrs. Cherrie and Klages went out to tiie Orinoco it was our hope

that at least one of them would be able to jirocecd to the unexplored tableland

( 13-'' )

and mountain ranges forming the watershed between the basins of the Amazon

and Orinoco rivers, marked as the " Sierra Parima" on the maps ; bnt the many

difiicnlties mentioned at the beginning of onr article prevented them from doing so.

Nevertheless the results of their collecting, together with those gained from

the collection of liirds made on the Caura River by Mr. E. Andre, are very satis-

factory. The number of sijecies contained in the three collections is considerable,

and not only are there among them a fair proportion of hitherto nndescribed and rare

forms, bnt many others, the occurrence of which it the Orinoco region is of special

zoogeosfraphical interest.

The forms from Ciudad Bolivar' (or Angostura) and Altagracia are those of the

Lower Orinoco, more or less well known from the delta of that great river. At

Caicara, where the Orinoco, receiving the large Apure river, whose waters drain

the Venezuelan Andes, bends its course from a northerly direction in a right

angle to the east, and at Ferico and Kaipures, on the upper part of the Orinoco,

the proportion of forms princij)ally and often hitherto only known from UjiXJer

Amazonia and the eastern Andes is most interesting.

Ou the other hand, the oruis of the Canra River, a mighty affluent to the

Lower Orinoco from the south (birds being received iVoni the places called .Suapure,

Temblador, La Pricion, La Union, and the lower jiortion of the Nicare river, a few

miles from its junction with the Caura), resembles more closely that of .British

Guiana, so well explored by Schomburgk, the late H. Whitely, and others, while

quite a number of forms are of other most interesting origin and new to science.

Unlike the affluents of the left bank, like the Meta and Apure, which flow for

their greater part through level prairie country, those on the right, especially the

Garoni and Caura, rush through a hilly country of dense forests and numerous

isolated mountains and hill-ranges, and their navigation is difficult and dangerous,

as illustrated by the mishaps of Mr. Andrii. The lower course of the Caura is

known as the princijial district from whence the Tonka bean of commerce, i.e. the

dried seed of the fruit of Dipterix odorata, is collected and exported.*

It will be noticed that, instead of quoting the best-known works, as is

frequently done now, such as the Catalogue of Birds and others, where everybody

knows that the bird is described or mentioned, and where every one can look up

its description without an extra reference to it, we have in every case quoted the

original description, which is the basis of onr knowledge of each particular form.

We have, however, not merely quoted it, bnt we have looked it up, critically

considered its meaning and value, and quoted the first original locality given.

Where no locality is .stated in the first description, or where the given locality is

vague or erroneous, we have added or substituted a sufficiently exact " habitat "

as a starting-point. These additions and sulistitutes are not arliitrarily chosen, bnt

always those that are the actual or the most likely ones whence the types have

come, as apparent from the history of collections, from the travels of collectors,

and the distribution of the various forms. Our substituted localities are therefore

not only of value for the present work — inasmuch as they indicate that particular

form with which we have compared, or tried to compare, the specimens before ns,

when deciding about their subspecitic relations — but we expect them to be accepted

as the starting-point for future work also. If new forms of a former customary

* We learn that a book on the Caura River, its hislory, [irreUicts and nature, by Mr. Andre, illustrated

by photographs and maps, is in print ; and we see £rom_some proof-sheets which the author sent to Tring

that frequent references to the more conspicuous and important birds are made in (ho work.

( 134 )

conglomerate of species and sulispecips— surh as Hiere are not a few — are separated,

mistakes are often made, becanse a wrong form is taken as the " tyjiical " one ; but

such errors would be avoided if the original " habitat " were sufficiently considered.

If no such one is given, the first anthor who " splits " the form up has the right to

accept one; and this right we may logically also claim in cases where we have not

named a new form.

The plan of investigating the original diagnosis and " habitat," which was first

proposed for this article by Berlepscb, has taken a considerable amount of time and

labour ; but it has not been in vain in our case, as it resulted in our being obliged

to reject several names hitherto in common use, because they were Ijascd on errors ;

and we hope it will lie of use for future workers too, especially for those who are not

able to refer so freely to the existing literature as we have done. As it is, the

libraries of the Rothschild and Berlepsch Museums together have supplied almost

every work referred to.

We have carefully comjiarcd the specimens from the Orinoco region witli the

series in the Berlepsch and Rothschild Museums, Hartert lias made several journeys

to London for comparing types and other skins in the British Museum, and

Berlepsch had the loan of types from Vienna, Berlin, and the Heine Museum ;

but in many cases it has been impossible to compare material from the original

locality. In snch cases we have taken into consideration those specimens from the

geographically nearest countries we were able to see.

Thus we hope that our article will be of some use, although we do not of course

dream of claiming freedom from errors.

In nomenclatorial questions and orthograjihy of names we have adhered strictly

to priority, and although our ideas are not quite the same in every detail, we were

able to agree in almost every case. This clearly shows that those who pretend that

no finality can be reached in nomenclature* are quite in error. It is always the

ignorance or disregard of the first publication and the emendation of the sjielling

that causes trouble, not the unsophisticated reference to and use of the earliest name

as it was and is. — (E. H.)

* Borne reviewers of modern zoologiral literature aie especially fond of this vague statement.

( 135 )

ON SOME MAMMALS FEOM COIBA ISLAND, OFF THE

WEST COAST OF PANAMA.

By OLDFIBLD THOMAS, F.R.S.

T) Y the kindness of Mr. Rothschild, I have had the opportunity of worlving out

-•— -' a small collection of mammals obtained on the Island of Coiba by Mr. J. H.

Batty in May and Jnue of last year. The collection is quite a small one, and only

consists of comparatively large species ; so that I am unable to institute any

comparison between the fauna of Coiba and that of San Miguel as worked out by

Mr. Outram Bangs on a collection made by Mr. A. E. Brown.*

Mr. Rothschild has generously presented to the National Museum most of the

e.xamples of all the species contained in the collection.

Specimens.

Alouatta pall/ata coihensis subsp. uov. . . . .6

Cebus kypoleucus Humb.

Dasyprocta coibae sp. nov.

Damn rotkschildi sp. nov.

Didelphis marsupialis buttiji subsp. nov. .

1- Alouatta palliata coibensis subsp. nov.

A small insular race of tlie continental ^1. palliata Gray.

Fur and colour precisely as in the continental form. But there is among the

series a good deal of variation in the demarcation or intergradation between the

dark colour of the fore-back and the paler loins, and also ia the colour of the mantle,

which in some specimens is dull yellowish and in others more reddish.

Skull like that of the type, but decidedly smaller in all dimensions, except

zygomatic breadth, the zygomata being pro|)ortionally more expanded in the smaller

form. Nasals narrowed mesially, expanded in front and behind.

Dimensions of the type, an old male, measured in skin : Head and body, 5(iU ;

tail, 580 ; hindfoot (s.u.), 130 ; skull, greatest length, 104-5; basal length, 86-5 ;

zygomatic breadth, 79'.5 ; nasals, length in middle line, 15'3 ; breadth anteriorly,

13-5; least breadlh, 7-5; interorbital breadth, 11 ; palate length, o:? ; combined

length of upper premolars and molars, 33 ; lower jaw, condyle to angle, 62 ;

antero-posterior diameter of ascending ramus, 30 mm.

Type: (-)ld male. Original number, 110. Killed 18 May, 1901. Six

specimens.

The Howler Monkey of Coiba a}ipears to have been reduced in size by its

insular habitat in a way that the Cebus has not, for the latter is fully as large as

its bretliren on the mainland.

■-!. Cebus hypoleucus Humb.

Six specimens.

I can tind absolutely no difference, either in size or colour, between these and

mainland specimens. Considering the small size of the island, there is a noticeable

amount of variation within the series, both with regard to the extension of the white

on the arms and sluiulders, and, in the skull, in the height of the nasal bones.

• Ameritan Xaturalist, XXXV. p. 631, 1901.

( 13fi )

3. Dasyprocta coibae >ii. unv.

Allied to D. ixtlimica Alst., but with the long hairs of tlic riuuii riiigcil, as in

D. punctata.

Size about as in D. istkmica. Fur coarse and sparse ; rumj) hairs less con-

spicuously lengthened than usual — about, 3 in. in length, (reneral colour above

coarsely grizzled brown (between Front's brown and raw umber of l{idgway), tlie

hairs ringed with brown and orange ; where they lengthen on the rump they are

still ringed with the same two colours, but the tips are broadly orange, almost as in

D. istlimiva. Uudersiirface soiled yellowish, the hairs lioth of tiiroat and brlly

brown basally and yellow terminally. Crown blackish brown. Ears nearly naked,

the sparse hairs brown. Arms and legs like body, uppersurface of hands and feet

black. Tail naked, about an inch in length, and therefore decidedly longer than

usual. Sknll broad and thickly built. Nasals parallel-sided, not tapering.

Dimensions of the type, measured on the skin : Head and body, oTo ; tail, 2o ;

hindfoot, s.u., lUo, c.u., 116 ; ear, 32 ; sknll, upper length, IKT, basilar length, 78 ;

zygomatic breadth, 53 ; nasals,'40 by 24 ; interorbital breadth, 32 ; palate length,

38-5 ; diastema, 26'5 ; length of palatal foramina, 42 ; length of bullae, 15'2 ;

length of upper molar series (crowns), 10.

Tijpi' : Female. Original number, 12'.i. Killed 2 June, llMJl. Five

specimens.

This species, like 1). punctata, has its long rump-hairs ringed, but the longer

orange tips to them give it a greater general resemblance to D. isthmica, with which

the body colour also better agrees. The throat and belly hairs of D. punctata are

ringed, while in D. isthmica they are as described above in D. coibae,

Mr. Bangs' D. calUda from San Miguel belongs to the other grouji, having its

rnmji hairs unringed, as in D. istkmica.

4. Dama rothschildi s]). nov.

Size very small, about the smallest of the genus ; general colour above brown,

tipped with fawn ; darker along the middle line of the back ; face dark brown,

a whitish mark on each side of the muzzle, and others above and below each eye ;

anterior half of ear fawn, posterior whitish ; long hairs of inner surface white ;

nndersurface rufous-fawn, bnt the chin, the throat (separated from the chin by a

blackish transverse mark), the inner side of the upper arm from the axilla, the

inguinal region and inner side of the thighs white ; outer side of forearms and

thighs and whole of feet fawn, darkening on the middle digits to dark brown ; tarsal

glands well marked, reddish brown ; no trace of a metatarsal gland ; tail fawn

proximally above, blackish terminally, white below.

Horns short, but little over 4 in. in length, two or three fined ; the main tine

curved inwards above as usual ; the secon<l tine one-third or one-half way u]) the

main tine, on its inner side ; a third posterior tine present behind above in one horn

.out of the two pairs.

Skull small and delicate ; ante-orbital vacuities large.

Dimensions (appro.ximate) of the tyjte, measured in skin : head and body,

1120 ram. ; tail, lno ; hind foot, with hoofs, 290 (bones not in) ; ears (dry) from

notch, 88.

Skull, greatest length, 201 mm. ; basal length (basion to gnathion), 180 ;

f 137 )

greatest breadth, 86-5 ; nasals, (Ux:i2-.'j : muzzle to orI>it, lo:i ; breadth of brain-

case, 58 ; muzzle to anterior premolar, fil ; length of upper tooth series (alveoli), 57 ;

crowns, 60 ; of lower tooth series (alveoli), 65 ; of lower premolars (alveoli), 26.

'////;<?.• Adult male. Original number, 131. Collected 2 June, I'.iOl. Two

specimens.

I cannot find any described species to which tliis tiny little deer, the smallest

of its genus, should be assigned. Its basal length of skull |is decidedly less than in

any of the forms referred to by Mr. Bliller {P. Biol. Soc. Was//., xiv. p. 35, 1901),

where this important measurement is givew both for his B. costaricensis and for

the Mexican species described by Dr. Merriam.

I have great pleasure in connecting with it the name of the Hon. W. Rothschild,

to whose liberality I am indebted for the pleasure of working out this most

interesting collection.

5. Didelphis marsupialis battyi subsp. nov.

Closely allied to D. m. caucae Allen, and agreeing with it in most details ; but

the face is uniformly dark, with distinct white spots, about \ in. in diameter, round

the roots of the snpra-orbital and malar tufts of bristles. These white spots are

clearly the remnants of the usual light frontal and cheek patches, the lower cheeks

and lips being in the present animal no lighter than the rest of the head. No light

dorsal bristles present in any of the specimens. Tail white for rather less than half

its length, its basal fifth being like the body.

Skull rather narrow, the mnzzle long and the zvgomata little expanded.

Dimensions of the type, measured in skin : Head and body, 430 mm. ; tail,

390 ; white part of tail, 180 ; hindfoot (wet), s.u. 57, c.u. 63 ; ear (wet), 50 ; skull,

greatest length in middle line, 108 ; basal length, lOt) ; greatest breadth, 52'5 ;

combined length of three anterior upper molarit'orm teeth, 18-4.

Type: Old female. Original number, 106. Collected 6 May, 1901. Four

specimens.

The four skins are all exactly similar in size and colour, and no doubt represent

an insular form of the Colombian D. m. caiicar.

( 138 )

NOTES OX CEETAIN MONKEYS NOW LIVING IN THE

ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY'S MENAGERIE.

By E. LYDEKKER.

AT the owner's request I have examined a siunll collection of monkeys recently

deposited by Mr. Rothschild in the Zoological Society's (hardens, Regent's

Park, and the ibllowiug notes relating to certain of these are the result of

my visit : —

1. Pluto Guenon— Cercopithecus leucampyx.

The descriptions commonly given of this AVest African gneiion arc incorrect

in two ])articnlars : firstly, in stating that the light band above the forehead is

white, and, secondly, that the face is black.

If we turn to Fischer's original description of Simia leHriiinpi/.r (" Synopsis

Mammalinin," p. 20, 1829), based on the monkey figured in F. Cavier's

" Mammiferes " (PI. XLII.), as the female of C. (liana, it will be seen that the

colour of the face is given as violet, while the light frontal band and the bushy

whiskers on the cheeks are described as being ringed with yellowish white, or yellow

and white. In the plate the frontal band (assuming Gray's pluto to be identical

■with this) is, however, represented of mnch too large a size, and much lighter in

colour than the cheeks, being in fact pure white faintly stippled with black.

In describing his Ge.rcopithi^en.^ phitn (now identified, and I think rightly, with

Fischer's leucampyx), Gray {Proc Zool. Soc. London, 1848, p. 59, PI. III.) speaks of

the face as black, while the frontal band is first referred to as being broad and

" white-ringed," and subsequently as " white." In the plate the band is repre-

sented as very large and ]inre white, although in a woodcnt given in the text it is

made to look much more like the whiskers, and thus more nearly true to nature.

In his " Catalogue of Monkeys " (1870, p. 23) the frontal band is stated to be white,

while the under-parts and inner sides of the thighs are described as being reddish

black. The former statement has been copied by most, if uot all, subsequent

English writers.

On examining the type oi plitto in the British Museum, I find that the frontal

band, far from being white, is grizzled yellowish-white, some of the hairs being

apparently ringed with black and white, and others with black and yellow. It is, in

fact, but very little lighter than the whiskers, "which are mainly ringed with black

and yellow, forming a kind of '• pepper-and-salt " grizzle. The hair of the back is

jiractically similar in colour to the whiskers, but elsewhere the colour is mainly

lilack, tending to grey on the throat and chest. Nowhere do I see any trace of the

reddish tinge mentioned in Gray's " Catalogue." A tuft of jet-black long hair jnst

in front of each ear forms a very characteristic feature of this guenon. The type

s]iccimen, which came from Angola, was once living in the Zoological Society's

menagerie, bnt Gray's descrijjtion may perhaps have been taken after death, which

would account for the face being put down as black.

Among Mr. Rothschild's collection is a female gnenon from West .'Africa, which

is certainly identical with (Jray's pli/fo (of which, by the way, there is a second, flat

skin in the British Museum), bnt has the face dark violet. The light frontal band

seems scarcely distinguishable in colour from the whiskers.

( 139 )

Clearly, then, Gray's pluto should be described as having a violet face, iu which

respect it agrees with leucampyx. In spite of the marked difference of the figure

of the latter from the type skin oi plido, I am of opinion, on this and other grounds,

that the identification of the two is jirobably correct.

2. Arabian Baboon— Papio hamadryas arabicus.

A short while ago Mr. 0. Thomas {Proc. Zool. Soc. Zrt»r/o«, IsOii, p. 929 ;

19U0, p. 96) described the skull and skin of a fi'iiiaU baboon obtained iu the

mountains about sixty miles north-west of Aden, as a new species under the name

of Papio arabicus. The chief ground for distinguishing this animal from

P. kamadn/as (to which it is sujiposed to be closely related) is the much smaller

proportionate size of the skull and cheek-bones as compared with those of a male

of the typical Abyssinian hamadryas {^female skull of the latter l^eing at the time

unavailable for comparison). In the course of the description it is mentioned that

the presumed new species is in all probability quite distinct from the representatives

of hamadryas which are well known to occur in the immediate neighbourhood of

Aden. It is further suggested that these latter, in place of being indigenous, may

have been imported from the Somali coast, as the native traders are known to

constantly carry baboons in their boats.

Among the collection now uuder consideration are included a remarkably fine

pair {male and female) of hamadryad baboons, which are stated to have been caught^

in the neighbourhood of Aden, and not imported from the opposite coast. Both are

fully adult, this being made manifest in the case of the male by his enormous tusks

and the extremely light colour of the profuse mantle of long hair on the shoulders

and of the cheek-tufts. In this species it appears, indeed, that in early life the

tnales (like the females at all ages) are dark olive-brown, the pale ashy colour of

the mantle and cheek-tufts not being assumed till mature age is attained.

Compared, however, with a male skin of the Abyssinian form in the British

Museum collected by Siippell, which is still in the olive-brown pelage, the male

in the Zoological Gardens appears considerably smaller ; and I should say that

this animal is about one-third smaller than full-grown Abyssinian specimens.

Moreover, a stufled male presented to the British Museum by the late Dr. J.

Anderson, which is said to be from Aden, and is in the pale ashy j^elage of the

adult, is quite small compared to the Abyssinian animal.

Again, the tyye/emale skin of arabicus, so far as my eye can recall, appears

identical with the living Aden female in the Gardens.

Whether there is any difierence in the colour or length of the hair between

Abyssinian and Aden males, I have no personal knowledge. Mr. Rothschild tells

me, however, that in the latter the colour is a rather darker grey, while the face-

tufts are twice as long. In the photographs of African specimens taken during

Lord Delamere's expedition these tufts seem to be very large, so that further

information on this point is desirable before anything definite can be said.

Confining ourselves, however, to the matter of size, and assuming the reputed

origin of Mr. Eothschild's specimens to be correct, there would seem to be evidence

that the Aden representative of P. hamadryas is considerably inferior in size to the

typical Abyssinian form ; and, if this be so, it is probably identical with P. arabicus,

which is undoubtedly indigenous to Arabia. The specimens in the Gardens are,

however, so like the Abyssinian form that, in spite of the isolation and consequent

absence of intergradation between the Arabian and Abyssinian animals, I am of

( 140 )

opinion that they ciiiiuot be regarJeil as more than subspecies. Accordingly, if

the foregoing conchisions are correct, I'li/iio (irahiriiH may become /'. hamadnjas

arabicug. If, on the other liaud, Mr. I{otlisehilir.s specimens are distinct from

arabirz/.i, and at the same time indigenous to Aden, they apparently require a new

subspecific name. This alternative is, however, 1 think, unlikely.

Two other points may be noticed. In the first place, as Abyssinia is

the home of the typical race of the s|)ecies, the name Arabian baboon is

inajipropriatc. It might be better designated the Hamadryad, or maued baboon,

and its two races respectively called the Abyssinian and the Arabian. The

second point is the propriety of transferring llamaf/n/as from Fapio to Tltcrn-

pithecus. If I were perfectly satisfied as to the right of the gelada to typify a

distinct genus, I should assent to the change. But the analogy of the lion

suggests that the mere presence of a mane in the male (or both sexes), is not

a generic character, and I would therefore deprecate any change of name, unless,

indeed, it were to abolish Theropithecus altogether.

3. East African Baboon — Papio neumanni.

Dr. P. Matschie {S. B. (ies. Saf/i'/or., Berlin, 1»U7, p. 2(51) has assigned

the name Papio neumanni to a baboon collected by Herr Oscar Neumann in

Mozambique, the type specimen being a male. This presumed species is of much

the same general type as tlioth, its most distinctive features being apparently

the great development of certain ridges on the sides of the upper jaw

A fully adult male baboon from Southern Abyssinia in Mr. Rothschild's

collection is labelled P. neumanni, and may very probably belong to that form,

since it has strongly pronounced ma.xillary ridges. The hair is of the usual

black-and-} ellow ringed type. If this identification be correct, it may be

interesting to note (as the type, was a dead specimen) that the colour of the

face is dnsky, with flesh-tints showing slightly through, the flesh-colour being

predominant on the eyelids and adjacent region. The chin and throat tend to

greyish. Bright crimson is the colour of the callosities and adjacent naked parts.

With this specimen is associated an adult female, which has also been labelled

Papio neumanni, and which came from the Upper Blue Nile. The hair, in

place of being annulated, is imiformly coloured, and the ears appear larger than

in the male. .Such differences are strongly suggestive of specific distinction, but

in such a difficult group as the baboons, with a very indifferent series of skins

for comparison, it is somewhat hazardous to say that such is really the case,

especially when we have a living example to deal with.

Note. — I must add to Mr. Lydekker's uotes that the two Hamadryad baboons were really

got in Arabia, near Aden. The question as to the genus TJieropilliecus I consider

admits of different views — though there is no question with regard to its definition.

There are some eleven or twelve species of baboon with no mane or lengthened

pelage, while there are three — namely, yelatla, obscurus, and /laiiidilri/d'i— which have

heavy manes and cloaks of long hair. If only for the sake of avoiding too large

genera, I am in favour of separating these three from Pajiin.

As to the female baboon, it is from quite a different country, and has non-

annulated hair, and very large ears. I feel no doubt of its distinctness from

P. neunwniii : in fact, the only one I could compare with it is P. dogurrn, and that

I know is distinct. 1 therefore venture to name it Piiii'm lijdckkcri, after the author

of the notes above. Walter Kcituscuilu.

( 141 )

AUS DEN WANDEEJAHREN EINES NATURFORSCHERS.

VON ERNST HARTERT.

(Continued from Vol. VIII., j>. ?m.)

II. ABSCHNITT.

BEISE XACII SUMATRA, 31 A LAKE A UJVB INDIEN.

I. KAPITEL.

SEEBEISE. DIE INSEL FENANG TJNB UEBEBFAHBT

NACH SV3IATBA. AUFENTHALT AUF SVMATBA.

Abermals an eiuem feuchtcu, ktihleu Tage, wie sie dort iiur allzu hiiufio- sind,

am 21. AngDst 1887, verliess ich den Hafen meiner Vaterstadt Hamburg, iim mieli

wieder anf liingere Zeit in die Tropeu zn begebeu. Diesinal war es ein deiitscber

Dampfer auf dem ich fuhr, die " Niobe " der Deutscben Dam))fscliift'srbedei'ei, nnd

der feme Osten war mein Ziel. Der verstorbene Dr. Eicbter in Pankow bei

Berlin, dem ich einem friiheren Versprechen gemass die in Afrika gesammelten

Kiifer abgetreten hatte, war von denselben so befriedigt, dass er mir anbot, fiir ibn

entomologische nnd andre Objekte im Osten zn sammeln. Anfiiuglicb batten

wir den Himalaya ins Auge gefasst, den icb znuiicbst von Darjiliug ans bereiseu

wollte, aber ein andrer Eutomologe rietb, jedenfalls in gnter Absicht, davon ab,

nnd so mnsste ich den Reiseplan iindern, nacbdem icb mancherlei Zeit mit speciellen

Vorbereitnngen fiir die Himalava-Reise verloren hatte.

Es wurde nnn beschlossen, Deli anf Sumatra nnd die Malakka-Halbinsel zu

besucben. Ich babe es spater berent, dass wir dem knrzsicbtigen Kathe unsres

Bekanuten gefolgt waren, denn die coleopterologische Fauna des Himalaya ist

noch beute nicht vollkommen bekannt, nnd die llilfe der dortigen znm Sammeln

wie gescliaffeueu Lepclia, die seither von vielen Sammleru mit Erfolg bemitzt

wnrdeu, wiire von unendlicbem Werthe lur mich gewesen.

Eiue kleiue, der uugewissen Zuknnft mit den denkbarst verschiedenen

Erwartungen eutgegenblickende Reisegesellscbaft hatte sich an Bord der '' Niobe ''

znsammengefunden : Ein Graf aus einem der iiltesten Adelsgeschlechter Mittel-

deutscblands hatte Sumatra als sein Ziel im Auge, wo er, da seine zerriittete

Gesundheit einen Klimawechsel wiinscbenswerth erscheiueu liess, Pflanzer werden

wollte. Ein prcussischer Leutnant, der aus irgeud einem Grunde den Abschied

genommeu, ging mit gnten Empfehluugen ausgeriistet nach Cairo, um in die

egyptische Armee einzutreten. Ein junger Hamburger fuhr nach Japan, wo er

den Betrieb eiuer Reismiible iibernehmeu wollte, nnd meine Wenigkeit zog

hinans, um eiu Scherflein beizntragen zur Erforschnng der an Thierformeu so

uueudlich reichen Tropenwelt. Trotz unsrer so grossen Verscbiedenheit waren wir

bald miteinander bekannt nnd genossen in vollen Ziigen die Scbouheiten der

Seefahrt. Fllr die Kiilte und den boheu Wellengang in der Nordsee, der nns mebr

oder minder elend machte, wui'deu wir dnrcli den Aublick des in wunderl)arer

( 142 )

Klarheit vor niis auftauchenden Helgoland entschiidigt. Als wir in deu Kaniil

eiufnliveu war es ruhig nnd warm geworden. Freuiidlich schimmerten die

zahlreichen Licbter von Dover nnd die Leucbtfeuer der iranzcisiscben Kiiste iiber

die duiikle, scbwach phosjiborescierende Flutb, die Luft war so mild uud einladeiid,

dass wir bis Mitternacbt auf Deck blieben.

Am niiclisten Tage saben wir die giiinen, felsennmgiirteten normauiscben

Inseln, an denen Papageitancber nnd Lnmmen dii> See belebh-n, nnd danii ging es

biuein in das atlautiscbe Moor. In dnnlder Xacbt wnrde Cap Finisterre passiert,

ebenso spiiter Gibraltar, aber die felsigen Farolhoes Eilande nnd Cap la Roca

zeigton sicb nns im berrlicbsten Sonnenglanzc, nnd unweit der Meerenge von

Gibraltar saben wir mebrere Walfiscbe. Fiir den verlorenen Anbliok von Gibraltar

wnrden wir reicblicb entscbiidigt dnrcb die gewaltigen Gebirge Sttdspanieus, wo

wir anf der grandiosen Sierra de Gador Scbueefelder zn seben glanbton. Die

Fahrt dnrcb das Mittelmeer war iiberans angenebm, warm nnd rubig. Der

Vogelzng scbien in vollem Gauge zn sein, denu Steinscbmiitzer, Lanbsiinger, gelbe

Bacbstetzen, Nacbtscbwalben, Uolirbiibuer, Robrweibeu, Purpnrreiber nnd andre

V(igel wnrden anf der Wanderuug beobacbtet, nnd kamen tbeilweise an Bord.

Am 7. September licfeu wir in den Hafen von Port Said ein. Sobald als

miiglicb entfloben wir dem Kohlenstanb des Hafens, um die Stadt zn beseben, die

mit ibrem Gemiscb vou Italienern, Franzosen, Griecben, Maltesern, Syrioten,

Engliindern, Oesterreicbern nnd Dontscben, Arabern nnd Negern eincn zwar

bnnten, aber wiisten, nnd keineswegs anbeimelnden Eindruck macbt. In der Tbat

ist der Ort, der am Strande der Wilste bei Beginn des Kanalbancs gegriindet

wnrde, nnd wobin nnr die Anssicbt anf Gewinn all dies Vcilkergemiscb gelockt

babcn kann, fiir den Fremden nicbt anziebend. Die vielen Liiden mit enropiiischen

Waaren, die zabloseu Kneipen, Tingel-Taugel, Spielbiinser, wo die Konlette

kreist, nnd allerhand liederlicbe Bnden kunnen nns nicbt leicbt fesseln. Mit

grossem Verguiigen nabmen wir die Anfforderung eines Herrn Levy an, nns in das

nahe Araberdorf zn fubren, nnd bald ritten wir anf mageren Eseln dnrcb den

tiefen Wiistensand, der freilicb dnrcb Flascbeu, Kisten, Scbmutz, Kistenstrob nnd

Papier, die letzteren beiilen Gegenstiinde die einzige Nabrung der biesigen Ziegen,

eutstellt war. Das Araberdorf mit seiuen tiirkischen Tiinzerimien, Miircbenerziihlern,

Negermnsikanten mit Tambnrin nndNegertrommeln wie im Hanssaland, briillenden

Derwischen nnd nsirriscben Zwergen erinnerte nnwillkiirlicb an die Erziibhmgen

der Tanseud nnd ein Niicbte, aber der romantische Eindrnck wnrde oft dnrcb die

Beimiscbnng friinkiseber Knltnr abgescbwiicht, nnd anf dem Ktickwego in spiiter

Nacbt war die Zndringlicbkoit der Arabermiidcben anf den Strassen fast bennrnbigeud.

Goldig erglanzte am andern Morgen dor Stanb in der Lnft nnd die Wiiste

ringsnmber. Scbiisse weckten nns — Wacbteln waren erscbienen, nnd wor nnr Zoit

batte knallte sie nieder, selbst nnmittelbar bei nnd anf den Hiinseru, wie am Hafen.

Gegou Mittag begaun die fiir den Nenling interessante Fabrt durcb deu Snezkanal.

Da nnser ScbitV keiu Postdampfer war, mnssten wir wiederbolt in die sogenannten

"gares" einlanfen, nm andre Dampfer in der meist nur fiir oin Scbiff geuiigcnd

breiten Wasserriune passieren zn lassen. Die ganze Landscbaft ist vnllig

vegetationslose Wiiste, nnr bei den Stationen an den " gares " gewahrt man etwas

(Jriines. Wiederbolt saben wir Kameelkarawauen voriiberziebeu, nnd arbeitendes

Arabcr- oder Fellacbengesindel.

In Suez verliess nns der Lentnant, nm am Abend mit der Babii nacb Kairo

woiter zn dampfen. Micb fesselte der gewaltige Djebel Ataka mit seinen ragenden

( 143 )

Felswiinden, fiber denen ich mit dem Feiiirohr grosse Raubvogel kreisen sab, die

ibrem Flugbilde uach Liimmergeier zu seiu scbienen.

Bei Suez ist alles kalil, uur die Ufer des Siisswasserkauals zeigten einiges Grtin,

nnd am gleicbfalls kablen arabischeu Ufer griiote niir die Ajua Musa genannte

kleine Oase — die Mosesquelle. Nicbt weit davon ziebt eine flacbe Bank quer uber

den Golf von Suez, die friiber boher gewesen sein soil. Hier kanu es vielleicbt

miiglicb geweseu sein, dass die Jnden bei einer ungewdbnlicb tiefen, von einer

ansgleichenden Flatbwelle gefolgten E1)l)e das Meer durcbscbritten baben. Weiter

siidlich Ziehen priicbtige Hocbgebirgsketten an den Ufern Asiens und Afrikas

entlang, d'eren steile, zerkliiftete Abbiinge in der Abeudsonne wunderbar ergliibten.

Als wir am 12. September den Wendekreis uberscbritten, beganu die bisher

immer noch angenebme "Wiirme zur Hitze zu werden — bald batten wir 3G"" und

an den folgeuden Tagen bis zu 43" Celsius im Schatten, uud bekamen oft mehr

als einen obnmiicbtigen Heizer znr Zeit anf Deck in Pflege.

Massen von Kaucbscbwalben nnd Uferscbwalbeu befanden sicb anf der

Wanderung, nnd liessen sicb oft anf dem Schiffe nieder, wo wir mancbe mit der Hand

ergreifen konnten. Auch Enropiliscbe Bienenfresser und Gelbe Bacbstelzen {Motacilla

_flamt) besucbten uns. Letztere blieben tagelang an Bord, wo sie sicb von den ziemlicb

biinfigen kleiuen Scbaben (Blatta) niibrten, und von uns auf Deck gegossenem

Siisswasser sofort und obne Scbeu zuspracbeu. Anous sfolidus warsebr biinfig.

Am 1.3. September fubren wir durcli die Strasse von Bab el Blandeb, aber fiir

uns war es ein Tbor der Freude, denn eine friscbe Brise webte uns entgegen, nacb

Tagen glilhender Hitze. An der engsten Steile der Meeresstrasse saben wir einen

Flug von mebreren Hnnderteu scbwarzer Milane von Arabien nacb Afrika biuilber-

zieben, die eben ausser Scbussweite iilierbinflogen. An mebreren Stellen im rotben

Meere batten wir die Wracks engliscber Dampfer auf den Felsen sitzen seben.

Am 17. September erblickten wir die lauggezogenen, mit wenig Griiu

gescbmiickten Felsriicken des Kap Guardafui, und im Augeublicke da wir

es nmscbififten, kamen wir in deu Bereicb des Stldwest-Monsunes. Es war ein

unbescbieiblicb schOner Aiiblick, der endlose, sonnengliinzende indiscbe Ocean,

liber deu die boben Wogen mit silberweissen Scbaumkronen, eine die andre jagend,

beranrollten — aber leider stiirmte auf den stolzen Rennern das Gespeust der See-

krankbeit daber, das uns alle bald wieder der gebobenen Gefiible beraubte. Nacbts

war ein priicbtiges Meerlencbten,jede scbaumgekrOnte Welle erglilnzte phospboriscb,

soweit das Auge reicbte.

Im Ganzen war die Fahrt durcb den indischen Ocean eiuformig, docb wurde

mein Ornitbologen-Auge nicbt wenig erfreut durcb das eigenartige Flugbild des

Fregiittvogels und die zeitweise sebr biinfigen TropikvOgel, die mit ibrem theils

scbneeigweissen, tbeils silbergliinzendeu Gefieder uud ibrem pracbtvoUen, eleganteu

Flnge wobl zu den scbonsten Erscbeinungen der Vogelwelt geboreu. Meist war

es der dem indiscben Meere, bis in's rotbe Meer bin eigene Phacthon iiidicus, den

icb bcobacbtete, aber icb konnte am 2i5. September aueb mit grosster Deutlicbkeit

die rotben, fadenformig verbingerten Steuerfedern imd das salmartig rOtblicb

angebaucbte Gefieder des Pkaclhon ruhricauda erkennen, der im indiscben Ocean

zu den Seltenbeiten gebort.

Die Niicbte wareu so warm, dass icb Iiiinfig auf Deck scblief. So aucb am

30. September, bis micb gegen 'i Ubr das Trampeln dei' Matrosen, laute Komman-

dorufe und Kettenrasseln weckten. Icb fubr in die Hobe nm fiir den Augenblick

von dem bellen Leucbtfeuer voii Penang, das durcb die Dnnkelbeit der Nacbt

( 1J4 )

heriiberstrahlte, geblendet zu wenlen. Bald wnnlcii die Lichter der Stadt sichtbar,

nnd nm 4 Uhr gingen wir vor Auker.

Das Erwachen dieses Tages war nnbescbreiblich schfin. Zuerst erschieueii

die hellen Hiinser von Penang, dann die dahinter enijiorragenden, in dichte

Wolkenscbleier gehiilltou Bergi' der Iiisel, die von deu Strahleu der idier den

griiuen Hiigeln der Malakkalialbinsel aufgebendeu Sonne getroffen wnrden. Ab

nnd zu liifteten sich die die Berge verhiillendeu Wolkenmassen, um lachende

hellgriine Pflauzungen, dnnkelgriine Wiilder und weisse Hiinser erkennen zn lasseii,

die bald wieder von den grauen Wolken verdeckt wnrden, ans denen Blitze znckfen

nnd 8trome von Regen niederranschten.

Hier sagte ich der " Niobe" Lebcwohl und stieg in dem i)raclitvoll, am Meeres-

nfer gelegenen " Oriental Hotel "' ab.

Die den Engliindern gehiirende kleine Insel Penang, oder eigontlich Puin

Pinang, d.b. die Insel der Arekapalmen, hat nnr etwa 275 Qnadratkilumeter

Umfang, sieht aber infolge ibrer hohen Gebirge, die bis zn 2,600 engl. Fnss

anfsteigen, viel grosser ans. Bewohnt ist sie von etwa zweinndnennzigtansend

Menschen von denen die meisten in der Hafenstadt Georgetown leben. Penang ist

viilliger Freibafen, Anlegeplatz vieler Damjifer, und verraittelt die Verbindnng

zwischeu Europa und einem Theile der Malakkahalbinsel, uamentlich Perak,

Selangor, der Provinz Wellesley, der Insel Salanga, und theilweise auch mit Deli.

Der Handel ist daher bedeutend, und Georgetown bat einige grosse europiiisebe

Handelsbiiuser, worunter sich aucb mebrere dentsebe befinden. Trotzdeni sind die

Enropiier mit 8,500 Seelen sebr in der Minderzabl, denn die eiugeboreneu Malaien

ziiblen etwa 22,000, und die 45,000 Cbinesen l)ilden weitaus den grossten Tbeil

der Bevolkerung. Zu Strassenarbeiten werden vielfacb die sogenannteu Klings,

d. b. Tamilen aus Siidindien benutzt, deren schokoladefarbenen, meist nur mit einem

Leudentucbe bekleideten, ebenmassig scbOnen und kriiftigen Gestalten mit den

weicben Ziigen eiue der interessantesten Strassenstaffagen bilden. Die Tamilen

nnd sonstigen ludier macben etwa 15,000 aus.

Das Leben der Enrojiiier in Penang ist recbt augenebm. Das Klima, obwobl

nicbt fieberfrei, wird von den meisten gnt vertragen. Ein ziemlich interniitionaler

Klub mit Kegelbabu, Billard- nnd Lesezimmeru und gnter Verpflegung dient den

Unverheiratbeten zum Rendezvous, nnd die Geselligkeit in Familien und nnter

Jnnggesellen ist ziemlicb gross. Das deutscbe Element, zu dem sicb ausser den

eigontlicben Deutschen aucb die deutscbsjirecbenden Scbweizer und Oesterreicber

reclineten, hielt zur Zeit meines Auf'eutbaltes obne iiussere Form, zwanglos, wie

cs sicb eben fand, zusammen, nnd das Verbiiltniss zn den Engliindern war das

denkbar beste, ein Unterscbied der Nationen kanm zu bemerkeu.

Die Insel ist sebr f'rncbtbar luid zum gnissten Tbeile bebant. Betelniisse,

Kokosnlisse, Ananas, besonders aber Muskatniisse nnd etwas Pfefter werden

ansgefiibrt. Reich wie die Vegetation ist aucb die Tbierwelt, obwobl grosse

Siingetbiere und viele Arten vou Waldvugeln fehlen. Zum Sammeln war die

Umgebuug der Stadt wenig geeignet, wilhrend die Hoben der Berge, anf deren

einem sich ein ertriiglicbes, vou einem bolliindischen Ehej)aar geleitetes Hotel

belaud, ein besserer .Jagdgrnnd waren. Leider war icb inmitteu der Regenzeit

angekommen, und wiibrend nnten in der Stadt eine oft dnmpfe Hitze berrscbte,

war PS oben auf dem "Crag" so kiibl, dass man sich gern wollener Kleidnng

bediente. Die oft tagelanganbaltenden Regengiisse macbten das Sammeln zeitweise

fast nnmo'rlicb, denn Sclimctterlin'j'e und Kiifer zeiirten sicb nicbt, die Vi'igel waren

( 145 )

schweigsam, mid eine griindliclie Dnrchniissang war das Resultat jedes anch nofh

so knrzen Abstechers von den Wegen. Fiir diesen Mangel an Sammelergebnissen

konuten die herrlicheu Fernblicke, nnd der Aublick sich bisweilen unter nnserm

Hotel entladender Ge witter nicht entschiidigen.

Mit ciuem iSchweizer nnternahm ich eine Fahrt nach der gegeniiberliegenden

Kilste der Malakkahalbinsel. Der viel zn starke Wind trieb das kleine malaiische

Boot (Sampanj gerade hintiber uiid nicht wie wir wollten zar Miindnng des Kwala

Mnda oder Muda .Stromes. Den Strand bedeckte weithiu eine Pflanze mit fleischigen,

stumpflierzformigen Bliittern und hell violetten, windenahnlichen Bluthen, wie sie

ganz ahnlich auch die Gestade von Westafrika nnd Westindien schmllckt. Ausserdem

war der sandige Ufersaum mit Cocospalmen bestanden, nnter dciien sich einige

DOrfer befanden, deren Kanfladen alle von Chineson gehalten wnrden. Hinter dem

sandigen Uferstreifen dehuteu sich weite Reis- und Zuckerrohrfelder aus, in denen

Bekassinen {Gallinago stenura nnd G. gallinago) eine gate Jagd gewiihrten, sonst

aber wenig Interessantes zu sammeln war. Von Vogeln schossen wir nnr noch

eineu Eisvogel (Alceth ispida hengalcnsis), einen Fliegenfanger (Rhipidura javanica),

eine Krithe und Motacilla boarula melanope, die ostliche, ein wonig kurzschwiinzigere

Form unsrer Gebirgsbachstelze. Die Rhipidura erregte besonders unser Interesse,

indem sie mit ausgebreitetem Schwanze und halb herabhangeuden Fliigeln eine sehr

merkwiirdige Stellnng einnahm, die ofFenbar eine Schreckstellnng sein sollte. Die

Malaieu nennen den Vogel daher djelaila, was soviel wie Narr bedentet. Wenn

alle Rhipidura Arten ahnliche Gewohnheiten haben, so hiingt damit sicherlich die

starke Entwickelung und lebhafte Zeichnung ihrer Schwanze znsammen.

Nach einer durch Regen gesturten Nacht in unserm Boote fuhren wir am

Strande entlang bis zur niichsten Mfuidung des Muda. Dies ist ein breiter Strom,

auf dem siamesische Djunken mit geschwellten Segeln hinglitten. Auch am Muda-

Flusse fand ich kein giinstiges Sammelgebiet, denn iibelriechen.de, mit Mangrove

und Sumpfpalmen bestaudene Siimpfe zogen sich weit an seinen Ufern bin. Die

iiberall i'reuudlichen Eingeborenen behaupteten, dass Europiler oft ein bis zwei

Jahre lang ihren Fuss nicht in ihre Durfer gesetzt batten (?). Am Abend segelten

wir zuriick nach Penang, wobei wir durch einen plotzlichen Wind und Gewitter

iiberrascht wurden. Wir geriethen dadurch in Gefahr, dass die Wellen iiber Bord

schlugen, und nur durch das sehr geschickte Manovriren der Malaien und stetes

Ausschopf'en hielteu wir uns flott, wiihrend fast alle die erbeuteten Vogel, eine

Kiiferflasche und mehrere andre Gegenstiinde iiber Bord gesplilt wurden. Auf dem

Qnai von Georgetown batten sich viele Leute versammelt, um unsrer gefahrlichen

Fahrt zuzusehen und nothigenfalls zur Rettung bereit zu sein.

Die besten Sammelgriinde von Penang diirften auf der amlern Seite der Insel

liegen, z.B. bei Batu Faringi, wo eine Eisfabrik und ein Steinbrecher arbeiten, nnd

wo ich besonders an Schmetterlingen gute Bente machte. Da es indessen nicht

meine Absicht war, lange auf Penang zu bleiben, uahm ich dort keinen Aufenthalt,

sondern fuhr nach eiuigen Tagen nach Sumatra hiniiber.

Als Diener hatte ich einen hilbschen Malaien Namens Achmed engagiert, der

mir besonders beim Schmetterlingsfange und Abbalgen behiilflich sein sollte, wozu

er auch viel Geschick zeigte.

Der kleine chinesische Dampfer " Rosa " machte seinem Namen wenig Eh re,

denn da er mit chinesischen Arbeitern, nach ciiinesischer Art in Korbgeflecht

verschniirten Schweinen und Enten so voll wie nur mijglich beladen war, war

weder sein Aussehen, noch die Luft auf ihm derart, dass er irgeudwie an die schiine

10

( 146 )

Blnme, deri^ii Xainen er trng, eriiiiiorte. Die Ueberfabrt wiinle (lurch das ruhige

Wetter nnd die Frenndliclikeit des deiitschen Kajiitaus, der mis, d. li. den beideii

eiiropiiischen Passagieren, seine Kajiite eiuriiumte iind soviel wie niDglich den

Anfenthalt anf der Kommandobriicke gestattete, leiillich angenehm gemacht, audi

war die Verpflegnng wider Erwarten ganz gnt.

Nach etwa zwanzigstiindiger Fahrt kamen wir vor der Barre des Medan-Flusses

an der Kiiste von Snmatra an, uud salien vor iins die gewaltige Insel, deren

Ustkilste soweit das Aiige reichte niit einem einzigen gro»sen Waldo bedeckt sciiieu.

Es war dies der etwa eine halbe Meile breite saftiggriiue Giirtel von Mangrove-

Waldern, der das Land vom Meere abschliesst.

Der Halenjilatz Labnan-Deli war gerade niclit ermuthigend. Es ist ein

scbmutziger, uugesnnder Ort, mitten im Sumjife, am Saume des Mangrovenwaldes

gelegen, die Wege znr Regenzeit kaum gangbar. Es herrschte eine dnmpfe Hitze,

Nacbts war es nnr wenig kttbler, Scbwarme von Moskitos, und eine Wiener

Damon- und Horrenkajielle ranbten eiiien Theil der Nachtruhc. Die Pflanzer und

Goscbaf'tsloute begiinstigten die Mnsik selir, aber fur mich, der ich ebeu von

Enropa kani, hatte sie wenig Anziebung. So rascL als miiglicb verliess ich

Labuan, nnr einen Bosuch bei dem beriihmten Dr. Hagen, der so viel zoologisch

in Deli gearbeitet iiat, kounte ich mir nicbt versagen, nnd die wenigeu in seinem

Hause verlebten .Stunden boten mir reichen Gennss.

Die Eiseubahn fuhrte mich bald nach Biudjey, wo ich liei eiuem doutschen

Pflanzer, dem Herrn Merteu abstieg. In keinem Lande diirfte freiere nnd

herzlichere Gastfreuudschai't geilbt werden, wie damals in Deli, Langkat mid

Serdang, don boriihmten Tabaksgegenden. Eiu reiseuder Zoologe war damuls

otwas aussergew(ilmliches in jener Gegend, und ich wnrde daher von so vielen

Pflanzern eingeladen, dass ich uur einen kleinen Theil der Einladungen annehmen

konnte. Bei der .Wahl meines Aui'euthaltes konnte mich natiirlich nur der eine

Gesichtsiiunkt leiten, wo ich am meisten Resnltate erwarten konnte. Ob ich in

meiner Wahl iiiuuor gliicklich war, mag dahingostellt sein, denu die Schildorungon

der Herreii waren meist unbestimint, und sejten konnten sie die von mir gewiinschte

Auskunl't geben. Allen den Herren, die mich so fremidlich unterstiitzteu, bleibt mein

Dank fiir immer bewahrt ; besonders haftet meine Erinnerung an den Namen Merten,

Dr. Graliam, Dr. Martin, Jurtz, Knfahl sen. nnd Kufahl junior, von Hagen, Schatt.

lui Ganzon war wcdor dieser Anfenthalt anf Sumatra, noch ein zwoiter,

kurzerer iin t'olgenden Jahre von besonderem Giiicke begiinstigt. Die Regierungs-

beamten wollten von Reisen in die Battak-Berge nichts wisseu, die Pflanzer wollten

es nicbt luit der Regierung verderben nud mich daher nicht mit Triigern unter-

stiltzen, aussordem waren Arbeiter so sebr gesucht, dass keine Hand frei war.

Nur boi mcincm zweiten AulVnthalte machte ich es moglicb, mit meinem alten

Heisegelabrten aus Afrika, der ebenfalls einige Zeit laug in Sumatra war, von dor

jiracbtvollen Station des Herm Schatt durcli don Tshinkaiu Pass bis an ilon Rand

der Battak-Hcichebone zu kommen.

Duroli oinon Sturz verletzte ich gleich im Anfange des orsten Aul'euthaltos

in Sumatra mein linkes Kiiie in gofahrlicher Weise, sodass ich wochcnlaug nicht

ausgehen konnte, und Monate zu grosser Vorsicht genOthigt war. Da meine

oinzeliien Toureii und Erlebnisse in Sumatra nicht von allgemeinen Interesso sein

k(]Mnon, gebc ich in Folgenden nur eine Uebersicht liber die Natur des von mir

bereisten Theiles von Sumatra. Ausser den eigeuen Aufzeichnungen benntzte ich

dabei auch die schouon Schilderungen Hagens.

( 147 )

II. KAPITEL.

NATUBGESCHICHTLICHES AUS SUMATRA.

Die gewaltige Insel .Snmutra wircl etwa in ihrer Mitte vom Aeqnator ilurch-

schuitten, mid ihrer gauzen Liinge iiach, nahe der westlichen Kiiste, von einem

gewaltigen Gebirge durchzogen, das an melireren Stellen ausgedehnte Hochlsinder

bildet. Wiilirend an der Westkiiste die Gebirge nahe an das Meer herantreten

und die stiirmischeu Gestade eine Bildang von Schwemmhmd nicht ermoglichen,

hat sich an der fistlicheu Seite, langs der ruhigen Fluth der Malakkastrasse, die

auf der einea Seite dnrch Sumatra, auf der audern dnrch die gebirgige Malakka-

halbinsel vor dem Monsun geschtitzt ist, ein mehr oder minder ausgedehntes, stets

wachsendes alluviales, ganz ebenes Kiistenland gebildet.

Alluvial wie diese steinlose Ebene ist anch ihre ganze Natur. iufolgedessen

ist anch die Thierwelt dieser Ebene von Ostsumatra uicht die eigentliche sumatra-

nische Thierwelt, sonderu eine im Grossen und Ganzen mit der der ebenen Theile

der Malakkahalbinsel nud (freilich in minderem Grade) mit der Borneos

iibereinstimmende. Die eigentliche, Sumatra eigenthtlmliche Fauna hat man an

der Westkiiste und auf den ausgedehuten vulkanischen Gebirgsziigen zu suchen.

Dort ist alles weit mehr verschieden vou der ostlichen Ebene, als letztere von

den Ebenen der Halbinsel Malakka — Klima Bodenbeschaii'enheit, BevOlkeruug,

Regenzeit, Flora und Fauna sind dort anders.

Wie ich schon vorhin erwiihnte, beschriinkten sich meine eigenen Beobachtungen

grosstentheils auf das ustliche Tiefland und die Httgelliinder von Deli, Langkat

and Serdang. Dort hat die schmale Ebene zwischen dem Kap Tamian und dem

Asahan-Flusse, die Sultanate Deli, Langkat und Serdang, gewohnlich knrzweg Deli

geuannt, seit einigen Jahrzehnten eine ausserordeutliche Bedeutung erlangt durch

den Tabaksbau, denu dort wird der beriihmte Delitabak gepflanzt. Vor den Zeiten

der Tabakskultnr war fast die gauze Ebene mit Urwald bedeckt, der an Grossartig-

keit seines Gleichen sucht. Wo der Boden zu Pflanzungszwecken ausersehen

wurde, muss zuniichst der Wald vernichtet werden. Mit Axt und Siige fallen die

ruhrigen chiuesischen uud westsumatranischen Arbeiter Stamm auf Stamm, kajijien

Busch auf Busch, alles in wustem Durcheinander liegen lassend. Mit Grauen

erfiillt den Naturfreund der Anblick eiues solcheu " topass," iles Bildes der

Verwustung. Gefallte Stamme liegeu libereinander in haushohem Gewirr, und an

das Ganze wird, wenn es einigermassen getrocknet ist, Feuer angelegt, uralte

Eriodendreu uud andre Riesenbiiume aber, deren siiulenartige Stamme mit dem

harten Holze zu gewaltig fur Axt und Siige sind, werden in lebendem Zustande

verbrannt. Unten werden sie angeschlagen, Feuer angelegt und das Weitere

abgewartet. Langsam glimmt es im trocknen Innern der Riesen weiter, bis oft

erst nach Wocheu ein Sturm, oder der abendliche Kiistenwind die Fenersiiule

umwirft, ein schauervoU schiines Bild in dnnkler Nacht. In der trockenen

Jahreszeit konnte man von den Bergen herab in der Nacht oft meilenweite Strecken

der Ebene in Flammen stehen und am Tage gewaltige Rauchwolken zum Himmel

aafsteigen sehen. Anf diese Weise wurde ein Holzreichthum vernichtet, der in

Europa Milliuuen repriisentieren wurde, und mit ihm eine Welt von Pflanzen und

( 148 )

Thieren zerstiirt, wiilireml sich die griJsseren Thiere zuruckzogen in die iioch

gebliebenen Wiilder. Wiitirend der frnchtbare Boden eine Anzahl von Tabaksernten

lieferte, niid dm Pflanzern viel, sehr viel Geld einbraclito, wird vielleicht das Klima

dnrch die Eiitwaldnng beeintriichtigt werden, uud die Znknnft der Ebene vielleicht

eine fragliche sein. Es fragt sich, in wieweit die Natnr selbst den entbLissten ntid

ansgesogenen Boden wieder mit Wald zu bedecken vermag. An vieleu Stellen

schiesst nach der Bebanung mit Tabak mit einer wnnderbareu Schnelligkeit ein

nener Wald emiior, der scbon nach Jahresfrist iiber fiiufzehn Fuss hohe Busche

enthiilt. Leider jedoch ist diese uene Waldbildnng uicht ilberall zu linden, denn

auf weiten Fliichen, uameutlich wo der Boden sehr ausgesogen wurde, und nnfehlbar

da, wo nach dem Tabak Reis gebant wnrde, bedeckt sich das Land mit einer

gleichformigeu Graswiiste. Diese wird gebildet von dem verhassten Alang-alaug,

oder wie man in Deli sagt Lalang-Grass, Impemta arundinacea, das sich iibevall

eindriiugt, wo der Boden einige Zeit laug kultiviert worden ist. Die unabsehbaren

Flachen des starren, scharfspitzigen, etwa mannshohen, hellgriinen Grases machen

keinen erfreulichen Eindrack. Nnr hier uud da wird ihre EiufOrmigkeit durch

eine gelbbliihcude Akazie, oder cine Hinibeerranke mit ganz geschmacklosen, aber

etwas saftigcn Friichton unterlirocUeu. Das Wurzelge-wirr ist dicht verfilzt und

fast nnausrottbar. Diese Lalangflilchen sind eine Gefahi- fiir das Land. Schou

damals war in den Kustenstrichen Holzmaugel eingetreten, und wahrend waiter

im Lande noch die miichtigsteu Stiimme vernichtet wurden, um den Boden fiir den

geldbringenden Tabak frei zu bekommen, wurden Bretter und Balken an den Kilsten

von weither auf dem Seewege bezogen, well Arbeitslohn und Transport im Lande

selbst zu thener waren. Einige Pflanzer begannen gliicklicherweise schon zur Zeit

meines Anfenthaltes in Deli, die abgebauten Strecken mit dem seines gaten Holzes

wegen sehr niitzlichen djuar, oder wie man in Deli sagt djohor-Banme (Cassia

JloridcC) zu bepflanzen.

Der alte Urwald ist in Deli nur noch an Stellen zu finden, wo die Entwiisserung

anf besondere Schwierigkeit stiess — wie in dem grossen Selesseh genaunteu Walde

in Langkat — und an den Flanken des Gebirges, wo der Tabak nicht so gut gedeiht,

wie in der Ebene. Der Anl)lick eines solchcn Urwaldes ist das erhabenste Schauspiel

fur den Naturforscher. Unsre heimischen Waldungen, die wir Deutschen so ganz

besonders lieben und bewundern und in deren Schatten wir uns so gem in feierliche

Stimmun> versetzen lassen, schrnmpfen zusammen im Vergleich zn diesen Riesen-

wiildern. Das Dickicht der Kronen liisst die Strahku der Sonne nur selten durch,

und die miichtigen Stiimme sind oft von Schmarotzcrn derart umrankt, dass sie

griine Siiuleu bilden. Von einem deutschen Walde uutorscheidet sich ein solcher

sumatranischer Urwald, ansser durch die bedeutendere Hohe und die einzelnen

Baumriesen, namentlich durch die grosse Anzahl und Verschiedenheit der Baum-

arten, durch die reiche Entwickelung des Unterholzes, nml die vieleu rankenden,

kletternden und schmarotzenden Pflanzen, die uicht nur das Uuterholz dicht

verschlingen und verfilzen, sondern auch in den Kronen gleichsam eiueu zweiteu

Wald in hoher Luft bilden. Namentlich sind es die Lianeu und die Baumfarrn,

die dem Tropenwalde sein eigenartiges Ansehen verleihen. Die licifolgende Photo-

graphic gewahrt einen herrlichen Blick in eiuen snmatranischeu ^\'ald, wie er am

Ufer eines Baches, nahe bei dem Hanse Herrn Meissners auf Bckalla-Estate sich

hinzog. Leicht ist es nicht, in einen jungfriiulichen Urwald vorzudringen denn er

ist von ausgedelmtem, dichten Gestrupp umsiiamt, dnrch welches der Parang der

Eingeborenen den Weg bahnen mnss ; nur wo das Kronendickicht so fest geschlossen

N()vn-4.TEs ZooLOGic.K, Vol,. IX. (1902).

Pr,. III.

C 149 )

ist, class Liclit nnd Luft nnr spiirlicli Dnrchlass finden, ist der Boden fast kahl,

nur mit modernden StiimmeQ bedeckt. Alles driingt dort liinanf zum Lichte, und

was znriickbleibt geht zu Grnnde. Eine dumpfe, iible Moderdiifte erzeugende,

schwiile Lnf't herrscht in solchen Urwaldballeu. Das Lanbdach ist so hoch, dass

Bliithen uud eiuzelne Blatter dariu uicht zn erkennen sind, und dass kein Schrot-

schuss die Vogel, deren dumpfe, kreischende oder frohliche, pfeifende Stimmeu

darans lierabtuneu, erreicht. Alles Leben scheint sich in dieser Kronen region

abzuspieleu, nur wenige Hcbtscheue Thiers, wie Blatta-A.xt^\i und die Kiifer der

Gattuug Passalus, die in den modernden Stiimmeu leben, oder eine bunte Vogelart

des genus Pitta, die am Boden hinliiuft, bewohnen die tiefen Bodenfliichen. Solch

eine Vegetation, wie sie die Phantasie nicht ktthner ersinnen kann, ist zwar nicht

mehr in der Niihe europaisclier Ansiedlungen zu finden, aber dennoch ist Sumatra

noch derartig bewacbsen, dass man wohl noch hente von der griineu Insel sagen

kann, dass ein Afte sie von Nord nacb Slid, ihrer ganzen Lange nach dnrchwandeln

kann, oline den Boden beriibren zu mtissen, wie einst Junghuhn scbrieb.

Es ist mir natiirlicli unmoglich, eine vollkommene botanische Schilderung von

Deli zu geben, aber einige der wichtigsten uud merkwiirdigereu Pflanzen will ich

kurz erwiihnen.

Am aufi'allendsten sind in Deli wohl die einzelnen, hier und da aus den

Tabaksfeldern oder dem niedrigen Buschwalde emporragendeu " Tualangs," oder

Bienenbiiume. Es sind dies grosse Exemplare einer oder mehrerer Eriodemlron

(oder Ceiba)- Arten, die mit ihreu glatten siinlenartigen Stiimmen, und den nahe

dem Boden brettartig hervortretenden Strebepfeilern ilberall in den Tropen,

besonders aber in Westafrika die Bewunderung der Europiler auf sich ziehen.

Angeblich sollen nur auf diesen Bitumen die sumatranischen Honigbienen ihre

Nester bauen. Da nun der Honig bei den Malaien sehr geschatzt ist, verbietet

ein Paragraph in den Laudkauftkontrakten den KiUifem, die mit Bienennestern

gesegneten Biiume zu fiillen. Daher sieht man sie so hiiufig als fast einzige

Zeugen der verschwundeuen Pracht aus der baumlosen Ebene emporragen. Einer

der bekanntesten Baume ist der schon erwilhnte " djohor "-Baum, dessen Kernholz

so hart ist, dass es viele Miihe erfordert, einen Nagel hiueinzutreiben. Wiihrend

man friiher gedankenlos tausende von Stammen verbrannte, pflanzt man sie nun

miihsam wieder an, oder liisst das Holz von aus warts kommeu. Selten scheint

in Deli der schone, oft beschriebene " Waringi "-Baum, eine Feigenart, Ficus

benjaminum. Hiiufig ist der rankende Kautschukbaum, Ficus elastica. Wegen

seiner weithin dufteuden gelben Bliithen ist ein andrer Waldbanm, Pterocarpus

indicus, der auch schones Holz liefert, beriihmt, wiihrend Lagerstroemia leginae

und Weiss nnd roth bliihende Wormien durch ihre Blumenpracht entziicken.

Von den Palmen finden wir die Kokospalme nur in der Nithe der Kiiste hiiufig

augepflanzt, dass sie aber nicht nur dort gedeiht, habe ich spiiter in Indien gesehen.

Die fiir den Eingeborenen unentbehrlichste Palmenart ist die rankende

Rottanpalme {Calamus spec), die sich namentlich auf snmpfigem Boden iiberall

massenhaft findet. Sie ist derart mit haarscharfen Stacheln bewehrt, dass ihre

Dickichte geradezu undurchdringlich sind, zumal die oft endlos langen, am Boden

hiiilaufeuden, oder hoch in die Kronen der Biiume kletternden Stilmme iiberaus

ziih sind. Diese Ziihigkeit freilich ist es, die sie zu den allerniitzlichsten Pflanzen

macht, denn sie liefern dem Malaien Seile, Schnure, Niigel, Schlingen zum Fangen

der Hirsche, Darmsaiten, und vieles andre mehr. In Enropa werden Rottans zu

Stuhlflechtcreien, leichten Mubclii, zum Priigelu der Jugend uud tausend andern

( 150 )

Saclien ulicrall lioniitzt. Fiir deu Europiier ist. iu Ooli eiiie imdre Palmeiiart voii

der gnissten Bedentnng, die sogenannte Atappalme, yipa fruticaus der Botaniker.

Es ist kein stolzei- Palmbanm, sondern ein niedriges, im ubeldnftenden Brackwasser-

schlamm sein Leben fristendes Gewiichs, aus dessen ziihen Bliitteni der berubmte

Ataj) gemaeht wird, der fast die alleiii iibliche Pacbbedeekung iiud anch vielfacb

die Wandbekleidiing der Gebiiude bildet. lu iieuester Zeit bat man eigeue

Maschinen in Arbeit, die aus dem verbassten Lalang Dacbbedecknngeu berstellen,

denn Deli kann den Bedarf an Atap nicht mehr deeken, nnd man mnss ihu von

der Malakka-Halbinsel, von den Miindnngen der Fltisse liarut, Beruara, Diuding

nnd Perak einfiibren. Ein gnt gearbeitetea Atapdacb bietct jabrclang vollkommenen

Schntz gegen Regen uud Sonne, ohue die Lnft ab/.nsperren. Man fiUilt sich

daher in Ataphaiisern in dem warmen Klima von Deli sehr wohl, und man kann

annelimeu, dass es ein dem Klima mehr angemessenes Hans, als ein snmatraniscbes

Pflauzerhaus, das immer 0 bis 10 Fuss hoch anf Pfiihlcn iiber dem Bodeu stoht,

nicht giebt.

Die nebensteheude Photographie stellt das frtthere Wohuhaus des Herrn Jnrtz

in Lankat dar. Vor dem Hanse hocken zwei tamilische Arbeiter, znr Liuken sieht

man den bengalischen Privat-Polizisten nnd den " sais," die Enropiier sind Herr

Jnrtz, meinc Wenigkeit nnd ein verstorbener Graf Stolberg.

Fiir die Battaks der Hochebene nnentbehrlich nnd anch (iberall in den DOrfern

der Malaien in der Deli-Ebene angepflauzt ist die Arengpalme oder Zuckerpalme,

Arenya sacchai-ifera. Ihre Heimatb sind die Berge von Sumatra, der Malakka-

halbinsel nnd Java. Dicse dnstere, dnnkelgriiiie Palme mit dem schwarzeu

Stamm nnd den wie Fetzeu nm ihn herumhiingenden Fasern liefert <len Battaks die

Dachbedeckung in (iestalt des langen "idjnk," der kohlschwarzen, pferdehaariihn-

lichen Blattscheidenfasern, einen kraftigen Palmwein, wohlschmeckenden brannen

Zncker, Znnder nnd Planken.

Das wichtigste aller zn Nahrnngszweckon gebanten Gewiichse ist der Reis,

der in nassen nnd trockenen Knltnren gedeilit. Er bildet das Hauptuahrnngs-

mittel aller Eingeborenen und Chinesen, and fehlt anch selten anf den Tafeln der

Enropaer, bei denen die aus einem malaiischen Gericht herangebildete hollitndisc.be

"Reistafel" mit ihren zahlreichen Zuthaten meist sehr beliebt ist.

Alle andern Nahrungsmittel sind dem Reis nntergeonlnet. Siisse Kartuft'elu

(Batatas edtdis), Yams {Dioscorea triphi/lla), Kaladi (Colocagia antiquoriim), Sesam

und manche andre Niihrmittelpflanzen werden nur in untergeordnetem Masse

gebaut. Eine grosse Rolle spieleu nattirlich die Bananen, die in vielen VarietJiten

gedeihen, von denen die kleine " Goldbauane '" (Pisang mas der Malaitn) nnd

die saftige " Milchbanane" (Pisang snsu), nebst der Pisang rajah serai, der

" Flirstenhofbanane," die schonsten sind. Von den iibrigen Friichten ist" wohl

die beriihmteste die Durian, Durio zibetluiius. Dieser wnnderbare Baum ist anf

die Malakkahalbinsel und die Snndainseln beschriinkt. Er wird (50 bis 80 Fnss

hoch. Die Frucht ist zum miudesten von der GWisse eines Meuschenkopfes und

mit einer dicken, dnnkelgriinen, mit harten scharfen Dornen bewehrten Rinde

nmgeben. Die etwa tanbeneigrossen Kerne sind von einer weichen Masse

eingeschlossen, die den essbaren Theil bilden.

Dicse Frucht verbreitet bekanntlich einen so schensslichen, halb aas- ball)

zwiebeliihnlichen Gerncli, dass es den Fremdeu Ueberwiudung kostet, sie zu

kosten. Sobald dies jedoch geschehen ist, entschiidigt der nnbeschreibliche,

liebliche uud dabei kriiftige Geschmack fiir alles, und die meisten, die einmal den

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anfilnglichen Ekel uberwundeii haben, werden ))ald regelmassige Durianesser, ja liei

den Malaien ist das Durianesseii geradezn eiue Li'ideiischart. Audi viele Thiere

sind auf Durian erpicht, FliigcichhOriicUeu, AfFeu, Elofauteu, besouders abei- Biireii

plundern die Biiume oder lesen die abgefallenen Friiohte vom Boden auf. Aiu'li

BiifFel, Schweiiie, ja sogar Hnnde uud Pferde liebeu die Frucht, uud die Malaien

erziihlen, dass der Tiger ihr emsig nacligebe. Von deu Wirknngen des (ieuusses

der Darian wird viel gefalielt. Nameutlicb wird behauptet, dass ihr Genuss den

Gescblechtstrieb in hohem Grade steigere, was icli aber f'iir grundlose Einbildung

halte. Aiicli dass man danach Hitze und sogar Fiebei- bekumme ist nicbt wahr.

Siolierlich wird man dnrcb iibermassiges Essen der Dnrian sich den Magen verderben

nnd allerlei Bescliwerdeu zuzieben kcinnen, man kann aber zweifellos sehr viel

davon ohne irgend welcbe scbadlicbe Wirkung geniessen.

Einer nugetheilteren Beliebtheit bei den Weissen erfreut sich die kiihle, saftige

Manggistan oder Mangostiu, Garcinia ma/iffostana, die auch in ihrem Aussehen

viel Liebliches hat. Die dnnkelrothe iSchaale eutbalt namlich einige vollkommen

schneeweisse Kerne, deren Umhiilluug man isst. Man kaun oline Schaden grosse

Massen dieser durststiilendeu, angenehmen Frucht geniessen.

Der Melonenbaum, Caricu papaj/a, triigt in Sumatra sehr wohlschmecke'nde

Friichte, die sich ebenfalls durcb ihre Harmlosigkeit auszeichnen, wiihrend die

beliebten Anauas nicbt von Jedermann vertragen werden. Die Papaya, die iibrigens

aus Siidamerika stammeu soil, ist nicbt allzuviel angebaut, aber filr den Zoologen

einigermasseu bemerkeuswerth. Die Friichte siud eiue beliebte Nahrnng der

bunten Bartvogel, Megalnenia mystacopkanes, des Calornis chalyheus und andrer

Fruchtfresser. Die lang her.ibbangenden Bluthen der miinulichen Biiume -die

weiblicben Bliithen stehen auf andern Individuen und sind ganz klein — werden

des Abends, in der kurzen Dammerstnnde, von den zahlreichen Arten der

Scbwarmer (^Sphingidae) besucht, die man dann mit einiger Geschicklichkeit

leicht abfangen kann.

Die eurojJtiischen Pflauzer begniigen sich fast au.ssebliesslich mit der Kultur

der Tabakstaude. Nur auf der Plantage St. Cyr, in den Vorbergen vou Deli,

wurden zur Zeit meines Aufenthaltes KafTee und Kakao, deren Ernte von Javanorn

besorgt wurde, mit Erfolg in griisserem Massstabe gebaut.

Einige Pflanzen ziehen vor alien anderen durcb ihr merkwiirdiges Aenssere

die Aufmerksamkeit auf sich. Da ist zuerst der wunderbare Amorphophallux, zur

Familie der Aroideen gehorend, zu erwiihnen. Er ist sehr hiiufig uud schiesst oft

plOtzlich, mit iiberrascbender Schuelligkeit an alien miiglichen Stellen empor. Das

einzige Blatt hat einen auifallend an eine Schlange erinueruden dicken Stengel.

Nach dem Absterbeu des Blattes erscheint die weissliche Bliithe, aus der sich der

grosse Fruchtkolben mit oft huuderten von rothen Beeren eutwickelt. An der

Bliithe nnd den Friichten lebt in Meuge ein kleiuer Kiifer, dessen Nameu ich leider

nicbt kenne. Der furchtbare, aasartige Geruch der Bliithe macht diese iuteressante

Pfianze mit Recht sehr unbeliebt. Merkwiirdiger Weise giebt es aueb einen Banm,

Saprosma arboreum, dessen Holz langere Zeit nach dem Fiillen einen ganz iihnlichen

Geruch eutwickelt. Pflanzer, die aus Versehen Balken davon zum Hauserbau

verwendet batten, miissen oft das halbe Haus wieder abbrecheu, um sich des

unertriiglichen Eindringlings zu entledigen.

Im ^V^llde wird'j das Auge durch malerische Farukriiuter nnd stattliclie

Palmfarue besonders entziickt. Ueberrascbend hiiutig siud stellenweise die

Becherpflauzeu, yepentln's, deren niedlielir kleine Kannen oft mit kleinen Ameiscn

( 152 )

nud Fliegen angeftiUt siuil. lu der Niibe der Kilste sielit man oft die kleiue

Mimosa puclica, die nach Hagen erst kttrzlich Eingang in Deli (and. Es sieht

inerkwiirdig ans, weuu man dnreh eine vou dieser cmpfindlichen Pflanze gebildete

Wicse hindurchschreitet und sicli Schritt fiir Schritt das Uelle Griin der Blatter

in granliches, wie von Raupen abgefressenes Gestruj)p verwandelt. Stundenlang

kann man so eine Spur verfolgen."

Abgesehen von furchtbaren Giftpflanzen, von denen eine so stark ist, dass eine

kleiue Mengc ilires Saftes geuiigt, nm gauze Flnssliiufe derart zn vergiften, dass

die Fische todt oder betiinbt an die Oberfliiche kommeu, gielit es anch mauche sonst

recht nuangeuehme Pflauze. Am bekauntesten ist davon wolil der an Flnssnfem

haufige " daun djelatang " der Malaieu, eine riesige Breunesselart, deren grosse,

einladeude Blatter furcliterlich breuneu und in unrcchter Weise verwandt den

Ungliicklichen, der sieli ihrer bedieute, tagelang in den heftigsteu Schmerzeu

auf das Lager werfen, ol)Wobl ilie Folgen schliesslicb ungefiihrlich sind. Eiue andre

heftig brenuende Urticacee, die ich jedoch nicht keunen lernte, ist nacli Hageu

Oreocnide sylvatica, deren Stiche dnrch die Beinkleider durcbdringen. Furcbtbare

Wunden kann man sicb an deu Rotanpalmen und deu im Sumpfe wacbsenden

Pamlanus zuzieben, nud die gerade in Augeubiibe endeuden scbarfeu Spitzen des

Lalanggrases kimnen unangenehme Angenverletzungeu verursacbeu.

Die mensebliebeu Bewobuer der Tiefliinder von Deli waren zur Zeit der

Besitzergreifung durcb die Holliinder— welebe zwar nomiuell ganz Sumatra

besitzeu, in der Tbat aber nur etwas mebr als die Hiilt'te beberrscben— reine Blalaieu,

uur bier nud dort fanden sicb vorgescbobeue Fostcn der wilden Battaks, welebe die

Hocbliiuder bewobuen. Das in mannigfacber Hinsicbt besonders interessante Volk

der Battaks (vou den Hollilndern Battaker geuauut) bat den Etbuologen zu allerhand

Erorterungeu iiber ibren Ursprung Veranlassuiig gegebeu. Naob Scbudelverglei-

chungeu uud nacb dem aussern Ansehen und deu Gewobubeiteu der vou mir

gesebeuen Battaks muss ich annebmen, dass die Battaks trotz alledem Malaien

sind, freilicb von deuen der Ebeue sebr verscbiedene. Ibre Spraebe nnd Scbrift

sind ganz eigenartig, die erst(ire aber bat aucb fur deu Uukuudigeu viele offeubare

Aukliiuge an das Malaiiscbe. Icb balte es fur wabrsebeinlicb, dass die Battaks

die eigeutlicben, friiber ans den Ebeneu durcb die erobernden Malaien zurtick-

getriebenen Ureinwobuer vou Sumatra sind.

Die Battaks sind Heiden, vou einer Religion kann kaum die Rede sein,

regellos uud obue System sind ibre Begrifle von tiberirdiscben Dingen uud ibren

Gottern. Sie glaubeu an eiueu Gott, Scbopfer der Welt, desseu Sobne mit zabl-

reichem Gefolge nud Gebulfen die Welt regiereu. Brenner {Besuch bet den

Kanrtihalen Sumatras p. 217) erzablt die wnnderbare Scbopfnngsgescbicbte der

Battaks. Die Gurus sind uicbt eigentlicb Friester, soudern Zauberer, die mit den

Geistern und Guttern in Verkebr steben.

Dass die Battaks— wenigstens ein Tbeil derselbou— bei uicbt allzu sclteuen

Gelegenbeiten Menscbenfleiscb geniessen, ist eine langst bekannte Thatsacbe, iiber

die am eingebendsten wobl Juugbubu berichtet bat, uud woriiber neuerdings von

Herru G. Meissner (siebe Brenuer, Besuch bei dim Kaniiibalen Sumatras p. 210,

u.a.) Erbebungen augestellt bat. Nacb Juugbubu bat die uocb heute bestehende

Anthropophagie erst nach 1160 bei den Battaks begonncn.

Ein besoudere Eigentbiimlicbkeit bei den Battaks ist das Senden der sogenannten

Brandbriefe. Weuu ihueu ein vcrmeintlicbes Unrecht zugeftigt ist, legen sie vor

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der Thiir des Beleidigers einen Brief niederj in dem ihre Klage genannt, nnd

im Falle der Nichtbefiiedigung eine Droliung hinzugefiigt wird. Nach ihrem

Stammesgesetz siud sie berechtigt, wenn von iiirem Briefe keine Notiz genommen

wird, zu Brandstiftung nnd Mord zn schreiten. Diese SiUe artet uatiirlich oft

ans, nnd sie ist den Planzern der Deli-Ebene nur allzu bekannt. Brenner theilt die

Uebersetzung eines solchen Brandbriefes mit, die folgendermassen lantet :

'' Diesen Brief bange ich anf, sagt Si Mada, denn der Reis-Preis ist mir nicht

gezahlt. Der Tandil Mandeling Si Rodach von nns gebeten beschimpfte nnsre

Mutter, nnd nnser Preis, ein Hnhn, wnrde dennoch nicht gezahlt. Wenn der

Reis-Preis, den wir, die Beschimpften, forderu, von dem Tandil Mandeling, der

beim Vorubergehen auch Battakmiidchen beruhrt nnd betrogen, nicht gezahlt wird,

nnd er nicht entlassen wird, so brenne ich Scheunen nieder nnd morde Menschen.

" Meine Heimath ist schwebend in den Bergen, mein Name ist Habicht, mein

Vater der Nachtaffe in den Bergen.

" Der Herzensgekrankte."

Eiuen eigenthiimlichen, dusteren Eindruck machen die Battakddrfer dnrch die

gewaltig hohen Hiluser nnd die dnuklen Arengpalmen. Die merkwiirdige Banart

der Hiiuser veranschaulich beifolgende Photographic eines Battakdorfes im oberen

Deli. AUe Hitnser stehen anf Pfiihlen iiber dem Boden, und sind in mancher

Hinsicht sehr praktisch gebant, nur wird fiir den Abzng des Ranches, wie bei .so

vieleu Vcilkern, z.B. anch in Afrika nnd Assam, keinerlei Vorrichtung getrott'en.

Die friiher anch die ganze Ktistenebene von Deli bewohnenden Battaks wnrden

von den ans andern Theilen Snmatras nnd von der Malakka-Halbinsel eindringenden

Malaien vertrieben nnd zogen sich anf die Berge znriick. Dnrch die Besitzer-

greifnng dnrch die Hollander wnrde diesen Unrnheu ein Ziel gesetzt. Jetzt bilden

anch die Malaien nicht mehr den zahlreichsten und anch nicht mehr den

wichtigsten Theil der Bevolkerung. Fast das ganze Land haben enropiiische

Pflanzer dnrch von der Regiernng geregelte und bestiitigte Koutrakte in Kauf

oder in Pacht (meist anf 99 Jahre) erworben. Die Malaien fiihren ein ziemlich

sorgenfreies Leben voller Nichtsthun nnd sind znr Arbeit nur wenig zu gebrauchen.

HOchstens als Ladeninhaber, Bootslente und Vermiether und Lenker kleiner

h<)lzerner Wagen, der " Kreta sewahs," in denen eigentlich nur ein Mensch

ordentlich sitzen kann, erweisen sie sich einigermassen nutzlich. Die Pflanzer,

die znr Waldvernichtnng, wie znm Pflanzen, Ernten und Zurechtmachen des

Tabaks eine grosse Anzahl kraftiger nnd fieissiger Arbeiter gebranchten, verfielen

natiirlich bald anf die lenksamen nnd bei Aussicht anf Gewinn rastlos thatigen

Chinesen. Diese bilden jetzt den weitaus grossten Theil der Bevolkerung von

Deli. Diese sogenannten " Knlis " werden entweder in Penang oder Singapore

gekauft, oder direkt von China eingefiihrt. Wenn ich sage gekauft, so geschieht

das mit Absicht. Der Kuli geht fiir eine bestimmte Summe in den Besitz des

Pflanzers fiber. Er ist zwar nicht dauerndes Eigenthum, nicht Sklave des

Pflanzers, befindet sich aber gewissermassen in Schuldhaft, indem der Kuli

das fur ihn veransgabte Geld abarbeiten mass, ehe er wieder sein eigener

Herr ist. Das holliindische Kolonialgesetz hat verniinftiger Weise die Regelnng

dieses eigenartigen Verhiiltnisses in die Hand genommen. Sie gestattet dem

Pflanzer nicht, den Kuli liinger als eine gewisse Anzahl von Jahren gegen seinen

Willen zu halten. Als ich dort weilte, war das Maximum glaube ich drei Jahre.

( 154 )

Der Pflaazer darf dem Kuli anch iiioUt melir als 30 Dollar von em fiir iliii

gezahlten Preise als Schnld aiirechuen. Diese Schuld vergrOssert sich abcr

bedentend durch die nothwendigerweise erfolgeudeu Vorschiisse fiir Kleidung,

Bettstellen, Nahrung uud andre Bedurfnisse, da die Lente fast immer ohne irgend

welches Geld ankommeu. Alle diese Preise bestimmt der Pflanzer selbst. Ansserdeiu

sind die Knlis auf den abgelegeuereii Farmeu oder " Estates," wie man iu Deli

sagt, darauf angewiesen alles von ihren Herren zn kanfen, die fiir die mitliigou

Liiden, die sie meist vermietlien, sorgen. Die Knlis sind eine /.nsammengewiirfelte

Gesellschaft, der Ansscbuss des cbinesischen Reiches. Um anderswo sofort zn

verdieuen, desertiereii sie gern, wenn sie recbt tief iu der Seluild ihres Herrn steben.

Sie warden dann verfolgt nnd meist wieder eingefangeu. Die Bebnrde scbreibt

zwar vor, solche Desertenre dem niichsten Polizeiamt znr Bestrafniig zn ubergeben,

abor dies geschah anf den abgelegenen Pflauznngen zu meiuer Zeit uicht immer,

wo man gezwungen ist, sich selbst zu belfen, da der Arm der Bebtirden nnr knrz

ist. Dass es daun bei den Bestrafnngen nicht gorade milde zngeht, liegt anf

der Hand. Oft sind die Zucbtignngen hart nnd gransam, alier die Siihue des

himmliscbeu Reiches werden daheim aucb nicht mit Sammetpfotcben angefasst,

nnd man mnss es geseben baben, mit welch cyniscbem Gleicbmnth sie Scbmerz

nnd Scbande ertragen, nnd man mnss ihre niedrigen (iesinnnngen erkannt baben,

nm einzuselien, das nur Strenge bei ibnen etwas ansrichtet.

Von cbronisch fanleu oder dnrch Laster entkrafteten ludividneu, den

sogeuanuteu Stiinkern, abgeseben ist der chinesische Knli ein ausserordentlicher

Arbeiter. Bei dem praktiscben System, bei welcbem ibm die von ibm gezogenen

Pflanzen einzeln nach der Qnalitiit der Blatter bezablt werden, ist ein fleissiger

Arbeiter im Stande sich bisweilen schon nach eiuem, meist aber im zweiten Jabre

ans seiner Sebnld beraus zn arbeiten, nnd dann ziemlicb gnt baar zn verdienen.

Ein grosser Tlieil der Knlis indessen frohnt dem Opinmraucben nnd dem Spiel

mit wiister Leidcnscbaft nnd begiebt sich anf diese \Veise immer wieder in die

Schuld der Pflanzer. Dies ist letzteren natiirlicb sebr willkommen, denn nicht

selten sind die iirgsten Spieler sonst gate Arbeiter. Opinmraucben nnd Spielhauser

sind diesen f'hinesen Bediirfniss. Die hollandiscbe Regieruug hat daber deu

Opinm-haudel nnd die SpielboUen mouopolisiert. Die Verpachtnng der letzteren

an chinesische Unternehmer bringt der Regiernng enorrae Snmmen ein, deren

unglanblicbe Ilohe man in den im " Deli-Conraut," der in Medan erscbeinenden

Zeitnug, bekaunt gemachteu Zablen bewundern kann. Neben dem Opinmraucben

nnd der Spielsucht buldigen die C'hiueseu, deneu das Mitbringen von Franen

unmOglicb ist, anch den verachtlichsten geschlechtlichen Verirruugi-n.

Ausser den Chinesen, die tiberall die Hanptmasse der Arbeiter nnd Dienstboten

ausmacbeu, werden aber noch viele andre Arbeiter verwandt. Mit der Pflege

der Bnckelrinder, die als Zngthiere von grosser Wicbtigkeit sind, sind fast

ausscbliesslicb Tamilen von der sudindiscben Halbiusel betrant. Sie sind anch

bier uuter dem Namen " Kliugs '" bekannt, ein Name der von Kalinga abgeleitet

wird. So maleriscb sie anch ausseheu, uud so hiibsch ihre jnugen Miidcbeu audi

sind, scheineu sie doch zu wenig Arbeiten tanglicb zu sein, nnd sind meist arge

Scbnapstriuker. Als Zimmerleute nnd fiir die Knltur von Kalfee, Kakao nnd

Pfeii'er werden nnr Javaner, hiinfig von der uordlicb von Java liegeuden kleineu

Insel Madura herstammeud, benutzt. Javanerinnen sind es anch meistcns, die deu

in der Regel nnnverbeiratbeten Pflanzern als " nyais " dienen, d.h. zugleich als

Hansbiilterinnen nnd an Stelle der Frau. Es scheint, das sie meist treue und

( 135 )

zuverlassige Persoriclieii siud, und icb will sie gewiss uicht vernnglimpfen, aber

fur die vou deu Holliinderu so oft gepriesene Schonheit derselben babe ich micb

nie begeistern kimnen. Uiiter maucbeii indischen Volkern, uamentlicb deneu im

Sliden von Vorderindien, und im Innern Afrikas, bei den Fulbe und Haussa, sieht

man jedenfalls viel mehr fiir den enropiiiscben (Jeschmack schone Gesicbter. Zu

Erdarl)eiteii finden vielfach kleine Trnpps von Gajns und Alias aus den so gut wie

nnabbiingigeii, wenig bekannten Bergen zwiscben Deli und Atjcli Bescbiiftigung.

Diese Leute sind offenbar von den eingewanderten Ueli-Malaien und den Battaks

verschiedeu in Aussehen nnd Sprache. Sie werden meist veracbtet und gelten als

scbmutzig und nnmoralisch. Beim Scbeunenbau und Waldkappen sind bier und

da Eingeborene von der Westkuste der Insel, meist von Benkulen, seltener Battaks

bescbiiftigt. Als Privatpolizisten, den sogenannten " ojipass," die uamentlicb nacbts

die Hiinser und Tabaksscheunen bewacben und gelegentlicb Ausreisser fangen und

transjiortieren miissen, finden Indier, Bengalesen und Punjabis Anstellung. Diese

hocbgewesaohseneu Gestalten mit ibren biirtigen Gesicbtern und martialiscben

Turbanen macben bier einen ganz fremdartigen Eiudruck. In der Tbat balten sie

sich aucb von den von ibnen veracbtetcn Cbinesen und Landeseingeboreuen fern,

und verseben ibr Amt, vou gelegentlicben kleinen Rohbeiten abgeseben, mit grosser

Pflicbttrene. Unter den Enropaern waren zu meiner Zeit Hollander und Deutscbe

am meisten vertreten, die letzteren fast in der gleicben Anzabl. Nacbstdem kamen

Engliiuder, Scbotten und Iren, dann Scbweizer, Skandinavier, Danen, Franzosen.

Sudeuropaer babe ich nicbt gesehen.

Dass ein so reich bewachsenes Land aucb eine gewaltige Thierwelt beberbergt,

liegt anf der Hand. Die Siiugetbiere sind fast so zahlreich vertreten, wie auf dem

nahen Festlaude, und man hat bei ibrer Betracbtuug durcbaus nicbt den Eiudruck,

sich auf einer Insel zu betindeu. An Reicbtbum seiner Siiugetbiere diirfte Sumatra

bei vollstiiudiger Durchforscbung selbst Borneo, und ganz erbeblich Java iibertreifen.

Um dies zu bekriiftigeu geniigt es alleiii, den Elefanten zu nenuen, deu Sumatra

mit dem Festlaude gemein hat.

Sumatra ist die einzige Insel des malaiischen Archipels, auf der der Elefaut

vorkommt. Dr. Hagen sagt in seiner beriibrnten Arbeits iiber die Thierwelt von

Deli, dass der dortige Elefaut " derselben Art zugehOrt, welche uoch auf Borneo und

Ceylon vorkommt." Diese Mittheilung beruht auf falschen Angaben. Zuniichst

feblt der Elefant iiberbaupt trotz alien gegentbeiligen Angaben ganz auf Borneo

(und Java). Dann gebiirt der sumatranische Elefant, der als Elcpkas indicus

sumatramts zu bezeichnen ist, der kleinen Subspecies an, die aiich die Malakka-

halbinsel hewohnt, und sich, wie es scheint* nOrdlich bis nach Burma erstreckt,

wahreud dagegen der Elefant von Ceylon der grosseu indischen Uutera'rt zugehiirt.

Allerdings sind die jetzt auf Ceylon, wo der Elefant sehr zuruckgedrangt und

anf die grossen Wiilder der Nordeus der Insel bescbriinkt ist, uoch lebenden

Thiere wohl etwas degeneriert, und nicbt mehr so gross, wie sie fruher dort waren.

Aucb auf Sumatra ist der Elefant jetzt nicht mehr biinfig, und es scheinen uur

weuige Heerden zu sein, welche die Ostliche Ebene durchziehen. Ich selbst babe

nur in Serdang einen dort gefangeneu lebenden, zahmen Elefanten gesehen, dessen

Photographie die nebenstehende Tafel zeigt. Ebenfalls in Serdang sah icb ihre

ZerstOrungeu in einer Kakaopflanznng, wo sie allerlei Unfug vertibt batten, und

an alten Tabaksscheunen, aber eine zweitagige Wanderung und nachtlicher Anstand

• Miindlichen Mittlieilungen des Forstbeamten Hauxwell uud Anderer zufolge.

( 156 )

verschaffteu mir uicht das Gliick, sie iin Freien zu seheu. Hageii hat uoch

viele gesehen und augeschossen, und dnrch seine Jiiger iiber ein Dntzend, zwei

(lavoii (jnuge) lebend erhalteu. Er giebt eine praclitvolle Schilderung vou der

Lebensweise nnd Jagd des Elefanten in Sumatra. Jagdlicli interossant ist seine

Jlittheilnng, dass einer seiner Jiiger anf zebu Schrittc anf eineu Elefanten schoss

und dass die Kugel der Biichsflinte, Kaliber 12, anf der Stiin eindraug und zum

Hinterkopfe wieder heraus fnhr. Nutzbar wird der Elefant in Sumatra nicbt

gemacht, was umsomehr zu verwundern und zu bedauern ist, als er in dem naben

Burma, in Siam und sogar in der Malakkahalbiusel eine bedcntende Kolle als

Haustbier spielt. Sie pflanzen sich dort audi sebr hiinfig in der Gefangenscbafc

fort, wiihrenddies in Lidien zu den gnissten Seltenlieiten gcbort.

Keineswegs ganz selten in den ebenen Waldern von ganz Nordostsumatra

scheint das kleine sumatranische zweihornige Nashorn, Oict'rorki/ius sumatren.vs,

zu sein. Ich bin ihm einmal im Walde in Serdang begegnet, wo icb auf der

Kiii'iTJagd ein vermutblicb erwachsenes Individnnm uufstiiberte, das ganz gemutblich

davon trabte. Die kleine sumatranische Nashornart ist anscheinend dieselbe, die

auch die Malakkahalbiusel und anscheinend auch Borneo bewohnt, wiihrend sie in

Burma durch die pinselohrige Unterart, Dicerorhi7ius siimatrensis las/otis, vertreten

wird. Diesc Form erstreckt sich ansclieinend uach Siam hiiiein nud iiber Burmali

niirdlich bis Assam, so wie sehr selten ist.

Noch ein andrer " Dickhiiuter " kommt in der Provinz Serdang vor, uiimlich

der Schabrakentapir, Tapirus indicvs, der ebenfalls auch Malakka, bis in das sUdlicbe

Tenasserim hinanf, bewohnt. Dies Thier ist aber so selten, dass ich nicht einmal

einen Europiier gesprochen habe, der das Thier selbst gesehen hat, gcschweige deun

selber ihm begegnet bin.

Eines der hiinfigsten grossen Jagdthiere Sumatra's ist das wilde Sehwein, Siis

vittatus. Es bewohnt sowohl den Wald, als auch die ansgedehnten Lalangfelder

in grosser Anzahl und thnt in den Pflanzungen, namentlich den Heisfeldern nnd

Bauanengiirten der Eingeborenen viel Schaden. Es wird meist auf dem Austande

geschossen, gelegentlich auch getrieben,doch thutdie wenig jagdliebende europiiische

Bevcdkerung ihm nicht viel Abbruch. Die Malaien riihren kein Wildschwein an,

wiihrend viele Hindus, z.B. in Rajputaua, die sicli mit Abscheu vom zahraen

Schwcin wendeu, das Fleisch der Wildeber essen. In der Lebensweise stimmt dies

Sehwein ganz mit den Wildschweineu andrer Lander iiberein. Die Verbreitung

von Sus vittatus und den verwandten Arten scheint sehr eigenthumlich zu sein,

docb ist anzunehmen, dass wir uicht geniigond dariiber unterrichtet sind. Nach

dem Kataloge von Trouessart kommt Sus cittatus auf Java, Sumatra, Banka und

Flores (?!) vor, wiihrend es auf Borneo sicherlich durch Sus barbatus vertreten wird.

Was aber kommt nun auf der Malakkahalbiusel vor? Nach Blanford erstreckt

sich das indische Wildschwein bis nach Tenasserim und den Mergui Inseln,

Trouessart zieht aber auch iiltere Angaben (unter dem zweifellos uurichtigen Namcn

Sus scrofu *) iiber ein Wildschwein von Singapore nnd Penang zu Sus barbatus.

Es scheint dariiber an neueren eingehenden Untersnchungen zu fehlen, welches

Sehwein die Malakkahalbiusel bewohnt. Bei der grossen Verwandtschaft der

Siiugethicrfauneu von Ostsumatra und Malakka ist es ebensowohl miiglich, dass

das Malakkaschwein Sus vittatus ist, a-ls Sus barbatus, ja os kann eine von beiden

Arten verschiedene, noch unbenannte Form sein.

• Sus scrnfa kommt im eigentlichen Indien nicht vor, sondern ist nur bis Yarkand, Afghanistan und

Belut«chistan verbreitet.

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f 157 )

Das gnisste Raubtbier niichst clem Tiger ist natiirlich der Biir, L'rstts malaijanus

Rafl3., der eine weite Verbreitung hat. Anch dieser kiibne Recke ist aus den

bebauten Gegenden verscliwnnden, und nnr uoch in den Waldgebieten zn finden.

Trotz mehrfachen Austandes bei Kokos])almen, an denea die unverkennbaren

Spnren seines Besuches zn sehen waren, die etwa so anssaheu wie die vou den

Klettereisen znriickgelassenen, mit denen wir die von Horstbiinme der RanbvOgel

in Ostprenssen erstiegen, bin ich nicht mit dem Baren im Freien znsammen-

getroffen. Viel Vergnugen bereitete mir ein zahmer Biir, den im Bekannter besass.

Er war ein iinsserst komischer kleiner Geselle, wnrde aber bald so frecb, dass man

sicli seiner nur mit Miihe erwebren kounte. Er zerriss einem die Hosen, zog die

Tischdecke vom Esstisch hernnter, erkletterte die Betteu, um darin nach Bananen

zu suchen, und wurde allmalig so grob, dass man ihn trotz seiner guten und

interessanten Eigenschafteu nicht mehr dnlden konnte. Nnr der malaiischen

Haushitlterin, die ihn mit der Flasche grossgezogen, und in deren Bett er die

ersten Jugendtraume vertraumt hatte, folgte er noch. Nach Hagen und dem

tibereinstimmenden Urtheil aller Fflanzer ist es immer dasselbe mit den jungen

Biiren : sie sind die Lielilinge eines Jeden solange sie jung und harmlos siud,

konnen aber nicht mehr geduldet werden soliald sie alter, frecher und gefiihrlich

werden. Sie werden, dann entweder getOdtet oder nach Enropa gcsandt, oder

verwandeln sich in wiithende, unnahbare Kiifigthiere.

Viel hiiufiger als der Biir ist ilberall, und zwar auch noch in den fast waldlosen

Lalangwiisten, der Tiger, nnd zwar die malaiische Form, Felis tigris sonda'icus.

Auch die Verbreitung dieser Tigerform ist nicht geniigend bekannt, obwohl sie sich

anscheinend ganz wohl vom indischen Konigstiger unterscheidet, wie ja auch die

persische nnd mongolische, licht- und langhaarige Form. Auf Borneo, sowie anf

(Jej'lou, fehlt der Tiger ganz. Die von Java, Sumatra und Bali <;ehoren zu der iusu-

laren Subspecies, ich glaube aber, dass auch die der Malakkahalbinsel dazu geliiiren.

Der Tiger ist auch in Sumatra, wie in Indien nnd anderwiirts, im allgemeiuen

ein feiges Thier, das den Menschen iingstlich flieht. Nur einzelne Individuen sind

es, die aus Hunger, oder so zu sagen aus Versehen, einmal einen schlafenden,

oder doch liegenden oder hockenden Menschen, der ihnen keine Furcht einflcisste,

gefressen haben, dann aber manchmal zu regelmiissigen Menschenfressern werden.

Sicherlich fallen ibnen fast nur Eingeborene, die im Walde schlafen oder hocken,

zum Opfer, aber Fillle, dass aufrecht gehende oder stehende Leute angegrifl'en

wurden sind ebenfiills bekannt geworden, ja es ist vorgekommen, dass ein berittener

Eiiropiier von einem Tiger laufend verfolgt wurde. Solche Verfolgungen kommen

auch bei andern Opfern vor, sind aber sehr selteu, denu in der Regel schleicht

der Tiger sich nahe an seine Beute heran, die er dann mit einem kurzen Anlauf

erreicht, bei dem er selten die Hinterfiisse spruugartig vom Boden erhebt, und

entweder bei.ist oder durch den Tatzensclilag tOdtet.

In Deli werden Tiger fast nie geschossen, soudern in Fallen gefangen.

Sonstige katzenartige Thiere siud nicht gerade hiinfig in Deli. Schwarze

Leoparden (und wenn diese vorkommen doch wohl sicher anch branne I) sollen

vagen Behaiiptnngen nach vorkommen, aber weder Hagen noch ich haben ein

Exemplar gesehen, Hagen jedoch hatte einen Freund, " der einem schwarzen

Panther begegnet war."

Felis macroscelis scheint regelmiissig vorzukommen. Von Felis planiceps

erhielt Hagen mehrere Stiicke, wiihrend Felis minuta, von der ich auch einmal

Jungs erhielt, nach Hagen hauiig ist.

( 158 )

Der " Miisan^," Parnfloxuruit hernuiphrodi/ta {= musanga), ist sehr gemein.

mid eiii gefiirchteter Hiilmerdieb, withrcnd P. leucom>jstax von Hagen nur iin

(Jelnrge beobachtet wurde. Hageu fiihrt ausserdprn von Ranbthieren noch an :

Arctogalr leucfltis (= stigmatica) (ein Stiick), Hemignlns hfirchcic.ltei (= derbijand)^

(" in Serdang nicht selten " — von mir anch bei Bindjey gefangen), Arctitis binturong

(nicbt sicher festgestellt, aber bekannt als Bewohner von Sumatra), Ilerpestes

jacaiiicus und bmr/ii/unts, Piitoriiis nudipes, Cynogah' brnnelli, Lutra cinerea

(= h'ptom/x).

Mi/daus meliceps wurde Herrn Dr. Hagen eiuuial gcbracht. Mir wurde von

verschiedenen, einander uubekannten Europiiern eine unklare Geschichte erziihlt von

einem fischotterartigen, im Wasser lebenden Thier, das eine entcnschnabelartige,

verliingerte Schnauze habe. Trotz vieler spaterer Korrespondenz gelang es mir

nicht, ein solohes Thier zu erhalteu. Vielleicht handelte es sich um Mi/daus 'i

Die merkwiirdigen Banmspitzmiiuse, Tupaia, sind nicht selten. Ich habe

mehrere Arten des I'ifteren erlegt. Hagen erwahnt Tupaia Javanica, tana iind

ferruginea. Genaue Vergleichnngeu wiiren erwiinscht, da die Formen der Tiipaia-

Arten sehr lokal zii sein scheinen. (Vergl. Thomas und Hartert iiber die .Saugethiere

der Natuna Insehi in Nov. Zool. 1894, p. 656, 18fi5, p. 49(1.)

Es ist bekannt, dass die Tupaia-Arten iiusserlich, mit Ausnahme des liingeren

Kopfes, den Eichhornchen anfFallend iihneln, und ich kaun versichern, dass man

im Gezweig der hohen Biiume oft nicht unterscheiden kann, ab man eine Tupaia

oder ein Eichhciruchen vor sich hat. Erstere jedoch scheinen niederes Gebusch zu

bevorzngen und haben nach Hageu eine andre Stimme. Die Malaien nennen alles

" Tnpai," worans der Gattungsname Tupaia entstanden ist.

Hagen erhielt auch einmal den seltenen Ptilocercus lowi. Eine nicht seltene

echte Spitzmans ist nicht genan licstimmt worden. Es diirfte eine Crocidura sein.

Manis ja^vanica kommt vor, ist aber selten.

Zahlreich sind die Nagethiere vertreten. Von echten Eichhornchen nenat

Hagen Sciurus notatus, tenuis, prerosti, hicolor und albiceps. Mit Bezug anf die

letzten beiden wiire ein genaneres Studium erforderlich gewesen. Beide Namen

sind synonym oder konnten hochstens als geographische Vertreter, Subspecies einer

Art angesehen werden und kommen nicht zusammen vor. Diese Eichhornchen

sind sehr zn lokaler Variation geneigt, deren Studium aber durch die individuelle

Vielfiirbia-keit manchmal sehr ersrhwert wird. Aui' den nahe beieinander liegenden

Natnna Inseln konnten Thomas und ich zwei Subspecies feststellen (Nov. Zool.,

1895, p. 491). Die von Bunguran nannten wir Sciums bicolor bunguranensis, die

von Pulu-Laut S. b. nanogigas. Neuerdings hat Bonhote {Ann. ^ Mag. Sat. Hist.

V. [Ser. VII.] 1900, p. 490) den Ricseneichhcirnchen bcsondre Anfmerksamkeit

geschenkt. Er erkennt 4 Arten in 10 Unterarten an :

1. Ratuja * gigantea — Himalaya bis Maliikkahalbinsel.

2. R. bicolor — Java, Sumatra, Malakkahalbinsel, ? Borneo.

3. R; ay^i'>«s— Siidlicher Theil der Malakkahalbinsel.

4. R. epiiippium — Borneo und Natunas.

Die sumatranische Form wiirde also typiscbe bicolor sein, wiihrend nnsre

Natnnaformen, von denen er drei, namlieh R. ephippium bunguranensis von Bunguran,

R. e. nanogigas von Pulu Laut und R. e. sirhassenensis von Sirhassen nnterscheidet,

zu ephippium und nicht zu bicolor gehtiren wtirden.

• Dies ist die subgcnerische Bezeichnang. die Bonhote fiir sie Rieseneichhormhen anwendet.

( 159 ^

Diis g'l'osse Fingeichliorii, Pteromi/s nitidus, ist iu baumreichen Gegeiideu

nicht selteu. Es gehort zu den iiiteressantesten Anblickeii, dieses grosse Thier

in der Dixmmermig rnckweisc an eiiiem Stamme hinaufklettern, und dann wie ein

Fallscliirm zu einem andern Stainme hinscbweben zu sehen. Anf diese Weise habe

ich sie etwa 30 bis 40 Schritte weit dureli die Lnfr gleiten sehen.

Die beiden von Hagen entdeckten kleinen Flngeichhcirncben Sciinvjjft'rus

hageni und platyurus babe ich nicht beobachtet.

Die grosse Grabratte Rhizomys dekan mit einem furchtbaren Gebiss ist selten.

Die eingeschleppten enropiiischen Wanderratten nud Hansmiiuse wevden wie

iiberall in den Hafeuorten und auderwiirts liistig, uameutlich die erstere. Vou

Stachelschweineu kommen 2 Arteu, Acanthion miilleri nudjai-anicum vor.

Von Flederraiiusen kommen ziemlich viele Arten vor. Interessant ist vor

allem der grosse " fliegeude Hnnd," Pteropas edulis, oder eine nahe verwandte

Form. Er zielit in langeu, laugen Fliigen vou seinen gemeinsamen Selilafbiiumen

abends dahin wo ihm mit Friichteu oder Bliithen beladene Biiumo winken, an

denen er oft betritchtlichen Schaden anrichtet.

Eine andre Art frnchtfressender Fledermans schoss ich bei St. Cyr iu Ober-

Deli. Sie war ganz naclct und von schwarzer Farbe. Im hohen Grase konnte

ich sie nicht seheu, doch fiihrte mich ihr penetranter moschusartiger Geruch leicht

zu ihr hin. Der Balg wurde leider vor meiuer Heimkehr mit vielen andern von

mir gesammelten Siingethierbiilgen versehentlich einem Handler zum Verkauf

tibergeben und war mir daher nicht mehr zum Studium zugiinglich, sodass ich

deu Nameu nicht erniereu kann.

Vier Hirscliarteu sind bekannt, n;imlich Rusa (oder Germs) aristotelis equinus,

der grosse, den indischen Sambarhirsch vertreteude Hirsch, Cerculus muntjac,

der Kidjang der Malayen, seines gebelliihnlichen Brunftschreies wegen iu ludien

■' the barking deer," genanut, und die wiuzigeii, nur etwa haseugrosseu Traijulns

kanchil und T. iiapu.

Eine hervorrageude Rolle spielen im Thierleben von Sumatra die auch in Deli

reichlich vertretenen AfFeu.

Am bekanntesten ist natiirlich der Orang-utan. Er bewohnt ni(r die ostlichen

Theile von Sumatra, niemals die Westseite des Gebirges, tiberhaupt ist er keiu

Gebirgsthier. Ein augeblich " aus dem Inuern von Padang " nach Holland

gelangtes Stiick stammt sicherlich ebeufalls von der Ostseite des Gebirges. Die

snmatranische Form des Orang-utan, Simia sati/rus abelii, ist neneren Ansichten

nach vom borneensischen Simia satynis sati/nis als Unterart zu trenuen, doch sind

die Uuterschiede geringfiigiger Natur und noch nicht sicher festgestellt. In Langkat

scheint der Oraug-ntan noch ziemlich hiiufig zu seiu. Ich bin dem " Mawas '"

nicht im Freieu begegnet, sah aber im Hanse von Pflanzern zweimal lebende Stiicke,

von denen einer sehr intelligent und interessant war. Hagen erziihlt allerlei

Amtisantes vom Mawas.

Der bemerkeuswertheste von den Affen vou Deli ist der " Siamang," llylobates

syndactylus. Er ist auf Sumatra beschriinkt, wo er die Walder der Ost- nnd

Westseite bewohnt. In den Wiilderu ist er noch hiiufig, wo aber der Wald

veruichtet ist, da ist auch dieser ausgesprochenste Banmaife verschwundeu. Ich

habe viele gesehen, und namentlich bei St. Cyr, in Serdang und Langkat

hallten oi't die Walder von ihrem furchtbaren Geheul wieder. Dieses unglaubliche

Schreien, dessen tiefe Tone beide Geschlechter durch den aufgeblasenen Kehlsack

verstarken, kann man sicherlich eine halbe Meile weit noch anf das dentlichste

( 160 )

linren, ja Hajjeii will sie auf der Toba-Hochebeno " Uber 10 Kilometer" weit

gehort haben ! Es diirfte wohl schwer sein, letzteros zii beweiseu, aber jedeufalls

ist Hagen's Schildernng vom Leben des " imbau " eine hervdrragende. " Ver-

bliiflend" nennt dieser Beobacbter mit Recbt die Geschwindigkeit, mit welcher

der Siamang sich dnrch den Wald, allein die langen Vorderarme gebrauchend,

dahinschwingt. Wiihrend der " ( 'oncerte " sitzt eine Familie dieser Affeu rnhig,

und theilweise weithin sichtbar, auf den Baumiironeu, aber eiu Schnss oder eine