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320
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE.
Vol. XII., 1905.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE
H Journal of ZooloQ"^
IN CONNECTION WITH THE TRING MUSEUM.
EDITED BY
The Hon. WALTER EOTHSCHILD, Ph.D.,
Dr. ERNST HARTERT, and Db. K. JORDAN.
Vol. XII., 1905.
(WITH FOURTEEN PLATES.)
Issued at the ZoouxiicAL Museum, Thing.
PRINTED PY HAZEI,L, WAT.SON k VINEY, Ln., LONDON AND AYLESBURY.
190.5.
CONTENTS OF VOLUME XII. (1905).
MAMMALIA.
PAGES
1. List of the Mammals collected by the Hon. N. 0. Rothschild, the Hon. F. R.
Henley, and Mr. A. F. R. Wollaston in Egypt and the Soudan in January,
February, and March, 1904. Harold Schwann .... 1 — 5
2. Notes on Zaglossua and description of a new subspecies of Echidna hystinx.
Walter Rothschild. ......... 305 306
3. Note on the Eland of the White Nile (Plate XII.) Walter Rothschild . 447
4. Note on Macropus rufus Desm., with description of a new subspecies. Walter
Rothschild 508
5. Notes on two Kangaroos from the "Northern Territory of South Australia,"
with description of a new species. Walter Rothschild . . . 509 — 510
AVES.
1. Remarks upon some theories in regard to the Migi-ation of Birds. Rubkin
Butterfield 15 — 20
2. On the Birds of the Azores (Plate III.). Ernst Hartert and W. R. Ogilvie-
Grant 80—128
3. List of Birds collected in North-Western Australia and Arnhem-Land l>y Mr. J.
T. Tunney. Ernst Hartert 192 — 242
4. Further contributions to our knowledge of the OrnLs of the Solomon Islands
(Plate X.). Walter Rothschild and Ernst Hartert . . . 243—268
5. Notes on a collection of Birds made by Mons. A. Robert in the district of Pari,
Brazil. C. E. Hbllmatr 269—305
6. Miscellanea Ornithologica (II). Ernst Hartert 497 — 503
7. Description of two new Birds discovered by O. T. Baron in Northern Peru.
0. E. Hellmayr 503—504
( vi )
REPTILIA AND BAT1L\( IIIA.
PAIiES
1. An nc'count of the Rcptilps and Batraoliians (-(.llooti il by Mv. V. \V. Riggonliacli
in the Atlas of Morocco (Plates 1., II). G. A. I'.oi t.knurr . . . 73 — 77
PISCES.
1. Description of a new Loricariid Fish of the genus Xenocara from Venezuela.
C. Tate Regan 242
2. Another new Barhus from Morocco. G. A. Boulknoer ..... 505
LEPIDOPTERA.
1. New .species of Thyridiihie, Uraniiilae, and Genmetridtic, from the Oriental
Region. Wii.UASi Wabren . (i — 15
2. Ijppidoptera from the Smlnn. Wu.i.iam Warren ami N. C. Rothschild
(Plate lY.) 21—33
3. New species of Geometridae from the Aethiopian Region. William Warren 34 — 40
4. New Thi/rididae, Uraniidae, and Geonwtridae from South and Central America.
William Warren 41 — 72
5. Some undescribed Lepidoptera. Walter Rothschild .... 78 — 79
G. Neue athiopische Rhopalocera des Kgl. Museums fUr Naturkunde in Berlin.
Max Bartel 129 — 152
7. Lepidoptera collected by Oscar Neumann in North-east Africa. Walter
RoTn,scniLD and Karl Jordan .' . 175—191
8. New American Thyrididae, Uraniklae, and Geometridue. William Warrex 307—379
9. New African Thyrididae, Uraniidae, and Geometridae. William Warren 380—409
1 0. New species of Thijrididae, Uraniidm and Geometridae from the Oriental Region.
William Warren 410 433
11. Lepidoptera collected by Jlr. W. R. Ogilvie-Grant on the Azores and Madeira in
1903. William Warren 439_447
12. On some new Lepidoptera discovered by A. S. Meek in Briti.'sh New Guinea.
Karl Jordan 448 — 478
13. Notes on some of the Lycaenidae collected by the late William Doherty on the
Kikuyu Escarpment. G. T. Bethune-Baker 492— 49C
( vii)
PAGES
14. Note on a peculiar secondary sexual character found among Geometridae at the
sensory organ situated at the base of the abdomen. Karl Jordan 506 — 508
15. Notes to Plate V, Karl Jordan . . 511 — 512
SIPHON APTERA.
1. On North Auiuriciin Ceraloji/ii/llus, a genus of Siphonaptera (Plates VI., VIL,
VIII., IX.) N. C. Rothschild 153— 17i
2. Home furtlier notea on Pidej: oanis iind Palex felis. N. C. Rothschild . 192 — 193
3. Some new Siphonaptera (Plates XIII., XIV.) N. C. Rothschild . . 479 — 491
ERRATA.
Page 237, line 15 from bottom, rear! pallida in.stead of yriseacens.
,, 502, the bottom linu shoidd read : three forms.
LIST OF PLATES IN VOLUME XII.
Structure of Siphonaptera. K. Jordan del.
Plate I. Moroccan Reptiles (Ophisav/rus koeUi/ceri and Lacerta ocellata). J. Green del.
II. Moroccan Reptiles {Lacerta ocellata and L. muralis). Photo by J, Green.
III. Scenery on the Azores. Photo by R. OgUvie-Grant.
IV. Lepidoptera from Egypt and Nubia. Colourtype by Hentschel.
V. Various Lepidoptera. Colourtype.
VI. ^
VII.
VIII.
IX.;
X. Halcyon boiujainvillei. 3 . G. Keulemans del. et lith.
XI. Bills imsicornis (Shaw). Colourtype from a drawing by J. Green, made
from living specimen of this beautiful snake in the Zoological Gardens,
London.
XII. Tattrotragus derbyamis subsp. from Bahr el Gazal. Colourtype by C.
Fowler from drawing by J. Smit.
XIIL \
vStructure of Siphonaptera. K. Jordan, del.
XIV. J
TlU
NoYiTATES Zoological.
Vol. XII. JANUARY, 1905. No. 1.
A LIST OF THE MAMMALS COLLECTED BY THE HON.
N. C. ROTHSCHILD, THE HON. F. R. HENLEY, AND
MR. A. F. R. WOLLASTON IN EGYPT AND THE
SOUDAN IN JANUARY, FEBRUARY, AND MARCH 1901
By HAROLD SCHWANN.
Q1EVERAL of the species meutioned in this list— notably Acomi/s w/t/ierb>/i,
^ Gfi-billus pi/gargiis, Dipoflillus watersi, Lepiis imhelUnug, and Ilystiix
cumeri — have not been taken hitherto in so northern a locality, and their range
must accordingly be extended.
A few notes snjjplied by Mr. Rothschild on some of the less-known localities,
where specimens were obtained, will be a great assistance in properly understanding
their geographical relationships.
Nakheila, where the battle of the Atbara was fought, is about fifty miles up the
Atbara River, on the north bank.
Merowe and Kerma are both in the Dougola Province. The former is at
the commencement of the fourtli cataract, while the latter is the terminus of
the railway from Wady Haifa to the Uongola Province.
Shereik is a railway station at the littk-known Abu Haschim cataract, some
fifty miles south of Abu Hammed.
1. Hipposiderus tridens Geoff.
tJ 2 ; ¥ 1. Abou Simbel.
(? 73. Nakheila.
$ 3. Shereik.
~. Scotophilus schliefferri Peters.
3. Pipistrellus kuhlii Natt.
4. Taphozous perforatus Geofi'.
$ 118, 119, 124, 125, 129 ; ? 126, 127, 128. Kerma.
This species was extremely common at Kerma, hiding by day iu the dome of
an old tomb.
5. Rhinopoma cystops Thos.
? 155, 150. Merowe.
Six specimens in s[iirit,
(-0
6. Erinaceus aethiopicus Ehrenb.
cJ 74. Nakheila.
T. Erinaceus auritus (im.
6 184. Natrou Yalley.*
8. Felis ocreata Gra.
? 38. Nakheila.
<? 172. Merowe.
Should further material show that the cats from this region differ from those
of Northern Abyssiuia, they would have to bear the name of manictdata given by
Temminck to a specimen from Ambukol in 1834. t
'•I. Genetta dongolana Ilempr. & Ehrenb.
S 85. Kerma.
111. Herpestes albicauda Uuv.
(? 11 ; ? 12. Sheroik.
? 13.5, 144. Merowe.
S 9G. Kerma.
These specimens show very well the variable character of the colonr of thn tail
in this species, which is as often black as white.
This fact, even now not generally known, was pointed out by Mr. Oldfield
Thomas as long ago as 1882. J
, 11. Vulpes vulpes aegyptiaca Sonn.
i 9.5, 99, luo, 107, 110 ; ? 98, lo8, 109. Kerma.
? 149. Merowe.
The only adult specimen. No. 149, is rather paler than the foxes obtained at
Shendi by Mr. Rothschild on a previous trip, but is probably nothing more than
a slight variation from the usual form. Should the Dongolan fo.x prove different to
the form found in Lower Egypt, it will have to bear the name of C. sabbar given
by Hemprich & Ehrenburg. §
12. Tatera robustus <.'ret/.schm.
(J 28, 29, 33, 08 ; ? 32, 39, 69, 70. Nakheila.
13. Gerbillus gerbillus Oliv.
cJ 81, 91. Kerma.
? 141. Merowe.
* The N.atron Valley specimen.s were collected by an Arab tiapper, and therefore Ihc e.rai-t locality \n
the Natron Valley where they were secured cannot be stated,
I Temni., Man, Mamin. p. 128.
i P.ZK 1W2, p. 77.
§ Hempr. & Ehrenb., Si/mb. /'/(//.«., Mamm. Dec. ii. 1832.
(3)
14. Gerbillus pygargus ('uv.
(? 83, 89, 90, 97, 116, 130 ; ? 84, 86, 87, 115. Kerma.
c? 16; ? 13, 14, 15. Shereik.
(^ 143, 159; ¥ 160. Merowe.
(^ 27 ; ? 64. Nakheila.
The occurrence of this species at Kerma (Uongola Proviuce) would warrant its
being regarded as an Egyptian mammal proper, according to the lines of Anderson's
Mammals of Egypt.
15. Gerbillus tarabuli Thos.
c? 181, 182, 183. Natron Valley.
16. Meriones schousboei Loche.
¥ 40, 41, 44. Nakheila.
? 4. Shereik.
? 122. Kerma.
When several series from different localities on the north coast of Africa have
been obtained it will probably be possible to split this difficult species into its local
races, but at present the available material is insufficient.
It is worthy of notice that this species has not been found in Egypt previous to
this expedition.
17. Meriones sp.
3 175, 185. Natron Valley.
These specimens appear to be the young of the species determined by Mr. de
Winton * as M. crassus selli/sii Pomel.
18. Dipodillus watersi de Wint.
(? 137, 142, 148, 150, 152, 154, 157, 158, 163, 164, 166, 168, 169, 170. ? 13i
138, 145, 147, 151, 153, 161, 162, 165, 167, 171. Merowe.
c? 104 ; ? 103, 105. Kerma.
? 7. Shereik.
The occurrence of this species in the Dongola Province would, according to
Anderson's Mammals of Eyi/pt, warrant its being regarded as a true Egyptian
mammal.
19. Pachyuromys duprasi natronensis de Wint.
S 176, 178 ; ? 77. Natron Valley, t
* Nor. Znnl. vol. X. August 190.S, p. 281.
t Nov. Zool. 1903, p. 285.
(4)
20. Mus muscuhis gentilis Brants.
<? Ill ; ? II--', 11:5, 114. Kerma.
<J 173. Assonan.
(J 146. Merowe.
21. Acomys witherbyi dc AVint.
<S 25, 47, 72, 80 ; ? 26, Tl. Nakhcila.
<? 123; ¥ 101. Kerma.
c? 17. Shereik.
? 132, 140. Merowe.
At first sight these specimens appear to fall into two distinct gronjis, the one
fawn and the other slate-coloured ; but a comjiarison with the British Mnseum's
series of skins makes it evident that they must for the jjresent be considered as one
species, owing to the amount of intergrading that takes phice.
As the fawn appears to be the more dominant colour, and the}' are all topotypes
of de Winton's icitherhi/i,* it seems best to refer the slaty specimens also to this
species until sufficient material is obtained to settle the question of the value of
colour as a character in the genus Acomj/s.
The relationships of Acomys witherbi/i, hunteri and (/im/d/atus are, according to
Mr. W. E. de Winton.f as follows : — •
A. tvitherbi/i is the smallest of the three, and less brightly coloured than
A. hunteri. Tlie latter is of a red fawn-colour above, with the underjiarts pnre
white, and is distinguished from A. dimidiatus by its shorter ears and hind feet.
22. Arvicanthis testicularis Sund.
c? 31, 34 ; ? 35, 52. Nakheila.
cT 10; ? 5,6, 8,0. Shereik.
S 136. Merowe.
? 120. Kerma.
23. Jaculus jaculus Linn.
5 82, 121 ; ? 88. Kerma.
6 179, 180. Natron Valley.
24. Hystrix cuvieri Gray.
? 36 ; 0, skull only. Nakheila.
Owing to the difl'erence in size between the skulls of the South European
porcupines and those of the jiresent collection from Upper Egypt it seems advisable
to adopt Gray's name oi cuvieri, as suggested by Mr. de Winton.t
Sknll No. 36 is considerably larger than No. 0, and bears some resemblance to
Jl. ijali'uta Thos. ; but until more material is obtained, the (juestion of whether tlie
two species occur together must be left undecided.
* Nm. Zool. vol. viii. December lOUl, p. 400.
t .V(ir. Zovl. vol. viii. pp. -400 — 101.;
J /tmlogtj of Kijy2>f, p. 313.
(^ )
It may be noticed that porcnpiues have not been rcconled until now from a
locality as far north as Nakheila.
25. Lepus isabellinus Cretzsclim.
(? 43, 45, 48, 49, 54, 61, 06, 77 ; f 50, 51, 57, 58, 07, 08, 78, 79. Nakheila.
19, 93, 134; ? 117, 131. Korraa.
c? 132; ? 20,92.
I cannot see that the hares cnnmerated above differ sufficiently from the
description given by Cretzschmar to necessitate pas.siug over the earlier name iu
favour of aethiopicus*
The range of Lepus isaln'llinns is now known to extend at least from Shendi
to Kerma (that is, in the Sondan), where it is apparently the only species ; bnt
whether it ranges as far south as Khartoum, or is found as far north as Wadi Haifa,
is at present unknown.
20. Oryctolagus sp.
6 174. Fayoura.
27. Gazella Isabella Gray.
cj 24. Head, skin and skull, 00 ; skull only, 21. Nakheila.
¥ 22, 23 ; 42 juv.
(?, 18 juv. Shereik.
28. Gazella soemmerringii soemmerringii C'retzschm.
? 30. Head, skin, and skull, iMjd. Nakheila.
29. Equus asinus africanus Fitzinger.
(J 37, 59, 00. Nakheila.
This wild ass has already been dealt with by Mr. Lydekker in the Xovitates
Zooloylcac, vol. xi. p. 593 (1!mi4).
' Zonhiijij of ICijijpf, p. 321.
C')
NEW SPECIES OF THYBTIUBAE, VBANIIDAE, AND
GEOJIETEIDAE, FROM THE ORIENTAL REGION.
By \V. warren, M.A., F.E.S.
Family TIIVnTDIDA?:.
1. Canaea hyaena spec. nov.
Foirwing : grey on an ochreons ground, covered with short striae of darker
grey between the veins and crossed by several obscnrely marked dark grey lines ;
the ochreons gronnd-colonr appears only along the costal edge, which is marked
with dark grey dots and beyond middle with three dark streaks, and along hind-
margiu at base of fringe, which is otherwise dark grey; a small ronnd hyaline spot
below the lower end of cell between veins 2 and 'i ; sometimes the central area is
clonded with grey ; traces of large pale spots between veins before the margin.
Ilindwinii : similar, but paler ; the cross markings more distinct, and rufous-
tinged; a tine ferruginous line along hind margin; inner margin pale ochreons;
fringe of inner margin and a row of hairs along vein 1 pale ocbreous.
Underside speckled with brown ; forewing with three brown jiatches, two
postmodian, below costa and above inner margin, the third below apex.
Head, thorax, abdomen, and legs dark grey ; abdomen beneath ochreons.
Expanse of wings : 28 — 30 mm.
3 (?(?, 4 ? ¥ from Gnizo Island, Solomons, November 1D03 (Meek).
2. Canaea venustnla spec. nov.
Forciving : grey, covered with rough trans\-erse darker grey reticulations, and
crossed by five or six irregular darker bands, which on inner margin become
reddish ; the antemedian, median, and postmedian are vertical ; two towards apex
are less distinct, shorter, and more or less broken up : the base and costa are grev-
brown ; the costal edge white, with nnmerons dark dots ; from apex to middle a
ri>w of red nuirginiil sjiots between veins ; fringe dark grey, the tips below the
middle white.
Uindwing : with tlie bands red, the marginal line continuous, red; fringe dark
grey, white-tipjied throughout, and varied in places with red scales.
Underside paler, with all the markings much clearer ; apex of forewing tinged
with red.
Head and thorax grey-brown like the wings ; abdomen red, with nnnl tuft
ochreons yellow; abdomen beneath and legs pale, tliickly sj)eckled with grey-brown.
Expanse of wings : 22 mm.
1 i from Ujiper Area River, British New Guinea, January 1903 (Meek).
3. Hypolamprus subumbrata sjiec. nov.
l-'orcwiiiij : j)ale flesh-coloured ochreons, crossed by jiale brown wavy lines,
with faint strigao between them ; the lines roughly in pairs and after the first pair
1 econiiiig obli(|ne inward parallel to hindmargin ; the third pair above the middle
( • )
divpi-giii? fmiDel-sliiipwl to the costa iit. oiie-lialf and tliree-fonrtlis ; the foiivtli
pair, which is snbmarginal ami wider below, is preceded aud followed by jialer
bands containiug a row of faint striae down their centre; the costa is diffnsely
whitish grey.
Ilindwing : similar, but the basal lines clouded.
Underside duller, more grey ; costal half of forewing to two-thirds shaded with
dull brown.
Head, thorax, and abdomen like wings ; face and palpi dark brown.
Expanse of wings : 36 mm.
1 ? from Maymyo, Shan States, June— August 1902 (Hauswell).
Veins 8, 9 of forewing are stalked, and I have provisionally, therefore, placed
the species in lli/polamprus, though it appears somewhat out of place.
4. Striglina floccosa spec. nov.
Fori'iring : dull brick-red, tinged along the costa with olive-fuscous, and with
the transverse streaks and reticulations of the same colour ; these form many
indistinct curved lines parallel to hindmargin, those beyond middle bluntly angled
on vein 4, that in tlie middle of wing slightly tliicker and more conspicuous,
containing an obscure dark cell-mark ; fringe brick-red, with the tips somewhat
darker.
Jlinthving : very similar; along inner margin the fringe and a bed of hairs to
vein 1 flnify pink.
Underside with basal half of wings pink, outer half fulvous ; on the disco-
cellular of forewing a large spot of blackish and grey scales ; the inner margin
pink without striae; hindwing with base and inner half of wing covered with fluffy
pink hairs.
Head and shoulders red-brown; thorax and abdomen redder; legs fulvous red,
the tarsi brown : forelegs with tibiae and tarsi dark brown, the latter ringed with
white, the former with a large flake of snow-white.
Expanse of wings : 35 mm.
1 (J from Upper Aroa River, British New Guinea, April 101)3 (Meek).
This species is nearest superior Butler, which is, however, dull ochreous in
colour, and has a distinct pencil of hairs on the hindwing on vein 1.
•5. Striglina scintillans spec. nov.
Forciriiiij : bright vermilion red, much brighter than in S. reversa Warr.,
which otherwise it greatly resembles ; costa narrowly brown, in rrcersa the costal
area as far as subcostal vein is dark ; lines and reticulations much as in rnrrsa,
but much fainter ; between the veins series of small round yellow spots alternate
with the red; in rerersa the whole wing is red ; spots of the marginal line and the
transverse reticulations of the snbmarginal and postmedian series studded with
bright metallic scales.
flindiviiig : the same; fringe of inner margin }'ellow, not reddisli.
Underside red, not pinkish-ochreous, as in ro-ersa.
Head, thorax, and abdomen vermilion ; abdomen benoatli and legs ycllow-
ochreous; forelegs in front, and middle legs externally, pectus, and palpi vermilion.
Expanse of wings : cJ 34—20 mm.; ?, 30 mm,
(8)
4 t?c?, 1 ? from Upper Aroii River, British New Guinea, Feliriiary — April
1903 (Meek).
Taken along with 6 SS aiul 7 ? ? of 6'. reeeisa, not one of which bears
the slightest trace of metallic scaling. In both sexes this species is smaller than
recetsa.
Family U RAJS' II DAE.
Subfamily EPIFLEMINAE.
6. Decetia uniformis spec nov.
Foreirinq : drab, densely dnsted with leaden-grey speckling ; a dark disco-
cellnlar sjiot : in some cases a very faint rnst-colonred obliqne line can be seen,
placed as in dichromata, and the course of the subraarginal spots is traced in the
same colour ; fringe dark rust-colonr.
Ilindwiyig : the same.
Underside equally uniform.
Head, thorax, and abdomen concolorous.
Expanse of wings : 48 — 52 mm.
2 (?(?, 3 ? 9 from Treasury Island, Solomons, August 1901 (Meek).
Decetia dichromata Wlk. in all its localities is subject to great general
variation, and the sexes in particular differ from each other ; in the present species
the sexes are exactly alike, and there is not the slightest trace of variation in any
of the five examples. I must therefore, for the present, consider them to form a
separate species.
7. Epiplema triangulifera spec. nov.
Forewing : fawn-colour, finely speckled with grey ; the lines dark brown, all
three more or less vertical and parallel ; the first obscure at one-third, not marked
above subcostal vein ; second at two-thirds, thick ; third submarginal, not reaching
costa ; cell-sj)ot brown, linear ; fringe concolorous, mottled with dark beyond veins.
Ilindwiiig : with outer line bluntly angled at middle, edged externally by a
pale line ; a brown line along median vein from base, forming with the brown
discal line a distinct brown triangle in midwing ; a dark brown cloud along
liindaiargin from ujipcr tooth to below lower tooth, before which it is crossed by
a pale line.
Underside of forewing dull brown, of hindwing ochreous speckled with brown ;
the outer line brown and distinct in both wings.
Face and palpi black ; vertex, thorax, and abdomen concolorous with wings.
Expanse of wings : 19 mm.
2 Sd from Guizo Island, Solomons, November 1903 (Meek). I have seen
a <? also from Guadalcanar, Solomons.
Forewing with hindmargin merely indented between veins 0 and 3 ; hindwing
with short teeth at veins 4 and 7.
8. Monobolodes schistacea spec. nov.
Forewng : deej) slate-colonr ; the lines black, placed exactly as in ilA vigres-
cens Warr. from Fergnsson Island, but without any yellow scaling; the outer line
somewhat iubent in mirlJle towards the angle of inner line, which is onl}' distinct
towards inner margin ; the black line at liase of fringe swollen towards apex.
Ilindicirig : with the black line central and continnous ; the abdominal fold
blnish white, the pencil of hairs, when expanded, cream-colonred.
Underside paler slate-colonr, especially in the tS, where the hindwing becomes
blnish white towards anal angle.
Head, thorax, and abdomen all dark slate ; anal tnft in c? white.
Expanse of wings : 26 mm.
4 c?c?, 4 ¥ ? from Gnizo Island, Solomons, November 1903 (Meek) ; and 1 c?
from Treasur}' Island, Angnst 1001 (Meek).
Family GEOMETRIDAE.
Subfamily OENOCHROMINAE.
0. Arhodia retractaria ab. carnea nov.
Differs from the type form of retractaria Wlk. in being withont markings of
any kind on the upperside, except a slight dark cell-spot; the hindwing is deep
rosy, with the fringe of hind and inner margin white ; the forewiug shows an
admixture of Intcons ; fringe of forewing dark ferruginous.
Underside paler, especially towards base ; forewing with an oblique curved
purple blotch from vein 2 to 0, bounded by an indistinct brownish outer line from
costa before apex ; discocelhilar and veins 3, 4, 5, all marked with purple ; si)ace
between them pale pink, paler than rest of wing; hindwing with indistinct outer
line in costal half of wing.
Head, thorax, and legs ])ale flesh-colour ; abdomen whitish, tinged on dorsnm
with flesh-colonr.
Expanse of wings : 00 mm.
1 ? , Toowoomba, Brisbane district, Queensland.
In forewing the hindmargin is slightly concave beneath the apex and bluntly
elbowed at vein 5, thence oblique and straight ; hindwing with margin and both
angles rounded.
lo. Sarcinodes subfulvida ab. olivata nev.
I described suhfulcida from Kiriwini, Trobriand Islands {Noo. Zool. iii. p. 280)
(1S90), from 3 cJc?, and since then have met with examples from Ron Island,
St. Aiguan, and New Guinea. In nearly all these, both JcJ and ?¥, the
prevailing tint, as in the type, has been red ; but m 2 ii from the Upper Aroa
River, British New Guinea, the colouring was much darker and the red tinge almost
absent. I have lately seen a ? from the same locality, corresponding to these 33,
which, as suggesting at least a very distinct local race, I describe as ab. olimfa.
Forewing : dark olive, suftused with fuscous, and overlaid from base to outer
line by dark slaty grey and white scales, these latter prevailing along inner margin
and at costa before the outer line ; the inner and median lines are distinct but
ditfuse; the outer line is double, both arms being dark olive, marked with clear
white spots on the veins and towards inner margin filled in with white ; the waved
submarginal line has the lunules marked with whitish and black scales ; and the
fringe is dark olive.
fliii'liriiig : witli the double line filled in with white throughout, closely
r 1" )
preceded liy a larcre roniid wliite cell-sput ; the rest as in forewintr, but t1ie dark
fringe is preceded by white scales, and the inner margin and fringe are whitish.
The underside is pinkish brown with all the markings indicated by darker
shades ; the costa of forewing is marked with white scales and a white blotch before
apex ; all the lines are marked by tine pale dashes on veins, and the white cell-spot
of hindwings is j.lain, with another white spot below it.
Shoulders, vertex, and upper half of face brownish olive ; lower part of face
and palpi dark grey ; thorax and abdomen grey and olive mixed ; base of palpi
beneath and pectus fnlvons-tinged ; legs blackish spotted witii white.
Expanse of wings : (50 mm.
Upper Aroa River, British New Guinea (A. S. Meek).
A largo pale discal spot occurs also in S. vulfuaria Gnon. from Borneo, but on
the underside of hindwing only ; and a similar spot on the upper side of forewing
is mentioned in the description of S. peruhui-ia Swinhoe ; both these examples
being, like the present one, ? ? .
Subfamily GEOMETRINAE.
11. Tlialassodes subviridis sjuc. nov.
Foiririnq : bright jialo green, with a few faint ]inli' transverse striae, most
distinct in the marginal area; costa crcam-culour ; u fine obliijuc whitish inner line
only visible below median vein ; a nearly vertical straight outer line from below
costa just beyond middle ; fringe yellow.
Hindwing : with outer line only, distinct from costa to vein 8, where it is
angled and becomes fainter.
Underside mealy jiale green ; the costa of forewing ochreous.
Head, thorax, and abdomen all green ; vertex snow-white ; basal half of
antennal shaft white, apical lialf green, the pectinations grey-green ; alidomen with
a i)ale dorsal line.
Expanse of wings : 27 mm.
1 (? from Christmas Island (Andrews).
Nearest to TL ilorsiliiira AVarr. from New Guinea, but sniiiUer and much
greener on the underside ; the antennae are heavily jjcctinated, and quite three-
fourths of the length of forewing ; hindmargin of hindwing bluntly bent at middle.
Subfamily STERRHINAE.
12. Mesotrophe ?subrabrata spec. nov.
/•Vc?CT^^ ; -fawn-colour, densely spiinkled with dull red, partially confluent,
dots and striae ; costa brown-black at base, jialing towards apex : lines of the same
colour, but obscure; first from one-fifth of costa to oue-fourtli of inner margin,
waved iind interrnjited : outer from nearly three-fourths of costa to tliree-fourths of
inner margin, liuuihite-dentatc, outcurved in middle ; a vertical thick waved olive-
brown median shade ; cell-spot minute, white with a dark ring ; submarginal line
oliscure, but jireceded and followed by black Innular clouds below costa and above
inner margin : marginal lunules blackish : fringe concolorous.
UiiiJwinq : with inner line marked by a black blotch at one-fourth of inner
margin; cell-spot minute, white; the rest as in forewing, but the black clouds iu
( 11 )
snbmarginal field confined to anal region oulj-, forming there a large snbquadrate
patch.
Underside nniform dnll rosy.
Palpi ochreons below, liright ]>iniv above; face deep red ; fillet and antennae
ochreous ; vertex and base of shoulders bhick-lirowu ; thorax and base of abdomen
like wings ; anal segments of abdomen and the underside paler, more ochreous.
Expanse of wings : 40 mm.
1 ? from Gnizo Island, Solomons, November 1903 (Meek).
Probably a Mesotrojthe.
SuBFAMiiA' IIYDRIOMENINAE.
13. Gonanticlea deleta spec. nov.
Exactly like Gonanticlea sublustris Warr., except that the central fascia is
merely denoted by the pale limiting lines marked by black specks on the veins, the
broad black bands oi sublusti-is being restricted to the costal area as for as vein 6 ;
the whole wing is thus reddish grey-brown, with a slight leaden purple tint beyond
outer line. If this had been the only difference, however, I should have considered
it merely an aberrational form ; but the forewings of the 3 on the underside are
without the pilose scaling by which sMuiftris is characterised.
Expanse of wings : S 39 mm. ; ? 3.5 mm.
1 cJ, 1 ¥ from Upper Aroa River, British New Guinea, March 1903 (Meek)
taken along with a typical S examjile of siibl/istr/s.
From the black costal markings the insect superficially assumes the likeness of
a large Li/r/i-anon.
Subfamily TEPHROCLYSTIINAE.
14. Neoscelis cristata.
Gipnunsivlix rrislaki Warr., Nm: Zoo!, iii. p. 229 ? (18',Mi).
Neoscflis rii-uki Hmpsn,, Jnuvii. Bombay N. IT. Six. xiv. p. G.39. no. 3748b. ? fig. (1902).
The description of JV. rivida Hmpsn. and the figure apply perfectly to
G. crisfdta Warr. sunk on p. 640 l)y Hampson to G. (h'Uta. The insect also occurs
at Penang, in the Andamaiis (coll. Swirih.), and in New Guinea; but all the
examples are ? ?. On examination of the New Guinea examples I find that 7, 11,
10, S, 9 of forewings are stalked together as in Neoscelis Hmpsn. and Adefa Warr.,
which latter will probably have to fall to Neoscelis. But at present there are
considerable differences between the genera. In Adeta semifascia AVarr. and in the
New Guinea examples of cristata the hiudtilnae have a single long middle spur,
and the antennae of the ? are simple, not ciliated ; vein 0 rises from the centre of
the discocellular, and 6 from tlie depressed upper end of the cell ; further, in semi-
fascia, the type oi Adcfa, vein 11 does not anastomose with 12, as is the case in
cristata.
Subfamily TRIOHOPTERYGINAE.
15. Anthierax subfulva spec. nov.
Agrees in most points with the dcscri})tiou of A. malaca Meyr. {Remodel) from
New Guinea, but the palpi are externally coal-black, not green ; the outer lobe of the
liiiulwing of t? is blunt, and lielow, the tuft in the fringe between tlie outer lobe
( 12)
and the next is dnll fnlvons. In the forewing the darljoi- green transverse lines
are all tinged with blackish along the snbmedian interval, the cell and.sjjace
beyond it between veins 4 and 6, and also between veins 0 and 7 ; the cell-spot is
black, not green as in malaca. The al)domen is greenish cinorons. It agrees with
malaca in having white spots behind the eyes and a black lateral mark on the
shonlders.
Expanse of wings : 30 — 4ii mm.
2 66 from Guizo Island, Solomons, Xovcmber 1903 (Meek).
](j. Anthierax subnigrata spec. nov.
Fon'uiiig : green, with darker green waved transverse lines, which beyond
middle are regularly dentate-lnnnlate, mnch more regular than in A. suhfidra ;
of the fonr basal lines the second is slightly pnrplish-tiuged ; the fonr lines forminj;
the central fascia, one before the groeu cell-spot and three beyond, are all purplisli-
tinged, and so is the submarginal line and the teeth of the line preceding it,
as well as the marginal spots ; the marginal space is slate-colour, quite bluish in
the middle, and the fringes slate-colour, with white spots beyond the veins.
Ilindwinfi : purplish grey with long grey hairs from the base of wing ; the
fringe of inner margin long and glossy black, of outer margin ochreons and shorter.
Underside of forewing greenish cinereous ; of hindwing puri)lish black.
Head, j>alpi, and thorax green ; abdomen cinereous olive : white spots behind
the eyes, but no black marks on shoulders.
Underside of abdomen on basal half and inside of the tuft of hair on liindtibiae
blackish.
Expanse of wings : 30 mm.
1 6 from Guizo Island, Solomons, November 1903 (Meek).
Quite distinct from the preceding species Knh/idm.
1 T. Sauris angusta spec. nov.
Forewing : whitish green, with dark green cross-lines ; the centre of the wing
is crossed by a wide sinnons band of pale green containing the green cell-spot;
between this and the base are six waved outwardly obli([ue green lines, of which
the second is tinged with purplish ; beyond it are four lunnlate-dentate green lines,
of which the innermost (not, as usual, the outermost) is purjilish-tinged ; the
sulmiarginal line is slightly ])urj)lish, as are the marginal spots ; fringe worn.
IIii>ihri)u] : pale grey, greenish-tinged, a little darker towards margins.
Underside of forewing greenisli grey, of hindwing brownisli fulvous, the scales
thick and coarse.
Head, palpi, thorax, aud abdomen green, the last paler and greyer. Antennae
glossy, purplish, fulvous beneath ; the upper surface sinuate, as in Ilelmintlioceras.
Expanse of wings : 20 mm.
1 6 from Guizo Island, Solomons, November li)U3 (Meek).
The hindwing is very narrow, the costa and inner margin only slightly diverging ;
the hindraargin is slightly prominent at one-third from apex and one-third from
anal angle . there are only four veins ; the costal and subcostal separate at onc-tliird
from base, the costal running to apex aud the subcostal to the upper prominence;
vein i") is absent : the median rnns into the lower ])rojection and vein 3, which rises
( 13 )
near base, into the anal angle ; no discocellular is visible ; the lobe at base of
inner margia is siiberect, aucl about one-fourth of the length of the margin. In
the shape and thick scaling of the hindwing the insect approaches Di/sti/poptila
trkuujularis AVarr. from Sumatra.
Subfamily DEILINIINAE.
18. Peratophyga bifasciata spec, no v.
Forcwitn/ : pale yellow ; the markings dark brown ; a curved fascia just before
middle and a broad marginal border, connected hj a brown streak from base along
vein 1, below which on the inner margiu the yellow of the ground-cohmr reapjiears
as broken patches ; costa at base also brown ; the inner edge of the dark border
projects shortly inwards on median vein, and the yellow space before it is traversed
by a row of brown vein-dots ; snbmarginal line indicated by sliglit yellow marks
on the veins along the centre of the dark border, with a yellow spot at apex ;
marginal yellow spots at end of veins ; fringe brownish.
Hindicing : like forewing.
Underside the same, but the yellow paler and clearer, without any sjKits.
Head, thorax, and abdomen brown; second segment and anal tuft yellow;
abdomen beneath and legs yellowish.
Expanse of wings : 18 mm.
1 S from Cheng Mai, Hainan, August 1902.
Subfamily ABRAXINAE.
19. Abraxas parvipunctata spec. nov.
Forewiny : cream-white ; the base of wing on costa j'ellow ; costal area with
nnmerons small round grey spots, irregularly disposed and in places confluent ; a
few scattered ones in cell, and a larger one on discocellular; at two-thirds of costa
a small oblique grey blotch followed by a small spot on vein 6 ; two snbmarginal
series of spots parallel to hindmargin, the inner small and placed on the veins,
the outer larger between them, coalescing laterally above middle with a marginal
row, below it interrupted.
lliiifhciiuj : with the three outer series of spots only, all separate,
Underside similar, but all the spots larger and better defined.
Head, thorax, and abdomen yellow, the last with dark spots ; pal^ii and legs
externally dark fuscous.
Expanse of wings : 50 mm.
1 ¥ from Dili, N.E. Sumatra.
In apjiearance nearest to A. (injiiuilis Butler.
Subfamily SEMIOTHISINAE.
Loxotephria gen. nov.
Vorewiiuj: costa faintly curved; hindmargin obliquely curved.
llindu'iiig : with hindmargin only slightly curved ; apes rounded ; anal angle
blunt.
Antennae simple in both sexes, with very short pubescence in c? : forehead
( li )
with projecting peak of scales ; palpi porrect, well-scaled, the segments indistinct ;
tongne and frennjnm present ; hiudtiliiae with fonr spnrs ; snbmediau vein of
forewing of c? swollen at base into a small fovea.
Xeiirafion : forewing, cell nearly half the length of wing ; discocellnlar vertical,
but strongly ol)li(ine below; first median nervnle at four-tifths, second just before
third; radials normal, 5 slightly above centre; 7, 8, 9 stalked; 10 anastomosing
at a point with 11, wliich rises from 12: hindwing, 7 and 'i well before angles
of cell.
Type : l.oxoti'j/ltria olivacea spec. nov.
Tephrina ! converyeits AN'arr., from West China, described from a ? only
(J\oi\ Zool. vi. p. 61, 1899), should be placed in this genus.
2(1. Loxotephria olivacea spec. nov.
In markings resembling convergens Warr., but the ground-colour of the wings
is olive-yellowish, sometimes (piite green along cell and below costa of forewing ;
costa with short pui-plish striae ; first line red or red-brown, the angle in cell
touching the red cell-mark ; outer line red-brown, externally edged with lustrous
pearly scales ; submarginal line olive-green ; the marginal space beyond it darker,
and covered with lustrous violet ; fringe brown, with red-brown basal and middle lines.
llindwiiiq : without the basal line ; the other two straight and jjarallel.
Underside deep bright yellow ; striae and lines purple-red ; the marginal cloud
jjurplish-violet, and stronger in the S than in the ?.
Head, thorax, and abdomen like wings ; face brown.
Expanse of wings : S, 28 mm. ; ? , 30 mm.
Several examples from Manchyo and Secha, Hainan, May and June 1902.
L. converf/ens from West China is darker, browner, and has a brown subcostal
streak through the angles of the lines of forewing.
Subfamily ASCOTINAE.
21. Amblychia schistacea spec. nov.
Forewing : dark slate-colour ; the lines and interval between outer and
submarginal lines deeper ; inner line curved, j)rojpcting strongly above median,
and less prominently below, edged inwardly by ])aler slate-colour and whitish.
There are also some whitish flakes on costa and in cell between the inner and
median lines ; interval between median and outer lines from costa to vein 3
occnpied by a cream-white blotch speckled with slate-colour, followed below 3 by
a large white blotch filling up the lunule of median line ; the lunule below it
white-edged ; cell-spot black, nearly touching the inner edge of the white blotch ;
fringe brown-slate.
lUmhriiKj : similar, with only a few whitish flakes beyond antemedian line,
those in cell most conspicuous, and a white lunule between veins 7 and 8.
Underside with basal area of both wings ])ale greyish slate, varied with dull
ochrcous and speckled with darker ; outer area of both wings slaty fuscous, the
white markings well expressed in forewing, obscurely in hindwing.
Head and shoulders dark slaty fuscous ; ])atagia, thorax, and abdomen pale
dirty ochreous.
Expanse of wings : 104 mm.
1 cJ from Batchiun (Waterstradt).
( 15 )
22. Catoria lucidata spec. uov.
Foremng : white, with olive-green speckling only ; the lines, donMe, dark
olive-green, placed mnch as in delectaria Wlk., but the outer line conspicnously
angled on vein 6, not rounded ; lunules of the shade preceding submarginal line
marked with blackish beyond cell and between veins 7 and S, and 2 and 3 ; marginal
lunules and cell-spot black ; fringe white.
Hindwing : like forewing ; cell-spot a black point, not an ocellus.
Underside greenish brown clouded with velvety black before the white spaces
of the hindmargin, which are bright white, not cloudy as in delectaria ; cell-spot
of forewing velvety black, large and round ; of hindwing only a black point.
Head and thorax pale greenish ; abdomen wliite, the basal segments edged
with brownish scales : antennal pectinations rufous ; in delectaria they are fuscous.
Expanse of wings : 48 mm.
1 6 from Guizo Island, Solomons, November 1903 (Meek).
REMARKS UPON SOME THEORIES IN REGARD TO THE
MIGRATION OF BIRDS.
BY \V. EUSKIN BUTTERFIELD.
I SUPPOSE most persons who are acnuaiated with the literature of bird-
migration must feel that few of the theories with which the subject is
burdened compel assent. In the present paper I venture to put together under
the various headings such suggestions as appear to me to be of moment.
INCENTIVES TO MIGRATION.
The awakening of the impulse of migration in spring and autumn is often
confused with the proximate cause or causes of the sajjarate journeys by which
the whole migration in each direction is accomplished. The inherent stimulus is
doubtless felt in many, and perhaps in most, birds before the northward or
southward movement is embarked upon. The immediate incentive to migration
need not be the same for all species of migrants, nor indeed for all the individuals
of the same species ; moreover, the incentive to spring migration need not
be the same as the incentive to autumn migration. From the confusion
mentioned above, some writers have sought uniform causes competent to account
for each of the two great movements in all species. The incentives to these
movements may result, as I shall hope to show, from a variety of causes acting
alone or in concert, and in seeking them we need not concern ourselves with
the original cause of migration.
Taking the autumn migration first,* scarcity of food is thought by many
authors to afford a sufficient explanation of the desertion of the summer quarters
by most species, although it is allowed that this cannot be the sole cause, since
it not infrequently happens — as in the case of our Song Thrush — that a breeding
* For convenience, the series of journeys constituting each of the two great seasonal luovemt-'nts
requires to be denoted by a separate term,
( 16 )
area which is wholly or partly deserted by the native birds is inhabited later ou
by an invasion of individuals of the same species from a more northerly area.
•' The mode in which the want of sustenance produces migration," writes
Professor Newton, •' may best be illustrated by confining ourselves to some of
the unquestionably migrant birds of our own northern hemisphere. As food
grows scarce toward the end of summer in the most northern limits of the range
of a species, the individuals afl'ected thereby seek it elsewhere ; in this way they
jiress upon the haunt of other individuals : these in like manner upon that of
yet others, and thus
' The waves behind impel the waves before,'
until the movement which began in the far north is communicated to (he
individuals occupying the extreme southern range of the species at that season ;
though, but for such an intrusion, these last might be content to stay some time
longer in the enjoyment of their existing quarters " (Bictionari/ of Birds, p. 555).
While admitting that want of sustenance may prompt the autumn migration
in some cases, it may lie doubted whether it is so important a factor as is commonly
supposed. It is obviously of advantage to birds to perform the journey while yet
the food supply is fairly ample, and before their physical powers become imjiaired
with fasting. If we suppose that, in a species of migrant, a certain number of
individuals delay the movement until hunger compels their departure, clearly a
larger proportion of such individuals will succumb to the hardships of the
journey than of other individuals that left the breeding-quarters a short time
previously.
There appears to be some evidence that completion of the moult, or, at any
rate, passage through the critical stage of moulting,* and also (in adults) decline
of the stimulus of reproduction, are factors ; the precise period of departure being,
perhaps, largely determined by a marked fall in temperature.
The early departure of adult Cuckoos {Cuculus canoruis) is often cited as a
s])ecial dilKculty. In this species the cares of family life are foisted upon others ;
when, therefore, functional activity of the rejiroductivc apparatus diminishes, this
circumstance alone may be sufficient to incite the birds to retreat.
Turning now to the reverse journey, the very striking instances on record of
the selfsame spot being selected for nesting purposes year after year by the same
species have been claimed as an indication that birds make the return journey from
a desire to reoccupy old quarters. These facts may, however, be interpreted in a
different manner — namely, as a proof of the eligibility of the particular locality
as a breeding area, and of the particular spot as a nesting site. "When a jiarticular
spot has afforded to a pair of birds a secure and convenient situation for the home,
it is likely enough that one or both of them will prefer to return to it again the
following year from its known suitability ; and we need uot attribute to birds a
greater partiality for their old haunts than this. Several circumstances may render
it impossibh^ fur more than one (and sometimes for either) of the original pair to
reoccupy the same place, such as, for instance, the alliance of one of them with a
different mate, or death. Of the individuals that return in spring most will do so
for the first time, and their knowledge of the exact locality of their birth can hardly
be supposed to be very precise, since they left it at an early age.
• Ct. Dr. Jonathan Dwight, jun., " The Sequenco of Plumages aud Moults o£ the Passerine Birds of
New York " (Jn?w?» -V. Y. AcmI, tici. xiii. p. 120).
( 17)
Dr. J. A. Allen supposes that " the spring movement is incited by the periodic
activity of the reprodnctive organs, resnlting in the necessity for the retnrn of the
sjiecies to the pecnliar conditions and surronudings to which for long ages it has
been undergoing special adaptation — in other words, to its home." * On the other
hand, Professor W. W. Cooke and Mr. W. Eagle Clarke have demonstrated the
imjwrtance of temperature as a factor, the latter even asserting, in regard to the
spring emigratory movements from the Continent of Europe to the British Islands,
that " it has invariably been found that all such movements, except those performed
late in the season, are to be correlated with a rise of temperature in south-western
Enrope, and perhaps in northern Africa. That this indnces the birds to embark on
their northward journey does not admit of doubt." + No doubt those pronounced
movements, sometimes called " rushes," are caused by a decided rise in temperatnre
over the areas whence the movements began, but during the interval between suc-
cessive " rushes " migration must be supposed to be in progress, even if unobserved.
Further, the remarkable uniformity of climatic conditions prevailing in the Tropics
makes it clear that we must look elsewhere for an explanation of the departure of
migratory species which winter in this zone.
MIGRATION ROUTES.
While some ornithologists think that birds migrate with an extended frout,
roughly corresponding in width to that of the breeding area, others maintain
that they follow geographically defined routes, whose deflexions depend primarily
upon topographical features.^:
Our knowledge of the precise boundaries of the winter' range of many even
of the best known summer visitants to Europe is very imperfect. Having reached
the winter quarters, there is not the same necessity for birds to occupy a limited
area as there is during the breeding season, and doubtless more or less individual
wandering takes place, as indeed we see to a pronounced degree in the winter
immigrants to our own area. The spring journey, therefore, for the same bird
may start <luring successive years from points widely separated. The conclusi(,in
which best harmonizes with actual observations is that, in the performance of
the journey to and from the breeding quarters, each species traverses a definite
route, some sections of which may deviate widely from its general trend. The
route may intersect other routes, or may coincide with them for a longer or
shorter distance. Where physical features are followed, we may be sure it is
not from the guidance they afford, but because they mark out convenient high-
ways. There is some indubitable evidence that migration at times proceeds at
great heights. Whether on these occasions the routes followed are more direct
and wholly independent of the relief of the land is not yet known.
* "The Geographical Origin and Distribution of North ^imerican Birds, considered in Eelatiou to llie
Faunal Areas of Nortli America" (^Auh, x. p. 104).
t " Digest of the Observations on the lligrations of Birds at Lighthouses and Light-vessels, 1880-1887 "
(JHejJort Brit. Asmo., ISDti, p. 474). See also Cooke, " Report on Bird Migration in the Mississippi Valley
in the years 1884 and 1885 " (^Bullclm No. 2, Dimsion of A'eonvmie Ornitholoijy [now Biological .Sur\cyJ.
U.S. Dcpaftment of Agriculture, p. 1(! et seij.).
t " Sie vcrfolgen \ielmehr ganz bcstimmtc, geographisch bcgrenzte Strassen, deren Biegungcn
vorallem durcli die topographischen Vcrhiiltnisse der Gegenden bedingt werden "(J. A. I'almfn, Hefcrat
ilber den Stand iter Kenntniss den Voi/clzuges, p. 3). Professor I'almen, it should be mentioned, is
speaking of certain Arctic-breeding birds, but he appears to think the statement may be taken
generally.
2
( 18 )
There is auotlier jibase of the subject that deserves notice. In witnessing
migration in jirogress, esj)ecially over the sea, one can iiardly fail to remark that
certain " fly-lines " are followed. This phenomenon has sometimes led observers
to conclude that birds cross the sea from certain points only. This is probabl)' an
erroneous view, and we may expect to find that the departure takes jilace from
any point within the section of the coast corresponding to the migration route.
AVben an indiviilnal or a party takes the initiative, the force of example causes
the lead to be followed by other individuals or parties, and in this fashion a
" flv-line " is established.
HOW DO BIRDS FIND THEIR WAY?
When we turn to the (jnestion as to how birds direct and maintain their tlight
in the right direction, we are confronted with a problem of the most perplexing
kind, and one which is much complicate! by reason of the great diversity to be
observed in the movements of most s])ecies, and in the conditions under which
Ihe movements take place. Want of sustenance and temperature changes are
doubtless sufficient to lead birds to wander, but these causes operating alone are
just as likely to lead them to wander in the wrong direction. They need to be
associated with some other and more important factor before orderly progres.sion
in a definite direction becomes possible.
Many writers have supposed that guidance is afibrded by the i)romiuent
topographical features of a country, such as rivers and mountain systems. Let
us take the case of a common and widely distributed migratory species in our
own countrj', say, the Swallow, and consider how the individuals may, by the
aid of physical features, reach the sonth coast. During their flights in search of
food, individual Swallows, no matter what part of the couutry they occupy, are
pretty certain to explore a sufiiciently wide radius to make themselves acquainted
with numerous waterways. If a waterway is followed in the direction of the
stream, sooner or later the sea-board is reached. This, then, would be an easy
way of reaching the coast ; but there remains the difficulty of reaching the south
coast, and this difficulty is not at ail lessened in the case of those birds which
reach the east and west coasts, since a faculty that would enable them to follow
these coasts in a southerly direction would suffice to enable them to attain the
desired end by directing their flight from the first in a southerly direction. In
the case of great masses of land, the guidance afforded by following rivers or
mountain ranges would, as often as not, lead birds right out of their course.
Any one who examines the evideuce that has been adduced in support of
the theory that birds are guided by the i)rominent physical aspects of the laud
they traverse will, I think, not fail to become convinced of the inadei|uacy of
such guidance.
Some authorities of note have thought that the guidance may be due to a
"sense of direction," and in support of the theory have referred to the exercise
of such a faculty by human beings, especially savages, and by wild and domesti-
cated animals. It is to be observed, iiowever, tiiat this fjiculty is, to a very
large extent, correlated with experience ; and it seems doubtful, to say the least,
whether it can ever be " wholly indej)endent of intellectual forces," as is averred
by Trofessor Newton (oj/. cit. ]). oO!', footnote) ; for, if this were true, young
Buvages and young "homing" Pigeons wnuld find their way as easily as adults.
( 10 )
lu the case of a migrant, the faculty of orieutation is not only advantageous to
the individuals (as in the other cases mentioned), bnt absolutely indispensable
to the existence of tlie species, and leaves little room for adventitious elements.
I do not doubt that birds possess a sense of direction — indeed, this is evinced
in the well-known wanderings of Albatrosses in the Southern Ocean. While these
birds are extremely local during the breeding season, at other times they wander
great distances in any direction, although seldom beyond definite north and south
limits. The faculty whereby they direct their fliglit back to tlie breeding stations,
over hundreds of miles of open water, is doubtless akin to that exhibited by
savages and Pigeons.
ORIGIN OF BIRD-MIGRATION.
Several attempts have been made to trace the origin of the impulse nf migration
in the northern hemisphere to tliose secular changes of climate which resulted in
the Glacial Period. The theory is admirably stated by Dr. Allen {op. cit. pp. 100-
102), and I may here attemjjt a summary.
During the southward progress of the " ice-cap," the area occupied by many
species of birds would be gradually encroached upon, bnt the effect produced would
vary greatly in different cases. A species having a restricted northern habitat might
become extinct ; another species with an extensive latitudinal range, especially if
the northern limits of the range did not previously extend much beyond the southern
boundary of the ice, might be unaffected save for a lessening of area. " Opportunity
was given for the gradual adaptation of many forms to a lower temperature
than that to which they had been accustomed, and to an enforced change of food,"
thus leading to the evolution of new types. Dr. Allen thinks there was " a great
crowding together of exiles from the north into the more favoured regions to the
southward." This may be doubted. The process was so gradual that it is more
likely there resulted extinction or modification of the northern forms, and at the
culmination of the period of glaciation we may supjjose that a state approaching
equilibrium was reached. " Finally the ice receded to its present limits, and the
whole north, under radically altered climatic conditions, became again available for
occupation by the more or less modified descendants of the pre-glacial exiles." It
was at the time of the recession of the ice tliat the impulse of migration is sui)posed
to have originated and become established. During the milder i)eriod of the 3-ear
some species would seek to extend the bounds of their range — only, however, to be
driven back uj)on the approach of winter. This incipient migration would become
more orderly and also more extended as habitable land became available.
All that this h3'pothesis claims is that we must look to the changes of climate
induced in the northern hemisphere by the decline of the Glacial Period as the
ultimate cause of migration in this part of the globe. Indications are not wanting,
however, that, under conditions obtaining at the present time, the migratory impulse
tends to strengthen in some forms and to weaken in others.
An excellent illustration of this tendency is afforded by the American forms of
(Hocor'm alpt'stris. In Mr. Harry C Oberholser's careful and elaborate treatise
('' A Review of tlie Larks of the Genus Otocorin," I'lvc. U.S. yaf. Mks. xxiv.
pp. 801-883, pll. xliii-xlix) twenty-two New World forms are recognized. Of these
eleven are migratory, ten apparently resident, and one from lack of material
doubtful— namely, Otocoris alpcstrig pallida. The migratory forms mostly fall into
(20)
two series, one consisting of the northern forms 0. a. alpestris, hoijti and arcticola,
of which the breeding areas are north of parallel 47°N.; and the other of the central
forms (). a. strigata, merrilli, leucolne.ma, enthi/mia and praticola, almost confined to
the belt between 37 and 54 N. The three other migrator)- forms — namely, 0. a.
aclustu, ammopliila and occidfiifulis — occnjiy restricted breeding areas in the south-
west of the United States. Of the ten apjiarently resident forms, 0. a. ijiraudi,
peregrina, chrysolaema, oaxacae, aphrasta and diaphora, have ranges to the sonth of
any of the migratory forms, extending from about 32' N. to close to the Equator.
The four remaining forms, 0. a. insularig, actia, rubta and leuca)tsi])tila, occur in
the west and south-west of the United States. (Cf. Map, PI. XLVIl.)
AVe arrive, therefore, at the following results : —
1. All the Horned Larks which breed north of 41 N. hit. are migratory.
2. All the forms south of 30 N. are resident.
3. Between these parallels are fonnd forms apparently strictly resident, such as
0. alpestris rubea, which is confined to the Sacramento Valley, California ; and forms
distinctly migratory, such as 0. alpestris arliista.
Here we have an assemblage of closely allied forms, some of which are
eminently migratory, while others are sedentary, and between the extremes are
other forms which exhibit no "regular nor well-defined movement," although
" there exists a greater or less individual inclination to wander during the winter "
(p. S02). There is some likelihood that the northern forms developed the impulse
of migration in consequence of a gradual extension of range.
Most instructive instances of the development of migratory habits in con-
sequence of extension of range are fonnd in the almost exclusively tropical family
Trockilidue, one species, Selatop/iorus rufus, extending north-west in summer to
Cr N., while on the other hand Eusteplianus yalerifus "visits the inhospitable
shores of Tierra-del-Fuego, where it has been seen visiting the flowers of fuchsias in
a snowstorm, while it spends the winter in the warmer parts of ("hili and Bolivia"
fA. R. Wallace, Troincal Sature, ed. 1891, p. 323).
(21 )
LEPIDOPTERA FROM THE SUDAN.
By WILLIAM WARREN, M.A., F.E.g., and THE HON. N. CHARLES
ROTHSCHILD, M.A., F.L.S.
(Plate IV.)
THE specimens mentioned in the present article were collected in the Sudan by
the jnnior anther, the Hon. Francis R. Henley, and Mr. A. F. N. Wollaston
in 1904.*
1 . Papilio demodocus Esp., . \us/. Srhm. p. 20.5. n. 9a. t. .^l. fig. 1 (1 798) (" China,"
" Bengalen," loci error).
2 ? ?, Khartoum, Feliruary 18th, 1904.
This species was abundant at Khartdum in the Zoological Gardens, flying round
lemon trees {Citrus).
2. tDanaida chrysippus f. chrysippus (Linn.), Si/sf. Nat. ed. x. p. 471 (175.S)
(lig.vpt)-
3 c?c?, 1 ?, Nakheila, R. Atbara, February 1904.
3. tDanaida chrysippus f. dorippus (King), S</m/). Phys. text t. 48. f. 1-.') (184;"))
(Dongola).
2 c?cJ, 1 ?, Nakheila, R. Atbara, Jannary 31st, February 1st and 0th, 1904.
4. Pyrameis cardiii (Linn.), Sijst. Kut. ed. x. p. 475. u. 107 (1758) (Europe).
1 S, Nakheila, R. Atbara, Feliruary 13th, 1904.
• <. Belenois mesentina (Cram.), Pap. E.rot. iii. p. 140. t. 27(t. f. A. B. (1782)
(Coromandel).
4 cJc?, 4 $ ?, Nakheila, II. Atbara, January 3oth— February 'ith, 1904.
0. tTeracolus daira (Klug), ,Si/m/k Phys. text t. 8. f. 1-4 fl829) (Arabia Felix) ;
Sharpe, Moitograiih Toarolus p. 125 (1901).
9 Si, Si ? ?, Nakheila, R. Atbara, Jannary 30th— Febrnary 12th, 1904.
No specimens of the " dry season form " t liagore (King) were observed. One
? example secured shows traces of the orange patch on the forewing.
7. Teracolus protomedia (Klug), Si/mb. Phy». text t. 8. f. 13. 14 (1829) (Arabia
Felix).
1 SS,\ ?, Nakheila, R. Atbara, January 31st— February 12th, 1904.
' Species marked thus, f, were treated of in our previous paper oii " Egyptian aud Soudanese
Lcpidoptera," Kow Zool. vol. viii. pp. 42G-434 (ISIUI).
(22 )
S. Teracolns evarne (King), S</ml>. P//>/s. text t. 0. f. 1-4 (lS2n) (Ambukol) ;
Sharpe, MonoiirajJi Teracolns p. Oil (lltOd).
22 cJcf, 6 ? ?, Naklieila, R. Atbara, January 31st— February Uth, 1904.
'1. Teracolus pseudacaste r.iitl., /'. Z. s. p. ],-,(i. t. (\. f. 11 (ISTO) (White Nile).
7 <Jc?, 2 ? 9, Nakbeila, It. Atbnrn, January 31st— Febrnary 12tli. 1004.
111. tCupido baeticus (Linn.), S;/sf. ^'(ll. eJ. xii. p. 789. n. 220 (1767) (Barbary).
7 (?(?, S ? ?, Nakheila, H. Atbara, January 30th— February Otli, 1904.
11. tCupido ubaldus (< 'ram.), Poji. Kr. iv. p. 209. t. 390. f. l. jr. (1782)
(C'oromandel).
2 c?(?, 2 ¥ ?, Nakheila, R. Atbara, February 3ra— lltli, 1904.
1-. tCupido theophrastus (Fabr.), lu//. Si/xf. iii. i, p. 281. n. 32 (1793)
(Morocco). (PI. IV. fig.' 17 J, 18 ¥).
22 (?c?, 8 ? ?, Nakheila, R. Atbara, January 31st— Febrnary 11th, 1904.
This species was generally to be found in company with the next, fretpienting
the long coarse grass near the river.
13. tCatachrysops eleusis (Demaison), 7>!//L Sor. Knt. Fr. (G). viii. \\ 60
(1888) (Egypt). (PI. IV. tig. 1.3 i, 10 ?).
27 SS, 1.-) ? ?, Nakheila, ]{. Atbara, January 31st,— February 13th, 1904.
13a. Zizera karsandra (Jloore), P. '/.. S. p. 505. t. 31. f. 7 (1865) (Bengal).
1 J, Xaklieila, K. Atbara, Febrnary 4th, 1904.
14. Celerio lineata livornica (Esper), lu/r. Sr/nz/rff. ii. p. ,SS (1779) (Italy).
1 J, AVaJy Haifa, Febrnary 23rd, 1904.
17). Odontocheilopteryx griseata spec. uov.
(?. Forciring : grey, darker in the central area; basal lino blackish, waved,
edged on both sides with whitish ; outer line at two-thirds, oblique outwards from
costa to vein (i, then oblique inwards, crenulate, edged with whitish, which is most
marked at costa and before inner margin and there itself followed by a dark line ;
submarginal line dentate, blackish, sj)acc between outer and submarginal line often
brown-tinged, this colour sometimes extending to base ; fringe mottled with daik
grey, and jiale along base ; a blackish bhitch at end of submarginal line on inner
margin.
Ilimlwiixj : i)ale greyisli ochreous ; fringe grey, above anal angle blackish.
Underside : basal half of forewing dark grey, containing a slight pale spot
at end of cell, which is faintly visible on upper side, and fcdlowcd by a pale costal
spot ; outer half of wing pale grey ; hindwing pale grc^v, with curved dark grey
central line and dark sjiot at anal angle.
Head, thorax, and abdomen grey ; antennae pale greyish ochreous.
( 23 )
? pale smoky grey, darker towards base and inner margin, with tliree waved
parallel dark grey lines beyond middle ; underside of both wings pale grey.
Expanse of wings : cJ, ~4 mm. ; ? , 35 mm.
Near to (>. sohria (Wlk.) from Natal, and ohsoleta (King) from Nubia and
Upper Egypt.
S S'S, 2 ??, Nakheila, R. Atbara, Febrnary 4tli— 0th ; 1 i, Merawi,
N. Sudan, March 12th; 1 S, Shcrcik, N. Sudan, January I'.itli, 19n4.
Hi. Beralade pura spec. nov. (PI. IV. fig. 13 cJ).
Fori'irhig : white; the costal edge finely ochraceons ; fringe white, faintly
ghissy : a faint trace of a pale brown oblique line from the direction of apex to
before middle of inner margin.
Ilimhriiiij : white.
Underside white; the veins and marginal line slightly ochraceons.
Head, thorax, and abdomen white; palpi dull yellow, externally fnscons ; legs
white, the fore-knees fuscous ; all the tarsi yellow with black rings ; antennae
ochraceons.
Eximnse of wings : 40 mm.
1 (J, Shereik, N. Sudan, January 10th, 1004.
The single specimen came to light. An acetylene lamp with a " sheet," similar
to that used in the Fens of Clambridgeshire, was employed.
IT. Cossus henleyi spec. nov. (PI. IV. fig. 14 $).
Forririiu/ : dark grey, with a rufous tinge at middle of wing in the snbmedian
interval ; costal area with numerous short black streaks, some of which are
l}roduced across wing as dark lines ; one before middle, a second jnst beyond it,
the two ajiproximated below the median ; one at two-thirds to near anal angle,
and a fourth before hiudmargin, ending above anal angle and ramifying towards
margin ; fringe iron-grey.
Iliiiihciiig : much paler grey, towards apex whitish, with dark grey rijipjing
between the veins ; fringe grey.
Underside pale dull cinereous; costal streaks of forewing short and thick;
lines only visible towards hindniai'gin ; liindwinj,' like foi'ewiiiij- in tint, the costa
tliickly dusted with blacjcish.
Head, thorax, and abdomen grey; tips of slioulders and patagia, and basal
segments of dorsnni black; antennae black ; legs dark and light grey.
Expanse of wings : 40 mm.
9 c?c?, Nakheila, R. Atbara, February Tth, Sth, 1904.
All the specimens came ti> light, settling at once on the sheet. This species
is named in honour of the Hon. Francis R. Henley.
IS. Ilema heuleyi spec. nov. (PI. IV. fig. 31?).
ForeiciiKj : cinereous, speckled with blackish ; at about one-third is a broad
curved fascia constricted in middle, where the pale basal area projects into it; the
costal, inner, and hindmargins are also sprinkled with black scales, and possibly in
quite fresh examples the whole area is thus sprinkled ; at two-thirds there are
traces of an oblique line marked liy black dashes on veins ; before the marginal
( '24 )
area there appears to be an oblique space of pale groniid-colonr ; marginal blackish
spots at ends of veins ; fringe grey.
Jliiifhring : wliite, the fringe inphidetl.
Underside white, the forewing slightlj- grey-tinged.
Hi>ad and thorax pale grey ; abdomen more Inteons,
E.xpanse of wings : 32 mm.
1 ? Nakheila, R. Atbara, Febrnary 0th, 1904.
This species is named in honour of the Hon. Francis 11. Henley.
19. Agrotis segetum (Schiff.), Wien. Verz.\\ SI (1776).
1 ?, Nakheihi, H. Atbara, February 7th, 1904.
20. Euxoa spinifera Hill)., Sinnnil. llur. Selnn. Noct. f. 389 (1827).
1 ¥, Nakheila, 1{. Atbara, February .jth; 1 J, 4 5 5, Merawi, N. Sudan, March
rjth— Ifltli.
1 ? , Kerma, N. Sudan, Febrnary 2r)th, 1904.
21. tLaphygma exigua (Hiib.), Samml. Eur. Srhm. Noct. f. 362 (1827).
1 S, Nakheila, U. Atbara, February 7th, 1904.
22. Tatorhyncus vinctalis (Wlk.), Cat. Lep. B. M. xxxiv. p. 1476 (1865)
(S. India, Australia).
1 <?, Nakheila, R. Atbara, Febrnary 6th, 1904.
23. Heliothis dipsacea (Linn.), Syst. Nat. ed. xii. p. S.oe. n. 185 (1767).
1 ?, Kerma, N. Sudan, March 5th, 1904.
24. tPandesma quenavadi (Guen.), Lep. vi. Noct. ii. p. 438. n. 1310
(1852) (Sylhet).
2 S S, Nakheila, R. Atbara, February 13th, and Kerma, N. Sudan, March 6th,
1904.
25. Pericyma fasciolata spec nov. (Pi. IV. fig. UcJ, 21¥).
? . Forewing : dusty grey ; the basal patch dark grey, edged by a fine concise
blackish line ; outer line also fine and concise, at two-thirds, curved in slightly
round lower angle of cell, followed by a thick grey line jjarallel to it ; between the
two fine lines the ground-colour is somewhat paler and crossed by three vertical
waved dark bands, all bent in cell, the outer two darker and double, tlie last
including in its bend the finely edged reniform cell-spot ; a slight pale submarginal
line, followed at apex by a dark blotch ; hindmargin crcnulate, slightly marked
with black between the veins ; fringe full, dusty grey.
llindwiny : a little jiaier, with traces of postmedian and submarginal waved
lines.
Underside greyish white, with grey speckling ; apex of forewing tinged with
grey.
( 25 )
Head, thorax, and abdomen gre}- ; abdomen beneath and legs whitish ; paljii
internally whitish, blackish externally.
Some ? ? are almost wholly brownish grey, with the markings obscured ; in
one ? , larger than all the rest and somewhat worn, the ground colonr seems to
have been mixed with Inteons.
c? with forewing mncli brighter ; tlie pale grey tints becoming whitish and the
dark grey tints blackish, especially towards the two fine lines, which are mnch more
strongly marked. The hindwings are whitish.
Expanse of wings : 24-26 mm.
3 (?<:?, 10 ? ?. Nakheila, I{. Atbsira, .Tannary .31st, Febrnary 13th, 10(i4.
20. Grammodes stolida (Fabr.), Knt. S;/st. p. 599. u. 38 (ITTS) (E. Indies).
1 S, Nakheila, U. Atbara, February 1st, 1904.
27. Synthimia exsiccata spec, nov (PI. IV. fig. 19(?, 30?).
Forewing : pale ochreons, with a jiale brownish tinge, and dusted with brown
scales ; a pale waved inner line with sliglit brownish edging ; a pale outer line tit
two-thirds, parallel to hindmargin, recurved above to costa, its outer edge marked
by brown dashes on veins ; this outer line is preceded by a curved brown fascia
widening upwards, and followed by a grey-brown fascia of uniform width, and which
reaches costa, margined outwardly by a pale snbmarginal line ; a row of brown
marginal spots ; fringe ochreons.
IliiKliciiKj : white, slightly washed with ochreons ; marginal line ochreons ;
fringe white.
Underside pale glossy ochreons.
Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreons ; the corneous frontal spines black.
Expanse of wings : 30 mm.
The description is made from the clearest marked ¥ ; some specimens are much
paler, showing scarcely any traces of the markings.
1 (J, 3 ? ?, Merawi, N. Sudan, 13-15th March 1904.
2 ? ? , Nakheila, R. Atbara, Febrnary 5th and 7th.
28. t Acantholipes circumdata (Wlk.), Cat. Lep. B.M. xv. p. 1763
(1858) (Congo).
1 ?, Nakheila, K. Atbara, February 7th, 1004.
29. Eublemma scitula (Ramb.), Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. (1). ii. p. 2(5. t. 2. f 10
(1S33) (Spain). (PI. IV. fig. 29J).
1 ?, Nakheila, R. Atbara, Febrnary 7th, 19(14.
30. Raparna bipuncta spec. nov. (PI. IV. fig. 24(?).
Forewing : white with a faint ochreons tinge ; a black dot in the cell and
another at the end ; fringe concohirons.
llimlwing : white, without the ochreons (inge ; fringe white.
f 26 )
Underside wliitn : forowiiig tinged with oelireoiis towards costa.
Head and thorax white ; abdomen white tinged with oehreons ; poljii externally
och reous.
Expanse of wings : 10 mm.
Near /?. lactea Swinh., from India, but smaller.
1 ?, Nakheila, R. Atbara, February Tth, 10i)4.
31. Raparna minima spec. nov. (PI. IV. fig. 23c?).
Forcwing : whitish, with a jireyish oihreons tinge, except along costn, and
between the veins finely dusted with grey ; fringe slightly paler, bnt tinged
with grey.
IliiuhriiK/ : with a slight ot'hreoiis tinge, but without grey dusting; fringe
white.
Underside of forewing greyish oehreons, with i)aler fringe ; of hindwing wliite.
Head and thorax white : abdomen whitish : palpi externally grey.
Expanse of wings : J 13 mm. ; ? l-"i mm.
2 c?cf 1 ?, K. Atbara, Feb. 3rd— 6th, 10ii4.
32. Metachrostis badia fRwinh.), P. Z. S. p. 44:. (18Sr,) fJIhow).
1 9. Niikheilii. li. Atbnrn. February nth. IO114.
33. fPlusia limbirena Guen., Lfy>. vi. Noet. ii. \k 3."iit (ISHS) (('n\>c of Good
Hope, etc.).
1 tJ, Nakheila, R. Atbarn, February 8th, 1904.
34. Plusia circumflexa rLinn.), Si/sf. Nat. ed. x. p. S44. u. 12S (i:.>8) fEuroiJe).
! ¥, Kerma, N. Sudan, February 2(jth, 1904.
3r>. Galasa pulvemlenta spec. nov. (PI. IV. fig. 34).
Fm-eicing : dull biownish grey, dusted with darker; costal edge pale with dark
dots; no distinct lines; a slight jwle disial s]iot with some dark scales inter-
mixed ; fiinge concolorous, with fine dark dusting.
Hind winy : greyish white, darker towards npex ; fringe white.
Underside glossy whitish ; the forewing tinged with greyish lutcous in the
disc; the costa oehreons with dark spots; fringe ochreous ; hindwing and fringe
whitish.
Head, thorax, and abdomen jiale grey ; the fiiee more whitish ; tarsi fuscous
with pale rings.
Expanse of wings : 2i) mm.
1 ?, Nakheila, R. Atbara, Febrnary Tth, 1904.
3(1. Euchloris dissimilis spec. nov. (II. IV. fig. 27?).
Forewing: cream-colour, with two thick brown lines curved parallel to hind-
margin ; the first from before middle of costa to one-third of inner margin ; the
second close to hindmargin ; a slight brown marginal line dotted darker on veins ;
fringe concolorons ; cell-spot black, distinct.
(27 )
Ifindirinq : jmlev, witli nutov lino only, nml tlmt, indistinct.
Untlrrsiile of fovowing tinged with greenish towards costa ; cell-spot dark ;
enter line thick and dift'ase greenish grey ; the apex dusted with grey.
Head, thorax, and abdomen nil whitish.
Expanse of wings : 15mm.
From the neiiration this must be referred to the snbfamily Geometrinae, where
it comes nearest to K. ochrra Warr. and uridida Swinh.; but in the present species
the costal and subcostal of the hindwing nnnstomose for nearly the whole length of
cell, as in Si/ndromodes.
2 ? ?,'Niil<heila. R. Atbnra, Feb. 4th and 7th, 1004.
37. Syndromodes unicolor Warren, Nor. Zool. iv. p. 45 (1807) (S. Africa).
3 c?(?, 2 ¥ ?, Nakheila, R. Atbara, February 0th, 7th, 1904.
38. Microloxia ruficornis Warren, Noc. Zool. iv. p. 42 (1897) (Natal).
1 cT, 1 ?, Nakheila, R. Atbara, February 5th, Gth, 1904.
30. Cosymbia marcida spec nov. (PL IV. fig. 28 $).
Forriciiifi : ochreons with a faint flesh-coloured tint : lines slightly dnrkoi', very
fiiini, and often obsolete, parallel to hindmargin ; basal at one-fourth, median at
one-half, and outer at three-quarters of inner margin, all becoming evanescent before
eosta ; hindmargin and fringe dee]ier, like the lines ; cell-spot white with faintly
darker edges.
Hiiulwiiuj : with costal area pale ; median line only visible, on inner margin.
Underside ochreons, thickly striated with dull pink; the outer line on both
wings curved, pinkish. Head, thorax, abdomen, and legs ochreons ; face pale
brown.
Expanse of wings : 20 mm.
5 (?c?, 8 ? S, Nakheila, R. Atbara, Fcbrnary 5th— Otb, 1004.
411. Ptychopoda crassisquama spec. nov. (PI. IV. fig. 3(i ?).
Forrwincf : ochraceous, dusted with purplish grey scales ; the markings of the
same tint, formed by rather coarse scales; tliese are a broad antemedian tascia and
two waved bands jiostmcdian and submarginal ; some dark irregular scales along
hindmargin ; cell-spot small and black ; fringe ochraceous, thickly dusted with grey.
flim/ifiiH/ : with the base grey ; the space between it and the postmedian band
narrow ; cell-spot black.
Underside dull testaceous, the dark tints showing tlirongh.
Face and palpi dark brown ; vertex, antennae, and thorax ochraceous ; abdomen
ochraceous sjieckled with purplish.
Expanse of wings : 13 mm,
1 ?, Nakheila, R. Atbara, February 7th, 1904.
41. Ptychopoda microptera s])cc. nov. (PI. IV. fig. 37 ?).
Forc/n'/K/ : stone grey dusted coarsely with dark scales ; costa with a black
sjiot just before the middle, from which an obscure dark median line runs oblii|ueiy
( 28 )
inwavfls to before middle of inner margin ; a smaller costnl dot nearer base indicates
tlie commencement of an inner line which ai^iears to cnrve ontwards and touch the
median line in midwing ; a similar dark dot towards apex denotes the submarginal
line ; a black cell-dot at two-thirds ; fringe dusty grey.
Ilimhriiig : with black cell-dot, and faint inner and outer lines.
Underside jjale grey ; cell-spots black in both wings.
Face and ])alpi black ; vertex, thorax, and abdomen pale grey ; the vertex and
shoulders sometimes whiter.
Expanse of wings : 8 mm.
The wings long and narrow ; superticially the insect resembles a small Tinea.
2 ? ?, Nakheila, R. Atbara, February 6th, 1904.
42. Ptychopoda granulosa spec. nov. (PI. IV. fig. 38).
Forewing : mealy olive-grey; lines denoted by a few black scales, most distinct
at costa ; first cnrved at one- fourth ; median slightly curved inwards, more distini't
than the rest; exterior and submarginal only marked at costa; fringe full,
concolorous with wing ; no cell-spot.
Iliiuhring : with only the median shade expressed.
Underside as upper, but dusted with darker and coarser scales; median and
outer lines marked towards costa.
Head, thorax, and abdomen all olive-grey ; face and ])al]ii black.
Expanse of wings : 10 mm.
Extremely like the jirecediug sjiecies, P. m/rropfi'ni. from which it can be at
once distinguished by the absence of cell-spots.
2 ? ?, Nakheila, R. Atbara, February 0th and 12th, 1004.
4:!. fPseudosterrha gayneri Rothsch., JXm: Zoo/, viii. j). 433 (1001) (Sliendi).
1 ?, Nakheila, R. Atbara, February 2nd, 1004 (PI. IV. lig. 10 ¥ .)
44. Zamarada secutaria (Guen.), Li'/j. x. Phal. ii. ]>. 4."). n. '.too (1857) (Abyssinia).
1 (?, 3 ? ?, Nakheila, R. Atbara, February 4th— Sth ; 1 ?, Kerma, N. Sudan,
February 25th, 1904.
45. tTephrina disputaria (Guen.), Lrp. x.Phal. ii. \>. 480. n. ITlo (1857) (Egypt).
(PI. IV. tig. 20 ?,25 (J.)
3 (?<?, 20 ? ?. Nakheila, R. Atbara, February 5th— 11th, 19()4.
40. Peridela sudanata spec. nov. (PI. IV. fig. 20 <J).
Fore/riiKj : dirty whitish ochrcous, with an olive-grey suftnsion in basal and
marginal areas ; the jialer central area dusted with grey striae ; costa dotted with
black ; lines blackish, interrujited ; first curved at one-third ; median shade diffuse,
passing outside the black cell-sjiot ; outer line at three-fourths, oblii|uely curved
outwards, black and distinct fiom costa to vein 0, there angled and oblique inwards,
less distinct, to inner margin at three-fourths, followed by a dark cloud, which is
marked with a black spot above vein 0 and by a black blotch on submedian fold ;
all the other lines similarly blotched along this fold; an interrupted dark marginal
line ; fringe grey.
( 29 )
Iliudiving : with blackisli cell-siiot, and indistinct central and postmedian
lines ; the snbmargiual shade bioadei- and complete.
Underside much jjaler, whitish with a faint yellowish tinge, coarsely grey-
s])eckled ; cell-spots black ; marginal area grey beyond a smoky-grey submarginal
shade.
Head, thorax, and abdomen like wings ; centre of vertex, base of shoulders, and
tips of patagia blackish.
Expanse of wings : 25 mm.
Forewiug with large fovea: hindmargin of hiudwing scarcely elbowed at
vein 4.
■2 (?c?, Nakheila, R. Atbara, February Tth, 8th, 1904.
47. tCrocalia aglossalis Hag., Am/. Soc. Ent. Fr. (6). ii. p. 635 (1891) (Karachi).
1 J, Nakheila, K. Atbara, February 2nd, 1904.
48. tScotomera woUastoni llothsih., JSloc. Zool. viii. p. 433 (1901) (>Sheudi).
'2 S 6, Nakheila, li. Atbara, February Tth, 1904.
49. Pyralis obsoletalis (Mann), Wien. Ent. Mon. viii. p. 179 (1864) (Brnssa).
1 c^, Nakheila, II. Atbara, February 6th, 1904.
5(». Diplopseustis perieresalis (Wlk.), Cat. Lep. B. M. xix, p. 958 (Borneo).
1 ?, Nakheila, R. Atbara, February 4th, 1904.
51. Marasmia trapezalis (Guen.), Lcp. Delt. ,)'■ P>/r. p. 200 (1854) (S. Leone).
2 (?(?, Nakheila, R. Atbara, February 2nd and Tth, 1904.
52. Hellula undalis (Fabr.), Ent. Si/st. iii. 2. p. 226 (1T94) (Italy).
2 <?(?, Nakheila, River Atbara, February 5th and Tth, 1904.
53. Nomophila noctuella (Schitf.), Wien. Verz.\^. 136(1776).
4 ? ?, Nakheila, R. Atbara, February 1st— 6th, 1904.
54. Cornifrons ulceratalis Led., Wien. Eiif. Mon. ii. p. 147 (1858) (Damascus).
5 ? ?, Nakheila, R. Atbara, February 2nd— Pith, 1904.
55. Pachyzancla phaeopteralis (Guen.), J.ejj. Belt. <]'• Fi/r. p. 349. n. 409 (1854)
(8. America).
1 cf, Nakheila, R. Atbara, February 4th, 1904.
56. Cybolomia pentadalis Led., Ver/i. Z. B. Ver. Wien v. p. 217 (1855).
1 ¥, Nakheila, R. Atbara, February 5th, 1904.
The present example is much more strongly streaked than the Syrian types.
Two examples iu the National Collection, however, from Aden are intermediate.
( 30 )
57. Cybolomia simplex si)ec. uov. (PI. IV. fig. 5 ?).
Fore u-i riff : sandy ochreous (?), or pale ochreous (c?), unmarked, excej)t b}-
a minute black speck at end of cell, and three or four blackish dots on the pale
costal edge ; a row of very minute daric dots before bindmargiu ; fringe slightly
grey-mottled.
Ilhidiciiiff : paler, especially towards base.
Underside pale ochreous : both wings finely dusted with blackish along costa
and with minute black marginal dots.
Thorax and abdomen ochreous without dusting ; head, antennae, and pul[ii
jialer, speckled with black.
Expanse of wings : 10 mm.
I 6, 1 ?, Nakheila, R. Atbara, February 5th, 1904.
58. Anerastia lotella (Hub.), Samml. Eur. Srlmi. Tin. f. :i34 (17y0).
4 c?c?, :^ ? ?, Nakheila, R. Atbara, February 4th— 11th, 1904.
69. Anerastia stigmatella Rag., Noac. Gi-ii. p. 49 (1888) (E. Indies).
1 ?, Nakheila, H. Atbara, February 4th, 1904.
00. Gymnancyla canella (Hiib.), Samml. Eur. Sc/im., Tin. f. 289 (1T96).
1 ?, Nakheila, R. Atbara, February 5th, 19n4.
01. Ephestia calidella Gnen., /m/. M'tlwd. p. 82 (1845) (Hyeres).
1 ?, Nakheila, R. Atbara, February 7th, 1904.
02. Ephestia figulilella Gregs., Entom. v. \k 365 (IsO.d) (Liverpool).
1 6i Nakheila, R. Atbara, February 0th, 1904.
03. Nephopteryx ferrealis llmpsn.. Auk. .Va;/. .V. //. (7). i. p. loi (1898)
(rretoria) (Fl. IV. fig. 4ii ?).
0 ? ?, Nakheila, R. Atbara, February 0th— 13th, 19n4.
04. Salebria metamelana Hmpsn., F. Z. .■s. p. 271 (1890) (Aden).
2 ? ?, Nakheila, R. Atbara, February 4th and 0th, 1904.
05. Euzophera trigeminata spec. nov. (Fl. IV. fig. 0 ?).
Foreiri/iff : chalk-white ; with a pair of black spots and two pairs of transverse
grey lines ; first spot on subcostal vein close to base, second at end of cell ; first
pair of lines antemedian, bent outwards at first, then vertical ; second pair beyond
discal spot, sinuous and crinkled, darker marked ou costa ; fringe white, witli a
slight dark line at base and the apical half grey.
Ilimhciny : whitish, with grey cell-spot and grey submarginal and marginal
lines, not reaching anal angle ; fringe white.
( 31 )
Underside of forewin^r ocbreous-tinged, with the cell-spot, two onter lines and
fringe grey; hindwing whitish, with the submarginal line and cell-spot.
Head, thorax, and abdomen white, the last somewhat grey-tinged.
E.Npanse of wings : IT — 20 mm.
2 ? V', Nakheila, R. Atbara, February 4th, 1004.
60. Epischnia masticella Uag., in RomanoJf\ Man. Lcp. vii. p. 4'.J8 (1893)
(Persia).
1 ¥, Nakheila, 11. Atbara, February .jth, 1U04.
07 Epischnia cinerosalis sjjec. uov. (PI. IV. iig. 2 ? ).
Forewiny : pale grey, densely covered with blackish grey scales, except close
to base, along an outwardly obli(ine inner line and a sinuous outer line, which are
slightly paler ; the inner line is followed by a blacker shade ; the outer is strongly
bulged outwardly in middle and insinuate beyond cell and on submediau fold ; an
obscure angled blackish cell-mark ; fringe pale grey.
lluultviitij: pearly whitish, with a grey cloud at apex and narrow grey line
along hiudmargiu ; fringe whitish, with a rather broad grey basal line.
Underside glossy, greyish white.
Head, thorax, and abdomen grey speckled with darker ; palpi externally
blackish.
Expanse of wings : 22 mm.
1 ¥ , Nakheila, R. Atbara, February 8th, 1904.
OS. Heterographis rivulalis spec nov. (PI. IV. fig. 7 f ).
Forewini] : olive-grey, finely speckled with darker olive and rufous scales ;
first line from about one-fourth of costa to one-third of inner margin, obli([ne outwards,
pale, preceded by a crinkled line of fine black scales and followed by a fuscous shade ;
outer line pale, edged on both sides, but more thickly inwardly, with fuscous,
indented basewards beyond coll and on submedian fold ; some dark scales represent
the ci'll-mark ; a marginal line of crinkled black scales ; fringe pale grey, with a
darker middle line.
Iliiulwiny : pearly white, with tine grey marginal line ; fringe white, with grey
basal line.
Underside glossy whitish ; forewiug shaded with rufous grey.
Head, thorax, and abdomen like wings.
Expanse of wings : lU mm.
1 ?, Nakheila, R. Atbara, February Uth, l'J04.
0'.». Eromene ocellea (Haw.), Lcjj. Brit. iii. p. 4s0 (lsl2) (Suburbs of London).
1 6, Nakheila, R. Atbara, February 2nd, iyu4.
70. Polyocha anerastiodes spec. uov. (PI. IV. fig. 3?).
Forcirimi : ochreous, overlaid with reddish ochraceous scales ; the costal streak
remaining pale ochreous without any dusting ; fringe concolorous.
Hindwing : pearly white, with an ochreous grey marginal line swollen into a
slight cloud at ajiex ; fringe white, with a dark basal line.
(32 )
Underside of forewing yellowish ochreons ; of hiudwiiig white.
Abdomen like wiugs ; shonlders, jjatagia, and face ochreons, like the costal
stripe.
Expanse of wings : 35 mm.
2 ??, Shereik, N. Sudan, January 18th, 10(J4; and Nakheila, R. Atbara,
February 8tb.
71. Arenipses sabella (Hmpsn.), in Romanoff, Mem. Lqi. viii. p. oUl (1901) (Fao).
2 JJ, -i ? ? ; tlie 6S and 1 ? from Nakheila, W. Atbara, February (3th, Tth :
3 ¥ ¥ from Merawi, X. «udau, March l~'th— 14th, l'.)ii4 (PI. IV. fig. 32, 39, S ?.)
The SS are typical, but the ? ? much redder than the Arabian type, and look
almost a different insect.
72. Platytes impar spec. nov. (PI. IV. fig. 8 S).
cJ. Forewing : olive-ochreous, with faint darker dusting, this ground-colour
showing only in central area and towards apex ; the basal area is filled with very neat
dark grey dusting and bounded by a distinct black nearly vertical line at one-third ;
outer line from two-thirds of costa to three-fourths of inner margin, outcurved
above, then sinuous, more or less parallel to hindmargin ; marginal area filled up
with a grey cloud, leaving apex pale ; a line of black dots before hindmargin ;
fringe with two fine crinkled grey lines at base and broadly grey beyond, but with
a pale patch above anal angle : a pale spot on costa on each side of outer line ; cell-
spot grey, double, hardly visible.
Ilinfliriny : ochreons grey, darker towards apex, witli a faint darker outer line
and blackish marginal line ; fringe wholly ochreons.
Underside pale ochreons, heavily dusted with dark grey along costa of both
wings ; outer line and marginal spots shown ; fringe as above.
Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous ; palpi externally grey.
? much paler : without dark basal patch and marginal clond ; the lines faint ;
fringe quite pale and hiudwing whitish ; the bipiiuctate cell-mark of forewing
plainer.
Expanse of wings : cJ, 13 mm. ; ? , 16 mm.
The indentation in hindmargin below apex of forewing is much deeper in the c? .
2 c?c?, 2 ? ?, Nakheila, R. Atbara, January 31st— February 7th, 19U4.
73. Alavona semilactea spec. nov. (PI. IV. fig. 12 S).
Forewing ; cream-white ; the markings olive-brown : these are a basal patch
with curved outer edge, and a postmedian fascia of irregular shape, the inner half
approaching basal patiih below middle and sometimes consisting of two arms
enclosing a small space of the white ground-colour, the outer running obliquely
outward to a dark spot in middle of wing before hiudmargin, and diffused to
anal angle ; all these brown markings are edged and speckled with black scales ;
a curved band of olive and black scales before hindmargin; fringe deep, olive-
brown and white, with a central blackish line ; tlic wliite areas are also speckled
with black scales.
Hind winy : brown-grey, whitish towards base ; fringe white, with irregularly
arranged brownish grey scales on basal half.
( 33 )
Underside olive grey-browu, varied with ochreous white, the pale areas much
more restricted than on the npperside.
Head, palpi, and shoulders white ; antennae grey, with the shaft white ;
thorax and abdomen white, partly mixed with olive-grey.
Expanse of wings : 18 — 30 mm.
y cJc?, 1 ?, Nakheila, R. Atbara, February 4th— Sth, I'Mi.
Perissomastix gen. uov.
Head rough ; tongue obsolete ; antennae longer than forewing, lamellate, the
segments closely appressed, basal segment elongate, swollen ; labial palpi well
developed, porrect, the segments distinct ; second segment haired beneath, terminal
as long as second ; maxillary palpi obsolete.
Wings shaped and scaled as in Tinea.. In forewing one vein is wanting —
presumably 9 ; 7, 8 stalked. In hindwing all the veins are preseut, but o, (j are
stalked. In the forewing beneath the base of costa bears a small hair-tuft; the
costal vein is shortly fringed along basal half; across the cell before middle there
is a cushion of thickened scales, showing as a slight prominence on the npperside.
Type : F. nigriccps spec. nov.
74. Perissomastix nigriceps spec. nov. (PI. IV. fig. 9 cj).
Forew/i/</ : fuscous brown, with some paler scales in parts, without markings ;
fringe paler.
Hindwing : ochreous white, the fringe more ochreous.
Underside of both wings pale glossy ochreous.
Head and palpi black-brown, the palpi pale at the joints ; antennae ochreous ;
thorax and patagia smooth, grey ; abdomen greyish ochreous.
Expanse of wings : 19 mm.
1 ? , Nakheila, li. Atbara, February 5th, 1904.
( 34 )
NEW SPECIES OE GE03IETBIDAE FROM THE
AETHIOPIAN REGION.
By WILLIAM WARREN, M.A., F.E.S.
Subfamily ORTHOSTIXINAE.
1. Cartaletis concolor spec. nov.
Differs from C. monteironis Driice in being paler ; a very pale straw-colour,
•without any rcdilish tint ; the ])ale blotches of forewing and spots of hindwing in
the marginal areas are concolorons with the ground-colour, not bright white.
The nuderside of abdomen is of the same pale straw-yellow as the wings,
instead of dull orange, as in monteironis.
Expanse of wings : .5'2 mm.
1 (?, 1 ? from Zululand, October I'.JOl.
Subfamily GEOMETRINAE.
-'. Nemoria dorsicristata spec. nov.
Forewing : dull grey-green, the marginal area somewhat paler ; cell-spot
rather large, dull blackish ; outer line darker grey-green, thick, below the middle
edged with shining whitish, from three-fourths of costa to four-fifths of inner
margin, oblique outwards to vein 6, there bluntly bent, and obliquely waved
inwards ; a very obscure dark curved shade at one-third ; fringe paler, like the
margin.
Hindicinff : similar, the postmedian line white-bordered throughout.
Underside uniform whitish green.
Face and thorax green like the wings ; vertex eleeper green ; abdomen paler,
the third and fourth dorsal segments marked with partially raised black scales
edged with reddish ; palpi pale with darker tips ; fillet and antennae snow-white ;
legs and underside of abdomen pale ; forelegs in front rosy tinged.
Exjianse of wings : :i2 mm.
I S from Durban, Natal (G. F. Leigh).
3. Syndromodes delicata spec. nov.
Forewing : pale bluish green ; the costal edge white ; first line curved at
one-third ; second sinuous from three-fourths of costa to two-thirds of inner margin,
but both marked only by white, sometimes obscure, spots on veins ; traces of a
similar snbmarginal line ; cell-spot small, white ; marginal line fine, dark brown,
widely interrupted by large white spots at the vein-ends, which are followed by
subquadrate grey spots in the pure white fringe.
Iliruhciny : similar, without first line.
Underside uniform pale green ; the costa of forewing whitish.
( 35)
Face and palpi olive-brown; vertex and antennae white; thorax greea ;
abdomen faded, probably greenish ochreons, with fonr white, red-edged dorsal spots-
Expanse of wings : 22 mm.
1 ¥ from Durban, Natal (G. F. Leighj.
It is possible that this may be the ¥ of S. vimla Warr., but the fringes are
quite different.
Subfamily STERRHINAE.
4. Synelys pudens spec. nov.
Foreioinri : glossy, very pale flesh-colour, the lines slightly deeper ; the outer
line marked by minute dark dots on the veins, jirojecting at veins 6 and 4 ; the
median shade parallel to it ; the inner line curved, very faint ; submarginal line
fine, waved, between two deeper shades ; marginal spots hardly darker between
the veins ; fringe glossy ; cell-spot minute.
Ilindiriiir/ : without inner line.
Underside glossy whitish ; the forewing slightly pinkish to median line and
black-speckled; the outer and marginal series of spots and the cell-spots black
and distinct.
Face and palpi black above, whitish below ; vertex, shoulders, and jjatagia
pearl-grey ; collar brown ; abdomen like wings.
Expanse of wings : 25 mm.
1 ¥ from Durban, Natal (G. F. Leigh).
Like <S'. natalica Butler, but smaller and less strongly marked.
Subfamily PALYADINAE.
0. Melinoessa subalbida spec. nov.
Foreioimj : dull fulvous, striated with darker fulvous ; the lines and ocelloid
spot exactly as in M. croesaria H.S.
Hindwinc) : similar.
Underside of the S : forewing deep fulvous with darker striae ; ocelloid spot
and median line shown ; marginal area bej'ond outer line dark brownish fuscous :
hindwing cream-white, with a brownish band from apex to middle of hiiidmargin,
and a dark cell-spot. The ? has the forewing paler and the hiudwiug more
ochreons.
Expanse of wings : c?, 42 mm. ; ¥ , 44 mm.
4 cf J, 2 ¥ ¥ from Entebbe, Uganda, May l!»OU (Capt. Rattray).
The pale underside of hindwing will separate the species at once.
Subfamily ABRAXINAE.
6. Lomaspilis casta spec. nov.
Forctvimj : creamy white ; a small basal patch with oblique outer edge of
mixed chocolate and lilac scales, a narrow suffusion of the same colours extending
along costa to bej'oud middle ; a broad submarginal baud, its inner edge sinuous.
( 36)
its outer nearly straight t'roui apex to anal angle, consisting of two thick liinnlate-
dentate chocolate-brown lines, alternating with two of lilac scales ; minute brown
marginal clots between the veins : a triangular brown blotch of brown and lilac
scales on margin between veins 4 and 0, the ajiex touching outer edge of fasciti,
the base expanding fanwise across the cream-coloured fringe ; cell-spot black.
Ilituhciiig : similar, but without basal markings ; the patch at middle of
hindmargin reduced and not extending into the fringe.
Underside with the markings dull brick-red.
Head and thorax brown and lilac, like basal patch ; abdomen cream-colour ;
lower ijart of face paler ; underside of abdomen and legs cream-colour ; forelegs
reddish in front.
Expanse of wings : 20 mm.
1 ? from Shilouvane, Transvaal, November 1'.MJ2 (H. Junod).
Allied to L. batcsi Wlngru.
Subfamily BISTONINAE.
'■ Apocheima fiiliginosa sjiec. uov.
Foretciny : smoky blackish with a faint purjilish tinge ; costa black, varied
with uchreous ; lines deei> black ; tirst from one-fourth of costa incurved below
median towards base of inner margin, the whole basal area deeper black ; outer
line from three-fourths of costa, sinuous, bent outwards beyond cell and agaiu less
strongly ou snbmedian fold, followed by a slight reddish tinge ; marginal area
deejjer black; fringe concclurous ; cell-spot black; a very faint median shade is
visible shortly before outer line.
Hhidiving: similar, but without basal line.
Underside paler, more fuscous, with slight striatious ; costa of both wings with
black striae.
Head, thorax, and abdomen black, the thcinix and patagia intensely black ;
antennal shaft white ; the pectinations fuscous.
Expanse of wings : 40 mm.
1 S from Durban, Natal (U. F. Leigh).
This species has been bred. The ? is apterous, with a short, thick, club-
shaped jjrocess only ; legs thick and black ; abdomen peppered black and ochreous.
Subfamily ASCOTINAE.
8. Alcis acutangula sjiec. nov.
ForewiiKj : greyish ochreous ; the ground-colour showing only in the median
space, the basal and marginal areas being suffused with pale olive-brownish and
thickly sprinkled with dark scales ; lines black, very fine ; first from costa at about
one-third, vertical in the main, to the snbmedian fold, there bluntly bent nearly
at a right angle and running straight to one-fifth of inner margin, preceded by a
diffuse brown shade; outer line from two-thirds of costa, acutely angled outwards
on vein 5, then incurved, and below vein 3 lunulate-tleutate to just beyond middle
of inner margin, the outward tooth on vein 1 strongly marked, followed by a thick
brown shade ; submargiual line pnh, waved, the luuules lillud in with brown,
( 37 )
below costn nnd beyond cell mixed witli l)lnck, nnd followed beyond eell by a,
blackish clond ; marginal festoon finely black, swollen into spots between the veins ;
a faint brown median shade, visible on costa and inner marsrin.
Ilindwing : similar, without basal line and shade.
Underside grey, speckled with dark ; cell-spots and outer line marked ; a
darker subraarginal clond, becoming dense and black towards costa of forewing
Face l)Iack ; vertex, slionlders, and patagia whitisli grey with dark speckles ;
abdomen dark grey ; forelegs dark fuscous with pale rings.
Expanse of wings : 48 mm.
1 ? from Durban, Natal (G. F. Leigh).
Resembles Ectropis iiodirolans Butler, from Japan, but the c?, of which I have
lately seen an example, has pectinated antennae.
Subfamily SEMIOTHISINAE.
9. Gonodela subcretata spec. nov.
Forewing : blackish with a jjurplish tinge; crossed by four somewhat deeper
bands, the first three narrow and waved, basal, median, and outer, vertical but a
little outcurved in middle ; the submarginal band is broader, and projects outwards
towards hindmargin between veins 4 and 6 ; costa dotted witii pale ; fringe
concolorons.
Himhrinfj : witii only three bands.
Underside of forewing in basal half golden yellow above median vein, chalk-
white below it, thickly striated with pnrjilish, and with a thick purplish median
band ; outer half of wing and fringe deep jiurple ; a small snow-white spot near
hindmargin above vein 0 ; hiudwing bluish white, yellow alnng costa at base; an
interrupted purple median line and purple marginal border, which below middle is
.split up into two bands.
Head, thorax, and abdomen purplish brown ; underside of abdomen, pectus,
and legs yellow, the last with purplish flecks.
Expanse of wings : 20 mm.
1 ? from Entebbe, Uganda, July 1900 (Oapt. Rattray).
Distinguished by the underside from G. i-ommi.rtu Wnrr., wliich it resembles
above.
SrnFAMii.Y ENNOMINAE.
li». Eurythecodes fimosa spec. nov.
Fin-r>riii<i : dirty brown, coarsely dusted and striated witji darker brown and
black: the lines dark brown ; first at one-third bent outwards between subcostal
and sulimedian veins ; outer oblique from apex to three-fifths of inner margin,
straight to below vein 3, then vertical ; shortly before apex it is joined by an
oblique streak from costa ; it is followed in tlio lower half of wing by a deeper
brown shade, succeeded by a paler sulimarginal band ; cell-spot black ; fringe
(worn) brown.
[liiuhrimj : with the line postmedian, slightly~curved ; cell-spot black.
Underside similar, the striae blacker, the lines obscurely marked.
Head, thorax, abdomen, and legs brown.
( 38 )
Expanse of wings : 34 mm.
1 ? from Moyamba, Sierra Leone, June 1002 (D. Cat or).
II. Hyposidra leprosata sjiec. nov.
Forewing : piilc olive-brown ; the ccsta j^rej-cr, clapjilcd with whitish scales ;
lines purplish brown ; first from one-fonrth of costa, bent on subcostal, then obliijue
to one-tilth of inner margin, very obscure ; second from beyond middle of costa to
middle of inner margin, very sinuous, describing a small outward curve below costa,
a large one between 4 and 0, another on snbmedian fold, and a small one on
inner margin, each curve preceded by a patch of hoary grey scales ; a strongly
zigzag subraarginal line from apex to anal angle, its angles also marked by snnill
patches of hoary scales ; an oblique broad brownish shade from middle of inner
margin close before outer line fading out before middle of wing ; fringe and apex of
wing purplish.
IJiinl/rintj : with all the markings more distinct; the oblique shade antemedian
and entire.
Underside dull lilac ; both wiugs with broad olive tawny submarginal tixscia
and central line, that in the forewing running from middle of costa to two-thirds of
inner margin.
Vertex, shoulders, and basal segments of abdomen grey ; face brown ; thorax,
patagia, and abdomen olive-brown, the latter wqth a row of whitish dorsal spots ;
legs olive-brown, spotted with grey.
Expanse of wings : 78 mm.
1 ? from Entebbe, Uganda, July 1900 (Capt. Kattray).
12. Mesocoela seriata spec. nov.
Forewing : fawn-colour, s])eckled with leaden grey ; costa cream-colour, with
dark spots at the commencement of the lines ; first line scarcely visible, but marked
by dark vein-spots ; outer line straight from three-fifths of inner margin to apex,
dull pinkish white, edged inwardly by a dark line marked by black vein-.spots and
outwardly by a broad olive-grey band ; the inner edge is retracted at vein 7 to the
third costal blotch ; the olive-grey outer edge runs into apex, and is bordered
beneath above vein 7 by a whitish dash ; from the second costal spot a fine grey line
curves outward beyond a linear angulated cell-mark, and coalesces with outer line
before inner margin ; fringe olive-brown.
Hindwing : with a thick curved median line and a submarginal series of black
spots on veins followed by an obscure pale line ; fringe brown.
Underside coarsely speckled, the hindwing and marginal area of forewing more
fulvous ; all the lines of ujiperside repeated.
Face browu, vertex darker ; thorax and abdomen like wings.
Expanse of wings : 44 mm.
1 ? from N. Bailundn, Angola, August 1901 (Pemberton).
Metallospora gen. nov.
ForcW/ng : triangular ; costa straight, convex before apex, which is slightly
prominent but depressed ; hindmargin faintly sinuate ; anal angle obtnse.
( 39 )
lUnihring : with apex rounded ; anal angle prominent ; hindmargin sliglitlj'
curved.
Antennae of S bipectinate to three-fifths, the pectinations stiff and ciliated ;
palpi short, nptnrned, not reaching toj) efface ; tongne and frenulnni present ; hind-
tibiae thickened, with four spurs ; abdomen apparently with dorsal tufts.
Nenvatiou : forewing, cell half as long as wing ; discocellnlar vertical ; first
median nervnle at fonr-fifths, second close to third ; vein 5 from rather above the
middle of discocellnlar, (3 from upper end of cell ; 7, 8, 9, stalked from just before
end; 10 and 11 coincident; the median vein is curved upwards near base, the
membrane below it forming au elongated double fovea-like depression on the
underside, the base of cell being also somewhat distorted : hindwing with veins 3
and 7 both before angles of cell, which is quite half as long as wing.
Type : M. catori spec. nov.
The genns is manifestly related to Ilif/tephi/ra Butler, an Eastern genus ; differing
in the pectinated antennae and in the distortion of the median vein.
13. Metallospora catori spec nov.
Foreicing : roughly scaled, olive-brown ; the lines darker, but obscure ; first at
one-fourth, second at two-fifths, both slightly curved, the latter followed by the large
oblong blackish cell-spot ; outer line very indistinct, incurved below middle, and
reaching inner margin at two-thirds ; submarginal line irregularly waved and
clouded ; the costa, cell-mark, fringe, and all the lines are edged with bluish silvery
scales, and the whole wing appears to be more or less sprinkled with the same, but
this may be due to wearing, as the single specimen is not in perfect condition ;
fringe concolorous.
Hindwing : without first line ; the cell-spot smaller, but deep black.
Underside bright ochraceous ; the markings blackish; these are the second
line, the cell-spot, and a diffuse submarginal cloud; in the forewing this is broad
and irregular, lying between veins 2 and 0 ; in the hindwiug it forms a narrower
band from costa to submedian fold ; costal and hindmargins with a few dark
striae.
Head, thorax, and abdomen above olive-brown ; palpi, pectus, legs, and under-
side of abdomen ochraceous like underside of wings.
Expanse of wings : 34 mm.
1 S from Moyamba, Sierra Leoue, September 1901 (D. Cator).
I have named this species in honour of the collector.
14. Pareclipsis insolita spec. nov.
Forcirinq : grey-brown, with darker speckling ; the lines olive-brown ; first
from one-fourth of costa to one-fourth of inner margin, acutely angled on the sub-
costal vein ; median line oblique, nea ly straight, passing over the brown cell-spot;
outer line at four-fifths, outwardly curved from costa to submedian fold, then
vertical, edged on both sides with pale ochreous ; submarginal line deeply dentate-
Innulate, paler, the Innnles filled uj) with brownish, those beyond the cell with
blackish ; large black marginal sjjots between the veins ; fringe grey-brown with a
pale basal line,
(40)
UiiKhnnq : similar, without basal line ; coU-spot brown, beyond the moilian lino.
Underside greyish ochreons, densely striated with fuscous ; the lines and cell-
spots thick and fnscons.
Head, thorax, and abdomen conccilorous.
Expanse of wings : :10 mm.
1 ? from Moyaraba, Sierra Leone (D. Tator).
I refer this to Pareclipsis temporarily.
15. Therapis sordida spec. nov.
Fflirwinff : dull ochreons, washed with j)ale olive-fnhons, and densely dusted
with black ; hrst line very indistinct, blackish, from one-fourth of costa curved to
near base of inner margin ; outer line from fonr-fifths of costa, marked by black
dots on veins (i, T, 8, then running as an obliipie black line to one-fonrth of inner
margin, continued as a basal line across hindwing ; a .slight linear cell-mark ;
submarginal line visible only at the extreme a])ex, where it is followed by a brown
apical blotch reaching vein 0 ; fringe olive-brown.
IliiKliciiig : with traces of dark antemedian and postmedian lines, marked
mainly by blackish blotches on inner and costal margins, the latter also by some
blackish vein-spots.
Underside paler ; both wings with a thick sinuous antemedian line : forewing
with brown blotch at apex ; hindwing with outer line marked by vein-spots.
Head, thorax, and abdomen coucolorons ; face and forelegs olive-fuscons.
Expanse of wings : 52 mm.
1 ? from Kassai Kiver, Congo Free State.
Larger than the type species ci-oinjmaii(i, otherwise resembling it; the
discovery of the $ must be waited for to establish its true position.
f 41
NEW THYRIDIDAFj, UBANIIDAE, AND GE03IETBIDAE
FROM SOUTH AND CENTRAL AMERICA.
BY \V. WAEEEN, M.A., F.E.S.
Family TflYllTniDAE.
1. Zeuzerodes fasciata spec. nov.
Forcicing : ochroons, covered with brown striae and shadings, which assnine
the form of bands parallel to hindmargin ; that along hindmargin itself broader
and distinct, dark brown at anal angle, broad and paler brown at apex, where
it curves ronnd to costa; it is preceded by a distinct pale fascia, and this again
b}' a dark central one which is broader towards costa and angled ontwards beyond
cell, containing an ill-defined dark cell-spot ; basal half of wing crossed by three
or four indistinct bands, one of which is marked by a blackish dash in the cell ;
extreme apex of wing whitish with a few black scales ; fringe reddisli brnwn, with
darker mottlings lieyond veins.
Iliriihrimj : with the central and marginal brown bands very distinirt ; the
pale intervals with irregnlar lines of lirown striae: fringe with basal half dark
brown, apical half paler.
Underside the same, the markings on the whole clearer.
Head, thorax, and abdomen dark brown, the shoulders pale ochreons.
Expanse of wings : 40 mm.
1 ? from Santo Domingo, (!arabaya, S.E. Fern, 6.")00 ft., Dec. 1002, wet season
(Ockenden).
Forewing acute, hindmargin very oblique, as long as inner margin ; himlwing
triangular with acute apex.
Distingnished from the other s])ecies liy tlie absence of any pale patcli at
anal angle of hindwing.
Family URAyilDAE.
Subfamily EPIPLEMINAE.
2. Coelura dissocia sjiec. nov.
?. Forewing: grey-brown, covered with faint striae, which are distinct
only in the marginal area ; the produced apex and hindmargin narrowly black-
brown ; a black-brown line oblique from apex to four-fifths of inner margin, but
the line is really retracted close before apex to costa; from two-thirds of costa
a straight black-brown line meets the outer line on vein 0 ; a faint dark cell-
dot ; the basal line is very obscure, but is strongly curved and bent in cell ; fringe
ilark brown with a pale base.
Hindwing : with a distinct doulile postmedian line, curved inwards above
middle and obsolescent before costa ; marginal striae pale, mixed with blackisli
above anal angle; fringe dark brown with pale base bej'ond a blackisli
marginal line.
Underside dull grevish ochreons, striated and snffused with grev brown,
V 42 )
Head, thorax, and abdomen concolorous.
(?. Witii/s : bone-colonv, spocklwl and striatod witli blackish; lines hardly
visible ; nnderside ochreons, yellow towards hindmargins, with distinct short black
striae between the veins.
Expanse of wings : 30 ram.
1 J. 1 ? from Palino cue, Paragnay, Miirch (Montforts).
The difference in coloration, bnth above and below, in the two sexes is
remarkable ; the S is considerably worn, which may partly acconnt for the
obscurity of the markings.
In nenration the S agrees with Coehira omnna Drncp, and not with the tyjie
species fraiisi-rrstifa Warr., veins 2, 3, 4 of forewing rising all separate but near
together, and veins 3, 4 of hindwiug being stalked ; in the ? the discocellnlar of
hindwing is vertical, not oblique, and the cell longer.
3. Erosia veninotata spec. nov.
Foretving : brown, with black speckling and striation ; the lines black, the
central area between them slightly darker than the basal and marginal ; first
line from one-third of costa to one-third of inner margin, strongly outcurved
and projecting on vein 4 ; outer line from before two-thirds of costa to three-fourths
of inner margin, curved inwards at first, then fiom subcostal to vein 4 straight and
vertical, obliquely curved inwards to vein 'Z, then again oblique outwards ; this line
is edged outwardly by a pale ochreons line, and veins 1, 2, 3, are pale ochreons
across the darker fascia ; a curve of dark scales before the excision ; an undefined
submarginal shade of blackish striae and traces of some dark shading in the
basal space ; fringe worn.
Ilindiring : similar, but the inner line is edged inwardly with ochreons, as
well as the second outwardly ; the angle of the onter line at vein 4 acute ; costal
half of wing above median vein and vein 4 washed with pale chestnnt; the lower
lialf of fascia dark brown, followed by a jialer, oclireons, band ; a brown line
from upper to lower tooth ; a broad olive-brown line fiom base above median
vein to angle of onter line.
Underside ochraceons, somewhat darker and striated with black towards
hindmargins.
Face and paljii black-browu ; vertex and thcirax i)ale fawn ; the abdomen
darker ; nnderside of abdomen and pectus whitish ; legs ocbraceous and grey.
Expanse of wings : 48 mm.
1 ? froiu Tuis, Costa Hica.
The markings are differently disposed from those of any of the forms that
can be referred to incendiata Guen.
Gymnoplocia gen. nov.
Closely resembling T>iradcs, but differing in the following points ; the furrow
within the fold of inner luargin of hindwing is qnite bare, showing no trace of
a pencil of hair, but instead a short tuft of s])reading hairs rises from the base
of the inner margin ; at the base of cell of hindwing is a large hyaline oval
space ; costa of hindwing slightly sinnous, without hairs. In the forewing vein 11
is free but upcurved towards 12, witliout, however, anastomosing.
Type : Gymnoplocia paicidens Dogn. (Epiplema).
(43 )
4. Saccoploca excisa ab.(?) nigrosticta nov.
Foreicing : less brown, more wood-colour, than in typical e.rcisa Warr. ; the
costa black ; the commencement." of all the lines at costa black-brown, the two
brown cross-lines less distinct ; the small dark spots forming the snbmarginal line
swollen into black blotches; the costal and marginal regions well sjirinklcil with
lustrous blue scales, as in typical cJcJ.
liindiving : without markings except the two brown cross-lines.
Underside paler, and thickly black-speckled ; cell-spot of forewing black.
Head, thorax, and abdomen concolorous with wings ; face dark brown.
Ex2)ause of wings : 30 mm.
1 ? from Santo Domingo, Carabaya, S.E. Pern, 6000 ft., .July 1002, dry season
(Ockenden).
Smaller than the type form ; the excision beneath apes of forewing is deeper,
and the margin below middle of wing concave, not straight. It is not, as at first
seemed probable, the dry-season form of excisa, as typical females are to hand,
taken at both seasons.
Family GEOMETRIDAE.
Subfamily MECOCERATINAE.
5. Hyphedyle divisa spec. nov.
Foretciiiy : white, with a few blackish striae at base of costa ; a broad dull
red-brown stripe along middle of wing from base to hindmargin, uniting there
with a brown dark-speckled apical patch, the inner edge of which is curved and
darker ; fringe brown above vein .3, white below.
Ilindwing : white, with sparse brownish striae at base and along inner margin,
and a pale brown line from anal angle to vein 4.
Underside of forewing with the stripe smoky grey striated with brownish ;
the apical blotch much mixed with white scales varied with dark fuscous rather
coarse striae ; a darker blotch on the curved inner edge and on hindinargin below
apex : hindwing white with a few speckles ; the line very faint.
Palpi fuscous ; face and vertex white with grey centre ; thorax mainly
fuscous, with a few whitish scales intermixed ; abdomen white, speckled with
fuscous towards anus ; legs white, dusted with fuscous and with the joints fuscous-
Expanse of wings : 44 mm.
1 c? from Chanchamayo, Pern (Schunke).
Subfamily CYLLOPODINAE.
6. Dioptis vitrifera spec. nov.
Foi-cwing : iridescent hyaline; the costa and inner margin both narrowly
black ; a black bar straight from before middle of costa to anal angle, broadest
above the middle ; the veins in the basal half of wing blackish ; beyond the bar
a broad white space, all but touching costa ami hindmargin : the apex of wing
black, narrowing towards anal angle ; fringe black.
Ilindwiny : wholly hyaline ; the veins black ; costal and hindmargins narrowly
blackish, thinning out to a jioint at anal angle.
Underside the same,
( -i* )
Head, thorax, abdomen, and legs Ijlac-k ; abdomen beneatli wliitisli ; the head
parts are damaged ; there appear to have been some white scales about tlie face
and vertex.
Expanse of wings : 38 mm.
1 (3 from Poznzci, Department Hnanuco, Pern (Hoffmanns).
7. Josia radians spec. nov.
Foreifiiitj : brown-black ; costal edge oclireous in basal half, orange at extreme
base; a central orange streak from near base, starting fmm sniimedian vein liehnv
median, but soon enclosing the median, both edges straiglit, very slightly narrowing
to near hindmargin.
I liiidiriiiii : with the orange streak broader; its npper edge quite straight, its
lower convex from base to origin of veins 3 and 4, where the streak is constricted
and becomes narrower, with both edges paralhd ; inner margin and fringe orange.
Underside with both streaks much broader, in the forewing including the cell;
costal edge of both wings orange.
Palpi black, yellow beneath ; face, sides of vertex, l)a<e of shoulders, some
hairs at sides of raetathorax, and lateral stripes of abdomen orangi- ; centre of
vertex, thorax, abdomen, and antemiae Mack : abdomen ludnw with .-i wliitish
streak.
Expanse of wings : 35 mm.
1 (? from Onaca, Sta. Martha, 2','ii("j ft, wet season, September— October lOul
(Engelke).
Nearest to ./. fii><tidii Warr., from ( 'himbo.
,SiTni-.\Mii.Y GEOJIETRINAE.
N. Mixocera torsilinea spec. nov.
Forewinc) : delicate pale green ; costal edge snow-white, edged beneath with
rufous ; the lines brown, very fine, and deeply contorted, so that they appear at
first sight double ; first close to base, darker dotted on veins and strongly incnrvi'<l
between them ; outer line from three-fourths of costa to middle of inner margin,
acutely dentate outwards on veins and inwards between them ; a large round brown
cell-spot; a brown spot close to base of costa ; a dark marginal line interrupted at
the veins ; fringe wjiite at base, rnfous-finged beyond.
IIi)i(liriiiii : without first line ; cell-spot large; hindmargin lilnntly angled.
Underside pale green, with cell-spots and marginal spots brown ; costa of fore-
wing yellowish ; fringes pale.
Palpi externally fuscous, internally white ; f\xcc olive (perhaps faded) ; fillet
and antennae white ; ])atagia deej) green ; thorax and abdomen pale green : dorsum
with a large black spot on basal segment and smaller one on third ; foretibiae
fuscous, ringed with white; fore and middle knees fuscous.
Expanse of wings : 2i\ mm.
1 S from Palino cnC', Paraguay, February (Montforts).
The antennae of the S are armed with short j)ale fascicles ol cilia, not pi'cti-
nated ; the palpi are short and thick, with the terminal joint (juite siuall, very
different from the slender j>alpi, with long terminal segment, of llnchcoxpilo.
( 45 )
9. Oospila depressa spec. nov.
Forewiny : dull gi'eeii ; costal edge ochreous, with a few speckles ; two large
blotches of flesh-coloured ochreous striated with purplish and broadly edged with
the same colour; ouo at apex, subquadrate, reaching veiu 4; the other oblong at
anal angle, occupying outer tliree-tifths of inner margin, its upper edge flat, reaching
vein 'Z ou bindmargin and slightly curved above that vein towards its end ; a
marginal purple line ; fringe ochreous, che.piered with jmrplish beyou<l veins ;
cell-spot small, black.
IliiidiciiK/ : with a lengthened ajiical blotch reaching from middle of costa to
vein 4, its inner edge sinuate, indented ou vein (5; anal patch small, reaching vein 2;
a raised white cell-spot at ujiper end of discocellular.
Underside pale whitish green, the blotches showing through ; costa of forewing
yellowish.
Face and palpi dull red-brown ; vertex white : tliorax green ; abdomen
ochreous pink ; the dorsum with red-brown crests.
Expanse of wings : 35 to 40 mm.
3 ¥ ? from Tuis, Costa Rica.
Hmaller than the allied species ; distinguished by the flattened anal blotch of
forewing, and the wide green interval reaching to marginal line between the two
pale blotches.
10. Racheospila megastigma spec. nov.
Fureiriiig : semihyaline green; the costal area diff'usely and irregularly red-
brown, before the middle emitting from the lower edge a blunt projection to median
vein inclosing the discocellular sjiot, as in A', de pen dens Warr., and at three-fourths
an outwardly directed tooth on vein 0 ; the costal edge narrowly white; hindmargin
red-brown, swollen into a bilobed projection between 4 and 6, and gradually
broadening again from veiu 3 to anal blotch ; along the margin this red-brown is
preceded by a yellowish tint ; fringe (worn) brownish.
llindiclnq : with a broad red-brown marginal border, narrowed from 3 to 4,
running up narrowly along inner margin nearly to base ; cell-spot large, red-brown.
Underside iridescent whitish green, the dark tints showing through.
Face and palpi ros3'-red above, pale greenish below ; fillet and antennae snow-
white ; vertex red-brown ; thorax green ; abdnmen red-brown, with snow-white
dorsal spots (in each segment ; legs and underside of abdomen pale greenish.
Exjjause of wings : 20 mm.
1 ? from Tuis, L'osta Rica.
The species is intermediate between R. dependeHS Warr. and 11. bidentifera Warr.
Subfamily STERRHINAE.
11. Anisodes ruficosta siiec. nov.
Foreiciiaj : ochreous, with neat reddish striations ; the shades accompanying
the lines greyish brown and dift'nse, imparting a general grey tint to tlie whole
wing ; costal streak retldish brown, the costal edge marked by black dashes at the
commencement of the lines; the subcostal vein dull red; first line marked by six
black spots, three in the intervals as well as on the veins ; outer line at three-
fourths, distinctly marked on the veins ; a small dark cell-spot followed by a
(4(J )
cloudy median shade ; submarginal line pale, obscurely indicated by dark shades,
close to margin ; a row of dark marginal spots ; fringe ochreons, mottled with
reddish brown beyond veins.
Himhcing : similar, bnt the cell-spot a white oval with dark edge.
Underside of forewing dull rosy, of hiudwing straw-colour, rosy-tinged ; all the
markings darker rosy.
Face dark brown, paler below ; vertex and shaft of antennae ochreons white ;
thorax reddish brown, tips of shoulders blackish ; abdomen like wings ; mouth
parts damaged.
Expanse of wings : 26 mm.
1 $ from Bartica, British Guiana, June 1901.
Hindtibia with terminal spurs only.
12. Emmiltis malepicta spec. nov.
Foreicing : dirty bone-colour, with a few black speckles ; costal area and lines
very pale brownish ; the first line curved, at one-third ; median and outer parallel
to hindmargin, the median from costa at two-thirds, the outer at four-fifths, the
latter alone marked by black dashes on veins, that on vein 6 projecting a little
outwards ; submarginal line pale between two slight shades ; fringe paler, with
very concise black spots at the base beyond the ends of the veins ; cell-spot
small, dark.
Hindioimj : similar, without first line.
Underside paler and clearer, without speckling ; forewing as far as median
line, excei't along inner margin, testaceous grey ; cell-spots and outer lines blackish
and distinct.
Thorax and abdomen like wings, the latter with a few dorsal dark specks;
collar brown ; face and palpi blackish ; vertex and antennal shaft pale ochreons.
Expanse of wings : 22 mm.
2 (?<? from R. Colorado, Peru, October 19U2 (Watkins).
13. Haemalea grisescens spec. nov.
Forewing : pearl-grey, with a slight violet tinge and finely sjieckled with
blackish ; the costa purplish fuscous ; the lines brown, wavy ; first and second
nearly vertical at one-third and two-thirds of inner margin ; outer line from
three-fourths of costa to four-fifths of inner margin, bluntly projecting above vein 4
and below vein 6 ; submarginal line macular, indistinct, close to hindmargin ;
black marginal lunules between veins ; fringe rnfous grey ; cell-sjiot dark brown.
IJindwing : similar, but without basal line ; the cell-spot in a pale space.
Underside glossy whitish, discoloured towards costa of forewing; cell-spots
outer, and marginal lines marked.
Face, palpi, vertex, and shoulders dark brown, the tips of shoulders almost
metallic ; thorax and abdomen like wings ; last two segments of abdomen white
with brown rings ; fillet and base of antennae snow-white ; abdomen beneath and
legs whitish ; forelegs fuscous in front.
Expanse of wings : 26 mm.
1 (J from Palcazu, Juniu Uepartmeut, Peru (Sedlmayr).
(47 )
.Subfamily HYDRIOMENINAE.
14. Anapalta nivesecta spec. nov.
Forciciiiy : greenish ocbreuus (probably pale greenish when fresh), crossed by
numerons olive-fuscous lines ; these are placed almost exactly as in A. subpulckrata
Warr. {Epirrho'i') from Bolivia (cf. Nok. Zool. vii. p. 17.5), from which the present
species differs in having the middle of the dark central fascia occupied by a white
blotch extending from costa to inner margin, or to vein 1, its edges rnnning
parallel to the lines of the outer band, and containing the black cell-spot ; the
submargiual line is swollen into a white spot between veins 3 and 4, and sometimes
also between 2 and 3. In all other respects the sjiecies are alike, but on the
underside nkesccta is more ochreous, with less green.
Expanse of wings : 40 mm.
2 SS from Santo Domingo, Carabaya, S.E. Peru, G50U ft., December 1902,
wet season (Ockenden).
This may very likely be an aberration (or a local form) of A. sabpalchrata ;
but as that is from Bolivia and the present form only from S.E. Peru, I have
preferred to describe it as distinct. Grunmta Feld., batis Warr., aud iiiveigutta
Schaus probably stand in a similar relation to embcrizata Guen.
15. Hammaptera dispansa spec. nov.
Forewiiiy : greyish olive-green, slightly speckled ; the Hues fuscous and
blackish ; basal patch narrow, limited by two or three dark lines forming a band ;
the pale band beyond traversed by two or three liues of dark scales ; inner band
of central fascia at one-third, formed of three dark lines filled in with darker olive,
the inner nearly straight, the outer angled outward, on median vein and running
out along inner margin as a black point ; outer band of three liues, the two inner
parallel to each other, angled slightly at vein 6 and more prominently at vein 4,
insinuate in submedian interval, the outermost line running widely outwards to
vein 4, tiien incurved ; submargiual line irregular and obscure, but preceded by a
brown blotch marked with three black lines on costa, by a smaller blotch beyond
cell, and a slight shade at anal angle ; marginal line of interrupted black dashes ;
fringe greenish, chequered with dark beyond veins.
Hiiidwing : smoky fuscous ; the hindmargin and fringe paler, greenish.
Underside dirty ochreous-greenish, with traces of a band of three obscure
'dark lines and a dusky marginal border, interrupted at middle.
Head, thorax, and abdomen dull greenish mottled with fuscous.
Expanse of wings : 35 mm.
1 ? from Onaca, Sta. Martha, 22U0 ft., September, October lUOl, wet season
(Engelke).
Nearest to strenuaria Wlk.
If). Hammaptera fumida spec. nov.
Forewiiic) : pale grey, overlaid with darker olive-grey ; the liues dark grey ;
central fascia with the inner edge well curved aud slightly wavy, from oue-fourth
of costa to one-third of inner margin, the outer edge from beyond middle of costa
( 48 )
running nearly straight and oblique outwards to below vein 4, forming a prominent
tooth bftweeti 3 and 4, then oblir|ne inwards to two-thirds of inner margin, the
oblique upper half blackish ; the fascia is tilled up with olive-grey, and contains
two fiuer lines and the cell-spot ; bands on either side pale, with a dark waved
middle line; submargiual line pale, waved, the teeth followed by dark wedge-
shaped marks to margin ; pairs of rather large dark spots at the vein-ends ; fringe
pale grev ; basal area in the unique specimen ochreons, but this apjiears the result
of a stain, and the natural tint was probably grey.
llhxiirinq : smoky olive-fuscous, darker along bindmargin beyond a ]ialer
snbniarginal band : fringe olive-grey, the inner margin dark grey.
Underside smoky grey: marginal bands blackish grey beyond a jialcr band;
cell-spots black ; no pale spots at apex or along margin.
Head, thorax, and abdomen olive-grey ; inner edge of patagia blackish ;
dorsum smoky dark grey, with base and anal tufts pale.
Expanse of wings : 34 mm.
1 (? from Chanchamayo, Peru (Schunke).
The inner margin of hindwing is short and the anal angle truncated. In the
shape of outer edge of central fascia of forewing it agrees with //. )ii//i/l/iieata
Warr. from Paraguay.
IT. Hypolepis fulva spec. nov.
Forewhuf : greyish ochreous, tinged with bright fulvous; the basal iiatch,
central fascia, and marginal Innules olive-fuscous ; basal patch small, dark on
costa and broader, narrowed close to base on iuner margin, edged witii paler ;
central fascia obli(iuely sinuous, with creuulate edges, broadly interrupted by
fulvous along the median vein, and indented in cell on its inner edge ; above the
middle wholly dark, below sprinkled with whitish ; both edges margined with a
pale brown-edged line ; marginal lunulcs obscure, but edged inwardly with paler,
the ends of the veins broadly fulvous ; fringe mottled olive and fulvous.
lUndwhig : greyish ochreons, with traces of dark central line ; fringe spotted
with dark.
Underside of forewing dark grey ; the veins and a subcostal streak bright
fulvous ; the grey intervals towards apex dappled with ochreous and dark grey ;
hindwing whitish striated with fuscous ; cell-spot and interrupted outer line
blackish.
Head, thorax, and abdomen fulvous : antennae dark fuscous.
Expanse of wings : 'M mm.
1 ? from Santo Domingo, Clarabaya, S.E. Peru, iJbW ft., October l'JU2, dry
season (Ockeuden).
18. Hypolepis fuscata spec. nov.
Forewhui : olive-brown, with dark fuscous suffusion ; costa tinely dotted
ochreous anil brown ; the central fascia bordered by two nearly straight pale
ochreous bands, starting from subcostal vein, the first at one-third, the second
from three-fourths of costa to two-thirds of inner margin, slightly curving inwards ;
a pale spot above origin of vein 4 just beneath the dark cell-spot; basal patch
edged by a darker line slightly bordered with pale ; a pale oblique streak from
(40 )
apex, striated with olive, reappearing agaiu at vein 4, but interrupted between
by a large fuscous margiual triangular patch ; fringe chequered, olive-browu and
ochreons.
IlindiriiKj : dark brownish fuscous, without markings.
Underside of forewiug pale lilac-grey ; a broad costal streak and the veins
towards apex orange ; a pale oclireous streak from apex with brown striae, pre-
ceded by two darker brown patches : liindwing cream-colour, speckled with
brown, the upper veins yellow ; a brownish cell-spot and traces of two interrupted
lines.
Palpi pale olive-brown ; face brown ; vertex and collar ochreous ; shoulders
and patagia dark brown, their tips ochreous ; abdomen brown with pale rings ;
abdomen beneath and tuft ochreous ; legs ochreous mottled with dark brown.
Expanse of wings : 22 mm.
1 <S from Rio Colorado, Peru, October 1902 (Watkius).
19. Hypolepis tripartita spec. nov.
Psiil/odes tripartita Warr., Nuv. Zuol. xi. p. 72, ? .
The S of this species, which I have lately been able to examine, has the tuft
of hair on the underside of the abdomen characteristic of Hypolepis, to which
genus it must be transferred.
20. Orthoprora albiplaga spec. nov.
Forew'uKj : reddish brown, this colour restricted to basal third ami the
hindmargiu at a2)ex and anal angle, tlie rest of the wing occujiied by a dull white
cloud obliterating all markings, but containing a double blackish spot on costa,
indicating origin of an outer lino, and a slight spot on discocellular followed by
a faint ochreons cloud ; along the costa the white is dusted with grey scales ;
subcostal vein from base reddish fulvous, and a narrow streak of the same colour
along inner margin nearly to anal angle ; a small grey space at base on inner
margin, followed by a double pale line, which below the submedian vein becomes
white and curves round as a whitish streak to join the large white area ; a faintly
paler submarginal waved line is visible in the dark apical and anal areas ; dark
marginal dashes ; fringe brown, with tine pale dashes at veins.
liindwing : pale slaty-grej', the fringe darker.
Underside very pale slaty -grey, darker along margins ; cell-spots dark in
both wings.
Head and thorax brownish fuscous ; abdomen cinereous ; shoulders and tijis of
palpi pale.
Expanse of wings : 35 mm.
1 ? from Santo Domingo, Carabaya, S.E. Peru, OOOO ft., July 1'.mi2, di-y
season (Ockenden).
21. Orthoprora balteata spec. nov.
ForewiiKj : dull vinous, somewhat mixed with greenish; the lines and shades
blackish ; [across the wing in the centre of the central fascia a pale green band
runs' parallel to hindmargiu, much as in the Palaearctic genus Gonanticlea Swinii.
On each side of this band arc three bhickisli lines, the intervals tilled up witii
4
( 50)
vinous, and blackish-tinged in the cell ; the outermost of the outer three, forming
the edge of the central fascia, strongly dentate outwards, the inward teeth on
the veins black and thick, the whole finely edged with greenish and followed by
two obscure waved dark lines ; submarginal line close to margin interrupted, pale,
preceded beyond cell by a triangular velvety blackish blotch, the oblique upper
edge of which runs into apex ; the space above and below it paler, pinkish-brown ;
a black marginal line interrupted by the pale veins ; fringe greenish ; basal patch
small, dark vinous edged with blackish ; space between it and central fascia broader
on costa than on inner margin, curved outwards in middle and edged with black at
costa and inner margin.
Hindwing : uniform smoky fuscous, the hindmargin deeper, the fringe paler.
Underside of both wings dull fuscous, with the markings indistinctly darker ;
cell-spots black.
Head, palpi, and thorax fuscous and rufous ; collar rufous ochreous ; abdomen
cinereous fuscous; metathoracic tuft vinous black.
Expanse of wings : 32 mm.
1 (? from Santo Domingo, (Jarabaya, S.E. Peru, November 19U2, wet season
(Ockenden).
22. Psaliodes brachiata spec. nov.
Forewing : ochreous with a slight yellowish tint ; the markings dark olive ;
a basal patch, interrupted on inner margin, its hindmargin rounded ; central fascia
with its inner edge straiglit and oblique at two-fifths, its outer irregularly waved,
uniting below middle with the central part of submarginal band and that with tiie
subapical triangle ; a dark blotch on costa and diffuse cloud at anal angle indicate
the ends of the submarginal band ; fringe ochreous and olive ; the broad Y-shaped
band between basal patch and central fascia on the costa is marked with a brown
cloud.
llindwituj : dark grey, with central line of underside showing through ; fringe
paler, chequered with dark.
Underside of forewing dark grey, with a yellowish patch from apex and on
hindmargin ; hindwing yellow with dark central line and strigae on costa.
Head and thorax ochreous ; sides of shoulders and patagia olive-brown ;
abdomen missing.
Expanse of wings ; 17 mm.
1 6 from Santo Domingo, (.'arabaya, S.E. Pern, (35uO ft., October 10ti2, dry
season (Ockenden).
23. Psaliodes dislocata spec. nov.
Poreicinq : dark brown, along the costa finely speckled with yellow : basal
area traversed at middle by a sinuous white line ; a pale inwardly oblique band
at one-third, separating basal area Irom central fascia, not reaching above subcostal
vein ; its edges are silvery white, its centre but}', finely bordered with brown scales,
and on it lies the black cell-spot ; outer line silvery white, double, from vein ~ to 4
bracket-shaped and vertical with some yellowish scales lietween the two arms,
joined externally at vein o by a slightly zigzag white submarginal line, which
runs obliquely inwards to vein 5, then outwards to hindmargin at vein 4, on which
it forms a white arrowhead with a vellow dash on the vein at its centre ; all three
( 51 )
lines are interrupted between veins 4 and 2 by the brown ground-colour, reappearing
as three parallel white lines acntel}' angled basewards on the snbmedian fold,
separated by yellow, brown-edged lines ; fringe distinctly chequered, dark brown
and buff ; in the basal patch on the median vein is an elongated dash of buff scales.
llindiving : dark fuscous, pale along costal edge; cell-spot darker; a slight
dark central line ; fringe yellow chequered with black.
Underside of forewing dull cinereous ; subccstal area and three subapical veins
orange-yellow, peppered with grey and white ; the three approximated white lines
beyond cell well marked : Lindwing white with iron-grey striations ; cell-spot,
median and outer lines dark grey, mixed with yellow scales ; the costal edge
yellow ; fringe as above.
Head and thorax olive-brown with an admixture of [laler scales ; palpi ochreous,
dusted with olive-brown ; abdomen fuscous ; legs and antennae mottled, fuscous
and pale ochreous.
The ? is paler throughout, the brown being more broken up by pale scales,
esjiecially along the veins.
Expanse of wings : 35 mm.
1 cJ, 2 ? ?, from Santo Domingo, Carabaya, S.E. Peru; the ? ? dated July
1902, dry season, 6000 ft., the c? December 1902, wet season, 0500 ft. (Ockeuden).
Allied to Usera a,ud Jracti/ascia Dogn., and to nodosa amA fractilinea Warr.
Subfamily ASTHENINAE.
24. Amaurinia coerulea spec. nov.
? . Forewiny : pale blue-green, with slightly darker green cross-bands ; the
central area edged by darker green lines and crossed by two others, and so appearing
somewhat darker ; marginal area with three pale and dark bands alternately ; the
pale line of ground-colour edging central fascia alone distinct ; an obscure dark
cell-spot ; marginal line fine, dull purple ; fringe white ; costa slightly mottled
dark and light.
tlindiviny : similar.
Underside paler, with the darker lines obscurely expressed ; costa of forewing
slightly discoloured.
Thorax and abdomen like wings ; vertex and foce darker, olive-green ; fillet
and base of antennae white.
The <S is somewhat darker, more greyish green.
Expanse of wings : c? 28 mm. ; ? 30 mm.
1 c?, 3 ? ?, from Tucuman, Argentina, May 1002 (Uinelli).
25. Cambogia trillista sjiec, nov.
Forewing .' pale ochreous overlaid with light brownish olive : the lines vinous;
four antemedian, obscure, being lost in the denser tinting of the base, one close
to base, one just before the vinous cell-spot, and two between them ; a postmediaii
baud Ibrmed of three vinous lines, the inner one regularly lunulate-dentate, the
outer bluntly angled on veins 4 and 6 and thickened between ; two lunulate
submarginal lines, of which the inner has the ends of the lunulos thickened into
spots i from the postmedian band two vinous streaks run into the fringe, one
( 52 )
along vein 4, tlie otlier between veins 7 and 8; fringe chequered with vinous
beyond veins and with a very fine basal line.
Hiiidtving : with two obscure lines near base, followed by the vinous cell-spot ;
the postmediau band distinct on inner margin, obsolescent at costa ; three confused
snbmarginal lines ; the whole hindwing is paler, except along hiudmargin.
Underside pale ochreoiis, with all the lines vinous and distinct ; base of
forewing suffused with vinous.
Head, thorax, and abdomen olive-tinged ochreous ; fillet and antennal shaft
paler ; praeanal segments of abdomen red, continuing the postmediau fascia of
hindwings.
Expanse of wings : 17 mm.
1 <J from Santo Domingo, Carabaya, S.E. Peru, fioOD ft., October 1902, dry
season (Ockenden).
SuBi-AMiLY TEPHROCLYSTIINAE.
'M. Tephroclystia cuneilineata s]iec. nov.
Foicicini/ : basal area dull orange edged by a straight oblique line from
one-fourth of costa to one-third of inner margin ; the middle of the wing greyi
thickly powdered with black ; marginal area occupied by four deeply lunulate
dark lines with ])ale intervals ; fringe chequered darker and lighter grey, the
base darker througliout.
Ilimhcimj : with the inner margin dull orange, the base and costal area
whiter ; the rest as in forewing ; a black marginal line ; fringe at anal angle
orange.
Underside lilac-grey, powdery ; the lines of outer area indistinctly expressed ;
base diffusely orange-tinged ; cell-spots dark ou both wings.
Head, thorax, and abdomen all dull orange ; legs fuscous, dotted with paler.
Expanse of wings : 24 mm.
1 (J, 1 ? from Santo Domingo, Carabaya, S.E. Peru, OoUO ft., December 1902,
wet season (Ockenden).
A very distinct species.
Subfamily HETERUSIINAE.
27. Cerynia cupreata sj)ec. nov.
Forewing : bright orange-red ; the l)ase narrowly black, "widening towards
inner margin ; costal edge black ; the apex broadly, the hiudmargin narrowly
black from middle to anal angle, the inner edge well curved; a black curved
})ostmediiUi line at two-thirds, thick from costa to middle, then almost obsolete ;
fringe black.
UiniliciiH/ : black, with a broad snbmarginal crescent orange-red.
Underside of forewing as above, but the costal edge between the line &ud
marginal band whitLsh ; hindwing with the black areas mixed with whitish scales.
Head, thorax, and abdomen deep black ; hairs of the face and palpi mixed
with orange.
Expanse of wings : 18 mm.
1 c? from Pacapampa, near Hecuag, Peru, 3500 m., December 1899, wet
season (Simons).
(53 )
28. Cerynia pamphilata spec. nov.
Fore wing : bright reddish orange; the base, inner margin, costal edge, a
enrved line jnst beyond middle, and the hindmargin black ; this last band is broad
at ape.x, and narrows off to a })oiut at anal angle ; fringe worn, black.
Hindwing : like forewiug ; basal black area larger.
Underside much paler, fnlvons ; basal patch, costal streak, and marginal band
olive-grej', the cross line witli a few black scales ; hindwing with all the dark areas
of npperside olive-grey.
Head, thorax, and abdomen deep black, with a few pale scales intermixed.
Expanse of wings : 19 mm.
1 ? from Huamachiico, Peru, 3200 m., November 1899, dry interval (Simons).
20. Heterusia ovaliplaga spec. nov.
Foreicing : dull black, paler towards base ; costa at extreme base and costal-
edge at middle red ; from below one-third of costa an oblique whitish streak to
lower end of cell, widening downwards, and towards costa clouded with brown
scales, separated by the black median vein from a long oval white blotch lying
between veins 2 and 3; below three-fourths of costa a slight white mark ; fringe
black, slightly speckled with white in upper half.
nindicing : white, with broad black border from half of costa to anal angle ;
a small dark cell-spot at top end of discocellular ; fringe black chequered
with white between veins 3 and 0 ; base of wing narrowly black.
Underside of forewing ruddy brown, with bluish white scales at base, and
varied with black scales along costa and at apex, wholly black at anal angle,
embracing the oval white blotch, which is larger than above ; the white streak
at one-third and the white spot at three-fourths both broader and running to
costal edge ; hindwing with the border browner and specked with yellow scales,
at anal angle with a round patch edged by bluish scales.
Head and thorax brown-black, varied with red scales ; abdomen blackish
sprinkled with bluish white scales along the sides and white beneath ; anal tuft
with some red scales.
Expanse of wings : 34 mm.
1 cJ from Pozuzo, Department Haanuco, Peru (Hoft'manns).
Belongs to the group including columbi Th. Mg., and conoii, etc.
Subfamily DEILINIINAE.
30. Lomographa extremata spec. nov.
Forewing : glossy white, very sparsely dusted with purplish atoms, except
towards hindmargin, where they are denser, forming a faint submarginal band ;
the margin itself narrowly tinged with purplish throughout; two grey transverse
lines, the inner at two-fifths, erect from inner margin, but not reaching costa, the
onte: at two-thirds, parallel to hindmargin; costa ochraceous ; fringe juirplish ;
jiiavginal linn fine, interrupted.
(54)
Tlimhcing : with small black cell-sjiot ami outer curved line : no marginal
shade.
Underside of both wings and fringes white ; costa of forewing yellowish.
Face, palpi, and antennae brown ; vertex, tliorax, abdomen, and base of
antennae white.
Expanse of wings : 30 mm.
2 c? (J from Chanchamayo, Pern (Schunke).
Nearest /,. nubima/i/o Warr., Imt without the black blotch of nnderside.
Subfamily PALYADINAE.
:^1. Aplogompha laeta spec. nov.
Forewing : bright yellow, with the brown streaks restricted to the costal
area; the dark marginal area mnch broken up, limited inwardly by two irregularly
sinnons brown streaks, not touching one another ; apical and marginal areas
fulvous ; a large yellow blotch before middle of hindmargin ; fringe fulvous with
grey tips ; the metallic spots as in lafai/i Dogn.
Ilimhnng : wholly yellow ; a few brown striae on inner margin only ; the
snbmarginal row of metallic spots and marginal metallic line as in l(i/ai/i ; fringe
pale fulvous.
Underside paler, with all the markings deep brown.
Head, thorax, and abdomen yellow, spotted with brown ; the abdomen with
brown segmental rings.
Expanse of wings : 19 mm.
1 (? from Chanchamayo, Pern (Schunke).
Smaller and much brighter than typical hifayi \ I have seen several other
examples, all from (!Lanchamayo ; if not a distinct species, it is, at least, a
jiersistent local form, differing as much iu one direction from laj'ni/i as oppletaria
Warr. (= tjerma Dogn.) does in the other.
Cirrhosoma gen. nov.
Forewing: triangular; costa straight; hindmargin straight, hardly oblique;
inner margin straight.
Hind icing : kite-shaped, the angle at vein 4 blunt, the hindmargin faintly
indented between veins 6 and 7.
Palpi short, blunt ; antennae of i ciliated ; tongue and frenulum present ;
antepenultimate segment of abdomen with large lateral tufts of hair.
Neuration : forewing, cell half as long as wing ; discocellular slightly
oUique, very fine ; first median nervule at two-thirds, second close before third ;
radials normal; 7, 8, 9, stalked; 10 and 11 coincident; hindwing, costal bent
dciwn and closely approximated to subcostal for half of cell, G and 7 divergent ;
no radial.
Tyjic : Cirrlio.'<oma translucida spec. nov.
The genus is allied to Berberoiles Gnen. and Bailantiophora Butler, but in
this case the abdomen, and not the wing, is tufted.
( 55 )
32. Cirrhosoma translucida spec, nov,
Forewinq : g)oss\' white, semi-transfiarent ; costa gilded and specl<Ied with
purplish ; very faint traces of an outer line parallel to hiudmurgin, the marjjiual
area with faint brownish striae ; fringe white.
Hinclwhi(/ : with traces of two lines, median and postmedian ; the marginal
striae plainer.
Dudertidc all white ; the costa of forewing gilded yellow.
Face, vertex, and palpi deep brown ; thorax and abdomen white ; tufts of
abdomen white ; legs white ; forelegs in front brownish.
Expanse of wings : 34 mm.
1 cJ from Santo Domingo, Carabaya, S.E. Pern (Ockenden).
33. Ophthalmophora humilis spec. nov.
Forewimj : fawn-grey ; the inner margin from one-third to anal angle
yellowish white, the streak pointed towards base and reaching vein 2 at the margin ;
a pale mark on discocellular ; a curved diffuse pale streak from two-thirds of
costa to end of vein 2 ; fringe concolorous.
Ilindwinq : with a pale yellowish-white oblique band near base, edged below
with buff, and widening to middle of costa ; a broad bluish metallic streak before
hindmargin, curving down from beyond middle of costa to vein 6 ; the marginal
area beyond it buff; two embossed ocelli in disc, one between veins 6 and 7, the
other nearer hindmargin between 4 and 6, their disc brassy on a velvety black
ground [ringed with ochreons ; the inner marginal area peppered with dark and
light scales ; fringe pale ochreous.
Underside whitish grey, the forewing with costa and hindmargin darker.
Face, palpi, vertex, and antennae brownish grey; thorax and abdomen
pale grey.
Exjjanse of wings : 28 mm.
1 $ from Santo Domingo, Carabaya, S.E. Peru, CoUO ft., December 1902,
wet season (Ockenden).
34. Opisthoxia argenticincta spec. nov.
Foreicint/ : chestnut red; a broad costal streak, the inner margin from anal
angle to one-third from base, the discocellular, and the fringe silvery white ; costal
edge yellowish.
Hindwing : with a broad oblique fascia near base, the inner margin and the
fringes silvery white ; a fine interrupted metallic line close to hindmargin, curving
round at costa to vein 0, where it is followed by a small round embossed spot
of raised metallic scales edged finely, first with black, and then again with yellow.
Underside of forewing greyish white, diffusely darker along hindmargin ; of
hindwing white with a very narrow dark margin ; fringes white.
Head and palpi brownish grey, the vertex paler ; shoulders silvery white ;
thorax and basal segments of abdomen chestnut red ; rest of abdomen cinereous,
separated by a white bar ; abdomen below, pectus, and legs white.
Exjjause of wings : 41 mm.
1 ? from Santo Domingo, Carabaya, S.E. Pern, 6500 ft., August 1902, dry
season (Ockenden).
l{eferred to Opist/toj.-i(i provisionally, in the absence of the cj.
(56)
SuRFAMiLT ABRAXINAE.
3.'). Panthera semiconfluens spec nov.
Foreiring : pale yellow, as iu P. conylomeratu Warr., with a slight olive tinge ;
all the margiual sjiots couflucnt, sometimes eutirely, sometimes with small
interspaces of yellow.
Il/nduiiiq : uniformly pale yellow ; the ajpical spot always lengthened along
costa and confluent with the two margiual blotches below it.
Head and tliorax grey ; base of patagia and centre of thorax pale yellow ;
abdomen grey with segmental rings yellow ; sometimes more or less yellow with
dark grey blotches, the last two segments always dark grey.
Expanse of wings : -IS — 52 mm.
10 examples, all ? ?, from Santo Domingo, Carabaya, iS.E. Peru, 05im) ft.,
July and August 1902, dry season (Ockenden).
Nearest to P. conglomerata Warr. from Ecuador, which has all the spots much
darker.
Subfamily NEPHODIINAE.
36. Hyalopola marginata spec nov.
Foreicing : white, semi-transparent ; costal area above subcostal vein, hind-
margin and fringe, and the apex broadly slaty grey ; veins ])lainly darker ; a grey
band from costa before middle to middle of inner margin, where it forms a broad
cloud, the upper part more or less obsolete.
llindiving : with costal area paler grey, the hindmargin and apex as in fore-
wing ; fringe of inner margin in both wings grey. In the dark marginal area of
both wings appears a faint waved paler snbmargiual cloud.
Underside with costal and marginal areas all smoky black ; no trace of
transverse shade on forewinsj.
Head and antennae blackish ; thorax and abdomen grey, the latter darker ;
abdomen beneath whitish, with a central dark line ; pectus and femora whitish ;
tibiae and tarsi black.
Expanse of wings : 50 mm.
1 c? from R. Colorado, Pern, October 1902 (Watkins).
37. Myrmecophantes assimilis spec nov.
Very near to M. fl>/tiri Druce, differing as follows : the underside of hindwing
is without the white snbmarginal band ; the inner margin of the same wings is
white, edged by a brown streak along the submedian fold ; the brown streak along
the cell-fold beyond cell is not continued through cell to base of wing.
The face is black, edged laterally and below with white.
Expanse of wings : 56 mm.
1 J from Pozuzo, Department Huanuco, Peru (Hoffmanns).
38. Nipteria directa si)ec nov.
Fffrewing : very pale brownish-grey, slightly darker along costa, and more
broadly at apex and middle of hindmargin ; the costa and apex with obscure dark
striae ; a dark linear cell-mark on upper half of discocellular : a fine curved brown
( 57 )
line from one-fonrth of costa, where it is black, to oue-third of inner margin ; enter
line thick, distinct, qnite straight, from fonr-fifths of costa to two-thirds of inner
margin ; fringe dark grey.
HiiiJwim/ : with slight cell-spot and fine onter Hue cnrvcd parallel to liind-
iiiargin, bnt obsolescent towards costa.
Underside of forewing with costal and apical areas browner, densely striated
with fuscous ; the two lines of n])per surface visible by transparence, bnt beyond
outer line a short curved black line to vein 4, starting from a blaclc costal spot :
hindwing almost covered with thick olive-fuscous coalescent striae ; a dark cell-spot
and dark curved outer line, nearer hindmargin than on upperside.
Head, thorax, and abdomen dull smoky grey, the last with blackish rings ;
legs and antennae blackish.
Expanse of wings : 44 mm.
1 ? from Santo Domingo, Carabaya, S.E. Peru, 6000 ft., July 1902, dry season
(Oekenden).
39. Nipteria dispansa ab. infiarcata nov.
Like the type form of dispansa Warr., bnt the oujter line is quite simply curved
from three-fifths of inner margin to costa shortly before apex, without any traces of
the furcation towards costa with the dark suffusion between the two branches which
is so conspicuous in dispansa. It seems probable that the present will prove to be
the more ordinary form, the original type representing a dark abnormality.
2 iS from Rio Colorado, Peru, October 1902 (Watkins).
411. Nipteria elongaria spec. nov.
Foretving : pale creamy-grey ; a fuscous lunule on discocellnlar ; costa fuscous
at base, with a darker subquadrate blotch at one-third, indicating the commencement
of inner line ; costa beyond paler ; a larger blotch at two-thirds, from which a fine
dentatc-lunulate line runs outwardly to vein 4, then parallel to hindmargin, hardly
visible above, but plain below ; apex and hindmargin slightly darker grey ; fringe
fuscous.
Hindwing : with grey cell-sj)ot, and pale fringe, finely chequered with dark
beyond veins.
Underside with all the markings clear; a brown triangular cloud on hind-
margin from apex to anal angle ; a smaller cloud on costa before apex ; the two
separated by an oblique pale streak from apex : hindwing dappled light and dark
grey, darker in basal two-thirds ; a round pale spot at base of cell ; dark cell-spot,
and outcurved postmedian line; inner margin whitish.
Face and palpi brown ; antennae black ; vertex, centre of shoulders and patagia
cream-white ; patagia laterally brownish ; abdomen grey with dark rings.
Expanse of wings : 58 mm.
1 S from Chanchamayo, Peru (Schunke).
A sjiecies of distinct appearance, with long narrow wings.
41. Nipteria fumosata spec. nov.
Forewing : smoky grey-brown, darker along hindmargin ; costal area dull
whitish with a few grey striae ; a black streak at base, and two short curved black
( 58 )
streaks at two-fifths and two-thirds, between which at eqnal distances lies the
bhackish cell-spot : the streaks stop short in cell and on vein 5 respectively, and
from their ends two very fine dark lines can be traced to inner margin mnning
parallel to hindmavgin ; fringe pale mottled with blackish at veins.
Hiiidwiiig : with cloudy black cell-spot and dark curved postmedian line, edged
with paler ; marginal line dark ; fringe as in forewing.
Underside brighter, the markings clearer ; a blackish cloud before hindmargin
between veins 4 and 0 ; costal markings as above : hindwing as above, but covered
with distinct fuscous striae.
Head, thorax, and abdomen dull mouse-grey, shoulders and patagia darker,
legs and antennae blackish.
Expanse of wings ; 37 mm.
1 ? from Santo Domingo, Carabaya, S.E. Pern, 650U ft., October 1902, dry
season (Ockenden).
42. Nipteria occulta A\'arr.
The ? of this insect, a specimen of which I have seen from Santo Domingo,
S.E. Pern, diSers somewhat from the c?. The markings of the npperside are much
less distinct ; the two abbreviated apical lines are hardly visible, and the cell-sj)ots
almost absent. On the underside the fulvous triangular space at apex of forewing
is more conspicuous than in the t? ; while in the hindwing the dark transverse line
is followed by a fulvous ochreons area.
The ?, which is the same size as the <?, was taken in December 1002, wet
season (Ockenden).
43. Nipteria pallidilinea spec, no v.
Foreichiff : semi-hyaline, dull greyish; costal area and hindmargin brnadly
grey-tinged ; basal fourth of costa blackish ; cell-spot large, blackisli, preceded and
followed on costa by blackish curved streaks, indicating inner and outer lines, which
are obscurely marked by dark spots on the veins; the outer of the two blackish
costal spots is followed by a dark grey spot before the dark grey marginal liorder,
which is limited internally by a faint curved pnle line; fringe cheijuered dark and
light grey.
Ilindteinr/ : striated with grey, with black cell-spot and curved postmedian
pale line, be)'ond which the margin is darker : a dark marginal line ; fringe grey,
mottled black beyond veins.
Underside the same, but all tjie markings lilackcr ; the veins black ; the outer
pale line distinct on both wings.
Head, thorax, and abdomen blackish grey.
Expanse of wings : 35 mm.
1 <S from K. (Colorado, Peru, October 10o2 (Watkins).
Easily distinguished by the pale outer line and neat grey shading.
44. Nipteria subbrunnea sjiec. nov.
Foveidny : semi-hyaline, whitish ; costal area pale brownish grey, widening
towards apex which is broadly grey, the dark tint narrowing to anal angle ; fringe
brownish grey ; a distinct dark cell-spot and outer line oblique from costa to vein 6.
( .w )
Uindwing : whitish, the outer half showing grey from the chirk umlersurfare ;
fringe dark grey.
Underside like upper, with the dark tints distinetly brownish-tinged ; hind-
wing with outer half dark brownish, traversed by a diffuse dark line curved parallel
to margin.
Thorax and abdomen luteous grey ; face and vertex jiale oclireons.
Expanse of wings : 34 mm.
1 S from E. Colorado, Peru, October 1902 CWatkins).
Apparently allied to i\'. /tija Dogn., but larger, and decidedly brownish.
45. Penthophlebia subvenata spec. nov.
Forewing : white with a faint luteous tinge ; veins towards hindmargin
brownish ; costal area pale luteous ; a faint grey mark on upper half of discocellular,
and half-way between it and apex the commencement of a grey submarginal line ;
fringe like wings.
Himhving and fringe altogether whitish.
Underside with all the veins well marked, brownish, also the discocellular lines
and the submarginal line below costa of forewing.
Head, thorax, and abdomen whitish, the head parts with a luteous tinge ;
tibiae and tarsi dark fuscous.
Expanse of wings : 4.5 mm.
1 i from R. Colorado, Peru, October 1002 (Watkins).
Subfamily SELIDOSEMINAE.
40. Ischnopteris conjungens spec. nov.
Foreiving : dark fuscous, with a purplish tinge, and speckled obscurely with
darker ; the inner and outer lines whitish green and narrow ; first from near base
of costa to one-third of inner margin, bent on sulimedian fold ; basal area with
a large black blotch between median and submedian veins, sparsely edged with
whitish scales ; outer line from three-fifths of costa, vertical to middle, bluntly bent
outwards between 3 and 4 .lud inwards on the submedian fold, then curved inwards
and coalescing along inner margin with the inner lino ; central area with two dark
oblique blotches on each side of the median vein ; cell-spot black, just beyond outer
line, and on inner margin above and below vein 1 a patch of white black-speckled
scales ; submarginal line acutely dentate, the teeth filled up with blackish and
edged with white ; this white edging forms a blotch above anal angle and on costa
is tinged with luteous ; marginal area reddish-tinged, especially along veins 3 and 4,
the space between them greenish ; marginal lunules blackish ; fringe concolorous.
Ilindicinq : uniform dark fuscous, with traces of a central line; underside of
forewing fuscous, with an ill-defined darker submarginal shade ; marginal area
mixed with ochreous, becoming quite ochreous at apex ; bindwing paler, with dark
postmedian and submarginal shades and ochreous marginal area.
Head and thorax purplish fuscous ; abdomen reddish grey with ochreous anal
tuft and dark dorsal crests ; forctibiae reddish mottled with black.
Exj)anse of wings : 44 mm.
1 c? from Santo Domingo, Carabaya, S. E. Pern, 0000 ft., November 1902,
wet season (Ockeuden).
( 60 )
47. Isclinopteris projectata spec. nov.
Forewing : deep purplish, striated with (hirker, in the disc with some green
scales intermixed ; the inner and outer hands green, in the latter case sometimes
mixed with whitish scales ; the inner baud from quite near base of costa to one-
third of inner margin, angled outward on subraedian fold ; the outer band broad and
diffuse from middle of costa to two-thirds of inner margin ; the purple area between
the green shades crossed at middle by a twice outcnrved darker median line, the
purjile tint beyond it being deeper ; the edge of tlie central space is vertical to cell,
then strongly i)rojccting below vein 4 and obliijue inwards ; the cell-spot, of raised
dark scales, stands on the outer edge of the green shade ; submarginal line inter-
rnpted in middle, greenish or greenish white at costa and above inner margin ;
the pnrplisli marginal area slightly tinged with green beyond ceil : marginal spots
dark ; fringe purplish.
Himlu-infj : dark purplish fuscous, paler along costal area, with traces of dark
curved postmedian and submarginal lines.
Underside ochreous overlaid with blackish grey, with dark median and outer
lines and broad submarginal band ; tbe apical region, the costa, and two post-
median blotches, one in cell, the other on submedian interval, ]ialer ; hindwing
ochreous speckled with black, with postmedian and submarginal black shades.
Head and ])alpi purplish and fnscons ; thorax green ; abdomen cinereous ; legs
reddish testaceous, coarsely black-mottled.
Expanse of wings : 52 mm.
5 c?(? from Santo Domingo, Carabaj-a, S. E. Peru, 6000 ft., December 1902,
wet season (Ockenden).
This species is much like pexatata Moeschl. from Surinam, for which at first I
mistook it ; but the points of difference seem too great. All the examples yet seen
are i S ; all the examples of i-iridifascia are ? ? ; and though the outer green
band is quite different in position, form, and width, in the two forms, it is possible
they may be sexes of one species. The S agrees with pexatata in having the
fringe of inner margin of hindwing very full, and in addition a ridge of hair scales
along the outer half of vein 1 .
48. Oenoptila? subconiiisa spec. nov.
Forewing : bright orange, speckled with vinous ; the inner and hindmargins
broadly sufl'used with dull vinous; a vinous spot at middle of base; first line at
one-third, vertical, consisting of three vinous spots on the veins ending in a blotch
on inner margin ; median shade vinous, from just beyond middle of costa, oblique
and straight outwards to vein 4, then bent and vertical to two-thirds of inner
margin ; outer line from two-thirds of costa, parallel to median, consisting of
vinous spots on the veins, those towards inner margin marked with black dashes
outwardly tijiped with white ; an indistinct snlimargiual vinous shade ; fringe
vinous like the suffusion, which leaves the extreme apex orange ; cell-spot black
and large.
IlinJicimj : wholly diffused with vinous ; all the lines, except first line, marked
but more or less obscured; no cell-spot.
Underside dull ochraceous, irregularly blotched and speckled with dull vinous,
darkest along the hindmargins ; cell-s^wt of forewing blackish.
( fil )
Vertex, collar, shoulders, patagia, thorax and basal segments of abdomen fiery
orange ; face and palpi deep ferrnginons ; abdomen cinereous.
Expanse of wings : 39 mm.
2 ? ? from Sauto Domingo, Carabaya, S.E. Peru, 6500 ft., January and
October 1902, dry season (Ockeuden).
In the second ? the speckling and blotches forming the lines are blackish
instead of vinous, like the cell-spot.
Very much like Ooiopt'da iiiterriipta Warr. {Petelia) from Brazil, witli which
I have hitherto confused it, but the undersides are quite different ; in iuternipta the
forewiug beneath has a subijuadrate dark apical patch.
49. Oenoptila subfasciata spec. nov.
Poyeidiiij : dull fulvous, striated, not speckled, with blackish; the lines diifuse,
vinous, and as in siobcon/'usa the inner and outer lines marked by blackish spots on
veins ; the position of the lines is the same as in that species, but the median shade
is closer to the cell-spot and nearly vertical throughout ; cell-spot black aud large ;
a blackish blotch on submarginal line below middle.
tliiidwing : with the outer lines marked, and the cell-spot distinct and black.
Underside yellowish straw-colour, almost without speckling ; cell-spots black
and large ; a submarginal vinous fascia with its centre blackish.
Head, thorax, and abdomen dull greyish fulvous ; the abdomen with anal
segments and laterally grey
Expanse of wings : 39 mm.
1 ? from Santo Domingo, Carabaya, S.E. Peru, 05U0 ft., December 1902, wet
season (Ockeuden).
The difference in the underside will distinguish this species at once from both
suhconfusa and interrupta Warr.
50. Thysanopyga nig^ricosta spec. nov.
Forcwiiiij : pale reddish-grey, with verj^ fine dark striae ; a broad purplish-
black costal streak ; the basal area, the cell and space below, and the marginal area
above vein 5 brick-red ; first line brown close to base, vertical ; second line well
before middle, reddish brown, vertical to below median vein, then slightly curved
outwards to inner margin before middle, closely followed by the black cell-spot ;
outer line purplish black from three-fourths of inner margin, hardly concave out-
wards, curving just before reaching the black costal streak aud running through it
into apex ; below costal streak at apex the hindmargia is pale grey inwardly edged
by two white luuules ; fringe reddish grey with pale base, chequered white below
apex and above vein .5.
Ilindwing : without lines ; cell-spot minute, snow-white in a diffuse brownish
shade from before middle of costa, preceded aud followed by a brick-red tint in
midwing ; a brown cloud at apex and anal angle, preceded by a baud of pale
ground-colour.
Underside greyish ochrcous, speckled with black, with a broad submarginal
brownish cloud on both wings ; cell-spots black ; extreme apex of forewiug pale.
Pnlpi greyish ochreous with dark scales, the tips white ; face browu ; fillet and
( 62 )
base of shoulders iinrjilish black like the costal streak ; patagia, thorax, and rest of
shoulders brick-red ; abdomeu grej-, tiuged with red along dorsum ; antennae black ;
legs grey.
Expanse of wings : 44 mm.
Several examples from Santo Domingo, Carabaya, S.E. Pern (Ockenden). 1
have previonsly passed this species as a form of abdomixaria Guen., but it is a
distinct species, characterised at once by the black costa.
SUBKAMILY ASOOTINAE.
•Jl. Bronchelia consimilis spec. nov.
Of the same size and colour as B. puellaria Guen., but the whole surface
thickly studded with leaden-grey and fuscous granular dots ; the lines more
distinctly marked, especially towards costa, the inner and outer with black dashes
on veins ; the brownish olive shade between outer and submarginal line, as in
puellaria, and distinctly extended to margin between veins 4 and 6 ; cell-spot
black. In the hindwing there are live dull olive-brownish lines or bands, one
antemedian passing over the black cell-spot, a postmediau dentate lunulate line
marked with black points on veins, followed by a broader shade, and two sub-
marginal bands enclosing the usual pale submarginal line.
Underside cream-white, in the forewing speckled and dusted with grey, the
costa striated with black, the cell-sjiot black ; a black submarginal band, thick
to vein 4 and extended to margin between veins 4 and 0, constricted below 4 and
ending in a blotch at vein 2 ; in hindwing this band is narrow, dentate externally on
veins, from costa to vein 4, then fading off.
Head, thorax, and abdomen whitish, mixed with olive-grey.
Expanse of wings : 74 mm.
1 ? from Jalapa, Mexico.
The white is creamy, not bluish, as in puellaria.
•52. Bronchelia plumbilinea spec. nov.
Very much like B. scolopaiea Drury i^from the West Indian Islands, but the
upper surface of the wings is altogether without the erect hairs so characteristic of
that species ; the lunulate submarginal line is composed of pale lustrous scales, the
Innules filled in vpith blackish, except that between veins 3 and 4, of which the
scales are leaden-grey.
The ochraceons underside has a diffuse bkn'k submarginal cloud in both wings
broader in the hindwing ; the forewing is thickly and coarsely S2)eckled with
blackish, and has all the lines blackish, the double submarginal line being connected
with the submarginal fascia by a blackish blotch ; the liindwing by comparison is
without speckling or lines.
Expanse of wings : 86 mm.
1 cJ, Santo Domingo, Carabaya, S.E. Peru, OUOU ft., January 1903, wet
season (Ockenden).
I have seen examples from several localities in S. America which have hitherto
been passed over as scolo/juiea.
( 63 )
53. Bronchelia semicompleta spec. uov.
Forewiufi : white, semi-transparent, with a few fine grey speckles, which are
thickest near base and along costa ; the lines dark grey, obscurely marked, but
starting from distinct dark costal spots ; first from one-third of costa to one-fourth
of inner margin, oblique parallel to hindmargin, forming an outward curve above and
below the median ; second from two-thirds of costa to middle of inner margin, curved
outwards above and marked by dark dots on veins ; cell-spot grey ; submargiual
line waved, pale, between two dark shades from costa to below vein 5, and less
marked from 3 to anal angle ; slight dark marginal dashes ; fringe white (damaged).
Ilimlwing : with cell-spot and dentate-lunulate outer line grey ; submargiual
line and shades less conspicuous.
Underside white ; the costal spots only distinct ; forewing with a quadrate
apical blackish blotch, with curved inner edge, reaching nearly to vein 4, and a
blotch between 2 and 3 not touching margin ; hindwing similar, but the apical
blotch longer and narrower, the lower one very obscure.
Head and palpi grey ; shoulders pale grey ; thorax and abdomen white, the
segments of the latter with grey rings ; legs white ; pectus and forelegs in front
grey.
Expanse of wings : 64 mm.
1 c? from Palino cue, Paraguay, February (Montforts).
Distinguished from both puellaria Guen. and detexta Wlk. by the narrower
and more jiointed forewings, and the greyer scaling.
54. Cymatophora subcrinita spec. nov.
Forewing : olive-tinged oohreous, the markings dark olive-green ; costa with
short dark green striae ; all the shadings parallel to hindmargin, thick and inter-
rupted along the course of the median vein ; the submargiual also by an oblique
pale streak from apex ; a dark spot at base of costa ; first line represented by a spot
on costa, a triangular one in cell, and a lunule below median vein, preceded by a
paler space edged by a darker line ; cell-siJot contiguous to a subquadrate olive
patch with a dark costal spot obliquely above it beyond middle, and a large lunule
below median preceded by a dark line ; these markings appear to represent the
median shade ; outer shade lunulate from three-fourths of costa, below median
coalescing irregularly with the median shade ; submargiual line lunulate, the
lunules filled up with darker and followed by difl'use olive shading; marginal
lunules blackish, horseshoe-shaped ; fringe pale ochreous.
Hindiciiiy : ochreous, with a diifuse grey submargiual clond ; fringe both of
the outer and inner margin yellowish ochreous.
Underside ochreous, irregularly blotched with olive fuscous ; a large quadrate
apical blotch, the apex itself beiug jnire ochreous, and another at anal angle ; the
submargiual fascia of hindwing olive fuscous ; cell-spots black.
Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous, the head and shoulders olive-tinged ;
palpi externally and tips of the shoulders fuscous.
Expanse of wings : 44 mm.
1 c? from Huancabamba, ( 'erro de Pasco, Peru, 0 — ln,OUO ft. (Bottger).
The fringe of inner margin of hiudwiugs is double and thickly curled at anal
angle ; a ridge of ochreous hairs runs along vein 1, and ochreous hairs are scattered
over the base of wing; the segments of the abdomen beneath are all tufted, and the
( 64 )
pectus and femora are hairy ; the basal joint of ])alpi is conspicuous with a rounded
fringe of outstanding hairs. The insect bears a great superficial resemblance to
muraena Druce.
Subfamily SEMIOTHISINAE.
55. Semiothisa crassisquama s])ec. nov.
Forewing : ochreous, covered with coarse olive-brown striations ; the costa
yellowish witli fine brown striae; the lines brown, starting from oblique brown costal
blotches at one-fifth, two-fifths, and three-fifths ; the first and second lines thick
and diffuse, the second touching the brown discal mark, the third narrower,
crenulatc, angled on vein 6 ; at four-fifths of costa a fourth brown blotch, inwardly
oblique and broadened to vein 6, commences a submarginal shade which is inter-
rupted beyond cell by a fulvous patch and continued as a brown streak to inner
margin ; marginal area suffused with brown and fulvous ; between veins 6 and 7
the ground-colour on each side of the brown marks is white ; a row of blackish
marginal hmules ; fringe yellowish, chequered with brown at the veins, wholly
brown beyond cell.
Hindwimj : without basal line ; the submarginal band uninterrnpted, mixed
with fulvous throughout ; hindmargin below middle paler.
Underside white, striated with brown ; costa and veins of both wings yellow ;
markings as above, but clearer ; the fnlvous patch beyond cell of forewing con-
spicuous ; apex of hindwing leaden-grey.
Head, thorax, and abdomen olive ochreous, varied with darker.
Expanse of wings : 25 mm.
1 c? from Palino cue, Paraguay, February (Montforts).
Hindmargin of forewing without excision ; of hindwing bluntly toothed at
middle ; antennae shortly pubescent ; forewing without fovea.
56. Semiothisa orthodisca spec. nov.
Forewing : semi-transparent, pearl-grey, striated and partly tinged with dark
grey ; lines blackish ; first at one-fifth, bent in cell, then inwardly oblique ; second
at two-fifths, waved, parallel to first line ; discal mark dark chestnnt-brown,
oblique, and Ijlack edged on both sides, sharply cut at vein 4 and above j)roduced to
the costa ; outer line from two-thirds of costa to three-fonrths of inner margin, waved,
and dark-marked on veins ; succeeded by a broad fascia with waved external edge,
chestnut-brown to vein 3, then dark grey, narrowed to anal angle; it is slightly
edged with whitish and followed by a white dash above vein 0 ; marginal area
iron-grey ; marginal line black ; fringe brownish grey with a white fleck at apex.
Hindwing : without inner line ; cell-spot round and bhuk ; submarginal fascia
wholly dark gre}' ; fringe dark grey with pearly base.
Underside brightly white; all the striae autl markings very distinct; sub-
marginal fascias both brown-tinged ; costa of forewing yellowish.
Head brown ; palpi brown mixed with ochreous ; thorax and j)atagia pale grey ;
shoulders pale grey with the tips dark; legs greyish white, dark-mottled.
Expanse of wings : 3i) mm.
1 <S from Chancliamayo, Peru (Schuuke).
Subapical excision of forewing slight ; hindwing with prominent angle in the
middle ; forewing with small but distinct fovea ; antennae simply pubescent.
( fi5 )
57. Xenoecista lapidata spec, no v.
Forewing : ochreous stoae-colonr, speckled with black; Hues darker, but all
very indistinct ; basal Hue at one-fifth, bent in cell ; second nearly straight, parallel
to hindmargin, a little before middle, passing beyond the equally obscure cell-spot;
outer line at three-fourths, marked by dark spots on the veins, not reaching costa,
followed by an obscure shade ; dark marginal dashes before the ochreous fringe.
liindwiiig : without inner line ; all the others plainer.
Underside yellower ochreous, with the middle line and a broad submarginal
fascia brown ; the fascia in forewing extended to margin beyond cell.
Head, thorax, and abdomen coucoloruus with wings.
Expanse of wings : 30 mm.
1 ? from Organ Mountains, near Tijuco.
Hindmargin of forewing oblique : of hindwing bluntly angled at middle.
This species will almost certainly prove to be a Xeiwcciata, when the i is
discovered.
Subfamily ENNOMINAE.
58. Anisoperas albimorsa spec. nov.
Forewing : grey, striated with black ; the central area with an olive-fdscous
tinge ; first line dark fuscous, from one-third of costa to two-fifths of inner margin,
somewhat excurved above and below median vein, preceded by whitish grey scales ;
outer line from three-fourths of costa to two-thirds of inner margin, strongly deutate-
lunnlate, running outwards to vein 7, then sinuous, the teeth on the veins marked
by white dashes ; a white curve on costa beyond it and another white blotch before
apex ; on vein 5 within the outer line is a subquadrate cream- white blotch, and
between veins 5 and 7 are two smaller cream-white spots, one on each side of the
outer line ; costal edge striated with ochreous ; cell-spot blackish ; fringe dark olive
fuscous in basal half, paler beyond.
Ilindwimj : with an olive-fuscous tinge throughout, striated with blackish and
with a few whitish grey speckles ; cell-siiot and outer line as in forewing ; a small
whitish lunule instead of the subquadrate blotch ; marginal area narrowly darker,
owing to black striae ; fringe as in forewing.
Underside cinereous-fuscous with dark striations ; cell-spots and outer lines
dark ; all the white sirots repeated.
Head, thorax, and abdomen like wings ; fillet narrowly whitish.
Expanse of wings : 26 mm.
1 ¥ from K. Colorado, Peru, October IWZ (^Vatkins).
59. Azelina Mvata spec. nov.
Forewing : greyish fulvous, the costal streak pale drab with brown points ;
lines fuscous, diffuse ; first straight, at one-third, bent inwards and obscure on
subcostal vein, preceded by a pale grey line ; outer line obliquely curved from
four-fifths of costa to two-thirds of inner margin, outwardly edged with grey ;
cell-spot blackish, with a minute whitish centre ; black submarginal dots ; fringe
greyish fulvous.
Ilindwimj : fulvous only along hindmargin, the rest pale ochreous yellow ; a
5
(06 )
browu straight jiostmediati line from above anal angle to before apex, faintly
edged externally with jiale ; au obscure dark cell-spot ; fringe brownish fulvous.
Underside of both wings i)ale fulvous above middle, striated with browu ;
below middle whitish ; outer line brown and distinct on both wings through the
fulvous areas ; cell-spot an elongated oval with jiale centre.
Head, thorax, and abdomen pale fulvous.
Expanse of wings : 34 mm.
1 ? from Onaca, 8ta. Martha, 2200 ft., September— October 1901, wet seasou
(Engelke).
Forewiug with hindmargiu toothed at '-i and 0, the apex also produced ; hindwiug
toothed at vein 3.
60. Certima strigifera spec. nov.
Forewiny : brown, covered throughout with short fine yellowish and grey
striae ; a diffuse darker brown, less striated, shade at one-fourth and three-fourths,
at the place of the usual lines, the latter edged outwardly by white dashes on
veins; costa broadly cream-colour; fringe concolorous.
Jliiti/iri/iif : similar ; the outer line us on forewing, but forming the outer
edge of a slightly darker postmedian fascia.
Underside dirty ochreous, thickly striated with grey ; a grey cloud in cell of
forewiug, and a submarginal grey cloud on both wings, the apex of each wing being
whitish grey.
Head, thorax, and basal segment of abdomen browu ; rest of abdomen grey ;
fillet cream-colour.
Expanse of wings : 4S mm.
1 t? from Sauto Domingo, Carabaya, S.E. Fern, 0000 ft., July 1902, dry season
(Ockenden).
01. Cimicodes angustipennis spec. nov.
Fciretciidj : brownish iiuvn-colour, always paler than in any of the foj'ms of
pallico&t'cta Gueu. ; the costal streak olive-ochreous with grey freckling ; lines and
markings as in jjallicostata, but the white dot on vein 0 in the outer line is much
less cons])icuons, and the outer line itself is slightly curved outwards before reaching
inner margin.
Jlindwiiiy : with the line sinuous and running outside of, or touching, the
ilistinct black cell-spot.
Underside pale fawn-colour, speckled with darker, and tinged with brownish
along hiudmargins, with indistinct outer and submarginal lines marked by dark
vein-points ; the outer line concave outwards ; apex of forewing whitish.
Face and palpi dark brown ; vertex, shoulders, and basal half of thorax and
patagia olive-ochreous, like costal stripe ; rest of patagia and thorax dark brown ;
abdomen paler brown.
Expanse of wings : .30 mm.
4 (J c? from 8au Ernesto, Bolivia, lono ni., August and (September I'JOO
(Simons).
The forewings are very decidedly narrower than in //idlicogfulci ; the hiudwiugs
rounded.
This is the insect which, in jS'od. Zool. xi. p. 137, 1 wrongly referred to lalaUi
Gueu., which is certainly the ? oi jiaUkostatu.
(67 )
62. Cimicodes ferruginea spec. nov.
Forewiiuj : dark chestnut brown, paler, tinged with olive and yrey. between
first and second Hue, and deep ferruginous between second and submarginal lines ;
costal streak bright ochveons straw-colonr, along costal edge tinged with olive,
and with very few dark speckles ; the inner and outer lines pale lilac grey, both
concave ontwards, the central space towards the lines deeper brown ; cell-spot
black in a lilac-grey oval ; snbmarginal line starting as a fine sinnous white line
at costa, then grey, inwardly edged with black-brown ; the outer line runs straight
into the pale costal streak, and both are without white vein-dots; fringe grey-brown,
with i^ale tips.
Hindwiixj : with the costal area and the inner margin up to first line olive
grey-brown with dark striae ; the rest of the wing deep ferruginous ; submarginal
line dark brown, irregularly dentate; margin from anal angle to vein 4 deep brown ;
fringe as in forewing ; inner line passing over the black cell-spot.
Underside dull olive-brown, with dark speckles ; outer line marked by white
vein-dots ; submarginal dentate-lunulate, blackish edged with pale grey.
Head, apical two-thirds of jiatagia and thorax, and abdomen deep brown;
shoulders and basal third of thorax and patagia pale green ; legs dull orange
speckled and ringed with black.
Expanse of wings : 52 mm.
1 c? from Santo Domingo, Carabaya, S.E. I'eru, 6500 ft., October 1902, dry
season (Ockenden).
Distinguished from all other si)ecies of the genus by the bright ferruginous
tinge and strikingly pale costa.
63. Euclysia carueata.
Phyllodoiila mnuatu Warr., Nur. ZwA. xi. p. 16U (1904).
This species was wrongly referred by me to the geuns PlujUodonta : it is a
true Eiwh/sia ; and the S, which I have now seen, is like the ?. Tlie species comes
nearest to Euclysia macalata Warr., originally described as a Paiayouia.
64. Isochromodes straminea spec. nov.
ForeiciiKj : pale straw-colour, speckled with fine rust-coloured scales ; the
lines of this same tint, all more or less parallel to hindmargin and lunulate-
dentate ; first from one-third of costa to one-fourth of inner margin, obscure ;
median thicker, more difiiise, followed on inner margin by a round greyish
blotch ; outer line indistinct and interrupted, marked chiefly by brown dashes on
the veins, followed by a grey blotch between 3 and 4, thence incurved and running
into the grey blotch of median line ; submarginal line also marked by brown
vein-spots only, and ending in a grey cloud ; cell-spot small and black, be3'ond a
Innule of tiie median line ; fringe concolorous, with slight brown dots at the
vein-ends ; hindmargin not crenulate.
Hindwing : similar, but without basal line ; the markings all less distinct.
Underside pale straw-colour, brown-freckled towards costa only ; a dark grey
submarginal line, obscurely luuulate-deutate on both wings, running in from
vein 3 to 2, and there ending, followed in both wings beyond cell by a grey cloud.
( 68 )
Head, thorax, and abdomen straw-colour ; face white with the iii)i)er part
browu ; pectus, legs, and abdomen beneath all straw-colour.
Expanse of wings : 44 mm.
1 (j from Santo Domingo, Carabaya, S.E. I'eru, 6UUU ft., July I'JUx', dry
season (Ockendeu).
65. Isochromodes turbinata spec. nov.
Foreicing : jjale luteons-grey, slightly speckled with brown ; the markings all
dull chestnut brown ; a thick diffuse band at about one-third, sinnous, bent outwards
in cell and inwards on submedian fold, coalescing along inner margin with a broad
iwstmedian band, the costal half of which, except the edges, is paler; the inner
edge of this band starts from middle of costa, is angled outwards on the median
vein, then runs obliqnely inwards ; its outer edge from five-sixths of costa is
vertical to vein 4, jirojects strongly outwards between 4 and 5, and then curves
inwards to two-thirds of inner margin ; within the inner edge is a small black
cell-sj)ot ; submarginal line pale, indistinct, marked by irregular brown shadings
on each side, below 4 touching the projection of the brown band ; a fine browu
marginal lunulate line ; fringe pale with dark dots at base be}'ond veins.
Uimhi-'nig : similar, but without inner line : the cell-spot ringed with paler.
Underside cream-white, sparsely sjirinkled with dark scales ; marginal line
darker ; forewing with dark cell-spot and smoky fuscous shade from costa to
hindmargiu at vein 2, containing an obscure dark line across it parallel to hind-
margin to vein 2, this shade hardly visible on hindwing.
Head, thorax, and abdomen grey ; face darker.
Exjianse of wings : 44 mm.
1 ? from Santo Domingo, Carabaya, S.E. Peru, G.5U0 ft., October I'Jn::.', dry
season (Ockenden).
In shape and markings this species resembles J. maculosata Warr., but is
totally different in coloration ; beneath it somewhat resembles /. grisca, but the
ground-colour is not so white, and there is no shade on hindwing.
'iO. Loxapicia cognata spec. nov.
Forewimj : pale ochreous, speckled with dull brownish ; the lines pale brown ;
first before one-third, angled in cell shortly before the small black cell-spot, then
oblicpie to one-fouith of inner margin, jjreceded by a broad grey shade ; outer line
from apex to just beyond middle of inner margin, sinuous, being faintly bent in
cell and on submedian fold, and slightly curved outwards between those jioiuts,
followed by a broad grey shade ; submarginal line represented by dark dots on
veins, of which those on veins 1,2, 3 alone are consi)icuous ; fringe ochreous, with
minute dark dots at base beyond the veins.
Ilindtcini/ : with the inner Hue distinct, curved, close to base, but without a
grey shade ; tlie rest as in forewing ; cell-spot black, close before outer line. The
brown speckling is densest in the marginal area of each wing and along costa of
forewing.
Underside like upper; the shades broad and conspicuous; the submarginal
and outer uniting above middle in forewing.
( 69 )
Head, thorax, ami alKlomen ocliveons ; abdominal soi^mpnts with lirown dorsal
marks.
Exjianse of wings : 20 mm.
1 c? from Chancliamayo, Pern (Scluinko).
The antennae arc lieavily pectinated ; in the forewing vein I is swollen and
npcurved at base.
In general appearance the species resembles Mesedrn.
07. Melinodes fulvitincta spec. nov.
Foren-huj : mnstard yellow, with coarse brown-black speckles ; the lines
blackish ; first from one-f'onrth of costa to one-third of inner margin, bent on
snbcostal, then vertical, projecting outwards on the three veins, inwardly ditfusely
edged and tinged with fulvous ; outer line from three-fourths of costa to two-thirds
of inner margin, sinuous, dentate-lnnulato, the teeth marked with white-tipped
black dashes on veins, curved ontwards to vein 6 and there acutely angled ;
submarginal line Innulate-dentate with prominent ontward projections on veins 6
and 15, insinuate between ; the space between these last two lines filled in by a
shade of browu and fulvous with black speckling, constricted in middle ; fringe
yellow ; slight brown spots at end of veins ; cell-spot brown, rather large.
Ilindwintj : without first line; the blotched shade beyond outer line broad
below middle, narrow above towards costa ; marginal spots large.
Underside paler yellow, witli the dark markings dull grey-brown.
Face brown, vertex yellow ; shoulders brown, their tips fulvous ; thorax and
pat.agia yellow ; abdomen yellow, tinged with fulvous and coarsely black-
speckled along dorsum. Underside of body and the legs yellow.
Expanse of wings : 30 mm.
1 ? from Tncuman, Argentina, May 1902 (Dinelli).
OS. Numia deceptrix spec. nov.
Fori'iviiKj : dull groy-green, densely covered with deeper green scales ; costal
edge finely white with dark dots ; a dark cell-spot ; fringe concolnrous.
f!>»rhr>tii/ : with a small round white cell-spot.
Underside j)aler, Inteous green, the speckling sparser but clearer.
Head, thorax, and abdomen like wings.
Expanse of wings : 2'J mm.
4 ? ? from Tucuman, Argentina, May 1902 (Dinelli).
In forewings the lower radial rises somewhat above tjie middle of the
discocellular, as in the Geomi'trnuw proper ; but the hindwings are without a
radial at nil.
09. Paracomistis maculata spec. nov.
Forciring : yellowish ochreous, sparsely dusted with black: a lilack spot
at liase of cell ; the lines marked by black dots on veins : first at one-fourth ;
outer line from just before apex to middle of inner margin, the line being conceive
outward from vein 7 to 4, then oblique and more or less connected; submarginal
series of dots parallel to margin ; from vein 4 to inner margin an oblir|ue blotch
( 70 )
of black speckles runs between ontcr and snbmarginal lines, the median sliade
also lieiu^s marked in black below tbe median vein, and a black shade jnst beyond
the outer line ; ajiex with some black scales and a low along the lower submarainal
spots; raarsrinal spots Mack ; cell-dnf, small ; fringe concolorons.
Iliiuhriiiij : similar, but withont basal line and with the median shade distinct
and straight from vein 6 to inner margin, touching the black cell-dot ; the dots
of the onter line connected, and ioliowid liy a black blotch at anal angle as far
as vein 3.
Underside paler, slightly speckled ; cell-spots and those of the onter and
marginal series only represented ; a dark snbmarginal shade in upper half of
forewing.
Head, thorax, and abdomen concolorons ; ])alpi externally blackisli ; patngia
with a dark mark across middle, thorax and abdomen s]iotted with black ; hinder
part of abdomen blotched and ringed witli Idack above and beneath.
Expanse of wings : 44 mm.
1 6 from Santo Domingo, C'arabaya, S.E. Pern, (35on ft., December 1902, wet
season (Ockenden).
TO. PoUa fuscata spec. nov.
Foreicinij : dark olive-brown witli blackish striae ; a thick black line from inner
margin at one-sixth to apex, marked by white scales above vein 0; a blade
cell-spot ; jnst before it an obliqne dark streak from eosta preceded by a few pale
scales indicates the inner line ; beneath the oblique line in the middle of wing
is a diffuse dark shade ; costal edge ochreous brown with black dots ; fringe in
basal half distinctly reddish, in apical half white.
Jliitdwing : with two obscure curved dark lines beyond middle, ending above
anal angle and accompanied there by a few pale scales : extreme base pale,
edged by the continuation of the oblique black line of forewing.
Underside dark lilac-grey with black speckles ; the marginal area broadly
brownish fuscous, except at ai)ex of forewing, which remains grey.
Head, thorax, and abdomen like wings : pectus and abdomen beneath grey :
tarsi fulvous ochreons with black rings.
Expanse of wings : 30 mm.
J i from I'alcazu, Department Junin, Pern (Sedhnayr).
Trotogonia gen. nov.
Forewing : costa curved at base and before apex, nearly straight between :
apex rounded ; hindmargin oblique, not curved, to vein "2, excised between 1 and 2,
as long as inner margin, which is somewhat convex.
Ilhuhrhiij : shouldered at base and excised at apex from 8 to 7, which forms
a blnnt projection ; hindmargin faintly curved ; anal angle square.
Antennae of S bipectinate, the pectinations being long fascicles of cilia,
themselves strongly ciliated laterally and at ai)ex, the shaft rasped above and the
segments angnlated ; palpi short, closely apjiressed to face; tongue and frennhim
present ; hindtibia with four spurs.
Nennition: forewing, cell iiaiC the length of wing; discocelhihir nearly
vertical; lirst median nervnie a little beyond one-half, second close to tliir<l;
lower radial IVom fvbove mi<lcile of discocellular, upper from the depressed end of
( 71 )
cell; 7, 8, 9 stalked; 10,11 stalked: liindwing, rostal and snlicnstal only sliortly
approximated towards base ; :} and 7 well before antfles of cell.
Type : Trotogonia si(hornata spec. nov.
71. Trotogonia pallidata spec. nov.
Forrwiiifi : pale ochreons with a greenish tinge, snffiised with dull pnrplish
at base and along costa and hindiuargin ; the bands and markings almost identical
with those of '/'. xnhornaffi, Imt the paler gronnd-colonr shows up more before
as well as beyond the second line and on hindmargin below apex ; the costa,
instead of being smoothly sealed, is marked with dark greenish striae, and the
white scaling edging the pnrplish bands is more developed.
lUmhriny : paler, ochreons tinted and speckled with greenish and pnrplish;
the markings also as in sn/jontafu, and with a pale centred greenish cell-spot in
addition.
Underside [lale yellowisji with the markings pnrplish and with scarcely any
fnlvons tinge.
Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreons tinged witli violet; face l)rown ; abdomen
beneath yellow.
Expanse of wings : 3(1 mm.
1 S from Santn Domingo, Carabaya, 8.E. Pern, n.")(Hi ft., December 1902,
wet season (Ockenden).
Besides its smaller size and paler coloration this species differs strnctnrally
from the type species in that the antennae are not liipectinate, but merely
snbserrate and shortly ciliated.
72. Trotogonia subornata spec. nov.
Forpicinf/ : with the dnil jirimroso ground-colour almost entirely suffused
with pinkish violet and with a greenish tinge throughout ; the costal area above
subcostal vein rather paler and the hindiuargin deeper ; first line as an olive-
green band finely edged with whitish scales, bluntly bent outwards in cell, then
obliijue inwards ; second line diffuse, starting from a purplish costal blotch at
four-fifths, sinuous inwards to beyond middle of inner margin, where it is greenish,
both extremities finely edged with white; submarginal line also starting from
a purple wedge-shaped blotch just before apex, edge! with white anl ending at the
anal excision in some more white scales, accompanied by a pnrplish and olive blotch
below middle and a small purple lilotch before anal angle, and willi two roiuid jiale
spots, the upper one yellow, above and below vein 2 ; fringe purple ; cell-spot
obscure, ocelloid, greenish with dark edge, just before the second line ; space between
second and third lines dull primrose below' vein (5.
Ilimliritiff: a mixture of diffused violet and olive, more vi<det towards base
and inner margin, with a slightly darker band from middle of inner margin
accompanied there by white scaling; a ])urple blotch at the apioal excision and
spot below it, both edged with wiiite, und tliree ]nirplish spots in a. line from
costa before the excision.
Underside much gayer ; the paler areas of forewing bright fnlvons and yellow,
the bands purplish, the hindmargin deep ])urple, with one yellow spot, the costal
( -2)
area duller : hindwiiis: fulvous at costa, below it tinged with violet grey, the apieal
margin dee]i yellow, with tlie five purple sjwts.
Palpi and face deep ferrnginons ; vertex, thorax, and abdomen a mixture of
dull violet and olive ; anal segment ocbreous yellow ; underside of abdomen bright
fulvous.
Expanse of wings : 3.") mm.
1 (S from San Cajetano, (Jolombia, SOOU ft., September 1902.
The following species was omitted in its proper place ; it belongs to the
jAtcestiinac : —
73. Callipia balteata spec. nov.
Foreiving : dull smoky fascons ; the costa with broad, coarse, yellowish striae
and spots, the ai)ical area variegated with fine, longer striae ; at two-fifths and
three-fifths two larger yellow spots give rise to two broad, deep rosy bands, the
inner vertical to the median vein, then oblique inwards to vein 1, above which it
runs inwards, widening to base; the outer vertical to vein 5, then oblicjne and
straight to vein 1 at two-thirds ; yellow marginal dashes at the ends of the veins
running out and chequering the fuscous fringe.
Ilimhving : with obscure pale striations ; a pale cell-spot on upper arm of
discocellular ; a curved outer band, narrow and pale ochreons above, widening
and dull rosy below ; margin and fringe as in forewing, the veins paler towards
margin ; fringe of abdominal margin dull rosy.
Underside of forewing like upper, but the yellow striae and costal spots, as
well as the brown ground-colour, more vivid and concise ; the veins towards margin
yellow ; hindwing bright brown, with fine yellow striae ; cell-spot, veins, and
abdominal margin for two-thirds white ; the outer band yellow and broader ;
ground-colour along the cell and submedian fold blackish brown; costa yellow;
some rosy spots at base of wing.
Face, palpi, and shoulders rich velvety black ; collar yellow, tipped with
scarlet ; patagia yellowish ; thorax olive-brown ; abdomen black, with broad yellow
belts ; legs dark fuscous, internally paler, the femora fringed with yellow hairs,
the coxae with red hairs.
Expanse of wings : 65 mm.
1 S from Santo Domingo, Carabaya, S.B. Peru, 6.5(iO ft., January 1902, dry
season (Ockenden).
A remarkably coloured insect.
On ]). 487 of Nor. Zool. xi. I described Perixera iinpudens from Gardner
Island. The insect came from Gardener Island, Galapagos, and therefore should
have been put among the American species.
( -3
AN ACCOUNT OP THE REPTILES AND BATRACHIANS
COLLECTED BY MR. P. W. RIGGENBACH IN THE
ATLAS OP MOROCCO.
BY G. A. BOULENGER, F.R.S.
(Plates I. II.)
TAKING stock of onr knowledge of the Reptiles ami Batracliians of Morocco in
1890,* I deplored the almost complete absence of data concerning their distribu-
tion on the Atlas. This desideratum has now fortunately been filled to some extent
b}' the energetic collector to whom we are already indebted for important additions
to onr knowledge of the fresh-water Fisli-fauna of Morocco, described in this
Journal by Dr. Giinther.f
As may be seen from the following list, Mr. Riggenbach's collection does not
contain types of any new species, but it is interesting for the rediscovery of the
little-known Ophisaurus koellikeri, and as extending our knowledge of the variations
of the two common lizards, Lacerta ocellata and L. mnralis.
Mr. Riggenbacii's collection was made at three different localities : —
Imintanout, foot of Atlas, May 1904.
Dellaiu Dirnchan, May 1904.
Tamaruth Valley, High Atlas, 0(.)00-700(i feet, June 1904.
REPTILES.
1. Agama bibronii A. Dum.
Several specimens, Dellain Diruchan and Tamaruth Valley.
The prasanal pores of the males may form two series. A large female has the
ventral scales faintly keeled and four tranverse series of large brick-red spots on
the back.
2. Ophisaurus koellikeri Gthr. (PI. I. fig. 1).
Three specimens from the Tamaruth Valley.
Teeth in the jaws obtusely conical ; minute teeth on the palate, forming one
series on the palatine bone and two on the pterygoid. Dorsal scales in 10 longi-
tndiual and 98 to 112 transverse series. The smallest specimen is unspotted, but
bears three dark longitudinal bands, whilst the two others have, in addition to
these, more or less regular transverse series of black and pale blue spots.
The largest specimen measures 200 mm. from snout to vent; head, 27 mm.;
rndimentary hind limb, 4 mm. The tail, wlien intact, measures two-thirds of the
total lengtli.
Tliis species was only known from the type specimen described by Giinther from
a specimen believed to have been received from Mogador, and from two specimens
from Casablanca, the types of Boettger's Pseudopus apiis, forma ornata.
3. Trogonophis wiegmanni Kaup.
Tamaruth Valley.
* Jrans. Zool. Sue. vii. ji. 05. f l\'or, Zooh viii. p. 3C7, and ix. p. UG.
( 74 )
4. Lacerta ocellata Pand. (I'l. 1. fi-. •^, and I'l. 11. li-. l).
Nine specimens from Imintanont, and one from the Tamaruth Valley.
From Morocco, this species has only been reported from the nei^hlionrliood of
Tangier, and the specimens were referred by me to a distinct form named var.
tanffitiina, distingnished from the Algerian-Tunisian L. jmter by a combination of
characters : smaller occipital, smaller or more nnmerons dorsal grannies, fewer rows
of ventral plate.«, and more numerous femoral pores. The /.. jintcr itself conld
only be distingnished from tlie typical European /,. oi'dUitu by a combination
of characters, every one of which, taken singly, proved to be inconstant. The
specimens collected by Mr. Riggenbach in the Morocco Atlas appear to me to
dispose entirely of jirevions attempts at defining geographical races in this species.
As will be seen by the following tabulation of characters, the specimens agree with
the typical form and L. pater in the number of granules across the middle of the
body, and witli the lizard described as var. faniiifdim in the number {<\ or S) of longi-
tudinal rows of ventral plates, and in the number (10 to 22) of femoral pores.* In
some specimens the dorsal grannies are very distinctly keeled, in others they are
perfectly smooth ; and whilst in one specimen the occipital shield is not broader
than the interparietal, in five out often it is actually broader than the frontal.
Ill the following tabulation of characters of the ten specimens in Mr. Higgen-
bach's collection, column 1 gives the number of dorsal scales across the middle
of the body, 2 the number of longitudinal rows of ventral plates, 3 the number of
transverse rows of ventral plates, 4 the number of gnlar scales on the median line
between the chin-shields and tlie collar-plates, 5 the number of femoral jiores (right
and left), 0 the greatest width (in millimetres) of the frontal shield, 7 the greatest
width of the inter])arietal shield, and S the greatest width of the occipital shield.
The coloration varies much. The young are marked with white, black-edged
ocelli, which persist more or less in females and half-grown males, whilst they nearly
entirely disappear on the body of adult males, which are uniformly speckled and
vermiculatcd with black. One of the female sjjccimens, figured on PI. II., is
* 1 Imvo px.imined a fjrc.at number of .'^pet-iniens from Algeria aiifl Tunisiji, including thuso descrilH'd
by I.atas(e as Ij.jmli-r, and tiiid the femoral pores to vary between 12 and 1(1 ; whilst T tind 17 to 21 in
the 12 .ipccimens from Tangier and Tlenisen (I'rov. Oran), which are referred to my vnr. tainiitiinn.
Werner. Vcrh. Zonl. hot. (iiv. Wini, 1894, p. SI. found l-i to 17 pores in IS speiiniens from Algeria
(Lambesa, Pliilippeville, Tiatna, Honay According to ¥. Doumergue {Essal xiir la Fiiiinc hrrpetiilngique do
VOranie, 1901, p. 121), the number of femoral pores would not be a safe character for defining races of
this species, as he finds tliem to vary, in indi\iduals fr<.)m the province of Oran, between i;* and 20 ; U
to K, is the number ascertained by me in the European specimens.
( 7o )
remarkable for the intcrrnption of the black network on fho iniil<llo lino of the
back, tlins proflncing the effect of a light vertebral stripe.
■'i. Lacerta muralis Lanr. (Vi. 11. fig. 2).
Numerous speciraeus from the Tamarnth Vallej'.
This species, so far as Morocco is concerned, was onlj' known from Tangier,
whence nnmerous specimens of a very small-scaled form (with 61 to 73 keeled
granules across the middle of the body) were sent to me by M. H. Vancher.* The
specimens from the Atlas of Morocco belong to a somewhat different form, agreeing
with the Algerian specimens t in the smooth or faintly keeled scales, 53 to 0.5 in
number across the middle of the body, and the more numerous femoral pores (17 to
21 on each side instead of 13 to 19). The colour is grey or yellowish-green, with
two more or less distinct whitish streaks on each side, the upper extending to the
supraciliary edge, .the lower passing through the eye, separated by a dark-brown
band or by crowded black spots ; the space between the upper light streaks is at least
as great on the body as on tlie nape ; as in the Tangier form, the dark dorsal spots, if
present, are never confluent into a vertebral stripe, as is so frequently the case in the
typical form of the wall-lizard in Central Europe ; the black ventral spots, if present,
are small and restricted to the sides. Four is the normal number of upper labial
shields in advance of the subocular ; out of 47 specimens, 5 anterior upper labials
occur, on one side only, in 3, whilst the number is reduced to 3 on one side in one
specimen ; the so-called masseteric disk is usually present and often large, but it is
totally absent in one specimen:^ ; the edge of the collar shows no trace of denticula-
tion, forming a perfectly even border ; 23 to 30 scales and granules along the middle
line, between the symphysis of the chin-shields and the median collar-plate ;
23 to 28 lamellar scales under the fourth toe. The caudal scales are rather strongly
keeled ; there are 26 to 39 in the fourth or fifth whorl behind the granules of the
anal region. In about half of the specimeus the series of granules between the
supraocular and the supraciliaries may be described as complete, entirely separating
the second (first large) supraocular from the supraciliaries. In 9 specimens the
parietal does not touch the upper postocular. §
I append particulars of 20 specimens from the Tamarnth Valley, and of the
6 specimeus from Tlemsen collected by Dr. .T. Anderson. 1, number of scales
across the middle of the body (ventrals not included) ; 2, transverse series of scales
• Cf. Trans. Znd. Sm: xiii. 1891, p. 125.
f In his excellent account of the Keptiles collected by himself in Algeria, the late Dr. J. Andei-sou
says {P. Z. ,S'., 1892, p. 13) th.at the specimens from Tlemsen, rrov. Oian, agree very closely with the
specimens from Tangier described by me, differing however in the femoral pores varying from 17 to 21. T
find the scales larger and smooth or very indistinctly keeled, and append particulars of these specimens
for comparison with those from Morocco. Tiiese Tlemsen specimens represent th? •' vari^t6 verte" of
Doumergue (ry^. cH. p. 124).
X It is much smaller or altogether absent in most of the Algerhan specimens (Tlemsen, Sersoii, D.aya.
Setif, Aumale) examined by me.
§ I'rof. L. V. Mehcly, Ann. Mint. Hung. ii. 1904, p. 3(17, attaches far too great a value to this character
for the distinction of the European species of Lacerta. He claims to have examined many hundreds of
specimens of L. mnralis and L. vivipara without having ever come across a single one in which tlie
postocular does not touch the p.irietal. I myself have seen over fifty specimens of L. mnralis, from
France, Spain, Portugal, and Italy, which offer exceptions to the rule, and Mt so happens that tlie day
the I'r. if essor's important paper reached me, I also received three L. rivijiara from the C'arpatliians of
Jloldavia, one of them sliowing the same exception, wliicli I find likewise in a tew examples from Sweden,
Belgium, Black Forest, and Carniola.
( 70 )
corresponding to one ventral plate ; 3, lon]2^tiulinal Vows of ventral |i!;iti'
nniulier nf])latos in eollav; 5, number of femoral jiores (rigjit anil left).
4,
TAMAUUTH VALLKV.
TLEMSEN.
Tamarnth Yallev.
C'. Psammodromus algirus Ij.
Measurements of the largest specimens from the Tamarutli Valley, in
millimetres : —
T. Acanthodactylus vulgaris P. & B.
Tamarnth Valley.
The two specimens collected by Mr. Biggenbadi h.nve smooth or f;iiiitly kecletl
scales, and the snbocnlar does not border the month.
( 77)
8. Eumeces algeriensis Peters.
Dellaiti Dirucliau.
9. Chalcides ocellatus Forsk.
Tamarnth V'alley.
The single specimen belongs to the form named iiolijlepis, Blgr., auJ has 34
scales round the middle of the bod)'.
Tamai'uth Valley.
Tamarnth Vallev.
10. Chalcides mionecton Boettg.
11. Chamaeleon vulgaris Daud.
VI. Tropidonotus viperinus Latr.
Tamarnth Valley.
Sc. 21 ; V. lo'J ; C. 67.
13. Macroprotodon cucuUatus Geoffr.
Tamarnth Valley.
Two specimens : —
cJ. Sc. 23 ; V. 166 ; 0. 44. Upper surface of head and nape entirely black, the
black extending as a complete collar across the throat ; belly and lower surface of
tail with black spots.
?. Sc. 23 ; V. 181 ; C. 44. Head with dark browu markings, those ou the nape
not extending across the throat; belly with black dots ; a black median streak along
the lower surface of the tail.
14. Psammophis schokari Forsk.
Tamarnth Valley.
?. 8c. IT ; V. 18.) ; (_'. ?. Uniform brown above ; lips and throat with blackish
dots : bellv white, with scattered minute blackish dots.
BATllACHIANS.
1. Rana esculenta L.
Dellaiu Dirnchan.
Three specimens referable to the li. ridibiinda Tall., one without, the two
others with a light vertebral stripe.
1, Length, in millimetres, from snout to vent ; 2, length of tibia ; 3, length of
foot ; 4, length of inner toe ; •"), length of inner metatarsal tubercle.
( :«)
SOME UNDESCRIBED LEPIUOPTEllA.
|By Hon. WALTER KOTHSUHILD, Pu.U.
PAPILIONIDAE.
;1. Papilio philoxenus melanurus Mibsp. uuv.
(?. Agreeing in the shape of the hindwing with the bmad-tciileJ Indian
suinmer-form (if F. pliUoxciuot, namely P. ph. pliiloxeiiiis f. temp, damradd ; the
white jiatch 11' — R- much reduced, and on the upperside shaded over with bhick
scales like the half-moon li^ — R^ ; red spots R' — M- small, spots R' — M' being
farther away from margin than in f. temp, dasarada ; tail without a trace of a red
spot above and below.
Uah. Mt. Wuchi, and AVuteryaug, Hainan, May luoa \ 'i i S .
NYMPHALIDAE.
2. Charaxes uaudina.
(J. Cliai-(i.res nandina Rothschild & Jord., Nov. Zool. viii. p. 403. u. 7. t. 9. f. •> (1001) (Kikuyu
Escarpment).'
We described this insect from two i S collected on the Kikuyu Escarpment
by the late W. Doherty. Among the Lepidoptera collected by his assistants shortly
before his death, and sent later on to Tring, there were two more S S. Some time
ago we received a small collection of Lepidoptera from Nairobe, below the Kikuyu
Escarpment, through the kind intermediary of Dr. E. A. Heath, containing a fine S
and a ? of nandina. This ? is very close to that of C/iara.ves xiphares from the
Cape Colony, rendering it probable that nandina and xiphares are geographical
forms of the same species. So far no representative has been foimd in the inter-
vening countries. There are eight white postdiscal dots on the u]iperside of the
forewing, the sixth standing well separated from the white discal jjatch M' — M- ;
the white spots outside the ape.x of the cell are smaller than in xiphares, the buff
area of the hindwing is posteriorly reduced, being separated from the abdominal
fold by a broad black interspace. The area is, whitish behind, and externally
broadly shaded over with black between R- and M-. There are three small buff
discal dots C — R- outside the median urea. The underside is more olivaceous tlian
in xiphares ; the row of white postdiscal spots is more strongly angulate before R-
the discal band of the hindwing is more white, and is broader in front of R-', while
the discal luuules are less heavy.
3. Charaxes hansali baringana snbsp. uov.
6. Wings, upperside, basal areas deeper olive; discal band much narrower,
the postdiscal spots situated in costal area conse(]uently farther away from the
upper sjjots of the band than in h. hansali.
( '9 )
Oil the tuulerside the olive bars on the forewiug broader than in Abyssinian
specimens, esjiecially those situated at the proximal side of the white band ; the
olive submargiual area of the hiudwiug; more extended, and therefore the tawny
spots smaller, being reduced to acute triangles which stand separate from one
another.
Ilalj. Lake Baringo (F. K. Uoberls) ; 1 cf, in bad condition.
This insect is a very interesting lind, kinviU being hitherto known only from
Abyssinia and Northern Somalilaud.
SPHINGIDAE.
4. Macroglossum micacea albibase spec, no v.
c??. Body and forewing deeper olivaceous black on upperside than in
m. micacea ; abdomen without side-patches ; base of seventh abdominal tergite much
more extended white, tips of lateral tufts of abdomen white as in m. micacea ; sternite
7, or nlso 6, with more white scaling.
Hiudwiug, aboce, without trace of the yellowish buff patch and streak situated
in III. mirdcca between cell and abdominal margin. On underside the base aud the
abdominal area are white, the latter being less extended than in m. micacea, with
just a trace of buff colour distally.
llab. Bougainville I., Solomon Is., April aud May 190-t (A. S. Meek).
A series.
ARCTIIDAE.
5. Clerckia miles cybdela subsp. uov.
(?. Band of forewing, above and below, as wide as iu m.iles miles ; band of
hiudwing usually reduced to a uarrow costal streak, very seldom extended across
the wing to (SM') as iu miles miles, with intergradatious.
? . Like miles miles, but black distal border of hiudwiug rather narrower ; iu
one specimen, however, the orange baud of the liindwiug much reduced iu width.
Ilab. Bougainville L, Solomon Is., April and May 1904 (A. S. Meek).
A long series. This insect connects miles isahella with miles miles.
0. Caprimima caei'ulescens bougaiuvillei subsp. uov.
(? ? . Yellow band of forewing rather broader than the metallic basal area, not
narrowed costad or very little, its outer edge straight or feebly incurved in the cell ;
black distal border as broad at apex as in caer. caendescens ; yellow area of
hiudwiug triangular, at least half as wide again as black basi-abdominal border.
Forecoxa of 6 purple, as in cacr. caendescens, first foretarsal segment with a
few white scales near apex.
llalj. Bougainville I., Solomon Is., Aiuil and May 1UU4 (A. S. Meek).
A series.
The insects described iu JSuc. Zool. as C. caendescens Isabella (I'.'Ul) aud
C. caendescens mononis (l'JU4) are most probably forms of a species distinct from
caendescens.
( 80 )
ON THE BIRDS OE THE AZOEES.
r>v ERNST HARTEKT, Ph.D., and W. K. OGILVIE-GRANT.
(Plate III.)
ri^HIS is believed to be a complete list of all birds hitherto known to orciir
J- in the Azores either regularly or as oucasional visitors. Tlie aeconut of the
expedition, field notes, and notes on nests and eggs, as well as the list of the
birds in the Ponta Delgada Museum, are written by Mr. Ogilvie-Grant.
For the identification of the specimens in the Ponta Delgada Musenm
Mr. Ogilvie-Grant is alone responsible, except in cases where a specimen
has been presented by that museum to the British Museum. In these cases
Dr. Hartert has also seen these specimens and has identified them, and in no
case was there any difference of opinion. The nomenclature of the species and
the lists of specimens collected, descriptions of new forms and systematic dis-
cussions are by Dr. Hartert. To make it quite obvious who wrote each part of the
article, everything written by Mr. Ogilvie-Grant is enclosed in square brackets.
The ornis of the Azores is poor in species and entirely palaearctic
We must accept as certain the occurrence of about 12^) species, while three
or four others, mentioned by former writers, must be considered as more or less
doubtful (see under Nos. 2.3, 44, 00, 60, 8.3, 94j. Of these, 20 or 27 breed regularly,
and apparently have not been introduced by man. Some forms are perfectly the
same as those found in Europe generally, as for example Srolopax rust/cola,
Eritkacui rubecula, Sijhia atricapilla. Others are very slightly differentiated
from their European representatives, — as for example, Columba palumhus azorica,
Sturnus culyaris granti, Regidus rcgidtis azoricus, Turdus merula azorensis.
One, the grey Bullfinch, is remarkably distinct, and mostly considered as a
good species. A few only are the same as, or closely allied to, the Madeiran
and Canarian forms : Serinus tscrinus canaria, Fringilla coelebs mordetti, Butco
bntco insularum, Motacilla boanda schmitzi ; but none of the more remarkable
species peculiar to the Madeiran and Canarian groups inhabit the Azores. The
list of occasional visitors is large, and specially rich in American species, but
many European birds touch these islands on their migrations to or from Africa,
when deviating westwards from their route.
The literature dealing with the birds of the Azores is not large. The
following articles are all we are aware of :
Pncherau : " Observations sur deux especes de Passereaux originaires des
Azores." In Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1859. pp. 409-14.
BEorelet : Notice sxr rilistoi/c Xatarelle des Azores. Paris, 1800.
lOiiuuieration of thirty species.
Sronet : Klanents de la Faune Agorce/ute. Paris, 1801.
This generally very useful book contains a list of forty-six species, but at
least one or two are erroneously identified — for example, the Wood-pigeon is
called Columba trocaz!
( 81 )
Socage; " Oniithologia dos Ai.-ores." In ./. Sri. Math., P/n/s. <■ Sat. Lishoa,
i. pp. si)_02 (1868).
Godman: Natural Hiatory of the Azores. London, isTo.
Fifty-three species of birds are euumerated in this excellent little memoir.
Simroth : " Zur Kenntniss der Azorenfauna." In ArcluL- fur Natiirgi-schichte
1888. i. pp. 179—234.
Ninety-two species of birds enumerated. There are, unfortunately, a few
striking errors in this list — as, for exam2)Ie, with regard to the Woodpeckers,
whicli were procured in Portugal and thus labelled in the Ponta Delgada
Museum.
The situation of the Azores can be seen in every atlas. A useful little map
is to be found in Mr. Godman's book, and large maps of most of the islands are
given in Barroi's " Kecherches sur la Faune des eaux donees des Ai;ores," in
Mem. Soc. Scie/we.s de Lille, cimju. serie, fasc. vi. 1890. An interesting, though
not zoological, work is Hartung's Die Azoren, in ihrer iiasseren Er.^cheiiii<iiy
unci nach ihrer geognostischen Natur gesckildert.
(Collections of insects from various Atlantic islands made by Mr. Hartnng
are in the Kunigsberg Museum ; but, as far as I am aware, they have never
been studied.)
[ACCOUNT OF THE EXPEDITION TO THE AZORES.
As the Ornithology of the Azores had not been investigated since the days when
Mr. F. D. Godman examined pa,rt of the group in 1865, it seemed possible that
something of interest might still remain to be discovered, which would justify
another visit to the islands.
Mr. Walter Rothschild having generously offered to defray all expenses, the
Trustees of the British Museum granted me three months' special leave of absence,
on the understanding that half the collections made should be the property of
the Natural History Museum.
Leaving England on Saturday, February 14th, by the s.s. Briton of the
Union Castle Line, we landed the following Wednesday at Madeira. There we
awaited the arrival of the Portuguese mail-boat, which calls at Funchal on the
■.'3rd of each month en route for the Azores. I was accompanied by my brother-
in-law, Mr. G. A. St. Quiutin, an enthusiastic naturalist, and by Mr. L. ('. Harwood,
who was engaged to join the expedition as taxidermist. To my regret, urgent
business compelled Mr. St. Quintin to return to England at the end of the first
month, and I was thus deprived of his valuable assistance. It was our intention
to visit, if possible, all nine islands of the Azores, and, as the time at our disposal
was limited, only a certain number of days could be devoted to each. I had
therefore before leaving England drawn up a plan of campaign, which, thanks
to the kindly assistance of the Portuguese authorities at the Azores, was carried
out almost exactly as it had been originally arranged. Our baggage, consisting
of forty-two i)ieces, was traushi])ped exactly twenty-four times before it was again
landed in England ; and though we encountered some rough weather, and had
some difficult landings, the natives managed their boats with such skill that we
lost nothing and sustained little or no damage from sea-water.
The weather at Madeira was so wet and rough that it was found imjiossible
to land at Calheta and visit the high ground at the west end of the island,
6
where we had hoped to procnru examples of the Long-toed Pigeon {Cohimlja
trocaz), and only a small collection of some of the more interesting local birds
was made. Dnring the da_vs spent at Fnnchal we made oar final arrangements,
and engaged the services of one Jose Andrade as co(dc and interpreter.
On Febrnary 24th the s.s. Fnnchal, a Snnderland-built boat of Ilod tons,
left Madeira, and, after two somewhat unpleasant days across a heavy sea,
reached Santa JIaria, the most sontherly island of the gronp. The strong south-
west wind which had accomjianied ns had blown up a heavy swell, and an ugly
surf was breaking on the rocks ; bnt, thanks to the able way in which the boats
were handled, we managed to land all onr baggage without damage or loss.
Suitable camping-ground was very difficult to find, all tlie country being very
wet, and we finally pitched onr tents close to the small village of Almagreira,
near the middle of the island. After two days of heavy rain, accompanied by
a strong south-west wind, the ground became so saturated that we were obliged
to give np the idea of living in tents, and gladly accepted the loan of an empty
country house at San Pedro, in an excellent central position. For this act of
courtesy and kindness we were indelited to Senhor Albino Augusto Pereira, the
Administrator of the island. The advantage of having a good roof over one's
head in such a climate was at once apparent, and under these improved circum-
stances twice as much work was daily got through as had at first been
accomj)lishcd.
We remained at Santa Maria for a week, and dnring that time traversed the
greater part of the island, and worked some really good-looking ground. Tlie
lower parts of the island are mostly cultivated, the fields being surrounded by
the usual walls of loose volcanic stones and lava, characteristic of all the islands,
which make a cross-country journey over the low ground a slow and tedious
process. The high gronnd, rising to an altitude of nearly 2000 feet, is steep,
in many places very picturesque, and for the most part thickly clad with heath
bushes, juniper, faya and other evergreen shrubs, intermingled on the lower
slopes with small woods and clumps of pine, and here and there a few gum-
trees.
The undergrowth consists chiefly of bracken, bilberry, and bramble, the last-
named often attaining a great size, and, when not quite impenetrable, presenting
a formidable barrier to one's progress. Birds were numerous, but the si)ecies
represented were disajipointingly few ; with land-shells we were more successful ;
and a fair collection of moths, chiefly Gcometridue, was got together. The only
butterflies seen were faded and worn examjiles of the Painted Lady i^Pyrameis
cardui) and the Red Admiral {Vanessa atalanfn).
There are some curious fossil-beds found in different parts of the island,
some miles inland, and from these we brought home various examples of the
Mollusca and Echinoderma, which are said to belong to the Miocene period, and
appear to be of considerable geological interest. It is noteworthy that the same
species occur in the beds on the Lime Island of the Portd Santo group, to the
north of Madeira.
On March 4th wo left Santa Maria on a small tug specially chartered fo
take ns to San Miguel, fift)'-three miles distant, and landed at Ponta Delgada at
seven o'clock the same evening.
Thanks to the letter of recomniendafidn sent by the Foreign Office to the
authorities at Lisbon, the King of Portugal had personally interested himself
( 83 )
in our expedition, and commanded the civil governors of the islands and those
in authority to afford us every facility in carrying out our work, and we were
consequently treated with the greatest consideration and courtesy by all with
whom we came in contact. I may here add that the whole of our baggage and
stores were passed through the Customs free of cost.
We were obliged to remain at Ponta Delgada until the 7th, as Major F. A.
Chaves, the head of the Meteorological Service, to whom we had been specially
recommended, was absent for a few days at Fayal, and it was all-important that
before starting we should discuss our future plans with him. On his return he
received us in the kindest manner, and gave us a large amount of practical help
and valuable information respecting the various islands, for which we were most
grateful. In the course of his work he has visited all the islands of the Azores
many times, and travelled over the more remote and unfrecpieuted parts ; con-
sequently his topographical knowledge of the group is unrivalled, and he was able
Toiila Uulgaila, Wan iligUL-l, ou a stonily cvcuiug.
to point out to us the localities on each island which he considered would yield
the best results. At Ponta Delgada we found a very good local museum, containing
a fairly complete collection of zoological specimens, which has been entirely got
together by the energy of Major Chaves, who is dee])ly interested in all branches
of science and jiroficient in many. I went carefully through all the birds in
the Ponta Delgada Museum, and named those which in some few cases had been
incorrectly identified. The total number of Azorean birds amounts to about 120
species, of which 20 or 27 may be regarded as residents, while a few are doulitfnl,
and the remainder are occasional or accidental visitors.
I decided to make three camps on St. Michael's, and moved first to Lameiro,
a country house near Ribeira Grande, on the north coast. This house, the property
of Manpiis Jacome de Correia, was kindly placed at our disposal, and there we
remained for si.\ days, working the woods and higher grounds towards Lake
Fogo. On March 13th we moved by the north road to Mr. George Hayes'
house above Furnas Lake, and worked all the surrounding country within reach,
especially the range to the north-east of Furnas, wiience wc obtained twelve
examples of the extremely local and almost extinct Bullfinch {Fyn-lada marina,
( 84 )
(lodman). AVe did uot come across the Lesser Spotted Woodpecker {^Dcndiocopm
7niiior), which is reported to have occurred at oue time in this district. The
only example of this species in the Ponta Delgada Jliisenm is a bird from
Portugal ; and though Major Chaves, who takes a keen interest in the matter,
has offered rewards and himself been on the look-out for this species for years,
no example has ever been forthcoming. I may add that Major ("haves regards
the story of its occurrence as a myth ; but Seuhor Jeronymo, the hotel-keeper at
Furnas, assured me that, as a boy, he had more than once seen the bird, and
remembered it well.
The remarkable boiling springs at Furnas have often been described, and
are too well known to require any remark. Our work was much interfered with
by the heavy rain, which was of almost daily occurrence, and made the densely
wooded ridges very nnpleasant walking. The ground above Furnas Lake yielded
a fair number of Geometers, which were mostly taken at night with a lantern.
On the 10th, in pouring rain, we got all onr baggage carried down to the edge
of the lake and taken across in a boat, the road at this season being partly under
water. Mule-carts had been engaged to meet us on the other side, but the
owners being very unwilling to move in the heavy rain, they did not turn up, and
we had some difficulty in arranging transport to Ponta Delgada. We returned
by the south road and, passing through Villa Franca, arrived at Ponta Delgada
late the same evening. On the 21st we moved to the Sete Cidades, the magnifi-
cent crater at the west end of San Miguel. Our ascent to the lip of the t'aldeira
was unfortunately made in dense mist, so dense that we could see nothing till
we descended to the small inn within the crater, which had been hired for us.
During the five days spent in these splendid surroundings we encountered some
very heavy rain-storms, and only one day was perfectly fine and clear.
Here, for the first time, we found under stones a few examples of the
remarkable Shell-Sing (Ph/foii/a atlantica) jiecnliar to the Azores and not repre-
sented in the British Museum collection. Its only living ally is a species found in
the Siwalik Hills of Northern Lidia, bnt it has various fossil representatives. The
only new bird added to the collection was the Snow-Bunting, which, according to
local report, breeds on the high ground ; bnt Major Chaves thinks this statement
more than doubtful, as he has never been able to verify if, and in all our
wanderings among the tops of the various islands we never came across this
bird again. The 25th (if March found ns once more at Ponta Delgada, waiting
for the steamer Funchal to take us to Terceira. We filled up the time by getting
a nice series of the small Greenfinch and the Goldfinch, both of which frequent
the gardens in the neighbourhood of the town. Besides naming the birds in
the Ponta Delgada Museum, 1 made a list with notes of all the specimens
from the islands, and, with Major Chaves' help, selected a set of duplicate
Azorean birds, which were ]irescnted to the British Museum. He wrote
many letters on our behalf to his friends on the different islands, requesting
them to secure suitable houses for us in the localities to be visited. In this
way everything was arranged in advance, and much valuable time saved. The
Portuguese people on the Azores are most hospitable, and in only one or two
instances were we allowed to pay reut for the houses we occujiied.
One of the ditliculties in onr future movements was the (jnestion how we
were to return from Corvo and Flores, which are the most westerly islands of
the group, and situated 150 miles west of Fayal. The Portuguese mail-boat
( 85 )
Aoor touches at Flores eveiy month, and at Corvo every third month ; bnt
as we could not possibly devote a mouth to these islands, and wished to limit
our visit to eight days, it seemed probable that we should have to hire a tug —
a very serious consideration.
In this dilemma Major Chaves once more came to our assistance, and
suggested that, as the King had issueil commands that we were to be helped
in every way, he should telegraph to the Civil Governor at Horta and ask for
the loan of the gunboat At'or. To our great satisfaction a telegram informed us
that the boat had been placed at our disposal, and that it was only necessary to
state on what day she was rei[nired to be at Flores. Early on March "JSth we
anchored off Angra, the capital of Terceira, and after breakfast got our baggage
on shore and called on Senhor Jos6 de Sequeira, to whom we had letters of intro-
duction from Major Chaves and from Bensaude & Co. He proved most kind and
businesslike, for he had not only secured for us the loan of the Quinta de Nasce
Agua, with its capital house on the best part of the island, but had made all
arrangements for transport, so that we were able to settle down in our new
quarters and get to work without delay. During fourteen days spent on Terceira,
we traversed the greater part of the island and collected on very varied
ground, paying special attention to the jnne woods in the hope of coming across
the Little Woodpecker, said to have occurred there also. We, however, fonnd no
trace of it. Up till now we had not been able to secure a single Buzzard, for
though we had seen plenty, they were so wild and wary that no chance of shooting
one had occurred. Unfortunately I was without my small-bore ('-J-oO) rifle, which
would liave greatly simplified matters. At Terceira, however, we were able to
alter this state of affairs, and in ten days secured seven very fine birds, and
before the end of the trip increased the number to twenty-three. The Wood-
Pigeon, another desideratum, occurred in scattered pairs, and we managed to
secure eight, apparently the only ones in our neighbourhood. The bird a])pears
to be smaller and darker than the Common Wood-Pigeon, and the flesh has a
delicious flavour, probably due to the oxalis bulbs, on which it chiefly feeds.
AVhile here we were fortunate enongji to trap a large Weasel, which appears to
be of special interest, and most nearly allied to the species fonnd on the island
of San Thom^. According to the natives it is a rare animal, and substantial
rewards subsequently offered failed to produce further examples. (Two more
examples have since been forwarded from Terceira by Mr. Chassereau.) Insects
were becoming more plentiful, and the flowers of the faya-trees, then in full bloom,
yielded a number of Noctnae, etc. ; but sugar proved a complete failure, though
we persevered night after night. Shells were numerous and varied, and in this
branch our collection was rapidly augmented. It was with great regret that we
left our charming house at Ueguinho on the evening of April loth and went on
board the mail-boat Acor, r// route for Corvo and Flores, for though the weather
had often been wet and misty, we had altogether spent a very enjoyable and
profitable time. Food was cheaper at Terceira than it had been at San Miguel,
and local gunners were always glad to supply quails at 2/1. each, woodcock at
4ir/., and rabbits at Ge/.
The Ai;or first visited Graciosa, where we landed for a couple of hours and
made arrangements with Mr. Filij)pe Andrade for our subsequent visit to that
island. We then proceeded to call at (Jnlheta, San Jorge, bnt after remaining
there for some hunrs, during wliic^h it was only possible to land the niiiils, it came
( 8fi )
ou to blow so liJird tliiit wo were glad to weigh anchor and take shelter under Pico,
where we reniaiiicd till morning.
A few hours later we steamed into the harlioiir at llorta, the capital of
Fa3al. There we called on the Civil Governor, and on Captain Lima, of the
gunboat Aeor, as well as on others to whom we had brought letters of intro-
duction, and in every instance met with great kindness and offers of assistance;
Mr. Jlillier-'Wood, the head of the English telegrajih station, was specially kind
and heliiful. We arranged that the gunboat should, weather permitting, call for
us at Flores on April 20th and convey us to Graciosa.
In dull, misty weather, but fortunately comparatively calm, we arrived off
Corvo at 0 a.m. on April 14th. Tlie landing-place is so beset with dangerous
rocks sticking up in every direction that, in anything like rough weather, lauding
is quite imi)racticable. The captain having kindly promised to wait for us till
11 o'clock, we were soon on shore, and, working our way up the island, made for
the Caldeira. The weather was so thick and our time so limited that we only
succeeded in climbing about half way up to the summit. Apart from the
cultivated tields and a few stunted fig-trees and reeds, there was no vegetation
except grass, but the crater and the lake within are said to be very line, and we
would gladly have spent a couple of days on this interesting volcano, had not the
uncertainty of being able to return to Flores by boat deterred us.
A few hours later we arrived oft" Santa Cruz, Flores ; but owing to the state
of the wind and tide, we were obliged to anchor a mile from the landing-place.
Mr. Mackay, the British Consul, came on board to welcome us, and introduced
us to Mr. Mendouca, to whom we had letters of introduction. We took up our
quarters in a little house in the town, the only one available. It was inconveniently
situated for collecting, as we had to start every morning from sea-level for our
collecting ground, and the nearest trees suitable for sugaring were some distance
off. After two attempts to reach the high ground, which were frustrated by heavy
rain and tliick mist, we were favoured by a tine day, and able to visit the four
Caldeiras and the large marsh in the middle of the island. We found a few Wild
Unck, Snipe, Gulls, and Terns breeding, and saw the usual Passerine birds, such as
Canary, Chaffinch, Blackcap, Blackbird, and Goldcrest, but nothing new or of especial
interest. The Buzzard only occurs as an occasional straggler on Flores and Corvo,
and we met with none. As we were descending across the high open ground a
drenching rainstorm overtook us, and we returned, as usual, wet to the skin. The
rainfall in Flores must be very heavy indeed, and during the remaining days spent
on the island our work was greatly hindered by an almost continuous downpour,
accompanied by a high north-west wind. This blew up a big sea, and the huge
breakers crashing heavily on the rocky coast at Santa Cruz were a truly magnificent
sight.
The island of Flores is very lovely, and with its wild, i)ictnresque coast scenery
and splendid seas, should i)rove a most attractive spot to any artist who paints
such subjects.
On the 2uth, contrary to expectation, the little gunboat turned up at Santa
Cruz. It appeared that she left Fayal in fine weather, but when about half way
to Flores ran into a heavy storm, and only made the harbour after twenty-seven
hours' steaming against wind and sea with an average of barely four knots an hour.
Captain Lima and his oflScers were kindness itself, the former giving up his cabin
to us. As the weather had now moderated, we quickly finished our jjacking, and
( 87 )
got all onr baggage on board without mishap. About 11 o'clock next morning we
anchored off Santa Cruz, Graciosa, the most northerly island of the group, about
1.^0 miles east of Flores. Mr. Filippe Andradc met us at the landing-place, and
conducted us to a little house which he had hired for us on the outskirts of the
town. He had hojjcd to get the loan of the Quinta Boa Vista, in a wooded valley
a))ove Praja, but unfortunately the owner was al)sent, and his consent could not
be obtained in time. The greater part of Graciosa is but poor collecting ground,
being mostly under cultivation, and the only i]art with any extent of wood is the
valley above Praya. Quails and Bnzzards were particularly numerous, and on no
other island did we see so many. Far the most beautiful spot in Graciosa is the
C'aldeira, one of the most perfect in the Azores. To the south of the lake, which
lies within its cup-shaped crater, there is a deep narrow rift through the upper crust,
known as the Furna do Enxnfre (Cave of the Suli)hur), by which one can descend
into the bowels of the earth and explore an extensive underground lake stretching
nearly to the outer wall of the crater. Being anxious to visit this curious spot, we
engaged a stalwart man to meet us with the requisite rope and lower ns into the
abyss. The rocky sides of the chasm are smooth and almost perpendicular, but
the distance to the floor of this arched cave is not very great— probably less than
a hundred feet. Near the edge of the lake there is a boiling spring ; but though
the place is very curious to behold, we found no animal life of special interest,
and apparently the lake does not contain any vertebrate fauna. The only living
animals of this dismal place were Eock-Pigeons ; on the ground we saw several
skeletons of goats and sheep, which must have accidentally fallen in and been killed.
While at Graciosa I had the singular good fortune to kill two rights and lefts
at " Milhafres " (Buzzards) in a couple of minutes. One evening on returning
home I heard that an Owl had been seen the night before in an old disused Quinta
surrounded by large trees. Mr. Andrade's son having procured the key of the
garden, we at once set off, and after a weary tramp of three miles along a lava-
strewn track, arrived at our destination just as it was beginning to grow dusk. We
had scarcely entered the garden when eight buzzards got on the wing, and before
they had time to escape half their number were collected. No doubt our informant
had mistaken a Buzzard for a large Owl. We were, however, well satisfied with
our evening's work, as " Milhafres " were always difficult to shoot, and such a uni(pie
chance was never likely to occur again. The Goldcrest, curiously enough, does not
occur on Graciosa.
On April 28th we made an early start for Praya, where we expected the
Funchal to pick us up about 9 a.m. It had been blowing hard in the night, and
though there was a big sea running, with huge breakei's, we hoped that, witli the
rising tide, it might moderate sufficiently to allow us to ship our baggage. Graciosa
being nearly round in shape and devoid of any good harbours, there is no shelter in
a high sea, and communication is difficult or impossible. The Funchal, after waiting
for two hours and seeing that it was Impeless to land her mails, much less take
up passengers, left for San Jorge. The distance to the latter island is not very great
(about forty miles), but at this season no sailing-boat could be hired, their owners
fearing the risk while the weather remained so unsettled. In this dilemma I
telegraphed to Captain Lima, telling him we were marooned on Graciosa, and asking
if he could come to our assistance, and had the satisfaction of hearing tliat he
would start as soon as the weather moderated. Meanwhile we took up our (juarters
in a draughty old house situated among the vineyards above Praya, and waited.
( ^''S )
For the next two days the weather was awful, blowing and raining incessantly, and
with the exception of a Wood-Pigeon, nothing of note was added to the collection.
At () a.m. on May 1st the gunboat turned nji, punctual almost to a minute, and
an hour later we were ou our way to St. Jorge, arriving at Callieta about noon the
same day. After thanking Captain Lima for his kindness in coming to our rescue,
we landed in the C'nstom house boat whicii had been sent for us.
Senhor Mannel Augnsto da Cunha, the Bensande agent, had gone to Vellas to
meet the Funchal on her return journey, but we were met by his representative and
an interj)reter, Jlr. G. M. Rose. Everything had been arranged for our comfort ;
an excellent little stone house, situated on the best collecting ground, at an elevation
of about 2001) ft., had been secured, and baggage animals were in waiting.
While we were enjoying a sumptuous lunch at his house at Calheta, Senhor da
Tin- collectors' cottage ou the tup u£ .-miu Jorge. Many Wooilcock might be
shot of an evening from the front door.
Cnnha returned from Vellas, and after a hearty welcome, to our great delight handed
ns our missing mail. The island of San Jorge is about 30 miles long, very
narrow, and extremely steep, the sides rising almost jierpendicularly from the sea,
until one reaches an elevation of from 1000 to 2000 ft. The top is grassy and
undulating, covered with clumps and woods of heath-trees and junipers, etc., and
culminating along the backbone in a series of grass-covered craters, the highest of
whicli attains an elevation of about 3500 ft. Numbers of fine cattle and sheep are
raised on these charming upland parks, where the jiasture is excellent and abundant,
and a large amount of cheese is made and exported. No spot we had visited was
so pleasant, aud during the ten days we remained on this island the weather was
almost continuously tine. After the terribly stony countries we had been accustomed
to, the top of San Jorge, with its carpet of springy turf aud moss, and its virgin
woods of grand old heath- and juniper-trees, was a delightful change. We worked
the island to the north coast, and westwards almost as far as Vellas, which is
about eighteen miles from Calheta. Woodcock were very numerous, more so than
( »9 )
on any other island in the Azores, and many males might be seen flighting over
our house every evening, as the nesting-season had commenced. We found a nest
with four eggs, and among those killed for specimens shot a nearly complete albino.
Wood-Pigeons were also fiiirly common in scattered pairs, and witli some trouble
I managed to shoot seven, and secured a nest with two eggs. We trap])ed or shot
several fine Buzzards ; a large male managed to break both tlie thick strings
securing the traps, and went off with one on each foot ; he was, however, unable
to rise, and had only gone a hundred yards or so before we secured him and
recovered our traps, the loss of wliich would have been serious.
For the first time, sugaring for moths proved really successful, and nu some
Pico, from tbe camp at the west end of the island.
evenings as many as forty were taken ; also many Geometridac were captured by
day under stones, or with the aid of ;i lantern at night.
Shells were numerous, and we again came across examples of the remarkable
Shell-Slug {Plutonia atlantica) previonsly mentioned as occurring on San Miguel.
Throughout our stay Senhor da Cnnha treated us with more than ordinary
kindness, and kept the house supplied with beef, chickens, butter, eggs, milk,
bread and vegetables, for which he absolutely refused to accept any payment.
His unbounded hospitality was somewhat embarrassing, as we had no means at
our disposal of making any adequate return.
On May 11th we left 8an Jorge with many regrets, and proceeded on the
s.s. Acor, rill Pico, to Fayal, which was reached at 2 p.m. At Horta we found tlie
large sailing-boat we had ordered waiting in the harbour, and having triuislerrcd
( 90 )
all our baggage on board, sailed for Magdaleua, on the opposite coast of Pico.
The wind was contrary, tbe sea in the channel rongh and choppy, and it
was only after several weary bonrs that we managed to traverse the four
intervening miles and land on Pico at 0.3U p.m. It was then too late to start
for our camp, and we remained in an emi)ty house on the coast for the night.
Early ne.\t morning such things as were required were moved to a large old
Quinta, surrounded by high walls, near the village of Sete Cidades, and about
four miles from the coast. The Quinta contained a small stone hnt in rather
dilapidated condition, but, with the three tents, we soon managed to make a
comfortable c;im]).
AVe had now arrived at what we fondly hoped would prove our best collecting
ground. The volcano of Pico, nearly 8000 ft. high, towered to the east of our
camp, and its thickly wooded lower slopes, clad with dense bush and scattered
clumps of pine, stretched for about six miles above us, and seemed to promise
something new.
The wood, however, ceases at about 2500 ft., and gives place to open grass-
country, with clumps of heath-trees and bilberry. Higher up, at about 4000 ft.,
only grass-slopes are met with : and, above this, desolation and lava, covered
with grey lichen and moss, hold undisputed sway to the top. Major Chaves,
who knows the island well, had warned us to expect nothing ditlerent in the
way of birds, and his prediction proved only too correct. We spent a week of very
arduous work on the west side of the great volcano, and got over most of the
wooded country in the course of our rambles, but the covert was so dense that
small birds were only to be found near the edges of the bugh.
Tlie walking was simply odious; and the ground being everywhere covered with
loose lava, masked with moss and herbage, jdayed havoc with strong shooting-
boots. Finding nothing fresh on this ground, we moved round the base of the
mountain to the southern side, a distance of about seventeen miles, and ascended
by the Kibeira Secca. This ravine proved extraordinarily steep and difficult to
traverse, birds were scarce and wild, and we met with no novelties.
Returning to Sete Cidades, we moved to another camp at San Koque, on
the north side, at a distance of nineteen miles, and worked all the ground up the
northern and eastern base of the cone. Here the country is comparatively free
from lava, and the walking very much better; but though we were indefatigable
in our search, no new, or even different, birds were forthcoming. With shells
and moths, etc., we were more successful. During our stay on Pico, with the
exception of a few miserable days, when we encountered high winds and heavy,
almost incessant rain, the weather was fairly good. The climate is much drier
than on the other islands, and one of the great difficulties in camping is the
lack of water, the su])iily being almost entirely derived from rain-water tanks.
On May 23rd we returned to Magdalena, and crossed by boat to Fayal.
After a quick run of an hour we reached Horta at (> ji.m. in pouring rain, and
remained there for the night. An early start was made for the little house
which Mr. Ferrcira had kindly engaged for us on the western Lomba, a few
miles above the town. The interior of Fayal is lovely, and the ground in many
places looks admirable for collecting ; but the very wet climate and damp
heat are considerable drawbacks, and during the greater part of our stay the
high ground was covered by dense clouds and mist, and it frequently rained
heavily. Two attempts to reach the Caldeira were frustrated owing to heavy
( 91 )
rain, l)iit on tbe third occasion we were more fortnnate, and when the mists
cleared at intervals, obtained wonderfnl views of the crater and the lake within
it. Our time being so limited, we were only able to traverse the best of the
ground, and no different birds were added to the collection. The entire absence of
butterflies, with the exception of a few common species, was ver}' disappointing.
No doubt, had we been able to spend June, July, and part of August in the
Azores, some interesting insects wouhl have been captured, but the season in these
backward islands is at least a month behind that of the south of England. I
showed one or two Portuguese gentlemen how to collect butterflies and moths, and
since my return to England have snpi)lied them with the necessary collecting gear.
A WOOil of I'l'ljlilo
, San Miguel.
In this way it is hoped we may eventually receive valuable species, which we were
unable to obtain.
The 29th of May saw all our collections packed, and after settling u]) our
affairs, and calling on the Civil Governor and other kind friends, we went on
board the Funchal, en route for Madeira.
As the steamer waited at Terceira for a whole day, we hired a boat, and
were rowed out to the Goat Islets, about four miles from Angra. It had
been too rough during our previous visit to land there, but the sea was uow
fairly calm, and we scrambled ashore without much difficulty. Several of the
Mediterranean Shearwaters were already nesting, and we secured eggs; but the
only other sea-birds breeding were the Lesser Black-backed Gull and the Common
Tern. At Santa Maria we paid a. similar flying visit to the little island of Villa,
( 92 )
and found immliers of Shearwiiters sitting in holes in the rocks, each on its
single egg. Stiirlings and Canaries wore nesting on the groniul, the former nnder
loose stones, beneatli which we also fonnd several interesting land-shells, dift'erent
from those found on the mainland of Santa Maria.
Madeira was reached on Jnne 4th, and, after a few dajs spent at the
Paba(;al (4ii00 ft.) in hitter cold, dense mist, and pouring rain, we returned to
Funchal, and caught the ('arisbroke Castle, arriving in lidudun on .Tune Kith.]
LIST OF THE BIRDS OF THE AZORES.
1. Caccabis rufus (L.)
Telriio rnfiiis Linnaeus, %s/. Xnt. Ed. x. p. 160 (1758— ex Gesner, Aldrov., .Johnston, Will, Raj.,
Albin. "Habitat in Europa australiori. " Linnaeus must have made a mistake when he
mentioned this bird in his Fauna Snecica, Xo. 171.)
i ad., San Pedro, Sta. Maria, 400 ft., 3. iii. 1903. " Iris and naked skin round
6)6 red, bill red, legs coral-red."
S ? ad., near Magdalena, Pico, 200 ft., 18. v. 1903. " Iris reddish brown."
These three examples are very dark and bright, thus resembling the Spanish,
and especially the Madeiran race, more than the birds from France and Italy.
[Local name : Perdiz.
Specimens in the Ponta Delgada Museum :
(I, h. Ginetes, Western San Miguel.
Tlie Hed-legged Partridge was introduced by the early settlers into some of
the islands of the Azores, and is still found in some numbers on Santa Maria, where
we came across a few pairs on the small bean-fields and rough grass country,
interspersed with broom and dwarf bilberry, near the coast. It still lingers on
San Miguel, but is now very rare ; on Terceira it is coutined to Mount Brazil, close
to the town of Angra, where it is carefuU}' protected. On western Pico it is fairly
numerous about the fields and vineyards near the coast. So far as we could
ascertain it does nut exist i>u any other island of the group. The female of the j]air
killed on Pico on May LSth contained large eggs, and was evidently nesting.
The birds are evidently descended from Iberian ancestors, as may be seen by
the bright colouring of the plumage.]
2. Coturnix coturnix africana Temm, & Schleg.
Colurmx vulgaris africitua Temminck & Schlegel, Fitmni Jajmnira, .ives^ p. 103 (18/iO — South
Africa).
8 (? (J ad., 2 ? ?., Reguinho, Terceira, 12ni) ft., 4, 7. iv. 19n3.
1 ? ad., Paiil, Terceira, 30. iii. 19o3.
7 SS ad., 2 ? ? ad., Sta. Cruz, (iraciosa, 22, 23. iv. 10113.
1 c? ad., above Caes do Pico, 1000 ft. high. May 21st, 1'.MI3.
1 6 ad., above Horto, Fayal, 1000 ft. high, 27. v. 1903.
All these Quails are very richly coloured, and have rufous throats, though
varying very much inter se. They seem to be similar to South African birds (the
typical afiicana), but a comparison of a larger series might possibly enable us
to separate them.
A white varietv, with the dark niarliings of tlie regularlv coloured bird of a
( 93 )
delicate grey, aud a melanistic aberration, both I'rom Sau Miguel, were presented
by the Ponta Delgada Museum.
[Local name : Cordoniz.
Specimens in the Ponta Delgada Museum :
a, b. adult, Ponta Delgada, !Saa Miguel.
c. albino, Furnas ,, „
il. albino, Ribeira (trande ,, „
('. dark variety, Lagoa „ „
The dark varieties are very curious, and have somewhat the appearance aud
colouring of diminutive Red Grouse.
This resident red-throated form of the Quail was met with in varying numbers
on all the eastern and central islands of the group, being particularly plentiful in
Graciosa, where, had we wished to do so, large bags might have been made. On
Flores and Corvo we never came across the bird, though we were informed that it
does occur on the former island. On the wing it is strikingly smaller than the
common Quail, and though the weight of the two birds was never actually comi)ared,
the difference must be considerable. E.\cei)t on San Miguel, and to some extent on
Santa Maria, the close season is not observed, and on the other islands, Terceira
especially, the local gunners shoot Quail at all seasons iu the most open manner
and sell them for 50 reis, or about 2'/. each. The call-note is indistinguishable
from that of the common Quail.]
3. Coturnix coturnix coturnix (L.)
2 c??. San Pedro, Sta. Blaria, 1, 3. iii. 19m3. "Iris hazel, legs yellowish-
white, bill bluish-horn."
[Early in March a few tyi)ical e.xamples of the common migratory Qnail were met
with on Santa Maria on the cultivated fields lying between San Pedro and the sea. On
the wing they were easily distinguished from the resident red-throated form by their
larger size. As we did not meet witli the s]iecies on any of the other islands subse-
quently visited, though we shot numbers of Qnail, it seems probable tluit the birds
we found on Santa Maria were accidental visitors to the group. No doubt from
time to time small lots of the migratory bird visit the Azores on passage, and
remaining on the island, interbreed with the resident form ; for some of the male
sjiecimens we ))rocured on Terceira and (iraciosa appeared to be intermediate in
plumage, having the throat chestnut, largely mixed with whitish feathers, wliile the
breast and upper mantle were paler than in C. afriruna and more like those of
the common Quail.]
4. Columba palumbus azorica subsp. nov.
Tile Ring-Dove of the Azores differs from the typical North European y;rf///w4//.s
in the deeper and more vinous colour of tlie chest and the darker slate-grey rump
and head ; also the longer upper tail-coverts are more brownish, and the under tail-
and wing-coverts are generally a shade darker and duller. While these differences
are very conspicuous in the males, they are less distinct in some of the females.
The wing is on an average i to I cm. sliorter. Type 6 ad. no. 33n, Reguinlio,
Terceira, 1200 ft., 7. iv. 1903.
Mr. Grant sent specimens from San Miguel, Terceira, East Graciosa, San Jorge,
and Pico.
( "4 )
He lias marked the iris <as pale yellowish-grey (straw-yellow, pale straw),
bill yellow at tip, red at base, nostrils mealy, feet coral-pink.
A specimen from lielva, ISan Miguel, received by the British Masenm as a
present from the Ponta Delgada Mnseam, seems not only to belong to typical
palumbus, but has the back exceptionally pale.
[Local name : Pombo troipiaz or Pombo torcan.
The Pouta Delgada STusenm contains :
(I. adult, Furnas, San Miguel.
This Wood-Pigeon is found on the eastern and central groujjs of islands, but
does not occur on Flores and Corvo. Though nowhere really numerous, it is most
common on St. Jorge and Pico, but on Santa Maria, San Miguel, tiraciosa, Terceira,
and Fayal it is only met witli in small numbers, and is generally a difficult bird to
procure. On Terceira we found a ])arty of eight inhabiting the small pine woods
in our neighbourhood, and after some trouble we succeeded in shooting a couple of
specimens. Having mounted one of these as a " decoy," and ])laced it in a con-
spicuous position in one of the fields, we soon collected the remaining birds of the
flock. This is by far the best way of securing Wood-Pigeons as specimens, for when
shot cleanly on the ground they lose very few feathers. We found that the birds
were feeding largely on the bulbous roots of the yellow oxalis, and we considered
their flesh superior to that of any other bird met with in tlie Azores.
The habits of the Azores Wood-Pigeon difier somewhat from those of l'>ritish
birds. One seldom, if ever, sees the former flying high in the air, and when
moving from place to place, or coming in to roost, they fly very low, just over the
tops of the bushes. They are very shy and skulking, and on 8an Jorge and Pico
especially were met with in the small woods and clumps of heath-trees and
juniper, as well as in the dense patches of faya and pine. On Pico we found pairs
in the wooded and bush-clad sides of the dry watercourses up to about 3000 ft.
We found a nest containing two eggs in a dense juniper bush overhanging
a watercourse on the toji of San Jorge. The eggs measure respectively : T" x ri5
and rOT x 1'16 in.] *
Drouet calls this bird ('olitinb(( trocaz, and moreover includes ('. lauricora as
a synonym ! !
o. Columba livia aberr.
The liock-Pigeons from the Azores belong to the dark race also found common
on Madeira. They have the upper surface deep slate-black, more or less sjiotted
with pale grey, the rump white or grey, the abdomen lighter or darker, and vary
very much. It is evident that they are descendants of domestic Pigeons, but it is
not without interest to see that they are generally (like those from Madeira) of
the same style of coloration. In the Onntlioloij. Moiwtssrhr. Deutarli. I7v. z.
Schulzc d. Voyelir. xxii. p. 144, I have shown that the name of the Stock-Dove is
Columba oenas L. 1758, that of the wild Kock-Pigeon C. licia Gm. 1788, and that
the name domestica L. refers solely to the Domestic Pigeons.
Mr. Grant sent examjiles from central (iraciosa, Pico, San Jorge, and
Corvo.
[Local name : Pomba da Kocha.
♦ [Dr. IT. Simrotli— ylrc//./. yating., i. p. I'.IO (188K)— quotes Drouet as his autliority for the occurrence
of Ihe Common Turtle-Dove in the Azores. Major Chaves, liowcvcr, assures us that this is a mistake.
'The tame Dove (Tuiiiir risorinx) is found in a domestic state, and is jirobably the bird alluded to.]
( 95 )
The Ponta Delgada Museum contains :
a. adult, Relva, San Miguel.
The Rock-Dove is found abundantly throughout the gronp, and inhabits the sea
oaves so common along the rugged coasts of these volcanic islands, as well as the
inland caves and rocky clefts in the Caideiras. Among the flocks constantly to
be seen feeding on the cultivated lands, certain individuals may be found which
disjilay considerable variation in colouring, but the great majority are very dark
in i)lnniage, and only occasionally did we come across birds resemljling the typical
('. livia. The rocks near the landing-place on the island of (Virvo are positively
alive with these birds, and they were so tame that we had no difficulty in shooting
some with the small collecting gun as they passed close overhead. At the
Cabras, or Goat Islets, otf tlie south nf Terceira, they were also extraordinarily
numerous, and we shot a number from the boat as we passed the mouths of
the great caves in these cnrious " stacks."]
0. Porzana parva (Scop.).
(It is advisable to accept Vieillot's generic name instead of Leach's. Both
Leach's and Vieillot's books appeared in 1816, but Leach's names are " nomina
nuda," not being diagnosed, and only recognisable on account of the species
mentioned in connection with them, while Vieillot's genera are properly described.
Under Orti/gometra Leach mentions crex and maruetfa — the acceptance of that
name must consetiuently be avoided, if possible.)
[The Ponta Delgada Museum contains :
a. S, Faja de (.'ima, San Miguel.
/;. ?, lleiva, San Miguel.
A female example of the Little Crake killed at Furnas was presented to the
British Museum. According to Major Chaves it must be regarded as a rare visitor.]
T. [Porzana intermedia Henu.
The Ponta Delgada Museum contains :
((. Ponta Delgada, San Miguel.
Baillon's Crake is a rare visitor.]
■^. [Crex crex (L.).
Local name : Codoruizao.
The Ponta Delgada Museum contains :
a, h. Arrifes, near Ponta Delgada, San Miguel.
An adnlt killed at Rosto de Cao was presented to the British Museum. Though
we did not meet with the Corn-Crake, the species is reported as common, and is said
to breed.]
'••. [Fulica atra L.
Local name : Galeiriio.
The Coot is tolerably common in the lake of San Miguel, an<l an adult specimen
killed at Sete C'idades was j)resented to the British Museum.]
( 90 )
H'. [Galliniila chloropus (L.)
Local name : Galeirfio.
The Ponta Uelgada Museum contains :
a, b. Ponta Delgada, San Miguel.
c. Sete Cidades, „ „
The Moorhen is tolerably common on tlu' lakes of iSan Miguel. An adult
killed at Sete Cidades was presented to the British Museum.]
II. [Poi*phyrio alleni Thompson.
Pnrjihijrh: raeshiy, Simroth, Anh.f. Xnliinj., i. p. VJ2 (1888).
The Ponta Delgada Museum contains :
(I. adult, Sete Cidades, San Miguel.
b. immature, Furnas, „ „
An immature specimen of Allen's Gallinnle from Sete Cidades was presented
to the British Museum. The species, according to Major Chaves, is not a very
rare visitor.]
12. Gavia imber Gunn.
{Cohjmlus (jladalis of those authors who do not seriously consider priority of names.)
[The Ponta Delgada Museum contains :
a, h. Ponta Delgada, San Miguel (in winter plumage).
('. Edsto de Cao, „ „ „ „ ,,
An adult in winter plnmage killed at Kosto de Cao was presented to the
British Museum. The species is not very rare in winter.]
Ki. Colymbus nigricoUis (Brelun.)
[The Ponta Delgada Museum contains :
a. Rosto de Cfio, San Miguel (summer plumage).
A moulting specimen of the Black-necked Grebe in nearly full summer plumage
killed at Ponta Delgada was presented to the British Museum. This species is
by no means common.]
14. Colymbus auritus Ij.
[Pudicejis riihrirnllu, Simroth (neo Gmel.) Airh.f. Xnliiii/. i. p. 1% (1888).
The Ponta Delgada Museum contains :
K. Uosto de Cfio, San Miguel.
An Eared (trebe killed at Ponta Delgada in winter was jiresented to the
British Museum. The bird is by no means a common visitor to the group.]
15. Oceanodroma castro (Harcourt).
Tkalansklroma caslro Harcoutt, Sketch nf Mtukira, pp. 123, 166 (1851).
S ad., Praya Island, Graciosa, 25. iv. Htt)3. " Iris dark brown, bill and
legs black."
[The Ponta Delgada Museum contains :
a. Ponta Delgada, San Miguel.
( 97 )
We ])iociired a single siiecimeu of Harcourt's Stormy Petrel taken in a hole
in the rocks on Praya Island on April 25th; on June 1st we picked np a dead
specimen on Villa Islet, Santa Maria, but, at this season, the birds had not
commenced to breed, and all their nesting-Iioles on that breeding-station were
empty. The fishermen knew the bird well, and Senhor Joao S. (i. da Camara
kindly promised to procm'e specimens later on and forward them to England in
spirits. This he did, the birds having been captured in September.]
16. Oceanodroma leucorrhoa (Vieill.).
A specimen from Ponta Delgada, San Miguel, was presented by the Ponta
Delgada Museum.
[There is a specimen of Leach's Petrel killed at Ponta Delgada in the
Museum at Angra, Terceira.J
17. [Oceanites oceanicus (Knhl.).
The only record of the occurrence of Wilson's Petrel in the Azores is that
given by Mr. F. D. Godman, who met with numbers of the species 35 miles
west of Fayal, and procured some specimens, now in the British Museum.]
lb. [Bulweria bulweri (Jard.).
Thdaxsidi-oiiia hiilweri, Simroth, Arch./. Xaliay. i. p. 194 (1888).
Said by Drouet to be an accidental visitor to Plores and Corvo.]
10. Puffinus kuhlii flavirostris (Gould).
Pi-iii-eliurui l.iildii, Boie, /«s, 1835. p. 2iil (Corsica).
ProcelUiria jlai-iroslrix, Gould, Ann. <{■ M'l'j. Nut. Ilisl. xiii. (1844) p. ,^li5 (uear Gape of Good
Hope).
PuffinuH rinenus Simroth (nee Gmel.), Arch.f. Xatunj. i. p. Ii14 (1888).
The form from the Atlantic Ocean ditt'ers from /-•. kiihlii. kuJdii of the
Mediterranean as follows : The bill is larger, generally thicker, higher, and
longer ; but males must be compared with males, females with females. The
crown and sides of the head are generally darker, more slaty, being paler and more
cinereous in F. k. kuhlii. The inner web of the outer primaries is uniform dark,
showing no white whatever beyond the under wing-coverts, while in P. kuhlii
kuhlii a large white mark or some white mottling extends beyond the under
wing-coverts, sometimes to beyond the middle of the feathers. Very rarely this
character is not developed. P. kuhlii kuhlii breeds in the Mediterranean, P. /■.
Jlucirostrix on the islands of the Atlantic : Azores, Canaries, uear Madeira, etc.
Mr. Grant collected the following specimens :
1 (J, 2 ¥ ?, Villa Island, Sta. Maria, 4. iii. lOiKi.
1 (J, 1 ?, rocks below Mt. Brazil, Terceira, 9. iv. 1903.
2 c?(?, 2 ? ? ad., Praya Island, Graciosa, 2(5. iv. 19u3.
" Iris brown. Bill yellowish-horn, nostrils, base and tip of rhamjihothoeca
dusky. Legs [lale flesh-colour, blackisli on outer side of tarsus, outer toe, joints
and webs."
(9,s)
[Local name : Cagavro.
The Ponta Delgada Museum cou tains :
a—e. Villa Island, Santa Maria.]
This Shearwater is very common througliout the seas of the Azores, and
during onr journevs between tlic dift'erent islands we steamed through large
flocks either resting on the water, or sl;imrainj;' over the waves, in their character-
istic manner. The greatest number were to be seen about the central group
of islands, especially round (iraeiosa, San Jorge, Pico and Fayal. We saw
none m the neighbourhood of Corvo, and though we sent men in the middle
of April to several places on Flores where tliose Siiearwaters were known to
Greater Isle of Cabras, Terceira. A brceding-pl.ace of Pit_ffinus
hiihlU Jiavir<>»{ris, and of iminunse numbers of Itock-Doves.
breed, we were unable to procure specimens. Towards the end of May, during
our stay at San Hoque, on the north coast of Pico, numbers of " I'agarros " had
arrived at their breeding-places in tlie rocks below tlie village and flew over
our house at night uttering their weird (Ty (cf. (irant, Ibis 1896. pj). 47-50).
When we visited Santa Maria early in March we procured a few speci-
mens captured in the holes in the rocks on Villa Islet, bnt at that season only
a small number were to be found in their broeding-haunts. On our return,
however, to that island on June 1st we found a large colony had arrived, and
nearly all the nesting-holes contained a bird sitting on its single white egg, which
was either fresh or only slightly incubated. On the ("abras or (ioat Islets, off the
south of Terceira, which we visited on May ^Oth, about a dozen birds were found
sitting, but many nesting-places were still empty, and the fishermen who accom-
( 90 )
panied us said that a little later tLe " C'agarros " swarm ou tliese rocks. Another
large breeding-station is on the small island of Praya, off Graciosa, but owing to
the impossibilitj' of landing in a heavy sea we were unable to visit the spot in
person, though we subsequently secured a number of birds caught by some
fishermen sent for the purpose. Most of these, however, were useless as specimens,
for the men who caught them, after muzzling their beaks with string, had tied
their wings together over their backs by means of the long quill-feathers, which
were consequently broken to pieces ; the birds were then slung on a long pole
passed through their wings and carried up to our camp, and though subsequently
set at liberty, were, I fear, quite unable to fly.
Measurements of the pure white eggs are : 2'T— 3'1 x To — 1'95 inch.
2u. [Puffinus anglorum (Temm.).
Local name : Cagarro.
The Ponta Delgada Museum contains :
a. ? ad. Santa Maria. April 1003.
According to Major Chaves tlie common Shearwater is a rare visitor to
the Azores, and though constantly on the look-out for it among the hosts of
l\ liulilii ^flavirostris, we never saw or procured a single specimen.
Mr. Godman appears to have found it fairly common throughout the group
in 1865, and procured specimens at Flores in May. There are a male and
female in the British Museum collection, and he says that the latter contained
eggs in an advanced stage.]
21. Puffinus obscurus bailloni Bp.
Puffinus (ibuctinis hailloni Bp., cf. Rothschild & Hartert, Xur. Zoal. vi. p. lOli. (The name
hailloid has been adopted with reserve : possibly the North Atlantic form requires a new
name. )
S- Praya Island, (iraciosa, 20. iv. 1003.
" Iris dark brown, liidge of culmen and end of lower mandible blackish,
latericorn, and rest of lower mandible slate. Legs slate-blue, outer aspect of
tarsus and outer toe black, middle of webs and joints dusky."
Also from Rosto de (Jao, San Miguel, in Ponta Delgada Museum.
[Local name : Cagarro.
The Ponta Delgada Museum contains :
a. ad. Pico Is.
Major t'haves informs us that the Little Shearwater is not uncommon ;
and a specimen killed on San Miguel was presented to the British Museum.
The only bird we procured was taken by the fishermen sent to collect
Cagarros at Praya Island, off Graciosa.]
22. [Alca torda L.
The Ponta Delgada Museum contains :
a. Rosto de Cfio, San Miguel.
The abovo-mcutioued specimen of the Razor-bill is the only known instance
of its occurrence in the Azores.]
( ll'll )
~':5. [AUe alle (L.)
The Pouta Delgada Mnseum contains :
a — e. From diflferent jiaits of the shores of San Miguel.
An adult specimen of the Little Auk captured at Ponta Delgada was j)rescnted
to the British Museum.
Jlajor Chaves informs us that it occasionally visits tlie archijielago, and is then
fairly common.]
~4. [Fratercula arctica (L.j
The Ponta Delgada Museum contains :
a. ? imm., Ponta Delgada, San Miguel (in winter ]ilumage).
The above is the only instance df the iicrnrrence of this sjiecies.]
2.">. Sterna fluviatilis Xaum.
Breeding-colony of Strriia Jinriat'iliii on the rocks off Caes do Tico.
? ad., Taldeira, below Pico Cabaco, Flores, 2iiimi ft., IC. iv. 1903.
[The Ponta Delgada Museum contains :
a — c. Ponta Delgada, San Miguel.
The Common Tern, according to Major Chaves, is a common species in the
Azores.
Numbers were seen on the rocks at the landing-place at t'orvo, and it was
common about the coasts at Flores, where a few pairs also frequented the lakes
about the middle of the island. We found a large colony breeding on the rocks
opposite San Antonio, a village on the north coast of Pico, and it was a lovely
sight to see hundreds of these birds wheeling and circling rounil their nests, which
were situated on the ''stacks,"' only about thirty yards from the shore. Large
numbers were breeding on the Cabras or Goat Islands off Terceira, and likewise
on Villa Islet, oif Santa Maria : but in the latter jilace all the eggs had been taken
( H'l )
and eaten by the fishermen from the neigliboiiring town of Porto, and linmlreds of
broken sliells were all we found.]
{Sti'i-na (loiK/fiUi is said to have ocenrred by Godmau and Simroth.)
'3'i. [Sterna cantiaca Gm.
We first saw the Sandwich Tern on the lake at Furnas, having been attracted
by its unmistakable cry ; subsequently a few pairs were seen at Sete C'idades. In
both instances the birds were very wild, and we were unable to procure a sj)ecimen
for identitication. Being well acquainted with the bird, I have uo doubt as to the
correctness of this identification.]
llrcerling-cokmy of <<ft'rnaffitriafill.'< on tlie rocks off Caes do Tico,
~'7. [Sterna fuliginosa Gm.
Among the large colony of Common Terns tonnd breeding on Villa Islet,
Santa Maria, on June 1st, we saw a specimen of the Sooty Tern, and carefully
identified the bird through our glasses. The fishermen informed us that they knew
this bird well by sight, and that the same solitary individual had been there during
the jirevious season. As we had landed on the island without a gun, we were
unable to procure the bird.]
28. Larus argentatus cachinnans Pallas.
L(irm mrhimianii Pallas, Zongi: Jiossu-As/at. ii. p. 31H (1811— Caspian and to Lake Hailtal).
One adult example obtained near Ponta Delgada, San Miguel, from the Ponta
Delgada Museum.
[Native name : (iaivotas, or (iarc^as.
The Ponta Delgada Museum contains :
II — I). Ponta Delgada, San Miguel.
( 1"2 )
Large Gulls are common thronghout the Azores, and we met with them on
everj- island, and saw specimens in every intermediate stage of plumage during oni-
journeys between the islands. Most of the lakes inside the t'aldeiras were tenanted
by one or more pairs of breeding Gulls, and ou the islands of San Jorge and Fayal
we met with them at an elevation of at least 3(10(.) ft.]
"•20. Larus fuscus, i>ale form !
? ad. (No. Snfi), Terceira, liOd ft., 4. i v. 1903. "Iris straw-yellow, eyelid
vermilion. Bill pale bright yellow, tip of lower mandible carmine-red. Legs
bright pale yellow." I have not yet come to a conclusion about the various forms
of Larus fuscus, but in any case this example is very pale above.
[On the Cabras or Goat Islets, off Terceira, we found a large colony of this
species, breeding on the ledges near the tops of these curious " stacks."' The nests
contained two or three fresh eggs on May 30th. The species was also seen breeding
on the rocks between the islands of Pico and Fayal.
On the Cabras Islets we had an excellent opportunity of observing these birds
from above, as they sat on or stood by their nests on the ledges below us. I was
at first inclined to believe that the darker-backed birds were examples of /,. fuscus,
but I soon satisfied myself that all were of one species, L. carhinniins, and unfor-
tunately did not i)rocure specimens.
30. [Larus ridibundus L.
The Ponta Delgada Museum contains :
a — i. At different points of the shores of F!an Miguel.
Major Chaves informs ns that the Black-headed (inll is a common species in
the Azores.
We saw a flock feeding in company with L. cachinnans on some grass fields
above Lameiro on March loth, and observed a certain number of birds on the lake
at Furnas, but have no record of having met with the species elsewhere.]
31. [Larus marinus L.
The Ponta Delgada Museum contains :
a — c. Ponta Delgada, San Miguel.
(I. (albino), Ponta Delgada, San Miguel.
According to Major Chaves the Greater Black-backed Gull is fixirly common in
the Azores, but we have no record of having met with this species during the three
months we S])ent amongst the islands.]
3"-'. [Rissa tridactylus (L.)
The Ponta Delgada Mnseum contains :
a. Ponta Delgada, San Miguel.
Major Chaves informed us that the Kittiwake was a common species, but we
never met with it.]
33. Arenaria interpres (L.)
2 c?c?, 1 ?, in magnihceut spring plumage, were shot below the Caldeira,
Graciosa, on April 25th, 19i)3.
[Local name : Macarico.
( 103 )
The Ponta Delgada Mnseum oontaius :
a, h. Rosto de Cfio, San Miguel.
We came across a large flock of Tiiriistoues, iiuludiug males and females,
feeding on the high grass-slopes below the Caldeira, Graciosa, and five were
secured at a shot. The male has more chestnut on the back than the female.
According to !Major Chaves the bird is common in the Azores, but we did not meet
with it on any otlier oi'casiou.]
:!4. [Vanellus vanellus (L.)
Specimens in the Ponta Delgada Museum :
«, h. Povoacao, San Miguel,
f. Sete Cidades, San Miguel.
A specimen of the Lapwing from Ponta Delgada was presented to the Britisli
Museum, and Major Chaves informed us that it not unfrequently occurs in the
Azores.]
35. [Squatarola squatarola (L.)
The Ponta Delgada Museum contains :
a. adult, Rosto de (.'ao, San Mignel.
A specimen of the Grey Plover killed at Hibeira Grande was presented to the
British Museum. Major ( "haves informed us that it was a rare straggler to tlie
iirchipolago.]
3<'.. [Charad'rius pluvialis L.
The Ponta Delgada Museum contains :
a. Ponta Delgada, San Miguel.
The Golden Plover is a rare visitor to tlie Azores.]
37. Aegialitis hiaticula (L.).
[The Ponta Delgada Museum contains :
a. Rosto de Cfio, San Miguel.
A second immature Ringed Plover from the above locality was presented to the
British Museum. Major Chaves informed us that the bird was not uncommon, but
we did not meet with the species.]
This specimen has a remarkably small bill.
38. [Aegialitis dubia (Scop.).
The Ponta Delgada Museum contains :
(I. Flores (winter).
The Little Ringed Plover is said to be a rare straggler to the islands.]
3'.). Aegialitis alexandrinus (L.).
3 cJc?, Paiil, Terceira, 30. iii. 10ii3.
1 ?, San Pedro, Santa Maria, L iii. 1903.
" Iris brown ; bill black ; legs slate-black, paler on front of tarsns."
[The Kentish Plover was not represented in the Ponta Delgada Museum until
we presented specimens to Major I !haves. We first met with the bird on Santa
( 10^ )
Maria, wliere a number were seen on the barren grassy ground between San Pedro
and the south-west coast of the island. We again met with the species on Terceira,
on the high grass-covered Paiil to the north-east of Angra; histly, we saw a number
in company with a large flock of Turnstones ou some large fields on the Caldeiraj
smith Graciosa. Mr. F. D. (Jodman also records this species from San Miguel and
Fayal, and he procured specimens at both Idealities.]
411. [Limosa limosa (L.).
The Ponta Delgada Museum contains :
a, h. Furnas, San Miguel.
An adult Pdack-tailed Godwit killed at Furnas in the spring was presented to
the British Museum. Major Chaves informs us that this is an occasional visitor,
and by no means common.]
41. [Limosa lapponica fL.).
.l/rJT0)7)«m;Vi!(s jiv'sCTS Simroth (nee Gmelin), Airh.f. Xnhinj. i. p. I'.ll (18K8).
The Ponta Delgada Museum contains :
a. Ribeira Grande, Sau Miguel.
b. Fajfi de Cima, „ .,
According to Major Chaves the Bar-tailed Ciodwit is a rare straggler to the
Azores.]
42. [Numenius arquata (L.).
Tiie Ponta Delgada Museum contains :
(I. Hosto de Ci'io, San Miguel.
The Common Curlew is an occasional visitor, and nut very rare.]
43. [Numenius phoeopus (L.).
The Ponta Delgada ]\Iusetnu contains :
u. Ponta Delgada, San Miguel.
The 'Wliimbrel is not very rare, and a specimen killed at Sete Cidades was
presented to the British Museum.]
44. Totanus littoreus (L.).
\_M(in-niliii iiiphiis ijrixHis, Simroth (nee Gmel.), Arrli.f. Xaliirrj. i. p. 191 (1888).
The Ponta Delgada Museum contains :
a. Ponta Delgada, San Miguel.
The above specimen of the Greenshank is the only one that has been jjrocured
in the archipelago.]
{Totanus J'uscus is, according to Drouct, of rare occurrence on San Miguel,
EUm. Faun. A<;or. p. 125, 1801.)
45. [Calidris arenaria (L.).
The Ponta Delgada Museum contains :
a. Kosto <le (Tio, San Miguel.
The above example of the Sanderling is the only known instance of its
occurrence in the Azores.]
( K'5 )
40. [Tringa maritima Om.
The Purple Sandpiper is not represented iu the collection of the Ponta Delgada
Musenm, and we did not meet with the s[iecies. Mr. F. D. Godiuan obtained an
adnlt male in summer plumage on Flores on May 19th, 1805. It was one of a
small flock which, in company with some Turnstones, frequented the rocks near
Santa f Iruz.]
47. [Tringa canutus (L.).
The Ponta Delgada Museum contains :
«. Ponta Delgada, San Miguel (in nearly full summer plumage).
h. Relva, San Bliguel (winter ])lumage).
Major Chaves informed us that the Knot was rather a rare visitor to the
Azores.]
48. [Tringa minuta Leisl.
Prlidwi lemmhiclii, Simroth (nee Leisl.), Arrh.f. Xdliii//. i. p. 191 (1888).
The Ponta Delgada Museum contains :
(I. Kosto de Cfio, San Miguel.
This is the only known instance of the occurrence of the Little Stint in the
Azores.]
49. Gallinago gallinago (L.).
? ad. Caldeira, below Pico Cabni;o, F lores, 10. iv. 1903. "Iris brown; bill
dark horn-brown, lighter at base, shite-colour iit base of lower miindible. Legs
light greenish slate."
[Specimens in the Ponta Delgada Museum :
a. Sete Cidades, San Miguel.
b. Furnas, San Miguel.
A second example from Sete Cidades was presented to the British Museum.
We saw one or two Common Snipe on the marshy ground below the Caldeiras
in Central Flores ; one female, which was shot on April 16th, contained large eggs
nearly ready to be laid.]
5u. Scolopax rusticola L.
Si'ohipax RiiHtJfohi Linnaeus, Sysl. Nat. ed. x. p. 14G (17.08: "Habitat in Eiiropn." Typicil
locality : Sweden, ex Fauna Succica).
2 c?c?, 1 ?, Furnas, San Miguel, 2U00 ft., 1.5. iii. 1903.
3 c?c?, 2 ¥ ?, 1 sex? Crater above Reguinho, Terceira, 20Ui) ft., 5—9. iv. 1903.
4 c?c?, above Calheta, San Jorge, 12O0 ft., 1, 2. v. 1903.
1 c?, 1 pallus, above Horta, central Fayal, 2000 ft, 25. v. 1903.
'6 dS, above Santa Cruz, Flores, 100— 1000 ft., 17, 18. iv. 1903.
"Iris dark brown ; bill d;irk blackish-brown at tip, lighter at base of upper
mandible, yellowish-horn at base of lower mandible ; feet and legs pale yellowish-
brown (lilac-brown, pale pinkish-brown, pale lavender-horn, pale lavender-brown),
])iukish-horn at joints ; one from Fayal : stoue-yellow or clay-colour."
Pullus : " Bill blackish, legs purplish-brown, iris dark brown."
A magnificent aberration was shot above Calheta, San Jorge, 1200 it., on
May 3rd, 19o3. Most of the upjier surface is white, but some of the feathers have
black tips, others are rufous with black tips ; the upper tail-coverts are of the usual
colour, the tail is only partially wliite, some of the outer wing-coverts are rufous, as
( 106 )
well as jiortions of tbe outer webs of the secoudaries. The underside is pure white,
onl}' the chest and under tail-coverts having a mixture of bntf and brown. "Iris
brown (lighter than usual) ; bill horn-brown at tij), lighter at base ; legs jiale
browuish-j'ellow."
It is somewhat strange that a resident race so far away from Europe should
nut differ from the continental form, but I am not able to find essential characters
to separate it. The barrings on the underside are mostly wide and dark, but many
Em'opean specimens are perfectly similarly barred, and some Azorean specimens
have rather narrow and fine bars. Also the reddish colour on the rnmp varies
considerably, as well as the size — quite as much as in Eurojiean birds.
[Local name : Gallinhola.
Specimens in the Ponta Delgada Museum :
(I, b. Furnas, Sau Miguel.
c. albino, Fayal.]
[We met with the Woodcock on all the islands of the Azores excepting
Santa Maria, Graciosa, and (Jorvo ; but though we did not happen to come across
it on the first-named island, we heard of its occurrence there from the natives, who
knew the " Gallinhola " well. On Graciosa it was not seen, and we were told that
it does not occur there ; but possibly this is a mistake, as the country above
Praya seems well suited to its requirements. The breeding-season had already
commenced when we reached the Azores, and the male birds might generally be
seen flighting over the higher ground towards dusk, uttering their well-known
whistle and croak. They were fairly common of an evening ou the heath-covered
moors above Furnas, and were sometimes met with in the daytime on the pine-
aud faya-covered ridges in the neighbourhood. Ou Terceira the Woodcock was
fairly common right up to the edge of the Caldeira, and on several occasions we
put up birds among the heather at an elevation of about 200it ft. The species
was also tolerably common on Pico, Fayal, and Flores ; but on San Jorge by far
the greatest numbers were met with. On this island we lived in a tiny stone house
situated on the high ground amongst patches of giant heath, broom, and other
bushes — ideal woodcock country— and many birds nesting in the neighbouring
coverts passed over the house during their evening flight, and might be shot
from the front door. Sometimes we saw the male and female rise together from
some patch of broom ; the latter, uttering a shrill whistle, made straight for
her feeding-ground with a rapid flight, leaving the male to continue his solemn
evening flight. Here Mr. Harwood shot a nearly pure white specimen.
On April lf<th, while on the island of Flores, a living female Woodcock, which
had been caught on its nest, was brought in to us ; the four eggs had been broken
in the struggle. Ou San Jorge on May 8th we procured a nest containing four
slightly incubated eggs. On May 27th we found a nest with four broken eggs
among the heath in a pine-wood on the top of Fayal, and collected a female
accompanied by very young birds. The eggs are of the ordinary type, and measure
1-7 by l-:3in.]
51. [Phalaropus hyperboreus (L.).
Specimen in the Ponta Uelgada Museum :
a. Arrifes, near Ponta Delgada, San Miguel (in nearly full summer
plumage).
The Red-necked Phalarope is a rare straggler to the Azores.]
( 107 )
•i2. [Phalaropus fulicarius (L).
The Ponta Delgada Musenm cDtitains :
a. Relva, San Mi.sruel, in winter plumage.
The Gre\' Phalarope is a rare straggler to the Azores.]
5:3. [Oedicnemus oedicnemus (L.).
The Ponta Delgada Museum contains :
a. ad. Sete Cidades, San Miguel.
The Thick-knee is a rare straggler to the Azores.]
.j4. Comatibis eremita (L.).
[The Ponta Delgada Museum contains :
a. Furuas, San Miguel, February.
This is the onl}' known instance of the occurrence of the Ked-cheeked Ihis in
the Azores.]
55. [Platalea leucerodia L.
The Ponta Delgada Museum contains :
a. Ponta Delgada, San Miguel.
The Spoonbill is only known to have occurred once.]
56. [Ardeola ralloides (Scnj).).
Specimens in the Ponta Delgada JIuseum :
a, I*. Ponta Delgada, San Miguel.
A specimen of the Sipiacco Heron killed at Ribeira Grande was presented to
the British Museum. Major Chaves informs us that the species is not very rare.]
57. [Ardetta miniita (L.).
The Ponta Delgada Museum contains :
a. Ponta Delgada, San Miguel.
b. Rosto de Cfio, „ ,,
c. Santa Cruz, Flores.
A specimen of the Little Bittern killed at Rosto de CaO was presented to the
British Musenm. The species is rarely met with.]
58. Herodias alba (L.).
Mr. Godman says that it has occurred on the central group (Terceira).
59. Herodias egretta (L).
Has occurred on Terceira (cf. Godman, Azores, p. 34).
Oil. Garzetta garzetta (L.).
Has occurred on the central group (Godman, Azores, p. 34).
(Simroth, Archiv.f. Nat.un/. i. p. l'.)3 (1888) mentions '' Ardea f/idaris" from
specimens obtained on San Miguel.)
( 108 )
01. [Mesophoyx intermedia ( \\'agl.)-
The Pouta Delguda Mnseum contains ;
a. i C'apellas, San Miguel.
The above is the only known instance of the ow'urrcnee of this Egret.]
62. [Ardea cinerea L.
Local name : Ari-lo.
Specimcn.s in the Ponta Delgada JInsonm :
u, b. Sete Cidades, San Miguel.
Wc saw several examples of the Common Heron abont the hikes at Furnas
and Sete Cidades, and Major Chaves informed ns that he considered the species to
be fairly nnmerons about other lakes on San Miguel. We saw a pair on a lake in
one of the L'aldeiras in Central Flores, and a like number in the Caldeira, Graciosa.]
63. [Ardea purpurea L.
The Ponta Delgada Museum contains :
«, h. Livramento, Rosto de Cilo, San Miguel.
c. Saiga.
According to Major Chaves the Purple Heron is a very rare straggler to the
Azores.]
'U. Nycticorax nycticorax (!>.>
[The Ponta Delgada Museum contains :
<i, h. Ponta Delgada, San Miguel.
An adult Niglit Heron from Ponta Delgada and an immature from Kilieira
Grande were presented to the British Museum. Major Chaves tells us that this is
not a very rare visitor to the Azores.]
Oo. [Botaurus stellaris (L.).
The Pouta Delgada Museum contains :
u. Lagoa, San Miguel.
The Common Bittern is only known to have occurred once.]
Oil. [Botaurus lentiginosus (Mont.).
Specimen in the Ponta Delgada Museum :
0. Flores.
The above e.\ami)le of the American Bittern is the only instance of its having
occurred in the archijielago.]
[Morelct (///.s^ i^at. Acoi\ p. 53 (1860) mentions the Stork (rv>o;//rt rifonia)
as an accidental straggler to the Azores. (Cf. Simroth, ]). li'3.)]
liT, Anas boschas L.
[Local name : Pato-real.
The Ponta Delgada Museum contains :
a,b. Furnas, San Miguel.
The ^Vild Dnctk i-; not uncommon, ;nul a male from Sete Cidades was presented
to the British Museum.
We found several pairs breeding on the lakes in the Caldeiras in central Flores,
but did not meet with it on any of the other islands,]
( ino )
(58. Anas crecca (L.).
[Local name : iMarreca.
The Ponta Delgada Museum contains :
a — (f_ (J $. Lagua de I'arvfio and from Sete Cidades, San Miguel.
A i)air of Common Teal from Fanias were jiresented to the British Mnsenm.
Major Chaves informs us that it is tolerahly common and breeds on San
Mi'^nel, but we' never met with the species on any of the islands.]
(i'.i. Mareca penelope (L.).
[Local name : Marreca.
The Ponta Delgada Mnsenm contains :
a. ? . Sete Cidades, San Miguel.
The WigeoD is said to be not uncommon.]
70. [Mareca americana (Gm.).
Local name : Marreca.
The Ponta Delgada Museum contains :
a. S. Sete Cidades, San Miguel.
The American Wigeon is said to be not uncommon.]
7L [Fuligula ferina.
The Ponta Delgada Museum contains :
a,.h. J?. Sete Cidades, San Miguel.
The Common Pochard is a rare visitor.]
72. [Clangula clangula (T;.).
The Ponta Delgada Museum contains :
a. ? . Azores (? San Miguel).
The Golden-eye is a very rare straggler.]
73. [Harelda glacialis (L.).
The Ponta Delgada Museum contains :
a — c. S ? . Relva, San Miguel (winter).
The Long-tailed Duck is not a very rare winter visitor.]
74. [Oedemia nigra (L.).
The Ponta Delgada Museum contains :
(I. ?. Ponta Delgada, San Miguel.
The Common Scoter is not very rare.]
75. [Somateria moUissima (L.).
The Ponta Delgada Museum contains :
a. ? imm. Posto de Cao, San Miguel.
The above is the only instance of the Kiiler Duck having occurred in the
Azores.]
( no )
TC). [Anser anser (L.)-
The Poiita Delgada Musenm contains :
a. ad. Rosto de Cao, San Miguel.
Major Chaves informs ns that only two cxanijiles of the 'Wikl Goose have
occurred in the islands to his knowledge.]
77. [Branta leucopsis (Bechst.)
The Ponta Delgada Musenm contains :
u. ad. Lake of Furnas, San Miguel.
The above-mentioned e.xamjile (if the Bernacle Goose is the only known instance
of its occurrence.]
78. [Mergus serrator (L.).
The Ponta Delgada Museum contains :
a—c. Ponta Delgada, San Miguel.
Au adult female of the Red-breasted Merganser, shut at Ribeira Grande, was
presented to the British Museum. Major Chaves informs ns that it is not a very
rare visitor to the Azores.]
7 '.I. [Phalacrocorax carbo (L.).
The Ponta Delgada Museum contains :
a. Relva, San Miguel.
The Cormorant is a scarce straggler to the islands.]
80. [Sula bassana (L.).
The Ponta Delgada Museum contains :
a. imm. Ribeira Grande, San Miguel.
h. „ Rosto de Cao, „ „
The Gannet is a very rare visitor to the Azores.]
81. [Fregata aquila (L.).
The Ponta Delgada Museum contains :
a. S ad. Ponta Delgada, San Miguel.
According to Major Chaves the Larger Frigate-Bird is not common.]
82. [Aquila chrysaetus ?
During our visit to Graciosa we were informed that some species of Eagle had
recently taken up its abode on the island, and frequented the Caldeira and other
jjarts of the island. It was said to have killed a number of lambs, kids, etc., and
the natives were exceedingly anxious that we should shoot it. On the day that
we descended by ropes into the Furna do EnxOfre to visit the boiling spring and
underground lake in the centre of the Caldeira, the bird was observed by some
of our men sailing above the edge of the crater, but we did not see it. Probablv
it was an immature Golden Eagle.]
( 111 )
83. Buteo buteo insularum Fluor.
Didni hiilm iiisuliiriiin Floericke, Milt, iisterr. Heir/ish. f. VdifFlh. mid Viif/i'hrh. ]\'ti h iii. p. lU
(1903 : Gran Cinaria).
The Buzzards from the Azores are very closely allied to typical /j/ifeo from
North Europe, but they differ in two poiuts : they are as a rule distinctly smaller,
the wings of the males measuring- not more than '54 to 3(3, those of the females
36 to 38 cm., thus averaging about 2 to 3 cm. shorter than those of typical North
European bitteo. Secondly, they are much more uniform in colour, being deep
brown above, while below they have deep brown praepectoral and abdominal bands
of brown spots divided by a whitish area. In only a few specimens are these areas
not distinct.
I cannot see that these Azorean buzzards differ from those from the Canary
Islands, which have been named Bi/feo hufeo insularum. I therefore accept this
name for the Azores birds.
Mr. Grant obtained 23 specimens: 7 from Terceira, 12U0 and 1500 ft. high;
4 from San Jorge, 1200 and 1300 ft. high; 7 from Graciosa ; 2 from San Mignel,
loijo ft. high ; and 3 from central Fayal, 2.)0O ft. high. The iris is marked as
light brown (brown, reddish-brown, pale brown, very light brown, almost yellowish
brown). The bill blackish (blackish horn-colour), cere pale yellow (light yellow),
legs and feet yellow (dark yellow, darker yellow, pale bright yellow, light yellow).
The length was measured in the flesh : S 18, 18-2, 18-6, 18-7, 19-3, 19 in.; ? Ls-U,
19-1, 19-7, 20, 20-3, 21 in.
[Local name : Milhafre.
Specimens in Ponta Delgada Museum :
a, h. Arrifes, near Ponta Delgada, San Miguel.
c. Ribeira Grande, San Miguel.
A fourth specimen of the Buzzard was presented to the Briti.';h Museum.
The common Buzzard is the only indigenous bird of prey fonnd in the Azores.
The Portuguese name for the Goshawk is " A(.'or," and the early settlers, supposing
the large hawks they found so numerous on the islands to be of that species,
named the group accordingly, though as a matter of fact the Goshawk has never
been known to occur there, even as a straggler.
The " Milhafre " is found throughout the eastern and central islands, and is
a common and conspicuous bird from sea-level to the highest ground ; but on the
western islands of Flores and Corvo we met with none, and were told that it
only occurs there as an occasional visitor. As so conspicuous a bird cannot easily
be overlooked, this information is no doubt correct.
When one says the " Milhafre " is common, it must be understood that it is
common as hawks go, and that a dozen jjairs may be seen in a long day's march.
A pair or two are to be fonnd about every town and village, either perched on
some tall tree or wall, or soaring round in graceful circles on the look-out for
rabbits, rats, or chickens, of which they destroy large numbers. They are also
useful scavengers, devouring all sorts of carrion, but the natives hate them ou
account of their ravages in the poultry-yard. Though apparently bold and
comparatively tame, especially in the neighbourhood of dwellings, they are really
e.xtremely wary and difficult to ajiproach if one is armed witli a gun. When at
rest they always select some commanding position whence an uninterruirted view
can be had of the surrounding country, so that to stalk these liirds is generally
( 112 )
out of tbe (inestion ; and tliouyrh oiio may often wnlk boldly np to within a
hnudred yards, jnst as one begins to hope for a shot the bird slijjs quietly oif
and settles on some ecjnally unapproachable tree.
With a small -SSO rifle it would be easy to collect numbers, but unfortunately
we had not brought one with us. Lonp: shots with a IvJ-borc arc seldom iiny use,
unless one is Inclcy cnonuh to break a wing, as the Buzzard will carry away a
heavy charge without turning a feather. However, opportunities occur from time
to time, especially on wet, misty days, when the birds seldom leave their perch
unless disturlied, and we gradually collected a long series of specimens of all
ages, half of which were shot and the remainder tra])ped. Traps are much the
easiest means of securing these birds, a dead rat or rabbit being a safe bait.
On Terceira, where we procured most of the finest and oldest specimens,
four traps were placed round a dead rat in an especially favourable position, and
we caught four buzzards in two days, a jiair being secured simultaneously. On
one other occasion we met with a similar success : on the last morning of our
trip two traps, placed on either side of a rabbit on a ridge below the crater of
Fayal, secured two male birds. On Graciosa, where we found the Buzzard more
numerous than on any other island, almost all the specimens were shot. Near
the village of Funchal, on the west side of the island, there was an old orange
Qninta, surrounded by high walls and fringed by large trees. As an owl was
reported to have been seen there, we visited the spot one evening, and had scarcely
got inside the garden when eight buzzards got on the wing, and before they had
time to escape two successful rights and lefts stopped four. This was our greatest
success, for though on another occasion on Fayal we shot three, they fell amongst
dense wet faya-covert, and we only succeeded in finding one.
The Buzzard does not appear to breed very early jn the Azores, and it was
not till we landed on Pico in the middle of May, that we found a j)air nesting in
the rocks at the top of a small crater densely clad with high bush. A little
earlier in the month we trapped a tine female on San Jorge, containing a large
egg almost ready to be laid. A male trapped on the latter island managed to
break the strings and go oflf with a trap on either foot ; but so weighted be
was unable to rise, and after a hunt we luckily secured him about a hundred
yards from the bait.]
84. Cerchneis tinnunculus (L.).
F(tli-u Thiiiiiiicnliis Linnaeus, Si/st. Nut. Ed. x. p. ',iO (ITfiH : " Habitat in Europae turribus," typ.
loc. Sweden : the first quotation being " 7n. suec. 07 ").
A female which I examined belongs to tbe common European form.
[The Common Kestrel is an occasional visitor to tbe Azores.
Specimens in Ponta Delgada Museum :
0. Sete Cidades, San Miguel.
L Ponta Delgada, ,, ,,
c. Ribeira Grande, „ „
A fourth specimen, killed at Arrifes, San Miguel, was i)resented to the British
Museum.]
x"). [Falco peregrinus L. ?
A single Falcon, almost certainly of Ihis species, was seen by me flying from
Lameiro, on the north coast oi' San Miguel, towards the bills of the interior.]
( 113 )
86. [Strix flammea L.
Local name: ('(inijii.
The Coiumon Barn ()vvl is n rare specie.s ; it was heard on one occasion at
Laiueiro, on the north coast of San 3Iij;nel.
Specimens in I'onta Deljjaihi Blnseum :
a. Seta (.'idades, San Miguel.]
87. Asio otus ? snbsp.
A young bird in down, with wings and tail hall' grown, belongs to a form of
Asio nfits, which is either the typical form or an nuknown subspecies. It was
obtained in Ajiril 10ii:5 at I'onta Delgada, San Miguel, and differs from similarly
aged examples oi' A.v'o otn.s otus from Europe in being darker and greyer, and not
BO buff'y, esjiecially on the abdomen. Another rather older bird tVom Arrifes, San
Miguel, however, agrees perfectly with young birds from Europe, being underneath
buffy, not greyish.
[Local name : Mocho.
Specimens in the Ponta Delgada Museum.
a — c. ad. et juv. Sete Cidades, San Miguel.
An adult bird from Sete Cidades was presented to the British Museum.
The Long-eared Owl is not a common species, but occurs in the neighbourhood
of Sete (!idades, San Miguel, and breeds there. On one occasion we observed
an owl, no doubt of tliis species, above Calheta, on San Jorge, and a specimen
was subsecpieutly procured for us there by a local sjiortsman ; but when it reached
tile hands of our friend Senhor da Cunha it was too much decomposed to be worth
preserving. We {irocured a young bird which had been caught in the town of
Ponta Delgada, and handed over to Major F. A. Chaves ; it had evidently been
brought down from the hills, probably from Sete Cidades, and had subsequently
escaped.
During the whole t)f our stay in the Azores, though ofteu out of doors till
twelve or one o'clock in the morning, we never once heard an owl hoot. The
dilHcnlty of obtaining these birds is very great ; pole-tra])s placed in the most
likely spots, in localities where we knew owls were to be found, were invariably
avoided, and during many nights of jiatient watching we never once had the
satisfaction of firing a shot at one of these birds.
Wliile flighting woodcock one evening on the top of San Jorge, just as it
was becoming dark, a large owl flew slowly over an open heath-covered patch
in front of us. I had taken the cartridges from my gun, and was engaged in
ligliting the motii-lamp : l)ut Mr. Harwood, who was standing beside me, flred
a couple of unsuccessful shots at the bird. I had a good view of it as it tojjped a
neighbouring bank, and noted that it was a much larger bird than either A. otus or
A. acri pit ri nils ; it looked to me exactly like the Tawny Owl {Si/rnium «/«t'o)].
88. Asio accipitrina (Pall.)
Strii.r iifrijiitrina Pallas, Reise d. rerscli. Prof. (I. Rkss. Rciclis, i. p. 45.5 (1^01 : " Ad mare Caspium ").
[Local name ; Mocho.
The Short-eared Owl is a scarce species in the Azores, and ajiparently only an
occasional visitor to the islands. It is not known to breed there. An immature
b
( 114 )
liinl lll■e^sellte^l to tlie Brilisli JIiisciiiii by tlic I'drila lirlj^fiidii Mnsouin lias the
general colour of the iiiiikMiiart deep tawny, and is of a (hirker tint than any
specimen in the National Colieetion, Iml l)r. Hartert tells ine that there are
similarly dark siwcimeus in the Tring- ^Inseniu.
Specimens in the I'onta Didjjada Jliisiiun :
(I. Sete Cidades, San Slignel.]
^'.1. [Ceryle alcyon (L.)
The I'onta l>elj;ada JInscnm contains :
a. adult, Santa ('rnz, Flores.
The above examiile of the North American Belted Kinj;fisher is the only
instance of the occurrence of this species in the Azores. Miijor ('haves was on a
visit to tlie island of Klorcs when the bird was hilled, and examined it in the tlesh.]
'III. [Upupa epops L.
Specimens in the I'onta Uelgada Museum :
ft. Sete Cidades, San Miguel.
b. ]?ibeira Grande, San Miguel.
According to Major Chaves the Hoojioe is a rare straggler to the Aiiores.]
•U. [Merops apiaster L.
The Common Bee-eater is only known in the Azores as a rare straggler.
Sj)ecimens in the Ponta Uelgada Museum :
ri. Porto Formoso, San Miguel.
Two birds were shot some years ago at the above locality, and Major Chaves
informed me that the second specimen was still preserved in the house of the man
who obtained them.]
'.'2. [Cuculus canorus L.
The Common Cuckoo is a rare straggler to the Azores.
Sjiecimens in the Ponta Delgada Sluseum :
«, b. Faj'i i^l'' Cima, near Ponta Delgada, San Miguel.
r. Kibeira Grande, San Miguel.
An adult killed on San Jorge was presented to the British Museum.]
iKi. [Coccyzus erythrophthalmus ( Wiis.j
The Tonta Helgada Museum contains:
'I. ad Ponta jlelgada, San Miguel.
According to Major Chaves the above specimen is the only example of the
American Black-billed Cuckoo that has ever lieen met with in tin; islands.]
!i4. [Dendrocopiis minor (!>•)
As already mentioned in the introduction, we found no trace of tlie Lesser
Spotted Woodjiecker either on San Miguel or on Terceira, though especially on the
look-out for it. Major Chaves informed us that though he had been for many years
endeavouring to secure a specimep of thjs species for the Museum at Ponta Uelgada,
( 115 )
aiJil had uffoi-t'il a siilistaiitial reward, no exam|ili's had Ijeeii t'orthrmuiug ; and he
was strongly inclined to doubt its existence. On the other hand, Mr. V. D. Godmau
tells us that his collector, Mr. Brewer, saw a specimen of this bird at Furnas in
1865, and havinj;: watched it for some time, had no doubt as to its identity ; and
Senhor Jernnynio of th(^ Royal Hotel at Furnas, informed us that, as a boy, he
jierfectly remenjbered seeing- the species in tliat locality on more than one occasion.
It is quite possible that this Woodjiccker, which was said to be very uncommon
at the time when Mr. Godnian published Wxi, yafnrnl IHxtori/ of' tin' Aznre!<, has
since become extinct.
The specimen recorded by Dr. Simrnth : cf. Arch. f. .\nt)in/. i. jj. 1S4 (l.s,><s),
which is preserved in the I'oiita Delgada Museum, was procured in Portugal, and
the same remark applies to the specimen of D. major ; the examples of both these
species have the locality clearly marked.]
'••o. Apus apus (L.)
[Specimens in the I'lmta Delgada Museum :
'I. Santa Maria.
h. San Miguel.
A specimen of the Common Swift killed at Sete Cidades, San Miguel, was
presented to the British Museum. Major (_!haves informed me that this species was
only known as a straggler to the Azores, and occurs more frequently on Santa
Maria than it does on San Miguel.]
1)6. [CoUocalia fuciphaga (Thunli.j
The Ponta Delgada Museum contains :
u. ad. Azores.
Major Ghaves informs ns that this uniipie straggler was undoubtedly obtained
in the Azores, and sent in the flesh to the Ponta Delgada Museum. The exact
locality where it was killed has unfortunjitely been lost. The home of this Swiftlet
is the Malay Archipelago and Pajjuasia, whence it ranges westwards to the Se}'chelles,
northwards to the Philippine Islands, and eastwards to the islands of western
Polynesia.]
'•IT. [Turdus mustelinus.
The Ponta Delgada Museum contains :
a. ad. Azores.
The Wood-Thrush of North America has once been obtained in the Azores ;
unfortunately the record of the precise locality has been lost.]
08. [Turdus viscivorus L.
The Ponta Delgada Museum contains :
a. ad. Kibeira Grande, San Miguel.
A second specimen from the same locality was presented to the British
Museum.
Major (!haves informed us that the Missel Thrush was a very rare straggler
to the Azores.]
'■''•'. Turdus merula azorensis Mil]s[i. ikiv.
The liliU'kljinl of the Azores agrees best with tlie form iiiliiNliitiiif;- I he (.'aiiiiries
aud Madeira. It has tlie same wiug, somewhat shortei' tliaii in Kuroi)eaii examples,
the same rather dark, not very rnfoiis eoloratioii of the females, the same very
deep glossy lilatU plumage, the sauu; large and ratiier (irange hill of the males.
It differs, liowever, in iiaving a sliorter tail, wjiicli is iiliout Ti ici lii mm. shorter
ill tlie males. I am therefore obliged to give this form a new name. Type in
the British Museum : c? ud. No. 44.S. South of Santa Cniz, Graeiosa, 22. iv. liM)3.
Generally the rudimentary first jirimary is rather longer, and the distance from
the tij) of the longest seeondariis to the tip of the wing rather short. The tail of
males is not over lUd, while in 7". m. cabreme it is generally about lOo to Ion mm.
Mr. Grant collected a magnificent series of this Blackbird :
2 <?(?, 2 ? ?, Sta. Maria, :30(l— ]3(M) ft., 27, 28. ii., 1. iii. Ip()r3.
3 c?c?, 1 ?, Furnas and Lameiro, San Jligiiel, ."ii lo — 20i H ( ft., 12—11).
iii. l!)i):i.
T d"(?, .") ? ?, Tcrceira, I.ioii -2i»ii(i ft., 2s— :30. iii. ];)(i;5.
4 (JcJ, 1 ?, Graeiosa, 22, 23. iv. I'.iici.
2 c? J, 3 ? ?, above Calheta, San Jorge, J20il-2u(lO ft., 3, 4, o. v. l'.M)3.
'2 SS,\ ?, Pico, 900— IIMIU ft., 13, 17. iv. 1003.
1 (?, 1 S, above Caes de Pico, 8(MI ft., 20. iv. 1003.
~ SS,\ ?, 1 (? jnv., above Horta aud Flamingos Valley, Fayal, ."lOO —
2.")00 ft,., 2o, 2(), 28. V. 1903.
2 (?c?, 4 ??, near Sta. Cruz, Flores, about 200-1000 ft., io, 10, I'J.
iv. 1',I03.
2 (?c?, 1 ?, Gorvo, 500 ft., 14. iv. 11J03.
cJ ad. : " Iris brown ; bill and skin round eye orange-yellow ; legs brown."
? ad.: "Iris brown; bill dull orange-yellow, dark (dusky) at base; legs
(dark) browu."
[Local name : Melro.
Sjieciraeus in the Ponta Uelgada Museum :
a — d. Ponta Delgada, San Jligucl.
Some of the above specimens are ]iartial albinos, and locally known as
]\I el ro-marchante.
This species is found on every island of the grou|j, and common from sea-
level to the highest ground, wherever faya, heath aud other suitable cover
occurs. It is jierhajis most abundant on Terceira, St. Jorge and Fayal, and less
numerous on Grac'iosa ami ( 'orvo. AVIieii met with in the neighbourhood of
houses and gardens it is often very tame, and, unlike the Jladeiia Blackbird,
is seldom really diilicult to ajiproach even on tlie high ground.
Its habits call for no special remark, but both its song and alarm-note
differ somewhat from those of Turdus merula in (Jreat Britain.
On our arrival at Santa Maria, on February 27tli, its harsh, raucous
alarm-note, like a hoarse laugh, at once attracted our attention, and we noted
that it differed from that of the British bird in being pitched in a much
lower key. It was not until our visit to Terceira, on March 29th, that we heard
a number of male birds singing. Each note of their fine melodious whistle
was more sustained than that of the British bird, and the whole song delivered
in mucli slower time.
( 117 )
The first nest fouiul, on April 26th, was sitnated (in a ledge overhanging
the brink of the Fiirna do Enxnfre, in the Caldeira, Graciosa, and contained
two fresh eggs. The fall complement of eggs appears to he three, bnt freqnentl)-
only two are laid, and we found several nests containing two yonng birds, indi-
cating that the latter nnml)er is jterhaps more iisnal.
The eggs are of the nsnal type : two clntches, containing three eggs eacii,
from San Jorge, l)eing more heavily spotted, while the third, containing two
eggs, from (iraciosa, lias the reddish-brown markings smaller and less nnmerons.
The measurements vary from 115 — 1-2 x US.") — ()',» in.]
I'm. Saxicola oenanthe leucorrhoa ((Jm.).
Mutiiiillii Imenrhnn, Gmelin, .Si/xf. Nat. i. p. 90lj (17H8 — ex Butl'iin . Senegal).
A female of the large Greenland form of the Wheatear (wing liHi mm.)
was presented by the Ponta Delgada Museum.
A.s no measurements were taken, it is of course uncertain whether the
other specimens in the Ponta Delgada Museum belong to the large form (Jencorrliod)
or the smaller one. It is, however, proliable that both forms occur there, but
that the large form is commoner, though tlie small one also occurs sometimes.
The birds found breeding by Mr. Godman in the old crater on (lorvo may have
belonged to the smaller form, S. or. oenaiithc : but the male procured im Florcs
belongs to the large race, its wing measuring 105 mm.
[Specimens in the Ponta Delgada Museum :
fi, I. Ponta Delgada, San Miguel.
c. Lagoa ,, „
(/. Kibeira Grande „ ,,
Major ( !haves informed me that this bird was a regular visitor to the islands,
and not very rare ; but we never met with it, though much of the ground visited
was eminently suited to its habits.
Mr. F. D. Godman, who was the first to recnrd this species from the group,
procured a s])ecinu'n in Flores, and found four or five pairs breeding in the crater
on Corvo.]
mi. Erithacus rubecula (L.).
Mnlaril/ii Ji'iihi,;,/,, I.iim.aens, Si/.-it. X,i/. eii. x. p. 1H8 (1758— " Hal)itat in Europa." Typ. loc.
Sweden : ex Fmnni Stiectni 22G).
12 J ? , Santa Maria (Pico, Almagreira), 27. ii. to 2. iii. l'.M}3.
2<i J ?, Sjui Miguel (Sete < 'ida<les, I'onta Delgada, Lameiro), March HtO:?.
14 c^ ? , Terceira (Heguinho, Serreta, 1500 ft.), 2S. iii. to S. iv. 19n3.
6 S6, (iraciosa (Caldcira, Sta. Cni/,, Praya), 22. to :5ii. iv. 19ii3.
!-! c? ?, San Jorge (above Ciilheta, rjoii td 2i"iii ft.), Jlay 1903.
7 cJ ? , Pico, May 1 903.
4c??, Fayal (1500 to 25rj0 ft.), May 1903.
" Iris brown, bill blackish, feet brown."
It is very remarkable that the birds of these islands, like those from Madeira
an<l tlie Canaries — with the exception of Tenerife and Gran Canaria — all belong to
the ]iiile-throated form, apjiarently indistinguishable from K. r. nihi't-nlu, while the
Biitisli Isles are inhabited by the dark-throated I'., r. iiirlo/iliiliis, Tenerife and (iran
(Janaria liy hi. r. supfrlm.'i. No constant ditt'erence can be seen between liirds IVdui
( 118 )
the various islands of the Azores and between those from the higher and lower
elevations.
[Local name : Vinajrreira.
Specimens in the Ponta 1 >elgada Musenm :
n — c. Poiitii Deljrada, San Mirriiel.]
The Rohin was foiuul in tiie eastern and cent nil isliuids nf the u;ron]i, but was
not met with in Flores and (Jorvo. It was most iimnerous on Santa Maria, San
Mignel, and Tereeira, fairly common on San Jorge, Pico, and Fayal, and compara-
tively scarce on (Jraciosa. On all these islands it was met with from sea-level to the
highest gronnd. In the town gardens and in the neighbonrlmoil of houses the birds
were as a rule fairly tame : but those inhabiting the higher woods and heath-clad
hills were very shy and difficult to approach, as is the case in Madeira. The most
richly coloured birds, with very bright breasts and dark brown backs, were found in
the gardens round Ponta Delgada, while all, or almost all, those met with on the
higher gronnd were ])aler in colour and somewhat smaller in si/e. The song did
not dift'er in any marked degree from that of our common Robin.
The first nest was found on April 6th below the Caldeira, in central Tereeira,
at an elevation of about 2000 ft. It was placed on a ledge of rock overhung by
heath, and contained several broken eggs, which had proliably been destroyed by
some goat-herd. On May 27th I found two more similarly placed nests below the
(Jaldeira of Fayal, at an elevation of abont 2o(iO ft. Each contained three fresh
eggs of the ordinary Robin type, but perhaps a trifle smaller. In one clutch of
nearly ])erfectly oval eggs the rufous markings are suffused and very indistinct,
forming a somewhat iudetinite zone round the larger end ; in tlie second clutch,
with the eggs slightly more pointed, the ground-colour is whiter and the markings
more distinct, especially on two of the eggs. TIk^ measurements vary from
0-75— 0-8 X 0-57— 0-oS.]
11 •2. Sylvia atricapilla (L.).
Motdiilhi atrlrnpllhi Linn.ieus, Si/st. Xtil. ed. x. p. l.s7(I7.'i'S — '■ Habitat inEuropa." Typ. loe.
Sweden).
1 (?, 2 ? ?, Santa Maria, 30i) -4(mi ft., 28. ii., :j. iii. litii:}.
4 SS, 4 9?, Ponta Delgada, Furnas, and Laineiro, San Miguel, siiil— luiiil ft.,
<;, 7, II, Hi, 111. iii. unci.
2 (J(?, :5 ? ?, Heguinho, Tereeira, I2(i(i— luoil ft., -.iD/M. iii., 2. iv. lOiili.
1 cJ, 1 ?, Santa ( 'rnz, (iraciosa, 2i)0 ft., 21. iv. I'.tiiS.
2 (JcJ, 1 ?, above C'alheta, San Jorge, HiiMi— ]2iio ft., 2, :>, 0. v. I'.nUi
2 c?cJ, 1 ?, Pico, 900 to 10(10 ft., 13, 10, Is. v. I'.iiia.
1 cJ, above Horta, central Fayal, 1000 ft., 2s. v. I'.iOii.
2 66, 1 ?, above Santa Cruz, Flores, Oon -looo ft., Ifi, 17, Is. iv. 10o3.
6. " Iris brown, upper mandible black, h)wer slate, legs slate."
I cannot see any sufficient reason to separate tin; Rlackca]) of the Azores from
the Eurojican form. It does not belong to the small and dark raci^ inhabiting
Madeira and the Canaries, but is inclined to be large. The wing is sometimes
very long, attaining a length of 7s and 70 mm., wliile in the European race it
does not as a rule exceed 7;"); the nnijority of sj)e(iniens are not, however, larger
than our European lorni. In colours I find no essential difl'erences.
[Local name : Touto.
( 119 )
The Ponta Delgada Museum contains fhe following specimens :
a—c. i and ? ad., Ponta Delgada, San Mignel.
d. <S ad. (albinoj „ „ „ „
Si)f(umen cl is a very cnrions variety, having almost the whole iilnmage
white, with narrow transverse bands of greyish across the feathers ; the top of
the head is of the nsnal black colour, and the chin and throat are suffused with
dusky, suggesting the variety .S'. l/i'iiii'ltuni.
A second albino s]iecimen, with the cap mostly white, is now in the
Rothschild Museum.]
[The Blackcap was met with on all the islands throughout the grouji, but is
very unevenly distriimted. It is most numerous by far on San Mignel, and, as
might be expected, rarest on Corvo, where there is hardly any suitable covert,
and only a few birds were seen in the reed-hedges near the village of (^)rvo.
Its range is by no means confined to the gardens on the low ground, for on all
the islands, except Corvo, we fonnd it scattered about in pairs over the juni|i(M-
and heath-covered hills up to an elevation of about 30uo ft. We noted birds
in full song at Lameiro, San Miguel, on March sth ; bnt they did not begin to
breed till towards the end of May, and we were not successful in finding a single
nest with eggs. The habits and song do not differ from those of liritish
specimens.]
103. [Sylvia atricapilla aberr. heinekeni.
Ijocal name : Touto-vinagreiro.
The Ponta Delgada Museum contains :
II. adult. Ponta Delgada, San Miguel.
A second specimen from the same locality was presented to the P>ritish
Museum.
Major f'haves informs us that this variety of the Blackcap is very rare in the
Azores. I once met with a specimen at Biscoitos, on the north coast of Terceira,
bnt was unable to secure it.]
1"4. Regulus regulus azoricus Seeb.
Ri-fiuhiK irhliilii.i var. n-oricns Seebohm, Hist. Jtril. I!, i. [i. -Ifit (Azores).
ft c?c?, 1 ?, Sta. Jlariii, 4iio— liKKi ft., 27, ii., 2, 3, 4. iii.'1903.
2fi <? ?, San Miguel, '.3iiM—iniiii ft., G— 22. iii. 191(3.
4 a, 9 ? ?, Terceira, lodo—inoii ft., 3, 7, 8. iv. 1903.
7 cf cJ, 7 ? ?, Sap Jorge, KiOO— 2nii(i ft., 2—7. v. 1903.
7 cJc?, o ¥ ?, Pico, 800— 30o();ft., 14—22. v. 1903.
7 c?c?, 1 ?, Fayal, 2ooo— 2r>0() ft., 25—27. v. 1903.
'"' S6, 7 ¥, Flores, 400-2000 ft., 15-18. iv. 1903.
" Jris lirown, bill black ; legs light brown, feet yellowish (yellow, yellowish-
brown)."
The Azorean form of the (Jolderest differs from typical /■lyul/ts in having a
distinctly longer bill. The wing is slightly shorter and the upper surface a shade
darker, but the last character is not ([uite constant.
There is a great variation in the colour of the underside, which is olive-bulf
with a yellow tinge in some, bnt buff, almost whitish, in others. In the large
series from San Miguel every s|ii'(^iiiieu h;is an olive-lmlf uiider-surfiiee. while in
( 120 )
the specimens from the other islands it is paler ami more whitish. This cannot he
a snbspecifio difTerence, because :
(1) A similar variation is soon in other forms tt^ Rcynliix i-iuihIh.s, thongh in
that cast' the dark birds are those shot in antnmn and winter, and the
lifjht ones in spring.
(2) Among the birds from Terceira some are dark, some light.
(:{) The birds from Santa Maria, which is near to San Mignel and farthest
away from the central gronp, are very light, and not at all like the dark
San Mignel birds. The distribution of a dark and light form wonld thus
not be comprehensible.
[Local name : Estrellinha.
Specimens in the Ponta Delgada Museum :
a — c. Ponta Delgada, San Mignel.
The Goldcrest is met with on most of tlie islands, bnt we did not find it
on ( 'orvo, thongh it may possibly occur there, nor was it met with anywhere on
Graciosa. Mr. Filippe Andrade informed me thatdnring his eighteen years" residence
on Graciosa he had twice come across the species on the faya-covered hillocks near
the village of Funchal, on the west side of the island ; bnt we did not meet with
it there, and ])robably the birds seen were accidental stragglers. On the islands
where it occurs its range extends from sea-level to the higliest ground, wherever
the faya and heath bushes flourish, but it is most numerous on the intermediate
slopes. It is very common on Santa Maria, San Miguel, San Jorge, and Flores, but
less niuuerous on Terceira, Pico, and Fayal. In the woods abont Furi;as and Sete
Cidades it abounds, being especially plentiful in the pine woods and clumps of
Cri/ptomeria )a}io>iica. Its habits and notes are perfectly similar to those of our
English Goldcrest. In the middle and end of May some of the birds obtained at
Pico and Fayal were evidently about to breed, for several of the females contained
eggs nearly ready to be laid ; bnt we were never able to And a nest. In the dense
fava-])lantations most freipiented by this species bird-nesting is extremely dittienlt,
and no help is to be had from the natives.
The birds from St. Michael's are of a much yellower tint than those found on
the other islands.]
105. [Hirundo rustica (li.)
The Tonta Delgada Museum contains :
a. Ponta Delgada, San Mignel.
The Common Swallow is a very rare straggler to the Azores.]
HKi. [Chelidou urbica (L.)
The Ponta Delgada Mnsenm <'ontains :
a. Ponta Delgada, San Miguel.
The House-Martin only occurs in the Azores as a very rare straggler.]
biT. Motacilla boarula schmitzi Tseh.
MotaciUK Imiiulit xrhniil-.i Tschnsi, ()niilh..hihrh. xi. p. 22.S (1911(1 -Madeira).
It is after some hesitation that I am using the name given to the Madeiran
form for the'Azorean snbs[iecies. It is very similar to M. hoiinilii hoiiriiln, but the
ear-coverts are extremely dark, the mnnstachial white line is somewhat rediice(l, ;ind
( 121 )
the upper surface more slaty. These are exactly the reasons why the Madeirau form
has been separated, bnt the variability of the Azorean birds is great. The wing
varies from 81 to 88 mm. The third rectrix from the ontside varies in colour. In
the European form it is generally white with a narrow stripe on the inner web and
j)ractic,ally the whole of the outer wcli black. In the Madeirau race it is similar, but
occasionally much blacker, havinj; only a white ]iatch near the tip. In the Azorean
birds it is blacker, specimens like the blackest ones from Madeira usually beiuir not
un<-ommon.
Mr. Grant sent the following series :
1 ¥, 1 sex not marked, Sta. Maria, :}(Mt— 400 ft., 28. ii., 3. iii. lOo:?.
5 c?c?, 3 ? ?, San Miguel, .jijO— 23(10 ft., 11—23. iii. Ifi03.
C> <S(S, 1 ¥, Terceira, 1200—150(1 ft., 31. iii.— G, iv. 10(i3.
2 (Jc?, Graciosa, 22. iv. 1003.
-1 Jc?, 3 ? ?, San Jorge, 1200—200(1 ft., r.— 10. v. 10o3.
2 cJcJ, 1 S, Pico, 1000—2.500 ft., 13-17. v. 1903.
4 (?(?, 2 ? ?, Fayal, 1000—2500 ft., 24—28. v. 1903.
2 (?(?, 3 ¥ ?, Flores, 200—1000 ft., 15—19. iv. 1903.
1 c?, Corvo, 500 ft., 14. iv. 1903.
" Iris brown, bill black ; feet light brown, legs paler than toes."
[Local name: Arveloa or Arvcliuhii Labandeira in Flores, (!orvo, and the
central islands.
The Ponta Delgada Museum contains :
a — I'. Ponta Delgada, San Migmd.
The Grey Wagtail was met witli on every island throughout the Azores,
and occurs from sea-level to an elevation of about 3000 ft., for several pairs
were met with on San .Torge on the pools among the grassy slopes near the base
of one of the highest points. The species was perhaps most numerous on Santa
Maria and Terceira, and least plentiful on Flores, though by no means scarce on
that island.
When we arrived at Santa Maria in the end of February nearly all the
Wagtails collected were found to be in moult, though some of the males had
already assnmed the fnlly black throat charac'teristic of the breeding plumage.
On San Mignel, a few weeks later, several birds with the throat more or less
(■oin]iletely black proved on dissection to be females, and this fact led me tn look
closely into the matter, as I had always believed that the female Grey Wagtail
had the throat entirely white, or white with only a few black feathers. Hy the
middle of March almost all the birds of this species were met with in pairs, and
after shooting a considerable number we found that in many instances the nearly
black-throated birds were females, and that many of those with white throats
were males. In more than one instance a white-throated bird in Hue freshly
moulted plumage i)roved to be a male, and was shot in company with a female
which had a partially black throat. More than one female was ]irocnred with
the throat quite, or almost, as black as that of the full-])Inmaged male. It
would thus appear that some males, probably birds of the year, do not assume
the black throat at their first breeding season ; while certain females, ])robably
very old birds, have a black throat like the old male.
We found a nest of this bird containing four hard-set egg.s on San Jorge on
May 10th, and only one of the eggs c^iuld bo successfidly blown. A second
nest with lour slightly incubated eggs was subse([uently taken on May 27th
( 122 )
below the Caldeira of Fayal. The eggs are whitish with indistinct suffnsed
markings of jiale grey and very pale yellowish-brown ; one of the clutch of
fonr from Fayal is of a more reddish-brown tint.
Clutches procured by Jlr. F. D. Godiuan on San Miguel and Terceira are
ei|iially pale and devoid oi' very delinite markings. Tiie eggs measure 07.") by
n-C— (i-Ol in.
The " Laliandeira," or " Arvelinha," as this bird is called in the Azores, is
regarded with su])erstitious dread by the uatives, aud we were informed that any
boy who was cauglit killing one was severely jjunishod by his parents.]
111--. [Motacilla alba L.
The I'duta Delgada Museum contains:
a. I'onta l)(dgada, San Jligucl.
Major ( 'haves infbrnis us that the above example is the only \\'hite 'Wagtail
known to have occurred in the Azores.]
li>'i. Alauda arvensis cantarella I'p.
Miiiiili, rniitiin-llii Bnnaparte, Irunmir. Famui Jful.. Uirilii, lutrnrl. p. Ti ( 1K41— Italy).
[Specimen in the I'onta Delgada Museum :
". Flores, May l'.M)4.
Tills is the first time tliat a Skylark has been known to occur in the Azores.]
I III. Passerina nivalis (L.).
Emhe.rizti. /linili^ Linnaeus, Si/.tl. X,il, ed. x. p. 17ll (17.08 : " Hal), in alpibus Lapponiae," etc.).
It is somewhat unexpected to find this northern bird in the Azores ; but
Mr. (jrant obtained a female at Sete Cidades on San Miguel on March 27th, I'.HKj^
and he found several specimens in the Ponta Delgada Museum, which were obtained
near that town, jiartly in freshly-moulted autumn plumage, i)artly in worn spring
dress, witli only a few whitish edges to the black feathers of the back.
[Local name : Oaiado.
Specimens in the Ponta Delgada Museum :
". Ponta Delgada, San Miguel.
b. Ribeira (trande, „ „
e. Lagna, „ „
Two specimens nf the Snow-Bnnting fVom I'nrita I'elgada were jiresented to
the British Museum.
We obtained a female at Sete ( 'idades, at the west end of San Miguel, im
March i!7th.
Major Cliaves informed us that this species was reported to breed on the
high ground, but that personally he was inclined in disbelieve this statement;
all the birds we have examineil from the Azores were KiNeil not later than the
end of March or beginning of April.]
111. Fringilla coelebs moreletti Puch.
FriiKiilhi Morrli'll, Puclieran, Itn-. ,t I/,/,,. ,/, /,,,.,l. 18.')'.i. pp. lii'.i.l'J, pi. ltd (.Vzores).
Similar to /•'. r. nidilrrnixi.'i, but differs in having less white on the lateral
rectrices. Ainniig the grand series collected by Mr. (.irani there are only five
( 123 )
or six which approach maderensis in the extent of the white colnnr on the
reetriees, and two which are qnite similai'. The back is more iinifnrm olive-
greenish, not showing' snch a distinct olive-brown saddle in the middle of the
back ; the abdomen is more whitish, and lacks the vinons tinge ; the breast is
generally somewhat more brownish. The bill is sometimes much, generally a
little, larger.
Mr. (irant collected the fidlowing series :
11 S6, 8 ??, Santa Maria, 300— luuij ft.., end of Febrnary and beginning
of March.
2S t?<?, 18 ? ?, Ran Mignel, March 1903.
17 c?t?, 0 ? ?, Terceira, liHill— -..JUIMJ ft., end of March and beginning of April.
11 (?<?, o ? ?, Graciosa, 21—24. iv. 1!)();5.
l-"> cJ'j', 4 ? ?, San Jorge, 12tlO— 2U00 ft., beginning of May.
U cJ (?, i") ? ? , Pico, si)(i_2(lOO ft., second half of May.
10 <?cJ, 5 ? ?, Fayal, KiiHi— auOd ft., April 13th and end of .May.
15 3S, S ? ?, Floras, 4(10—1000 ft., l.J— 19. iv. 1903.
4 c? J, 1 ?, Corvo, .500 ft., 14. iv. 1903.
5 ad. " Iris brown (dark brown) : bill horn-blue (bbiish-horn), tip and edges
black (deep brown) ; legs and feet dark brown (very dark brown, dnll brown)."
[Local name : Tentilhao.
The Ponta Delgada Mnsenm contains :
/(, h. Ponta Delgada, San Mignel.]
The C!haffinch is far the commonest bird in the Azores, and found in every
island from the sea coast to the very highest ground, its numbers gradually
diminishing as the higher altitudes are reached, and as a rule only the oldest and
most brilliantly coloured l>irds are to be seen there.
Though common enough on Graciosa, this species was not nearly so numerous
there as on the other islands. On newly ploughed land enormous flocks were to be
seen, and as a rule the birds were remarkably tame.
The double, triple, or quadruple call-note cin-chi-chi-chr is something like that
of the Madeira bird (F. maderi'iiftis), but distinctly louder and less musical, and
the song is harsher and sung in a lower key. Another note, less frequently
heard, and apparently uttered when the birds are uneasy or alarmed, is singularly
like the call-note of the Bullfinch. When first heard on Terceira, where no
Hnllfinch was known to exist, it caused great excitement, but a long chase over a
bnsh-clad hillside resulted in the death of a male ( Chaffinch and put an end to our
liopes. The first nest was found on April 2.5th, on the side of the (!aldeira of
Graciosa. It was placed in the fork of a small faya-bush three feet from the
ground, and, being only jiartially finished, I had an opportunity of watching the
female at work on the lining. During the first week in May we found a number of
nests on the top of San Jorge, placed in the tall dumps of heath from four to six
feet from the ground. AVhen first found, on May 2nd, some of the nests appeared
to be (piite finished and ready for eggs, and the birds showed great anxiety at our
approach. Mr. Harwood and I revisited these nests ten days later, just before
leaving the island, but did not find a single egg. AVe met with similar bad luck
both on Pico and Fayal, and though some of the females shot on the latter island in
the end of May were evidently breeding, we were never fortunate enough to find a
nest with eggs.
The ]iliuiuige of this species is very pn/.y.liug, and appears to vary considerably
( 124 )
in different individuals of the same sex and age. As it was at tirst thought this
variation luiglit be due to locality, a large series was collected from every island, bnt
we satisfied ourselves that only one somewhat variable form exists. The adult male
birds have the top of the head blue and the back green or blue-green, bnt some
males, probably birds of the year, but with the testes mueh enlarged, have the back
brownish. The amount of white in the outer tail-feathers also varies greatly : most
birds have the two outer pairs of tail-feathers jiartially white, bnt some individuals
liave the outer tail-feathers uniform black, and intermediate forms are met with.
Lastly, in one or two of the finest adult males procured, the rnfous jiinl; of the
chest and breast is shaqily defined from tlie belly, which is jmre white.
The males of this sjiecies may generally be distinguished from the Madeiran
ally by having a innch larger bill, a well-defined light eyebrow stripe, a dark spot
behind the eye and much less white on the outer tail-feathers.]
11'-. Serinus canaria canaria (L.).
Friiigillii Ciwiirm. Linnaeus, S(ist. Nni. eil. .\. p. IKl (175«— " H.ili. in C'anaiiis insulis." Descrip-
tion of the yellow cage-varietj).
fi JcJ, 4 ? ?, Santa Maria, Am ft., 28. ii., I. iii. l'.»o:l
'"< 66, ;")??, San Miguel, :iiiii_,siio ft., (i— 2."). iii. liit)3.
li (Jc?, 6 ? ?, Terceira, 1200—2000 ft., 28. iii. to o. iv. 19o3.
■") c?c?, T) ? ? , Graciosa, 200 ft., 21—24. iv. 190 i.
2 c?c?, 2 ? ?, San Jorge, 1200 ft., 4, 6. v. Itt03.
3 c?c?, 3 ¥ ?, Pico, 1000 ft., 13, 17. v. 1003.
2 66, 2 ? ?, Fayal, 2ooo ft., 2.-), 27. v. l!io3.
!(?,!?, Flores, looo ft., ].->. iv. I'.io:}.
"Iris brown: bill: upper mandible dusky liorn. under mandilih' jialc horn:
legs light brown (horn-colour)."
[I.ocal name : danario.
The Ponta Delgada Musenm contains :
a — ('. Ponta Delgada, San Miguel.
On the eastern and central islands of the group the Canary is more or less
common, but on Flores it is very thinly distributed, being only met with in small
scattered lots, and during onr brief visit to t^orvo only one individual was seen.
The gardens and fields on tlie lower parts of the islands are its iavonrite re.sorts,
and flocks may often be seen feeding on the grassy flats near the sea, while scattered
jiairs a?e also met with during the day on the high heath-clad hills. They are bright,
lively birds, always on the move, the males constantly chasing one another or their
mates, and singing their delightful varied song both when at rest and on the wing.
With u;reatly distended throat and measured erajihatic beats of the wings they pass
like Larks slowly overhead, singing with all their might, and so putted up with self-
importance that they ajipear nearly twice their normal size. The breeding-season
commences early, and on March 2oth we noticed a pair building their nest in a
garden at Ponta Delgada. Young were fonnil on April 17th and 20th at Flores
and (iraciosa" res]iectively, and numeious clut<hes of eggs, some fresh and some
much incubated, as well as young just able to fly, were procured at Pico in the
middle of May. Three ajijiears to be the usual complement of eggs, but some uesta
contained four.
The neativ constructed ucsl of moss, etc., lincil with feallicrs and hair, is
( 125 )
generally ]ilacecl at a height nl' from tea to twenty I'eet from the grounil, and
well concealed among the foliage of some orange tree or faya ; but on the top of
Villa Islet, ott' Sauta Maria, we fouud several pairs breeding in the scrubby growth
witliin a few inches of the ground.
The eggs vary considerably, the ground colour being either i)ale greenish-white
or white tinged with rufous. In some specimens the markings consist of small
blotches, scribblings and iiiegnlar wavy lines with paler underlying cloudy
markings of i)urplish-brown ; others are irregularly covered with small spots and
blotches of jiale j)urplish-red or indistinct small markings and spots of light red,
while in yet another type the markings are scarcely perceptible. The measurements
vary from 0-66 — U"T6 x 0'47 — (J'oo in.]
113. Acanthis cardiielis parva (Tsch.).
Cardiirlis canliii'lis imrni, Tsclausi, Oiii. MumiUber. ItlOI, p. lu".l (" suilliclit Form"— typ. loc.
Madeira !)
3 ? ?, San Miguel, '^4, L'H. iii. I'.Mi:?.
o f?(?, 4 ? ¥, Terceira, 3—6. iv. 1003.
" Iris brown ; bill whitisii horn, dark at lip; legs light iiorn-brown."
Said to have been introduced to the Azores. If tiiis is proved, it must iiave
conje fnmi Madeira, as the form inhabiting the Iberian Peninsula is not [larca
(cf. ViKj. iial. Fauna j). 69, Nos. lUO, 1 Itl).
[Local name : Pintasilgo.
Tiu' Ponta Delgdda Museum contains :
«, /;. ad., Ponta Delgada, San Miguel.
Can/aelis cardiidis X Svrinus canariax.
a. ad., Ponta Delgada, San Miguel.
The Goldfinch is fairly common on San Miguel in the neighbourhood of
Ponta Delgada and in the Reguinho district of Terceira, above the town of Angra.
According to Major t'haves the species has been introduced by the liberation of
birds brought from Madeira.
1 found two nests in the garden of the (juinta da Nasce Agua at Heguinho in
the beginning of April, one situated in a faya-tree and the other on the branch of
a liine, but neither of them contained any eggs U|) to tiie date of our leaving the
island on April lOth.]
114. Pyrrhula pyrrhula muriua (iodm.
Pi/rrl'iil(i iimrhiit Uuilmau, Ihis ISCiO, p. 07, |)l. vii. (San Miguul).
10 S ? skins, 2 c?? in spirits, near Purnas, San Miguel, IT, '^■i. iii., and April
I'.Hili. '• Iris brown, bill black ; legs brown, or ver\' dark lioru-browii."
[Local name : Priolo.
Specimens in the Ponta Delgada Musciun :
a, h. ad. Furnas, San Miguel.
This Bullfinch, by far the most interesting bird met with in the Azores,
though plentiful enough when first discovered by Mr. (iodnian. is now very scarce,
and its e.xterminatiou is probably only a matter of a few years. Its range was
ajjparently always a very restricted one, being limited to the eastern portion of San
Miguel, where it frequents certain wooded banks to the north of Furnas and alinnl
( 126 )
Pivvoavfio. Jfiijor Cliaves iiit'oniieil us that lurmcrly hr liiul scut luiiiiy skins of tliis
bird to the various rausenms in Enroi^, Imt that of late years he had been unable
to jirocure any more specimens, and he feared that we were hardly likely to be
successful in our (juest.
I'urinj,' our visit to Furnas we tlierclbrc worked very hard to obtain siisciiuens,
and jirocnred the assistance of a local irnnner to show us the ground where the
Bnllfinch was known to occur. Our first day willi hira resulted in nothing: but
late in the afternoon of the following day, after again traversing all the steep banks
covered with tali pine trees and faya, Mr. llarwood and 1 heard a note, which
could onlv be that of tlie bird we were looking for. An imitation of the call was
Tliu home of the r.iilIfinL-)i. Above tliu lake ut' F^lIaa^,
San Migufl.
at once returned, and in a few seconds a pair srtth'd in a pine tree dvcr our heads,
and were bagged withont any dilticulty. In the tlesh the male looked considerably
larger than the female; tlie latter had the ovary well (levelo]ied, ami would
probably have begun to lay in a few days. We subscipiently. with the helj> of
local aid, jirocnred a snuill scries of skins, but our ettbrts to find a nest were not
successful, furiously enough, the eggs appear tube unknown, and Major Chaves
has never been able to procnre a set for the Ponta Delgada Museum.
According to local information this Bnllfinch is always met with in pairs, and
our limited experience indicates that this statement is correct. Tliough once very
common, its raids on the flowers of the peach trees have caused its wholesale
slaughter by the natives. Senhor Jcronynui, of the Hotel in Furnas, told us that
he conld remember tlie time when it was no uncommon sight to see twenty or more
( lav )
of tbe.se birds at one time on a jieach tree ; ami he said that the local gunners, who
all know the " Priolo " well, attribute their rapid disappearance to some disease,
which killed them off, rather than to the shooting of them. However this may be,
the fact remains that this very local bird must soon disappear, and, as there seemed
no chance of saving them from the fruit-farmer, we i'elt no compunction in securing
such specimens as we met with.]
llii. Chloris chloris aurantiiventris (Cab.)
Lii/nriiiiix (lurn.ntiiccntri'i Cabanis Mii.^. Ileni. i. (j. I."i8 (185IJ : South Fraucu).
7 SS,'-l ? ?, Kan Mignel, near Ponta Delgada.
Introduced, probably from Tortuuiil.
[Local name : Verdilhao.
Sjiecimens in tlie Ponta Delgada Museum :
a, b. Ponta Uelgada, San Mignel.
This species was only met with on San Miguel in the neighbourhood of Ponta
Delgada, where we found it fairly common in some of the larger gardens.
Major Chaves informed us that it had been iiitiodnced comparatively recently,
and that he believed the original stock had been brought from Portugal.]
ll'i. [Petronia petronia (L.).
The Ponta Delgada Musenm contains :
a. ad. Lagoa, San Mignel.
According to Major Chaves the Rock-Sparrow is a very rare straggler to the
Azores.]
11 T. Oriolus oriolus (L.).
Ciii<iciti>: iiriiihiii Liunaeu.«, Si/^t. Nut. ud. x. p. Iu7 (ITiJS— "Hab. in Europa, Asia." Typical
locality, Sweden).
[The Ponta Delgada Museum contains :
a. ad. Hibeira Grande, San Miguel.
A male killed at Ginetes, San Mignel, was jiresented to the British Museum.
]\[ajor Chaves informs us that the Golden Ori<jle is a rare straggler to the
Azores.]
11'^. Sturnus vulg'aris grauti Hart.
SiiiriiKs nihjiiris ijiinil, Hartert, I'w/. jiul. /•',,„«„, p. J:.! ( l'.lo:i— Azores. Type J Xo. 44i;, Graciosa).
Very similar to S. i'i//t/ari.-i iy//(/iir/s, but (he first j)rimary still more ri'duccd,
about 2 mm. shorter. The bill is less wide, often very short, and generally sniailer.
The legs have the tendency to be small. Colours as in our Starling.
1 ? , Santa Maria, 3(M) ft., 27. ii. I'.hk!.
2 S<?, 3 ? ?, San Miguel, 300 ft., '.), Id. iii. l'J03.
1 J, 1 ?, Terceira, 1200 ft., 9. iv. 19o3.
2 cJc?, Graciosa, 22. iv. 1003.
1 £?, 2 ? ?, San Jorge, 120(i ft., 1). v. l'.Mi3.
1 S,-~ ? ?, Pico, 1000 ft., 21. V. l'.Hi3.
1 ?, Fayal, 10(10 ft., 20. v. l'.»03.
( 128 )
•J 6S, Flores, oOii t't., IT. iv. imiH.
1 cf, Coi-vo, .iOO ft., 14. iv. I9ii3.
■' Iris brown, l)ill yellow, |pgs liglit reildisli liiuwii."
[Local name : Est.orninlio.
Sjiecimuns ia tlie I'oiita Delgada Mnsoiuii :
a—r. Ponta Uelgada, fSan Miguel.
i/. (albino) Flores.]
[The Starling is a fairly roiunion bin! throiiglioiit liic wiiole group, especially
ou the lower cultivated ground, but above an elevation of about '2i)iMi ft. it was
rarely seen. Its habits did not ajjpear to differ in any respect from those of the
English bird, but some of the notes, or rather noises, made by the males were very
remarkably diflfercnt tVoni any we iuid ever heard uttered l)y N. c/i/i/^ir/.s. One call
es])ecia]ly was most extraordinary, lieing a prolonged high-]iitclieil rattle, impos-
sible to describe. We could not guess what sounds the bird was trying to
imitate ; jirobably it is one of the natural calls. Their nest is, as usual, placed in
very varied positions. On t'orvo numbers of birds were breeding in April in the
low loose stone walls surrounding the fields ; lint on Villa Islet, off the coast
of Santa Maria, on June 1st, we found many nests jilaced on the ground under
heaps of loose stones, and containing fresh eggs or young birds, four to five in
number. The eggs resemble those of the Common Starling.]
11 '.I. [Corvus corone L.
Coroiis corar Simroth, Anh.f. Xntiiiij. i. p. IH!) (1888).
The Ponta Delgada Museum contains :
a. ad. Arrifes, near Ponta Delgada, San Miguel.
The Carrion Crow occurs as a rare visitor to the Azores.]
120. Corvus frugilegus L.
[The Ponta Delgada Museum contains :
a. ad. I'onta Delgada, San Jlignel.
Jlajor Chaves says that the Rook occasionally appears in flocks.]
ion
[Since the above was set u]) Major F. A.Chaves has forwarded tor identificat
two examples of No. 4() (p. liiTi), 'riinijn iiKnitimn, from San Miguel, as well as tin:
following species, which is new to the Azores :
l2l. (4iiA.) Triuga fuscicoUis Vieill.
a. S imni. San Miguel :il. x. r.i(i4.]
( 129)
NEUE AETHIOPISCHE RHOPALOCERA DES KGL.
MUSEUMS FUR NATURKUNDE IN BERLIN.
Von J[AX BARTEL.
DURCH den Direktor des Kgl. Musenras fiir Natni-knnde in Berlin, Herru
Gehcimi-at Prof. Dr. Miibins, ist es mir in liebenswiirdigster Weise
gestattet worden, die in der Mnseumssammlnng zahlreich vorliandenen ncnen
Tagialter zu beschreiben. Icli beschriinke mich im naehfolgenden nic.ht aiif die
Keuntlichmaehnng der nenen Arten nnd Formen, sondern bringe aueh hier nnd
da Notizen iiber die Variabilitiit und Verbreitung wenig bekannter Arten uud
in wenigen Fiilleu anoh die Feststellung der 8ynonymie verkannter Formen. Da
es mein grcisstes Bestreben war, die nenen Arten mit den niichsten bekannten
Verwandten derselben zu vergleichen und die Unterschiede von denselben genau
anzngeben, wird eine Ergiinzung der Aurivillins'schen Ubersichten der Arten
iiberfliissig sein. Die Reihenfolge und Nomeuklatur der Gattungen ist die der
Anrivillius'schen Rhopalocera aetkiopica ; kleine Abweichungen wurden auf Grand
der neuesten Arbeit von Dr. AValter Rothschild nnd Dr. K. Jordan (" Lepidoptera
collected by Oscar Neumann in North-East Africa," in Nocitates Zoologicac,
vol. X. 1903, pp. 491^542) angenommeu. Bei einzeluen Arten musste ich auf das
letzte Heft der Deutsch. Ent. Zeitschr. Iris (Dresden, Bd. xvii. Heft i. 1904)
zuriickgreifeu, in dem Herr Snffert eine grosse Anzahl von neuen afrikanischen
lii^pidopteren benannt hat. Es ist hier nicht der Ort, nachznpriifen, welche von
den beschriebenen Tieren wirklich nen sind ; ich kann aber nicht umhin, meino
grosste Verwunderung auszudriicken, dass in der Iris eine Arbeit aufgenommen
werdcn konnte mit einer so kuriosen Namengebung, wie sie in der gesamten
entomologiscben Litteratur wohl einzig dasteht — es linden sich nilmlich ueben
einer Unzahl vrdlig sinnloser Namen auch solche, die nach uamliaften— Koni-
poniston gebiklet worden sind. Nicht besonder.s anfifiiUig kann es nnter diesen
Umstilnden auch sein, dass Herrn Suffert's Nomenklatnrgesetze iiber jeden Zweifel
erhaben siud ; es werden da alle Formen, gleich wie ob aberrative oder dimorphe,
ausuabmslos als Subspezies aufgefiihrt.
DANA! DAE.
1. Amauris hecate Bntl. ?-f. reducta nov.
?. Von der Fiirbnng des (J. Weisse Fiirbung im Basalfelde der Hinterfliigel
eingeschriinkt, wie beim <S , auf der Unterseite noch geringer als dort.
Fliigelspannung : 77 mm.; Vorderfliigelliinge : 43 mm. (?).
Kamerun (Victoria, von Preuss).
SATYRIDAE.
2. Elymnias phegea F. ab. angustata nov.
?. Schriigbinde der Vorderfliigel schmuler als gewOhnlich, heller, gelblicli
angeflogen. Der grosse branne Innenrandsteil i.st auf eineii miissig grosscn
9
( i-"o )
Fleck uiitc'i- (leiu untercn Teilc der .Schriigbinde rednziert. Branne Filrbniig anf
den Hinterfliigein gleichfalls sehr eiugeschriiiikt, im obeveu Teile tritt sie fleck-
oder bindenartig anf, der nntere breite Inneurandsteil ist brann besprenkelt.
Unterseite mit iihnliclien Merkmaleu wie die Oberseite.
Fliigelspannung : 77 mm.; Vorderfliigelliiiige : 42 mm. (?).
Karaernn (Barombi Station, von Prenss).
3. Melanitis libya nyassae nov. snbsp.
Anssenrand der Vorderfliigel anf Ader 5 abgestnrapft, wie bei gewisseu
M. leda L. Oberseite der Fliigel schmntzig gran, uicht branngran. Der breite
schwarze Apikalwisch der Vorderflilge] ist sehr eingeschriinkt, kanm wahrnehmbar.
Die weissen Flecke sind nm § kleiner als gewuhnlich, beim ? etwas grosser
als beim c?, schwach lilan angeflogen. Unterseite ganz zeicliiinugslos, beim i
dicht gran besprenkelt, beim ? am Vorder- nnd Anssenrande gelb, am Vorderrande
(Vorderwinkel) sehr ansgedebnt, Im Anssenfelde stehen kleine weisse Pniikt-
fleckchen.
Flugelspannnng : S (51, ? 68 mm.; Vorderfliigelliiuge : 33, bezw. 30 mm.
N. Nyassa-See (Langenbnrg, S am 2. Jannar I'.HJU, von FuUeborn).
4. Gnophodes chelys F. ?-f. iris nov.
Niihert sich der Stammform mehr als der ab. havjM Karsch, da der Apikal-
fleck der Vorderfliigel weiss ist. Die ganze Fliigelfljiche wird mit Ansnahme
des Randes von violettblanem Schiller eingenommen, der typischen ? vi'illig fehlt.
Flligels])annnng : 78 ; Vorderflugellange : 38 mm. ( ? ).
Kamernn (Hinterland, Jaunde-Station, von Zenker).
5. Mycalesis (snbg. Bicyclus) bicolor nov. spec.
Ganz nahe der M. heioitsoni Donmet stehend, nnd mit iilinlicher aber
etwas lichterer Grnudfarbe. Die Schriigbinde der Vorderfliigel ist licht blan,
ins violette ziehend, nach anssen breit weiss angelegt. Sie ist viel breiter als
bei der genannten Art und zeigt anch einen ganz anderen Verlanf, da sie sich
vom Zcllenschlnsse etwas entfernt nud viel weiter answiirts am Vorderrande
endigt. Der Kanm hinter dieser Binde ist nicht dnnkelgran, sondern lichtgran
angelegt ; in ihm stehen iiber Ader 4 drei schwarze Piinktchen. Hinterfliige]
iihnlich wie bei M. hewitsoiri ; das Blan liings des Aussenraudes zeigt denselben
Ton wie anf den Vonlorfliigen : nach nnten zn ist es vcrschmiilert, naeh olieii
geht es mehr in die Grnndfarbe iiber. (ianz alnveischend ist anch der Verlanf
der Begrenzung des dunklen Basalteiles der Vorderfliigel anf der Unterseite ;
cr ist bogenfnrmig, wiihrend er bei J/. Iicwitt^oni gerade verliinft. Das
Anssenfeld ist fast ganz weisslich, schwach blilnlich schillernd, am Rande nnd
im inneren, nnteren Tcile lichtgran gemischt. Der grosse Angenfleck in Zelle 2
fehlt ganz ; in Zelle 0 ist ein kleiner Angenfleck, nnd darnntcr cin winzig
kleiner vorhanden. Anch die Wellenlinie fehlt anf den Vordcrfliigeln ganz,
wiihrend sic anf den Hinterfliigein schw.ich aiigedentet ist. Diese sind sonst
denen der genannten Art iilinlich. Die dnnkie Mittcllinie ist ganz gerade,
nicht gewellt. Anssere Fliigelhillfte einfiirraiger, ain Vorderrande nnd im
( 131 )
obereii Teile dcs Anssenrandes weisslich. Die Angenflecke sind bedeutcnd
kleiner, die in den Zellen 3 bis 5 nnr angedentet. Palpen lichter. Dnrcli die
vcrschieden verlanfende, zweifarbige, breitere Scbriigbinde der Vorderfliigfl, die
gebogcne Linie hinter der Mitte derselbcn nnterseits, das weisslicbe Aiisseiif'eld,
den Mangel des grossen Augenfleckes in Zelle 2 etc. wird diese Art leirht von
M. hpwitsoni getrennt.
Fltigelspannung : 57 mm. ; Vorderfliigelliinge : 31 mm. (c?).
Kamernn (Hinterland, Jannde-Stat., von Zenker).
6. Mycalesis (snbg. Bicyclus) subocellatus no v. spec.
Fliigel oberseits iihnlich wio bei ^^. lic/cifsoiii Doumet, docli ist die Form
der Fliigel eine breitere nnd kiirzere. Blane Binde der Vorderfliigel gerade
(nicbt gebogen) verlanfend, breiter, besonders nach oben, nacb anssen weisslicb
gemisclit. Angenflecke oder dnnkle Pnnkte sind auf den Vorderfliigeln nicbt
vorbanden. Der Anssenrand ist etwas geschweift. Blan der Hinterfliigol im
oberen Teile ausgedebnter. Anf der Unterseite der Vorderfliigel verliinft die
dnnkle Begrenzung des inneren Fliigelteiles gerade. Anssenfeld weisslichgran,
violett scliillernd, ahnlich wie bei der vorbeschriebenen Art. Zelle 6 mit kleinem
weissen, licbt branngran umzogenen Fleckcben, Zelle 2 mit etwas grcisscrem,
nocb weiss nmgiirtetem. Hinterfliigelmittellinie gerade verlanfend, answiirts
breiter licht begrenzt als bei den beideu verwandten Arten. Zelle G nahe des
Vorderrandes mit grosserem dnnklen, weiss gekernten Angenflecke ; derselbe ist
gclblicb, dann branngran nmgiirtet nnd steht in einem licbt bliinlicben Ringe.
Ihm folgen nacb nnten 4 weisse, brann nmrandete Pnnktflecke, von denen der
oberste dentlicb weiss gekernt ist. Vor dem Innenwinkel steben zwei kleine
scbwarze, weiss gekernte und gelb gerandete Angenflecke. Die licbte Bescbnppnng
am Vorderwinkel weniger ansgedebnt ; sonst der vorbescliriebenen Art iihnlicb.
Diese nene Art nnterscbeidet sich von ^1/. Inucitxnni dun-b die breitere blane,
answiirts weisslicb gemiscbte, verschieden verlanfende Binde der Vorderfliigel, den
Mangel jeglicber Augenpnnkte oder Flecke anf der Oberseite, die sebr kleinen
Angenfleckcben anf der Unterseite derselben, ferner dnrcb die Angenflecke der
Hinterfliigel, deren oberer, ebenso wie die beiden Analflecke sehr klein sind,
wiihrend die iibrigen nnr in der Form weisser Pnnkte anftreten, ancli in Zelle 2,
wo bei den verwandten Arten ein iiberans grosser scbwarzer Augenfleck
vorbanden ist. Von il/. hirolor wird sie dnrcb dieselben Merkmale getrennt ;
diese Art ist dann nocb dnreh die zweifarbige Binde der Vorderfliigeloberseite,
nnten dnrcb die gebogene Mittellinie, sowie den Mangel des Angeufleckes in
Zelle 2 der Vorderfliigel ansgezeicbnet.
Fliigelspannnng : 57 mm. ; Vorderfliigelliinge: 30 mm. (<?).
( 'entral-Afrika (C s. Br., 22—26° ii. L. v. Gr., von P. Pogge, 9. Jannar).
7. M. (subg. Bicyclus) iccius Hew. ab. transiens nov.
Die blane Binde der Vorderfliigel ist fast nm die Hiilfte sebmiiler als bei
typischen Exemplaren, erreicht jedocb nocli Ader 1. Anf der Unterseite der Fliigel
sind alle Angenflecke gleicbmiissig, sebr klein, keiner von ibnen ist scbwarz.
Fliigelspannnng : (50 mm. ; Vorderfliigelliinge : 33 mm. (c?).
Kamernn (Hinterland, Jaunde-Station, von Zenker).
( 13-' )
8. Mycalesis dubia Aur.
Das S dieser Art ist oben eiufiirbig dunkel, obne Zeicbniing, nacb dem
Kande etwas aufgebellt. Hinterfliigel obne Sammetfleck und obne Pinsel in
Zelle 1 r. Ader 7 dersclben entspriugt etwas niiber an G als an 8. Inncnraud der
Vorderfliigel obne lange Bebaarnng. Die Unterseite ist ciutonigcr als beim ?,
sebr dunkel, besonders anf den Hinterfliigeln, die fast einfarbig erscbeinen. Das
dnnkle Mittelfeld der Yorderfliigeln answjirts nicbt so stark zapfenartig vordringend.
Vorderrand nicbt bell bescbuppt ; nur eiu kleiner licbter Fleck zwiscben den
beiden Aiigenflecken der Vorderfliigel ist vorbandcn. llittelteil der Hinterfliigel
nicbt scbarf begrenzt. Anzabl der Augenflecke wie beim ¥ . docb siud diesehben
sebr diister nnd anf den Hinterfliigeln wesentlicb kleiner.
Fliigelspannnng : 40 mm. ; Yorderfliigelliiuge : 18 mm. (c?).
Quimbundo (von Fogge).
9. M. asochis Hew.
Ein ? des Berliner Mnsenms weicbt dadnreb ab, dass der Angenfleck in
Zelle 3 der Hinterfliigelnnterseite feblt.
10. M. (snlig. MonotricMis) madates Hew.
Eiu cJ ans Kamernn (Barombi-Stat. beim Elef.-See von Zenner) weicbt
von Togo c? dadnreb ab, dass es oberseits vie! dnnkler gefarbt ist, aber ancb
nnterseits dnrcb sebr diisteres Anssebon sicb auszeichnet.
Fliigellspaunnng : 39 mm. ; Vorderfliigelliinge : 18 mm.
11. M. (snbg. Monotrichtis) dorothea <'r.
Diese Art bat docb entgegen der Angabe Anrivillins (f'/ioj>. Arf//. p. K.
n. 33) einen Haarpinsel in Zelle G der Hinterfliigel ; derselbe ist aber diiiinc
als bei den c? anderer Arten.
r
12. M. (snbg. Monotrichtis) ploetzi nov. spec.
M. rhcmklustrnma Aur. (non Karsch), Ent. TUldr. 14. p. 207 (Ift'.l.'i) ; id., Rliff. Aeth. p. 52.
no. 35 (1898).
Die schon dnrch das Citat kenutlicb gemacbte Artkann nicbt mit J/, sophrosijne
Pliitz identiscb sein, da die Bescbreibnng dieser letzteren in keiner Hinsicht
sicb daranf anwcnden liisst, z. B. kommen folgende von Plotz bervorgebobene
Mcrkmale bei ibr nicbt vor : " das vor dem Sanme aller Fliigel ziebende, matte
Band, auf den Vorderfltigeln stebt vor der Spitze ein kurzes mattes Qnerband,
an dessen Enden in Zelle 2 ein dnnkler Angenfleck stebt. Die Sanmbiilfte der
Fliigel bat nnterseits mit dem Sanme glcicblanfend eine Reibe licbter rnnder
Flecke, ferner (mit Ansnabrae der Zellcn 1 nnd (i der Hinter- nnd 5 der
Vorderfliigel) zum Teil in den Zellen bellbranue Ringe." Ferner erwiibnt Plritz
nicbts von dem fiir diese Art sebr cbarakteristiscben iiberans grossen scbwarzen
Wische der Vorderfliigel des S , dnrch den die Art der M. istaria Plotz nabe
kommt. Sie nnterscbeidet sicb ansser die.sem (von Anrivillins bereits bervor-
gebobenen) Merkmale in folgenden Pnnktcn : Der klcine Angenfleck in Zelle 5 der
Vorderfliigel feblt. Sanmlinie der Hinterfliigel kanm wahrnehmbar; dnrcb den
( 133 )
abweicheudeii Verlaul' dei' Uegreuzmig des duuklen Innenteiles der Vorder-
fiiigelunterseite, die verschiedene Fiirbuug der Ausseufelder und die in Zalil luid
GiOsse sehr verschiedenen Aiigenflecke derselbeu. Die Begrenzuiig der dunkleu
Fiirbung ist anf den Vorderfltigeln stark gebogen, auf den Hinterfliigelu nicht
gerade abgescbnitten, sondern uuregelmiissig, im oberen Teile wurzelwiirts
gezackt. Anssenfekl viel dunkler, uach iunen nicht so lickt begreuzt. Augenfleck
der Zelle 2 der Vorderfliigel iiberaus gross, schwarz, stark weiss gekernt nnd
breit gelb gerandet. Nahe der Flligelspitze beider Fliigel steheu zwei kleine
gleicbfarbige Augeuflecke ; ilinen folgeii auf den Hiuterfliigeln nach nuten zwei
kleine gelbe Piinktchen. Zelle 2 der Hinterfliigel ebenfalls mit sehr grossem
Aiigenflecke ; am Analwinkel treten zwei kleinore auf.
FliigelsiJanuung : 42 mm.; Vorderfliigellilnge : 22 mm. (c?).
N.-Kamerun (Johann-Albrecbtshohe, 21. April 1896, von L. Conradt).
13. M. (subg. Monotrichtis) fuelleborni nov. spec.
Nahe verwandt mit M. danckelmanni Rgh., doch in folgenden Punkten von
derselben verschieden : Aussenteil der Vorderfliigel nicht so stark aufgehellt,
mit kleinereu, nngekernten und daher wenig hervortretenden Augenfleckeu. Das
(lunkle Mittelteil nicht so scharf abgescbnitten, nach unten gerade verlaufend.
Auf den Hiuterfliigeln hebt sich die Begrenznng des Innenteilea nur sehr
schwacb von dem wenig helleren Aussenteil ab. Der Haarpinsel am Vorderrande
der Mittel^elle ist schwiichcr und nicht gelb, sondern rauchbrauu gefiirbt, der
Tinsel der Zelle (i ist hingegeu wesentlich stiirker, von schwarzer, nicht
gelbbriiunlicher Farbe. Ader 1 der Vorderfliigel mit liinglichem licbten Mehlflecke
in der Mitte (bei M. danckelmanni sind 2 kleinere Mehlflecke bei ^ und vor §
der Liinge von Ader 1 vorhanden). Anf der iihnlich gezcichueten Uuterseite
wt'irht der dnnkle, schwarzbraune Inncnteil dadurch al), dass der Vorderrand der
Vorderfliigel grau besprenkelt ist ; die Mittelzelle derselben wird von einem
grauen Streifen in der Mitte dm-chquert. Basal- nnd Innenrandsteil der Hinter-
fliigel gleichfalls grau bestiiubt, am intensivsten der letztere. Ersterer mit einer
uudeutlicheu lichtgraueu Fleckeureihe. Die iiusseru Begrenzuug des dunkleu
Teiles driugt uach obeu baucbig vor. Aussenteil violettgrau, gelb gemischt
und grau besprenkelt. Der Augenfleck der Zelle 2 der Vorderfliigel ist braun
(nicht gelb) umgiirtet ; an Stelle des oberen Fleckes steht nur ein weisser
I'unkt. Submiirginallinie sehr luideutlich, nicht gezackt ; aiif den Hinterfliigelu
ist sie deutlich, aber schwiicher gezackt als bei J/, danckelmanni. Hier sind nur
die drei unteren Angenflecke deutlich ; sie sind schwarz, schwach weiss gekernt und
gelblich geringelt ; sie sind aber sehr kleiu ; alle iibrigen Angenflecke warden
nur durch weisse I'uukte vertreten, von denen der oberste braun umgiirtet ist.
Fliigelspanuung : 45 mm. ; Vorderfliigelliinge : 21 mm. (Jj.
N. Nyassa-See (Langenburg, Wangermannshohe, Anfang August 1899, von
Dr. F. Fiilleborn).
14. Pseudonympha cassius God. ab. triocellata nov.
Wie r. cassias God., Hinterfliigel jedoch mit 3 Augenfleckeu in den
Zelleu 2-4.
Fliigelspannung : 37 mm.; VorderfliigelUinge : 1^ mm. {S , ¥ j.
Natal (Marburg, von Bachmauu).
( 134 )
15. Ypthima albida argentata nov. subsji.
Y. albida Sbarpe, Pi: Z„ul. S. hmd. 1894. p. 330. t. I'J. f. 4.
Eine iiberaus interessante Form der soiiderbareii Y. albiila liiitl. uiid wie
diese vou silberweisser Grundforbe der Flugel. Wiihrend dort die Vordertliigel
fast ganz ungezekhuet sind mid uur einen partiellen Apikalaugeufieck Labeu,
fiihren sie bei der albida argentata eia sehr grosses schwarzes, doppelt blau-
gekerntcs Ajjikalauge, etwa wie bei )'. doleta Kirb. Dassidbe ist jedoch scbmiller
gelb umzogeii ; Aussenriug schuial, schwilrzlich. Aussenraud breit schwiirzlicli
beschuppt, besonders im Apikalteile ; im uiiteren Telle voq lic.htun ScLiup])en
getcilt, uabe des Innenrandes verloschen werdend. Zwischen dem Rande mid
dem Ai)ikalaiige ist diistere Bescbui)[)uug in die Griiiidfarbe eingestreut. Vurder-
raud der Vorderfiiigel, Aus.seiirand der hiuteren, sowie Basis beider Flugel
dunkel besprenkelt. Hiutcrfliigel mit ziemlicb grossem Aiigenfleck iu Zelle ~ ;
derselbe stimmt in der Farbiing mit dem der Vorderfiiigel iibereiii, ist aber imr
midentlicb gekernt. Nalie des Aualwiukels steht nocb eiu ganz kJeiuer, uudeiit-
licher Aiigenfleck. Unterseite der von ]'. albida albida Butl. sebr iibnlicli, jedoch
etwas lichter ; die weisseu Schiippeu stellenweise sehr angehiiiil't. Hiuterfliigel
unten mit deutlicher, breiter, duukler Mittelbiiide.
Fliigelspannuiig : 35mm.; VorderflUgellilnge : lb mm. (1 S).
Tanganyika-See (Niarugengi Ruanda, 1~. Miirz 1898, vou Hiisemaun).
10. Y. albida occidentalis miv. subsp.
Wie vorige Form, Grundfarbe jedoch mehr ins blane zieliend. Ausseurand
der Vorderfiiigel nicht deutlich schwarz abgeschnitten. Die Grnndfjirbuug
erscheint etwas schmutzig, so dass diese Form die duukelste aller 1'. albida-
Rassen seiu diirfte. Auf den Hinterfltigelu ist uoch in Zelle 3 ein kleiuer
Augenfleck vorhaudon. Unterseite mit drei doppelt bis dreimal grOsseren Augen-
flecken als bei albida ai-(/enfata. Das ? (das bei den anderen Formeu noch
iinbekannt ist) miterscheidet sich vom S dadnrcb, dass die Grundl'arbe weisslich,
sehr stark durcb dunkle Atome verdtistert ist. Die gelbe Umrandung des
Augcnfieckes ist breiter als beiin S ; sonst ist das ? dem S sehr iihnlich.
Unterseite der Fliigel stark gelb bestreut.
Fltigelsimnunng : i 38, ? 30 mm. ; Vorderfiiigelliiuge : I'.i bezw. 18 mm.
N.-Kamerau (Bangwe, luoo m., Mitte Jiini— Juli 181)1), von G. Courad
gesammelt).
IT. Y. albida uniformis nov. siibsp.
Von alien Formen der }'. albida, Butl. dadurch verschiedeu, (hiss der grosse
Augenfleck der Vorderfiiigel vollstjiadig fehlt. Die gauze Fiiigelfliiche ist silber-
weiss; uur der basale Toil des Vorderrandos uud ein iiberaus schmaler Apikal-
(Aussenrands)-Teil der Vorderfiiigel, ferner der Innenrand der Hiuterfiiigel sind
dunkel bestiiubt. Hiuterfiiigel uur mit einem winzig kleinen Auge in Zelle 2.
Unterseite der von albida aryentata gauz iihnlich. Mittelbinde der Hiuterfiiigel
jedoch nicht so deutlich hervortreteud wie dort.
Fliigelsjiauuung : 40 mm.; Vorderfiiigelliiuge: 20 mm. (J).
Ceutral-Afrika (6° s. Br., 2'Z — 20° 0. L. v. Gr., 25. Januar, von P. I'ogge
gesammelt).
( l:i5 )
NYMPHALIUAE.
IS. Salamis cacta languida uov. subsp.
Salamis cacta cacta F., die audi iu Ost-Afrika vorkommt, zeichuet sich iu
beiden Gescblecbterii durch sebr iutensiven violetteu Scbiller aus. Bei eineiu
¥ feblt derselbe vollstiiudig ; nur die Adern der Hiaterfliigel sind lila aiigeflogon.
Die Filrbung des mittleren Teiles der Vorderfliigel ist ferner nicbt brann,
soudern ockergelb ; die schwarze Filrbung ist weniger iutensiv. Ancb die Grnnd-
i';irbung der HiuterliCigel ist graubraun, gelbbraua bestreut. Die Fiirbuug und
Zeicbuung der Uuterseite will icb nicbt naber bescbreiben, da dieselbe ja bei
alleu blattnacbabmendeu Arteu sehr grossea Veranderuugeti uuterwort'en ist.
Bei dem einzigea Exemplar der iu Rede steheudeu Form ist sie durchgebends
scbmutzigbraun, vur dem Aussenrande der Vorderfliigel nicbt heller, mit ziemlicb
deutlicben Zeicbuuugen.
Fliigelspannuug : 06 mm.; Vorderflugellange : 38 mm. (1 ?).
Ostliches Central-Afrika (Wald nordwestlicb von Ru Ussorori, 21. Jnni 1891,
von Fr. Stuhlmauu gesammelt).
19. Hypolimnas dubius Palisot ab. latepicta nov.
Die grosse Variabilitiit dieser Art verauscbaulicbt am besteu die Reibe der
benannten Formen, die Anrivillius anffiibrt. Zu erwabnen ware noch, dass von
der ab. mima Trimeu Ofters aucb Stiicke mit weisslicbem Wurzelteil der
Hinterfliigel vorkommen.
Zwei Stiicke (von N.-Kameriin, Jobann-Albrecbtsbube, <$ am 2. Mai l>l9iJ,
? am 27. Mai 189(3 von L. Conradt gesammelt) sind sebr aufiallig dadurcb
ansgezeicbnet, dass zwiscben Ader 2 und dem Innenrande ausgedehnt licbte
Bescbuppung auftritt und zwar ist dieselbe beim S vorberrscbeud gelb, nur
nacb ausseu bliiulicb und weiss angelegt, beim ¥ vorberrscbend bliiulicb, iu
der innereu Hiilfte von gelb Uberdeckt. Diese Form unterscbeidet sich auch
dadurcb von alien iibrigcn Formen sehr auffallig, dass die weisseu Flecke der
Subapikalreibe der Vorderfliigel sehr stark verbreitert sind, besonders beim ?,
wo sie uacb aussen blau begrenzt erscheiueu. Beim <S ist die Ausdebnung
dieser Flecke nicbt so stark und nacb ausseu zn durch Vorhaudensein dnnkler
Schuppea beiutriicbtigt. Auf der Unterseite debut sich diese Subapikalbinde
bei beiden Gescblecbteru bis znm Aussenrande aus, was nicbt einmal bei der
sebr brcit gebiindertcu a,h.//rucei Butl. vorkommt. Diese Form ist also biureichend
vou alien benannten Formen ansgezeicbnet, um einen eigeneu Namen zu
verdienen und mochte ich sie deshalb als ab. latejjicta benenneu.
Zwei weitere Stiicke von //. dubius Palisot, aus derselben Lokalitiit wie die
vorbenannten stammeud (c? am 29. Juni, ¥ am 19. Mai 1890 gleichfalls vou
L. Conradt gesammelt) verdieuen dadurcb hervorgehoben zu werdeu, dass bei
ihnen der grosse Mittelzellenfleck dojjpelt so gross als gewOhnlich auftritt und
wie bei ab. r/rucci Butl. mit dem innereu kleiuen Flecke verbunden ist.
2U. Ergolis murina uov. spec.
Stebt der i'. enotrea Cr. entscbieden nilher als den beiden audereu Arten,
von dcneu sie sich sofort durch die grane Grnndfarbung der Fliigeloberseito,
sowie den verschiedenen, mehr rechtwinkligeu Verlauf der Mittelbiude der
( 136 )
Vordertliigcl, die starker gezacktea Flligel, etc. uutersckeidet. Alier audi mit
K. etiotrca Vv. ist sic nicht zii vcrwecbselu, da diese Art diirch die ausgedehute
blaugrane Fiirbuug der Fliige] sehr cliaraktcrisiert ist.
£. murina hat graue, ins Gelbgraue ziehende Grnndfarbung der Fliigel, mit
iibiilicheu Bindeu wie E. enotrea Cr. ; doch ist die Extrabasale der Vorderfiugel
diiukel braiiugrau ausgefiillt und ebenso wie die Mittelbiiide gleiehmilssig brcit.
Letztere ist nacli iiuten nicht verscbiuiilert nad springt nach aussen starker
winkelig vor. Zeicbnnug des Aussenfeldes beim S starker hervurtreteud als
beim ¥. Sabmargiualliaie iind Form des Anssenraudes iihalicU wie bei K.
enotrea Cr. Der Hairni vor deru Rande ist graubraiiu gefiirbt und scbwaih : eiiie
rotbraime Linie zieht dicht vor deii Frausea. Der weissliche Vorderrandsfleek
ist grosser und schiirfer begrenzt als bei der geuanuteii Art. Zeichuuug des
Wnrzelfeldes der Hiaterfliigel wie auf den Vorderfliigeln. Beim ? siud hier aiif
beiden Fliigeln rote Schuppen fast fieckartig in die Grundfarbe eiugestreiit.
Mittel- und Aussenbiude gebogen, beim 6 krilftiger als beim ?. Letztere naeh
innen von einer Bogenlinie begrenzt. Aussere Querbiude di'mn begiunend und
in immer starker werdenden Mondflecken endigend. liotbraunc Kandlinie wie
auf den Vordertlugeln. Fransen graubraun nnd weiss. Form des Anssenraudes
wie beim ? der E. enotrea Cr., in beiden Geschlechtern gleicli, wiilirend beiiu
c? der letztereu Art die Ausscbnitte sehr gering sind, Unterseite der Fliigel
bei beiden Geschlechtern gleich, ganz iihnlich briiunlich wie beim ? von
K. enotrea Cr. (dereu S aber eine ganz zeichnnngslose, sehr dankle Vordcr-
tliigelunterseite bat) nnd auch mit ganz iihnlicbcn rotbrannen Zeiebnungen, die
auch denen der Oberseite eutsprecben. Die Fiirbung ist niebt so duukel wie
bei dem S der genannten Art, raebr dcm ? iihnlich, jedoch vor dem Aussenrande
niebt so anffallin' anfgebellt. Kiirjicrteile cntsprocbend licller als bei I'., enotrea (V.,
graubraun.
Flugelsi)annung : S 44, ? 40 mm.; VorderfliigoUiiuge : :JT, bezw. 34 mm.
Kamerun (Jaunde-Statiou, offne Stelle im Urwald, G. Oktober 1897 von
v. Carnap gesammelt).
"■1\. Asterope garega Karseb.
CrenU nalalemk, Hopiier {non Boisduval) ia Peters. Reise Moss,, Ins. p. 381 (1802).
Crenis ijarega Karsch, Enl. Noihr. xviii. p. 173 (1892).
Crenis hnwensis, Auriv., I.e. (1808) (partim).
Asterope ansorget Rotlisch. & Jord., Nov. Zwl. x. p. 534 (1903).
Da A. howeHsis Stgr. von Madagaskar vOllig verscbieden vou Stiieken des
Festlandes ist, mnss fiir diese der von Kargeh gegebene Name A. (jarega wieder
zur Anwendung gelangen. Mir liegt ausser der Type auch das vuii Hopfer als
C natalensis beschriebene Stiick vor. Danacb unterscbiedet sich ,1. ijitreijn von
A. howensin dnrch die fast gleiche Farbuug beider Geschlechter sehr augenfallig.
Das c? ist etwas heller als das ? . Es hat wie dieses eine lichte Apikallleckeii-
binde der Vorderfliigel, die beim ? nnterbrochen ist ; beim letzteren tritt noch
in Zelle :? ein grosser bell ockergelblicber Fleck auf, dot der voriger Art
mangelt ; ferner ist der grosse Mittelzellenfleck fast drei mal gnisser als dort
und hat anch eine ganz andere Lage. Der Uaud der Hinterfliigel ist nur
schwach verdunkelt, nicht ziemlich ausgedeliut schwarzlicb bescbuppt wie bei
jener Art. Die Unterseite der Hiutertiiigul ist viol licbter und aull'allend
schwach brauulicii, nicht schwarzlicb gezeichnet, wie bei ' '. huwenais Stgr., bei
( 137 )
(-k'r diu Zi-'ichuuugeii iiberaus sLark liorvortreton. Die Fliigel .siiid bci ('. gaiiK/n
viel stalker ausgezogeii als bei der viel zierlicher gebauten G. kowensis. Die
aijgegebeueii Unterschiede veransclianlicbeu hinreichend diegrosse Verscliiedeiilieit
beider Arteu : sie siiid so gross, dass es voHig ausgeschlosseu erscheiut, dass
C. hoiceimis die madagassisclie Lokalform von C. garega sein Iconnte.
Ein mir von Hr. Dr. Jordan giitigst zngesandtes c? der ^1. ansofqei
Kotliscli. & Jord. stinimt mit ^1. garegn Karscii gnt iibereia. Das bei der
ersteren der Zellenfleck der Vorderfliigel grosser ist nnd dnrch briianliche
Bestiinbuug mit dem ebenfalls grOsscren Sabapikalflecke zasammenhiingt, ferner,
dass die Aussenriinder nicht so stark verdnakelt sind als bei A. garega, und die
liandpuuktreihe starker hervortritt, diirfte nur eine zufiillige Abweichnng sein,
die eine Trenuuug nicht zulasst. .Sollte sicli ^1. ansorgei als eine bosondere
Lokalform von A. garega herausstellcn — nur durck Vergleich grOsseren Materials
von Westafrika (Type von Balibnrg) kOnute dies sicher gestelt werden, — so
miisste iiatalensis Hopff. {non Boisduval) als Synonym za ansorgei gestellt werden,
22. Pseudacraea lucretia Cr.
Von ab. c-rpansa Bntl. ziir ab. hcliogcncs LJiitl. kommen Ubergiinge vor.
Ein solcbes Exemplar {S) stimmt in der Ausdebnung der liubtea Zeichniing
der Vorderfliigel mit der ersteren Form iibcrein ; die Fiirbung derselben ist
jedoch nicht weiss, sondern gelblich angellogen. Innenrandsfleck der Vorder- nnd
Mittelbinde der Hinterfliigel gelb wie bei ab. jirotracta Butl. (bei ab. heliogenes
Butl. ist sie ockergelblich). Ausdebnung der Hinterfliigelbinde nicht ganz
so stark wie bei der letzteren Form.
Fliigelspannnng : 71 mm. (?).
Das Exemplar stammt vom N.-Nyassa-See (Ubena — Laugenburg, April
1899, von Goetze gesammelt).
23. p. dolomena Hew.
Bei einem i von Kamerun deiiiit hich die rotbraune Fiirbung- des Iniienrands-
teiles bis znr tSubapikalbinde aus ; diese ist vou doppelter Breite. Hinterfliigel-
mittelbinde gleichfalls verbreitert.
Fliigelspannnng : 53 mm.
Ein ? von fininea infer, (von Pogge) weicht sehr iuiffallig vom gewOhnlichen
? ab. Die Snbapikalbiude ist sehr stark verschmalert nnd nicht gelb, sondern
rotbriinnlich. lunenrandsteil vou uhnlicher Ausdebnung wie beim S, ebenfalls
rotbrauu ; beim gewuhnlichen ? ist nur ein nuregelmiissig gelber Fleck in der
Mitte des Innenrandes vorhaaden. Ganz abweichend ist auch die liclite Fiirbung
der Hiuterfliigel ; sie beschriinkt sich auf eine miissig breite, gleichmiissige
Binde vor der Fliigelmitte (hinter den iiusseren schwarzen Fleckeu) ; ihre Fiir-
bung ist gelblich, briiunlich angeflogen, nicht reingelb.
Fliigelspannnng : 05 mm.
24. P. togoensis uov. spec.
Ans der Verwandtschaft von P. ei/rgtits L. und P. imitator Trim. ; von beiden
aber (lurch die in die Mittelzelle der Vorderfliigel reichende Subapikalbiude der
VorderHiigel, sowie die rote Farbuug der Wurzel der HiutertlLigel auilUllig
( 138 )
verschieden ; vuu erstcier Art uuterscheidet sie feriier der sehr kleine Basallleck
der Hiiiterfliigel, vou letzterer die bis ziim Innenrande sich ausdehnende biauue
Fiirbung der Hinterfliigeluuterseite.
Fliigel iihnlich wie bei den genannten Arten, schwiirzlicli, mit schwarzen
Flecken iu der Mittelzelle und iu Zelle 1 i ; in der Aiilage stimiucii diese mit
den genanuten Arteu iiberein. Der weisse Fleck binter der Mitte des lunenrandes
der Vorderfliigel ist nicht grosser als bei F. imitator Trim. Die weisse Scbriig-
binde ist vollig verscbiedeu von der der beiden genauiiteu Arten ; sie reiclit naeli
unten unter Ader 3 berab, ist bier am scbmiilsten uud verbreitert sich nach dem
Vorderraude zu ziemlicb stark ; sie ist von der der verwandten Arten aiitViiUig
dadurch unterscbieden, dass sie die ganze obere Ecke der Mittelzelle einnimmt ;
sie breitet sich iiberhanpt viel weiter nach iunen aus. Mittelbinde der Hinter-
fliigel etwas schmiiler als bei den Verwandten, oben sclimal, miten breit, naeh
iunen bis zn der mittleren Pnnktreihe reichend. Von dieser breitet sich bis znr
AVurzel rotbriiunliche Fiirbung aus. Unterseite mit denselben Zeichnungen wie
die Oberseite uud der der Verwandten sehr iibnlicb. Die rotbranne Fiirbung des
Basalfeldes ist lebhaft brauu und dehnt sich iiber die Mitte des Vorderrandes,
nach unten bis zum lunenrande aus. Sonst sind die Hinterfliigel, ebenso wie die
iibrigen KOrperteile, denen der verwandten Arten durchaus iihnlich.
Sehr nahe steht diese Art der P. tirikensis Neave {Xovit. Zool. -xi. [>. 332,
19<i4), von der ich sie nur nugeniigend zu trennen weiss ; doch ist der Inneurand
der Hinterfliigel nieht ockergelb ; auch erscheint es mir sehr nnwalirscheinlicli,
dass eine und dieselbe Art an zwei nicht nur so weit entfernten, sondern anch so
verschieden zusammengesetzten Lokalitiiten vorkommen kOnnte, wie es Togo und
Victoria Nyanza sind.
Fliigelspannnug : TM mm. (1 ? ).
Togo (MisahOhe, Kame, 11. Miirz lH'.iA, von E. Banmaiai gesammelt).
25. Pseudargynnis hegemone nyassae nov. subs]i.
iStlicke vom Nyassa-See sind nicht uuwesentlich verschieden von auderen
Lokalitiiten. Sie sind im ganzen heller, und zeichuungsloser. Besonders fiillt auf
den Vorderfliigeln der Mangel der zweiten Fleckenreihe der iiussereu Fliigel-
hiilfte auf. Sanmflpckenreihe beidcr Fliigel schwiicher, wie iiberhanpt mehr
oder weniger anch die iibrigen Zeichnungen. Auf den Hinterfliigcin mangelt
mit Ausuahme der Marginal- uud Submarginalfleckenreihe jede Zeichnung ganz ;
beim ? sind nur am Schlusse der Mittelzelle kleine schwarze Fleckchen schwacli
angedeutet. Unterseite der Fliigel beim J etwas schwiicher, beim ? sehr
scliarf gezeichnet ; bei letzterem ist die violettbraune Fiirbung an der Spitze,
besonders der Hinterfliigel, sehr verbreitert.
Fliigelspannung : c? 47, ? 50 mm. ; Vorderfliigelliinge : 24 bezw. 26 mm.
N.-Nyassa-See (Poroto-Rangwe-Miss., c? 5., ? 11. Oktobcr ISO'J, von Goetze
gesammelt).
~'j. Aterica galene Brown ?-f. dimorpha nov.
Wiihrend das ? von A. galene gewohnlich weiss gefleckt ist, treten selten
Stiicke mit gelblichen Flecken auf. Bei dem mir vorliegenden ? ist der Mittelteil
der Hinterfliigel sogar briinulich angeflogcn und wird nacli aussen bis znr ersten
Saumlinie brann begreuzt. Bei dem gewOhulicheu ? ist diese braune Begrenzuug
( 1-9 )
mil' im uutereu Teile melir uJer minder ausgedehut vorliandeu. Auoli uiiterseits
ist die gewObnlich weissliche Fiirbung gelblich.
FliigelspanuuDg : 07 mm. ( ? ).
KameruQ (Barombi-lStatiou, voii Preuss gesammelt).
27. Aterica galene ab. theophane Hopff.
Diese Form ueigt ausserordeutlich zur Veriluderung biu. Beim S variiort,
besonders die braime Begi-eummg des Hiuterfliigelmittelfleckes in der Ausdcbnuug
sehr stark. Die ? habeu stets weisse Flecke der Vorderfiiigel,' aber sehr
abweicheude Fiirbuiig der hiutereii. Diese ist entweder ansgedebnt eini'arbig
safraugelb, (britnulicb) (beieinem ? vou Mikindaui, von Eeimer), oder Lellgclblich
auswiirts briiunlich, nach uuten weisslich begrenzt, oder sogar ganz weisslicb.
Die beideu letzteren Formeu siud aus Ost-Afrika (Mpapua, vou Glauuiug)
vertreten.
2is. Leucosticha daedalus F.
Zwei Htiicke vou N.-Nyassa-See (Langenburg, S 18. Juni 1809, vou Fulleborn)
und D. O.-Afrika (Songeu Ungoni, ? 31. Juli 1900, von iStierling) verdieneu
dnrch folgeude Merkmale hervorgelioben zu werdeu. Die weisse Befleckung der
iuisseren Pnnktreihe beidev Flugel ist geringer ; die schiefergraiie Bescbnppung
liings des Anssenrandes stilrker. Die Unterseite beider Fltigel ist auSallig ver-
Bchieden ; sie ist schmutzig gelbgrau, mit violettbraunen Zeichnungen. Anch bei
der dai'dalus meleagris Cr. variiert die (ockergelbe) Grundfiirbung der Fliigel-
unterseite in der Inteusitiit ziemlich stark ; sie ist z. B. bei ostafrikanischeu
Exemplaren (D. Ost-Afrika, Korogwe, Mitte Mai 1893, S, vou 0. Neumann ;
N. Usambara, Tewe, Dezember 1884— February 1895, ?, von Meinhardt) weseutliuii
heller als bei westafrikanischen (z. B. von Togo, c? Misahohe, 27. Oktober lb93,
vou E. Banmaun ; ? von Bismarckburg, 8. September 1893, von L. Clonradt).
29. Euphaedra viridicaerulea uov. spec.
Diese interessante neue Art ist nahe verwaudt mit K. inaninn. Butl.; die
abweicbende Fiirbnug der Ober- nnd Unterseite, die scliwarzen Marginalflecke
uuten auf den Hinterflugeln trennen sie jedoch binreichend von ihr.
Vorderfiiigel wei bei jener Art schwarz ; Wurzelfeld jedoch nicht griinlich
angeflogen. lunenrandsfleck ins bliinliche schimmornd, sehreingeschriiukt ; wjilirend
er sich dort bis zur Ader 3 und der Snbdorsale ausdehnt, ist er bier auf Zelle la
nnd das uutere Drittel von \b beschrankt und breitet sich auch uach den Seiten
zu nicht so wait aus. Die weisse Subapikalbinde ist etwas schmiiler, sonst
iihulich wei beim ? der genannteu Art angelegt ; sie ist jedoch iu der nuteren
Hiilfte fast ganz von blanlichen Schuppen i'lberdeckt und wird auch nach aussen,
iuuen und uuten viel stiirker blanlich (nicht griinlich) begrenzt als dort. Auch
liings des mittleren Teiles des Vorderrandes, am Schlusse und ausserhalb der
Mittelzelle breitet sich griinblauliclier Anflug aus. Fiirbung des Aussenrandes
wei bei E. iiiainim Butl., doch ist der Saum stilrker abgerundet, besonders tritt
auch der Vorderwinkel nicht so stark hervor. Hinterfliigel mit ausgedehut
bliiulichgriiner Fiirbung im Mittelfeldc ; sie dehnt sich jedoch nur bis zur Grenze
des Wurzelfeldes aus uud weist auch keiue Spur golbbriluulicher Schuppen auf,
( 140 )
die jeue Art sn gut jiiisi'AMcliiieii ; biugcgeii ist im iiiiiercu Toile, utwa von dor
Mitte der Zelle 4 bis znr Mitte der Zelle ir eia grosser weisslicher, ia die
liliitiliclie Fiirbung libcrgebendcr Fleck vorbandeii. Anch liiiigs Ader 7 siiid
weisslicbe Scbiippea wabrnebmbar. Bliinlicbe Mavgiualfiec'kcliea siiid nur vor
dein Aiialwinkel scbwacb wabrnebmbar. Sebr abweicbend ist; besonders auch die
Uuterseite der FU'igel gelarbt uud gezeicbnet. Die Grundfiirbiiug der vordereii
ist blangriin, iu der Mittelzelle, vor dein Aussenrande und im iiasseren Telle
des Vorderrandes gelbgriin. Die drei schwarzcn Flecke der Mittelzelle iibnlich
wei bei der geuanuteu Art, ebeuso die weisslicbe iSubapikalbinde, die jedocb liier
uicht so scbarf begrenzt ist. Fliigelspitze ansgedebnter weisslicb. Vor dem
Innenwinkel steht in Zelle 14 ein schwarzer Fleck. Die 8ubmarginalreibe
bliinlicber Flcckchen feblt. Inneurand blaulicbgran, einwiirts schw:irzlii4i, Hiiiter-
Hiigel vorberrscbend gelbgniulicb, ins briiunlii-bo ziehend ; nur ein breiter oberer
Basalteil, der VorJerrand und mebr oder weniger der ilussere Teil des Saumfeldes
sind blaugriinlicb. Eine breite, nach unten sich verscbmiilernde weisslicbe Biade
hiingt von der Mitte des Vorderrandes fast bis zur Ader 3 berab. In der
Mittelzelle steben zwci scbwarze Fleckchen. Der am Scblusse derselben bei
E. iiianum ancb oberseits wabruebmbare stricbartige dunkle Anting feblt bier
ganz. Besonders ist die nene Art auch durch die schon erwiibnte Snbmarginalreibe
scbwitrzlicber Flecke ausgezeicbnet, die in griinblanlicliem Anfluge stehen. Die
iibrigen Koriierteile ahnlicb wie liei der genaunten Art.
Fliigelspannung : •'SU mm.; Vordertiiigellaiige : 45 mm. (1 ? ).
Sild-Kameruu (Bipindi, Milrz lOUl, von G. Zenker).
30. Euphaedra adelica nov. spec.
Bildet in gewisser Ilinsicht eiuen Ubergang von E. inniuon Butl. zu E. cera F.
Sie uuterscheidet sich von crsterer, ebeuso wic von der vorbcscbriebenen
/.'. vil'idicaerulea, u.a. durch das Auftroten schwarzer Zeichuuugen im Mittelfelde
beider Fliigel anf der Uuterseite ; von alien Formeu der /.'. cvrvx wird sic durch
den Mangel jcglichcr schwarzer Zeichnung untcrseits vor dem Kaude gut getrennt.
Vorderfliigcl schwarz, mit wie bei verwaudteu Arteu griiuem Innenraudsteile.
tjubapikalbiude wie bei E. iiiauum uud E. liridicaerulfa weisslicb, iu der Mitte
etwas eiugescbniirt. Iliuterfliigel Vilaugriiu (etwa wie bei j//rii.'iii/ njami), vor dem
Aussenrande iu scbvvarzblau iibergebeud, also gauz verscbieden von denen der
genaunten Art. I'jiu weisser Apikalfleck der Vorderfliigel ist uicht vorhauden ;
nur die Fransen sind kurz vor der Spitze weiss. Honst sind die Fransen schwarz,
sehr verloschen weiss gescheckt. Uuterseite beider Fliigel griiuiich, stellenweise
gelblich bcstiiubt. Mittolzelleutlecke der Vorderfliigel iibulicb wie lieiden
Verwaudteu ; dieaiisseren iiberaus gross, der inuere Fleck jedocb sehr kleiu. Am
Scblusse der Zelle steht ein schwarzer iStricb ; die innere Begrenzung der
weisslichen Snbapikalbiude wird von eiuer schwarzen Fleckeubiude eiugeuommeu,
deren unterer Teil sehr breit ist. Uuter diesem steht in Zelle 'Z uocb ein schwarzer
Fleck. Der Randfleck in Zelle \b von E. viridicaerulea feblt. Hintertliigcl mit
deutlicber weisser Mittelbinde, die uacb innen von eiuer schwarzen I'unktreihe
begreuzt wird, deren oberer Teil am stiirksten, stricbartig, auftritt. Am
Basalteile der Subcostale steht noch ein scbw;irzlicber Wiscb. Mittelzelle mit je
einem grossen obereu uud ilussereu uud eiuem kleiueren uutereu Fleckchen, die
bei deu Verwaudteu uur sehr verloacbcu uul'treteu. Die scbwarze SJubmarginalreihe
( 141 )
von E. Tiruliciienih'a fclilt ; an iliror Stclle ist die rTrnndfarlie ct.was anfgelifhtet.
Fiihlorkolbe wie bei letzterer, dnnlder als bei F. inanum, obenso die Beino.
Die verschieden gefiirbte (ganz griine) Untei-seite der Fliigel macht einen vou
den beiden genannten Arten sehr verscliiedeneu Eindruck.
Fliigelspannnng : 72 mm.'; Vorderfliigelliiiige : 40 mm. (1?).
Togo (Bismarckbnrg, 11. Mai 189:^, von L. C'nnradt gesammelt).
31. Euphaedra themis Hb. ab. reducta no v.
Uutersclieidet sich von ab. janctta I'utl., der sie am niicUsten stelit, liesonders
dadnrch, dass der rote Fleck an der Wnrzel der Vorderfliigelnnterseite ganz
fehlt. Anf den Hinterfliigeln ist deiselbe beini S wie bei jener Form ansgedeluit
violettrot ; beim ? ist hingegen nnr der basale Teil des Vorderrandes sclimal
ziegelrot angelegt. Das ? vermittelt also den Ubergang znr ab. aureola Kirby.
Apikalfleek der Vorderfliigel beim ^ wie bei al). janetta ganz lebhaft gelb,
beim ? oberseits hellgelb, nach oben weisslich, nnten weiss. Rote Scbnppen
fehlen im basalen Teile beider Fliigel oberseits giinzlicb.
Fliigelspannnng : c? 09 mm., ? 78 mm. ; Vorderfliigelliinge : 38 bezw. 44 mm.
Kamernn (J Victoria, ? Barombi-Station, von Preuss).
32. Euphaedra gausape Butl. ab. extensa nov.
Bei dieser sebr interessanten Form ist der gelbe Subapikalfleck der
Vorderfliigel fast nra das doppelte verbreitert ; er reicht nacli nnten viel weiter,
fast bis znr Ader 3 herab. Wiibrend ferner bei typiscben Stiicken liings des
Innenrandes nur griinliche Beschuppnng anftritt, ist hier der grossere Teil des
Innenrandsfeldes bis znr Ader 3 nnd der Subdorsale gelb gefjirbt iind nnr
scliwacii giiiiilich bestiinbt. Diese licbtc Fiirbnng nimmt die Form eines grossen,
nnregelmjissig viereckigen Fleckes ein, der am Ursprnng von Ader 3 dreieckig in
die Mittelzelle bineinragt nnd nach oben zu fast mit dem grossen Subapikal-
flecke zusammenhiingt. Auch der ganze Diskns der Hinterlliigel wird dnrch
gelbe Schnppen sehr antfiillig aufgehellt. Unterseite wie bei typiscben Stiicken ;
anf den Vorderfliigeln ist Zelle 2 sebr stark, auf den Hinterfliigeln der Ranm am
Ende der Mittelzelle, sowie hiuter derselbeu schwacb anfgehellt. Grnndf.lrbnng
der Mittelzelle der Vorderfliigel nnterseits bliinlicb, nicbt griin.
Fliigelsimnnung : 78 mm.; Vorderfliigelliinge: 40 mm. (1?).
Kamernn (Barombi-Station, von Preuss).
33. Euphaedra karschi nov. spec.
Eine ilberans interessante Art ans der Grnjipe K. gaxsapc Bntl. — .r>/pcfr Hew.
nnd zwar steht sie dnrch die Form der Hinterfliigel der erstereu niiher als der
letzteren, der sie besonders in der Zeichunng der Unterseite der Fliigel iibnlicb
sieht. Gnte Trennnngsraerkmale bieten die schmale weissliche (nicht gelbe)
Snbapikalbinde der Vorderfliigel, der schmale weisse Apikalfleek derselben, die
scharf begrenzte, ockergelbe, nnr bis znr Ader 2 sich ausbreitende Fiirbnng der
Hinterfliigelunterseite, etc. Weitere Unterschiede sind in der folgenden Beschreibnng
angegeben.
Die Vorderfliigel niihern sich in der Form der E. xijpete viel mehr als der
E. (jausape ; besonders fiillt der, fast, geradlinieg abfallende Anssenrand anf,
wie er nicht einmal so anflalleud dem S der letzteren Art eigcn ist. Form der
( 142 )
Hinterfliigel dentlich an die von E. .ri/prte sicli anscliliosspnil ; rlie Hinterfliigcl
sind zwar etwas liroitcr als liei letzterer, doch ist ilir Anssenrand fast ebcnso stai-Ic
abgeschriigt ; keinesl'alls halien die Hinterfliigel in dor Form Ahnlichkeit luit
dem gewiihnliclien Typns, der dnrch E. xypete reprilsentiert wird. Ftirbung der
Vorderfliigel wie bei den verwandten Arten, besonders tritt der griinliche Anflng
fast wie bei E. xtjpete anf ; er ist am intensivsten am Innenrande, breitet sich aber
weiter nach anssen als dort ans. Ferner ist anch im Ansscnfeldegrilne Beschnppnng
dentlicli wahrnehmbar ; sie feblt bei den anderen Arten giinzlicb. Snbapikalbinde
weisslich, sebr scbmal (etwa wie bei E. pj-exssi Stgr.), scbarf begrenzt ; sie besteht
ans drei kleinen oberen (dnrcb die Adern geteilten) Flecken nnd einem grossen,
mebr nach ansson geriicktcn in Zelle 3. Apikalfleck weisslich ; mehr als die
Hiilfte schmiiler als bei E. xi/petc ; bei E. gausape sind hingegen bier nnr die
Fransen schmal weisslich gefiirbt. Fiirbnng der Hinterfliigel nngefiihr wie bei
der ersteren Art ; doch ist die olivgriine Fiirbnng in der Mitte fast ebenso
eino'eschriiiikt wri bei E. gnumpc, dringt aber nach innen nnr wenig in die
Zelle hinein. Unterseite der Vorderfliigel iihnlich wie bie /'7. .ri/peti' ; sie weicht
von ihr in folgenden Pnnktcn ab : Zellenflecke bedentend kleiner, getrennt ;
die weissliche, nicht gelbe Rchriigbinde nach innen im nnteren Telle viel
schmiiler schwarz begrenzt. Der hinter ihr liegende, dreieckige, griine
Vorderrandsteil ist ebenso wie der iibrigens viel schmiilere Anssenrandsteil brann
beschattet. Aussenbinde im nnteren Telle nndentlich. A])ikalfleck eiufarbig
weisslich, kiirzer. Hinterfliigelnnterseite in der Fiirbnng nnd Zeichnnng, besonders
aber in dem sich sehr ansbreitenden Karminrot cbenf^iUs der E. .rgpi'te
niiher stehend als der anderen Art. Besonders ist anch die schwarze Flecken-
zeichnung ganz iihnlich angeordnet wie dort, im ganzen aber wesentlich stiirker.
Am Ende der Mittelzelle stehen zwei schwarze Flecke (wie bei E. gansape,
der iinssere ist aber vcrliingert). Der breite Innenrandsteil ist ganz iihnlich
ockero-elb wie bei E, yanxape ; er reicht nicht ganz bis znr Ader 3, wcist aber
nnr in Zelle 2 karminrote Einmischnngen anf ; nicht aber nahe des Innenrandes
wie bei der genanntcn Art. Die karminrote Fiirbnng wird nach anssen ockergelb
beo-renzt, am breiterten zwisehen den Adern .">— 7. Flecke der schwarzen
Snbmarginalreihe kleiner nnd dem Rande mehr geniihert ; hinter ihnen tritt
griinliche Fiirbnng anf. Schwarze Ilandlinie etwas breiter. Palpen, I'rnst, Beine
nnd andere Korpertcile iihnlich wie bei E. .rgpotc.
Fliigelspannnng : (IT mm.; Yorderfliigelliinge : SOmm. (IcT).
N.W.-Kamernn (Ikassa a. Ndian, Is. Mai I'.Miii, von H. Hudatis).
Da die vorbeschricheno Art in anffiilligerweise Mcrkmrile zweier ver-
schiedener Arten (/■-'. gaumpe nnd E. xypete) in sich vereinigt, wiirde man
sie als liybride Form denten konnen, wenn dass Vorknnimen solcher bei den
Rhopnloceni in der Natnr mit Sicherheit nachgewicpen wordeii wiire. Dies ist
aber keineswegs der Fall ; vielmchr sind vide voreilig als Bastarde anf'gestellte
Forraeu, nicht nnr bei der (iattnng Eiiphaedra, sondern z. B. anch bei I'aniasshis
nnd Colias (ab. chnjsodomi) nnr A\)errationen odcr Lokalformen nnd keine
Hybriden.
34. Euphaedra xypete Hew. ab. mirabilis nov.
Eine hochst intercssante Form von A", xgpih-, sehr anftallig dadnrch ans-
•rezeichuet, dass die scharlachrote Fiirbnng der Hinterfliigelnnterseite nnr anf den
Vorderrandsteil bcsdiriinkt ist nnd Adcr 7 niciit iibcrsclircitot, wiihrend sie bei
( 143 )
normfilen Stiid<cn das panze Mittelfeld eiiiniinrat iiml sicli fnst liis znm Innt^nrande
ansdelint. Das ehv/Age mir vorliegende <$ weiclit nnch in folgetideii Pnnktea
al) : Snbapikalbinde der Vorderfliigel beiderseits ziemlich gerade abgesclinitten ;
die schwarzen Pnnkte in der Mittelzelle derselben nnterseits kleiner und nicht
znsammenbiUigend ; die innere schwarze Begrenznng der gelben Sabapikalbiiide
ist unten viel scbmiiler : ihre Fortsetziing in den Zellen 2 nnd 3 ist nicht
verbreitert wie bei Jt!. xypete. Die Fleckenbinden des Sanmfeldes beider Fliigel
sind dem Rande nilher gerflekt. An Stella des fehlenden rot der Hinterfliigel
tritt griinliche, gelb bestiinbte Beschnppung auf.
Fliigelspannung : Go mm. ; Vorderfliigelliinge : 3.") mm. (IcJ).
Kameruu (Barombi-Station, von Freuss).
3r). Euphaedra luperca Hew. ab. luteofasciata nov.
Ein c? nnd ? weichen dnrcli die hellgelbliclie Grnndf'iirbnng der Vordcr-
fliigelbinde von dor weissgebilnderten tyjiischen Form ab. (Hewitson nennt
dieselbe "rnfons white").
Fliigelspannnng : 66 mm. ; Vorderfliigel lange : 34 ram. (cJ).
35. Euphaedra losinga Hew. ab. impunctata nov.
AViihrend bei dieser Art die schwarzen Mittelzellcnfiecke auf der Unterseite
der Fliigel bOchst selten zum Verschwinden neigen, zeichnet sich ein ? dnrch
giinzlichen Mangel derselben aus. Das Stiick unterscheidet sich anch in anderen
Pnnkten sehr aufifallig, so dass es fast wie eine andere Art aussieht. Die
8nbapikalbinde der Vorderfliigel ist im oberen Teile antfiillig verschmiilert ;
im unteren, breiten Teile in Zelle 3 dnnkel geteilt. Der weisse Apikalfleck der
Vorderfliigel reicht beiderseits nicht so weit herunter und ist anch sehr scharf
abgesclinitten. Auf der Unterseite der Vorderfliigel ist der obere Teil der
weissen Binde sehr scharf begrenzt; die nntere Hiilfte ist eiularbig gelb, mehr
eingeschriinkt. Auf den Hinterfliigeln fehlt nnten die weisse Binde bis auf einen
kleinen oberen Fleck giinzlich.
Fliigelspannnng: 75 mm.; Vorderfliigelliinge: 39 mm. (1 ?).
Siid-Kamerun (Bipindi, Urwaldweg, September 1898, von G. Zenker).
37. Euphaedra wardi Druce, losing^a Hew., spatiosa Mab.
Bei ersterer Art miichte ii'.h erwilhnen, dass die Subnpikalbinde der Vorder-
fliigel von ockergelb bis gelb abiindert ; anch in der Breite ist sie betriichtlichen
Schwankungen unterworfen. Der violette Schiramer vor dem Innenwinkel der
Hinterfliigel wird zuweilen reeht nndentlich. Die Unterseite der Fliigel ist
znweilen ganz griiiilich ohne bliineii Anflng. Die Fliigelspannung des ? variiert
von 74 — 93 mm. Audi bei K. loxhiga Hew. iindert die ockergelbe Vorderfliigel-
binde in der Breite ziemlich stark ab ; sie wird zuweilen nach unten von einem
rostgelben Flecke in Zelle 2 begrenzt. Die Intensitiit des weissen Streifens der
Hinterfliigelnnterseite variiert gleiehf'alls. Beim ? von ]i. spatiosa Mab. ist die
gelbe SchrJigbinde der Vdrderiiiigel zuweilen dojipelt so breit wie gewiihnlich.
38. Euryphene intermedia nov. spec.
Steht ganz nahe bei F.. iiuinrua (Jr. Smith ; die Untersi-hiede von ihr sind
in der folgenden Beschreibnng niilier angegelien.
( 144 )
S. Yordorfliigol wie bei der genannteu Art ganz iihiiliph gefiivbt and gezeicbnet,
doch ist die lichte Bescbniijinng am Vordcrrande, an dcr Wnrzcl der Snbdorsale
nnd am luuenrande uicUt lilangriui, sonderu mebr gelbgriiu ; sie ist aucb am
letzteren viel ansgedebuter iind erstreckt sich fast bis zur Ader 2. Der iinssere
der beideu scbwarzen Stricbe in Zelle 1 i von /T. innociia ist sebr diinn nnd wird
fast nnr dnrcb zwei scbwarze Puukte vertreten. Die gelbe Suliapikaibiude ist
iibulich wie bei der genaunteu Art, docb breiter und nach nnten fast bis znr
Mitte der Zclle 2 reichend. Hiuterfliigel von denen von /s". innocua dadnrch
abweicbend, dass der ganze Mittelteil nebst dem Wurzelfeldo anifallend gelbgriiu
(fast goldgriin) anftritt. Der dicke scbwarze Stricli am Scbhisse der Mittelzelle
feblt ganz nnd der daliintor liegende ist sebr verloscheii. Jlittelzellenflocke
iibnlich wie bei genannter Art. Anf der Unterseite der Vorderfliigel ist die
Spitze etwas ansgedebnter weisslicb lieschnppt ; ferner ist der oliere Teil der
gelben Biude sebr bell, fast weisslicb ; der nntere, lebliaftere Teil ist sebr
verloscben nnd tritt nur sebr wenig bervor. Der scbwarze Stricb ia der Mittel-
zelle vor deren Ende ist nicbt gerade^ sondern doppelt gebogen nud tritt wurzel-
wiirts sebr spitz vor. Die scbwiirzliche uuterbvochene Scbriigbinde an der Grenze
des Sanmfeldes wird nnr dnrcli eiuen scliwiirzliohen Fleck in Zelle 1 h verfreten.
Dor scbwarze Streifen vor dem 8anrae ist sebr verloschen nnd tritt kanm bervor.
Die Fiirbung des Sanmfeldes, aucb der HinterflCigel, ist mebr scbmutzig lelim-
braun ; dicse Fiirbnng gebt auf den Hinterfliigelu in den nicbt lebbaft ockergelbeu,
sonderu scbmutzig ockerfarbenen Inuenrandsteil i'lber. Griine Tiine sind auf den
Hiuterfliigeln sebr eingescbriinkt ; bingegen tritt die bliiuliclie Fiirbnng mebr
Jiervor. Der licbte Fleck in der Zelle ist breiter, nach innen scluniiler, nacb anssen
breiter scbwiirzlicb begrenzt ; bier setzt sicb die dunkle Fiirbnng nacb nnlen
dentlicber fort. Der scbwarze knrze Stricb binter dcr Mittelzelle ist sehr stark,
mebr recbtwinkelig. Die scbwiirzlicbe Subniarginalliiude ist iiberaus sclnvacb
ausgepriigt ; sie ist aucb viel welter vom Sanme entfernt als bei S. iiviociiii.
Der untere Teil des Sanmcs ist dnrcb blilnlichweisse Scbuppen anfgebellt ; am
stilrksteu treten dieselben im unteren Telle vor dem Innenwinkcl anf, der
ziemlicb ausgedebnt bliinlicb, dunkel dnrchscbnitten erscbeint. Die Ilinter-
fliigel sind im Verbiiltnis viel breiter als bei K. innocua; der Innenwinkcl tritt
nicbt spitz bervor, da der Rand auf Ader 2 und 1 h sebr abgerundet ist. Ein
gntes Unterscheidungsmerkmal giebt ancb die Fiiblcr kolbe ab, da sie oben nicbt
oinfarbig schwarz, souder vor dcr Sjiitze braun gefiirbt ist. Alle iibrigeu Kiirjicrteile
iibnlich wie bei E. innocua.
Fliigelspannnng : 57 mm.; Vorderfliigellange : :3U mm. (1 S).
Kamernn (Barombi-Station, von Prenss).
30. Euryphene barce Doubl. ab ? achillaena uov.
Trotz ibres ziemlicb verschiedeneu Aussehens diirftc achilUiena doch nnr
eine Form von E. barce sein, worauf besonders die gleiche Zeicbnungsanlage
auf der Fliigelunterseite hindeutet. AViibrend das gewiibnliche ? auf den
Vorderfliigeln ausgedebnt gliinzend blaugriin gefiirbt ist, ist diese Form bier
violettblan angeflogen.
Diese Fiirbnng uimmt in sehr ausgcsprocheneni Maasse das AV'nrzel- nnd
Mittelfeld der Hinterfliigel ein. Auf den Vorderfliigeln ist der grosse weissc
Subapikalflcck zu cineni nnr \ so schmalca Streifen reduziert. Dor weisse Flock
( 145 )
am VorJerraude vor der SpiUe erschoiiit grosser. Uaterseite luit Jilmlichen
Zeichnmigen wie die gewohnliche Form, jedoch selir eiufOrmig. Hinterfli'igel
mit weisslichen Fleckeu im Wurzel- und Mittelfelde aii Stelle der gclbeu.
MOgliclierweise ist diese Form docli eiae von E. bairn ver.suliiedeue Art, was
ich ohne Kenntnis des dazugehOrigen $ nicbt entscheiden mag.
Fliigelspaniinng : 56 mm.; Vorderfliigelliinge : 32 mm. (1 ?).
Togo (Bismarckbnrg, 20. Jiili — 20. Seijtember 1S90, vou R. Biittiier).
Vielleicht geliOrt cin S dazii, das oberseits niclit griln, sonderu ganz dniikel-
blau gefiirbt ist. Apikalfleck der VorderHiigel, sowie Discus der Hinteriiiigel
sind violettblan. Auf der Uuterseitu stimmt dies Stiick geuan mit gewOhnlicbeu
$ iiberein (N.-Kamcnui, Victoria, vou Struuk) ; FliigelspuDuung : .jii mm.;
Vorderfliigellauge : 27 mm. (1 i).
40. Euryphene laetitia Ploetz ? ab.
Das gewOhnliche ? hat eiue gelbe Subapikalbiude der Vorderfliigel ; es
kommeu jedoch auch Stiicke vor, bei denen der obere Teil dieser Biade weis-i
ist uud wird eiu soiches Stiick von Hewitson {Eunjphene eliensia iii. t. 6. f. 23. 24.
1861)) abgebildet. Das Berliner Museum besitzt ein E.xemplar vou Kamerun
(Barombi-Stat., von Preuss).
41. Diestogyiia fuscomarginata uov. spec.
Diese neue Art steht der JJ. anuria Hew. niiher als der D. miliici Hew.,
besonders durch die Form der Hinterfliigel, die nicht so stark verliingcrt wie
bei letzterer, aber auch breiter sind als bei D. amicina Hew. Die Zeichuuno- der
Vorderfliigel erinnert jedoch mehr an D. milnei.
Vorderfliigel wie bei den genaunten Arten braun, uach ansseu schwarz, dock
tritt erstere Filrbung heller auf. Zeichnung der Mittelzelle ilhnlich wie bei
letzterer Art, doch ohne weissen Fleck. Die weisse Fleckenbinde weicht you
der der I>. milnei dadurch ab, dass ihr oberer Teil viel sehmiiler ist und auf
dem innersten Telle des Mittelfleckes aufsitzt. Hinterfliigel verhaltnismiissig
breiter und stiirker abgerundet als bet D. amicia, mit uoch breiterem schwarz-
brauuem Rande als D. milnei, in dem sich die iiussere Fleckenreihe nur undeutlich
abhebt. Vor dieser steht eine Reihe dreieckiger schwarzer Flecke. Frauseu
am Inneuwinkel uicht so scharf weiss. Die Unterseite der Fliigel ist viel licliter
als bei J>. milnei. Die Mittelzelle ist durch weuiger weissliche Fiirbuiig aus-
gezeichuet. Auf den Hinterfliigeln ist der duukelbraune Fleck in der Mitte nur
schwach angedeutet. Die braune Fiirbnug des Wurzelfeldes bildet nach unten
zu nicht diese Auszackuugeu wie bei den verwandten Arteu. Die weissliche
Bestiiubung vor dem Inneuwinkel ist geriuger ausgedehnt. Hiuter der weisslichen
Punkt- (Flecken)-Reihe ist uoch eine deutliche Reihe brauuer Monde vorhauden.
Auch die weissen Punkte weisen nach aussen brauue schattenartige Bcgrenzung auf.
FliigelspaunuDg : 40 mm.; Vorderfliigelliinge: 24 mm. (1 ? ), geringer als bei
den Verwandten.
N.-Kamerun (Johann-Albrechtshijhe, 5. Juli I89G, von L. Conradt gesammelt),
Es erscheint mir schr unwahrscheiulich, dass die vorliegende Art das
unbekanute ? der vom Congo beschriebenen J), plagiata Aur. seiu konute.
10
( 146 )
42. Diestogyna aurivillii nov. spec.
Kami nnr mit />. rrronica Cr. vcrglii'lien werden, mit tier sie eiuc selir
iihnliche Fiirbiiug nnd Zeiclinnug der Oberseite gemeiiisfim hat ; UnterscLiede
von derselben sind weiter unten angegeben. Mit L>. baromhina kann sie schon
wegen der weissen Pnnktreihe der Vorderfiugel nicht verglichen warden, ebeiiso
wie der schwarze Zelleufleek unten anf'deu HinterHiigeln diese Art snt nnszeichnet.
Auch ]). ffioiiia 8tgr. komnit nicht in Betracht, da sie " sammet-blanschvvarzc,
prachtvoll tiel'blau schillcrnde Fliigel '" hat, die bei der neuen Art mehr ins Griiue
Ziehen. Mit anderen Arten kann sie nicht verwechselt werden.
Vordcrfliigel etwas starker eingcbogen als bei D. Ti'ronica Cr., sonst dieser
iilinlich, besonders in der Zeithnnug, die aber wcuiger als dort liervortritt. Griin-
licher Schimmer breitet sich besonders in der Mittelzelle ans. Der schwiirzliche
.Streifen hiuter dem Schlusse der Mittelzelle ist schmaler and setzt sich nnr bis
zur Ader 3 fort. Nach aussen im oberen Telle wird dieser Streifen von einem
weisslichen Fleckchen begrenzt. Grilnliche Scjii'ippchen sind an verschiedenen
Stellen nahe des Vorderrandes angehaiift. Die weisse Pnnktreihe vor dem
Vorderwinkel ist zienilich stark ansgeprjigt. Der Schiller der iibrigcn Fliigel-
flache ist viel dnukler als bei IK ceronica, fast noch dunkler als bei l>. amaranta
Karsch. Unterseite sehr dnnkel und scharf gezeichnet, sonst iihulich der ersteren
Art. Die iinssere Begrenznng des dnnklen AVurzelteiles der Vorderfliigel zeigt
einen anderen Verlauf. Hinterfliigel sehr duukelbrann, mit breiter scharf begrenz-
ter Biude im basalen Telle ; nach innen wird die.-^e Binde von gelber Fiirbnng
umsiiumt, am breitosten, fleckartig, im oberen Telle. Mittelzelle mit einem grossen
dunkelbraunen Flecke nnd einem helleren am Ende. Der schwiirzliche Fleck
in der Mitte ist ansgedehnter. Ausserer Fliigelteil brann, sehr eintonig, mit
weisslicher Pnnktreihe und verloschener Zackenlinie.
Fliigelspannnng : 44 mm.; Vorderfliigelliinge : 23 mm. (1 S).
Kamernn (Barombi-Station, von Preuss).
43. Euryphura ochracea nov. spec.
AVeicht von alien bekannten Arten ab. ; am iiiiehsten steht sie uucli der
IC. plautilla Hew., doch ist das S dieser Art anf der Fliigeloberseite stets ganz
dnnkel, wiihreud K. ochracea-S graubriinnlich, ockerfarben gemischt ist, am
stiirksten in der Mittelzelle (die anf den Vorderfliigeln fast ganz ockerfarben
aiisgefiillt ist) und in der Mitte, wo eine gleichfarbige Binde anftritt, die anf
den Vorderfliigeln undeutlich, anf den Hinterfliigeln breit nnd scliarf abgeschuitten
ist. Das ? ist wie das von E. plautilla ab. cluudimms Druce auf der Fliigeloberseite
vorherrschend rutlichbrann, weicbt aber von diesem dadnrch ab, dass audi der
grosserc Teil der Vordcrfliigel braun ist. Sonst sind die Zeichnungen der genannten
Art iihnlich. Beim i ist auf den Vordcrfhigidn der grosse schwiirzliche Innenrands-
schatten von K. /daufilla nicht voihaiideu ; auf den Hinterfliigeln ist der
schwiirzliche Zackenstreifen des mittleren Teiles viel schmiiler, ebenso wie der
diesem folgende schwiirzliche Querschatten (lurch einen Zackenstreifen vertreten
ist. Beim ? ist wie bei manchen ? von E. plautilla im iinsseren Tcile eine
ziemlich l)reite, weissliche Binde vorhanden, die aus einzclnen Zacken mid
»Stralilen zusammengesetzt ist. Ancii die weisse Pnnktreiiic folgt dahinter; die
von ihrliegrcuzten schwarzen Flecke sind sehr gerund c- 1. Anf den Hiuterflii<'-clu
C 147 )
steclien die scliwarzen Makelu der Mittelzelle stark hervor, willireiul dor mittlere
Zackenstreifen dnnkelbraim ist und wenig bervortritt. Der Aussenratidsteil beider
Fliigel ist beim ? bhiunlichgrau gefilrbt. Die Unterseite der Fliigel ist beiin
J bell gelbbriinulicb, sehr eiatOnig, schwacb braun (iiicbt sehwarz) gezeiclmet.
Die dunkle Pnnktreihe im Ausseuteile der Vorderfliigel ist sebr verloscben und
mir scbwacli weisslicb begrouzt. ? nuterseits deni ? von J'J. plaittiUa iibnlieb,
jedocb eiutOniger, mebr violettbraim, schwilcber gezeichnet. Anf den Vorderfliigeln
reicht die weisse Zeichnung nur bis znr Mitte (der ganze Inuenraudsteil wird
vou violettbraiinlicher Eescbnppuug eingeiionimen). Hiiiterfiiigel sehr eiutrmig
violettbraun, nicht weiss, sondern nur schwacb dunkelbranii und violett gezeichnet.
Fiibler oberseits nicht schwarz, suuderu rotbraun, wie auf der Unterseite.
Fliigelspauuung : S 51 mm., ? 58 mm. ; Vorderfliigellange : 28 mm., bezw.
30 mm.
Congo-Gebiet (Mukenge, von Pogge).
44. Euryphura fulminia uov. spec.
Wie E. auraiitiara Anr., Aussenrand der Vorderfliigel jedoch viel stiirkei*
ansgebogen, wodurch der Vorderwinkel viel stiirker bervortritt. An Stelle der
weissen Mittelbinde der genannten Art ist nur schwacber lichter Schimmer
sichtbar. Der schwarze Mittel- (Scbatten)-Streifen zcigt einen ganz abweichendeu
Verlauf: er wendet sich nach unten nicht gerade znm Inueurande, sondern ist
der Subdorsale selir genii hert, also stark der Wnrzel zugekehrt. Der Jiusscre
dnnkle Fleckenstreifen, sowie die weisse I'unktreihe verlaufen mebr geschwun-
gen. Anf den Hinterfliigeln fallen sotbrt die drei Aussenstreil'en auf, die in
der unteren Fliigelhiilfte griine Fiirbuug zwischen sich einschliessen ; der iiussere
dieser Streifeu ist auch aus viel stiirkeren Zackeu und Bogen zusammengesetzt
als bei E. aurantiaca. Ganz abweichend ist auch die Unterseite gefiirbt, da sie
vorherrschend ziegelbrauu, stellenweise violett augeflogen ist. Neben den bereits
bei Beschreibung der Oberseite hervorgehobenen Merkmaleu fallen sofort die
weuiger ausgedebute lichte Furbung an der Fliigelspitzu der Vorderfliigel, sowie
der rotbraune (nicht ockerfarbige) Aussenrand derselben auf Alle Zeichuungeu
sind braun, nicht schwiirzlich. Aussenhiilfte der Hinterfliigel fast ganz braun,
mit weisslicheu Zeichuungeu, die deuen vou E. aurantiaca ahnlich sind. Falpeu
auswiirts grau.
Flilgelspannuug : UO mm.; Vorderfliigellange : 32 mm. (1?).
West-Afrika (ohue njihere Augabe).
45. Euryphura oliva Snfiert, fris xvii. p. 112 (1904).
Durch die griinliche Gruudfarbuug eriunert diese Art au E. achhjs Iloplf.,
docb hat sie mit dieser nichts zu thun, sondern ist mit E. aurantiaca Aur. am
niichsten verwandt, die aber stets dunkel ist, ohue jeden griiidichen Schimmer.
Das i ist schlauker, oberseits ganz grunlich, mit iihnlichen, aber recht scharfen
Zeichuungeu wie /s. aurantiaca. Weisse Funktreihe vor dem Vorderwinkel der
Vorderfliigel deutlich. Das ? ist oberseits in der Zeichnung ebenfalls der
genannten Art ahnlich, docb sind diese ebenfalls sehr scharf ausgopriigt. Die
weisse Mittelbinde der genannten Art ist nur im oberen Telle dnrch lichtgraue
Fiirbuug vertreten ; sie setzt sich uacb uuten, bis zum Inueurande der Hiutcr-
( i4« )
fliigel in griiulicher Fiirbuiig fort. Ancb eiue gleiclifarbia'e Aussenbimte
ist anf Leiden Fliigehi vorbanden, wenn man von einer solchen iibiThanjit
sprecheu kann, da bier nnr die dunklen Zeicbnungen griiulich umrandet siud.
Die licbte Pnnktreibe nicbt dentlieb bervortretend, da ibre Filrbuug nicbt
Weiss, sondern bellgran ist; die binter ibr anftretenden Flecke sind zu Liings-
stricben ausgezogeii. In der Form der Fliigel eriuncrt K. olica an K. jAautiUa
Hew. mebr als an K. auruitlirica, besonders weil der Vorderfliigelaussenrand
starker ausgebogen ist, aber ancb die Hinterfliigel sind jener ilbnlicber. Unter-
seite des S lebbaft ockcrgelb, auf den Vorderfliigcln wie bei E. anrantiaai
gezeichuet ; die Hinterfliigel siud sebr eiufOrraig, mit scliwarzer Pnnktreibe an
Stelle des mittleren Anssenstreifens. Untersoite des ? der von ?1 aurnntkica
recbt iihnlicb, docb einfOrmiger, mit bedeutend scbmiilerer nnd kiirzercr, weiss-
licber Snbapikalbinde imd dnnkelbraunem Aussenrande der Vordcrfliigel. Mittcl-
streifen der Hinterfliigel, wie iiberbanpt alle iibrige Zeicbnnng derselbcn rcolit
verlosflien. Das ? steht aucb der K. fiiluiinia rccht nabe, nnter.scbeidet sicb
aber von demselben durch das Anftreten griinlicher Binden auf beiden Fliigehi,
sowie die ganz verscbiedene Unterseite. Aucb ist bei E. ol/ca die weissliibe
Binde der Vorderfliigel im obereu Teile deutlicber und die binter d«n weisslichen
Pnnkten stebenden scbwarzen Fleckcben striflifiirmig. " E. olica alhtila SuiFert"
(I.e.) ist nur cine ganz unbedoutende Aberration von E. olica.
Fliigelspanuung : 4'.) mm. (cJ); 00 mm. (¥); Vorderflttgellange : ~T mm.
bezw. 31 mm.
Kamerun (Barombi-Statiou, vou Prenss, i), Togo (MisabObe, 4. M.-lrz 1804,
von E. Banmaun, ?).
40. Euryphura aurantiaca Anr.
Diesc Art iindert ziemlieb stark ab. Bei eiuem 6 von Mukenge (von Pogge)
sind die Fliigel selir bell nnd die Zeicbnungen sebr scharf ansgepriigt. Anf den
Hinterfliigelu ist im Diskus riitlicber Scbimmcr sicbtbar. Die Unterseite der
Fliigel ist lebbaft weinrot, mit brauuen Zeicbnungen. Die Scbriigbinde der
Vorderfliigel ist sebr undeutlicb. Hingegen sind die weisson Flecke vor dem
Vorderwinkel der letzteren, sowie dem Innenwinkel der Hinterfliigel sebr gross
und die weissen Pnnktrciben beider Fliigel treten deutlicb bervor.
47. Cymothoe amphicede Cram.
Durcb Znfall gelangte die Herbst'sebe Type in die Sammlung des JInsenms
fiir Naturknnde. Da die Art so selten geworden ist, dass sie nicbt einmal Auri-
villius zn Gesicbt erbielt, wird es nicbt obne Interesse sein, eiuige Worte iiber
sie zn sagen. Sie stebt der C. consungtiinis Anr. am uiichsten, ist aber kleiner
nnd viel stiirker gczeicbnct als diesc. Der Vordcrrand der Vorderfliigel und die
Vordcrrandsadcrn derselbcn sind viel breiter scbwarz bescbnppt. Die innere
Saumbinde beider Fliigel ist so stark wie liei keiner andercn verwandten Art,
zusammcubiingend ; sie ist im oberen Teile ans starken Zacken, im unteren aus
dicken Monden znsanimengesetzt. Bei C. con.mngniiiis ist diese Binde auf den
Vorderfliigeln und in der oberen Hiilfte der Hinterfliigel nur durch Flecke
vertreten und nur im unteren Teile der Hinterfliigel biiugen zwei bis drei Zacken
(nicbt Monde) zusammen. Die iinssere Zackenbiude ist tief scbwarz und uus
viel stiirkeren Zacken zusiiiiimengcsctzt als bei C. coiimi/f/ninis. In Bezng anf
die Fliigell'orm ware zu bemerkeu, dass ( '. aiiqikiccdc viel zierlicber gebaut ist
( M'l )
als die g-i'uaiinte Art ; besonilors i'iillt dies an den wesontlifh sclilaiikoren Hiiiter-
fliigelu ant'. Die Vorderrandsadem der Hinterfliigel sind in dor inneren Hiilfte
iiicht scliwarz beschnppt wie bei ('. eoiitsaiii/i(//i/s. Die Unterseite ist lichter als
bei letzterer Art, weissgelblicb. Die Zackenlinie des Diskus beider FJugel stOsst
fast mit der ireraden Mittellinie znsammen. Hinter dieser ist l)ranii,u-rane Bescbnp-
jinug viel ansgedelintcr vorbanden als bei der genannteu Art. Die scbwarzen Fnukte
der letzteren vor dem Anssenrande sind durch scliwavze Striche vertreten.
Fliigelspannnng : 53 mm.; Vorderfliigellange : 28 mm. (1 cj).
Guinea.
48. Cymothoe adelina Hew. ¥-i". corsandra Drnce.
Andert smvohl in der Intensitiit als auch in der Ansdebnnng der braunen
Fiirbnng der Fliigel sehr stark ab. Entweder nimmt dieselbe <lie beiden ganzen
inneren Drittel der Fliigel ein oder ist nur anf eiue mehr oder minder breite
Mittelbinde besehriinkt. Sie variiert von ockerbraun bis dnukelbraun. Auch die
scbwarze Grandl'iirbung 1st zuweilen so dnnkel, dass das Stiiek ein sehr ver-
scliiedenartiges, di'isteres Ausselien erhiilt. 'N'on den weissen Vorderrandsflecken,
die Drnee erwiihnt, fehlt jede Spur, vielmebr ist der Vorderrand zuweilen selir
ausgedehnt verdnnkelt. Auch die Unterseite iindert von hellgrau bis dunkelgran ab.
PIERIDAE.
4',». Mylothris chloris F. ?-f. infuscata nov.
Weicht vom gewr)lii]lichen ? sehr stark ab. Der Apikalteil der Vorderfliigel
ist ausgedehnter schwiirzlich ; diese Fiirbung ist nlcht scharf abgeschuitten,
sondern geht in die (Jrundfarbe fiber. Ein ziemlich breiter Vorderrandsteil (die
ganze Mittelzelle einuehmend) und das Basalfeld sind schwiirzlich, vviihrend sie
bei gewuhnlichen ? rein weiss sind. Hinterfliigel im mittleren und ausseren
Telle schwiirzlichgrau. Vom Wurzelfeld ist der obere Tell gleichlalls schwiirzlich,
jedoch heller als der Aussenteil ; der untere Teil ist weisslich, jedoch stark mit
dnnklen Schuppen vermengt. Bei t\ pischen ? ist der ganze gnissere innere Teil
weiss. Sehr verschieden ist auch die Unterseite gefiirbt ; der innere Teil der
Mittelzelle der Vorderfliigel, sowie das Basalfeld der Hinterfliigel sind nicht
lebhaft orangegelb, sondern licht schwefelgelb, schwach gran bestreut. Apikalteil
der Vorderfliigelnnterseite gleichfalls breiter als gewiibnlich, nach innen scharf
begrenzt. Fleck auf Ader 2 stark.
Flligelspannung: 52 mm.; Vorderfliigelliiuge : 20 mm. (?).
West-Afrika (Edea, deutsche Endstation am Saunagah, Weiss, Verk.).
oil. Mylothi-is rembiua I'liitz ?-f. fusca nov.
Die Fliigelolierseite ist gan/, duukel ; nur der Innenrand der Hinterfliigel
ist hell, weisslich ; der Innenrand der Vorderfliigel ist kaum licht bestilubt.
Anf der Unterseite sind die Hinterfliigel nicht gelb, sondern gran, nach anssen
(vor dem dunklen Rande) weisslich, grau bestiiubt ; nur liings des Innenrandes
macht sich gelblicher Anflug bemerkbar. Auch die Vorderfliigel sind triilier
weiss, im Basalteile (Mittelzelle) durch dunkle Schuppen verdiistert. Fleckenbiude
der Vorderfliigel bis zur Ader 1 reichend.
Flfigclspannung : 53 mm.; Vorderfliigelliinge : 28 mm. (?").
Gaboon (coll. Maassen).
( l-'<' )
51. Mylothris rueppelli Kocli ?-f. kikuynensis nov.
Das gelb der Vorderflligi.'l winl (lurch lueiiuigrote Fiirlmng vertroten, dio
nutli deu basaleu Teil der Ilinterllii.nol einnimmt ; der gelbe Anflng tritt auf
beiden Fliigeln sobr zuri'uk. Scbwarzer Apikalteil dor Vorderfliigel breiter, eiu-
farbig, uicht woiss geteilt ; anrh die Aussenrandsflecke derselben sind grosser ;
der nnterste (aiif Ader 2) ist deutlieh ; der oberste (anf Ader 4) hiingt mit deiu
Ajiikalfeld znsammen. Unterseite der Fliigel gelblich ; aueh hier filllt die
lebliaft meuuigrote Fiirbuug des Basaltciles der Vorderfliigel, sowie de.s Wisebes
am Vorderrande der Hinterfliigel anf.
Fliigelspamiiiiig : 49 mm.; V(irderfliigell;iiige : '26 mm. (?).
Brit. Ost-Afrika (Kikuyu, 11. Mitrz 1002, vou E. Thomas).
52. Mylothris phileris B.
Ein c? zeichnet sick dadnreh ans, dass die Hinterfliigel liings des Aussen-
randi'S gelblich angeflogen sind, sehr ausgedehnt nud lutensiv vor dem Aiialwinkel.
Die Unterseite der Hinterfliigel ist nicht weiss, sonderu hellgelb, am intensivsten
im lunenraudsfelde.
53. Appias rhodope F.
Das ? kommt sowohl in eiuer auf den Vorderfliigeln ockcrgelblichen, anf
den Hinterfliigeln weisslichen, als auch in einer ganz weisslichen (gelbli<-h
angeflogenen) nnd in einer ganz schwefelgelben Form vor. Erstere Form
tindert wiedernm in der Inteusitiit der ockcrgelblichen Fiirbnng, die melir oder
weniger licht sein kann, ab ; feruer verschwindet bei einem ? die schwarze
Bestiinbnng an der Wurzel der Vorderfliigel giinzlich und die ockergelben
Eandflecke werdeu kleiner. Auf der Unterseite ist die gelbe Fiirbung der
Vorderfliigel znweilen nur anf die Basalhiilfte beschriinkt ; der iibrige Teil
ist weisslicli. Interessant ist eine oberseits weissliche, griinliciigelb angeflogene
Form des ¥ ; anf der Unterseite ist sie rein weiss ; die Flecke im Aussenrande
der Vorderfliigel sind ebenfalls griitilichgelb. Einer ganz citronengelben (unterseits
etwas lichteren) Form ist schon Erwiilmnng gethan. Ein weiteres ? ist
beiderseits anf den Hinterfliigeln hell gelblicli, anf den Vorderfliigeln weiss, mit
gelben Flecken am schwiirzlichen Itande der Oberseite ; bei diesem ? ist auch
unten anf den Vorderfliigeln eine Reihe schwarzer Flecke vor dem Kande
vorlianden. Eine S Form, bei der die orangerote Fiirbung anf der Oberseite der
Vorderfliigel bis iiber die Mitte der Zelle reicht, beuennt Snffert (///.-; .wii.
1904. ji. 70) als " r/iodojie do/wi-o.''
4. Appias phaeola Donlil. ?-f. ochrea nov.
AVilhrend das ? der Stammform oberseits ganz weiss nnd nnr in der
Mittelzelle der Vorderfliigel briiunlieh gefiirbt ist, zeichnet sich die nene Form
dnrcb ganz hell ockergelbliche Vorderfliijjel ans. Hinterfliigel nicht weiss, sondern
schmntzig gran, gelliiich aii'^cliogcii und schwiirzlich liestlinbt ; zwischen den
Sauinfleckeu gelb gefleckt. Auch die Unterseite der Vorderfliigel ist ganz gelb ;
Mittelzelle derselben ebenso wie Vonlerrand. der Hinterfliigel lebhaft goldgelb,
f 151 )
iiiilit meiuiigrOtlith. Li-tztere ileueu iler 8tammform iilinlicher als die
Vorderfliigel, docb mit stiirker liervortretenden gelben Touen.
Fliigelspanming : .j2 rum.; Vorderfliigelliinge : 29 mm. (?).
Togo (MisiihObe, 11. Mai 1895, von E. Baumann).
5.5. Appias epaphia Or.
Die weibliche Fiivm ulbida Mab. koramt aucb im koritineutalen Afrika vor,
z. B. Nyassa-See (Langeiibnvg, 23. Juli 1898 von Fiilleborn). 'Lwx Jhicida
Mab. kommen tjbergange vor und wird ein solcbes Exemplar von Mabillo
abgubildet (t. 36. f. 7). Das Berliner Museum besitzt ein Exemplar von
Mikindani (von Reimer).
5<i. Pieris cebron Ward.
Ein S aus Siid-Kameruu (Bipiudi, von G. Zenker) weicht in mancber
Hinsicbt ab. Der scbwarze Aussenrand der Vorderfliigel und die gleicbftirbigen
Randflftcke der Hinterfliigel sind sebr stark verscbmiilert. Auub die citronengelbe
Fiirlning ist eingesebriinkt, so an der Basis der Vorderfliigel, ganz besoiiders
aber aut-b auf den Hinterfliigeln, wo diese Fiirbung scbarf abgescbnitten ist (niclit
in die Gruudfarbe ilbergebt) ; sie debnt sich bier iiur bis zur Aden 2 ans nnd
nimmt nnr das inuere Drittcl der Mittelzelle ein. Ancb der Vorderrand und das
Ajiikiili'eld der Vorderfliigelunterseite sind weniger gelb ; die rote Ejirbung am
Vorderrandc der Hinterfliigel ist nnten etsvas ansgedebnter.
Fliigelspaunnng : 52 mm. ; Vorderfliigelliinge : 28 mm (cj).
57. Teracolus lanzi nov. sp.
T. hlhlrhriimlli Lanz (non Stdgr.), /'/.■.■ ix. p. I'JH, I'iO (IBOfi).
Nacb dem Material des Berliner Museums ist dies eine von T. hihlfJiraiHlti
verscbiedene Art. Obwobl sie von Lanz bereits gnt kenutlicb gemacbt wnrde, so
sei mir ein nocbmaliges Hervorbeben der Unterscbiede, besonders der des nocli
unbeschriebenen ?, von T. hildebramiti gestattet. Das c? bat ganz weisse Grnnd-
farbe der Fliigel ; die Basis ist nnr ganz schwacb gran bestiiubt, ebenso der
Vorderrand der Vorderfliigel, welrb' letztcrer zuweilen ganz licbt ersc.beint.
Mittclpunkt der letzteren deutlieb sebwarz, zuweilen verloscben. Der grosse
ockerlebmgelbliche Fleck wirti naeb anssen uiid olien nnr sebr f'ein begrenzt;
nacb innen ist der Raud nie so breit wie bei 7'. kiUlfhniruUi \ bisonders erweitert
er sicb vor dem Innenwinkel nie so stark ; meist endigt er bereits in der Mitte
der Zellc \h. Zuweilen weist dieser grosse Apikalfleck einen deutlichen riitlieb-
violetten Scbimmer auf. Hinterfliigel nicbt mit breitem schwarzeu Rande, sondern
nar mit kleinen scbwarzeu Flecken an den Adern, denen einwilrts ancb keiue
scbwiirzlicbe Bestiiubung vorangebt. Ebenso sind aucb die Adern des Saumfeldes
nicbt scbwarz bescbuppt. Am Vorderrande stebt nnr ein sebr verloscbenes, selten
etwas deutlicberes, zuweilen feblendes, scbwilrzlicbes Fleckcben. Sonst fehlt auf
den Hinterfliigeln jede Zeicbnung vollstiindig; nnr die Flecke der Unterseite
scbeinen schwacb durcb. Fransen nitlicb, im unteren Telle der Vorderfliigel nnd
in den beiden oberen Dritteln der Hinterfliigel weisslicb. Unterseite der Vorder-
fliigel weiss, im Basalfelde nicbt dunkelgrau und obue scbwiirzlicbe Binde dahintcr.
Mittelfleck klein, scbwarz. Apikalteil der Vorderfliigel und die ganzen Hin
( l'^2 )
lliigol cbamoisinfurben, fein braiin bcsprenkelt, ersteres nacli iaueii gelblicb. Pa
wo beide Fiirbniigen in ciuander libergehen, steht auf den Vorderfliigeln eine
Reihe branner, bronzcfarbig gliinzender Flecke, die (ebenso wie der Blittelpunkt)
anf der Oberseite hindnrchscliimmern. Adern des Anssenteils (aucb auf deu
Ilintcrfliigi'In) iiie schwarz, ebeuso I'ublen die scbwarzcn Eandflecke vollstiindig.
ilitteltieck der Hiiiterfliigel ganz verscbieden vou dem von T. Itihleljranclti, balb
moudformig, silbergliinzend, fein duukel gerandet. Hinter der Mitte verliiuft
eine gleichfavbigc, nieist aus 5 deutlicbeu nud 2 ( — 3) kk-inen Flecken zusammen-
gesetzte Heibe. An den Eiumiindnngeu der Adcru treteu feine duukle Fleckcben
anf. Der Mittelmond der Hinterfliigel ist bei oinem <? gelb gekernt ; in den
Zellen \b und 'Z der Vorderfliigel steben znweilen nocb zwei verloschene kleine
Flecks (als Fortsetzung der Fleckenreibe). Vorderrand der Hinterfliigel nnten
nnr sebr fein gelli. Kopf nelist Palpen, Halskragen, 8cUulterdeckeii, Brust und
Beine meist T(itlicli bebaart.
Sebr abweicbend ist auc-b das ? von V. hildrhnimlt'i ?. Auf der Oberseite
der Fliigel ist die dnnkle Zeiebnung niebt subwiirzlieb, simdern scbwiirzlicbgrau,
ini Basalfelde beider Fliigel stark weisslieb bestrcut. Mittelteil beider Fliigel
niebt gelb, sondern rein weiss. Die Wisebe im Apikal- (Ansseu)-Teil der
Vorderfliigel sind liinger und nicht gelb, sondern bellrot. Der grosse Fleck in
Zfclle \h der Vorderfliigel ist kleiner, und hiingt niebt mit dem Aussenrande
znsammen. Inncnrand derselben binter der Mitte bis knrz vor dem Analwinkel
weiss (niebt scbwarz). Fleckenreibe der Hinterfliigel viel kleiner, nacb unten
zu verloschen ; die schwiirzlicbe Aussenrandsbinde ist schmiiler und beller ; die
weissen Eandfleckeben.in der Zellen 2 — 0 sind erweitert ; Adern des Aussenteiles
niebt so scharf sebwarz. Uuterseits ist das ? auf den Vorderfliigeln niebt so
lebbaft, sonst dem T. liihlchmmUi ? tibnlieh gefarbt und gezeiehnet. Die Flecke
anf Ader 1 — 3 am Rande sind vorbandeu, die iibrigea Adern sind nacb ausseu
nicht schwarz. Der Snbapikalfleck ist gelb, nacb aussen hell gelblicb. Hinter-
fliigel nnten weisslicb, mit gelbem, scbwiirzlicb gerandetem Mittelflecke und
messinggelber, braun bestreuter Fleckenreibe binter der Mitte ; ibr V^erlauf ist
wie bei T. hiUh'hrandti ; doch sind die Flecke stiirker von einander getrennt.
Adern im Aussenfelde niebt stark schwarz. Der Basalteil hebt sich etwas
dnnkler, gran, ab. Brnst weiss. Anch auf der Unterseite ist das ? von
T. hihlehramlti (das hier fast ganz gelbe Hinterfliigel bat) sebr verscbieden, die
Unterscbicde von der letzteren sind so bedentcnd und bleiben sicb bei alien
Stiicken so gleich, dass es ansgeschlossen ist, dus 7'. Umzi eine Form von
7". hildchranciti sein ki'mute.
Fliigel spannnug : 42— .")2 mm. ; Vorderfliigellaoge : 22—27 mm. (!) ii); beim
eiuzigen ¥ 40 bezvv. 24 mm.
N.-Nyassa-See (Langenbuvg, 24.-25. Jlai 1809, 1 cJ ; 1<S. Jnni 1899, 2 iS von
Fiilleborn; Usafua, Beya-Berg— Songwe Flnss, 7. Juli 1899,2 $$, 8. Juli 1S99,
1 S, 14. Juli ]S09, 1 c?, von Goetze) ; Ost-Afrika. (I'bena Laiigeuburg, April 1890,
2 <?cJ, von Goetze ; Siidl. Ubebe, Iringa-Myololo, Miirz 1M)9, 1 ?, von Goetze).
( I-'> )
ON NORTH AMERICAN CEBATOFHYLLUS, A GENUS OF
SIPIIONAPTERA.
By the Hon. N. C. ROTIISCinLD, M.A., F.L.S.
(Plates VI. VJI. VIII. IX.)
OUR larii'e material of Ccratophi/llufi from Nortb America, especially British
Columbia and Alberta, has been left practically untouched, since we knew
that Mr. Carl Baker was working at a revision of the Nearctic Siphonaptera.
After the receipt of Mr. Baker's pajjer on this subject we have compared the species
in our possession, and give now the descriptions of those which we think are
undescribed. The ideutitication of the species is not alwa)'s easy, the insects being
sometimes very closely related to each other, but we hope not to have made very
glaring mistakes in the identification of Mr. Carl Baker's species, as that author has
been kind enough to give ns some cotypes, which have been of very great help.
The genus Ci'mtoplii/llas, as it now stands, will ultimately have to be divided
up into several genera ; but we think with Mr. Baker that a generic classification of
the Sijihonaptera sliould not be attempted without comparison of a large number
of species from all faunistic regions. For the purpose of identification the Nearcti(;
Ceratopki/llus can conveniently be separated into three groups :
I. Hindcoxa without comb of short teeth ou inner side ; second hindtarsal
segment with a long apical bristle which reaches beyond ape.\ of fourth segment.
Here belong species Nos. 1 — 5.
II. Hindcoxa without comb ; longest apical bristle of second hindtarsal
segment hardly reaching apex of third segment, seldom extending a little beyond
this segment. Here belong species Nos. 6 — 15.
III. Hindeoxa with comb. Here belong species Nos. 10 ami 17.
1. Ceratophyllus telchinum spec. nov. (PL VIII. fig. 21).
Head. — The eye-bristles stand in a straight row, the middle one being half-
way between the others. The row in front of tlie eye-bristles consists of three
shorter ones, there being an additional bristle higher up at the antennal groove.
There are numerous short hairs from the eye upwards. The frontal tubercle is
distinct. On the hinder part of the head there are about six short hairs along the
antennal groove, and above them one bristle behind the base of the antennal groove
and a longer one in the middle, the latter bristle being accompanied by a shorter
one standing obliquely above it. The distance from the long ventral bristle of the
subapical pair to the second bristle is larger than from the second to the third.
The rostrum reaches a little beyond the trochanter, the last segment being twice the
length of the preceding one.
Thorax. — The pronotal comb consists of sixteen to eighteen spines. Tlie
mesouotum has a row of small hairs laterally at the base, these hairs being more
numerous on the back, where they form several short irregular rows. There are
two rows of bristles on the meso- and metanotum, and between these rows, as well
r 154 )
as in front of tlieiu, tlR're are dorsiilly on each side several other long bristh's whieh
give the insect the appearance of having a mane. A similar arrangement of
bristles is fonud on the first abdominal tergite. The mesonotnm bears four or five
long slender sj)iues on each side before the apex, while the metanotum bears one
very small apical spine. The episternnm of the raetathorax bears one or two
bristles, and the epime^nm six (2.3.1.).
Abdomen. — The tergites 1 to 4 have one or two apical sjiines on each side.
There are two rows of bristles on tergites 2 to 7, the anterior row not consisting
of more than six on segments 4 to 7. The seventh tergite bears one long ai)ical
bristle, accompanied on each side by a small hair. Tiie stern ites of segments
3 to 7 bear two bristles on each side. In some of the sjieciniens these bristles
are accomjiauied by a small hair on the sixth and seventh sternites.
I^egs. — The hindcoxa does not bear any hairs on the inner surface from the
base to the middle, apart from those standing at the anterior edge. There are two
bristles posteriorly at the apex of the hindcoxa, the second being much thinner and
shorter than the first. There is one short bristle on the outer side of the iiiad-
femnr near the base. The hindtibia bears on the outer surface two rows of liristlcs.
The longer bristle of the dorsal subapieal pair is as long as the tibia is broad.
The tarsal segments have two rows of bristles on the ventral surface, the row
standing towards the frontal side of the insect having less bristles than the hinder
one. The hindtarsus is very characteristic. One bristle of each of the last three
posterior jjairs is very thin and much jirolonged, that of the apical pair reaching to
the middle of the fourth segment. One bristle of the apical anterior pair, again, is
long and stout, reaching nearly to the apex of the third segment. The longer
anterior apical bristle reaches nearly to the apex of the fourth segment, while the
corresponding bristle of tlie posterior side reaches to the base of that segment. The
first pair of lateral bristles of the fifth segment is distinctly dislocated towards the
middle, standing halfway between the second pair and the base. The measurements
of the mill- and hindtarsi are as follows : —
Modified Segments. — cJ. The eiglith tergiti^ is large, ami bears lichiMil the stigma
a patch of hairs, ;ind farther back six or seven long bristles. The eighth sternite is
very small, being almost concealed in the seventh. The process of the ciaspcr
(PI. VIII. fig. 21, r) is short and rounded, bearing three bristles at the apex and two
long bristles at the juncture with the finger. The manubrinm (m) is short and
broad, being rather abruptly pointed. The finger (k) is broad, being almost oblong,
bearing close to the distal edge one stout liristle at the lower corner, a longer one
at the upper corner, and between them three short stout sj)ine-like liristles. The
ninth sternite (PI. VIII, fig. 21) bears a patch of long thin bristles proximally of
the sinus.
Length : <J, IvS mm.
The mane of the thorax and of the first abdominal tergite, the hairs of the
hindtarsus, and the distinctive chxsping organs arc cluiracters by which this species
an be recognised,
( ^^^' )
Wo have two c? c? rolloetod liy IMr. G. F. Dippie, ns follows : —
1 S, Kicking Horse Caiivdn, V>. ('., October 1st, 1903. Efotomi/.'i ffftpperi.
\ (J, ,, ,, „ „ 5th, „ Soir.r- richardufwi.
Ceratophyllus poeantis
spec. UOV
(PI. VII. figs. 22, 23).
This species is allied to C. pro.rinmx Baker, of which onl\- /ewr/i'e.s are known.
It differs in that sex (according to Baker's fig-nre and a cotype) in having the last
segment of the rostrnm longer than the preceding one, and in the second hair of the
snhapical row of the occipnt being nearer to the dorsa! edge of the head tlian to
the long ventral bristle. Farther, the row of three or fonr hairs on the onter side
of the hindfemur of C. poeantis stands widely apart from the snbventral aj>ical hair.
Other slight differences between these two insects also exist.
Head. — There is a distinct frontal notch. Of the three eye-bristles the second
is the .smallest, standing close to the npper one, bnt placed a little in front of it.
The anterior row of bristles is represented by one bristle at the ventral edge behind
the palpi, another two-thirds the way towards the antennal groove, and a third
smaller one farther back, the last two being generally absent from the ? . The inter-
space between the long subapical ventral bristle of the hinder part of the head and
the second bristle is very large, the second bristle standing much nearer the dorsal
edge than the ventral corner, being, in fact, homologous to the third bristle of
proximus, the true second bristle being absent from poeantis. The rostrum reaches
beyond the trochanter, the fifth segment being longer than the fourth.
Thorax. — The pronotal comb consists of from eighteen to twenty spines. The
mesonotnm possesses in the S three or four irregular rows of very short hairs at
the base, while the ? has two almost regular rows of similar hairs. There are six
thin, long, subapical spines on each side. The mesotboracical episternum bears one
long and several small hairs. On the metanotum there are two to four apical spines
on the two sides together. The metathoracical episternum bears three bristles, the
sternum one, and the epimerum four (1.2.1.).
Abdomen. — There are two rows of bristles on all the tergites, and segments 1
to 4 bear, moreover, two apical spines on each side. The seventh tergite bears
one long apical bristle in the cJ, with a short one above it, and in the ? three
bristles, of which the ventral one is at least two-thirds the length of the middle one.
There is occasionally a fonrth bristle above and a fifth below the three, these
additional ones not standing on cones. The sternites of segments 3 to 7 bear
in the 6 three or fonr long bristles, with a few shorter ones in front, while in
the ? there are four to six bristles on segments 3 to 6, and seven or eight on
segment 7, with numerous small ones situated before them.
Legs. — The legs are as in proximus. The hindfemur, however, possesses on
the outer side a row of three or four bristles from the base to the middle, there being
a wide interspace between the last bristle of this row and the ventral subapical
bristle. The hindtibia has one lateral row of bristles standing near the dorsal pairs.
The measurements of the mid- and hindtarsi are as follows : —
Modified Segments, — <i . Tlio eighth strniite is sliort, tini;'('r-like, niid lii'iirs
from three to six verj' long bristles at the apex and often some small hairs
proximally of them (PI. VIII. fig. 'Si, viii. st.). The process of the claspur is
triangular, being short and broad. The finger has an almost evenly rounded distal
margin. It bears one long hair above the middle and three shorter ones fartiier
down, besides a number of smull ones, as shown in the figure (PI. VJII. fig. 23).
The two hairs at the junction with the clasper stand rather widely apart from one
another. The manubrium is curved ui)wards at the end and sharjily pointed.
?. The seventh sternite of the ? is trnneate, being very feebly emarginate.
The bristles of the eiglith tergitc arc distributed as shown in the figure (I'l. \'ill.
fig. 22).
Length : S, 2-8 mm. ; ?, 3'1 tu ;1'4 mm.
We liave a large scries of this species from : —
1 S, Bantf, Alberta, Canada, July Uth, Is'.ili. Mountain ( 'hipnninU. ((i. V. Dippie.)
9 2 9
■^ + ■*■ J V n )» J? )> 11 11 11 11
11 11 l-'tb, „ ,, ,, „
„ Aug. 2r'>tli, „ Says' Mountain Chipnmnk. „
11 11 ^1 n 11 11 11 11
„ July 5th, „ Mountain (Jcipher. „
11 11 11 11 11 11 11
„ 2Sth, ,, Spciiiiopliiliix rohiinbiaiitis. „
1 3, Canadian National Park, All)erta, Aug. IGth, ISDO. (O. p. Uippie).
1 i, Alberta, Canada, Oct. 21st, IDilO. I'Ntnriits Ifliu/iriuiJii.t/iH. ,,
■^ * J 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11
1 (?, San Francisco, Mts. Flagstaff, Ariz(nia, July 2flth, 1897. Sciuruii alirrti.
(Dr. Kunze.)
4 ? ?, San Francisco, Mts. Flagstaff, Ari/.ona, Jidy iJ'ith, 18'.»7. Sciurua nhi'rti.
^Dr. Kunze.)
5 ii, (iolden,P,. (_;., June 18th, 10ii-2. YelidW-licilied Jhirinot. (W. AVeninann.)
'*■♦¥) )' » 11 )i )) 11 11 '-'
3. Ceratophyllus acamantis spec. uov. (PI. VlTl. figs. 24,2.")).
Head.— There is a distinct frontal tubercle. The eye-row consists of three
bristles, of which the u]ij)er two stand close togetiier, the second being sometimes
replaced by a small hair. Anterior to this row there is one bristle at the oral edge,
and in most malea a hair at the antennal groove. On the hinder part of the head
there is only one lateral bristle besides the subapical row, the bristle standing in
the middle above the antennal groove. The rostrum is very long, reaching to the
apex of the anterior femur.
Thorax. — The jironotal comb consists of eighteen to twenty sj)ines. The
mesonotum liears laterally at the base one row of minute hairs (tliese liairs being'
much more numerous on the back), and has on each side a row of six or seven
slender subapical spines. The metanotum bears, like the mesonotum, two rows of
bristles, the first row containing less tluin ten on the two sides together. There are
two apical spines on each side. The metathoracical ej)isternum bears three bristles,
seldom four, while the sternite possesses only one. On the epimerum there are
three or four bristles.
Abdomen. — There are two rows of bristles on each tergite, Tcrgitcs 1 to 4 have
( 1^7 )
two spines or one spine on each side. On the seventh tergite there is in the S one
long apical bristle, and above it a small hair, while in the ? there are three bristles,
of which the lower one is at least two-thirds the length of the middle one. The
first sternite bears in the S a few extremely small hairs on the side, and in the ¥
one or two longer ones in addition, besides a ventral pair. The sternites of the third
to seventh segments have two or three bristles on each side in the <?, and a few
small hairs in front of them. In the ? there are six or seven bristles on the
sternites of the fifth and seventh segments, wliilo the sternites of segments 4 and 6
bear five bristles, exclusive of some smaller hairs standing in front of them.
Legs. — The hindcoxa is about oue-fifth longer at the meral sntnre than it is
broad. The hairy area of the inner side extends to the base. The hindfemur has
one subapical bristle, and on the inner side a lateral row of eight or nine in the cj
and eleven or twelve in the ? . The hindtibia bears on the outer side a lateral row
of si.K or seven bristles, and on the inner side a row of six or eight. The dorsal
bristles are partly very long, the longer one of the subapical pair being about twice
as long as the tibia is broad. The tarsal segments have very few bristles on the
ventral surface. The longest apical lateral bristle of the first hindtarsal segment
reaches beyond the apex of the second segment. The measurements of the niid-
and hindtarsi are as follows : —
Modified Segments. — (J. The eighth tergite is very large; it bears a patch
of about ten bristles below the stigma, and numerous long bristles at and near
the ventral edge (PI. VIII. fig. 25). The eighth sternite is small, long, and canoe-
shaped, and has many long bristles ventrally at and before the apex. The process
of the clasper is broad and rounded, being longer than the finger. It jMssesses two
small hairs at the apex and two long bristles at the juncture with the finger, there
being below these two or more short bristles (PI. VIII. fig. 25, i>). The finger is
long and pointed, its proximal edge being nearly straight, while the distal edge is
evenly curved (PI. VIII. fig. 25, f). It bears two long and several short bristles, as
shown in the figure. The manubrium (m) is curved downwards at the apex. The
ninth sternite bears proximally of the sinas two bristles, and further towards the
base two flat, pointed, modified bristles, which somewhat resemble the Ijlade of a
knife.
? . The seventh sternite is very slightly sinuate below the upper angle. The
upper angle of the eighth tergite (PI. VIII. fig. 24) is acute. There are two bristles
below the stigma and three at and near the apical edge of the eighth tergite.
Proximally of these three there are some spine-like bristles, and further towards
the base about twelve more bristles, as shown in the figure. The stylet is not more
than three times as long as it is broad. At the angle of the anal tergite below the
insertion of the stylet there are one long and several short bristles.
Length: (J,2-><mm. ; ?, 3-08 mm.
The sexual organs of the S of this species are quite different from those of
('. montanua Baker ; the ¥ , moreover, can be distiugnished from that sex of
moiitaiius by the seventh tergite possessing three apical bristles, and by. the length
( 15S )
of the dorsal bristlos of the himltiliia and the apical bristles of the hiiidtarsal
segments.
We have a large series of this iusect, as follows : —
0 (?c?,Okanagan, B. C, Ajiril 17th, 1!H|-,'. Mcpliitissjjissiyrada. (Allan Brooks.)
^ ^ * ) )) J) T? ') )) J> JJ »1
lU SS, „ „ March :i5th, l'.M}2. Arctomi/sJ^afiee/Ucr atarus. (Allan
Brooks.)
•5 ? ? , Okaiiagau, B. 0., March '^hi\i, l'.i(i2. Arcfomi/s Jlaciccntcr amrus.
(Allan Brooks.)
1 ?, Sumas, B.C., March 1903. Putorins rncn/uiHcnos. (Allan Brooks.)
1 ?, Eagle River, Sicamous, September Oth, HH)3. Vains latraiif. (G. V.
Dijipie.)
4. Ceratophyllus terinus spec. uov.
(PI. VIII. fig. 26 ; IX. fig. 29).
A very pale species, allied to C. divisus Baker, but differing in having a
very much shorter rostrum. It is distinguished, moreover, by the complete fusion
of the metathoraoical episteruum with the sternum, and of the epimerum with the
notnm, as well as by other characters pointed out below.
Only the ? is known.
Head. — The acute frontal tubercle is situated in a groove. The vestigial eye
is nearly horizontal, being halfmoon-shaped. There is a row of four bristles across
the eye, and another row of four immediately in front of it. The hinder part of the
head bears one bristle behind the base of tiie antennal groove, and two or three in
the middle. There is one long bristle near the ventral posterior angle, not two as
in (.'. igiiotiM. The rostrum is shorter than the forecoxa.
Thorax. — The prouotum has a comb of eighteen to twenty spines. The
thoracieal tergites bear one row of bristles only. The mesoaotum has, moreover,
a very few minute hairs at the base, and three or four hair-like spines before the
ape.x. There are one or two bristles on the raesosternum. The metathora.x is
very characteristic of this species (PI. IX. fig. 21)). The metanotnm has no
apical si)ine. The metathoracic episternum is completely fused with tlie sternum,
the suture being absent. The portion of the plate thus formed which corresponds
to the episternum is narrow. There are no bristles on this plate. The meta-
thoracic epimerum is fused with the uotum ; but here the suture between the two
plates is vestigial in front and behind. The epimerum bears five bristles (1.3.1.),
sometimes six.
Abdomen.— There is only one row of bristles on the abdominal tergites. The
first tergite bears four or three apical spines on each side, the second one, the third
also one or no spine. On the seventh tergite there are three apical bristles, of which
the ventral one is two-thirds the length of the middle one. The basal sternite is
without hairs, while the following four sternites bear three or four, and the sternite
of the seventh segment five, on each side.
Legs.— The hindcoxa is rounded, its width being about three-fourths the length
of the meral suture. There are hardly any hairs on the hindcoxa, except at the
apex and at the anterior edge from the apex to the middle. Posteriorly at the
apex there are two bristles standing very widely apart. Tliere are no hairs on the
lateral surfaces of the femora. The hiudtibia has six dorsal incisions, the apical
( loO )
one inclnded, aad bears on the onterside a row of five hairs, the iunerside being
devoid of hairs. The longer Ijristle of the sabapical dorsal pair is as long as, or
shorter than, the tibia is broad. The longest dorsal apical bristle of the midtibia
reaches bej'oiid the second tarsal segment. The tarsi have scarcely any hairs on the
ventral surface. The first segment of the midtarsus is longer than the second.
The longest apical bristle of the first hindtarsal segment reaches to the apex of the
second, while that of the second segment extends to the claw. The fourth hind-
tarsal segment is a little longer than it is broad, and the fifth is shorter than the
second. The first pair of bristles of the fif'tli tarsal segment is quite ventral,
standing in between the second pair. The measurements of the mid- and hindtarsi
arc as follows : —
Modified Segments. — The apex of the seventh sternite is slanting and feebly
emarginate. The eighth tergite bears no bristles above the stigma and only one
below it, there lieiiig a ]iii(ch of bristles ventrally at the apex (PI. VIll. fig. 26).
The eighth sternite is sharply pointed, bearing a few extremely small hairs at
the apex. The anal tergite has comparatively few bristles, which are slender, there
being no spine-like ones as in most other species. The stylet is feebly curved down-
wards at the base.
Length : ? , 2-4 mm.
We have three ? ? of this insect from Mabel Lake, B. ('.., May 6th, l'JU2, from
Spermopldlus columbianus, collected by Mr. Allan Brooks.
The fusion of the metathoracic notum with the epimerum, and of the sternum
with the episternnm, is a peculiar character which this species shares with C.dicisus
Baker. In the latter species, however, the fusion is not so far advanced, the
ejiisternal suture being indicated and there being a bristle present on the piece
tlius imperfecttly separated from the sternum. The vestige of the suture between
the notum and the ejiimerum is also more distinct in dicistis. In C. iynottm Baker,
which agrees with diciisux and the new species in having the eye vestigial, no
such fusion in the metathorax has taken place.
5. Ceratophyllus bacchi spec. uov. (PI. IX. fig. 34).
\\\' know only the S of this species.
Head. — The frontal tubercle is distinct. There are a row of three bristles
and some minute hairs in front of the eye, and before that row one bristle at
the oral edge and another at the antennal groove. The hinder part of the head
bears a row of eight or nine short hairs above the antennal groove and a single
lateral bristle before the middle. The second bristle of the subapical row is reduced
to a small hair. Tiie rostrum reaches to the base of the femur, the last segment
being not (piite twice the length of the last but one.
Thorax.— The jirouotum bears a comb of sixteen or seventeen spines. The
( I'-n )
mesouotnm 1ms two rows of bristles aiul, at the base, two irregular rows of very
short hairs, the back being provided, moreover, with a number of short hairs
from the base to the iirst row of bristles. There are five or six long thin subajiical
spiues on each side. The metanotum bears two rows of bristles, and dorsally in
front of them two or three additional hairs. It has one spine at the ape.x. The
episternum of the metathorax bears two or three bristles and the sternum one
or two, while there are three or tive iiristles on the epimcrum (1.1.1., or
2.:.'.].).
Abdomen. — The abdominal tergites have each two rows of bristles, the
anterior row of the fifth and sixth segments not containing more than six bristles
on the two sides together. The first three tergites bear each one apical s])ine,
the second having sometimes two. There is one long apical bristle on the seventh
tergite, accomjianied by two short hairs. The first sternite bears one hair on each
side, while the sternites of segments 3 to 7 have three.
Legs. — The hindfemnr bears on the inner side a row of about eight hairs. The
hindtibiae have on the outer side one row of hairs, and several additional hairs
between this row and the dorsal edge. The longer bristles of the second, iifth and
last dorsal pairs of hairs of the hindtibiae are long, while all the other dorsal
bristles are short. There are very few hairs on the ventral side of the tarsi. The
first hindtarsal segment is very long, being about two-thirds the length of the
hiudtibia. Its bristles arc short, except one of the penultimate posterior pair
and the posterior apical one, the latter reaching to the apex of the fourth segment.
The corresponding bristles of the second segment are also long, the apical one
reaching to the middle of the fifth segment, the apical bristle on the anterior side
of the segment being nearly the same length. The bristles of the fifth segment
are all lateral, the third ]]air being, however, soro.ewhat dislocated towards the
middle, as is the case in most species. The measurements of the mid- and hind-
tarsi are as follows : —
Modified Segments. — d. The eighth tergite is broadly emarginate distally,
bearing four or rive bristles near the ujjper angle and five or six near the ventral
angle. The eighth sternite is rather large and bears a patch of hairs at the apex.
The process of the clasper (PI. IX. fig. 34, p) is rounded, bearing a few hairs
at the apex and two bristles at the juncture with the finger. The latter is
rounded, club-shaped, bearing one long bristle at the distal edge near the apex
and five shorter ones, as shown in the figure (I'l. IX. fig. 34, f). The ninth
sternite (ix. st.) bears on each side two long broad sabre-shaped bristles proximally
of the sinus, besides some small hairs.
Length : cj, 2o mm.
We have six specimens of tliis sjjecies, colloi'ted by Mr. G. F. l)ij)pie, as
follows : —
3 cJcJ, Hed Deer, Alberta, Canada, April 20th, luul. Siwrmopldlus IJ-liiicatas.
^66, „ „ „ May Uth, „ „ „
( 161 )
0. Ceratophyllus eumolpi spec. nov. (PI. VI. fig. 2, 3, 4).
Head. — The head bears a small frontal tubercle. In front of the tliree eye-
bristles there is in the male a further row of four hairs, continued ujjwards at tlio
autennal groove by two more bristles. The anterior row is present also in the
female, but some of the bristles are much reduced in size. Tiiere are, moreover,
several small hairs in front of the eye and along the antennal groove. The occiput
bears one bristle behind the base of the antennal groove, and two in the centre.
Below this long snbapical ventral bristle there is a rather long hair at the ventral
corner of the head. The rostrum reaches beyond the apex of the trochanter, the
last segment being twice the length of the last but one.
Thorax. — The pronotal comb consists of eighteen spines. The small hairs
of the pronotal row are posterior in position to the long bristles. The mesonotum
bears two rows of bristles, besides numerous small hairs found on the back and
halfway down the sides. There are five hair-like subapical spines on each t-ide.
The mesothoracical episternum bears numerous small hairs from the upper corner
downwards. On the metanotum there are two rows of bristles, and some additional
hairs forming an abbreviated third row. There is one apical spine. The meta-
thoracical epimerum bears six bristles (2.3.1.), occasionally with a single small
hair placed above the basal pair and another behind the stigma.
Abdomen. — There are two rows of bristles on the tergites, with one or two
bristles in front of them, the anterior row not extending down to the stigma on
the seventh segment. This segment bears in the male one long apical bristle
with a minute hair above and below it, and in the female three bristles of which
the lower one is about half the length of the middle one. The first tergite bears
one or two apical spines on each side, the second two or three, the third one or two,
the fourth one or none. On the basal sternite there are one or two bristles, and
towards the base some extremely small hairs. The next four sternites bear in the
male two or three, and in the female three or four bristles, besides a number of
small hairs before them, these hairs being more numerous in the female than in
the male. The seventh sternite bears in the male four bristles, with about four
shorter ones in front, while in the female there are five to seven bristles and
about twelve shorter ones. On the sternites of segments 3 to 7 there is generally
a number of very minute hairs near the upper bristles.
Legs. — On the outer side of the forefemur there are about ten small hairs. The
hindfemur bears, besides the subventral apical bristle, one or two on the outer
surface and four on the inner side. The mid- and hindtibiae boar two rows of hairs
on the outer side, the hindtibia having on the inner side a row of from seven to nine.
The fifth and subapical pairs of dorsal bristles of the hindtibia stand widely separate,
with one or two small hairs in between. The midtarsus of the male is characteristic.
The first segment, which is a little longer than the second, bears on the hinder side
a number of very long thin bristles (PI. VI. fig. 4), the longest apical one reaching
beyond the middle of the third segment. The second segment has also some long
thin bristles, the longest reaching to the fourth segment. In t\\Q female the bristles
are normal. The longest posterior apical bristle of the first hindtarsal segment
reaches in both sexes nearly to the apex of the second segment, the longest apical
anterior bristle of the second segment extending to the apex of the third. The
fourth segment of the hindtarsus is nearly twice as long as it is broad. The first
lateral pair of bristles of the fifth tarsal segment is placed somewhat towards the
11
( 162 )
middle, ruiuaiuing, however, j)Voxiraal in position to the second pair. The
measurements of the mid- and hiudtarsi are as follows : —
Modified Segments. — c?. The eighth tergite has about ten long bristles in the
dorsal half and a nearly vertical row of three pro.ximally from near the ventral
edge upwards. The eighth sternite is long, narrow, and rod-like, bearing at the
apex two long bristles and a number of shorter ones further back (PI. VI. fig. 3).
The finger is long, bearing three blunt spines, and above them a bristle as shown in
the figure, another bristle standing at the u])per edge near the proximal angle
(PI. VI. fig. 3). The proximal portion of the ninth sternite (ix. st.) is short and
rather narrow, bearing two bristles near the sinus, one short spine-like one beyond
them, and about fourteen hairs proximally of them. The distal portion of the ninth
sternite is long and large, bearing proximally at the ventral edge numerous short
bristles, the ventral portion being moreover sinuate near the apex.
? . The seventh sternite is truncate, with the upper angle produced as a broad
rounded lobe (PI. VI. fig. 2). The eighth tergite bears three bristles at the apex
and three short spine-like ones proximally of them, besides a number of short and
long bristles as shown in the figure (PI. VI. fig. ",'). The stylet is about twice as
long as it is broad. The spine-like bristles on the anal sternite are heavy and curved.
Length: 3,2-'imxa.; ? , 2-8 mm.
We have a large series of this species, as follows : —
4 cJc?, Banff, Alberta, August 8th, 1809. Tumias borealis. (G. F. Dippie.)
4 S ?
2 6S, „ „ July 22nd, „
4 9 9
3 cJcJ, Red Deer, Alberta, May .5th, I'JOl. „ „ „
b + T ) )) » )) )) J) )) )) ),
8 (SS, „ „ J, „ 10th,,, „ „ „
■^ ^ ^ ^ J JJ JJ )> ?j JJ JJ JJ JJ JJ
3 c?cJ, Canadian National Park, Alberta, August 3rd, ISO'.*. Tamias borealis.
((>. F. Dijipie.)
4 ? ?, Canadian National Park, Alberta, August 3rd, ISO'J. Tamias borealis.
(G. F. Dippie.)
3 c?(?, Hospital Creek, near Golden, B. ('., Blay 31st, 11)02. Chliimuuk.
(W. Wenmaun.)
0 ??, Hospital Creek, near Golden, B. C., May 31st, 1002. Chijjmuuk.
(\V. Wenmann.)
1 ?, Okanagan, B. C., April 12th, 1902. Eutamias quadrieittat.iis affinis. (Allan
Brooks.)
3 jc?, Okanagan, B. ('., April 22nd, 1902. Picked up in dust at bottom of
pine tree. (Allan Brooks.)
5 ? ?, Okanagan, B. ('., April 22nd, 19o2. Picked up in dust at bottom of
dne tree. (Allan Brooks.)
( 103 )
7. Ceratophyllus quirini spec. nov. (PL VI. fig. 1).
In the S of this sjjecies— we do not know the ?— the first midtarsal segment
is long, and hairy as in eumolpi.
Head. — The head is similar to that of emnolpi, but the anterior row of bristles
on the frontal part is represented only by some minnte hairs. The hair at the
posterior ventral corner of the occiput standing below the long ventral bristle of
the snbapical row is short. The rostrum is also shorter than in emnolpi.
Thorax. — The hairs in front of the two rows of bristles on the meso- and
metanotum are fewer in number than in eumolpi. The mesonotnm bears two or
three hair-like snbapical spines on each side. The sternum of the mesothorax has
only two or three small hairs. The snbapical bristle of the metathoracical episternum
is absent (in our only specimen).
Abdomen. — The anterior row of bristles of the tergites contains fewer bristles
than in numolpi, the row not extending down to the stigma. The lateral bristles
are widely separate and minute. The spines on the first three tergites are two, one,
and one on each side. On the seventh tergite the dorsal bristles of the posterior
row stand close together, and are nearer the apex of the segment than is usually
the case. The long apical bristle is accomjmnied by one minute hair standing
above it. There are no bristles on the first two sternites, but some minute pale
dots — the jioints of insertion of extremely small hairs — similar dots being found
also on the other sternites. The sternites of segments 4 to 6 bear one bristle,
while that of the seventh segment bears one or two bristles, with one hair placed
in front.
Legs The furefemur has about six small hairs on the outer side. On the
hindfemur there is no lateral hair on the outer side, while on the inner side there is
one near the base, fullowed by one or two short ones further back. The mid- and
hindtibiae bear two rows of bristles on the outer side, the hindtibia having on the
inner surface a row of three or four. The third dorsal pair of bristles of the
hindtibia is re])resented by two small hairs. The first midtarsal segment bears
several long thin bristles on the hinder side, the longest ajiical bristle extending
beyond the middle of the third segment. The bristles of the second segment are
normal, the longest apical one reaching only beyond the middle of the fourth
segment. The hindtarsus is similar to that of eumolpi, but the longest apical
bristle of the anterior side is shorter. The measurements of the mid- and hindtarsi
are as follows : —
Modified Segments. — i. The eighth tergite does not bear any bristles, except
some short ones behind and below the stigma and two long ones near the ventral
margin. The eighth sternite is similar to that of eumolpi, but is rather wider at
the apex. It bears two very long bristles at the apex, one on each side, and several
short hairs in front of them. The manubrium of the clasper is obtuse. The
process of the clasper is longer and slenderer than in eumolpi (PL VI. fig. 1). The
finger is peculiar in shape, being long, with the distal margin angnlate below the
( 164 )
middle and concave between this angle and the apex (PI. VI. fig. 1, f). There is a
long heavy bristle at the angle, with a short one above it. Another small bristle
stands at the apical margin near the distal corner. The proximal i)ortion of the
ninth sternite bears a row of bristles at the ventral edge. The distal portion is
curiously curved, bearing a row of bristles at the ventral edge, which row extends
from the sinns of the sternite two-fifths of the way to the apex.
Length : cj, 2-S mm.
We have five specimens of this s])ecies, collected by Mr. G. F. Dippie :--
1 tS, Ked Deer, Alberta, Canada, August 4th, I'.Hil. Ecotom>/s gapijeri.
4 cJcJ, „ „ „ April 28th „ „ saturatus.
8. Ceratophyllus abantis spec. nov. (PI. VI. fig. 10).
This is a paler insect than cumolpi and quirhii.
Head. — The head agrees in the main with that of cicmolpi. The rostrum is
shorter, not reaching to the apex of the forecoxa.
Thorax. — The mesothoracical sternum bears about six small hairs from the
upper end downwards. On the mesonotum there are four or five subapical hair-like
spines. The metanotum bears one or two apical spines on each side.
Abdomen. — The numbers of apical spines on the first four tergites are as
follows : one, two, two, one. The dorsal bristles of the second row of the seventh
tergite stand close together, as in qidrini. The sternites are as in cuinol/ii, but
have rather fewer hairs in front of the long bristles.
Legs. — The forefemur bears on the outer side six small hairs. The midfemur
has no lateral hairs on the outer side, and only one on the inner side. The hind-
femur bears one on the outer side and four on the inner side, apart from the ventral
snbapioal bristle. The mid- and hindtibiae bear on the outer side two rows of hairs,
the hindtibia bearing on the inner surface a row of five or six. The longer bristle
of the third dorsal pair of bristles of the hindtibia is longer than the subapical pair.
The first niidtarsal segment is proportionately longer than in eumolpi and quiriiu,
being hairy on the ventral surface, while the lateral bristles are not prolonged as
in those species. The measurements of the mid- and himltarsi are as follows : —
I
BCodified Segments. — S. The eighth tergite bears four bristles along the
dorsal edge from the stigma backwards, and on the side eight more, besides
two long ones which stand near the ventral margin, one above the other. The
eighth sternite (PI. VI. fig. lu) is dilated in the middle, being laucet-shaj)ed. It
bears two bristles at the tip and a row of hairs from the apex to the middle, besides
a number of very minute hairs. Tlie manubrium of the clasper is rounded iit the
apex. The process of the clasper (PI. VI. fig. 10, r) is club-shaped. The finger
is very large, being broadest at the apex, bearing near the distal edge three heavy
spines, of which the ventral one is long and acute, while the two others are less
than half the length and blunt. The third stands at the rounded apical distal
( le^ )
angle with a thin bristle above it, while the second is placed halfway between the
first and third. The finger is emarginate between the first and second spines. The
ninth sternite is similar to that of quiriiii.
Length : S , 2-8 mm.
We have two SS of this species, collected by Mr. G. F. Dippie :^
1 c?, Canadian National Park, Alberta, August 17th, 1899. Putorius longi-
cauil'itiiit.
1 S, Horse Greek, Upper Colnmbia Valley, B. C, October 13th, 1903. Microtis
drummondi.
9. Ceratophyllus euphorbi spec. nov. (PI. VI. fig. 11).
Head. — In front of the three eye-bristles there is a single bristle near the
antennal groove, and a second smaller one further upwards. On the occiput there
are three bristles along the antennal groove between the long ventral subapical
one and the base of the antennal groove. The second bristle of the subapical row
is absent, the interspace between the long ventral bristle and the next being large.
The rostrum reaches to the end of the trochanter, the last segment being twice the
length of the penultimate one.
Thorax. — The pronotnm bears a comb of nineteen spines. On the mesonotum
there are two rows of bristles, with a number of additional hairs on the back.
At the base the mesonotum bears two irregular rows of short hairs, and before the
apex, on each side, a row of five hair-like spines. The mesothoracical sternum
bears abont ten hairs. On the metanotum there are two rows of bristles and one
or two additional dorsal bristles close to the anterior row. The metanotum bears
one spine on each side. The epimerum of the metathorax has four or five bristles
(1.2.1., or 2.2.1.).
Abdomen. — The tergites bear two rows of bristles and two or three additional
bristles on the back close to the anterior row. This anterior row is not complete
on tergites 4 to 7. The lowest bristle, which is small and stands above the
stigma, is separated from the next by a wide space. The seventh tergite has one
long apical bristle, accompanied on each side by a minute hair. The first sternite
bears one rather long bristle, the other sternites three, there being no hairs in front
of these bristles.
Legs.— The forefemur has about nine hairs on the outer surface. The mid-
femur bears on the inner side two, the hindfemur three bristles, there being none
on the outer surfaces. There are two lateral rows of bristles on the outer side of
the mid- and hiudtibiae, and a row of five or six on the inner side of the hindtibia.
The first foretarsal segment bears two long slender bristles on the hinder side, the
apical one nearly reaching to the apex of the second segment. The lateral bristles
of the hindtarsus are rather hairy, the longest posterior apical one reaching beyond
the base of tlie subapical pair of the second segment. The measurements of the
mid- and hindtarsi are as follows :—
( 166 )
Modified Segments. — The eighth tcrgitc bears fonr bristles at the dorsal edge
from the stigma to the apex, the first being thin and short and the fourth standing
close underneath the third. There fire, moreover, about five more bristles further
down, nnd a vertical row of three near the ventral margin. The eighth sternite is
long, rod-like, and curved, bearing one bristle at the apex on each side (PI. VI.
fig. 11, viii. St.). The process of the clasjier (PI. VI. fig. 11, r) is broad, being
ronnded at the apex, nearly reaching to the tip of the finger and bearing at the
distal side a pair of long bristles halfway down towards the insertion of the finger.
The latter is long, being almost straight on the proximal side, but evenly ronnded
on the distal side. It bears five bristles at the distal side, of which the ventral
one is (he stoutest and the uppermost the longest (PI. VI. fig. 11, f). The
manubrium (ji) is nearly straight at the apex and obtuse, though its apical fifth is
rather narrower than in most species. The outline of the ninth sternite cannot be
made out from the single specimen at our disposal. It bears a patch of hairs before
the middle.
Length : c?, 2-4 mm.
We have 1 c? from Horse Creek, Upper Columbia Valley, B. C, October 13tli,
1903, from Peromijscm canadensis, collected by Mr. G. F. Dijipie.
10. Ceratophyllus aeger spec. nov. (PI. VI. figs. 5, 7, 9).
This insect is very closely allied to C. wickhami Baker, being perhaps only a
geograjihical form of it. It is distinguished in both sexes by there being eight or
nine hairs on the outerside of the hindtibia, instead of the five or six (seldom seven)
found in wickhami. The hindtarsus is shorter than in that species, especially the
fourth and fifth segments. The second hindtarsal segment bears three pairs of
bristles on the posterior side, including the apical bristles, the first pair standing far
before the middle. The measurements of tlie mid- and hiudtarsi of tcickliaiiti and
the new species are as follows : — •
In the male oi aeger the eighth tergite bears two bristles near the ventral edge
instead of three. The eighth sternite is small in both species. It is without
bristles, and is more reduced in ai'ger than in n-irhhami. The internal vertical
process is shorter, and the long membraneous apical lobe (which bears minute hairs)
is narrower thiin in Baker's 'species. The process of the clasper is much broader
than in «'ie/r'/OTw/ [(compare PI. VI. fig. o with fig. (i). The finger is narrow at the
( l(i7 )
top, the rounded npper margin being shorter.* The proximal lobe of the ninth
sternite is anteriorly rounded in wickhdud (PI. VI. fig. 8), while it is sharply
angnlate in aeqer (PI. VI. fig. 7). The spine situated on this lobe is thinner in the
new species, and the large apical portion of the ninth sternite is shorter and
broader in irirkliand than in ae(/er, while the manubrium of the clasper is broader
in the new species than in wiclthami.
In the female the longest apical liristle on the posterior side of the first
hindtarsal segment reaches beyond the insertion of the subapical pair of the second
segment. The corresponding bristle of this latter segment extends almost to the
liase of the apical bristles of the third, while these bristles are shorter in icickhami.
The sinus of the seventh sternite (PI. VI. fig. 9) is rather wider, and the spine-like
bristles at the lower edge of the eighth tergite thinner, than in unckhami.
We have four examples of this insect, collected by Mr. G. F. Dippie ;—
2 S 6, Red Deer, Alberta, May 22nd, 1901. Peromyscus arcdcus.
1 + > )) )> )I >> I> !> )I I)
1 ? , ,, „ „ April 28th, „ Evotomi/s saturatiis.
11. Ceratophyllus agilis spec. nov. (PI. VII. figs. 10, 17, 18).
This species is closely allied to C. sexdentatus Baker, of which we have one
pair kindly given us by the author. The differences between the two insects are
slight, but quite constant iu our series of Ceratophijllus agilis. It is probable that
intermediate specimens will be found in other localities confirming our supposition
that we have here to do with varieties rather than with distinct species.
Both sexes differ from sexJeittatas in the longest apical bristle on the hinder
side of the first hindtarsal segment reaching nearly to the apex of the second
segment. This bristle extends iu sexdentatus hardly beyond the subapical pair of
l)ristles. A further difference is that the hindtibia bears five or six hairs on the
inner surface instead of three. The male, moreover, can be distinguished by the
following characters. In Cenitophyllus agilis the eighth tergite bears behind and
below the stigma about fifteen bristles (PI. VII. fig. 17, viii. t.), while in sexdentatus
there are only eight or nine, inclusive of some very small ones (PI. VII. fig. 15, viii. t.).
The finger (PI. VII. fig. 16) bears in Ceratophi/llus agilis only five spines instead of
six. The proximal lobe of the ninth sternite is rectangular proximally.
Apart from the longer apical bristle of the first hindtarsal segment and the
larger number of bristles on the innerside of the hindtibia, there is apparently
nothing by which to distinguish the female of agilis from that of sexdentatus.
The seveuth.sternite (PL VII. fig. 18, vii. st.) is very deeply sinuate, being produced
above the sinus into a long finger-like lobe, which varies somewhat in outline. The
position of the bristles on the eighth tergite is shown in the figure referred to.
Length : S, 2-5 mm. ; ? , .3 to 3-4 mm.
We have a very large series of this sjiecies, as follows : —
2 c?c?, Banff, Alberta, August 8th, 1899. ]S!eotom,a cinerea. (G. F. Dippie.)
4 2 9
10 cJ(J, „ „ „ 9th, „ Bushy-tailed AVood-rat. „
11) + + , ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, )>
* In Baker's fiftme the finger is drawn narrow at tlic tnp and sbarply truncate. In a male received
from Mr. IJakcr, and in our otticr two innlrs of n-ir/i/uiiii!, the finger is much broader and mnch more
rounded at the top tliau iu Bak figure.
( Kif^ )
1 J, Banff, Alberta, Jnly 2Gtb, 1899. Ochotona prim-cps. (G. F. Dippie.)
a ??, Canadian National Park, August 17th, ISO'.i. Piitoiiuiilongicaudatus.
(G. F. Dippie.)
2 ? ?, Canadian National Park, August 25th, 1899. Wood-rat. (G. F. Dippie.)
1 (?, Red Deer, Alberta, August 20th, 19UU. Sciuriis ricl/ardsoni bailcyi.
(G. F. Dippie.)
2 (?<?, British Columbia. Neotomc cinerea. (W. Wenmann.)
o 2 9
5 (J (J, Carpenter's Creek, Mt. Cariboo, July 29th, 1901. Nrotonia cinerea
(h-itmmondi. (Allan Brooks.)
26 ??, Carpenter's Creek, Mt. Cariboo, Jnly 29th, 1901. Neotoma cinerea
(Inimmomli. (Allan Brooks.)
2 ? ?, Penticton, B.C., January 19U2. Ptitorius lonyicaiidatus. (G. F. Dippie.)
12. Ceratophyllus nepos spec. nov. (PI. VII. figs. 13, 14).
This is again a very close ally of C. sexdentatus and wickhami.
Head. — The head is practically the same as in icichhami. The anterior row of
bristles on the frontal part nf the head is represented in the nude by three hairs,
and iu \h<t female by one small one placed near the autenual groove. The bristle
on the hinderpart of the head above the middle of the antennal groove is longer
than in sexdentatus. The rostrum is also longer than iu that species, especially the
last segment, which is nearly twice the length of the last but one.
Thorax. — The prouotal comb consists of sixteen or seventeen spines. The
mesonotum bears a few small hairs laterally in front of the ordinary two rows of
bristles, and near the apex four hair-like spines on each side.
Legs. — There are only two hairs on the inner side of the hiudtibia.
Modified Segments. — $. The manubrium of the clasper is much slenderer than
in sexdentatus. The finger bears four spines, as in loickhami, but is much longer
(PI. VII. fig. 14). The proximal lobe of the ninth steruite bears a longer spine than
in jvicltkami, sexdentatus, and aeger, the anterior angle of this lobe being acute, as iu
aeger. The apical lobe is only a little longer than it is proximally broad. The
ein-hth tergite bears three bristles near the ventral edge, as iu icir/dtami, with an
additional short bristle close to the proximal one. Iu sexdentatus, agilis, and
aeger there are only two bristles in this position.
? . The lobe of the seventh sternite is as long as in sexdentatus and agilis, but
broader, the sinus being consequently narrower (PI. VII. fig. 13). The eighth
tergite bears a few more hairs at the apex than in sexdentatus and agilis.
As we have only one pair of this insect we do not know how far the dis-
tinctions mentioned will prove to be constant.
We have 1 c? and 1 ?, Chilliwack, B.C., November 1st, 1899, from Spilogule
hifiJ'roHs, collected by Mr. Allan Brooks.
1^!. Ceratophyllus acasti spec nov. (PI. VII. figs. 19, 20).
Head. — The frontal notch is small. The uje-row consists of three bristles, the
upper one being distant from the antennal groove, standing just in front of the eye.
Above this bristle there is a nnmber of small hairs. The second row of bristles
generally present in this genus is represented by a single short hair situated near
the antennal groove. The anterior as well as the posterior portions of the head are
clotted all over with the j)oints of insertion of small hairs. The occiput does not
bear an_v large bristles except the snbapical row. This row contains eight bristles
on each side, the lower three standing rather close together. The rostrnm reaches
to the apex of the trochanter, the last segment being longer than the two preceding
ones together.
Thorax. — The pronotum is dorsally longer than the spines of the comb. It
bears one row of bristles and a comb of twenty-eight spines. The mesonotnm,
which is half as long again as the metanotum, bears two rows of bristles, the hairs
of the anterior row being short. In addition, there is a small number of short
hairs on the back. At the base of this segment there is a number of very slender
and rather long hairs, and before the apex there is a further row of tive to seven
long, slender spines. There are about ten bristles on the metatlioracical sternum,
and about eight on the epimerum. The metanotum bears a few bristles dorsally in
front of the two usual rows, and there is one apical spine. The metathoracical epi-
sternum, which is longer than usual, bears one small bristle, and the sternum one
long bristle, while on the epimerum there are five (1.3.1.) bristles.
Abdomen.— The abdominal tergites bear two rows of bristles, with one or two
hairs in front of them. The first, second, and third tergites bear two or three
spines, and the fourth one. These spines on the second and third tergites are placed
in a deep sinus (PI. VII. fig. 20), the edge of the segments being denticulate above
and below the sinus. There are four long apical bristles on the seventh segment,
the third being the longest and the fourth the shortest. The basal sternite has only
one ventral bristle on each side, while on the sternites of segments 3 to 6 there is
a row of four or five long bristles, besides some additional hairs in front of them,
these additional hairs being most numerous on the posterior segments. On the
sternite of the seventh segment there is a row of six bristles, with tive or six hairs
in front of them.
Legs. — The hindcoxa is as broad as it is long at the meral suture. There are
two bristles posteriorly at the apex. The hindfemur has no bristles on the lateral
surface, except one small one on the inner side above the curvature of the ventral
margin. The hindtibia bears one row of bristles close to the dorsal pairs. The
longer bristles of the second, fifth, and apical pairs are very long. The sixth pair
is rejjvesented by one stout bristle and a tiny hair. Tlie hairs on the ventral side
of the tarsi are few in number, the second, third, and fourth hindtarsal segments
bearing only two ventral hairs, situated at the apex. The second hindtarsal seg-
ment bears only three pairs of bristles on each side. The fourth segment is cnp-
sha]ied, being half as long again as it is broad, and bearing bristles only at the apex.
The fifth segment is short, being about twice as long as it is broad. It bears on
each side four bristles, besides a subapical hair. The first and second bristles are
stout and long, the second being somewhat dislocated towards the middle, while the
third and fourth are slender. There are, besides, two subbasal ventral bristles in
between the first pair. The measurements of the mid- and hindtarsi are as
follows : —
( 170)
modified Segments. — ?. The seveuth sternite (PI. YIl. fig. 19) is bisinnate,
the npper sinivs being broad and shallow, the lower being small. The eighth
tergite bears a few hairs above the stigma, and two long and two short ones below
it. The bristles on the lower part of the segment are situated as shown in the
figure. The stylet is very long and cnrvod. Tlie anal tergite liears two bristles at
the corner below tlie insertion of the stylet.
Length : ? , 4 mm.
This species is easily recognised by the characteristic, stylet, the armature of
tlie abdominal tergites, and the shape of the seventh sternite. The heiid and tarsi
also readily distinguish this insect.
We have one example of this insect from Quosnel, B. 0., November ~'ud, I'.'UO,
from Scinropterm sabrinus, collected by Mr. G. F. Dip pic.
14. Ceratophyllus lucifer spec. nov. (PI. VI. fig. 12).
Only the frmale is known.
Head. — The frontal tubercle is small. The second of the three eye-bristles
stands closer to the uppermost than to the ventral one. On the occiput there is a
bristle behind the base of the antennal groove and another before the middle with
a smaller one above it. The subapical row is complete, the second bristle being
equidistant from the first and third. The long ventral bristle of this row is ac-
companied by three bristles, one standing in front of it, another below it, and ^
third minute one above it. The rostrum reaches a little beyond the ape.x of the
foreco.xa.
Thorax. — The pronotum bears a comb of nineteen to twenty spines. On the
mesonotnm there are two rows of bristles, besides a great number of small hairs,
which stand on the back and at the base. It bears, moreover, five slender subapical
spines on each side. The mesosternum bears about ten hairs, which are mostly
minute, and the epimerum of the mesothorax six or seven bristles. The metanotum
bears three rows of bristles, the first row not reaching halfway down the side. It
possesses also two ajiical spines on each side. On the epimerum of the metathorax
there are eight bristles (3.4.1.).
Abdomen. — The first tergite bears three rows of bristles, the other tergites two,
all having in addition two or three hairs on the back. There are three apical
bristles on the seventh tergite, the first and third being about half the length of the
second or a little less. The first sternite bears one ventral bristle on each side, the
following four sternites possessing a row of four or five bristles with a few hairs in
front. The seventh sternite bears five long bristles and about eighteen shorter ones.
This segment is deeply sinuate (PI. VI. fig. 12).
Iiegs. — The hindfemur bears on the inner side a row of four bristles, besides the
subapical bristle. On the outer side of the hindtibia there are two lateral rows of
bristles, and on the inner side a row of from four to six. The first three hindtarsal
segments bear two almost regular rows of bristles on the ventral surface. The
longest apical bristle of the second hindtarsal segment does not reach the apex of
the third segment, while the longest apical bristle of the third segment reaches
just beyond the apex of the fourth. The latter segment is about twice as long as
it is wide at the apex. The first lateral pair of bristles of the segment is on the fore-
and midtarsus distinctly dislocated towards the middle, while on the hin<ltarsus it is
as iMucli lateral as the third pair,
( in )
Modified Segments. — The deep siuns of the seventh steniite (PI. VI. fig. 12)
reminds one of Ceratophi/lhcs newsteadi Rothsch. The eighth tergite bears two
long and several short bristles below the stigma. There are two or three long
bristles at the apex of the segment, besides two short stont ones. The patch of
bristles situated near the ventral edge contains fifteen to eighteen bristles.
Length : 27 mm.
We have two specimens from Eed Deer, Alberta, Canada, April Htli, 1901,
and Angnst 21st, 1901, found on Microttis dnimmondi h\ Mr. G. F. Dippio.
15. Ceratophyllus pollionis spec. nov. (PL IX. figs. 28, 31, 32).
Head. — The head of this species is qnite peculiar (PI. IX. fig. 31). The
front is rotnndate-angnlate, especiall)' in the S . The eye is situated near the apex
of the genal process. There are three rows of bristles on the frontal part of the
head, the eye-row consisting of two bristles, of which one is situated at the antennal
groove and the other at the genal edge. The second row consists of four bristles,
the most ventral ot which stands behind the palpus. The third row, containing six
bristles, stands in front of the palpus. There are also some small hairs before the
eye. On the posterior part of the head there are a complete subapical row of
bristles, an oblique median row, and a few additional bristles behind the base of the
antennal groove. The rostrum is much shorter than the anterior coxa, the fifth
segment of the labial palpus being half as long again as the fonrth and twice as
long as the third, but shorter than the first.
Thorax. — The pronotum bears on each side a row of five or six bristles, behind
which there is a row of very small hairs. The pronotal comb consists of eighteen
to twenty spines. The mesonotum bears, besides the two ordinary rows of bristles,
rather numerous hairs on the basal half, and has three long thin subapical spines,
of which two are dorsal, while tiie third stands near the ventral edge. On the
metanotum there are two rows of bristles and a row of three or four hairs situated
in front of them on the back. There are also one or two apical spines on each side.
The metathoracical episternum bears three bristles, while there is only one on the
sternum.
Abdomen. — The abdominal tergites bear a few hairs in front of the two
ordinary rows of bristles, and the first four tergites have one or two apical spines
on each side. There are three af)ical bristles on the seventh tergite, the ventral one
not being much shorter than the middle one, while the dorsal one is about half the
length. The sternites of segments 3 to 6 bear in the t? a row of three or four, in
the ? of five or six bristles standing close together. In front of this row there are
a few short hairs. The seventh sternite bears a row of about five bristles in the S ,
and about seven in the ?.
Legs. — There is only one bristle posteriorly at the apex of the mid- and
hindcoxae. The hindfemur bears one or two lateral hairs on the outer side situated
on the basal half. The hindtibia lias a row of hairs on the outer side, there being
on the basal half two to four additional bristles between this row and the dorsal edge.
The bristles of the second, fifth, and apical doisal pairs of the hindtibia are long
and heavy. There are three single stout bristles between the fifth and sixth pairs,
the sixth pair standing close to the apical one. The tarsi bear, besides the lateral
liristles, numerous ventral ones which arc arranged iu two more or loss regular rows
on the mid- and liindtarsi. The first liindtarsal segment is four-fifths the length of
( l-' )
the tibia measnred along the ventral edge. The longest apical bristle of the second
segment does not reach to the apex of the third. The fifth segment of all the
tarsi bears fonr lateral bristles and one snbventral basal pair in between the first
lateral pair. The measurements of the mid- and hindtarsi are as follows ; —
Modified Segments.— ;?. The eighth sternite (Pi. IX. fig. 28, viii. st.) is
large and almost comjiletely divided in the mesial line, each lobe bearing two rows
of long bristles ventrally at the apex and a number of short ones at the dorsal
apical edge. The process of the elasper (PI. IX. fig. 28, p) is triangular,
obtuse, bearing one bristle at the apex, another further down, and a few short ones
on the back. There are no bristles at the juncture of the elasper with the finger.
The latter is triangular, being widest at the apex. It bears two heavy long spines
in the npper third, and between them several short bristles (PL IX. fig. 28, f).
At the distal apical angle there is one long bristle, and in the middle of the upper
edge a second smaller one. The ninth sternite (ix. st.) is slender, bearing a number
of short hairs, as shown in the fignre.
? . The apex of the seventh sternite is rounded (PI. IX. fig. 32, vii. st.).
The eighth tergite bears a row of bristles above the stigma and a patch of bristles
on the lower half as shown in the figure. At the apical edge there are two bristles
at the lower corner, and obliquely above them two short ones. The stylet is long
and slender, being at least five times as long as it is broad. At the corner of
the anal tergite just below the insertion of the stylet there is one single bristle.
Length: c?, 2-2 mm. ; ?,2'8mm.
We have four specimens of this species, collected by Mr. G. F. Dippie : —
1 cJ, Red Deer, Alberta, Canada, August 21st, 1001. Microtus diummoixH.
3 ¥?, „ ,, „ „ 28th, „ Ecotomi/s saturatiis.
10. Ceratophyllus telegoni (PI. IX. figs. 27, 30).
This species is closely related to ('. charlotti'nsis Baker, bnt difters in many
details, as described below.
Head. — While C. charlottensis has a row of three bristles close to and in front
of tlie vestigial eye, and a dot (possibly the point of insertion of a small bristle)
just below the vestigial eye, the present species has a single l)ristle before the eye,
and further forward two rows of four or six bristles, the more frontal row ending at
the frontal corner of the head as in charlottensis, and the second row being more
distant from the vestigial eye than in that species.
Thorax. — The mesosternnm and mesomernm have more bristles than in
charlottensis. On the episternnm of the metathorax there is a vertical row of
three bristles standing rather close together, while charlottensis possesses only
two widely separated bristles. The long bristle on the metasternum is accompanied
in charlottensis by a short one standing above it. In the j)resent species the
additional bristle is longer than in charlottensis, and there is another also below the
long bristle.
( nn
Abdomen. — The seventh tergite bears three apical bristles, of which the upper-
most is at least two-thirds the length of the middle one in the tj, while in the
? both the dorsal and ventral one are less than half the lengtli of the middle
one. In rharlotfeiisis the ventral one is about two-thirds the length of the middle
one in both sexes.
Legs. — On the outer side of the hindfemur there are two or more bristles near
the base. The longest apical bristle of the first hindtarsal segment reaches a little
be\-oud the apex of the second. On the fifth segment of all the tarsi there are
four lateral bristles and a sabapical hair, there being in addition one or two ventral
snbbasal bristles on the fore- and midtarsi, and one such bristle on the hindtarsus
between the first pair of lateral bristles. The measurements of the mid- and
hindtarsi are as follows : —
Modified Segments. — S. The eighth tergite is very short (PI. IX. fig. 30,
viii. t.j, while the sternite (viii. st.) is enlarged, bearing at the apical edge
a row of bristles, of which those standing near the angle are very long. The
process of the clasper is triangular, and bears very long bristles along its distal
edge (PI. IX. fig. 30, r). The finger is enormously enlarged (f). It bears
numerous fine hairs along the edge. Its inner surface is very densely hairy in its
upper fourth, and there is also a patch of rather longer hairs near the ventral distal
bend of the edge. The manubrium (m) is nearly straight. The vertical and
horizontal portions of the ninth sternite are bent towards each other forming an acute
angle, which, however, is rounded ofl'. The right and left halves are quite separate
from each other, except at the ventral angle, each side of the body having its own
" boomerang." In this character C. telegoni approaches the species of the genus
Ctenoplithalmus, which have the two halves quite separate. This sternite bears
at the apex one short stout spine, and behind it some fine hairs, upon which follow
further proximad two peculiar curved bristles, which are very pale, being apparently
flat, these bristles resembling those scale-like ones described in Nov. Zool. xi.
p. 638, PI. XIII. fig. 65. Still further towards the body a membranous fla])
projects from the sternite, bearing at the apex some variable spines, which are curved
towards each other like the bent fingers of a hand. At and near the upper edge the
sternite bears a row of hairs.
? . The seventh sternite of C. teleyoni (PI. IX. fig. 27, vii. st.) is shallowly
bi-emarginate, while in charlotte nsis the lower sinus is absent, the apex of the
segment appearing feebly emarginate from top to bottom. The eighth tergite
bears a row of short bristles from the dorsal edge downwards as shown in the
figure, and an apical ventral patch of bristles (PI. IX. fig. 27). The eighth
sternite is pointed and bears a few extremely small hairs at the upper edge.
Length : <S and ? , 2-2 mm.
We have six examples of this sjjecies, all collected by Mr. (x. F. Dippii', as
follows : —
3 tjc?. Horse Creek, Upper Columbia Valley, October 1 4th, 10u3. Aficrotus
drammoitdi.
1 ?, Horse Creek, Upper Columbia Valley, October 14th, 19U3. Microtus
drummondi.
2 ? ?, Kicking Horse Canyon, Alberta, October 6tli, 1903. Evotomys gapperi.
17. Ceratopbyllus charlottensis (PL IX. fig. 33).
Pulex charlottensis Baker, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc. vi. p. 56 (1898).
Cemtojjhyllas charlottensis id., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mm. xxvii. p. 390. t. 12. f. 6—10 (1904).
This species was described by Mr. Carl Baker from females fuuiul by the
Rev. J. H. Keen on Queen Charlotte Islands. We have some S6 and ? ? of
a flea found both in British Columbia and in Alberta which we consider to be
charlotten'ii», the ? agreeing well with the description and figures given by Mr.
Carl Baker.
We publish herewith a figure of the clasping organs of the c?. It will be
noticed by comparing PI. IX. tig. 33 with fig. 30 that the eighth sternite is quite
different from that of tclegoni, as it bears no hairs at the apex. The jirocess of the
clasper is much larger than in telegoni, while the finger is much smaller. The
manubrium is curved. The ninth sternite resembles that of telegoni in the main,
but there are two spines at the apex, with a thinner one behind them. There is
also a patch of short liroad bristles instead of the two long curved ones of telegoni.
The dorsal hairs and the flap with spines found in telegoni are not present in
charlottensis.
We have eight examples of this insect, as follows :—
1 <?, British Columbia. Peromgscus leucojins. (W. Wenmann.)
1 ? , „ „ Seotoma cinerea. „
1 (J, Red Deer, Alberta, Canada, May 22ud, 1901. Peromgscus arctiem.
(G. F. Dippie.)
2 ??, Red Deer, Alberta, Canada, April 25th, 1901. Ecotomys saturattis.
(G. F. Dippie.)
'Z Si, Horse Creek, Ujiper Columbia Valley, October 13th, 19o3. Pcromgseas.
(G. F. Dippie.)
1 ?, Horse Creek, Upper Columbia Valley, October 13th, 1903. I'eromgscus.
(G. F. Dippie.)
(1V5)
LEPIDOPTERA COLLECTED BY OSCAR NEUMANN IN
NOETH-EAST AFRICA.
By the HON. WALTER ROTHSCHILD, Ph.D., and KARL JORDAN, Ph.D.
(Cwdiiiued frniii vol. x. p. 642.)
SATYRINAE.
70. Mycalesis safitza aethiops subspec. uov.
Myirdesis safitai, Aurivillius, l.i:. p. 56. n. 46 (1809) (partim ; Abyssinia) ; Pagenst., I.e. p. 132. n. I
(1902) (syu. excluded).
All the specimens found by O. Neumann and Baron von Erlanger dill'er from
the East and South African aafitsa safitza in the discal line on the underside of
the forewiui;' being curved enstad, standing at right angles to costal margin, and in
the discal line of the hindwiug being much more irregular, curving distad between
Ri and Rl
The clasper of the i has a much shorter narrowed distal portion. The two
tnfts on the upperside of the hindwing are of the same colour as in «. safitza, the
one in the cell being creamy grey, the other dark brown. The specimens are all
subocellate or punctate on the underside of the hindwiug, with the exception of the
two individuals from the Gillet Mts., in which the ocelli are rather better developed.
None of the specimens have the discal line of the underside conspicuously bordered
with cream-colour. The same applies to the individuals in Baron von Erlanger's
collection.
10 c?(?, 3 ??, from: Gillet Mts., 1900—2200 m., l.vii. 1900, tijpe; Lake
Abassi, 4. 6. and 9. xii. 1900 ; Abera to Koritscha, 23. xii. 1900; Alesa, Koscha,
23. ii. 1901 ; Alesa to Schetie, Koscha, 25. ii. 1901 ; Uma R., Konta, l.iii. 1901 ;
Anderatscha, Kaflfa, 24. iii. 1901 ; Kankati to Djibbe, Ujimma, 26. iii. 1901.
Besides a long series of aethiops, Baron von Erlanger found also two specimens
of M. ani/nana vicar/a Thurau, not mentioned by Pagenstecher, one from Wolesch,
15. ii. 1901, and the other from Fanole, 27. vi. 19ol.*
There seem to be numerous undescribed African species of AL/calesis iu
collections. The genus is, however, a difficult one to deal with. A thorough
revision, based on a large material and an extensive study of the morphology of
the species, is a great desideratum. As we have no time at jjresent for a thorough
comparison of the structure of these insects, we abstain from describing any new
species, but offer only a few corrections to the list given in Aurivillius's great work.
M. mandanes Hew. is not a synonym of auficriida, but is the same species as
yraphidabra.
M. keiiia Rogenli. appears to us to be a subspecies of maiidaties. The structure
of the type should be compared with that of mandanes.
M. ansorgei Sharpe is the same as mollitia Karsch, the latter name having
priority.
M. dentata Sharpe {—JludatiUs Grose-Smith) is apparently the same as
• The larger proi)ortiou of Baron von Erlanger's specimens is now in the Tring Museum.
( I'C )
M. duhia. Auriv., the description and ligiire of the latter agreeing well with our
series of dentata.
M. nebulosa Felder, Reise yocara Lep. p. 502, is said to be from Guinea.
The only specimen in the Felder collection is labelled " Senegal, type." GuiJrin's
fuuebris, also from the Senegal, may have been based on an ocellate specimen of
the same species.
M. angulosa Butl. is quite distinct from tuli/aris Butl.
71. Neocoenyra duplex.
Neocoenym duplex Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. Land. 1885. p. 758. n. 4 (1886) (Somaliland) ; Auriv., I.e.
p. 7'2. n. 4 (1R09).
Only 1 S, from Gololota, 18. vi. 1900.
As the type of Ypthima Hiibner, Ver^. hd;. Srlnn. p. 6.3, is cassi/s L., according
to onr simplified treatment of composite genera [see Nov. Zool. x. Suppl. p. x.\ii.
(1903)] we employ for the following insects the term Calb/phthima, which is the
defined term coming next in priority after Ypthima, Strabcna being a nomcii nudum.
72.
Callyphthima itonia.
Yphth'imii iliniui. Hewitson, Trans. Eiit. Sue. Luml (3). ii. p. -287. n. 11. t. 18. f. 13 (1865) (White
NUe).
Yjjihimii itimia, Aurivillius, I.e. p. 78. n. 25. (18'.i9).
Ypthima lioehneli Holland, Proc. U. S. Nat. Jlui. xviii. p. 744 (1896).
Ypthiiua asteropc, Pagenstecher (non King, 1832), I.e. p. 132. n. 1 (1902) (partim).
All the si)ecimens obtained by 0. Neumann as well as by Baron von Erlaiiger
diifer from typical /tonia in the underside being more rufescent and in the ocelli
of the imderside of the hindwing being absent or vestigial, only one of Baron von
Erlanger's specimens (Lake Awala, 17. xii. 1900) having a series of seven very small
ocelli. The clasper is unlike that of any other African species of Callyphthima,
being broad and apically bilobate. On the innerside there is an apical hmgitadinal
ridge, which is higher in the Abyssinian specimens than in our West African
ones. We have not sufiScient material for studying the geographical and seasonal
variation of the species, and therefore abstain from giving a name to the present
uou-ocellate form of itonia. SO" of the forewing is distal of the upj)er angle of
the cell. Aurivillius, I.e., had some doubts about hoehneli being distinct from
itonia. The description of hoehneli seems to ns to agree perfectly with our specimens
of itonia from East Africa.
2 (J<?, 1 ?, from : Lake Abassi, 7. xii. I'.iiKt; Abera, Djanidjam, 17. .\ii. lliiiii.
Baron von Erlanger met with it at : Lake Abassi, Jl. .\ii. lUDU ; Lake Awala,
17. xii. r.tOO ; Awara, 20. xii. lUOO.
73. Callyphthima impura.
/jithiiiiii iiiipiim Elwcs & Edwards, Trims. Ent. Soc. Luiid. p. 23. n. 27. t. 3. f. 48 (1893) (Angola ;
Gaboon ; Zamliesi ; Delagoa Bay) : Auriv., I.e. p. 78. n. 22 (1899).
Jptliimit usli:ri>2>e, Pagenstecher («(«/ King, 1832), I.e. (1902) (partim).
This species seems to be very common in the regions traversed by 0. Neumann
and Baron von Erlanger. Most specimens are without ocelli on the underside
( 177 )
of the hindwiug, bnt some have three, one ia front and two beliiiid ; in a (^ from
the Upper Bnssijo the first and second ocelli are large, the first being the larger.
The tenth tergite of the c? is not gradually narrowed to a point as it is in itoiii<i,
asferope, simj/Ucia, and t/ranulosa, bnt ends in a short acnte tooth. The tergite is,
moreover, channelled above, the lateral edges being raised.
Miss Sharpe, in Proc. Zool. Soc. Loud. p. 530. n. 5 (189(3) records dokta from
Sheikh-Hussein. As doleta is apparently confined to the western side of the
Continent, where it is common, we doubt the correctness of the identification of
the Sheikh-Hussein specimens. Miss Sharpe's individuals belonged probably to
the present species. CaUi/phthima doleta Kirby differs in the structure of the
antenna very much from the other African species. The biseriate grooves of the
antenna are in doleta restricted to the ajiical portion of each segment, the grooves
being very much reduced in length and width. In the other species of CaWjphthima
the grooves extend down to the bases of the segments, and the two of each segment
are separated from one another by a carina.*
4 (?(?, 2 ? ? from: Gara-Daij or Abunass, 25U0 to 270U m., 10. vii. lUOii;
Ujiper Bussijo, Gindeberat, 24. ix. 1900 ; Rafissa, Lake Abassi, 10. xii. 1900 ;
Habela to Alata, Sidamo, 11. xii. 1900; Abera, Djamdjam, 17. xii. 1900; Alesa,
Kotscha, 23. ii. 1901.
A lung series among Baron von Erlanger's material from Lake Abassi,
9—12. xii. 1900; Galata, 13. xii. 1900; Sagan, «. i. 1901.
74. Callyphthima simplicia.
Ypthitim s.hniilh-'m'Qyi.'iXsiX, Ann. Mkj. N.IT. (4). .xviii. p. 481 (1883) (Atbara) ; Auriv., I.e. j). 77.
n. 20 (1899).
Ypthima asterojie, Pagenstecher (non Klug, 1832), I.e. (partim).
2 c?c? from : Gara Daij or Abunass, 2500 to 2700 m., 10. vii. 1900 ; Aveve,
Kollu, Schoa, 22. ix. 1900.
The specimens are larger and below darker than the type of simplicia ;
the specimen from Aveve has two large ocelli on the imderside of the hindwiug,
besides the small anal ocellus ; in the other specimen all three ocelli are small.
The specimens resemble in the dark coloration more granulosa Butl. thnu
simplicia ; but as the abdomen of the type of granulosa is missing, it is hardly
possible to do more than accept as granulosa the insect treated as such by
Messrs. Elwes and Edwards.
A specimen of simplicia similar to that from Gara Daij is among Baron
von Erlanger's material from Akaki, 22. x. 1900.
75. Callyphthima asterope.
Uipinirchiaustcrupe Klug, in Hempr. & Ehrenb., Sijiah. Phijs. text t. 29. f. 11—14. (J J (1832)
(Syria).
Yplhima astci-upe, Aurivillius, I.e. p. 77. n. 18 (1899) (partim?) ; Pagenst., I.e. (partim).
A specimen from Odamuda to I'jugi, Djidda, 20. vi. 1900 (Erlangcr :nul
Neumann), and several from Ginir, 20. ii. 1901, Wolesch, 15. iii. 19ul, and
Ganale, 15. iv. 1901 (Erlanger), agree fairly well with Syrian asterope except
• See Nov. Zool. v. p. 375 £E. : " The Antennae of Butterflies."— I have there described and figured
(p. 389. t. 15. £. 57) the antenna o£ dolota as that o£ asUroiw, being misled by a wrong identification in
the collection. — K. J.
12
( 178 )
in the clasper being obviousl}' broader and shorter. The naminj^ of inconspicnons
species and subspecies of this genus must be left to a future revision of the genus.
In Baron von Erlanger's collection there are several specimens of another small
Gulli/p/ithima from the Webi Mane, 26 and 27. iii. lOUl, and from (Jiuir, 2. ii. I'JUl,
which seem to represent a new species, if they do not beloug to some Indian species.
The underside of the hindwiug is rather paler than in asterope, and the clasper is
much slenderer.
Calli/phfhima pupiUaris Butl. is easily recognised by the short and very
broad, triangular, tenth tergitc of the S. The species is occllate or non-ocellate
on the underside of the hindwina;.
ACRAEINAE.
76. Pardopsis punctatissima.
Acraea jmnciatissima Boisduval, Faune Mad. Bourb. Mam: p. HI. t. C. f. 2 (18.33).
Punlnjixis jmnctatisslma, Aurivillius, I.e. p. 81. n. 1 (1899) ; Pagenst., I.e. p. 133. n. 1 (19(J2).
The specimens from tropical Africa are similar to those from Madagascar,
having smaller black dots than the individuals from temperate South Africa.
6 c?(?, 1 ? from : Harro Rnfa, Mojo River, 1. vi. lOilO ; Mojo River, Atschabo,
2. vi. 1900 ; Mojo to Wabbi Rivers, 7. vi. lOOn ; Oda, uear Gurgura, 13. vi. I9U6 ;
Jabolo, 14. vi. lUCMi ; Sekwala, Schoa, IS. xi. 1000.
77. Acraea quirina.
Popiliii rarwissiiis qiiiihni Fabricius, S/iec. Iiu. ii. p. 36. n. 162 ^17nl) ("Madras " err .loci).
1 ? from : Upper Gelo River, 4. v. I'.lOl.
7s. Acraea admatha.
Acraea admatha Hewitson, Ej:i>t. Butl. iii, .{rraea t. 3. f. 1(>. 17 (18(55) (Old Calabar).
In one specimen there is a small white patch consisting of two spots at the
abdominal margin of the hindwing.
•Z SS from : Scheko, 26. iv. I'.IOI.
79. Acraea insignis.
Acraea btixlim',, Hewitson {mm Butler, 1875), Enl. .Uo. .Ua//. .xiv. p. 155 (1877) (Dar-es-Salaam).
Acraea imiijnis Distant, Pruc. Znol. 6V. Lnml. p. 184 (1880) (Magila); Auriv., /.-•. p. 89.n. 18 (18'J9).
Acraea halbina Oberthiir, Et. iF Enl. xii. p. G. n. 11. t. 3. f. 8 (1888) (Germ E. Afr.).
Acraea iiisignis sit/iiiiia Suffert, ///'.s xvii. p. 19 (1904) (Germ. E. Afr.).
The sj)ecimens procured by Herr Neumann have the black si)ots of the
hindwing completely merged together above and below, as in the individuals named
siginna by Herr Suffert, more so than in the specimen figured as balbina by
Oberthiir. Only in one specimen there are some whitish dots in the black patch
on tlie underside.
3 (?(?, 1 ¥ from: Banka, Malo, 17. ii. I'.tnl ; Northern Kuffa, beginning of
April 1901.
( 179 )
80. Acraea horta neobule.
Acrar., nmhulc Doubleday, We^tw. * Hew., Gen. Diurn. Lrp. i. p. 140. n. 8. t. 19. f. 3. ? (1848)
(Congo) ; Reicbo, iu Ferr. & Gall., V.,ij. Ahi/ss., Enl. p. 4i;i;. t. 33. f. 3. 4 (1849) (Abyssinia) ;
Auriv., /..■. p. 89. n. L'l (1899).
.{(■}-iim horta, Pagenstecher, I.e. p. 133. n. 1 (1902).
~ SS,\ ? from: Bnbassa, 2-!. v. 1900 ; Djahdjabdu, ■!4. v. 1900; Ganda
AH to Idja HiiiTorissa, 3o. v. 1900; Harro liut'a, Mojo River, 1. vi. 1900; Mojo
Ixiver, Atschabo, 3. vi. lODU ; Alesa, Koscha, 25. ii. 1901.
81. Acraea chilo.
Acraea chiio Godman, Proc. Znol. Soc: Lotul. p. 184. t. 19. f. 4. g, 5. ? (1880) (Abyssinia).
Acraea zeles var. acara, Pagenstecher, I.e. p. 133. n. 2 (1902) (partim).
1 (?, 2 ? ? from : Sso-Omadu, North Somaliland, 12. & 13. ii. 1900 ; Mojo
River, Atschabo, 2. vi. 1900.
In coll. Baron von Erlanger 1 c? from Web, 19. iii. 1901, and 1 ? from Solole,
11. iv. 1901.
These specimens were ennmerated by Pagenstecher as acara, together with two
specimens of the following form. It appears, indeed, qnite possible that chilo is
only a form of zcfe.-i witli reduced black spots and narrow black margin. They
stand in two different sections of Acraea in Aurivillins's work.
82. Acraea zetes sidamona subsp. nov.
c?. Wings, uppers/ de, resembling snch Uganda specimens of ::etes as stand
about halfway between the West African .c. ::ctcs and East African z. acara.
Forewing : cell as in acara, a red dot each proximally of black subbasal cell-spot
and of postcellular subbasal spot ; discal costal band of black spots as in acara, but
spot R^ — M' more proximal than the others, nearly touching discocellnlar spot, the
red spots just outside discocellulars therefore nearly isolated; red snbapical spots out-
side the black costal band rather smaller than the spots of this band ; six isolated
reddish orange submarginal spots, larger than iu z. zetes S . Hind wing : black
basal area a little more extended than iu z. acara, black discal spots as in that
subspecies ; distal border as wide as in the average Natal specimens.
Underside more red than in the other geographical forms, pinkish like upper-
side, but paler, the liindwing being washed with white as in acara. Forewing :
black spots a little smaller than above ; yellow submarginal s]iots all separated from
disc by a broad black border, except spot SC' — R', which is long.
1 6 from : Alata, iSidamo, 13. xii. 1900.
1 c? in coll. Baron von Erlanger from : Fanole, 27. vi. 1901.
83. Acraea oscari.
Acraea oscari Rothschild, Nur. Zool. ix. p. 59.5. n. 1 (1902) (Banka).
2 c?c? from : Banka, Malo, 16 & 17. ii. 1901.
In one of the two specimens the hindwing is somewhat washed with white
between the black subbasal and median spots on the upperside.
( 180)
S4. Acraea perenna kaflfana.
Airaea pereima Kaffana Rothschild, Noi'. Zool. ix. p. 695. n. 2. (1902) (Ka£Ea and Konta).
The sexes are practically alike in colour.
3 (?c?, 1 ? from : Dalba to Uma Hiver, Konta, 2s. ii. lOtil, ///jjf; Uma Uiver,
Kouta, l.iii. 1901 ; Anderatscha, Kaffa, 12 to ly. iii. I'Ml ; Goiljeb, Bonga, Kaffa,
4. iv. 1901.
85. Acraea braesia.
Acraea bmnia Godman, Pnic. Znol. Soc. Lund. p. 538 (1885) (Kilimaudjaro) ; Auriv., Ij: p. Vi.
n. 52 (1899) ; Pagenst., /.<■. p. 134. n. 5 (1902).
The border is slightly broader than in East African specimens.
Only 1 ? from : Gurgnra to Gololota, 17. vi. 1900.
86. Acraea doubledayi.
Acraea (lutiUechii/i Gue'rin, in Lefebre, Vuy. Abi/ss. vi. p. 378 (184',l) (Abyssinia) ; Auriv., /.<■. p. 99
n. .53 (1899).
1 c?, 1 ? from : Artn and Djildessa, north of Harar, 2. & 3. iii. 1900.
87. Acraea caecilia.
Papilio Helicoinus cuecilla Fabricius, S/iec. In", ii. p. 34. n. 142 (1781) (Afr. ac(iuin.).
Acraea caecilia, Aurivillius, l.i: p. 100. n. 57 (1899).
The wings are rather more red than in ordinary caecilia.
■2 SS from : Abulcassim, 2400—2000 m., 10. vii. lOiio ; Mole River, 22. i. \\W\.
88. Acraea natalica pseudegina.
J'apili'i eii'iiiti. StoU {null Cramer, 1775), in Cram., Pop. Ex. Snjipt. p. 122. t. 25. f. 3. .'Ic (1790)
(Guinea ; Sierra Leone).*
Acraea ji'icuileijina Westwood, in Doubl., Westw. & Hew., Gen. Diuni. Lep. ii. p. 531 (1852);
Auriv., i.e. p. KlO. n. 59 (1899).
Acraea natalica, Pagenstecher, I.e. p. 134. n. 7 (190:;).
1 cf from : Alesa, Koscha, 22. ii. 190 1.
Another S among Baron von Erlanger's specimens, recorded by Pagenstecher
as natalica.
89. Acraea terpsicore.
I'apilio Uclicimius trrjisicare Linne, Sijst. Nat. ed. .\. p. 4ij(i. n. 45 (1758) (" Asia " err. loci).
Acraea terp^iclwre, Aurivilliu.s, I.e. p. 104. n. (54 (1899) ; Pagenst., /...-. p. 134. u. 8 (1902).
An individnally variable species. The black oblique band of the forcwing is
complete in nearly all the specimens obtained. In many individuals tiiere arc red
spots between the black dots on the underside of the hiudwing, and in one pair
(Lake Abassi) also between the black halfrings which border the buff marginal
spots. The forewing is smoky brown in one ? (from Walenso).
" OniiUcd in ludcx lo 8iippl.
( 181 )
15 (?(?, S ? ? from : Gillet Mts. l'.Mii)_-r200 in.,4. vii. 1900; Walenso, 2000 m.,
8 & 9. vii. 1900; Abnlciissim, 2400—2000111., 16. vii. 1900; Djafta, 19. vii. 1900; Ailis
Abeba, .5. ix. 1900; Aveve, Kollii, 22. ix. 1900; Uppor Bns'sijo River, Gindeberat,
25. ix. 1900 ; Badattinoto Abuje, Schoa, 28. ix. 1900 ; Madali, Abai River, 1.x. 1900 ;
Badattino, Gindeberat, 4.x. 1900 ; Abnje, Schoa, 29. ix. 1900; Lake Abassi, 8. xii.
1900 ; Alesa, Koscha, 25. ii. 1901.
90. Acraea vinidia.
Anam vliihl'ai Hewitson, Ent. Mo. May. xi. p. l.TO (1874) (Angola) ; Auriv., 1.,-. p. 105. n. 68 (1899) ;
Pagenst., l.i: p. 135. n. 9 (1902).
The three specimens obtained are paler than, or as pale as, the East African
-1. V. tenclla on the ii])perside ; they agree, however, on the nnderside in the width
of the marginal border, especially of the hindwing, better with AVest African
sjiecimens. They have on the upperside pale marginal spots, either on both wings
or on the hiiidwing only.
As Arraea i-hmlia is a very variable species, to which, in our opinion, several
other " species " belong as individual and geographical varieties, we think it better
to abstain for the present from giving a name to the North-east African form.
3 c?c? from : Aveve, Kollu, Schoa, 22. ix. 1900 ; Madali, Abai River, 1. x. 1900 ;
Godjeb to Bonga, Kafia, 4.iv. 1901.
91. Acraea bonasia alicia.
Acraea eponimi, Oberthiir {noii Cramer, 1872), A>in. Mus. Cir. Genorn xv. p. 157. n. 28 (1879)
(Schoa).
Acrrif cbiiHiLfia, Aurivillius, l.r. p. 105. n. 72 (1899) (partim) ; Pagenst., I.e. p. 135. n. 10 (1902).
Anrimalh-!,, Sharpe, Ann. Mug. N.H. (G). v. p. 442 (1890) ; Auriv., /r. n. 73 (1899).
The specimens of bonasia from Abyssinia and Somaliland agree best with the
East African form alicia, which completely intergradates with the West African
form bonasia. The width of the orange-red area on the forewing is individually
variable, iu some specimens the base of cellule M' — M- being black, in others not.
The black distal borders to the fore- and hindwing, belotr, are not streaked with
buff at the veins in alicia J'c?, or only faintly.
32 (?(?, 1 ? from: Upper Bussijo, Gindeberat, 24. ix. 1900 ; Lake Abassi,
4 & 9. xii. 1900; Alata, Sidamo, 13. xii. 1900; Abera, 23. xii. lOUO ; Abera to
Koritscha, Uatadera, 23. xii, 1900 ; Banka, Malo, 16 & IT. ii. lOUl.
92. Acraea cabira f. apecida.
Acrueii ii/ieriiln Oberthiir, El. d'Ent. xvii. p. 23. t. 2. f. 15 (1893) (Usambara) ; Auriv,, l.f. p, 100.
D, 70(1899),
This is doubtless the red form of cabira, as suggested by Aurivillius, our series
oi cabira showing all intergradations in colour.
In the three specimens among 0. Neumann's material the red patch situated
on the forewing before the posterior margin is narrower than in the specimens from
Uganda and East Africa, the individuals representing jierhaps a distinct North-
eastern subspecies. ;
3 c?c? from: Lake Abassi, 4. xii. 1900; Gardnlla, 13.1.1901; Djala, Gofa,
31.1.1901,
( 1«-^ )
93. Acraea pharsalus rhodiua.
Afruea pfiarsdlm rhndimi Rothschild, .V"i'. Zndl. ix. p. 5!I5. n. 3 (1002) (Kaffa).
Tlie black median and discal spots are larger than in p. flirxptio from East
Africa, the discal spot R' — M- seldom standing more than I mm. distant from cell
at M', often entirely filling np the base of cellnles 1{'— M'. The interspaces
between this discal costal band and the black marginal border arc red, the red sjmt
R- — R' being longer than the others. There is also a more or less narrow red
spot ontside the black discal spot W — M'. The distal border of the hindwing is
broader above and below than in fliesprio, and the black dots somewhat larger, partly
touching each other.
10 c? c? from : Banka to Omo, 18. ii. 19U1 ; "Wori to Gamitscha, Kaffii, n. iii. ISiol ;
Anderatscha to Godjeb, Kaffa, 24. iii. 1901 ; Godjeb to Bonga, Kalfa, 4. iv. 1901 ;
Scheko, 2.). iv. 1901 ; Upper Gelo River, 4. v. 1901.
The black markings of the two Scheko specimens are a little smaller thiui in
the other individuals.
94. Acraea encedon.
J'lijiiliu Burbitnis encethm Linne, Sijst. Xat. ed. x. p. 488. n. 188 (1768) ("in Iiidiis" errore).
Ainifa eiicetliiii, Aurivillius, /./■. p. llll. n. 84 (1899).
The series of specimens comprises three forms :
(«) A. e. f. daira.
Af-ram daira Godman & Salv., Pnic. Zonl. Sor. Loml. p. 2-21. t. 17. f. ,3 (1884) (Niger).
This was the commonest form at Harar.
20 t?(?, 11 ? ? from : Harar, 3 to 7. iv. 1900; and 3 c? c? from : Lake Abassi,
6. xii. 1900 ; Alesa, Koscha, 23. ii. lOol.
The specimen from Lake Abassi has the ape.x of the forewing black down to
the snl.apical band, which is hardly jKiler than the disc, the costal margin being also
blackish.
(/') A. e. f. encedon.
Piijiiliu Barhariis em-edon Linne, /.<■.
In Oiie ? the forewing lias a length of 35 mm., while in another it is only
27 mm. long.
5 cJcJ, 2 ? ? from : Harar, 7. iv. 1900 ; Badattino to Abuje, Schoa, 28. ix. 1900 ;
Madali, Abai River, l..\.19(i((; Lake Abassi, 9. xii. 19(10 : Alesa, Knscha. 23. ii. lOOl;
Diilba to Uma River, Konta, 28. ii. lOn].
('•) A. e. f. lycia.
I'ajiilio Ufliroiiius li/ria Fabriciiis, Sysl. Kiit.^\\ 4(14. n. 94 (1775) (Sierra Leone).
The specimens approach the yellowish f. M/rinziiu, which it is iiardly wmth
keeping apart from f l)/cia under a separate name.
2 t?cJ,3 ? ? from : Harar, 9. iv. 1900 ; Lake Znai, 21. xi. I'.KtO; Lake Abassi,
7. xii. 1900; Alesa, Koscha, 22. ii. 1901 ; Uma River, Konta, 1. iii. 190].
f 183 )
Oi"). Acraea peneleos gelonica snbsp. nov.
c?. Winsrs, upper&ide. Forewiiig : the reddish orange spots situated in
p. pendeox between M' and liinder margin are absent or replaced by some creamy
scaling, only one specimen bearing a small reddish streak at hinder margin.
Ilindwing : black distal border broader than in p. peneleos, especially in the middle,
the border snrpassing here in width the distance from the border to the apex of
the cell.
On the under side the border of the hind wing is still broader than above, being
edged proximally with tawny brown, which reaches to cell at R"* and M', there
being only a small buff spot between these veins ; basal area of wing olivaceous buif
or washed with rnfons ; the black dots somewhat reduced in size and number.
"i ii from : Upper Gelo River, 4. v. 1901.
90. Acraea safie.
.\imrn m/ir Felder, Reiae Novum, Lfp. p. .370. n. .0.33(1807) (Abyss, mer.) ; Auriv., Koiii/!.Sr, Vet.
Abi.i. llwuil xxxi. b. p. 114. n. 104 (180;)) (Abys.siaia).
Arriim aiilhoiii Oberthiir, Ann. Mm. Cir. Gciiora xv. p. 1.07. n. 29. t. 1. f. 3 (1880) (Schoa, June.
August and Saptember) ; id., l.r. xvm. p. 719. n. 31 (1883) (Schoa, June and July).
Afriieri siifr ab. (var ?) antinorii, Aurivillius, l.r.
Anwa safie var. antinorii, Pagenstecher, Jahrh. Nass. Ver. Nat. Iv. p. 13G.n. 12 (1902) (Moldscha
and Gigero, December).
Tliis species appears in two forms :
(«) A. safie f. safie.
Hindwing with a broad, curved, yellowish band beyond middle.
{b) A. safie f. antinorii.
Yellowish spots IM'— SM- of forewing and band of hindwing more or loss
strongly reduced, the band of the hindwing and the posterior spot of the forewing
being sometimes absent. This is apparently the commoner form.
1 S off. safe from Gardnlla, 13. i. 1901.
14 <?cJ, 1 ? off. antinorii from: Gara Daij or Abumass, 2500— 2700 mm.,
10 vii. 1900; Abnlcassim, 2400—2600 mm., 16. vii. 1900; Aveve, Kollu, Schoa.
22. ix. 1900; Koritscha to Tomata, Dara R., Gndji, 24. xii. 1900; Banka, Malo,
17. ii. 1901 ; Godjeb to Bonga, Kaffa, 4. iv. 1901.
97. Acraea jodutta aethiops subsp. nov.
<?. Similar to the West African A. jodutta jodutta. Upperside, foreyring with
the streak R- — R' of the submarginal band one-third longer than streaks Sd'— R- ;
the discal patch extending closer to base, the black basi-costal area being only 3 mm.
wide at posterior margin ; a diffused bnff patch in cell. Black basal area of
hindwing more reduced ; the black distal border narrower and more sharjily defined
between costal margin and R''.
On the underside the cell of for"wing more washed with bull'; the black dots ol
( 1^4 )
the hindwing reduced in size and unmber, and the lirown distal marginal linrder
anteriorly better defined.
?. Siibapical band of forewing augnlate as in ^, either orange or white; the
orange patch in front of posterior margin mnch wider than in ? j. jodutta,
resembling that of ? ;'. esebvia f csebria. Hindwing orange (mnch paler than in
f esehria), narrowly black at base, with the black dots of underside liardly showing
through ; distal margin black only at anterior angle, streaks of posterior cejlnles
vestigial.
On iimlersirlf the snbapical band and postcelhilar i)atch are connected with
one another; black dots rednced as iu <S ■
1 £?, 2 ? ? from : Dereta Mts., Kaffa, 2. iii. I'.Hil ; Gamitschato Auderatscha,
Kaffa, 6. iii. 1901.
98. Acraea circeis rhodina snbsj). nov.
S. Similar to A. circeis lycoides from East Africa, bnt the basal area of the
hindwing below of a pale ferruginous colour, and the forewing and marginal baud of
the hindwing also washed with ferruginous.
i SS from : Banka, Malo, 17. Febr. 19iil ; and Gamitscha to Auderatscha,
Kaffa, 6. March 1901.
99. Acraea lycoa aeqiialis subsp. nov.
3 ? . The sexes alike in colour. Spots on forewing buff, in size and position
the same as in the East African form of l</coa, the two postdiscal spots standing
mostly well separated from the subcostal and discal spots ; a buff area on the
hindwing as in the ? ? of h/coa, rather slmrply defined iu botli sexes, not in
the ¥ only.
On the underside the greater portion of forewing blackish, the spots nearly as
clearly marked as above ; base of hindwing jialer reddish than in East African li/coa,
the bnflish area less sharply defined than above, but better than in the c? (? of li/coa
from West and East Africa.
9 c? J, 4 ? ? from : Lake Abassi, 0. xii. 1900 ; Koritscha to Tomato, Dara R.,
Gudji, 24. xii. 1900; Uaja to Banka, Malo, 14. ii. 1901 ; Banka, Malo, 16. ii. 1901 ;
Banka to Omo, 18. ii. 1901 ; Dereta Mts., Kaffii, 2. iii. lOnl, ti/pe.
The most noteworthy feature in this form is the practical identity of the sexes
iu pattern and colonr, iu li/coa from East as well as West Africa the sexes being
dissimilar.
In c(illection Baron von Erlanger there are three specimens of this Acraea, not
recorded by Dr. I'agi nstecher, from : Wonda, north of Lake Abassi, 6. xii. loui) ;
and Lake Abassi, 11. xii. 1900.
mo. Acraea alciope schecana subsp. nov.
J. The buff-yellow band of the npju'isidc a little pah'v than in West African
ii, the black distal border of the hindwing wider, being just behind K' half as
wide again as the distance from this band to the apex of the cell, the black streaks
between the veins corresjmndingly slmrter ; basal dots vestigial. On underside
the black dots of the hindwing reduced in size and number : the lirown distal border
as wide as above.
1 i from Scheko, 25. iv. 1901.
( 1S5)
lul. Planema epaea homochroa snbs]). nov.
S ? . The sexes practically alike iu colour, resembling the <S of fj). fpara, the
markings of the forewing and the proximal portion of the orange area of the
hindwiug being onl.y a very trifle jialer in the ? than in the (?.
Rather paler orange al/orr than cf. epaea S , the black distal area of the hind-
wing more re^tvicted, the orange colour reaching to the edge of the wing from the
fold R' — R- backwards, the fringe remaining black. On the underside the basal
area of the bindwing is paler than in ep. epaea, and the pale orange band externally
of this area more sharply limited distally and narrower, not exceeding in width
beyond the apex of the cell ; the outer portion of the hindwing from the apex of the
cell to distal edge more evenly tawny, shaded with brown, the blackish apical area
less extended.
2SS, 1 ?, from: Bauka, Malo, 16. ii. lOnl ; Kankati to Djibhe, Djimma,
26.iii. I'.Mil.
PAPILIONIDAE.
102. Papilio echerioides oscari.
p. ecli. nimiri Rothschild, A'<i'. Zunl. ix. p. 5'J7. n. !l (I'.IOS).
11 cJt? and 3 ? ? were obtained at the following places : Kankati to Djibbe,
Djimma, 20. iii. 1901 ; Kankati forest, 3. iv. 1901; Wori to Gomitscba, Kafta,
T). iii. liidl ; Gomitscha to Anderatscha, Kaffa, .5. iii. 1901 : Anderatscha to Godjeb,
24. iii. 1901 ; Detscha to Schnbba, Kaffa, 11. iv. 1901 ; Schubba to Schennn, Kaffa,
11. iv. 1901.
1113. Papilio echerioides leucospilus.
P. ech. Irurugpilns Rothschild, I.e. p. 598. n. 10 (1903).
3 c?d' and 1 ? from Gara Mulata, near Harar, 20. to 20. iii.* 1900 (Erlanger
and Neumann).
The copulutory organs of I'tiji/l/o ccheiioides and allied species {jaek.wni,
homeijerl, etc.) are practically alike.
104. Papilio demodocus demodocus.
PiquHii Eques Aclihiis demodwiis Esper, .1 «*/. .Sr/,/«. p. 2lir). n. 93. t. 51. f. 1 (179H) (" Chinai
Bengal " !).
Papiliu (kmorlonis doeusilemn Suffert, Ins xvii. p. 101. t. 2. f. 1 (1904) (Tabora).
Papilio (lemodnrux albimus, id., J.i\ p. 402 (1904) (Kamenin).
Papilio tlemodocm nnbilfi, id., (.'■. (1904) (the dark colour not due to moisture, etc., but natural).
A number of sjiecimens of this common insect were obtained at various places
in Northern Somaliland, Shoa, and Kaffa. There are no structnral differences
between P. dem. demodnciis from Oontinental Africa and South Arabia, dem. hennetti
from >Socotra, and dem. erithoiiioides from Madagascar.
According to Aurivillius, and, quoting from him, Pageustecher, /'. dem.
demodocus occurs also on Madagascar. The authority for this statement is
In the original description the 20. and 25. March are erroneously given as dates of capture.
( IS'' )
Hoisdnval f1833). Howevor, tlie Madagascar sjiocimens, which P.nisdinal rcfcrmd
to " deiiwleiis," were doubtless eritlwnioidi'S.
The species does not vary geograiibically on the Coutineut. The names
snpjilied by Herr SnfTort apply to individual aberrations. To call these individuals
" subs))ecies,"' and employ for them the formula now accepted by most students of
geograj)hical variation for the carietnx (/eograpliii-d only, is very misli'ading for
those who do not happen to know individuals similar to those described by Herr
Sutl'ert. We suppose it was not Herr Snfifert's intention to j)ublish as subspecies
all the numerous individual aberrations described by him in the number of the
Irix above cited, as he frequently speaks of them in the text as aberrations, though
he designates Papilio pi/lades lapydes and the named individuals of similar standing
as " n. snbsp."
We have three individuals from the collection of the late Mons. rajironnier
representing Caprounier's ab. nuhila, and we can only again contirm the statement
of Anrivillius that the deep colour of the markings is due to discoloration. The
wings of these specimens are not black, but have a brownish tint like decayed
specimens. The yellow markings are not quite evenly coloured, almost every spot
being darker in some places than in others, and some spots having even retained
small dots of the natural pale yellow colour oi demodociia. We have quite a numlier
of specimens of Papilio demodocun, inrnestheus, zalmou'iK, hesperua, etc., showing all
grades of discoloration. We have repeatedly received collections in tins in a more
or less decayed condition, the specimens lying on the top being in perfect order,
and tliose at the bottom of the tin being damp and quite spoiled, the colours being
often so evenly changed that the uninitiated author of names might very well be
misled to treat such individuals as natural varieties.
10."i. Papilio constantinus.
Pupil,,, ,;,nsl„,ilhiiii AVaril, /•.'///. M„. M,,,/. viii. p. .34 (IsTl) (Ribr. E. Afr.).
Only 2 c? (? were obtained, at the Mole River, 22.1.1901. They agree with
individuals from Mombasa and Kibwezi, British East Africa.
In most specimens of P. constantinus from Natal and Delagoa Bay the band
of the hindwiug, above, is narrow, and the snbmarginal spots stand closer
to the margin than in the individuals from British East Africa and Ethiopia,
the black discal area of the hindwiug being obviously wider in most southern
examples than in northern ones. Nearly all our specimens from the Kikuyu
Escarpment, British East Africa, are distinguished liy a broad baud and large
snbmarginal s])ots, the contrast in the width of the black discal area of the hind-
wing between Delagoa Bay specimens and the Kikuyu ones being very striking.
The only three specimens from German East Africa (Mikindani) which we possess
are broad-banded, and have the snbmarginal spots of the hindwiug in the same
position as Delagoa Bay specimens. They are, moreover, remarkable for possessing,
on the upperside of the forewing before K', a large creamy patch which touches the
cell, and includes a small black spot, patch R'— R^ being also enlarged. The hairy
streaks on the npperside of the forewing are variable in width and number. They
are narrower in all our Kiknyn specimens and in several examples from other
localities, while they are merged together in many individuals from Mombasa,
Kibwezi, Mikindani, Delagoa Bay, and Natal.
( 1S7 )
loo. Papilio dardanus antinorii.
P,ipih<, .i//;;«ii/v/" Oberthttr, Ann. Mas. Civ. Geic^ni xviii, p. 711. t. '.I. f . 4 ( J )(lH«:i) (.Shoa) : Aurlv.,
/..■. p. 404. n- 0 (1899) (Abyssinia ; Somaliland).
Localities: Abd-el-Kadr, south of Harar, 14.V.1900 ; GilletMts., liioil— 220(i m.,
29. vi. 1900,4. vii. 1900 ; Walenso, Gillet Mts., 2000 ra., 9. vii. I'.inu ; (iara-Daij or
Almnass, 1900—2200 m., 10. vii. 1900; Abulcassim, 2400— 2000 m., 10. vii. 1900;
Koritsclia to Toruata, Dara H., Gndji, 24. xii. 1900; Wori to (Taniitsclia, Kaffii,
r>. iii. 1901; Anderatscha, Kaffa, 12 to lO.iii. 190l ; Kankati to Ujibbe, Djimnia,
20. iii. 1901.
A long series of S S, but only two ? ?, wbich belong to the ordinary kind re-
sembling the male. The underside of the hindwing and the apical area of the under-
side of the forewing varies in the depth of the 3-ellow tint, some specimens being
more or less ochraceous, while others are as pale below as above. This difference,
which is met with also in the other subspecies of ilardanus, is not seasonal. The
upperside is slightl}' deeper yellow in some specimens than in others. The black
area of the upperside of the forewing has a nearly straight proximal edge. from
S(J^ — SM-, apart from the dentition at the veins, and forms a kind of hook at the
costal margin, the creamy area occupying the base of the cellule SC — SC° to a
larger extent than even in the iVlalagasic subspecies meriones. This creamy triangle
SC^ — iSC is occasionally produced distad along SC, being sometimes even con-
nected with the subapical spot ISC'* — SC'-'', which in this case is produced jiroximad
along .S(J'. The black discal spots R' — W of the upperside of the hindwing are
small, sometimes absent ; the black anal patch is comparatively large, often
connected with the marginal spot M-, seldom divided at M- into two jiatches, and
includes often a few pale scales indicating a transverse division of the patch ; the
black snbmarginal spots are as a rule sejiarate, the middle ones being generally
very small, even vestigia], but there occur specimens in which the spots form a
continuous zigzag baud from C to R^ ; the tail is mostly cream-colour, with a small
black central streak, not rarely all cream-colour, and occasionally more extended
black than creamy. The upper two cell-streaks of the underside of the hindwing
are not rarely on a long stalk, as in most meriones.
P. (lariL antinorii occurs northwards to Eritrea ; the southern limit of its range
is as yet not known.
There are five Continental subspecies of dardanus :
(a) P. dardanus cenea from South Africa, gradually merging into the next.
(b) P. dardanus tihaUiis from tropical East Africa (Delagoa Bay northwards).
(c) P. dardanus poh/trcipliug* from the mountainous districts east and west of
the Eldoma Ravine, gradually merging into the next.
(d) P. dardanus dardanus from West Africa, ranging from Sierra Leone to
Angola and Uganda.
(e) ]'. dan/anus antinorii from Abyssinia and Somaliland.
Herr Snffert's Papilio boosi, Iris xvii. p. )!i9. t. 1. f. 2 ((5') (1904) is the same as
poli/trop/ius. The specimen is certainly not from Dar-es-Salaam, where P. dardanu.^i
tihullus is found, but came doubtless from the hills above Nairobe, in British East
Africa, whence Herr Suffert has also received Lepidoptera, according to his j)ai)cr.
* Nvr. Zool. xi. p. 488 (l'.>03). This very interesting .subspecies is not mentioned by Trinien in his
account of the forms of dardanm (all treated as different " species," in spite of the intergradations) ;
see Tran.1. Ent. Sac. Loud. p. CiU (December 1901).
( 188 )
It IT. Papilio nireus pseudonireus.
Papilio pnemlrmiri us Felder, Beise Novara, Lep. p. 94 (18C5) (Bogos, Abyssinia).
Papiliii nirrus var. A., Oberthur, .Im«. Mns. Cir. Gevnra xv. p. 147. n. .3. (1S79) (Shoa, July).
Papilio ddtmUmiii Sharpe, Pior. Zniil. Snc. Loud. p. 5.S7. n. 85 (181>t>) (Darro Mts., Somaliland) :
AuriT., I.e. p. 475. n. 37 (1899).
Papiliii iiireiiK var. (ah.?) j)seutlo>iire>is, Aurivillius, I.e. p. 476. sub n. 38 (1899) (partim).
Papilio nireiiK, var. ahjssinira, nov. spec. ! Cannaviello, J/wc. Enl. x. p. "2 (1902) (Eritrea).
Papilio nirenx, Pagenstecher, l.r. p. I'.i]. n. 4 (1903) (synonymy, literature, and localities excluded ;
ManeR., 26. iii.Ol).
7 (?c? from : Gillet Mts., Somaliland, 1000—2200 m., 20. vi., 1. vii. lOiiO,
Waleuso, Gillet Mts., 2000 m., 8. vii. 1000 ; Habela to Alata, Sidamo, 12. xii. 1900.
Butler identified as p.^on/onrrcus quite a different insect (Proc. Zool. Soc 1S0.5.
p. 03:5) and thus misled Miss Sharpe to redescribe the present Papilio as a new
species.
The specimen from the Mane River mentioned by Pagenstecher as aberration
belongs to pseiidonii-eiis. Pagenstecher in 1003 follows Oberthur, who in 1879
called pseudoni reus an aberration of /tireu.s. However, the Abyssinian specimens
identified by Oberthiir as true /lirei/.s are the same as what Pagenstecher gives as
bromiiis in his list of the butterflies caught during Baron Erlanger's expedition, and
are neither Linne's nireus nor Donbleday's bromius (nor (iodman's hrontes), but
belong to a conspicuously different form of Papilio, not found outside Abyssinia and
Somaliland (see below, Prtpilio nethiops).
P. nir. p.^eiidonireiis differs from the otlier forms of nireus in the bine baud of
the forewing being more or less reduced. Tlie band is sometimes not narrower than
it is in exceptionally narrow-banded West and East African specimens of P. nir.
n/ret/.'i and P. nir. hjaeus, but the blue sjiots in the cell of the forewing situated
respectively at the upper and near the lower angle of the cell are always smaller in
pseudonireus than in lyaeus and nireus. In none of the seven S S are the spots
situated between the costal margin and R' of the forewing completely lost, though
in one of the eNamjdes they are represented only by a few blue scales. Among a
series of specimens from Salomoua, Eritrea, collected by Sehrader iu November and
December 1897, there are individuals with very strongly reduced median band
to the forewing, one of the specimens having no other remnant of the baud than
three tiny dots between M- and the hinder margin. Every specimen has at least
some bine submarginal dots on the uppersidc of the forewing, these dots being
either contiguous with the white marginal spots, or standing separate ; they are
in pairs, and are in some of Schrader's Salomona specimens very conspicuous,
assuming occasionally a creamy colour. The greyish cloudy scaling so often found
in South African specimens oi nireus hjaeus on the under surface near the apex of
the forewing and proximally of the middle of the hindwing is indicated in Neumann's
Sidamo individual, and quite distinct in some of Schrader's Salomona examples.
There are apj)arently no constant diff'erences in the sexual armature of the
three subspecies of P. nireus. The clasjier is triangular. The harpe consists of a
lougitndiual and a vertical process. The longitudinal one is an elongate flattened
piece of chitin, which lies flat on the clasper, reaching to the end of the latter. It
is dentate at the apex. The vertical process is a proximal dilatation of the upper
edge of the longitudinal one. Its upper edge is either truncate or sinuate, and more
or less densely dentate, seldom simj)le.. The distal angle of this ridge-like i}rocess
is often produced distad. In pseudonireus the longitudinal process is a little more
( ISO )
tapering than in the Western and Easleru subspecies, and the npper edge of the
vertical ridtje is more or less straight (apart from the teeth). The vertical process
is rather obvionsly variable in iiireiis nin'.iis as well as in nh-eus lyaeus. In our
two specimens from near Bandawe, Lake Nvassa, it is sinnate, but not denticulate.
In West African specimens it is often stronglj' produced distad, while in individuals
of bjaeus from British East Africa it is not rarely narrow and truncate.
The three Continental subspecies of P. iiircus are distributed as follows :
a. P. nireus nireus.
Piipllio Eques nireus Linne, Sijst. Nat. ed. x. p. 4(U. n. 38 (1708) ( ? , Ind. !).
i^ierra Leone to Central Angola, eastwards to the Nandi country, Kavirondo,
probably extending to the Eldoma Ravine.
Most of the Congo specimens are large.
Ij. P. nireus lyaeus.
Piqiiliu li/aeus Doubleday, Ann. Mmj. A'. //. xvi. p. 176 (18-1.?) (Atr. austr.).
Pujiilio lyaeus aeli/us Suffert, Iris xvii. p. 98 (1904) (German E. Afr.).*
Cape Colony to Southern Angola, northward to the Kikuyu Escarpment,
. British East Africa, east of the Eldoma Ravine. Mt. Kenia comes doubtless
in tlie range of this form ; we have not seen specimens from there.
The differences on which Suffert relies in the description of aeli/us are purely
individual.
'•. P. nireus pseudonireus.
Papiliu 2>seudiinircus Felder, I.e.
The mountainous regions of Northern Somaliland, northwards to Eritrea.
The (? of nireus differs constantly from that of bromius in the claspers being
triangular, as already pointed out by Doubleday in 1845. The vaginal armature of
the ? is also conspicuously different in the two species, the antevaginal, strongly
chitinised, ridge being in broiitea mesially produced into a denticulate lobe and
laterally armed with one long tooth, while the ridge is simple and mesially sinnate
in nireus. With both species is mixed uj) in collections a third, of which we know
as yet only the S- We have described it as Fapilio sosia in iVos. Zool. x. p. 488
(1003).
♦ Paj)ilio clirapkmvsJdi Suffert, I.e. t. 2. f. 2 ((J) (Nairobi) is a form of P. bromius. We have sixty
odd specimens of this form, which, though completely intergrading with hromivs hrontes and hrtiinhis
bromius, must be kept separate as a geographical race confined to the Ravine districts of British East
Africa.
Papilio phoreas tippeWiirchi Suffert, I.e. p. 'JO. t. 1. f. 1 is the same as plwrcax amortjei, described
from the same district in Nov. Zool. iii. p. 324 (ISiHi). The insect is common iu the hills cast and west of
the Ravine. The " subspecies " named by Herr Suifert iu Iris xvii., Papilio tlardanus btivisi, d. beitio,
P. rcnta tnacttlatus, c. discoptuirtattis, r. salitami, e. aecn", P. crherioidrK ri<lesclii, P. eytutrta itorcyta,
P. zenobi'i ttobicea, P. cijpraeajila Jilaprac, c. pracei/ola, P. hcspcriis mantlatissioius, P. viaekiitiunii
iminaculatus, vi. bimacnlatits, P. demodocies docusdriiio, d. iilbicani, P. ophidoctphahis phtiliisro, P. pylades
Itijjydts, P. cyrntis nusci/rtis, P. ucafryon Injouitea, P. ntjamcdrs iiiedrsaija, P. policc/u's lipoiu'.ica and
/'. rolonnti lonroiia are not goograpiiical forms, b.it individual aberrations. The number of such iadi-
\ id iial aberrations can be augmented to any extent, because no two individuals arc actu.ally identical.
The great difUculty in the naming of individual forms is the question where to stop. The number
of geographical races, on the contrary, is always limited.
Piijiiflii iiiocbii Suffert aj'pcars Im be a narrow-banded specimen of Itachci.
C 190 )
iD.s. Papilio aethiops spec. nov.
I\qii/io iiinii^, Oberthiir {iinii LinnJ. IToS). .l»/i. .!/«.<. Cir. Geimi, xv. p. 147. n. 3 (IST'.I) (Slioa,
tI. vii. ; var. A. e.xcl.).
(y) Papilio iixemhiiiimis, Sharpe («'</( Felder, 18ii6), /';•<«■. Zuol. S,ir. LnwI. p. 528. n. I'lT (189li)
(Somaliland).
Pu/iilio li-iiiile'', ead. (;i»h Godman, 1885), /.'■. p. 537. n. 84 (180(i) (Soinalilaiul).
I'ci/iiliii iiii-eus var. hjacm, Aurivillius ((m/i Doubleday, 1845), /.. , p. 47(;. sub n. 38 (1890) (partim;
Abyssinia); Pagenst., !.'■. p. I'JI. n. 4 (1903) (partim).
Piijiilio bromiiis var. liniiiliK, Auriv., l.r. p. 47C). sub n. 3'.i (1899) (partim : Somaliland) ; Pagunst.,
I.e. p. 191. D. 5 (1903) (litter, and syn. excl.).
(J. Greenish bine band of if/j/icr.n'r/c of the forewiug as limail as in P. hromin.-i
brontes, bnt mnch more irregnlar, not widening behind, incised externally at the
veins, patch M' — M- convex distally, longer than patch M- — SM- ; patches within
cell large, the hinder one with longer npper edge than in brontes, the proximal
edge of the patch standing mostly at a right angle to the vein ; no greenish blue
snbmarginal dots ; creamy fringe-spots distinct. Hindwing : band narrower than
in brontes, base of cellnle M' — M^ black, streak M^— (SM') short and narrow ; tail
much more projecting than in nirens and bromiu.-i, at least twice as long as in
those species.
I'lirh'ixidc as in brontrs ; but the hindwing bears more or less indistinct traces
of pale discal halfmoons (the last spot of this series is the white spot standing
near the abdominal margin proximally of the end of SM-), and the yellowish
white postdiscal spots of the same wing not interrnpted at the intemervular folds,
except the last ones.
Clasper less obtuse than in bromius, much less triangular than in nireu,s ; a
fold extends from the apical angle proximad in between the two processes of the
harpe. Harpe very different from those of the allied species : it has two ]>rocesses,
one elongate-triangular, large, with the upper edge densely denticulate ; the other
short, conical, projecting from the lower side of the first near its base.
¥. Ditferi from brontes in a similar way as the S. On the underside of the
hindwing there is a series of pale bars on the disc between the greyish postdiscal
band and the grey central area ; these bars are most distinct between R' and M',
and form the distal border of the brown discal band ; bars ]{-— M' curved, the
brown patches at their proximal side small, triangular.
Vaginal armature : antevaginal ridge not concealing the vaginal cavity, being
deejily and broadly sinuate in middle ; laterally i)roduced into a ratLer large tooth-
like projection.
A long series from: Gara Mulata, near Harar, T.. ill. I'.iUD; Gillet Mts.,
1900—2200 m., 20. vi. and 1 & 4. vii. 1900; Badatino to Almje, Shoa, 28. ix.
1900; Abuje, Shoa, 20. xi. 1000; Lake Abassi, 4. xii. loiiii ; Koritsha to Tomata,
Dara U., Gndji, 24. xii. lOOO; Wori to Gamitscha, Kafla, 5. iii, I'.iOl, ti/pc;
Gamitscha to Anderatseha, Kaffa, 0. iii. lOOI ; Anderatscha, Katt'a, 7—19. iii.
1901; Budda, Gimirra, IT. iv. 1901.
We have also specimens from Waleuso, Gillet Mts., and from Feleklek and
other places in Shoa.
Apparently as common iu Ethiopia and Northern Somaliland as is bromius in
other parts of Africa.
In two of our individuals the white postdiscal spots of the underside of the
hindwing are shaded over with brown, not contrasting much with the rest of
( 191 )
the wing, remindiug one of the Malgassic Papilio oribazus. Since aethiops differs
from broiiiius more than this does from iiireus, which two insects are certainly
specifically distinct from one another, we mnst treat aethiops also as distinct. In
structure aethiops stands wider off from bromias than does oribaziis.
100. Papilio similis umanus subspec. nov.
(?) Pupiliu hviiidiis Tabr., var. hi-asiibiH, Pagensteolier (mni, Felder, 1804), l.c. p. I'Jl. n. 7 (11103).
S. Upper dirty white line of abdomen thinner than the black line below it.
Pale spots of basal half of hiiidwiug reduced, the white spot C — SC- in front of cell
only 4 mm. long on upperside, somewhat larger below ; cell-i)atch obliquely truncate,
extending posteriorly very little beyond point of origin of M-, rather more than the
apical third of cell being black, the cell-patch smaller below than above ; no spot
at base of cellule M' — M- ; white streak behind cell narrow and short on underside,
not reaching M^; red colour at base of wings, below, reduced.
One c? from between Dalba to the Uma River, Konta, 28. ii. 19U1.
The sjfecimen recorded as brasidas by Pagenstecher, loc. cit., captured at
Arbarout by Baron Erlauger, may belong to the same subspecies ; we have not
seen it. The second specimen recorded in the same list, also as braxidus, from
Mombasa, 27. vii. lOUl, is perhaps the individual of a species of Papilio contained
in Burou Erlanger's collection labelled "Mombasa, 27. viii. I'JDI." This individual
is neitlier siinili-s nor brasidas, but the veiy distinct Papilio pldlonoc, not mentioned
in Pagenstecher's list,
Papilio similis brasidas from Sontli Africa is conspicuously different in most
individuals from P. similis similis, but some specimens come close to the latter.
We cannot find any constant diflierence between tropical West and East African
si)ecimens of similis. The form interniplaga seems to us to be based on an aberrant
individual. We have no specimen of this aberration.
P. pelopidas, described by Oberthiir with some doubt as a variety of similis
(= leouidas), is a distinct species. We have a pair of it from Pemba I. collected by
Mr. E. Morland.
Papilio pcciiliaris Neave, Xoc. Zool. xi. p. 342. u. 28. t. 1. fig. 7 (Entebbe)* is
the Uganda form of P. c'/iiorta. The Si which we have from Entebbe do not
differ constantly from West African specimens.
* As Mr. Neave had to leave for Africa when the paper above quoted was being printed, the proof-
reading was done ratlier hurriedly, and consequently a number of misprints were unfortunately not
corrected. In the present case the new PainUo is named P. (jaU'umis jiccnJUirU, though tlie insect was
known not to be a form of f/uUunvs.
( n»2 )
SOME PURTHEE. NOTES ON PULBJl CANIS CURTIS
AND FULEX FELIS EOUCHE.
BY THE HON. N. C. ROTHSCHILD, M.A., F.L.S.
IN the Entomologist's Kecord* we pointed out some distinctions between the
vHdes of P.felis and P. ranis. At tliat time, however, we were unabh' to give
any characteristics by which ihe. females of these two species could be distinguished.
Since the publication of the article in qnestion, Mr. Carl Baker,t Dr. William
Glen Liston, | and Dr. Carlo Tiraboschi § have maintained that the dilferences whicli
we mentioned between these two species were unreliable, the gentlemen in (inestion
insisting that F. canis and P. felis were indistinguishable, and were not, as we
stated, distinct species. We take this opportunity of reiterating our )>reviiins
statement, that /'. canis and P.felis are abundantly distinct. The mah-s of these
two insects can be readily distinguished from each other by differences exhibited in
their respective sexual organs, as detailed in our original paper.
We now, however, take the present opportunity of stating that iha fo/mtlfs can
be distinguished at a glance by the different shape of their respective heads. The
female of P.felis has a much longer and more pointed head than i\iQ female of
P. canis. The " new " variety, which Dr. Carlo Tiraboschi has named var. marina, \\
is, in fact, i]ie female of P.felis. The figures A. and B. illustrate the differences
between the heads of the females of these two species. In the males the difference
in the shape of the head is less strongly marked, but is quite perceptible.
There are several minor differences in addition, which serve to distinguish these
two insects. The first genal spine, and tlie spine situated at the posterior angle of
the genal process, are shorter in
both sexes of P. canis than they
are in P. felis. This distinction
Dr. Carlo Tiraboschi has already
pointed out in his description of
var. miirina to which we referred
above. Dr. Carlo Tiraboschi also
states that the autennal club of
his var. murina bears incisions on
one side only. We venture to
point out, however, that a similar
characteristic can be found in the
female of P. canis, the segments
of the club being, on the ventral
side, almost (•()mplet<'ly fused in \\ic females of both sj)ccics. Again, tlic alidomiiial
stigmata are larger in P. ranis than they are in P. felis. The hindtibia of
P. canis bears two bristles at the edge, situated between the fifth and apical dorsal
KiG. k.— Filler
* Vol. xiii. p. 121), plate (1901).
t I'Tor. U. S. .Vat. Mus. x-ivii. p. :iS5 0"^).
J In a private letter to the author.
§ AnUr. Piirasit. viii. p. 254 (liWi).
II Loc. cit. p. iliO. fig. 17.
( 103 ,
jiairs, while in P. felis there is only a single bristle in this iKjsititm, the single
bristle beinj; generally accom|ianie(l by a very minnle hair. This hair, thongh
sometimes more proximal in position, is invariably very small, and is placed
much nearer to the tifth pair of
bristles than to the snbajiical
bristle. The midtarsus is dis-
tinctly slenderer in F. felis than
in P. rrmi.Sj the second segment
especially being decidedly narrower.
The eighth tergite of the female
of P. felis is somewhat more
rounded at the apex, and the stylet
is rather more slender than in
P. canis. In addition to the above-
mentioned difference.s thereare some
others which are less constant.
Tiie prothoracic comb* usually consists of sixteen or seventeen spines in
P. canis and seventeen or eighteen in P. felis. The metalhoracic episternum of
P. felis bears two or three bristles, while in P. canis there are three or four on that
plate. The ei>imerum bears two rows of bristles, numbering in /'. felis five to
eight situated in the tirst row and five to seven in the second row. In P. canis the
first row consists of from seven to eleven bristles, while the second consists of from
seven to nine. The row of bristles on the inner side of the hindfemur consists in
P. felis of from seven to ten bristles, while in P. canis it consists of from ten to
thirteen.
KiG. B. — Piihx /li'iK.
* Ur. Carlo Tirabosohi states, in opposition to other autliors, tbat there are in all his specimens
eight genal ami eight protlioracio spines on each siile in the species which he calls scrraticcfs (which
comprises the male of P. felis and both sexes of P. cams). The number of spines in the prothoracic comb
of the specimens which we have examineJ is not quite constant either in P.fdU or in P. canis.
13
( l!*-! )
LIST OF BIRDS COLLECTED IN NORTH-WESTERN AUS-
TRALIA AND ARNHEM-LAND BY MR. J. T. TUNNEY.
BY ERNST HARTERT, Ph.D.
DI'IUNU tlie years 1901 to 19n3 Mr. J. T. Tunney collected luainmals !uid birds
in the uortb-westerii parts of West Australia and Aridieiii Land, the northern
l)ortiou of wliat is somewhat iucoiigruously called " Northern Territory of South
Australia."
All these districts, esjiecially the latter, belong to the less kuown ones of
Australia, aud therefore Mr. Tiinuey's collections increase our knowledge to some
extent. He even discovered a few new forms, in addition to sncb exceedingly
rare birds as Ptiliiiopus ciiwta alligator and Pctrophassa nijipetinis Collett, the
beautiful Pitta iris, etc., etc.
The Tring Museum is much indebted to Dr. Bernard AVoodward, the curator
of the Perth Museum, Western Australia, who arranged the expedition, and to
the zeal and industry of Mr. Tunney.
During the work on these birds I came across several open questions which
can only be answered by our ornithological friends in Australia, and we hope that
they will soon do so. Many collectors are so fond of egg- collecting that they
neglect the collecting of birds, even in countries which are quite insulticiently
kuown. The many problems still unsolved with regard to species and subspecies
show that this is a great mistake.
1 have employed trinomials for forms which agree with others in their main
features and at the same time represent them geographically, but there are doubtless
more birds which must eventually bear three names ; to decide finally about all
cases in which trinomials may be used means a thorough study of all Australian
birds and their allies. Mr. Campbell, in his admirable book cm the nests and eggs
of Australian birds, has sometimes recognised such geograjihical representatives or
subspecies, but Australian ornithologists have not yet generally advanced sufficiently
to thoroughly study and distinguish the local forms (subspecies) of birds, and to use
the eminently i)ractical and short method of trinomial nomenclature. 1 huj)e they
will not only follow my lead, but employ trinomials even more frequently than 1
have done in this short and merely informal article. My greetings to our ornitho-
logical brethren in Australia — to those I know and to those I hope to know in future !
A comjilete set of the birds here enumerated is in the Rothschild Museum at
Tring, a second one in the Perth Museum, Western Australia, and some have lieen
presented to the British Museum (Natural History), South Kensington, Loudon.
1. Dromaeus novaehollandiae (Lath.) (? subsp.).
Gtgiiuriiia iionicliiilliiiiiliiir Latham, fiid. Oni. ii. p. 1)65 (1790).
2 (JcJ, 1 ?, -Strelly Hiver, N.W. Australia, 1, 4. i.\. VMl (Nos. U. '^30, 231,
232).
1 ?, .Shaw Hiver, N.W. Australia, 27. viii. 19U1 (No. R. 22'j).
1 pull. Mary River, Northern Territory, 14. i.\. 1902 (No. 929).
( 195 )
2 imll. 4U miles west of Avergne Station, Northeni Territory, 25. vi. I9i)2
(Nos. K. 562, 553).
Tlie material at preseut at my disposal docs not enable me to discuss the
(juestion of the existence of one or more subspecies of Dromaeus iiooaehollandiaei
but there is no reason why there should not be several. Some specimens are very
reddish, but that is evidently not a subspecific character, but due to the reddish soil
with which they are smeared.
2. Megapodius duperreyi tumulus Gould.
(Cf. Nov. Zonl. 1901, p. 13(5.)
11 specimens. Alligator River, September 1903 (Nos. 1631 — 1H41).
M. (I. (iimtdits differs from M. il. duperreyi by its darker and more rntons
uj)perside and larger size.
3. Turnix maculosus (Temm.).
Eem'qmdiua macuhisus Temminck. Piijenns it Gall, iii. pp. 631, 757 (1815 : Australia).
cJ ad., c? pull., South Alligator River, October 1902, April 1903, on the river
flats, in the long grass. " Iris white, legs yellow." (Nos. 810, 1177.)
4. Turnix castanotus (Gould).
Heniipodius mdimntas Gould, P. Z. S. 1839. p. 145 (N.W. Australia)
S ? , South Alligator River, and 20 miles west of it, near the hills, on quartzite
ground. " Not numerous." (Nos. 1178, 1179.) " Iris and feet yellow."
A specimen from Obogama in N.W. Australia, received from Mr. Robert Hall,
is lighter on the back, rump and tail, with the feathers of the back with large black
patches.
5. Turnix velox Gould.
Hemipodiua oeloj; Gould, P. Z. .9. 1840. p. 150 (interior of N. S. Wales).
1 cJ, 3 ? ?, Nullugine, N.W. Australia, April 1901. " Iris and feet whitish."
In flat country, especially on the river flats. (Nos. R. 126 toR. 129.)
6. Synoicus' australis (Temm.).
Ciitiinii.i: uustralis Temminck, PiijenKS el Gull. iii. pp. 474, 740(1815 : Australia, Capt. Baudiu, Paris
Museum).
7 c? ¥. Lewis Island, July 1901 (Ncs. R. 199 to 205).
2 Si, Brock's Ureek, Northern Territory, August 1902 (Nos. R. 535, 636).
16 c??, Alligator River, July to November 1903 (Nos. 801 to 808, 1171a, 1639,
1540, 1660 to 1653, 1716).
7. Ptilinopus cincta alligator Collett.
Pliluj/us [Lcucotrcruii) alliijutor Collett, P. Z. .S. 1808. p. 354 (Alligator River).
c? ad., in granite ranges ten miles east of South Alligator River, 86 miles from
the coast, lo. viii. 1903. " C^olour of iris red, leg red." (No. 1536.)
? ad., shot in jungle near sandstone cliff at head of west branch of South
Alligator River, 22. v. 1903 (No. 1178h).
(Cf. Soc. Zool. 1904, p. 179.)
( 196 )
i^. Ptilinopus swainsoni ewingi (iould.
Ptilino/)US ewiniji Gould, /'. Z. S. 1842. p. 19 (Poit Essington).
4 (?<J, 4 ? ?, (South) Alligator Kiver,5,6, 7,'.», In. x. l'.Mi3 (Nos. IGiiS— 1620).
" Caught iti jungle at Kajiaregoo. Iris orauge, legs green, hill greenish."
".I. Myristicivora spilorrhoa (Gray).
Oirpopluiga sjulnrrhua G. R. Gray, P. Z. .S. 1868. pp 18ii, lOCi (Aru Is. ami New Holland— Port
Essington).
1 ?, Mary River, Northern Territory, VI. i.\-. I'Jii^ (No. Til).
7 cJd', 5 ¥ ¥, South Alligator River, o, T. .\. 10i)2, 9, 21. xi. l'J02, 21, 22, 30. ix.
1903 (Nos. 1604 to 1607). " Iris brown (black), feet bluish in some, greenish yellow
in other specimens."
lo. Geopelia humeralis (Temm.).
Culuiuba humcndis Temmiuck, Tiam. Linn. S'k: Lnnilnu, .'iiii. p. 128 (1821 ; Broad Sound,
Australia).
2 (?(J, 2 ? ?, Lewis Islands, N.W. Australia, 1. vii. 1901 (Nos. R. 178 to R.
181).
1 cJ, Urd River, East Kimberley, W. Australia, 17. vi. 1902 (No. R. 545).
1 ?, Brock's Creek, 5. viii. 1902 (No. R. 544).
2 SS, 1 ¥, (South) Alligator River, 2, 7. ix. 1903, 13. xi. 1902 (Nos. 1620,
1627, 1717). "Iris yellow, legs pink, bill bluish."
11. Geopelia placida (Jould.
Geupilh plnciflu Gould, P. Z. S. 1844. p. 65 (Port Essington).
Ge„peVm tranquilUi Gould, P. Z. N. 1844. p. 5G (N. S. AVales).
1 S, Derby, 7. iii. 1002 (No. 1625).
2 cJc?, Margaret River, Derby, W. Australia, 20, 25. iv. 1902 (Nos. R. 502,
R. 505).
2 SS, Eureka, Northern Territory, 2, 23. ii. 1903 (Nos. 1082, 1083).
1 (?, 2 ??, 1 juv., (South) Alligator River, 27. iii., 9, lo. iv., 15. ix. 1903
(Nos. 1301, 1172, 1172b, 1173c.).
" Iris white, legs pink. Numerous, found in all parts."
12. Geopelia cuneata (Lath.).
Columba cuneata Latham, hid. Orn. Supi>l. p. bti. no. 8 (1802 : " Habitat in Nova HoUandia ").
1 (?, 2 ? ?, Derby, 7. iii. 1902 (Nos. 1621 to 1624).
1 c?, 1 sex ?, Ord River, East Kimberley, 22. v. 1902 (Nos. R. 503, 5U4).
" Iris red (pink), feet flesh-colour (white), bill dull bine (black)."
13. Chalcophaps chrysochlora chrysochlora (\Vagl.).
Cuhunba cliri/svihliini Waglur. .S.y»7. .Ic. Columba spec. 711 (1827 ; description solely referable to the
Australian form. Synonyms and some of the localities — Ceylon, Java, Sumatra, China ! —
erroneous).
(Cf. Nov. Zool. l'J04, p. 18:i.)
2 Jc?, 1 ?, South Alligator River, 7, 9. x. 1903 (Nos. 1628, 1629, 1630).
'• Iris brown, feet pink."
( 197 )
14. Phaps chalcoptera (Lath.).
Ciilumha chalcoptera Latham, Iml. Om. ii. p. 604 (17yO : Norfolk Island.—? errore).
1 S, Miirgaret Rivei, Derby, W.A., 2n. iv. 1902 (No. R. 501).
1 (J, twelve miles from Victoria Station, Northern Territory, 4. vii. 1902
(No. R. 538).
1 t?, Cnllen River, Northern Territory, 24. vii. 1902 (No. R. 539).
I ¥, Brock's Creek, Northern Territory, 18. viii. 19o2 (No. R. 537).
" Iris brown, legs jiink, liill lilack."
15. Petrophassa rufipennis Collett.
Pelrophassa rufipmnh Collett, P. Z. S. 18!)1. p. 354, pi, xxviii. (Arnhem Land, N, Australia).
II <?(?, 12 ? ?, South Alligator River (mostly ten miles east of), .Inly, Angnst
1903 (Nos. 1515 to 1533, 1174D, 1175e, 1176f, 1177g). "Iris and legs brown
(legs black). In and near granite ranges, abont 85 miles from the coast."
Columba smilhii Jardine & Selhy, Jll. Ont. ii. pi. civ. (about 1836: "New Holland," cf. text to
pi. ciii.).
10. Geophaps smithii (.lard. & Selby).
i Selhy, Jll.Ont. ii. pi. civ. (about 1836: " N(
S ?, Cockatoo Springs, East Kiraberley, W. Australia, 2o. vi. l9o2(Nos. R. 541,
543).
1 <S, t'liUen River, Northern Territory, 24. vii. 1902 (No. R. 542).
2 (?cJ, 1 ¥, Sonth Alligator River, and 25 miles east of S. A. R., 0. .\i. 1902,
20. viii. 1903 (No. 716, 1534, 1535).
" Iris white (silvery grey). Legs dull pink. Bill black."'
17. Lopbophaps plumifera (Gonld).
Gfiiphaps plumifera Gould, P. Z. S. 184'2. p. 1!> (N.W. coast of Australia).
(L'iphophaps 2>liiinifera Gould, iicr Salvador! !)
2 cJJ, 1 ?, Hall's Creek Road (Uerliy), 17, 21. iv. 1902 (Nos. R. .507 to
R. 509).
2 ¥ ?, Margaret River, Derby, 25. iv. loo:^ (Nos. R. 51i), 511).
2 ¥ ¥, Fitzroy River, N.W. Australin., 2oo miles np the river fi'oin Derby, 9. iv.
1902 (Nos. R. 506, 512).
1 cJ, AVyndham District, October 1898 (No. 294).
1 am nsing the name jdi/m/fer/r for the birds enumerated as A. /('uroi/fisfer in
Cnf. J>. xxi. ]). 535. By some error Count Salvador! ajiplied the name iiliumjeva
wrongly to the bird correctly naraed ./e;7-«^/«e«. Gould describes and figures his
plumifera as having a white pectoral band and abdomen ("centre of the abdomen
snow white," cf. [laiiclh.B. Austi. ii. p. 136).
Mr. Rothschild has kept specimens of this graceful little Pigeon alive for
some years. Tbey do well on seed-food, and are extremely pretty. It is interesting
to see, however, what changes are effected in their ])lumage through being in
captivity and in a foreign climate. After some moults in many specimens the
cinnamon crest feather and the hinder part of the crown become ashy grey like
the forehead, and the entire ujijier surface l)ecoraes darker, in some specimens almost
blackish.
( 198 )
This is one ont of many examples which might serve to warn anthers who
are fond of describing " new species " from cage-birds in zoological gardens. No
donbt some such forms have really been good new species (for example, C/iri/soti-f
borlini) bnt some have so far remained uniqne, and are likely never to bo
iliscovered in a wild state, because they are merely cage-variiitioiis.
Whetlier /,. leiico<jaster, described from '• JMa.lirihanish Station" in Sontli
Australia, is slightly different from the typical N.W'. Australian plumiJVra, must
remain doubtful, until specimens have been comjiared, but the figures and descriptinu
agree so well with N.W. Australian birds, that I am inclined to think they are
quite the same. Evidently Gould did not believe in his own " sjiecies." It is very
amusing to read his excuses for naming it, in the B. o/Wustralia.
ly. Lophophaps ferruginea Uuuld.
Liijihojihiips ferruiihiea Gould, Hnnilh. II. Anxlratiti ii. pp. 137, 138 (1865: Gascoigne River
W. Australb).*
(L"pliiiph<(j>x jiliimifera Salvadori, Oil. II. x.\i. p. 533, >iec Gould !)
f) SS, 3 ??, Nnllagine (Taylor's Creek), N.W. Australia, April ISmi (Nos.
K. 83 to R. 01).
Probably there are only two s])ecies of Loj>//op//ap/i : L. frmiiiinea, with a
cinnamon abdomen, and L. plumifera (= leucogast ra) with a white abdomen.
The specimens of L. ferruginea. vary somewhat, some being deeper cinnamon,
some paler, but this is apparently merely due to freshness of ])lumage. The
specimens collected by Mr. T. Carter at Point (Jhiates, W. Australia, arc rather
pale and have very striking grey bases to the feathers of the n]iper l)ack. It is
possible that these belong to a new subspecies.
10. Ocyphaps lophotes (Temm.).
CulumJiii ln/,hotes Temminck, PI. Col 142 (18'_>:'. : Australia).
1 (?, Mt. Hatley, Hall's Creek Road, Derby, 10. iv. lOd-; (No. R. 499).
<??, Soda Springs, Hall's Creek Road, Uerbv, 23. iv. 1902 (Nos. R. 40.5,
R. TiOo).
3 (?(?, Margaret River, 13, 20, 25. iv. 19IJ2 (Nos. H. 494, 400, 407).
1 3, Elvira River, 14. v. 1902 (No. R. 49.S).
2 c?(?, Avergne Station, Northern Territory, 27. vi. ion:.' (.\os. R. 540,
E. 546).
" Iris ]>ink. Feet jiink. Bill black, pink at base."
(Possibly specimens from N. S. Wales and Vief<iria are slightly inure brownish
above, less pale ?)
2ii. Poliolimnas cinereus (VieilL).
Pi)rplnjrin liiiereiin Vieillot, Noui\ Diet, xxviii. p. 20 (IHIH : "Pays inconnii." Type from .Tava,
cf. Pucheran, li,r. <( i/,../. Zonh 1851, p. 56.3).
? ad.. South Alligator River, IS. xi. 1902 (No. 817). " In reeds near swamp.
The only one I have seen here."
r{ ad., Alligator Uiver, 2N. x. 1003 (No. 1014). " Sixty miles from the coast."
* Jri <\it. It. Jirit. Mi/s. my friend (.'ount Salvadori .'Jays that there is no description {di-xrr. 7inUti)
in the ]laiidhook. It is true there is no description on p. l.'i", hut there is a detailed one on p. l:iS
which hy snme accident was overlonked hy tlie usually most careful of authors of " Cut. B."
( 109 )
21. Porphyrio melanotus Teinm.
I'orphi/rin mefaiintii.i Temminck, Man. rl'Oni. ii. p. 7(11 (1820 : Australia).
0 ad., 2 jun., South Alligator Hiver, September — October 1902, September li)n3
(Nos. 978, 984, 1709). " Iris reddish, legs red."
The Arn birds, generally united with P. indavotus, seem to form a distinct
race with larger frontal shield and brighter bine underside, but onr material is
not sufficient at present to form a definite opinion.
22. Colymbus fluviatilis novaehoUandiae (Stejih.).
PMViiepunoruelioUaniliiie Stephens, in Shaw's Qfti. Zool. xiii. pt. 1. p. 18(lS'2tj : Australia).
1 6 ad., Lyon River, 3. iv. 1902 (No. 514).
f) (J ?, iramat., Soutli Alligator Hiver, November 19U2 (Nos. 917 to 921).
23. Hydrochelidon hybrida (Pall.).
SU-riKi hjihrlihi Pallas, Orn. Jimtsn-Axlril. ii. p. :i38 (1811 : S. Volga and Sarpa).
2 Jc?, (South) Alligator River, C. xi. 19i)2, 23. ix. 1903 (Nos. HIG, 1045).
24. Gelocholidon nilotica macrotarsa (Gonld).
ISlenin iiilalicu Gmelin, Sysl. Nul. i. p. CUI'j (1788; ex Hasselquist : Egypt, Of. Nur. ZuuJ. \Wi.
p. (504.)]
Sterna viacrntarsa Gould, P. Z. S. 18.37. p. 2i) (Tasmania).
2 (?(j, (South) Alligator River, 7. xi. 19i)2, 29. viii. 1903 (Nos. 815, 1700).
Australian example.s may easily lie distinguished from European and North
African ones by their larger bills, and American ones by tlieir very small beaks.
2.5. Hydroprogue caspia (Pall.).
Sliiiia (■((sjiid Pallas, Nm: Ciimm. Petroji. xiv. i. p. t)S2, pi. xxii. fig. 2 (1790).
2 ?¥, Lewis Island, N.W. Australia, 2S. vi., 2. vii. 190l (Nos. Ii. ISO, ls7).
'' Iris and legs Vjlack."
20. Sterna dougalli gracilis Gould.
(Cf. AW. Zn„!. 1902, p. 594.)
5 SS, 4 ? ?, Bedout Island, N.W. Australia, 26 to 28. v. 19ii] (Nos. R. 20
to R. 34).
27. Sterna bergii Licht.
Steniri hergii Licht., Vfi-^. DoiilL p. 80 (1823 : Cape of Good Hope).
3 JcJ, 3 ? ?, Redout Island, N.W. Australia, May 1901 (Nos. R. 3.i to R. 40).
Many of the well-known eggs were found.
( 200 )
2S. Sterna fuliginosa (im.
Sterna fuliginosa Gmelin. .Si/s/. .Wat. i. p. (JOu (1788 : ex Buffon, Forster, Latham, etc. " Hab. in
mari atlantico, americano, indico, australi septentrionali . . .'').
5 cf cJ, o ? ?, Bedont Island, N.W. Australia, 2U to 2>i. v. 1901 (Nos. R. 1(5 to
R. 25).
There are no doubt subspecies also of this bird, but 1 cannot at present discuss
them satisfactorily.
Man}- eggs were taken.
J't. Anous stolidus pileatus (.Scop.).
(Cf. Nov. Znnl. I'.IOI), p. !•.■)
Apparently the Australian form is the same as that of the North Pacitie.
Sometimes the forehead is very white.
G cJc?, 4 ? ?, Bedont Island, N.W. Australia, May I'.Hjl (Nos. R. 0 to R. 15).
This bird had also eggs during the visits.
:iii. Larus novaehoUandiae Steph.
Lurtix iiomeliollamliae Steph., in Shaw's Geii. Znot. xiii. pt. i. p. 19G (18'2G : ex Latham).
1 6 juv., Lewis Island, N.W. Australia, 27. vi. 19U1 (No. R. 185).
:M. Haematopus unicolor fuliginosus (ionld.
[Ilaemal'ipus nnirolur Wagler, /.</.s, iH'i'i, p. l.'io (ex Forster's MS., loc. New Zealand).]
Haematopus fuliginosus Gould, B. Australia vi. pi. 8 (1840 : Australia).
It seems to me that Anstralian specimens of the black Oyster-catcher can
easily be distingnished by their bills being much stouter and more rounded in
front on the culmen, not so sharp, knife-lilce, as in //. unicolor from New Zealand.
?, Lewis Island, N.W. Australia, 1. vii. luo:^ (No. R. 188).
3v!. Haematopus longirostris Vieill.
Ilaematnpns longirostris Vieill<it. Xour. Diet, d'llist. Nat. xv. p. 410 (1817 : Australia).
1 cT, 2 ? ?, Lewis Island, N.W. Australia, 24. vi., 3, 5. vii. IWl (Nos. R. 182
to R. 184).
1 ?, Port Headland, 5. viii. lOol (Nd. U. 225).
" Iris red, legs pink."
33. Erythrogonys cinctus Gould.
Krijthrogoitgsi liu.lus Gould, /'. Z. .S. J8.'!7. p. \M. ('-In Novil C:imhii.'"i Australi ").
<J, South Alligator Kiver, November 1902 (No. 900).
34. Lobivanellus miles (Bodd.).
Tringa miles Boddaert, TaU. I'l, hint. p. 01 (1785: ex Buiroii A- Brisson. Locality cironeouslj-
Louisiana ! We may accept Australia as the typical locality.)
8 J ? ad., .South Alligator River, IT, 30. x. 1902, 12. xi. 19ii2, 24. viii,,
11. i.\. 1903 (No-. 913 to 91(;, 1042 to 1044, 1743).
( 201 )
1 ? ml, Eureka, 13. i. 1903 (Xo. Iu33).
1 (J jiiv., Hall Creek, K). iv. Hi(i2 (No. R. 515).
" Iris yellow, legs pink."
35. Ochthodromns veredus (Gould).
Cliarrulriua verediix Gould, P. Z. H. 1848. p. 38 (Nortbern Australia).
2 i$, 8 ?¥, all ill wiater plnraage, (South) Alligator River, October to
November 1902, Sei)teiuber 1903 (Nos. 885 to 890, 1775 to 1777, I78ii, 1782).
" Iris black (brown), legs j'ellowish (brown), bill black."
30. Ochthodromus mongolus (Pall.).
C'//«)v(f7/v«.i iiinngolun Pallns, Rrtur, iii. p. 700 (Mongolia).
1 3, Bedont Island, 28. v. 1901 (No. R. 41).
37. Aegialitis ruficapillus (Temm.).
Chamdiiun riificapillns Temm., PI. O./. v. pi. 147. fig. -' (1932: " L'Oc'anie").
c? ad., Lewis Island, 4. vii. 1901 (No. R. 194). " Iris brown, legs black."
?, Derby, 5. iii. 1902 (No. 1000).
38. Aegialitis melanops (Vieill.).
Chariulrius melminpa Vieillofc, Nouv. Diet. tl'IIi-it. Neil, xxvii. p. 139 (1818).
i, Meda Station, Kimberley, 8. ii. 1902. " Iris brown (dark), feet flesh-colour,
bill pink at base, black at tip" (No. 400).
?, South Alligator River, 0. .\i. 1902 (No. 897).
39. Himantopus leucocephalus <iouKl.
I/iinantopus leitcoce/ihaliis Gould, P. Z. S. 1837. p. 2lj ("Australia et insults Java, Sumatra ").
5 (?c?, 3 ? ?, South Alligator River, October and November 1902, June aiul
August 1903 (Nos. 907 to 912, 1 180, 1707). " Iris and legs red, bill black."
40. Nnmenius cyanopus Vieill.
Numenhis ci/riiinjms Vieillot, Xnur. Hirl. iVIIhl. Nut. viii. p. 300 (1817 : Australia).
1 (? ad., Derby, W. Australia, 10. xii. 1901 (No. 302).
41. Numenius phaeopus variegatus (Scop.).
(Of. Nn,'. Z'ul. 1904, p. 18ti.)
1 ?, Derby, W. Australia, 19. .xii. lool (No. 363).
42. Numenius minutus (iould.
Niimeiihis miniiliis Gould, P. Z. S. 1840. p. 17(1 (New South Wales).
Meso!<i-nlnpa.r mimitns Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mm. xxiv. p. 371.
I do not think that it is advisable to separate this bird generically en
account of the back and sides of the metatarsus being more largely sculelhited.
( 202 )
the scutellne not being broken nj) as in Xiimrniiis, where these portions are
reticulated. If such a character alone is made nse of lor generic separation, why
is it not done with Ileteractitis bretipes and incanus ?
1 ?, Port Headland, 4. x. 100] (No. R. 300).
4 (?<?, (i ? ?, (South) Alligator River, October ami Novcuilirr lit02, Sej)tember
and October l'.Mi3 (Nos. 893 to 896, 1778, 1779, KM, 17s3, 1784, 1785).
43. Heteractitis brevipes (Viuill.).
Tdliniiis Ireripes Vieillot, Nimr. Did, vi. p. 410 (1816).
1 cJ, Port Heaillaiid, .".. viii. 19ul (No. R. 227).
44. Heteropygia acuminatus (Horsf.).
Triiigii onimimifiix Horsf., Trans, Linn. Sac. Lnml., xiii. p. 192 (1821 : Java).
2 (Jc?, (South) Alligator River, 21. x. Ui02. 25. ix. 1903 (Noa. .-syi, 177(3).
45. Hydralector gallinacea I'Teiuni.).
P<iri-<i !/iillimieea Temminck, PI. C"l. v. pi. 404(1828).
Tiie ? seems reall}- to be larger than the S ; the 3onug have no black chest,
cj ?, near Mary River, Northern Territory, 12, 22. ix. 1902 (Nos. 820, 828).
5 cJ J, (i ? ?, South Alligator River, October 1!)U2 (Nos. 818, 819, 821 to 827,
829, 829a).
" Iris brown, legs greenish yellow."
4ij. Stiltia Isabella (Vieill.).
Glarenia inahelhi Vieillot, AnaJyfie p. 69 (1816 : " habite I'AiistralaRie '').
3 c?cf, 5 ??, South Alligator River, October and November 19o2 (Nos. 898
to 9o5). " Iris brown, legs lirown."
47. Burhinus grallarius (Lath.).
Charadrius grallarius Latham, hnJ. Orn. Snpjil. p. l.wi. (1801 : Australia).
{Charadrina magniroatvis Latham, hnl. Orn. Siijipl. p. Ixvi. precedes the name grnlhtriiDi, Imt it is
doubtful if the fcrmei- can be accepted.)
1 ?, Shaw River, N.W. Australia, 28. viii. lOol (No. R. 224).
1 ?, Union, Northern Territory, 27. ix. 1902 (No. »30).
2 SS,2 ? ?, South Alligator River, March, May, June l'.»o3 (Nos. 1181 to
1184).
" Iris yellow. Legs pale yellowish olive."
4s. Esacus magnirostris (Vieill.).
OediinfnuiK magnimxlris Vieillot, Nanr. Dirl. d' Hist. Nut. .xxiii. p. 231 (" ].■> Nouvelh; Hollande ' ).
1 J, 1 ?, Lewis Island, N.W. Austmlia, .Iinic I'.iUl (Nos. U. IMi, I'.Hi),
40. Eupodotis australis (•!. K. (Jray).
y, in Griffith's eii. Ciivier's Aniinnl Kingdun.
1 ?, Box Soak, N.W. Australia, 20. ix. lool (.\i>. 22><).
Olis nn/'tridi.i .1. E. Oray, in Griffith's eii. Ciivier's AnimnI Kingdum, Hirds, iii. p. .30.') (1829 :
Austialia).
( 203 )
50. Antigone australasiana (Gonld).
Griis australasiana Gould, B. Anstr. vi., pi. 48 (1848).
1 (S, Ewaka, Northern Territory, 23. i. 1903 (No. 1054).
7 cJ?, Alligator River, June and August 1903 (Nos. 1345 to 1348, 1807,
1808, one without label). " Iris yellow, legs purplish black."
51. Ibis molucca <'uv.
Jliia molncra Cuvier, Rirjnr Aniinal, i. p. 520 (1829),
, 7 cJ ?, South Alligator River, September, October, November 1002, 19ii3 (Nos.
858 to 862, 870, 1792). " Iris and legs brown."
52. Carphibis spinicollis (Jameson).
Ihis spinicolVis Jameson, Eilhihiirgli Ni'w I'lul. Jiinni. xix. p. 211) (1835).
2 (? ad., 1 (? jnv., South Alligator River, 1. xi. 1902, 17. vi. 1903 (No.s. 803,
11S5, 1180). " Iris brown, legs dull pink, black in the young."
53. Plegadis falcinellus (L.).
Tiiiiliihis fdlr'aielliis Linnaeus, ^ifHt. Nat. ed. xii., 1, p. 241 (ITOi'i : '■ Hah. in Austria, Italia, circa
lacus ").
He??, South Alligator River, October, November 1902, June, September 1903
(Nos. 804 to 873, 1187, 1791).
54. Platalea regia (ionld.
Plakilm reg'ia Gould, P. Z.S. 18.^7. p. lOG (" Nov.i Cambria, Australia").
7 (?(???, South Alligator River, November 1902, October 1903 (Nos. 875,
877, 878, 879, 880, 1780 to 1788). " Iris red, reddish, black, i)rown."
55. Xenorhynchus asiatica (Lath.).
Mjieteria aaiatka Latham, Ind, Oni. ii. p. 07U (17ilU).
<? juv., Mary River, 2. x. 1902.
c??, South Alligator River, November 1902 ; 7 cJ?,Jnne and August 1903
(Nos. 882, 884, 1349,' 1802 to ]s0G).
50. Ardea sumatrana Raffl.
Anlea mimafraiiit Raffles, Trans. Linn. Sor. xiii. p. 325 (1822).
1 <S juv.. South Alligator River, 21. x. 1902 (No. 874). " Iris yellow."
57. Mesophoyx plumiferus (Gould).
IhrmJiasiihimiferiis Gould, P.Z.ii. 1847. p. 221 (N. S. Wales).
I am inclined to unite the genus ,\fi:^ojj//oi/.r with IL'rodids and Garzctta. The
serrations on the mandible are so line, tlie male ornaments not jiractical as generic
characters, the bills so variously shaped, that 1 cannot see the use of these many
genera of Anlciilae.
( 204 )
« c? ?, Alligator River, October hnr>, August 1903 (Nos. 848 to 855, 1751).
1 (J, east of Mary River, Northern Territory, 21. ix. 1002 (No. 847). "Iris
yellow, legs black."
58. Herodias alba timoriensis Less.
I c? ml., Soutii Alligator River, Ki. x. 1002 (No. 857). One witliont laliel.
50. Notophoyx pacifica (Lath.).
Ardenpaclficn Latham, /lul. Orn. Suppl. p. Ixv. (1801 : Au.stralia).
? ad., South Alligator River, 24. x. 19ii2 (No. 830). " Iri.s yellow, legs black."
00. Notophoyx picata (Gould).
Herodian jiiiitia Gould, P.Z.S. 1845. p. 02 (Port Essini;ton).
I .see no reason for rejecting the ivdme jj/cata, because there is an A idea picata
Raffles (1822), which is a synonym oi Dupefor fltirirollis Lath.
10 (J?, 1 juv., Alligntor Uiver, October, November 10ii2, September 1003
(Nos. 837 to S4X, 1744 to 1750). " Iris yellow, legs yellow." On the open river
flats.
• il. Demiegretta sacra (Gm.).
? in slate-grey plumage with white throat-stripe, Lewis Islaiul, N.W.
Australia, 20. vi. lOiil (No. R. 101).
02. Butorides javanica staguatilis ((iould).
Arihlla sliii/imllUii Gould, Pinr. Znol. Soc. 1847. p. 221 (Port Essington).
<?, Derby, W. Australia, 10. xii. lool (No. R. 304).
63. Dupetor flavicoUis gouldi (Bp.).
(Cf. Xor. Zn„l. 1903, p. G8).
? ad.. South .Mligator River, 8. iv. 1003 (No. 1170 i).
04. Nycticorax caledonica ((jui.).
2 ? ad., 4 (J juv.. Alligator River, Oetolier, November 10(i2 (Nos. S31 to 835,
1708).
1 S ad., 1 i juv.. Eureka, Northern Territory, .lanuary, February l'.i03
(Nos. 1034, 1127).
1 ? juv., Nullagine River, 17. iv. 1001 (No. R. 140).
1 ? ad., Coongan River, N.W. Australia, 5. iv. loul (No. If. l.Mi).
05. Cygnus atrata (Lath.).
Specimens were received from Onslow, N.W. Anstnilia : Augusta, S.W . Aus-
tralia ; Oyster Harbour, Albany, S.W. Australia, all more or less immature. \
young in clown tVum T. f'.-irter. obtiiined near I'diiil Cloates, W. Australia.
20. vii. lOOU.
( 205 )
06. Anseranas semipalmata (Lath.).
11 df iid., Alligator River, October lOu:.!, October 1903 (Nob. 93T, 1)39, 941
943,944, 1711, 1798 to isol).
1 c?, 1 ?, near Mary Kiver, Northern Territory, 'S^. ix. 19112 (Nos. 938, 941).
" Iris brown, feet yellow."
Many of the specimens have the white uader-surtkce soiled with rust-brown,
apparently from water containing iron.
07. Nettapus pulchellus Gould.
Nelkqms jiiikhdhis Gould, P. Z. H. 1841. p. 8'J (N. Australia).
3 Jc?, 3 ? ?, «outh Alligator River, October 190:^; (Nos. 931 to 936).
1 tJ, Mary River, Northern Territory, 1-;. ix. 199:^ (No. 930).
3 c?c?, :3 '? ?, Margaret River, Northern Territory, Angnst 1902 (Nos. K. 547
to 00 I .
Found on mo.st of the watercourses in the i)arts visited by Mr. Tunney, though
not very numerous.
OS. Dendrocygna arcuata (Horsf.).
Anas (irciKttu Horsf., Xonl. Ris. in Java, pi. 65 (1822 ; Java).
7 c^ ¥ ad., .Sonth Alligator River, October 190::.', June 1903 (Nos. 960 to 965,
1191).
•Z ad., Meda Station, L'7. i. 1902 (Nos. R. 377, 378).
69. Dendrocygna eytoni (Eyton).
Leptotarsis eytoni Eyton, Mon. Aiiat. p. 1 1 1 (1838 : ex Gould MS. — Australia).
1 (?, 3 ? ?, hiouth Alligator River, October 1903 (Nos. 1793 to 1790).
1 <S, Mary River, September 1902 (No. 9.59).
1 (?, 1 ?, Glencoe Station, 3. xii. 1902 (Nos. 957, 958).
1 J, Mt. Ringwood, 24. ix. 1902 (No. 966).
1 ¥ , Meda Station (Derby), 28. i. 1902 (No. H. 376).
70. Tadorna radjah rufitergum subsp. nov.
Anas mdjiih Garn., Vuji. Coqii., ZmA. i. 2, p. 'M)2 (18:i8 : Buru).]
Oomparing the Australian specimens with our large series from the Moluccan
Islands and New Guinea, Mr. Rothschild and I found that the former difier strikingly
from the latter {i.e. typical radjah) by their chestnut or dark chestnut, instead of
brownish black upper back.
Type of T. r. ruliteri/tcm : c? ad.. South Alligator River, 13. x. 1902. Tunney
coll. (No. 975).
Count Salvadori {('at. B. Brit. Mas. xxvii. p. 170) has already drawn attention
to the difi'erences of Australian specimens, but has not given a name to them. The
larger size of the Australian bird is not constant in a series, though generally
noticeable.
12 c? ? ad., 1 juv.. South Alligator River, October— November 1902, June 1903
(Nos. 907 to 977, 1189, 1190). "Iris and legs white."
( 206 )
71. Anas superciliosa (im.
Anus siiptniliom Gmelin, ,Si/ft. Xnl. i. p. 537 (1788 : New Zealand).
5 cJ ?, Scintli Alligator River, October l'J(J2 (Nos. 949 to 9oH). " Iris browu.'
1 S, near Mary l{iver, Northern Territory, -^2. ix. 19(11.! (No. 'Jo4).
1 ? Jan., Nulliigine Road, 4. v. I'.Mil (No. U. lo^).
•^ ? jun., Carbana Pool, Nnllagine Road, 3. v. VMtl (Nos. H. lo:3, 154).
7i!. Anas gibberifrons s. Miill.
Amis r/ibhrri/roiis S. Miiller, Xnl. GescI). Xnl. Iml., Jbtiid- i:n Volkeukuiide, p. 1.50 (1839-44:
Celebes).
•Z a, 1 ?, Alligator Hiver, October— November 1W2 (Nos. 945 to 947).
1 S, Minnies Pool, Derby, 16. iv. 1902 (No. R. iiKi).
2 JcT, 1 ?, Oondon Road, May 19U1 (Nos. 53 to 55).
73. Stictonetta naevosa (Gould).
Amis miei-osa Gould, P. Z. 8. 1840. p. 177 (W. Australia).
1 ? ad., South Alligator River, 10. x. 1902 (No. 94.^). " Iris brown."
74. Nyroca australis Eyton.
Xiji-iim australis Eytoii, J/o«. Auat. p. 100 (1838 : e.\ Gould M.S.).
1 c?, 1 ?, 10 miles west ot and near South Alligator Kiver, November 1902
(Nos. 955, 956). " Iris white, legs Inown."
75. Phalacrocorax sulcirostris (Brandt).
2 ? ?, South Alligator River, November 19U2 (Nos. 922, 1)23).
70. Phalacrocorax melanoleucus (Vieill.).
1 i ad.. Alligator River, 29. viii. 1903 (No. I71oj.
77. Plotus novaehoUandiae (iould.
2 <? ud., 2 (? juv., 1 ?, South Alligator River, October— November 1902
(Nos. 925 to 928).
1 ? ad. (erroneously sexed " 6 "), Carbana Pool, Nullagine Road (No. R. 151).
7s. Sula cyanops (Sund.).
2 (^c?, 3 ? ?, Redout Island, West Australia, "May I'.iol (Nos. 51, .52, 5(5 to 66).
" Iris yellow, legs blue."
79. Sula sula (L.).
6 (?J, 5 ?V, Bedout Island, West Australia, May I'.Mil (Nos. 42 to 60,
67 to 69).
( 207 )
80. Fregata ariel (Gould).
13 S ? ad., Bedout Island, May lijljl (Nos. 70 to 82). " Iris brown, legs red."
Nnmerons eggs were found, measuring 5U-7 x 41, 6<i x 45, 6'Z-~ x 47'7,
(i5 X 43-5, 60-7 x 42-7, and 70-6 x 47 mm.
81. Pelecanus conspicillatus Temm.
1 ?, South Alligator River, 20. ix. l'.)()3 (No. 1797).
82. Astur novaehoUandiae (Gm).
Falco Nofuc IIi)/luii(liae Uraelin, S/jst. Nat. i. p. 2(14 (1781 — ex Latham, " New-Hollaud White
Eagle." New Holland).
2 cJJ, 2 ? ¥ , Alligator River, (J, 10, 27. x. 1003 (No.s. 1752— 1755). " Iris red,
legs yellow."
1 ?, Gregory River, Nortlieru Territory, lo. vii. 1"J()2 (No. R. 554).
1 ? , east of Mary River, Northern Territory, 1(3. i.x. 1002 (No. 092).
83. Astur fasciatus Vig. & Horsf. {ttpproximans anct.).
Adurfasciatus Vig. & Horsf., Tnms. Linn. Hoc. Land. xv. p. 181. No. 4 (Australia).
Astur appi-o.cimuiis Vig. & Horsf., Trims. Linn. Sor. Land. xv. p. 181. No. b (Australia).
The underside of this species is barred with browu and white, the white bars
being as wide or a little narrower than the brown ones, which are rufons-browu,
with darker edges.
There is a great variation in size, the females alone varying in the wiug from
208 to 291 mm. Males are strangely rare in collections, at least adult ones. They
are sometimes exactly like the females, only smaller, sometimes, however, much
more reddish, but the dark bars of the under-surface paler, more reddish, the white
ones narrower. Such specimens are hardly distinguishable from females of A.itur
toiqaatus torqicatits from Timor, except that the bill is smaller. If they really are
males they can only be the males of approwimans. The males are very much
smaller, the wings measuring only 228 to 247 mm. Specimens from Queensland,
North and North-West Australia, agree fairly well with each other, though some-
what variable.
A specimen shot in the " North of Victoria " is much darker browu above, and
the brown bars below are very broad and dark. It is possible that a series
shows similar diti'erences, in which case we should distinguish a darker subspecies iu
Victoria.
Mr. Tuuney sent the following specimens :
? juv., Eureka, Northern Territory, 10. i. 1903 (No. 982).
(? ? ad., ? juv. (the adult S sexed J, but doubtless erroneously) (South)
Alligator River, 12. v., 17. vi., 22. ix. 1903 (Nos. 1198, 1199, 1769).
" (? ? ad. : Iris and legs yellow. Juv. : Iris and legs yellow."
84. Astur cruentus Gould.
Aslur cruentus Gould, P. Z. S. 1842. p. 113 (W. Australia).
1 " (^ " Mt. Anderson, W. Kimberley, 20. x. 1901 (No. R. 277).
1 have named this specimen cruentus, as Sharjie, Robinson, and Australian
( 208 )
authorities have named similar specimens c/ue/itiin. Thcv sire underneath light
rust}' cinnamon with narrow white bars. The rufous band on the hind-neck is
wide and uninterrupted. The wing <ifthis bird (marked c?) measures 27t) mm., that
of a female from Point Cloates 310 mm.
It is jiossible that these birds do not belong to .1. rnicutus, though it is by no
means certain. Mr. Rothschild thinks they must be the same, since the variation
oi' A. /mciatu.s (= n/ijiruiimaiis) and that tii' ton/iz/it'i.t from Timor is consideralde.
s-V Accipiter cirrocephahis (Viiill.).
fijitin-ius lirvucephttlus Vieillot, Nuiii-. Dirt, d'llist. Nut. x. p. 329 (1817— Australia).
1 ? ad., Brock's (.'reek, 6. viii. lOii'i (No. R. o6(i. " Iris and feet yellow, bill
black."
1 ? ad., 2 ? ? juv., 1 S juv.. South Alligator River, IT. xi. l!i()2, I'.i. x. lliOS
(Nos. 694, 1766, 1767, 1768).
It is truly strange how entirely similar this An-ipiter is to Astnr Jasciatus
(= apjjioximans). In some cases absolutely nothing serves to distinguish a o A-'itur
from a ? Accipiter (adult and young), excejit the smaller bill of the latter and its
long thin toes. While the inner toe (without claw) in the Astur reaches much
beyond the first joint of the middle toe, often as far us the second one, it only
reaches tlie first joint in the Accipitrr.
86. Haliaetus leucogaster (tim.).
Fahu hinvgvjitir, Gmelin, Sysl. Nat. i. p. ■2.b^ (1788— u.k Latham. Locality uiikaown).
cJ? ad., 6S juv., South Alligator River, October and November 19U2, June
and October 1U03 (Nos. 60(1, 691, 1102, 1103, 1774).
All these siiecimens are very large. Perhaps there is a larger race of the White-
bellied Sea Eagle in Australia !
87. Haliastur Indus girrenera (Vieill.).
? ad., Derby, 6. iii. 1902 (No. 1756).
88. Haliastur sphenurus (Vieill.).
Melvus ajjinis Gould, P. Z. S. 1837. p. 140 (Australia).
? jnv., South Alligator River, 6. vi. 19U3 (No. 1104).
80. Elanus axillaris (Lath.).
FaUo iuilkms Latbani, hid. On,. Suppl. i. p. ix. (1801 ; " babitat in Nova Uullandia').
5 c?? ad., 3 jun.. Alligator River, September and October 1003 (Nos. 1757 to
1763, 1770). " Iris red, legs yellow."
90. leracidea berigora (Vig. <fe Horsf.).
Falco beiirjoiv Vig. & Horsf.., Tram. Linn. Sue. Lund. xv. p. 184 (1827— Australia).
?, Nullagiue, 16. iv. lOOl (No. R. 155). Breast and abdomen cinuamon-rutbus-
brown. Patch in the middle of abdomen whitish with brown bars. " Iris brown,
legs bluish."
C 209 )
?, Argyle Station, East Kimberley, 31. v. 1902 (No. R. 410). Throat, breast,
abdomen, and under tail-coverts white, some of the feathers with dark browa
shafts, sides tinged with pale rufous and with more regular brown shafts. Thighs
rufous-brown.
(?, Condon Rd., 15. v. 1901 (No. U. 1). Throat buff, breast and sides of body
brown, with darker shafts, middle of abdomen buff, with dark .shaft-Hues.
These three specimens have the general colour above rufous and the thighs
rufous, and belong thus to the form called beriijora in Cat. B. i. p. 421 {ncciilentalix
Gould). I doubt whether they are specifically or subspecifically different, but cannot
prove the contrary yet.
'••1. leracidea orientalis Sharpe.
Fn\ci> htr'irjora orieiiUilU Schlegel, Nauiiiuiiiiiu 18."i.5 p. '254 (nomen nudum I).
Iliemddeu oriciiliifis Sbarpe (ex Schl. nom. nud.), Cut. B. i. p. 422.
1 <?,2 ? ¥, South Alligator River, April and June 1903 (Nos. 1195, 119C),
1 107). " Iris brown, legs bluish."
These birds are above dark brown, and have brown thighs, and lielong to the
birds for which Dr. Sharjie adojjted the name orlnitalis.
A specimen from the Fitzroy River, N.W. Australia, received from Mr. Robert
Hall, is below like this dark bird, but above decidedly rufous ! I appeal to the
Australian field-naturalists to study these birds, and to collect series of paired adult
birds and their young, in order to find out if they are mere aberrations (so-called
" phases ") or species. They do not seem to be geographical representatives (sub-
species), and I doubt whether they are species.
92. Faico lunulatus Lath.
Fako lunulalun Latham, Iml. Oni. Siipjil. p. xiii (1801 — Australia).
1 ?, Brock's Creek, Northern Territory, lO.viii. 1902 (No. R. 555).
2 (?(?, 1 ?, Alligator River, 24. ix. 1902, 10,29. ix. 1903 (Nos. 693, 1704, 170.5).
"' Iris brown, feet yellow."
93. Cerchneis cenchroides (Vig. & Horsf.).
Fuloj ccnchrohhs Vigors i Horsfield, Tnms. Linn. i<uc. -w. p. 183 (1826 — Australia).
1 ?, Eureka River, Northern Territory, 0. ii. 1003 (No. 1050).
94. Pandion haliaetus leucocephalus Gould,
c??, Lewis Island, N.W. Australia, 25,20.vi. 1901 (Nos. R. 108, 109).
05. Ninox connivens occidentalis Rams.
Nino.c connivcns-uccideuUilia Ramsay, I'rof. Linn. ^'y. X.S. Wales i. (2). p. 1086 (1886 — N.W.
Australia).
(^ ?, Yceda Creek, W. Kimberley, 23. xi. 1901 (Nos. 275, 270).
cJ, Margaret Crossing, Hall's Creek Rd. I'.i. iv. 1902 (No. R. 411). "Irs and
feet yellow, bill blackish, base and under-mandible yellow. Found on most of the
rivers of this part of Australia, bnt not numerous."
14
( -'Kl )
6 <?(?, 1 ? (Sontli) Alligator River, June, August, September, November 1902,
1903 (Nos. lUl, I:.'ii4, I^!ii.-), ITTl to 1773).
1 6, 1 pulhis, near Mary Kiver, NorthtTii Territory, U, l(i. ix. 1902 (Nos.
701 », 702).
The Western form is smaller, above paler, the stripes on the nuderside always
much more rusty than in 3". '■. uoiiiiiccns, though the latter vary, being sometimes
lighter, sometimes darker.
00. Ninox boobook ocellata ( llombr. & Jaccj.)-
Alhriie iicelliila Hombr. & .Jacq., Vni/. Vule Slid, Ziml. iii. p. fil, pi. 3. fig. 2 (" Chili "— erroru !)
1 ¥, Soda Springs, Hall's Creek Road, 24. iv. 1'.mi-,> (No. R. 412). "Iris light
brown, feet white, bill bluish at base, blackish at tip."'
2 c?c?, 2 ?? (h^onth) Alligator River, April, May, June, August 1003
(Nos. 1200, 1207, 1208, 1512).
1 ?, Eureka, Northern Territory, 1.5. i. 1003 (No. R. 978).
These birds vary very much in colour, but are always distinguishable from
N. boohooh hoohook by their much lighter and more reddish colour. N. lurida de Vis
is most likely only an e.xtremely reddish example of ocellata. Judging from the
description, we have several like it. N. b. ocellata reaches to Northern Queensland,
while Southern and Middle Queensland still have S. b. boobook. I do not know
Salvadoii's iieninsularis from Cajie York.
07. Ninox rufa rufa (Gould).
AtUne riifu Gould, P.Z.S. 1846. p. 18 (Port Essington).
2 cJc?, 2 ? ?, South Alligator River, SO miles from the coast, August, October,
November 1902 (Nos. 697, 698, 099, 1511). " Iris yellow, legs yellow."
Gould's Xinox rufa, has evidently been erroneously united with .\'. strenua
in the Cat. B. ii., and, unfortun;itely, this error is repeated in the Ihtitd-LiM,
vol. i. I have before me a series of adult strenita and of equally adult ntja.
Xinox rufa rufa inhabits N.W. Australia. Specimens from the ('ape York
Peninsula and North Queensland seem to be smaller, and should probably be
separable subsj)ecifieally. I have, however, only seen two, and I hesitate to name
this form fmm such a small material. These ('ape York specimens have apparently
been identified with Xinox j-afu humeralis from New Guinea, but the latter is
darker and still smaller than the North Queensland examples, which agree iu
colour with Western rafa.
OS. Strix novaehollandiae Stejjh.
Hlr'tx iiunic luilhimlide Stephens, Gen. ZooL xiii. 'J., p. 01 (ex Lathaui, G'c/i. llisl. B. i. p. ;S58.
" Mouse Owl. ' " Inhabits New Holland ").
(??, South Alli.u'ator River, 8. x. 10U2, 29. vi. 1903 (Nos. 095, 120]).
"Iris black, feet brown." The female is heavily marked with spots and trian.i;iilar
marks of blackish brown along the sides, while the male has the underside white
with only a few small round brown s])ots.
( 211 ,
99. Strix flammea delicatula Gould.
Str/j: delimUila Gould, P.Z.S. 1830. p. 140 (Australia).
2 (JcJ, Lewis Island, N.W. Australia, 6. vii. 1901 (Nos. R. 17U, 171).
c? ¥, South Alligator River, 24. 26. vi. 1903 (Nos. 1202, 1203).
1 ? , near Gregory River, Northern Territory, 9. vii. 1902 (No. R. .'557). " Iris
blaclj, legs brown."
I'M I. Trichoglossus haematodus nibritorquis Vig. & Horsf.
Trkhuglosms rubrilorqiiis Vigors & Horsfield, Tnins. Linn. Sue. .\v. p. 291 (182G : Australia).
(Cf. Nov. Zool. 1901. p. 68.)
2 SS, 1 ?, Derby, March 1902 (Nos. 1737, 1738, 1739).
2 ? ?, South Alligator River, March 1903 (Nos. 1221, 1222).
1 J', 2 ? ?, Eureka, Northern Territory, January, February 1903 (Nos. 101.^,
1091, 1092). " Iris red, legs brownish, bill red."
Mr. Le Souiif sent us a specimen from the Katherine River in North Australia.
I'll. Trichoglossus versicolor Vigors.
Trkhoglossus versicolor Vigors, in Lear's III. Purr. pi. 36 (1832 : No locality).
(Cf. «»». B. 0. Club xW. p. 10, October 1903.)
2 c?c?, Mt. Anderson, W. Kimberley, 21. xi. 1901 (Nos. R. 296, 297).
1 cJ, 4 ¥ ? imm. on the road to the Alligator River, 30. ix. 1902 (Nos. 777
to 781).
1 <S, Nellie Creek, Northern Territory, 15. ii. 1903 (No. 1095).
o c?(?, 2 ? ?, South Alligator River, October 1902, March and April 1903
(Nos. 780, 1224 to 1229). " Ad.: Iris reddish (reddish brown), feet bluish (blue-
black). Juv. : Iris brown."
Mr. Robert Hall sent us specimens from Derby, W. Australia, and we have
others from Somerset, Cape York (Jardine coll.) and Cooktown (Olive coll.)
1112. Cacatua galeritus (Lath.).
Psiliaciis r/ulcriliis Latham. J ml. Oin. i. p. Ill',) (1790 ; N. S. Wales).
2 c?c?, South Alligator River, November 1902 (Nos. 774, 775).
2 cJ ?, Eehn River, E. Kimberley, W. Australia. 29. v. 1902 (Nos. 4s'J, 4',tii).
2d'?, Eureka, Northern Territory, 0. ii., 6. iii. 1903 (Nos. 1130, 1131).
" Iris red, legs black." " Found on most of the larger watercourses, but not
numerous."
1"3. Cacatua gymnopis Scl.
Cumtuii iji/niniijiix Sclater, P.Z.S. 1871. pp. 490, 493 (Locality unknown. As tLu typical locality wu
have to consider " Depot Creek, South Australia," Sturt coll.)
2c??, Flora Valley, May 1902 (Nos. 491, 492).
3 ? ?, Alligator River, 60 miles from the coast, 26. x. 1903 (Nos. 1732, 1733,
173.5).
( 212 )
1 J, 2 ? ?, Soutli Alligator Uiver, March ami October l'.Mj;5 (Nos. 1734, 174:2,
one without iinmber). " Iris browu, legs black."
1 cJ, 1 ?, Eureka, Northern Territory, 24, 25. ii. IWyi (Nos. 1128, 112;i).
li»4. Cacatua roseicapilla Vieill.
Camilla i-u-ieiaipillu Yieillot, yuui-. Uht. xvii. p. 12 (1«1T : " Je soup(,onne qu'il a tte trouve dans
les lodes ").
0 <? ?, Alligator River, November 19ii2, June, Augnst, October 1003 (Nos. 773,
1215 to 1217, 17311, 1731). "Iris hazel, orbits grey, bill yellowish, legs and feet
mealy grey" (T. Carter).
Iu5. Calyptorhynchns banksii macrorhynchus (Jould.
OiliJl'toihijiirhus maa-orl ijiirhiK Gould, P.Z.S. 184-2. p. 138 (Port Essington).
It seems, indeed, that the specimens from N. W. Australia have larger bills than
those from Queensland and N. 8. Wales, but the specimens from Rockingham Bay
belong to the latter, smaller-billed race, and not to miu-iorhijnrhm.
lU (J ?, Alligator River, November 11)02, June, July, August, October l'.,to3
(Nos. 772, 12il'J to 1213, 1514, 1728, 172'J). " Iris brown, legs black."
liKi. Calopsitta novaehollandiae (Gm.).
FeiUacus nnvaihnUumUiie Gmelin, Sijst. Sat. i. p. :!28 (1788 ; Australia).
(S ad. found dead at Derby 4. iii. I'.m-,'. " Feet and bill black." (No. 1740.)
lo7. Ptistes erythropterus coccineopterus Gould (?).
Ptistes coivhieojjienix Gould, Iliimlh. B. Aiisti: ii. p. 3'J (l«U.O : typical locality Port Essington).
It seems to me that northern and western specimens are smaller than eastern
ones, but the differences are very slight. None of onr western birds have the wings
longer than 190 mm., while eastern cues range to at least 201 mm. There is,
however, much variation. The differences in colour suggested by Mr. Le Sonef
{Ibis, ISO'-i, p. 300) do not exist (cf Ibis, 1!»00, p. 045).
cJ ?, Fitzroy River (Derby), 4. xii. lUOl (Nos. R. 298, 299).
? Soda Spring, Hall's Creek Road, 23. iv. 1902 (No. R. 479).
cJ, Margaret River, Hall's Creek Road, 19. iv. 1902 (No. R. 480).
2 cJc? ad., 1 S jnv. or ?, Hall's Creek Road (Derby), 17, 18. iv. 1902 (Nos.
R. 481,482,485).
2 ? ? , Behn River, East Kimberley, 29. v. 1902 (Nos. R. 483, 484).
3 <Jc^, Eureka, Northern Territory, January 1903 (Nos. 1019, 1020, 1021).
J ¥, South Alligator River, 0. iv. 1903 ; 9. x. 1903 (Nos. 1223, 173()).
lo8. Platycercus icterotis xanthogenys Salvad. (?)
PUilycerrm jv,Uh,Mjf„;/.s Salvadori, P.Z.S. 18'J1. p. 1211; ('.(/. Ii. Brit. Mus. x.x. pi. xvi. (Habitat
unknown I).
Count Salvador! described iiis /'. xitiilhoijniiia from a single old skin (Gould
collection) without locality. The adult males from Beaufort and Cranbrook have
f 213 )
tlie feathers (if tlie niiiicr liack broadly edged with red, and the tail-fentliors, nvoii
the central jiair on their outer welis, are bine or bluish. The}- would therelore seim
to belong to /'. xaiithix/fni/s, which ma}- be snbspocifically diil'erent from /'. irterntix.
Unfortunately, however, the habitat of the type oi xantlioc/enj/s is unknown, and so
is the distribution of the true ictcrotis, if that is really distinct. We have specimens
which must be true icterotis, but their locality is uncertain. The wings of the
adult (supposed) xantliofifw/s measure 140 to 143 mm. The rump is dull pale
green, not greyish.
More information about these yellow-cheeked parrakeets is sadly wanted, and
we hope that Mr. North or other Australian ornithologists will soon discuss them
fully — not from vague observations, but with the help of properly collected series
of skins from all parts of Australia where they occur.
IttO. Platycercus brownii (Temm.).
Psilhinifs BrovnJ'i Temrainck, Trans. Linn. Sur. xiii. p. 11!) (IH'21 : Arnhem Land).
2 c?(^, :! ? ?, ir,i» miles from Wyndham, Ord River, W. Australia, May 1002
(Nos. R. 474 to R. 478).
1 (J, Burnndie, Nortlieru Territory, 28. vii. 1002 (No. R. 558).
3 (Jc?, 1 ¥, South Alligator River, May, July and August 1003 (Nos. 1218
to 1220, 1561).
1 ¥, Alligator River, October Km3 (No. 1741).
2 Jcf, Eureka, Northern Territory, February 1003 (Nos. 1086, 1088).
4 (?c?, 1 ?, Nellie Creek, Northern Territory, February 1003 (Nos. 1084, 1085,
1087, 1080, KtOO).
The series of this rare Parrot is very interesting. Though these facts are not
all absolutely proved by moulting specimens, I can only come to the following
conclusions : —
The red-crowned examples, in wliieli all tiie feathers of the crown have wide
yellowish red or pure red margins, are immature. The specimens with the feathers
of the uiider-surface quite yellow, with only a very narrow ashy grey margin and
the utmost base pale grey, are more or less immature or females, which do not seem
to get the black-based breast-feathers of the adult males. Younger birds have the
feathers of tlie back jiale yellow with a large round black spot in the middle, while
adult birds have this spot so much extended that the feathers may be described
as black with a yellow border. Females are considerably smaller than males. The
young and females have often some red spots on the lower throat and in tlie middle
of tlie abdomen.
110. Barnardius zonarius occidentalis North.
l!,int<rriliiis wchhnUdiii North, /?«•. Auslr. .Mux. ii. p. 83 (IH'.i:! : N.W. Australia).
1 (J, Nullagine River, 111. iv. 1001 (No. R. 103). '"Iris brown, legs blackish."
Ji. zonaritiH occidentalis is a very distinct race of Ji. zonarius, replacing
B. zomrius zonarius in North-Western Australia. Mr. Tom Carter sent us
specimens of occidentalis from Point Cloates. " Iris dark luizel, bill bluish
horn, legs ami feet dark lead-grey " (Carter in litt.).
( 214 ■)
111. Psephotus dissimilis ? ?
Psephotns dhsimilh Collett, P.Z.S. 1898. p. 356 (Mary RiTer, Arnhem Land}.
(??. Nellie Creek, Northern Territory. 0. ii. 1003 (Xos. 1093, 1094). "Iris
brown, legs greyish. On granite hills, not nnmerons."
These two valuable specimens agree witli Prol'essor Collett's description,
except that the crown of the male is tlark brown, not at all chestnnt, and that
the verditer blue does not meet in a ring across the nape. The description of
the frmolfi agrees perfectly. It is not P. r/in/so///,'rnjji/ff/i/s Gonld, because it
jacks the 3TII0W band across the forehead.
11-'. Melopsittacus undulatus (Shaw).
Pi,7«((d/s iimhiliitiiM Shaw, Xnl. .^fi.^r. xvi. pi. OTo (1789— 181 :i).
? ad.. Soda Spring, Kimberley, 24. iv. 190-.'. " Iris white ; feet and bill
bluish " (No. R. 486).
113. Eurystomus orientalis australis.
? juv., Enreka, Northern Territory, 23. ii. 1903 (No. 1090).
?, Fitzroy River, Kimberley, 11. xi. 1901 (No. R. 280).
(?, Derby, 8. iv. 1902 (No. R. .513).
3 cJ(?, 2 ? ?, Sonth Alligator River, Septemlior, October and November 1902
(Nos. 1702 to 1706).
114. Alcyone azurea pulchra (Gould).
Alcijoiie jjiilchiYi Gould, P.Z.S. 184fi. p. Ul (Port Essington).
?, Mary River, Northern Territory, 12. ix. 1902 (No. 771).
?," The Brook," fifteen miles from Ord Station, 19. v. 1902 (No. R. 451).
" Iris brown, feet pink, bill black."
2 cJc?, South Alligator River, October, November 1902 (Nos. 768, 769). One
without label.
11.5. Dacelo leachii cervina Gould.
[Dacelo leachii Vigors & Horsfield, Trans. Lin/i. Soc. Loml xv. p. 20u (1827 : ex Latham MS.
"East coast o£ Australia").]
Dacelo cervina Gould, D. Australia, ii. pi. 20 (1844: "Northern and Xorth-western portions
of Australia ").
This form of D. leacliii, though easily recognisable if a series is compared,
cannot always be separated if single specimens are picked oat. The distribution
is by no means clear! It can only be a geographical rejircsentative (= subspecies),
and probably replaces ]). I. Irachii in the more western jiortions of North Australia
and in West Australia. Examples from the Gulf of Carpentaria and Cape York
seem to be sometimes intermediate.
Mr. Tunney collected the following specimens : —
? , Condon Road, 15. v. 1901 (No. R. 2).
S, Ord River, W. Australia, 17. vi. 1902 (No. R. 560).
(?, Soda Springs, Hall's Creek Road, 23. iv. 1902 (No. R. 453).
(J, 240 miles post, Hall's Creek Road, 22. iv. 19o2 (Xo. R. 4.52).
( 2M )
2 (?c?, 2 ? ?, Brock's Creel, Nortli.-rii Tovritory, An,c:nst, 1902 (Nos. R. 304,
TifiS, r)(5r>, SOT). " Iris c? ? wliire, fwf dull yellowsli. Upper mandible dark
brown, lower light."
?, Nnllagine, N.W. Anstralia, 23. iv. 1901 (No. R. 104).
?, Sonth Alligator River, 21. x. 1!)02 (No. 761).
All these are typical rcreina !
110. Halcyon pyrrhopygia Gould.
/liilii/iiii pi/iTlifijnjfiki Gould, P.Z.S. 1840. p. ll.'i ("Interior of New South Wales").
S ? ad.. Brock's Creek, Northern Territory, 2, 3. viii. 1902 (Nos. R. 574, 575).
c? juv.. Eureka, Northern Territory, 20. ii. 1903 (No. 109.S).
The adult ? differs from the <? in being much duller above, not so blue,
the crowu of a brownish grey instead of ashy blue, with the white edges to
the feathers more apparent. The young ma/c is above as bluish as the adult malf,
but the lesser and median wing-coverts have brownish-buff tips ; the greater series
has white tips ; the feathers of the chest have blackish fringes. " Iris brown, feet
blackish."
117. Halcyon sancta Vig. & Horsf.
Ihiln/mi saneta Vigors & Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lnml. xv. p. 2011 (IS'2li : Australia').
tJ, Derby, 7. xii. lOOl (No. R. 284).
1 (?, 2 ??, Eureka, Northern Territory, January and Februarv 1903 (Nos.
R. 979, 1097, 1099).
¥, Alligator River, 27. x. 1903 (No. 1598).
118. Halcyon macleayii Jard. & Selby.
ITnlnyon mnclewjii Jardine & Selby, III. Oni. pi. 101 (18l'y-3il : no locality stated !).
2 (?(?, 1 ?, Margaret River, August 1902 (Nos. R. 571, 572, 573).
1 c?, 2 ? ?, Brock's Creek, Northern Territory, July and August 1902 (Nos.
R. 508, 569, 570).
c? ? , East of Mary River, Northern Territory, September 1902 (Nos. 762, 767).
?, Koolwonga, Northern Territor}', 7. ix. 1902 (No. 765).
'3 SS, 2 ? ?, Sonth Alligator River, October 1902— March 1903 (Nos. 763,
764, 766, 1239, 1240).
S, Alligator River, is. v. 1903 (No. 1238).
119. Merops ornatus Lath.
.Urru/is oniiihis Latham, Jiid. Dm. Siijijil. p. xxxv. (ISll : Australia).
?, Brock's Creek, Northern Territory, 4. viii. 1902 (No. R. 502).
(J, South Alligator River, 10. iii. 1903 (No. 1237).
120. Podargus phalaenoides Gould.
Piiihrfina phnlaeunhleii Gould, P.Z.S. 18:!9. p. 142 ("The North-west coast of Australia ').
i, Shaw River, N.W. Australia, 28. viii. 1901 (No. R. 220).
S, Derby, 10. iii. 1902 (No. 1660).
d ?, South Alligator River, August 1993 CNo. 1537, 1538).
( ^If' )
I do not at all consider the (|nestion of the varion'; Australian forms of Pfl/frtr<fiis
qnite satisfactorily settled, but it seems to me that the l'iii/<ir(/>/s striijoidt's, which
inhabits the greater part of Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia
and Tasmania (from where I have no examples before me), is represented in Western
and NortluTU Australia, eastwards to North Queensland, by a srenerally smaller and
lighter, more delicately marked subspecies, P. phalaciioide» of Gould, though some-
times individuals cannot easily be distinguished, and some are quite intermediate.
Australian ornithologists should begin to investigate this question thoroughly!
Gould himself apjiealed to field-ornithologists to investigate whether the differences
in colour were due to the sex of tlie specimens. I, in 181»"2, said, " It must be
left to Australian field-ornithologists to study these forms carefully," and I must
repeat this once more. I believe, however, that if good series are collected by
competent ornithologists, it will be found that the following forms occur in
Australia :
Podaiqua papuensis : a New Guinea species, only extending to the Cape York
Peninsula, rarely farther south.
Fodniyiis occllatus minnoratKS : a subspecies of the Papuan P. o. ocellatus,
found in Northern (and Eastern) Australia.
I'odargiis strigoides strigo/des : roughly speaking, the Eastern portion of
Australia. There is every possible intergradation between the various aberrations,
only jj/ialaeno/dfs being more or less separated and having another distribution.
Podargus strigoidi's phalaenoidcs : a Western and Northern form of g/r/gonh's,
Here is an interesting piece of work for our Australian friends. Opinions
cannot settle such questions. Such remarks as, " I am not yet prepared to admit
that . . ." do not bring ns any further. Hie Phodus, hie salta !
121. Aegotheles novaehoUandiae (? leucogaster).
[Aegotheles leucogaslrr Gould, P.Z.S. 1844. p. lOG (Port Essington).]
When I wrote the catalogue of the Podargidae in the British Museum {Cat. B.
xvi., 1892) I could not make out that two subsjjecies could be distinguished in
Australia, but the material available was absolutely inadequate. I am now of
opinion, from what 1 have recently seen, that it is after all possible that two
forms, a more southern and eastern, which I should call the true notachollandiae,
and a more northern and western one, which would be li'iicognstcr of Gould, can
be distinguished.
Recently Mr. Robert Hall has described as new a form from the Fitzroy
River, first naming it Ae. rx/cscens ; afterwards, having found out that the name
rufescens was already used for another species, renaming it Ar. riifa {Victorian
yaturalist, xviii. pp. (iO, 89. 1902). Locality and descrijition suggest a priori that
Mr. Hall's supposed new form (if different from Ae. iiocaehoUaitdiae noeaeliollandiae)
is Gould's leucogaster. The series now before me — i.e. the sj)ecimens collected by
Mr. Tunucy, some from Point C'luutes collected by Mr. Tom Carter, and some from
Northern Queensland — show beyond doubt that the rufous-cinnamon examples are
not specifically different from the grey ones, for we have all intermediates between
both forms from the same districts. Tlius Mr. Hall created two new synonyms at
once. The question only remains whether there are two subsjiecies ; and I believe
that one should distinguish the north-western ones as leacoga.-<ter, because they are
mostly lighter and larger, and cinnamon examples are more fn'quently found among
f i;i7 )
them. There is, however, no adequate series from S.E. Australia in England,
and 1 must therefore again appeal to Anstralian ornithologists to settle tlie
question. If they send me a good series from New South Wales, etc., I shall be
glad to give my opiuion. Mr. Hall has evidently most insufficiently stndied the
individual variation of the species, for several of his characters (as, for example,
the number of bars on the tail !) are the most variable ones. A bird from
Gracefield, Cranbiook (S. W. Australia) is a typical nocaelioUnnilinr.
Mr. Tunney sent the following specimens : —
?, Hall's Creek Road, E. Kimberley, 25. iv. 19i)2 (No. 4o4).
c?, ? ?, 150 miles from Wyndham, Ord Station Road, 23, 20. v. 1902 (Nos.
455, 45G). One of these specimens is almost entirely white underneath.
3, Ord River, 16. vi. 1902 (No. R. 160j.
?, Avergne Station, Northern Territory, 20. vi. 1902 (No. R. 560).
2 S6, 3 ? ?, South Alligator River, 22. x. 1902, 31. iii. 1903, and May 19ii3
(Nos. 811, 1232 to 1236).
" Iris brown, legs creamy or brownish cream, claws dark brown or black. Bill
fleshy at base, dark brown at tip."
Mr. Tunney says : " Found in hollow trees during the day. Can be procured
by striking tree with stone, when it flies out and is easily shot. Food found in
stomachs consisted chiefly of red ants. Not nniiierons."
The sexes do not seem to ditfer conspicuously.
122. Eurostopodus argus Hart.
Eurostopiis ai-gits Hartert (ex Rosenberg, nomen nudum), Cat. B. Brit. Mux, xvi. p. G08 (Au.strnlia
and Aru Islands).
S, Newly River, Northern Territory, 23. vi. 1902 (No. R. 559).
S, Sonth Alligator River, 12. vi. 1903 (No. 1231).
?, 20 miles west of Alligator River, 8. viii. 1903 (No. 1230).
The S No. 1231 is strongly cinnamon-rufous on parts of the head, back,
scapulars and wing-coverts. Evidently these reddish featliers are due to youth,
being replaced in moult by the feathers of the well-known jilumage of the adult.
123. Capriinulgus macrurus Horsf.
?, Alligator River, 5. x. 1903 (No. 1613).
124. Cuculus variegatus Vieill.
C'lKidus riiripgriliix Vieillot, Xciir. Did. d'Uist. Nat. viii. (1817. — " II se trouve dans lAustralasie.'
We leainfiom Pucheran [Rrc. d: May. de Zu'il. IHoii, pp. 555, 556) that the types were brought
home by Maugi', from the voyage to the Southern Lands ('■ terres australes ") under Peron et
Lesueur, and that they are, like the majority of the specimens, presented by Mange as
coming from Timor. Most likely there is an error in the locality, and the types came from
Australia).
1 believe we can use Vieillot's name varieyatit.s (though I admit that the
description is not at all convincing), if we accept Fucheran's statements, I.e.
How, on the other hand, Latham's name Cohtmha pallida came to be accepted
for this cuckoo, is iiicoinprehensible. It would seem that Messrs. Ciibanis k Heine
r 2i'5 ^
{Mii». ITcin. iv. p. 20) have first been !;nilty of it. Tlirir quotation, and also
the one in the ](>;/. B. six. p. 2fil, most likely copied witliont veritieation, is
wrong, because the name Columba jiallitia is first given in the fml. Orn. Sxppl.
p. Ix (ISt)l) and not in the Si/n. SiippL ii. \\ 27i>, where it is only called the
" Pale Pigeon." There is hardly anything in Latham's description that refers to
the cnckoo in qnestion ; but what disagrees most is the description of the tail,
which is said to be " very pale or whitish " with " the two middle tail-feathers
dusky," and that of the wings.
Mr. Tnuney sent two youun; spec-imens : —
6, 111. iii. 1902, Derby (No. 164()).
?, 27. iii. 1003, South Alligator River (No. 1241).
125. Cacomantis variolosus (Horsf.).
Cmidm ritrlolnsiix Horsfield, Tnins. Linn. Snr. Lmnl. xv. p. MOO (182G : Australia).
c? ad., ciinght in jungle at Kaparegoo on the South Alligator River, 0. x. lOO,*?
(No. 1644).
S ad., shot in the river bed. Alligator River, 19. x. 1903 (No. 1647).
1 juv., Nigri River, East Kimberley, 22. v. 10(12 (No. R. 488).
" Iris light brown, feet dull yellow, bill black above, dull yellow below."'
126. Misocalius palliolatus (Lath.).
Ciieiilm palVmhUux Liitham, Iml. Oni. Snp/il. ii. p. xxx (1801 : Australia).
(?;ad., Margaret River, Northern Territory, 14. viii. 19(12 (No. R. 653).
?'ad., Nigri River, East Kimberley, 22. v. 1902 (No. R. 4.s7).
'\Iris dark brown, feet and bill blackish."'
(J, Alligator River, 3(i. ix. 10(13 (No. 1604).
127.;^Chrysococcyx basalis (Horsf).
CiKiilus busiilk Horsfield, rniiis. Linn. Sor. Lyml. xiii. p. IT'.l (1821 : Australia).
?, Nollagine Road, 13. iv. 1901 (No. R. 131).
(? ad., Wynne, Derby, November 1901 (No. R. 29.5).
128. Eudynamis lorientalis cyanocephalus (Lath.).
Cucidus cyauocejihih's Latham, /n,l. On,. Snppt. ii. p. .SO (isol : Australia); cf. Nor. Zoo!. 1003,
pp. 235-8.
1 c?, Weeda Creek, W. Kimberley, 24. xi. 19(il (No. R. 278).
1 ?, Derby, 15. iii. 1002 (No. 1645).
c? ? , South Alligator River, 25, 26. xi. 1902 (Nos. 7.54, 814).
7 (JcJ ad., 4 ? ¥ ad., 1 t? juv.. Eureka, .January and February 1903 (Nos. 10ii6
to 1010, 1013 to 1015, 1057,51058, 1122,tH23).
There is much variation in the colour of the adult /««/(-.<, these being sometimes
more greenish, sometimes quite blue.
i ■J\9 )
1211. Scythrops novaehoUandiae Lath.
Scylhropx noraehollawliae Latham, IniJ. Ont. i. p. 141 (1790).
<? ad., Fitzroy l>iver, Derby, 1. xii. 10(11 (No. R. aiiii). Mr. Tnnney says
" Only found flni'ing rainy season."
130. Centropus phasianus (Lath.).
CiiculiiK plici.iiiinus Latham, Intl. Oni. ii. Snjipl. p. 150 (1801).
1 "?," NiTllagine River, 17. iv. 1001 (No. R. 102).
1 "?," Shaw River, N.W. Anstralia, 27. viii. 1001 (No. R. 223).
1 "<?," 150 miles from ^Vynclham, 25. v. 1902 (No. R. 493).
1 "?," McKinley River, Northern Territory, 26. ix. 1903 (No. 795).
4 "? ?," 1 iinsexed, Sonth Alligator River, October 1902 (Nos. 796 to 800).
5 c? ? immat.. Brock's Creek, Northern Territory, Jnly and Augnst I0(I2
(Nos. R. 576 to R. 580).
1 c? ad., ] ? ad., 1 immat., Enreka, Northern Territory, Febrnavy 1903 (Nos.
1124 to 1126). "Iris red, legs bhiish."
131. Pitta iris Gould.
Pnta his Gould, P.Z.S. 1842. p. 17 (Coburg Peninsula).
7 (? ad., 4 ? 9, (Sonth) Alligator River, 30. September, 5 to 28. October 1003
(Nos. 717 to 727).
" Iris and legs brown, bill black. Canght in the jnngle ; more plentiful in
the jungles near the coast, scarcer up the river."
132. Microeca flavigaster Gould.
Micrnecu //(crirjaster Gould, P.Z.S. 1842. p. 132 (Port Essington).
2 c?c?, South Alligator River, 15. x., 13. xi. 1902 (Nos. 741, 745).
?, Alligator River, 29. ix. 1903 (No. 1584).
133. Microeca fascinans assimilis Gould.
.l/;tTo«o assimilis Gould, P.Z.S. 1840. p. 172 (Gulf of Carpentaria).
Micrwca pallida De Vis, Proc. Hoy. Snc. Qneenslaiul, i. p. 159 (1884 : Norman River, Kimberley
district).
I do not understand why North accepts the name pallicia for this form, or
wliy Campbell recognises both ax.vmilis and pallida, both names evidently
applying to the smaller and paler subspecies oi fascinans.
?, Derby, 8. iii. 1902 (No. 1609). Tail and body-plnmage in moult.
?, Soda Springs, Kimberley, 24. iv. 1002 (No. R. 422). "Iris brown, bill
and feet blackish." The base of the under mandible is pale. The tail and wings
are beautiful, just being through the moult. - The uppersiile is in monlt, some
of the feathers still showing the wliite tips which we tind in the young bird.
? ad., The Brook, 15 miles from Ord Station, 19. v.. 1002 (No. R. 423).
( 220 )
(? jnv., Eureka, !i. i. 1903 (No. lu-.V^). TIip feathers of tlu' uppcrside have
white triiiiigiilur tips, tliose of the chest round dark brown i)atches at the ti]).
6 ?, Soiitli xMh'gator River and 20 niik's oif Soutli Alligator River, :Vi. iii. and
30. iv. lOiKj (Nos. 1280, 1281).
134. Melanodryas bicolor picata Gould.
Mehnindri/os /licdlii Gould, llaiiilh. B. Auntrnliti i. p. 285 (N.W. Australia).
Mr. A. J. North, in his recent work " Nests and Eggs of Birds " of Australia,
Part III. p. 171, comes to the coucinsiou that .1/. Iiicolor and picata should not
be separated. This conclusion is erroneons. If wo eoiujiare a series of north-
western examples with a series of south-eastern specimens we iind : 1. That the
former are smaller, wings averaging 5 to 8 mm. shorter. 2. That generally
the former liave more white in the tail. I have not one si)ecimen in which the
black on the iimer web of the outermost rectrix reaches as far as the base of
the tail, while I have seen a number of M. bicolor bicolor that have this peculiarity.
The amount of white in the tail varies considerably, but it is obvious that, as a
rule, there is more in picata. 3. That the white on the underside is purer, more
snowy. 4. That ihe females are a little lighter on the njiperside. Intermediate
examples occur in South-western Australia, and probably elsewhere, where the
areas of the two forms meet, but specimens from the centres of distribution are
easily distinguishable, and therefore we must sejiarate the two forms as subspecies,
triuomially. There is no other scientific proceeding. If we distinguish the various
forms now existing in nature, we must distinguish all : it is purely arbitrary, and
therefore not scientific, if we separate those which ajjpear to us easily separable
and " lump " those that are distinguished by " slight " differences only ; or if we brush
away the fact that two forms are difi'ereiit, because we find in the intermediate
areas certain intermediate individuals.
Mr. Tunney sent the following specimens of M. h. picata : —
1 S without label from Alligator River.
1 $ ad. 1 ? juv., Nullagitie Road, 3U. iv. 19ol (Nos. R. llii, 111).
1 i ad., Soda Sjirings, Kimberley, 24. iv. ]iMi2 (No. 11. 410).
1 ? ad., 12 miles from Victoria Station, Northern Territory, 4. vii. 1902
(No. E. 600).
1 c?, 1 ? jnv.. Eureka, Northern Territory, 24. i., 7. ii. 1903 (Nos. 99(i, 1114).
S cJJ, 1 ?, South Alligator River, Jiarch, April, May 1903 (Nos. 1241 to 124(1).
" Iris, bill and feet black."
13.3. Smicrornis flavescens (iould.
Smicrnnusflarescfns Gould, P.Z.8. 1842. p. i;j4 (Port Essington).
?, Crawford's Springs, Northern Territory, 4. vii. I'."i2 (No. R. ;jSG). "Iris
white, bill and feet brown."
rf?. Eureka. 9, 13. i. ]9o3 (Nos. 10II2, 1003). "Mostly found in hilly
country."
130. Gerygone culicivorus (Gould).
Pnliipiix culifiroriix Gould, P./C.S. 184U. p. 17G {" Western Australia '')•
? ad., Derby, 2. iii. 1901 (No. 1611). "Shot in mangroves."
?, Derby, 8. i. 1902 (No. B. 371). "Caught in mangroves near seashore."
Mr. Hall sent us two specimens from the Fitzmy I{iver, Derby.
( ^21 )
137. Gerygone albigalaris cinerascens Shariic.
GerygurK diicrascens .Sharpe, Junrn. Liiui. Soc. Loiiil. xiii. p. 4'.I4 (S.K. New (iuiuuii, probably Port
Moresby).
Dr. Sliarpe described (i. dmrascens from a specimen collected by Mr. 0. ('.
Stoue iu S.E. New Gniuea, and afterwards {Cat. B. Brit. Miis. iv. ]). 213) identified
with it a very bad skin from the Victoria liiver, N.VV. Australia.
Mr. Tnuney sent a male from Brock's Creek, Northern Territory, shi)t
5. viii. 1902 (No. R. 643). "Iris reddish brown, bill and feet black." This
.specimen is probably immature, as the throat is not quite white, bnt mixed with
yellow feathers. Mr. Robert Hall sent us a male and an unsexed specimen
from Derby, obtained in August 19(t0, and we have also a male collected by Cajitain
Bowyer Bower in N.W. Australia. These birds are all identical with" Sharpe's
(■iiicra.scens. They differ from G. albigalaris albiyularis in being considerably
smaller (wing 57 to 58 against 62 to 64 in albigularis), and in the paler, less
brownish u])per surface. There is a very distinct greenish olive tinge on the ni)[)er
surface in the freshly monlted, but in the worn plumage this disappears more or
less, though even in the type it is traceable.
13s. Poecilodryas cerviniventris (Gould).
Peimica ? cercinii-ailria Gould, P.Z.S. 18o7. p. 221 (X.W. Australia).
S, The Brook, 15 miles from Ord Station, W. Australia, I'.i. v. 19i»2 (No
R. 420).
c?, Negri River, E. Kimberley, 22. v. 1902 (No. R. 421).
?, Carlton Reach, E. Kimberley, 18. vi. 1902 (No. R. 640).
c? ?, Margaret River, Northern Territory, 13, 14. viii. 1902 (Nos. R. 041, 642).
3 c?<J, 2 ? ?, Alligator River, September, October 1903 (Nos. 1619, 1620,
1G23, 1624, 1625). " Iris dark brown, bill and feet black. Found in watercourses
and iu river-beds.
130. Rhipidura tricolor motacilloides Vig. & Horsf.
[Muscrnqjit. trmjhii- Vieillot, Nuur. Di,l. iVllhl. Xal. .xxi. p. 4'.l0 (" Timor "—errore. I have
accepted Amboina as the original locality).]
Rhiphlura mulw:ill<ildes Vigors & Horsfield, Tmiis. Linn. Sw: Loud. xv. p. 24.S (Australia).
I have examined a good series of Australian skins, and find that they all differ
at a glance— one can even feel the difference in the dark, as for example on a foggy
November day in London — in having very much smaller bills, and also a little
smaller size generally. It is strange that this striking ditference has not
been more emphasised. On the other hand, I cannot find any constant differences
to separate a supposed western smaller race in Australia (p/cata). 1 must there-
fore unite all Australian birds under the name /{/n'/j/i/nra tricolor motacilloides.
? ad.. Flora Valley, E. Kimberley, \V. Australia, 9. v. 1902 (No. R. 417).
"Iris brown, bill and feet black."
? ad.. Soda Springs, Kimberley, 24. iv. 1902 (No. H. 41s).
c?, Eureka, Northern Territory, 3. ii. 1903 (No. 1118).
?, South Alligator River, 1. iv. 1903 (No. 1249).
J, 20 miles west of South Alligator River, :!o. iv. I'.i03 (No. 124.S).
¥, Alligator River, 9. ix. 1903 (No. 159.5).
( 222 )
1411. Rhipidui'a pi'eissi Cab.
Jihipidum prci-'si Cabanis, .1/h>-. He'ui. i. p. 57 (W. Australia J.
" cJ," Derby, 4. iii. 1002 (No. 1.J94).
" ?," Derby, 20. xii. lODl (No. K. aTu).
I am mucli puiizled about these birds. Tliey are similar to specimens received
from Blessrs. Robert Hall aud Tom Carter from Western Australia as A', jjre/sui,
and difl'er from li/t. albiscajia in having uo black bnt only a grey patch on the
lower throat, thus also agreeing with the description of JL preisxi. From the same
district (Derby J, however, we have also received specimens with the black throat-
patch, which shows that preissi aud albi.scapa do not represeut each other
geographically. Or does /.'. preissi ever get a black throat-patch ? If so, how
do these specimens dift'er from nUmcapa ? I find ulbiscapa so far not mentioned
as occurring in A\'estern Australia.
141. Rhipidui-a rufifrons di7as Gould.
Rhipidura dri/as Gould, B. Australia i. Introd. p. xxxix (Port Essington).
c? ad. (wings moulting). South Alligator River, 9. vi. 1903 (No. 1287).
" cJ," Margaret Kiver, Northern Territory, 13. viii. 1902 (No. E. 062).
142. Rhipidura setosa isura (Jould.
Rhipidura isiim Gould, P.Z.S. 1840. p. 174 (" North-west coast of Australia ").
(Cf. Nov. Zov!. 1898, pp. 525, 52C).
2 SS, Brock's Creek, Northern Territory, August 19ii2 (Nos. R. 651, 655).
2 cJcJ, 1 ?, South Alligator River, October aud November 1902, 4. iv. 19iKi
(Nos. 751, 752, 1274).
143. Myiagra rubecula concinna Gould. (?)
Myiayra i-oiiciniut Gould, IS. .Instml. ii. pi. 00 (N.W. Australia).
It seems that male specimens from N.W. Australia, as well as those from
Cape York, have always a blackish loral line, while this is not pronounced iu those
from Queensland, N. S. Wales, Victoria, nor in those from tlie Louisiades. But
this form is not easily, and perhaps not always, distinguishable; moreover the
females appear to be ipiite alike.
6 ad., Cullen Hiver, Northern Territory, 24. vii. 1902 (No. R. 647).
(? ad., Brock's Creek, Northern Territory, 31. vii. 1902 (No. R. 648).
? ad., Margaret River, Northern Territory, 16. viii. 1902 (No. R. 656).
S ad., Mary River, Northern Territory, 14. i.\. 19U2 (No. 748).
2 (Jc? ad., 1 ? ad.. South Alligator River, October 19o2, June and August
1903 (Nos. 749, 125(t, 1565).
(? atl.. Alligator River, 60 miles from coast, 28. x. 1903 (No. 1602).
( 22;; )
144. Monarcha chalybeocephalus nitidus (Gould).
Pii'zorhi/iwIiKs nitidus Goald, P. Z.S. 1840. p. 171 (" Xorth-west coast of Australia").
?, (Joolabing Station, Elvira River, E. Kimberley, 14. v. 19ua (No. R. 419).
cf, Bnnindie, Northern Territory, 2S. vii. 1U02 (No. R. 047),
" Bill dull blue, tip black."
1 c?, 2 S ?, Margaret River, Northern Territory, 14. viii. 1902 (Nos. R. 63ei,
<i39, 040).
(?, East of Mary River, NortUern Territory, 10. ix. 1902 (No. 747).
;5 (Sd, (South) Alligator River, 5. vii., ;i(i. i.K., 12. x. 1903 (Nos. 161.5, 1010,
1251).
145. Seisura nana Gould.
Seistira iia/m Oould, .l/i«, .V. JJint. (4) vi, p. 224 (N. Australia).
6 ad.. South Alligator River, 17. xi. 1902 (No. 7-50).
140. Malnrus dorsalis (Lewiu).
Sylriii (hii'salix Lewin, B. Xew Hulliunl, pi. 14.
3 ? ?, Derby, March 19ii:,' (Nos. 15s5, 1591, 1012).
3 S ad., 2 ¥ juv., Meda Station, Derby, January and February 1902 (Nos.
394 to 397, 399).
6 ¥ , Brock's Creek, 4, 0. viii. 1902 (Nos. R. 657, 660).
S, Mt. Anderson, 31. x. 1901 (No. R. 2Sl).
3 6S, 4 ¥ ¥, Eureka, .January, February 1903 (Nos. 984, 985, 986, IHH, 1102,
11U3, 1104).
2 ¥ ¥, 20 miles west of South Alligator River, 30. iv., 1. v. 1903 (Nos. 1275,
1270).
147. Malurus leucopterus Quoy & Gaimard.
Malurm leucopterus Quoy & Gaimard, Yuij. aiUour da Muiule Zool. p. 108, pi. 23. fig. 2 (1824 : " sur
I'ile Dirk-Hatichs'').
c^ ad., Poondand, N.W. Australia, 12. ix. 1901 (No. R. 210J.
i ad., <? juv.. Marble Bar, N.W. Australia (Nos. R. 140, 147j.
" i juv.," Derby, 8. iii. 1902 (No. 1610).
" S juv.," East of South Alligator River, 5. viii. 1903 (No. wanting).
¥, Nullagine, 14. iv. 1901 (No. R. 14S).
" (? immat." Meda Station, Derby, 27. ii. 1902 (No. 398).
148. Malurus pulcherrimus Gould.
Muliiriis pidclierri iiius Gould, V.Z.ti. 1844. p. 100 ("Western Australia").
0 Si, 4 ¥ ¥, shot in the granite ranges ten miles east of South Alligator
River, July and August 1903 (Nos. 12s2 to 1280, 12f>S, 1289, 1292, l.")03, 1504).
1 suppose these are all M. /Hdclii'irimus, though 1 cannot call the throat
and chest deep blue, but consider it, like Dr. Sharpe, to be black. The males
( -^-^"1 )
differ at a glance from their allies M. e/er/u/is, lamherti and amabilis by having
a diff"crcut blue on the buck and sides of the bead. They differ from those of
M. assimilix in having the forehead, ear-coverts and feathers round the eye lighter
and more greenish blue. The females, however, are mneh more distinct : they
are above dull bluish grey or greyish blue, the tail is blue, bill brownish red,
lores creamy white. I may mention that also the females of M. amahilis are
widely different from those of M. lamk-rti, but we have still to expect a full
explanation of all the Malnri up to date. I am not sufficiently acquainted with
them 111 decide how many are species and how many subspecies.
1411. Graucalus melanops (Lath.).
Corrus meliinops Latham, Jiid. Or/i. Sujijil. p. xxiv (1801 : Australia).
it d ad.. South Alligator River, 7, 3i). iv. 1903 (Nos. 1321, 1322).
1 c? ad., 2 6 juv., 1 ?, Nullagine, N.W. Australia, 15, KJ, 3ii. iv. 1901
(Nos. K. 9t<, 99, loo, 101).
These specimens from near Nullagine are above much paler thau the two
from the South Alligator River, and than all other sjiecimens from Australia I have
seen— being, in fact, whitish grey above. The one S is apparently as fully adult
as those from the .South Alligator, and they are shot in the same month. Australian
collectors must collect series and inform us, whether these light birds are individual
aberrations or a different race ?
150. Graucalus papuensis hypoleucus (ionld.
Grauathis hi/jmleucus Gould, I'.Z.S. 1848. p. o8 (Port Essingtou).
(Cf. Nm. Zoul. i;i03, p. 20.5.)
S, Cockatoo Springs, E. Kimberley, 3. vi. 1902 (No. R. 413).
¥, Cullen River, Northern Territory, 24. vii. 1902 (No. R. 599).
2 cJ<?, Margaret River, Northern Territory, 13, 14. viii. 1902 (Nos. 598, 600).
2 cJc?, 2 ? ¥, Brock's Creek, Northern Territory, August 1902 (Nos. 595, 596,
597, 601).
2 S6, Eureka, Northern Territory, 12. i., 5. ii. 1903 (Nos. lol7, 106u).
3 6S,'i ? ?, South Alligator River, October and November, 1902, April 1903
(Nos. 72», 729, 730, 131s, 1319, 1320).
151. Lalage karu leucomela (Vig. & Horsf.).
Cuiiijnjiliaijii lriii-iiijii:la, Vigors & Horsfield, Trans. Linn, Soc. .xv. p. 215 (1826 : Broad Souud,
Queonslaud).
2 " rfc?," (.South) Alligator River, 30. ix., 7. x. 1903 (Nos. 1597, Kil.s). These
two sjiecimens have bars on the chrst and sides, leaving only the middle of the
abdomen, which is buff', unbarred.
I have no doubt that the Australian form is different from L. It. karu and
must be called L. karu leucomela. The bases of the rump leathers are much
purer white in L. It. karu and the allied races from the islands (cf Soc. Zool. 1903,
p. 210). The question is, whether the adult 6 of leucomela is always unbarred
below or not ? If it has no bars, tiieu the above-mentioned two specimens arc
( 225 )
not fully ailult, but. they do not show this otherwise. Mr. North, in his work
'' jS'cs/ii and lu/qs of Birds, I'tr" pt. 2, \\. IKi, does not describe the young and
immature stages.
152. Lalage tricolor (Swains.).
Ceblepyiis tricolor Swainson, Zool. Joiirn. i. p. 4B7 (1825).
(S juv., (loudon Uoad, 15. v. lOOl (No. R. 3).
2 S juv., 2 ? juv., Brock's Creek, Northern Territory, August 10ti2 (Nos.
K. 644, 64.5, 652, 654).
1 S ,iuv., 1 ? juv.. South Alligator Kiver, June 19i)3 (Nos. 1264, 1265).
153. Pomatorhinus rubeculus Gould.
Poiiiaturhiuus ruhcriilHa Gould, P. Z. S. lS:3;i. p. 144 (" North-west coast of Australia ").
1 ?, C'ooDgau River, N.W. Australia, 5. iv. lOOl (No. R. 119).
2 c?c?, 3 ? ?, Nullagine Road, April, May 1001 (Nos. R. 118, 120, 121, 122,
123).
1 c?. Eureka, 2U. ii. 19U3 (No. 1074).
2 (JcT, 1 ?, 1 <i juv., South Alligator River, April and .Tune 1903 (Nos. 1326,
1327, 1334, 1341).
154. Cinclorhamphus cruralis (Vig. & Horsf.).
Metjalurus cruralis Vigors & Horsf., Tram. Linn. .S'rw. London, xv. p. 228 (1826 : Australia).
6, Hall Creek Road, 28. iv, 19U2 (No. R. 462). " Iris, feet and bill brown."
155. Cinclorhamphus rufescens (Vig. & Horst.)
Anthus riifescenn Vig. & Horsf. Trans. Linn. Sue. xv. p. 230 (182(3: Australia).
?, Behn River, East Kimberley, 28. v. 1962 (No. R. 458).
(?, Nullagine Road, 3. v. 19(Jl (No. R. 109).
c?, Glencoe Station, Northern Territory, 6. i.\. 19(I2 (No. 739).
<?, Argyle Station, East Kimberley, 31. v. 1902 (No. R. 461).
? , Ord River, 1.50 miles from Windham, W. Australia, 23. v. 1902 (No. R. 460).
" Iris brown (light brown), feet fleshy brown (dull whitish brown), bill dark)
brown."
156. Amytornis housei (Milligan).
Amijtis liijHsei Milligan, Rf/i. Kimhrrlcij ICrpl. Exj/., App. H. (1902 : Kimberley).
16 specimens from 10 miles east of South Alligator River, July and .\ngust
1903 (Nos. 1303, 1305, 1306, 1307, 1549 to 1560). " Iris brown, legs brown."
Of these 15 birds 7 are marked as males, which have all lighter, more
cinnamon-chestnut abdomina, 7 as females, which all have the abdomen darker,
of a deep chestnut, while one with a light abilonien is marked " female " and
one with a dark cliestnut abdomen " male." I have therefore no hesitation in
assuming that tliese last two birds are erroneously sexed, and that the male has
a lighter, more cinnamon, the female a darker, chestnut abdomen.
15
( 226 )
" 5," ]int alxlomrn pale and tlierciore a male, shot in the granite ranges
near the head of tlie South Alligator Kiver, 2(i. v. 11)1)3 (No. 1304). " Uuns very
fast and hides under rocks."
Although I have not been able to coiu])are tlie type specimen, 1 believe this fine
bird to be ,1. housri. The head, neck, and n]iperback are black, each featiier with a
shaft-line in the shape of a row of successive sagittate white markings, middle of back
and rump chestnut with buff shaft-lines, upper tail-coverts blackish brown, with buff
shaft lines and chestnut edges. Kemiges brownish black with narrow dark brown
outer edges, tail brownish black. Throat and foreneck white, sides of same black
with broad white sliaft-stripes. Abdomen in tlie inah' cinnamon-rufous, in the
female deep chestnut, under tail-coverts blackisli with bulf shaft-stripes and bnif
or chestnut edges. Wing (sexes eifually large) T4 to 77, tail about lU'i to 114,
bill I'i'f) to 15"0, and arms 28 to 3ij mm.
157. Amytornis striatus Gould (?).
Dasi/vrnis xiriiitiis Gould, P.Z.S. 1839. p. 143 ("Liverpool Plains, N. S. Wales").
A badly damaged " ? " obtained at Marble Bar, 5. v. 1901, closely resembles
specimens called A. striatus and collected near Point Cloates, W. Australia, by
Mr. Tom Carter; but the bill is very much larger, measuring 15 mm. ! The
dimensions also are generally a little larger, but not much. It would be
interesting to know if such differences in size e.xist in this species, or whether
there are ditfereut races ?
158. Eremiornis carteri North.
Eremioriiis carteri North, Victorian Naturalist xvii. p. 78 (IDUO : N.W. Cape, N.W. Australia).
The young is above more olive and uniform, lacking the rufous forehead
and rufous tinge on the lower back and rump.
3 cJcJ, Marble Bar, April and May 1901 (Nos. R. 112, 114, 116).
1 ?, Condon Road, lo. v. 1901 (No. R. 5).
3 (?<?, 1 ?, Nullagine, N.W. Australia, April 1901 (Nos. R. 113, 115,
117, 161).
2 (J ?, Fitzroy River (200 miles up), April 1902 (Nos. R. 428, 432).
1 ?, Negri River, W. Australia, 23. v. 10o2 (No. R. 429).
1 ?, Hardraan Range, E. Kimberley, 17. v. 19o2 (No. R. 430).
2 (? ? , Mt. Huxley, Hall's Creek Road, 10. iv. 1902 (Nos. R. 431, 433). " Iris
brown (dark brown), feet leaden grey (dark brown), bill, ui)j)er mandible black, under
grey." " Found in the spiuifex country from Onslow to East Kimberley and from
Ashburton River to Hall's Creek Road."
These specimens agree perfectly with 4 from Point Cloates and Derby,
collected by Mr. Tom Charter.
159. Megalurus galactotes (Temm.).
Mahinit ijiilacl.itcs Temminck, PL Cnl. i\r,. fig. 1 (1823 : Australia— which part unknown).
<^ ?, South Alligator River, 15. x. 1902 (Nos. 742, 743).
6 cJcJ, Eureka, January and February 1903 (Nos. 998 to lool, 1120, 1121).
" Found in long grass on most of the watercourses."
( 227 )
160. Cisticola exilis (Vig. & Horsf.).
Malurus exilis Vigors & Horsf., Tranx. Limi. Soc. xv. p. 223 (1827 — ex Latham : Australia).
S, Ord River Station, E. Kimberley, 21. v. 1902 (No. R. 415).
?, Derby, 19. xii. 1901 (No. R. 373).
?, Sonth Alligator River, 15. xi. 1902 (No. 744).
S dS, Eureka, January 1903 (Nos. 987, 98S, 989).
I'll. Ephthianura tricolor (ionld.
Ephlhiuimm tricolor Gould, P.Z.S. 1840. p. 150 (" Hab. ?")
S iiumat., Soda Spring, Kimberley, 24. iv. 1902 (No. R. 437) " Iris whit<', bill
and feet brown."
162. Ephthianura crocea Cast. & Rams.
EjMhiaiiara crocea Castelo. & Ramsay, Proo. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales i. p. 380 (1877 — Norman Riveri
Gulf of Carpentaria).
5 £?(?, 2 ? ?, Alligator River, September 1903 (Nos. 1637 to 1643). "Iris
white, legs brown." " Canght on the open flats and plains near mangrove swamps."
163. Grallina picata (Lath.).
Graciila picata Latham, Jutl. <)ni. Suppl. p. .\.xix (1801 — Australia).
cJ, Nuliagine, N.W. Australia, 20. iv. I'.iDl (No. U. 96).
? juv., Tayldr's (Jreek, Nuliagine, 15. iv. 1901 (No. R. 97).
(?, Hall's Creek Road, 27. iv. 19ii2 (No. R. 425).
1 (?, 3 ? ?, Eureka, Northern Territory, January and February 19ii3 (Nos.
R. 980, 981, 1080, 1081).
3 ? ? , Alligator River, June and September 1903 (Nos. 1263, 1648, 1649).
?, Mary River, Northern Territory, 3. x. 1902 (No. 746).
164. CoUuricincla brunnea (ionld.
Oillurk-iiiclu brunnea Gould, P.Z.S. 1840. p. 164 (N.W. Australia).
c?, George's Creek, Northern Territory, 8. vii. 1902 (No. R. 626).
S, Cullen River, Northern Territory, 24. vii. 1902 (No. R. 627).
¥, Mary River, Northern Territory, 6. x. 19(12 (No. 727).
S ? , Eureka, Northern Territory, 9. i., 7. ii. 1903 (Nos. 1071, 1076).
2 cJcJ, 2 ? ?, South Alligator River, Ajiril, May, June 1903 (Nos. 1313, 1314,
1315, 1317).
Dr. Sharpe's jiallidirostris was doubtless described in error, as lie did not
know the sexes of C. brunnea, the male of which has a black bill, the female a
whitish one.*
* In Kor. Zuiil. 1M3, p. iia, Dr. Ruthschild and I united the specimens from New Guinea with
h-ninnea. From Mr. North's notes it appears that ('. superritiosa is the same as the Papuan torn], which
is spread over parts of New Guinea and the Cape Vork Peninsula. Unfortunately we have no material
from Cape York for comparison, but Uie Papuan birds differ from our hriiidtfa from N.W. Australia in
having a longer and less high bill.
( ->28 )
1 may lure add, tbat " Collyriocichla sib/la '" and " I'iiifirolestes boweri"
ill Sliai'iie's lldml-lint, iv. pp. liO'J, ;i7u, are tlic same, and that in my opinion this
sj)L'i'ie.s is a Piimrolestes and not a ColUuirinchi. The generic name was (iriginally
sjielt ('olhniriiii-lii, and Dr. t>iiarpe's recent spciiinj; is an error.
lOo. CoUuricincla woodwardi sjiee. nov.
Colluricincla snpra cinerascenti-brnunea, pileo ca]iitisijne laterihiis grises-
ceutioribiis. Hemigibus fnseis, pogoniis interni.s basin versus ciniiamomeo marginalis.
( 'audat'nsca. (Jntture ]ieetorei|ue snmmo jiallide-griseis, jjanllo eervineo tiuctis, sraj)is
jilumanim nigricantibns. Abdumine ochraceu-hiteo, jiarte snperiore griseo tine.to,
subcaudalihns subalaribusqne oehraceo-luteis. Hostro pedibusqne nigricantibns.
This fine new 8hrike-Thrnsh is above gre\isli brown, more greyish on the
crown and sides of the head. The (]uills are dark brown, the onter ones darkest,
the latter very narrowly, the inner secondaries more widely edged with the colonr
of the back, inner webs edged with cinnamon, e.xcei)t towards the tip. Tail dark
brown. Throat and chest pale grey with a faint bnff tinge, the shafts of the
feathers blaekish. Abdomen ochraeeons bnflF, slightly washed with grey, vent, under
tail- and iindL-r wing-coverts ochraeeons bntf. Bill and feet bhuddsh, iris brown.
6 ad., wing i;it) to 1:33, tail about 125, cnlmcn about 26 to 2!S, metatarsus about
3U mm.
Ti/pc : cJ ad., ID miles east of South Alligator River, 15. viii. l',)03 (No. 1545).
Ilnb. : Granite hills near .South Alligator River.
Mr. Tunuey sent the following specimens :
2 ? ad., granite hills lu miles east of South Alligator River, 13, 15. viii. 1903.
1 ? ad., hills near South Alligatm- River, 11. viii. 1'.mi3 (Nos. 1544, 1545, 154(1),
Named in honour of Dr. Bernard Woodward, Curator of the Perth Museum,
who arranged Mr. Tunney's expeditions.
16(0. CoUuricincla parvula Gould.
C'llluricinda jiarrula Gould, F.Z.S. lH4o (Port Essiogton).
5 cJcJ,3 ? ?, Alligator River, October 19(12, July, September, October 19(i3
(Nos. 720, 129(J, 1291, 1575, 1576, 1578, 1599, 1603).
I cannot see the reason why this species and ( '. nifii/astcr are separated
geuerieally and placed with rinarolestes. C. parcula stands between the group of
large species (Jiarmonica, brunnea, etc.) and the small ones {rujigaster, parvisxima ,
etc.). The eggs of the former and latter groups are quite alike, e.xcept in size.
1(>7. Cracticus quoyi tunneyi subsp. nov.
The black Vracticua from the Alligator River are clearly distinct from both
C. 'jiio;/' ijiiiiiji and C. ijnoiji rujescents. Their bills are long and slender, as
thin as those of (,'. </. iiifi'iscens, but much thinner and longer than those of
U. quoyi (jHoi/i. The wing is also much longer than in either of the two other
known ibrms. There ai)pcar to be four forms of black Cracficus : —
1. Cracticus quoyi quoyi (Less.). Tyj)ical locality : Dorey in Dutch A'ew
( 229 )
Gninea. DiflFers from all the other forms by its mnch thicker <aiiil more swollen
bills. Yonng apparently always black ! Ihib. : New Guinea, Sahvatti, Waigiii,
My sol.
2. Cracticus quoyi ru/esce)is De Vis, Proc. Linn. Soc. JV. S. Walf.s vii.
J). 562. Typical locality : Queensland. Differs at a glance from C. q. quoyi by its
thinner, less swollen bill. Young evidently dimorphic : sometimes black, more
often brown above with rnsty bnff stripes, underside rusty buff. Femab's (r when
fully adnlt) also sometimes brown, but generally black. That the brown birds
moult into the black ones is shown by two specimens in tlie Tring collection.
Cf. W. Rothschild, Bull. B. (). C. x. j). xl. 1900, and Campbell, :\V.s/.s am/ Fj/i/s
Austr. B. p. 307. Hab. : Queensland.
3. Cracticus quoyi subsji. nov. ? It is surprising to lind that the Aru birds
do not at all agree with the New Guinea form, but are very closely allied to
C. q. tunneyi. Their bills seem, however, to be slightly shorter, and the wings
shorter. As we have ouly two unse.xed birds from Tapt. Webster, apparently
i and ? , and a female collected by Mr. Heiiiricli Kiihn, I am not naming this
form, which is intermediate between C. q. quoyi and C. quoyi tunneyi, but hope to
discuss it later, when more skins from the Am Islands are available.
4. Cracticu.i quoyi tunneyi subsp. nov. Type : S ad.. Alligator Uiver,
25. ix. Ifl03 (No. 10113 Tnnney coll.). Named in honour of the collector, Mr. J. T.
Tunney. Differs from C. q. rufoscens in its much larger size : bill i ()5-5, ?
53 to 55; wing, S 205, ? 185 to 188 mm. — i.e. fully an inch longer than in
('. q. rufe.'icens. I am uiiiible to say whether the yonng are black, rufous, or
black and rufons.
Mr. Tnnney sent the following sj)ecimeus only :
cJ ad., Alligator River, Northern Territory, 25. ix. 1903 (No. 1003).
2 ? ¥, Alligator River, about 16 and 35 miles from the coast, 25. ix. and
10. X. 1903 (Nos. 1001, 1002).
Mr. Tunney says he shot these birds in mangrove swamps on tidal waters
near the coast, where he only saw this Cracticus. '' Iris dark brown, feet black."
168. Cracticus nigrogularis nigrogularis (Gould).
Viim/ii niyrifijularh Gould, I'.Z.S. 183C. p. 14:! (" In Nova Cambria Austral! ").
?, Nullagine, N.W. Australia, 17. iv. 1901 (No. R. 94).
?, Coongan River, N.W. Australia, 5. iv. 1901 (No. R. 95).
Tliese specimens belong to the larger form, C. n. niqroqulari.^, the distribution
of which is peculiar, as it seems to occur in New South Wales and throughout West
Australia, and is only rej)laced by the smaller C. n. jjicatus in the Northern Territory
and in the northern portions of Queensland. Birds collected by Mr. Tom Carter
at Point Cloates are distinctly of the large form, while I consider all the North
Queensland examjiles, from Cedar Bay, Cooktown, etc., to be typical picatus.
109. Cracticus nigrogularis picatus Gould.
Ciiirliriit jm;ilii!< Gould, I'.Z.S. 18-18. \i. -10 (" Northern Australia ").
5 c?cJ, 3 ? ?, Brock's Creek, Nortiiern Territory, end of July and August 1902
(Nos. 587 to 594).
( 230 )
<S, Sonth Alligator River, ITi. viii. 1003 (No. 1541).
S, Eureka, Northern Territory, 15. ii. 1903 (No. 1059).
? jnv., Nellie Creek, Northern Territory, 15. ii. 1903 (No. 1075).
170. Cracticus argenteus Gonlil.
CrcirliciiK nrciPiileim Goiild, P.Z.S. 1840. p. Vli\ (N.W. Australia).
6 ? ad., Granite hills. In miles east of Sonth Alligator River, 12, 13. viii. 1903
(Nos. 1542, 1543).
? jiin . Red sandstone hills near Sonth Alligator River, 11, v. 1903 (Nos. 1316).
171. Gymnorhina tibicen longirostris subspec. uov.
Difiers from (t. tibicen tibicen in its larger size and especially in its much longer
bill. (J ad.: wing, 251 to 267; bill, 72-5 to 73-5 mm. Tiipe : d ad., Nnllagine,
N.W. Australia, 10. iv. 1901 (No. R. 92).
(j. tibicen tibicen was originally described from New Soutli \Vales, and the
birds from there have the bill about a centimetre shorter.
Mr. Tnnney sent only :
2 (J ad., Nnllagine, N.W. Australia, 16. iv. I'.iijl (Nos. R. 92 and 93).
172. Pachycephala lanoides Gould.
P.irlnicpiihihi hinnnhK Gould, P.Z.S. IS^'J. p. 142 (N.W. coa.st of Australia).
2c? ad., 4 ? ?, Derby, in mangroves near the sea-shore, 20. xii. 1901 and
March 19ii2(Nos. 366, 1570, 15^(6, 15S7, 1605, 1607). "Iris reddish-brown in lioth
sexes, feet leaden grey, bill black."
173. Pachycephala rufiventris falcata Gonld.
P,irl,i/r,/,lial,i ftilcalii Gould, P.Z.S. 1842. p. l.U (Port Essington).
/'. inf. fulcuta evidently re]iresents P. /■({/! /7//;V('///r/.>( in N.W. Australia, but
the North Queensland birds before me are not /'. r.fulcata 1
1 (J juu., 1 ?, Derby (Nobby Wall), 7. xii. 1901 (Nos. R. 282, 283).
3 ? juv.. Eureka, February 1903 (Nos. 1115, 1116, 1117).
S, Fish-hole, Elvira River, We.st Australia, 12. v. 1902 (No. R. 46(1).
3cJc?, 1 ?, Sonth Alligator River, March and Ajiril 19(13, October 19(i2 and
l'.)ii3(Nos. 731, 1273, 1479, 1621). " 6 ad. : Iris hazel-brown (red), feet black, bill
biark-."
174. Poecilodryas pulverulentus (Bj).).
Myidlesles jiiiln-ndiiiliis Bp., Cump. Av. i. p. 3.08 (1850 : ex S. Jliill. M.S., New Guinea).
Unfortunately we have no specimens from New (iuinc;i, which are said to be
indistinguishable from Australian ones. If they should be separai)le, the Australian
form would have to be called I'oeciloilri/a.s pulverulentus leucura ({ould.
( ^31 )
In my opinion liotli PoeciloclrynisunA Rnpaultria are genera of the l/;A?««/;«V/rt/,'
and not of the Laniidae ; but a careful revision of these and allied trenera, with the
help of all known species, is desirable.
2 <S S, 2 ? ?, Alligator River, September 1903 (Nos. l.">si), 15S8, 159(), MVZ'Z).
We also received a pair from fJape York, collected by Mr. H. Jardine, which
are in every way similar to those from the Alli<;ator River.
175. Poecilodryas cinereiceps spec. nov.
S])eciei Poeciloilryati piiheruli'iituH dictae liand dissimilis, sed minor, notaeo
cinerascente, nnicolore, cnpite minime nigrescente.
This new species difier.s at a glance from /'. pitlcentleiifiis ; the upper surface
is much jialer, not so bluish-grey, but lighter and more ashy, and the crown is not
in the least blackish, but of the same ashy-grey colour as the back. The lores
only are blackish. Underside as in P. pulcerulentus, also the tail black, with a
wide band in the basal half (e.xcept on the two central rectrices) white, upper tail-
coverts black, under tail-coverts white. Bill (c?) about 14-5 rara. : wing, S 83 to
84, ? 78 mm. (In P. piih-eridpntm the c? has the wing about 87 to 91 mm.,
the ? 81 to 82-5 mm. long.) Typi> : <S ad., obtained on island near Hampton
Harbour, 13. vii. 1901. No. 193, Tunney coll.
Mr. Tunney sent only three examples : —
2 S ad. from island near Hampton Harbour, 13. vii. 1901 CNo<. R. 192, 193).
1 "(?" (but probalily a ?), apparently less adult, Derby, 9. i. 19u2 (No. R. 373).
This, as well as the two from the island, were obtained among the mangroves.
Besides these, we have in the collection 2 cJ ad. and 1 ? ad., collected near
Derby in March 1901, and sent to us by Mr. Robert Hall; and 1 ? from the
N.W. (!ape, 23. ii. 1902, collected by Mr. Tom (barter.
Mr. Carter describes the iris as reddish hazel, the bill as black, legs and feet
as purplish horn-colour. Mr. Tuuney calls the iris brown, the " legs black."
This is a very interesting addition to the Australian ornis, evidently hitherto
overlooked.
KCi. Spheiiostoma cristatum (umlil.
Siihninxliima rr'i«t»tiii,i (iouhi, I'.Z.fi. 1«37. p. MtO ("In Nova Cambi-i'i .\ustrali, apud or:un
(iricnt.ilem '').
cJ?, Nnliiigiiie, N.W. Australia, 19. iv. 19ol (Nos. U. 10."), loij).
177. Neositta leucoptera (Gould).
Sitlella leucoptera Gould, P.Z.ti. 18;5y. p. 144 ("North-west coast of Australia").
2 ? ?, Meda Station, Kimberley, 8. ii. 1902 (Nos. 385, 380).
cJ ?, Derby, G, 7. iii. 1902 (Nos". 1008, 1009).
?, Eureka, Northern Territory, 2. ii. 1903 (No. 1100).
2 (Jc?, South Alligator River, end of March and \\)v\\ 19ii3 (Nos. 1277, 1278).
The ? from Eureka has the black e.\tended over tiie chin ; in the S (No. 1277)
from the South Alligator River, the black reaches over the forehead to the base of the
bill.
( 232 )
178. Climacteris melamira Gonld.
Climaclerk melaiiura Gould, P.Z.S. 1S4-2. p. l.W (" North-west coast of Australia ").
c? ? ad. Liveringa, Derby, 17. xi. lOii] CNos. R. 'is."), 2S0).
?, South Allij;ator River, !». iv. litl)3 (No. 1279).
?, Eureka, 21. ii. l'.ii)3 (No. 11 10).
1T9. Philemon argenticeps (Gonld).
Tnijiiikirhyurhiix argenliceps Gonld, P.X.S. 18:)tt. \t. U4 (■ North-west cna.it of Australia").
cJ, Victoria River, Nortliirii Territory, 3u. vi. 19(>2 (No. R. 620).
c?, Piiic Creek, Northern Territory, 25. vii. 19(12 (No. R. G18).
3c?c?, 3 ? ?, Brock's Creek, Nortiieni Territory, July and Aiisjiist 19ii2 (Nos.
R. 013 to 016, ni9).
S, Enreka, Northern Territory, 7. ii. 1903 (.No. IdTO).
2c?cJ, 2 ? ?, South Alligator River, October and November 19o2 (Nos. 782,
785, 788, 789).
180. Philemon citreog'ularis sordidus (fJnnld).
Tnipidorhj/iichas snnliihis Gonld, B. Auslr. i. Iiitrod. p. 58 (Coburi; Peainsula).
1 <?, 2 ? ?, Meda Station, Kitnberley, February 19i)2 (Nos. 379, 38i), 381).
?, Derby, 5. iii. 1902 (No. lOoii).
2 c?(?, Glencoe Station, Northern Territory, 0. i.\. 1902 (Nos. 783, 790).
1 (?, 2 ? ?, Brock's Creek, Northern Territory, August 1902 (Nos. 021,022,
023).
1 c?, 3??, South Alligator River, November 1902, March and Ainil 1903
(Nos. 784, 786, 1335,1330).
2 cJc?, 1 ?, Eureka. Northern Territory. .liiniiary and February 19o3(Nos. Ioo4,
1007, 1068).
The typical citreoiiiihaix is evidently not found in Nortli-western Australia, but
the two subspecies are so closely allied that tliev are not to be named, e.xcept it a
series of both is compared.
181. Entomyza cyanotis albipennis Gould.
Kitlomyza (iWipeiiiii« Gould, P.Z.S. 1840. p. 1G9 (Port Essington).
It is very intere.sting to see tliat the very young birds have the base of the
]irimiiries buff, a little paler than in /,'. c. ci/anotis. There are thus three snbsj)eciea
of A', ct/anotis : —
E. ci/anotis cyanotix Lath. : base of primaries buff, larger : New Soutli Wales,
Victoria, South Australia and Southern Queensland.
IC. cyonotia harterti Rob. & Lav. (Ibis 190O. p. 03.5): ba«e of ]iriniaries jialer
buff, sinallei- : Northern Queensland.
/•-'. c'janotis albipeimis Gon)d : base of primaries whiti' : N.- Western Australia.
( 233 )
Mr. Tunnej- sent :
5 c?(?, 2 ? ¥, 1 <? jnv., Cockatoo .Springs, E. Kimberley, Jnne 1902 (Nos. 444
to 449, R. 610,611).
1 c?, Bnrnndie, Northern Territory, 28. vii. 1902 (No. R. 6o6).
1 cJ, 3 ¥ ¥, Brock's Creek, Northern Territory, end of July and Angust 10(12
Nos. R. 605, 607, 608, 609).
"Iris straw-colonr (yellow, dull yellow), feet brown (dirty brown, blackish),
bill black, bluish at base (in young birds yellowish at base), bare space above the
eye pale bine, below the eye briglit blue (in young birds liare space just round
the eye blue, rest greenish yellow)."
182. Myzantha flavigula lutea Gould.
Mr-aiillid tiilni Gould, I'.Z.S. 18.39. p. 144 (" N.W. coast of Australia ").
1 ¥, Nnllagine Road, 14, 15. iv. 1901 (Nos. R. 107, 108).
1 i, 1 ¥, Nellie (Jreek, Northern Territory, 11. ii. 1903 (Nos. 10G9, 1070).
3 cJ c?, 1 ? , near the iiead waters of South Alligator River, May 1903 (Nos. 1322
to 1325).
183. Ptilotis unicolor Gould.
Ptilolh unicolor Gould, P.Z.S. 1842. p. 130 (Port Essiugton).
1 S, Elvira River, W. Australia, 12. v. 1902 (No. R. 443).
1 <J, 2 ¥ ? , Brock's Creek, Northern Territory, August 1902 (Nos. 628, 629, 630).
1 S, Enreka, Northern Territory, 2. ii. 1903 (No. 1077).
1 ?, Alligator River, 7. i.\. 1903 (No. 1577).
1 J, 2 ¥ ¥ , Sonth Alligator River, Aj.ril and June 1903 (Nos. 1337, 1338, 1339).
184. Ptilotis sonorus Gonld.
Plilnlix stninriis Gould, P Z.S. 1840. p. 160 (" South and Western Australia").
¥, Marble Bar, 3. iv. 19(il (No. K. 145).
2 ¥ ¥, Lewis Islands, N.W. Anstralin, 27. vi. 1901 (Nos. U,. 17(5, 177).
1 ¥, Soda Springs, Kimberley, 23. iv. 19(.i2 (No. R. 442).
1 (J, east of Mary River, Northern Territory, 10. i.x. 19(i2 (No. 732).
185 Ptilotis keartlandi North.
PI\1,i;h l.-earllaiiill North, H,j,„rt II„ni Srhiil. K.'ik p. !I4, pi. (i (189l!).
1 cJ, Marble Bar, 5. v. 1901 (No. R. 141).
1 S, Carbana Pool, Nnllagine Road, 3. v. 1901 (No. R. 139).
1 (?, 3 ¥¥, Taylor's Creek, Nullagino, N.W. Australia, AjM-il 19((1 (Nos. R. 137,
138, R. 140, 144).
The ¥ R. 144 is very young. The u]iper surface is sandy or brownisli bull', the
crown like the bacdc, ear-coverts pale grey, under-surface uniform yellowish bull'.
( 234 )
186. Ptilotis flavescens (lOuM.
Ptilolhfavencem Gould, P.Z.S. 1839. p. 144 ('• North-west coast of Australia ").
1 6, Derby, SI. xii. 1901 (No. R. :i09).
1 S, Fitzroy Hiver, Derby, :i. xii. Uiul (No. K. iJ.sT).
1 ?, Behn Rivor, 29. v. 1*902 (No. R. 436).
1 S, George's Creek, Northern Territory, ^. vii. 1902 fXo. 1!. 6r;i).
2 (Jc?, Margaret River, 20. iv. 1002 (Nos. R. 4:54, 43;".).
1>*T. Ptilotis leilavalensis North.
PlU'tin Ifilin-iiliiixis Xorth, Rer. Aiisti: .Uiii. iii p. lOll (IS'.lll: Fiill:ii'ton Rivpr, lu'.ir Ijciliivale
Station, Queensland).
Plilntiamitfii Campbell, Vh-turkni .Xtitinalisl, 1899 (N.W. Cape. Carter coll.)
1 S, Miirble Bar, 4. iv. loiil (No. If. 143).
3 JcJ, Nullagine Roa.l, April 19ol , Nns. ]{. 132, 133, 136).
ISS. Glyciphila fasciata Oonhl.
Gh/rij)h:hi /nsruitn Gould, P.Z.S. 1842. p. 137 (Port Essington).
2 SS,2 ??, Alligator River, 6o miles from the coast, October 1903 (Nos.
l.'')?! t(i 1574).
" ( 'anght on river bank in ]i;i|ier-bark trei-s. Iris dnJI red ^reildisli), legs liglit
brown."
1>!9. Stigmatops ocularis ((Jonld).
Gh/ivphihi ? nnilnris Gould, P.Z.S. 1837. p. l.'il (Van Diemen's Land— V errore !).
2 6S, Taylor's Creek, Nnllagine, 15. iv. I9ol (Nos. R. 142, 143).
2 S ? jnv., Lewis Island, N.W. Australia, 25. vi. 19ol (Nos. H. 197, 198).
1 ?, (Crawford's Spring, Northern Territory, 4. vii. 19ll2 (No. R. OIU).
1 ?, Meda Station, Derby, 1. ii. H)o2 (No. R. 3,S7).
2c??, Soda Springs, Hall's Creek Road, 23, 24. iv. 1902 (Nos. R. 438, 439).
5 c?cJ, Alligator River, March, September, October 1903 (Nos. 733, 734, 1333,
1590, 1635).
I am perfectly convinced that " siiboci/lnrix,'' abont which (Jonld liiniselt was
always uncertain, is based on yonng oci/laris, while on the other hand the birds
from the Lesser Sunda Islands have ajiparently stronger bills and might be se|iar.ile(l
as II new subspecies.
I'.to. Entoniophila albigularis (ionld.
EnlowniihiUt iill.iipiliii-io Gi.iild, P.ZS. 1HJ2. p. 137 (Tjpe fnirn Mayilay Island in Van Uiemcn'.s
Gulf, N W. Australia).
cJ ?, Alligator River, 8, 22. ix. 1903 (Nos. 1581, 1592).
( 235 )
Iftl. Entomophila ruf ocularis Gnnld.
Kiitomnphiht riifogulriris Gould, P.Z.S. 1842. p. 137.
3 c?(?, Derby, 24. xi. 1901, 7. iii. 1002 (Nos. R. 292, 293, 1583).
1 c? juv.. Brock's Creek, 7. viii. 19U2 (No. R. 659).
2 ? ? , Sont.h Alligator River (100 miles from the coast), 4. x. 1002, 7. iv. 1003
(Nos. 738, 1332).
192. Melithreptus lunulata albogularis Gonld.
^fl•lilln■e/)tllx nlhof/idaris Gould, P.Z.S. 1847. p. 220 ("Northern and Eastern Australia").
1 (J, Fitzroy River, Derby, 3. xii. lOnl (No. 294).
1 cJ, 2 ? ?, Brock's Creek, Northern Territory, August 1902 (Nos. H. r,31, (•>58,
e63).
6 cJc?, 1 ?, Alligator River, October 1902, March, April, May, Seiitember 1903
(Nos. 737, 1328, 1329, 1330, 1331, 1593, 1617).
3 c?(?, 1 $, Enreka, .Tannary, February 1903 (Nos. 990, 997, 1078, 1079).
193. Myzoinela obscTjra grisescens subsp. nov.
[.]fiiznme!(i oLmmi Gould, I'.Z.S. 1842. p. nO (Port Essington).]
Siibs])eciei Mi/zomi'ln olii<ciii-(i ohitcnni dictae siniilis, seil omiiino grisescentioi.
This new form differs at a glance from .1/. «. ob.v'ura by its greyish, instead
of dark brownish npper- and iinder-siirface. This is most evident on the throat
and breast. I have compared a tine series from Cape York, Bowen, Cooktown and
other parts of Qneenshind, as well as from Port Essiugton.
Tiii)e: i ad.. Brock's Creek, 9. viii. 19o2 (No. 035, Tuuney coll.).
Mr. Tnnney sent the following specimens in addition to the type specimen :
3 c?cJ, 1 ?, Block's Creek, Northern Territory, August 1902 (Nos. R. 633, 634,
636, 637).
1 i, east of Mary Kiver, Norllu-rn Territory, HI. ix. 1002 (No. 730).
1 $, Sontli Alligator River, 17. x. 1902 (No. 735).
" Iris brown, bill black, feet dull bine (hlnish black)."
194. Myzomela pectoralis Gonld
iUjznmphi jKctnralU Gould, P Z.S. IS40. p. 170 (N.W. coast of Australia).
2 J(?, 1 ? juv., Derby, December 1901 (Nos. R. 289, 367, 308).
1 c?, 2 ? ?, Mount Wynne, Derby, November 1901 (Nos. R. 288, 290, 201).
2 cJcJ, 2 ? ?, Meda Station, Derby, February 1902 (Nos. R. 388 to 301).
1 <?, Brock's Creek, Northern Territory, 0. viii. 19ii2 (No. li. 032).
2 (J J', Alligator River, so miles from the coast, April and October 1003 (Nos.
1293, 1582).
( 236 )
195. Myzomela nigra Gonlil.
MyzmufJn tiifjrti GouH, B. of AuMrolin iv. \i\. Gi'» (Western Australia and Namoi).
1 cJ, fniiu '24<i-raile post, Hall's Creek Hoad, -^'U'. iv. r.iii> No. H. 44M).
1 S jiin., 8...1a S|)riiig, :i:5. iv. liM):> (No. H. 44];.
I'i6. Dicaeum hirundinacea rShaw).
Miitiici/hi hiriiiidhiarm Shaw, in Shaw & Nodder's Niil. ^fi>n•. iv. pi. 114 (17;i'2).
1 c?, Niillagine River, 17. iv. C.hiI (No. R. ]:!i)).
] J, Ord River, 21. v. liiii:.' (No. R. 424).
I'-'T. Pardalotus melanocephalus uropygialis Oonld.
Punhiliilim iirnpi/fiidlis (iouU, I'.Z.S. 1S39. p. I4;i (N.\V. cuast of Australia).
1 c?, Brock'.s Creek, 19. viii. 1902 (No. R. 585).
3 (?<?, South Alligator River, April, June, August ]9i)3 (Nos. 1294, 129r.,
1562).
1 9S. Anthus australis Vig. & Horsf.
Aittlni^ AiiKlailh Vig \- Horsf., TrniiK. Lmii. Sn: Loml.. xv. p. '.'•2!) ( Australia).
1 J, 1 ? i.d., Lewis Islands, N.W. Australia, June, July 19til (No. U. I'.i.-., KKi).
1 S jiiii. Eureka, Northern Territory-, 25. ii. 1!)03 (No. 1113). In iiionlt.
1 ? jiiv.. Alligator River, 26. ix. 1903 (No. 1500).
These sj)eeimeiis {/.e. the adult ones) are rather ]i:ile and sandy.
190. Mirafra javanica horsfieldi (iould.
1 c?, 2 ? ?, Glencoe, Northern Territory, September 10U3 (Nos. 702, 793, 794).
5JJ,1 ?, Eureka, Northern Territory, January, February 10i»3 (Nos. 002
to 925, 101)5, 1112).
3 ??, South Alligator River, November 10ii2, September 10(i:{ (Nos. 800,
lf>C7, 157(1).
2011. Mirafra javanica secuuda sh.-irpe.
2 cJ ? , Tablia Tablia, N.W. Australia, September 1001 (N.is. R. 220, -J-J-Jj.
2 (J ?, Box Soak, N.W. Australia, August loiil (Nos. R. 217, 221).
4 cJcJ, 2 ? ?, Liveriuga (Kiniberley), N.W. Australia (Nos. R. 3(io to 3(i.")).
2 cJ ?, Meda Station, 28. i. 10o2 (Nos. R. 383, 384).
1 ?, Flora Valley, East Kiniberley, 8. v. 1002 (No. K. 4.")0). An aberration of
a pale cream-colour above and creamy white below.
''Iris dark brown, feet and bill fleshy brown." Not an '■ albino," as the iris
is not pink.
( 237 )
THE FORMS OF AHRAFRA JAVANICA.
A luost: interesting — because of its various subspecies — species of Miiafra, is
spread over the Easteru Arcliijielago, from Java to the I'hiliiipitios and Australia.
I am acquainted with tlie following forms :
1. Mirafrajacanwajacanica'iAoviii. 18^U. llah. : Java, Bali.
'Z. Mirafra javanica parva Swinh. 1.S71. llah.: Flores, Snmliawii, Lombok,
Savn, Snmba.
'i. Mirafra jacanica jiliilijijiincnsis Wardl. Rams. Issti. Hah.: Philippines.
Apparently onlj' Luzon.
4. Mirafra ja.vanica horsfiddi Gould lS47. Hah. : Probably only northern
and easteru portions of Australia. We have specimens from the following
localities : Moreton Bay, Eurelia, Glencoe, South Alligator River. The upper
surface of tliis form is very deep brown, the feathers of the back and scajiulars
almost black with pale rufous edges.
5. Mirafra jamnica pallida Hall, " Emu " 1904. Differs at a glance from the
true M. J. horsjieldi by its greyish upper surface. The edges to the feathers are not
dark browu or rufous, but ashy grey, the rump and upjier tail-coverts greyish,
the under surface cream instead of rufous-buff, the edges to the quills paler. We
have two examples from Mr. Hall, one without indication of locality (25. x. 1902),
the other said to be from " N.W. Australia," from Rogers, taken 13. xii. 1902.
" Iris brown ; bill : upper and tip of lower brown, base of lower yellowish white;
corner of mouth pale yellow ; feet and legs very pale brown." These two speci-
mens are alike. One bears tlie name ^pallida" in Mr. Hall's liaudwriting, and
may have served for the original description just published. It will be the
duty of our Australian brother-ornithologists to find out the exact distribution
of this new subspecies, and to tell us ou what soil and in what sort of country
it lives.
We have also a male from Swan Hill, Victoria, S. iv. 1899, also from Mr.
Robert Hall, which is paler and greyer than typical korsfieldi, very near to
yrisescens, but not quite like it. Is this merely an exceptionally pale and grey
hofsjieldi, or another new race ?
6. Mirafra javanica secunda Sharpe 1890. Distinctly more sandy and paler,
not so blackisli above, as M. j. horsp'i'ldi. Hah. : Southern and western portions
of Australia (Kimberley, Port Headland, Derby).
7. Mirafra javanica woodwardi Milligan, 190l. Above not at all blackish,
browu, or greyish, but bright cinnamon, abdomen ])ale cinnamon buff, throat
paler, upper and under wing-coverts briglit cinnamon. Chest-markings not
blackish-brown, but ferruginous. Hah. : Sandy jiortions of Onslow and Point
Cloates (Tom Carter coll.).
201. Poephila personata Gould.
I'uiiilida jicinDiiulu Goulil, I'.Z.S. 1842. p. 18 (" NurthiTii parts of Australia ").
According to what I ca]i tiiid about the distribution of these birds, this forin
and leucotis wonkl occur in the same districts. This is not probable. /-". persoiuita
and F. leucotis are most likely subspecies representing each other. The latter
( 238 )
ouly we have received I'rom Cajie York, tlie iormer only from Eureka, BeLii, and
Alligator Rivers.
(??, Behn River, E. Kiinberley. :!ii. v. 1902 (No. R. 471, 47^').
2 (?c?, South Alligator River, Aiiril, M-.iy l!iii3 (Nos. ]2'.i8, 129!)).
2 (?<?, 1 ?, Eureka, Northern Territory, February 19U3(Nos. 1105, llUG, Il08).
202. Poephila acuticauda (<ionl(l).
Aiiiadimi urnlicoiiihi Oould, F.Z.S. IB'A'.>. p. 143 (N.W. coast of Australia).
cj ?, Thompson's Springs, E. Kimberley, May and June 1902 (Nos. K. 408,
47IIJ.
J ?, LennanI River, Derby, January 1002 rNos. 392, 393).
?, Margaret River (crossing Hall's Creek Road), 20. iv. 19(r2 (No. R. 409).
2 SS, Eureka, February 1903 (Nos. 1107, llo'.i).
(?, 20 miles west of South Alligator River, 2. v. 1903 (No. 1297).
203. Poephila gouldiae (Gould).
Amadiiin yDiihlinr Gould. P.Z.S 1844. p. 0 (N.W. Australia).
Pnejihila uiimbilis Des Alurs, Irmiogi: Orn. pi. iii. (18-15).
It has now been proved beyond donbt that the red-lieaded and black-headed
" Gouldiau Finches," as well as the yellow-headed " F. a/mitiana," are merely
aberrations of one species. One might call it " dimorpliic," for, in fact, in most
cases the same individual retains its red or black head throughout life, and cases
in which the black head moults into a red one, or lice versa, arc apjiareutly rare.
The name of the species is Po(lj;t>/H7a yo«/a'/a^ .' This name was published iu 1844.
When Messrs. Hombron & Jaopiinot first figured this bird in tlieir Voi/oyv au
Pole Slid tliey did not bestow a specific name on it, but merely called it " I'oephile
admirable." It was not before 1845 that Des Murs printed the name P. mirabilis
and figured both the black and the red-headed varieties. The name of the species
is therefore clearly P. ijonhliue.
S ad.. Eureka, Northern Territory, lo. i. 19o3 (No. lo23). Red-headed !
S ad., Thompson's Springs, E. Kimberley, 2. vi. 1902 (No. R. 41)7). Black-
headed !
?,20 miles west of South Alligator River, Northern Tcriitory 2. v. 1903
(No. 1296).
? juv., Thompson's Springs, E. Kimberley, 2. vi. 1902 (No. R. 473).
204. Bathilda ruficauda clarescens Hart.
Hiithihhi rufiaiiida rlanscens Hart., Xui-. Zniil. 18;iy. p. Ail (Cape York).
The typical larger and darker nijiraiida is from N. S. ^Vales and South <^)ueeus-
laud. B. r. clarescens is a mucli paler subs]iecies.
3 tJcJ, 4 ? ? , 2 juv., AUigator River, November 1902, Septeiidicr 1903 (Nos.
812, 1626 to 1629, 1632, 1633, 1634, 1636).
205. Munia pectoralis (fiould).
Dimamla pectoralin Gould, B. Anslr. iii. pi. 95 (1848).
S ad.. Eureka, 7. i. 1903 (No. 1022).
( 239 )
~'iiO. Munia flaviprymna (Gould).
Dmiaiulajtnr'qiriimiia Gould, P.Z.S. 1S45. p. 81) (the type came from the Victoi-ia Rivef !).
c?, evidently itdult., Victoriii liivrr, Northern Territory, :i i. vi. 190^ (No. R.
6^i2). "Iris lihick. Feet und bill dull blue." Exactly like the type and the one
in the British Mnseiim.
" ?," Victoria River, 3(1. vi. \'M)'> (No. R. oSl). "Iris bhu^k. Feet and bill
dnll bine."
This specimen diti'ers from the male as follows : the crown and hind-neck are
not pale grey-buflF, but bnffy grey with hoary grey-brown edges to the feathers ; the
throat, instead of being creamy buff, is creamy buff with dark chestnut edges to
the feathers! fan that be the regular female of M. J/nriitri/mrm'i Or can
.1/. Jlavijtr)/mim be a stage of M. castamothorax'i It seems hardly possible,
but the similarity of the upperside is suggestive.
Here again is a case of research for Australian scientific collectors. A series
must be collected ; egg-hunting alone cannot settle the point.
207. Munia castaneothorax (Gould).
AiiiatliiKi cailami)t/iora.i: Gould, Sijn. B. . I «.<(/■. pt. ii. (1837).
c?, Victoria River, Northern Territory, 30. vi. l'J02 (No. R. 583).
~ (S6, Eureka, Northern Territory, January I'.t03 (Nos. 1025 to 1031).
a ? ¥, Alligator River, September 1903 (Nos. 1630, 1631).
208. Emblema picta Gould.
Embkma picta Gould, P.Z.S. 1842. p. 17 (N.W. coast of Australia),
t? ad., Coongan IJiver, 5. iv. 1001 (No. E. 125).
209. Taeniopygia castanotis (Gould).
Aiiuidimi aislunotis Gould, P.Z.S. 1836. p. 105 (Australia).
? imm., Condon Road, 15. v. 1901 (No. R. 4).
210. Stictoptera annulosa (Gould).
Amadina unnulom Gould, P.Z.S. 1839. p. 143 (N.W. coast of Au.stralia).
? ad., ('rawford Si)rings, Northern Territory, 4. vii. 1902 (No. R. 584).
(Perhaps subspecies of bichenoivi.)
211. Neochmia phaeton (llombr. k Jac(i.).
Frimjilla jjliiiiitvii Hombr. & Jacq., Ann. Soc. Xal. (2) xvi. p. 314 (1841 : Austialia).
1 c?. Eureka, Northern Territory, 24. i. 1903 (No. 1024).
1 cj, Alligator River, 60 miles from coast, 26. x. 1903 (No. 1715).
( 240 )
■-'!:.'. Artamus minor Vieill.
.\rti'miis minor Vieillot, Xmn: Dirt. il'Hisl. Nut. xvii. p. 2',I8 (1817 : Australia).
c? ?, Hall's (Veek, '20. iv. KMI2 (Nos. R. 4(H, 465).
5 ad., Eureka, Northern Territory, 5. ii. l'.)0:i (No. lllMj.
? jnv., Nellie Creek, Northern Territory, is. ii. ]0o:{ (No. 1111). " Jri.s dark
Ijrown, I'eet black, l)ill lilue witli liliick tip."
213. Artamus cinereus Vieill.
Aiiit.miis i-inereiiH Vieillot, Nouv. Ditt. il'llisl. yut. xvii. p. 2'.I7 (1817 ; Timor I).
6 c?c?, Eureka, Northern Territory, .lannary, February V.nni (Nos. 983, luOl,
1062, 1(163, ia63A).
2 t?(?. South Alligator River, April r.iit3 (Nos. 1252, 12.i3).
214. Artamus personatus (Gould).
(JcijiiUiiis jitisuimtus Gould, P.Z.S. 184U. p. 14'j (" Southern and Western Australia").
1 S, Margaret River (Crossing, 2(i. iv. 11MI2 (No. 463).
" Iris black, feet black, bill blue with lihiek ]ioiut."
215. Artamus leucorhynchus leucopyg'ialis Gould.
Arliimus Iciiciipygialis Gould, P.Z.S. 1842. p. 17 (Australia).
ArtiiiHUS leiKiirhynchus parvivostris Hartert, Xvi: Zuul. IS'.l'.t. p. 4'J4 (Cape York) ; ci. Niir. Znol.
moi. p. 170.
4 (?(?, Lewis Island, N.W. Australia, June, July I'.iOl (Nos. R. 172 to R. 175).
1 S, Woolwonga, Northern Territory, 7. ix. Ili(i2 (No. 753).
4 c?<?, 4 ? ?, South Alligator River, March, April, May 11)03 (Nos. 771, 1254,
1255, 1256, 1258 to 1261).
216. Dicrurus bracteatus Gould.
DicruruD hracteutiia Gould, P.Z.S. 1842. p. 132 (" the Eastern and Xorthern coasts of Australia").
cJ?, Buruudie, Northern Territory, 28. vii. IDo:.! (Nos. It. 624, R. 625).
"Iris red."
2 c?cJ ad., Mary River, Northern Territory, September 19U2 (Nos. 755, 75!)).
S, McKinley River, Northern Territory, 23. i.x. l',)02 (No. 760).
10 cJcJ, 3 ? ?, On, and near, Alligator River, October, November l'JU2, June,
July, August, September 1903 (Nos. 756, 757, 758, 1266 to 1271, 1548, 1712,
1713,1714).
( -^^1 )
217. Oriolus flavocinctus flavocinctus (Kiug).
Minutes Jtafociiiotiis King, Snrnei/ Jiitertniji. Cuasis Audraliu, ii. p. 419 (182 - ''. : N. Australia).
5 ad., Bnrnndie, Northern Territory, 28. vii. l'Jo2 (N'o. R. 012j.
6 iid., Mary Kiver, Northern Territory, 14. ix. VMZ (No. 723).
0 Si, 4 ? ?, On, and near. Alligator River, October 1902, May, Jnne,
September l'.)03 (Nos. 722, 724, 13US to 1312, lGo4, IG.jg, 1050).
218. Oriolus viridis affinis GuuM.
Oriolus affiitU Gould, B. Aiistr. i. Intro, p. liii.
S, Behu River, East Kimberley, 30. v. 1902 (No. U. 414). " Iris pink, feet
dull leaden blue, bill reddish brown."
S, Eureka, Northern Territory, 12. i. 1903 (No. lull).
cJ?, 25 miles east of South Alligator River, June, August 1003 (Nos. 1272,
1547).
210. Sphecotheres flaviventris Guuld.
Sjjliecutheres flcn-lrentrii Gou\d, P.Z.S. 184'J. p. HI (Cape York).
c? ad., McKinley River, Northern Territory, 20. ix. lOov! (No. 72-")).
c? juv., ?, Mary River, Northern Territory, 2. x. 1902 (Nos. 710, 720).
2 c? ad., 2 (J jnv., Eureka, Northern Territorj-, February, March 1903 (Nos.
1064, 1005, 1072, 1073).
2 (J ad., 1 c? juv., 2 ? ?, Alligator River, October 1902, September, October
1003 (Nos. 718, 722, 1055, 1050, 1057).
220. Corvus coronoides Vig. & Horsf.
Corvun cui-ijwiiih'.'i Vig. & Horsf. Traiu. Linn. Sue. Lund. xv. 1827, p. 2G1 (Australia).
2 cJcJ; 2 ? ?, South Alligator River, April, May, Jnne 19U3 (Xos. l;!4ii, 1342,
1343, 1344).
Mr. Tuuney marked the iris as being white in three of these specimens. In
the fourth (No. 1343), which is evidently a young bird, the iris is marked as being
brown. These statements do not agree with Mr. North's theory. Mr. North
recognises three Australian species of i.'orci.m : —
1. Corvus coronoich's : with white bases to the feathers, and brown iris.
2. Corvus bennetti : of much smaller size than C. coronoides, with white bases
to the feathers, and white iris.
3. ' 'orcas iiiisfralis : of large size, with dusky grey bases to the feathers, and
white iris.
Our birds from the Alligator River are certainly not C. amtralis, nor are
they C. beiinelti. They agree with the birds called C. coronoides, but the iris
of the adult ones is, according to Mr. Tanney, white. The same statements of
the iris, in adnlt birds, being white, occurs on labels of crows, collected by
Mr. Tom Carter at Point Cloates. Our Australian friends must find out whether
C. coronoides, when fully adult, has a white iris, or whether the ^.W. Australian
bu'ds ditl'er in that respect from typical C. coronoides.
10
( 242 )
221. Chlamydera nuchalis (Jai-J. & Selby).
POlunorhytichus nuchalis Jard. & Selby, //(. Oni. t. 103 (1838 : no locality).
C. HucJiaVs oricntaUs is :i veiy closel_v allied, tUongli recognisable subspecies.
It is smaller, and has whitish tips to the leathers of the crovvu, but the more
spotted back is not a character to distinguish it by.
? (?), Mt. Anderson, 31. x. 19ul (No. \i. 279).
cj?, Negri River, East Kimberley, 22, 23. v. 19U2 (Nos. U. 420, II. 427).
(? ?, Burundie, Northern Territory, 28. vii. 1902 (Nos. R. 002, U. 0o4).
c?, Brock's C'reek, Northern Territorj-, 2. viii. 1903 (No. W. 0(>3).
S ? , Eureka, Northern Territory, January, February 1903 (Nos. 1012, lU6G).
1 t?, 2 ? ¥, South Alligator River, November 1902, May, June 1903 (Nos. 813,
1262, 1302).
DESCRIPTION OF A NEW LORICARIID EISH OF TUE
GENUS XENOCABA FROM VENEZUELA.
BY C. TATE REGAN, B.A.
Xenocara rothschildi spec nov.
Depth of body .5-55 in the length, length of head 2| (males) or 3 (females).
Head about 1 i as long as broad and twice as long as deep. Diameter of eye
0J-8§ in the length of head, interorbital width 2-21, length of snout l-j-lj.
Length of mandibular ramus 23-25 in the interorbital width. Snout with tentacles.
Interoperculnm with 9-13 spines, the longest }-'i the length of head. 23 or 24
scutes in a longitudinal series, 6 or 7 between dorsal and adipose fins, 10 or 11
between anal and caudal. Dorsal 1 7, the first ray 4-i the length of head, the
last, when laid back, separated by 1 or 2 scutes from the spiue of the adipose
fin ; length of base of dorsal a little less than its distance from the spiue of the
adipose fin, which is jireceded by a keel formed by 1 or 2 scutes. Anal 1 4.
Pectoral spine extending to anterior third or middle of ventral, t'audal obliquely
truncate, the lowest ray nearly as long as the head. Caudal peduncle 2'j-2^ as
long as deep. Uniform dull greyish, the fins dusky ; a dark spot at the base
of the first interradial membrane of the dorsal.
San Esteban, near Porto Cabello, Venezuela.
Five specimens, 113 to 17.j mm. in total length, collected by A. Mocquerys.
This very distinct species has a shorter dorsal fin than any other of the genus ;
it is allied to X occidcntalc Regan, from E. Ecuador, and to A', chagreai
Eigeumann, from Panama.
23StP.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE.
Vol. XII. SEPTEMBER, 1905. No. 2.
FURTHER CONTRIBUTIONS TO OUR KNOWLEDGE OE
THE ORNIS OF THE SOLOMON ISLANDS.
BY THE HON. WALTER ROTHSCHILD, Ph.D., and Dr. ERNST HARTERT.
(Plate X.)
IN Xov. Zool. viii., 1901, pp. 170-89, 373-8:.', we have discussed the birds of
the islands Kuhimbaiigra, Florida, aud Giiadalcanar ; in vuL i.\., 1902,
pp. 581-94, we wrote about those from Isabel (Bugotu) and Treasury Island. The
indefatigable collector Mr. Albert S. Meek has recentl}' returned to the Suloiuon
Archipelago, and has succeeded in making very valuable collections on Ueiidova,
Gizo, New Georgia, Choiseul, and Bougainville, notwithstanding the bad climate
and the notorious ferocity of the natives. The birds collected by Mr. Meek are
of course of the highest interest, because our knowledge of the birds of liendova
aud New Georgia was imperfect, and of those of Gizo, Choiseul, aud Bougainville
we knew heretofore nothing. It is true that Dr. Julius von Madarasz, in Termcs-
zetrajzi Fiizetek xxv., 1902, pp. 350-51, described nine species as coming from
Bougainville, but we have shown {Annale.'i Mm. Sat. HuiKjar. i., 1903, pp. 447-50)
that these did not come from Bougainville, but from German New (iuinea.
Needles.s to say that the large collection received from Jlr. Meek fully bears
out our conclusions, I.e.
The number of remarkable new species in the collect ion from the northern
islands is surprisingly small. This is, however, explained by the fact that the ornis
of Bougainville, Choiseul, and Isabel is, on the whole, the same. Moreover, Mr.
Meek was of course not able to penetrate far into the interior, but had to restrict
his collecting to the coastal portions of the islands. There can be no doubt
whatever that the mountains in the interior of these islands, and especially those
of Bougainville, are still inhabited by unknown, ditfereutiated forms, although
Meek's collections give a splendid idea of the zoogeographical relations of these
islands.
A few startling, wonderful discoveries were also made : the remarkable new
l)igeon Microyonra meehi, the gaudy Ihdcijon boayainrilliji, and I he sombre Corras
meeki, while in other groups highly interesting new subspecies were discovered,
as, for examjde, in the genera .Uliu\ Pitta, and Graucaltis.
The collection shows the following interesting facts : —
]. The ornis of the ishui<ls of the nortluirn chain — i.r. (ho three islands of
Bougainville, Choiseul aud Isaljcl— i.s generally alike ; only in comparatively few
cases representative subspecies are found on the various islands of the northern
chain.
17
( ^44 )
L'. The onn> <if' these northern islauJs ditlers remarkably t'njm tliat of the
New Georgia, or central gruuji, as we may cull it.
iS. The fanua of the islands of this central group — i.e. the islands of (Mmi,
or Guizo, Kulambangra, Hendova, and New Georgia — is generally the same ; only
iu a very few cases rej)resentative forms are found on these islands, wliile nearly
always (except when the same forms are spread over tiie wiiole, or nearly the whole,
archipelago) the forms from the northern chain, as well as those finm (iuadalcanar,
differ from those of the central group.
4. We can thus distinguish the following geographical group.i of islands iu
the Solomon Arehi]ielago :
(a) The northern chain (Bougainville, Choiseul, Isabel).
(4) The central group (New Georgia, Kulambangra, Gizo, Uendova).
((■) The Guadalcanar group ((Iuadalcanar and Florida).
((■/) The southern group (.San (Jliristoval, Ugij.
The large islands of RIalaita and Rennel, as well as mauy smaller, less
important islets, remain iinkuowu, but we hope that collections from some of
them will reach us before long, as well as from San Oristoval, which has many
very distinct birds, not yet represented in the Tring Museum.
Mr. Meek is to be congratulated on haviug achieved a visit to Choiseul
and Bougainville, which are probably aruong the most difficult islands to visit,
on account of the want of communication and the hostility of the natives, and
we hope that he will long continue his successful explorations of the islands
of the Papuan Region.
1. Megapodius duperreyii eremita Hartl.
l-Mei/apudius duptrmjii Lesson & Garn., Bull. Si:i. Xat. viii p. ll.i (1820 — Dorej).]
Megapodiiis eremita Hart!., P. Z. S., 1867, p. 830 (Echiquier Is.).
3 c?c?, 2 ??, Eendova, February and March 1904 (Nos. A. 1214, 12U4,
1333, 1345, 1380).
" Iris hazel (brown) : feet black (greenish slate) ; bill dull yellow (yellowish)."
1 pull, Choiseul, 8. xii. 1903 (No. A. 892).
1 J, 3 ??, 1 pull, Bougainville, April and May 1904 (Nos. A. 1519, 1533,
1656, 1715, 1765).
An egg from Choiseul is of a vinaceous flesh-colour, and measures 81-5 x
oOo mm.
2. Ptilinopus superba (Temm.).
Cuhimba siijierhii Temmirick, in Knip, /,(',« I'ii/eniis^ p. 75, pi. 3:5 (ISll —
•2 6S, New Georgia, March, 1904 (Nos. A. 139(5, 1432).
2 SS, Reudova, February and March 1904 (Nos. A. 1348, 1473).
1 (?, 1 ?, Choisenl, December 1903 (Nos. A. 1002, 1031).
4 (?(J, 2 ? ?, r.ongainviiie, April 1904 (Nos. A. 1491, 152.0, 159ii, ]V,:>V,, 1(;62,
1U72).
"Iris yellow (pale yellowish); feet imridish red: bill, S green-slate
(slate ?).■' "
An egg was taken oh Ch.iiseul ou .January IKli, 19m|. It is very smooth,
though without gloss, of a milky while, and measures 32 x 210 mm.
( 245 )
3. Ptilinopus solomouensis solomonensis Gra}'.
PtiliJiiujtiis suloiHuneiisi.-: Gray, Ami. i( Ma,/. Sid. Hist. (4) v. p. :^2K ^1870—? "Solomon
Islands ").
1 S, New Georgia, '.). iii. 10ii4 CNo, A. 1416).
" Iris _yellow ; feet ])iir[ilish reil : bill green-slate."
2 ? ¥, Heuduva, February 19(i4 (Nos. A. 1187, 1265).
4. Ptilinopus lewisii lewisii Kams.
Ptilujjus kwisii Ramsay, Pjv/r. Liim. Soc. N.S. Wales vi. p. 724 (1881— cc oj). eit. iv., 1879, pp. 73,
74 : '' Lango ; Gaudalcanar ").
1 ¥, llendova, 5. ii. 10U4 (No. A. 1186).
1 c?, 3 ? ?, Gizo, November 1903 (Nos. A. 713, 730, Sll, 851).
2 (?c?, 1 ?, Choisenl, December 19u3 (Nos. A. 951, 1U03, 1059).
1 c?, Bougainville, 22. iv. 1904 (No. A. 1623).
" Iris yellow (dull yellow, reddish yellow) ; feet dark purple (purplish red) ;
liill bright straw-yellow fgreenish yellow)."
5. Carpophaga rufigula Salvad.
Cai-j/ophaija rufiyula Salvador), Atti R. Ace. Sc. Turiiiu xiii. p. 53G (1878 — San Christoval
Solomon Is.).
2c??, Rendova, February 1004 (Nos. A. 1323, 1337).
2 J (J, Gizo, October 1903 (Nos. A. 024, 625).
1 (S, Bougainville, 7. v. 19o4 (No. A. 1754).
"Iris dark red; feet purplish red (bright purple) ; bill dark slate-colour."
We have nut been able to compare examples from San Christoval !
0. Carpophaga pristinaria Bp.
Carpophayii prislhiaria Bonaparte, C'nnxji. Av. ii. p. 3G (1854—" St. George Island ").
2 c?(J, 1 (? ?, Gizo, October and November 1903 (Nos. A. 027, 071, 740).
1 ?, Choiseul, 18. .^ii. 19n3 (No. A. 971).
3 c?cf, 2 ? ?, Bougainville, April and May 19o4 (Nos. A. 1554, 106.5, 1074,
1728, 1733).
Two eggs, belonging to the ? No. A. 971, were taken on Choiseul, 18. .\ii. 1903.
They are white, almost without any gloss, and measure 47 x 33'2 and 52 x 33 mm.
7. Columba philippanae (Uams.)??
hinlhixiinsphilipiniiine (sic ! ) Ramsay, Pruc. Linn. Sue. N. S. Wale.-', \i. p. 721 (1881 — Ugi, Solomon Is.).
1 juv. (" S ?") Choiseul, 8. xii. 1903 (No. A. S91).
" Iris and feet dirty yellow, bill slaty."
1 cj fere ad., Bougainville, lo. iv. 1904 (No. A. 149i)).
" Iris yellow and red ; feet pale yellow ; bill slate and dull red."
As there are, to our knowledge, no specimens of C. pldli ppamw , nor of the
closely allied C. jjallidiceps from Duke of York Island, in Europe, we are not
able to say if our specimens belong to either of them. We are inclined to think
that they belong to a third subspecies, but may be philippaHae. The crowns are
( 246 )
moulting- into freueli grey, the throats are wbitish jrrey. The feathers of the
Uody-iilnmage above are slaty or brownish blaik with wide opalescent greenish
and reddish tips, those of the under surface slate-grey, widely tipped with ojuilesceut
glossy green on the breast, more narrowly and less distinctly on the abdomen.
8. Macropygia rufa rufocastauea Kams.
Mmrop'jyia m/vcaslanea Ramsay, I'luc. Linn, S,u: X .S'. Il'/z/is iv. p. 314 ( 1«79— Lango. fiuadal-
canar).
1 ?, Reudova, 24. ii. r.Mi4 (Xo. A. 1364).
2 c?<?, 2 ? ?, New Georgia, 7, 8, lu. iii. 19tl4 (Nos. A. 1:51»7, Mii4, Uvll, 14:!1).
1 ?, Choiseul, :.'■!. .\ii. 10u3 (No. A. luos).
1 <J, Bougainville, ll'. v. 1904 (No. A. i:;?).
"Iris yellowish red icrimson) : feet red ; bill black."
0. Coryphoenas crassirostris (Gould).
Turacoena cnissiroslris Gould, P. Z. .S. ISoli, p. l.'iij (Guadalcauar).
1 ? ad., 1 ? jnv., Hendova, 'JO. ii. 10(14 (Nos. A. 1378, 1370).
" Iris yellow (dull yellow in the young) ; feet purplish red (black in the yoiuig) ;
bill brick-red in the adult."
10. Chalcophaps stephani mortoni Rams.
Chahophaps moiioni Ramsay, Pi-o'-. Linn. Soc. X. S. ]]'ule.i vi. p. 725 (1881 — Ugi, Solomon Is.).
2 c?(?, Rendova, 17, 28. ii. 1904 (Nos. A. 1324, 1384).
2 ? ?, New Georgia, 9. iii. 1904 (Nos. A. 1409, 1414).
4 cJcJ, Gizo, 28. X. ; 1, 2, lO. si. 1903 (Nos. A. 063, 711, 717, 873).
1 c?, 1 ?, 1 ? juv., Choiseul, 7, 28, 29. xii. 1903 (Nos. A. 887, 1060, 1004).
o Sd, 1 ?, Bougainville, 11, 15, 20, 21. iv. ; 5. v. 1904 (Nos. A. 1493, 1539,
1541, 1.595, 1007, 173.5),
The young ? differs from the adnlt in having the top of the head aud hind-
neck chestnut without any jdum-coloured tinge and without grey on the forehead.
" Iris brown ; feet bright red ; bill yellow."
11. Phlegoenas beccarii iutermedia snbspec. nov.
Subspeciei P/il. beri:urii jolicniine dictae simillima, sed abdomine piiUiore,
purpnrascentiore, jngulo grisescentiore.
This new form is nearest to Flil. hcfi\ johintiKii-, but differs by the less whitish
foreneck and chest, which are more greyish, and by the colour of the abdomen,
which is darker and more purplish bronze. The bronze colour nf tbe upperside has
a more greenish, less reddish tinge.
Type : 6 ad., Bougainville, 17. iv. 1904, No. A. 1569, A. 8, Meek coll.
Mr. Meek sent, in .iddition to the type, flic following two specimens :
6 ad.. New Georgia, 14. iii. 1904 (No. A. 1461).
cJ ad., Gizo, 14. ii. 1903 (No. A. 85n).
These two specimens from the New Georgia group are more reddish bronze
above, and the abdomen appears to be slightly darker. It is quite jwssible that
( 247 )
we have here a further snhsppoicp, but until more specimens, especially from
Bougainville, can be esamiued, this (jucstion must remain in abeyance.
" Iris brown (dark brown) ; feet red (dark red, bright purplish red) ; bill black."
There is no doubt that beccarii, johannae, solomoncnsis (= granti), arc sub-
si)ecies of one sjiecies. Pld. beccarii solomonensin Cirant 188S (= r/mnfi, Salvadori
1893), differs from intermedia in being considerably largor and much more pnrjjlish
on the back, while the grey colour of the throat is darker. We do not reject
soiomoneusis Grant on account of there being already a salomonis Rams., the two
names being olivinnsly different. We also think it very likely that the speeiiuous
called bei-riirii from British New (Juinea will eventually be separable, as the only
Arfak skin we have seen is less greenish above.
1~. Microgoura meeki liothsch.
Min-of/oiim meel-i Rothschild, Bull. B. n. r. xiv. p. 7>< fMay 1004) ; (.Vm-, Znnl 1904, PI. XXI.).
S ? ad. Bill chalky blue, tip black, lower mandible reddish. Short velvety
feathers on chin ; lores, sides of mouth and line over the foreliead black. Top of
head and scanty feathers on sides of same pale greyish blue ; crest-feathers pale
bluish grey, rather uniform, but not spotty, as in the plate. Chest and mantle
bluish grey. Lower back and rump greyish brown : upper tail-coverts dark brown
with purplish and greenish relle.xinns ; primaries drab-brown, inner webs with a
greyish tinge ; secondaries dull cinnamon, inner webs more or less greyish brown.
Wing-coverts greyish brown. Eectrices dark purple. Breast and abdomen bright
rufous-cinnamon. Under tail-coverts glossy brownish black, with cinnamon edges.
Under wing-coverts bright cinnamon. Wing, S 195 to 197, ? about 180 to
19(1 ram. ; tail 100 to 1(I5 ; bill, from base of cere, 34 to 3.5 ; metatarsus 60 ;
middle tf)e with claw 40, hind toe with claw about 13 mm.
This remarkable new pigeon agrees with none of the known genera, so that
a new one had to be created for it. The cere is naked to the forehead, the soft
portion from the end of the hard rhamphotheca to the feathering on the forehead
being nearly 25 mm. long, and about 13 mm. wide at the base of the forehead.
A large flat crest, consisting of feathers with segregated barbs, rising from the
occiput. Remiges very hard and stiff. Tail short and rounded. Feet and legs
bare to above the heel-joint, covered in front with scutes, which, however, become
indistinct on the upper third.
Mr. Meek sent seven specimens, of which six are in the Tring Museum.
3 JcJ, 3 ? ?, Choiseul, January l'.)04 (Nos. A. 1091, 1094, 1108, 1109, IIM,
1120).
An egg was taken on Jaimary loth. It is of a rich cream-colour, and measures
43 X 31-3 mm.
13. Caloeuas nicobarica (L.).
Culumbu nicuharka Linnaeus, tiyst. Xut. ed x. p. liU (1758 : "Habitat in insula Nicombar prope
Pegu iudicum ").
1 <?, 2 ¥ ?, Rendova, February 1904 (Nos. A. 1181, 1271, 130.-.).
1 cJ, 2 ? ?, Gizo, October 19ii3 (Nos. A. OGu, 079, 080).
1 c?, 1 ?, Choiseul, January 1904 (Nos. A. 1122, 1150).
1 c?, 1 ?, Bougainville, April and May 1904 (Nos. A. 1000, 1770).
(248 )
14. Eulabeornis woodfordi (Grant) (?)
Italliiia iconrlfnrili Grant, Ann. iC Mn,/. X.iL 1 1, si. (lii iv. p. ?,H\ (ISSII: fiuadalcannr) : Cil. B. Brit.
Mils, xxiii. p. 50, pi. vii.
(? ?, Bnng.iinvillo, 30. iv., 5. v. 1004 (Nos. A. 17(iO, 1734).
"Iris dark red : feet, S slate, ? |)alp ashy lilne : bill sjati*."
Of Enlabeornis irofld/orfli cmly tjic \\\\c in tlie I'.ritisli Mnsoniii ii|i|ii';irs
to be known. Our birds, wliicli arc a]i|iari'ntly ailult, agree fairly well with
the type, though not in all details. The bill is in the skins whitish, yellowish
and slaty towards the base. The description as " slate "' on the labels is apparently
made "cum grano salis." The type of A', iroodfordi has a blackish bill. The
under tail-coverts have white spots. Wing, $ 155, ? 148; bill, i (from end
of feathering) 43 ; metatarsns about 00 mm.
^Ve doubt that the type is " immature."
15. Porphyrio smarag'dinus Temm.
Poijihyrio smrimgiliiiii.'i Temminok. I'l. Cnl. v. Taf. -I'Jl ( 18'jfi : Banda, .Java).
c? ad. ChoisenI, 11. xii. l'.Mi3 (No. A. DlTj.
10. Nycticorax mandibularis Grant.
Xi/clironix iiKiinlihiiJiirls Grant. P. Z H. ISsH. p. i03 (Guudalcaiiar ).
1 i ad., 1 ? ad,, 1 i jnv.. Hendova, February 10ii4 (Nos. A. 1197, 1288,
1307).
" Bill black, lower mandible greenish yellow with blackish ti]i.'"
Thongh a distinct form, X mandibularis is probably tlie representative
subspecies of N. cah'doni'-K.i on the Solomon Islands.
17. Anas superciliosa pelewensis Hartl. & Finsdi.
[Ana.'! superciliosa Gmelin, .%.sV. Xal. i. 2. p. [).i7 (17H.S : ex Latham — " li.ib. in Nova Seplandia ").]
Anas siijierriliosu mr. peli iri nsis Hartl. & Flnsch, P. Z. S. lH7'i. p. 108 (Pelew Islands).
There is no doubt that the specimens from the Pelew Islands, Samoa, Fiji,
and most conspicuously those from the Solomon Islands, are very much smaller
(wings 1 to 2h inches shorter, bill smaller, etc.) than those from Austi'alia
and New Zealand. To emphasize this fact we use the above nomenclature.
A. s. pelewensis is the only available name for the small race. Anas leiicoplirys
Forster (1844) refers to the New Zealand form. Anas miilleri Bonaparte (1856)
is a nomen nudum I There is, nevertheless, one difficulty : the specimens from the
Kangean Islands, near Java, and those from Java, are also as small, or nearly
as small as those from the South Sea Islands, while those from Savu, Timor
and Snmba are of the big race. The question, tlierefore, arises whether there
are two small races, one in the Pacific and another on the Snnda Islands, or whether
all tlipse form one small race. Against the first possibility stands the fact,
that all (hose small birds are— at least so it seems to us, after having examined
a lew e.\am]iles only ! — api>iireiitly alike, ;inil with the second possibility the
distribution does not seem to agree very well. At present we can, therefore,
only emphasize the fact that there is, besides the larger Ana.<i superciliosa
superciliosa from New Zealand and Australia, a small race in the Pacific, which
we call A. superciliosa pelewensis.
( 249 )
Mr. Meek sent the followiiin- specimens :
3 (^ J, 1 ¥. Eendova, February 19n4 (Nos. A. 1254, ]25o, 1200, 1344).
1 (?, Cboisenl, 10. xii. 1903 (No. A. 977).
2 t?c?, Bougainville, May 1904 (Nos. A. 1707, 1771).
"Iris cliocolatc-browu ; feet dull tan-colonr (liglit tan) ; bill lilack (slate)."
18. Astur albogularis (Gray).
An'ipiter alhor/iilari.'' Gray, Ann. Nat. //is/. (4) v. p. 1)27 (1870 : San Chi'istoval).
Aslur holomeius Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1888. p. 182 (Aola, Guadalcanar).
.Is/Hi' wnuilforili Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1888. p. 183 (Guadalcanar),
.■\slur rersiciilnr Ramsay, Prnn_ Linn. Siir. X. .S. W'ale.^, vi. ]i. 718 (1882 : Ugi, near San Christoval).
(Cf. Nor. Zool. 1901. pp. 379, 380.)
Asf/n- albogularis and woodfonli were separated, because the latter has
a vinous collar on the hind-neck. We have found tliat specimens with this
collar occur side by side with others without any indication of it, and others
again, in which it is more or less indicated and developed. This clearly shows
that it is no specific character. ^Vheu .1. rcraicolov was descrilied, it was suggested
that it might be a melanistic aberration of nlhofiidriris, and when /w/omela.s was
named the suggestion was made that it might be a melanism of iroodfordi.
We iSoi-. Zool. 1001, p. 380) also suggested the probability of the black
birds being melanistic examples of .1. ulhogidarh (= icoodj'oi-di). Now we
cannot any longer doubt that this is the case. We have an adult male from
Ghoiseul (No. A. 1105) which has the throat and chest slaty black, towards
the abdomen mixed with greyish and white, while the abdomen, thighs and
under tail-cnverts are pure wliite. Another male is white below with one small
black isli spot on the chest and a vinous-rufous collar above, which encroaches
on the underside, a third white below without a collar on the upper surface.
It is thus evident that we have a black-and-white species which varies
very much, and is spread over most of the Soloraou Islands— in striking opposition
to the grey-and-rufons species, which is rather constant in any given locality,
but varies locally, thus being separable into a number of subspecies.
Great as the variation is among the adult birds, it is equally striking in
the young birds. A male from Rendova has the upperside blackish brown and
rufous, the central rectrices slaty grey, gradually merging into jiale cinnamon
with a grey wash on the outer rectrices, all being barred with blackish bands.
Underside rusty buff, each feather with a longitudinal lanceolate spot in tlie middle,
but those of the throat and under tail-coverts uniform, those of the flanks with wide
dark brown bars. A female from ( 'hoiseul is above much more dark cinnamon,
with less black, the middle rectrices more tinged with cinnamon, the underside
bright cinnamon with brown stripes on the throat, and brown, variously shaped
cross-markings on the rest of the underside. Another female from Choiseul has
the chest and breast narrowly barred witli brown, on a cream-coloured ground,
while a male from the same island has much wider and deeper brown bars. The
heads and hind-necks of these birds are white with liroad black tips to the feathers.
1 S jnv., Eendova, 24. ii. 1904 (No. A. 1372).
1 S ad., New Georgia, 11. iii. 1904 (No. A. 144u).
3 cJc? ad., 2 ?¥ jnv., 1 $ juv., Choiseul, December loo:',, -huinary 10ii4
(Nos. A. 913, 980, 1040,' 1105, 1125, 1102).
" Adults : Iris cadmium-yellow (dirty yellow in a bird moulting from the
( 250 )
juveuile plumage, but raonlt nlmost completed) (dark brown in No. 1105 — (?) — )
(golden yellow); c? juv. lemon-yellow; ? jnv. yellow; feet in adults (lemon)
yellow, in young ones also yellow ; liill lil;ie,k (slate, bluish slate) ; in young
blue-slate with black tip."
The young female, No. 3i.'4S Meek coll., described Xoi: Zoo/. IO113, p. r.ni, nf
which we already suggested tliat it might imf belcnig to A. ruforc/i/K/'iri'i/.i, is also
a young A. alhogularis.
10. Astur etorques rubianae snbsp. nov.
Axliir supra cino schistacpus, subtus satin ate nifo-cinnamomeus,— Subspeciei .I.e. riifnsdiixliirriis
dictae similis, sed minor, coloribus saturatioribus, pullioriljus. r? al. 10.5 — '200, $ al. 206 —
214 mm.
llab. Rubiana (New Georgia); Gizo, lieiidova {'I'f/jir : ? ad. Gizo, •!'. xi.
1903, No. A. 652. A. S. Meek coll.)
2 cJad., 2 ? ad., Rendova, February 1904 (Nos. A. .1199, 120n, 12(i>i, 1341).
1 S fere ad., 1 ¥ jnv., New Georgia, March 1904 (Nos. A. Uln, 14.")4).
1 ? ad., fiizo, 37. xi. 19o:^ (No. A. 6.i2).
"Iris reddish brown (bright chocolate;; feet cadmium (liright yellow); bill
black, cere yellow."
2i>. Astur etorques rufoschistaceus R. A H.
AxIki- riifnuhhtnreiis Rothsch. & Hai-f.. Nor. Znnl. 1002, p. 5011 (Isabel).
2 c?ad., 2 ? ad., 1 S juv., 1 ? juv., Choiscul, Deci'mber 1903 (Nos. A. S85, 904,
978, 1032, 10S2, ln,s3).
" Ad. : Iris dark brown ; feet cadmium ; bill blarlc."
21. Astur etorques bougaiuvillei subsp. unv.
Astur subspeciei -1. e. rvfoschhtairns diclae persimilis, sed colore cinerco dorsi, colli, capitisqne
pallidiore, necnon .statura miiiore, baud difficile di-<tiiiguendns. Al. jj 194— 1 Oil mm.
Hah. Bongainville Island. ( 7}///*', No. A. ].").")(j. A. S. Meek coll.)
i". (?c? ad., Bougainville Island, April 1904 (Nos. ir>r..-|, ir,ll, jOl'.i, |(i.-i9, KWii).
" Iris brown : feet cadmium ; bill black."
The rufous-aud-grey Astur-group.
In Xor. y.ool. 190l, p. 3.>0, we nulled .\.fUir jiKlrlirlbi.'i Wams. and .1. .s//c//f>c
Sharpe, and in Nor. Znol. 1902, p. 590, we described .1. riifo.wliist(icfiiiK from Isabel
as a new subspecies. We were right in considering .{. shcbac to be a synonym
of A. /tKlchelliis, but not when we concluded from this that the birds from New
Georgia were identical with those from Guadalcanar.
Pr. Ramsay most clearly described a bird with ]iale thighs, and Dr. Sharpe,
thi'refcire, was wrong in taking the form with dark thighs from the central gronp
0.9. jiiili'Iii'llii.^, Siw\ separating from it the Guadalcanar bird with pale thighs. The
difficulty is, that Dr. Ramsay gave as the original locality of his puleheUns " Cape
Pitt," and later on " Cape Pitt, dluadalcanar." As "Cape Pitt" we find marked
on all maps the soutliernninst jioint of New (ieorgia.. There must therefore have
been an error in the original statement, either that a place on (iuadalcanar was called
Cape Pitt, or that there was some other misnnderstanding, because it is iierfectly
clear that Dr. Ramsay described the pale-legged form from Guadalcanar, which
( 251 )
is represented on the New Georgia gronp (New Georgiii or Hnbiana, Knlani-
Langra, Gnizo and Rendova) by one with dark thighs. A carefnl comparison
of the material from the Solomon Islands brings us to the conclusion that the
following forms are distinguishable :
1. Asfiir etorqxes etorqi/cs Salvad., 1ST8 — New Guinea and some of the
adjacent islands. Colonr of ujiper throat grej-ish, generally with traces of bars,
and more or less merging into that of the breast and abdomen. Many appa-
rently adult specimens have partly barred undersides. Probably some of the
forms found on the small islands are again separable.
2. Astiir efoi-i/iies (lumpicri Gurney, 1882 — Bismarck Arcliipelago. Differs
apparently in being paler and in having lighter under wing-coverts. We have
only seen a few specimens.
3. Astur etorques bougainvillei snbsp. nov. — Bougainville Island, northern
Solomon Islands, and Shortland group. This and all the other forms from the
Solomon Islands have the throat and chin grey, sharply divided from the rufous-
cinnamon underside. Upper surface pale grey, lighter than in .1. e. nifoschiataceKn.
Wing, i, 194—109 mm.
4. Aiitur I'torqi/es rufoscJiistaceiis Rothsch. & Hart., liM)2 — Isabel and Choiseul
Islands, northern Solomon Islands. Very similar to A. e. boiiyaindlli'i, but the
upper surface a little darker; wings longer, cf, wing 212 — 22ii mm., ?, wing
24()— 251 mm.
5. Astur etorgi/es jnih-Iiellus Rams. 1881. — Guadalcanar and Florida Islands,
Solomon group. At once distingnishable by its light thighs and under wing-
coverts.
6. Astur etorques rubianae subsp. nov. — Ruliiaua (New Georgia) group : New
(ieorgia, Rendova, (iizo. Darker and smaller than J. i\ riif'osckistfirpvs, especially
the under surface of a deeper, nearly chestnut colour. Wing, c? 19.5 — 200 ; ¥
211— 214 mm.
22. Baza subcristata gurueyi Rams.
llii'ji fiitrnri/i Ramsaj', Jmirtt. Linn. .S'f.c., /fno/. xvi. p. l;-iO (1881 : S<iIomoii Islands). (Cf. X'it\ Znol.
1901, p. 3711.)
2 (?t?, 4 ? ?, Rendova, February 19n4 (Nos. A. 123ti, 1238, 12."iO, l',>:,2, l:U3,
1362).
2 c?c?, Gizo, November 19(i:', (Nos. A. rr)T, 821).
2 cJd", 1 ?, Choiseul, January 1904 (Nos. A. 1080, llol, 1152).
. 3 ? Y, Bougainville, Aiiril, May 1904 (Nos. A. 1633, 1749, 1750).
" Iris chrome-yellow (liright yellow) ; feet pale slate (horn-colour) ; bill slate
and black (blue-slate and black)."
23. Palco severus Horsf
Fahii serrnis Horsfipld, Trans. Zuol. Soc. xiii. p. 135(18'J1 : Java).
1 "?," Gizo, Solomon Islands, 12. xi. 1003 (No. A. 83(1).
" Iris dark brown ; feet lemon-yellow ; bill black, slaty at base."
Messrs. Meyer & Wigleswortli have separated three races of this species
(B. of Celebes, i. p. 84).
1. F(dco severus ir/f/irtis from India. Said to be jialer aliove, with a brownish
slaty tail, and with tail and wings barred below on the inner webs.
( 252 )
'2. Ffilro secerns srrerus from the Malavaii Arclii]i(l:i2;o. Intermediate between
/■'. s. iiidicua and /'. s. jjapiianus.
3. Falco secerns papuamts from New Guinea. Said to lie darker above and
below, with darker tail and entirely nnbanded wings and tail.
The e.xaminatiou of onr material clearly shows tliat the snjiposed " pupuantis''''
is not separable from typical secerns. The anthors of " papuaniis " shonld have
liesitated in naming it from their scanty material. They were evidently not
aware that tlie bars on the underside of tiie wings and tail disappear in old birds,
while they are most prononuced in yonng ones.
Witli regard to the Indian subspecies we cannot speak confidently, bnt the
few specimens which we were able to compare seem to confirm the theory of
Messrs. Meyer & Wiglcswortli that it is a lighter form. In that case we wonld
have to recognise one form which is spread all over the archipelago, another
inhabiting continental India and Ceylon.
~M. Pseudoptynx solomoueusis Hart.
PM'iidipti/ii.r S(i/o/HowH.</s Hartert, Bull. B. (). C. Nov. I'.lOl. p. 25 (Isabel).
2 c?<?, Ohoisenl, January 1904 (Nos. A. 1123, 1142). "Iris chrome-yellow;
feet ashy grey ; bill blackish (slate), tip whitish."
2;"!. Ninox jacqiiinoti (B]i.).
Alldiie jiiajiiiniili Bonaparte, Consp. .[e. i. p. 42 (l,s."iO ; ex Ilombron & Jacqu. ; hab. '■ Oceania."
Typ. loc, " San Jorge, lies Salomon," vide Jacqu. & Pucberan). (C'f. Xoi\ Znul. 1002, p. 502.)
3 (?(?, 3 ? ?, C'hoiseul, December 10ii:i (Nos. A. 910, Oil, ',)14, 015, 1(I48, 1049).
2 <?(?, 2 ? ?, Bongainvillo, April, May 1004 (No.s. A. Io05, 1500, 150", 1772).
20, Eos^cardinalis (Orny).
Larius canlinalis (i. R. firay, Gm. B., .ij'j'. p. 20 (IsJil : ex Hombr iV Jacq.. Solomon Islands).
5 <?(?,! ?, Rendova, February 1904 (Nos. A. 1 100, 12o7. 121 fi, 1253, 1270,
1351).
2c??, Gizo, October 1003 (Nos. A. 020, 020).
3 <?(?, 1 ?, Choiseul, December 1903 (Nos. A. 930, 940, 953, lolO).
5 c?(?, 1 ?, Bougainville, April 1004 (Nos. 1487, 15o2, 1527, 1550, 1502, 1612).
A young bird from Choiseul resembles the old ones, but the red is duller, the
bill for the most part blackish. This beautiful Parrakeet seems to occur on the
Solomon Islands only, but there it is apparently common on all the larger and
median islands, at least on those from which we have received collections.
27. Trichoglossus haematodus massena Bp.
Trichoglossus masuna Bonaparte, lier. S .Mar/, ih Zoal. 1854, p. 157 (" Insulae Polynesiae "). (Cf.
Nov.Zool lil01,pp. 70, IKC).)
2 cJtJ, Kendova, February 10U4 (Nos. A. 12.S7, 1371).
3 c?(?, 2 ? ?, New Georgia, March 1904 (Nos. A. 1420, 1426, 1427, 1435, 1430).
4 (?(J, 2 ? 9, Gizo, November 1003 (Nos. A. 770, 777, 789, 790, 791, 700).
2 (?t?, 2 ? ?, Choiseul, December 10u3 (Nos. A. 881, 090, 994, 999).
3 cJcJ, 2 ? ?, Bougainville, Ajuil 1004 (Nos. A. 1550, l-lOO, 1039, 1609, 1686,
1088).
( 253 )
The abdomen is geiii'r.illy green, the upper portion with red, the lower ones
with yellow bases to tlie feathers ; bnt in some there is a rather distinct blne-blnck
line between the red breast and the green abdomen, while a male (No. A. O'Jil) from
New Georgia has a large bine-black patch covering the npper part of the abdomen.
In the specimens from the Solomon Islands the green nnchal band is generally,
but not always, interrnpted in the middle, while in those from New Guinea and the
Lonisiades it is more regularly complete and generally more yellowish. There is,
however, no constancy in these characters.
~s. Charmosynopsis placentis pallidior subsp. no v.
Similis snlispeciei Ch. j>J<n-f,ih^ ^oihjthir. ,i^ dift.-if, soil col. ice supra pailiiliore, macula aurieulari
dilutiore di?tingiienda.
4 <? c^, 2 ? ? , Bougainville, end of April and tirst half of May 1 WW fNos. A. inoo,
1714, 1717, 1721, 1757, 175K).
" Iris, cJ red, ? dull yellowish red ; feet dull red ; bill rose-madder (red)."
"While the specimens from Bougainville, the only island of the Sidomons
whence we know of this bird, agree with those from New Britain, New Ireland, and
New Hanover, those from the mountains of Britisli New Guinea are darker green
above, and have the auricular jiatch much lighter. We have thus three subspecies :
1. Cli. j/lricciitiii placeiitiii (Temm.). Original locality Utanata, Dutch New
Guinea. With a large blue patch on the uropygium !
•-!. Ch. /ilaci'nfix suhplid-ciis (Scl.). Original locality, mountains nearNaiabni in
8.E. New Guinea. Without a blue jiatch on the uropygium, colnur of ujiper surface
darker green, blue anricidar patch darker blue.
3. Cli. jdacentis palliilior \io\hich. kW-'AvX. Type: c? ad. Bougainville, 8. v.
Km;i4, No. A. 1757, Meek coll. Without a blue patch on the nrojiyginm, colour of
ujiper surface paler green, auricular jiatch lighter blue ; wings generally slightly
shorter.
Specimens from German New Guinea, Milne Bay, and Woodlark Island seem
to be somewhat intermediate between Hubj/lacrns ta\A paUi(liflr,hni we have only
examined a few.
We see no reason for distinguishing between the genera ('//an/w.'^f/i/njis/s and
" IIiiporhftriiw.ttiDar
2'.i. Charmosyuopsis marg'arethae (Tristr.).
Cliiirmrixi/iiii iiriiyiii-elliai- Tristram, Ibix 1879, p. 44l', )i1. .\ii. (Ugi and San Cristoval, S.ilonnui
Islands). (Cf. Xrw. Z„nl. li>01, pp. 1S7, .37H.)
1 ? immat., Bougainville, i. v. 10ti4 (No. A. 17n8).
" Iris dull red ; feet tan-colour ; bill dull red."
;!0. Eclectus pectoralis salomonensis liothsch. & Hart.
Eclerlus pectoralis xnhniimiciiih Rothsch. it H.irt., .Yni'. Znn}, UiOl, p. 82 (various Solomon Islands,
type from Fauro).
1 S, Kendova, February 1904 (No. A. I:i75).
1 ?, New Georgia, March 1004 (No. A. 1417).
2 c?tJ, Gizo, October, Novend)er VMVi (Nos. A. (i54, 77n).
4cJcJ,2 ??, Bougainville, April, May 1904 (Nos. 1515, 15'.i7, lflG(5, 1C.70,
1731, 1759).
( 254 )
:il. Geoffroyus heteroclitus (Ilomlir. ^^ .T^u-i].).
Ps:iliic>ii! Ginft'ioi/i heteroi-litiis Horabr. & Jacci., Ami Snc. XiiL [,. ser. xvi. p. 310 (ISU : "Saint
Jorge et Ysabel, lies Salomon ').
2 (JcJ, 1 ?, Rendova, February li)04 (Nos. A. llOs, v:2^, 1228).
3 cJc?, New Georgia, Mareh 1004 (Nos. A. 1401, 140."), 1413).
3 c?c?, 1 ?, Gizo, October, November 1903 (Nos. A. 019, G.Jl, TOT, 838).
2 JcJ, 2 ? ?, Clioisenl, December 1903, January 1904 (Nos. A. 92;"., lOls,
I'llO, 11192).
3 cT ad., 1 ?,1 J jnv., Bongaiuville, April uiid Muy l'."i4 (Nos. A. 1.'>1(>,
1013, 1T07, 1T2T, 1T41).
" Iris ivory white (dull whitish in young) ; feet greenish shite ; bill lihuk ;
upper mandible more or less yellow."
32. Nasiterna aolae tristrami Rothsch. & Hart.
Xiixileriin triMranu Rothsch, & Hart., X(n\ /.uol. VMM, p. tA<:\ (Kulambangra).
4 (Jc?, 4 ? ?, Gizo, October and November 1903 (Nos. A. Oil, T2s, 804, 824,
84T, 848, 852, 85T).
1 (?, 2 ? ?, New Georgia, March 10u4 (Nos. A. 1399, 1400, 140ii).
1 S,2 ? ?, Rendova, February 19(t4 (Nos. A. 1259, 1200, 1383).
" Iris red (yellowisli red) ; feet ashy blue (pale slate) ; bill blackish shite
(slate)."
We know this form now from Kulambangra, Rendova, New Georgia, and Gizo.
33. Nasiterna aolae nanina Tristr.
Ntisilrrnn nauhm Tristram, Ihis 1891, p. G08 (Isabell. (Cf. Xn,-. Zn.d. 1901, p. 18H, iriOl'.p. im.)
5 3S,'i ? ?, Choisenl, December 1903 (Nos. A. 865, 895, Iniiii, initO, KH.".,
111-24, 11125).
3 iS, Rougainville, April 1904 (Nos. A UTS, lOTT, lT."iO)-
" Iris red (yellowish red, dull yellow) ; feet ashy blue : bill dark shite (Mack).
AVe know this form now from Isabel, Choiseul, and Bougainville.
34. Cacatua ducorpsii 'lar(|. iV I'nch.
Ciicaliia ni!mr/:s!: .Tacq. & Pnrh I"..//. Poh S,i,l, Znnl iii p. 108 (18a-2 : " lies Salomon ").
2 ? ? , Rendova, February 19ii4 (Nos. A. 1306, 1352).
1 (J, New Georgia, March 1904 (No. A. 1398).
2 (?<J. Bougainville, May 1904 (Nos. A. ITOl, ITT.^).
35. Eurystomus solomonensis Sharpe.
• Kiirijxtnmiis unlomonensis Sharpe, I'.Z S. 18;)0, p. ^ib2 (Ugi).
3 c?c?, 3 ? ?, New Georgia, March 1904 (Nos. A. 1410, 1425, 1433, 144.S 1440,
U4T).
1 (J, Bougainville, May 1004 (No. A. 1T29).
The younger individuals have the upper mandible dark lirown, but tlie adult
ones (jnite red.
( 255 )
30. Alcedo ispida salomonensis subsji. iiov.
TLe ceutral group of tliL' Soluiuou Islauds, Gizo, Uendova, and presumably also
New Georgia, are inhabited by a beautiful, very blue and brightly coloured race of
Kingfishers, which differs from its nearest ally, Alcedo ispiih hiipidoldes, as follows :
The middle of the back and rump, as well as the tips to the feathers of the crown
and hindneck, are purplish blue, instead of light or cobalt-blue; the cheek-stripe is
very deep blue, not light blue ; the feathers behind the eye bluish black ; wiug-
coverta deep blue, with lighter, more purplish blue tips ; the patches on the sides
of the chest blue-black ; the bill is usually higher. Type : S ad.. No. A. 1244,
Rendova, H). ii. 19(J4, A. S. Meek coll.
While the series from Rendova and Gizo is easily recognisable from the
characters given above, the few skins from Guadalcanar and Treasury Islands,
though certainly more blue and very much like the birds from Gizo and Rendova,
are somewhat intermediate between A. i. hispiiloidex and mlomonensin. The forms
A. i. hcuyalensiSjjioresiana, and Idspidoides have been discussed in former volumes
of the Journal.
Mr. Meek sent the following si)ecimens :
1 c? ad., 4 ? ad., 4 ? juv., Rendova, February l'.Jii4 (Nos. A. 1237, 1241, 1243,
1244, 1245, 1246, 1267, 1304, 1313).
1 i ad., 1 ? ad., Gizo, October 19U3 (Nos. A. 6!J8, Oil',)).
" Iris dark brown ; feet yellowish red (red, burnt red, dull smoky red in some
young) ; bill black in adult males, red at base in females.''
Judging from a male from tlie Duke of Y(jrk Island, collected by Th.
Kleinschmidt, the birds from there belong also to ^1. /. salomonensis, or a closely
allied form, but they certainly dift'er from liispidoides.
37. Alcyone pusilla richardsi Tristr.
Alri/iine rirhardsi Tristram, Ihix, 1882. p. i;{4 pi. 4 (Rendova).
1 ? , Gizo, lU. xi. 1903 (No. A. t'12).
1 (?, 2 ? ?, (Jhoiseul, December 1903, January 1U04 (Nos. A. 903, 1090, 1153).
3 c?c?, 2 ? ?, Bougainville, March 1904 (Nos. A. 1589, 1629, 1644, 1067, 1675).
" Iris brown, feet smoky brown, bill black."
Tiiis little Ak-i/oiie can only be considered as a very closely allied subspecies
of A. pustlla. The chief character relied upon by Tristram and Sharpe, i.e. the
blue pectoral band, breaks down when a series is compared. While in none
of our rirhfudgi it is as complete as iu Canon Tristram's figure, one female from
Bougainville (No. A. 1629) has this band as comj)letely absent as in typical
pusilla. The only character which appears to be constant is the larger size of
the bill. The different shades of blue noted in the original description are found
in both subspecies.
38. Ceyx meeki Rothsch.
Cei/x mceki RothsobilH, IU,II. It. O. C. \i\. p. -i:; (1001 : Isabel I). (Cf. Nuv. Zuol. 1002. p. 587.
pi. xi., Bg. I.)
4 cJcJ, 2 ¥ ¥ , Choiseul, December 1903, January 1904 (Nos. A. 981, 1085, 1132,
1133, 1134, 1149).
( 2.56 )
■^ 6 ad., 4 ¥ ad., 1 6 juu., Boiig;imville, March l'.iM4. (Nos. A. lloU, I4s4,
149S, 1641, 1655, 1090, 1774).
" Iris dark brown : feet ]jalo yellow (flesh-colour, mottled brown aud flesh,
smoky browu) ; bill black in both sexes."
39. Ceyx lepida collectoris Hothsch. iV Hurt.
Cii/x Icjjida ojllaluiis R. & H., .Y'/-'. Zwil. 1901 p. oTl! (Kulambangra aud Guadalcanar, errore I
We restrict this uame to the birds from the central group ! )
3 S6,-i ¥ ?, liendova, February 1904 (Nos. A. 124is, l-,'49, 13iJo, 1^77, 13s:,
13SS).
3 cJ J, 3 ¥ ?, New Georgia, March l'.iii4 (Nos. A. 14-,',S, 1429, 145o, UoC, 1459,
1470).
" Iris blown, feet aud bill red (orange red, chiuese red),"' in both sexes I
The Guadalcauar form differs from C. I. collectoris by the black upper mandible
aud smaller size! Wiugs, 60 and (il mm. ouly ; bill (culmeii), 33 to 30, but
about 3 mm. longer and much thicker in collectoris. We call the Guadalcauar
form :
Ceyx lepida nigromaxilla subsp. nov.
(Tyjie ¥, Guadalcauar, Is. iv. I'.tnl. No. 2925.)
41). Halcyon bougainvillei Kuthsch.
(Plate X.)
Iluhyon hniKjammlhi Rothschild, BtiU. B. 0, C. .\v. p. 5 (11104: Bougainville ).
This remarkable large kingfisher has uo near ally, as far as we know at jiresent.
The sexes differ couspicuously, the /f'wfl/e differing from the male in having the
scapulars and interscapular feathers cinuamou-olive-brown with a greeu tinge,
instead of bine. The plate shows the coloration of both sexes. The wing
measures 130, the tail 9:!, bill 47 to 50, metatarsus 21 to 22 mm. The femole
is of the same size.
Mr. Meek sent four specimens.
3 ii, 1 ?, Bougaiuville, May \w\ (Nos. 1753, 1702, 1700, 1770J.
(Type No. 1770 $ ad.)
41. Halcyon tristrami alberti subsp. uov.
Subspeciei Ilulcyon trUtrami tnstnimi dictae similis. sed uropygio saturatiore, caerulesceiitiore.
rostro aliquanto breviore distinguenda.
We have compared 30 specimens from the Solomon Islands with the two
types, kindly lent to us from the Liverpool Museum, and two specimens in the
British Museum. We find that the former are generally darker above, especially
tlie crown of the head is nearly always darker, the rump much more bine, the
tail somewhat bluer, the ujiperside generally darker. The bill is shorter, generally
from 3 to 15 mm., sometimes only 2 mm. Type No. 27so, Kniambangra, 21. ii.
19(11, J, A. S. Meek coll.
//. tristrami, "Ibis," ISNti, p. 40o, pi. xv., wa^ originally described as doubtfully
from ^lakira Harbour, Solomon Islands. The description, however, does not
agree with the form now known from San Christoval, i.e. Sharjjc's //. solomonemis,
and the figure is also certainly that of a //. tri.'strumi. In the Tristram collection,
now in the Liverpool Museum, two specimens from Blanche Hay, New Brittany,
( -'57 )
are marked as the tyjjes of //. ti-istrami. Evidently Mv. Layard wrote from
memory, and his doubtful locality " Makira Harbour " was an error. Mr. Meek
sent the following spei'imens of //. t. ulherti :
■J cT, 2 ¥ ad., 2 S jun., Rendova, February r.Hi4 (Nos. A. 1171, lls'.t. 1201,
1272, 1273, 12SG).
1 c?, 1 ? ad., 1 S Jan., Gizo, October, November 19o3 (Nos. A. (Jl2, (iOO, s2:i).
1 6 ad., Bougainville, May 19U4 (No. A. 1768).
"Iris brown. Bill black, base of under mandible whitish; feet dark slate."
42. Halcyon sanctus Vig. & Horsf
Hakyon sam-lus Vig. & Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Sol: Loud. xv. p. 20G (182lj : Australia).
4 (?(?, 1 ?, Reudova, February 1904 (Nos. A. 117.5, 1374, 1376, 1389, 1390).
2 S6,l ?, New Georgia, March 19u4 (Nos. A. 1418, 1423, 1424).
4 cJ cJ, 2 ? ?, Bougainville, April 1004 (Nos. A. 1486, 15U3, 1.528, 1536, 1-540,
1557).
43. Halcyon leucopygius (Verr.).
Cijumdiijiin leucopyyiHs Verreau.x, Ree. cC- Mag. de Zool. 1858. p. 358 (Solomon Islands).
3 cJJ, 3 ? ?, Ghoiseul, December 1903, .Jauuary 19i(4 (Nos. A. 859, 861, 955,
961, 1014, 1161).
1 (J, 2 ? ?, Bougainville, May 1004 (Nos. A. 1725, 1747, 1776).
•' Iris brown ; bill and feet black."
44. Halcyon saurophaga Gould.
Halcyon aaurojihaga Gould, P. Z. S. 1843, p. 103 (New Guinea).
3 cJc?, 1 ?, Gizo, November 10ti3 (Nos. A. 781, 788, 810, 837).
2 ? ?, Ghoiseul, .Jauuary 1904 (Nos. A. 109-5, 1130).
1 S, Bougainville, May 19ii4 (No. A. 1712).
" Iris brown : feet dark slate; bill black, basal half of lower mandilile whitish."
45. Centropus albidiventris Kothsch.
" Centropus alhidirentrh Rothschild, Bull. B. 0. C. xiv. p. 59 (March 1904 : Gizo).
2 (? ad., 1 ? juv., Reudova, February 1904 (Nos. A. 1315, 1326, 1334).
2 S ad., Gizo, October, November 1903 (Nos. A. 643, 729).
i ad. Head, neck, back, rump and under surface buff, the lower back, rump
and underside more whitish, the feathers of the rump with dull black bases.
Wings and tail purplish I)lue-black. Thighs buff, a lilackish patch near the
heel-joint. Iris red, bare spot round eye black in the skin, feet slate. Wing
270-80 mm. (not 7U, as said by error in the original description, I.e.), tail abont
340 mm. The young birds resemljle those of C. m/'Io, but the liars on the rectricos
are wider.
41). Eudynamis orieutalis subsji. nov. ?
1 S, Gizo, 31. X. 19U3 (No. A. 696).
2 f?(J, Ghoiseul, December 1903 (Nos. A. !S,n6, 1o41).
"Iris bright dark red (rose-madder); feet slate-colour; bdl greenish slate-
colour."
( 258 )
These birds ajipear to be, from tlio cjloiir of their plumage, perfectly adult, but
two are iu monlt. They are like A', orientalis rujh enter, but ajiparently a little
smaller. It is not probable that they can be uniled with E. a. nij'''enter, since on
New Irelan 1 and New Britain we find a form larger tlian ri(jirciiter. It will be
best to await more material from the Solomon Islands, inilndinj; females !
47. Urodyuamis taitensis Sparrm.
Curulus laitenxis Sparrmiu, Mns. Carlsnn. ii. pi. .'52 (ITS? : no locality given, but we may accept
Tahiti as the original locality, judging from the specific name).
1 ?, Eendova, -.'n. ii. IO114 (No. A. 1:542).
" Iris liirht brown ; feet slate ; bill horn-colour."
The specific name is wrongly quoted " luitteiisi.-i "' in Cai. B. Brit. Mux. .\ix.
11, 314.
48. Cuculus saturatus Blyth.
Citculus mliimtins Blyth, Jnurn. .t.v. Soi: Bengal, xii. p. '.142 (18i3: e.\ Hodgson MS. ; India).
{Ciu-tdux inlerntidiits of the Cot. B. xix.)
1 c?, ;i ? ?, New Georgia, 1:.', 1:3, 14. iii. l!Mi4 (Nos. A. 1434, 144ii, 14(34, UOC,
1468).
40. Cacomantis addendus Hothsch. it Hart.
Cacomantia aiJileiiiln.-i Rothschild & Hartert, N^v. Zoul. TJOl, p. 185 (Kulambangra).
0 J J, 1 ?, New Georgia, March 19U4 (Nos. A. 1422, 14:37, 1438, 1439, 1462,
1467).
" Iris c? light brown (reddish brown, dull red), ? dull red ; feet lemou-yellow ;
bill black and horn-colour."
These birds agree with the tyj)es from Kulambangra. The female is smaller
(wing 112 mm.) than the male, and the rufous-cinnamon colour of the underside
reaches upwards to the upper throat, which is only slightly mixed with creamy
buff. The males have the chin and upper throat ashy for about one to two
centimetres. The wings of the males measure 119 to 122 mm.
on. Chalcococcyx plagosus (Lath.).
CxKtdtis plagosiis Latham, Ltd. Ord. Snppl. p. xxxi (1801 : '' Xew Holland ").
1 S, Bougainville, 18. iv. 1904 (No. A. 1575).
51. Rhyticeros plicatus (Forst.).
Hiifii-os j>liciilii.f Forster, Imli.vlir Zwl. p, 40 (1781 : ex Danipier ; Ceram),
1 i ad., Bougainville Island, 2. v. 1904 (No. A. 1710).
" Iris smoky white ; feet Idack ; bill of a creamy white liune-colour, base
dark red."
52. Podargus inexpectatus Hart. ^?subsp.)
/W»,v/«s- h,p.ri„rl,dux H.irtert, lUdl. 11. O. ('. xii. p. 1^4 (Nov. r.iill— Isabel Island) ; Xui: Zuul. 10.12
p, bHb.
3 ? ?, Choisenl, 12. xii. 19U3 and .January 1904 (Nos. A. 929, 1127, 1141).
1 ?, Bougainville, Ajn-il 19ii4 (No, A, 1076).
( ^59 )
These speciiuc'us agree perfectly with the single female from Isabel (l.t'.)»
except that the wings are smaller, measuring only 108 to 20" mm., while that of
the female from Isabel has the wing 220 mm. long. It is therefore possiljle that
these are subspccifically separable, bnt the question cannot be decided until more
females from Isabel are available.
53. Eurostopodus nigripennis Rams.
l-Jutvalopuihi-^ nfijripcnn}» Ramsay, Pror. Linn. Sar. .V. S. Waleii vi. p. 843 (Rubiana).
1 ?, Rendova, February 1904 (No. A. 1339).
2 c?c?, 2 ? ? , Gizo, November 1903 (Nos. A. 743, 744, 7S0, 8.50).
1 (?, 2 ? ?. Bougainville, April 1904 (Nos. A. 1G49, 1684, 1685).
The sexes are i)raetically alike, the female only having a slightly shorter wing ;
but some examj)les of both sexes have not only a large white spot on the inner
web of the second, but also a small rusty white one on the inner edge of the first
primary, while in others the first two primaries are spotless. Younger individuals
have the white patches on the i)rimaries more or less tinged with rusty brown.
Probably subspecies of JJ. albogularis.
54. Macropteryx mystacea woodfordiana Hart.
ilucrupteryj; iiujstacva louoilfuriliaiui Hartert, Xoe. ZmA. ISOG. \>. 19 (Guadalcanar Isl nd).
1 ? ad., Reudova, 6. ii. 1904 (No. A. 1201).
5 ? ?, New Georgia, Blarch 1904 (Nos. A. 1394, 1395, 1402, 1403, 1419).
2 cJcJ, 4 ? ?, Choiseul, December 1903 (Nos. A. 908, 972, 1042, 1043, 1001,
lOSl).
2 (? (?, 2 ? ?, Bougainville, April and May 1904 (Nos. A. 1703, 1709, 1710, 1720).
55. CoUocalia esculenta (L.).
llirumlii ceciileiitn Linnaeus, Si/st. Xdt. ed. x. p. 191 (1758 : ex Bontius, Ray, Rumpbius, Olearius.
" Hab. in China "— errore ! I accept Amboina as the loc. typ.).
2 ? ?, 1 c? juv., 3 doubtful, Choiseul, January 1904 (Nos. 1093, 1090, 1097, 1098,
1115, 1116).
Glutches of two eggs each were taken on Choiseul on January loth. The eggs
measure 18 x 11 and 17-8 x 116 mm.
50. Pitta anerythra anerytlira Rothsch.
Pilta anenjthra Rothschild, Bull. B. 0. C. xii. p. '.'li (19Ul : Isabel).
3 (JcJ, 3 ? ?, Choiseul, December 1903, January 1904 (Nos. A. 992, 1021, 1102,
1147, 11.54, 1100).
These specimens agree perfectly with our series from Isabel. Cf. yoc. Zojl.
1902, p. 584, pi. xi. fig. 2.
57. Pitta anerythra pallida Rothsch.
I'illa uuenjllna Rothschild, BhU. B. 0. C. xv. p. 7 (Oct. 1904— Bougainville).
0 cJ(J,4 ? ¥, Bougainville, April and May 1904 (Nos. A. 1495, 1523, 1570,
1579, 1.580, 1055, 1004, 1705, 1769, 177.5).
" Iris brown ; feet smokv horu-coluur ; bill black."'
18
( 2U0 )
Tliis very iuterostiug' subsj)ecies differs from /'. a. aneri/tkra of Isubel auU
Choisenl in being paler ou tlie underside, and in having the crown of the head ranch
blacker, the chestnut colour being more restricted and sometimes even absent. Tlie
amount of chestnut varies, however, much, as sometimes there is as much as in
some specimens from C'huiseul and Isabel, where, however, all examples have a
great amount of chestnut, and mostly much mure than those from Bougainville.
An egg was found on Bougainville in May. It is a typical Pitfa-egg, being
creamy white, marked all over with short lines and scribblings of brownish red and
with some underlying greyish mauve spots. It measures 3o-S by 2.") mm.
58. Hirundo tahitica Oni.
Hiiundo taJiilk-a Gmelio, Si/st. \al. i. p. llHii ( I 78S : ex Latliuuu. liab. T:ibiti).
2 66, 4 ? ?, Bougainville, April ami May r,)n4 (Nos. A. 1.^4-,', ITul. 17-,'4,
1737, 1738, 1732).
^^'ls,■lca/lr^ ti-lmlar Vieillot, Xnnr. Did. il' Hist. .Yul. xxi. p. 4311 (1878— Timor ! errore ! We have
substituted Amboina as the original locality. Cf. Noo. Zunl. I'JOii, p. 68:i).
59. Rhipidura tricolor (Viell.).
mr. Dirl. ,r Hist. ,V.((. 2xi. p. 4311 (1878
ae original locality. Cf. Noo. Zunl. I'JO
2 <?c?, 4 ? ?. Rendova, February l'.i(i4 (Xos. A. 1172, 1-,'ls, r-.'77, 1310, 1 340,
1370).
2 <?(?, 2 ? ?, Gizo, October and November 1903 (Nos. A. 63.1, 70l, 7S7, S23).
1 ?, Choiseul, January 19ii4 (No. A. 1120).
3 c?t?, 3 ? ¥, Bougainville, April 1904 (Nos. A. l.')24, 1574, 1017, 101s, 1040,
100.5).
60. Rhipidura albina Rothsch. & Hart.
Shipldura albina Eothschild & Hartert, Xov. Zoo!. ItllJl. p. 183 (Kulambangra).
2 6 6, 1 ? ad., Rendova, February 1904 (Nos. A. 1270, 1200, 1300). "Iris
dark brown ; bill and feet black."
These three specimens agree with the description of our single type from
Kulambangra. The type-specimen had some white feathers, irregularly spread
over the head and throat ; and our statement that they were aberrational leucocistic
feathers proves to be correct, for our three new specimens do not show them.
They have, on the other hand, a narrow white shaft-stripe near the tiji of the
outer rectrices, distinct in two, barely indicated in the third. The wings of the
males measure 88 and Oo, that of the female s5 mm. Otherwise the sexes arc
alike. The type was probably an exceptionally large specimen, having a wing
of 98 mm. This rare species is not a member of the tricolor group, luit may
possibly be a representative of Ilk. cockereili.
(il. Rhipidura cockereili (Rams.).
Sauloprocla cockereili Uauisay, I'roi-. Linn. .Swr. .V, .S. Wales iv. p. 81 (1880 : Guadalcanar).
2 cJ (?, 4 ? ? , ('lioiseul, December 1003 (Nos. A. 876, 883, 919, 950, 973, 1003).
2 t^cJ, 3 $ ?, Bougainville, April— May 1004 (Nos. A. 1513, 1635, 1636, 1070,
1704).
These specimens agree in everything with those from (Juadule.anar and Isabel.
The size of the bill is somewhat variable, but not according to localities.
r 201 )
0-. Rhipidura rubrofrontata Rams.
Rhijiiduni riihmfriiutiita Ramsay, Fiii,-. Linn. ,S<:r. X. N. Il'»/p.< iv. p. 82 (1880 : Ouadalcanar).
T J J, 1 ? (albinistic var.), Reiulova, February 1904 (Xos. A. 1168, 1204, 1251,
135(1, 1359, 1381, 1382, 1385).
3 (?(?, 3 ? ?, Gizo, November 1903 (Nus. A. 809, 819, 829, 841, 843, 854).
2 ? ?, Choiseul, December 19o3, January 1904 (Nos. A. 923, 1120).
2 SS, 4 ? ?, Bougainville, April and May 1904 (Nos. A. 1508, 1.593, 1631,
1661, 1732, 1760).
The specimens from Bougainville and Choiseul are apparently slightly smaller,
and the cinnamon-red colour of the rump extends perhaps a little more towards
the head. Nearly all the specimens are, however, moulting, and it is, therefore,
difficult to say whether these apparent differences are of much importauce.
Moreover, we have no specimens from the original locality (Guadaleanar) to .
compare.
No. A. 1204 from Rendova is a somewhat peculiar aberration. The upper
surface is white, with the exception of the cinnamon-red forehead, a few brown
feathers on the crown and nape, some few of the upper wing-coverts, and a few
of the upper tail-coverts. The wings are partly brown, partly white, two of the
primaries on each side and the majority of the secondaries being of the latter
colour. The tail is of the normal colour. The under surface is pure white, with
the exception of two brown feathers on the throat and the pale cinnamon under
tail-coverts. The specimen is not an alliino, the iris being brown and not iiink,
the feet brown, the bill brownish black.
63. Myiagra ferrocyanea ferrocyanea Rams.
ili/iwjro ferrucij'UKa Ramsay, I'mr. Linn. Sur. .V. .S. U'li/es iv. p. 8u (1879 — Guadalcanar).
3 cJcJ, 3 ? ?, Choiseul, December 1903 (Nos. A. 898, 927, 1022, 1023, 1005,
1079).
2 (?(?, 2 ? ?, Bougainville, April 10iJ4 (Nos. A. 1522, 1537, 1630, 1678).
cJ ?. " Iris (dark) brown ; feet black (very dark slate) ; bill chalky blue."
The male has the throat black, upper wing- and tail-coverts purjilish blue.
The female has the crown and hind-neck grey, l)ack rusty brown, central rectrices
cinnamon-brown, the rest bright cinnamon, the quills edged with bright cinnamon.
Underside white, the abdomen with a light rusty-butf tinge.
We have now specimens from Guadalcanar, Florida, Isabel, Treasury, Choiseul,
Bougainville, and Munia in the Shortland group.
64. Myiagra ferrocyanea feminina Rothsch. & Hart.
Mijiaijia feminina Rothscb. lS; Hartert, \<ir. Zwil. I'Jul. p. 183 (Kulambangra).
4 c?t?, 2 ¥ ?, Rendova, February 1904 (Nos. A. 1167, 1310, 1338, 1347, 136(i,
1367).
3 6 ad., 1 cf juv., 5 ? ?, Gizo, October and November 1903 (Nos. A. 629, (;32,
056, 745, 747, 753, 779, 786, 832).
The male differs from that of M. /. fvrroajaiieii in being uniform bhie-blaik
with a steely gloss, but without any purplish tinge. The female Las the head above
bluish grey, the rest of the upix-r surface grey with an ashy-brownish tinge, the
under surface white from chin to tail.
J ¥. " Iris brown ; feet (dark) slate ; bill chalky blue."
( 2iV> )
05. Monarcha kulambangrae meeki snbsj). uov
Differs from ^f. h. halamhamj lae iu baviug less white in the tail. The outer
rec'trices, which are white for 23 (?) to 29 (c?) mm. in J/, k. kulumbangrae, are
white only for 11 and Ls (?) to 17 and 21-o (c?) mm. iu M. /;. mccki. Otherwise
there is no aiii)reciable difference.
The nomenclature here employed is only provisioual. Probably ktilambany rae
and mec/d are subspecies of the gronp of M. brodiei, and the oldest specific name
of this gronp of subspecies may not even be brodiei. We hope to discuss these
flycatchers later.
(Type of M. I;. meAi : i ad., Kendova, 23. ii. 1904. No. A. 1 3y.j, A. S.
Meek coll.)
The differences of /•ulnmbaiKjrac and brodiei are fully stated in the original
description {Xoe. Zool. 1901. p. 1S3).
Mr. Meek sent the following specimens from Rendova :
3 JtJ, 2 ! ad., 1 ? juv., Rendova, February 1904 (Nos. A. 1202, 1210, 1282,
1289, 1355, 1356, 1309).
" Iris brown ; feet bluish slate ; bill chalky blue."
06. Monarcha brodiei Rams.
Muitarclut brodiei Ramsay, Pro-. Linn. Sue. N. S. Wales iv. p. 80 (187LI : Guadalcanar).
4 cJ ad., 1 c? juv., 2 ? juv., Choiseul, December 1903, January 1904 (Nos.
A. 880, 942, 1062, io99, IKH,' 1100, 1131).
2 S ad., 2 ? ad., 1 6 juv., 1 ? juv., Bougainville, Ajiril and May 1904 (Nos.
A. 1488, 1497, 1512, 1543, 1003, 1740).
There is some variation in the extent of the white tips to the outer rectricos.
Generally this is smallest in the specimens from Guadalcanar, and those from
Isabel are indistinguishable from the latter ; while specimens from Choisenl are
inclined to have more white, and most of those from Bougainville have distinctly
more white on the outer rcctrices. This difference is, however, not nearly so
constant and marked as it is in kiilambangrae and meeki, and we are, therefore,
not inclined to separate the forms from the northern islands without further
evidence.
The form we called ^^. brodiei JloriJana {Nov. Zool. 19(jl. ji. 183), which has
white edges to the [irimary coverts and some of the inner secondaries, is evidently
quite distinct, and hitherto only known to ns from our two males from Florida
Island.
07. Monarcha castaneiventris castaneiventris \'(ur.
Mtntinrhi aislaneifenlrix Verreaux, I}ev. it .Uiiij. de Znol. 18y8. p. 3i.l4 ("Samoa" — crrorc 1
Doubtless the type came from the Solomou Islands).
3 S ad., 1 <S juv., 2 ? juv., Choiseul, December 1903, January I9U4 (Nos.
A. 873, 962, 1013, 1026, 1057, 1136).
" Iris {S ad.) brown ; feet and bill d:irk slate-colour."
One of the young females has the upper mandible abnormally lengthened and
hooked.
( 263 )
OS. Monarcha castaneiventris erythrosticta (Shavpe).
Pnmarea eri/llirostlria Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1888. p. 185 (Fauro).
Poinarm rihhei Hartert, Nov. Zuol. 1895. p. 48o (Munia).
Two of our specimens, "Male?" No. A. 1694, and " Female" No. A. UTO, have
a pale einiiamon patch in front of the eye, like Sharpe's type of crijthrosticta, the
others a white one, like Hartert's type of ribbei. We have tlierefore uo donbt that
the two supposed species belong to one and the same form. They are evidently a
northern representative oi caKtaneieeiitris.
3 S ad., I ?, 2 cJ ? Bougainville, April ]il04 (Xos. A. 147(3, 1409, 1554, 1582,
1692, 1094).
Nos. A. 1499 and A. 1554, marked as males, have a much darker and less
bright abdomen. In the latter specimen the bill is abnormally crossed, like the
bill of a Loxia.
" Iris brown ; feet slate ; bill slate-blue with black t\\C'
69. Monarcha richardsii (Rams.)
Piezorhyiichtis Richardsii Ramsay, Proc. Liiiii. Sor. N. S. Walr.^ vi. p. 177 (1882 : "Ugi").
Piezorliynchiis florenciae Sharpe, Ibis 1890. p. 20(') (Kubiana = New Georgia).
3 c? ad., 1 c? jnv. ? (marked ?), 1 ? ad., 1 ? juv., Rendova, February 1904
(Nos. A. 1163, 1165, 1170, 1239, 1278, 1305).
4 c? ad., 2 c? jun. ? (marked ?), 1 very young male, 1 ? juv., Gizo, October and
November 1903 (Nos. A. 604, 616, 622, 634, 650, 738, 784, 839).
The adult males agree perfectly with Dr. Ramsay's description, though it would
be desirable to compare a series from Ugi, where the type has been said to come
from. AVhat we take to be adult females are as follows : Whole upper surface
slaty grey, wings and tail darker, throat and chest paler, lower breast, abdomen
and under tail bright chestnut. These birds are the females of f'^hsirpe's //orenciae.
The immature females have the throat and chest washed with light chestnut. The
immature males are like the female, but head, throat and ear-coverts are more or
less blackish slate, a wide line behind the eyes and a patch on the sides of the neck,
and a partial ring around the eyes white. These immature males are the males of
Sharpe's Jiorenciae. One of our three young males from Gizo (Xo. A. 738) has
the throat white, but this is clearly albiuistic.
" Iris dark l)rown ; feet slate-colour ; bill chalky blue."
70. Monarcha inornata ((iarnot).
Muscicapa innnmlu Garuot, Voy. " Coquille," Zunl. At/, pi. xvi. fig. 2 (1820), i. 2 p. 591 (1828 : New
Guinea).
1 (? 1 ? jnv., Choiseul, 30. .xii. 1903 (Nos. A. 1074, 1075).
A series of adult specimens from the Solomon Islands alone can prove whether
these examples are tyj)ical inornata, or belong to a distinct race.
71. Graucalus welchmani subsp. ?
Graucahis wetrhiiiimi Tri.stram, 7A« 1892. p. 29-1 (Biigotu = Isabel).
3 (? ad., Bougainville, April 1904 (Nos. A. 1531, 1556, 1602).
" Iris dark brown ; bill and feet black."
These three males differ consjiicnously from our two males from KulaiDbnngra
( 264 )
in having the black of the throat extpiuling to the clipst, and by shorter and stontor
bills. We sns]iei't that these birds are the males of true wdrhmnti, the type of
which is a female in spite of having been described as a male, and that the
Knlambangra form will have to be separated. Males from Isabel only can finally
settle the question.
72. Graucalus hypoleucus elegans Rams.
[GraiW((Z«« liypohucus Gould, P. Z. S. 1848. p. .38 (Port Essington, Australia).]
Graiictiliis eh'fianx Ramsay, Pmr. Linn. Snr. .V. .'». IFii/'"! vii. p. 22 (1882 : OLiaclalcanar). (Cf. .V>ic.
Znnl. 11102. p. .582.)
3 (? ad., 1 ?, New Georgia, March l'.iii4 (Nos. A. 14os, 1412, 14i:., 1442).
1 ?, Gizo, 29. X. 1903 (No. A. OTn).
3 <?(?, Choisenl, December 1903 (Nos. A. 909, 979, 1050).
3 (?c?, 3 ? ?, Bougainville, April and May 1904 (Nos. A. 1525, 1638, 1702,
1706, 1739, 1751).
" Iris brown ; bill and feet black."
73. Graucalus pusillus ombriosus snlisp. nnv.
This form is the one inhabiting the western central gronji of the Solomon
Islands, namely New Georgia, Kendova, Gizo, and Kulambangra. It differs from
G. p. pusillus by being more sooty on the upper surface, not so light grey.
Tyjie (J ad., Gizo, No. A. 695. AVe have the following specimens : —
1 c?, Rubiaua (=:New Georgia), collected in l.s94 by Captains. AVebster and
Cotton (from spirits).
2 cJ ad., 2 S jun., 2 ? ?, Knlambangra, February and March 1901, collected
by A. S. Meek (Nos. 2775, 2789, 2794, 2798, 2S;21, 2S22). These are the birds
quoted as G. pusillus, Xov. Zool. 1901. p. 180.
2 (? ad., 2 <S imm., 2 ? ?, Rendova, March 1904 (Nos. A. 119ii, 1263, 1264,
1280, 1317, 1349).
3 <?J, 2 ? ?, Gizo, October 19(13 (Nos. A. 6(i5, 007, 009, 677, 695).
" Iris bright yellow ; bill and feet black."
74. Graucalus pusillus uigrifrons Tristr.
[Giiiitcaltix itHsilht^ Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Sor. A^ N. Wulfs iv. jt. 71 ( I87*J : (Tnadnlcanar).J
Gmihttlux niiji-ifiui}^ Tristram, /Wx, 1892. p. 2114 (Bugotu = Isabel). Cf. Xoi: Z.,ol. 19u2. p. 582,
where, however, the dift'erences between the two forms hare been accidentally inverted. In
fact, n'titrifroiis is barely separable, differing in no other way from (!. p. pu>iillns, than being
slightly paler gi'ey.
1 J, 1 ?, Choisenl. 22. xii. 1903, 7. i. I9ii4 (Nos. A. Hm.-), 1112).
2 6 ad., 1 (? jnn., 1 ?, Bougainville, Ajiril 19(l4 (Nos. I(iii4, 1022, 1650, 1652).
" Iris bright yellow ; bill and feet black."
75. Edoliisoma erythropyg'ium saturatius Rothsch. A, Hart.
Edoliimmn eri/lhrojii/r/itini xaliiritliiit Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zonl. 1902. p. 582 (Isabel [type],
Kulambangra and Sbortland Islands).
1 c? imm. 1 tJ juv., 4 ? ?, Rendova, February 1904 (Nos. A. 1183, 1291, 1293,
1309, 1320, 1332).
4 <J ad., 1 c? jnv., 1 ?, Gizo, October and November 1903 (Nos. A. 671, 678,
690, 712, 714, 758).
( 20.5 )
2 <S ad., 2 (? jnn., 1 S jnv., 1 ?, flioisonl, Dccomlier 1003 (Nos. A. 870, 888,
803, 045, 982, 1004).
4 S ad., 1 ? ad., 1 ? jnv., P.nnjraiiivillo. April and May 1904 (Nos. A. 1514,
1506,1594,1025,1(181,1705).
" Iris brown ; feet dark slate ; liill lihu'k."
Fully adnlt males have the throat more or less black, which is not the case in
E. e. erythropiiqiuin. The size of tlie bill is somewhat variable.
76. Edoliisoma holopolius (Sharpe).
Gmniahix holopolius Sharpe, /■'. Z. .S'.18KH. p. 184 ((iuadalcanar). (Cf. Kor. Ziml. 1901. p. .374.)
3 c? ad., Choisenl, December 1903 (Nos. A. 937, 908, 1017).
4 (? ad., 3 ? ad., Bon»-ainvil!H, April and May 1904 (Nos. A. 14sl, 1520, 1640,
1648, 1082, 1722, 1723).
" Iris brown ; bill and feet black."
77. Geocichla papuensis Seeb. (? subsp. nov.)
Geni-iilila pupiiemi'' Seebohm, Cat. B. Bril. }fiis.v. p. 168, pi. ix. (1881 : '' S.E. New Guinea").
1 ?, immat., Choisenl, 13. i. 1004 (No. A. 1148).
"Iris dark brown; feet light horn-colonr ; bill blackish, base of lower
mandible pale."
This single specimen is immature and moulting, and therefore we do not
venture to separate it from (J. pajitieiinis, thongh the bill is 2 mm. longer than
ill our two specimens of the latter, and the rnmp is apparently darker.
78. Pachycephala astrolabi Bp.
Piiohi/cejihahi nslrnlabi Bonaparte, Chiis^j. Ar. i. p 329 (1850 : ex Hombr. & Jacq., Vn,/. Pule Sud,
pi. V. fig. 3, hab. " San Jorge ").
5 (J J, 1 ?,Eendova, February and March 1004 (Nos. A. 1193. 1213, 1232,
1233, 1202, 1471).
4 cJc?, 2 ¥ ?, tlhoisenl, December 1903, January 1904 (Nos. A. 808, 932, 930,
947, 909, 1087).
3 c? ad., 2 c? juv., 2 ? ?, Bougainville, March 1904 (Nos. A. 1479, 1500, 1521,
1544, 1545, 1.553, 1564).
In addition to the variations of females and immature birds described in JVoi:.
Zoo/. 1001, p. 375, we must mention the following two females : —
" ?," No. A. 1479, Bougainville: Throat, sides of neck, breast and sides of
abdomen cinnamon-rufous, forehead, and outer aspect of wings ochraceons-rnfons,
centre of abdomen and vent buff
" ?," No. A. 936, Choisenl : Upper surface bright olive, whole under surface
golden yellow ; wings fuscous with rufous edges.
79. Zosterops rendovae Tristr.
Ztistefiips rendovae Tristram, Ihh, l.'<8j!. p. \'.\i> (Kendova).
Differs from Z. kulamhangrae (JVor. Zool. lOol, p. 180) in having no white
orbital ring and no such black loral spot.
Dr. Finsch (Tier/r/ck Lief. xv. p. 20) unites with Z. remlomi'. Dr. Ramsay's
Z. ugiensis ! Seeing that such closely neighbouring islands as Kalambangra and
Rendova have different forms, one is not justified in accepting such a view.
( 266 )
7 c?c?, 2 ? ?, Rendovn, Febrnar.v 1904 (Nos. A. 1101, 1'203, 1220, 1240, V2r>C,,
1257,1295,1206,1312).
" Iris dull red (bazcl, bright chocolate) ; feet str.iw-yellow : bill black."
80. Zosterops luteirostris Hart.
Znsld-ope hiteiroslris Hartert, Bull. B.O.C., March 1904 (Gizo).
5 <?£?, 5 ? ?, Gizo, October and November 1903 (Nos. A. Gofi, (i3], 633, 724,
748,761, 795,803,840, 855).
" Iris dark red (]iiiim-red) ; feet straw-yellow ; bill dark straw-yellow)."
81. Zosterops metcalfei Tristr.
Zmternpe melcrd/ei Tristram, Tbi.<, 18!t4, p. 2'J, pi, iii. (Eugotu = Isaliel). (Cf. Xnv. Zonl , 1902,
p. 581.)
2 c?c?, 3 ? ?, Choiseiil, December 1903 (Nos. A. 804, 935, 952, 985, Io30).
3 (?(?, 3 ? ?, Bougainville, April 1904 (Nos. A. 1494, 1596, 1014, 1015, 1628,
1657).
" Iris chocolate-brown ; feet .slate ; bill black and horn-colonr.''
82. Myzomela eichhorni Hothsch & Hart.
Mir-omrla eirhlwrm Rothschild & Hartert, Xoo. Zonl., 1901, p. 181 (Kulambangra") ; Xov. Zmil. 1902.
pi. VII. figs. 1, 2.
"We have now received a number of adnlt females. They are much smaller
than the males (wing about 02 mm.), the crown is much lighter, not blackish, the
rnmp olive with a rnsty tinge, but not red. The young resemble the females, but
the males are larger, and the red on the rump appears at the first moult.
3 (?(J,3 ? ?,2 c? juv., Rendova, February 19(i4 (Nos. A. 1104, 12(i8, 1211,
1217, 1221, 1229, 1242, 1292).
4 (?(?, New Georgia, March 1904 (Nos. A. 1407, 1453, 1403, 140.3).
4 3 ad., 5 ? ad., 1 S .juv., Gizo, August 1901, October and November 1903
(Nos. 3539, 354(1, A. 702, 708, 722, 752, 763, 799, 800, 834).
" Iris brown ; feet slate; bill black."
The birds from Gizo are rather smaller than those from Kulambangra,
Rendova, and New Georgia.
!^3. Myzomela lafargei Jacq. & Pnch.
.\fi;yiiiiel(( lifiiriid Jucq. c^ Piicli., I'r.//. Pole Siid. Zonl., Ois.. p. 9H {IS.jl^i— Solomon Islands),
The female differs considerably from the male. It is above very dark cilive,
not black ; tlie crown like the back, not red ; the throat olive-brown, instead of
black ; breast and abdomen duller.
4 S ad., 1 ?, 3 ^ jnv., Ohoiseul, December 1903, January 1904 (Nos. A. 904,
921,988, 1051, 1054, 1117, 1143, 1145).
3 S ad., 2 ? ?, 2 c? juv., Bougainville, April and May 1904 (Nos. A. 1496,
1511, 1584, 1586, 1.586, 1587, 1713).
84. Dicaeum aeneum Jacij. & Pnch.
Dieaeum aeneum, Jacq. et Pucheran, Voy. Pile !<ud, Znol., Ois., p. 97 (158.'? : " San Jorge ").
4 S<S, 3 ? ?, Choiseul, December 19()3, January 19o4 (Nos. A. 890, 894, 890,
897, 1007, 1033, 1144).
G (?(?, Bougainville, April 1904 (Nos. A. 1477, 158], 1043, 1651, 1608, 1683).
( 207 )
Si"). Cinnyris frenata (S. Mull.).
Neitiirin'ia friuiilii S. Miiller, Land- en Viilkeiikunih, p. 173 (" Door ons an de westkust van Xieuw-
Guinea ontdekt").
In Nor. Zool. 1903, p. 213, we came to the couclnsion tliixt tlie fonn from Now
Ireland and Solomon Islands conld not be separated from the typical New Guinea
form. We are, however, not qnite certain if the Moluccan form, which is less
bright yellow below and not so bright above, might not be separable, and there is
also no donbt that all our Solomon Islands are extremely bright in colour. Perhaps
the examination of a series of very fresh skins might after all justify Dr. Heinroth's
" C. fvenata, fai-a^' but more likely necessitate the creation of another Moluccan
race.
Mr. Meek sent the following fresh series :
3 $i, 3 ? ?, Eendova, February 1904 (Nos. A. 1178, 1219, 1225, 1251, 1373,
1373a).
5 c?(?, 1 ?, Gizo, October, November 1903 (Nos. A. 091, 709, 726, 741, 754,
765).
2 c?(J, 2 ? ?, Choiseul, December 1903, .Tauuary 1904 (Nos. A. lo71, 1072,
1073, 1121).
3 c?c?, 2 ? ¥, I c? jiiv., Bougainville, April 1904 (Nos. 1492, 1534, 1538, 1547,
1558, 1501).
80. Calornis cantoroides Graj-.
"i Lamprnlfirnin ntiilor S. Miiller, Vrrh. Xal. Gis.-h. Nriln-l. orerg. lies., Land- in Vi'll-inliimlr. p. 22
(1844 — descr. nulla, errore, non TiirdtiK cimhtr Gm. !).
C'iih,ni,<i miitnnmle.i Gray, P.Z.S. ISGl, pp. 4.^1, 430 (Mysol).
3 (?c?. 1 ?, Gizo, November 1903 (Nos. A. 710, 742, 782, 783).
4 Si, 1 ¥, Choiseul, December 1003 (Nos. A. 902, 991, 1008, ]o09, InSO).
2 ? jnv., Bougainville, April 1904 (Nos. A. 15.-)2, 1578).
87. Calornis metallica (Temm.).
hiiiiprolornis milaUica Temminck, PI. Cal. 200 (1824 : " Timor et Celebes," errore ! We have to
accept Amboina as the typ. loc. Cf. Salvad., Om. Pup. ii. p. 447).
2(?(?juv., 3 ??,Rendova, February 19o4 (Nos. A. 1173, 1170, 128.5, 1299,
1322).
1 S, Gizo, November 19o3 (No. A. 727).
\ S,\ ?, Ghoiseul, December 1903 (Nos. A. UOO, 970).
88. Calornis fulvipennis (.Tacq. & Puch.).
Lumjirntoniisfiilfijiemih Jacq. & Pucheran, Vui/. Pnli- Sud,Znol. in. p. 81 (1853 — Isabel, Solomons).
Lampriitoriiix gniiiilis Salvadori, nom. emend, for L./idrijimiis,
Caloniis mn.rimii Tristram, Ihh, 18115, p. 375 (Isabel !). (Cf. Noi\ Zool. 1902, p. 584.)
5 is, 1 ?,Reudova, February 1904 (Nos. A. 1182, 1184, 1200, 1215, 1318,
1319).
1 c?, 1 ?, Gizo, October 1903 (Nos. A. 601, 662).
2 c?c?, 1 c??, 3 9 ?, Choiseul, December 1903 (Nos. A. 803, 001, 041, 949,
963, 997).
3 S ad., 3 ? ad., 1 i juv., Bougaiiivillo, April 1904 (Nos. A. 15o4, 1535, 1061,
1000,1632,1658,1680).
( 268 )
The yonng bird is considerabi}- smaller, the feathers of the tliroat, head and
ueck are very elongated and attennated, those of the rnrnp and abdomen are shorter
and more blackish, and tlie (|nills are darker brown, than in adidt birds.
" Iris brown or dark red ; bill and feet black."'
80. Mino kreflPti (Scl.).
Gninila Ireffti Sclater, P. Z. S. 186',t. p. l-'O, pi. ix. ("Ins. Salomonenses ").
4 (?(J, 2 ? ?, Rendova, February 1904 (Nos. A. 1104, llO."., 1222, 123r>, 1284,
120S).
2 (?cJ, 4 ? ?, Gizo, October 10(« (Nos. A. 64(!, 647, 093, 094, 097).
3 (?(?, 3 9 ?, Choisenl. December 1003 (Xos. A. 877, 87s, 09.5, 900, 1010, 1038).
3 (?(J, 3 ? ?, Bongaiiiville, April 1004 (Nos. A. 1517, 1518, 1549, 1577, 1020,
1021).
" Iris bright yellow, feet and bill orange (cadmium)."
The specimens from Bougainville are generally largest, those from Gizo
smallest. We are, however, not ready to separate any subspecies, because the size
varies considerably in the same islands.
90. Macrocorax woodfordi vegetns Tristr.
\_Mucrnrnrm wnoilfordi Grant, P. Z. S. 1887, p. 33-J ; (iuad.-ilcaDar.]
Macrncorax regeUis Tristram, Ibix, 1894, p. 30 (Bugotu— Isabel). Cf. .V..;-. Zool. 1902. pp. 583, 584).
1 J, 2 ? ?, Choisenl, December 1903 (Nos. A. 861, 889, 958).
91. Corvus meeki Uothsch.
Coraix meeki Rothschild, Biitl B. (>. Club, November 1904 (Bougainville).
2 (?(? ad., Bougainville, May lOdO (Nos. A. 1710, 1748).
" Iris brown, bill and feet black."
Only these two males of this remarkaldc new Haven were obtained by Mr. Meek.
( 209 )
NOTES ON A COLLECTION OF BIRDS, MADE BY
MONS. A. ROBERT IN THE DISTRICT OF PARA, BRAZIL.
By C. E. HELLMAYR.
ALTHOUGH small, this collection is of great interest, as it adds somewhat
to onr scanty knowledge of the fauna of Paril. Since Natterer's and
AYallace's time very little has been done in the exploration of the avifauna
of tliat interesting district. Mr. Layard * collected some birds in 18T2, and
Professor J. B. Rteere made small collections at different times — about which,
however, nothing has been published, except some short notes on a few species, f
and the description of a new Synallaxis. + Mr. W. A. Schulz sent a series of birds
to Count Berlepsch, collected in 1892-94. Among them there was a specimen
of the beautiful lost Pijjva opalizans Pelz., § but a list of the other species
contained in his collection has not yet ajipeared. il Thns we are far from a thorough
knowledge of the ornithology of Pari'i, and it is to be hoped that some enter-
prising collector may continue the work so successfully taken up again by Mons.
Alphonse Robert.
His collection was brought together at a place called Igarape-Assi), which
lies on the railway rnnning from Parj'i to Bragau(;a, about half-way between these
two places. It numbers only about two hundred specimens, representing eighty-
nine species. Nevertheless, it contains tsvo very distinct new species and a hitherto
o\er\ookei[ ^onn oi J >eropti/as ucripitriiiiiii. Moreover, there are ten species which
have not yet been recorded from Panl, and such rarities as I'ipra opalizans,
Calo.spiza albi'iiiiiae, and Ueliotlirir auriculatiis phdiuolaema. Two other birds, a
Mi/riiiotkt'iiiUi and the Rki/ncliocijclas olicaceus of the following list, will also prove
to be new to science when a better series is available for comparison.
A consideration about the relations of the Paril fauna would be premature
now, and must be deferred until further and more extensive researches have been
made.
From the little information we have as yet obtained it is evident that the
district of Pari belongs to the great Amazonian snbregion : bnt quite a number
of species of the East Brazilian forest region extend their range to Parii, and
there are also a good many peculiar species, of which only the following need
be mentioned •.—Pipra op<ili.~aiis, Xipholeno, lameUipeiinis, Di/sithamiius iiicertus,
Hi/pocncmis tidua, Pldegopsis paraensis, Coitopophaga roberti, Deiic/rexctastes
paraensis, Si/nallaxis omissa, Gymnostinops bifasciatus, Heliothrix auriculatiis
pliainohicma, Pipile aijubi, and Crax pinima. Some of these may perhaps be
traced farther inland along the Lower Amazons, but it is to be remembered
that Mr. Hiker H met with a very different lot of birds at Santarem.
* E. L. Layarti, " Notes on Birds observed at Para," Ihts^ 1S7:^, pp. 37-l-3iH).
t Sclater & Salvin, "On the Collection of Birds made liy I'rof. Steere in South America"; P.y..!i.
1S78. pp. 135-142.
X Si/tuiHaxts (imissa Hartert, lliilf. lirif. Or/i. f'l. xi. No. si {.lanu.iry lltoi) p. 71.
§ Berlepsch, Ihis. 1S98, p. (JO.
II 1 do not mention Dr. (loeldi's list of the birds from the Upper Capim liiver, as this district is
faunistically not quite identical with that of Para (cf. IhU, 1903, pp. 472-500).
t Aiili, vii. (1890), pp. 131-37, 265-71 ; viii. (1S91) pp. 24-31, 158-64.
( 270 )
Regarding the fcirm of thr present paper I have only to sa}' a few words.
In every ease the original description lias heeu ciirefnlly eonsnited, and whenever
possible speeimens from the typieal locality have heen compared. Of other
literature, I quoted the papers about Natterer's, Layard's, and Wallace's collections
from Pard.
Species recorded lor the first time as occurring in the I'anl district are marked
with an asterisk.
I wish to express my sincere tliauks to Messrs. Rothschild and llartert,
who placed this interesting collection in my hands for determination. It is
now jireserved in tlic Tring JIuseum.
1. Troglodytes musculus clarus Berl. & Hart.
[Troglodytes imisniUis Naumann, I'm/. Dcutsrhl. iii. (182.H) p. 724 table, (Bahia).]
T. musculus rliirus Berlepscli & Hartert, Xar. Zuol. ix. (1002) p. 8 (Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana).
T. Amr7-imna (nee Andubon !) Pucheran, Arch. Mus. Paris vii. (1865) p. 338 (Cayenne — type in
Paris Museum examined).
T./urvns Layard, Ibis, 1873. p. 377 (Pan'i).
Two ? ?, 25, 2(3. i. 04. Nos. 1943, 1945. " Iris brun."
They agree with a series from British Guiana, and are very much paler under-
neath than typical T. fuusei/lHS from Bahia. I examined the examples collected
by Natterer at Forte do Rio Branco and Barra do Rio Negro ; they belong likewise
to the pale northern form.
Mr. Oberholser* published an excellent account of the species of the genns
Troglodj/tes, which enlightened us on various questions. But owing to lack of
proper material the author has falleu into several errors that require correction.
Count Berlepsch and myself, in a joint paper on little-known types of South
American birds, f have already shown that T. audax Tsch. refers to the form
inhabiting the coast region of Peru, which Mr. Oberholser described as T. m.
enochrits {I.e. p. 207). To the same form applies the description of T. m. tnun'nufi
Less., and not to 7'. m. tecellatus. T. m. puna Berl. & Stolzm., regarded by Mr.
Oberholser as synonymous with the last-named form, has nothing whatever to
do with it, but is a pure synonym of T. m. n\c. By some oversight, the Count
tells me, the same form has been described twice by him, he having entirely
forgotten the publication of the name T. m. rex.
T. VI. tecellatus Lafr. & Orb. is confined to the coast region of Tacna in
Northern Chili, whence Count Berlepsch has a good series. It is, in fact, but
the southern representative of T. m. anrlar, and only distinguishable by its more
distinct dark barring on the upper side. T. m. rex, on the other hand, is a
very distinct subspecies, and ranges from Central and S.E. Peru to East Bolivia
and Mattogrosso. T. m. wiedi Berl. is by no means confined to Santa Catharina,
but is widely distributed over S.E. Brazil. I have sjiecimens from Southern
Minas, Rio S. Panlo, Rio Grande do Snl, and Santa Catharina. T. m. musculus,
however, is restricted to Bahia; at least it does not reach farther south, but it
may extend into the states of N.E. Brazil.
• l'roi:\ V. 8. Sat. Mut. xxvii. (li)04);pii. 107-210.
t Jmim.f. OruUJi. 1905. p. 1-33.
(271 )
2. * Thryothorus genibarbis Swains.
Tliryothorus fjeiiibarbis Swainson, Aiiiiii. in .Uetui;/. (IS.'W) p. 322 (" Brazil" — we accept HuIiIk as the
typical locality).
cJ acL, February 21, 1004; No. 19.58. ? jr., May 19u4 ; No. 210(1. "Iris
brnn-rouge."
These specimens agree exactly with e.^catuples from Bahia, but have slightly
larger bills, and the male has the back of a much darker rufous brown. A female
from Para, collected by Mr. W. A. Schulz, in Count Berlepsch's Museum, however,
is in no way different from a series of Bahia skins.
This is the first record of the species for the Lower Amazons, but Natterer
collected a male near Borba, on the Rio Madeira, which was examined by me
some years ago.
3. Cyclarhis gujanensis (Gm.).
Tiiiiagni gujatiensis Gmelin, Sysl. Xat. 1. ii. (1788) p. 893 {ex BuSon—" Gujuna").
Ci/clorhis guiaiiensi!) Sclater & Salvin, P. Z.S. (1807) p. 569 (Pari, March— June).
One ? ad., Jamiary 21, 1904. No. 1928. " Iris jaune."
This specimen differs from others collected by the late H. WLitely in
British Guiana only in its rather narrower chestnut frontal band and in having
the yellow on the throat and foreneck of a more greenish tint. It is an adult bird,
with the plumbeous spot at the base of the lower mandible.
4. * Dacnis angelica melanotis Strickl.
[Dcuiiis angelica De Filippi, Afli Riim. Sc. Ital. (1845) p. 4(14 (Colombia).]
Dacnis melaiiolia Strickland, Cvntrih. Oriiilh. (1851) p. 16 (Cayenne — exBuffon ; Demerara).
One d ad., April 11, 1904. No. 2047. "Iris jaune."
The eastern form is perhaps barely separable, even subspecifically. The
only difference 1 can find between my Para specimen and a series of Peruvian
and Bogota skins is the slightly darker bine colour of the former. The females,
however, present rather marked differences. Two specimens taken by Professor
8teere at Beueyides, near Para, lack almost entirely the olive-greenish tinge ou
the sides of the body, and the middle of the abdomen is whitish (not creamy). I
cannot say whether these points of distinction will hold good when a better series
of JJ. angelica is compared.
The proper name of the eastern form, if separable, is as given above, I>.
arcangeUca (sic !) Bp.,* being strictly referable to the Bogota bird, for Bonaparte
says : " 1>. arcangeUca Bp. {angelica ex Bogota Auct.) sane diversa."
The species is new to the fauna of Para.
5. Dacnis cayana (Linn.).
Mokuilla cuijana Linnaeus, Syd. Nut. .\ii. 1. (1700) p. 33i) [e.\ BrisBon — Cayenne (excl. Hernandez —
Mexico)].
Dacnis cai/ana Sclater & Salvin, P. Z. S. (1807) p. 570 (Para) ; Layard, Ibis, 1873. p. 378 (Par.a).
Datnis ci/uiiocepliahi Pelzeln, Ztir Oniilh. Drasil. i. ( 1807) p. 25 (Par;i),
Two S 6 ad., April 0, 24, 1904. Nos. 2035, 2132. "Iris brnn-rouge"
(2132); "grenat fonce " (2035).
* Hull. Socicte Liniii'wttiic yt>rmandie ii. (Cacu IBuV) p. 31 [Catalogue . . . ties oiscaux rccuciUis u
Ciivcnnc par M. E. Dcsplauchc
(272 )
C. Cyanerpes caenileus TLinn.;
Certhia caeriilea Linnaeus, Sytt. XkI. ed. x. (1758) p. UK (e.\ Edwards— Surinam).
C'Kieba ciierulea Pelzeln, Ziii: Orn. Bnis. i. (IfiiiT) p. 'i'l pt. (Barra, Par;l).
Cereba rnenilea Layard, Ibis, 1873. p. 37H (Parii).
Two c? S !ind two ? ? , taken S^. i., :io. iv., Is. i., 7. iv. l'.ii)4. Nos. 1938, 2156,
1910, 2037. Iris " brun fonc(5," " bleu-noir " and " brnn."
These specimens agree iierfectly with Ciiyeiine .-ikins, which we may consider
to be typical, bnt have a little shorter bills. The bill measures :
tj ad., Cayenne, 19 mm.
<? ad., Bemfica, 18A mm.
<? ad., Para (Steere coll.), 1 ' mm.
Two S S, Igarape-Assii, 171 mm., 18 mm.
Parii is the most southerly locality for C. caertdiitoi in Eastern Brazil.
7. Cyanerpes cyaneus (Linn.).
Ct'rthiti injfuti'a Linnaeus, .S//..-/. Xat. .\ii. 1. (I7i>i'i) p. 188 (ex Edwards, Brisson, Marcgrave. — We
take SKriiium ex Edwards as typical locality).
Cuerelti cyaum Sclater & Salvin, /'. Z S. IHGT. p. 570 (ParA, Febr.)
Cereba ei/anea Layard, Ibis, 1873. p. 378 (Para).
One ? only, .\pril 7, 10o4. No. 2040. '• Iris bleu noir."
S. Coereba chloropyga (Cab.).
C'eiihiolu 'lilorojij/i/a Cabanis, Mns. llrnmiii i. (1850) p. ',17 (Babia).
Certhiolu clilornjii/i/a Sclater iV Salvin, P. Z.S. ISi'u. p 570 (Mexiana Island).
Certhiola ehlurojti/'ja Layard, Ibis, 1873. p. 378 (Para).
One ? in worn plumage, January 21, 1904. No. 1924. " iris brun."
This specimen, as well as a male, collected by Professor Steere near Bemfica,
agree exactly with topotypical skins from Bahia. The back is pale olive-grey,
the rump very pale olive yellowish, and there is no visible wiug-spcculum. ('.
<iui(inensis (Cab.) is a very distinct form, differing at a glance by its bright yellow
rump, and darker, more sooty greyish back. Like in V. chlorfljii/fia, there is no
wing-speculum, or it is but slightly indicated below the primary coverts. On
the other hand, C. lateola (Cab.) has always a large white speculum, and is
much darker (sooty blackish) on the back than the two foregoing species. These
differences are quite constant in comparing a series of thirty-four ('. chloropijga,
si.xteen C. yuianensis, and si.xtj-nine C. Ititeola. Their distribution is as follows :
1. C. chloropyga (Cab.) E. Brazil from Rio Grande do Sul to Para. I have
not seen specimens from Mattogrosso, which may be different.
2. C. guiaHeitais (Cab.) British Guiana (Roraima, Merume Mts., Camacusa,
etc.) ; N. Brazil ; Upper Rio Negro (Marabitanas, Lamalonga, Cobati) ;
S. Venezuela ; ( 'aura River.
3. C. lateola (Cab.) Venezuela (I'oast region southwards to the Orinoco
River) ; Trinidad, Tobago.
'•'. ''Calospiza punctata (Linn.)
Tamujm iiHuilala Linnaeus, ■S'vs7. Xiit. xii. 1. (HlKi) p. oll> (ex Brisson — ''Iiides Orientales "— errore !
we substitute ( 'ni/i ma).
One " i " ad., takeu April Li, 1904. No. 2(i.j1. " Iris brun."
This specimen agrees in colour and size with a series from the interior of
( 273 )
British Guiana, and (differs only in the rather coarser black spotting on the
throat and breast. The spots are also extended along the sides of the abdomen,
while these parts are uniform pale green in the Guiana specimens. A series from
Cayenne should be compared.
C. punctata has not yet been recorded from tiie vicinity of Para, though
Natterer collected several examples at Manaos.
10. * Calospiza albertinae (Pelz.).
CuUUte ulhiji-tinae Pelzeln, Ibis, 1877. p. 3.37 (Salto do Girao, Rio Madeira).
One S ad. from Igarape-Assii, Panl, 50 m. ; April 14, 10(i4. No. 2131.
" Iris brun-rouge, pattes gris-bleu, bee brun, plus clair en dessous."
Wing :^, tail 40, bill lU mm.
Fancy my surjirise when finding this bird in the collection ! It is the second
known specimen of the species, the type of which came from a very remote district,
viz. from the upper course of the Rio Madeira, not far from the Bolivian frontier.
An actual comparison might perhaps show some differences, but it would be
impossible to judge their value from a single specimen. The Para example agrees
with Pelzelu's description, but differs in having the sides of the body and the
throat green, while in the type of C. albeiiijiae the whole lower surface except
the (green) under tail-coverts is said to be blue. It differs from ('. yi/roloides in the
much more yellowish green colour of the back and wings, becoming still more
yellowish on the nape without forming a distinct collar ; and in having the shoulder-
patch clear orange-rufous [Ridgway, Xomencl. PI. IV. fig. 13] instead of golden
yellow. Moreover, the throat is green, with a hardly perceptible bluish tinge, and
the green on the sides of the body is more extended.
11. Tanagra episcopus Linn.
Taiiaijnt Ejiiscnpiix Linnaeus, Si/st. Xal. xii. 1 (17i)ij) p. Hill (ex " L'Evesque '' ; Brisson, Oni. iii.
p. 40 ; ".Bresil" — coll. Reaumur.*)
Tanagra cucleHtis Spix, Ar. Bnisil. ii. (18-J5) p. 42 part, descr. J (Para). [Types e.xamined.]
r. episcnpus Sclater & Salvin, P. Z.S. 18G7. p. 671 (Para) ; Pelzeln, Uni. Bras. iii. (186!l) p. 208
(part., Pard) ; Layard, Ihis, 1873. p. 379 (Para).
One cJ ad. and twn immature <^cJ, >S. iv., 1:5. iv., 14. iv. 1904. Nos. 2U42,
2052, 2084. " Iris brnn."
The adult male agrees in every respect with others from (Surinam and British
Guiana, but lacks the pale violaceous hue on the lower surface.
12. Tanagra palmarum Wied. subsp.
Tuiiaym jjaliiiaruiii yVied, Iii'!se Bianil. ii. (18'21) p. 71) (Canavieras, Bahia) ; Sclater & Salvin,
P. Z. S. 1867. p. 571 (Mexiana Lsland) ; Layard, Ihis, 1873. p. 370 (Pani).
Tamiiira mehiiinptem (nee Sclater) Pelzeln, Ziir (h-n. Bras. iii. (18i;!t)p. 209 (Rio Muria, near Pari).
One S ad. 24. i. : ? 10. i. ; S .juv. 21. iv. 10(i4. Nos. 1015, 104ii, 2121.
" Iris brun."
These specimens, as well as some others collected by Prof. Steere near Pani,
• I'rissons description is quite clear and undoubtedly referable tu the bird now known as T. cirixrojius.
Ct. •■ les pctitcs couvcrturcs du dessus de I'ailc sont d'un gris-blanc tiraut sur Ic violet : les grandes sont
d'uii verd-bleu." The only place in Brazil where T. rj/isecijius occurs is the vicinity of Para. It is hardly
to be believed that in Brisson's time specimens from Paru were available. Brisson's type is more likely to
have come from Cayenne.
( 274 )
agree witli typical '/'. jialmdium from 8.E. Brazil in liaving distinct greenish c;lgGS
to the ([uills and tail-feathers, but the}- are cdnsideralily smaller, in this respect
apjjroaching T. p. tnelanoj/tera. Most likely the l)irds from Para represent an
iindescrilicd race— at any rate they never belong to mclanopteru.
Eighteen adnlt s]iecinieiis from S. I'aulo, Miuas, and Bahia {T. jjalmarum)
measure : al. '.til— 10:? ; cand. 78—82 mm.
Four adults from rard : al. 02 — U6 ; cand. 71.1 — 77 mm.
Nine adults from N.E. Peru (Xeberos, etc.) — coll. Bartlett — topotypical
T. p. melaiiopte.ru : al. 91 — 96 ; caud. 09 — 7^ mm.
I have no time now to discuss at length the various subspecific forms of
T. palmarum, but I may remark that Mr. Ridgway * is ijuite mistaken in considering
7'. p. violilarata, Berl. & Tacz., as a synonym of T. p. melnnoptera. It is a very
distinct form, at once known by its nearly uniform, bright violaceous colour above
and below, and is evidently restricted to tlic western slopes of the Andes in Ecuador.
1 have now before me a series of fifteen specimens (and have seen others) which
fully bear out the characters assigned to the form by its describers. I may add that
the Tring Museum possesses a series of 120 specimens of the T. palmarum gronj)
which has been studied in this connection.
13. Ramphocelus jacapa (L.).
Tuiiuf/ru Jwdjia Linnaeus, ^'</.s^ Nal, xii. 1. (ITIJC) p. 313 (e.\ Edwards: .Suriuam— et ISrissou :
Cayenne).
liamphiiiuehis jncajia Sclater & Salvir, P, Z. S. 1867. p. 571 (Me.\iana and Pai-a) : Layard, Ihis,
1873. p. 379 (Pani).
Two £?(?, 2. ii., 24. iv.— Nos. 1958, 2135; ? 22. i. 1904.— No. 1932.
One male is quite indistinguishable from typical jacapa from Cayenne and
Surinam, while the other inclines towards H. J. eonncctens, but it still has a faint
crimson wash on the back, which is dull black in the last-named bird. Ii. j.
connectens, Berl. & Stolzm., is widely distributed in Brazil sonth of the Amazon :
in fact, all records of Ii. jacapa from that region pertain to the former. The l)irds
collected by Natterer in Goiaz and Mattogrosso and those shot by M. A. Robert
in Minas Geraijs are absolutely identical with topotypical specimens of Central Peru.
14. Tachyphonus cristatus bruuneus (Spix).
[Tanarjra cristala Gmelin, Syst. Nut. 1. ii. (1788) p. 898 (ex Brisson I'i BufFon — Cayenne).]
Tuimgra briiiiiica Spix, -Ic. Bras. ii. (1825) p. .17, tab. 49, fig. 2 = fj juv. (Rio de Janeiro).
Tiirhyphonux crhtaliis bmsiliriisix Sclater, Col. liiids Bril. .1/«s. xi. (188('i) p. 211 (Brazil),
Tachyphonus crUtulus Sclater & Salvin, /'. .?. .S. 18C7. p. 571 (Pard, May 1849. — "Agrees with
Brazilian specimens ").
Two adult (?c? in perfect plumage, 13. i., 18. v. 1904.— Nos. 1937, 2175.
" Iris brun."
I have also before me one cJ ad., collected by Prof. ISteere at Beiievides, near
Para. They agree best with a series of T. c. hrunnens from Pernambuco, Bahia, Kio
and S. Paulo. The crest is quite as full and long, but even darker, of a beautiful
fiery red. No. 1937, however, agrees in the colotir of the crest exactly with
sjieciiuens from more southern localities. The gular stripe is decidedly darker
ochraceous iu T. c. brimiieus than in the Paril examples, but one skin from S. Paulo
is scarcely different from the latter birds.
• liinh yurtli and Middle AmcrUv, ii. (11102) p. oSf.
( 275 )
T\]iical 'J'. cr/staUifi, IVom (-'ayeiine, is very dift'creiit, liaviug but a very s]nall
dark ocLraceous gular spot aud the crest reddish orange, bordered anteriorly and
laterally with creaiuy-buff.
I have before lue forty-seven adult SS, and it may not lie out of jjlare to say
a few words about the subspecies of 7". cristntus. 1 can distinguish the i'uUowiiig
forms : —
1. 'rai-liifjihoiius cristatiis cristatui (Giu.).
Typifal locality : Cayenne.
Crest small, reddish orange, broadly bordered in front and laterally with
creamy-buff. Gnlar spot very small, dark ochraceous.
2. T. cii.studis criiifafi'llHS Scl.
Typical locality : Bogota.
Crest small and bordered with creamy-buff as in No. 1, but bright orange-red.
Galar spot variable.
Hab.: " Bogota "—coll. : N.E. Peru (Loretoyacu, Pebas, etc.), N.W. Brazil;
Marabitanas, Barcellos, Borba, Engenho do Gama in Mattogrosso ; Venezuela :
Caura River, a tributary of the Orinoco.
3. T. cristatiis intercedens Berlejjsch.
The type is of the so-called " Orinoco " make.
Crest pure oninge-i/elloir, without any reddish adiiii.xture, but as in Nos. 1 and 2
bordered with creamy-buff.
llab. Orinoco Delta and the adjoining parts of British Guiana.
4. 2\ ciistatus hrummis (Spi.^).
Typical locality : Rio de Janeiro.
Crest much longer and fuller than in Nos. 1, 2, 3, and of a beautiful tiery-red.
There is only a faint indication of a fulvous margin on the anterior border, (iular
spot very large, pale ochraceous.
Hah. Eastern Brazil, from S. Paulo to Para.
lo. Tachyphonus surinamus TLiun.)
Tunhis Kuniiamtfs Linnaeu.s, Si/^t. X<if. x'u. 1. (IVifi) p. '_".'7 (ex Brisson : Surinam).
Tachyphonus suriuamtis .Sclater t^ Salviii, P. Z. N. 1H07. p. .'»71 (Para, MarcU ami May).
One male, in moult, taken April 27 ; two ? i taken 11). i., 27. iv. 19u4. Nos.
2148, 2153, 1916. "Iris brun."
An adult i, collected by Prof Steere near Bemfica, has a large, bright
ochraceous patch, mixed with ferruginous, on each side of the chest, agreeing in
that respect with three SS from Borba (Natterer coll.). In one specimen from
Cayenne — unforluuately not quite adult — there is only a small white spot with a
slight buft'y admi-\ture. Topotypical .Surinam birds are not av;iilabie for comparison.
More material is reiinired tu settle the ijuestion whether the Para form is separable.
10. Arremon silens (Bodd.).
TixiMcjra silem Boddart, Tubl. PI. enl. (17813) p. 41} (baaed on Daubenton, /'/. ml. 74l' : Cajeune).
An-emoii silens Sclater \- Salvin, /'. Z. S. 1807. p. 572 (Capim River) ; Layard, Ihk, 187:!. p. ;j80
(Para).
One male and one female, January 31 and April 27. Nos. 1953, 2153.
These specimens agree very well with examples from British Guiana and tiic
Orinoco region, the male differing only in its much narrower jugular baud.
1!)
( 27(i )
K. Saltator magnus ((iiu.).
Tiimir/ra maf/im Gmelin, Si/sl. Xal. 1. ii. (1788) p. H'.IQ (exBuffon : Cayenne).
Scdiuhr iiMijiius Sclater * Salvin, /'. Z. S, Wu. p. .'172 (Pant) ; Layard, Ihis, 187:i. p. 88U ( Paril).
c? ad. 3. iii. l'J(i4.— No. 2iill ; ? Jaunary 27, 1004.— No. 1947. " Iris bruu."
18. Lamprospiza melauoleuca (V^ieill.).
Siillaliir meUiiinlriiriis Vieillot, Xmir. />i' t. xiv. (lf<17) p. 10,") (" I'Am^riqiie meridionale").
/.iiiii/inixji!:.a nieluiiolciint Pelzelu. Xiir Oriiith. Hnisil. lii. (ISO'.I) p. 218 (P.ir.-t).
d ad., taken April 14, 1904. No. 2ii83.— AI. 9.5; caud. C4A ; r(.,str. l^h mm.
" Iris brun-rouge, pattes noire.^, bee grenat."
?, moulti-ug, taken April lo, 19il4.— Al. 00 ; cand. 71^, ; rostr. 17 mm. Soft
parts as above.
Both these specimens have the bill 1)right blood-red. This colonr evidently
fades soon after death, as shown by two examples obtained by Prof. Steere near Para,
which have dark yellow bills.
The female differs from the male sex in having the whole back and the scapulars
light cinereous and the lower parts pale creamy (instead of jjure white). The np]ier
wing-coverts, however, are glossy black as in the male, not cinereous as stated in the
Cat. Birds, xi. p. 297.
V'^ieillot's description suits our birds very well, but the ujiper iiuindible is
certainly not black, as stated by Vieillot.
10. Pitylus erythromelas (Gm.).
Lnxia cri/thriimelue Gmelin, Si/.^i. .Wit 1. ii. (178s) p. So'.i (ex Latham: Cayenna).
PiUjlus eryihroiin'1'ii Sclater \' Salvin, /'. Z. .S. 18(i7, p. 572 (Capim River, June 18411).
Two adult males, taken •,':!. iv., 7. v. 19ii4. Nos. 21:J0, 2167. " Iris brun " and
" bleu-noir."'
The specimens agree exactly with a series from British Guiana (coll. Whitely)
in ccilour and size.
21), Pitylus canadensis (Linn,).
Liiriii canmh'nxiii Linnaeus, N//.s/. Sttt. xii. i, (176*)) p. 304 (ex Brisson — " Canada " — erroi-e !
We substitute Caijeniie).
Piti/liis cayanensh Pelzeln, Ziir Orn. Bms. iii. (18Gy) p. 221 (Borba, Paia).
J'ili/lun cirklia Sclater & Salvin, I'.Z.S. 1867. p. 572 (Para),
Three specimens, two marked S, one ?, taken 27, i., 5. ii., 15. iv. 10(i4.
Nos. 1940, 10G3, 2091.
They agree with examples from British Guiana collected by tiie late
H. Whitely. The form inhabiting 8.E. Brazil, of which I have before me a
good series from Kio and Bahia, differs only in its larger size, especially
constantly longer tail and in having the forehead and crown much brigliter
coloured, jjure golden-yellow, instead of being yellowish green like the back.
Moreover, the bill is rather shorter and thiclter. Tliis southern subspecies has
to stand as /-*. c. bra.vUeitsis (Cab.).
Mr. iSclater* gives as one of its distinctive char.-icters the "black I'ronl."'
I'liit none of my ten specimens I'rom Hio, Jlinas, and Bahia show any trace of
tin's feature; on the contrary, the forehend is alsvays yellowish green. One
6 ;ul. from Pcrnambuco, however, dilfers very markedly in having a broad black
• Cat. Hirlh Uril. Miis. xi. ]>. :iUi:.
(277 )
frontal l]iiii(l and the wbole lower surface of a much brighter yellow. Otherwise,
it agrees iu colour and size with F. c. brasilienxis. On examining the series in
the British Museum, I find that the two specimens from Pernambuco (coll.
W. A. Forbes) have the black frontal band, which is altogether wanting in the
ten other exaruides from Bahia and Hio, and the lower parts rather brighter
than the latter. I propose, therefore, to separate the form of Pernambuco as
Pitylus canadensis frontalis n. subsp.
Similis subspeciei P. ,-. brasiUcn.sis dictae, sed vitta fioutali nigra et colore
subtus distiucte clariore facile distinguendus.
Tyjie in Mns. Tring, No. 1742. A. Robert coll. " ? " ad. S. Lourenco,
Pernambuco, 28 to m metr. elev., July 29th, 19(1.3. Wing 94, tail SI, bill UU mm.
llalj. Pernambuco, N.E. Brazil.
21. *Guiraca rothschildii Bartl.
Guiraca rnllisch/ldii E. Bartlett, Ann. Mar/. Xat. llisl. (G) vi. (Aug. 18'J0) p. Iij8 (River
Carimang, Brit. Guiana. Types now in Tring Museum, examined).
(?. cyaiiea (uec Linni' I) Chapman and Riker, Auk vii. (1890) p. '2(')8 (Santarem).
CyanocomjisH ci/anohlrx (nee Latresnaye .') Ridgway, Bull. I'.S. Nat. Mas. No. 50 (" Bird.s of
North and Middle America," Part I.) (1901) p. 509 (Brit. Guiana to Lower Amazon).
Guiraca ci/anea roihsrhildi Berlepsch and Hartert, Xoi\ Zuol. ix. (1902) p. 24 (Orinoco regiou).
One adult ?, taken March 4, 1904. No. 2U13. "Iris brun."
In the shape of the bill and coloration this specimen agrees exactly with
the type female from River Carimang, and is, of course, very different from the
female of <t. ci/uiien. Both the upper and lower surface are very much darker
than in the latter bird, and the bill is altogether ditferent, being much longer
and straighter.
Some time ago I examined iu C!ount Berlepsch's collection one male, collected
by Mr. W. A. Schulz near Para. It agrees perfectly with examples from British
Guiana and N.E. Pern. Although recorded from Santarem, this is, I believe, the
first record for Para.
G. rotlisclnldii seems to me to be decidedly distinct from G. ci/anea, and in
my opinion it is but the southern representative of G. concreta ci/anoidcs, with
which it agrees iu the shape of the bill. The females of both forms, too, are
very much alike, that of G. r. cyanoides being only distinguishable by its rather
brighter rusty-brown color.ation. On the other hand, G. ci/anea has a much
shorter and much more curved bill, and the female is very different, as said
above. Moreover, in the vicinity of Puerto C'abello, N.W. Venezuela, there occurs,
side by side with G. ri/anea, a slightly modified form of G. rothschildii which
seems to be an intermediate link between the latter and G. c. cyanoides. These
facts seem to point towards specific distinctness of G. cyanea and G. rothschildii.
The latter is the species to which Mr. Ridgway — quite erroneously— ajiplied
the name "cyanoides." M. de Lufresnaye, when describing his "Corcoborus
cyanoides," gave, in the Latin diagnosis, only the characters of the " female or
junior avis," which,, consequently, must be regarded as the actual type. It has
no bearing whatever on the case that the bird suj)poscd by Lafrc^suaye to be the
male of G. cyanoides, now turns out to belong to G. roth>ichil<lii. Tiierefore
Mr. Ridgway was quite in error iu considering the male specimen in the Boston
Society collection as Lafresnaye's type. A glance at the description of the latter
( 278)
]iroves that the real (fetuale) type never was in the late Baron's possession, but
Inriued part uf Dehittre's collection, whifh was jmrchased by Mr. Alexander Wilson
and presented by him to the Academy of Xatnral iSeieuce of i'hiladelphia. (/?t'c.
Xool. 1847. p. 67.)
In Mr. IStoues pajier on the ty])e specimens of that collection* it is jiroperly
registered as "No. U77."), S Panama, Delattre coll. Type." Lafresnaye's description
thus refers without doubt to the bird renamed by BIr. Uidgway C)/anoi:omjjm
COiicreta ci/ancsi-ens, and the latter name becomes a synonym of GHiram c.
ci/anoides (Lafr.).
22. Sporophila gutturalis (Lcht.).
FrimjUhi yiitluralls Lichtenstein, I'c;;. Duhl. (1823) p. 26 (S. Paulo).
LiM-ui plebi-ja Spix, Ai; Bias. ii. (I82u) p. 4ij, tab. 00, fig. li (on the plate s.n. " Loxia ignobilis ").
Liu ill iijiiohilh id. Lc. p. 46, tab. 59 fig. 3 (on the plate '' Loxia plebeja ") (Para).
••^pfrmophila ijiilliinili-i Sclater X- Salvia, P. Z. H. 1867. p. 572 (Panl, October) ; Layard, Ibix,
1873. p. 380 (Xazare, near Para).
i ad., 2 ii. 1904. No. 1959. " Iris brun, bee gris-bleu."
Not different from ordinary Brazilian specimens except in having the abdomen
slightly paler yellowish, ^\'ith a large series before me I can no longer distinguish
■y. y. paUiila Berl., the supposed characters being by no means constant. S. //.
oUeacea (Berl. and Tacz.j from V/estern Ecuador, however, is easily recognizable
by its much deeper yellow abdomen and some other slight differences.
23. Volatinia jacarina splendens (ViuiU. i.
['raiiiiijni Jiiairhiii Linnaeus, Si/.sl. Xal. xii. i. (1766) p. 314 (ex Margrave — Brasilia).]
Friiii/illii Djilriiilens Vieillot, Xoiic. Dili. xii. (1817) p. 173 (Cayeniie).
Vululiiiia jacaiim Layard, Ibis, 1873. p. 380 (Xazare, Par.i) ; Pelzeln, Zui- Urn. Brazil, iii. (1869)
p. 226 (Pani).
One S jr., January 21, l'.iii4. No. 1927. "Iris brun."
I have before me also an adult 6, collected by Prof. Steere near Para.
These specimens have only the longer under wing-coverts and a small jiatch on
the shoulders white, agreeing in both these respects with several examples from
Cayenne. Messrs. Salvin and Godman {Bioloy. Ce/itr. America i. p. 358) wrongly
referred the Para S2)ecimens to I', jncarina from Brazil which differs in having
all the under wing-coverts and axillaries as well as a distinct patch on the base
of the quills pure white. The white shoulder-patch, too, is much larger and
the wings are longer.
24. Coryphospingus ciicuUatus (P. L. 8. ]\Iiill.).
Fi-inijillu ci'cullata P. L. S. .Muller, .V.i^// -//-(. Si./.jil. ^177i'i) p. 166 (c-x Daubeuton, /'/. uil. 181.
fig. 1. — Cayenne).
Friiigilla ciinUita Gmelin, Hijst. Nut. 1. ii. (1788) p. 926 (bused on the same).
Ciirt/jihoy>iu(jus cnstalus Layard, Ibix, 1873. p. 380 (Pari— August).
One 6 nearly adult, from Igarajie-Assu, taken January 21, 1904. No. 1920.
'• Iris brun-rouge."
This specimen as well as tin" cJ, collected by Layard, differ from a large
series of skins from Paraguay and various j)art8 of Brazil in rather stronger bill
and in having the lower parts much jialer, clear rosy-red instead of deep crimson or
• Proe. .lead. .Y. Sci.. I'liilmMji/iiii, I'.lon. p. .")!.
( 270 )
vinons-reil. None of my fifteen specimens from more sonthern localities sliow any
ajiproacb to those from Parii. A male from British Guiana, however, is nearly as
dark below as southern examples, and therefore I cannot believe that the birds from
Para constitnte a different race. I think the difference may be due to age, for
both the Para specimens seem to be not quite adult.
26. Cacicus haemorrhous (Linn,).
Orinlus hupmarrliniis Linnaeus, Sipt. Nat. xii. i. (1766) p. 161 (ex Brisson, qui describit avem
ex Cayenna. — Mus. Rivilmur (excl. hab. Brasilia — errore !).
Ciixxlriis i(^'»;.s- Swainson, Binh Bra-Jl (1841) tab. 2.
Ou-ima IuiciiwitIiiiiix Sclater & Salvin, P. Z. S. 1S67. p. fiTS (Parji).
Coxxirns iKiriiiorrhiiiiii Laj'ard, Ilnx, 1873. p. 'Ml (Pard).
C. nffiiilx Pelzeln, Ziir Ovii. Bmsil. iii. (186'.l) p. 19.S (part. Pant).
Two cJ(? and one ?, 19, 24, 15. iv. 1'.ih4. "Iris bleu-verd or bleu ciel."
Nos. 2110, 2133, 2088.
These specimens are practically identical witli otiiers from Cayenne and
British Guiana.
The nomenclature of the Ca/. Binla: .\i. p. 324 if. is wrong. The bird there
named ('. ciffiitis ought to be called G. I/cu'morrlious, while the form of the Brazilian
forest region must bear tlie name C. h. ajiliioieti Berlp. Brisson expressly states
that the bird described was from Cayenne, and Linue's name is therefore strictly
referable to the northern subspecies.
26. Sclerurus caudacutus ( Vieill.).
Tliiimiiiijihihis rmidaciitiis Vieillot, Nom\ Dirl. iii, (1816) p. 310 (" a hi Giii/niie " -sc. Cayenne).
SchTurus camlaaitiis Sclater & Salvin, P. Z. .S. 1867. p. 573 (Capim River).
One ? ad., 29. March 1904. No. 2025. "Iris brun foncfi."
It differs from a large series of .S'. mnbii'tta in lacking the deep cliestnut-rnfous
colour on the rump, which is dark olive-brown like the back, and in having the
forehead and the sides of the head strongly washed with rufous (instead of dnll
olive-livowii). The throat, too, is purer white, and the colour of the breast and
abdomen of a more rufous tint.
27. Automolus infuscatus paracusis Hart.
\AiMhaU:s iii/iisraliis* Sclater, Ann. .]fiiij. Nal. Hist. (L') .wii. (185(;) p. 468 (" in Penivia Orientali.")]
AkIiiiiiiiIks scluten paraoixis Hartert, Nor. Zonl. ix. (1902), p. 61 [" Bemavides, near P.ara."]
Anahutes Srla/eri Pelzeln, Ziir Oniith. Hnisil. i. (1867) p. 41 [part. : Borba, Barra do Rio Negro,
ParA].
Phihidor ernllinu-erriix (nee Pelzeln), Sclater & Salvin, P. Z. S. (1867) p. 574 [Para (part.).]
One ? ad., 27. April 1904. No. 2149. Al. 91 : caud. 75 ; rostr, 21 mm.
This specimen agrees with the typo, but is slightly smaller. The examples
collected by Natterer near Borba and Barra do Rio Negro belong likewise to this
subspecies.
The form of the Lower Amazon differs from the typical one in its dark
greyish brown (not pale rufous) crown, nn<l in having flic back of a dull
olive-brown.
Messrs. Sclater and Salvin (I.e.), in their report upon Wallace's collection
* Pelzeln lenaiijed tbis binl A. srliifi'rl *Jn account of there being abeady an .\Hiihatcii in.fitscatit»
Bouap. But the latter is a pure noiueu nudum, and therefore of no value.
( 280 )
from tlie Amazon, mention nnder the head oi Phili/dor enjthrocercits two specimens
wliicli difli'i'red from a ty]iical speiiraeii of tlie latter species in being "larger and
stronger, clearer wiiite below, and with a more rnfous tinge on tiie wings. The
superciliary stripes are absent, and the tail is longer and more rounded." These
two skins are still in the British Museum, where I have examined them. They
belong to ^1. /. paraemis, and have nothing to do with /'. er)/throcercus. In the
Cat. Birds XV. p. 05 the mistake is already corrected, and the examples are placed
with A'ltomolus schiicri.
2.S. Philydor erythrocercus (I'el/,.).
Aiinhatpti eri/tlintrrrrii.t Pelzeln, Sit-. Bpi\ A/.iifl. M'/iit. xxxiv. (18.'(',0 p. lO.'j [" Brasilia " — viz.
Barra do Rio Negro, cf. Orii. liivisil. p. H'JJ.
J'/iili/ilor rn/lliVi'm-ciis Sclater & Salvin, P. Z. N. l«i;7, p. .'J74 ( Pani) pt.
No. 1055. i ad., Igarape'-Assu, 50 ni., Febrnary 1, l'.io4. Al. 77; cand. 68;
rostr. 10 mm.
No. 2029. c? ad., Igarap^-Assii, 50 m., April 2, 1904. Al. 90; cand. 74;
rostr. 18 mm.
No. 21CiS. cJ ad., Igara]ie-Assu, 50 ra., May 7, 1004. Al. t<7 ; cand. 09 ;
rostr. isj mm.
No. 1955 is a yonng bird, and much smaller tlian tlie other specimens.
Robert's skins agree very well with the types in the Vienna Mnseum. A series
from Cayenne is also not ditferent.
20. Glypliorhynchus cuneatus (Lcld.).
Dtmhoi-olujilts cuiieulii.i Lichtenstein, Ahhtuidl. Ahul. ISirlni a. d. Jnliirii 1818-19 (publ. 1820)
p. 204. tab. ii. fig. 2 (" in provincia Bahia " : cf. /..-. a.il. Jah-m 1820-21 (publ. 1822) p. 26fi.)
C'li/phoi-hi/ndnis ciinealns Sclater & Salvia, P. Z. N. 18G7. p. 574 (Pani and Capim River) ; Layard
Ihis, 1873. p. 385 (Para).
Two $S, January 22 and 27, 1904. Nos. 1036, 1049.
;io. Dendrocincla fuliginosa (Vieill.).
Dfiiilrnriiiiiis fuH(jinosii.< Vieillot, Nnur. Dirt. xxvi. (1818) p. 117 (ex " Le Grimpar enfunnV'
Levaillant, IPixt. mil. Proiiiei:, etc., p. 70. tab. 28 ; Cayenne).
■ Dendronihijil.s fiiiiihjiilns Lichtenstein, .Uihiindl. Mud. ISnlin IKl.S-IO (pulil. 1820) p. 2o:! (based
on the same).
Dfndrorhu-h .fiimiijafu Sclater cS Salvin, P.Z.S. IHi;7. p ,',74 ( Pani") : Pelzeln, Ziir Orn. Bras.
i. (18C7) p. 42 (Para).
Driidioriiirlii riifn-uUmrra Ridgway, Prnr. I'.f!. Kill. Mas. x. 1K87 (1888) p. 4'.i3 (Diamantina, near
Santarem).
One <^, nearly adnit, January 21, 1004.
It agrees peifectly with specimens from Cayenne and ISritish Gniana (Uio
Knpununi) in the Tring Museum. One d from Benevides, near Pani (Stcere coil.)
is also not different. Besides these I examined a good series from Pani, Bcn-ba,
and MiiiiMos * (coll. Natterer), and a topotype of J>. nifo-oliraced from Santarem,
kindly lent by the United States National Museum. The latter is rather paler and
more greyish olive-brown underneath than all the other specimens. Since those
from Manaos are quite as dark as the skins from Cayenne and Para, we must
regard this slight difference as individual variation, because it is not possible that
such closely allied forms should have the same distribution.
* Venih-iH-iiirhi .I'umiijalii I'elzeln, Zur Onilth. lirusil, i. (ISIl?) p. 42 (part.).
(281 )
The figure of Levaillant is not a very good one, but cannot be referred to any
otlier species, J>. J'uUyiiiom being tiie only one found in (Jayenne. 1). phu'ochrfla
diifers in lacking the buff postocular stripe, and in having the lower surface ranch
more suffused with rusty without any trace of the pale markings on the lower
tiiroat and fore-neck, so conspicuous in Z>. rufo-oliracea.
31. * Dendrocincla merula (Lieht.).
Demh-oculaptes Merula Lichtenstein, Al,l„iiidl. Akail. Hn-lhi a. d. J. 1818-1'.! (puljl. IS201 p. ilH
[Cayenne : Mus. Berlin].
Dfii'/rofhirht eastanopiern Ridgway, Pror, f'.S. yat. Mii^i. .\. 1887 ( 1888) p. 494 [Diamantina, near
Santarem, Lower Amazon],
One (J, not quite adult, January 21, 19(J4.
Like the type of Z*. merula from Cayenne which I have examined, it has the
hill entirely black. One ¥ juv. from Corba (batterer coll.) aud the female type
of D. castanoptera Ridgw., kindly lent by the authorities of the United Shites
National Museum, have the bill also wholly black. One adult c? from Borba,
two S S from Mnnduapo, Orinoco, one S Marabitanas, oue ? Rio Icanna, one ?
Barra do Rio Negro, and four specimens from the Oaura, have the lower mandihh'
dirty yellowish. As regards colour, Robert's specimen agrees very closely with
one c? from Mundnapo, but has the back rather brighter., On the other hand,
the specimen from Santarem is perfectly identical with the type from Cayenne.
There is considerable variation to be observed in the series before me. The
S from Hio Icanna is mnch the darkest of all, having the whole nnder-surface
almost chestnut-brown. The ? from Borba aud the <S from Marabitanas are a
little paler, the latter with a strong rufons tinge underneath. The other skins
before me are less deeply coloured, those from the Caura being the palest of all.
The differences in colour do not depend on localities, since I have a pale and a
dark specimen both from the Orinoco and from Borba on the River Madeira; neither
does the colour of the bill, as one of two specimens from the latter place has the
bill entirely black, whereas in the other the lower mandible is yellowish white.
At any rate, there is no doubt that the birds from Pani and Santarem represent
the true l>. merula, because they agree with the type.
The following measurements may not lie out of place :
* Topoty|)p of 7). onstanoittrra Ttirlew.
( 282 )
32. Dendrocolaptes certhia iBortd.)-
/■;.•!/.,■ rrrlhiii Boddaeit, Tail. PI. eiil. (17s3) p. :1S (Uiaed on Daubenton, /'/. tnl. C,-2l : " Le Picuiule.
de Catfninr ").
Jhiiiliiiiohijilrg riii/eniieiixis Sclater & Salvin, P. Z. N. 18G7. p. blh (Pari! : specimeua examined).
One ?, May 2, 1904. No. 21oS. Al. 122 ; caud. 121, l ; rostr. 36 mm.
1 liave al.so before me another ? jiiv., cullecfed Ly Professor Steere near
JIargnary, August 23, 1879.
Both tliese specimens belong to typical l>. rcrt/iin, of which I have a good
series from Cayenne, British Guiana, and the (Jriiidco region. They have the
lesser and meilian upper wing-coverts decidedly marked with blackish snbterminal
bars, the feathers of the pilenm show the characteristic jiale fulvous and l)lackish
cross-bars, and the lower parts are finely but distinctly undulated with lilackish,
only the lower tail-coverts being uniform ]iale olivaceous-brown. In all these
respects my Pani specimens, as well as those in the British Museum ( Wallace coll.)
agree perfectly with the typical bird from Cayenne.
On the other hand, one specimen from Diamantina, near Santarem, for the
e.xamination of which I am much indebted to Mr. Kidgway, differs very markedly
from IK ccrtliia (thirty specimens examined) in the following details. The whole
pileum is nearly nniforin pale olivaceous-brown, without the fulvons subterminal
bars, and shows only traces of dark apical margins ; on the lower surface there
are but slight indications of dusky undulations on the fore-neck and middle of the
breast, the rest of the uuder-jiarts being uniform olivaceons-brown. In the coloration
of the lower parts tiiis bird approaches 1>. concolar Pelz., but differs from it ia its
black upper mandible, less rusty abdomen, dusky vermiculations on the fore-neck,
and in having blackish subterminal bars on the lesser and median wing-coverts like
]).crrtliiii. The form from Santarem has been named Ji. obso/rf //■•>* by Mr. Ridgway,
but this name having been previously used by Lichtenstein,t it requires a new one,
and may be called
Deudrocolaptes certhia ridg'wayi nom. nov.
We have thus three distinct forms :
1. 1>. /■eitliia «'/'^/«a (Bodd.), Cayenne, Surinam; British Guiana: Pard,
Forte do Rio Branco and Barra do Rio Negro in North I'razili :
on the Orinoco and its tributary, the ('aura River.
2. D. certhia riilgirai/i Hellm., Santarem.
3. D. certhia concolor Pelz., Rio Madeira and Mattogrosso.
33. Dendrornis spixii (Less.).
Pi,i,l,i/,lr-^ xiili-ii Lesson, Tniilr il'Oni. (lx:ilj p. ;il4 [based ou l),mln„;,liijjl,-x Icniiin.shis (nee
Licht.), Spix, Ai: lira^. i. (1K24) p. 88. tab. 'M. fig, 2—" Br^sil."— We substitute as the typical
locaHty Parn~\.
Diiidrnnih xpixii Pelzoln, Zur Oniilti. Bnisil. i. (18il7) p. 4.5 [Ami.— Specimens in Mus. Vindob.,
examined].
Ji. iiri-lltilit (nee Spix !) Sclater & Salvin, P. Z. »S. 18G7. p. '.ilb [Pani. — Specimen examined].
1). fralen-iiliix Ridgway, Prnr. C. S. Xul. Mim. x. 1887 (1888) p. f)'2(j [Diamantina, near Santarem.
Lower Amazon],
One adult ?, Ajiril 13, 1004. AI. 98i ; caud. S4 ; rostr. 20 mm.
• J'lvc. IJ. S. Aiit. Miis. X. 18S7 (1S88) p. .">L'7 (Dianiaiitiiia, Santarem).
t Ahhandl. Miail. Ikrlin 1818-19 (publ. 1820), p. -JOIi.
I Speciiiien.s in Mus. Vinclob. examined,
( 283 )
It agrees perfectly with a female collected by Natterev near Para. Having
always suspected that the bird described by Mr. Ridgway miicht be the same
as the preseut species, I asked the latter geutlemau to compare his type with the
specimen of D. spixi in the American Museum of Natural History. Mr. Itidgway
kindly writes as follows : " I have now before me the American Museum sjjecimen
of D. sjAxi, from Pard. On comparing it with the type of my D. fraterculus, I
note that they are very much alike, and probahly the same form ; but the type of
D.f rate rod tits is badly made nj), the head and neck being shoved back against the
shoulders, and this causes some differences which are doubtless more apparent thnii
real : for example, the back appears uniform olive-brown, except the extreme upper
portion, and the pale spots on the <'hest appear (thronj^h crowding) to be shorter.
Actual ditl'erences consist in the decidedly darker and more olive hue of the brown
on both upper and under parts, and the darker (nearly black) ground colour of
the pileum. These differences, however, are well within the range of individual
variation in allied sjiecies, and I have little doubt the bird is really 1). spixi."
]>. spill is a very distinct species, perhajjs nearest related to U. elegans Pelz.
and D. trisignis Hellm., with which it agrees in shape and size of the liill. In
colour it reminds one rather of 1). si/surrans, but the pale markings on the breast
and belly are much more longitudinal, and the latter bird has a much larger and
quite differently shaped bill.
It is astonishing that Mr. Elliot, in his monograph of the genus JJendrornis,
declares D. fraterculus to be inseparable from T). susurrans — wholly neglecting their
widely separated areas of distribution — and at the same time allows I>. npij-i to stand
as a distinct species on the strength of the same specimen which Mr. Ridgway, as
quoted above, states to be identical with the type oi l>. fraterculus !
34. Dendrornis eytoni Scl.
Dfiiihiuiiliijjlfx Ei/lnni Sclater, P. Z. S. iKo:'. p. fi'.1. tab. 57 [River Caiiim, near Parji].
Demlronih ri/tiwi Sclater tt Salvin, P. Z. ,S. 18G7. p. \>T,t [Paril] ; Pelzeln, Zur Oriiilh. Drasil. i.
(1867) p. 45 [Pari, Borba, etc.] ; Layard, 74/s, 1873. p. 385 [Para].
Two adnlt birds from Igarape-Assii.
1. No. 193.5. S ad., January 22, 10ii4. Al. 121 ; cand. 100 : rostr. 45 mm.
2. No. 21.5(». i ad., April 27, liJ04. Al. Ill ; cand. '.to ; rostr. 43A mm.
The latter, though marked as a male, is probably a female, and differs from
the larger one in having the pale shafr-stripes on the upper back more bnffy, not
so whitish. Both specimens have the bill entirely black, and the middle of the
abdomen is slightly suffused with fulvous.
35. Thamnophilus major semifasciatus (Cab.).
[Thnmni'phiUis «»(/")■ Vieillot, Nmii-. l)i,i. \\\. (l.sii;) p. ?,13 (ex Azara— Paraguay).]
Diallitdes srniifuHiiutiis Oabanis, Joiini.f. Uiii,l/i. 1812. p. 234 (" Parjl, Guiana, und Venezuela"—
Pard as the typical locality accepted).
Thamnophilus majnr (nee Vieillot !) Sclater & 8alvin, P. Z. S. l.SCi7. p. 575 (Par.'i) ; Layard, Jbis,
1873. p. 356 (ParA) ; Pelzeln, Onulh. Bnuit. ii (18«.8) p. 75. pt. (Forte do Rio Bi-auco, Rio
Amajau, Pard).
One c? ad., April ];i, l'.iii4. No. 204';. "Iris grenat, bee noir, j)ied gris-bien
clair."
This northern subspecies differs from the typical form only in the lesser amount
( 284 )
of wliite on the fail. It iiihaliits Brazil nnrHi of thi' Amazon, C'a5cnnf, (Juiana,
Venezuela, and Trinidad. Possiljly, the female recordeil by Itiker and Chaiiman
s.n. '/'. melanurus * should also be referred to T. m. xemifagciatus.
:^0. Dysithamnus incertus (Pelz.).
TliaiHiinjihiliai iiifeitiii Pelzeln, Zm- (Iniitli. Uni^il. ii. (ISCiH) p. 14il, descr. J [Par:i--coll. Nattercr,
Mu?. Vindob.].
Tluiiiinn/ilnliis sinijili:r Sclater, /his, 1873. p. 387. tab. .w. descr. ^ ? [Para] : Sclater & Salvin,
P. Z. s. 1878. p. 139 [Vigia, near ParaJ.
Vi/'iitliamniis phimhpiis (nee Wied !) Sclater & Salvin. P. Z. .s'. I.si"i7, p. .r,7('i ['• Amazons "].t
No. 1900. S ad., Igarape-Assii, Pan'i, "iti ni. : .liuinnry 17, I'-iiil. Al. Tn ;
cand. no ; rostr. \>^\ mm.
No. 1960. cJ jr., Igarape-Assii, Pant, Tiii m. ; Pfhruary '2, ]'.iii4. Al. fi; ;
cand. 5.5 ; rostr. ; ITi mm.
No. 1933. ((?) jr., Igarape-Assii, Para, .")(i ni. ; January 'J-J, liiii4. Al. fi.i ;
land. S.5; rostr. 18^ mm.
No. 1912. ? ad., Igarape-Assii, Para, 50 m. ; January is, l'.»u4. .\1. 05;
cand. 53i ; rositr. is mm.
The first siiecimen is a fully adult male, tlie two next show some remains of
the yonng jilumage in having the quills and wing-coverts edged or washed with
brownish. Otherwise they have attained the dress of the adult.
The jjroper name of this species is the above one. Through the kindness
of my friend Dr. von Lorenz, of Vienna, I was enabled to compare the type of
'I'll. iricerfiiK Pel/., with those of T. simpler iScl. in the British Museum. As I
had e.xj)ected, the former agrees perfectly with tlie female of the latter species.
Pelzeln's name, being earlier, must be accepted, although he described only the
female. The female sent by Robert differs from the sjieeimeus just mentioned in
having narrow buft" apical margins on the inner secondaries. Throat and fore-neck
are paler ferruginous and less in contrast with the ochreons-brownish belly.
Mus. Vindob. ? ad.. Para, 1834. (;oll. Natterer. Type of T. incertus Pelz.
Al. 60 ; cand. 55 mm.
jrus. Brit. S ad., Para, 1ST3. Layard coll. Type of 7'. simj/lej- Scl. Al. 7",' ;
cand. 57 ; rostr. 18 mm.
Mns. Brit. ? ad., Para, lo. i. '73. Layard coll. Type of 7'. simplex Scl.
Al. 70 ; cand. 6U ; rostr. 18 mm.
I>. ineertus (Pelz.) is a very near ally of J>. xrliixtairus (D'Orb.) — in fact, its
north-eastern representative — the male diti'i'ring only in having the bend of the wing
and the lesser wing-coverts markedly freckled or edged with white, whilst they are
uniformly schistaceous in the latter bird. The females of the two species, however,
are easily distinguishable ; that of 1). srhistnceiis having the lower surface much
paler, bi'ownish buft', almost buti'y whitish on the throat and middle of the abdomen.
The male of /'. pluinhcits (Wied) is also very similar to the same se.x of 7-*. incertus,
but of a much darker slate-colour everywhere, has a considerably shorter tail, and
all the upper wing-coverts are edged with white.
It is rather i|uestionable if these three species can ultimately remain in the
same genus as the short-tailed Ih/sitliamni, but they seem to fit better into the
• Auh IS91, p. 28.
f I have examined the bird collected by Wallace on the Lower Amazon, and found it to be identical
with the type of 7" i^iinplcx. in the Cat. Jlirds xv. p. 2'J(J it is agjiin orroneoiLsly recorded among the
specimens of Dt/sif/uttn/nis jfluiithciut.
( 285 )
latter genus than into Thamnophilus. At any rate they must be placed close
together, as they agree perfectly in structure and style of coloration.
/>. i/iccrtus seems to be strictly confined to the vicinity of Para. T. htoniatnH
Ridgw.,* from Sautarem, is evidently the same as D. schistaceus. Of the latter
species I compared specimens from Borba, which I cannot distinguish from Bolivian
skins. What the so-called Tliamnopliilas simplex '[ from Santarem may be, I
cannot say, but it is certainly not D. liimplex, which never gets a black head.
37. * Thamnomanes caesius (Temm.).
Mn.n,„ii„ r„emi Temminck, Rfr. PI. r„l. livr. :! (October 1820) tab. 17. f5g. 1 (S)- 2 (?) [■ au
Rrusil et a la Guiane." — Temminck got his birds from the Prince of WieJ, and therefore we
may regard .S'"«///-«(s/(')-« BnixilX as the typical locality. Moreover, the description suits the
Brazilian form much better, as there is no mention of a white interscapular patch].
Latiius caesiun Lichtenstein, Verz. Diibl. Berltiin- Mits. (1823) p. 46 descr. (J part ; J .
One immature <S and one ? from Igarape-Assii, 50 m. elevation.
The male shows still some remains of the young plumage in having the greater
series of the upper wing-coverts olive-brown with rusty edges and the secondaries
mostly brownish. On the back there are some olive-brown feathers, and the middle
line ot^the abdomen is rnsty. Otherwise it agrees with adult males of T. caesius,
from S.E. Brazil, and presents no trace of the white interscapular patch which is
so prominent in the allied T. glaucus Cab.
The female of T. caesius differs from that of the latter species in the following
particulars : the upper surface is of a clear olive-brown, much less rufous ; the
abdomen and under tail-coverts are of a much paler ferruginous, the whole breast
being dirty brownish buff, whereas in T. glaucus the deep ferruginous colour of the
abdomen reaches as far as the fore-neck.
I may remark that, while the male of T. caesius possesses no wliite dorsal
blotch, it is very well developed in the female, ([uite as large as in 7". gUuicus ; in
tiie hitter species both se.xes have the white dorsal patch.
It is very interesting to find T. caesius at Para instead of T. glaucus, which
one wonki have expected to occur there. It may be remembered, however, tiiat the
former species has already been collected by Natterer on the Rio Madeira, and lately
I saw specimens which were procured on tlie Rio Jnrua in N.W. Brazil.
No. 11)19. 6 jr., Jaunary 20, 1U04. Al. 71 ; caud. (i6 : rostr. 17 mm.
No. 104s. ?, .January 27, 1904. AI. 72 ; caud. (i4^, ; rostr. 17 mm.
38. Myrmotherula spec.
ihji-mi.thrnila lunrxwelli Sclater & .Salvin. /'. Z. N. 18C,7. p. 570 (Capim River— one female).
One ?, April 5, 1904. No. 2033. Al. 52 ; caud. 23 ; rostr. 15 mm.
It agrees in colour and size with the specimen collected by Wallace on the
Cajiim River, near Para. They are much like the female of M. haujivelli, bur
ditfer at once by lacking the white interscajmlar blotch, which is always very well
developed in the latter bird. Jlost likely they represent a new form, but it is liot
advisable to name it without knowing the male.
• Proe. U. S. Nat. Mtis. x. 1887 (18S.S). p. 522.
f Riker .t Chapman, Auk 1K!)1. p. 28.
\ '• Icli crhiclt ihn zuerst sUilUch am FIu.ssc Iritibii, iu den Waldungen von Villa Xova de Bcnevente
[buth in Espiritu Santo], spiiter auoh im Sertong der Provinz Bahii."— Wied, Jicltriige yatiinj. Brasil-
:t. ii. (1831) p. 82S f.
( 28fi )
'M. " Myrinotherula longipennis Pdz.
Mjiimi'iliiiiihi IiDit/ijieiDii.i Pelzelii, /Ciir Oni. /Iras. ii. (18('j8) p. 15:i [Marabitanas, Rio Xcgro].
One young S, Jaiuiary ~'0, 1904. No. l'.»44.
.\lthniigli not qnitn adnlf, it belongs witliont doubt to tlie present species,
having the U])jier parts of the same dark shity grey as a series from the CJanra,
River, which I compared with the types in the Vienna Museum.
41). * Myrmotberula ciuereiventris Scl. i Salv.
.)/. liiid-iirriiU-h Sclater iS; Salvin, /'. Z. S. 1SG7. p. T.')!! (pt. Cayenne, Surinam— type ex Cayenne :
cf. C«l. Hirils XV. p. L'44).
No. 1913. cf ad., Igarapd-Assii, Para, .January 19, 19u4. Al. iuih ; cand. ^C) ;
rostr. 16 mm.
No. 1911. (? fere ad. Igarap6-Assii, Para, .Tannary 18, 10(14. Al. 5.5;
cand. 28J ; rostr. 1.5 min.
No. 2028. ? ad., Igarape-Assii, Para, Aiiril 2, 19(i4. Al. 5:?J ; cand. 27;
rostr. 1.5^ mm.
The males hardly differ from a large series of skins from the (Orinoco and
Canra rivers, but the female is very mnch darker fulvons on the lower parts.
41. Cercomacra tyrannina (Scl.).
Pj/rigletia tymnniiia Sclater. P. '/.. 8. 18.55. p. flO. tab. '.tS (Bogota coll.) descr. $ <? .
Ciri-iinmrm hjrttnn'ma Pelzeln, Ziir Orn. Brim. ii. (1868) p. K4 (Panl); Layard, fhis, 187.^, p. 387
(Pant). '
Two J ad., two immature S <S , and two ? ?. IT. i., 13, 14, 22. ii., 2. iv. 1904.
Nos. 1907, 1971, 1972, 1974, 1989, 203ii.
These specimens are not different from topotypical Bogota skins except in
averaging somewhat smaller.
42. * Cercomacra sclateri nom. nov.
One ? ad., taken April 28, 1904. No. 21.54. "Iris brun."' AVing, 01 ; tail, 04 ;
bill, 17 ; graduation of tail, 22 mm.
This s]iecimen agrees in structure and colour witli a female from (.'hyavotas,
N.E. Peru (Bartlett coll.), in the British Museum. In both there is a distinct
white 2)atch on the shoulders, the upper wing-coverts have very distinct white
apical margins, and the tail-feathers (except the middle pair) have large white
tips. Robert's specimen differs from the Peruvian one in having the upjier
wing-coverts more mi.xed with blackish, the ti])s to the tail-feathers rather shorter.
and the upper surface a little duller, less brownish. These differences, however,
may be individual.
I take this opportunity to give a short review of the three first species of
Ci'icomac/a — viz. C. caendescens, ('. riiierasceits, and C. Hupcitsis of the Cut. Birds
XV. I regret to say that the characters and disfribntion of these birds, as given
in the work alluded to, are ijuite incorrect and insufficient. I examined the
material iu the Vienna, Tring, and Bcrlejisch Museums, and have likewise carefully
gone over the series in the British Museum which foruic(l the basis of Jlr. Sclater's
conclusions. Altogether 1 was able to study fnrty specimens.
( 287 )
a. (\'rcoiiiacr(L t-iiierasceits (8cl.).
Fvnnii-wom ciiierasccns Sclater, 1'. Z. N. W.tl . p. 131 part (descr. part. ; ob*. et habitat : " in lipis
fl. Napo ").
Ccrcomwi-a napensis Sclater, /'. Z. S. 1868. p. 572 (Rio Napo).
C. mipensin Sclater, Cal. Birth. Brit. .^^UK. xv. p. 265.
C. iinerasceiis Sclater, Crit. BiriU Brit. }rn!f. xv. p, 264 (part. ; spec, a—^f, /,, /).
(?. (Cinereous ; no white patch on the shoulders ; upper wing-coverts
cinereon.s, sometimes witli sliglit nr evrii distiact white margins ; tail-feathers
with distinct white tips varying in length from 3 to 5 mm. (Jraduation of the
tail 18—^2 mm.
Habitat. Eastern Ecuador : Rio Napo (ex Verreaux), Sarayapu (Buckley).
N.E. Peru: Pebas (Hanxwell). Venezuela: Munduapo, Orinoco (Cherrie), La
Pricion and La Union on the Canra R. (E. Andre). Brit. Gniana : Bartica Grove,
(-'amacusa, Ourumee (Whitely). Caijeniie : Oyapoc (ex Verdey).
Measurements :
The males of the above series are quite uniform, having no trace of white on
the shoulders. The upper wing-coverts are always clear cinereous, never black
as in the following species.
On (^oiu|iariiig the types of ('. uapeiiisi.f and C. cinerascens 1 find thai the
tonner diti'ers only in its uniform cinereous wing-coverts, which have distinct
white margins in the hitter. In the series from British Gniana, however, there is
a complete transition between these extremes.
No. 0 agrees with the tyjie of C. iiajjensi.^ in having no trace of white markings ;
in Nos. 4 and 5 there are faint indications of white edges on some of the middle
and greater coverts, and No. 1~ shows distinct white margins on all iii)pcr wing-
coverts, hi all other respects the sujiposed species without margins agrees with
the uniform-winged bird. As the types of both ('. mj>rii.-<i.-< and ('. c/iieraiscen.i
came from the Rio Napo, there can be no longer any doubt thai liiey belong to one
( 288 )
and the same species. I may remark that in a large series of the allied C. iiiffrexcens
(Cab. & Heine) the same variation is to be observed. There might be perhaps
some uncertainty about the application of the name C. cinerascenit, for Mr. Sclater,
when describing tlio species, confounded it with the liird here called C. .vlatrri,
the S jr. from Chamicnrros belonging to that species. As ho, however, expressly,
states that /•'. ci nerascens differs from its Brazilian ally (= C. brn.vliroift itiilii)
" cumptcriitt iion alliig'' which cliaracter refers only to C. napcnxis, it becomes
evident that he regarded the Napo specimen as the type. Consequently the name
cinerascens is to be transferred to the species hitherto called ('. iiupt'nsits.' This
is very unfortunate, but I see no way to avoid this change of wrongly " established
nomenclature."
The females, referred to above, are very uniform in coloration. There is never
any trace of a white shoulder-spot, and the wing-coverts are either uniform or show
only very slight buify-whitish margins on the greater series. One specimen from
Pebas (No. 2ii of the above list) agrees in every respect with the examples from
Eastern Ecuador, and is, no doubt, referable to C. cinerascens.
b. C. sclateri nom, nov.
Fijvmicivora cinerascens Sclater, P. Z. S. 18;i7. p. 131 part [excl. descr. et hab. " fl. Xapo "] ('■ in
Peruvia orientali, Chamicurros " : (J jr.).
Cevcomacra chicrascens (nee Sclater 1857 !) Sclater, Cfit. Birch Brit. .lA«s. .xv. p. 204 part, (descr. et
Bpecimens : 3 — j onhi).
C. caerulescens (nee Vieillot I) Petzeln, Oni. Brasil. ii. (18()8) p. 84.
(?. Differs from that of the foregoing species in having a distinct white patch
on the shoulders, and the wing-coverts black, with sharj}ly defined wliite apical
spots or margins. The general colour, too, is darker, more schistaceous, espei'ially
on the lower surface. Tail-feathers with broad white tips varying in length from
5 — 9 mm. Graduation of tail 20 — 24 mm.
Habitat. S.E. Peru: Iquitos (Hahnel) ; Chyavetas and U])])er Ucayali
(Bartlctt) ; Yurimaguas (Stolzmann) ; between Moyobamba and Xeberos (coll.
l^aimondi) ; Sarayacu (Bartlett) ; Chamicuros (Hauxwell) IT. Bra:il: Matto-
grosso ; Salto do Girao and Borba, on the Eio Madeira (Natterer) ; Cachoeira, near
Guyaba (Smith). S. Brazil : Igarape-Assii, near Panl (Robert).
( 289 )
All tlie males exainiueil by me agree in tlie aliove cbaracters, and are thus
readily distinguishable from C. cinerascens. Natterer's 8|)ecimens from Borba and
Mattogrosso differ slightly in being of a lighter grey, and some come very near
C. cinerascens in the paleness of their colour. Yet they are easily known by the
white shonlder-patch and the colour of the wing-coverts.
The four females differ from the same sex of C. c/'iiera.wr/i.s in having tiie
shoulder strongly mixed or sjjotted with white, while it is always uniform olive-
brown in the latter species. All the upper wing-covcrts, too, show sharply defined
white apical margins. As in the ? of C. cine ratteens, the tail-feathers have large
white spots and the lower surface is of a dnll ochreous-brown.
Cercomacra lirasiliana
uom. nov.
Ccivoman-a can-ulesi-oi^ (nee J/i/rmuthpnt rnerulesceiiM Vieillot !) Sclater, Cal. /lii-cla llril. JIus. av.
p. 264 (S.E. Brazil).
<J ad. Agrees with that of C. sclateri in having a large white shoulder-patch
and the upj)er wing-coverts margined with white, but differs in the following
particulars : the bill is considerably smaller and weaker, the tail much longer
and much more graduated ; the tail-feathers have only narrow white apical margins
(instead of long tips), and the outermost feather of the alula has a very distinct
white edge along the outer web. The general colour, too, is much paler grey,
quite us pale as in C. cinerascens, etc. Graduation of the tail, 35 — 4:^ mm.
? . Quite distinct from the females of C. cinerascens and C. sclateri in having
no white at all on the tail, which is jiale olive-brown (not greyish or blackish grey
as in its allies). The tail is also longer and much more graduated, the bill narrower
and weaker. The under surface is much brighter coloured and more like that of
C. ti/rannina ? , from which it differs in its much longer and strongly graduated
tail. The wing-coverts are uniform olive-brown, and there is no trace of white
on the shoulders.
Habitat. S.K. Brazil: Kio-make (in coll. Hellmayr, Viudob. et Mus. Brit.);
" am Fuss der Serra d'Estrella, Rio " (M6n6tries).
Mr. Sclater {Cat. Birds xv. p. -04), following Menetries, calle<l the species
C. caerulescens ex Vieillot. This application of the name, however, is erroueous.
Mijrmothera coerulescens Vieill.* is described from " Gnyane," which meant
Caijenne. If really referable to some species of Cercomacra, it can only be intended
for the bird 1 cull C. cinerascens, which is the only one found in Cayenne. Vet it
appears to me higlily ijuestiouable whether Vieillot's typo belonged to the genus
•l.Vu«r. DU-t. xli. (1S17), p. lOH.
( 2t»0 )
Cercomacra at all. His measurements, " quatre ponces et demi de longueur tutale,"'
correspond with those given by him for Mi/r moth era cinnjianella (= Uijj)Ociieniiis
rantatoi), which is a much smaller bird than any of the Cercomacra species in
question. Most probably Vieillot had some species of Miirmothcrnla before him,
and under these circumstances it seems to me the only way to drop the name
caerulesceus altogether. In any case, it is not applicable to the long-tailed
Cercomacra of 8.E. Rra/.il, lor which accordingly I pnipose the new name
C. brasi liana.
The fnll synonymy of jiU species of Cercomacra will be given in a special
paper which 1 hope to publish shortly.
43. Pyriglena leuconota (Spix).
.Ul/iithera leticmiola Spix, Ar. Bras. i. (1824) p. 72 tab. 72, fig. 2: descr. ? [-'in confinibus
Piirae "].
Tliamnojihilits leui-nnnliin Spix, ho. ii. (1825) p. 28 tab. :i9. fig. 2 : descr. (^ [•' in sylvis Airac "].
f'l/iirjleiiii manni (nee Mene'tr.) Pelzeln, Zin- Oni. ISrusil. ii. (18i;8) p. S[> part. (Para).
/'. aha (neo Swainson !) Sclater & Salvin, /'. Z. S. 1867. p. 576 (Pani) ; Layard, Ibis, 1873. p. :i87
(Para).
Three adult S6 and one ?, January 17, 18, 2ii, 24, 10U4. A. Kobert coll.
Nos. 1905, 1918, 1941, 1909.
Iris marked by the collector as "grenat" in the males, " rouge vif" in the
female ; bill and feet " noir " in the males, " gris bleu " in the female, the feet
darker, more blackish.
The female collected by Robert, as well as another from the collection of
Professor Steere, agree with the type of the species (Mus. Munich) in having no
trace of a pale supraloral streak, this region being uniform blackish grey. The
upper surface is dull rufous-brown, and the feathers of the interscapulium are
broadly white at the base, this colour being followed by a distinct blackish sub-
terminal bar, as is the case in Spix's type.
The female of P. leuronota maara (Men^tr.) from Central Brazil ditfers at a
glance by having a very well-marked whitisli supraloral strijie and the back of
a paler, more reddish olive-brown colonr. Tiie forms of I'/jriylcua will be more
fully discussed in my tbrthcoming paper on the types of Spix.
44. * Hypocnemis vidua n. sp.
? . //. H. griseiventris (Pelz.)* dictae similis ; sed multo minor rostro debiliore
ac breviore, fronte pileo concolore brunnea (nee ferruginea), capitis lateribus pallide
griseis (minime ferrugineis), corpore superiore minus rnfescente tincto ct macula
cclata inter.^capulari alba vix conspicua.
Forehead, pileum, and back warm olivaccoiis-brown, the latter with a slight
rufous tinge, some of the iutersL-ii(iuIar feathers showing a little white on the base ;
lesser upper wing-coverts like the head, greater and median series and quills
dusky, margined with the colour of the back ; tertials washed on both webs with
olive-brown ; primary coverts uniform dusky ; tail dark grey on the base, more
olivaceous on the onter webs, with a broad blackish snbterminal bar and a distinct
white apical band. Lores, sides of the head, including superciliary region, pale
' I'itlnjs tjrUriventrit rulzcln, /itr OruUh. BrunH. ii. (Isus) pp. si), 107 (Villa Maria, Engeulio do
liiima, IJorba).
( -^91 )
grey. Loww' surface pale grey, palest in the middle of the abdomen ; throat
whitish, flanks washed with brownish ; nnder tail-coverts greyish, mure whitish on
the tijis ; axillaries and under wing-coverts pale greyish, quill-liuiug very indis-
tinctly edged with dull whitish. " Yeux clair (gris), pied gris clair, bee noiratre."
Wing, 62i ; tail, 3U ; tarsus, 2U ; bill, lo mm*
Ti/pe : A. Robert coll. No. lOyiJ. ? ad., Igarape-Assu (Paraj, oU m. elev.,
February 22, 10o4.
This species is nearest 11. grUeicentris (Pelz.), but, as pointed out in the above
diagnosis, it diifers in much smaller size, shorter and weaker bill, less reddish back,
with the white interscapular blotch barely indicated, and especially by having the
forehead and sides of the head not pale ferruginous. The former is olive-brown
like the occiput, and the latter are clear cinereous like the nnder-surface. On the
other hand, the tail is quite the same in both species, showing a broad lilackish
subterminal cross-baud (of about G — 8 mm. breadth), which is followed by a sharply
defined white apical margin (about 2 mm. broad).
The nearest ally of //. grisi'iveittris and //. vidua is evidently //. poeciUnota.
The female of the latter species, however, is readily distinguished by having broad
fulvous terminal margins ou the upper wing-coverts, tertials, and interscapulars ;
the upper wing-coverts are moreover deep black, and there is a band of white spots
across the middle of the tail-feathers, besides other differences.
The bill of//, lidaa is a little different iu shape from that of typical Ih/pocueinis,
being rather higher and more abruptly flattened towards the base.
Unfortunately Mons. Robert sent only one female of this distinct species. Of
the allied //. i/^-isfirentris also the male is as yet unknown. Nevertheless, there is
no doidjt that both represent very well-marked species of Hypocnemis.
4.0. Phlegopsis paraensis Hellm.
Phlegnpais pirue)isi8S.elhasiyT, (Jni. Monhcr. xii. (April I'JOt) p. b'A (Pani : coll. Natterer ; Mus.
Vindob.).
Phloiiopsis ii/i/miuwiihita (nee Lafr. & D'Orbigny I) Sclater & Salvin, P. Z. S. 18G7, p. 5715 (Para) ;
Peheln, Zur Orn. Bmx. ii. (181)8) p. iMI part. (Para) ; Sclater, Cut. Birds Brit. Mus.xv. (1890)
p. 299 part. (spec. «, b, r.).
No. 2169. (J ad. Igarap*^ Assu, Para, 51) m., Mny 13, 1904. Al. 91 ; caud. 56 ;
rostr. 20i mm.
No. 2173. c? ad., same locality, May 14, 1904. Al. 90i ; caud. 57; rostr.
21 mm.
" Iris bleu fonce " (2169), " grenat " (2173), bill and feet " noir."
These birds are both adult, and exhibit all the differences pointed out by me (/.'".).
Since describing the species I had an opportunity to comjiare the series in the
British Museum. Specimens a and /j of Sclater's list (ride sujtra) arc typical of
P. paiaeims, and specimen d belongs also here. It is labelled " Rio Napo, Verdey,"
but the locality is doubtless erroneous, and from the make of the skin it is evident
that it came really from Cayenne, whence Madame Verdey of Paris got many birds.
The seven specimens now examined by me all have small white ajiical spots,
followed by black subapical ones, on the najie, and the tail-feathers show broad
sagittate black markings near the tip. In the Oruith. Monatsberickte I gave a key
to the species of the P. niyromaculata group.
* The tour typ«s of H. griseiventris (Vienna Museum) measure as follows : Wing, 67, tj?, (iS, 70 ;
tail, ij, Ij, -17, 50 ; bill, 16i 16, 18, IS mm.
ao
i-92 )
^(i. Formicarius ruficeps amazonicus Hellm.
.Uyothera ruficfjis Sjiix, Ar. Unix. i. (18l'4) p. 72, tab. Ixxii. fig. 1 (Brasilia).]
Fui-muaiiiis riipfpx uniusoiiii im Hellmayr. Dniith. M'/nbrr. \. (March 19112) p. 34 (Bcrba : Xatterer
coll. : Mus. Vindob.).
One c? adnlt, May 3, 1004. No. '2102. Al. 8'.^ ; caiifl. aij ; rostr. 2ii mm.
This .s])eciiiieti ditfer.s f'roiu a series of true /'. rtijiccps from S. Panlo and Baliia
only in its decidedly darker rufous pileum ; the other points of distinction do not hold
good. Against my former statement (/.r.) the back iu the Pani specimen is even more
greenish than in liirds from S.E. Brazil, and the wings are of ijuite the same colour
in both. Perhaps the nurthern form will turn out to be inseparable when a larger
series is available.
As pointed out in my former article {Oni. Monbir. x. p. :54), the proper name
for the red-fronted species is /'. i-ujicepi (Spixj, of which I examined the type in the
Munich Museum. But the black-fronted species must bear the name Formicarius
colma Bodd. {Tabl. PL eiil. 1783. p. 44), based on D'Aubenton's PL 7U3. fig. 1,
which obviously represents the female of the Cayenne form. The female of
/'. colma has always the throat pure white, sharply defined against the sooty grey
breast ; in /•'. rujiceps the sexes are exactly alike, the throat Ijeing black like the
sides of the head in both. Only young birds have the throat white, freckled with
blackish.
47. * Conopophaga roberti Hellm.
Bull. Brit. Oni. CI. No. cxiv. (March 190.".) p. [,i.
i ad. Top and sides of the head, throat and foreneck black ; postocular pencil
of elongated feathers silky white ; back and upper wing-coverts pale rufons-brown ;
quills dusky, outer webs and tertiaries pale rufous-brown, rather lighter than the
back ; tail rather more olive-brown. Sides of the body pale greyish with a slight
olivaceous brown admi.xture on the flanks ; middle of the breast and abdomen
white ; under tail-coverts whitish. Axillaries pale grey with white margins; under
wing-coverts whitish, those near the edge of the wing iilack. Inner edge of the
quills very indistinctly dirty greyish white; thighs dark grey with paler tips.
Upper mandible black, lower one whitish. Iris " bruu-noir," feet " gris-bleu clair."
Al. 71 i ; caud. 39 J ; rostr. 1.5 mm.
Type : S ad. Igarapt^Assii (Para), 5U m., April 4, l'.)ii4. No. 2ii32.
Mons. Robert sent only one male of this interesting species. Its nearest ally is
C.melanoyastra, but the latter is much larger,* with a considerably longer and heavier
bill ; the back and upper wing-coverts are deep chestnut, and tiie black of the throat
extends over the whole breast, only the abdomen and the flanks being dark grey.
G. aurita (Gm.) agrees in form and size with C. roherti, but differs at a glance in
having the top of the head rufous brown and the foreneck bright chestnut-rufons,
besides other differences.
The type specimen has slight blackisii apical margins on some of the dorsal
feathers ; these markings, however, are nuu-li h'ss a]ipiirent than in the allied
C. aurita.
* Two m:ile.s of C. melamnjiutra from liorba iu the Vienna Museum mea^iure ua follows : Al. SI— S2 ;
caud. 43 — 4i : rostr. 19— 2U mm.
Mjl^ Biaz
( 293 )
48. Corythopis torquata anthoides (Puch.).
[Ciirijthnpis torqimta Tschudi, Arrh. Xiit,(r,/. Kli (l''^-'-') P- -i-' (Peru) (see Berl. & Hellm. Joitrn.
f. Oniith. VMa. p. 10).]
iluxckapa aiilliuides Pucberan (ex Cuvier M.S.), An-li. Mas. Paris vii. (I85y) p. 334 (Cayenne).
Cori/lhoj/is (Oirtoirfes Sslater & Silvin, P. Z. S. 1867. p. 577 (Pard).
One i ad., April (J, li)U4. No. :ia3G. It agrees iu culuiir and size with
topotypical Cayenne skins. The toj) of tlie head is dark grey and the back of a dull
greenish brown.
49. * Rhynchocyclus olivaceus (Temm.).
riatyrhfiwhos ulivaceiis Temmiiick, PI. Oil, livr. 2 (.Sept. 1820) tab. 12. fig. 1 (" Brusil " : we accept
Bahki as the typical locality).
One ? ad. May 7, 1905. No. 2165. "Iris brun-ronge." Al. 7U ; caud. 60 ;
rostr. 16J mm.
This specimen differs from a series of true li. olicace/is e.\ Bahia and Uio in its
much smaller size * and in having rather narrower and paler fnlvous margins to the
upper wing-coverts. Blost proliably it represents an nndescribed subspecies, but
I do not like to name it from a single specimen. The species has not before been
recorded from tlie Lower Amazon.
50. Myiozetetes cayanensis (Linn.).
ilitscimpa cayunensis Linnaeus, Sysl. Mtit. xii, 1. (176G) p. 327 (ex Brisson : Cayenne).
Mi/iuzetetes adiimbiamtr: (nee Cab. & Heine!) Pelzeln, Ziir Orii. Bras. ii. (18G8) p. 109 (part. ; Rio
Muriii, near Para : specimen in Mus. Vindob. examined).
ilyiozeles cayenneims Sclater & Salvin, /'. Z. H. 18li7. p. 577 (Para, August 1848).
One cJ juv., April 23, 1904. No. 2130. " Iris brown, feet and bill black."
This bird is typical of M. cai/ane/isis, to which species the specimen of Natterer's,
recorded by Von Pelzeln s.n. M. columbiaiius, also belongs.
51. Myiarchus tuberculifer (Lafr. & Orb.).
Tyrannus tubenulifer Lafresnaye & Orbigny, .S'//«. .1''. i. in Maij. Zaul. 1837. vol. ii. p. 43 (Guarayos,
East Bolivia).
Myiarchus tricalur Pelzeln, Zur Urn. Brazil, ii. (1868) p. 182 (Rio & Sapitiba, S.E. Brazil).
Myiarchus sp., Sclater & Salvin, P. Z. S. 1867. p. 578 (Rio Tocantin^).
One ¥ in moult, January 23, 19(14. No. 1939.
It agrees perfectly with the male type of M. tricolor, having the cap sooty
blackish and the abdomen very pale yellow. About the nomenclature of this species
see my forthcoming paper " On little known types in the British and Paris Bluseums."
52. Empidonomus varius (Vieill.).
Musi'irK/m mria Vieillot, .Y..uc. Dirt. xxi. (Isl8) j>. 4.')8 (ex Azara No. 187 : Paraguay).
Empidimiiinas rdi/ws Layard, Ibis, 1873. p. .^83 (Para); Pelzeln, Zur Oru. Bras. ii. (1868) p. 117
(Par;i).
One d", January 21, 19U4. No. 1921. Agreeing with a series from Soutli
Brazil and Bahia. Topotypical Paraguay skins were not available for comparison.
* Two mail's from lialiia measure ; al. Tfi, 7'.) ; caiiil. O-s, 73 mm.
One male from Uio : al. 7S ; cauil. 71 mm.
One female from IJaliia ; al. 74 ; caud. 66 mm.
Five uusc.\ed siJccimens, Uahia : al. 77 — T'.ii ; caud. 7U— 72 mu
f 294 )
53. Pipra opalizans Pelz.
Piljm iijiaUMiis Pelzeln, Ziir Ornilh. BrasH. ii. (18G8)pp. 128, 186 descr. orig. S (Pari) ; Berlepsch
Ibis, 1898. p. GO, tab. 2 {g ad.) (Ourem ou the River Guamn) ; Hellmayr, Verhuudl. Zuol.-Iiol.
Geselhch. Wieii (i;i03) p. 201 (de:-cr. $ ).
1. c? ad., April 19, 10(14. No. 211:.. " Iri.s blanc-argent, pied jauuo cliiir,
bee bleu blancbfttre." Wing, 53 ; tail, 2tiA ; bill, !•» ram.
2. ? ad., April 7, 1904. No. 2u38. "Iris blanc-jauue, pied jairae, bee
violet en dessus, violace en dessons." Wing, 53i ; tail, 3U ; bill, lo lum.
3. (?)ad., April 7, 1904. No. 2041. "Iris brnu, pied blanc-jauue, bee
violet en dessus. Wane sole en dessous." Wing, ."i4 ; \m\, '.'0 : liill, 10 mra.
No. 1 is a perfectly adult raale, and agrees in every res[iect witli the description
aud figure in the M/.s. The females are also absolutely identical with the specimen
described by me I.e.
P. opalizan.'i is evidently confined to the faunal region of I'anl As yet only
five specimens are known : one c? in Count Berlepsch 's collection, one S and three
? ? in the Tring Museum. It seems that tlie species is by no means rare near Para
since M. A. Robert, who was chiefly engaged in collecting mammals, could get three
specimens within a few days.
54. Pipra leucocilla Linn.
Pipra hm-ocWa Linnaeus, ilus. Ail. Frid. ii. Prodr. (1704) p. 26 (loc. ign. : we substitute .■itiriiiam).
Solater & Salvin, P. Z. S. ISfi". p. 58i) (Para) ; Layard, /his. 1ST.'., p. 384 (Parit).
One c? juv., coloured like a female, March 13, 19u4. No. 2009. "Iris
greuat."
The Tring Museum possesses also two cJJ ad., collected by Prof. .Steere near
Marguary aud Benevides in Jnly 1879.
55. Tityra cayana (Linn.).
Limine Cai/tinus Linnaeus, .S>Y. .V«/. .\ii. 1 . (I7G6) p. 137 (ex Brisson : " Cayania ").
Titi/ra aiijuiM Pelzeln, Zw Urn. Brua. ii. (1868) p. 119 (Pard : one ? in Mus. Vindob. : spec,
examined) ; Sclater & Salvin, P. Z. S. 1867. p. 578 (Para).
? ad., 15. iv. 1904. No. 2086. " Iris brun."
The Tring Museum possesses also a pair, collected by Prof Steere, in the
vicinity of Para. These three specimens as well as the female in the Vienna Museum
(coll. Natterer) are typical T. rdi/ana, only the apical third or half of the bill being
black ; the females are i)ure ashy grey ou the upper surface, not at all washed with
brownish, aud the top and sides of the head are uniform black without any white
streaks.
It seems, however, that T. hrazilieii.sia (Sws.) also occurs near Para. I have
examined one female in the Vienna Blnseum, which 1 cannot distinguish from females
e.x Kio, S. Paulo, etc. The head is all over striped with lilack and white, the back
strougly suffused with pale brownish aud the bill almost entirely black, except at
the base.
I cannot believe that two forms so nearly allied as V. (•«//«/«« and 7'. brazilicii.v.-<
should occur side by side, and I trust further researches on the Lower Amazon will
prove that mighty river to separate their ranges.
I may add that T. intermedia Cab. & Heine • is apparently based upon females
• Miiu-um llcinraii. ii. (ISSIl) p. .si— rarii.
( 205 )
of 7'. hntziliensis. It is said to differ from the latter in its ratlior narrower and
diflferently-eolonred bill. As a matter of fact, bowever, the ? from Pani in the
Vienna Mnsenm agrees in botb these respects with ordinary females from South Brazil,
while one from Barra do Rio Negro and another from Mattogrosso show that colour
of the under mandible as described by Prof Cabanis, the basal third and the tip being
yellowish, only the middle portion black. Yet I do not attach much importance to
this difference, as fmra the same locality (Engenho do Gama in Mattogrosso) there
is a female with the bill coloured as usual.
56. Lathria cinerea CVieill.).
Ampelis cinerea Tieillot, Noiir. Dirt. viii. (1817), p. Iii2 (Cayenne).
LijHiii;/iiis rim>racei(s Sclater & Salvin, P.Z. S. 18t)7, p. .')7fl (Paril).
Four SS, 18. i., 20. i., 2. ii.. 4. ii. I'.m)4. Xos. 1908, 1917, 10.-)7, 1902. " Iris
l)rnn," in one marked " grenat."
These skins are not different from specimens from Cayenne and British Guiana.
Berlepsch and Hartert* have already observed that the so-called />. phimbea ex
Bahia cannot be separated.
.^iT. Lipangus simplex ("Licbt.).
Muscicapa simplex LichteD.stein, Vcr:.. Dull. (1823), p. 53 (Baliia).
Lipangus simplex Pelzeln, Znr Oriiifh. llraxil. ii. (1868) p. 123 (Pari).
One (? ad., April 26, 1004. No. 2146. " Iris brun."
It agrees with specimens from British Guiana, Bogota coll., and the Orinoco
region. A skin from Bahia (true L. simplex) differs in tbe less pure, schistaceous
colour above, which shows a decided olive wash, and in the greenish tint of the
lower parts.
L. imnnnuhis Scl. & Salv. does not belong to this genus, and will be discussed
by me on a future occasion.
58. Xipholena lamellipennis (Lafr.).
Ampelis lamellipennis Lafresnaye, M<ig. Znul. (183'.l), tab. 0 (" TAnii^rique du Sud "— we substitute
Pai-ii as typical habitut).
Xipholena lamellipennis Sclater & Salvin, /'. Z. S. W\7, p. 580 (Pard) ; Pelzeln, Znr Orn. Brai. ii.
(1808), p. 133 (Parii).
One S ad., 18. iv., one t? juv., 15. iv., one ?, 27. iv. 1904. Nos. 2043, 2087,
2147. " Iris jaune " or " jauue-blanc."
This beautiful species is evidently confined to the faunal region of Pard.
59. Haematoderus militaris (Lath.).
Corarias milUnris Latham, hid. Ornilh. Snpjil. (1801) p. .\xvii (" Cayana").
Ilaematodems milituris Sclater & Salvin, /', Z S.. 1867, p. 580 (Cametd) ; Pelzeln, Znr Orn. Bras. ii.
(1868) p. 134 (Par.i).
One cJ, IS. iv. 19u4. No. 21 In. " Iris brnn." AVing, 2n3 ; tail, 132; rostr.
30;^ mm. This specimen agrees with another from Cayenne in having the nape,
back, and wings black, only the head and the lower surface being red, but difters
from it in decidedly shorter wings and in tlie much jialer (rosy red iiisteail ol dark
* .Yiir. Xiwl. ix. (I1I02J, p. 57.
( 290 )
crimson) colour nndonipatli. I snpiiosp that the birds with black hark arc mail}"
the old females, and those described by Mr. Sclater as being " above sooty brown "
are yonng ones.
Perhaps the Para form could be separated snbspecifically. More material,
however, is retjuired to settle the question.
Hi I. Momotus momota parensis Sliarpe.
[Ramjiliii.ilns yfnmidci Linnaeus, NyvV. Xat. xii. l.(17lir>) p. 152 (ex Edwards et Brisson excl. syn.
Marcgrave ; Oii/niim accepted as terra typica — ex Brisson).]
.U{cm<ilus)j«ireiisi.-i Sharpe, Cut. Binh Ilril. .l/io. xvii. (1892) p. H20 (Para).
Momniiis Imixilinixi^ Sclater & Salvin, P. Z. S., l.S(i7. p. .''.81 (Pari) : Peheln, Ziir Ornilh. BriixH. i.
(18G7)p. 19 (part. : Pani).
S ad., ? ad.. May 14, 1004. Nos. 2171, 2172. " Iris grenat."
These specimens fnlly bear out the distinctive points assisrned by Dr. Sharpe
to his M. part'/isis. They difter from a good series of M. momota from Cayenne,
British Guiana, and the Orinoco region by their smaller size and in having the
whole lower surface bright ochreous-cinnamon, only the under tail-coverts and
the sides of the foreneck and chest being suffused with greenish. In .1/. momota
the underparts are pale green, but a few specimens show a cinnamon wash on the
throat and foreneck.
Both skins from Para have the middle pair of tail-feathers spatulated, and
the deep chestnut nuchal patch is very well develo]ied. This latter peculiarity
alone would suffice to tell them from M. m. iyitobiUs Berl.
Their measurements are the following : —
<?. Wing, 139 : tail, 240 ; bill, 42 mm.
?. AVing, 137 ; tail, 235 ; bill, 40i mm.
61. Galbula cyanicoUis Cass.
Galhula njnnimUh Cassin, Pnv. Aaid. Pliilarl. v. (1852) p. 154, tab. 7 (Pard, Brazil).
G. cyiiiieii-ollis Sclater & Salvin, P. Z. S., 18('i7, p. 582 (C'apim River).
O. ei/atvn,!lis Pelzeln, Z,ir Oniitli. Brazil, i. (18i;7) p. 24 (Tapajoz, Par;i).
Two ? ? , April 7 and 8, 1904. Nos. 2039, 2045.
" Iris blen-noir ; pied janne ; bee noir et janne."
The ? of the present species ditfers from that of (t. idblroKtrix in haviug the
crown and the cheeks violaceous-blue (instead of the former being coppery red and
the latter bronzy ,oreen) and the lower surface of a decidedly paler cinnamon fulvous
colour.
The Tring Museum received some years ago one i, collected by Professor
Steere near Marea de Legna, Para.
02. Bucco tectus (Bodd.).
Bitrrn terliis Boddaert. Tall. PI. ml. (1783) p. •!:? (ex Daubenton, (588, fig. 2— Cayenne) : Pelzeln,
Ziir OniKh. Bmsil. 1. (1867) p. 21 (Para) ; Sclater & Salvin, P.Z.S., 18li7, p. 582 (Pard) :
Layard, Ihh, 1873, p. 301 (ParA).
One ? ad., Ai.ril 21, 1904 : two young birds, both marked "J," April 21, Ioo4.
Nos. 2119, 2117, 211S. " Iris bleu-noir."
The adult sjiecimen is not difterent from a c? from Surinam, except in being
a little larger and having a somewhat stronger bill. In both only the forehead is
minntely spotted with white.
( 207 )
63. Monasa morphoeus (Halm).
Biicrn mnrphoeiis Hahn, Vogel aus Asien, etc., Lief. xiv. (1823) tab. 2 (Brasilien).
Moimm te<oci/M Pelzeln, Zur Oniilli. nnmll. i. (1X07) p. 22 (Para).
Two (?c?aiKl two S ¥,13. ii., lo. iv., 20. iv. 1904. Nos. 1970, 2090, 2145,2144.
" Iris bvnn, brnn-ronijp, brnn-noir."
Besides, there are two specimens (c?,?), collected by Steerc near Para, in
tlie Trinsj Musenm. This series agrees, in the extent of the creamy white on the
Corehead and chin, with typical specimens from Bahia.
J\f. m. peruana Scl. is but a poor subspecies, only distinguishable by the lesser
amonnt of white on forehead and chin, lint some specimens are hardly ditl'erent.
114. Nyctidromus albicoUis (Gm.).
C<(priiiiiilijiis alhicollia Gmelin, %s/. Nut. 1. ii. (1788) p. 10.30 (ex Latham— CWi/fJiwe).
Nijrtihiiis albkollis Pelzein, Zur Orn. Bnis. i. (1807) p. 13 (part., Paril, etc.) ; Layard, /i;.<, 187.3,
p. 389 (Para).
One ? jr., taken 30. iv. 1004. No. 21.57. "Iris bleu." Wing, 149; tail
140 mm. This specimen belongs to the smaller, typical form. The birds from
Central and iSouthern Brazil average larger, especially the tail is considerably
longer. They ought to be called i\\ a. derbi/anus Gould.
65. Thalurania furcata furcatoides Gould.
\_Triiehihis fiiicatus Gmelin, Syst. Nat. 1. i. (1788) p. 48G (ex Brisson : Cmjemii', excl. syn. Sloane &
Marcgrave).].
Thidiiramii fiirrn loidex GouW, fnti-od. Trorhil. (ISl'il), p. 77 ("Pari and the lower part of the
Amazon ") ; Sclater & Salvin, P. Z. ,S'. 18li7, p. 584 (Para) ; Layard, //</»■, 1873. p. :i88 (Pard).
Thalurania furnda (nee Gmelin !), Pelzein, Zur Orn. Bras. i. (18li7) p. 30 (Barra do Rio Negro).
Five c? cJ ad. and juv., 26. i., 5. ii., 12. ii., 16. ii., 2. iv. 04. Nos. 1943, 1964, 1969,
198o, 2027.
Two ? ?, 22. i., 12. ii. 04. Nos. 1934, 1968.
The males, like two others collected by Steere in the vicinity of Para, have the
under tail-coverts broadly margined with white. The specimens from Manaos in
the Vienna Museum (coll. Natterer) belong also to T.f. furcatoides.
66. * Heliothrix auriculatiis phainolaema Gould.
[Triicliihis auriruhitiix Nordmann in Kniiaiix Ilei.-<e (18:'.fi) p. 5. tab. ii. f. 1 ( J ), 2 ( ? ) (Rio Janeiro,
cf. /.<■. p. 5).]
TteUnlhrh- jihafiiohipma Gould, P. Z. S. \%bU. p. 87 (" Rio Napo "— errore !).
One S in adnlt plumage, but with the tail-feathers still somewhat elongated,
February 13, 1904. No. 1973. "Iris iioir." Al. 63, caudae rect. med. .54,
ext. 36i, rostr. 21 mm.
This specimen is very interesting, proving as it does that //. /ihainolaema is by
nil means merely an individnal variety of II. a/ir/n/la/a.s, as considered by Simon
and Hartert, bnt a perfectly valid subsjieeies, which, like several other forms, is
evidently confined to the Para region. I compared our specimen with the type of
//. phainolaema, from which it only differs by its much longer bill. The type is a
perfectly adult male, having the tail-feathers short and broad, as is also the case
with the adult males of //. aurieulatu.%.
( 298 )
Botli specimens differ from a large series of the latter (24 c?(?) in havinp' tlio
whole throat to the forene.^k glitterint: green, there lieing no trace of the white stripe
along the middle of the throat, which is always very conspicnons in the males of
H. anriculati/s.
There can no longer be any donbt that //. a. pkainolaema represents a distinct
subspecies. I may remark that the label of the type-specimen bears the locality
" Para " in Gould's own handwriting, bnt this is scratched ont and replaced by
'• Napo." The type of //('//('^/;//.'\/j/(^'//'o/r;(;/«^f is of exactly the same make as some
s]iecimens of P/iaet/ior/i/s j'>/ff»i(ieiis (Spix), labelled by (ionld as coming from Para,
and I believe it came really from there, but the locality, by some mistake of (iould's,
has been altered afterwards on the label.
Gould's type measures as follows : Wing 01, central tail-feathers 4o, fiie
outermost 33 ; bill 10 mm.
According to my views, we have to distinguish two forms :
1. Ilcliotlirix aiiricitlututi aiiriridatus Nordm.
Ciiin aud abroad strijie on each side of the throat glittering-green, the whole
middle of the throat pure white, like the rest of the uuderparts. Wings 66 — Ti i mm.
Hab. S.E. Brazil, from Parana and S. Paulo in the south, northwards to Goiaz
and Bahia.
2. fleUotliri.c auriciilatMS p/iaiiiohiema Gould.
Chin and entire throat glittering-green, with no white at iill. Wings
01—03 mm.
ITdh. N.E. Brazil ; vicinity of Pan'i, on the month of the Amazons.
07. Piaya cayana (Linn.).
[CiiciiUis cfiymiiiK Linnaeus, %■■■/. N<it. xii. 1. (ITOG) p. 170 (ex Brisson : Cayenne).]
Punja m,/mia Sclater & Salvia, P. Z. S. 1«07. p. 585 (Paril) ; Pelzeln, Z^ir Om. /?/7/s. iii. (18(19)
p. 272 (Para) ; Layard, I his, 1873. p. 393 (Para).
One <?, not quite adult, 4. iii. 1004. No. 2014. " Iris grenat." Wing 140,
tail 200, rostr. 31 mm.
This specimen agrees in dimensions and colour with an example from Cayenne,
the lower parts being very pale, almost whitish, the under tail-coverts hardly darker.
It differs from the Cayenne skin only in having the upper surface decidedly paler,
less mixed with rufons. Specimens from Surinam aud the Orinoco region have the
lower parts slightly greyer, and the under tail-coverts much darker, often blackish
grey. The latter character is qnite sufficient to recognise them at once. This latter
form ought to be called P. c. guianensis (Cab. & Heine).
P. c. cabaiiisi Allen has the crissum still darker, pure black, and is mnch
larger.
08. Neomorphus geoffroyi (Ti-uim.).
CocfijsiiH geoffriiiji Temminck, I'l.Col. livr. 2 tab. 7 {IKjO; no locality given. We substitute Buhia,
E. Brazil ex Wicd).
Neomorjiliiix geoffroyi Pelzeln, Zitr Ont. Brasil. ill. (1869) p. 271 (ParA).
One adnlt marked " ?," February 25, 1904. No. 1999. " Ycux jaunes et
oranges ; pieil bleu dair gris, bee en dessus noir clair et vert, verdatre en dessous."
The descriptiou given by Shelley * refers to the immature bird only. In tiie
♦ Cat. Jiinh Brit. Mii.i. xix. p. 41li.
( 299 )
adult liird thero is no trace of rnfiins-linff bars on the nrck and baek, tliese parts
being nnifonu metallic green.
The above specimen measures as follows : Wing li)2, tail 27o, bill 4-t mm.
69. Tapera * naevius (Linn.).
Ciiciilua imerhis Linnaeus, Si/st. Nal. xii. 1. (ITOli) p. 1711 (e.t Brisson : (jayenne).
Diplopteriix naerius Sclater & Salvin, P. Z. .S. ISCiT. p. .585 (Mexiana) ; Layard, Thh, 187.". p. .^92
(Pard).
One specimen marked " (j'," April 11, 10n4. No. 2046. " Iris janne."
TO. Crotophaga aui Linn.
Cirilii/i/i:iii<i All! Linnaeus, Si/xl. Xiit. x. (1758) p. 10."i (ex Marcgrave, etc. As typical localityt
accepted luislern Bm:il, ex Marcgi'ave) ; Sclater & Salvin, P. Z. S. 18G7. p. 585 (Mexiana) ;
Layard, Ibi«, 1873. p. 332 (Para).
One ?, April 18, 1904. No. 2112. " Iris uoir."
71. Ramphastos erythorhynchos Gm.
Piniiphcii^tos eri/lliroi-lnjiichiis Gmelin, Si/>.l. Xnl. 1. i. (1788) p. 355 (ex Brisson & Edwards — "in
America Australi.'' — The description is evidently taken from Brisson. We accept, therefore,
Ci(i/iniie as the typical locality ex Brisson.
/I. hfmii(ito>!ii/nrliu.i Berlepsch & Hartert, A'or. Znnl. ix. (1902) p. 99 (Caura River, in Venezuela).
U. enithrnrhnnrliiis Sclater & Salvin, P.Z.S. 18i;7. p. .585 (Pari) ; Pelzeln, Ziir Orii. Braiil. iii.
(18C,!))p. 233(Pani).
Three 6i and one ?, 29. i., 6. ii., 24. ii., 28.ii. 1904. Nos. 1951, 1965, 1994,
2000. Culminal stripe and basal band of upper mandible " janne-vert," base of
lower mandible "bleu ciel," rest of bill "rouge fonce " or "bran-rouge." In
addition to the specimens sent by Muns. Robert there is in the Tring Museum
a pair collected bj' Professor Steere near Parti.
The series from Para agrees with the type of R. haematorhynclius from the
Caura River in having the bill of a dark sanguineous red colour, which is very
ditferent from the clear fiery or orange-red colour as shown by examples from
British Guiana. This difference has been well pointed out by Messrs. Berlepsch
and Hartert, who named the dark-bilJed form U. luu'matorliijnchus. In the mean-
time, however, the Tring Museum has received a series of skins from Cayenne
and Surinam which must be considered to be the typical R. eri)tlirorhyncliHA.
These specimens now turn out to belong to the dark-billed form, which conse-
quently has to bear Gmelin's specific name, while that from British Guiana
would require a new one.
N.B.— In the Cat. Birds xix. p. 128, Mr. Sclater, among the synonyms of
R. I'li/tlirorhi/iirliiiK, qnotes also R. leraiUiiiitii Wagl. The latter name is exclu-
sively based on Levaillaut's Plate III., which represents a bird with an ochrcons
breast-band and with the upper and under tail-coverts of the same colour. \'ery
likely it is a fictitious bird ; at any rate it cannot be referred to R. eri/throrhyticliKs,
which has the breast-band as well as the cri.ssum bright scarlet, and the upjier
tail-coverts clear sulphur-yellow.
» Cf. Ulnnberg, Ihis (3), ii. (190H) p. 239.
( 300 )
72. Rhamphastos ariel Vi?.
Zoolog. Jotini. ii. (1826) p. 4S6 (Rio de Janeiro— Mns. Vigors).
Hhnmphntoit ar'iel Sclater .<• Salvin, P. Z.S. ISOT. p. .58;! (Par:'i) ; Pelzeln, Ziir OniitJi. Brazil, iii.
( 1809) p. 234 (Pard, Cajutuba).
Four specimens, tliroe of which are marked <?, tlie fourtli ?, but which in all
probability is also a male, for it agrees in dimensions and size of the bill with
nndonbted males. They were all taken at Igarap^-Assti on the following dates : —
^^■,10.11., 'J2. ii., 3.V.; ?,22.i. 10(l4. Nos. 1087, lO'Jl, 21(14, l'.l2'.i. Tliese specimens
agree in every respect with others from Espiritn 8;into and Bahia, having the ujjper
tail-coverts bright scarlet and the cheeks, throat and foi-eneck uniform orange,
the latter being followed by a narrow snlplnir-ycllow cross-band. The whole chest
is bright scarlet.
73. Pteroglossus aracari (Linu.).
Rtniqihasliiis Ariniiri Linm'', S)/yl. Nat. x. (17."<8) p. 104* (based on Marograve, Ifist. Xirl. liras.
p. 217; " Aracari," N.E. Brazil).
PteiiKjlossiis irieilii Sturm, MniK://!-. Bluniiplinst. 1847. part iv. (Rio Janeiro, St. Paul, etc. : coll.
Natterer).
P. iimciiri Sclater & Salvin, /'. /C. S. 1807. p. 58l! (Capim River).
P. Wiedii Pelzeln, Ziir Orn. Ilni^. iii. (18G9) p. 23.5 (Rio Muriii).
Two specimens, both marked tj, but one probably a female, having a mncli
smaller and weaker bill. They belong to the form with narrow black culminiil
stripe, iind agree with a specimen from I'ernambnco (ty]iical aruc'iri). Exami)les
from S. Paulo are also not different.
Nos. 1095, 2101. 24. ii., 10. iv. 19n4. "Iris lileu ciel : jiied vert fonce ; bee
noir et janne-blanc."
74. Selenidera gouldii (Natt.).
Pleroglossiis ijoiihlii Natterer, P. Z. S. 1837. p. 44 (" Pard in Brazil ").
Si'lenidera f/oiildi Sclater & Salvin, P. Z. .S. 18C7. p. £8G (Pavit) : Pt-lzeln, Zm- Orwth. Bnisil. iii.
(18G9) p. 238 (Borba, Pan'i) ; Layard, Ibh, 1873. p. 393 (Para).
One ?, 13. V. 1904. No. 2170. " Iris jaune-vert : jiieil vert ilair ; l)ec noir
et vert clair, en dessous blen piile, noir, vert clair."
75. Campephilus trachelopynis (Malh.).
Megapims trachehipijms Malberbe, Mem. Sor. d'llisl. Xat. Mosrlle (1857) p. 1 (" Pi'tou ").
Cainpephihix tmrheltijii/mi Sclater & Salvin. /'. Z. .S. 1807. p. 580 (Capim River); Pelzeln, Ziir
Omith. Bms. iii. (1869) p. 242 (Paril) ; Layard, rh;«, 1873. p. 390 (Pari).
Two cJc? and two ? ?, all more or less moulting, but otherwise in perfect
plumage : IG, 23, 24. ii. 1904. Nos. 198(5, 1993, 1996, 1997. " iris jaune."
In addition to these I have one pair collected by Professor Steere near Para.
This series agrees in coloration ]ii'rl'i'ctly with some specimens from Central Peru,
but the latter are consiileiably larger and have u more powerful bill. Perhaps the
• Although I.innc'- (pmtus first Edwards, pi. fM, which represents a discoloured specimen of
Rhamphaitos jfixcivo-niK, his description refers exclusively to P, rirarari as described by Marc?rave ;
"Rostro nigro; maxilla superiore latcribus alba, basi triloba." Marcgrave's bir<ls came from N.E. Brazil,
thus P. iriedii Sturm, becomes a .synonVni u{ P. aracari Linn.
( 301 )
form of Pari! can be separated sulis]iccitically. My series of Penivian sldns is,
however, too small to settle the qnestioa definitely.
It is very remarkable that near Para C. trachelopynis is found instead of
the Guianan C. rubricollis, which we should expect to occur there.
Measurements of specimens from Peru : —
<J ad., Poznzo, C. Peru. Wing 194 : tail 13.5; bill 4.5 mm.
Two ? ? ad., Poznzo and Chuchurras, C. Peru. Wing 190, 193 ; tail 134, 135 ;
bill 40i, 47 mm.
Measurements of specimens from Para : -
S ad., Benevides (Steere coll.). Wing 174 ; tail I'JO; lull 44 mm.
Two Si, Igarap6-Assu (Robert, coll.). Wini;- * 170, ls.5; tail 119, 1-20; bill
421, 44i mm.
? ad., Marguary (Steere coll.). AVing ISO; tail l'-,'9 ; liill 43 mm.
Two ??, Igarape-Assu (Robert coll.). Wing* 171, 175; tail 120, 122; bill
44, 45 mm.
70. Chloronerpes flavig^ula (Bodd.).
rii-iis^flacirjuhi Boddaert, T„hl. PI. nil (1783) p. 40 (e.i Daubenton, PI, r„l. 7S4 : Cayenne).
Chhn-nwriieis flunijiila Pelzeln, Orn. Bi-iikII. iii. (IRl'.ft) p, 244 (Para).
CMiiroiierpe" JUmgiilitrix Sclater & Salvin, P. Z. .s'. 18iJ7. p. 687 (Parii).
One $ ad., April 27, 1904. No. 2151. " Iris brun." Not diflPerent in any way
from a series of the Orinoco region and some e.xamples from British Guiaua.
77, Celeus jumana (Spix).
Piciit jiiiiiriiio Spix, .[r. Brat. i. (1H24) p. .j7. tabl. 47 (" in sylvis Hum. Anmzoiium ").
CeleiiHJuiiHina Sclater & Salvin, P. Z. .S. 1867. p. .'jK6 (Par;i) : Pelzeln, Zki- Orn. Brasil. ii. (18l!9)
p. 251 (Para, Rio Muri.-t) ; Layard, ll,h, \XT.',. p, :i',IO (Para).
One J, three ? ? , 24. iv., 2(1. iii., 2, 3. v., 19(i4. Nos. 2136, 2022, 2161, 2163.
" Iris brun, bruu-rouge, or grenat."
Only one female has the ujiper tail-coverts pale greenish yellow ; in the others
they are more or less washed with chestnut-rufous on the tips. The inner webs of
the quills, however, are always strongly barred with dusky.
78. Pyrrhura perlata (Spix).
Aratimia perUiliix Spi.x, Ar. Bni^. i, (1824) p. ?■:>, tab, xx. fig, 1 ( J), 2 ( ? ) ("in sylvi.s fluminis
Amazonnm adjacentibu-s "),
CommiK pnhiliis Sclater & Salvin, P. Z. S. 18i;7, p. .''188 (Capim River) : Pelzeln, Zm- lh„Uh.
BniKil. iii. (18(V,l) p. 2M (Para).
One d, nearly adult, 22. iv. 1904. No. 2122. " Iris brun."
? jimior, without date and number.
I examined also one S, collected by Steere nenr Para, and three (2 (?c?, 1 ?)
specimens of Natterer's. All these six exam])les differ from Spix's types in lacking
the brownish red frontal edge, and in having the cheeks bluish (not yellowisli
green), but the differences are very slight and probably dne to individual variation.
* Although moulting, the longest jivimaries aie full grown, and the length of the wings is thus
reliable.
( 302 )
7ti. Brotogeris tuipara (Gm.).
Psittnnia tiiipiirii Gmelin, Sys/. Nai. 1. i. (17*^8) p. 348 (ex Brisson — ex Marcgrave . N.E. Brazil*).
Hrotfif/crf/it tu/piini Pelzein, Ztn' Ont. Brasil. iii. (IXfiO) p. 2rtl (Para).
II. iiolntiiis Sclatcr A- Salvin, P. Z S. ISfiT. p. ."iRfi (Par/i).
]S. Iiiipiim L.iyard, ////■.*, 1873 p. 304 (Par;i).
One ?, 25. ii. inii4. No. 2it02. 'Iris Wane argenti^."
One c? without niimbei- and date.
This species is hitherto only known to occnr on the Lower Amazon tVom
Piiri'i to Mauilos.
8ii. Pionus menstruus ^Linn.)
Psifiariii' metistridis: Linnaeus, fiiiKt. Xui. xii. 1 (17liC) p. 1-IH (ex Brifson : (liiiana so. Cii'inme —
et Edwards, loo. ign.).
rinmiit memlriiKs Selater & Salvin, P.Z.^. 1807. p. f>88 (Rio Tooantins).
Pinniax meiistruiis Pelzeln, Zin- Orii. BirisiJ. iii. (18(J0) p. 2114 (C'ajutuba).
One S, 20. iv. l'.Mi4. No. 2155. " Iris-hr\in."
81. Pionus fuscus (P. L. S. Miill.)
Pgittanis fiiscuD P. h. S. Miiller, Nal. Syst. Svppl. (1776) p. 78 (ex Buffon & Edwards : Cayenne).
Pinmis vinlaceun Selater & Salvin, P. Z. .S. 1867. p. 588 (Pari) ; Pelzeln, Ziir Oni. Dw>>iJ. iii.
(1869) p. 264 (Pard).
Two c?(?, 22. i., 13. iv. 1904. Nos. l'.i:)l, 2o.5ii. "Iris brnu" and "hrnn-ronge."
The}- are not different from Surinam skins.
S2. Gypopsitta vulturina (Knlil).
J'xill.wiis rullnrhinn Kuhl, Cn«.'V'. /'»''/ (1«L'0J p. I'.L' (Para).
Cav-i, nilt„ihi,i Scliter & Salvin, P. Z. &. 1867. p. 588 (Pari).
S ad., 3. iv. 1904. No. 2031. "Iris orange." Wiug 152, tail 72, cnlm.
22i mm.
? ad., 5. iii. 1904. No. 2010. " Iris orange rongeatre." Wing 144, tail 65,
cnlm. 20J mm.
? ad., 29 iii. 1904. No. 2024. "Iris orange." Wing 148, tail 03, cnlm.
22 mm.
These specimens are quite adnlt, with the head all round naked. The bare
skin on the head is black excejit the forehead and a rim round the eye, which are
yellowish flesh-colonred. The only difference between the sexes seems to consist in
the greater amount of red on the thighs in the male bird. The latter is also rather
larger.
83. Pionitest leucogaster (Knhl).
Pfitlaniit leucogaster Kuhl, Oirmp. Paitt. (18211) p. 70 (Brasilia).
Pioiiias leucogaster Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. iii. (1869) p. 264 (Parit).
Threeadults(l <?,2 ? ? ), ]3.iv.,2. v. 1904. Nos. 2049,21 00, one without number.
Onejuv. ?, 22. iv. 1904. No. 2123.
* I am not quite .sure wliethev .Marcgrave's description really rcfur.s to tlio bird, commonly oalleil
Jt. tuijtara. The latter is hitlierto only known from the Lower Amazon, where Marcgrave never
collected.
f Count Salvadori (Cat. Birds xx. p. .S5H) clearly pointed out that the generic name Cairo cannot be
used for Psit1aeii.i melanmi'iilialiix, being a mere synonym of Jirotcigi'rii. Therefore PUmites Heine
should be accepted.
( 303 )
Iris marked as "jauue-orauge " and "greuat," "bruu'" in the young.
These specimens, as well as an old male, collected by Steere at Beuevides,
have the thighs bright green and no yellow on the tail ; the S ad. shows only slight
yellow margins on the tips of the two outer tail-feathers.
-/-". leucogaster seems to be strictly confined to the vicinity of Para, at least it is
not known to occur farther west. On the great southern affluents of the Amazons
F. xantkomcriiis (Scl.) takes its jilace.
84. Deroptyus accipitrinus fuscifrons n. subsp.
[PsiUai-us iicdpitriiiiis\jmu-ie\iSi, filial. Sat. xii. 1 (17li(j) p. 148 (ex Edwards, Brisson, etc. — "in
India" — errore ! We substitute Cnyeinu; as typical locality).]
Psitlaciis aci-ijiihiiius (nee Linni') Spix, .^ c. Bias, i. (1K24) p. 44. tab. xxxii'. (Villa Nova — specimen
examined).
Piijiiids mcipitrinus Pelzeln, Zur Ornith. Bruail. iii. ( ISO'J) p. 205 (part. : Para — specimen examined).
3 ad., 19. iii. 19U4. No. 2U2i). " Iris jauue."
¥ ad., 3. ii. 1904. No. 1901. " Iris jauue-vert."
¥ jr., 21. iii. 1904. No. 2021. " Iris janne."
In addition to the above, there is in the Tring Museum an adult S , collected
by Steere <at Benevides, near Panl. I compared also two specimens in the Munich
Museum, one of which was taken near Villa Nova, on the mouth of the Amazon,
and figured by Sjiix, I.e. The other, collected by Natterer near Paru, was obtained
in exchange from the Vienna Museum.
These six specimens differ from typical I>. accipitrinus, of which a series of
twenty-three skins has been compared,* in lacking the coppery or rosy red patches
on the base of the outer tail-feathers and in having the whole forehead and crown
uniform dusky or only slightly mottled with brownish white. The ground-colour
of the sides of the head, too, is considerably darker brown. There seems to be no
difference in size between the two forms. The above difference being quite constant,
I propose to call the Fa>\i form
Deroptijus accipitrinus fascifrons n. subsp.
Similis D. a. accipitrino (Linn.), sed margine frontali multo obscuriore (uigri-
cante nee fumoso), pileo fusco-lirunneo maculis sordide albescentibus sparsim variegato
(minime omnmo albido), fundo in lateribus capitis saturatiore necnon rectricibus
lateralibus absque macula basali cuprea primo visn distinguendus.
Habitat: Ad ripas fluminis Amazonun iuferioris projje pagos ParA et Villa
^oca dictos.
Typus in Mus. Tring: 6 ad., Igarape-Assu, Para, 50 m, March 19, 1904.
A. Robert coll., No. 2020.
I examined iu the British Museum the specimens from Maranhao and Sarayacu
in East Ecuador, and found them identical with my new form. Salvadori already
stated the differences. The locality " iSarayai;u," however, seems to me to be very
doubtful.
* 2 Cayenne— JIus. Jlonac. ; (i River Tacutu 'and li. Essequibo— Mus. lieilcpscb and Tiing; 2
Caura K., -Venezuela — Mus. Triug ; 1 Manaos — Mus. Vindob. ; 2 lUo Negro— Mus. Viudob. ; 1 Surinam —
5Ius, Vindob.; 2 witbout locality — Mus. 11. v. B. et Triug ; 7 froui iJrit. Guiana iu Mus. Brit.
( 304 )
S.J. Pipile cujubi (Pelz..
Pe>ieloj>e cujub: Pelzeln, Silz. Btr. Akml. Wkn xxxi. (ISoS) p. 328 (Pari); Pelzeln Z,u- Onuth
Bra«7. iii, (18(;0) p. 284 (Par.-l).
One 6 ad., taken February 2.5, 1904. No. 1998. " Iris roage-bruu."
As far as I know, it is the second specimen of this extremely rare species, shot
in a wild state. /'. aijtibi is strictly confined to tlie Paril region, where it ai)iiarent]y
takes the place of P. jacutin;fa {ii])\x). It differs from the hitter in lurking the
black forehead and snperciliary strii)f, and in iiaving the wing-coverts but broadly
margined with white exteriorly (instead of being for the greater part white). The
white margins of the lower jiarts, so conspicuons in F.jacutinga, are but faintly
indicated on the forenetk.
86. Odontophorus gujanensis (Gm.).
Tetrno giijamiish Gmelin, .%< Xat. 1. ii. (178.S) p. 767 (ex Buffon— Cayenne).
0,h,„loj,h„n,s „"hu,ensis Sclater & Salvin, P. X. S. 18(57. ].. 591 (Capim River) ■ Pelzeln ^inr
Oriiilh. Brasit. iii. (1869) p. 289 (Pani). '
One (^, 1. iii. 1904. No. 2008. " Iris brnn-ronge."
It differs from a good series from British (jniana in having no linskv liars
whatever on the rump and lower snrt'ace, these parts being quite uniform." One
specimen from the Capim River, collected by Wallace, however, is not distingnish-
able from Gniana examples, having the bars quite as distinct as the latter. A series
of Cayenne skins should be compared.
87. Creciscus melanophaiiis (Vieill.).
Ridhu ni«/rt«o/)Aa;«sVieillot, .Y»«i-. Diet, xxviii. (I8l;i) p. ■,49 (ex Azara : " ypacaha pardo obscuro."
— Paraguay).
Porzuna mdaiiophueu Lajard, Ibis, 1873. p. 396 (River Guamd, near Para).
One S ad., January 28, 1904. No. I9.j(i. " Iris brim."
This specimen difiers from a series from Baliia and Kio de Janeiro in much
darker, more sepia brown upper surface, especially deep blackish rniup and tail and
blackish brown secondaries and tertiaries. The black and white barring appears
to be more restricted, and the eye- and loral-region are pale rufous. In the latter
respect, however, a specimen from Bahia is (luite similar, but the upper jiarts are
much paler. A series from Para is re([uired to decide whether the above difl'er-
ences are constant or not.
The specimen measures : Wing 8o ; tail 4ii ; bill is njm.
88. Creciscus viridis (P. L. S. Mtill.).
llnUnx riridiii P. L. S. Miiller, N,ititis;isl. Si,j,j,!. (\ul\) p. 1:^0 (ex Daubenton, PI. ni/. 368—
CJayeune).
Pcir.aiia a(i/eniui(six Sclater & Sahiii, /'. /^. S. 1867. p. 692 (Para).
P. cciyancmis Pelzeln, Zur (Jriiil/i. linisil. iii. (1869) p. 316 (Pard).
One 6 ad., taken April s, 19u4. No. 2044. " Iris rouge vif."
The specimen agrees well with a scries from Surinam, but has the lower
parts a shade paler. Witli a series of both, the typical form and that of Eastern
Brazil, before me, I can no longer distinguish ('. r. jj/leafus (Wied), the alleged
differences in the intensity of the chestnut-rufous colour on the pileum and on the
under surface not being constant.
( 305 )
8'J. Crypturus vai'iegatus (Gm.).
Telnw rdi-legatus Gmelin, Sijst. Nat. 1. ii, (1788) p. 7G8 (ex Daubenton, /'/. enl. 828 — Cayeaae).
Tiitamus varlegatu.^ Pelzelo, Zur Ornith. Brasil. iii. (1869) p. 2913 (Para).
One S, not quite adult, January 19, 1904. No. 1914. " Iris brun."
Uift'ers from several specimens from British Guiana, collected by the late
H. Whitely, in its longer bill and in having the light bars on the upper surface
much broader and of a much brighter fulvous colour. The blackish barring on the
flanks, too, seems to be more restricted. A series is repaired, to contirm the
constancy of these divergencies or otherwise.
NOTES ON ZAGLOSSITS AND DESCRIPTION OF A NEW
SUBSPECIES OF ECRIDNA KYSTBIX.
BY THE HON. WALTER ROTHSCHILD, Ph.D.
DR. K. TOLDT, Jan., has read a ])aper on the genus Zat/lossun GiW^Pro-
echidiia Gervais, before the K.K. Zoologisch-botauische Gesellschaft, in
Vienna, and in connection therewith wrote to me for particulars about my
Zaglossus nigroaculnata. I had occasion, therefore, in order to settle several
questions, to examine my series of nine specimens of Zaglossus, and I take the
opportunity to give a key of the genus and make some remarks.
At first sight it became apparent that I had three very easily distingaishable
forms, which not only differ among themselves, but show the same comparative
differences as do the subspecies of Echidna In/sfrix. Although the genus Zaglossus,
according to some authors, sinks owing to occasional specimens liaving five or four
claws instead of three, I think the long curved " beak " and the extra-dorsal
and lumbar vertebrae, IT and 4 as opposed to 16 and 3, sufficiently warrant the
upholding of the genus.
I have three specimens of each form of Zaqlossus, young and old, and I am
convinced of their distinctness. As all these specimens were procureil by native
hunters, the locality cannot be accurately ascertained, but there are in Dutch
New Guinea several distinct faunal areas, so that I have no hesitation in declaring
these three forms well separated and distinct " subspecies." I now give a key,
for the better identification of these three forms.
Adults.
1. Head pale brown or white, sharply separated from rest of body, spines
white : 2.
Head and body unil'urraly dark, spines black : :i.
'i. Hair pale brown, thick, long and wooll}', completely hiding spines, except on
flanks and sjionldeis : Zinjlossns lii'uijni vlllusi.s.stMa.
Ibiii- brownish blacl; or iilaik, short, thick, not hiding spines : Zaglossus
tirinjiti bruijni.
'i. Hair long, thin, bristly, spines somewhat flattened : Zaglossus bruijni nigra-
aculeata.
( 306 )
It bus been stated by some iuithois that Z. h. 'iUosisdma (Dubois) is only
the youug of Z. hnii/ni hruijni, but my specimens show that the very old
eillosissima are more hairy and have the characters pointed ont by Dubois more
exaggerated, both than iu his type and in my yonng (?) examples.
It may interest students to know that Professor Giglioli, when on board
the Italian frigate " Magenta," bought in Java a skin of Zaff/osms hruijni bruijni,
which he gave to the Turin Museum. Although he was told it came from New
Guinea, this was not believed, and the stufl'ed specimen stood for many years
labelled as Echidna sefosu, and was only recognised years after the type skull
was described by Peters and Doria.
Echidna hystrix miiltiaculeata subspec. nov.
Differs from E. h. hijstrix at first sight by its nuuli j)aler colour and much more
numerous spines. The spines in E. h. Inj»trix are somewhat separated, very thick,
tapering quite suddenly to a point, and are whitish yellow, the anterior fourth
being deep black. These spines are thickly intersjiersed with brownish black
hairs, while the hair on the head, legs and underside is deep brown. The spines
in my new E. h. multidculeata, on the other hand, are exceedingly numerous, very
long and thin, pale bnff, tipped with horn-colour, and tapering gradually to a
long point. They are interspersed with thin yellowish brown hairs, and the
hairs on the head, legs and underside arc pale clay-brown.
Habitat : Extreme south of South Australia.
I have seen and handled more than thirty of this form, all alike, and the
two consignments which reached England contained over a hundred specimens.
Dr. Ernst Hartert difi'ers from me somewhat as to the specimens which I
consider to be the young (A Zaqlossns hrinjni hruijni. These individuals are smaller,
and have the head dark like the back. Dr. Hartert is inclined to think that
the differences of these specimens might as likely be those of sex as of youth ;
and there is certainly some doubt as to the i|uestion of age, as we have no means
of comparing the skulls. In my original description of Zaylossus tiigroarnleata
(under the name of ProHrhidna nigroaculeata) I quoted the names of Procchidna
noraeguineac and Proiickidna leuco(r/)hala. These names have never been
published, and were quoted from a dealer's letter without confirmation.
( 307 )
NEW AMERICAN THYRIDIDAE, UBANIIDAE, AND
GE03rETRIDAE.
By W. warren, M.A., F.E.S.
Family 'niVRWIDAE.
1. Iza mediovincta spec, no v.
Foretviiig : jnile ochreous, reticulated with red ; tlie costa broadly dull red,
swollen at middle iuto an irregnliirly triangular blotch, connected between veins 4
and o by a narrow neck with a similar blotch, which does not touch the inner
margin ; beyond the triangular blotch un costa is a subquadrate one reaching to
vein 7, and two smaller ones before apex ; in two or three places towards hind-
margin the reticulations are swollen into small blotches ; fringe deep red at base,
paler at tips.
HiitdiriiKj : with a disjointed angulated mark across the middle ; hindmargiu
with a deej) brown line before fringe.
Underside the same, but all the dark markings stronger and brighter.
Head red ; thorax and abdomen reddish grey ; legs pale ochreous, spotted with
red-brown.
Expanse of wings : 60 mm.
1 ? from the Amazons.
The hindwing is triangular, the hiudmargin straight, the apical angle acute,
the anal angle ronnded of}'.
Family URAyilDAL.
Subfamily EPIPLEMINAE.
2. Epiplema rotundata spec. nov.
Forewiny : dull fawn-colour, hardly speckled, browner along the costa ; the
lines brown : first at one-third, strongly angled outwards in mid wing ; the outer
at two-thirds, outcurved from subcostal vein to submedian fold, edged outwardly
by a fine ochreous line ; a cnrve of four blackish spots before margin from apex to
vein 4, the margin beyond them darker ; fringe concolorous ; central space slightly
darker than rest of wing.
Hiiidirimi : with the same lines brown but indistinct; two small bhuk
marginal spots below veins 7 and 4.
Underside uf forewing with a brown tinge, of hindwing as above ; both witli
slight striatious, but no markings.
Face, palpi, and forelegs brown ; vertex, thorax, and abdomen like wings.
ExpansL' of wings : 15 mm.
1 S from Patino Cue, Paraguay, February (Montforts).
Apex of forewing rounded, hindmargiu convex, simple ; hindwing rounded,
without teeth, faintly indented beyond cell.
21
( 308 )
3. Gathynia biocellata sjiei'. nov.
Forcwiiig : dull browuish grey, covered with dark atoms, without markings of
auy kind except three or four small black s|iots dose before hindmargin below
apex ; the space beyond them from ajiex to vein 5 narrowly brown, edged by a pale
line before the brown-grey fringe.
Himliciny : blackish, with a curved inner black line near base and a donl.le
enter line ronndly jirominent in middle of wing, internally edged by blackish
blotches and externally by a pale line ; between them the discocellular is followed
by two snow-white spots : a row of dark lunules along margin from ujiper to liehiw
lower tooth, inwardly limited by a fine white line which is toothed to margin along
veins 4 and 0 ; fringe dark l)rown ; the base of wing marked witb black streaks on
each side of a hyaline oval patch.
Underside of forewing like ujiper ; of hindwing wiiitish, thickly striated
with grey.
Face, palpi, and forelegs dark brown ; vertex, thorax, and basal segment of
abdomen pale brownish grey, like forewing : the rest of abdomen blackish, like
hindwing.
Expanse of wings : 18 mm.
1 S from Santo Domingo, Carabaya, S.E. Peru, OOUO ft., March IVUL', wet
season (Ockenden).
Hindmargin of forewing simple, of hindwing toothed at 4, (i, and 7 ; the costa
sinuous, and developing a large shoulder at base ; a hyaline oval spot at base
of cell.
Allied to G. clilacerata Guen.
4. Psamathia parallelaria spec. nov.
Forewing : ash-grey, covered with irregular transverse fuscous strigulations ;
the costal edge pale, with short black marks ; two brownish fuscous lines ; the first
straight from about one-fourth of costa to one-third of inner margin ; the second
from three-fifths of costa to two-thirds of inner margin, slightly flexuous ; traces
of a dark submarginal spot between veins 0 and 7, as in Ps. ktticawhta Wlk. ;
fringe dark beyond a fine dark marginal line ; no distinct cell-spot.
Hindwing : with outer line only, geminate, and forming a short acute beak
towards the tail on vein 4 ; marginal line thick, diffuse, followed by a fine pale line
before the dark fringe, swollen into a large horseshoe-shai>ed blotch in upper part
of tooth between vein 3 and 4 ; a small spot in lower end of tooth beneath 3, and
a semicircular mark on margin below tooth between veins 2 and 3.
Underside paler, with dull striae, but no markings.
Face,i)alpi, and forelegs dark brown ; vertex, thorax, and abdomen concoloruus
witii wings.
Expanse of wings : 3.") mm.
1 ? from Tuis, Costa Rica.
Uistingnished mainly by the straight, not acutely angled, outer line of forewing.
In this ? the hindmargin of forewing is bluutly angled at vein 4, and the apex
minutely j)roduced.
( 309 )
5. Syngria ginseata sijec. nov.
Forewlny : dirty whitish, covered with very fine dark grey transverse striae,
most densely in the basal two-thirds, esjiecially round the discocelhilar and along
the inner edge of the onter line ; the two lines finely wliitish, edged with darker ;
the first strongly curved at one-fifth, the basal area within it dark grey ; outer line
from three-fifths of costa, obliquely sinuate outwards to vein 4, where it is acutely
angled, then concave to vein 1, where it is a second time acutely angled, reaching
inner margin at three-fourths ; some dark shades along hiudmargin, and a black
hmule lietwcen veins 6 and 7 ; costa dotted and sjiotted with fnscous : a fuscous
marginal line ; fringe fuscous, with paler basal line.
Hindwiiig : with costal area broadly whitish; outer line as in forewing, but
with the dark internal edging more distinct towards inner margin, and not towards
costa as in forewing ; an obscure antemedian line ; the submarginal shades darker ;
marginal line black, swollen into spots at the teeth. In both wings the veins are
finely pale.
Underside clearer white, with very coarse dark speckling ; a submarginal
shade, and the fringes dark grey.
Head, thorax, and abdomen dark cinereous ; shoulders pale grey ; face and
jjalpi brown ; abdomen beneath and legs pale grey ; forelegs fuscous.
Expanse of wings : 4ii mm.
1 ? from Santo Domingo, Carabaya, S.E. Peru, (ioUO ft., November 1902, wet
season (Ockenden). The forewings are strongly and acutely falcate.
6. Syngriodes discolor spec. nov.
Fonnoiiig : dirty whitish, towards base suffused with greyish ochreous ; the
lines paler, with darker edging ; first evenly and strongly curved at one-fifth ;
outer line from two-thirds of costa to three-fourths of inner margin, convex
outwards to vein 4, then concave; an indistinct median and submarginal shade
greyish ochreous ; » dull grey cell-spot.
Iliiidiviiiq : shaded with dull ochreous grey, without the l)asal line; the outer
line accompanied by blackish mottlings.
Underside cream-coloured; forewing with an obliijne blackish submarginal
band from vein 6 to below 2, and traces of a median cloud ; hiudwing with the
band faint and thin.
Face and palpi dark brown ; vertex, thorax, and abdomen like wings.
Expanse of wings : 34 mm.
1 ? from C'artiLgo, t'osta Rica, June 1903 (Underwood).
The single examiile is not in perfect condition, but appears quite distinct from
•S'. incisariu Wlk., to which it is most closely allied.
7. Thysauocraspeda nudata spec. nov.
Foretciny: pale grey, speckled with blackish, and slightly tinged with fawn-
colour ; an indistinct interrupted central fascia, the outlines only blackish at costa,
and again above inner margin, where they form two small spots above the sub-
median vein and two smaller below it, much as in T. (/eminipuncta ; a slight dark
curved mark before the shallow excision.
( 310 )
Hiiuhvhig : browner, with black speckling ; tlic inuev margin grey ; the tuft
of inner margin yellowisli.
Underside withont markings, grey with a brownish tinge.
Face and palpi blackish ; vertex, thorax, and abdomen grey.
Expanse of wings : '11 mm.
1 S from Santo Domingo, Carabaya, >S.E. Pern, (!50il ft, October 1002
(Ockenden).
Intermediate between T. geminipunrta and inonmta Warr. The mitline of the
wings as in the latter : the forewing, however, has no rough hairs at anal angle,
along veins 1 and 2, nor is vein 2 curved downwards ; Jhe hindwing beneath has
no rough grey hairs towards anal angle, but, as in geminipiincta, a patch of rust-
brown scales in the furrow. But for this and the traces of the central fiiscia on
forewing it might easily be mistaken for inonnitn.
Family GEOMETRIDAE.
Subfamily OENOCHROMINAE.
Leptoctenopsis AVarr., Xov. Zool. ii. p. 84 (189.)).
Parachoreutes Warr., Nov. Zool. iv. p. 410 (1897).
I find that the ueuration in these two genera is the same ; veins 7, 8, 9, lU are
always stalked, but the course of 10 l)efore anastomosis with 11 is so short as
easily to be overlooked; 11 anastomoses strongly with 12, lo generally anastomosing
with 11 and 12 coincidently before the separation of the costal portions of these two
veins, which run close together; subsequently lu anastomoses with 8, 9. Neither
are the palpi different ; their superficial appearance varies according to the position
assumed in death. The species subpiirpurea Warr. must therefore be transferred to
Leptoctenopsis.
8. Racasta caberaria AVlk.
This species has hitherto generally been sunk to Guenee's t^pntiario, but, as far
as I can judge, incorrectly. Guenee states that in the forewing of his species the
four lines do not reach the costa ; but in caberaria they traverse the forewing as
completely as the three lines of the hindwing. As far as description goes, the two
species are better kept separate, following Druce, who, in the liiologia, ii. p. 123,
quotes Walker's species cab<-raria, Init not Guenee's. Dogniu's extendata will in
this case, 1 think, sink as a synonym of caberaria.
Subfamily MECOCERATINAE.
Lasiopates gen. nov.
A development of Phellinodi'K.
Foreu-iiig : nearly three times as long as wide ; costa straight, depressed close
liefore apex ; hindniargin vertical to below vein (i, then strongly oblique ; inner
margin with a large rounded lobe at base.
Hindwing: costa slightly curved; apex rounded; hiudmargin vertical to
vein 4, then sinuous, slightly incurved before unal angle ; inner marginal area
liroad.
Abdomen of S long ; palpi well developed, npcurved in front of face, all the
( 311 )
segments distinct, hairy ; tongue aiul freniilnni well developed, the retiQaciilura
forming as nsnal a strong bar, chili-shaped at end ; antennae thick, sabserrate, with
sessile fascicles of cilia ; legs long, with rongli shaggy hair; pectus woolly.
Nenration : forewing, cell three-tifths of wing ; discocellular bent, obli(ine
inwards in npper two-thirds : first median jnst beyond middle ; second at seven-
eightlis ; radials normal; 7, 8 stalked from before end of cell; 9, 10, 11 free,
11 from jnst beyond middle, straight, well separated from 12; 9, 10 sinnous, 10
approximating first to 11, then to 9; 9 approximating first to In, then to S:
hindwing, cell two-fifths of wing ; costal diverging at base from subcostal ; 7 from
before end of cell ; median vein swollen near base into a dark bulbous excrescence,
curved upwards from the origin of vein 3 ; vein 2 apparently from near liase ; inner
marginal area hairy, the cell-meml)rane puckered.
Type : Lasiopates hyacintliina spec. nov.
9. Lasiopates hyacinthina spec. nov.
Foreinnc/ : hyaline white, but this ground-colour shows onl)' along cell and
below its onter half, all the rest of the wing being covered with irregnlar fuscous
partially confluent striae, the whole surface, except along extreme hindmargin,
glossed with violet-purple according to the incidence of light : at two-fifths a broad
dark mark runs obliquely across cell from costa, and before apex there is a dead
white triangular costal spot ; aloug the hindmargin the white ground-colour shows
behind the fuscous mottling, and there are three dark blotches before margin, one
above vein 6 and one on each side of vein 3 ; fringe dark grey, paler in places, and
whitish-mottled at anal angle.
Ilinila-iny : with the hyaline area embracing not only the cell, but an equal
area beyond it between veins 4 and 6 and half the space between 3 and 4 ; the
costal and onter margins broadly fuscous, the inner margin white mottled with
fuscous ; fringe white, tinged with grey, especially towards apex ; veins across the
hyaline area black ; wings with no pnrplisli gloss.
Underside like npper, but forewing without the purplish gloss.
Face and palpi whitish ochreons, tinged with grey ; vertex white ; thorax,
shoulders, and patagia grey, the last whitish at base internally ; abdomen cinereous,
with a yellowish tinge beneath ; forelegs whitish, blotched with dark grey ; middle-
legs fuscous ; hindlegs pale ochreous.
Expanse of wings : 56 mm.
1 (f from R. Cayapas, N.W. Ecuador (Flemming & Miketta).
Subfamily CYLLOPODINAE.
Authyala gen. nov.
Like Dioptis and Tamosti/lu, but distinguished by the nenration. In the
forewing the cell is half as long as the wing, with the discocellular oblique
throughout ; vein 2 at three-fourths, 3 from end of cell along with 4, not stalked
with it ; the radials rising apparently near together from centre of discocellular ; in
hindwing veins 6, 7 are long stalked, vein 2 from one-half, 3 from three-fourths.
Antennae of S pectinate ; palpi upcurved in front of face.
The wing-membrane is actually hyaline.
Type : Authijdla ohliipiaria spec, nov,
( 312)
111. Authyala obliquaria sjipc. nov.
Foretcing : h3'aline ; the margins black ; inner margin helow snbmedian vein
rnfous, also above it as far as vein 2 ; a narrow rnfons line below subcostal vein to
middle; veins all black ; an oTiliqne black tooth from costa enveloping the disco-
cellnlar : an oblique streak from two-thirds of costa to hindraargin at vein 4,
slightly projecting externally on the veins : beyond the middle the hyaline snbcostal
space is slightly white.
nhi(liilii(f : with custnl and hindmargins aud the veins black ; no markings.
Underside like njiper ; costa of hindwing whitish.
Head, thorax, and abdomen blackish ; face white, with a dark centre ; paljii
black : pectus and abdomen beneath white; legs externally black, interniilly white.
Expanse of wings : 44 mm.
1 S from Cuzco, Pern, April 190] fGarlepp).
11. Campylona aurata spec. uov.
Forciviny : purple-brown, with three yellow areas; a large triangnlar space at
base, reaching three-fonrths of inner margin, limited above by the subcostal vein ;
a long oval blotch from below middle of costa to snbmedian fold, separated from
the basal space by a narrow bund of dnrk ground-colour ; a small elongate yellow
blotch towards apex.
Hindwing : yellow, with hindmiirgin purple-bniwn, from beyond middle of
costa to above anal angle.
Underside like njiper.
Face, two spots on shoulders, and abdomen yellow ; vertex and thorax dark •
palpi with second segment yellow, terminal dark ; abdomen with dark dorsal and
lateral stripes ; abdomen beneath aud legs whitish.
Expanse of wings : 44 mm.
1 ? from Bogota.
Near to C. contingent Warr., and possibly a form of it.
12. Cyllopoda latiflava spec. nov.
Forrwiiig : jiale yellow ; the costa anil inner margin lilack ; a liroad lilack bar
from middle of costa to anal angle, cutting otf a long oval yellow space reaching;-
from subcostal vein to snbmedian fold, its outer edge curved aud somewhat
crenulate.
Ilindidng : with a narrow black border, curving from before ajiex to anal
angle ; inner and costal margins entirely yellow.
Underside the same.
Head, thorax, and abdomen above black ; base of patagia internally bright
yellow ; face and i)aliii below pale yellow ; abdomen beneath white.
Expanse of wings : 40 mm.
1 cJ from Colombia.
Ki. Cyllopoda tenuis spec. nov.
Closely related to ( '. c/iiOc/.a iSchuus, aud agreeing with it in the furewing ; in
the hindwing the subcostal dark margin is wanting, being represented only by a
slight black streak at base of cell ; the black marginal border, which commences at
( 313 )
two-tliii'ds of cosfa, becomes very narrow below apex, and ends in a point at anal
angle ; ttie fringe only of the abdominal margin black.
Expanse of wings : 32 mm.
1 (? from Castro, Parana (E. D. Jones),
14. Dioptis chloris.
Dinptis chloris Drnce, Pr. Z. S. 1803, p. eo."), <S.
A ? from Carillo, Costa Rica, differs from the d in having the first cross-band,
which rnns from below middle of costa towards anal angle, very mnch broader aii<l
ampler. The ? expands 30 mm.
The species differs from other Diopfis in having the cell shorter, scarcely more
than one-third of wing, vein 2 from jnst before end of cell, and 3, 4 long-stalked ;
the other nervnles being lengthened in proportion.
15. Dioptis vacuata spec. nov.
Forewing : hyaline grey ; all the veins thickly black, the folds more finely ;
costal and inner margins black ; hindmargin more broadly, especially at apex ;
a black oblique mark across the discocellnlar, followed by a broad black roughly-
edged streak from two-thirds of costa to near end of vein 4, where it is bent at right
angles, and runs, much finer and more obscure, to inner margin before anal angle ;
between this and the black hindmargin the wing is dead white, the veins from
subcostal to 4 also white ; fringe black.
Himlwinq : with costal and hindmargins black ; all the veins black ; the
intervals between just before margin whitish.
Underside the same, bnt duller.
Head, thorax, and abdomen black; cheeks white; a white spot behind
antennae ; a white dorsal stripe on abdomen ; basal half of patagia orange.
Expanse of wings : 48 mm.
1 c?, 1 ? , from Chiriqui, Panama.
10. Ephialtias aperta spec. nov.
Forcwlng : brown-black ; a yellow streak from below costa beyond middle to
vein 1 at anal angle, its outer edge slightly bulged outwards below vein 5, broader
and deeper in ? than in c? ; fringe concolorous.
HiniUcinij : yellow, with broad brown-black borders, except along the short
inner margin, and, as in forewing, broader and deeper yellow in ?.
Underside dark brown ; the yellow paler.
Head and thorax like wings ; the abdomen duller, beneath with slight blue
reflections.
Expanse of wings : d", 37 mm. ; ? , 40 mm.
1 i from Cajon, C'uzco, Octolier 191)0, ttjpt' ; 1 ? from Cuzco, Peru, April I'JOl ;
1 ? from Ynngas de la Paz, Bolivia, September 1899 (Garlepp).
IT. Ephialtias dorsispilota spec. nov.
Forewing: deep brown-black, with a uiirrow slightly curved lutcous yellow
band, with its edges indented at the veins, from below three-fifths of costa to vein 1
at anal angle ; fringe slightly paler.
( 314)
Ilinrlwing : wlioUj Mack.
Uiidprside like u])per, but the fascia of forewing broader and orange-j-eUow.
Palpi black, grey below ; face black, with a grey spot below each antenna ;
vertex, thorax, and abdomen black ; an orange spot behind each e3"c ; dorsum with
six small ])ale liitoons spots : an olive belt across vein 5 : a broad yellow lateral
stripe ; legs black, with the inside yellowish.
Expanse of wings : 40 mm.
2 (JcJ, 1 ?, from Cananche, ('nudinamarca, Colombia, July 1903 (de Mathan).
The fascia of forewing is exactly like that in Sayai isxti/fpic Wlk. and Phui-araea
enjnnis Hiib. ; bnt in both the wings are mnch broader, and the dorsnm nnspotted,
enjnnis being further separated by the abnormal development of tlie liindwing
of the (?.
1^. Ephialtias percurrens sjiec. nov.
Foifiiciiii/ : brown-lilack, crossed by a yellow liand from middle of costa to anal
angle, mnch as in tri/ma Schaus ; bnt the yellow is deeper, its inner edge starts from
before middle of costa, and the yellow runs tlirongh to costa and inner margin.
Hindwing : brown-black.
Underside like upper.
Head, thorax, and abdomen like wings.
Expanse of wings : 30 mm.
1 ? from Limbani, Carabaya, S.E. Pern, 10,000 ft., November 1001, wet season
(Ockenden).
l'.». Ephialtias repetita spec. nov.
Foretriiig : velvety black, with slight bine reflections ; a yellow band of
uniform width from below middle of costa to vein 1 at three-fourths, its outer edge
slightly convex outwards ; fringe concolorous.
Tlindiriiig : black, with strong blue reflections, witli a trilobed yellow spot
before ajiex, continuing the band of forewing.
Underside the same, but the yellow in both wings broader.
Head, thorax, and abdomen black, with bine rcflertions ; underside of alidomen
dull whitish, with a grey streak down the centre.
Expanse of wings : 40 mm.
1 S from Gnadalite, C'undinamarca, t'ldombia, August 10(i3 (de Mathan).
Nearest to E. liiuiiqi Feld., from Panama, which is a larger insect with broader
wings. There are two examples unnamed in the British Slnseum Collection from
Sta. Martha. E. ilaire Druce resembles this species in the narrowness of the
wings, but is without the yellow spot at apex of hindwing.
20. Josia turgida spec, nov., and ali. conifera nov.
Forewing: dark orange-fulvous; costa and inner margin brown-black, narrow
at base, gradually widening outwards, the edge of the orange area beyond middle
irregular and curved, and forming a blnnt projection before margin at vein 4.
Hindwing : with the apex only broadly black-brown, tliis tint rimning in
narrowly along the subcostal vein to midwing and containing a dee|)er coloured cell-
sput ; a horseshoe-shaped dark blotch on margin between vein 2 and the submedian
( -no )
fold, counefted with the apical lilotcji liy tlie dark fringe, in one example only wirli
the hindmargin itself narrowly dark.
Underside the same.
Face white; vertex, thorax, and dorsum hlack-brown ; sides of shonlders and
greattT part of patagia yellow; a broad lateral stripe on abdomen yellow : abdomen
beneath, pectns, and inside of the legs white; legs externally dark.
E.\])anse of wings : 32 mm.
3 J c? from Valencia, Yeneznela.
Nearest to ,/. yli/ci'ra Drnce.
ab. conifera no v.
Forricing : with the dark costal and inner-marginal borders gradually widening
from liase as in the type form ; bnt the orange area in its onter half forms a narrow
conical projection outwards, its edges nearly straight from middle of each margin.
IliiKhciny : with the dark ajacal blotch produced along subcostal vein narrowly
to base of wing, and connected with an elongated blotch on hindmargin below
vein 2 by a l>road dark space.
Underside the same, but the black of the hindwings less developed.
Head, thorax, and abdomen as in the type form.
1 S from Valencia, Venezuela.
Genus Myrice Wlk.
I find that the genus HemigifmnodfK, described by me in Xoi\ Zool. i. p. 578, is
identical with .}fy//i't> Wlk., ii. p. "jSO. Of the type species of this genus, fransif>?s
fi'om Venezuela, I have lately seen 2 S S and 1 ? from Trinidad wliich are identical
in structure with //. nitida Warr. from Costa Rica.
21. Phelloe semiplaga spec. uov.
Foreirinij: dull brown-black; the veins, especially towards base, grey; an
oblique elongated oval white blotch from subcostal vein before end of cell reaching
below vein 2 ; fringe concolorous.
inmlicing : dark purplish slate-colonr, with a long semi-oval white streak
occupying most of cell and reaching beyond it along vein 4, the rounded upper edge
touching subcostal vein ; fringe concolorons.
Underside of both wing.s dull purplish slate ; both white blotches larger ; the
forewing, in addition, with a streak of white scales from base beneath median vein
and another along inner margin.
Thorax and abdomen purplish slate : face, corslet, pectus, and basal segment
of palpi orange ; rest of palpi, antennae, and legs above dark; abtlomeu and legs
below white.
Expanse of wings : 36 mm.
I ? from Cananche, Candinamarca, Colombia, .Tnly 1003 (de Mathan).
22. Scea angustiniargo spec. nov.
J'orewiiig : dull yellow, with all the veins thickly black; costa and iniicr
margin finely black; hindmargin and ;i]iex black, the inner edge forming a strongly
( 316 )
curved lino from close before anal nngle to two-thirrls of costa, tlie dark margin
lieiiig mncli narrower than in ain-ij/ainmn Iliib.
Iliiidniny : wholly brown-black.
Underside dnilor, the veins of forewing finely grey, the dark areas grey-brown ;
hindwing with three orange snbcostal streaks from base.
Head, thorax, and abdomen dnll blackish.
Expanse of wings : 33 mm.
1 cj from Estanzia Cooper, Alto Paragnay (Inslay).
23. Tithraustes albinigra spec. nov.
Foirtriiifi : white for basal two-fifths, then black with white spots ; along the
white basal area the costa and the subcostal and submedian veins are black, the
last most broadly ; in the black area are fonr white spots, one large and oblong at
end of cell, a small round one between veins 2 and 3 towards anal angle, and two
towards hindiuargin above middle, one on each radial; fringe black.
Hindicing : white, with blackish border along hind and inner margins, forming
a broader patch at ajiex.
Underside similar to upjier, but the submedian vein of forewing hardly marked
with black.
Head, thorax, and abdomen black; base of patagia yellow ; abdomen beneath
and legs whitish ; fore and middle legs blackish in front.
Expanse of wings : 20 mm.
1 c? from Chiriqui.
24. Tithraustes fumosa s])ec. nov.
Foreirin;/ : dark olive-fnscons, with the veins slightly [laler, ending in dnll
yellowish marginal spots; a dnll yellow s]iot near base of cell; a waved dull
yellowish snbmarginal line ; fringe fuscons, with paler base.
lUndwing : dull grey, semihyaline ; fringe dark grey.
Underside dnll smoky fnscous.
Head, thorax, abdomen, and legs all blackish fuscous.
Expanse of wings : 54 mm.
1 ? from (Ihiriqui.
Both wings elongate for the genns.
25. Xauthyris planilimbata spec nov.
Fori'iriiig: yellow ; the dark border of the hindmargiu conspicuously narrower
than in J/arfolata Linn., its inner edge waved only, not toothed ; the veins not
marked ]>aler towards liindmargin ; the tint of the dark bordering is rather ]iurj)lish
brown than black.
Hi 11(1 winy : similar.
Underside like upper, but the inner edge of the border is not even waved.
Head and thorax dark, like the border : shoulders with both internal and
external edges yellowish; abdomen yellow, the anal segment darker; tuft nf
hindlegs brownish.
Expanse of wings : 44 mm.
2 S^ from Chanchamayo, Pern, September lOdl fCiarlejip).
( .517 )
SuBFAMH.v GEOMETRINAE.
Chrotochlora gen. nov.
Foi-eivinq : triaugnlav : all the margins straight, the costa becoming convex
before apex only; hindmargin oblicjue.
nindwinq : with apex and hindmargin ronnded ; anal angle square.
Abdomen without tufts ; hindtiliiae with four short spurs.
Nenration : normal, but in hindwing veins 3, 4, and 6, ~ are not (or scarcely)
stalked. Frenulum present.
Although the unique specimen on which the genus rests is a ? and without
a head, the scheme of coloration jilaces it entirely outside of any known New
World genus.
Type : Chrotochlora perpulchra spec. nov.
26. Chrotochlora perpulchra spec. nov.
Forewinq : deep green ; the cell-spot, a thick oliliijue streak beyond it from
vein 0 to middle of inner margin, before which it becomes very faint, and a liroad
marginal border deep chocolate-brown ; the inner edge of the border is sliuhtly
convex towards base, and at costa runs narrowly along it basewards I'or a short
distance ; fringe chocolate.
Ilimlinnfi : silky white, with a broad greyish chocolate border ; the fringe
dark chocolate : a minute cell-dot.
Underside like upper; costa of forewing at base brown, the outer streak
running to costa; hindwing with traces of an interrupted curved olive median Hue ;
the white running np ray-like along the veins into the dark border.
Head wanting; patagia green; thorax and abdomen snuff-brown ; anal half of
dorsum black ; second and fourth segments marked with a white ring ; abdomen
beneath and legs white ; tarsi and tibiae mottled with brown.
Expanse of wings : 22 mm.
1 c? from Huancabamba, Cerro de Pasco, Peru, 0401 ( ft. (Biittger).
27. Gelasma clemens spec. nov.
Foreiriiiij : ilull whitish, covered with dense olive-green vermiculatious, and
suffnsed with tlie same colour on each side of the inner and outer lines, which are
tine and lunnlate-dentate ; the first very obscure at one-third ; the second at four-
fifths, siunous ; cell-spot obscure, green ; the hindmargin narrowly green ; fringe
jialo, with slightly darker chequering beyond veins.
Ilimhrijiq : without first line ; a conspicuous dark green cell-spot.
Underside whitish green, with diffuse olive-green shades beneath the two lines.
Head, thorax, and abdomen pale greenish.
Expanse of wings : 22 mm.
1 ? from R. C'ayapas, N.W. Ecuador (Flemmiug & Miketta).
The costa of forewiug is slightly marked with pale dots, and has three more
conspicuous ochreous spots before apex; but it lacks the puriilish striae which occur
in hemithearia Warr., from which it alsu dill'ers in neuratiou : veins '.3, 4 not being
long-stalked, nor 6 stalked with T, s, ii in the forcwings. G. albulata Warr. is
very much whiter.
( 318 )
28. Lissochlora intacta spec. nov.
Fomrim/ : grass-green; costal edge very finely white; a niiimte dark cell-
spot ; fringe white : an extremelv obscure series of white dots on veins representing
an onter line.
[lirtdiciny : without cell-spot.
Underside whitish green, deeper green towards costa of forewing.
Head, thorax, ahdomen, and forelegs green ; vertex and antennae suow-wliite
a fine red line behind vertex.
Expanse of wings : 17 mm.
1 c? from Dominica.
29. Oospila thalassina spec. nov.
Forciving : sea-green ; the costal streak and marginal lannies brick-red,
speckled with blackish ; between veins 4 and <i and below vein 2 these Innules are
swollen into large rounded blotches, that at anal angle the larger ; the oue above
vein 6 and the two between veins 2 and 4 remain quite small ; cell-spot large, black-
brown, edged with red ; a deeper green lunnlate-dentate shade is visible in certain
lights only before hindmargin and towards base ; fringe rnfons-grey, mottled darker
beyond the veins ; a fine dark marginal line.
Hindtoiiig : with the lunnles only slightly swollen at apex and anal angle ; a
red-brown cell-spot on lower arm of discoeellnlar and a white inconspicuous spot
at njiper end of upper arm.
Underside wliitish green, rosy-flushed in the forewing ; costa of forewing pink,
nnspeckled ; tlie large Innnles only marked, and wholly dark brown ; fringe pale,
chequered with brown, beyond a dark marginal line : hindwing with slight brown
blotches at apex and anal angle.
Face, palpi, forelegs, and antennae red-brown ; thorax and basal portion of
abdomen green ; anal segments reddish ochreons ; dorsum with five crests of red-
brown and metallic scales ; abdomen beneath whitish ; a lateral grey-pink line
between the green above and the paler underside; legs pale.
Expanse of wings : 35 mm.
1 (? from Cnzco, Pern, April I'jiil (Garlei)p).
Hindwing with crennlate hindmargin; the tooth at vein 4 very faint.
Prasinoscia gen. nov.
Foiyti'tiiff : triangnlar ; costa gently curved at base and before ajiex ; hind-
margin oblique, below vein 3 more oblii|ue and subcrcnnlate.
fliufhci/tf/ : kite-shaped, bluntly angled at vein 4, and crennlate.
Antennae of cJ (tips broken) plumose, the pectinations exceptionally long and
covered with down-like ciliations, exactly as in the separate plumelets of a bird's
feather : palpi slender, quite short ; eyes very large ; tongue and fn'nnlnui present ;
hindtibiae with four spurs.
Neuration : forewing, cell less than half of wing, broad; discoeellnlar concave;
first median nervnie at two-thirds, second close to third, the median inbent from its
origin ; lower radial from above centre of discoeellnlar, upper from top end of cell ;
7,11,10,8,9 all stalked together: hindwing, costal and subcostal anastomosing
( 319 )
ibr nearly the whole length of cell, as iu Ibjilata ; 3, 4 and (1, 7 stalked ; radial
from above middle of discocellular.
Type : Prasinoscia iiixolens spec. nov.
30. Prasinoscia insolens spec. nov.
Foretring : yellow-green, overlaid with darker green in places ; centre of wing
occnjned by a diffuse grey fascia, broadest in the middle ; a slight dark cell-spot ;
fringe yellowish.
Ilindwinq : with the fascia narrower, siiinoas, formed of three grey shades :
marginal area darker green, with a tine snlimarginal shade.
Underside whitish green ; forewing for three-fourths from base clouded with
dark grey.
Face (damaged) dark brown ; thorax and legs yellow-green ; abdomen wanting.
Expanse of wings : 2a mm.
1 S from Valencia, Venezuela.
This species might easily be mistaken for a small Oelasma.
31. Racheolopha rufilimes spec. nov.
Foreiciny : semihyaline green, with a black cell-spot, and the costal edge
marked with rnfous ; hindmargin with a rufous border, formed by red scales massed
on a yellow ground, the veins remaining yellow; the internal edge of this band is
lunulate between the veins marked by a dark line edged in parts with yellow, and
projecting beyond cell and below vein 3 ; a marginal red line, interrupted at the
veins ; fringe yellow.
Hindwiiifi : similar.
Underside paler and duller, the marginal band showing through.
Face and a line behind vertex reddish ; vertex and antennal shaft white ;
thorax and basal half of abdomen green ; the rest rusty brown on dorsum, with
similar coloured crests.
Exi)anse of wings : 17 mm.
1 ¥ from K. Cayapas, N.AV'. Ecundor (Fiemmiug & Miketta).
Near miccularia Guen., but the antennae are simple, not j)ectiuated, as is usual
iu the genus.
32. Racheospila tenuimargo spec. nov.
Foreiriiiq : pale blue-green, iridescent and semihyaliue ; costa at base tinged
with reddish, the costal edge throughout white ; from three-fourths of costa to two-
thirds of inner margin a dentate-Iunulate whitish line is faintly visible ; cell-spot
red ; a thick red line along margin, interrupted by the veins and much swollen
before anal angle ; the extreme hindmargin snow-white : fringe white, che(iuered
with red.
lUndwiug : similar ; the red cell-spot larger ; the marginal line swollen at
apex, and turning the anal angle ; a tine red line on middle of inner margin.
Underside whitish green ; the marginal red line shown ; the liase of costa of
forewing also reddish.
Face, palpi, and back of vertex red ; vertex itself snow-white ; tiiorax green ;
abdomen red, with five snow-white dorsal spots.
Exjianse of wings : 20 — 25 mm.
4 (? c? from Organ Mts., near Tijuco.
( 3^0 )
33. Rhodochlora exquisita ^pcc. uov.
l-'orewiiifi : dull greenish bnff (possibly failed from grey-greeu) ; iuuer line
Iiright sciirlct, sturting from -a small blotch iu cell, forming a long vertical curve
to submedian fold, then a short one to submedian vein, wliere it stops ; outer
line vertical, Innulate-dentate, starting from vein 6, purple to vein 3, then to inner
margin bright scarlet ; followed by a series of four ])nr]ile blotches between tlie
veins, the lowest one between veins 'Z and 3 surrounded by scarlet, which colour
tills rhc whole anal space and is sejiarated from the outer line by a briglit yellow
lunule; a small reddish cell-spot ; fringe green.
Hhidwing : with base dull pale yellow followed by a broad dull ]]uiple liaiid
edged irregularly with scarlet scales, containing a ]iuri>lish linear cell-mark ; outer
three-fifths grey-green crossed by a purple and red dentate-lunulate line ; a reddish
and yellow streak running along veins 6 and 7, the costa remaining pale green.
Underside pale greenish, whitish in hindwing and along inner margin of
forewing; a broad purjile-red erect streak from anal angle of forewing to vein (i,
with traces of a dark line before it ; hindwing with a purplish apical blotch onlv.
Face and palpi reddish ; vertex and base of antennae white ; thorax and
abdomen pale green, the latter tinged with red on anal segments ; abdomen below
and legs whitish green, the ends of the tibiae with a fuscous ring.
Expanse of wings : 4i) mm.
1 i from Santo Domingo, Carabaya, S.E. Peru, (j.JOn ft., January 1903, rainy
season (Ockeuden).
Subfamily STERRHINAE.
34. Anisodes subpallida ab. figurata nov.
Hitherto all the i S \ have seen of this sijecies, described in Xot. Zool. vii.
p. 145, have not differed from the ? ?. The aberration now <'haracterised is marked
by the intensification of all the black markings, especially in the hindwing.
In the forewing only the two subterminal shades are marked by enlarged
black sjiots beyond cell and above anal angle : in the hindwing the spots of the
basal series are united by a black line preceded by a dark shade ; the median
shade just be^-ond the cell-spot is diffusely blackish and obscurely serrate ; the
jjostmedian series is represented by a strong black denticulate line, and the two
subterminal shades by contiguons large black spots, interrupted, like the onter line,
only between veins 2 and 4.
This difference, however, is confined to the upperside, the under surface being
(|uite normal ; the tips of the metathorax are black and the second segment of
abdomen bears a black ring ; the dorsal segments are much redder than usual.
1 $ from Castro, Parana, October 1902 (E. D. Jones), accompanied by two
i]uite normally coloured ? ?.
3,j. Cnemodes simplex spec nov.
Forewiiiij : uniform flesh-colour, slightly tinged with olive-grey, without any
markings ; cell-sj)ot faintly darker ; fringe concolorous.
lluidwiiig : like forewing.
Underside paler.
( 321 )
Face and outside of palpi dull brownish ; thorax and abdomen like wings.
Expanse of wings : 36 mm.
1 (? from Santo Domingo, Carabaya, S.E. Peru, (iOun ft., 19iil (Oc.kenden).
3il. Crypsityla subrosea spec. nov.
Foreicirig : dull greyish i)lnk, tlie costa paler, olive-ochreous ; the whole wing,
except at base and along costa, clouded with purplish fuscous ; fringe grey-pink ;
some marginal pale spots at ends of veins ; in certain lights there are traces
of interrupted olive-ochreous waved cross-lines ; cell-sjjot linear, dark, but incon-
sjiicuous.
Hiiuhcimi : wholly purjde, except base and fringe.
Underside dull deep rosy, somewhat paler in Inudwiug.
Head, thorax, and abdomen dull red varied with purplish ; shoulders and base
of patagia olive-ochreous ; antennae purple.
Expanse of wings : 22 mm.
1 S from Guadalite, and 1 $ from Cananche, Cuudinamarca, Colombia, August
and September 1903 (de Mathan).
37. Dichromatopodia hepaticata spec. nov.
Foretcing : brown-red, covered with very fine dark atoms; a fine dark out-
wardly oblique line at one-third ; a thick straight blackish line from four-fifths of
costa to three-fifths of inner margin, followed by a slight grey shade ; cell-spot
blackish edged with grey ; a very fine dark marginal line, interrupted at the veins ;
fringe concolorons.
Hindwing : with median line only.
Underside duller, with the outer line only and cell-spot of forewing ; inner
margin of forewing glossy white.
Head, thorax, and abdomen like wings ; tuft of hindlegs black and white.
Expanse of wings : 26 mm.
1 <? from Cananche, Cuudinamarca, Colombia, August 1903 (de Mathan).
Like sobrina Druce, but the lines are not margined with yellow.
38. Emmiltis inquinatula spec. nov.
Forewing : chalk-white, finely speckled with black and stained with yellowish
along inner margin below middle as far as outer line ; thi.s is represented merely
by a double oblique mark on inner margin and a rounded blotch between veins 2
and 4 ; an oblitjue short brownish blotch on inner margin similarly represents the
median shade, and a black s])ot the inner line ; cell-s])ot black, minute ; a row of
black marginal spots ; fringe white.
lliudwiiig : similarly speckled and stained ; cell-spot large, black ; outer line
double, the inner arm fine, black, dentate, the outer brown and diffuse ; traces of
a punctate submarginal line ; marginal spots black.
Underside of forewing grey-tinged through basal three-fourths, of hindwing
only along costa ; grey cell-spots in both wings.
Head, palpi, and antennae black : thorax and abdomen snow-white.
Expanse of wings : 16 mm.
3 <J (J from Palcazu, Peru, Department Juuin (Sedlmayr).
( 322 )
3y. Emmiltis ochratipennis spfc. nuv.
Forewing : sandy yellowish, finely dusted with dark scales; the lines grey;
first at one-fourth, slightly waved ; second, niediau, at two-thirds, bluntly angled
at veins li and 4, tlien incurved to miildlc of inner margin; outer line snbniarginal,
distinctly lunulate-dentate ; a grey cloud at anal angle ; a tine interrupted marginal
line; cell-spot oval, with pale centre.
llindtciiig : like forewing, but without inner line.
Underside paler yeUow, with the lines faint.
Head, thorax, and abdomen like wings; ujiper part of face and palpi dark.
Expanse of wings : 27 mm.
1 ? from Valencia, Venezuela.
Closely allied to /:.'. ainhagij'rra and consohriiiata Warr., both from Venezuela,
bnt very different in coloration and in the form of outer line.
Eumacrodes gen. nov.
Forewing: three times as long as broad; costa curved towards apex; hind-
margin oblique, hardly curved.
Himlwiiiy : ecjually narrow ; ajiex depressed and rounded ; hindmargin toothed
at 4 and 6, strongly incised between; also toothed at 1, the margin from 4 to I
parallel to costal margin and crennlate.
Antennae of c?, in comparison with the general slenderness of the wings, thick;
the segments angular, subserrate, with long cilia ; palpi short ; hindlegs aborted ;
the hindtarsi padded with hair, except the terminal segment.
Abdomen very slender and elongate, equal to the length of forewing.
Nenration of Fti/chopoda, but cell longer than half of wing.
Type : Eamacvodeii gracilis spec. nov.
411. Eumacrodes gracilis spec. nov.
Forewing : pale grey, semi-transparent, darker along the borders ; lines shown
by black vein-spots ; the inner oblique outwards to near middle of inner margin,
the median and outer from three-fifths and three-fourths of costa oblique inwards,
all three approximating on inner margin, the median and outer angled outwards
on vein 6 ; a small black cell-spot ; black marginal dashes, and black dots beyond
veins at the base of the pale grey fringe.
Hindwinq : similar, but the lines obscure ; a slight pale submarginal space is
visible on each wing.
Underside brownish grey, paler in hindwing.
Face black ; thorax and abdomen dark grey.
Exjianse of wings : 2'Z mm.
1 i from Valencia, Venezuela.
41. Haemalea bruuueata siiec. nov.
Forewing: dark purplish brown, deeper along costa and hindmargin; the
lines, as far as visible, the same as in nigromargiuata Dogu., the median shade
thicker and straighter ; fringe dark like the margin.
Hindwing : with the black cell-spot and two lines.
The paler inner areas of both wings have a slight cujireous tinge.
( 323 )
Underside copiJery brown with the lines darlier ; marginal ureas and costa of
forewing i)ur])Iisli.
Head, thorax, and abdomen dark pnrple-brown ; fillet and base of antennae
white ; abdomen beneath and legs cream-colonr.
Expanse of wings : 22 mm.
1 c? from Cananclie, Cimdinamarca, Colombia, Angust I'JOS (de Mathan).
42. Haemalea rufifimbria spec nov.
Forewing : jiale straw-colonr, with sparse blackish sj)eckling ; lines faint,
yellowish ochreous, all parallel in direction to hindmargin, inner, median, outer,
and two submarginal, the last three waved and indented beyond cell ; cell-spot
round, black ; marginal spots black and large : costal edge and fringe bright rosy.
Hindiciiig : the same, without inner line ; the marginal spots small.
Underside whitish ochreous, without markings ; the rosy fringe preceded by a
grey line ; costal area of forewing grey.
Face and palpi black ; vertex white with a tine black line on crown ; collar
brown-pink ; thorax and abdomen like wings, aud speckled with black.
Expanse of wings : 22 mm.
1 c? from Palcazn, Peru, Department Junin (Sedlmayr).
The antennae are fringed with very long aud tine cilia.
43. Heterephyra duplicata spec. nov.
Fori'iviiiij : ochreous with a flesh-coloured tinge, and slightly dusted with
rufons ; lines and markings dark red-brown; basal area sj)eckled with brown,
with two small blackish spots, one at base of cell, the other below it, above
submediau vein, limited by a curved brown line from about one-sixth of costa to
one-fourth of iuner margin ; median line concisely doable, dentate-lunulate, strongly
outcurved from subcostal vein to below vein 2, then obli([ue outwards and angled
on submedian ; the space between it and inner line along inner margin red-brown
as far as submedian fold ; outer line single, lunulate-dentate, at two-thirds, angled
at veins 6 and 4, then incurved and approaching median on inner margin ; a large
quadrate red-brown blotch occupying apes to vein 4, containing a slight oblique
paler subapical mark on costa, indicating origin of submarginal line ; a small blotch
of the same colour filling anal angle ; costa diffusely red-brown to beyond middle ;
cell-mark formed by two brown dots, one at each end of discocellular ; marginal
line crenulate, blackish, interrupted by pale dots at the end of the veins ; fringe
red-brown, except from vein 2 to 4, where it is flesh-coloured, with a dark dot at
base beyond veins 2 and ■>.
HinrhciiKj : red-brown, with the base narrowly, and a patch at anal angle
]iinkish ochreous ; cell-spot and lines as in (Virowing, but the median line single, not
double.
Underside ruddy ochreous, with all the markings fuscous.
Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous tinged with reddish ; paljii externally
red-brown.
Expanse of wings : 36 mm.
1 ¥ from Guadalite, Cundinamarca, Angust l'.)03 (de Mathan).
Resembling JI. commaciilata Warr. from Kio Demerara, but apjiarently
distinct.
22
(,324 )
44. Lipomelia rubicunda spfc. uov.
Forewiny : jiale livcr-culiuir, tiiig;ed with reddish ; costa at hase iiroadly black-
browu ; coil-spot silvery white with black edj;e ; a reddish median line from middle
of costa to middle of inner margin, straight to median vein tonrhing the cell-sj)Ot,
then siuuoas ; outer Hue from two-thirds of costa, strongly (mt< nrved to vein 2, then
again onteurved and vertical to inner margin before anal angle ; a large hoary grey
blotch at apex with dark curved inner edge from costa to vein 5, its centre reddish
and the marginal spots in it large and black ; a similar but much smaller blotch at
anal angle ; marginal spots between grey ; fringe reddish.
Hindwing : like forewiug.
Underside bright vinous, with blackish marginal borders broadening towards
apex of each wing, the black extending into the frinires.
Expanse of wings : 25 mm.
1 ? from Ariajiite Valley, Trinidad, June 19U2.
45. Ptychopoda informipennis spec. nuv.
Forewing : glossy olive-ochreous, flushed with pinkish and finely and sparsely
speckled ; costa pink-tinged : a faint diflnse pinkish shade, only clearly visible on
inner margin, denotes the inner and median lines ; onter line snbmarginal, finely
blackish, indented beyond cell and across submedian fold, oiitcurved between, from
five-sixths of costa to just before anal angle ; the marginal area pinkish lilac ; a
slight dark marginal line ; fringe yellowish ; cell-spot small, blackish.
Tliiidicii)q : similar ; the median pink shade distinct.
Underside the same ; the costal half of forewing flushed with pinkish grey.
Face and palpi blackish; collar pink ; vertex, thorax, and abdomen oehreous
yellow, the abdomen pink-tinged on dorsum.
Expanse of wings : 17 mm.
1 ? from R. Colorado, Peru, August, Se])tember 1002 (Watkins).
Both wangs broader and shorter than usual, rounded at apex and indented
opposite cell ; the inner margin of forewing convex.
I have seen several other examples from different localities in Peru, but all too
poor to describe.
Schematorhages gen. nov.
Forewing : triangular ; costa sinuate, inflexed in middle, apex produced,
depressed ; hindmargin sinuous, longer than inner margin, into which it curves
without forming a defined angle.
Iliiuliciiig : aborted, narrow ; the costa convex and curving into hindmargin ;
inner margin triuicate and distorted.
Antennae with the joints angulate, ciliated ; palpi slender, short, ubliiiuely
nptnrned ; tongue slight ; frenulum very fine, but long ; hindlegs aborted.
JS'euration : forewing, cell half as long as w ing, broad ; discocellular vertical ;
first median nervule at two-thirds, secoud close before third ; radials normal ; 7, 8. i)
stalked ; lu and 11 stalked, anastomosing with the stem of 7, 8, 'J : hindwing, cell
reduced to a short oval, with four veins visible, one from the apex of the oval to
below apex of wing ; two from the lower margin of cell running into the j)rojecting
middle of hindmargin, and one apparently from base; the inner margin folded and
( 325 )
coutui'teil, without anj- visible venation. From the base of forewing there are traces
of a wisp of long straggling hairs.
Type : Scheniutoiltai/es arhostiotles spec. uov.
46. Schematorhages arhostiodes spec nov.
Forewiixj : bone-colonr, covered with grey speckles ; basal and median lines
obscure; the first curved vertically, the second from beyond middle of costa, where
it starts from a black spot, is incurved below the black cell-spot and reaches inner
margin close to inner line ; outer line fine, black, irregularly waved from four-fifths
of costa to a little before anal angle, somewhat outcurved below middle ; two grey
submarginal bands with the pale submaiginal line between them ; a row of dark
linear marginal dashes ; fringe jiale.
JIi/i(//c/iii/ : with two thick black lines before middle, diverging on inner
margin, the rest of the wing jiale, with dark atoms, but no markings.
Underside ochreous ; forewing with basal area grey ; cell-spot black ; the
outer line and two submarginal shades distinct: hindwing jiale, without markings.
Face and palpi dark brown ; vertex, thora.x, and abdomen ochreous dnsted
with grey.
Expanse of wings : IT mm.
1 c? from R. Colorado, Peru, 2500 ft., August, September 1902 (Watkins).
47. Synelys ochreolata spec. nov.
Fo)-ew//i(/: white with an exceedingly faint ochreous tinge ; in certain lights an
outer line and two submarginal shades can just be made out ; fringe white.
Hindwiny : the same.
Underside white ; the basal three-fourths of forewing suffused with reddish grey.
Face and palpi black ; vertex, thorax, and abdomen white.
Expanse of wings : 26 mm.
1 <? from K. Colorado, Peru, 2500 ft., August, September, 1002 (Watkins).
The angle of the hindwing is blunt.
48. Tricentra commixta spec nov.
Foreiviny : along inner margin at base greyish olive, with a darker smoky
patch at base of costa ; costal area in middle dull brownish yellow ; outer half of
wing red-pink, the apex pale yellow ; lines olive-fuscous : first fine, from one-fourth
of costa curved to beyond one-fourth of inner margin, with fine black points on the
veins and folds ; median line diffuse, curved, from middle of costa to beyond middle
of inner margin, the red on each side of it deeper ; outer line fine, irregularly
dentate-lunulate, from two-thirds of costa to inner margin just before anal angle,
marked on submedian fold liy a consjiicuous black spot, followed at costa by a broad
fuscous band curving to hindmargin and running out into the yellow fringe between
veins 4 and 2 ; anal angle and fringe fuscous ; cell-spot formed of two coalescent
semihyaline white dots.
lUiuhciiKj : blurred olive, with dull red postmedian band from vein 4 to 1,
through which is visible the waved dark outer line, bcarin"', as in forewinn', a black
( 320 )
sjjot on siibmiHliaii I'okl, bnt much smaller; fringe and fxtremL' liimlmurgiQ dull
3'ellow ; cell-sjiot fcii'med ol' two while dots uot eoalesceut.
Underside of forewing diirk leaden fnscons, the costal urea reddish and 3ellow ;
the apex with ajiical and anal fringe, and a large cell-sj)ot whitish yellow; a darker
obscure outer line : liindwing whitish yellow clouded with grey, the cell-spot and
outer margin remaining jiale ; a dark postmedian line.
Head, antennae, and shoulders vinous red ; thorax and dorsum olive ; anal
segment and underside of abdomen, and the legs ochreous ; forelegs reddish fuscous
in front.
Expanse of wings : 32 mm.
1 c? from Huancabamba, (,'erro de Pasco, Peru, (540ii ft. (Bottger).
40. Tricentra decorata spec. nov.
Forewing : white with a yellow tinge, crossed by three strongly waved bright
red lines, the veins also red; at the lower end of cell a large round snow-white spot,
with a white dot above it at the top of the discocellular ; costa and a snbmarginal
baud somewhat broadly brown, the browu reaching in the middle between first and
outer line to the median vein, surroundiug the white spots and running as a broad
streak to margin bctweea veins 3 and o; marginal area narrowly yellow, with a
brown-red marginal line; fringe yellow, interrupted in middle by the brown streak.
liindwing : with the whole space, except on extreme inner margin, between
first and outer lines browu ; the lower white sjJot smaller an 1 the upjier larger than
on forewing, the brown marginal baud almost touching margin, and broad at anal
angle ; fringe yellow, interrupted by brown at middle.
Underside yellowish pink, the liindwing paler with a marginal border, the
discocellular spots showing pale.
Head, thorax, and abdomen variegated red and yellow, the head parts brown-red,
the patagia and thorax yellow.
Expanse of wings : 17 mm.
1 <S from R. Cayapas, N.W. Ecuador (Flemming & Miketta).
50. Tricentra flavimargo spec. nov.
Forewing: dull ]iiiik, with a grey suffusion and dusted with black atoms,
especially towards and aloug inner ujargiu ; the lines dark, but indistinct; first
curved at one-fourth ; outer from two-thirds of costa to two-thirds of inner margin,
outcurved in middle and lunulate-dentate, projecting between veins 3 and 4 ;
snbmarginal parallel to outer line ; marginal area narrowly bright yellow, more
broadly at apex, the fringe yellow ; a yellow vertical mark on discocellular edged
with brighter pink.
liindwing : similar; the discocellular with a minute white dot at each eud ;
marginal red dots at ends of veins.
Underside dark reddish grey, pinker towards costa of forewing and hindraargins
of both wings ; both discocellulais marked by a yellowish white streak ; the \ cllow
at margin (piite pale.
Head, tliorax, and abdomen grey-pink ; aliilonicn bencalh yellow.
Expanse of wings : 10 mm,
1 6 from L'ananche, Cuiidinamarca, Colombia, August 1UU3 (de Mathan).
( 327 )
Subfamily HYDRIOMBNINAE.
51. Anapalta flavilucens spec. nov.
Foreiring : j-pllowish white, c:r(>3--t.in<;ed ; the markinn;s fiisrons anrl blackish;
basal patch dark fnscous, its onter edge curved ; ceuti'al fascia with outer edge
excurved and dentate-lunnlate, its inner edge nearly straight; its costal area above
vein 6 dark fuscons, the lines hardly visible ; the lines alone are visible in the
middle of wing, and again become more or less obscured in a grey suffusion at inner
margin ; a large black cell-sjiot ; tlie bands before and beyond the central fascia
traversed by a grey line, which in the inner band is on the costa expaniled into a
grey blotch ; marginal area blackish fuscons, the submarginal line being denoted
merely by the black lunules which precede it ; a dark marginal line interrupted at
the veins ; fringe grey-brown.
Ilnuhriiiq : more yellowish ; a dark cell-spot ; marginal border dark grey,
separated from the pale grey base by a broad curved submarginal yellow band.
Underside dull yellowish, with the costa of forewing, the onter edge of median
bands, the cell-spots, and outer margins dark fuscous.
Head, thorax, and abdomen yellowish, sj)eckled with grey.
Expanse of wings : 30 mm.
1 ? from R. Colorado, Peru, 25iJ0 ft., August, September 1902 (Watkins).
Near A. gelatina Warr. (Eji/rr/ioe), but much paler.
Antepirrhoe gen. nov.
I propose this new genus for those few species, otherwise like Epirrhoc, in
which the discocelhilar of hiiidwing is biangulate with the radial rising from the
lower angulation, instead of oblique with the radial from the centre.
Type; A. (lelimitata Warr. {Epirrhoe).
Lai-entia homophana Hmpsu., F. B. I. iii. p. 309, and L. lati/iisata Wlk. xxv.
p. 1298, will be included.
52. Antepirrhoe vacillans spec. nov.
Fore/viiiy : dull olive-green; the markings deeper green and fuscons; basal
patch, formed of four dark curved lines, jirojecting at middle; central fascia broad
on costa, occupying middle third of wing ; its inner edge obliipie ontwards to
subniedian fold, then bent at a right angle, to inner margin near basal patch ; onter
edge inangled beyond cell, and jirojecting at vein 4, less so at vein 6, irregularly
crenulate throughout, to two-thirds of inner margin ; the lower extremity on inner
margin forked, containing a blotch of paler gronnd-colonr ; a similar blotch above
median vein, containing the cell-spot ; submarginal line luunlate, jireceded by a
square dark blotch at costa and a smaller one beyond cell ; the lunules below tilled
np in part with dark, and all tipped outwardly with white, followed by short dark
streaks to margin ; a dark triangular apical blofili, above an o]ili(|ue pale streak
from apex; black marginal dots in jiairs ; fringe olive-green, with dark miiMle line
and dark mottling l>eyond veins ; costa dotted with black.
Iliii(hriiig : greyish white, with a dark grey dentate-lnnnlate submarginal
shade between two paler bands ; a partial black marginal line ; fringe pale grey.
( 328 )
Underside greenish giT_v; markings of forewiiis: ilarlcer, the oosta liroadlv
yellowish : hiiidwiog jialer, with dark cell-spot, fine Iminlate-dentate dark post-
median line, and clondy snbmarginal line.
Head, thorax, and abdomen greenish ; anal tnft ochreons, with a black spot at
base ; the three preceding segments darker on dorsum.
Expanse of wings : 44 mm.
2 cf<? from Bolivia, between 8orato and Mapiri, lOOij m., Angnst 1900, dry
season (Simons).
Aperusia gen. no v.
Forewing : elongate : costa liiintly cnrved ; apex prominent ; hindmargin
obliquely cnrved, slightly indented above anal angle.
Ilindwing : narrow; truncate at apex, indented befnre anal angle, the hind-
margin straight between veins 7 and 3.
Antennae (c?) simj)le, lamellate ; paljii porrect, laxly scaled, resembling those
of Psaliodes ; tongue and frenulum present.
Nenration : forewing, cell half as long as wing; discocellular vertically concave ;
median vein shortly intiected at end ; the second median nervule from the bend
shortly before the third, the first close before second, and curved downwards at
origin; vein 5 from rather below the middle of discocellular ; 0 shortly stalked with
7, 8, 9 ; lu anastomosing with II, and again with 8, '.i, forming a double areole :
hindwing, costal and subcostal anastomosing for middle third of cell : 11, 7 from
upper angle, not stalked as usual ; discocellular deeply iiianguhite, and again angled
outwards just above lower end, vein Ti from this bend, and therefore close
above 4 ; 3 shortly before 4, 2 at two-thirds.
Type : Aperusi'j jiinicti»trinta spec. nov.
The only species superficially resembles the yellow species of Peruxia.
53. Aperusia punctistriata spec. nov.
Fureiririg : pale yellow, glossy ; the lines dark brown ; a patch of brown scales
at base of inner margin ; inner line quite close to base, outcurved to median vein,
and ipiite faint below it ; second line interrnptetlly double, from one-third of costa
to two-fifths of inner margin, angled dutwards in cell and on subniedian fold,
inwards on the veins ; outer line also double, from two-thirds of costa to two-thirds
of inner margin, angled outwards on veins 4 and 0 ; both lines represented in parts
by brown dots, which also form irregular series in the space between them and in
those on either side ; a snbmarginal line of brown lunulate blotches between the
veins ; marginal spots iu pairs at the vein-ends ; fringe yellow ; cell-spot obscure,
pale brown.
IlindiriiHi : pale yellow, without any markings.
Underside dull yellow, with brownish speckling"in the forewing, flic markings
of the u]ipersidc showing through.
Head, thorax, and abdomen pale yellow ; the patagia in j>avt and the meta-
thoracic tuft dark brown ; paljii speckled with brown ; forelegs mottled with brown.
Expanse of wings : 3.5 mm.
1 cJ from Santo Domingo, Carabaya, S.E. Pern, (i.'iDii ft., January 1002, dry
season (Ockenden).
( 329 ) ■
Cirrhorheuma gen. nov.
Wings narrow and elongate ; nenrfition as in Pcri-mna ; paljii sliort, deenmbent,
rough-haired ahove and below ; forewing of S beneath witli tlie eell oecn]]ied liy a
bed (if cnrled hairs.
Type : Cirrhorheuma paUidimaryo spec. nov.
54. Cirrhorheuma pallidimargo spec. nov.
Fonvriiu] : grey suffused witli fuseous, the hindiuargin becoming whitish;
lines thick, brownish fuscous, with fine pale edging ; first close to base, curved,
with pale outer edge ; second sinuous fiora one-fonrth of costa to one-half of
inner margin, inwardly edged with pale ; outer line from two-thirds of costa
to close before anal angle, strongly cnrved outwards to vein 3, then sinuate and
vertical, outwardly pale-edged ; sulimarginal line wliite, lilnntly jirojecting below
vein 6, and approaching outer line at anal angle ; marginal area beyond it,
except a costal blotch, white witli grey clouds ; a row of dark dashes along
raar^in between the veins ; fringe whitish, chequered with grey ; cell-spot round,
lilaek ; all the lines are thickened and blacker towards inner margin, and their
pale edgings white at costa; in tlie brown central fascia can be traced beyond
the cell-spot a cnrved median line, which is preceded on inner margin by a ]iale
upright blotch.
Ilhvlwinq : smooth, leaden grey, with dark ee]l-s]iot and traces of two dark
lines on inuer margin at anal angle ; marginal line and fringe as in forewing.
Underside brownish grey, darker along costa of forewing, where the beginnings
of the lines are shown ; apex of forewing pale brown-grey ; the tuft of hairs in
cell blackish : hindwing paler, with two dark outer lines and cell-spot.
Head, thorax, and abdomen fuscous.
Expanse of wings : 24 mm.
1 (J from Agualani, S.E. Pern, in,Oiiii fr. (Ockenden).
.55. Coenocalpe euholiata spec. nov.
Forciviwi : dull grey ; the lines and sliading dark fu.scous ; a band of three
fine dark lines limits the basal patch, the outermost angled on subcostal vein ;
inner edge of central fascia formed by an inwardly concave thick fuscons shade
at one-third : outer edge from four-fifths of eosta to two-ihirds of inner margin,
bluntly bulged at middle, preceded by a dark fuscous shade paling inwards,
and traversed by four dentate-lunulate darker lines, all, as well as the two lines
followiuK the inner edge, slenderly but distinctly marked on costa ; the fascia
is limited outwardly by a pale band with white linear inner edge, a grey
central line, and with an inwardly dentate-lunulate dark grey line on its outer
edge ; marginal area dark grey, traversed by a pale waved submarginal line ;
a dark grey obliipie streak i'rom ajiex ; a fine dark marginal line ; fringe grey ;
cell-spot black, distinct.
IliiuJwing : paler ; the lines as in tnrewing, but wirliont dark i'uscous shading.
Underside rosy grey, dappled with dark grey ; all the lines marked in brown-
grey ; marginal area with whitish subnuirginal spots.
Head, thorax, and ahdomen reddish grey, the face and palpi darker.
( 330 )
Expanse of wings : 32 mm.
1 c? from Linibiiiii, Caraliaia, S.E. rem, 0500 ft., April 19ii4, drj- season
(Ookenden).
50. Coenocalpe ignifera spec. nov.
Forfwing : dark cinereous below the median vein as far as inner edge of
central fascia, and uarrowl)' along hindmargin ; the base of wing to one-fonrth of
inner margin and the whole area above median vein to onter line and the wavy
outer line itself bright brick-red ; basal line double, acntelv angled in cell, fnscons ;
the rest of the lines appear only as dark blotches on costal edge ; in the lower
half of central fascia below median can be seen three dark waved lines and
three black lines close together bejond the red base ; beyond the red exterior
line is a submarginal line marked by white Innules, that between :i and 4 forming
a round white spot ; pairs of dark dots along margin at ends of veins ; fringe
grey ; cell-spot dark.
Hindicing : paler cinereous, towards costa whitish, with traces of cnrved wavy
darker grey lines; onter band dnll brick-red, swollen into a patch above anal
angle ; marginal cell-spots and fringe as in forewing ; a small cell-spot.
Underside grizzled grey, with darker cross-lines ; forewing with inner margin
blurred grey ; cell and outer band dull red ; submarginal spot between 3 and 4
white : hindwing with base and submarginal band reddish ; cell-spots black.
Head, shoulders, and abdomen dark cinereous ; thorax, patagia, and basal
segment of abdomen brick-red ; legs and palpi dark grizzled grey.
Expanse of wings : 30 mm.
1 ? from Limbani, Carabaya, S.E. Peru, OooO ft., April 1904, dry season
(Ockenden).
Hindmargin of forewing blnntlv bent at vein 3.
57. Coenocalpe uitida siu>c. nov.
Fuie.H-iny : white, tinged in parts with bluish grey ; the costal streak and
cnss-markings fuscous, sometimes mixed with pale brown ; basal patcli quite
small, followed by a narrow band, the lines forming them acutely angled on
subcostal, then oblique basewards ; inner edge of central fascia formed of three
lirownish fuscous oblique lines parallel to tlie hindmargin : the outer edge much
wider, i'nrmed of three parallel waved dentate-lunulate grey lines, filled up
above median with ilark brownish fuscous, below with pale olive-grey, the
central area remaining whitish ; the innermost of the onter three lines blackish,
and projecting basewards above median vein as a dark cloud touching the black
cell-spot ; the marginal lines distinct only towards costa, where the central fascia
is followed by a thin white line, and the submarginal line commences white, the
space between these being filled in with brown-bJack, and a brown-black streak
running from apex to meet it, the space below median remaining white ; marginal
area narrowly bine-grey ; an interrupted fine dark marginal line : fringe white,
the basal half mottled olive-brownish.
Ilimhving : white, with traces of all flie lines, which are well niarkeil only
on inner margin ; marginal area narrowly grey ; fringe as in forewing.
Underside whitish ; in forewing sufl'nsed, except on inner margin, with dark
( 331 )
grpy, all. tlie linos darker aiul clear abovf middle; the snbmarginal white throngh-
ont, preceded by a dark band : hindwiiig white, with the markings olive fiiscons.
Head dark fuscons ; thorax and patagia whitish or pale brownish ; abdomea
grey, with the black lines of hindwings shown across dorsal segments.
Expanse of wings : 22 mm.
A considerable number from Hnancabamba, Cerro de Pasco, Pern, OOOt) to
10,000 ft. (Bottger).
Forewing pointed at apex ; liindmargins crennlate.
58. Deinoptila pellicula Dogn.
Tiie ? of this species differs from the c? in several particnlars. The cross-
lines of the forewing are much more developed and regular, and in consequence
the dark spaces of gronnd-colonr are much less conspicuous, being, in fact,
restricted to one in middle of wing beyond basal patch and another on hind-
margin above middle ; the double cross-lines throughout are tilled in with dnll
olive-green, while the vinous red edges and the red veins are alike more
prominent : the fringe is bright vinous throughout along basal half, and
chequered with dark only in the outer half
The liindwing above is wholly cinereous, the fringe and ap^'x being bright
vinous. Underneath the hiudwing is vinous, with the basal area below the
subcostal vein, two curved median bands, and a broad snbmarginal band
cinereous ; in forewing the costa is vinous red from near base to the middle ;
the outer line towards costa is vinous, and there is a subapieal and a])ical
vinous spot, the latter mixed with pale yellow.
Expanse of wings : 40 mm.
One example from Santo Domingo, (_'arab;iya, S.E. Pern, (ionO ft., October 1002,
dry season (Ockenden).
59. Erebochlora albistrota spec nov.
ForeiniKj : dark sage-green, with the markings black-green, all very much as
in E. chavvu'h'onin Schaus, but much less distinct, owing to the darkness of the
gronnd-colonr ; the veins beyond middle, the two intervals on each side of the
subapieal costal blotch, and an oblique apical streak alone pink ; the outer half
of cell white, the white not quite reaching the subcostal vein ; fringe pale and
dark green ; small pink spots on margin between veins.
HindiriiK/ : wholly smoky fuscous ; fringe fuscous, with paler basal line.
Underside of both wings dark greenish fuscons ; apex of forewing with a
few jiale scales only ; costa of forewing dark fuscous ; the intervals rosy pink, but
none extending lielow subcostal vein ; veins of hindwing and course of postmedian
line slightly ]iink-tinged.
Head and thorax dark green and blackish, mixed with tlnll rosy scales ;
abdomen cinereous.
Expanse of wings : 40 mm.
1 (j from Limbani, I 'aralitiya. S.K. IVru, O.'iOO ft., April 10ii4. dry season
(0(!kenden).
This raav be an extrenii' form t\{ r/iamnt'li'onis Schaus.
( 332 )
<'.(i. Eriopygidia subrubescens s]ipc. iin\-.
I'oreniiiq : olive-drab ; tbe markings dark olive ; the lines black ; basal patch
crossed by three curved iiiterrnpted lines and tinged with olive ; central fascia deep
olive, edited by black lines and traversed by another in the middle, all three starting
from large velvety black costal blotches, containing a large black cell-spot and
some black scales on snbmedian fold ; bauds on either side pale, with a waved olive
traversing line ; three black costal streaks before apex, from the first of which an
olive dentate-hinnlate line rnns to anal angle, the second and third representing the
two snbmarginal shades marked chiefly by some black scales and a dark olive cloud
beyond cell, the whole of the marginal area being tinged with olive; a bbuU-
marginal line beyond cell only ; fringe olive with black spots at veins.
HindiriiKf : olive-drab, tinged with olive towards margin, with obscure eell-s]iot
and traces of two cnrved lines beyond niidille, plainest above anal angle.
Underside dull reddish ; in forewing the central fascia, cell-spot, costal spots
and chequering of the fringe darker : hindwing with dark postmedian line.
Head, thorax, and abdomen olive-drab ; palpi with the base of each segment
black ; fore and middle tarsi spotted with black.
Expanse of wings : 30 mm.
1 S from Cuzco, Peru, January 1901 (Garlepp).
In appearance like a Spargania, bnt with the long palpi and strongly developed
anal tufts of Eriojiyqklia.
Genus Entephria Hiib.
The genits Entepfiria Hiib. Verz. p. 332, iy\\e. Jfnricinctata Hiib. Geom. 354
(Verz. No. 31015), has the priority of Ghtucopfc)-i/:c Hiib., type rneaiatn Schiff.
(Verz. No. 3198).
111. Entephria ochribasis spec. nnv.
Forev'incf : white, tinged |in parts with blackish grey, olive-lirown, and
ochreous ; the markings black : central fascia with the inner edge at one-third,
vertical but strongly crenulate, being in tact angled outwards on the three veins
and on the folds ; the outer edge from costa below two-thirds to two-thirds of inner
margin, projecting prominently at veins 4 and 0, and incurved between, and inbent
also on subraedian fold ; a dark line following the inner edge and preceding tlie
- outer with a fainter line between, the bands between them filled up with olive-
brown, the central space with blackish grey and ochreous, containing the black
cell-spot ; band before fascia whitish with a black line ; basal area ochreous edged
liy a black line parallel to inner edge of fascia and crossed by a double black line ;
jiale band beyond central fascia white and ochreous divided by a black line ; sub-
marginal line pale, waved, preceded by three irregular black lines, coalescing below
and forming dark blotches at eosta, beyond cell, and above inner margin ; marginal
area j)eppered black and grey, the veins olive-brown ; pairs of black spots along
margin at ends of veins ; fringe whitish, tinged with ochreous. with a dark niidille
Hue and blackish checjnering beyond veins.
Ilindtrinfi : whitish, suffused with smoky grey, with iiale subniarginal and
postmedian waved lines between grey shades ; marginal spots as in forewing ;
fringe white with grey dividing line.
Underside of forewing with the dark markings showing through; a si|\uire
( 333 )
black apical blotch, traversed by a snbmarginal line of whitish spots : hindwing
grey-speckled, with traces of grey waved lines and a dark cell-spot.
Head, thorax, and abdomen a mixture of black, white, and ochreous scales,
the abdomen dorsally spotted witii ochreous and with an ochreons band behind
metathorax.
Expanse of wings : 36 mm.
1 ? from Tucuman, Argentina, May l'.)02 (Dinelli).
The distribution of the ochreous tints is variable ; in the right wing extending
along the costa throughout, and in the left stopping at the central fascia; the ends
of veins 2, 3, 4 are also ochreous in the riglit wing, but olive-brown in the left.
Lasiophaues gen. nov.
A development of Per/.-owrt, parallel with ('V;v/w/7*c«wf/, but, whereas the latter
has a bed of rough hair on the underside of the forewings, the present genus has
the whole of the upperside of the hindwings, except towards apex, covered with
rough hairs, developed towards anal angle into curved wisp.s. Palpi shortly
rostriform ; antennae simply lamellate.
Tvfie : Lriaiiipltanex rtifii^tirta spec. nov.
62. Lasiophanes rufisticta spec. nov.
Foreicinc/ : ashy grey : the lines blackish ; a short line close to base and two
very fine ones in the baud beyond ; inner edge of central fascia marked by a
black line from one-third of costa to one-fourth of inner margin, bent below costa,
this edge followed by a broad grey baud with outer wavy edge ; outer edge of central
fascia from two-thirds of costa, oblique outwards with a slight bend at 6 to vein 4,
then hardly oblique to anal angle : from costa to median this edge is preceded by
blackish suffusion and two jiarallel dark lines, and edged with white ; below the
median the whole fascia is grey, with a pale central space and some whitish in cell ;
submarginal line fine, waved, white, preceded above middle by blackish oblong
streaks between the veins ; the veins themselves, vein 6 broadly, bright buff ;
vein 4 also narrowly bnft' from its origin at angle of cell ; marginal area grey ; an
interrupted dark marginal line ; fringe grey mottled with darker.
lliudiriiig : wholly shaggy dark grey.
Underside dark grey except along costa and across apex, where the ground-
colour is pale ashy grey, and tlie commencement of all the lines dark : hindwing
pale grey with darker strongly cnrveil transverse lines, of which the postmedian
is marked with blackish points on veins.
Head, thorax, and abdomen grey ; the collar, shonlders, and jiatagia showing
paler.
Expanse of wings: 24 mm.
2 Sd from Huancabamba, Cerro de Pasco, Peru, (!400 ft. (Buttger).
The dark scales on the underside of forewing are rough and coarse over an
area corresponding to the roughened surface of the hindwing.
63. Ochyria amaura spec. nov.
Foreiriiig: pale ashy grey, with dark grey transverse lines and shades, all
blackish along costa ; basal patch sm;ill edged by a dark band ; central fascia
broad at costa, the edges waved and diirk, with three darker cross-lines, and the
( 334 ;
nsnal two jirojeoting teeth externally Inelnw middle ; snlimarginal lino waved, pale
grey ; tlie bands on each side of central fascia jiale grey, with a darker line along
middle; cell-sjiot blackish ; j)airs of marginal black spots at the vein ends ; fringe
grey, cheijuered with darker.
Uiiuhiing : pale grey, with dark cell-spot, and imlications of the cross-lines,
]dainest along inner margin : fringe cheqncrcil.
Underside with the markings darker and jdainer, especially on hindwing.
Head, thorax, and abdomen grey.
Expanse of wings : 26 mm.
\ i S from Qnito, Ecnador (\V. Goodfellow).
An inconspicuous insect : the antennae of the i are deeply snbserrate and
])nbescent.
04. Orthonama pudibimda spec. nov.
Foreii-'nig : pale stone-grey, dusted with brownish grey; crossed by nnmerous
pale brown fine lines all jiarallel to hindmargin ; the edges of the central fascia
formed by two broad brown lines, from one-third and two-thirds of inner margin,
the inner becoming all Ijnt obsolete in cell before the black cell-spot, in reality
curved inwards to costa, the outer running to costa at five-sixths, but indistinct
above vein 6 ; the inner is jireceded and the outer followed by a fine whitish line ;
this latter is followed by a pale band of ground-colour from apex, marked with dark
dashes on veins; also from the apex a grey shade rises, running to inner margin
before anal angle, in which a waved white submarginal line is visible; pairs of
black marginal spots at the vein-ends ; fringe stone-grey with a dark dividing line
and another at tips ; costa at base brown.
Himhcimj : paler, dusted with brownish only along inner margiu, where also
the outer brown line and a slight submarginal shade are visible ; cell-spot small.
Underside of forewing suffused with grey, dark grey to outer liue; hindwing
grey speckled ; all the lines and cell-spots marked ; both wings flushed with pink.
Head, thorax, and abdomen like wings, the face tinged with [link ; dorsal dark
bars on abdomen ; legs grey-speckled, externally fuscous.
Expanse of wings : 30 mm.
2 c?c? from Huancabamba, Cerro de Pasco, Peru, Mnn ft. (Bfittger).
In markings almost identical with the ne.xt species, but altogether differing in
colour.
65. Orthonama stramiuea spic. nov.
Foreic/M/ : straw-colour, crosse 1 olilicpiely by a series of very fine brown
rijipled lines parallel to hindmargin, and by two ei[nally oblicpie thick brown shades
at one-third and two-thirds, rejiresenting the edges of the median fascia; in the
basal area the fine lines are accompanied by some grey dusting and reach the costa,
in the median area they become obsolete, like the inner shade, at the cell ; the
outer brown shade reaches vein T and the lines of the marginal area run through
to the costa, the last but one being thickened and running into ajiex ; a minute
dark cell-spot; fringe concolorons, with a. dark dividing line, and some minute dots
in pairs along margin at end of veins.
Jlinthriiiq : whiter, with two fine submarginal lines ami a broad outer Hue
pale brown, reaching only from inner margin to cell.
( 335 )
Underside straw-colonr with ouly vestiges of lines ; costa of forewing browu
at base.
Head, thorax, and abdomen straw-colour, the last (lotted with dark on
dorsum.
Expanse of wings : 26 mm.
1 <S between La Paz and Sdvato, Bolivia, 26(JO m., Augnst 1900 (Simons).
66. Perizoma albirasa spec. nov.
Forewing: white; the bas;il and apical areas dnll lirown ; basal patch small,
edged by a pale vertical line, and the band following, with brown ; the inner edge
of the central fascia sinuously vertical browu, edged basewards by a black line,
the rest of the central fascia white, limited externally by a brown-black streak
running oblic|uely outwards from three-fifths of costa to vein 4, then incurved and
marked only by dark spots on veins, followed at costa by a fine white and a second
dark line ; marginal area brown, traversed by a whitish submarginal line, and
broadly interrupted to margin by the white ground-colour between veins 3 and 4 ;
an interrupted black marginal line in costal half of wing ; fringe white with dark
chequering.
Hind wing : pure white, with slight dark marginal line and traces of lines above
anal angle ; fringe white.
Underside white, in the forewing discoloured with grey find with the dark
markiug.s of the upperside partly showing through ; cell-spots black.
Head, thorax, and abdomen grey-brown, the dorsum blackish; collar and anal
segment whitish.
Expanse of wings : 22 mm.
1 ? from Santo Domingo, Carabaya, S.E. Peru, 61)00 ft., December 1901, wet
season (Ockenden).
67. Perizoma carnepicta spec. nov.
Foren-ing : flesh-colour, glossy ; tinged with grey towards hiudmargin ; basal
patch blackish, its edge from one-third of costa to one-half of inner margin, slightly
paler margined ; a black costal tooth at two-thirds, from which a dark line runs quite
shortly outwards to vein 6, where it bends inwards and becomes obsolete ; a very
faint pale submarginal line, preceded by a large black costal blotch and followed
by a smaller one, as in the following species ; fringe dark grey, with squarish dark
spots beyond veins in basal half ; a slight grey cell-spot.
Hindiciiig : whitish with slight flesh-coloured tinge, grey along hindmargin
with black spot at anal angle ; a grey cell-spot ; fringe as in forewing.
Underside shining dark cinereous; the black markings of upperside well
shown ; a black cell-spot ; costal area reddish : hiudwings speckled with grey in
basal half, with black cell-spot and pale curved outer line.
Head, thorax, and abdomen except anal segment black ; forelegs black.
Ex])anse of wings : 19 mm.
1 6 from Iluancabaml)a, t'crro de Pasco, Pern, (UtH) fr. (BJittger).
This species appears distinct from the succeeding one, P./allax, differing both
in coloration and markinjrs.
( 336 )
68. Perizoma fallax tsjiec. iiov.
Forewing : chalk-white, rather glossy ; in the outer half tinged with pale
grey and brownish ; basal patch jinrplish I'nscons, crossed by three deeper lines,
the outer edge oblii[ue and irregular from oue-third of costa to two-fifths of inner
margin ; a dark blutch at middle of costa, sometimes double, from which a double
line runs obliiiuely outwards to vein H, where it is bluntly bent iiml turns obliijuely
inwiirds, lunulate-dentate, but often very obscure and marked witli diirk dots on
the veins ; the inner of the two arms runs to a small dark blotch at middle of
inner margin (which, in one case, is confluent witli basal blutch) ; the outer to
another blotch before anal angle; a whitish waved snbmarginal line, most distinct
on costa, where it is preceded by a large black blotch reaching to vein (i, and
followed by a smaller one to apex ; between veins 2 and 3 a bluish grey longitudinal
blotch reaches from middle line to hindmargin ; a black cell-mark within the curve
of the double line : marginal line interru]ited ; fringe white with rather large dark
spots in the basal half beyond the veins.
Hituhi'infi : dull white, clouded with grey along hindmargin, and with a small
black blotch at anal angle ; a grey cell-spot and traces of outer lines.
Underside of forewing dark grey, shining; ])aler beyond middle of costa. with
black cell-spot ; of hindwing white with basal half speckled with grey ; a black
cell-spot, and dotted curved outer line.
Head, thorax, and aVidomeu blackish; anal segment of abdomen whitish;
abdomen below legs whitish.
Expanse of wings : 18 mm.
2 S S from Huancabamba, Cerro de Pasco, Peru, 64ii0 ft. (Bcittger).
Evidently allied to F. basiplaya {Fsaliodes) Schaus from Mexico.
In a J and ? from Santo Domingo, L'arabaya, S.E. Peru, which are probably
referable to this species, the dark middle cloud is much less developed.
6U. Perizoma ochritiucta spec. uov.
Forewing : dull grey with the markings darker, but very indistinct ; basal
area small, limited and crossed by grey lines ; paler band before central fascia
broad, also traversed by grey lines ; inner edge of central fascia from une-third of
costa to two-fifths of inner margin ; outer from quite two-thirds of costa to three-
fourths of inner margin, projecting at veins 6 and 4, and Strongly dentate-luuulate
throughout, the fascia crossed by darker lines ; area beyond it with the usnal lines
all very obscure; the cell and space beyond and the submedian interval are slightly
tinged with ochreons-yellow scales, a spot at end of cell being noticeable. Fringe
(worn) grey.
IFuuhcimj : dull pale grey, without any distinct markings.
Underside dull cinereous.
Head, thorax, and abdomen all dark grey, the abdomen with paler rings.
Exjianse of wings : 'Z'i mm.
1 $ from Huatuxco, Vera Cruz.
The antennae are thick, lamellate and faintly pubescent.
A very dull and obscure-looking species, but ajiparently distinct; it bears some
resemblance to dark specimens of F. mmcosata \Varr., which is probably the ? of
F.Jasciolata, from Argentina, but the forewing is longer and narrower.
( 337 )
TO. Plerocymia? rliombifascia spec. nov.
Forewing : olive-fuscoas ; the basal patch, central fascia, a large triangular
costal blotch before apex, and an interrupted snbmarginal baud, all of this colour;
edge of basal patch vertical, with a faint bend outwards in middle; central fascia
with inner edge oblique from two-hi'ths of costa to beyond middle of inner margin,
concave outwards between tlie median iind the subcostal and submediati ; the outer
edge oblique outwards from lieyond middle of costa to vein 5, there bent at right
angles and oblique to inner margin where it joins the inner edge ; space between
basal patch and central fascia bmad, its centre filled up with greyish olive-fuscous,
edged on each side by a double ]iale line, of which one arm is white and the other
flesh-colonr ; the outer edge of the fascia is followed by a similar double line, the
outer flesh-coloured area of which is doubled below the bend ; on both edges these
white lines form sharp teeth ou the veins ; from the apex a broad greyish tlesh-
coloured streak with whitish lunulate-dentate edges curves to margin below vein 4,
touching the edge of the central fascia at the bend ; marginal black curves between
veins, separated by ochreous spots at the vein ends and edged inwardly with
ochreous from apex to middle ; below the middle there are pale triangular marks
at the ends of the veins; fringe fuscous.
lliiulwiiuj: grey, with traces of jiale sinuous postmedian and submargiiiul
lines ; cell-spot dark : a row of ochreous spots at the vein ends ; fringe grey.
Underside olive-fuscous, freckh'd with pale, with all the pale cross-markings
obscurely shown.
Head, thorax, and abdomen olive-fuscous, the head parts, especially vertex
and palpi, blackish, the abdomen paler, more cinereous ; collar ochreous.
Expanse of wings : 46 mm.
1 ? from Limbani, Carabaya, S.E. Peru, O.jOU ft., April 1004, dry season
(Ockenden).
In the absence of the S the position of the species is doubtful ; the hiadwiugs
are strongly but bluntly produced at vein 7.
71. Psaliodes marmorata spec. nov.
Foreicing: pale olive; the lines velvety black, edged with white crescents;
first line at one-sixth, angled outwards ou median vein and again on submedian,
edged outwardly with white, inwardly diffused into dark olive ; inner edge of
central fascia at two-fifths, strongly curved outwards above median, les.s strongly
below, tbe lower half nearer base than the upper, edged inwardly with white and
outwardly diffuse ; outer edge from two-thirds of costa, obliquely biconcave out-
wards, angled on vein 6, and acutely on 4 near hindmargin, theu strongly incurved
to three-fourths of inner margin, outwardly limited by white crescents with a black
edge and inwardly diffused; the centre nf basal patch, of baud before fascia, and of
fascia itself Ijleached ; cell-spot angular, lilack in the white space ; snbmarginal
line whitish, broken up ; costa dotted minutely with black ; a slight reddish tinge
along base of subcostal vein ; fringe pale ulive, vividly mottled with black
beyond veins.
llindwinij: jiiukish ochreous, with the dark markings uf underside showing
through.
Underside cream-colour, tinged with pink and ochreons ; forewing with cell and
a streak below it dull brick-red ; costal streak ochreous, blotched and striated with
( 338 )
olive-black ; the outer line to luidille and the submaigiuul blackisli olive edged
with white; the other markings only showing through ; cell-spot black in a pale
space : hindwing with dark olive antemediau, thick dentate jiostmediau, and diffnse
submarginal lines, all edged outwardly with white; tiie margin jiinkish ochreuiis;
a large dark olive cell-spot ; fringe yellow, mottled with black, and with a fine
black line at base.
Head, thorax, and iilidomeu olive-ochreous ; base of abdomen whitish, the
remaining segments on dorsum dark olive ; the anal tufts ochrcuus; legs and palpi
ochreous, externally olive.
Exjianse of wiijgs : 'J>> mm.
1 ? from Limbani, Carabaya, S.E. Peru, !i5iin ft., April I9(i4, dry season
(Ockeuden).
72. Pterocypha simpliciata sjiec. nov.
FoiYicing : grey, with a slight ruious and olive tinge in j)laces ; basal patch
and central fascia dark olive-fuscous ; basal patch small, its edge vertical ; inner
edge of fascia also nearly vertical, slightly curved only at costa, at one-third ; outer
edge oblique outwards and forming a shar]i projection on vein 4, then incurved and
vertical to two-thirds of inner margin ; the limiting bands composed of three
lilackish curved lines, the middle of the fascia on costa forming a sijuare grey
blotch ; cell-spot black, hidden iu the dark sulfnsion ; traces of a pale snlmiarginal
line preceded by a dark cloudy shade, with lines marked Ijy dark dashes on veins ;
a dark lunulate marginal line ; fringe grey, mottled with black.
Hinilwiny : rufous-fuscous, the hindmargin darker, preceded by a paler band
beyond the angled dark outer line, which is preceded by three other lines and a
cell-spot ; the whole basal area darker.
Underside cream-colour, with black cell-spots and an nuter angled baud of
three dark lines ; forewing with broad black marginal band to vein 2, complete to
vein 4, then interrupted, the apex jiarrowly pale ; hindwing with the band sub-
marginal and slighter; a black spot on costa of forewing at one-third.
Face and j)alpi black, the face with centre grey ; thorax and alidomen oclireous-
grey, the dorsum grey-tinged and with two interrujited darker lines ; underneath
cream-colour.
Expanse of wings : 34 mm.
1 <J from Suncha Corral, Santiago del Estero, Argentina (Steinbach).
The rough curled hairs of forewing are restricted to the ujiper half of cell alorg
subcostal vein.
"3. Spargania nigrifasciata spec. nov.
Forewing: olive-green iu basal third, the central fascia blackish green,
marginal third white; the basal jiatch crossed by three curved and waved dark
lines; central fascia with inner edge vertical and irregularly waved, the outer
sharply projecting above vein 6 and below vein 4, and more bluntly below vein 3 :
J.. J ^ — j^ww.«j_, «vv^,v. TX..U ^ t^ij^i wtiv*» vcm 1, iiuu Luuic uiuuti^v ueiuw vein o ;
apical area above vein 4 olive-green, crossed by darker shades and a waved pale
submarginal line ; a few dark clouds towards anal angle ; cell-.spot black.
llindidiKj : white, slightly greyish towards base, and with an obscure cell-spot
fringe white.
Underside of Ibrewing to outer edge of fascia greenish grey, the aj.ical area the
( 339 )
name; the rest white; hindwiiig white speckled wifh grey as far as a bisiunate
outer line, with traces of a grey siibiuargiual Hue.
Head, th(jrax, and abdomen below olive-green ; abdomen above blackish.
Expanse of wings : 32 mm.
1 ? from Santo Uomingo, ("arabaya, S.E. Pern, (JoOO ft., January 10O2, dry
season (Uckenden).
Subfamily TEPHROCLYSTIINAE.
74. Eucymatoge versiplaga spec. nov.
Fore>cing : chalk-white, the markings black ; basal patch quite small, edged
by a vertical black line ; the broad band following with the centre pale grey ; inner
edge of central fascia slightly curved, from one-fourth of costa to one-third of inner
margin, black, starting from a black costal spot and swelling out into a dark grey
triangular blotch above and below the median vein ; cell-spot black, distinct ; outer
edge of fascia from a black costal spot just beyond middle, obliijue outwards and
bent on vein 6, then lunulate-dentate inwards to three-fourths of inner margin,
blotched at vein 6 and on snbmedian fold ; submarginal line pale, obscure,
preceded by blackish blotches at costa, beyond cell, and above anal angle ; the
marginal area pale grey, darker beyond cell ; between veins 'Z and 4 all the outer
dark markings are obliterated by the white ground-colour ; marginal line black,
interrupted at the veins; fringe white, with black chequerings beyond veins.
Hindwuig : dull grey, with traces of darker cross-lines ; fringe as in forewing.
Underside of both wings dark grey or blackish ; the central area of forewing
paler, with a black costal spot and traces of lines ; hindwing with five or six dark
grey waved lines and a black cell-spot on a whitish ground.
Head and abdomen whitish ; thorax and basal and anal segments of abdomen
black ; legs whitish ; forelegs blackish in front.
Expanse of wings : L'2 mm.
1 ? from Santo Domingo, Carabaya, S.E. Peru, O.j(i0 ft., December 1902, wet
season (Ockenden).
T5. Tephroclystia albiceps spec nov.
Forewing : white, with a faint greenish tinge, speckled with black ; the basal
third and an apical patch tilled up with blackish fuscous ; inner edge of central
fascia at one-third, nearly vertical, formed by a band of two lines, the interspace
filled in with dark, starting from a triangular costal blotch, and bent inwards
towards inner margin ; the pale band preceding with its central thread is only
plain at custa, the rest being obscured by the dark suffusion which covers the basal
area; outer edge of central fascia from three-fifths ol' costa waved obliquely
outwards, bluntly bent on vein 6 and again below 4, then oblique inwards, preceded
by a black line on costa, which is broken up below ; cell-spot obscurely blackish ;
submarginal line very fine, dentate, only distinct through the dark apical area, and
iit anal angle preceded by a small blackish blotch ; marginal line black, interrupted
at the veins ; fringe whitish, with thick blackish mottling ; from the upper angle
of the central fascia a red-brown streak runs towards apex, and tiie basal area is
irregularly tinged with reddish.
IIiti(hcii>(j : blackish, with traces of indistinct lines marked on veins by bhick
dashes ; a dark cell-siwt ; marginal line and fringe as in Ibrewing.
2o
( 340 )
tJiidenside smoky blackish, with indistinct tniccs of the lines; the jiiile bands
marked on costa by white dashes.
Paljii, thorax, and abdomen black ; lace, vertex, collar, shoulders, base of
patagia, and prothorax bright cream-colour ; legs lilack, with the joints whitish.
Expanse of wings : 18 mm.
1 (S from Santo Domingo, Carabaya, S.E. Pern, 6500 ft., October I'.nr,', dry
season (Ockenden).
The contrast between the black palpi and white head will dibtingnish the
species at once.
76. Tephroclystia fumifascia spec.
nov.
Foreiciny : dull in'ownish flesh-colour, slightly speckled, and with traces of
obli(iue cross-lines, bent or angled in cell and beyond ; a smoky blackish blotch at
base and another at apex ; a smaller dark blotch at anal angle ; basal blotch small,
edged by a vertical black line ; inner edge of central fascia from one-fourth of costa
to about one-fifth of inner margin ; both obscured by the dark cloud ; outer edge of
foscia from two-thirds of costa to two-thirds of inner margin, bent beyond cell and
edged inwardly with blackish in upper half and again on inner margin ; subraarginal
line fine, between darker shades ; a dark marginal line ; fringe brown.
Hindwing : with a dark line near base on inner margin ; a dark cell-sjjot ; the
outer edge of central fascia marked l>y a thick brown baud across wing ; the rest as
in forewing, but without the blackish clouds.
Underside paler, more ochreous, with dark cell-spots and lines.
Head, ])alpi, shoulders, base of patagia, and abdomen flesh-colour; thorax, tips
of jiatagia, metathorax, and two basal segments of abdomen, a ring on fifth segment
and the anal segment blackish ; tips of palpi darker.
Expanse of wings : 18 mm.
2 ? ? from Santo Domingo, Carabaya, S.E. Pern, 6500 ft., October, dry season,
and November, wet season 19o2 (Ockenden).
Neither specimen is really fresh.
7T. Tephroclystia latitans sjiec. nov.
Forewing: pale greenish grey, powdered with olive scales; the shadings olive;
basal patch small, edged by a fine deep black line ; central fascia occupying middle
third of costa, with both edges uniformly curved parallel to margin, formed of thick
confluent olive bands, leaving a slightly jialer central space containing a dark cell-
spot ; submarginal line pale between darker olive shades; a dark marginal line
interrupted at the veijis ; fringe grey, mottled with olive.
Hindwing : similar, but all the markings less definite.
Underside whitish, with the bands and markings olive.
Head, thorax, and abdomen gr(^y, varied with olive ; basal segment of abdomen
with a black ring; patagia with long idack-tipped sj>atulate scales.
Expanse of wings : 18 mm.
1 ? li-om Santo Domingo, Carabaya, S.E. Peru, 6500 ft., October l'J02, dry
season (Ockenden).
The paler grey interspaces have a slight bluish tint.
( :541 )
.Subfamily EUCESTIINAE.
78. Ameria latiorata spec. nov.
Differs from ^l. incaria Wlk. in having the apex of forewing broadly and the
hiudiuargin narrowly black, as well as the fringes ; also the hindmargin of hindwing
is narrowly black. In invaria Wlk. only the marginal line and fringe is black.
E.xjianse of wings : 24 mm.
1 S from Puruio, Xdvember Is'.id (Dr. Burger).
T9. Cophocerotis casta spec. nov.
Forewing : (.-ream-white ; costa above subcostal vein pale olive-brown ; fringe
concolorous.
Himbdng : cream-white.
Underside of forewing white, with the costa broadly olive-ochreous tinged with
grey, the apex more broadly ; a dark cell-spot ; fringe pale, darker above middle :
hiudwiug smeared all over with olive-ochreous, with pale longitudinal lines between
the veins ; a brown cell-spot and traces of brown postmedian and snbmargiual lines
marked especially between the veins ; some brown scales along hindmargin.
Head, thorax, abdomen beneath, and legs olive-ochreous; abdomen above
whitish ; antennae whitish.
Expanse of wings : 39 mm.
1 ? from Huancabamba, Cerro de Pasco, Peru, 6000 to 10,000 ft. (Bottger).
80. Eudule annuligera spec. nov.
Forewing : greenish brown, thinly scaled ; some short red streaks from base ;
three red ringlets below costa, a large one just beyond middle, and a smaller one on
each side ; some red stains along inner margin, and a small ringlet on hindmargin
between veins 2 and 3 ; fringe concolorous.
Hindwing : red, the apex narrowly, and the fringe black.
Underside similar, but with red spots instead of ringlets.
Face black al)Ove, white below ; vertex, thorax, and abdomen like wings ;
middle segments uf dorsum varied with red scales ; pectus white ; abdomen beneath
ringed with white ; legs black and white.
Expanse of wings : 22 mm.
1 6 from Upjier River Toro, La Merced, August, September I'JUl (Simons).
Near leopardiiia Druce and arrtiata Warr.
81. Eudule dioptoides spec. nov.
Forewing : hyaline, with a bluish reflection ; costal, inner, and hindmargins
black, in(ire broadly across ajiex ; the veins black ; a broad black bar across wing
from middle of costal to the hindmargin between veins 2 and 3, both borders being
thickened ; a small orange spot below median veiu at base of wing.
Jlindwing : with costal and hindmargins black.
Underside like upper ; costa of forewing at base, the basal spot of forewing
and the base of hindwing dull orange.
Head, thorax, and alidumen blackish ; pectns, palpi beneatli, sides of face, and
the inside of the legs whitish; underside of abdomen with an orange stripe.
( 3^2 )
Expanse of wings : '62 mm.
1 J from San Jose, Costa Kica (Uudei'wood).
The species is anomalous ; superficially it mimics JJiojjtis ; Imt the antennae
are simply puliescent, and the neuration is that of Entlnh'; though the radial of
the hindwiug is very fine and scarcely more than a fold.
82. Eudule flavinota ah. nigrata nov.
Along with a ? of E.Jlacinota, agreeing exactly with the i descrihed by me
in Xov. Zool. xi. p. 81, there has come a cj difiering so much that it may very
likely prove a distinct species. The ground-colour is deei)er black ; the band from
the middle of costa, instead of being orange, is pale lemon-yellow and twice as
large ; of the orange line following and the orange streaks along the veins there is
no trace ; with care a dark fulvous spot or two can be seen near base on the median
vein, and a similar spot on the shoulders. The underside like upjier, without trace
of orange markings.
The examples are both from Liiubani, Carabaya, .S.E. Peru, OuUO ft.,
February and March 1904 (Ockenden).
83. Eudule plurinotata spec. nov.
Forewing : reddish orange ; the apical third black, the edge running from
three-fifths of costa to hindmargin at vein 2, containing an elongated oval white
blotch ; costa with two black spots, becoming yellowish before the apical third.
Hiiulwhiq : with a blotch at apex and smaller one at end of vein '6 black.
Underside like upper, but paler.
Palpi white, with black tips ; face white, with a black spot above ; vertex and
collar black ; thorax and abdomen orange ; abdomen beneath and legs pale orange.
Expanse of wings : 27 mm.
1 cJ from R. C'oriahuira, Bolivia, 900 m., October 1900, dry season (Simons).
84. Eudule rufithorax spec. nov.
Foretcing ■■ orange-red in basal two-thirds, the curved edge running from just
beyond middle of costa to inner margin close before anal angle ; the marginal area
dull black, containing an oval whitish hyaline space extending from vein 7 to 3,
crossed by veins 4 and 6, thickly marked in black ; the apical area has a blackish
inner edge running from costa through the dark cell-spot and along vein 3, which
is thickened ; veins 1 and 2 are also equally thick and black, with the intervals
above them white, but without any inner dark edge ; from the toj) of the cell-mark
a short black streak runs to costa parallel to outer margin, enclosing a small white
streak above the cell-mark ; fringe blackish.
llhuhcing: orange-red, with the apex and a marginal spot between veins 2 and 3
dull black.
Underside similar, the white markings more restricted.
Face and jialpi below white ; vertex and palpi above black ; collar white ;
thorax and abdomen orange-red, like wings ; a grey stripe on dorsum broadening
towards anal segments ; abdomen laterally and bcucath and legs reddish.
Expanse of wings : "j:! nini.
1 i from Canauche, Cundinamarca, Colombia, July 1903 (de Mathan).
Closely allied to E. bijjennis Wlk., but smaller, the whole thorax red.
( 343 )
85. Lissopsis margarita spec. nov.
Forewing : glossy pearl-grey, the apex pale bronz3-brown, traversed by an
oblique white streak from apex, below the end of which is a pale brown wisp ;
fringe brownish, white at anal angle.
Hiiulwing : the same, with the markings of underside showing tli rough ;
fringe white, with the tips brownish.
Underside of forewing tinged with fuscous, the brown markings darker ;
hindwing bronze-brown with pearly-white markings ; a streak along costa narrowing
beyond middle, where it emits a long outward tooth, and continuing narrow to
apex ; abroad streak from middle of base through cell to below apex emilting a
curved tooth to anal angle ; lastly, a streak below submedian fold from base to
anal angle ; fringe white, tipped with brown ; fringe of inner margin brown.
Head, thorax, and abdomen pearl-grey mixed with pale olive-brown.
Expanse of wings : 36 mm.
1 i from (Jhallabamba, Pancartambo, Pern, 300u m., January 19ul (Garlepp).
80. Marmopteryx griseata spec. nov. and ab. subrufata nov.
Forewing : dull olive-grey, crossed by six dark olive-grey curved and crcnnlated
bands all edged with whitish grey ; three of these bands are antemedian, separated
by a slightly wider interval from the three postmedian ; all are angled on the
subcostal, and the outer three ontcnrved above; a seventh band is apparent just
before apex, below which it disappears ; the whole surface of the wing, especially
towards costa, is dusted with pale scales ; fringe paler grey, with dark mottlings.
Hindwing : paler, with traces of median and two outer curved bands, slightly
darker, lunulate- dentate.
Underside the same, but the bands confined to the costal half of forewing,
which alone is dusted with pale scales ; hindwing with the whole surface thickly
dusted with pale scales, and the bands entire.
Palpi, vertex, and thorax dark grey, dusted with pale; abdomen grey, with
pale segmental rings ; face ferruginous.
Expanse of wings : 44 mm.
1 (? between Sorato and Mapiri, Bolivia, lOOU m., August 1900, dry season
(Simons).
ab. subrufata nov.
Like the type form, but with the costa of forewing broadly both above and
below, and the whole of the liindwing beneath brick-red ; the position of the cross-
bands differs ; the three antemedian are placed closer together near base, while
the first and second of the postmedian series are more widely separated, and the
seventh line can be traced across the wing, which also has dark marginal dashes at
the end of tlie veins. The hindwing is paler, with the markings clearer. On the
underside the whole of the forewing, except tlie red costal area, is blurred grey,
without any pale dusting, while the bands nf (lie hindwing and tlie basal speckling
are dark olive-fuscous and very distinct. Thi' pwlpi, shoulders, and ]iatagia are
all varied with red scales ; the red face has a dark lino down the midtllc,
2 6 S taken along with the tvne form.
( 344 )
Srp.FAMii.Y HETEKU81INAE.
Anemplocia ,sreu. nov.
Foreiving : elongate triiingnlar ; costa nearly straight ; apex blunt ; liinil-
margin oliliqnely cnrved, long; anal angle rounded off.
lliiulwintj : long and narrow ; inner margin short ; apex rounded.
Antennae thick, rough-scaled, subserrate, pubescent ; palpi porrect, reaching
a little in front of face ; tongue well developed ; freiiiihim absent.
Nenration : forewing, cell shorter than half of wing; discocellular vertical in
upper third, then oblique, the lower three times as long as the upper arm ; first
median nervule at about two-thirds, second shortly before third ; lower radial from
angle of discocellular ; 6, 11, 7, 10, 8, 9 all stalked, 11 anastomosing shortly with
12: hindwing, costal and snbcostal anastomosing to near upper end of cell;
0, 7 stalked ; discocellular biangnlate, the radial from the lower angle.
Type : Anemplocia Jiammif era spec. nov.
Emplocia primtdiiia Butler k Druce, E. fnhugidaria, Feld., and TT. jiotcntia
Drnce, all i)robably belong here.
87. Auemplocia flammifera spec. nov.
Forewing : deej) yellow, with the costa broadly, the apex and hindmargin
very broadly black ; fringe black.
Hindwing: the same, but the black border of liindmargiu is not wider than
that of the costa, which for two-thirds from base is yellow ; the triangular patch of
yellow ground-colour nearly reaches hindmargin below apex.
Underside like upper.
Head, antennae, thorax, and abdomen all black : nbdompu at sides with
obscure j)ale patches ; legs and abdomen beneath black.
Expanse of wings : 4<i mm.
1 (J from Colombia.
88. Erateina albiradiata spec. nov.
Forewing: brown-black, with two postmedian contiguous hyaline white spots, as
in E. suhjnnrtaria AVlk. {=_/iuminatii Snell. = mrdia Drnce), and in addition two
white streaks from the base, one above median vein filling nearly the basal half
of cell, the other along inner margin beneath the submedian vein almost reaching
anal angle ; some little way before the apex below the subcostal vein is a small
white outwardly curved mark ; fringe worn.
Hindwing : with the white central area ninch as in Mh/iinctaria, limited by a
narrow black border on abdominal margin.
Underside of forewing blue-black, dusted with whitish in basal half and as
far as anal angle along inner margin ; ajiical region grej'-brown ; all the white
spaces larger ; the upjier median spot and that before apex both extended to costal
margin : hindwing with a deej) blue-black blotch along basal half of costa, sprinkled
with ])ale blue scales ; a similar submarginal blotch, bnt browner, above anal
angle; a grey-brown marginal border from before apex to anal angle, the inner
edge of which is traversed by a wavy white line starting bmadly from costn.
( 345 )
Head, thorax, and abdomen fuseons ; cheeks and apparent!}' the patao:ia and
segmental rings of abdomen white ; abdomen beneath and pectus bine-black.
Expanse of wings : 30 mm.
1 S from Yungas de la Paz, Bolivia, September 1800 (Garlepp).
80. Erateina hyaloplaga spec. nov.
Foi'eiring : velvety brown-black, the fringe concolorous ; a large Iiyalinn wliite
loaf-shaped blotch between veins 2 and 4, crossed by vein 3, the lower part tlie
larger ; from its inner side a dark band can be detected to costa before middle ;
a broad bluish white space along inner margin from near base to before anal
angle.
Ilinihcing : dnll olive-fnscons, with an indistinct grey submarginal band
curved like hindmargin, the veins sliglitly paler, with wedge-shaped patches of
dark between them ; fringe checkered light and dark grey ; a dark ridge across
middle of wing above edge of lobe.
Underside of forewing dull vinons red ; inner margin broadly shining wliite ;
the white hyaline spot surrounded with blackish, and connected with costa by a
curved white band ; apical and hindmarginal areas dnll grey-brown ; veins from
base narrowly white : bindwing red, with a submarginal white baud, and the
veins radiating broadly white, with wedge-shaped red spaces between them ;
marginal line black ; fringe white, broadly chequered with black beyond veins ;
lobe of inner margin white, with a narrow red submarginal and broad black and
red central line.
Palpi black above, white below ; face black with white cheeks ; shoulders and
]iatagia black, tipped with white ; thorax with a white central line ; abdomen
fuscous, with narrow white segmental rings, broader beneath; the legs bluish white.
Expanse of wings : 36 mm.
1 <i from Cuzco, Peru, April 1001 (Garlep])).
Forewing very broad, with sinuons costa ; hindwing narrow, with rounded
hindmargin.
Oo. Heterusia coecata spec. nov.
Like II. Jkivocellata Warr., but, instead of the semicircular patch above inner
margin, the basal half of the wing is dull black, with the veins pale; the yellow
spot before apex larger. In the hindwing the black border narrows off to a point
at middle of costa.
Underside of forewing with the cell white and the space below it whitish to
inner margin ; the yellow spot still larger.
Expanse of wings : 26 mm.
1 cJ from Cuzco, Peru, Ajiril lOO] (Garlepp).
Subfamily OURAPTERYGINAE.
91. Phrygionis cruorata spec. nov.
I'oreuing : dark dove-grey ; crossed by the usual two outwardly oblique
bands ; of these the basal is dull yellow and waved, edged by metallic silvery
drops, on the inner side from costa to inner margin, on the outer from costa to
just below subcostal vein only ; the outer band from before middle of costa
(346 )
to three-fonrtlis of inner margin is a raixtnro of yellowish and blackish scales,
edged ontwardl}' by a darker line and then a bluish white line ; its inner edge
is lined tlironglioiit with metallic silvery, its outer oidy to subcostal vein ; this
vein is yellowish between the two lines ; fringe whitish yellow, grey only at
extreme apex ; at the base of wing are a few yellow and metallic scales.
Ilhuhr'nig : with the outer line of forewing continued across it to anal angle,
being roundly curved below the middle ; the outer pale line here liecnmes lustrous
in its lower course : tlie space between the inner metallic line and the outer
lustrous one is traversed by a central black line, the space before it being clear
pale yellow, and that beyond it mixed, as in forewing, with blackish ; two metallic
silvery spots before the angle, the lower and smaller one edged inwardly with
black, the larger upper one with deep red ; a broad i)atch of the same red runs
along margin from apex to vein 6, and thence narrowly round the tail ; fringe
whitish yellow from apex to angle, grey below the angle.
Underside dark grey, with the outer pale line showing slightly in both wings.
Head, thorax, and abdomen grey like wings.
Expanse of wings : S, 44 mm. ; ? , 40 — 44 mm.
1 <J, 2 ? ?,from Dominica, West Indies, November 1903 and January 1904
(Agar).
The hindmargin of hindwing is strongly angled at middle, especially in
the $.
Si'BFAMiLV PALYADINAE.
92. Argyrotome muricolor spec. nov.
Foreiriny : mouse-grey, the scales forming fine dark transverse lines on a
pnler ground; basal two-thirds spangled with coarse dull leaden scales; a large
riMiiid ocellus on discocellular, the pupil black, almost hidden by a central boss
of raised leaden scales, surrounded by first a dull olive-yellow and that with a
dark ring ; a broad curved olive-brown shade from two-thirds of costa to anal
angle, traversed along middle by a line of contiguous leaden bossy spots between
the veins ; fringe concolorous.
Hindwing : without discal ocellus, the basal two-thirds sprinkled with coarse
metallic scales ; a leaden metallic line from before apex to anal angle, and another
along hindmargin ; the marginal sj)ace tinged with olive-brown and marked by
three bosses of leaden scales, one on each side of vein 3, the upper the larger,
and a small one between 0 and 7 ; fringe grey.
Underside pale blue-grey, with a broad brownish submarginal fascia on both
. wings.
Face and jialpi dark, the face with a strong steely lustre ; thorax and abdomen
grey.
Expanse of wings : 26 mm.
1 J from L'hanchamayo, Peru, October 1901 (Garle]ip).
93. Berberodes penumbrata spec. nov.
Fofcwini/ : white with three lines of gilded yellow spots, as in canchylalu
Guen. ; the costa yellow, speckled with purplish bronzy at base, and with three
bronzy spots at beginning of the lines ; a brown marginal border from below
apex to anal angle, interrupted by the white ground-colour between veins
3 and 4 ; a row of dark brown diamond-shaped marginal spots between the
( 347 )
veins, preceded in the brown marginal shade by white dashes ; marginal line
finely white ; fringe grey-brown.
Hinclwinq: with the dark marginal spots, but no brown shade; some yellow
striae in the snbmarginal area ; fringe white.
Underside pure white, with a dark fnscons marginal border, starting broadly
at costa, and narrowing to a point at anal angle, interrnpted between 3 and 4
by a white sinns ; fringe grey ; hindwing with dark marginal spots, forming a
sliglit blotch at apex.
Head, palpi, antennae, and collar brown ; thorax and abdomen white ; legs
white ; forelegs brown in front.
Expanse of wings : 30 mm.
1 ? from Santo Domingo, Carabaya, S.E. Porn, fioiiO ft., .Tannary lfHi3, rainy
season (Ockenden).
Distingnished by the different marginal border.
94. Ophthalmophora hybridata spec. uov.
Ffli-ewinq : pale lirownish grey, crossed by two pale yellow bands as in
Pfirj/gionis, but without any metallic edging, the first narrow, with the outer
half ochreons, the second broad with the inner half ochreous ; a narrow yellow
marginal streak from vein 4 to I ; the fringe pale below middle, grey above.
Hiruhviiiq : with an ochreous slightly curved streak from three-fifths of costa
towards anal angle, the area beyond it and round anal angle fulvous orange, the
extreme margin yellower, edged with orange, and with a dark spot in the projection
at vein 4 ; from the anal angle a metallic line starts, edging the yellow marginal
area ou the inside, curving round beneath costa and descending to join its own
course above vein 3 ; the centre of the oval space thus formed is greyish, and
contains a round embossed metallic sjiot on a black ground ringed with yellow :
a spot of black and metallic scales stands on the metallic line above vein 4 ;
fringe fulvous.
Underside of forewing grey, quite pale at base, blackish towards hindmargin,
with a pale cream-coloured band from beyond middle of costa, broadening to inner
margin : hindwing cream-coloured in l)asal half, fnlvons be^yond, with a curved
black streak from below apex to middle.
Head, thorax, and abdomen above and below pale grey.
Expanse of wings : 38 mm.
1 i from Ynngas de la Paz, Bolivia, lOOii m., December 1899 (Garlepp).
The superficial resemblance which this insect bears to rhriiijioHia in the
forewings is remarkable ; and, as in most species of that genus, the hindwing is
bluntly elbowed at middle.
95. Opisthoxia fulvata spec. nov.
Foiewiiu) : creamy grey towards base, [lale fulvous in outer half : the markings
as in nitidisquama Warr., but much jtaler; the costa and basal half of wing
sprinkled with silver scales, the outer half with black scales ; the outer and
snbmarginal bands as in iiit id i squama, but very obscure, only i)ale lustrous ; the
two embossed spots at apex alone couspicnous ; fringe buff.
llinilwing : nearly wholly fulvous except at extreme base ; the outer baud
only pale lustrous ; fringe whitish.
( 348 )
Underside nniform pale creamy erey, tinsroil witli fiilvons towards niarsiii.
Vertex, thorax, and abdomen pale creamy Lcrey ; face and ]ial|ii jialc fulvons.
Expanse of wings : 20 mm.
1 ? from Cindad Bolivar, Venezuela, July 180.s (S. Klages).
Distinguished from nit/dixi/iiama Warr. by the diti'erent gronnd-colonr.
90. Opisthoxia scintillans spec. nov.
Forewiiig: pale greyish cream-colonr, with a faint lirown tinge in places, and
beyond the middle thickly sprinkled with olive scales ; costa marked with some
coarse metallic scales towards base, the edge pale brown ; a pale brown difTnse
shade from inner margin just beyond middle, vertical in direction, but not reaching
costa, accompanied by some coarse brilliant metallic scales ; a subiuarginal
brownish shade from apex to anal angle, accompanied by similar bright metallic
scales in a sinuons series, forming slight blotches between the veins ; fringe very
pale brownish.
Ilimlwing : rather browner, especially towards liindmargin ; the inner-marginal
half with coarse metallic scales; a submarginal sinnons metallic line, as in fore-
wings ; close to the margin between veins 4 and 0 an oval black spot ringed with
yellow, the entire lower half of which is overlaid with a boss of brilliant metallic
scales, the whole placed in a round sj)aceof brownish yellow; fringe whitish;
inner margin and costal area whitish.
Underside dull yellowish cream-colonr, with a smoky greyish marginal cloud
on each wing.
Face and palpi pale brownish ; vertex, thorax, and abdomen like wings.
Expanse of wings : 35 mm.
1 6 from Chanchamayo, Peru, October I'Jiil (Garlepp).
The forewings are rather rubbed towards base, but they apjiear to have been
spriid<led with shining scales, like the inner area of hindwing.
The species differs, alike in coloration and character of markings, from others
of the genus.
Subfamily DEILINIINAE.
07. Lomographa iuaequata spec. nov.
Like Lo7nogr(iplia chartularia Dogn. (Syllexis), but whereas in that species
the lines of the forewing are straight and at equal distances from one another,
starting from costal spots at about one-fourth, one-half, and three-fourths
respectively, in imteqwit<i the first line starts from one-third of costa and rnus
to middle of inner margin straight; the second from nearly two-thirds of costa
to three-fourths of inner margin sinuous ; the third from five-sixths of costa
nearly straight to anal angle ; in the hindwing the two lines are curved much
as in rlidrtiilariii, but the liindmargin and esptcially the anal angle are tinged
with fulvons.
Expanse of wings : 34 mm.
1 cf from Santo Domingo, C'arabaya, S.E. Peru, GOOn ft., November I'.tii],
wet season (Ockenden).
( 349 )
08. Lomographa venata sppc. nov.
Forewiny : silky wliite, without speckling; costal edge, veius, niul muvgiiml
line finely bronzy brown ; three distinct grey transverse lines, none reaching costa :
the first along the discocellnlnr, then vertical ; the second close to it and parallel
below middle, above middle slightly curved from the subcostal; onter parallel to
the second but nearer hindmargin; fringe concolorons; no cell-spot.
llimlwing : with the two onter lines only, both indistinct; otherwise like
fore wing.
Underside uniform white ; costa of forewing bronzy brown.
Head, shoulders, and palpi white mixed with dull yellow ; thura.x and abdomen
white ; legs white, externally fuscous-tinged.
Expanse of wings : :3',' mm.
1 3 from Santo Domingo, Carabaya, S.E. Pern, (iOOO ft., June I'.miI, dry
season (Ockenden).
Subfamily BRACCINAE.
Of). Melanchroia albifascia spec. nov.
Forcwiiig : black, with a, broad white band crossing the wing obliquely from
costa just beyond middle nearly to anal angle ; fringe black.
Ilindwing : purple-black.
Underside the same as upper.
Head, thorax, abdomen, and legs black : pectus fulvons.
Expanse of wings : 34 mm.
1 ? from Cananche, Cnndiuamarca, July r.i03 ("de Mathan).
I'lU. Melanchroia astigma spec. nov.
Foirir//)i/ : deep black, with an oblique subijuadrate blotch with ronnded edges
beyond cell pure white ; fringe black with the extreme apical tips white.
Hituliiiiig: wholly black, the fringe as well.
Underside like upper.
Palpi, pectus, and anal tufts fulvous ; all the rest Ijlack.
Expanse of wings : 35 mm.
1 6 from Cuzco, Peru, March I'Jnl (Garlepp).
Ditt'ers from M. ateraea Cram, and its ab. siiljuofntn Warr. in having no
trace of a white cell-mark on hindwing either above or below; the fringe of
Ilindwing is wholly black; and the veins of both wings are not even pale; the
white blotch of forewing also seems to be differently shaped.
mi. Sangalopsis basidentata spec. nov.
Fori'iriiKj : velvety black, with a large orange-red patch in middle of wing ;
its n]ipiT edge starts from near base of cell and runs along the subcostal vein to
a little beyond middle, where it forms a slight projection and turns at right angles
straight or somewhat sinuous towards anal angle, before which it curves inwards,
not quite touching inner margin to vein 1 at about middle ; the inner edge shows
two teetli, one just under the median vein, the other on the snbmedian fold ; fringe
reddish black.
( 350 )
Ilindiring : dark velvety brown.
UiidtTsidt' Niluiliir, Imt the red move oranj;p, the basal black area reduced in
extent ; hiuJwing paler brown, uniform in coloration.
Head, thorax, and abdomen black-brown : abdomen beneath and legs grey-
brown.
Expanse of wings : ;^0 mm.
2 (} S from C'uzco, Pern, April 1901 (Garlepp).
Subfamily NEPHODIINAE.
102. Leucula meganira, ab. astigma hov.
In the shape and position of the lines this form agrees well with the type nt'
w^(/rt?!//-a Drnce ; but the discocellnlars are unmarked in both wings, and there is
no trace whatever of the round blackish spot that distinguishes the type.
Expanse of wings : 44 mm.
1 S from Chauchamayo, Peru (Schunke).
lii:i Nipteria excavata spec. nov.
Forewing : blurred grey, semihyaline, clouded with brownish grey in the upper
marginal area ; costal area pale grey dajipled with fuscous and black ; a small dark
cell-spot, followed by an oblicpie line starting from a black costal mark, and below
marked only by black dashes on veins ; a fine dark marginal line ; fringe dark
fuscous, below middle marked with white between the veins.
Ilimlu'iiHi : wholly blurred grey, darker along hindmargin ; fringe mottled
black and white.
Underside of forewing with the ground-colour whiter ; the markings as above ;
hindwing grey, thickly mottled with darker, with small cell-spot and curved
postmedian line marked only by black vein-dashes ; abdominal margin and fringe
white.
Face and vertex dnll white ; thorax and abdomen grey ; antennae, pal|>i, and
legs dark fuscous.
Expanse of wings : :36 mm.
1 S from Santo Domingo, Carabaya, S.E. Peru, 6500 ft., November 1902,
wet season (Ockenden).
Hindmargin of forewing clearly elliowed at vein 4, thence to anal angle concave ;
hindwing with hindmargin creunlate. Most nearly allied to perimede Drnce and
pieria Drace.
104. Nipteria flavipectiis sjwc. nov.
Forewing : pale mouse-grey without speckling, the costal edge somewhat paler,
more broadly towards apex ; three fine transverse lines slightly darker, starting
from oblirjne fuscous streaks ; the first simply curved at one-third ; the second at
three-fifths, roundly Vient beyond the dark ccll-sjiot; the third at three-fourths, l.ient
nearly at right angles at vein 0, then oldiipie to inner margin close beyond middle
line ; faint traces of a dark snbmarginal shade ; fringe concolorous ; all the veins
slightly darker.
Hindwing: with cell-sjiot, outer and subniarKinal carved lines, all very
indistinct.
( 351 )
Underside jjaler, mottlod with darker, esjiecially in hiiidwiug ; veios all
darker; outer line distinct in both wings; median and submarginal shades obscure.
Thorax, abdomen, legs, and antennae grey like the wings; head, shoulders,
lateral base of patagia, a rim round the eyes, the pectus and coxae, all deep yellow.
Expanse of wings : 32 mm.
2 ¥ ? from Santo Domingo de los Colorados, West Ecuador, October 1898
(Goodfellow).
Wings shorter and broader, the build stouter than usual in the group.
lo5. Nipteria infirma spec, no v.
Foj-ewing : dull pale grey, more densely s(^aled along costa aad round apex and
hindmargin ; the apical area with some ftiint darker transverse striae ; a slight
dark cell-sjiot, and a scarcely perceptible wavetl outer line from three-fourths of
costa parallel to hindmargin ; fringe grey.
Hindwinff : paler, with cell-spot, but no visible line.
Underside of forewing paler, with costa and outer margin pale brownish grey ;
cell-spot visible ; outer line marked only towards costa ; hindwing wholly brownish
grey, with the curved outer line distinct.
Head, thorax, and abdomen grey, like the costal streak, the iiead parts with a
slight Inteous tinge.
Exjjanse of wings : .34 mm.
~ S S from Chanchamayo, Peru (Schunke).
A very insignificant-looking species, most resembling mhcomom Warr.
106. Nipteria pieridaria spec, no v.
Forewing: white, the veins towards hindmargin dark; costal area above
subcostal vein and an oblong subijuadrate apical blotch reaching to vein 4 brownish
grey ; a dark grey vertical cell-mark ; a thick dark grey marginal line ; fringe worn,
probably pale.
Hindwing : with veins and marginal line as in forewing ; cell-spot obscure.
Underside with all the veins brownish ; forewing with costal edge, cell-spot,
a quadrate patch on margin between veins 4 and 6, and the commencement on costa
of a submarginal line brownish; hindwing with costal blotch near base, cell-spot,
a submarginal curved line forming blotches on costa and towards inner margin, and
a slight blotch at hindmargin between 4 and 0 brownish ; marginal line dark grey.
Head, thorax, and abdomen dull whitish ; terminal segment of palpi blackish ;
legs fuscous.
Expanse of wings : 45 mm.
1 ¥ from La Palma, Cundinamarca, Colombia, August 19U3 (de Mathan).
In both wings the hindmargin is visibly indented beyond c^dl.
lot. Nipteria subsordida sjiec nov.
Forewing : dull whitish, semihyaline ; the marginal area broadly dull grey ;
its edge starts from middle of costa, running sinuously outwards along discocellulur
to inner margin before anal angle ; in the dark area are traces of two pale bands
showing through from beneath ; costa from base to near middle grey, then blurred
whitish ; IViugi' dull whitish ; the veins across the paler ground-colour grey.
Hindwing : dirty whitish, becoming diflfusely grey along hindmargin ; fringe grey.
( ^'^'-i )
Underside dull grey, with three jiale liaiids from costii, one just before middle
widening below median vein, corresponding to the onter half of the i)ale area above,
a second from two-thirds running towards anal angle, and a third along hiudmargiu ;
hiudwing with a curved pale postmediau band following a dark grey baud ; the
lower half of I'ell and area between veins 2 and 3 at liase also jialer.
Head, thorax, and abdomen jiale smoky grey, shoulders and ])atagia somewhat
darker ; autennae dark grey.
Expanse of wings : 34 mm.
1 c? from Castro, Parana (E. D. Jones).
This seems to be the Brazilian form of the species from Peru which I have
called trisecta.
10s. Penthophlebia fuscicosta spec. nov.
Forewimj : pure white, the costa smoky grey from base to apex.
Hindwing : white.
Underside like upper.
Abdomen white ; face, shoulders, and patagia pale yellow; antennae fuscous.
Expanse of wings : 46 mm.
2 SS from Cananche, Cundinamarca, Colombia, August iyij3 (de Jlathan).
Ini). Penthophlebia posticaria spec. nov.
Foreivin;/ : silky white, the costal edge grey throughout; fringe white, with
the extreme tips grey : veins all white except the submedian, which is linearly
black, and sometimes the basal half of subcostal.
llindiciny : white ; the submediau vein black us in forewing.
Underside white throughout, except costal edge of forewing.
Thorax and abdomen white ; head, paljii, and shoulders pale yellowish ; legs
white, externally fuscous.
Expanse of wings : 4^ mm.
2 (?cJ from Sara Province, De])artment .Santa Cruz dc la Sierra, February — June
19U4 (Steiubach).
llM. Penthophlebia subapicata spec. nov.
Forewing : white, with a faint grey flush ; the veins dark grey ; costal edge
and fringe dark grey throughout ; costal and apical areas pale grey.
Hindwing : with the veins and friuge grey.
Underside of forewing with a grey shade across apex to vein 4 ; the costal edge
and veins towards margins of both wings dark ; fringes dark grey.
Head, thorax, and abdomen white, the head and shoulders faintly yellowish ;
antennae black, tlie shaft as well as the jiecMnations ; legs with the tarsi and
tibiae blackish.
Expanse of wings ; 38 mm.
1 cJ from Chanchamayo, Peru (Scluinke).
The hindmargin ot both wings is faintly elbowed at vein 4.
111. Perigramma repetita s])ec. nov.
Forewing : white ; I'osta and hiudmargiu greyish slate-colour ; the costal
streak linear at base and gradually swelling, the hindmarginal border broader at
( 353 )
apex auil gradually tUinuiug downwards to anal angle ; inner margin below
snbmedian vein faintly greyisli ; a pale grey straight band from middle of costa to
inner margin before anal angle ; fringe grey, white-tipped at midwing.
HiiiilwiiKj : with a curved smoky grey band from costa touching apex to anal
angle touching hindmargin ; a grey slightly curved band from middle of costa to
inner margin before anal angle ; tlie inner margin slightly grey-tinged ; fringe
white, grey at apex and anal angle.
Underside of forewing with the grey costal stripe narrower and paler ; the
hindmargin with a whitish smudge at apex and middle, and the fringe whitish ;
hindwing with a narrow carved submarginal line from apex to anal angle ; fringe
white.
Face, vertex, antennae, and palpi above lilack; thorax and abdomen white;
collar yellow; shoulders yellowish in front ; palpi beneath and pectus yellow ; legs
white ; the forelegs blackish in front.
Expanse of wings : 48 mm.
1 c? from Carreblanco, Costa Rica (Lankester).
Subfamily ASCOTINAE.
112. Bryoptera discata ab. cretata nov.
The present example of discata Guen. is so differently coloured from ordinary
forms that it seems to deserve a name.
The ground-colour thniughout is chalk-white, varied with a few olive-ocbreous
striae along costa of forewing and some slight sutfusiou of the same colour on
hindwing. The lines, such parts of them as are visible, agree entirely : in the
hindwing the two lines are marked near inner margin with deep black spots, on
olive-ochreous bands.
Underside white, with faint ochreous sufl'usiou, and a slight greyish submarginal
cloud on forewing.
Head, thorax, and abdomen all white.
Expanse of wings ; 30 mm.
1 <S from R. Colorado, Peru, October 19U2 (Watkins).
113. Bryoptera distincta spec. nov.
Fot-ewim/ : whitish, almost wholly diffused with grey-green, and speckled
with dark ; lines black, distinct ; first at one-fourth, fairly vertical, but angled
inwards on subcostal vein and again outwards just below it, preceded by a less
distinct dark line and a rufous shade ; median line equally distinct and black,
oblique outwards at first, angled on veins fi and 4, and passing close outside of
the black cell-spot, then incurved ; outer line at two-thirds, vertical to vein 0,
incurved to 4, and followed by three dull dark spots and a rufous shade, then
incurved to inner margin at two-thirds, parallel to median line ; all three lines
thickened on costa and blacker on the veins ; submarginal line waved, indistinct,
followed by a darker grey shade ; marginal spots black ; fringe grey, mottled with
darker.
Ilintltcimi : paler in basal half, with a thick dift'use black line from middle
of inner margin to before the black cell-spot ; outer line as in forewing, followed
( -54 )
by a jiak' line and then a ilark sliaile : iiiaiginal area darker ; markings as in
forewing.
Underside whitish, speckled with blackish, and in forewing tinged with grey ;
dark cell-spots and outer lines and a faint snbmarginal cloud.
Head, thorax, and abdomen jiale j,'rey ; paljii blackish.
Expanse of wings : 28 mm.
1 c? from Castro, Parana, An.^ust I'.hi-.' (E. D. Jones).
1 1 4. Cymatophora limbata spec. mtv.
Fore/niiq : greyish ochreous, thickly speckled with olive and fuscous, and
suffused willi darker beyond outer line ; the lines fine and obscure ; first from
one-fifth of costa to one-fifth of inner margin, angled in cell; outer from three-
fourths of costa nearly straight to three- fifths of iuuer margin ; a very faint
median shade ; cell-spot black ; submarginal line indicated only by two i)airs of
blackish spots preceding and following it, above and below vein 5 ; slight black
marginal sjiots ; fringe coucolorous.
Iliiidiciitg : in the basal two-thirds paler grey ; a distinct straight antemedian
line before the black cell-spot ; the outer line thick and double, being followed by
an outwardly diffuse olive shade.
Underside paler, whiter grey, the forewing with a greenish tinge, and much
s]ieekled ; an ill-defined dark submarginal band ; black cell-spots and marginal
spots.
Head, thorax, and abdomen like wings ; shoulders dark olive, speckled with
fuscous.
Expanse of wings : 38 mm.
1 S from Sapucay, near Villa Kica, Paraguay, September 1903 (Foster).
The outer line straight in both wings ; in C. modexta Warr., from the same
locality, the outer line, especially of forewing, is dentate-lunulate.
Ho. Cymatophora muscitincta spec. nov.
Forewing : dull grey, with a greenish tinge, and thickly speckled with moss-
green and fuscous atoms ; the lines moss-green ; first from one-fifth of costa to
one-fifth of inner margin, bent in cell ; median line, much before the middle,
from before two-fifths of costa to two-fifths of inner margin, nearly straight, faintly
incurved above and below median ; outer line at three-fifths, also straight, but
dentate-lunulate, the lunules shallow and the teeth short, followed by a thick
moss-greeu shade dentate outwardly on the veins and becoming obsolete towards
costa; submarginal line indicated by a row of black sjiots occupying the usual
lunules, plainest above middle, followed above middle by a dark triangular shade,
the marginal area generally darker ; fringe concolorous ; no distinct marginal
line or spots ; cell-spot black, distinct.
lltiidiniHj : without first line ; antemedian and postmedian as in forewing,
but the latter almost hidden in a broad dark moss-green shade following ; cell-spot
round and black ; the rest as in forewing.
Underside greenish cinereous, speckled and suffused with darker ; the lines
barely indicated; a diffuse dark submarginal fascia, strongest at costa of forewing.
ilcad, thorax, and abdomen grey, the head and shoulders greenish tinged.
Expanse of wings : 44 mm.
(355)
1 ? from Santo Doraiiiojo, Carabaya, R.E. Pern, 6500 ft., May 1902, dry season
(Ockeuden).
The antennae are shortly pectinate. The species is certainly related to liinosa
Dogn., bnt the lines are different, and the green tinge is very noticeable.
11*>. Iridopsis grisescens spec. nov.
Foreiring : dull grey, thickly sprinkled witli dark grey scales ; the lines
blackish, all' thickened and black on costa ; tlie veins marked with black dashes
at the crossing of the dark shades ; basal line double, the arms starting at one-sixth
and one-third of costa, curved obliquely inwards and converging; a diifuse cloudy
blackish cell-mark, touching median line, which is incurved; outer line from
two-thirds of cnsta, vertical to vein 0, then oblicjue inwards, sharply marked by
black wedge-shaped spots on veins, to middle of iimer margin, the four lines at
equal distances apart on inner margin ; snbmarginal line Innulate-dentate, the
marginal area beyond it darker grey, preceded at costa by a double dark shade,
which becomes black beyond cell and cloudy below; a black marginal festoon, with
spots between the veins ; fringe dark and light grey.
Iliiidiciiiij : with a median line marked by black vein-spots just beyond the
black cell-spot, preceded by two dark shades on inner margin and followed by
two grey waved cloudy shades before the whitish submarginal line ; the rest as in
fore wing.
Underside dull bone-colour, smudged with grey on forewing and towards costa
of hindwing ; the cell-spots and marginal spots black.
Head, thorax, and abdomen all dull grey.
Expanse of wings : 38 mm.
1 (? from Quito, Ecuador (W. Goodfellow).
117. Iridopsis subnigrata sjiec. nov.
Forewiixj : white, thickly speckled with grey or blackish, especially in the ? ;
costa with black spots and short striae ; the lines all marked by black spots on veins ;
first obliquely curved inwards, from one-fourth of costa to one-fifth of inner margin,
double, the space between tinged with brown scales ; cell-spot large, the centre con-
sisting of pearl-grey, somewhat raised, scales in a blackish ring ; the median shade,
starting from a black spot above it and curved round it, marked by brown spots on
veins, and oliscurely double ; outer line at about two-thirds, vertical to above vein 5,
there angled and oblique and straight to vein 1, then again vertical, marked by
black vein-spots and followed by a chestnut-brown shade, which is thickest and
darkest near costa; submarginal line whitish, oliscure below vein 4, where it is
more or less lost in the ground-colour, plainest above, the two lunules beyond cell
preceded by a consjiicuous black blotch and followed by a deep brown-black shade,
the apex remaining whitish grey ; marginal area with the veins broadly rufous ;
marginal spots large and black ; fringe mottled rnfous and white.
lliiiilic'uKj : with costa and base white; a doulile black antemediun line;
cell-mark as in forewing, but smaller ; the rest as in forewing.
Underside whitish, slightly grey-tinged ; forewing with large smoky blackish
cell-spot and broad blackish marginal border, leaving the apex white ; hindwing
with smaller cell-sjiot and partial lilackish border; in the ¥ both sjiots and border
are larger ami blacker, the latter com[)lelc in both wings.
Head, thorax, and abdomen white; face and palpi varied with grey an! i)a!e
2t
( 356 )
biowii; tips of the shouMiTs brown ; thorax, ])at!iiria, and alKlmueu black-speckled;
the last witii jiaired dorsal spots.
Expanse of wings : S, 44 mm. ; ? , 4S mm.
1 (?, 1 ? from Sauto Domiugo, Carabaya, S.E. Peru, 6500 ft., December, wet
season ; and 1 cj October, dry season, 1002 (^Ockenden) type ; 2 <? cJ from Ciizco,
Pern, October 1900 and April l'.)ifl (Garlepp); 1 6 from Chanchamayo, Peru
(Schunke).
lis. Pherotesia alterata spec. nov.
In appearance like PL iii<tliiain:i ,Scliaus, but paler; all the lines farther from
hindmargin. TLe hiudwing is not dark, but pale oclireous, with olive dusting and
three distinct lines : an obscure median, a double postmediau, and a thirl; macular
submavginal, only the last reaching costa, which basewards is ciuite pale.
Expanse of wings : 48 mm.
1 S from Cananche, Cundinamarca, Colombia, July l'.i"3 (de Mathan).
Distinguished at once from malinaria by the veins 4 and 5 of hiudwing being
stalked together ; but the swelling is present on vein 2, as in that species.
In Fit. subjecta, described below, veins 4 and 5 are separate and the swelling
on vein 2 absent ; in Ph. condensaria Guen. veins 4 and 5 are stalked, but there
is no swelling on vein 2.
119. Pherotesia flavicincta spec. nov.
Foreiviiig : olive-ochreous ; the veins olive-yellow; the markings dark olive-
fuscous ; these are much broken up, and the whole wing is densely spriidded with
dark dots and striae ; costa with coarse spots and blotches of fuscous ; lines pale,
lunular, preceded aud followed by blotches of olive-fuscous ; the inner vertical at
one-third, the outer at two-thirds ; close to the base there appears to be a similar
short basal line ; the submarginal line is preceded by a series of larger blackish
blotches, and followed by a series of dark anvil-shaped marginal marks between
the veins ; all these lines are broken up by the yellow veins ; cell-spot large and
dark : fringe yellow, mottled with fuscous.
Iliiiiliriiiq : dull yellowish ochreous, blurred with olive-grey speckling ; a dull
cell-spot ; dark postmedian and snbmarginal lines, most distinct on inner margin ;
dark marginal lunules before the yellow fringe.
Underside more or less clouded with olive-cinereous ; some yellow striae along
co.-ta of forewing ; a lilotch beyond cell, and interrupted traces of subiuargiual and
subterminal lines; a square apical sjiot and the fringe yellow; hiudwing yellow,
striated with cinereous ; a large dark cell-spot ; fringe yellow.
Head, thorax, and abdomen olive-yellow, mottled with fuscous ; legs and
antennae the same.
Expanse of wings : .")2 mm.
'Z S i from Huancabamba, Cerro de Pasco, Peru, 6— 10,UOO ft. (Bottger).
In appearance exactly like species of the genus Pherotesia Scliaus, but with
entirely normal neuratiou.
120. Pherotesia potens spec. nov.
Forcwiitij : pale ochreous, thiekly freckled with olive-fuscous; the lines
distinct, blackish, aud mostly double ; along the costa aud beyond the median
line a faint olive tinge is visible; towards the hindmargin the freckling is denser
( 357 )
along the veins : inner liiu' vertical, from one-fonrth of costa to oue-thiril of inner
margin, forming a bilnlied jirojection outwards above and below the median,
preceded at some distance by a broader but more diffuse line similarly projecting ;
median line vertical, from a little before middle of costa to middle of inner margin,
lunulate-dentate, single, followed shortly by a distinct lilaclc discocellular Innule ;
outer line strongly Inunlatt'-dentate, from two-thirds of costa to two-thirds (if inner
margin, siunate, ontcurved above and incurved below the middle, followed by a
more diffuse dark shade, the interval between them pale throughout ; submarginal
line double, both arms lunulate-dentate, the inner with the teeth directed outwards,
the outer inwards ; a row of black marginal lunnles ; fringe greyish ochreons, paler
beyond veins.
Hind (ring : paler, yellowish ochreons, slightly speckled, except beyond sub-
marginal line ; antemediau and postmedian slightly waved dark grey lines from
inner margin to vein 0 ; a submarginal line of black contiguous blotches lietweeu
the veins, followed by a dark shade ; marginal lunules as in forewing ; fringe
wholly pale.
Underside pale ochreons, slightly speckled, more densely in forewing ; the
lines obscure ; both wings with a broad diifnse dark submarginal fascia.
Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreons, densely speckled with olive-fuscous ;
legs mottled with blackish ; abdominal tufts blackish.
Expanse of wings : 56 mm.
Several S (S from Yungas de la Paz, Bolivia, September 1899 (Garlepp).
Larger and paler, with more distinctly expressed markings than J'/t. condensaria
Guen., with which it agrees in having veins 4 and 5 of hiudwiug shortly stalked,
and no swelling on vein 2 ; the basal segments of abdomen laterally are armed with
a pair of dark hair tufts.
121. Pherotesia subjecta spec. nov.
Forewinij : ochreons, thickly suffused with olive-green and dusted with
fnscous ; the lines and markings indistinct, all more or less like those of
Ph. malinaria Schans and altcrata Warr. ; a dark line close to base ; a double
basal line, outcurved above and below median vein ; a large diffuse olive cloud at
middle of costa, on the outside of which is placed the black cell-spot ; the median
line rises before the middle and apparently a]iproaches the basal line on inner
margin ; outer line double, lunulate-dentate, from three-fourths of costa to middle
of inner margin, followed above median by dark olive clouds; submarginal line
whitish, preceded and followed by dark blotches between the veins, that above
vein 1 conspicuous ; a pale streak from apex ; dark marginal luunles : fringe
greyish olive.
llindtcinq : pale greyish olive, blurred, the marginal third darker ; cell-spot
round, cloudy.
Underside dirty grey, speckled with darker and tinged with greenish ; all the
markings jireseut, but obscure.
Head and thorax olive-grey ; abdomen jialer grey.
Expanse of wings : 44 mm.
1 cJ from Santo Domingo, (.'arabaya, S.E. Peru, UoOU ft, November I'JU'.', wet
season (Ockeudeu).
Agrees with P/i. malinaria Schaus in neuration, vein 5 present in hindwing
and rising above 4, but vein 2 without any swelling.
( 358 )
12:.'. Stenalcidia (? I divisata spi^'c. uuv.
Forcwiiig : whitish striated with gre)- ; marginal area beyond outer line grey
witli a reddish tiuge : first line donble, dark fnscona, the two arms farther from
one another on costa, both angled on subeostal vein, then oblinne inwards to near
base of inner margin, the inner arm reddish tinged ; onter line black, frmu two-
thirds of costa to three-fifths of inner margin, obliquely waved outwards to vein li,
forming a blnnt jirojection beycHid cell, then sinuous inwards, the ground-colour
within the projection white without grey striae ; median line clondy, waved, bent
outwards beyond the ccll-sjiot and apiiroaching outer line towards inner margin :
cell-mark annnlnr anil large ; the outer line is followed closely by a rufous-grey
line ; submarginal line acutely dentate, pale, the teeth filled in with darker and
beyond cell with black scales, and there also followed by black scales to margin ;
a row of round black marginal spots ; fringe reddish grey ; on the costa between
outer and submarginal line a darker cloud.
Hindwing : with a black streak at base ; median Hue more concise than in
forewing, and preceding the annular cell-mark ; onter line black, forming only a
slight angle beyond cell ; the rest as in forewing.
Underside dirty whitish clouded with smoky grey ; both wings with large
black cell-spots and broad black borders, marginal in forewing, submargiiuxl in
hindwing ; apex of forewing pale ; traces of a dark median line.
Head, thorax, and abdomen greyish white, the thorax greyer; abdomen with
a dark basal ring and the segmental rings rufous ; face dark grey above, pale
below.
Expanse of wings : 44 mm.
1 ? from Sta. Lucia (Branch).
The species seems related to S. jjleHaiia\\\\i.,\>\\t its position must remain
doubtful in the absence of the S-
Subfamily SELIDOSEMINAE.
Genus Bagodares Druce.
This genus, described in the Biohujia, vol. ii. p. 175, was placed by the author
among the Larentiachie ; but the tyjje-species prnsn has no radial in the hindwing,
and is rather to be placed iu the Selidosemiiiae. A second species is now added
to the genus.
123. Bagodares pallidicosta spec. nov.
Forewing: pale purplish grey, with purplish brown suft'usion in jmrts ; a
white aud cream-coloured costal blotch extending from one-fourth of costa, where
it is pointed, to close before ajiex, where it touches vein 6, with grey striae along
costal edge; below this blotch runs a dark shade of brown; lines tine, brown;
first from one-fourth of costa, acutely angled on snbcostal vein, tlien oblicpie to
one-fifth of inner margin ; second line from a brown streak at tiiree-fiftbs of costa,
marked with a black sj)ot above and below vein 7 in the pale blotch, then obliqne
j)ar;dlel to first line to before middle of inuer margin; outer line from a brown
streak before the end of pale blotch, running slightly divergent from second to
two-thirds of inner margin,, cio.^cly followed by a black line starting vertically from
the end of tlie blotch, edging the brown shade beneath it, and becoming diffuse
( 359 )
towards iniior margin: a dark limwii mars-inal line; fringe dark grey with a
pale base.
Iliiithcing : witli the base pale gre}', limited by a straight line, continuing tlie
second of forewing ; the two outer lines continued as postmedian lines, outcurved
beyond cell and diverging from each otlier, tiie sjtace between inner iincl outermost
suffused with olive-brown, containing a rather large oval pale yellowish cell-spot.
Underside pale grey, freckled with darker, with a submarginal fuscous clond,
distinct on forewing only.
Thorax and abdomen pale grey varied witli darker; shoulders, collar, face, and
])ali)i olive-brown ; vertex ochreous ; antennae whitish.
Expanse of wings : 30 mm.
1 <S from R. C'ayapas, N.W. Ecuador (Flemming & Miketta).
124, Cidariophanes stellaris spec. nov.
Forewing . dark brown speckled and dusted with yellow ; the lines indicated
only by larger whitish or hiteons spots ; first line curved, marked by a small pale
costal spot, one on inner margin and an oval larger one on the snbmedian fold
beyond it ; a small white spot in cell and a dark one at the end ; outer line marked
by a short oblicpio white streak on costa at two-thirds, a thin spot touching end
of cell, a large lunule in submediau interspace towards the oval spot of inner line ;
submarginal line marked by a small costal spot and four white spots in a line
below it between the veins, a larger white horizontal spot below vein 4, and a
narrow erect spot in submediau interval ; this is preceded by a yellowish lunnle
and followed by yellowish scales : indistinct dark marginal spots ; fringe brown-
black, with pale luteous spots at ends of veins.
Iliiidiciny : glossy whitish, thickly speckled along hindmargin with brownish
and with traces of a dark lunulate-dentate snbmarginal line and some pale spots
before margin ; fringe rufous beyond a dark marginal festoon ; cell-spot brown.
Underside of forewing blurred brownish dappled with whitish, of hiudwing
whitish densely speckled with brown, the pale spots of forewing showing through ;
cell-spots dark, and a dark lunulate-dentate snbmarginal line distinct on both wings.
Head, thorax, and al)domen like wings ; face pale below; ]ialpi dark brown;
legs mottled.
Expanse of wings : 40 mm.
1 (? from Yungas de la Paz, Bolivia, December ls99 (Garlejip).
Unlike any other species with which I am acijnainted, somewhat reminding
one of Melanoscia sidevata Dogn.
125. Ischuopteris brunneoviridis spec. nov.
Forr/riiiij : basal and marginal areas dull olive-green, central area dull rrd-
brown ; liasal i)atcli limited by an oblii^ue dark line from one-sixth of costa to
one-fourth of inner margin, fornaiiig a sliort tooth outwards above anil below the
median vein ; outer edge of central fascia from three-fifths of costa to two-tJiirds
of inner margin, bluntly angled on vein 4, then incurved, followed by a thick line
of pale green mixed with darker scales ; across the middle of the <'entral fascia is
a deeper red-brown shade angled in cell, then incurved and ajiproaching the outer
line on inner margin ; between veins '^^ and 4, in the ?, the red-brown colour of the
central fascia is projected to outer margin ; through the upper and lower green
( 300 )
portions of the marginal area an intprrnpted jiale snbmarginal lino is traceable,
beginning as a whitish spot on costa, forming two acnfc black ]iale-fdged teeth
below it, and a white Innule at inner margin ; on costa and inner margin this line
is jireeedt'd bj a shade of deeper red-brown ; a fine black marginal fostonn ; fringe
dark brown, with fine pale chequering beyond veins.
llhidicinq : greyish white, in one ? cinereous, with u. broail bhickisb fnscons
marginal imrder, preceded by a fine angled postmedian line ; fringe reddish.
Underside of forewing blurred grey, blacker towards hindniargin ; costal area
pinkish ochreous, mnch speckled with black ; a pale marginal patch between
veins 3 and 4 and a smaller one at anal angle : liindwing ochreous, densely striateil
witli blackish, the cell-spot, postmedian Hue, and marginal border black.
Head, thorax, and abdomen green, varied with darker and redilish nchrenus ;
pal]>i pale with dark tijis ; abdomen darker along dorsum.
E.xpanse of wings : 33 mm.
1 6 from Santo Domingo, ( 'arabaya. S.E. Peru, G5iio ft., December ]9ni.' ;
1 ?, November VM^l, wet season; and 1 ?, April 1902, dry season (Ockenderi).
The 6 throughout is more strongly marked.
I'-'C. Ischnopteris degener spec. uov.
Foi-eiriiiq : greenisli wliite, freckled all over with blackish striae, with a rufous
tinge in parts; a dark blotch at extreme base: first line blackish, oblique, from
one-sixth of costa to one-fourth of inner margin ; outer line at about three-fifths,
irregularly dentate, outcurved but interrujited in middle of wing to two-thirds of
inner margin, followed by a pale greenish white baud, broader on inner margin ;
median shade blackish and diffuse, sinuous ; subraargiual line whitish, interrupted,
preceded by a blackish shade forming acute teeth below costa and above inner
margin ; the marginal area again becoming freckled and grey, with some ill-formed
black marginal spots ; fringe rufous-grey.
liindwing : greyish white, darker along inner and hindmargin, with traces of
a snbmarginal shade ; fringe dark grey, beyond a dark marginal line.
Underside of forewing dirty whitish, with the markings all dull grey ; of
hindwing dull whitish with a few striae.
Head, thorax, and abdomen grey sjieckled with darker : jialpi externally
fnscons ; face rubbed.
Expanse of wings : 26 mm.
1 i from Santo Domingo, ('arabaya, S.E.Peru, noim I't., Octob.'r lOirJ, dry
season (Ockenden).
Neodesmodes gen. nov.
Foreiving : costa strongly arched at base, then straight ; a|iex blunt ; hind-
margin curved, not oblicpie imr crenulate ; anal angle squared.
Iliudiring : a.m\Ac ; hindmargin with a very slight jirojection at vein 4, and
indentation above it beyond cell ; apical angle rounded ; anal angle s(iuared.
Thorax, metathorax, and abdomen tufted; palpi rough-scaled, upcurveil in
front ; antennae ( 9 ) simple ; tongue and frennlum present.
Neuration : forewing, cell a little longer tlian half of wing ; discocellubir
concave; first median nervule shortly before end of cell, second and third long-
Stalked; radials normal; 7, 8, U stiiJked from belore end. In from the same point.
( 301 )
1 1 before it : hiiidwing, costal and subcostal slightly approximating near base ;
0, 7 stalked ; 3, 4, long-stalked.
Scaling smooth and fine, as in Sijrfodea Guen.
Type : Xeodi'sinodfs srmiallata spec. nov.
127. Neodesmodes semialbata spec. nov.
Frirc'tciiu/ : silky white, with sienna brown and black markings ; a lilack liasal
]>atch, with its centre brown, followed at one-fourth by a broad curved or bent black
band ; cell-spot black, with a black costal and subcostal mark above it, and some
blackish scales forming a kind of median cloud across the white central area, which
is bounded at two-thirds by an irregularly bent black line, forming a short beak
outwards on median vein and another on submedian, strongly bulging basewards
between ; marginal area brown, containing an interrupted white snbmargiual band,
biangulate to vein 4, then interrupted and forming a straight line from 3 to anal
angle ; before and beyond this lower arm the brown colour becomes black, and also
beyond cell ; a pale streak at apex ; a row of dark marginal lunnles ; fringe
cheqnered white and brown.
Ilindiring : white, with a broad blackish marginal border ; cell-spot and
median line showing dark from underside ; fringe blackish.
Underside like upper, but all the markings of forewing dull, of hindwing clear.
Head, shonlders, and metathoracic tuft white ; pali)i blackish, with white
terminal segment ; thorax, patagia, and abdomen black, the last more cinereous,
and with pale segmental rings ; underside of abdomen and legs mottled black
and white.
Expanse of wings : 35 mm.
1 ¥ from Limbani, C'arabaya, S.E. Peru, 9000 ft., February and March 1904
(Ockenden).
In the above description the coloration of the right wings has been followed.
In the left forewing the costal end of the inner band, the cell-spot and those above
it, and the marginal area above middle are brown, not black ; while in the left
hindwing the marginal horder is brown at apex. The same difference occurs on
the underside.
128. Sericosema angiilata spec. nov.
Foreiriiiq : J'ale ochreous, flushed with ochraceons, and witli a few black
speckles; the veins, especially the median and its branches, paler than the rest;
first line represented by three black dots on veins and one on inner margin, placed
in a slight curve at one-third ; outer line by a similar series from close before apex
to five-sixths of inner margin, slightly sinuate : followed by an ochraceous shade
from apex, which pales off towards liiodmargin ; a broad brownish ochraceous
median shade from below two-thirds of costa to two-thirds of inner margin, nearly
straight; slight dark lines along margin between veins; fringe ochraceous, with
paler basal line.
Hiiuhrhui : without any ochraceous tinge, or first line; the median shade
browner.
Underside duller, tinged with greyish ochreous and more thickly speckled ; the
markings indistinct.
Head, thorax, abdomen, and legs all ochreous.
( 362 )
Expanse of wiii^s : 40 mm.
2 ? ? from Viinconver, British Colnmliia, May 1902 (A. H. Bnsh).
Distinguished not only by its ranch paler srronnd-cnlonr, bnt also by the
decided angnlation of the forewinir.
120. Sericosema lignata spec. iiov.
Foreiriiii/ : pale wood-lirown ; the costa greyer, with tine black striae; the
lines dark grey, indistinct, marked by dark spots on veins ; the first from one-fonrth
of costa to one-third of inner margin, curved ; outer from two-thirds of costa to
two-thirds of inner margin, oblique outwards, curved in cell, then straight ; sub-
marginal line only plain at costa ; cell-spot black ; fringe concolnrons.
Iliiidiriiig : paler, towards costa whitish ; a black cell-spot.
Underside greyish white, towards margins brownish, finely speckled throughout ;
cell-spots black.
Head and thorax like forewiiigs; abdomen like hindwings ; legs speckled.
E.xpanse of wings ; .50 mm.
1 ? from S.E. Albemarle, Galapagos Islands (li. H. Beck).
The ape.K of forewing is subfalcate, the hiudraargin sinuate, the inner margin
convex. The species may be referred temporarily to Sericosema.
Subfamily FIDONIINAE.
Eupileta gen. no v.
Fovewirig : short and broad; the costa arched, the inner margin convex, and
heavily fringed with hair ; hindmargin slightly elbowed at vein 4.
Ilinduinci : with apex and hindmargin ronnded, anal angle produced; the
whole wing above and below, excejit the ajiex, covered with layers and tnfts of hair,
especially tliick and bristly at anal angle, the wing below appearing partially lobed.
Antennae of S bipectinate, tlie pectinations far apart and ciliated ; palpi short,
thick, hairy, porrcct ; terminal segment drooping; tongue and frenulum present;
hindtibiae swollen, with a pencil of grey hairs and four short spnrs.
Neuration : forewing, cell not half as long as wing, broad ; discocelhilar vertical ;
first median nervnlt; at three-fourths ; second close before tiiird ; radials normal ;
7, 8, 9 stalked ; lo and 11 coincident, anastomosing with 12: hindwing, costal and
subcostal anastomosing to near end of cell ; 7 from before end, (i from tlie inbent
end of subcostal ; discocellular inangulate; no radial ; medians as in forewing.
Type : Eupileta liirsuta spec. nov.
Allied to Sfo-rayode.s and Mimophi/lr Warr., with which it agrees in the
anastomosis of costal and subcostal of hindwing.
i:^.ii. Eupileta hirsuta spec. nov.
ForeiriiKj : pniplish brown, with fine striations ; the costa paler, dotted with
blackish ; three brown lines, equidistant, and vertical in direction, all bent below
costa and sliglitly insinuate beyond cell and on sidiinedian told: a black cidl-siint
before middle line ; a dark marginal line ; fringe brown.
Hi mini III/ : in the ? with the two outer lines of forewing, in the S without
markings; the tnfts of hair at anal angle blackish, with their tips, like the fringe,
ochreous.
( 363 )
Underside pnler, withont tlio iiinor lino ol' f(ivpwin<j.
Head, tliorax, and abdomen like wings ; anal tuft of c? briglit yellow.
Expanse of wings : IS mm.
2 <?c?, 1 ?, from Organ Mts., Tijuco.
Subfamily SEMIOTHIRINAE.
131. Semiothisa flavida spec. nov.
Forewing : dull }-ellow, slight I}- gi-ey-speckled ; the marginal area grey-tinged ;
costa dotted with blaek, and with lilack s)>ots at the origin of the lines, which are
of ihe same grey tinge as the marginal area ; fir.-it and second at one-tifth and two-
tifths, outer line at two-thirds, all bent slightly below subcostal, then obli(jue more
or less parallel to hindmargin ; outer line followed first by a broad grey line
showing through from below, and then by a deutate shade; the outer line marked
on veins 3 and 4 by velvety black sj)ots, fullowed by a brown blotch extending to
the shade ; fringe yellow like wing, but blaik-brown along the excision, where the
marginal line is of the same colour.
Ilinihfiiig : like forewing, but without basal line and dark blotches ; the outer
line fine, dentate-lnuulate, and curved ; the teeth finely marked with black.
Underside rather brighter ; the inner and outer lines indistinct, the line beyond
outer dark brown and thick, followed by a fulvous shade ; slight grey cell-spots.
Head, thorax, abdomen, and legs all yellow ; forelegs fuscous in front.
Expanse of wings : 3i) mm.
1 ? from Guadalite, Cundinamarca, Colombia, Augnstl9U3 (de Mathan) (type),
and 1 ? from Chanchamayo, Peru (Schunke).
Forewing with a shallow excision; hindwing bluntly angled.
13','. Semiothisa nigrescens spec nov.
Foreifiiiy : smoky greyish ochreous, with fine dark transverse striae ; this paler
ground, however, is visible only in the space between median and outer lines ; the
rest of the wing is suffused with deep purplish fuscous; the lines thick, blackish,
starting from enlarged costal spots, all three vertical ; first from one-fifth of costa
to one-fourth of inner margin ; second from before middle, touching or passing over
the cell-spot ; outer line from two-thirds of costa to three-fourths of inner margin,
dentate-lnnulate ; an indistinct darker dentate snbmarginal shade ; slight traces of
the )ialer ground-colour towards ajjex ; fringe purplish fuscous beyond a deeper line,
and jiale-tipped at anal angle ; costa with fine dark and lighter striae, and two or
three pale spots before apex.
IliiKhriiifi : similar, without first line; cell-spot within a curve of the median
line; subniarginal line jilainer and straighter; fringe paler.
Underside pale ochreous, with brown striae ; median line thick, waved, brown ;
raai'ginal area purplish brown, leaving a pale space on both wings below vein 4, and
with some small white spots before apex of forewing.
Thorax and abdomen like the dark parts of wings ; head paler, more olive;
abdomen below and legs ochreous, dark-s]ie(klod.
Expanse of wings : 3.'5 mm.
1 S from Cananche, Cundinamarca, Colombia, August Iitn3 (de Mathan).
The excision of forewings and angle of hiudwings both slight.
( 364 )
133. Semiothisa quadricaudata spec. nov.
Vnreiring : palp brownish oibroons, sjjpckled witb brown ; costa at base, the
ajiical area, and the lines brown ; basal and onter line very fine ; the basal curved
outwards above and below the median vein, tonching below the large fovea; the
onter line from three-fifths of costa to three-fifths of inner margin irregularly
waved ; a broad dift'iise median shade from near middle of costa to before middle
of inner margin ; a straight brown shade from two-thirds of costa to just before
anal angle ; a whitish apical streak above vein 7, speckled with ochreous grey ; a
slightly hyaline pale s]iot above base of vein fi ; marginal line dark brown ; fringe
ochreous.
JliiifhriiK/ : with tlie two thick shades at one-third and two-thirds, and the
onter line fine and brown, dentate-lnnulate.
Underside bright oehraceous speckled with brown ; with the two thick lines
bright brown on each wing, and brown cell-spots ; the two white markings on
forewing consj)icuons.
Head, palj)i, and forelegs dark browu ; shoulders and base of patagia gre)--
brown ; thorax and abdomen like wings.
Expanse of wings : 40 mm.
1 (J from Tuis, Costa Rica.
Distinguished from all the other similarly coloured species by the absence of
an excision below apex of forewing, whicii is bluntly produced and falcate.
Antennae shortly snbserrate and pubescent.
134. Semiothisa salsa spec. nov.
Fm-ewiiiy : chalk-white, thickly and coarsely speckled with dark brown ; the
veins towards hindmargin brown ; costa bright yellow between thg brown spots ;
lines all brighter brown than the speckling, waved, thickened on costa ; first
from one-fifth of costa to one-fourth of inner margin, outcurved above and below
median vein ; second from two-fifths of costa to middle of inner margin, incurved
on each side of median, followed by a thick brown cell-spot ; outer line from
two-thirds of costa to three-fourths of inner margin, thickly Innulate-dentate,
incurved on snbmedian fold, followed on costa by a brown Vilotch reaching
nearly to apex, from which an irregular brown fascia descends to anal angle,
touching outer line at middle and externally dentate on the veins ; fringe brown
like the lines.
lUiKhriiiij : similar, but whiter; the first line basal; the outer fascia starting
from apex.
Underside like ujjper, but the ground-colour buff, except a white blotch running
inwarils from apex of forewing, and the inner margin of the same.
Palpi butt' below, brown above; face brown with the extreme base white;
vertex and antennae brown ; shoulders dark grey ; patagia and tips of shoulders
pale grey; abdomen white, blotched and speckled witli brown, buff below and at
sides ; legs bufl' mottled with brown.
Expanse of wings : 35 mm.
1 6 from C'ananche, C'nndinamarca, Colombia, August 19iJ3 (de Mathan).
Excision of forewing shallow ; hindwing angled at middle.
( 365 )
13;i. Semiothisa viilpina spec. iiov.
Forewiitg : ochreous speckleil witli dark brown scales ; the lines and marking!?
pale fnlvons ; first line from one-fifth of costa obli(|iie outwards and angled in cell,
then oliliipie inwards and carved round the large fovea, marked with dark brown
on the veins; second line at two-fifths of costa, waved and oblique inwards,
apjiroaching and running jiaraliel to first line, to before middle of inner margin,
touching the dark brown cell-spot; outer line at two-thirds, vertical and slightly
waved, marked on inner margin i>y a dark brown spot, followed by a pale fnlvous
suffusion leaving whitish patches on hindmargin at and below apex and in middle
of hindmargin, and forming a deeper fulvous patch at anal angle ; marginal spots
and the excision fulvous.
lUnihvinij : with a fnlvons antemedian line ; the postmedian denticulate
fidhiwed by a fnlvons shade, leaving the margin whitish ; marginal spots brown.
Underside ochreous, with the fnlvous markings redder.
Face and palpi fulvous ; thorax and abdomen ochreous, speckled with fnlvous.
Expanse of wings : 35 mm.
1 cf from Bulim, N.W. Ecuador, 100 ft., January lOol (Flemming & Miketta).
Subfamily ENNOMINAE.
130. Acrotomodes croceata spec. nov.
Fori'iviiii/ : yellowish straw-colour, with sparse but large transverse olive-
fuscous striae; costal streak olive-grey, towards costa dotted with pale, the
extreme apex pale; lines dark olive-fuscous ; first strongly rounded at middle
from one-fifth of costa to one-fifth of inner margin, preceded by jiale grey scales
and followed by some olive-green ones; outer line from before middle of inner
margin, at first curving inwards towards first line, then running ol)lii|uely straigiit
and slightly dentate on veins to close to hindmargin above vein 0, where it is
angled nnd reflexed to a dark costal spot at five-sixths, inwardly j)receded by an
olive-green shade and followed by a grey and then an olive one ; cell-spot small,
dark ; a little before it on costa the beginning of an obsolete median line ; marginal
area olive-grey, striated with darker, the edge of the dark area vertical and
straight from anal angle to outer line, above which it as well as the reflexed
arm of the outer line itself is interrupted liy the pale ground-colour which runs
info apex ; fringe olive-grey, with a i)aler basal line.
Uirnlwind : with slight striation ; a distinct black cell-spot, followed by a
fine median line ; a very faint marginal border indicated by striae, especiallv at
ai)ex : fringe yellow.
Hndersido much gayer: forewing lemon-yellow; lines and striae olive-brown ;
dark marginal area deep brown and fuscous, running through to costa and containing
a pale zigzag snbmarginal line ; the apex cream-colour : hindwing tinged with
fnlvons, the striae rich brown; both wings with distinct lilack cell-spots.
Face, antennae, vertex, and shoulders olive-grey ; patagia, thorax, and dorsum
straw-colour like wings ; underside of body, legs, and palpi fidvons yellow ; fore
and middle legs externally fuscous.
Expanse of wings : 52 mm.
1 6 from Huancaband)a, (Jerro de Pasco, Pern, OOOH — 10,1 mO ft. (Pottger).
Apex of forewing truncate, projecting shortly and bluntly above vein 7 ; hindmargin
bulged in middle.
( 300 )
137. Acrotomodes sporadata spec. iidv.
Forririni) : liver-brown, strongly flashed with lilac-grey; the lines dink
brown, starting from ontwardly oblique dark brown streaks at two-tiftlis ami
two-thirds, the first angled sharply on subcostal, the second on vein 7, then
nblirjue inwards ])ara]lel to each other ; the onter line is met at the angle by a
ihirk line from before apex, and is followed below tlie middle by an irregular
reddisli brown cloud; costal edge ochreous between the lines; a])e.\ with a patch
of small hoary grey partially confluent spots, wliich are also visible but nmre
scattered above anal angle ; fringe dark brown with jiiilcr tips, especially just
below apex.
nijuhvini/ ; with the two lines divergent towards inner margin and not reaching
above subcostal vein ; hindmargin with a deep brown cloud.
Underside pale reddish fawn-colour, with a few black specks ; the forewing
with a dark brown straight line from before apex to two-thirds of inner margin,
the area beyond it reddisli fulvous, becoming pale grey at apex.
Face, palpi, and forelegs red-brown ; thorax and abdomen ]ialer, mixed witli
grey ; vertex and collar whitish grey ; anal tuft ochreous.
Expanse of wings : 30 mm.
3 cj (? f rom Olianchamayo, Peru (Sciuinke) ; also from C'haraplaya, Bolivia.
On the underside these SS are almost identical with those of ^l. hepatkata W'arr.,
from S. Brazil.
138. Aeschropteryx tetragonata ab. solitaria no v.
This name is proposed for the mnc'h paler form of ti'traijonittii Guen., in
which the outer line of forewing and central line of hindwing is not double,
but single, and quite pale brown; in the type form the outer arm of the double
line is continued to apex of forewing ; in the aberration, where this arm is absent,
the inner arm is simply retracted to costa from the acute angle on vein li.
2 (?(? from f'nndinamarca, (Colombia, August 1903 (de Mathan), sent with
several of the ordinary dark form.
130. Anisoperas bimaciilata spec, no v.
Forewitu/ : olive-fuscous, striated with darker; tlie central area deep l>rowii ;
costa with pale brown striae; lines fine, slightly darker; first from two-fifths of
costa to two-fifths of inner margin, vertical and nearly straight; outer line from
three-fourths of costa obli(jue outwards to vein (i, there bluntly bent and sinuous
inwards to three-fifths of inner margin, faintly Innulate between the veins and
edged with a fine pale line; the line forms a deep sinus from vein 3 to 1, where
it is toothed outwards ; within the projection beyond cell lies an irregularly
quadrate blotch of pale yellow marked with orange sjiecks, the veins also orange
across it; another broken blotch lies on vein I between the two lines; a slight
grey patch on costa at apex, and a dark shade vertical from anal angle indicate
(he submarginal line ; fringe deep olive-brown at base, paler at tips, with a
bronzy line between and a fine line of ]iale scales along margin at their base ;
cell-spot linear.
Ilimhriii(f : with the outer line dcntatc-lunnlate, the space within it bronzy
brown ; cell-spot linear.
( 367 )
Underside of forewing fiipoons .are}', with a lilau tinge, aud the blotch beyond
cell qnite plain : hindwing ]ialer, with grey striations.
Head, thorax, and abdomen all olive-fnscous.
Expanse of wings : 30 mm.
2 ? ? from Limbani, Carabaya, OOUO ft., Febrnary and March 10i)4 (Ockenden).
In the second example the pale blotches are mnch interrupted and smaller. The
species is closely allied to A. fi//j/morm Warr., from Pern.
Genus Azelina (ineu.
In introducing the genus J'ero, I find that Herrich-Schaeffer as.signs to it the
possession of simple antennae in the tj. The employment of (jtience's Azelina for
these species and oi Fero for those with pectinated antennae is therefore incorrect;
and as Guenee in introducing Azelina says " antennas variables," I shall in future
invert the use of these generic terms, usiug Azelina Guen. for the species with
])ectinated antennae in the cJ, with poaphilaria Guen., to which he expressly
refers, as type.
140. Azelina geminipuucta spec.
nov.
Fcirewinq : with the basal and marginal areas dark grey ; the broad central
area olive-fulvous, brighter towards costal and inner margins, shaded with grey
below median ; the lines dark brown ; first oblique from one-fourth of costa, edged
inwardly with fulvous on costa, forming a rounded projection above median and
another below submedian, vertical between ; outer line from four-fifths of costa
to three-fourths of inner margin, slightly and roundly projecting beyond cell and
on submedian fold, bisinuate before inner margin ; preceded by a dark brown shade
with straight inner edge; cell-spot formed of two black superimposed dots,
surrounded by white scales ; the grey immediately beyond outer line paler, with
traces of a dark line i^arallel to the outer line ; extreme apex fulvous-tinged ;
fringe dark grey ; costal edge and the two grey areas with line dark striae.
[liniliniKj : brownish fuscous with a dark i)aler-edged curved line from just
above anal angle ; a fulvous patch along submedian fold above the line, the anal
area grey below it ; fringe fulvous.
Underside obscurely fuscous ; forewing in centre towards costa fulvous, tlie
edge dotted with black ; cell-spot white ; of the hindwing dark with whitish edge.
Head, thorax, and abdomen dark grey ; legs j)ale.
Expanse of wings : 35 mm.
4 <?c? from Huancabamba, Cerro de Pasco, Peru, 6 — 10,00u ft. (Biittger); very
much like ^1. vtdpecula Dogn., but smaller and darker.
141. Cartellodes olivaria spec. nov.
l-'oreirinq : olive-drab, deeper towards hindmargin, finely striated throughout
with darker ; lines pale yellow ; first curvetl from oiie-fonrlh of costa to one-thiid
of inner margin, outwardly edged with orange; outer line straight from three-"
fifths of inner margin towards apex, acutely angled on vein 7 and retracted to
costa, where it is followed by a white spot; on veins G and 7 the line is marked
by a black acutely white-tijiped dash ; it is edged inwardly with orange ; a
slight brown cell-spot ; costa aud veins yellowish bull' ; fringe yellowish with
brown base.
( 368 }
Jlu'(hrh«i : with the line central.
Underside ])ale yeUow, with ii diffuse jniri)lish fuscous border, not reaching
inner luaijjin ; the extreme margin and fringe pale yellow.
Thorax and abdomen pale grey; head darker grey; shoulders ocbreons like
costal border ; collar dark brown ; abdomen below and legs yellnvv.
Expanse of wings : 3ii mm.
1 S from Pozuzu, Hnanuio, Pern, '.)iiii ni. ( W. Hoffmanns).
Forewing with fovea.
14J. Certiina leucaniata spec. nov.
Fore/riiKj : pale fawn-colour, towards base and along costal region overspread
with rusty brown ; the veins all finely darker and the interspaces filled with
horizontal light and dark lines, as in many species of Leacania ; the lines marked
only by vein-spots; the inner line obliijue outwards from one-fourth of costa to
two-fifths of inner margin, marked by distinct black spots inwardly pale-tij)ped ;
the second line of sjiots close to hindmargin,- the sjiots small, preceded by a dark
rusty brown shade from five-sixths of costa to two-thirds of inner margin ; cell-spot
black ; the marginal area is really grey, thickly dusted with rufous scales ; fringe
the same.
Hindwing : cream-colour, with black cell-sjjot and outer line of black spots
close to margin, which beyond the spots is dusted witli rufous ; inner margin with
ochreous hairs.
Underside cream-colonr, rust-coloured along costa of forewing, and with a S(juare
blotch of the same before outer line of spots : hindwing dusted with rusty scales
and with a rusty submarginal band ; cell-spot and outer line of spots as above.
Head and thorax rusty brown, patagia paler; abdomen like hindwings.
Expanse of wings : -fiJ mm.
3 (JcJ from Huancabamba, Cerro de Pasco, Pern, (i— I0,UU0 ft. (BiJttger).
143. Cnephora catocalaria spec. nov.
Forewing : olive-green, dusted with bluish white scales, most thickly at base
and along costal and inner margins ; the lines plum-coloured on costa, becoming
ulive-greeu below and marked by a fine edging of pale scales ; the streaks on costa
thick and oblique outwards, at one-fourth, one-half, and three-fourths ; the first
line forming slight projections outwards above and below median vein ; the outer
sharply angled on vein 7, then irregularly waved to three-fonrths of inner margin ;
submarginal line zigzag, bluish white, starting from a fourth jilum-coluured sjiot
before apex ; cell-s]iot black, distinct : fringe greenish, mottled witli white between
veins and plum-colour beyond them.
Jlindirinq : yellow-ochreons in basal two-thirds, sulfused with dull fulvous
and dark speckled beyond a dark postmedian line parallel to hindmargin ; cell-spot
black ; anal angle greenish speckled with whitish; fringe fulvous beyond a dull
green marginal line.
Underside of forewing yellow, tinged and speckled towards costa with fulvous-
oraugc ; a white costal blotch before apex edged with fulvous-brown ; traces of
a pale straight outer line ; cell-spot black ; fringe olive-brown mottled with white :
hindwing deeper yellow thickly dappKd with orange-fulvous; marginal area darker,
shaded with pale liluc towards anal angle; inner margin wholly pale yellow, with
the fringe fulvous.
( 369 )
Vertex, thorax, patagia, anil dnrsuin olive-greeii ; the hair of tlie patagia
sprinkled with pale scales ; antennae green, speckled with white towards liase ;
face, pectus, and abdomen beueath deep orange-fulvous ; legs deep fulvous, marked
with black and white scales at the joints ; palpi brownish fulvous.
Expanse of wings : 44 mm.
1 S from Hnancabamba, C'erro de Pasco, Peru, 0— 1ii,UIM) ft. (Biittger).
Colpodonta gen. nov.
Foreiriiig : costa straight, with a slight inflection beyond middle ; apex blunt ;
hindmargin irregularly oblique outwardly to vein 4, then inwardly, forming two
deep sinuses on each side of vein 3, which forms a similar ]irojectiou outwards
between them.
Uiiuhc'uiij : with hindmargin curved, creuulate in upjier half.
Antennae of cJ simple ; palpi porrect, short ; thorax and pectus thickly haired.
Neuration : forewiug, cell half as long as wing ; discocellular concave ; first
median nervule a little beyond middle, second close to third ; radials normal ;
7, 8, U stalked ; 10, 11 se[)arate, 11 anastomosing with 12, and 10 with 11 ; hind-
wing costal shortly approximated to subcostal ; 3 and 7 close to angles of cell.
Type: Colpodonta pi inienta Dogn. (Azeliiia) — phyllodontaria Warr.
The diagnosis of the genus was omitted in Not. Zool. xi. p. 569, where the
type species was described under the name oi phijUodontaria.
■ 144. Euclysia ochrivitta spec. nov.
Forewing : lilac-grey, covered with indistinctly darker slender transverse
striatious ; costal edge narrowly pale ; no cell-spot or inner line visible; the outer
line takes the form of an ocbreous band from costa just before apex to inner
margin before anal angle, bent at middle, the upper half obli(iue inwards, the
lower vertical ; from vein 2 to 4 the outer edge of the band is jiale brown ; fringe
lilac-grey tinged with brownish, white-tipped between the veins, which rnn out
into small sharp teeth.
Iliiidwing : with the ocbreous band straight ; the veins, as in forewing, paler.
Underside paler.
Head, thorax, and abdomen pale grey, the abdomen somewhat darker.
Expanse of wings : 60 mm.
1 S from Yungas de la Paz, Bolivia, September 1809, 1000 m. (Garlepp).
The angle at vein 4 in both wings prominent. The species is closely related
to Eticlijsia carmata, from Santo Domingo, S.E. Pern, described by me as a
I'hijllodonta in Nov. Zool. xi. p. 166.
145. Eutomopepla albicoUaris spec. nov.
Forewing: uniform fawn-colour, sjieckled with darker; lines very obscnre ;
a median from a dark costal sj)ot just beyond middle, and a submarginal from a
similar spot before apex to close before anal angle ; a black cell-spot : fringe rufous,
silvery white in the excisions below middle ; costa slightly ocbreous.
Hindwing : with both lines more distinct; hiudmargia from middle to anal
angle blackish ; fringe rufous, tijiped with white between the veins.
Underside bluish grey in basal two-thiids, marginal third olive grey-brown ;
fringe reddish.
( 370 )
Face aud collar uchreous grey, vertex and shoulders white ; thorax and
ahdomen like wings ; legs whitish, flecked with blackish.
Expanse of wings : 411 — 44 mm.
2 cJcJ from C'hanchamayo, Pern (Schuuke).
Geitouia gen. nuv.
Allied to Anifiojjenix Warr., differing from tliat genus as follows : the
forewing has a small fovea at base ; the antennae, which are quite simple and
filiform, even in the c?, are fonr-tifths of the length of the wing ; veins lu and 11
rise separate, 11 anastomosing with 12, and lo with 11, and again at a point
with 8, U.
Type : Guitoiiia ijraciUlinea s])ec. uov.
146. Geitonia gracililinea spec. nov.
Forcifiny : dark red-brown, witli deeper transverse striae; costa with small
white streaks ; first line at one-fourth, very indistinct, outcnrved above and below
median ; outer line very fine, white, from costa close before apex to just before
anal angle, obscurely dentate but forming one di.stinct outward angle on vein 7,
followed by a dull greenish space traversed by a dark grey lunulate line ; a grey
spot at apex ; cell-spot large, dull green, with a dark centre; fringe concolorous.
llnidiriiKj : similar: the green lieyond outer line more extensive ; traces of a
dark centre line, which probably exists also in the forewing, when fresh.
Underside pale grey-brown, darker speckled, and dark brown along hind-
margins ; outer line marked by dark and light specks on veins.
Head and thorax black-brown : abdomen ])aler, like underside and legs.
Expanse of wings : 35 mm.
1 S fidiu Boqnete, Chiriqui, 3600 ft. (Watson).
I have seen another example, also a S, from Huatuxco, Vera Cruz.
1 47. Gynopteryx ligulifera spec. nov.
Forewing : dull yellow in the marginal area beyond the oblique outer line ;
ochreous, densely dusted and tinged with pale re<ldish brown in the basal two-thirds ;
the first line is diffuse and obscure, from one-third of costa running out to near
before the black cell-spot, then angled and oblii|ue inwards to about one-fourth of
inner margin ; outer line double, olive-brown from just before apex to beyond
middle of inner margin, broadening downwards, marked between the lines by white
dashes on the veins ; at vein 7 it is angled and shortly retracted to costa, followed
I'ronj tiie angle to apex by some whitish scales; submargiiial tine, grey, hardly
traceable ; fringe brown in basal half, whitish beyond.
IHiuhrimj : wholly dull yellow except the costal area, which is ochreous
slightly speckled ; a small cell-spot ; outer line at two-thirds, narrowed at each
end ; submarginal line ratlier plainer, bent above middle : fringe as in forewing.
Underside with the pale ground-colour almost hidden by dense brown striation ;
the two outer lines also dark- ; inner margin of both wiugs pale; apex of forewing
whitish.
Head and abdomen ochreous, speckled with darker, the dorsum yellow-tinged ;
thorax vellowish, the shoulders reddish ; abdomen beneath like underside of wings.
( 371 )
Expause of wings : 44 mm.
1 ? from Castro, Faraua (E. D. Junes).
I have seen auotlier ? from tlie same locality, but no Jc?.
148. Herbita castanea spec. nov.
Foirtci/ii/ : deep fulvous with coarse dark speckling ; costa snow-white flecked
with lilack ; Hrst line at one-fourth, from subcostal vein to inner margin, marked
by dull blackish blotches between the veins and smaller ones with whitish dashes
on them ; cell-spot black ; outer and submarginal lines Innulate-dentate, marked
by blackish white-tipped teeth on the veins, the luuules themselves hardly visible ;
the outer line starts from a large white costal spot, runs obliquely outwards to
vein 0, then inwards to three-fourths of inner margin, the tooth on vein 5 displaced
basewards, large and black ; a large semi-oval costal blotch, filled up with blackish
and grey scales and with brown scales along costal edge, the white costal spot
standing on its innei' edge ; fringe concolorous, with the tips white ; marginal
area beyond outer line slightly darker than the rest of wing.
IliitdiciiKj : with cell-spot and the two outer lines.
Underside pale fulvous with dark speckles ; cell-spots black, distinct ; outer
and submarginal lines lunulate-dentate, finely whitish and marked by white points
on veins, the space lietween them darker ; marginal area sprinkled with whitish
scales, forming a blotch at apex.
Face, vertex, and palpi whfte mixed with brown-grey ; back of vertex,
shoulders, patagia, and thorax bright fulvous ; abdomen fulvous ochreous, with
some dark spots on dorsum ; legs mottled brown and white.
Expanse of wings : .56 mm.
1 ? from Tuis, Costa Rica.
Mr. 8chaus has two examples, both ? ?, wliich he is unable to refer with
certainty to any of the known male forms.
140. Hygrochroma? cervinata spec. nov.
ForetriiKj : reddish fawn-colour with a few darker striae ; costa rather paler,
and with a white spot shortly before apex ; first line deeper fawn at oue-fourth,
forming small curves between the veins edged inwardly by some slightly lustrous
lilac scales ; outer line from costa before the white spot, obliipie outwards and
angled on vein 7, then oblique inwards, luuulate-dentate, to three-fifths of inner
margin, finely edged outwardly with lustrous lilac and followed by lustrous grey
scales before a thick black straight shade running from below angle of line ; a
dark fawn median shade, curved at costa and touching outer line on inner
margin ; a small grey cell-spot ; marginal area lilac-tinged ; fringe dark fawn.
JJiiif/niiii/ : with all the markings except first line, but fainter; cell-spot large,
round and black ; traces of a waved paler submarginal line.
Underside of forewing paler, more lilac-tinged, with dark striations ; inner
and median shades faint ; a straight brown thick outer line from apex to two-thirds
of inner margin, the margin beyond IVrruginous ; hindwing yellow with brown
speckling; traces of the lines towards costa; a round brown cell-spot.
Head, (iiorax, and abdomen like wings ; lace and i)alpi darker fawn-colour.
Expanse of wings : oO mm.
1 V from Canauche, Cundinamarca, Columbia, August 1903 (de Jlathau).
25
( 372 ^
l.iii. Ira capnodiata iili. reducta imv.
RatluT tiuiiiller iu {loiiit of si/.f, butli wings deeijer bruwii than in typiciil
capnodiata Gneu., with a darker median shade ; the white apical blotch only about
half as large, only just reaching below vein 7 ; the two dark blotches on inner
margin at the end of the lines entirely absent.
Expanse of wings : 48 mm.
'i S S from Chanchamayo, Peru (Schuuke).
These came with several others of the type form ; it is probably merely
a local aberration, as I do Jidt reniembiT to have seen exam])les fnim other
lucalities.
151. Ira crenulata spec. nov.
Forewing : olive-browu ; the space between the inner and outer lines, except
along costa and on inner margin, fuscous brown ; first line cnrved and marked by
white point.s on veins, from one-fourth of costa to one-third of inner margin ;
outer line lunulate-dentate, obliipie inwards from the costal blotch to the sub-median
fold, then running outwards, marked by white points on tiie veins ; cell-spot
small, black, in a grey ring ; costal streak olive-brown, costal edge in basal half
dotted with white ; costal blotch before apex ronghly semicircular, brownish
ochreous with small brown clouds externally and there whitish-edged ; from the
outside of it a slightly marked darker dentate submarginal line descends to before
anal angle ; fringe brown.
Ilindwing : olive-browu, darker before postmedian line at two-thirds.
Underside grey-brown speckled with dark, the outer line thick ; marginal
area in both wings rufous brown ; costa of forewing with a white spot before apex.
Head and thorax olive-browu ; abdomen and legs greyer brown, the legs
mottled dark.
Expanse of wings : 52 mm.
1 6 from Huancabamba, Cerro de Pasco, Peru, (i— lii,(MiO ft. (Bottger).
Distinguished by the crenulate hindmargin of both wings ; the forewing
slightly projecting beyond cell, the liindwiug with a small blunt tooth at vein 4.
152. Isochromodes denotata.
Ixuchroiiioiles auxiliaiis ib. i/iiioliila'WaTT., Xuf. Zn,tl.x\. p. 147 J (1904).
AVhen describing this species I had :} c?c? of the type form and a single ?,
which was then treated, doubtfully, as an aberration. Another example of the
latter, a c?, has at last arrived, and there is not much doubt that c/mofafo must
be considered as a distinct species, not an aberration.
c?. Fori'iciui/ : greyish ochreous (not wood-brown as in auxilia)is J) dusted with
darker ; the costa with grey striae and brownish at base ; first line from nearly
one-third of costa to beyond one-third of inner margin, bent outwards in cell and
again on submedian vein, vertical or concave outwards between, finely black,
accompanied by brown scales outwardly, and ])receded by a grey line ; outer line
from five-sixths of costa to two-thirds of inner margin, shortly obliijuc outwards,
angled on vein 7 and below 4, concave between, concisely black, followed by a grey
shade ; median line greenish mixed with brown, and with blackish scales towards
inner margin, oblique outwards to 0, then vertical to 4, thence wavy and slightly
( 373 )
iiitni'ved to inner margin close to outer line ; a slight dark cell-spot ; some gre)'
markings at apex and two >s between 2 and 4 ; marginal Hue tine, Mack ; fringe
concolorous.
llindwii/i/ : witli median and outer lines only; the marginal area browner
throughout, as also in forewing.
Underside much juiler, the markings indistinct, except the outer line and
cell-spots.
Head, thorax, and abdomen all ocbreous ; collar and outside of palpi brown ;
face whitish ; basal and prae-anal segments of abdomen marked with brown scales.
The <S agrees with the ¥ in size, and was taken at the same place, Santa
Uomingo, S.E. Peru, in October 10(12 (Ockenden).
153. Microgonia aflSnis ab. intensa nov.
In specimens of this species from Peru there is a tendency for the lilac scales
to become whitish and the dark striae blackish. In the S <$ the contrast is not so
conspicuous, but in one ? tjie whole of the basal and marginal areas of forewing
is blackened, except the large pale round spot on inner margin beyond outer line,
and the whole hindwing is blackish. In the coloration of the underside there is
no differe-icei
2 cjcj from Huaucabaniba, L'erro de Pasco, Peru, 6 — Io,i)00 ft. (Bcittger), and
1 ? from 8anto Domingo, Caraliaya, >S.E. Pern, 6000 ft., June VMi, dry season
(Ockenden).
154. Microgonia alternata spec. nov.
Foreiriiiq : pale fawn-colour, sometimes with a slight violet-grey suffusion ;
a few fine dark striae along costa ; the lines a little darker, but generally faint;
basal line ontenrved, from one-fourth of costa to fully one-third of inner margin ;
outer line straight from three-fifths of inner margin towards apex, acutely angled
on vein 7 and retracted to costa, where it is thickened and brownish ; externally
it is often marked with slight white dashes on the veius; in one case the line
is olive-brown and distinct, preceded by a dark shade ; above the retracted
portion on the costa is an oval space of ground-colour edged by whitish scales,
the outer margin bilobed ; a dark shade along bindmargin, and a slight dentate-
lunuhite submarginal shade ; a small dark cell-spcit, beyond which a faint median
line curves, followed by a broad shade, both phxiner in the darker examples;
fringe fawn.
lliiidwimj : with the line central; tlie costal area paler; beyond the line
a coal-black bilunate blotch, followed by a curved black streak connected with tlie
faint submarginal shade ; the pale costal area generally black-speckled.
Underside brighter, the marginal area brown : an outer dark line, dotted
on the veins, angled aliove vein <1 \\\ the forewing atid outcurved in the hindwing,
the basal areas black-speckled ; inner margin of forewing ]iiile ochreous, with a large
round coal-black blotch beyontl outer line, and a pale whitish-edged apical i)atch.
Tborax and abdomen coucoh)rou8 with wings; face, jialpi, and collar browner;
vertex snow-white ; legs fawn-colour speckled with fuscous.
Ex])anse of wings : do — 75 mm.
'i i i from Dominica, West Indies (E. A. Agar).
( a-4 )
A veiT fiuuuth-lookiiiL;' iusei^t : the himlmai'giu of hiiulwiug is bluntly bent at
luiJdle. Ill the white vertex ami the black marldugs on iii)[)erside of hiiulwiug
it resembles n'^/ilia Cram., from which it is distiuguished by the large black
blotch ou forewiiig beueath.
155. Microgonia coarctata spec uov.
FoirtciiKj : olive-browu iu median area, the basal aud marginal fields being
filled with black-brown sufl'nsion, the base itself cinereous olive; lines black-brown ;
first from nearly one-third of costa to just before middle of inner margin, faintly
outcurved above and below median ; outer line from three-fourtlis of costa, obliiiue
outwards to veiu 7, there acutely angled and oblique inwards, nearly straight, to
near middle of inner margin close to first line ; costal area olive-ochreous, greyer
towards base, and spotted with grey ; the outer line followed ou costa by a pale
spot ; cell-spot black, lying in a dark blotch which fills iij) the cell ; submargiual
line marked by slight pale dashes ou veius ; some white scales before apes ; fringe
olive-rufous, the tips white.
Hindwhiij : with the straight line slightly autemedian ; au obscure blackish
zigzag submargiual line ; i'riuge rufous, with white tips.
Underside drab, densely striated with fuscous ; cell-spots black ; marginal area
of forewiug blackish, with a pale waved submargiual line.
Head, thorax, aud abdomen dark cinereous olive ; the patagia very long.
Expanse of wings : 44 mm.
1 cJ from Hnancabamba, Cerro de Pasco, Peru, 0 — 10,0nu ft. (BOttger).
The ai^ex of forewiug is minutely produced, the hindmargin bowed.
15(3. Microgonia crepusculata spec. nov.
Foretcing : greenish ochreous, densely suffused and striated witli olive-fuscous
and brown ; the Hues thick, brown : first from costa before one-third, bent in cell,
then vertical, forming two lunnles above aud one below the snbmedian vein : the
basal area within it suffused with olive-brown ; outer line from three-fifths of inner
margin straight towards ai>ex, angled on vein 7 and retracted to costa, velvety olive-
brown ; a broad olive-brown median shade beyond the dark cell-s]iot, hiding the
Btriations ; marginal area filled with olive-fuscous suffusion except a large pale
patch on inner margin before anal angle aud a variably paler shade before margin ;
fringe olive-brown.
llindiciiHj : with the line central, bent at veiu IJ ; the whole wing suU'used with
olive-browu except a subquadrate patch at apex, bounded inwardly by a dull
blackish blotch and traversed by the irregularly waved brown submargiual line,
which through the darker portion of the wing is jjreceded by a paler tint ; fringe
olive-brown.
Underside dull fuscous with au olive tinge, striated with dark and suffused
with darker beyond outer line ; submargiual shade dark, deutatc-liiuulate ; an outer
line in hiudwing dentate, iu neither wiug corresponding to that of uppcrside.
Head, thorax, and abdomen dull olive-fuscous.
Expanse of wings : 7o mm.
1 cJ from Uomiuica, West Indies (E. A. Agar).
The lines aud shape of wings arc like M, rluxhi. i'.utler from (,'hili, but the
coloration is quite ditlerent.
( 375 )
157. Microgonia praeditaria ab. rufa nov.
This form differs from Herrich-Schaeffer's species in being entirely of a bright
rnfons instead of ochreons ; the speckling is less conspicuous, and the inner line
almost absent ; the oiitnr line is deeper red, edged with a pale line, and the
fringe is red, not dark brown as in the type. The underside of the wings and
the thorax and abdomen are slightly paler red ; the head and collar dark grey, as in
the type form.
The example, which is a c? of normal size, came ahing with two nthers from
Cananche, Cliindinamarca, Colombia, Septeml)er lOiiS (de JIatlian).
158. Microxydia gigantula spec. nov.
Forcwinfi : pale yellow, sjirinklcd with brown atoms ; first line indistinct,
probably variable, bent in cell, then vertical to one-third of inner margin ; an
equally obscure cell-spot ; outer line curved from three-fifths of inner margin
towards apex, above vein 0 darkened and angled, retracted to eosta, followed by a
triangular costal blotch, all chestnut brown ; the line itself is follnwed by a brown
shade forming a band, and is marked indistinctly on veins by blackish pale-tipped
dashes ; fringe yellow, tinged with darker in the middle.
Hiiidiciiig : paler, especially towards costa ; the outer liaml running fmm inner
margin only to vein 6.
Underside deeper yellow: the brown markings duller; band of hindwing
complete, bent, inner margin of both wings whitish.
Thorax and abdomen yellow ; face and vertex whitish.
Expanse of wings : 30 mm.
1 ¥ from Limbani, Carabaya, S.E. Pern, 95u0 ft., April 1904, dry season
(Ockenden), a third as large again as orsitaria Guen., and of different shape.
159. Microxydia pumaria spec. nov.
Forpwing: sandy rufous, thickly packed witii grey-brown striae; the costal and
hindmargins slightly darker; the two lines brown ; the first at one-third, curved ;
the outer from nearly three-fourths of costa to two-thirds of inner margin, faintly
sinnous, being a little outcurved just below costa and incurved on submedian fold ;
followed by small but distinct pale dots on the veins ; the inner line is preceded by
similar, but less distinct dots ; cell-sjiot brown ; fringe rather paler than ground-
colour, but grey at base.
Hindwing : with outer line only, from two-thirds of costa to above anal angle,
hardly curved ; cell-spot brown.
Underside paler, less rnfons ; the marginal area darker ; cell-spots distinct ; an
outer brownish line on both wings parallel to hindmargin throughout.
Head, thorax, and abdomen concolorous with wings ; face somewhat darker.
Expanse of wings : 27 mm.
1 S from Poznzo, Department llnannco, Peru (Hoffmanns).
Id I. Pergama dissimilis spec. nov.
Tlie type form oi pumaria Feld. is greyish fawn throughout in the forewing; in
(linKimitifi tliO basal portion as far as outer line is sutTused with dark purplish grey
or brown, the marginal area, in striking contrast to it, being bright pale oclireons
( ■'570 )
with a fow olive clonils. The hindwinj;, which in tiip type is morn or less yellowish,
is also oehreous, but of a deeper tone than in the forewing.
On the iniderside the contrast of colours is equally marked, the dark outer
portions of both wings being of a rich deep golden brown.
The thorax and patagia are dark purplisli grey like the basal snfTusinn of fore-
wing, the abdomen agreeing in coloration with the hindwing.
1 d from t'hanchamayo, Peru (Schuuke).
161. Pero externata spec nov.
Fon'iriiaj : dark greyish fawn-colour, a broad pale ochreous costal binlch
lying lietwecn tiie two lines, and the central fascia tlironghont in its outer half
tinged with oehreous ; tlie two lines dark brown, botli nearer than usual to
hindmargin ; the first oblii|ue outwards from just before middle of costa, nearly
touching the small white hyaline cell-sjiot, reaching inner margin just before middle,
the projection below the median vein slight, preceded by a deeper grey tinge; onter
line from five-sixths of costa to three-fourths of inner margin, slightly incurved
between vein 5 and the submedian fold, forming there outward lunules between the
veins and teeth pointing inwards ui)on them ; indistinct traces of a dark line
hcyiind and parallel to it ; a dark ajiical streak, and black submarginal dots.
Ilii!<l'iiiiy : dark gre_\ish fiiwn, with an oehreous anal tinge and two dark lines
from inner margin, that close above anal angle running across wing to costa before
apex, the upper one soon lost in the grey of the wing.
Underside paler grey, the outer line in both wings distinct, lilackish lirown,
and marked more plainly liy dark vein-spots ; the pale oclireous costal blotch of
forewing shown; hindwing with an ocelloid cell-spot.
Head, thorax, and abdomen grey ; the face and shoulders paler, more oehreous.
Expanse of wings : 27 mm.
1 c? from Castro, Parana (E. i). Jones).
Forewing toothed at veins 3 and 6 ; antennae of S sim}ily lamellate.
The species may be distinguished from miitiinu Butler by the more exterior
position of the two lines of forewing.
102. Pero ravida sjiec. nov.
Foreiviiiy : flesli-coloured grey dusted with darker ; but the whole basal
two-tliirds of wing as far as outer line filled up with dark velvetv purplish
brown, except the costal region, whicli remains of the ground-colonr, but with a
strong purplish suffusion ; lines black ; first from hardly one-fourth of costa,
forming the usual blunt jirojection above median vein, then obli(|ue inwards
forming a sligiit curve, and obsolete below submedian vein ; outer line from two-
thirds of costa to two-thirds of inner margin forming two slight outward curves
on the two folds with an equally slight sinus between them ; the dark grey striae
ibrni a sort of band beyond tlie line and a broad shade along outer margin from
apex to middle, with a few <lark patches on veins in the paler space between
the two shades; cell-spot linear, vertical, hyaline white; fringe dark grey above,
jiinkish grey towards anal angle : a single submarginal dark dot between veins 2
and '■^.
lliiiiliriiKj : iiinkish grey, darker iVom liase to onter line, whicli is i)ale witli
a dark inner edge ; fringe pinkish grey with paler basal line.
( 377 )
Underside smooth, dark brown ; inner margin of forewing glossy ochrcous ;
cell-spot as above ; outer line pale, starting from a pale rostal spot, followed by
a broad shade with straight defined outer edge, between which and the margin
is a triangular pale blotch above anal angle : hindwiug darker brown ; cell-sjiot
large, black, edged and crossed by ochreons scales ; onter line ochrcous ; a blackisJi
blotch at anal angle.
Head, shoulders, and abdomen dark red-brnwn; patagia deep velvety brown
like the centre of forewing ; pectns and underside of abdomen red-brnwn; all tlie
legs olive-ochreous, unspeckled, the spurs with black rings.
Expanse of wings : cJ 02 mm. ; ? 48 — ;j(i mm.
2 cJc?, 2 ?? from Limbani, Carabaya, S.E. Peru, Or.iio ft., April 1904, dry
season (Ockenden).
Fore and hindwing without projections, but with minute denticulations of thi-
fringe beyond veins ; one ? is smaller and paler,
103. Perusia verticata spec. nov.
Fomrini) : pale straw-yellow, covered with faint olive striae ; costa streaked
with olive-brown ; first line faint, from one-fourth of costa to two-fifths of inner
margin, thick and bulged above and below median vein ; a faint cell-mark ; an
olive-brown band vertical from anal angle to costa, where it widens out towards
apex : it is marked by a curved series of dark vein-dots, that on vein 0 black and
wedge-shaped, projecting outwards, another above vein 7 nearer ajiex, foilownl
to apex by whitish and grey scales ; fringe concolorous.
IJiiif/wi/u/ : whiter, straw-colour only towards inner margin, with faint traces
of 11 curved submarginal line.
Underside whitish straw-colour ; the band of forewing brown ; costa brown at
base ; hindwing with a submarginal row of vein-dots.
Head, thorax, and abdomen concolorous,
Expanse of wings : 24 mm.
1 f? from Huancabamba, C'erro de Pasco, Peru, 6400 ft. (Brittger).
l'J4. Pyriuia abditaria ^'fc. nnv.
Forcwinrj : dull deep re<l, crossed by very obscure deeper red bands; inner
band at one-third, broad, its outer edge strongly angled on median vein at end of
cell ; two outer bands, submarginal and near together, narrower, and jiarallel to
hindraargin : fringe deep red at base, with the tips pale : costa yellowish with short
dark streaks.
Hinrlicing : with ground-colour lighter, passing into fulvous towards inner
and hindmargins ; a postmedian deep red band, and a broader submarginal one,
preceded by a narrow red line ; fringe as in forewing.
Underside fulvous yellow with snnie red striae; the angle of t he inner baud
shown in midwing ; a broad curved submarginal band ontwanlly Innnlate or
dentate, with some violet scales in middle: hindwing almost without striae, with the
three lines very distinct.
Head, thorax, and abdomen red ; face and jialpi lielow yellowish.
Expanse of wings : 24 mm.
1 $ from Chanchamayo, Peru, August lOtil (Garlepp).
( 378 )
Ki-'i. Pyrinia hemixantha spec. nov.
Forc?fi/>ff : (\ee\) yeUovf m basal lialf, with a slin-lit olive tins;e towards costa,
tlic striae at rosta lirown, below orange ; a slij;lit brown sjiot at eii<l of cell, and
another obliqnelj below it towards base; onter half of wing' juirplisb brown,
diffnsely edged internall)', with a small Instrons blotch oii costa before apex and
containing towards anal angle a deep blackish blotch ; fringe brown with a yellow
sjiot at apex.
llindwing : deep yellow with orange striations ; a slight central line, and
deejier marginal border, becoming deep brown at apex : fringe orange.
Underside the same, the marking.s clearer ; costal sjiot of forewing silvery.
Head, thorax, and abdomen yellow.
Expanse of wings : 'Z\ ram.
1 S from Cnzco, Pern, Ajiril 1001 (Garlepp).
Near P. evbajike Feld.
IfiO. Pyrinia hiimerata spec. nov.
Foreicini/ : pale clear yellow, towards apex and hindmargin tinged with rosy
brownish, the extreme apex dark brown ; a small dark cell-spot ; a donble reddish
lilac line from vein 7 close before apex to beyond middle of inner margin, the space
between the two arms darker yellow ; fringe rosy brown.
Iliiulwinq : with the donble line central; marginal area with a few dark
specks.
Underside flushed with darker yellow ; the two lines represented by deep pnrple
streaks, not reaching below vein 1 ; the streak in forewing broadening downwards,
that in hindwing commencing broad on costa and thinning otV.
Face and vertex greyish brown ; thorax, abdomen, legs, and jialpi pale yellow.
Expanse of wings ; 44 mm.
1 ? from Santo Domingo, ( "arn.baya, S.E. Pern, noiiO ft., October lOnS, dry
season (Ockendeu).
JjWie pliolat a Gnen., but much larger ; and with a strong shoulder iif one-fonrth
from l)ase of costa of forewing.
I('i7. Pyrinia tenuilinea s])ec. nov.
Forpirii)(i : coppery fnlvons, sntfnsed witii olive, the a))ical third dark brownish
olive; costal edge pale ochreous with tine oblique black marks; the costal area
above subcostal vein more olive-ochreons : the whole wing with fine dark transverse
striae; lines dark, but very fine ; first from a dark spot at one-third of costa to
two-fifths of inner margin, outbent above and below median vein; onter line from
shortly before apex ,to three-fourths of inner margin, waved, only visible above
inner margin, the rest being lost in the dark suffusion; it is followed on costa by
a small lustrous spot below an ochreous one ; from the extreme apex a submarginal
line starts to anal angle, but is scarcely trainable ; IVinge di-ep fulvous, with a jiale
spot at apex.
IlindwiiK) : briglit co]i])ery fulvous, widiout Ihe olive tint; a tine slightly
curved line just beyond middle, not reaching above vein 7, and another from
apex to anal angle ; at the apex a small brown (dond ; fringe bright fulvous.
Underside bright fulvous ; forewing with :i dark Imiwu submarginal shade fron}
( 379 )
fipex to anal angle marked below costa l)y a lustrous spot : fringe and marginal
line black-brown, the fringe fnlvons towards apex and anal angle : hindwing with
the two lines of npperside rcprodnced.
Head, thorax, and abdomen bright fnlvons ; face darker, white at base.
Expanse of wings : 20 mm.
4 c?c? from Cananche, Cniidinamarca, Colombia, Angnst 1902 (de Mathan).
Distingnished from incensata Wlk., to which it bears great ontward resemblance,
strncturally bj' the absence of the fovea in forewing; the lines are slender and
waved, instead of being straight and thick, and the apical cloud is much more
conspicuous.
Stenodonta gen. no v.
Foreicing : elongate ; costa nearly straight, convex at base and before apex,
inflexed bej-ond middle ; apex produced ; hindmargin toothed at vein 0 and bluntly
elbowed at 3, straight from 6 to 3, concave below.
Jlitxlirin;/ : hindmargin shortly toothed at vein 3, and slightly at 6.
Antennae (?) serrate; palpi porrect, terminal segment small; tongue and
frcnnlnra present.
Xciiratioii : forewing, cell more than half as long as wing ; discocellular vertical,
short, the subcostal and median veins being inflected ; first median at two-fifths,
second close before third ; lower radial from a little below the upper ; 7, 8, H
stalked; Hi, 11 free; 11 approximating to 12 but not anastomosing ; In anastomosing
at a point with 8, '■) : hindwing, costal and subcostal approximated for half cell ;
veins 3 and 7 just before angles.
Type : St('no(lonta iiiciivvdtii spec. nov.
Allied to the Vcio gronji, but of weaker structure.
168. Stenodonta incurvata spec. nov.
ForciruKj : pale brown ; the lines dark brown, dififnse, thickened at costa; first
curved from one-fourth of costa to one-fourth of inner margin ; second from five-
sixths of costa incurved to middle of inner margin : cell-spot blackish, at top end of
discocellular ; fringe concolorous.
Tlindiri/Hj : paler, brown only towards anal angle, where there are traces of a
dark outer line.
Underside of forewing paler, of hindwing darker brown ; cell-spots and outer
lines shown.
Head, thorax, and abdomen brown.
Expanse of wings : 32 mm.
1 ? from Suncha Corral, Santiago del Estero, Argentina (Steinbach).
( .3811 )
NEW AFRICAN TIIYEIBIDAE. VBAXIIDAE, AND
GEOMETBIBAE.
By \V. WARREX, M.A., RES.
Family Til YI! I HI I iAE.
1- Banisia discata spec. nov.
I'oreiviixj : jiinkish oclireons, crossed by deeper oclirefnis waved lines, a few
of which are fiuely marked with black ; these are an intprrni>tc'd inner line, vertical
at one-third ; a median lino forked at each end, and tonching externally a small
nnmd black-edged spot at end of cell ; a waved outer line rnnning to anal angle,
and a short snbapical line ; small black marginal spots beneath apex ; fringe
conrolorons ; the middle of costa is marked by fonr pairs of small white dots.
Ilimliring : with a dark spot at end of cell and a smaller one in cell before
it, the lines tlirongii them uniting ou submediau fold in a black X-shai)ed marking.
Underside with all the markings more distinct.
Thorax and abdomen like wings ; head and palpi externally browner.
Expanse of wings : 17 mm.
1 (J from Durban, Natal (G. F. Leigh).
Family IHAMIDM:.
Sl-bfamilv EPIPLEMINAE.
'-'. Epiplema asinina spec nov.
ForeiriiHi : dirty grey, densely peppered with darker; costa at base blackish ;
lines dark brownish ; first at one-third, strongly angled ontwards on median vein;
outer line from three-fifths of costa, outwardly convex to vein 4, then concave to two-
thirds of inner margin, jireceded by a dilfuse darker shade, which at inner margin
forms a blackish bhitch ; a snbmarginal streak of dark brown spots edged inwardly
with black from apex to below middle ; fringe brown, with the base paler.
lUndirhiii : with the lines as in forewing, but the outer line more acutely
angled on vein 4, followed by a pale dark-edged line and preceded by a dark shade :
an irregular dark snbmarginal cloud; a brown, inwardly black-edged, marginal
shade from npper to below lower tooth, crossed below by three short white lines ;
a dark line on discoeellnlar ; fringe as in Inrewing.
Underside dingy brownish grey, dajipled and striated with darker.
Face and jialpi deep brown ; vertex, thorax, and alidnmen dark grey.
Expanse of wings : 'i'-S mm.
1 S from Natal.
A dull and iuconsi)icn(ins insect.
Forewing with hindmargin simjily curved : liindwing tdothed at veins 4 and 7.
Antennae with distinct clavato teeth, ferruginous.
( :58i )
'^' Epiplema fumigera sjiec. nnv.
Foi-eiciiiy : white ; a few small liliick dots along costa ; first line curved,
from one-fourth of costa to one-third of inner mar,u-in, but obscure and interrupted;
outer line from about tn-o-thirds of costa, oblique to vein 6 aud very obscurely
marked, then vertical to vein ;i and marked by black scales, thence oblique to
two-thirds of inner margin, eliestniit-bniwn : followed closely by a smoky brown
shade, and a blackish grey erect snl)margiiial band, rising from a black spot before
anal angle; all three are interrniited and almost obsolete above vein i>; some
dark scales before margin lieyond cidl. and bhiek >ubniarginal spots in upper half
of wing; fringe white.
llindwiny : white, with a double somewhat bracket-shaped pos(meilian line,
the inner arm darker, the outer lirownish grey, followed by a smoky brownish-grey
snbraarginal cloud, both stoi)i)ing short at vein , : dark grey lunnles along hind-
margin from upper to below lower tooth, the one beneath it with a black dot ;
fringe brownish grey, with white basal line ; some black dots on costa, and traces
of a basal line.
Underside white, with a black submarginal fascia, jilain in forewing, hardly
marked in hindwing ; a grey tinge along costa of forewing at base.
Head, thorax, antennae, abdomen, and legs white; palpi above, a bar at top of
face, and front of forelegs blackish.
Expanse of wings : ",'7 mm.
1 ? from Durban, Natal (G. F. Leigh).
Hindmargin of forewing entire ; of hindwing toothed at 4 and 7.
Nearest to K. (niAor(jci ^Varr.
4. Epiplema siibdistincta sjiec. nov.
Foreirimi : white; basal area very I'aintly fulvous-tinged, and with traces of
three or four outwardly curved lines ; outer line pale fnlvons, double, from beyond
middle of costa to two-thirds of inner margin, ontcurved above and with a small
indentation beyond cell, the inner arm with a black spot on it above vein 2 ; a
fulvous submarginal shade, swollen at middle, and not reaching costa ; fringe white,
below the middle fnlvons-tinged.
IJiiidiriiit) : with a fnlvons cjll-sjiot and dimlili' fulvous outer line bluntly
angled at vein 4, tin; inner arm, as in f )rcwing, with a black spot above vein 2,
the outer followed by a bright pale lustrous lino swnllen into a blotch at anal
angle, and this again by a fnlvons cloud reaching submarginal line at middle :
s)dimarginal line brown, indistinctly lunnlar, followed by a bright lustrous marginal
line; fringe white, tinged at middle with fnlvons; space between veins :{ and 4
somewhat fulvous.
Underside of forewing jiale fnlvons brown ; inner margin and fringe white :
hindwing white, with a dark s]Mit at base nf lower tooth.
Face, thorax, and abdomen white : dorsum with a grey tinge in middle ; palpi
dark at tips and externally.
Expanse of wings : 22 mm.
1 ? from Moyamba, Sierra Jjeoue (D. Cator).
Hindmargin of forewing evenly curved; of hindwing with a. small louih at
vein 4 M\\\.
( :!82 )
Family (ii:o}[KTRl DAK.
Subfamily OENOCHROMINAE.
Hypophracta gen. mof.
Sfrncture and general appearance of Conolopliia Warr. ; nenration identical;
inner mar£;in of hindwing in S withont cone of hairs ; but instead the fifth abdominal
segment is swollen beneath so as to form a ridge with Interal projections, armc 1
with short tnfts of hair; the sixth segment beneatli also bears a loss consj)icaons
ring of hairs ; the penultimate segment above has two lateral npcnrved tnfts ; and
the tnfts of the anal segment are strongly developed : the hind legs of the S
have a long pencil of hair on the inner side of the tibiae, rising from the femoro-
tibial joint.
Type : Hypopkractfi persiinilis spec. nov.
5. Hypophracta persimilis spec. nov.
Forciriiifi : bone-colonr tinged with pale brownish red and sjn-inkled with
fnscons atoms; the base and costal streak greyer ; first line vertical, from one-fourth
of costa to one-third of inner margin, marked by dark spots on the veins ; cell-spot
similar ; outer line straight and oblique, dark brown, from below four-fifths of
costa to two-thirds of inner margin, the central space preceding it paler, the
marginal beyond it darker than the rest of the wing ; submarginal line very obscnre,
marked (in the single example, which is not fresh) by a brown spot on costa and
a second below vein 7 ; a row of distinct brown marginal spots between the veins ;
fringe bone-colour.
Iliniiiriny : without first line ; the dark transverse line central, not reaching
above vein 6.
Underside paler, with nnmerons grey speckles ; cell-spots and onter lines grey ;
submarginal spots as above.
Head, thorax, and abdomen bone-colonred ; shonlders and base of patagia
brownish ; anal tnfts fuscous ; palpi black ; umlerside of abdomen and legs bone-
colour, grey- speckled ; tibial tuft ochreons ; lateral tnft of fifth segment internally
blackish.
Expanse of wings : 52 mm.
1 6 from Kavirondo, British East Africa, April I'.Hc.'.
Superficially scarcely distinguishable from Co/io/oj'/i/a conscitKria Wlk.
Subfamily ORTHOSTIXINAE.
Genus Derambila Wlk., xxvi. p. 10:1(1 (1862).
The genus was erected by Walker for a West African species, piaietisiipmta,
to which, if not, as I belie\T, identical, Butler's Rambftra piiella from Madagascar
mnst be closely allied.
There seems to me no real structural ditference between the African and Indian
insects ; and the name Drntiiiljila should stand fur Hninhitni Moore, the generic
term which was instituted to distinguish the Old Worhl species from those of the
American /ancloi/teri/x.
The genus Cluonopterj/x Snell., I'ijd. c. JCnt. 1873. p. 72, is probably only an
extreme development, if that, of JJerainbila .
( 383 )
(). Derambila costipunctata spec uov.
Foi-ewiny : silky white, semitransparent, the costa, as far as outer Hue, finely
aud evenly dotted with pale brown ; lines ochreons, formed by diflfase confluent
spots on the veins ; first from below one-fourth of costa, incurved to near base of
inner margin ; outer line starting from a brown spot at three-fourths of costa,
vertical and fine to vein 7, the spots on veins 5, 4, 3 evenly curved below it, liut
that on vein 6 displaced outwards, the rest of the line vertical from the base of
vein 3; a submarginal curved line of serai-confluent ochreons spots; a marginal
row of round black dots between veins; fringe wliite ; cell-spot large, brown, formed
of two confluent horizontal streaks.
Ilindicing : with the outer line outcurved at middle ; the submarginal line aud
marginal spots as in forewing ; no cell-spot.
Underside white, with the dark spot of forewing showing through.
Head, thorax, and abdomen all white; jialpi white, with the tips of each
segment ringed with black ; second and third segments of abdomen ringed with
brown ; foretibiae brown in front, the legs otherwise white.
Expanse of wings : 27 mm.
1 d from Moyamba, Sierra Leone, April 1U03 (Cator).
This must be near to Vambara thearki Swinh., but that species has the
frons brown, and a brown discal spot in hindwing ; and no submarginal bands are
mentioned.
T. Leptaletis variabilis ab. amplifiava nov.
Differs considerably from typical variabilis Butler, aud may be a distinct form.
Forewiiiy : yellow for two-thirds, the apical third black; in the outer half of
the yellow area are two large irregular white blotches, edged with black ; the upper
one occupying outer half of cell, forming a long oval, bisected longitudinally by
the black fold, and diftusely black-edged basewards ; the lower broader, extending
from vein 3 to 1, below which it is thickly black-edged, crossed by the fold and
vein 2, which are thickened with bliick basewards, and give that side of the blotch
a trilobed appearance; in the black apical third are two large confluent white
blotches between veins 4 and 8, and two smaller separate blotches towards margin
on each side of vein 3.
Himlu'ing : yellow; the end of cell white edged outwardly with black; the
black marginal baud with the white oval blotches runs from anal angle to vein 3,
where the black intervals become wedge-shaped and the white coloration runs up,
also wedge-shaped and edged with black, between the veins nearly to end of cell ;
apex of wing black, preceded in the yellow subcostal space by an elongated white
patch edged with blackish.
Underside the same, but the markings confused and without distinct edging.
Head, thorax, and abdomen black and white, abdomen below yellow.
Expanse of wings : 00 mm.
1 ¥ from Entebbe, Ugauda, July 1SU8 (Capt. Uattray).
^. Mimaletis albipennis spec. nov.
PoreiciiKj : white ; costal margin above subcostal vein black, with a streak
of grey scales below coslal edge to near middle; apical half of wing black, the
inner edge ill-detined, running from below middle of costa, faintly curved, to inner
( o8-4 )
Inargin before anal angle : in it ure three white blotches, one oval and oblique,
from the base of vein T to below middle of vein 5, the other two ronnded,
snbmarginal, one on each side of vein :i : fringe black.
Hiiifhciity : white, with bhuk marginal liorder, containing five white borseshoe-
shaped blotches between the veins, those beyond cell and in submedian space
smaller, the former partially, the latter wholly divided ; fringe black.
Underside the same.
Palpi whitish, with tiie terminal segment black : face white, with a black spot
above ; vertex white, with a black spot in middle ; shoulders black, with white
tips ; patagia black, with apical half yellow ; thorax white marked with black ;
abdomen white, with two rows of dorsal lilack spots, a lateral row, and a double
row nuderneath ; legs whitish, blackish in front, the tarsi yellowish.
Expanse of wings : o-' mm.
J ? from Mojamba, Sierra Leone (Catorj.
Slbkamily GEOMETUINAE.
i'. Agraptochlora analiplaga sjiec. nov.
Fon'/c/iii/ : green, coveied with jtale verniicniations ; costa yellowish, marked
with black-lirown striae towards base; a slight jiinkish brown mark on discocelluhir;
u dark brown blotch from anal angle directed towards cell-spot, and reaching
vein 2 ; fringe yellowish, beyond an ill-detined dark marginal line.
Ilindtciiiy : without the anal blotch, but with a brown streak along middle
of inner margin.
Underside whitish green, without markings.
Face and palpi ocbreons beneath ; palpi externally deep red ; upper part of
face and vertex deep red ; thorax and basal segment of abdomen green ; rest of
abdomen ochreous, the dorsum si)rinkled with brown, the crests dark brown ;
anfenual shaft dark brown.
Expanse of wings : 40 mm.
1 ? from Massasi, German East Africa.
It I. Antharmostes interalbicans Warr.
The sj)ecies was described by me originally from a S from Yakusu, Ujiper
(!ongo, yor. Zool. ix. p. 193 (1902). Two other examples, both SS, have arrived
since, in which the parts of the head and body are in better condition than in
the type ; and it seems advisable to make the following corrections. The head
and palpi are not black-brown, but the face is black, and the jialpi brown-red
above, pale below ; secondly, thi' dorsal surface of the alidomcn is marked on
each segment, cxcej)! the basal one, by red-brown sjiots with pale centres.
Both examples from I'opoto, I'jiper Congo, dated June 190] and December
1902 (Rev. K. Smith).
II- Eucrostes iiuduliliuca sjuc. nuv.
ForcH-iiKj : bright green; costal edge white; ccll-sjiot small and dark; two
very fine white cross-lines; first from one-fourth of costa to one-third of inner
inargin, outcurved above and below median vein ; outer line from three-fourths
of costa to anal angle, projecting angularly on vein 6 and broailly and blimtly
( 385 )
lietwceu 2 and 4, ami forming a siiiiis basewanls uii both fulds ; lrii)u:e pale green ;
wliitu marginal spots at end of veins.
UiinlwiiKj : with sliglit liruwn cell-spot and white marginal sjiots, but no line.
Underside ])ale green ; ibrewing with brown eeli-siiot and yellowish costa.
Head and tlnjrax green ; abdomen (greased) whitish ; antennae white with grey-
speckling ; legs white ; foretibiae in front marked with fuscous, foretarsi with
bright brown.
E.\i>anse of wings : IT mm.
1 S from Moyainba, Sierra Leone, March V.wi fCator).
The unusual course and shape of tlie outer line will distinguish the species.
12. Hypocoela uniformis spec. nov.
Like //. suhfidritia Warr. from "West Africa, but the underside of both wiugs
is unifoi-mly green like the ui)perside, with no shade of fulvous whatever; the
outer line of foren'iug and median of hindwing is simply a darker shade of green
than the ground-colour, not brown, and the fringe of both wings is dark brown
like the marginal shades : the hindwing beneath has a broad fuscous submargiual
fascia, as on nj)perside.
E.\panse of wings : 4it mm.
1 ? from Entebbe, Uganda, May lUW (Capt. Rattray).
13. Microloxia roseata spec nov.
Foiviciiiy : delicate pale green, the base and costal area jiale pink ; fringe
green, pink towards ajjcx.
niiidiring : pale pink, greenish only along inner margin.
Underside of forewing bright pink, greenish along inner margin ; of hindwing
greenish flushed with pink.
Head, antennae, thorax, and legs pink ; abdomen greenish white ; face pure
white ; pectus and forelegs bright pink.
Expanse of wiugs : 1 T mm.
1 S from the foot of Nieuwveld Mts., five miles N.W. of Beaufort AVest (Butt).
14. Phorodesma rubrimaculata spec. nov.
Forewiiiy : deep green shagrcened throughout with pale ; the costa, excejit
at extreme base, deep red dotted with blackish ; cell-spot diffuse, vinous, red with
a black centre ; two large marginal blotches vinous-red edged with blackish ; one
from vein 7 to below vein 5, bilunate ; the other at anal angle much larger ;
fringe pale green, tinged with vinous, almost wholly vinous beyond the red blotches,
and dee}>er beyond the vein-ends.
Iliii</u-iii(/ : with the cell-spot larger, the blotch on each side of vein o smaller;
the anal angle of both hindwiugs is broken off, but, judging from analogy, a small
red blotch there also may be surmised ; inner margin with a red streak.
Underside whitish green, the costal edge of forewing reddish ; fringe green,
tipped with red.
Antennae, vertex, upper half of face, palpi above, and front of forelegs deep
red : lower half of face and jialpi beneath greenish white : thorax and abdomen
pale green ; two basal segments of dorsum red, the rest blackish, with slight
crests ; legs and abdomen beneath shining greenish white.
( 386 )
lCx]janse vi' wings : 'M mm.
1 f? from Dnibaii, Natal (G. F. Leigh).
The costa of forewing has a short sharp shoulder at base : the pei.:tiiiations
of the anteuuae are decidedly longer ou the outer row than on the iuner.
Rhodesia gen. nov.
Forc/c/iii/ : au)i)le ; oosta somewhat curved; hiiidmaruiu couve.x ; anal angle
well marked.
llhiihrii'y : broad ; hindmargiu well rounded : aual angle si^uared.
Antennae of S bi)>eetiuate : of ? thick, snbserrate beneath : palpi well
developed, the third segment as long as second, decumbent, sjiatulute; tongue
slight ; thorax and abdomen stoutly built.
Xeuratioii: forewing, cell nearly half as long as wing; discucellular vertical
in upper third, theu concave; tirst median nervule at three-fourths, second close
before third ; lower radial from upper third of discocelhilar, upper stalked with
lU, 7, ^, 'J ; 11 anastomosing with 12 : hindwing, costal and subcostal anastomosing
for some little distance; ti, 7 stalked; discocelhilar oblique, radial from uppc"!-
third ; medians as in forewing.
Ty])e : Rhodesia viridalbata spec. nov.
Comibaeiia ulbociiidata Saalm. also belongs here.
15. Rhodesia viridalbata spec. nov.
Fon'wiiig : deep green ; costa chalk-white, speckled with fuscous and reddish
scales, the edge remaining pure white : lines and markings white ; tirst line from
one-fourth of costa to one-third of inner margin, waved, roundly jirojeiting outwards
above and below median vein and again below submedian ; below. the middle
preceded by white scaling, which forms a grey speckled blotch on inner margin ;
outer line concisely Innulate-dentate from nearly three-fourths of costa to two-thirds
of inner margin ; snbraargiual line re].resented by two white blotches with angled
edges, one beyond cell, the other at anal angle, both spriidded with dark scales;
a pale dash on vein 3 between them : a marginal series of large white triaugnlar
spots at the vein-ends, laterally confluent above the middle; a black marginal
Hue interrupted at the veins ; fringe white, with grey mottlings beyond v^ins ;
discocellular marked by a white spot at eacli end, the" lower the plainer, tending
to form a tine line.
Hindwing: the same, but the inner line represented by a white band, broadening
to middle of inner margin and marked with dark scales.
Underside whitish green ; costa and marginal line of forewing greyish.
Palpi and forelegs red above, whitish underneath ; face, thorax, and basal
segment of abdomen green ; vertex and antennae snow-white ; abdomen white,
thickly siJeckled with pink and grey scales on dorsum.
Expanse of wings : ".'S'mm.
1 ? from Durban, Natal (G. F. Leigh).
I'i. Rhomborista intermaculata spec. nov.
l-omciMj: grass-green, thickly riiijilcd svith whitish; co.slal area above
subcostal vein brown varied witli paler, and along the costal edge snow-white,
cln^e to the base red ; marginal line brown, thickened into triangles at the
vein-ends, each marked with some blue-grey scales at the centre; from the aual
( 387 )
angle a small couical brown mai'k, pointing towards cell-spot, extends to the
submedian fold ; cell-spot pyriform, the broad end below, brown with some bluc-
gre.y scales at centre ; from vein 4 to below vein 2 au irregularly-edged oval brown
blotch, jiarallel to hindmargin ; fringe white, with brown chequering beyond veins.
Hiiidichiy : with cell-spot like that of forewing, but larger ; the swollen spaces
at ends of veins diamond-shaped, filled with blue-grey scales, larger at apex
and decreasing to anal angle, where there is a small brown blotch; fringe as in
forewings. In both wings the brown markings are slightly mixed with red
scales, especially along their edges.
Underside glossy whitish green ; marginal line and cell-spots brown ; costa
pale with brown freckling, the brown bhitch of forewing slightly showing through.
Face, palpi externally, collar, and front of forelegs red ; vertex and antenual
shaft snow-white ; patagia green ; thorax and abdomen greenish white, api)areutly
with darker green dorsal spots.
Expanse of wings : 38 mm.
1 ? from Casamance, Senegambia (Laglaize).
In Heterorachis rubella Warr., which has, like this insect, an oval brown spot
across the median nervules, the hindmargin is regularly curved.
17. Victoria fuscithorax sjiuc. nov.
Fomriiig : banded alternately white and green, the green bands themselves
also broken up l)y transverse white striae ; base narrowly white, succeeded by
a curved band of green, followed by an ecpially broad one of white, marked at
middle by three brown dots on the veins ; central fascia broad at costa, very narrow
at inner margin, its outer edge sinuate, containing a large oval white cell-mark,
with a dull brick-red spot in middle ; the white band following is like the central
fascia inverted, narrow at costa and very broad at inner margin, marked by a series
of Ijrown dots on veins ; a green marginal border, ending in a point at anal angle,
and with the portion above vein 6 displaced basewards, leaving the apex squarely
wliite ; a dark lunulate marginal line swollen into black crescents between veins
7 and 4 and between veins 1 and 2 , fringe dark grey with whitish base, wholly
white at apex and between veins 3 and 4.
Jlindwing : green striated with white, the base and an ill-defined postmediau
band white, this last with a series of dark vein-spots ; marginal line and fringe as
in forewing.
Underside white, with dark marginal lunules beyond tlie cells ; the green
markings of upperside only showing through.
Head, thorax, and nietathoracic tuft dark fuscous-grey ; patagia green internally,
white externally ; abdomen whitish, with thick fuscous-grey dorsal crests ; antennae
ferruginous, with the shaft fuscous and a fuscous tuft at base ; palpi blackish, with
the terminal segment whitish ; legs internally white, lirown in front.
Expanse of wings : 48 mm.
1 ¥ from Entebbe, Uganda, March 1;H)2 (Captain Katlniy).
Subfamily STEUKHINAE.
I'^. Cosymbia? nitidata spec. nov.
Fon'iriiK) : glossy, greyisli fli'sh-coloni', with very indistinct markings; a
curved grey line, vertical from one-fourth of costa to one-third of inner margin ;
( 388 )
a sinnons grey outer line from five-sixtbs of costa to four-fifths of iuuer margin,
oblique outwards to veiu T, vertical to 0, deeph- aud squarelj- indented between
6 and 4, then dentate-lunulate aud oblique ; the sjjace immediately before it is without
any grey dusting, and is edged internally by a line running parallel to the outer
line and forming the edge of the central grey-tinged area ; cell-spot dark ; marginal
area grey-tinged, aud containing a slight dark blotch at anal angle ; fringe pale
flesh-colour, very glossy.
IliiifhriiKj : rather paler, with cell-spot aud traces of a waved outer liue.
Underside glossy, without markings.
Face, palpi, and forelegs red ; vertex and anteuuae white; thorax and abdomen
flesh-colour.
Expanse of wings : 34 mm.
1 ? from Durban, Natal (G. F. Leigh).
This may possibly bo AValker's Ep/ii/ra tedaci'ata, the type of which in the
British JIuseum is a mutilated fragment.
19. Craspedia immaculata spec, no v.
Forewing : cream-colour, finely speckled with dark atoms ; the linos ochreous ;
the first obscure, curved, marked, in fresh examples, by a dark dot on subcostal
vein, which easily disajipears ; median strongly excurved round the ochreous-groy
cell-spot ; the outer lunulate-dentato, followed by the usual two submargiiial shades,
enclosing the pale submarginal liue ; the extreme hindmargiu also pale ; black
marginal spots between the veins and small black dots beyond them at the base
of the cream-coloured fringe.
HindwiiKj : like forewing, but without basal line.
Underside cream-colour, gloss}-, imspeckled ; forewing suffused with grey to
median line; this line, the strongly dentate outer liue, the marginal line, aud the
Veins iu outer half of wing dark grey; the first submarginal shade and cell-spot
alsir expressed ; the dots at base of fringe visible ; hindwing with outer line beldw
costa and the marginal spots only.
Thorax and abdomen like wings : i-ollar ochreous ; vertex pale ; face dark
brown above, paler brown below, white across the middle.
Expanse of wiugs : 30 mm.
2 (S <S from Bouma, Ivory Coast, March 1903 (Pemberton).
This species belongs to Hiibner's genus Craspedia as typified by C. oniata, in
which the hindmargiu of hindwings is j)roduced at veins 4 aud (i with a siuus
between ; it lacks the dark thickened marks which follow the outer liue iu the
typical species.
2n. Emmiltis bisinuata spec. nov.
FoiriciiKj : boue-colonr, finely dusted with reddish ; the veins towards hind-
margin finely reddish ; the lines shar])ly marked, dark reddish; first at one-fourtli
of costa to one-third of iuuer margin, outcurved ; second aud third sinuous, exactly
parallel to each other, at two-thirds and five-sixths, both incurved on the two folds ;
a fine black marginal liue swollen between the veins, separated by a fine pale space
from a ditt'use reddish luunlate marginal liue ; cell-spot black, conspicuous ; fringe
concolorous.
Ilindwiiiy : more thickly dusteil ; median line touching the black cell-spot;
outer line and margin as in forewing.
( 389 )
Underside similar, bnt the outer Hue more marked.
Face aud palpi dark red-brown, head parts broken ; thorax and alxlomen like
wiugs.
Expanse of wiugs : 2(i mm.
1 (?, Bange Ngola, Angola, October 1903 (Dr. Ansorge).
Close to E. sinuaria Swinh., but distinct.
21. Emmiltis cervinata spec. nov.
ForciriiKj : jiale fawn-colonr, faintly tinged with reddish, especially along costa
aud median line : first line curved, very indistinct, but marked by black dots on the
veins; median shade cloudy and diffuse, from tliree-tifths of costa to middle of inner
margin, passing outside a blackish cell-spot ; outer line distinct, blackish, lunulate-
dentate, at three-fourths ; snbmarginal line waved, between two narrow darker
shades ; marginal spots large and black ; fringe fawn-colour.
JJ//i(//ri//i/ : like forewiug, but without inner line.
Underside paler and clearer ; the outer line distinct, the rest indicated.
Head, thorax, and abdomen fawn-colour ; face aud palpi black.
Expanse of wiugs : 24 mm.
2 ? ¥ from Bloyamba, H. Leone, May 1003 (Cator).
22. Emmiltis khakiata spec. nov.
Foreidiuj : greyish cork-colour; tjie lines slightly darker grey; basal line very
obscure ; median shade diffuse, oblique from before middle of inner margin towards
four-fifths of costa; outer line from three-fuurths of inner margin towards costa
before apex, marked darker on veins ; submargiual line between two darker shades
converging towards apex ; cell-spot small, blackish ; marginal dots minute ; fringe
concolorous.
lUiulivliK/ : the same, but without Ijasal line.
Underside grey, smooth ; the outer lines and cell-spot slightly indicated ; fringe
paler.
Face and paljii dark brown ; vertex, thorax, and abdomen concolorous with
wiugs ; abdomen ringed with grey.
Expanse of wings : 25 mm.
Several examples from Durban, Natal (G. F. Leigh).
Lipocentris gen. nov.
The neuration is that of Emmiltis Hilb., veins 0 and T of the hindwings not
stalked ; but the hindlegs of the c? are fully developed, yet without spurs ; the
palpi are thick, porrect downwards, the terminal segment very small ; the hindwing
has the hiudmargin decidedly elbowed in the middle, and there slightly toothed ;
antennae (cJ) subserrate, ciliated.
Type : Lipocentris ruhriccps spec. nov.
23. Lipoceutris rubriceps s]i(c. nov.
Eorewiiiij : greyish nclireous, witli a slight rusty tinge, aud densely but finely
dusted with dark atoms, exce2)t in the space between median and outer lines ; a very
( S9() )
faint grey curved inuer line at oue-tbird; a cloudy siuuous grey median sbade from
two-thirds of costa to middle of iuner margin, near the outer edge of which is the
distinct blackish cell-spot ; outer line distinct, marked by black teeth on the veins,
from four-fiftlis of costa to two-thirds of inner margin, angled outwards on vein (>,
then oblique and faintly sinuous ; two dark grey subniarginal sliades containing the
pale submargiual line, both cut short at vein 0 ; elongated black marks between veins
along the hindmargin ; fringe concolorous, with fine dark dusting.
JlindidiKj : similar, without first line; the basal area thickly dusted with
blackish ; the cell-sjiot large and black ; the subniarginal shades complete.
Underside darker, the dusting denser.
Face, palpi, and front of forelegs deej) red ; vertex snow-white ; collar and
shoulders ocliraceous ; thorax and abdomen like wings.
Expanse of wings : 2'i mm.
1 S from Cuuene, Angola, February 1902 (Pemberton).
24. Somatina nucleata spec. nov.
Forewing : greenish peanl-grey, with faint pale strigulations ; lines very
indistinct ; a basal shade, slightly darker, curved from one-fourth of costa to
one-third of inner margin; a median shade, projecting beyond cell and incurved
below middle ; outer shade dentate-luuulate, more distinct, nearly vertical at four-
fifths ; a very faint paler submargiual line ; a dark slate-coloured marginal line
interrupted at the veins; fringe pale, greenish grey ; cell-spot oval, dark brown,
with ochreous scales in middle and ringed with white.
Ilindicimj : with cell-spot twice as large.
Underside glossy, greenish white, with the outer line grey and distinct, and
with dark grey marginal lunules ; costa of forewing yellowish.
Face, palpi, and collar dark brown ; vertex and antennae white ; thorax and
abdomen like wings ; forelegs red in front.
Expanse of wings : 30 mm.
1 ? from Moyamba, S. Leone, March 1903 (Cator).
Distinguished at once by the peculiar shade of colour.
2.5. Somatina rufitacta spec. nov.
Forrwiiuj : cream-coloured, thickly sprinkled with dark atoms ; the two lines
very fine, marked only by blackish dots on the veins ; first from one-fifth of costa
to one-fourth of inner margin, curved ; outer from fully two-thirds of costa to three-
fourths of inner margin, obliijne outward to vein (J, then deutate-lunulate ; a very
oliscure median shade ; both lines and shade start from oblicpie rufous costal streaks ;
cell-mark rufous-olive edged with dark brown, erect, occui)ying the whole length
of discocellular, the outer edge trilobed ; marginal area rufous, with a waved grey
submargiual line through it ; marginal lunules rufous, darker above; fringe grey,
thickly dusted with blackish atoms, with dark spots beyond the end of veins, and
a pale line at base.
IliniltviiKj : similar, but without liasal line, and the cell-mark represented by a
linear red mark on discocellular.
Underside cream-colour, faintly grey-speckled ; costa of forewing and tips of
fringe rufons; outer line, marginal lunules, and fringe specks dark.
(391 )
Face, palpi, aud forelegs deep rcd-browii above, pale below ; vertex, thorax,
and abdomen like wings.
Expanse of wings : 30 mm.
1 ¥ from Durban, Natal, July 190'2 (K. Thorn).
Nearest to S.fguratu Wavy.
20. Sterrha irrufata spec. nov.
Vorewhifj : dark terra-cotta, densel}' sprinkled with black scales ; lines black,
all irregularly dentate-sinuate, starting at even distances from each other, the inner
and outer rather nearer the median than the base and hindmargin resjiectively ;
snbmargiiial line of the ground-colour, irregularly waved ; a row of black dashes
between the veins close before hindmargin on a narrow terminal band of gronnd-
colour ; fringe blackish; cell-spot black, sometimes obscured.
lUndiciiKj : similar, bnt without basal line.
Underside fuscous, without markings ; costa of forewing paler.
Face and palpi black ; vertex ochraceons ; thorax and abdomen like wings,
the segments of abdomen with paler rings.
Expanse of wings : 18 mm.
4 SS from the foot of the Nieuwveld Mts., 5 miles N.W. of 13eaufort West
(Miss Butt).
Distinguished by the peculiar shade of ground-colour and dark nuderside ;
superficially the insect is much like Sterrha liis]>iila Warr. from Angola aud Kiiimiltis
iDtiCrijitiita Wlk.
27. Synelys lubricata spec. nov.
Foreuini/ : bone-colour, somewhat iridescent, and with a very faint ochreous
grey tinge ; cell-spot black ; marginal dots very finely black ; the usual five oblique
transverse lines are faintly visible in certain lights ; only the outer line is always
evident, from three-fourths of costa to two-thirds of inner margin, greyish aud
Innulatc-dentate, most marked on inner margin ; fringe concolorous.
Ilindiring : with fonr lines only.
Underside ])aler ; widi cell-spots and outer line only marked.
Face and pal])i black ; vertex white ; thorax and abdomen like wings.
Expanse of wings : 23 mm.
1 S from Bango Ngola, Angola, October 1903 (Dr. Ansorgc).
The forewing is elongate with prominent apex ; the hindwing has only a blunt
angle at the middle.
Subfamily HYDRIOMENINAE.
28. Ochyria discata spec. nov.
Forewing : brownish grey ; the lines very fine ; basal patch small, limited aud
crossed by curved black lines ; inner edge of central fascia at one-third, sharply
angled on subcostal vein, then oblique and slightly wavy, preceded on costa by a
small pale spot ; outer edge at two-thirds, blacker and thicker, followed by a pale
spot, limited by a fine whitish line, strongly outcurved above and below cell
( 392 )
insinuate between, jn-ecetlcd by two fine parallel waved brown lines ; tlie innermost
lines coalesce in tiie centre to form a narrow oblong curved blackish patch from
costa to median vein and a dark sjiot on submediau fold ; snbmarginal line
indistinct, forming whitish luuules ; a dark triangular patch on outer margin limited
above by an oblique line from ajiex ; an infermptcd black marginal line; fringe
concolorons, the base darker.
Ilindwiny : ])aler, esjieeially along costal hall', with all the lines, except the
basal, repeated ; the central ftiscia without any dark markings.
Underside much darker ; the cell-spots and all three lines blackish.
Head, thorax, and abdomen brownish grey ; the last with dark segmental
rings.
Expanse of wings : l',i mm.
1 $ from Lower Umkomaas, Natal (G. F. Leigh).
Ilindraargin of hindwing sinuate, much as in Ochi/rin iiironsiiicKn Warr. from
India, which it greatly resembles.
Subfamily TEPHT^O(iLYSTIIXAE.
20. Tephroclystia atomaria "Warr.
This species was described from a 6 only, in Sor. Zool. ix. ]i. .MO ('Kiii2), from
British E. Africa.
The ? is somewhat larger, with the ground-colour, both of body and wings,
decidedly whiter, and the markings more distinct ; on the costa are four dark
lilotches, from which rise four grey bauds, the tirst limiting the basal area, the next
two forming the outside liands of the central fascia, and the last immediately
preceding the submarginal line. The hindwing is uniform pale grey throughout.
This ? came along with an ordinary S from Deimba, Ivory Coast, Feb. 1903
(Pemberton).
SUPFAMILY PALYADINAE.
.■ill. Ochroplutodes crocea spec nov.
Foreinnff ; glossy pale yellow, towards base and along costa somewhat shiny ;
sparsely sprinkled with red-brown dots, but without any markings ; on costa before
apex a square red-brown blotch ; two coalescent lunnlate blotches between
veins 2 and 4, and a spot at middle of inner margin ; these Ijrown blotches are
placed as if they might be on the margin of a sinuous line, such as occurs in
0. sordida ; fringe concolorous.
Ilhidtciny : with the dots arranged landlike before the middle, with a slight
blotch at the origin of veins fi, 7.
Underside paler yellow, with only the double bldtch of forewing marked.
Head, thorax, and abdomen concolorous; fillet and antennae white.
Expanse of wings : 32 mm.
2 ? ? from Durban, Natal (G. F. Leigh), probably bred.
It is jiossible, though scarcely probable, that this may be a ? of O. sordida
described by me as doubtfully African— cf. Nov. Zool. ii. p. 120 (1895). Since
that description was published I have seen several examjdes, all (?<?, from
Northdene, Natal ; but the present insect gcem.s totally distinct.
( 393 )
Srr.i-AMii.Y DKILINIIXAE.
31. Neostega flavata spec. nov.
Foreicinq : briglit pale yellow, sprinkled with ferrnginons, and crossed by
ill-defined ferrnginous lines ; an inner, median, and outer, all slightly curved, at
even intervals ; within the median a ferruginous cell-spot ; the snbmarginal band is
much broader and conspicuous, formed of ferruginous striae, darkened by a brown
tinge; fringe like wing; no marginal line; the median shade starts from a dark
costal spot.
Ilindwing : similar, the lines very indefinite.
Underside without speckling; the median and snbmarginal bands only
distinct.
Head, thorax, and abdomen yellowish varied with ferruginous.
Expanse of wings : 10 mm.
1 ? from Degama, Niger E., February 1902 (Dr. Ansorge).
The species agrees with the type of the genirs in the shortness of the cells
and in the anastomosis of the costal and subcostal of hindwing ; but the venation
of forewing differs; veins In, 11 are coincident and free throughout; in X.^/iaei-
(jiitUitd these are stalked with 7, 8, 9, and anastomose with 12.
32. Neostega obscurata spec. nov.
Forewing: fuscous, darker beyond outer line, and with obscure deeper fuscous
striae ; first line indistinct, from one-fourth of costa to one-third of inner margin ;
ontcr from two-thirds of costa to two-thirds of inner margin, curved below costa,
then parallel to margin ; both lines dark fuscous, like the cell-spot ; fringe
concolorous.
Hind icing : with outer line only, straight ; cell-spot distinct.
Underside paler, browner, without lines, but the border distinctly darker than
the basal half of wing.
Vertex, thorax, and abdomen concolorous with wings ; face and palpi dark
lirown ; fillet and base of antennae snow-white.
Expanse of wings : 30 mm.
1 c? from Kassai River, Congo Free State.
Agrees with Neostega in vein Ct of forewing rising from above middle of
discocellular, but the coincident veins 10 and 11 are not stalked with 7, 8, 9, but
rise just in front of them. The antennae have sessile fascicles of cilia.
Pi/cnostcga olscwa Warr., which resembles it at first sight, has pectinated
antennae.
Pycnostega gen. nov.
Forewing : costa straight ; apex bluntly roundeil ; hiudmargin curved.
Hindwing : ample ; hiudmargin curved ; anal angle rectangular.
Antennae of c? plumose, the apical fourth sim]ile. Palpi upcurved in front
of face, short, not reaching vertex ; tongue and frenulum present ; legs rather
short and stout ; hindtibiae with four short spurs.
Neuration : forewing, cell only two-fifths of wing ; discocellular vertical,
curved below ; first median nervulc at two-thirds, second shortly before end ;
radials normal; 7,8,9, stalked : ]l> and 11 coincident: hindwing, cell two-fifths
of wing ; 7 from before angle of cell ; no radial.
(394)
Forewing with fovea. Scaling fiiip and closo, subraotallic.
Type : Pi/rnostdja oh.-ti^nra spec. nov.
Tbe genus is allied to Seostega Warr., but that genus has ciliated antennae.
33. Pycnosteg'a obscura spec. nov.
Foi-eirinfi : dull dark brown; the only marking visible is the onter line, which
is fine and deeper brown, rnnning parallel to hindmargin, twice shaq)ly waved below
costa between veins S and 0, then sinuous ; between veins fi and S it passes through
a patch of dull pale scales; fringe concolorous; costal edge finely dotted with yellow,
cchreons.
IlhuhriiKj : with the line central, the basal half darker than the outer.
Underside dull greyish brown ; the fringe dark lirown ; cell-sjiots visil)l('.
Head, thorax, and abdomen concolorous witji wings ; vertex and shaft of
antennae snow-white.
Expanse of wings : 29 mm.
1 t? from Degama, Niger River (Dr. Ansorge).
Subfamily AHKAXINAE.
34. Negla tenuiorata "\\'lk.
Walker's species from Ashanti (also from S. Leone) is comparatively small
and white, expanding 40 — 44 mm., with the inner and onter lines composed of
small round spots, and with the marginal border of hindwing slight and irregnlar.
It has been usual to sink imchtlgtiU Uowitz to Walker's species ; bnt I much
doubt if this is right : it is at least a good dark local form ; I have a series before
me of 13 c?c?, from Canhoca, Angola, collected by Dr. Ansorge, which agree well
with Dewitz's figure ; these expand 52 mm., and have the outer two-thirds of the
wings mainly black, the wings being crossed by a broad black j)0stniedian fascia
(il)literating the outer series of spots, and leaving only a small pale space above
inner margin before the dark border. Mabille's melantliiata represents an inter-
mediate form, as large as nachtigali, but with almost as mnch white in both
wings as in tcnu/oi-atu, bnt the whole ground is yellower, and the series of spots
large and round ; the hind wings have a border of large horseshoe-shaiied si)ots
between the veins, which is distinctive.
35. Rhodophthitus procellosa spec. nov.
ForewiiKj : white, covered with long slender black striae, which towards apex
and hind margin become thicker and ijartially conHueut ; fringe l)lackish.
Iliixlicing: flushed with yellow, with a broad smoky black niarginii.1 bonier,
the onter portion of the paler area with some sliort thick stri.-to ; fringe black,
along inner margin yellowish.
Underside the same.
Face yellowish white below, velvety black above and at sides, with a pale spot
beneath each antenna ; shoulders and patagia ochrcons, tipped with rosy ; thorax
dark ; abdomen yellow with black spots which become conflnent on basal segments ;
antennae black ; legs fuscous ; tinged inside, like the pectus, with rosy.
Exi)anse of wings : 44 mm.
1 f? from Samba Acenda, Angola, October 1903 (Dr. Ansorge).
( 395 )
SriiFAMiLY r.RACCINAE.
36. Hylemera subfulva ^wc. nov.
Foreicing : creiimy white ; the edge of the wliite portion starting from near
base of inner margin, running parallel to the costa to middle of wing, then curving
to inner margin before anal angle, the costal and marginal areas black, except a
small oblique oval spot of white lying l)etween veins 0 and 4 ; fringe black.
[liiuliviiu/ : with only the hiiidmargin black, the inner edge slightly curved
outwards below apex ; a small black mark at extreme base.
Underside like upper ; but the base of costa of forewing for one-fourth, and of
hiudwing at extreme base only, fulvous.
Head, antennae, thorax, a belt across basal segment of abdomen, and the anal
segment black ; rest of abdomen and tips of metathorax white ; abdomen beneath
and legs whitish, the latter fnscous in front.
Expanse of wings : 35 mm.
1 c? from Moyamba, Sierra Leone, April 1003 (Oator).
Distinguished from its nearest allies, circumdatn Wlk., i-n/i/mi AVarr., and
jciirdi Sliarpe, by the evenly curved edge of the white area of the wings.
SuuFAMiLY BISTONINAE.
37. Ephemerophila penumbrata spec. nov.
FoiririiK/ : bone-colour washed with browaisli grey and freckled with fuscous ;
the costa without grey suffusion, marked with dark triangular blotches at the
commencement of the lines, at one-fonrth, one-half, three-fourths, and shortly before
apex ; the lines very oblique and in their upper half obscure ; all running ont
obliquely and bluntly bent in cell and beyond ; the first, bent shortly before the
cell-spot, reaching inner margin at one-fonrth ; the median, bent well beyond cell at
two-thirds, reaching inner margin at one-third; the outer bent towards hindmargin,
ibrming three finely marked lilunt teeth between veins 7 and 4, reaching inner
margin before one-half close to median line ; followed liy two brownish lines which
also form teeth beyond those of the outer line, which are all more or less hidden by
a brown triangular shade from below apex to vein 5 ; snbmarginal line not marked
above, but ajjpearing below middle from vein 4 to close before anal angle, the marginal
area beyond it dark fuscous ; marginal dark spots between veins above middle and
black lunules below it; fringe brown-grey above middle, fuscous below.
lUmlwing : with a blackish spot at base continuing the inner line of forewing ;
a double straight antemedian line with darker scaling round it ; an obliciue narrow-
brown cell-si)ot ; a double straight postmedian line, the inner arm fine and dark :
snbmarginal line from apex to above anal angle, inwardly preceded by a thick deep
brown-black shade and with the marginal area beyond it dark fuscous ; black
marginal lunules; fringe brownish fuscous.
Underside suffused, except along costa of forewing, witii ilesh-coloured
brownish, and coarsely black-speckled ; cclj-sjiots large and blackish ; all the lines
and dark shades of upperside still i)lainer, with an additional curved outer line of
dark spots on the veins.
Thorax and abdomen brownish ochreous with dark speckling, like the wings ;
face and palpi browner.
Expanse of wings : 52 mm.
1 ? from Moyamba, S. Leone (D. Cater).
( 396 )
38. Haggardia spissata spec. nov.
ForiviiKj : covered with dense, rough, grey and fuscons scales, oliliterating
tlie pale ground-colour ; costa ochreous with short black striae ; the lines black,
thickened on the veins; first at one-third, oblinue to median, then vertical ; outer
from three-fourths of costa, incurved to vein 4 below tiie black cell-sjwt, thence
parallel to first line ; a ver}- indistinct dentate submarginal line, denoted by
whitish scales ; fringe concolorous, faintly dark-mottled ; veins towards margin
rust-coloured.
IliiidirliKj : somewhat paler towards costa ; no inner line.
Underside whitish, thickly grey-speckled ; costa of forewiiig ochreous witii
dark striae ; cell-spots distinct ; outer line faint ; fringe dark.
Head and thorax dark grey ; abdomen lighter grey, with a black band at base ;
pectus and legs dark grey.
Expanse of wings : 44 mm.
1 c? from Stanger, Natal (J. Delvin).
Pectus and jialpi woolly.
39. Haggardia subalbata spec. nov.
Foremng : wood-Iirowu, densely striated with black, the cell and basal area
almost becoming black, and a broad marginal border actually black ; the cell-spot
and two transverse lines deej) black ; first line from one-fourth of costa to one-fourth
of inner margin strongly excurved above and below median vein ; the outer from
two-thirds of costa to middle of inner margin, slightly dentate outwards on the veins,
sinuous inwards, with one deep sinus in submedian interval, where it appniximates
closely to first line ; before the dark marginal border a liinulate paler submarginal
band, limiting ontwardly a broad area of the ground-colour ; this is sometimes very
ill-defined; fringe brown, chequered with blackish beyond veins.
llinilwing : with the two dark lines fine and indistinct ; a black cell-spot ; the
rest as in fore wing.
Underside dull pearl-grey, thickly dusted with black ; the costa of forewing
ochreous ; black cell-spot and traces of outer line ; fringe brown-grey.
Head, shoulders, and pectus dark grey ; thorax and jiatagia blackish :
abdomen brown, thickly black-speckled ; legs grey speckled with black.
Expanse of wings : 40 mm.
1 (J from Durban, Natal (G. F. Leigh).
I have seen another example, also a 6 , from the Tianskei, mnch larger and
more distinctly marked.
40. Hirasodes deuticulata.
Jlirasa detitimihla'Wa.TT., Nov. Zniil. xi. p. 473, ? (1904).
A c? from the same locality as the ? ? already seen — Natal — has strongly
pectinated antennae, and the species must be placed under Ilirasode.t Warr.
The S is pinkish l)rown in coloration, and expands only 30 mm. ; the lines are
more distinctly marked than in the ? .
Omphalucha gen. nov.
Foiririiig : elongate-triangular ; ensta straiglit, slightly intlcxed in middle;
apex blunt ; hindmargin obliijuely curved, crenulate.
( •''J" )
lliiidiriiiq : with hiiiilniariiiii sfroiinlv crciniluti' ; inner mnrgin sliort.
Abdomen stout ; in the 3 with Mie aiiiil tni'ts sipiarely cnt off and spreading.
Antennae of S bipectinate to apex, the pectinations stiff, nearly vertical to
the shaft; forehead flat; palpi stout, short, terminal segment small; tongue
absent ; frenulum strong ; pectus and femora woolly ; legs short and stout ;
liindtibiae of S swollen, with four stout spurs. Forewiug with a raised circular
fovea.
Nenration : forewing, cell three-fifths of wing ; discocellular vertical above,
ciblique below ; first median nervule at five-eighths, second close before tlnrd ;
radials normal, the subcostal vein depressed at extremity ; veins 7, 8, 9 stalljed
from the Ijend ; 10, 11 short-stalked in the c?, coincident in the ? : hindwing, with
costal and subcostal closely approximated for more than half the length of cell ;
veins 3 and 7 each just before angle of cell ; no radial.
Type : Omphalucha liirtn spec, nov.
41. Omphalucha ambusta.
Aphilopiitii amhiista Warr., Nni\ Z'inJ. xi. p. 472, $ (1904).
Since describing the type ? of this species, I have seen a series of 12 c?(? and
1 ? collected by Dr. Ansorge in September 1903 at Muhumbna, between the rivers
Cambo and Cugho, in Angola. The (?c? possess the fovea in forewing, and the
antennae with vertical pectinations, as in Omji/ia/zf/'/ia, to which genus the species
must be transferred.
42. Omphalucha hirta spec. nov.
Foreiviny : deep wood-brown, suffused with black-brown ; costal edge pale
olive, with short black vertical striae and spots ; lines black and fine ; first from
one-third of costa, curved to near base of inner margin, touching outer edge of
fovea ; outer line from three-fourths of costa to three-fourths of inner margin,
shortly inbent below costa, then running outwards and forming a strong blimt
angle on vein 5, then as strongly incurved ; the inner margin beyond each line
paler brown to median vein ; a black marginal festoon ; fringe brown.
Hindwing : paler, especially along costa ; along inner margin tinged with
rufous, and with the veins rufous ; the outer black line angled on submedian
fold as well as between 4 and 6 ; cell-spot black, angnlated ; an interrupted
blackish angled median shade close before the outer line and running to cell-
spot; this median shade is also visible in forewing on inner margin; hindmargin
as in forewing.
Underside pale greyish ochreous, the liasal two-thirds of each wing coarsely
speckled with black ; outer line of forewing and both lines of hindwing partially
marked in black.
Face, ])alpi, and vertex dark brown ; upper part of face barred with ochreous ;
thorax like wings, the metathorax darker ; a black ring at base of abdomen,
which is greased ; abdomen beneath, legs, and pectus greyish ochreous ; tarsi
externally blackish, with the joints ])ale ochreous.
Expanse of wings : .36 mm.
1 S from Durban, Natal (G. F. Leigh).
( 398 )
43. Omphalucha ? rufinubes s]irc. nov.
Foreifini/ : silver grey, with a nitons tinge in parts ; lines black; first thick,
cnrved from ono-fonrth of cost;i to near lase of inner margin, preceJed by a
diffuse black and rnfons shade ; outer line from three-fourths of costa to four-
fifths of inner margin, sinnons, outcurved beyond cell, then incnrved, somewhat
lunnlate-dentate below middle, followed by a broad outwardly dentate red-brown
shade, beyond which the marginal area is silver-grey, with a few black scales
and large black marginal hinnles between the veins ; midway between first and
onter lines is a dill'nse dark median shade, outcurved ;ibove round the black cell-
spot, vertical and irregularly lunnlate-dentate below ; inner margin between the
lines rufous-tinged ; below the middle the subraarginal red-brown shade is edged
with shining whitish : fringe fuscous, with a pale shining base.
Ilindivhiy : like forewing, but without first line, and jjaler at base.
Underside glossy grey, speckled with blackish and tinged with vinous ; all
the markings obscurely reproduced.
Face and palpi dark brown ; verte.v, thorax, and abdomen grey ; patagia
with an obliipic black bar towards their tips ; abdomen with a black bar at
base.
Expanse of wings : 42 mm.
1 ? from N. Bailnndu, Angola, Sejitember lODl (Pemberton).
Placed in (hnplirilurlia provisionally.
St-bfamilt ARCOTINAE.
44. Chog^ada funesta spec. nov.
Forewinfi : pale grey, thickly striated, and in outer half of wing suffused,
with dark smoky grey ; first lino at one-fourth, oljliipie inwards and double, starting
from a black spot on costa; median shade dilfuse and black, outcurved round
the smoky black ocelloid cell-mark, then straight to middle of inner margin;
outer line lunnlate-dentate from three-fourths of costa, slightly jirojecting be3-ond
cell, then incurved to close to median shade, the space between them, except
at costa, smoky black ; marginal area lilackish grey, with an obscure pale waved
submarginal line ; the black shade between outer and middle line is diflusely
continued at right angles above vein 4 to hindmargin ; small black marginal
sjiots ; fringe dark grey.
linidirinij : with the basal third pale grey; outer two-thirds blackish; the
lines as in forewing, but the basal line wanting.
Underside pearly whitish, with a grey tinge; ronnd black discal spots; the
outer line black ; a broad black marginal fascia in forewing, not reaching anal
angle, and leaving small pale ])atches at apex and between veins % and 4; in
hindwing narrower and apical only.
Head, thorax, and abdomen pale grey, the last witli blackish rings.
Ex))anse of wings : 35 mm.
1 i from Durban, Natal (G. F. Leigh).
4o. Ectropis inelegans spec. nov.
Vorcirimj: dirty grey, sprinkled with darker scales; the nnirkings darker,
but verv much obscured ; the usual inner markings, the basal line, the median
( ;;'J9 )
sliade, ami outer hue are barely decipheralilc ; the j)alu waved siilimargiual line
is distinct, empliasised by the darker edgings ; marginal sjwts black and distinct ;
fringe grey.
Ilindidnij : similar, but the lines all slightly clearer.
Underside uniform dirty grey, with slightly darker transverse lines and shades.
Head, thorax, and abdomen all eipally dingy grey ; jialpi and legs darker.
Exjianse of wings : 56 mm.
1 ? from Gregiani, Niger C. Protectorate, August I'JUl (Dr. Ausorge).
The single specimen is somewhat worn, but even when fresh the species can
never be clearly marked. JJ. (jrlseoalbafa Mab., from Madagascar, though much
smaller, is according to the description something like it above, but the underside
is ipiite different.
4('). Paradarisa ? viriditincta spec. nov.
ForewiiKj : dull greyish oehreous, with an olive-green tinge throughout, and
covered with darker sjieckling ; the lines blackish and diflnse ; lirst at one-fourth,
bent on median vein, preceded by a dark shade ; outer line at two-thirds, slightly
outcurved in the middle, dentate-lnnnlate, but marked chiefly by dark spots on
the veins, ibllowed by a diffuse blackish shade ; between them are traces of a
median shade passing over the dark cell-spot ; submarginal line indicated mainly
by dark shades, those jireceding it on costa and beyond cell being most conspicuous;
a row of large black marginal spots ; fringe concolorous.
Uindwing : without first or median line, the rest as in forewiug ; a dark
submarginal cloud before anal angle.
Underside paler, with olive-fuscous striations, large blackish cell-spots, and
traces in places of outer line; a broad blackish marginal border, leaving the
extreme margin pale and a quadrate pale patch at apex of forewing.
Head, thorax, and abdomen like wings, the abdomen ringed with darker.
Expanse of wings : 40 mm.
1 ? from Nguelo, Usambara (Dr. Kummer^.
A dingy-looking species, the position of which is doubtful. I have placed
it in Paradarisa provisionally, by reason of its resemblance to the Indian species
cxclusaria, the type of that genus. The palpi are porrect, the second segment
rongh-haLi'ed, the third long, spatulate, and drooping.
47. Trigonomelea uigristigma siiee. nov.
FurcwiiKj : chalk-white, grey-speckled ; the lines grey, starting from tlark
costal spots ; first, obscure, from one-fourth of costa, bent in cell and incurved
to near base of inner margin, preceded by a grey shade ; outer line fine, black,
dentate-lnnulate, at two-thirds, followed by an olive-brown band; a coal-black
discal spot ; median shade from a black spot before it, visible only on costa and
inner margin ; submarginal line obscurely marked by dark lunular shades on
each side, those beyond cell lieing darkest ; black marginal spots ; fringe white.
HindiciiKj : similar, but without the basal shades, and the antemedian black
and straight ; the rest as in forewing.
Underside pure white ; a black marginal blotch beyond cell of forewing, the
apex itself remaining white, edged inwardly by a blackish band ; cell-spots coal-
black.
( 400 )
Face and palpi whitish, palpi externally black ; sluuilders white with black
tips ; thorax, patagia, and abdomen whitish ; the last with a deep black band
on second segment, two black spots on third, and the rest of dorsum darkened
with grey scales.
Expanse of wings : 48 mm.
1 c? from Darban, Natal (G. F. Leigh).
Subfamily FIDONIINAE.
4s. Obolcola despecta sj)ec. nov.
Foreici/ii/ : greyish ochreous, thickly speckled with brown; slight indications
of two cross-lines ; one vertical jnst before middle, thickened on inner margin,
the other towards hindmargin, running outwards from two-thirds of costa, angled
on vein 7, then oblique and swollen before anal angle ; there appears also to be a
dark line near base ; a small dark cell-spot ; fringe concolorous.
llindwing : with the lines still less marked; the cell-sjjot only plain.
Underside jjaler, yellowish ; the markings therefore plainer.
Head, thorax, and abdomen concolorous.
Expanse of wings : 24 mm.
'i S S from Ganyonyo, Ivory Coast, May I'.iOo (Pemberton).
Oxyfidonia gen. nov.
Forewiiuj : costa straight, bat strongly convex before apex, which is bluntly
produced ; hindmargin excised between apex and vein 4, then oblique ; a small
but distinct fovea above sulimedian vein.
Himhciiig : hindmargin angled at middle, subcrenulate.
Antennae of c? plumose; palpi porrect, short; second segment roughly haired
beneath, third shortly spatulate ; tongue weak; frenulum distinct; hiudtibiae
flattened and thickened, with four spurs.
Nenration : forewing, cell half as long as wing ; discocellular vertically
concave ; first median nervule at two-thirds, second close to third ; radials
normal ; 10, 11, T, 8, 9 all stalked from before end of cell, 10 and 11 being
coincident throughout, and not anastomosing with 12 : hindwing, costal and
subcostal closely approximated for one-third of cell ; veins o and 7 before angles
of cell.
Type : Oxyfidonia J'ulcida spec. nov.
49. Oxyfidonia fulvida spec. nov.
Forewimj : Ijrownish fulvous, irregularly speckled with darker: the costal
edge finely dotted with blackish; no distinct lines, but a dark costal spot at
one-fourth indicates a basal line, and from another at two-thirds a faint curved
outer line can be traced ; fringe concolorous, dotted with blackish.
IliiKhrimj : the same, but with distinct traces of an outer sinuous line.
Underside brighter fulvons, with cell-spots and outer lines marked.
Head, thorax, and abdomen like wings ; face brown ; legs spotted with brown ;
forelegs brown in front.
Expanse of wings ; 20 mm.
2 c?c? from Mnyamba, Sierra Leone, Seijtember — October 1903 (Cator).
( ^('1 )
Subfamily SBMIOTHISINAE.
50. Acadra simplicilinea spec. nov.
Very mncli like .1. rertigtriaria H.S., bnt in all cases the oblique line is single,
not double, and generally much finer ; in the forewing the basnl line is bluntly and
shortly rounded in cell, then waved to inner margin ; in rectistriaria this line is
acutely angled close before the cell-spot, then straight and oblique to inner margin ;
and the same holds also with regard to the middle line ; the submarginal shading
in rectistriaria above the inner margin is more or less broken up into diffuse lines,
in the present species it forms a dense cloud, darker externally and curving
outwards into anal angle ; in the hindwing especially this difference is noticeable,
and the submarginal cloudy fascia is connected by two or three acute angular
marks with the single fine outer line.
Ou the underside the ground-colour is much paler and the markings darker than
in rectistriaria ; in the forewing the median shade is always well expressed, whereas
it is absent in H.S.'s species, and in the hindwing the dark outer fascia is never
connected with the angle by a darker shade, the whole of the marginal area
remaining pale. A more imiwrtant difference is that in rectistriaria the fovea
in the c? forewing is slight and obscure, and in simplicilinea large and conspicuous.
3 (?c? from Nguelo, Usambara (Dr. Kummer).
It is altogether a more neatly marked insect than rectistriaria, and the cell-sjiot
of forewiugs seems always larger, more linear and conspicuous.
51. Gonodela apicepallens spec. nov.
Fo re icing : pale greyish ochreous, speckled with darker grey; the costa with
fine black streaks ; lines olive-grey, indistinct ; the basal angled bluntly in cell ;
the median sinuous, outcurved below costa, beyond a dark linear cell-spot ; outer
line darker, more distinct, from two-tliirds of costa to three-fourths of inner margin,
widely bent above, thickened below middle into a black spot between veins 3 and 4 ;
submarginal dark shade diffuse and interrupted, forming a streak at costa and
inner margin, and a spot between veins 3 and 4 ; marginal area rather darker
than rest of wing, except a roundish apical space above vein 0, which is ]ialer ;
blackish marginal luuules between the veins ; fringe pale grey, the tips towards the
apex of wing darker.
Hindwing : similar, but without basal line ; cell-spot round, preceded by the
median line ; outer line fine, lunulate-dentate, followed liy a uniformly broad
darker shade.
Underside like upper, but paler ; the lines scarcely visible ; cell-spots plain ;
a brownish submarginal fascia forking towards apex of forewing enclosing the
pale s])ace.
Head, thorax, and abdomen greyish ochreous.
Expanse of wings : 20 mm.
1 ? from Bango, Angola, October 1903 (Dr. Ansorge).
^^'ings rather narrow and elongate; the forewing with hiudmargin simply
curved, the hindwing with it liluutly angled.
.52. Gonodela conturbata.
The species was described from several ? ? from Warri, jyof. Zool. v. j). 251
(1898). The S S are much darker, purplisli fuscous, but the much-waved outer line
( 4(.2 )
is distinctive. On the uncler^ide the j-ellow tint of the l'nrewin;.;s is more developed,
in one instance forniing a fnlvous patch from base and another beyond onter line,
the hitter showing phxinly throngh on the iipperside.
1 cJ fi'om Moyamba, 8. Leone (C!ator), accompanied by a typical ? ; 1 <? from
Canhoca, Angola (Dr. Ansorge), along with an eijually typical ? ; the pair from
Angola both dated Koveiuber 19U3 ; tlie d from Moyamba November— December
1903, the ? February 1'.M)4. In both cases the ? ? much worn and the Si
both fresh.
53. Gonodela lunivallata ^>^^^■. nov.
Forciclng : flesh-coloured grey, witli black sjiecklcs ; the lines dark brown,
distinct ; first from one-fiftli of costa, projecting in cell, and obliijnely waved to near
base of inner margin ; second, at middle, bent on subcostal vein, then obliqno to a
little before middle of inner margin ; outer line from two-thirds of costa, angled on
vein 0, then oblique and straight to two-thirds of inner margin, preceded by a
pale ycllowisli line ; followed on costa by a short dark streak to the angle, below
which the line is geminate, this outer arm being followed by a broad dark cloud,
containing blackish luuules touching the line, and produced to hindmargin below
apex as a triangular shade ; black marginal spots between the veins ; fringe dark
grey ; cell-spot black, before the median line.
Uiiulicing : with the median line strongly marked before the cell-spot; the
double outer line also strongly marked, especially the outer arm, and bent at middle,
preceded by a broad yellowish space and followed at a short distance by a thick
brown band with lunulate outer edge, but without any dark cloud.
Underside i)aler, with a slight yellowish tinge ; the speckling and lines brown ;
a broad straight brown submarginal fascia, connected with margin beyond cell
and in the forewing forked to apex, containing at the base of the fork a yellowish
white blotch.
Head, thorax, and abdomen like wings ; face somewhat darker.
Expanse of wings : 30 mm.
1 6 from Moyamba, tSierra Leone, Blarch l'Jil3 (Cator).
iJ4. Gonodela punctiversa spec. nov.
Foreu'iiiq : whitish, more or less overspread with olive-grey and thickly
speckled with fuscous ; first line very obscure, near base ; median line thick, a little
before middle, vertical and waved, preceded by a thick cell-mark ; outer line from
two-thirds of costa to three-fourths of inner margin, oblique outwards to vein 0,
there bluntly angled, and luuulate-dentate, followed on costa by a thick dark streak
to the angle, and below the middle by a broad dark shade ; an olive and fuscous
cloud on hindmargin beyond cell, with a pale quadrate apical patch above it and
the marginal area below it whitish s})eckled with fuscous ; the pale submarginal
line very indistinct ; a dark marginal crenulate line ; fringe i)ale chequered with
olive-grey.
Ilinihciiu/ : with a thick waved dark median line, also preceded by the black
cell-spot; outer line Inuulate-deutate throughout, followed by a broad dark fascia
edged by the submarginal line.
Underside white, speckled with brown, with thick brown median lines and
broad, irregularly edged, brown submarginal fasciae ; forewing with a brown
cloud on hindmargin above middle ; cell-spots biowu, jirecediDg median lines.
( 4o:5 )
Head, tliorax, and abdomen olive-grey, mucli darkened with fuscons ; abdomen
beneath and lej;s whitisli speckled with olive-brown.
Expanse of wings : 30 mm.
1 ? from Moyamba, Sierra Leone, April I'.lo;! ((_'ator).
Distinguished from all other species by the cell-si)ot preceding the middle line
in both wings.
5o. Gonodela rectilinea spec. nov.
Foreu'iiig ; with the whitish ground-colour almost hidden by dense brownish
grey striae, beyond the onter line entirely snti'used with grey-brown, except a slight
pale patch towards apex above vein 0 on the course of the snbDiarginal line ; costa
ochreous dotted with black ; lines brownish, the first and second very obscnre and
interrupted in middle, the first at one-fourth, the median before middle; outer line
at two-thirds vertical and nearly straight to three-fourths of inner margin ; a slight
dark cell-s])ot ; distinct brown marginal Innules ; fringe grey with a bright
jiale base.
Ilindiriufi : without first line.
Underside white with brown striae and tinged with yellowish ; the costa yellow ;
cell-spots distinct ; middle and onter lines brown ; marginal space occupied by
a broad brown submarginal band, extended to hinduiargin beyond cell, and towards
costa of forewiug washed with yellow ; a distinct white sjiot above vein 0 before
apex ; marginal area below middle white.
Head, thorax, and abdomen mottled brown and grey.
Expanse of wings : 29 mm.
1 S from Ganyonyo, Ivory Coast, May 1903 (Pembertou).
Near G. unicolor Warr. from Natal, bnt distinguished by the straight nnangled
third line.
o(j. Gonodela unicolor spec. nov.
Forewing : pale wood-brown, with very fine and small strigulations ; costa
dotted alternately ocbreous and blackish, with small blackish spots at the origin
of the lines ; these are slender, brown ; first at one-fourth, bent in cell ; outer
at three-fourths, angled on vein (i, then nearly straight, very faintly convex
basewards ; median shade waved, more diti'use, touching the small dark cell-sjiot ;
marginal dark line very tine ; fringe brown, paler at base.
Tlindwing : the same but without first line ; outer line bent below vein 4.
Underside jjaler, yellowish buft', the striae and lines brown; a difi'nse brown
shade beyond outer line ; costa of forewing yellowish.
Head dark brown marked with black ; thorax and abdomen like wings ; aual
tuft ochreous.
Expanse of wings : 2s mm.
1 S from Durban, Natal (G. F. Leigh).
Hiudwing protuberant at middle of hindmargin, hardly toothed ; antennae
simple, subserrate ; hindtibiae thickened ; forewing without fovea.
Mesothisa gen. nov.
Fori:ir'Hiij : costa straight for two-thirds, then strongly arched ; the apex
l)rodnced and falcate ; hindmargin strongly excised between apex and vein 4,
slightly again between 4 and 3 ; anal angle rounded olf.
27
( 404 )
Hindwiiig : kite-shaped ; LiuJmargin angled at vein 4 and crenulate.
Auteuuae of S bipei-tinate for three-fonrtlis ; palpi porrcct, the second segment
ronghly haired, third si)atulat,e, drooping, at right angles with second ; tongne and
frenulum present; hindtibiae not swollen, with four spurs.
Neurafion : furewing, cell not quite half as long as wing : discocellular angled,
both upper and lower arms obli(jue ; (irst median nervnle at tive-eighths, second
close til third; radials normal; 7, 8, 'J, id, 11 stalked from before end of
cell, 8 and ti compressed and approximated, 10 and 11 coinei<lent, anastomosing
with 12 and separating afterwards : hindwiiig, costal and subcostal quite shortly
approxiiuated near base; 0, 7, and '■'>■, 4 from angles of cell. Nu fovea in forewing.
Type : Mcsothi.ta Jiacciihi spec. nov.
The species partake of the characters of Semiothi^a on the one hand and
Uypomlra on the other, being more akin to the latter.
57. Mesothisa flaccida spec. nov.
Forewimi : ochreons striated with pale brown, with which colour the costal half
of wing is slightly sutfuscd ; lines dilfuse, grey ; lirst from one-sixth of costa to one-
third of inner margin, oblique outwards and faint to median, then vertical and broad ;
outer line (in the single specimen) very indistinct, but marked by brown dots on
veins and accompanied by a grey shade, ajiparently oblique outwards from before
apex, acutely angled on vein 7, then oblique inwards to three-fourths of inner
margin ; a small black cell-spot ; fringe worn ; a dark cloud along margin from
apex to vein 4.
HindwiiKj : with a thick waved grey-brown outer line straight from before
costa to anal angle, continuing the outer line of forewing ; cell-spot dark, preceded
by a faint inner diffuse band ; the margin before anal angle thickly striated and
browner.
Underside paler, with the markings rather clearer.
Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreons ; face white with black scales; tijis of
palpi darker.
Expanse of wings : 40 mm.
1 <S from Sierra Leone.
ys. Mesothisa gracililinea sjiec. nov.
Forewing : pale ochreous, slightly washed with darker, and dusted with brown
atoms ; the lines fine, pale brown ; first from one-fifth of costa to one-third of
inner margin, angled outwards above and below median vein ; outer line at four-
tifths, starting from a pale brown costal spot, bluntly bent on vein 7, then straight,
with a faint bend outwards on vein 3, to inner margin close to anal angle ; median
shade dill'use and obscure, sinuous, well curved outwards above middle; cell-spot
black, of raised scales ; fringe brown.
Uiiulwimj : like forewing, but without first line, the outer line straight.
Underside with the ground-colour warmer ochreons, the speckling browner,
the lines more distinct ; forewing with a second line, not seen above, at two-thirds,
angled acutely on vein 7, then sirongly incurved and all but louchiiig outer line
on submedian fold ; inner margin whitish ; the cell-sjiots dark in a pale .space ;
truces of a submarginal line.
( 405 )
Head, thorax, and abdomen pale ochreous ; basal segments of abdomeu with
pairs of dark spots on dorsum.
Expanse of wings : 44 mm.
1 S from Ganyouyo, Ivory Coast, May 1903 (Pemberton).
oO. Peridela butaria ab. ? spilota nov.
Larger than Swiiih(ie"s lni/iin(r, rather yellower in coloration, covered with
minute brownish frecklings, which are densest towards base; a nearly vertical
brown line near base and a small brown cell-spot ; outer line bent outwards at
costa and angled below vein 6, much as in the type form and equally indistinct,
followed by a darker band which is parallel to the line and not connected apparently
with the outer margin as in hataria ; this band is marked by dark spots between
the veins ; outer margin jiale, not clouded ; small dark marginal spots between
the veins ; fringe coucolorous.
Hindiving : similar, but without inner line ; the cell-spot large.
Underside with an evenly broad dark grey snbmarginal band, darker between
the veins, quite unconnected with tlie hindmargin ; cell-sputs distinct.
Head, thorax, and abdomen like wings ; face and palpi brown.
Expanse of wings : 35 mm.
1 ? from Taveta.
Although the specimen was accompanied by an undoubted ? of hu.taitK from
the same locality, I am not at all sure that it is not a distinct species.
Subfamily ENNOMINAE.
Genus Miantochora Warr.
?. Forewing : elongate; costa slightly sinuous, depressed at apex, which is
bluntly subfalcate ; hindmargin excised between s and 0, vertically protuberant
between 6 and 4, then oblique.
llindicing : angled at vein 4 ; dentate-lunulate above, and crenulate below
the angulation.
Antennae fine and filiform ; abdomen short, depressed, with long exserted
ovipositor, as in Hyjjosidra.
In general appearance the two ? ? recall those of Geoli/ces (to which Colonel
Swiuhoe would sink the genus : cf. T/: Eiit. Soc. 1004, p. .j18) ; but the hindwing
in that is evenly curved, not angled nor crenulate.
Go. Miantochora incolorata Warr.
The S only was known, when I described the species, 2Coc. Zoo/, vi. p. ri4
(18'jy). The ? ditlers considerably, both in size, outline, and coloration.
Foreicing : ochraceous dusted with darker between tlie inner and outer lines;
first line brown, at one-fourth, oblique from costa to median vein, along which it
runs inwards, then vertical, preceded by a broad baud of olive, the basal area
below the median ochraceous ; just beyond it an obscure median shade starts
from costa, is swollen below median, and runs to middle of inner margin ; outer
line from three-fourths of costa to two-thirds of iimer margin, marked by large
( 406 )
l.niwii sjxits on veins, olili.iiie outwards to vein (1, then strnnuly coDcave inwards,
fullowpd by 11 deep fulvons and olive shade edged with pearl-giey, running vertically
from costa to vein 5 ; beyond this is a paler olive shade dentate outwards between
the veins and edged by the pearly grey subraargiual line ; marginal area pale
lilar.-irrey with ferruginous streaks on the veins, the s])ac,e between veins S and o
ooen]iied by a ereseent-shaiied ]iatcii of dark ferruginous, sejiarated from the olive
shade, between veins Ci and 7 by a rnund pale yellow blotch, and between
veins II and •"> by a round grey-edged black blotch; fringe ferruginous; cell-mark
brown, lunate.
niiiihcinq: pale greyish towards costa, washed with ochraceous beyond; a
pale lilac nearly straight line from liefore ajiex to before anal angle, edged on botii
sides with olive ; internally the olive passes into a brown fulvous baud ; externally
it forms broad teeth between the veins edged by a pale lilac submargiual line;
the ferruginous subapical patch separated by a waved yellow line, and the tooth
between 4 and C filled in with blackish ; an olive-brown cell-spot.
Underside pale ochreous with brown freckling ; the outer margins of both
wings and basal area of forewing olive-grey, edged by a row of brown spots on
veins; the ferruginous subapical patches less marked, but tlie yellow sjiots distinct;
cell-spots and lower half of median lines brown.
Face, vertex, and shoulders pale ochreous, the vertex slightly darker ; patagia,
thorax, and abdomen ochraceous ; palpi externally brown ; abdomen beneath and
legs pale ochreous, the last spotted with brown.
Expanse of wings : 6U mm.
1 ? from Moyamba, Sierra Leone (Cator).
Col. Swlnhoe, in Tr. Eiit. ,Soc. 1904. p. 519, sinks this species to inaequilinea
Warr. ; but that s])ecies has the angulation of both wings in the middle very much
more decided than the present : iimi-qmlinea itself, however, must sink to (jumppen-
hrnji Moeschl., described as a Hi/posidra, Abh. Sowk. (ie>i. xv. p. 90. tig. 5 (1889).
fil. Nopia admiranda sjiec. nov.
Foreuing : pale stone-colour, overlaid with greenish grey and with a faint
tinge of violet ; costa j)nrplish fuscous, beyond middle and at apex spotted with
fulvous ; the lines purjilish fuscous ; first at one-third, shari)ly angled outwards
in the cell; second, slightly crenulate, from before the apical fulvous spot to
two-thirds of inner margin, inwardly diffused with olive : fringe purple-fuscous
in basal half, paler beyond but mottled with dark beyond veins ; eell-si)ot black ;
a very obscure pale submargiual line.
Uiniln-iiKj : the same, with one central line.
Underside bright deep yellow, covered with red-biown striations ; costa of
forewing and all the lines red-brown ; margins of both wings broadly violet-grey,
with a slight lustre.
Face, palpi, and forelegs bright ferrnginous ; vertex and shoulders violet-grey;
thorax and i)atagia cream-colmir ; abdomen (greased) probably the same, with a
dark ring at base ; anteiiiial shall white, the pectinations rufous.
Expanse of wings : 30 mm.
1 (i from Durban, Natal ((i. l'\ licigh).
Distinguished liy the ((dour fr(jui the type species, ^'. soprlnaturia Wlk., which
is reddish.
( 40V )
Genus Xenimpia Warr.
The pxaiii])l('s of X (Vow? Warr., the only species of tlie j^-enns, have hilliei-to
all been ? ?. The d, of whieh a single specimen has at last been received, differs
from the ? in the same way as the c? c? of Proci/phfi from their ? ?. In both
wings the hindmargiu is simjile, neitlier toothed nor excised ; in the forewing it
is scarcely sinnons, in the liindwing bhintly lient at veins 4 and 6. In fact, except
that the antennae of the ? are quite simple, while in Proeypha they are pectinated,
the two genera are identical ; both, however, differ from the genus (h-sonnha in
having veins 10, 11 of forewing coincident instead of separate.
'!2. Xenimpia erosa Warr.
The S of this species is dull pinldsh fawn-colonr, mottled along costa with
dark grey, and blackish grey along its base and through the cell ; the lines are
dark ; the first from one-third of costa is acutely angled on subcostal at the end of
cell, then oblique to one-fourth of inner margin ; the outer line is slightly curved
from two-thirds of costa to inner margin just beyond first line ; the submarginal
line is shown by a black blotch at anal angle and some black and wliite scales
below apex, united by a faint grey cloud ; fringe fawn-colour tipped with white.
Hindwinfi : without speckling or trace of lines.
In neither wing is there a vestige of the hyaline s])aces of the ?.
Underside paler; the markings of forewing jilainer ; tlir liindwing slightly
speckled, and with traces of three or four faint carved lines.
Shoulders and Ijase of patagia, palpi externally, and front of forelegs grey ;
rest of head, thorax, and abdomen like wings.
Expanse of wings : 37 mm.
] S from Durban, Natal, July 19U2 (K. Thorn).
A ? from Durban (G. F. Leigh) agrees with the S hfre described in having
the ground-colour dull red, instead of grey as in the type.
Subfamily PROSOPOLOPHINAE.
63. Axiodes figurata spec. nov.
c?. Forewinji : pale speckled grey, with a darker grey central fascia, edged by
blackish lines and very broad at costa ; first line from one-fourth of costa, oblique
outwards to median vein, then waved inwards to one-third of inner margin ; outer
line from a little before apex, slightly obli(iue inwards to vein 4, then more strongly
and waved to near middle of inner margin, forming a rounded ])rominence outwards
in submedian interspace and a sinus inwards above it; cell-sjiot blackish ; fringe
concolorous.
Ilhidiriiii/ : cinereous grey, with an indistinct waved darker postmedian line
and slight cell-spot.
Underside ashy grey.
Head, thorax, and abdomen ashy grey.
Expanse of wings : 30 mm.
1 c? from the foot of the Nieuwveld Mts., five miles nortli-west of Beaufort
West (Miss Butt).
( 408 )
n4. Axiodes inangulata spec. iiov.
Forcichuj : i)iil{^ gfy, shailL'tl with darker grey and with an admixture of
wliitish grey scales ; costa witli short dark striae ; lines black ; first near base,
forming a conical projection outwards on median vein, obsolete below towards inner
margin, starting from near base of costa; onter line from costa close before apex,
ol>li(|iie inwards and straiglit to vein 4, then sinuous and intiexed to median fold in
middle of wing, where it fcirras a very acute angle, and is retracted to three-fourths
of inner margin, forming a conical projection on vein 1 ; this line is preceded by a
dark olive-brown cloud and finely edged with whitish ; cell-s]iot large, black, lying
on the edge of a streak of whitish scales running in from below costa to end
of cell, and jiroduoed finely along the cell-fold ; an obscure whitish submarginal
line, followed in places by darker shades, and more or less parallel to outer line;
marginal line dark brown ; fringe grey.
IlincliriiK/ : brownish fuscous, with dark cell-spot and pale postmedian line.
Underside brown-grey, with dark sjieckling ; paler along costa, where the
sjieckling is blacker ; marginal dark shades, broader in forewings ; cell-spots black.
Head, thorax, and abdomen grey ; thorax and pectus hairy.
Expanse of wings : 28 mm.
1 c?, 1 ? (the latter worn) from the foot of the Nieuwveld Mountains, five miles
north-west of Beaufort West (Miss Butt).
65. Axiodes intricata spec.nov.
Forew/'n// .- piile purplish grey ; the central fascia darker, olive-fuscons, edged
with very sinuate black lines ; first line thick, from one-third of costa, angled on
median vein, then obliqne inwards, with a smaller angle outwards on vein 1, to
one-third of inner margin ; outer line from five-sixths of costa, excurved and lunulate
to below vein 5, then rnnning inwards to the origin of vein 2, vertical to '^, forming
a rounded jirominence in snbraedian interspace, then oblii|ne inwards to three-fifths
of inner margin ; a large black cell-spot ; this fascia is followed by a fine pale line
and iin olive-fuscous shade, nniformly carved, except for a small indentation on
vein 2, the narrow marginal area and fringe remaining pale grey : all the veins
below middle tinged with red.
Iliiifhciiig : fnscons grey, with black cell-spot and waved dark postmedian line,
most conspicuons on inner margin.
Underside pale grey, darker towards hindmargins ; cell-spots black and distinct ;
onter line fine.
Head, thorax, ;uid abdomen ashy grey.
Expanse of wings : 'id mm.
1 ? from the foot of the Nieuwveld Mountains, five miles north-west of
Beanfort West (Miss Butt).
Hindmargin of wings very faintly crenulate.
60. Axiodes sinuata siiec. nov.
Forewin;/ : fawn-colour, grey-speckled ; the costa with grey striae, thickened
beyond middle; the lines velvety black ; first from one-fourth of costa to one-third
of inner margin, forming a wedge-shaped jirojection above and below the median
vein, and iirccedtd by a diflhse blackish shade ; outer line sinuous, from five-sixths
( 409 )
of costa to three-fifths of inner margin, followed ]>j si diffuse blackisli shade, densest
beyond cell and above inner margin; cell-spot black. Innate; veins towards hind-
margin paler ; fringe fawn-colonr.
Iliiiiliciny : with sinuons black postmedian line, followed by a dark cloud, which
is most intense at inner margin ; cell-sj}ot small.
Underside reddish fawn-colonr, with sparse dark speckling, and striae along
costa of both wings ; cell-spots black.
Head and thorax hairy, greyish fawn-colonr ; abdomen pale fawn ; terminal
segment of palpi fnscons.
E.xpanse of wings : 35 mm.
1 S from the foot of the Nienwveld Mountains, five miles north-west of
Beaufort West (Miss Bntt).
67. Euomoea ochrea spec. nov.
Foreiving : yellow ochreons, with fine sparse blackish transverse striae ; the
lines formed by black dots on veins connected by confluent striae, more thickly
marked at costa; first line at one-third, slightly waved and inclined inwards;
second from four-fifths of costa to three-fifths of inner margin, curved below costa ;
a large black cell-spot, and small black marginal dots ; fringe concolorons.
Hindiving : paler, with slight cell-spot and postmedian line from cell to inner
margin.
Underside yellowish, with few speckles ; outer line of forewing only showing
towards costa ; hindwing with fine curved submargiual line, not visible above.
Head, thorax, and abdomen yellow, the last much paler.
Expanse of wings : 27 mm.
1 S from Tweedie, Natal (Morton).
68. Exelis ansorgei spec. nov.
Forewing : dull dirty grey with darker speckles ; the two lines fuscous ; first,
from one-fourth of costa to middle of inner margin, projecting outwards on suli-
median fold ; outer line from two-thirds of costa, curving inwards over the blackish
cell-sjiot, approaching first line in the submedian space, then outcnrvcd and forming
a double dark mark at three-fourths of inner margin ; fringe grev.
llimhiinq : with an irregularly waved dark line just beyond middle, and traces
of a snbmarginal shade, most visible at anal angle ; a blackish cell-spot.
Underside equally dingy ; the costa of forewing dull ochreons with dark striae.
Thorax and abdomen dull grey ; head and palpi dark brownish.
Exi)anse of wings : 30 mm.
1 i from Degama. Niger Coast Protectorate (Dr. Ansorge).
Hindmargin of forewing long and oblique, passing into inner margin without
forming a distinct anal angle.
( 410 )
NEW SPECIES OP THYRIBIDAE, URANIIBAE, vVND
GEOMETBJDAE, FROM THE ORIENTAL REGION.
By W. WARIiEN, M.A., F.E.S.
Family TlIYl! IDI DAE.
1. Banisia dohertyi ab. nigriflexa nov.
Tliis differs from tyjiical tlnlurtyi Warr. (= stfuosoimi Hmpsii.) in having
ilecj) lilack markings on botli wings. In the forewing the second fascna, fmui behjw
tlie subcostal vein to inner margin, is jinrjilish black, the space between it and the
basal fascia also being darkened ; from its outside edge a purplish black streak runs
along upper half of cell below the subcostal vein, and is continued more narrowlj'
to above the wliite ajiical patch. On the hindwing the same two fasciae are
continued as purjilish lilack vertical bands to anal angle.
2 (Jc? from the north sideof (Jhoiseul Island, Solomons, December \W?> (Meek).
An almost exactly parallel instance of partial melanism occurs in the aberration
atiibamlis Warr. of Phammhura nitens Butler, recorded from New Guinea,
cf y;or. Zool. vi. p. 317 (ISmi).
The type form of (lolwrfi/i ajipears to be widely distributed : if is reconled by
Hampson from Ceylon and Padang, Sumatra ; my type was from Bali ; and I iiave
since seen specimens from Isabel Island, Solomons ; from Upjier Aroa River, New
(Juinea : and from Mulgrave Iliver, Cairns, (Queensland (the last from the Barnard
( 'uliection).
''■ Banisia plagiata spec. nov.
FovfiriiKj : jiale ochreous, tinged and reticulated with pale red-brown : costal
streak and fascia-form markings deep brown ; these are a uiirrow band near base,
a vertical antemedian fascia, slightly broader above, a sinuate postmedian fascia
mnch broader above middle, a curved band from before apex to middle of hind-
margin, and a square lilotch at anal angle ; between the submediau fold and vein 2
a pale spot on each side of the outer fascia is hyaline white, and the pnlc ajiical
blotch is subhyaline ; fringe dark brown.
Himhcing : with a narrow band near liase, a bifurcate fascia in middle, a
narrow postmedian and snbapical band dark brown ; the sjiaces in middle of wing
round I lie liifnrcate fascia semihyaline white.
Underside similar.
Head, thorax, and anal lialf of abdomen dark brown; vertex liglitcr ; basal
half of abdomen pale ochreous, dusted with reddish, and with the dorsum dark.
Expanse of wings : 20 mm.
1 (J from south side of Choiseul Ishmd, Solomons, IJecember 19U3 (Meek),
Genus Canaea Walk.
This geuQs, made by Walker for ,-i(7////t's«t7/rt^a, from Borneo (cf. Joiini. Linn.
Soc. vii. p. 73), is differentiated from all other genera of Tlti/rididae. with whicii
I iim accjuainted by the structure of tiie antennae of the i . These are pectinated,
( 411 )
bnt niiiseriate, the pectinations curved and close, thickened towards their extremity
aud ciliated thronghont, gradually decreasing in size towards the apex. At present,
as far as I know, the type species is the sole representative of the genus.
3. Striglina cnrvilinea spec. nov.
Very much like S. scitaria Wlk., for which it may he easily mistaken ; bnt the
dark oblique line of forewing does not run straight from apex to middle of inner
margin, but is curved outwards and reaches inner margin beyond middle, brown,
and less strongly marked than in scitaria ; the gronnd-colour is oclireous yellow
and the striae brown ; a very faint brownish mark stands at the upper end of the
cell, from which there is sometimes the trace of a straight line of connected striae
meeting the obliipie line at vein 2. On the hindwing tiie line is aiitemedian and
thicker, and a curved line of striae runs from costa beyond it to near anal angle.
Underside the same, both wings with small brown cell-spot.
Expanse of wings : c? 22 mm. ; ? 2o mm.
1 (?, 1 ¥ from Bougainville, Solomon Islands, April 19i»4 (Meek).
I have seen other examples from the Solomon Islands, but have passed them
over as small scitaria.
4. Striglina scalata ab. nigrata nov.
Differs from the type form of scalata Warr. in having the forelegs, the base
of patagia, the basal segment of abdomen, and often the segmental rings, black :
all the dark markings of the wings are at the same time more numerous and
blacker. In the ? especially the dark markings are strongly expressed and the
ground-colour flushed with fulvous.
3 (?cJ, 2 ? ? from Bougainville, Solomon Islands, April 1904 (Meeh).
Family URAXimAE.
Subfamily EPIPLEMINAE.
5. Epiplema brunnea spec. nov.
Fi>re/ri/}ff : smoky grey-brown, without speckles except along costal edge ;
the lines thick, dark brown ; first obscure aud interrupted, at one-third, marked by
a slight cnrve or angle in cell and on submedian fold ; outer line at two-thirds,
nearly vertical, but slightly outbent at vein 4, and inbent on sulimediaii fold ;
a waved submargiual line from apex to vein 3 ; the two outer lines are edged
outwardly, and the liasal inwardly with ferrnginous ; liindmarginal area slightly
paler brown ; fringe brown.
Iliii'liring : with outer line angled on vein 4 and pale-edged outwardly;
a brown streak on discoeelliilar, meeting a brown line along median vein ; a brown
shade from upper tooth to below lower tooth ; marginal area paler.
Underside of forewing dull smoky brownish, i)aler along inner margin ; of
hindwing paler, with dark jjostmedian line.
Head, thorax, and abdomen like wings ; face and palpi black.
Expanse of wings : 20 mm.
1 ? from Obi Major (^\'aterstradt).
Hindmargin of forewing bent at veins 0 and 3 ; hindwing toothed at 4 and 7.
r 412 )
<i. Epiplema catenigera spec. nov.
Forewing : lilac-grey, with faintly darker rippling ; costa striated with fiiscons ;
lines brown ; first curved liefore oiie-tliird ; second I'roui costa before two-thirds,
obliijnely crenulate outwards and angled on vein 4, tlieu interrupted and ending
at two-thirds of inner margin as a brown spot; submarginal line of small brown
blotches, edged inwardly with darker, from apex to anal angle, those beyond cell
obscurely double, those below middle becoming linear; fringe concolorons ; a slight
dark jiatch at anal angle.
/h'l/thriiii/ : without striations except just at apex and towards inner margin :
a short brown line near base ; an outer Iient brown line, angled on vein 4, and
edged witli oehreous, followed by a fulvous flush, and preceded below middle by
a broad brown lunate shade ; a ferruginous line from base along median vein
forming an angle with a narrower diseal streak ; a dark brown line of coalescent
Innnles along hindmargin from upper tooth to below lower tooth, crossed by a
pale dash on veins 3 and 4.
Underside pale lilac-grey ; tlie hinilwing slightly striated and still paler.
Head, thorax, and abdomen like wings ; face and jnilpi black.
Expanse of wings : 22 mm.
1 (S from Bougainville, Solomon Islands, April 1004 CMeek).
Distinguished from plica fa Snell., to which it is closely allied, by the sub-
marginal Hue of spots extending from apex to anal angle.
7. Epiplema cretistriga spec. nov.
Like E. plicata Snell. from Celebes and Java., but with all the dark markings
finely edged with oehreous. This is particularly noticeable in the hindwiug, where
the dark marginal shade, extending from upper tooth to anal angle, and in its
upper course peculiarly sinuous, is conspicuously margined with ])ale ; the bright
ferruginous streak from base above median vein is edged above along the fold
by a line of bright cream-colonr, which forms a spot at the end within the fork
formed by the streak and the obli(|ne discal mark.
The whole of the hindwiug is peculiarly smooth and devoid of sjieekling.
The abdomen luis a dark ring at base, and in the cf is elongate and ends
in a long oehreous anal tuft.
Expanse of wings : c? is mm. ; ? 22 mm.
1 (?, 1 ? from the north side of Ohoiseul Island, Solomons, December 19ii3
(Meek).
.'^. Epiplema exsanguis s]iec. nov.
Forriring: chaik-wliite ; costa with short black striae; three transverse bnff
lines ; first at one-fonrtli, bent on median vein, thick and sometimes interrnpted ;
second at one-half, double and biangulate, reaching inner margin beyond middle,
the inner arm marked by a black spot between veins 1 and 2 ; third interrupted,
formed of a patch on costa and at anal angle and a slighter shade before middle of
hindmargin, marked above by a black spot above vein (1 and sometimes by another
slighter spot below that vein; a marginal line of brownish striae ; fringe jiale, with
darker dividing line.
Hi ml wing : costa with black olilhpie striae as in forewing; tlie three lines as
in forewing ; the second wilhont the black spot above inner margin ; the third
( 413 )
accompanied by fine darker striae ; a blackish dot before lower tooth and some
bnff shades between the teeth ; fringe white tipped witli dark, the apex of the
upper tooth blackish.
Underside of forewiug snfFiised with pale brownish grey, except along costa
and inner margin, the two outer lines rather darker and nearly straight ; hiudwing
with a few striae only ; costa of both wings with short black striae ; of forewing
blackish at base.
Head, thorax, abdomen, and legs pure white; the tarsi with black joints;
forelegs fnscous in front and internally.
Expanse of wings : 16—17 mm.
9 ? ? from Mt. Wnchi, Hainan, May 19(l3.
Nearest to E./nlrHhiea Hmpsn., which has no dark spot above middle of inner
margin ; also resembling E. paradeicta Warr., from Celebes, in the forewing.
The hindmargin of forewing is slightly bent at veins G and 3, straight between ;
hindwing with two slender teeth.
'■'. Epiplema guttata spec. nov.
Forewinff : mouse-grey, densely covered with fine dark striae; a dark cell-sjmt,
and a small spot obliquely below it on submedian fold nearer base ; outer line brown,
at two-thirds, bluntly bent outwards on vein 4 and marked by three dark spots,
one Ijelow subcostal vein, the second above vein 4, the third on submedian fold ;
sometimes the spots are taint, in other cases the line itself is almost obsolete ; a
slight brownish marginal cloud from vein T to 4, containing three black spots
between veins on its inner edge, the lower one often obsolete ; a fine marginal line ;
fringe pale grey.
Ilimhcinij : with the outer line angled on vein 4, with spots as in forewing ;
two dark spots on margin between the teeth.
Underside paler grey, with the striae fewer, but stronger and blacker.
Face and palpi black ; thorax and abdomen grey like wings ; vertex paler.
Expanse of wings : 24 — 2(1 mm.
4 c?c?, 4 ? ? from New Georgia, Solomons, March 1904 (Meek).
In the ¥ the hindmargin of forewing is faintly indented between veins 0 and 4
and in the hindwing excised from T to 4, with slight teeth at 4 and 7 ; in the J the
excision iu both wings is much less, and the hindmargin at vein 4 of hindwing is
rounded. The antennae of the S are clavate serrate.
In. Epiplema lignicolor spec. nov.
Foretcing : dull wood-browu, finely speckled with black brown; the costa,
especially at base, with short dark streaks; lines obscure, marked by brownish
scaling ; first from one-fourth of costa to one-third of inner margin, angled on
median vein; second from two-thirds of costa, forming a_lilackish subcostal mark,
bent outwards beyond cell, and oblique inwards from vein 4, followed on inner
margin by an irregular blotch of black bniwu scales ; another blotch at anal angle ;
a slight curved brown black line before the excision ; fringe concolorous.
lUmhciny : more suffused with brown and speckled with darker ; an outer dark
brown line bluntly toothed on vein 4 and below it somewhat creuulate ; marginal
area filled, especially towards costa, by a dark shade, most intense in the ? , and
sometimes with a submarginal line indicated ; a brown sinuous streak from upper
(414)
footli to vein ^i, outwardly with a fiiio ochreous edging before the dark iirowii fiiiigc,
inwardly witli a tooth on vein o; an indistinct lirown cnrved liasal line.
Underside dull wood- lirown ; in the forewing sull'nsed with fuseons except
along costal and hind margins, and with a Mack lilolch at anal angle ; in the hind-
wing paler, with a dark snbraarginal fascia.
Head, thorax, and abdomen wood-brown ; face and palpi })lack.
Expanse of wings : 28 — lid mm.
'■i f^(i,2 5 ? from Bougainville, Solomon Islands, M:\y 1'.mi4 (ilcek).
Nearest to bicolor Warr., from Ron Island, but of ipiite ditfcrent cidoration.
Antennae with lengthened olavate teeth.
11. Epiplema nigropustulata sjiec nov.
Fore wi /Iff : chalk-white; costa with a few fine oehreous and blackish streaks ;
a black spot near base, and another at middle ; from the latter a crenulated black
line, lient on vein ti, runs to median vein, followed by a broad fulvous yellow shade,
of which a very faint trace is visible on inner margin; a yellowish snbraarginal
shade, narrow at costa, broader below middle, interrupted between ; three black
dots before hindmargin, two beyond cell, the other on snbmedian fold ; fringe bnff,
whiter towards anal angle, with a large black sjjot at apex.
Ilhi<hriiiii : with a yellow spot near base above inner margin ; a yellow central
baud, with a tine black edge above inner margin, followed beyond cell by a dilfuse
fnlvous cloud, which below vein 4 jiasses into an oehreous grey cloud with darker
striae ; costa with yellow striae ; two fnlvous black-edged lunules between the
teeth, the fidvous colour running out into each tooth, which is tipped with black ;
fringe white, with an interrupted butf basal line, and a black dot at the end of each
tooth.
Head, thorax, and abdomen white; jialpi and legs white spotted with black ;
black spots at base of antennae and top of fiice.
Underside of forewing except inner margin and fringe dark grey ; of hindwing
white ; the black spot at apex of fringe of forewing well marked.
Expanse of wings : 20 mm.
1 (? from Obi Major (Waterstradt).
12. Epiplema umbrimargo spec. nov.
Vnrewinq : oehreous drab, speckled with brownish fuscous; costa dark
s])eckled ; lines interrnpte<l : tirst at about one-third, strongly ontcnrved, but
marked mainly by a brown dash below subcostal vein, touching an oblique
ferruginous cell-mark, and by an obliqne line inward from snbmedian fold to inner
margin ; outer line dilfuse, brown mixed with ferruginous, from a brown costal
mark at two-thirds, angled at veins (i and 4 and partially double in middle, then
incurved to a brown blotch beyond middle of inner margin ; three brown costal
spots before apex ; some brown striae before hindmargin, edged by a perfectly
straight line from apex to vein 2 ; fringe concolorons.
Jliiidiriiiff : rather browner, with an outer line bluntly bent at vein 4, and a
brownish shade from upjier to below lower tooth, above which are some lustrous
scales.
Underside oehreous, suffuseil with fuscous grey in forewing, with only a fuscous
grey submarginal fascia in hindwing.
( 415 )
Face aud iiiilpi black ; vertex, thorax, anil aliilnmeu like winu's.
Expanse of wings : 25 mm.
2 (S tS from the sonth side of dhoisenl Island, Solomons, December I '.mi;!
(Meek).
Forewing slightly toothed at vein 4, the excision above it shallow ; hiudwing
toothed at 4 and 7. Belongs to the group of closely allied sjiecies, including
stiijmatalis, ligiiicolor, hk'olor, etc.. The antennae with distinct clavate teeth.
13. Epiplema ustanalis sjicc. nov.
(?. Foretciiiy : dull chalk-white freckled with pale grey, sometimes with dark
violet-grey ; costa thickly marked with brown black striae ; lines very obscure and
interrujfted ; first indicated only liy dark sagittate marks on submediau fold, in cell,
aud on subcostal vein ; second by a subcostal spot at two-thirds, then running out
as a tine thread to vein 5, thence oblique inwards to two-thirds of inner margin ; au
irregular brownish streak of three coalescent lunules before the excision, and some
brown-grey spots aud streaks above anal angle ; fringe brown, slightly mottled with
grey.
Himhring : white striated with brown and grey ; these striae above the
median form irregular dark blotches, antemediau, median, and postmediau ; a
slight brown line near base, and a dark brown outer line angled on vein 4, and
below the median cimsjiicnous and thickened ; the anal space beyond it and partially
just liefore it brown-grey, mixed with slightly lustrous violet scales, jdined to costa
submarginally by a Instrous streak edged with brownish ; an irregular brown shade
of contiguous lunules along margin from upper to l)elow lower tooth, finely edged
with whitish before the dark brown fringe ; an interrupted ferruginous streak along
cell above the median vein.
Underside dull blurred cinereous Ijrowu, paler in hiudwing, especially towards
base and along and beyond cell.
Vertex, thorax, and abdomen like wings; the anal segments of abdomen
sprinkled with brown scales ; face aud palpi black ; forelegs and pectus smoky
brown.
? with body and forewing wholly dull grey-brown ; the base and a postmediau
shade darker.
Expanse of wings : S 35 mm ; ? 4(i mm.
7 cJcJ, 1 ¥ from north side of Choiseul Island, Solomons, December l'J03
(Meek).
Allied to E. coendeodisca, and roeruleopicta Warr., which which it agrees in
form of wings.
14. Epiplema ustiplaga spec. nov.
Fon'witKj : white ; costa with butt' striations, those near base mixed with
fuscous and extemling into the cell ; an obscure inner line at one-fourth, rarely
visible below middle; an interrupted macular line at one-half, including a dark
cell-spot, and a black spot above vein I ; a buff blotch ou costa before apex aud on
inner nuxrgin before anal angle, a third on hinilmargin bctwi'i'u veins 4 and (J,
extending narrowly along margin to ajiex ; a black submargiual spot above vein (J ;
fringe buli' from apex to vein 3, then white.
llindwing : white ; the outer lialf of wing below vein li fulvous, containing in
(416 )
the middle a large cIulhI nf Mack striiie luul traces of a median liue ; sometimes hear
base there are traces of a fulvous line ; a buff marginal lint', blackish between the
teeth ; fringe white, with the tips buff.
Underside of forewing brownish grey, except along inner margin ; of hindwing
white with a few buff striae along costa ; a dark lunnle before upper tooth and a
spot below lower tooth.
Head, thorax, and abdomen white; face white, with the upper third brown-
bhuk ; jjaljii black, with the tips of the segments white ; tarsi spotted with
fuscous.
E.xpanse of wings : IT ram.
4 Jc? from Mt. Wuchi, Hainan, May lOul?.
Like E. J'lihata Warr., with which it agrees in the forewing.
1-Ti. Epiplema vacuata spec. nov.
Vorewiiuj : chalk-white ; costa with a few dark striae : a brown costal spot at
base, another at one-sixth, indicating' first line, which is faint, a third just before
middle; from this a median butf line is slightly excurved to vein 4, where it is
contiguonB internally to a brown linear cell-mark, and ends in a vertical streak at
middle of inner margin reaching submedian fold ; a buff spot on costa before apex;
a row of small bufl' submarginal spots, sometimes with brown internal edges, the
margin beyond them above middle and the marginal line also buff ; fringe white,
tinged with buff' above middle, with a large black spot at apex and tipped with dark
beyond veins 4 and 6.
Ilindwing : with a buff s])ot at base of median vein, another on submedian fold
before middle, and one on costa before apex ; the marginal area from upper to
lower tooth filled with butf, as well as the teeth themselves, the tips of the fringes
of which are edged with dark.
Underside white ; forewing, excejit along inner margin and more narrowly
along hindmargin, brown-grey ; fringes white, with dark tips at apex of forewing
and beyond veins 4 and 0 of forewing and 4 and 7 of hindwing ; hindwing with two
yellow submarginal spots.
Head, thorax, and abdomen white : top of face and tips of segments of palj)i
black : legs white ; forelegs black-mottled.
Expanse of wings : S ~2 mm ; ? Ki mm.
(5 cJcT, 1 ? from north side of Choiseul Island, Solomons, December 19U3
(Meek).
Forewing toothed at apex and vein 0 ; hindwing at veins 4 and T.
The ?, which is much smaller, has the buff' markings and lines better developed
and darker, and a round black cell-spot in both wings ; the face is wholly white,
and the palpi, whicli arc shorter and feebler, wholly black.
)<i. Epiplema vinculata sjiec. nov.
Foreirhuj : bone-colour, with fine short brown striatinns and some coarse
scattered black atoms ; first liue dark brown, strongly marked, close to base,
vertical from subcostal to submedian -vein, bent basewards at each end, forming a
bracket-shaped mark, the incladeu basal area tinged with greyish brown in lower
half; outer line from just beyond middle of costa bent outwards and slightly angled
at vein fj and more strongly at vein 4, then inclined inwards and almost obsolete
(417 )
to two-thirds of inner margin, where it is followed l»y a lilack-brown mark ; a
brownish grey cloud before hiudmargiu from below apex to vein 3, its inner edge
lunulate ; some dark streaks at anal angle ; fringe concolorous.
HiruhviiKj : except at anal angle suffused with brownish ; a small bracket-
shaped basal line, a dark brown distinctly pale-edged outer line, forming a blunt
beak at vein 4 ; a brown lunulate line from upper tooth to vein 3, swollen from 5
to 3 into two blotches containing steel-blue scales, separated by a pale streak ;
a broad pale streak from base along median vein below a jiale black-speckled streak,
joined by an obIi(iue pale brown-edged streak on discocellular ; above the middle
the outer pale line is edged with brown followed by a steel-blue streak ; anal region
below vein 4 bone-coloured with some dark scattered scales.
Underside bone-colour coarsely brown speckled ; forewing entirely and
hindwing along hindmargin tinged with dull brown : blackcell-spots in both wings.
Vertex, antennae, thorax, and abdomen bone-colour ; basal segment of abdomen
with a pair of brown spots ; the dorsum slightly brownish tinged : face and palpi
black.
Expanse of wings : 'M mm.
2 6"c? from Hariba Island, British New Guinea (Meek).
Both wings broad and short ; hindmargin of forewing curved, of hindwing
with three blunt teeth at 4, 5, (i ; antennae thick, with close curved clavate teeth.
Family GEOMETlilDAE.
Subfamily OENOCHROMINAE.
1". Alex longipecten spec, no v.
This species differs from continmta Wlk. and aumntiata Warr., both of which
it much resembles, in having the pectinations of the i antennae very much longer.
The ground-colour of both wings is brownish fulvous speckled with black, "the
costa dotted ochreous and black, and brown-black at base ; the lines both red,
the first fine, the second thickened and diffused externally, and stopping short at
vein 7 ; in the hindwing the costal area is dee]) yellow, unspeckled ; the sub-
marginal shade very faint ; cell-si)ot in the forewing only brown and diffuse.
Underside of both wings rich fulvous, with black speckling, black cell-spots,
and black submarginal shades.
Abdomen and palpi beneath and the pectus the same rich fulvous ; palpi
above, face, and shoulders deeji brownish fulvous ; thorax paler ; abdomen red-
brown.
Expanse of wings : 48 mm.
1 S from New Georgia, Solomon Islands, March 1904 (Meek).
I have seen many more examples from different islands of the Solomon
group, all agreeing in the S antennae.
18. Eumelea infulata spec. nov.
ForcwiiKj : basal half ochreous whilisli, thickly dusted and striated with rusty
brown ; this space is limited by a broad vortical baud of deep rosy, aud succeeded
by a similar but somewhat narrower band of pale yellow ; marginal area beyond it
bright rosy with deeper striae ; a series of yellow marginal luuules between the
( 418 )
veins ; the iViuge rosy ; the costa is pale throughout, without striati.ms except
towards base, where they are pale purplish.
Hindwing : the same; the basal area more sutFused witli rnsty ; the hands
narrower towards inner margin : the pale band with rusty striae, a iew of which
are visible also in the forewing : apex whitish yellow.
Underside similar, but the basal area yellow with led striations and no
suffusion.
Face, palpi, and shoulders rosy; verte.x whitish, with a few red scales ; jiiitagia,
thorax, and abdomen suffused with rusty ; underside of abdomeu blotched with rosv.
Expanse of wings : 5i mm.
1 ? from the south side of Choiseul Island, .Solomons, January 19ii4 (Meek).
A very distinct and striking form, rej)resented unfortunately by this single
female.
ly. Eumelea phoenissa sjiec. nov.
Forewing : wholly deep rosy, the striae being deeper than the ground-colour ;
the lines deep rosy, but obscure ; inner line curved and marked only by a blotch
above and another obliquely below the median vein ; cell-spot ocelloid, deep rosy ;
outer line slender, oblique from inuer margin just beyond middle, not curved iu to
costa at cell Imt becoming obsolete before reaching it ; costa itself dull yellow with
rosy and plum-coloured striae ; fringe and marginal spots all deep rosy.
Hindwing : deep rosy, the basal half of costa only yellowish white ; an
obscure central rosy line.
Underside deep rosy, the ground-colour slightly paler.
Head, thorax, and abdomen all red; the lower part of face and jial pi below
marked with yellow.
Expanse of wings : 52 mm.
1 (? from Obi Major (Waterstradt).
This form from Ubi seems to be consistently deeper and intenser red than
any other.
Lissomma gen. nov.
This genus agrees with Uyi>ographa Guen. in nenration of wings, notably in
the anastomosis of costal and subcostal of hindwing, as well as in the promment
forehead and the uuiseriate antennae of both sexes. But the eyes are not ciliated,
the hiudmargins of the wings arc not even crennlate, while the coldriitimi and
style of markings are totally different.
Type : Lissomma kimerata spec. nov.
The species I described as IIi//iograpka pallida {Nor. Zool. ix. p. 347),
identical, I believe, with Monoctcina miniita ? and M. ozora c? {Swink., A. <)• M.
\'MrZ. i. J). I(i7), will stand as Lissomma mimita Swinh.
20. Lissomma himerata sj.ec. nov.
Forewing: deep pink, crossed by two faint lines inwardly oblique; the Hrst,
from three-fifths of costa to middle of inner margin, straight ; the second slightly
curved, from just before apex to three-fourths of inner margin ; the lines themselves
are slightly deeper pink, edged, the first inwardly, the second outwardly, faintly
with jialer; fringe jiink.
( 419 )
Iliiidwinf/: with tlie ontcr lino only; the costal lialf of wing wLitisli.
Underside pink ; the inner margin of forewiiig narrowly, of hindwing broadly,
whitish.
Head, thorax, and abdomen ]nnk.
Expanse of wings : 35 mm.
1 ? from Eareka, N. Territory of South Australia, Febrnary 1903 (Tunuey).
The insect reminds one KnperficiaJly of a small Ilimcia pennaria.
~1. Noreia dentilineata siiec. nov.
Fori'iciiKj : rufons brown ; with two olive-brown lines and a dark cell-spot ;
the lines dcntate-lnnnlate, not straight as in other species of the genus ; first
curved, from one-fourth of costa to one-third of inner margin ; the teeth on the
veins pointing outwards ; second from three-fourths of costa, outwardly oblique
to below vein C), then ol)li(ine inwards to two-thirds of inner margin ; fringe
concolorous.
Iliiahvimj : with outer line only, curving parallel to hindmargin, at two-thirds.
Underside with cell-spots and outer lines only, these not corresponding to
those of upperside but nearer middle of wing, both curved beyond cell-spot, thick,
not dentate-lnnnlate ; tufts of crimson hairs on subincdian fold at two-thirds, and
on hindmargin at middle.
Head, thorax, and abdomen concolorous with wings ; face black-brown.
Expanse of wings : 32 mib.
1 6 from Cagayan Snlu (Cator).
Subfamily ORTHOSTIXINAE.
22. Desmobathra albimacula.
Eunielai alliiiiiacuhi Warr., Xov, Zool, iv. p. 21) (18'J7).
This species was described from a c? of wlu'ch the head jiarts were damaged.
A well-preserved c? from the same island. Obi, has lately arrived, from which I am
enabled to add the following ])articnlars : —
Palpi externally jiurplish brown like the wings ; face brownish yellow with
two purjilish spots in middle ; vertex fnlvous ; collar and shoulders yellow.
1 c? from Obi Blajor (Waterstradt).
The species must be transferred to Dusmohathra.
23. Ozola convergens spec. nov.
ForciciiHj : whitish, dusted and speckled with grey ; costa dotted with
blackish ; lines blackish, well defined ; first strongly outcurved in middle from
one-fourth of costa to one-fourth of inner margin, preceded by a fuscous shade ;
outer line from three-fourths of costa to two-thirds of inner margin uniformly curved
inwards to submedian fold, where it closely approaches inner line and is slightly
curved outwards and becomes vertical ; it is preceded in its upper course and
followed below the curve by a fuscous shade ; a submarginal dark line parallel to
hindmargin, darkest above middle of wing, followed beyond cell by a fuscous cloud
to hindmargin; a row of black marginal points; fringe iron-grey; cell-spot
distinct, black.
28
( 42U )
tlindwing : paler, less speckled; a black cell-spot followed by a siuuons
mediau Hue blackest on inner marjiiu, joined at vein 5 by an outer grey line from
inner margin ; submarginal line and marginal spots as in forewiug ; fringe grey.
Underside like npper.
Head, thorax, and abdomen whitish, dnsted with dark grey.
Expanse of wings : L'L' mm.
1 S from Diyatalawa ('amp, Ceylon, 42iMt feet (Fiudlay).
Subfamily DYSPHANIIXAE.
24. Dysphania flavimargo.
Di/.i/iliiniiti c'jiinr a.h.fiivimarg') Warr., Xnr. Znol. i.x. p. 350 (1902).
The aberration. /for/wwryo was described from a ? ; bnt now that I have seen
a (? from the same locality, Tenimber Islands, I am satisfied that the species is
distinct from c>/ane Cram. In the cJ the head, thorax, and abdomen are nearly
wholly deep yellow, the purple bands of c>/aiic being reduced to insignificant
greyish marks. The paler interspaces of the forewings are hyaline blue, not
white ; the broad pale fascia before the middle of wing, interrupted above vein 1
in ci/aric, is continued obliijnely inwards to middle of inner margin. In the hiud-
wing the cell-spot is much more conspicuous, and continued the whole length of
the discocellnlar ; the yellow marginal border, which is not entire as in the ? ,
but invaded by a series of dark hinules along the margin, is of a deeper, more
orange shade than in ci/ane proper.
Subfamily GEOMETRINAE.
2.3. Agathia olivacea sjiec. nov.
Forewli/i/ : pea-green, the markings in the main olive-grey ; costa drab, paler
along the extreme edge, with minute black marks ; basal patch olive-grey ;
antemedian band rather broad, from subcostal vein at about one-third to inner
margin at two-fifths, bent outwards on median and submediau veins and inwards
immediately below median ; a broad olive-grey snbmargiual fascia with irregular
edges, really formed of striations through which the brighter green of the ground-
colour ai)i)ears in places ; marginal area of ground-colour, forming an oblong
(luadratc patch between veins 5 and 7, the apex and a patch below it olive-grey;
fringe olive-grey.
lliiiihciiiij : with the olive-grey area marginal, and occupying more than
half of wing ; a patch of bright green on margin from apex nearly to vein 4,
and a smaller one within anal angle ; the tooth at vein 4 slight, with a vinous
marginal sjiot between it and vein 3 ; cell-spot grey, at ujipor end of discocellular ;
fringe olive-grey.
Underside whitish green ; the submarginal fasciae on both wings vinous
fuscous, with a blackish band on their inner edge ; the inner baud of forewiug
dark vinous ; fringe ])ale green, tijiped with brown in i)laces.
Face and pal2>i above olive-grey, below whitish ; fillet jialc olive-greun ;
vertex, shoulders, patagia, and dorsum bright green ; thorax pale green ; under-
side of abdomen and legs pale green.
Ex]ianse of wings : 44 mm.
1 ? from the south side of Choisenl Island, Solomons, January 1UU4 (Meek).
( 421 )
26. Agathiopsis subflavata spec nov.
Forcichu/ : pale, somewhat yellowish greeu ; costa varied with olive-browu ;
a red dot at base below median vein ; first line obscure, indicated by rusty dots
on the veins and folds and a larger spot on inner margin ; a red discal spot ;
outer line lunulate-deutate at three-fourths, parallel to hindmargin, interrupted,
dull rusty, followed by a large dull blackish pale-dusted blotch at anal angle,
reaching vein 3, and a smaller blotch beyond cell not reaching margin ; a row
of rust-red marginal lunules, swollen into wedge-shaped marks towards costa ;
fringe whitish.
Ilindwbiy : with rusty cell-sjjot and interrupted outer line, followed by a
narrow blackish blotch at apex, and some fust-coloured spots beyond cell and
at anal angle ; fringe and marginal lunules as in forewing.
Underside pale green suti'used with dull yellow, the only markings being
the black-brown blotches of the outer line.
Face, vertex, thorax, and abdomen green ; the last with pale crests, and
towards anus tinged with olive brownish ; jialpi tinged with brownish ; fillet
snow-white, with a bright red line behind; abdomen beneath and legs yellowish
ochreous ; antennae reddish fuscous.
Expanse of wings : 44 mm.
1 S from the north side of Choiseul Island, Solomons, December 1903 (Meek).
The underside alone will distinguish this species from A. baaipUuja.
27. Anisogamia albifimbria.
Anisoyamia alhifiinhria Warr., Noc. Zuul. x. \>. 202, J (U)U3j.
The c? differs from the ¥ of this species, first, in being slightly smaller ;
secondly, in having the white markings, especially towards the margins, less
expressed ; and thirdly the marginal lunules, which in the ? are brown-grey,
are dark green.
5 cJJ, 2 ? ? from Bougainville, April l'.)04, and 4 d"c?, 2 ¥ ? from the north
side of Choiseul Island, Solomons. The original type was from Isabel Island.
28. Chrysochloroma nubecula spec. nov.
Forewimj : dull green ; marked with olive fuscous transverse striae, excejjt
along two bauds, antemedian and postmcdian, which have a slight bluish tinge
and are free from dark atoms ; cell-spot black ; costa white, except at extreme
base ; a crennlate, rust-red marginal line ; fringe shining white.
Hindwing : similar.
Underside whitish green ; costa of forewing ochreous ; marginal line rust-red.
Upper half of face and palpi externally ferrnginous red ; pali)i internally
and lower part of face ochreous ; fillet and antennae snow-white ; vertex, thorax,
and abdomen green ; abdomen beneath and legs ochreous white ; forelegs reddish
in front.
Expanse of wings : 44 mm.
3 ¥ ¥ from Sariba Island, British New Guinea (Meek).
Resembling ('. mei/alo/itera Lower, from Queensland, in having no marked
lines ; but in that species the head, [lalpi, and forelegs arc green and the cell-
spots ferruginous.
( 422 )
29. CUorochroma imparicomis spec. nov.
Foivirimi ; pale green, with faint, traces of live paler waved lines ; tbree
beyond middle at even distances apart, exterior and two snliterrainal, all jiarallel
to hindniargin ; two, basal and antemedian, more curved ; costal edge white to
near apex, underlined by a dull yellow streak which runs to apes ; fringe pale
green ; no cell-spot.
Ffi)ir/>riii<j : the same, but without distinct basal line.
Underside piile green overlaid with brownish yellow, especially towards costa
of forewing, which itself is consjn'cuously white.
Face bright brick-red ; palpi pale green, tipped above with reddish ; fillet
white, vertex behind yellow ; thorax and abdomen pale green ; legs white, fore-
legs in front reddish tinged ; shaft of antennae snow-white; outer row of pectinations
very long, twice the length of the inner.
Expanse of wings : 17 mm.
1 S from Townsville, Queensland (Dodd).
30. Chlorochroma quieta.
ludis quieta Lucas, Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland viii. p. 79, (J (1802).
Ceimchlora fellr Warr., Nov. Zool. v. p. 12 (1898).
Though I have not seen a named example of quieta Lucas, I am satisfied
that the species described by me as Cenochlora felix is identical.
The genus Cenochlora will sink ; the separate origin of veins 3 and 4 in
both wings is the normal structure in Chlorocliroiim.
31. Leucodesmia confusa spec nov.
■ Like L. cMomriiyra AVlk., from Borneo, but the silvery border on hindmargin
is swollen into a triangular projection beyond cell, and at two-thirds of the costa
a tooth projects outwards towards it ; the silvery margin is finely edged internally
with red, and the costal projection and that at anal angle are filled up with pale
yellow ; the head, thorax, and abdomen are all pinkish ochreons, only the shoulders
and patagia being green.
Expanse of wings : 22 mm.
1 ? from Diyatalawa Camp, Ceylon, J'JUU ft. (Fiudlay).
This Ceylon form is always different from the Boruean.
32. Oenospila stellata.
OennnpiXa slclhla Warr., Nov. Zool. iii. p. 292 (1896).
This species, described originally from Fergusson Island, occurs also in Woodlark
Island, in New Guinea, Sariba Island, and other places. It varies considerably
both in size and clearness of markings. The types were 30 mm. in expanse,
bnt cJcJ occur of only 22 mm.; the average size may be put at 26 mm.; the
ontiT lini- is sometimes conii)letely red, dentate-lunulate, at others marked by
red jioints only on veins, and at times entirely absent, except for the spots on
subcostal vein and inner margin : the cell-spots are always orange-red ; sometimes
an inner line is indicated by a red spot on subcostal vein above the cell-spot of
( 423 )
forewing ; the underside of forewing is suffused towards costa with yellowish green
scales.
Face and palpi externally green ; thorax and abdomen green ; fillet and
antennae white.
SuisFAMiLY STERRHINAE.
33. Emmiltis placida spec. nov.
Forewing : bonc-colonr, without any speckling ; lines very faint, only the
median and outer visible, pale ochreous, parallel to each other; fringe and a
narrow marginal border pale ochreous ; cell-spot black and large.
Ilindwing: like forewing, but the inner line autemedian, preceding cell-spot.
Underside like upper, but the forewing slightly ochreous-tinged, the costa
yellowish.
Thorax and abdomen bone-colour ; collar ochreous ; verte.\: white ; face and
palpi blackish.
Expanse of wings : <? 20 mm. ; ? 22 mm.
Both sexes from the north side of C'hoiseul Island, Solomons, December I0i)3
(Meek).
Distingnishcd by the extreme smoothness of the scaling.
34. Emmiltis plenistigma spec. nov.
Foreichu/ : bone-colonr, nndusted ; the markings greyish ochreous, all curved
parallel to hindmargin ; basal line very fine ; median shade slightly lunulate-
dentate, from two-thirds of costa to middle of inner margin ; outer line very fine,
closely followed by the broad inner snbmarginal shade, which is much more
conspicuous than the outer ; fringe bone-colour ; no marginal spots ; cell-spot
round, large, coal-black.
Hindwimj : the same, but without inner line.
Underside suffused with pale grey to the snbmarginal line ; cell-spots blackish.
Face and palpi black ; collar brown ; vertex, thorax, and abdomen bone-
colonr.
Expanse of wings : 24 mm.
1 ? from New Georgia, Solomons, March 1904 (Meek).
Easily recognised by the very largo black cell-spots.
35. Perixera ustipennis spec. no?.
Fore/ring: dull brick-red; the markings and shading dull black; costa deep
bronzy black, somewhat metallic ; first line from one-fourth of costa to one-third
of inner margin, cloudy and diffuse ; median shade, equally thick and diffuse, a
little beyond middle ; outer line from two-thirds of costa to three-fourths of inner
margin, fine, lunnlate-dentate, slightly oblique outwards to vein 4, then incurved ;
cell-spot minute, white, in a blackish cloud ; a blackish cloud from lower end of
cell between veins 2 and 4 to hindmargin at end of vein 2; an irregular blackish
blotch on margin below apex to vein .5, through which, as also through the lower
cloud, a waved snbmarginal line is visible ; slight marginal spots between ve'ns ;
fringe dark grey, paler in middle.
Jliniliriiig : with the whole area below vein 4, including the cell and space
( 424 )
boyoiul a,s far as ontor lino, suffused with black : tlio deiitato lilaek outer line is
visible above middle; cell-spot silvery white; fringe reddish above middle, grey
below.
Underside nuiform dull brick-red, with faint traces of the lines.
Face and jialpi deep red, palpi beneath yellowish ; vertex brown-red, paler
in front; collar lilackish; shonldcrs and jiatagia brick-red, tliese, as well as the
collar and vertex, with metallic lustre, like costal streak : thorax and abdomen dull
brick-rod ; forelegs red in front.
Expanse of wings : 44 mm.
1 (? from New Georgia, Solomons, March 1904 (Meek).
Hindlegs long : the tibiae with a pair of short terminal spurs and no femoral
t ift ; fore femora with a pencil of white hairs.
Hindwing with decided elbow in middle of hindmargin.
S6. Stibarostoma pulverata spec. nov.
<?. Forcwirai : pale ochreons grey, somewliat thinly scaled, but thickly and
finely dnstcd with grey, the veins showing slightly darker; the wing is crossed
bv four thick bauds, faintly darker grey than the ground-colour, a basal curved,
a jiostmedian from two-thirds of costa incurved below middle to one-half of inner
margin, a snbmarginal parallel to hindmargin and a marginal ; the costal streak
is also of the same grey ; cell-spot linear, grey ; marginal dots minute, between and
at end of veins ; fringe paler grey.
II ind icing : the same, but without basal band, and the marginal band reduced in
breadth but darker.
Underside pearly grey, tinged with rosy on forewing.
Head, thorax, and abdomen pearly grey, the face and vertex whiter ; palpi
externally rosy tinged ; lateral red patches on third and fourth segments ol'
abdomen ; forelegs rosy in front.
In the ? the bands are broader and somewhat darker, all with very faint small
dots on the veins.
Expanse of wings : t? 20 mm.; ? 28 mm.
A pair, apparently bred, from Townsville, Queensland (I)odd).
SuBF.uiiLY HYDRIOMENINAE.
Paragramma gen. nov.
Foretriixj : short and broad ; costa arched at base and convex before apex •
apex and hindmargin rounded, the latter slightly crennlate.
Ilindiviiifi : hindmargin well rounded, crennlate ; anal angle well expressed.
Antennae (?) simple; palpi short, jiorrect, terminal segment blunt; tongue
and frenulum 'present.
Nenration : forewing, cell two-fifths of wing; discocellular vertical; vein 2
at two-thirds ; 3 close before 4 ; radials normal ; 7, 8, 9 stalked from before end
of cell ; lo, II stalked, anastomosing strongly with 8, 9; 11, 10, S, 0 sejiarating
only towards costa ; areole quite small, single : hindwing, costal and subcostal
anastomosing for only half ol' cell; 0, 7 hardly stalked; discocellular iil)li(|ue,
radial from the centre.
Type : Parayiamma mimtila spec. uov.
Characterised by the short cell, and short, simple areole,
( 425 )
37. Paragramma mimula spec. nov.
Forewing : greyish ochreous, but the gronnd-colour u almost obscured by
fiiscons suffusion aud markiugs ; basal two-thirds suffused with fuscous and crossed
by numerous dark waved lines, the ordinary pale space between basal patch and
central fascia not marked; outer edge of central fascia with two prominent teeth
between veins 1.' and 4, followed by a jiale band of gronnd-colour, which emits a
pale streak to hiudmargin between o and 4, interrujjting the dark marginal area,
through which a very fine waved pale submarginal line is visible; a black marginal
festooned line, swollen between the veins ; fringe fuscous, with a paler line at base ;
cell-spot diffuse, dark.
Hindwiiui : in the basal half pale, crossed by four parallel dark lines, the last
followed by the pale band ; marginal half dark, uninterrupted.
Underside of both wings yellow to outer line, which is black and thick, followed
by a white band, representing the pale band of upjierside ; marginal area black
with square white blotches at apex and below middle ; cell-spots black.
Head and thorax a mixture of ochreous and fuscous ; abdomen pale grey,
darker along dorsum ; abdomen beneath, pectus, and legs yellow ; forelegs in front
black.
Expanse of wings : 30 mm.
1 ? from Bougainville, Solomon Islands, May 1904 (Meek).
The under surface is a remarkable reproduction of that of some of the species
of Ihfpochroma.
Subfamily TEPHROCLYSTIINAE.
38. Eucymatoge rigida.
Eujj:ihec!a rUjhhi Swinh., Tr. E. S. 1892. p. 2. pi. 1. fig, C, ^.
Three specimens of this distinct insect have been sent by A. S. Meek from
Bougainville, Solomon Islands, taken in April 1904, differing in nothing from the
Khasia insect. The areole is double, vein 1 1 rising far back ; and the species must
be placed in FMcymatoije.
30. Rhinoprora ocliriplaga sj)ec. nov.
Forewin;) : ochreous, washed with olive-grey ; the markings blackish ; the
veins minutely dotted with black scales ; the basal patch small, angled in cell,
followed by a similarly angled pale band divided by a central dark line, the inner
half being pale ochreous, the outer dull pearl-grey ; outer edge of central fascia
at two-thirds, irregularly and minutely waved outwards and dentate inwards to
vein 4, then incurved ; the inner third of central fascia is darker than the outer
portion and edged by a black line followed by a pearl-grey one ; the outer two-thirds
divided by a pale line : band beyond central fascia pearl-grey with a central line ;
submarginal line pearl-grey, thick, obscurely lunulate-dentate, edged inwardly with
blackish, and with black blotches at costa, beyond cell, and above inner margin ;
marginal area dark, with slight pale patch between veins 3 and 4 ; a dark inter-
rupted marginal line ; fringe grey chequered with darker.
IlimlwiiKj : blackish grey, except a quadrate i)atch of ochreous at anal angle,
with three dark waved lines across it, antemedian, postmedian, and submarginaj,
( 426 )
Undersklc iiniform purplish grey, with the markings showing darker, the cosfa
beyond tlie middle with jialcr patches.
Head and anal half of abdomen brownish ochreons ; thorax and basal half of
abdomen blacki;;h ; legs broken olYj frontal tuft and palpi externally blackish
Expanse of wings : 20 mm.
1 c? from Sariba Island, British New Guinea (Meek).
Subfamily ASTHENINAE.
411. Acolutha imbecilla spec. nov.
Forewing : whitish, above the middle dusted with lilac-grey ; crossed by four
yellow bands which in the upper half are slightly fiilvous-tingcd : one close to
base, obscure ; the second, antemedian, slightly curved ; the postmcdian and sub-
marginal outcnrved above ; all these bauds are preceded by an obscure fine line,
fo as to ajipear double; the hiudmargin and inner margin near anal angle are
somewhat dusted with lilac scales ; cell-spot black ; fringe yellowish white.
IIi)i(liruif/ : with three yellow bands slightly mixed with lilac scales.
Underside whitisli ; the costal half of forewing lilac-bi-own.
Face, vertex-, and shoulders white mixed with lilac scales ; thorax and abdomen
more purely white ; antennae annnlated lilac and white.
Expanse of wings : 16 mm.
2 S6 from Mt. Wuchi, Hainan, May 1003.
This and the next species semifulca are dwarf representatives of the two Indian
species pictaria Moore and pulchella Hmpsn.
41. Acolutha semifulva si)cc. nov.
Fornring: bright orange fulvous above median vein and vein 4, yellowish
white with a greenish tinge below, becoming white along hindmargiu ; a snb-
margiual jiartially double dark (ilive-fuscous line, forming a blotch on submedian
fold, more or less obsolete above middle, ending on tlie costa in two pale outwardly
oblique streaks, to which the two arms are retracted ; no distinct traces of other
cross lines ; some olive-green scales beyond middle on the submedian fold; cell-spot
small, black ; fringe fulvous above, pale below middle.
Iliiidicing: cream-colour, grey-speckled, crossed by four cloudy and irregular
bands, the antemedian and median pale olive-green accomi)anied by yellow scaling,
the two outer more curved, olive-fuscous accompanied by violet-grey scales ; cell-
spot black ; the two middle bands are indistinctly double ; some dark scales along
hiudmargin towards anal angle.
Underside of forewing like upper but duller, the dark submarginal band
preceded by a curved pale band ; outer half of hindwing, oxcei)t extreme hind-
margin, occupied by a large olive-fuscous blotch.
Head, antennae, and forelegs bright fulvous ; thorax bright white ; abdomen
whitish with slight grey bands.
Expanse of wings : 17 mm.
1 3 IVom Mt. Wuchi, Hainan, May 1903.
42. Pseudasthena grataria ab. marginata nov. and ab. perflava nov.
Of three males of this species from Sariba Island, British New Guinea, sent by
A. S. M ek, one is typical, the other two aberrant : in nvirginnta the red is intensified
(427 )
and the yellow intervals hardly visible ; in perj/ara exactly the opposite conditions
prevail ; the forewing is snfFused with yellow slightly flushed with reddish and the
lines stand ont distinct and ]inr])Iish black or dull red, with the cell-sjiot large and
black, the yellow hiudmargin and fringe not forming a contrast with the ground-
colour ; in the form tnarginata the red deepens into purplish black before the yellow
hiudmargin in both wings, and in the forewing a irarplish black streak runs from
l)ase along the centre of wing, widening to the end of vein 4 ; in the hindwing of
jier/iaxa the red ground-colour remains ty])ical, but the ccatral fascia is filled up with
purplish black.
Subfamily TRICHOPTERYGINAE.
43. Crypsimetalla fimbriata spec. nov.
Forcu-iiKj : olive-grey, the slightly darker basal two-thirds limited by a straight
oblique line and contaiuing a very obscure dark cell -spot ; along the costa the
ground-colour is yellowish with fine black striation ; fringe dark grey, with irregular
yellow chequering.
Uindwimi : grey, with an obscure darker meilian fascia and outer border.
Underside yellow, mottled with purple-brown and spangled with silvery scales ;
a large triangular brown space on middle of costa irregularly spangled ; an oblique
line of silvery spots along hiudmargin, these towards apex elongated ; some brown
spots at base also spangled ; the inner margin of forewing is blurred greyish brown ;
of hindwing enlarged and filled up beneath with a bed of long rough hairs, dark
brown at the anal angle, where they project as a tuft.
Head and thorax purplish brown varied with yellow ; abdomen yellow speckled
with brown ; legs and antennae also yellow with brown speckling.
Expanse of wings : 10 mm.
1 i from Bougainville, Solomons, May 1904 (Meek).
Distinguished from ( '. aiiratu Warr., which it otherwise resembles, by the hairy
inner margin of hindwing and the darker mottled underside of wings.
44. Crypsimetalla flava spec. nov.
ForariiKj : yellowish bnlf, with slight dark freckling ; costa with minute
black dots ; a fulvous streak along costa at base ; traces of a vertical line at one-
fourth, generally obsolete ; a grey line at three-fourths, strongly outcurved above
middle, touching at middle a ditfuse , irregular grey blotch at end of cell ; fringe
dark grey, finely interrupted by slender dashes of pale ground-colour beyond veins,
more widely at vein 4 and anal angle.
Ilimhcing : with a diffuse grey band from end of cell towards anal angle ;
fringe yellowish, except along the excision between veins 4 and (i, and there
dark grey.
Underside deep yellow with brown speckles ; both wings with a patch at base
of costa and a somewhat interrupted median band of dark brown scales coarsely
spangled with silvery ; a silvery submarginal blotch on each side of vein 6.
Head, thorax, and abdomen yellowish buff; the base of shoulders and ])atagia
brown.
Expanse of wings : 16 — 17 mm.
1 (?, S ? ? from the uiprth siile of Choiseul Island, Solomons, December 100^.
and 1 ? from Bougainville, April 1904 (Meek).
( 428 )
4."). Holorista dentatilinea spec. nnv.
Fffreinxq : pale g;reen, with the liucs crossing it strongly angled; basal patch
edged by <i vertical pnrplc line, toothed outwards on the veins, with an olive-green
line inside it; central fascia with a single pnrple line on its inner edge, inwanlly
angled on the two folds, and three strongly dentate thick pnrplc lines forming its
outer edge ; cell-spot linear, oblique, purple, touching the single lino ; band ])receding
fascia with two olive-green lines, angled like the inner edge of fascia ; ban,
following it with a single olive-green dentate line ; a double green line preceding
snbmarginal pale line, each arm marked with purple below vein ('» ; marginal
area darker green, with purple marginal spots on veins, preceded by a line
forming jnirplish angles between the veins ; fringe pale green beyond veins,
grey between.
HitidaiiKj: dark grey, the basal flap quite small, the outer lobes not conspicuous.
Underside dull olive-green, becoming blackish at hindmargiu of hindwing.
Vertex, face, and palpi olive-green ; a white line behind vertex ; thorax and
patagia green ; antennae black ; abdomen greenish ochreous ; a slight lateral tuft
of hairs from second segment ; hindtibiac slightly twisted, ochreous grey ; no pencil
of black hair from base of wing.
Expanse of wings : 26 mm.
2 c?c? from Bougainville, Solomons, May 1904 (Meek).
Like Ilol.fa.Hcidtd Moore, distinguished by the strongly angulated lines.
SvBFAMiLY DEILINIINAE.
Ctenistochlora gen. nov.
Like AploMovd Warr., but the antennae of the S are bipectinate for two-thirds
instead of being simple ; the hindwing has the hindmargin visibly crenulate, and
bluntly but decidedly elbowed at vein 4 ; in Aplochlora the hindmargin is evenly
rounded.
The antennae of the ? are simple ; in Clilorocfexiii, an African genus, the ¥ has
the antennae pectinated like the c?.
In nenration Gfrnistoc/dora practically agrees with Aplochlora, the only
difference being very slight ; in tlie latter genus 10 and 11 arise coincidently from
the stem of 7, 8, 9 ; in the former they arise separately from the same point
as 7, 8, 9.
Type : Ctenistochlora fallax 'Warr. {Aj/lo/'/,/oivi).
4G. Ctenistochlora fallax.
Ajilnrhloyn fulhi.e Warr., .V..r. Zor,!. x. p. 2G8, ? (I'.m:',).
The t3'pe was a ? from Isabel Island ; of three specimens from Bougainville
two arecJc? with pectinated antennae, but otherwise agreeing with the ?.
These examples were taken by A. S. Meek April 1004 ; also two ? ? from the
north side of Choiseul Island December 1903.
Subfamily ABB A X IN A E.
47. Abraxas interpunctata spec. nov.
Forewing : cream-white, the markings dull black ; costaand hindmargin black ;
the costal streak interrupted towards base by two white spots ; an oblique black
r 429 )
Rtreak fvora lipforo middlo of cnsf a to inner mai-gin close to base : a lirownisli lilac.k
fascia at tbree-fourtbs, somewbat incnrved at middle and narrowing towards inner
margin, tbe edges roimded on veins, as if consisting of coalescent spots ; internally
fliis fascia toncbes a large irrcgnbir blacldsb cell-spot witli deep black centre ;
externally it is connected witb Uiiubuargin by a bar along vein 4, and on submediau
fold it toucbes an angular projection of tbe marginal border ; in tbe central pale
area a little before its middle an irregular ])atcb of dark scales stands on inner
margin, anotber on submedian fold, and some dots at origin of vein 2.
IliiidiriiKi : witb tbe snbmarginal fascia evenly carved and of erpial width
tbroughont, tbe marginal border toucbing it on vein 4 and on submediau fold ; a
median line indicated by blotcbes on inner margin, submedian fold, the top of
discocellular and more broadly on costa ; sometimes another spot on inner margin
before middle and one in cell near base.
Underside like upper; the costa of biudwiug irregularly blackish.
Face yellow with a dark central sjwt ; vertex black ; shoulders and patagia
yellow, with black tips ; thorax and abdomen yellow with large black dorsal spots
and a double series of lateral spots ; abdomen below and femora yellow ; the legs
fuscous.
Expanse of wings : 40 mm.
2 (jc?, 1 ? from Cagayan Sulu (Cator).
Nearest to A. trineriaria H. S. ; distinguished from all tbe allied species by tlie
central series of spots.
SrBFAMiLY BRACCINAE.
4S. Bordeta ampliplaga spec. nov.
Forewiiic) : like that oi_fioriduta Warr., but with all tbe five white spots very
much larger, and with clearer margins.
Ilindicing : with the white area still larger and more concise.
Underside like upper.
Head, thorax, and abdomen black, the last, as in Joridafn, having in the ¥ only
tbe extreme tip and in tbe cJ tbe last two segments yellow.
Expanse of wings : c? 60 mm. ; ¥ 70 mm.
4 6S,'i ¥ ¥ from Bougainville, Solomon Islands, April 1904 (Meek).
49. Bursada albilunata spec. nov.
Fore/c/iii/ : dull brownish black, witb a narrow curved cream white crescent
from three-fourths of costa to just before anal angle, its inner edge even and bluntly
elbowed at middle, the outer edge waved ; fringe black.
Iliiulwing: with the white crescent twice as broad, the inner edge slightly
curved.
Underside like upper.
Face brown with the cheeks yellow ; throat yellow ; vertex and thorax
black ; abdomen yellow with black rings swollen on dorsum so that the basal half
becomes black ; legs blackish.
Expanse of wings : 4r> mm.
1 ¥ from Obi Major (Waterstradf).
( «0 )
50. Bnrsada conjunctiva siicc. nov.
Foreiving : yellow; the costa and liindmargiu black; this last wider at apex
and gradnally narrowing, with waved edge, to anal angle ; two broad black fasciae ;
the first from one-sixth of costal streak, which it touches at a point, its inner edge
vertical, its outer obliij^ue ; the second from two-thirds of costa, its outer edge bluntly
elbowed outwards on vein 3, to inner margin close before anal angle, its inner edge
rounded and running into the outer edge of the basal fascia on vein 1.
Ifintlwimi : yellow, with a blotch at base ; the costa and hindniargin black, the
latter narrowing off to anal angle; a right-angled black mark at middle of inner
margin, the upright arm reaching origin of vein 3, pointing towards a black Ijlotcli
depending from costal streak half-way across the discocellular.
Underside like upper.
Face, palpi, throat, sides of thorax, and abdomen beneath and at sides yellow ;
vertex, antennae, thorax, and dorsum blackish ; legs yellow and blackish.
Expanse of wings : 44 mm.
1 ? from Obi Major (Waterstradt).
A local form of tric/ncfar/n Linn.
ol. Bursada dependens spec. nov.
Close to B. excellens Butler, of which it is evidently a different insular form.
The forewing is practically the same as in that species ; the transverse central
fascia is however thicker and with straighter edges ; the hindwing in the <? also
agrees in most points with I'j-ceUrnis, but there is no discal s\ioi in the cell, and the
dark costal blotch, which is generally, but not always, united with the marginal
border, has its lower edge rounded ; in two of the iS there is a small dark spot
on the inner margin above the anal angle ; in the only ? seen this spot is develojicd
into a long club-shaped mark reaching lower end of cell, towards which the costal
spot above is produced, so as to form a crossbar, only interrupted by half the width
of the cell.
Expanse of wings : 35 mm.
4 (?c?, 1 ? from the south side of Choisenl Island, Solomons, January 1110 4
(Meek).
52. Bursada restricta spec. nov.
This is also another form of e.ayllens liutlcr, differing in several points from
both it and tlie foregoing species drpenJcns.
Foreiring : costa evenly brown-black throughout ; in the other two species the
yellow areas touch the costa ; the outer yellow fascia has lost the form of an " eagle's
beak " as described by Butler, and become an oval blotch with evenly curved sides
and pointed lower end, not reaching below vein 1, and edged above by the costal
streak.
Hindaing : with the inner edge of the broad marginal border evenly curved
(in thpenih'ns it is always more or less broken and angled), ending on costa at
middle (in dependent the costal dark area roaches to one-third from base) in
a narrow square-edged projection instead of the rounded and bulged ending
of dependens.
Expanse of wings : 35 mm.
3 ? ? from the south side of T'lioiseul Island. Solomons, .Tannary 1004 (Meek).
( -lyi )
Tbe S will probably be 3'et more different ; thongli taken at the same time
and locality as the examples of depeiuleiis meutioncd above, the present specimens
nudonbtedly represent a distinct form.
53. Bursadopsis sectinota spec. nov.
Closely related to B. basuUs AVarr. from Obi, but differing as follows : instead
of tbe single small orange spot in the cell of the forewiug, there are two spots, one
small near base, the other larger, triangular, pointing outwards ; in one example
these two spots are connected below the median by a curved orange streak ; the
apex of the antennae is white, not yellow. .
Expanse of wings : 44 mm.
2 c?c? from Halmaheira (Watorslnult).
54. Bursadopsis waterstradti spec. nov.
Like the last s])ecies, allied to J>. hfisalis Warr., but representing another island
form, which is characterised by the larger amouat of orange, lu the forewing the
three orange spots of sectinota are all swollen and laterally confluent ; the costa is
narrowly black, with a slight tooth along the discucellular ; and the large orange
blotch of the disc is connected below by a narrow neck wath a blotch at the anal
angle. In the hiudwing the orange area is likewise ampler, the black marginal
border being correspondingly diminished. The patagia are yellow, having only the
extreme tips black.
Expanse of wings : 44 mm.
1 3 from Batchian (Waterstradt).
55. Craspedosis albistriata spec. nov.
Foretcimj : black, with a broad central curved white band from inner margin
to above vein 6, the outer edge projecting at vein 4 and the apex forked ; a faint
curved submarginal line, indicated by spots of white striae on the veins, largest on
veins 1, 3, and 6 ; some white transverse striae from base along median vein and
a few on snbmedian ; a very fine black cell-mark ; the inner margin narrowly black
at base of fascia.
Ilindwiii;/ : with the fascia entire from costa to inner margin, and swollen
externally in the middle ; the rest as in forewing.
Underside similar; the fascia broader and purer white ; the submarginal line
of forewing and the streak from base along median vein stronger.
Head, thorax, and abdomen black ; centre of face, base of shoulders and
patagia, segmental rings of abdomen, and the anal taft yellow ; legs slate-colour.
Expanse of wings : 56 mm.
2 ¥ ? from Batchian (Waterstradt).
Nearest to C. si/billa "Warr. from Halmahcira.
Subfamily ASCOTINAE.
56. Ascotis margarita.
Ascdlis iiuinjin-ilii Warr., Nm-. Zuul. i. p. 4:!.') (1K',I4J. W. Java.
Blqiharoctenucha albescens Warr., Nuv. Zuul. iii. p. 400 (189G). S. Java.
I have just discovered that, through an unfortunate oversight, 1 have described
this species twice. It will stand as Ascotis miryariia.
( 432 )
57. Catena subalbata spec. nov.
Forewiiig : white, speckled, and along costa and hiudmavgin snffused with
olive-grey ; basal patch hardly defined, grey tinged, crossed by three series of spots
on veins, tlic limiting line and the one preceding it starting from blackish costal
s])ot8 ; median sliade starting as a dark spot jnst before middle, embracing the
cloudy round black cell-spot, and ending in a grey sjiot before middle of inner
margin, interrupted between ; outer line double, at two-thirds, excurved parallel
to hindmargin, the inner arm marked by grey veia-sjiots, the onter consisting of
grey Innnles ; the whitish submarginal line preceded by a row of dark grey partially
confluent spots between the veins, and followed by olive-grey blotches on the veins,
paling to margin ; marginal spots black and large ; fringe grey.
Hindicing : similar, but withont basal markings ; cell-spot round, large, olive-
grey, preceded by an interrupted median line.
Underside white, unspeckled ; forewing with a])ical third smoky black, the
apex slightly and a spot on margin below vein 4 more distinctly whitish ; cell-spot
large and black ; costa marked by black spots at the beginning of the lines ; base
greyish ; hindwing with grey cell-spot, and jiartial grey submarginal line, inter-
ru])ted below middle ; marginal lunules conspicuous.
Head, thorax, and abdomen white varied with olive-grey ; tips of shoulders,
outside of palpi, and forelegs blackish.
Expanse of wings : 48 mm.
1 cJ from Dili, N.E. Sumatra.
58. Chogada alienaria ab. nigrifasciata uov.
Central area of both wings pnre white with slight grey or brown scaling ; the
two arms of inner line filled in, sometimes very broadly, with velvety brown-black ;
outer line followed by a deep velvety black band diffused outwardly and partially
obliterating submarginal Hue.
Underside of both wings with a broad black submarginal fascia limited inwardly
by the outer line ; the cell-spots largo aud black, and the inner band of forewing
showing through.
1 (?, 1 ? from Diyatalawa, Ceylon, 4:i()i)ft., October— December 19Ul (Fiudlay);
received with numerous examples of the ordinary type form.
69. Chogada decisaria ab. nigristigma nov.
Of six examples, all of sandy grey coloration, of drrisaria Wlk. (= Uchenina
Butler, — calUciosm Meyr.), two represent a form different from any hitherto
described, having the ocelloid spot of both wings developed into a diffuse round
smoky black blotch. For these the above name is proposed. They were all taken
December 1903 by A. S. Meek, on the north side of Choisenl Island, Solomons.
Siin-AMiLY SELIDOSEMINAE.
ii'». Uranodoxa longicornis ab. maculata uov.
Smaller than typical lonyicornU Butler, and apparently darker, as all three ? ?
which I have seen are as dark, at all events in the forewing, as the c? c? of the type
form ; they are distinguished at once by two bright yellow lunules placed on the
( 433 )
two folds, immediately before the deep red outer band of the forewing. All tliree
are from the same island of the Solomon grtrnp.
Bougainville, taken in May 19(J4 by A. S. Meek.
Subfamily FIDONIINAE.
01. Chiasmia maculilinea >^i>iic. no v.
Forewing : pale yellow ; the markings brown, generally consisting of spots ;
a blotch at base of costa and another at one-fourth, with four smaller spots below,
two on submedian fold and one each on the median and submedian veins ; cell-spot
round and brown, followed closely by a continuous sinuated median line, angled
outwards ou subcostal vein and bent inwards below median to one-third of inner
margin ; outer line formed of spots on veins, that on vein 5 close to median shade,
those on vein 2 and the submedian fold touching it ; submarginal line consisting
of irregular blotches between the veins, the two at costa, the two beyond cell and
the three lowest coalescing with each other ; two brown marginal blotches between
veins 7 and 4, and 3 and 1, and a spot on costa before apex ; fringe yellow, mottled
with brown except between veins 3 and 4.
Hi nil icing : similar, but without the basal sjjots ; the cell-spot outside the
median shade.
Underside like upper.
Head, thorax, and abdomen yellow ; this last and the metathorax blotched
with brown.
Expanse of wings : 22 mm.
1 (? from Cape Madang, S.E. Celebes, November I'JOl (U. Kiihn).
62. Chiasmia minuta spec. nov.
Intermediate, in markings, between the preceding species, macalilinca, from
Celebes, and radiata Warr., A'or. Zool. iv. p. 82, from the Khasia Hills. The spots
are swollen and more or less confluent, the submarginal line ou both wings being
preceded and followed by black blotches at costa, beyond cell, and below vein 3,
while in the forewing the lower part of the central fascia combines with the following
line to form a blotch on inner margin.
Expanse of wings : 18 mm.
1 c? from Bilit, North Borneo, July 1899 (Cater).
Subfamily SEMIOTHISINAE.
03. Azata fulvida spec. nov.
Forewing : pale olive fulvous, speckled with darker ; the costa yellow, finely
dotted black and white; the lines brown, wavy, starting from dark costal spots;
first from near base, bent in cell, then oblique ; median before middle, nearer first
than thin! ; third from three-fourths of costa to three-fourths of inner margin,
darker and plainer than the other two, followed by a darker tint, containing a small
blackish blotch between veins 3 and 4 ; a brown crescent at margin before the
excision ; fringe (worn) coucolorous (?).
Hindu'ing : without basal line.
Underside yellow, tinged with deeper yellow, and speckled with fuscous ; both
wings with a thick purplish postmedian line.
(434 )
Head, thorax, and abdomen like wings.
Expanse of wings : 3U mm.
1 ? from Mt. Wuchi, Hainan, May 1 003.
Botli wings sliglith' elbowed at middle of hindmargin.
Distingnished above by its nnusnal coloiatioii, resembling more that; of
Ilijpenjthru and Fetroclavn.
M. Gonodela semilutea sine nov.
Fore //■///(/ : dark greyish fnscons, sjieckled witli darker ; the nsual lines black ;
first i)rojecting above median vein, curved below ; second straight and obliciue,
retracted at costa ; outer line tine, angled outward but interrnpted at vein G,
followed by a deeper shade running to margin from below vein 6 and by a dark
blotch at costa ; the apical space jraler grey ; fascia between second and outer liue
filled up with luteous excejit close along inner edge, where it is whitish and slightly
flecked with grey ; cell-spot black ; fringe fnscons, with ])aler base beyond a dark
marginal I'estoon.
Hin(lwi»(/: with fascia running to above anal angle; a black blotch in the
dark shade between veins 3 and 4.
In both wings the luteons tint of the fascia encroaches linearly beyond the
outer black line.
Underside of forewing cream-colour to the outer line with brown striae, the
fascia white, the second line thick and difi'nse ; hindwing yellowish ochreous,
tinged with deeper yellow before the two lines ; marginal area in both wings
dark brown, the forewing with a white spot above vein 0.
Head, thorax, and abdomen concolorons with base of wings ; underside of
abdomen and legs cream-coloured.
Expanse of wings : 3.3 mm.
1 ? from Maymyo, 8han States, June— August 1902 (Hauxwell).
This si)ecies, distinguished by the luteous outer half of the pale fascia, seems
distinct from any known Eastern form.
lulocera gen. nov.
This genus is proposed for Azata tariegata ^Varr., which is distinguished by
the simple lignlate antennae reaching to quite three-fourths of the wing, and by the
strongly and evenly crenulated hindmargins of the wings. Macaria dcnticidata
Pag., from the Aru Islands, almost certainly belongs to the same genus, and
probably, judging from the figure, M. goramata Rob. from Flores.
Another species is here described from Halmaheira.
05. lulocera albiapicata siuc nov.
l-'orcwing : whitish, densely sprinkled with violet-grey and fuscous atoms;
the costa yellow, with short brown striae ; lines brown or purplish, accomj)auied
by yellow scaling, somewhat obscure ; all bent below subcostal vein, then oblique
parallel to hindmargin ; first close to base ; outer at three-fourths, marked by
darker spots on veins ; median shade a little before the middle, thick, nearly
straight, absorbing the cell-sjwt; submarginal liue formed of purplish brown
Innules between the veins ; sj)ace between it and outer liue violet-grey ; marginal
( 435 )
area again paler and yellow tinged, coutaitiing a diflnse patch before apex ;
marginal Innules i)uri)le-bro\vn ; fringe yellow, chequered beyond veins with
purplish.
lliiuhoimj : the same, but without basal line.
Underside whiter, the speckling coarser and browner ; costa of forewiug and
all the veins yellowish ; a broad purplish brown submarginal fascia extended to
margin in forewiug between 4 and 6 and again at anal angle ; a white apical patch
and j)ale patch below vein 4 ; cell-spot dark, on the median shade; marginal Innules
coalescent.
Head, thorax, and abdomen like wings.
Expanse of wings : 26 mm.
1 ? from Halmaheira (Waterstradt).
In several respects this species agrees with the description of dciittciilata Pag.,
but the undersides are different.
06. Nadagarodes pulverata spec. nov.
<?. Forewiug: pale pearl-grey speckled with darker; basal half as lar as
median sliadc and lower half of marginal area suifused with fuscous brown ; -first
line at one-fourth, median just before one-half ; the first plain only on costa ; the
second waved, dark brown, insinuate in cell ; outer line from two-thirds of costa
to three-fifths of inner margin, irregularly dentate, somewhat excurved above,
but approaching median shade on inner margin ; a waved pale submarginal line,
preceded by a dark fuscous shade and followed by another, both ending at vein 6,
the apex being ochreous grey ; marginal dark spots between the veins ; fringe grey.
Jliiidwiiiff : paler grey, with pale brown suff'usion ; the lines as in forewiug.
Underside tawny, the lines blackish ; base and costa of forewiug with black
striae ; median line thick and black, reaching the black cell-spot ; s])ace between
median line and outer line, as on upperside ; this space is much paler, as well as
the apex to vein .5 ; hiudwing with the three lines dark ; cell-spot within the
antemedian line.
Face, vertex, and palpi dark ferruginous ; thorax grey like basal area.
Abdomen pale stone-colour.
Expanse of wings : 44 mm.
? with the wing to outer line dove-grey dusted with darker, the two lines fine
and fulvous, tlie basal at one-fifth incurved towards costa and inner margin, the
median nearly straight, before middle ; outer lino not excurved, but nearly straight
from two-thirds of costa to middle of inner margin, fulvous, with black veiu-sjJOts ;
the apex broadly, a marginal space below vein 4, the submarginal line and the
centre of the brown fascia between outer and submarginal lines being all dove-grey;
costa throughout pale tawny.
Ilindvjing : similar, the bfisal half pale, the line darker.
Underside as iu the S, but the outer line straighter and followed by a black
shade ; apical blotch to vein 6 pale grey, but the S2)ace between median and outer
line not paler than the rest of the ground-colour.
Expanse of wings : c? 4U mm. ; ? 56 mm.
1 ? , 1 (? from the north side of Choiseul Island, Solomons, December 1903
(Meek).
Nearest to S. sabpulchrata Warr., from Uuadalcauar.
2d
( 436
67. Nadagarodes purpiiraria spec. iiov.
Foreicinq : purplish brown, overlaid in places with bluish grey scales; costa
pale ochreons, dotted with black ; first line blackish, from oue-fifth of costa, angled
below subcostal vein, then oblique to near base of inner margin, accompanied by
dull orange-red scales ; median line diffuse, from three-fifths of costa to before
middle of inner margin, likewise accompanied by orange-red scales ; outer line,
blackish and distinct, from quite two-thirds of costa to beyond middle of inner
margin, the interval between it and median line overlaid with pale lilac-grey scales,
the dark shade beyond it being mixed with orange-red; marginal dark area tinged
in places with bluish grey and traversed by an evenly waved submarginal line
of the same colour; fringe (worn) brownish j)urple, with, apparently, a fine orange
line at base.
Ilinihcinq : with the lilac-grey fascia between the two dark lines antemedian ;
the rest as in forewing.
Underside dull orange, striated throughout in the forewing, and along costa
only in hiudwing, with purplish brown ; outer line of forewing thick and brown,
sinnons, the marginal area beyond it purple-brown, towards costa striated with
orange ; in the hiudwing the line is central and nearly straight ; the marginal
dark area only half as wide as in forewing, with a waved orange submarginal line ;
cell-spots black, linear in forewing, dot-like in hindwiug.
Palpi externally orange ; face deep purple-brown ; shoulders, patagia, and
thorax purplish grey ; vertex and antennae iiuri)lisli, speckled with orange ;
abdomen jiurplish grey at base, becoming orange on anal segments ; underside
and legs orange ; the tarsi purplish fuscous.
Expanse of wings : 52 mm.
1 S from the south side of Choiseul Island, Solomons, January 1004 (Meek).
Nesophila gen. nov.
Fort'wiiKj : arched at base and faintly curved ; apex rectangular ; hindmargin
well curved.
Hindwiug: rather narrow ; anal angle rounded off; hindmargin with slight
indentation beyond cell ; the apical angle squarely rounded.
Abdomen of i with lateral tufts ; antennae simple, lamellate, flattened and
subserrate ; i>ali)i npcurved in front of face, second segment fringed with hairs
terminal long and pointed ; tongue and frenulum present ; hindtibiae with four
spurs, not swollen ; no fovea in forewing.
Neuration : forewing, cell less than half the length of wing ; discocellular
concave, the lower lialf oblique ; first median nervulc at two-thirds, second close
to third ; radials normal ; subcostal vein depressed at extremity ; T, 8,9, 10 stalked
from the bend ; 11 bent upwards and approximated to 12, but not anastomosing ;
hiudwing, costal and subcostal shortly approximated at base ; veins 3 and 7 before,
angles of cell ; no radial.
Type : Scaophila talgaris spec. nov.
Resembling Tcjjhrinopisiii, but structurally dilferent.
(is. Nesophila vulgaris spec. nov.
Foreiring: fuscous, slightly rufous tinged; lines bhukish, tliick, irregularly
waved; first from one-fourth of costa to one-third of inner margin, oblique out-
( 437 )
wards ; second from two-thirds of costa to two-thirds of inner margin, parallel to
liindiiiargin, insinuate somewhat be^-ond cell and on suLmedian fold ; a large black
cell-spot ; two cloudy fuscous submarginal shades, between wliich the submarginal
line is obscurely visible ; fringe (worn) fuscous cheijuered with dark.
Ilindicing : paler, more cinereous ; with the outer line and shades obscurely
expressed.
Underside dull fuscous, unmarked.
Vertex and thorax fuscous ; abdomen cinereous, the lateral tufts dark ; face
and palpi blackish.
Expanse of wings : X!0 mm.
1 c? from the north side of Choiseul Island, December 1903 (Meek).
A dull and iucouspicuous insect.
69. Xenoecista persimilis spec. nov.
Very close to A', ochracea Warr. (described as a Peridela, but better placed in
Xenoedsta) from Guadalcauar, but differing in the following particulars : the double
black blotch in the submarginal line, touching the outer line, is absent, its place
being taken by two faintly darker blotches, often not visible ; the median line in
both wings is simple, brown, not followed by the doable loop seen in ochracea;
the dark strong outer line in hindwing is obsolete or very faint ; the first three
segments of abdomen are marked with pairs of black spots ; the cell-spots are
black and distinct, and both wings are thickly dusted with black atoms ; the sub-
marginal line is represented by a series of pale spots.
Expanse of wings : 34 mm.
'i i$ from New Georgia, Solomons, March 19iJ4 (Meek).
Both siK'cies arc developments of Scmiothisa rather than of Go)iodela, and
may be placed, for the present at all events, in the iS. American genus Xenoecista.
Subfamily ENNOMINAE.
TO. Hyposidra rauca spec. nov.
ForewiiKj : brownish fuscous, roughly and loosely scaled ; without markings,
except a diffuse darker central shade containing the black cell-spot ; i'ringe
concolorous.
Himhving : similar, the shade antemedian.
Underside like upperside.
Head, thorax, and abdomen concolorous.
Expanse of wings : 4t) mm.
1 S from (Jagayan Sulu, north of Borneo (D. f'ator).
The antennae are very strongly plumose. liindmargiu of forewing without any
excision, faintly sinuous, the apex rounded and slightly prominent ; hindwing with
slight tooth at vein 4.
Tl. Hyposidra vittata spec. nov.
Furewimj : brown-black, with a broad cream-white postmcdian fascia angled
on vein 3 and constricted just below it ; a small whitish apical blotch.
llindwimj : with the fascia curved ; fringes concolorous.
Underside the same, but the ground-colour brown and the fascia yellowish.
( 438 )
Head, thorax, aiiJ abdomen concolorons witli wings.
Expanse of wings : 50 mm.
1 ? from Cagayan 8nlu (Cator).
Nearest to Ili/posidra nigrata Warr. from Basilan, but the fiisoia is twice as
broad, the spot in cell absent, and the colour browner.
The nenration of forewing is irregular ; vein 6, the up]ier radial, rising from
the upper end of cell, as usual, curves downwards to hindmargin midway between
4 and 7 ; vein ;">, the lower radial, starting very fine from middle of discocellnlar,
can just be traced curving downwards to margin at the end of vein 4.
T:?. Zanclopera calidata spec. nov.
Foretciiig : warm ochreous, flushed with pale brown and slightly speckled ;
costa pale ochreous dotted with dark, with three larger spots before apex ; first line
at one-fourth, curved, very faint ; a median shade, sinuous and also very faint ; in
one specimen these two lines are hardly traceable ; outer line formed by brown dots
on veins, closely followed b}' a dull gre3'-browa shiide, from fi)ur-fifths of costa to
three-fourths of inner margin, sinuous below median, the dots jilainest towards
inner margin ; fringe pale brownish with darker tips.
llindwing : similar, but without basal line ; fringe ochreous ; cell-spots in
both wings faint.
Underside with paler ground, but the sjicckling and lines dark brown and
distinct ; some dark spots before margin and beyond cell.
Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous, the head slightly deeper ; anal segments
of dorsum with a few brown scales ; legs and underside ochreous, with slight
dark speckling.
Expanse of wings : 30 — 34 mm.
2 (Jc? from Mt. Wuchi, Hainan, May 1903.
Very nenT to Z.falcata Warr. from the Khasias ; the hindmargin of forewing
straighter, the apex less falcate; no black spot on inner margin.
( 439 )
LEPIDOPTERA COLLECTED BY W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT ON
THE AZORES AND MADEIRA IN 1903.
By W. warren, M.A., F.E.S.
1. Pieris brassicae Linn. ab. chariclea Stph., III. i. p. 17. t. 3. figs. 1, 2.
1 c?, 1 ? , Santa Crnz, Graciosa, April 22.
1 S, above Calheta, S. Jorge, Ma)' 7.
1 c?, 2 ? ?, above Caso do Pico, May 21.
2. Chrysophanus phlaeas Linn. ab. phlaeoides Stantl., in St. & Reb., Cut. 512 e.
1 ? , Rabaf al, Madeira, Jnno 7.
3. Agrotis atlantica spec. nov.
Forewinq : red-brown, varying in depth of tint ; the ordinary lines obscnred
across wing, bnt marked on costa by double dark spots ; orbicular stigma round, of
ground colonr, slightly paler than tlic cell on each side of it ; reniform filled np with
grey, darker in lower half ; both slightly edged with pale ; a slight dark mark on
costa before snbmarginal line, which is followed there by a few grey scales ; obscare
grey-brown marginal lunules ; fringe grey-brown.
Ilindwinq : dull smoky buff, with a black snbmarginal fascia thinning ont
towards anal angle ; base and inner margin clouded with darker ; a grey cell-spot ;
extreme hindmargin and fringe buff ; marginal line broad, reddish.
Underside jiale fawn, with a slight reddish tinge ; the whole of the forewing,
e.xcept costal streak and the hindmargin broadly, bronzy dark grey, with the
nervnles showing pale at the edge ; onter line on costa purplish ; hindwing with
cell-spot and postraedian line pnrplish ; the snbmarginal fascia slight; fringe
pale buff.
Thorax, patagia, and tips of shoulders concolorous with forewing ; abdomen
smoky grey like inner margin and base of hindwing, the segmental rings and anal
segment paler; shoulders, head, and apex of palpi fawn-colonr like underside ;
jialpi externally and legs red-brown, with pale scales intermixed ; underside of
abdomen and the pectus smoky fawn-colour.
Expanse of wings : 52 mm.
A series from —
Rpgninho, Terceira, April (S.
Praya, Graciosa, April 29.
Above C!alheta, S. Jorge, May 3-0, Vjjic.
In shape of wings like A. j/ronuba Linn., and superficially resemlding T. baja
Fab., bnt distinguished by the smoky buff hindwings.
4. Agrotis c-nigrum Linn.
A series from —
Regninho, Terceira, Apfil 5.
^bove Calheta, S. Jorge, Mny 3,
( 440 )
•">. Agrotis promiba T.iim.
1 <S, fibovc Hoita, Fiiyal, May 24.
1 ? , (,'aso do Pico, Jlay 23.
2 ? ?, above Magdalena, Pico, ]M;iy 17.
•i. Agrotis saucia Iliiln].
A serios from—
Heguinho, TL'rceira, April 5, 6.
.Vijove C'alhota, S. Jorge, May :i, 4, T, 0.
Below Pico, April 15.
Above Magdalena, Pico, l\Jay IT.
T. Agrotis segetum Sehiff.
1 (?, Hoguiuho, Terceira, April 5.
1 ? , Poizo, Madeira, Febrnary 20.
8. Melanchra granti spec. nov.
Forcwlng : reddish brown ; a dark brown dash from base below median vein :
orbicnlar stigma flattened, elongate, slightly paler, with dark brown edging ; the
cell before and beyond it darker brown ; reniforra oblong, quadrate, filled in with
white scales edged bj' dark brown ; lines in the single specimen obliterated in the
main ; the outer line is scjnarely produced beyond cell, incurved below middle to below
iuij:r edge of reniform stigma, then vertical ; fringe concolorous, with paler base.
Ilimhcinfi : paler, with faintly darker ccll-marlc and dentate postmedian Hue.
Underside like npperside of hindwing, witliout markings except cell-spots and
postmedian lines.
Head and thorax like forewing ; abdomen like hindwing ; palpi darker brown.
Expanse of wings : 38 mm.
1 (?, above Caso do Pico, 1000 ft.. May 21.
'•'. Leucania uuipuncta Ilaw.
A series from —
Reguinho, Terceira, April .">, i>, 9.
Sta. Cruz, Graciosa, April 22.
Praya, Graciosa, April 29.
Above Calbeta, iS. Jorge, May :3, 4.
Above Sta. Cruz, Flores, April Id, 17.
Above Horta, Fayal, May 24.
Above Caso do Pico, May 21.
Above Magdalena, Pico, May 17.
10. Brotolomia meticulosa I'inn.
A series from—
Reguinlio, Terceira, April .">, 0.
Praya, Graciosa, April 20.
Above C'alheta, S. Jorge, May 3. 4.
( 441 )
11- Brotolomia periculosa Gnen. ab. interrupta nov.
In his paper on tlie Lepidoptera of Madeira in tlie Transactions of the.
Entomological Sociefi/ of London for 1891, p. 208, Mr. Baker quotes t.liis
North American sjiecies and the al)erration hninncn as occurring there. Tlie tyjie-
form probably occurs also iu the Azores ; but Mr. Graut lirought back only an
aberration, for which, as differing from the form brunnea Grote, I propose the name
interriiptK. In this the dark central fascia containing the two stigmata, which in
brunnea is entire and continued through to inner margin, is abruptly cut off
close below vein 2, only the limiting lines remaining to mark its course, and these
in the ? ? only. The prevailing tint in the cJ c? is much redder than in the ? ? ,
and the markings more or less obliterated.
2 c?c?, 2 ? ?, May 1003, above Calheta, S. Jorge.
12. Tlialpochares ostrina Hiibn.
A series from —
Ponta Delgada, iS. Miguel, March 2(i.
Santa Cruz, Graciosa, April 22.
Above Magdalena, Pico, May 10.
13. Hypena obsitalis Hiibn.
A series from —
Reguinho, Terceira, April 6.
Santa Cruz, Graciosa, April 22.
Pra5'a, Graciosa, April 29.
Above Caso do Pico, May 21.
14. Microloxia nubigena Wollast.
11 c?(?, Rabacal, Madeira, June G.
15. Cosymbia maderensis ab. irrufata nov.
The type-form of this species was described by Mr. Baker (fPr. E. S. 1891
p. 216) as "finely and densely irrorated with rough pinkish scales." Of 12
e.xamples taken by Mr. Ogilvie-Grant, at Rabacal, Madeira, in June 1003, 5 cJc?
agree with the type-form. The remaining 7 (Q SS, 1 ?) have no red tint
whatever ; they are simply pale ochreous dusted with grey, and tlie cell-spots in
most cases are strongly edged or quite filled up witii deep black. The dots on
veins marking the submarginal and marginal lines are black and conspicuous, and
the basal line is also marked by three black spots. The dark median shade is well
marked in the ?, but hardly expressed in tlie id.
Mr. Baker gave 26 mm. as the expanse of wings ; and with this the ? agrees,
but the c?c? are larger, reaching 30 mm.
10. Cosymbia pupillaria Hiilm.
A series from —
Reguiniio, Terceira, April 6.
Sta. Cruz, Graciosa, April 22.
( 442 )
Caldeira, Graciosa, April 27.
Above Callieta, S. Jorfje, May 2-10.
Above C'ftso do Pico, May 21.
Central Fayal, Jlay 26.
('akluira, Fayal, Jlay 27.
IT. Sterrha rutaria ab- maderae Baker.
1 ?, Rabiiral, IMa'Icira, .Tune 0.
18. Coenocalpe custodiata.
Eiiholia. cnxtodiala (inen., I'lial. ii. p. 401 $.
Among the insects collceted in tlie Azores by Mr. Grant are large numbers of this
North American species, ])reviously described from Madeira by Wollastou as Coremia
ci'iitrostriqarifi. In Staudinger and Rebel's catalogue latintpta Wlk. and luscinata
Zell., both names for the American insect, are rightly made synonyms of rrntrn-
Ktriqarid, which name is retained for the species, but Guenee's name cnxtodiatn for
ills C'alifomian specimens really antedates Wollaston's by a year.
A series from —
Almagreira, Rta. Maria, February 27.
S. Pedro, 8ta. Maria, March 2.
Ponta Delgada, S. Miguel, March 20.
Reguinho, Terceira, April 6.
Sta. Cruz, Graciosa, April 22.
Praya, Graciosa, April 20.
Above C'alheta, S. Jorge, May .5.
Below Pico, May 15.
Above Magdalena, Pico, May 10.
Above Horta, Fayal, May 24-28.
10. Coeuocalpe obstipata Imi
A long series from —
Almagreira, Sta. Maria, February 27.
S. Pedro, Sta. Maria, ]\Iarch 2.
Lameiro, S. Miguel, March 8.
Furnas, S. Miguel, March 14-18.
Sete Cidades, S. Miguel, March 22.
Reguinho, Terceira, April 6.
Flores, Ajiril 10.
)Sta. Cruz, Graciosa, April 22.
Praya, Graciosa, April 29.
Above Calheta, S. Jorge, May 2-10.
Above (!aso do Pico, May 21.
Above llorta, Fayal, May 24-28.
Central Fayal, May 20, 27.
Caldeira, Fa^al, May 20.
(443 )
20. Xanthorhoe inaequata spec. nov.
c?. Foreu-inq : fuscotis-drab, smooth ; the central fascia darker, blackish ; the
basal patch and this fascia are botli edged with waved whitish Hues ; and both
alike as well as the intervening band and the broad marginal area are traversed by
parallel wavy dark lines, as in Camjitofiramma : a small dark cell-spot ; snbmarginal
line very fine, whitisli ; pairs of dark marginal dots; fringe concolorons.
Ilindii'ing : withont basal markings, and all the others obscnre ; fringe whitisli.
Underside grey, darker to onter line, which is whitish.
Head, thorax, and abdomen smooth, fnscons.
? larger and longer, always with a rnfous tinge : in some instances altogether
rnfons with the central fascia colonred like the rest.
Expanse of wings : c? 30 mm. ; ? 34 mm.
In nnmbers from various islands of the Azores.
T^ipe from above Calheta, S. Jorge, May 7.
21. Xanthorhoe rupicola "Wollasf
S cJcT, 2? ?, liiibacal, Madeira, .Tniic C.
22. Chloroclystis spec. ?
1 cf, Rabacal, Madeira, June 'i.
23. Tephroclystia latipennis spec. nov.
Forewinfi : grey-brown, dusted with dark and pale scales; the veins dotted
blackish and whitish ; costa with grey streaks, oblique ontwards before, and inwards
beyond middle ; the three principal lines double and thick, pale brown with a
grey line in middle ; the inner very obscure, bnt apparently bent in middle ; the
second containing the dark cell-spot ; tlie third outcurved from 0 to 2 and pale grey ;
snbmarginal line whitish, dentate, with black teeth between veins ; a black marginal
line interrujited at the ends of the veins by pale brown spots ; fringe dark grey.
llindwing : dark grey towards inner and hind margins, whitish towards costa,
without any brown colouring ; the onter lines and cell-spot dark.
Underside pale ochreous, in the forewing overlaid with fuscous ; cell-spot
black ; the lines marked black on costa; the onter lines across the wing : hindwing,
with black cell-spot and outer lines.
Head, thorax, and dorsum grey-brown ; abdomen beneath ochreous ; palpi dark
fuscous.
Expanse of wings : 26 mm.
1 ? from Raba(,'al, Madeira, 3G0U ft., June 8th, 1903.
24. Tephroclystia ogilviata spec. nov.
Forewing : brown mixed with paler scales, without distinct markings ; traces
of a darker central area edged inwanlly by a deeper nearly vertical band, and
outwardly by an obliipie one ; also an indistinct snbmarginal sliaile,
( 1 14 )
Ilimhnny: the same, with the outer band only.
Underside paler, with the markings rather more definite, and traces of un
obscnre cell-spot.
Faee and palpi dark brown : thorax and abdomen lihe wings.
Expanse of wings : 10 mm.
1 (? from Central Fayal, Azores, 2500 ft. May 10o3.
Wines narrow and elonL'ate. A species standing by itself: it is nnfortnnate
that only one specimen, and that worn, shonld have been secured of this distinct
species.
2.J. Scotorithra fortunata Blaehier.
A series from —
San Pedro, Sta. Maria, March 2.
Lameiro, S. Miguel, March 8-10.
Fnruas, S. Jliguel, March 14-18.
Reguiuho, Terceira, April 0.
Sta. Cruz, Graciosa, April 22.
Rabapal, Madeira, June 6.
20. Pyralis farinalis Linn.
•> SS, above Horta, Fayal, May 24.
27. Udea ferrugalis lliibn.
A series from —
San Pedro, Sta. Maria, March 2. 3.
Ponta Delgaila, S. Miguel, March 20.
llegninho, Terceira, April 6-8.
Sta. Cruz, Flores, April 10.
Sta. Cruz, Graciosa, April 22.
Praya, Graciosa, Ajiril 29.
Above Calheta, S. Jorge, May 7.
Below Pico, May 15.
Above Magdalena, Pico, May 13-10.
Above Capo do Pico, May 21.
Above Horta, Fayal, May 24.
28. Udea numeralis lliibn.
1 (J, 1 ?, Furnas, S. Miguel, JMarch 14-lS.
1 i, Reguiuho, Terceira, April 0.
20. Scoparia aequipennalis spec. nov.
Foreirinq : almost wholly snft'uscd with blackish fuscous; the two lines
whitish, the first slightly oblique outwards, followed by a darker shade containing
the orbicular and claviform stigmata; the outer curved parallel to hindmargin,
somewhat cremilate and indented alwve and below middle, preceded by a dark
( 445 )
shade rontainiiig tho reniform stiifma; the stiumata soinetiraes slight!)- filled np
with dark ochreons ; two slight white patciies iu the marginal space ; fringe grej-,
dark fuscons at base, beyond a crennlate white line ])receded by a black one.
IJindirinc/ : wholly dark fnscons.
Underside glossy dark fnscons : liindwing rather paler, with traces of .-i dark
snbmar.cinal line.
Hea<l, thorax, and abdomen dark fuscons; lower half of face wiiitish.
Expanse of wings : 16 mm.
Nearest to some of the St. Helena species.
A series from —
Ponta Delgada, S. Miguel, March 20.
('rater above Regninho, Terccira, April (i ; f//jje.
Santa ('ruz, Flores, April 19.
C'aldeira, Graciosa, April 27.
Above Calheta, S. Jorge, May 2-0.
Below Pico, May 15.
Central Fayal, May 25.
Above Horta, Fayal, May 2(5.
3ii. Scoparia angustea Stph.
A small series from —
Regninho, Terceira, April 0.
Crater above Regninho.
('aldeira, Graciosa, April 20-29.
Above Calheta, S. Jorge, May 7
Above Horta, Fayal, May 24.
31. Scoparia coecimaculalis spec. nov.
Forc/chiff : brownish grey, with fuscons speckling and markings; a black dash
accompanied by some dark scales at base ; first Hue waved and slightly obli(ine
outwards, followed by the blackish orbicular and claviform stigmata; the reniform
.S-shajted, edged with black : outer line crennlate, jjarallel to hindmargin, indented
below costa ; it is followed, as the inner line is preceded, by a paler brownish grey
space : the dark submarginal cloud constricted or interrupted in midilh' ; a marginal
row of black spots ; fringe like wings, with a dark middle line.
Ilinihriuij : hyaline whitish, tinged with grey at apex, with a grey cell-mark ;
a submarginal line marked mainly by three grey spots, one at costa and on inner
margin, and a third beyond cell ; sometimes a fourth is visible on the submedian
fold, and another on margin beyond cell.
Underside of forewiug brownish grey ; the outer line blackish, and the stigmata
more or less visible ; hindwing white, with the spots blackish.
Head, thorax, and abdomen brownish grey, speckled with darker.
Expanse of wings : 19 mm.
The description was made from the ?, the S not being in so gooil condition.
1 c?, 1 ?, above Calheta, S. Jorge, May 7, 8 : ti/pe.
1 ¥ , Caldeira, Graciosa, April 20,
( 4^« )
32. Scoparia freqiientella Stn.
A small series from —
Almagreira, Sta. Maria, February 27.
San Pedro, Sta. Maria, March 2, 3.
Sta. Crnz, Flores, April 19.
Caldeira, Graciosa, April 27.
33. Scoparia interlinealis spec. nov. and ab. pallidimarginalis nov.
Foreiviiiii : narrow ; ochreons grej-, with darker grey markings ; the dark tints
have a tendency to form dark lines between the veins, especially towards the hind-
margin, while the costa and inner margin are often broadly ochreous to near hind-
margin ; in (■onse(jnence the nsual transverse markings are rarely clear ; when
visible the inner line limiting the basal area is acntely angled in middle, and tlic
pale oblique outer and snbmarginal lines are sometimes visible across the dark linear
shades ; the stigmata are rednced to flattened black blotches, the reniforni
sometimes appearing to be broken up into 3 or 4 blaek dots ; fringe jiale with n.
dark middle line.
Ilindwing : shining whitish grey, r.ather darker along margin.
Underside of forewing shining dark grey with the costal margin ochreons ; of
hindwing whitish.
Palpi whitish above, black below ; he.-id and thorax dark grey ; abdomen
ochreous.
Expanse of wings : 10 mm.
In one of the S6 the whole forewing is dark brownish fusrons, narrowing
from base to margin ; the costal and inner-miirginal streaks are broad and ochreons,
and the fringe also is glossy ochreous ; the extremities of the two lines apjiear .as
slight dark streaks on the pale margins. For this form, which looks at first i|niU;
difterent, I projiose the name iifillhlimiiqiimilix.
A series from —
Fnrnas, S. Miguel, March 14-lS.
Sete Gidades, S. Miguel, March 23.
Crater above Reguinho, Terceira, A]n'il 0.
Sta. Cruz, Graciosa, April 22.
1 ? , Caldeira, Graciosa, April 20 : ("///«■.
Above Calheta, S. Jorge, May 5.
34. Scoparia scoriella Woliast.
3 c?c?, 2? ? , Rabapal, Madeira, June 7.
35. Scoparia semiamplalis spec. nov.
Foreivivg : whitish ; the markings blackish and distinct ; a blackish cloud at
base of costa ; the whole middle space between the two lines blackish, almost
obliterating the stigmata ; the snbmarginal shade restricted to two triangular
blotches, one on costa, the other on inner margin ; a dentate black marginal line
C447 )
with a few Llack scales at middle ; fringe wliitisli, with the base thickly mottled
with lilackish.
lliiidwiiig : greyish white, semi-hyaline, darker grey towards ajiex, with a grey
cell-mark ; fringe white with a grey line.
Underside of forewing dark grey with a white costal mark beyond outer line ;
of hindwing pale grey ; fringe whitish with a dark lino.
Head and thorax dark grey ; abdomen paler with aual tuft whitish.
Expanse of wings : IG mm.
1 S , Begninho, Terceira, April 0.
This might have been referred to S. sfenota Wollast. as a dark aberration, but
the hindwing is very wide and rounded, while that of staiwta is narrow and pointed
at apex.
36. Scoparia stenota ^Vollast.
1 S, Reguinho, Terceira, April. 6.
1 S, above I'alheta, S. Jorge, May 2.
NOTE ON THE ELAND OF THE WHITE NILE.
By the HON. WALTER ROTHSCHILD, Pn.D.
(Plate Xll.)
C^OWE three years ago I obtained two skulls with horns of an Eland from the
^^ Balir el tihazal, and I was at once struck by their gigantic size, as compared
to South African specimens. They fully confirmed Heuglin's diagnosih of his Orcas
yiyas. Although four or five other skulls and horns were obtained, it is only
within the last few months that scalps and head-skins have been sent home. To
my astonishment the Eland in question turns out to be very close to, if not identical
with, the Derbiau Eland, Taurotragun <krbianus, of Senegambia. Until we can
compare recently killed West African T. dcrbiaiius with White Nile specimens, it
is impossible to say definitely if they are identical. Heuglin's Eland will therefore
at present stand as Taurotrayus dcrbkums gigas, though the individual differences
in the three head-skins I have seen are so great that I personally have no doubt
that Heuglin's Eland is true Taurotragm de<-hianm. The plate is from a specimen
now in the Cairo Turf Club.
( 448 )
^\
ON SOME NEW LEPIDOPTERA DISCOVERED BY
A. S. MEEK IN BRITISH NEW GUINEA.
By the Hon. WALTER ROTHSCHILD and KARL JORDAN.
. /"HEN describing in Aoc. Zool. xi. p. 31i) (1904) some remarkable Lepitlupterii,
obtained b)' A. S. Meek at Owgarra, sitnated at a high altitude north ot
the head of the Aroa River, we mentioned that the outbreak of measles had
compelled the collector to return at once to the coast with his men. The few
hundred specimens found during two or three days' collecting, among which were
the wonderful new Troides cliimciera and a number of new Delias, new T.ycaenidae,
Milionia, etc., were just enough to show what a fine collection might have been
got together if no such deplorable disaster had overtaken the expedition. After
all the hardships undergone and the personal danger attendant ujion an expedition
into the interior, it would have been very natural if the hard luck experienced
had discouraged A. S. Meek entirely from going again into the mountains. But
our friend's spirit is not easily damped, and the fine things he had found up
there did not leave him any peace. We were agreeably surprised to hear from him
that he had made preparations to revisit those high regions in order to maki^
a thorough collection of Lepidoptera, and especially to discover the male of
Troides chimaera.
Well, the collection is safely iu our hands, and a remarkable one it is indeed.
We do not easily get into ecstasies over some new species arriving at Tring, but
this collection gave us reason for being astonished. Not only is the percentage
of new species very high, but what is more noteworthy, there is a remarkably
large number of new genera of which no representatives have been found at lower
altitudes. The total number of species is less high than in the first collection
made by A. S. Meek on the Upper Aroa River in 1903 ; but that is only natural,
considering the altitude and attendant physical features of the region where the
present collection was made. Meek's letters referring to this expedition are very
interesting reading. As they give one a good idea of the district collected in,
and of the doubtful pleasures a collector must expect to meet if he ventures
into the interior of New Guinea, we give here some extracts, which we hope
the reader will find as interesting and instructive as we did ourselves. We
congratulate Mr. Meek heartily on having achieved such great success in a district
where climate and natives are equally bad.
In a letter dated Cooktown, July 4th, 1904, Mr. A. .S. Meek told us that
he was still undecided about a new expedition to the mountains. " But I am
almost sure," he added, " to take that trip. If I do go I intend stojiping inland
a long time (not for good, I liope), and shall try to get all my boys signed on
for twelve months. 1 shall iirobably take an extra assistant and a big crowd
of collectors, so as to do the thing thoroughly."
A fortnight later he informed us that he was going to leave Couklowu
for New Guinea, iu order to engage " boys " as collectors and carriers, before
proceeding west (from Port Moresby). " The leeches are terribly bad at those
( 449 )
altitndes. I shall make canvas 'sea-boots' for the boj's this time before we
start. I am goiii^' to try very hard for the male of that hairy Troides, and am
taking up a i|aantity of trade goods and gear to induce the natives to help. I
am rather off colour at present through loss of blood. The doctor was in this
morning, and managed to stop the bleeding somewhat. I must have lost a quart
of blood during the night. If I don't get better I shall not leave for New Guinea
by this boat."
Fortunately Mr. Meek recovered sufficiently to leave Queensland. His uext
letter came from Sariba Island, Samarai, British New Guinea, dated August lUth.
" I have not started for the mountains as yet. I was away last week looking
for boys, but without success. I have been very unwell lately ; in fact, I don't
think I shall be fit for much more knocking about without a good long change
of climate, which I hope will set me np again. During the first day I was
away by myself looking for boys I was sick all the time. I wish it were possible
for me to send some one in my place on this next mountain trip 1 I should
like to get well up in altitude before the birds commence moulting. As I iiinl
a good deal of new gear made while I was in Queensland last month, we shall
be better equipped and start under better conditions than previously, knowing
the language a bit and the natives, besides having my previous experience,
which is all worth a great deal. I am also taking a new assistant, though I
have as yet my doubts whether he will be of much good to me."
On October 1 7th Mr. Meek writes from the Aroa River: "I am now fairly
on my way to the high mountains, coming this time cut Yule Island. It has
taken us one long day by canoe up the inlet, two days by drays (per sandalwood
getter), and four days by boat. Of course it is the delay everywhere in getting
carriers which eats up the time. Since I started recruiting collectors for tins
trip just two months and a half have elapsed, and I do not expect to be in camp
at the high altitudes before three weeks at the earliest. Please send me some
more boxes for insects. I shall most likely come up again, as there is no great
point in losing so much time for one collection only— though I want very badly
to come home next year. It is strange how one's blood gets so bad out here.
A week ago I foolishly struck a native with my hand (instead of taking a lump
of wood), and accidentally struck his teeth. Now I have a beautiful hand that
may take months to heal. Some years ago you sent me a sketch of a beautiful
Delias which has a large orange patch on the underside of the hindwing, with
a black dot in it, and of which I got only one specimen last time.* The reason
for that, I find, was that we were too high. I have noticed several specimens
lower down than this place. AVe are yet two days below my camj) of the first
trip. It will take us as long as that on account of the difficulty of procuring
carriers. C>f course the higher we get the quicker we shall travel, as the population
is more numerous and the natives are more willing to carry, owing to their want
of trade goods. I shall try to stay four months this time, health permitting.
But it is very wet up there, and cokl and miserable. It can't be too healthy to
have the blankets soaking wet every night, and almost to have to wring them out
every morning I The birds are all starting to moult, I find, so I doubt if I shall
do much in that way this time. Besides, I haven't any of my regular South Sea
shooting boys with me, whom I have had for so many years. I find my previous
knowledge of the language of the very greatest help. I am taking two natives
* Deltas albert isi iteiji.
( 450 )
from here as interpreters to Owgarra on the monatains. That speaks for itself.
They woiikl not have confidence to come if they did not understand one."
Ou October 21st Mr. Meek reached a place suitable for his camp. To get
there from the coast had taken him just a month ! The diihcnlties of travel in
those parts are enormous. " My men and carriers got here two days later. 1
shall try to stop until Kew Year in this camj). The cold is intense at night.
One of my buys had faiutiug-fits to-day. I put it down to change of climate.
He belongs to Kai)ahapa, a coast village, bnilt over the sea, close to Port Moresby,
and is a big, strong fellow. This place is only six or seven hours from my old
camp of the second trip, but is very much higher, as one has two big mountains
to climb, and comes down very little. I came over accompanied by six boys, and
was in clouds from the time of leaving camp ; it was raining all the way. When
I got here 1 mentally resolved to go back the next day ; but at daybreak the
next morning everything looked so bright aud ])rouiising that I sent carriers
back to bring our gear.
" The man I mentioned yesterday as being ill had to be strapped up all night
for fear of his doing some damage. He went ofl' his head again in the early
jiart of the night, and cleared into the bush with a conjjle of long net-handles,
under the impression they were spears. I had to send the boys out with a lamj)
to find him. They found him collapsed, but he was violent enough when brought
into camp. 1 have another man who went off his head, but was quite harmless
(so far). He has had only one attack. He told me the next morning, ' 8'i)ose
my place, boy make'm hand leg fast, longa maina (rope), bye'mbye t'morrow all
right finish.' I have sent my mail-boys down to the coast, and hope they will
bring the insect-boxes, which have arrived there.
" A white man, a prospector, accompanied me to the Aroa Kiver, where
I had to leave him. He seemed too scared of the natives to bring him along
to places where there is a chance of the natives being bad. The peojile up hero
killed a man about four days ago belonging to a village situated on the next
spur to this one. Next day they could distinctly be heard from here wailing.
The people here have repeatedly asked me to go and shoot the neighbouring
crowd ! One can count over thirty villages from here. It is too cold at this
altitude. Tlie boys can't stand it; they are shivering all night, aud comjilaiii
most bitterly of the cold. It's no wonder, for I myself find it difficult to keep
the cold out at uight with two woollen singlets and cloth jacket, besides being
under a heavy rug. When it is raining or cloudy (fog) it is not too bad ; but
these clear nights the cold is very piercing. From my camp here, on a clear
morning, we can see over the head of this river aud ou to the watershed of tbe
Tauajia, which river can be traced to its head, a distance from here I should
estimate to be about twenty miles in a direct line. Please don't imagine 1 am
telling you this in the expectation or hope of your wanting me to go there, for
I should be very reluctant to go. To get to the head of the Tanajia from here
would take, I should say, about three weeks (I), not allowing for hostile natives.
^Ve are camped on a spur high up ou the side of a valley, aud on a sunshiny
morning it makes a very pretty sight looking down the valley ; it's all grass,
extending low down, being divided into paddocks with villages, resembling farms
and meadows of some places in England. There is another big tribe named
Endever higher up ou this river ; I can just make out the first of their villages
from here. I may send collectors there if any people come down from there
( 451 )
visiting my (iamp, though I am donbtful if there would be much difference in
tlie insects. The villages are much closer to the river thau we are, which accounts
for ns being able to see over the head of the watershed.
" It will be a wonder to me if I get througli these next two months without
some sort of friction with the natives. These peojile here are (|uite different from
the Aroa River lot, being lazy, and inclined to be saucy when there is a big crowd
of them. When in Cooktown last I bought two kangaroo dogs (stag hounds).
The dog got bitten by a snake on the road up, and died. The bitch gave birth to
six jiups four days ago, since when she has developed man-eating propensities. I
have had to pay several natives for her tackling them, and have now no difficulty
whatever in keeping the camp clear of natives. They are only used to such little
rats of dogs that the size alone of this one scares them.
" I find the man I brought up from the Aroa River is of very little good, iu
fact useless, as interpreter, and I never use him for that purpose, as I am able
to make the natives here understand myself. They know much more of the Aroa
River language than I thought. This chap's mate left me on the road : he got
scared at seeing so many natives. I am rather sorry that the other man did not
bolt too.
"This place certainly 'takes the bun' for rain. So far it has been raining
every afternoon. Last time I was at Cooktown I sent to Brisbane for seven
air-tight boxes and an acetylene-gas lamp, and am now very thankful I did. I
have a staging rigged over the edge of the steep slope, almost a precijiice, and
put the lamp on that and work the nets. I am rather disappointed as regards
day-flying moths : I expected to find many more. I have one medium-sized white
Nymphalid with simple tail like Chdi-axes. The insect has black underside with
white stripes.* Then I have the almost pure wliite Morphotenaris mvescens, and
a grey and white Teiiariis with narrow forewiug, which I have not met with before.
There are perhaps altogether eight or nine fair-sized butterflies which are new to
me, but any amount of new moths. These are rather the rule thau the exception
this time, especially among the Geometridac. I have so far taken all the Fieridae
found before on the Aroa River and at Owgarra, with the exception of one, and
have a fair number of moths. The latter I find resemble very much European
things, more particularly the moths which sit on bark or wood."
Soon after arrival at his destination BIr. A. S. Meek saw two males of Troicks.
" While waiting for the carriers I went down to the bed of the river to look at
the country for collecting purposes and to select a suitable place for the camp. I
had just started to come up, when a native sang out, and not more than fifteen
yards away I saw a male Troidcs going down fair wind at a great rate. I most
distinctly saw it was green, and at the time felt very disappointed, as I took it
for the common form. The second male, which I saw some days later, was a big
black and golden specimen that went past the camp. Several people saw it, and
one man had a shot at it with small shot. It seemed to be hit, as it spun round,
then closed its wings and disappeared over a precipice. I had all the boys out then,
what time it was not raining, looking for it, but without success.
"The natives have brought me in four damaged females of the conjnion Idiul,
but more velvety black."
"Since writing last," Mr. Meek proceeds in his letter of Novemlicr Nth,
" the natives have Ijrought in four nudes of the common green Troidfs, thus
• Myites wt'l/Kferi ftintrltniiru-s,
30
( 452 )
clearing up any donbts abont the females previously mentioned ; and also one female
of the banded Troides.* I obtained an egg from her, but am doubtful of finding
the creeper here to rear the larva on. I have also seen one more male, black and
gold, presumably of the species with the banded body. Now is the first quarter
of the moon. I shall stop here until the first full moon after next — that is, about
five weeks."
On November IGth Meek obtained the male of Troides chimurra. " 1 have
the male at last I It is a most beautiful insect, all black and gold. There are
three long stripes on the forewiug ; the hiudwiug is semitransparent and gold^
inclining to be tailed.
"I am not bothering much about birds, the leeches being too bad. I told
you before, I have no good shooting-boys this trip, consequently my assistants have
an easy time. Birds are not worth collecting unless one can utilise the shooting-
boys as boat's crew.
" I got a small Chaiaxes-\\kQ butterfly new to me. It is greenish white with
deep black border.f
" We have had a spell of comparatively dry weather," A. S. Meek continues
on November 22nd, "and have made several additions to the collection. There is
one large ' Owl-butterfly,' chocolate, with large eyes on the hindwing ; it has a
similar eye near the tip of the forewing and a large cream or yellow band.j; I
have also two more females of the banded Troides chimaera, and a female of a
possibly new species (though doubtful), with the forewings black and the hindwings
dark yellow and black. § There is yet another Pierid, for which I think you will
have to make a new genus, and several handsome day-flying moths. The collection
is going to become a good one. The Troides male alone is worth coming for, if
one could only afford to collect for pleasure. It is the most handsome and the
largest species I have seen. The specimen is absolutely perfect. I have now two
fertile eggs of the species."
Mr. Meek did not succeed in rearing the larvae.
As the consignment of insect-boxes despatched from Triug had not reached
him before starting for the mountains, Meek was rather short of boxes for the
set insects. On December Gth he writes : " I have been busy all day shifting
specimens, repacking and throwing away any damaged specimens of insects,
trying to economise sjiace so as to be able to make a longer stay than originally
intended. So you can judge what my joy was to see my mail-boys coming back,
after fourteen days' absence, with two packs of store-boxes and a big mail. I will
now stay longer here, in spite of the troublesome natives. By Jove I after getting
my camp safely away, I should like to come back and punish a few of these
niggers here most severely. There are some here with whom I should not put up
any longer, if it was not for getting the camp away. They arc too trying. 1 do
not know which way to go back, as I am afraid of the Aroa River in the wet
season, on account of getting the collections over. Perhaps I shall go back the
way I came up the first time.
" Four of my boys have run away.
" I have got another female of the banded Troides, perfect, with the exce])tion
of the legs being lost. The natives shot all the females with pronged arrows. I
felt more pleased when the male of this 8i)ecics was brought in than if I had been
* Troidfi fkiititu-rai % A new J\fofj>Jtfljf8i.t.
f IMcijrii. § Aberraut $ of eiiphoriau,
( 4o3 )
left- a fortnne. I gave the boy two shilliogs, two tiii,s of English bacon, anil five
sticks of tobacco. I have got what I came for, so I am satisfied. Of the Morplio-
tcnaris I have a fair series now, bnt we are too high for the tailed TroidesT *
It was not a particularly tine Christmas that our friend sjient np there in
his monntain cam}), near the head-waters of the Angabunga River, a' southern
affluent of the St. Joseph liiver. " Rain all day yesterday and to-day," he writes on
December 25th. " My mail-boys have been away eighteen days, and are not back
yet. Up to the present I have set about 5GU0 insects, and have everything now
that I came for, and am in hopes of getting more of that fine Troides. I have
lately been getting local natives to work for them, but cannot get any good
specimens besides the first one.
" Three days ago I had to go across to another village to make friends (or
otherwise) with the natives of Sotamah, on account of the people here at camp
telling me they were afraid of going there to collect, as the Sotamah people were
threatening them with spears from above on the hillside. I have been expecting a
jiig and native food yesterday or to-day, as a sign of good-will resulting from my
journey, but the rain has ajiparently delayed them.
" You will probably recollect my mentioning some time ago that I thought you
had made a mistake in stating I only got one female of Papilio weiskei during my
stay at the Aroa River in 1903. Well, I have kept this time all the specimens,
both good and bad, and find that I have several females, but not one like the single
green female specimen figured by you.
" If I could onl) find the proper food-plant of the banded Troides, I could breed
ii lot. I have fully fifteen eggs of the species ; some have already hatched, but the
larvae have died. The natives shoot the females, as I said l)efore, with bows and arrows.
" I have read Mr. Pratt's article describing his expedition to the Aroa River
(Dinawa and neighbourhood). It is rather amusing reading for one who knows the
country. ' So thick was the forest that scarcely any light penetrated ' . . . ' and as
it was raining must of the way, not a sound was heard or a sign of life, etc' I
suppose this is the approved style of writing abont a tropical country. But you
will perhajjs be interested to hear that down near the coast ' game ' abounds. It is
usual for a person who has any go in him to be ahead of the carriers with rifle or
gnn to shoot game. The last time I came up (last year, on the ' measle ' trip), we
got three Goura pigeons, one cassowary, one 'turkey,' two wallabies, and, with
dynamite, about a hundredweight of fish iu one day's travelling. I only wish we
had some of the game up here.
" The liindwing of the banded Troides, when alive or fresh, is almost a trans-
parent gold. I saw a specimen some hundred feet high up some days ago, and the
liindwings were so conspicuous that the specimen looked as if it had brilliant yellow
tails. I notice that the transparency disappears more or less when the s2)ecimen is
dead and dried. I notice too that iu the old S2)ecimens the greenish golden colour
along the costal margin of the ibrewing lias turned to bhiish green on account of
sua or weather.
" I am going to send this letter down by native carrier to-morrow (December
29th). I have heard to-day from the natives that some of the boys I sent down on
the 8th have been killed by the Powra jicople, and that the remainder are afraid of
coming back here. So if this letter reaches you, it is lucky. I am sending it by a
different route, along the south side of the Aroa instead of the north, which was the
* X. meritlhnuiUs,
( 454 )
way we came after leaving Booboonie on (he Aroa. I shall probably go that way
myself on the return, as I don't want to jeopardise this collection by hostile natives.
I shall not stop more than six weeks here. I have enough of it. This incessant
rain is very disheartening. It's not too bad when one has plenty of work, but that
is impossible when it is raining so much. There is no doubt a collector earns all he
makes. This killing business will make the remainder of my boys very chary of
going far from camp.
" January Tth.— I have been unable to get a native to bring this letter down.
As I got further news that all my boys whom I had sent down to the coast, as
well as the runaways, had been killed, I had the camp ])acked up ready to start.
To my surprise, shortly before sundown the boys reported to be killed tnrued
up, bringing my mail and a little flour and sugar.
" I have got another new ' Owl-Butterfly '* and several male specimens of the
rare Troidcs. I am too high iov ijoliuth and meridionals, except in the bottom of
the valley below us, where one can get most of the coast things. But I do not work
there on the meagre chance of getting these rarities.
" I shall leave here in February rid the Aroa. We have to cross the Aroa in
two places ; it means a big swim, the river being very rapid in flood."
The collection has arrived at Tring in very good order. Besides the male of
Troiden chimaera, the two fine new Morjiliopsis, the splendid Lycaenids and day-
flying moths, the most noteworthy Lepidoptera obtained are some new genera of
Sati/rinae allied to Ihjpocijsta and a new genus of Saturniidae allied to the Indo-
Japanese genus Rhodia. One of these Satijrinac is a mimic of Mi/i(es websteri and
some Pierids. The peculiar Fhirdana weiskei Rothsch. (19U1) is apparently not
rare at that high altitude : also Acntea mei/eri Kirsch (1877) was met with in some
numbers. The Ih'lias discovered by Weiske and Meek on the Aroa are all
represented in the collection, mostly in fine series, there being also one conspicuous
new Delicitf, and another new Pierid for which we have to propose a new genus.
There are only a few species of Eiqiloca and Teiiaris,^ while the Lycaenids are well
represented. We describe only some of the novelties iu the jiresent j'aper, as lack
of time prevents us from studying all the species collected.
The specimens are all from the Angabunga River, a southern aflJneut of the
.St. Joseph River, (JoOO ft. and upwards, November 1904 to February 1905.
NYMPHALIDAE.
1. Morphopsis ula spec nov.
Sexes similar.
c?. Body mummy-brown above, greyish tawny-olive beneath ; palpus with two
pale lateral lines, one beneath and the other above.
Wings, ujiperside, jiale chestnut. Forewing : distal margin scalloped,
hinder margin strongly rounded-dilated ; a broad band from two-thirds of costal
margin to distal margin, reaching the latter between M' and (SM'), creamy, washed
with ochraceous behind, proximally incised or sinuate on or just behind the veins,
the disc brnwu between apex of cell and creamy band ; a band of four large black
spots from SC to R^ not separated, the first spot indistinct, the second and third
elongate, the fourth round, the last three centred with bluish white ; three brown
* A second new .Vnrjiliojisis.
■j- On the lower Aroa Uiver llr. Meek found a series o£ Tciuiru hutlcri Oljcrth. (187!)),
( 455 )
Fnbraarginal lialfmooni? R- — M', followed distally hy a lirown ailmargiual line
which is broken at the veins ; marginal area olive-black from R- costail, ochraccons
tawny backward ; fringe olive. -Ilindwing scalloped ; costal area, inclusive of
almost the entire discoidal cell, and abdominal area from (SM') backwards olive-
bistre, distal edge washed with olive ; a very large black ocellus M' — M'-, centred
with white and blue and encircled by an ochraceous tawny ring, the ocellus extending
beyond veins M' and M-, occasionally a small ocellus between W and M' and another
between R^ and R' ; a reversedly crenate pale tawny submarginal line bordered with
blackish brown ou both sides.
Unilerside olivaceous wood-brown, somewhat clayish. Forewing washed
with olive-black from M- forward ; an olive-black band across middle of cell,
bordered ou both sides by olivaceous wood-brown, the distal one of these pale
border-lines angulate and contiguous with an olive-black line which gradually shades
off distally; a curved row of olivaceous wood-brown halfmoons from M- costad,
strongly arched, open distally ; a short creamy-white costal band costally of these
halfmoons, the band reappearing between R- and R', the olive-black space between
the white markings (and further back) being sharply limited by a pale line ; outside
the white spot SC^ — R' a chocolate jjatch ; an irregular row of ocelli from
SC- to M-, ocelli R' — R- and M' — M- black, ringed with wood-brown and olive
and centred with white; the other ocelli more or less wood-brown, ringed with
olive and marked with a thin white halfring, ocellus R' — R- more proximal than the
others, the band of ocelli accompanied on each side by a more or less continuous
olive line bordered with wood-brown; outside the ocelli a row of chocolate spots
bordered by an olive-black reversedly crenate line, upon which follows distally a
similar but thinner olive-black line, the former line ending in a black cloud between
M' and SM-. Hindwing : a black, slightly chocolate line before middle of cell
extending from anterior margin of cell to SM-, curving distad from middle of cell
to JI, straight in front and behind ; an olive-black irregularly crenate line from costal
margin to SM-, outside cell, separated by a wood-brown crenate line from a row of
more or less strongly arched chocolate spots, spots SC^ — R- thin, the others
broader and continuous ; a large black double ocellus C — R' centred and sprinkled
with white, snrrounded by wood-brown and olive-black rings, followed behind R',
but within the outer rings, by a small ocellus ; a large black ocellus M' — M^
corresponding to that on npperside ; two blind ocelli R- — M', kidney-shaped,
farther distal than the black ones, marked inside with a bluish white halfring ;
these blind ocelli and the posterior black one surrounded together by a wood-bnnvn
line; the space between anterior and posterior black ocelli olive-black, slightly
streaked with chocolate at veins, the sjjace continucns anteriorly with a chocolate
snbmarginal band which runs parallel with outer margin from C to SM-, joining
before SM- the chocolate discal band, the snbmarginal band regularly convex
distally between the veins, separated by a wood-brown line from an olive-black
reversedly crenate line.
? similar to 3. Uppcrside : disc of forewing proximally of pale band much
more extended black ; black snbmarginal line of hindwing broad, band-like.
Underside: paler than in S ; forewing with creamy white band in the same
position as above, but much narrower and paler, including the last and part of
the last but one ocellus.
Length of forewing : S, 50 to 50 mm. ; ? , 50 to CO mm.
Eight dc?, two ? ?.
( 456 )
2. Morphopsis uieeki sper. nov.
(J. PxhIv olive-ljlack, slightly chocolate on pronotum and skips nf sterna :
antenna tawny.
Wings, uppcrsiflc, olive-black. Forewing : hinder margin less ronndcil-
dilated than in the other species, long, distal margin almost entire ; a very broad
silvery white glossy band from costal margin to hinder angle, not reaching the
edges of the wing, widest at IV, being distally angnlate at this vein. Hindwing :
a black ocellns M'— M= half-way between cell and distal margin, marked inside with
a white halfring, and encircled by a pale shadowy ring : two ronnd pale bine spots
]i2_Mi at two-thirds from cell to onter margin, centred witli a white line ; a tawny
orange submarginal band proximally dentate npon the veins, ill defined distally ;
distal edge of wing somewhat scalloped.
L'mh'isidc olivaceons mnmmy-browu. — —Forewing : a pale indistinct bar
across middle of cell ; a black ocellus R'— R- encircled by an indistinct pale ring ;
proximally of ocellus a pale line, angnlate at R', endiiig in a white costal bar ;
this line joining before R' another indistinct line which runs distally of ocellns
from costal margin to W ; a reversedly crenate pale snbmarginal line followed by a
straight admargiual one ; the pale lines olivaceons bistre, like hindmargiual area
from M- backwards. Hindwing : abdominal area rufons chestnnt ; a black donble
ocellns SC'-— R- marked inside with white, encircled by rings of bistre, olive-black,
rnfons chestnnt, olive-black, and bistre ; two separate black ocelli M^— SM'-, marked
with white, each encircled by a bistre ring and the two together by rings of olive-
black, rnfons chestnnt, olive-black, and bistre ; the e.xternal bistre rings of the
anterior and posterior ocelli connected with one another across R^ ; to the rings are
also joined two lines situated proximally of the ocelli, the anterior line running from
costal margin obliquely distad, ending in the bistre ring between R" and R^ the
second line, convex proximally, emanating from the posterior bistre ring between
R3 and M', joining the ring again behind SM^ the space encircled by this second
line chestnnt ; two small bistre spots R^— M' distally of the ocelli, bearing bluish
white scaling, the spots representing two more ocelli, being either separate or being
connected one with the anterior, the other with the posterior bistre ring ; a reversedly
crenate snbmarginal line followed by a straight admarginal one, both bistre-colour.
?. Wings paler on vjqH'rskk than in i. Forewing with rather narrow band
from beyond middle of costal margin to apex of SM-, slightly widening behind,
yellowish cream-colour in front, gradually becoming orange-buff behind, distal edge
of band crenate ; a vestige of two black ocelli R'— R'' just outside the band,
bearing some bluish white scales ; three bluish white snbmarginal dots HC'-"— R'.
Hindwing essentially as in S, but fringe cream-colour.
E/;;f/(vvw/c slightly paler than in S. Forewing: band as on upperside, but,
creamy buff, slightly yellowish behind ; an indistinct small black ocellus R'— R-
followed by a vestige of a second ocellus, both situated between the band and
a creamy buff line which joins the band before R' ; this line angnlate at SO'',
broken up into spots anteriorly ; two faint lines along distal margin slightly paler
than the ground-colour. Hindwing as in cJ, but the bistre lines paler, the
proximal portion of the outermost bistre rings of the ocelli creamy buif: fringe
creamy buff; this colour slightly extending npon wing at apex.
Length of forewing : c?, 40 to 4:i mm. ; ? , 45 mm.
Two c?(J,one ?.
( 457 )
Erycinidia gen. no v.
S . Ncnration similar to that of ilyporiji^ta ; M' a very little nearer R' than M-.
Hindwing triangnlar, being prolonged in the direction of M-, ending in an obliquely
rounded lobe. Eye naked.
Only c? (? of one species known.
Recalling Lamprolenis G. & S. (1880) by the shape of the hindwing.
3. Erycinidia gracilis spec. uov.
c?. Body olive, grey beneath ; legs somewhat clayish ; naked parts of antenna
ochreons.
Wings, uppcrside, olivaceous, bnrnt-umber-brown, hindwing more olive than
forewing. Forewing with a broad shadowy band beyond middle of a deeper
brown tint, followed by the vestige of a pale band. Hindwing with an incon-
spicuous double admarginal brown line ; a small black ocellus behind M', centred
with a white dot and encircled by a pale brown ring ; tail-lobe with some scattered
white scales.
Untlei-Kidc drab. -Forewing more olive than hindwing, a band before apex
of cell, extending from costal edge to M, bordered with olive, and a band on
disc grey, the discal band almost straight proximally, gradnally shading off distally,
its inner edge crossing R^ one-third the way from cell to distal margin ; three small
ocelli SC^ — W, consisting of a white pnjiil, an olive ring, a clayish grey one, and
again an olive one; outside the ocelli au undulating olive submarginal line followed
by a straight, indistinct, admarginal one. Hindwing irrorated with whitish scales
from base to discal line ; an olive line from costal margin oblicjuely to near SM-,
entering cell jnst proximally of R' and leaving it distally of i)oint of origin of M-,
the whitish scales sliglitly condensed near this line ; a second line on disc, parallel
with the first, contiguous with ajiex of cell, curved basad at M", bordered with
grey on distal side ; a straight row of six small ocelli, in which a white central
dot is surrounded by black except in the upper two ; two olive lines between
ocelli and edge of wing, parallel to wing-edge, somewhat crenate.
Length of forewing : 18 to 20 mm.
A short series oi S S .
Pieridopsis gen. nov.
c??. Eye naked. Wings short; neuration essentially as in Ih/pori/sfa, but
discoidal cells of both wings much shorter, that of hindwing being shorter than
R' ; D- of forewing angulate, R- originating from below this angle ; hindwing
triangnlar, being somewhat prolonged in the direction of M-, this vein ending
in a short broad lobe, costal margin long.
Type : P. virgo.
Allied to Eri/cinklia, but easily distinguished by the short discoidal cell
of the hindwing.
Pieridopsis virgo spec. nov.
c??. Body olive, hairs on side of meso-metanotum partly white, abdonu'i.
beneath white, ]ialjms clothed with a mixture of white and olive scales.
Wings, aljoi-c, white. Forewing : apici-distal area and costal margin black,
C 458 )
the black colonr entering apex of cell and occnpying in ? also anterior third
of cell (along 8C) ; a white costal spot at two-thirds ; inner edge of black distal
area less sharply defined in ? than in 6. Hindwing : fringe at distal and
abdominal margins black ; a black adraarginal line from R^ liackwards, thicker
on veins, forming two dots in tail-lobe, a ronnd snbmargiual dot M' — M
also black.
Underside of the sexes different (in onr single pair); olivaccons black.
Forewing of male white from hinder margin forward, this area extending to middle
line of cell, sending out a broad belt across cell to costal margin abont \l mm.
from cross-veins, and a narrow band from M' obliquely to costal margin, this
baud being the distal border of a broad black band which extends from costal
margin a little beyond M', being widest iu front ; four small, ill-defined, olive-
black ocelli SC— R^ pupilled with white, the row of ocelli bordered proximally
as well as distally by a grey line ; parallel with distal edge of wing two rather
weak greyish lines contiguous with olive-black ones, the external greyish line
very thin. In female the wing washed over with olive-black, the white markings
being partly vestigial only, and the white discal area being reduced to a broad
stripe along hinder margin. Hindwing of male : a broad band from shoulder
to two-thirds of M', sinuate behind base of M^ a second band from middle of
costal margin to R^ where it joins the first band, the two forming au )'; this }'
pale yellow, except from costal margin to SC ; a row of five vestigial ocelli from
SC^ backwards, the white centres being alone distinct ; upper two ocelli with
feeble white line on i>roximal side, a distinct white band on distal side of upper
three, followed distally by two grey lines, which run from apical to anal angles ;
tail-lobe black, with creamy scales at base and apex ; abdominal fuld slightly
irrorated with dispersed creamy scales, there being also au irregular creamy streak
between W and SM-. In female the wing washed over with olive-black, the
markings being obliterated for the greater jmrt ; two white costal spots distinct ;
a pale yellow patch on disc beyond cell corresponding to the posterior portion
of the Ffound in t? ; a creamy streak on abdominal fold ; ocelli and lines in distal
area more or less vestigial, ocellus M' — M'- black, distinct.
Length of forewing : cJ ? , 25 mm.
One pair.
Platypthima gen. nov.
(??. Similar to Ili/poiys/a Westw. (\S5l) a,nd A/r/i/ronymp/ia Math. (ISSO).
Eye hairy. Wings short and broad, especially the hindwing ; neuration essentially
as in Ihjporyiita.
Type : P. ovnata.
5. Platypthima ornata spec. nov.
S ? . Body dirty white, palpus and breast clayish and olive-black, antenna
ochraceou? beneath, tibiae and tarsi more or less clayish ochraceons.
Wings, iij/persidc, olivaceous black. Forewing : a smoky white area from
hinder margin forward to point of origin of M', the area somewhat silvery, extending
to base, occupying about half the cell, and reaching distally to three-ijnarters of
hinder margin. Hindwing : silvery smoky white, except a distal marginal border
■which measures about .5 mm. in front, narrowing behind, inchiding posteriorly a
faint line of deeper olive-black.
( 459 )
VmJevnide olivaceous mumuiy-brown. Forewing deeper brown towards base,
with faint traces of wbite submarginal dots, the vestiges of eye-spots ; some
indistinct tawny scaling at apex. ^Hindwing slightly irrorated witii dispersed
white scales ; jnst beyond apex of cell a creamy band widening behind, gradnally
disappearing in front, washed over with tawny and brown in front and behind ;
along this light band, on the distal side, a chocolate band, 2 to 3 mm. broad at
abdominal margin, gradnally narrowing to a thin line which does not qnito reach
costal margin ; a snbmarginal row of eye-spots, each with white central dot ; first
spot represented by a white dot snrronnded by olivaceous scaling ; second and third
with traces of rings round the white dot ; fourth and fifth black, with an ochraceous
ring followed outwardly by an olive one, this surrounded by a less distinct clayish
ring bordered with olive ; sixth spot tawny, not ringed ; this row of spots
accomjianied on distal and on proximal side by a narrow metallic vinacoous buff
band which is more or less broken at the veins ; distal border of wing divided by a
thin brown line into a paler proximal and a darker marginal band.
Length of forewing : c? ? , 18 to 20 mm.
A small series of SS, one ?.
n. Platyphthima simplex spec. nov.
$. Body and upperside of wings as in P. ornata ; white area of the forewing
ratlier more rounded distally, black admarginal line of hindwing, from li'' backwards,
more distinct.
Umlerside. Forewing slightly jjurplish ; no vestiges of eye-spots, but an
undulating faint line instead, bordered by an olive line distally. -Hindwing rather
densely irrorated with scales from base of wing to apex of cell, this area sharply
defined, followed by a band-like olive space which is edged with blackish olive
distally, this blackish line being contiguous with a metallic, somewhat vinaceous,
double band in which are situated the ocelli ; ocelli 2, 3, 4, and 0 small, olivaceous,
with vestiges of rings and distinct white central dot, ocellus 1 vestigial, with the
white dot distinct, ocellus 5 large, black, with ochraceous olive rings ; metallic
band distally bordered by an olive line, upon which follows halfway to edge of wing
another olive line.
Length of forewing : 18 to 20 mm.
Two <?cJ.
T. Platypthima leucomelas.
/Ii/pnrysl,i len,'„mrhi« Rothschild, Xnv. Zonl. x. p. .",00. n. 1 (1911:1) (Aroa River).
We described this species from a male found by AVeiske on the upper part of
the Aroa River. A. S. Meek has obtained five more 6 3, but no ? . The insect
lielongs to the present genus.
8. Platypthima decolor sjiec. nov.
Though this species is rather different from the three others of the genus, we
do not think it necessary to separate it generically from them.
£?. Body olivaceous mummy-brown ; a broad lateral line on palpus and a line
behind eye creamy ; tibiae and tarsi more or less clayish ; femora, breast and
underside of abdomen clothed with olive, clay, and grey hairs : palpus and foreleg
mottled with same clay hair-scales.
( 460 )
Wiiiirs (ihorr, olivaceous mnmm3--brown. Forewing densely hairy in l)a8al
half (if cell, tho hairs directed obliquely backwards ; an indistinct band on disc
paler than the gronnd-colonr, parallel to distal margin, slightly augnlate close to
costal margin ; fringe spotted with white, posterior spots indistinct. Ilindwing :
R' and M' nearer together than in the other species, D' being less than half the
length of D^ and the wing longer posteriorly; vestiges of two ocelli R' — M-; a faint
adraarginal double line posteriorly ; distal margin scalloped, with white fringe-
spots.
Underside. Forewing bistre, apex deeper in tint ; a narrow creamy band on
disc from costal margin beyond M-, elbowed in front ; three small ocelli from R-''
forward, uppermost largest, each consisting of a white central dot encircled by
black, ochreous, deep bistre, and violaceous ecru-drab, some chocolate-red scaling
near uppermost ocellus ; an e'crn-drab reversedly crenate line from SC to M-
followed distally close to margin by a straight ochraceous and tawny line, which
is broken at the veins. Hindwing olive-black, irrorated, with creamy white
and chocolate-red scales ; a creamy white band from near iii)ex of costal margin to
middle of RM^, irregular, sending out in cell on proximal side a short spur forward
and on distal side a spur backward, this latter spur extending along cross-veins,
being hook-shaped, just touching a second cream-coloured band, which is narrow,
extending from base of W to iSM- ; four rather large black ocelli, encircled with
clayish ochraceons and olive, and ])upilled with white, tirst the largest, SC- — R\ the
others between R- and M-, vestiges of ocelli C — SC- and R' — R- also present ; the
ocelli proximally and distally surrounded by violaceous ecru-drab bars or rings,
which are much broken up ; between ocelli and creamy bands tawny and chocolate-
red scaling, some reddish scaling also distally of ocelli, esjiecially at apex ; an
ochraceous admarginal line contiguous on proximal side with a violaceous ecru-drab
line, which is reversedly crenate ; the ecru-drab markings of fore- and hindwing
somewhat metallic, their violet tint changing according to light.
Length of forewing : ^0 mm.
One cJ.
PAPILIONIDAE.
9. Troides chimaera.
?. Troiilrs rJihiwrra Rothschild, Xoi: Zn„l. xi. [i. 311. n. 1. t. 3. f. ia (r.l04) (Owgarra).
The ¥ ? obtained by A. S. Meek on the present expedition agree with tlie
one figured. I.e. ; but the white spots on the forewing vary in size (being often
smaller than in the specimen figured, or larger), and the spot in the cell of the
hindwing is often absent. The yellow belts of the abdomen also vary much in
width.
The S resembles in colour Troide.s f/t/ioiu/.f Deli. (Is40), but is otherwise very
different.
Eye small, with a vestige of a white border behind. Thorax woolly above
and below, with red lateral patch beneath. Abdomen woolly beneath, bases of
segments black except dorsally ; these black bands are either continuous from side
to side on each segment, being narrow on the sternites, or there are separated
dorso-lateral jiatches on the tergites and round dots at the stigmata; claspers
dorsally and eighth tergite mesially fringed with black.
AVings, upperside. Forewing: ueuration as in ?, SC at or beyond angle
of cell, not before that angle as in tithomis, this angle much less obtntc and M"
r 401 )
more proximal thnii in lithonn.^ ; distal margin sliglitlj- poncavp, tlie wing l)eing
wider and more triangular tlian in lithonus; three golden-greeu areas as in tithoinis,
tlie subcostal streak narrower than in tliat species, streak 8C'— SC!* more or less
interrnpted, streak S(J* — HO'' longer than in titlwiuis, and streak S(_/' — K' absent
or vestigial, seldom well marked, in which case it does not exteml to cell ; middle
area on the whole narrower proximally than in titlioiiiis, the cell-streak and streak
M' — (SM') being narrower, the area occasionally continued costad distally, j<iining
the snbcostal area ; fringe with small white siDots. Hindwing shorter and
broader than in lithoituti, veins SC'- and R' nearer together, while M' and M"
are farther apart ; much more extended golden-yellow, the discoidal cell being
all yellow, except the veins, which arc green ; the yellow patches SO-— R- less
produced distad froutally, while cellules R-— M' are filled up each by a large
golden patch, which is only 2 or 3 mm. short of the thin black distal border of
wing ; cellule M' — M- much more extended green than in fitJionus, bearing often
a golden spot at the base; black submarginal spot C— SC^ small, smaller than spot
SC^ — R\ and this a little smaller than (seldom the same in size as) spot R' — R- ;
distally of spots SO' — R- usually a small golden sjiot ; black distal border very
thin, somewhat widening costally.
Underside: the green scaling somewhat golden. Forewing: green cell-patch
as in tithonus, black patch at apex of cell and beyond much smaller than in that
species, the green patches R' — R' reaching close to cell ; the green discal imtches
each prodnced distally into a long point midway between veins ; black spots within
these patches more proximal than in titlionxs, spots R- — M' standing halfway
between cell and distal margin; cellule M- — SM- almost entirely green, a broad
green streak behind >SM-. Hindwing as above, black border thinner, black
submarginal spots slightly larger, the uppermost better defined, cellule M" — SM-
green, with black patch beyond middle ; hairs upon abdominal fold darker in colour
than in tithonus, much less numerous and little over half the length.
Length of forewing : 73 to 85 mm.
A fair series of both sexes was obtained.
111. Papilio weiskei.
(J. Pajnlin wehlm Ribbe, rnxel-tni-Bov^e p. .308 (1900) (Aroa R.).
cJ ? . Pcipilh weixhel, Rothschild, Nnr. Z.ml. x. p. 4H1. n. 1. t. 11. f. 4. cj, 5. ? (10O3) (Aroa R.)-
Among the relatively small series of specimens sent this time by A. S. Meek
of this most lovely species there are several ? ? . These agree in colour closely
with the 63. The ? figured by us from Meck's first collection, tlie only ?
obtained during that expedition, was green instead of purple. We do not think
that the difference in colour is geographical or depends on the altitude, but believe
that we have here to do with another case of individual dichromatism, so very
common among Papilio.
PIERIDAE.
11. Delias dives.
(J. Diisas direx Rothschild, l.r. p. ?AX n. 7. i. 2. f. 11 (1004).
We described this fine species from a single male. i\lr. A. S. Meek has now
sent a good series of both sexes. Tlie ? is similar to the cJ ; the black apical area
( 462 )
of the forewing, abore, is wider, and tlie liiiidwing lias a broad black distal border,
which slightly widens costally. There are often white snbmargiual dots on both
wings, those of the liindwing being slightly jiinkish. The white area is feebly
yellowish. The sexes are alike on tlic underside.
12. Delias microsticha.
(J. DeVaii imcrnstirJi,, Rotb.schild, !.r. p. 315. n. 8. t. '2. f. 18. 10 (IflO.I).
? . The black borders to the upperside of the wings are broader in the ? than
in the c?, the forewing bearing a row of white, or yellowish white, submarginal dots
and the white area being slightly washed with yellow. The underside is variable.
Some ? ? resemble the c?, but there is always a yellowish patch at hinder margin
of forewing beyond middle and a vestige of a band across the disc of hindwing. In
a second form of the ? the cell of the forewing and the whole area behind it are
yellow, nsnally washed with orange ; in a third form there is, besides, a sharply
defined yellowish white discal band on hindwing, the inner edge of the band being
straight and the outer edge curved.
13. Delias callima spec. nov.
cT. Palpns, a line behind eye, and the breast greenish yellow, npperside of
thorax smoky white, abdomen white.
Wings, ?ipp<'rsit/e, white, with a black distal border ; this border extending on
forewing to near ujiper angle of cell, the costal edge being all black; on hindwing
the border widest in middle, tapering in front and behind, contiguous with an ashy
grey band, which is the proximal portion of tlie black border covered with white
scaling.
Underside. Forewing : apical half black, the black colour being more
extended than above, entering cell ; a yellow spot just proximally of fork SC* S half-
moou-shaped, variable in size, often followed by some more yellow dots which are
more distal in position. Hindwing : black, with a greenish yellow spot at base ;
a snbbasal streak behind ( ', reappearing at apex, and a spot in angle S('= — R', usually
with some smaller spots near it, bluish white, very variable in extent, a jiatch of
whitish blue scales before middle of abdominal fold ; between this patch and the
white subcostal spot there is a rufescent vermilion baud ; a second band of the same
colonr on disc, parallel to distal margin, more or less broken up into halfmoons,
spots C — SC- the largest, the baud variable in width, sometimes reduced to a line,
which is occasionally widely interrupted.
?, Very different from <?. Body more extended greenish yellow.
AVings, v.ppcrsidc. Forewing : black, basal area washed with white and
yellowish green; a chrome-yellow band on disc extending from S('' to M", widest
in middle, variable in width, last s])ot rarely absent. Hindwing washed with
greenish yellow from base to ajiex of cell.
Underside. Forewing : somewhat greyish at base ; base of M white, discal
baud chrome-yellow, much wider than above, with an additional spot situated behind
M-. Hindwing : as in S.
Length of forewing : (J, 23 to 28 mm. ; ? , 22 to 2() mm.
A series of both sexes.
( 463 )
Leuciacria gen. uov.
cJ. First segment of palpus longer than second, this longer than third. Club
of antenna short, broad, abrnjit, sensory grooves extending from base to aj)ex of
segments. Apex of forewing somewhat projecting, the distal margin being concave
beneath it and then convex, four subcnstals ; SC and SC" from cell, SC absent,
>SC' and SC'' on a long stalk, S(J' branching otf close to apex of wing, IV from
before middle of SC**, R' well below uj)per angle of cell, D'- being rather more than
one-third the length of D^, the latter obtnsel}' angnlate below middle, M'- at middle
of cell, M' rather closer to apex of cell than to M-. Hiudwing straight proximally
at costal margin, the basal lobe very distinct, SC- branching off at two-third.s from
base to R', D' being nearly twice the length of D", the latter oblit[ue, a little over
one-third of D', this angnlate at one-third, D^ over one-half of distal section of M.
Clasper of t? with sharp apical hook curved inwards.
Type : L. acuta spec. nov.
Nearest to that group of " I'ieris " to which belongs the African P. ijiyea
Boisd. (1836). In shape resembling a little the larger forms of Elodiiia.
14. Leuciacria acuta spec. nov.
<?. Head, pronotum and hairs of palt)us olive-black, meso-metanotum and
proximal tergites of abdomen greyish black, if viewed from behind, greyish white
in frontal view.
"Wings, upperside, chalky white, extreme base of forewing, a streak along costal
edge to near middle, an apical distal border extending down to M', tapering to a
point behind, its proximal edge curved, crossing R' in or near middle, and a small
basal central patch on hindwing black.
I'mlersule glossy. Forewing white, slightly washed with yellow, distal
marginal band vestigial or absent. Hindwing white, distinctly purplish, slightly
washed with yellow, a trace of a iinrjile band from base of M' to SM' ; costal edge
bright yellow at base, this streak gradually vanishing distally, limited by ().
Length of forewing : 'M to ^-1 mm.
A series of (?<?.
ERYGINIDAE.
1.5. Dicallaneura amabilis.
tJ. /). a. Uothschild, Xoc. ZwA. xi. p. 31.S. n. IX. t. 1. f. i\ (,19i)4) (Owg-arra ; wm ? ).
The ? which we described and figured together with ;the cJ does not belong to
this species. Mr. Meek has now sent a series of ? ? which agree in the markings
of the underside with the i of amabilis and are doubtless the true ¥ ? of the
same. No c? c? have come with these ? ? .
On the uppemide, the forewing is brownish clay-colour at base, pale ochrcons
yellow in middle and black in apical two-fifths, the black colour extending along
distal margin to hinder angle, being about 3 mm. wide at W. The hiudwing is
brownish clay, with an ochraccous i)atch at costal margin, and the usual brownish
black submurgiual spots. On the underside the forewing is creamy buff in middle,
a line running from inner edge of chocolate distal area into the creamy area, the
line terminating at M''.
' 464 )
If). Dicallaneura leucomelas spec. nov.
$. Dicallaneura amahilis Rothschild, I.e. t. 2. f. 22 (1004) (Owgarra ; imii (J).
The present collection of A. S. Meek jirovcs that we were wrong in iissociatiug
this insect, which has a white and olive-black njiperside, with the preceJiug one.
The two 6 c? and four ? ? contained in the present collection leave no donbt aliont
its lieiug a distinct species. The sexes are practically identical. The wings of
the ? are rather broader than in the c?, t,he tail is wider, the white area of the
forewing and the costal patch of the hindwing are a little larger, and the ground-
colour of the underside is slightly paler. For further details see descriptions and
figui'e of ? , I.e.
Type: S.
LYCAENIDAE.
17. Hypoclirysops meeki spec. nuv.
S. Palpus grey, black at apex and above, with chestnut scales on side. Frons
and occiput black, the former with two cinuamon-rufous vittae and along eye a
grey line, a belt behind eyes cinnamon-rufous ; thorax above blackish olive-green,
slightly blnish ; abdomen black, with violet reflections ; underside of thorax and
abdomen clayish grey, sides of breast somewhat ferruginous. Foretibia with thorn
at apex.
Wings, al/ori; black. Forewiiig bright metallic blue from base to disc, this
area extending anteriorly to middle of cell and being at (SM') about 2 mm. short
of distal margin. Hindwing also with a brilliant blue basi-discal area, which
is shot with purple in front and beliind as well as distally between the veins, the
area being expanded between SO and SM-, reaching rather close to distal edge ;
fringe of both wings more or less dirty grey, excejit at tips of veins.
Underside of hindwing and costal and apical areas of forewing cinnamon-
rufous.- Forewing smoky grey at hinder margin and ochraceous from (SJ\I')
forward to lower angle of cell ; two lines along S(J and another in middle of cell
greenish or blnisli silvery, the mesial cell-line curved backwards at apex ; a row
of five submarginal dots of the same metallic colour standing at the distal side
of minute black dots ; between this row and the cell tlie following metallic spots :
four minute dots SC — SC^', three rather larger dots SC^' — 11', a bar It' — 11^ near
cell and another bar near submarginal dot, a bar K' — M' proximally of outer bar
li'— R'; basal area blackish from cell backwards. Hindwing with numerous
metallii^ bars liordering cinnamon-rul'ous spots of a deeper tint than the ground-
colour, the bars greenish silvery as on forewing : four bars C — SC-, with a clayish
bar between the first and second and again between the third and fourth, two
bars SC" — R', with a clayish bar between them : eight bars in cell and between
R' and R^, the first double, a clayish bar proximally of last ; two bars R' — M',
with a clayish one in between ; three bars M' — M-, with a clayish one at base
and another between second and third ; eight bars M- — SM-, the most distal but
one jiartly clayish, all continuous with the bars in front of them ; six bars SM- — SM',
jjartly edged with black; the submarginal bars form an intci'rniited line, while the
other bars stand jiartly on tiie interspaces of the bars which are situated before
and behind them ; an oblique metallic line at base before C
? . Not known.
Length of forewing : 14 to lU mm.
A series of cJcJ.
( 465 )
18. Deudorix grandis spec. uov.
(J. Froiis aud palpus yellowish grccu, occiput auil sides of stei'ua bice-greeu ;
thorax above and abdomen olive, greenish in front, sterua and abdomen beneath
with orange middle stripe.
Wings, ujijicrside. Forewing black ; fringe greenish ; a bright metallic blue
])atch from near base to apex of cell, extending from middle of cell to hinder
margin, remaining about 5 mm. short of outer margin at SM-. Hiudwing
greenish black, fringe paler, abdominal edge bice-green, longest scales of fringe
and tip of tail white ; some blue scales on cross-veins, occasioually absent.
Uii(hi-side bice-green, slightly washed with ochraceous, especially in sub-
marginal area of hindwing. Forewing : a bar on cross-veins and a band on
disc olive-green, bordered with grey, the band gradually narrowing behind, straight,
feebly undulating; a marginal band deeper bice-green than rest of wing, limited
proximally by a rather indistinct grey line and separated from fringe posteriorly
by a jiale green line ; posterior area of wing greyish bice-green. Hindwing : a
bar on cross-veins and a discal band of the same colour as the markings on
forewing, the baud straight from costal margin to M-, then curving to middle of
abdominal margin, some black scales beneath the green ones in the band, the
posterior portion of the band distinctly blackish ; between discal band and distal
margin a shadowy green band separated by a greyish line from a snbmargiual band
of an ochraceous green colour; this snbmargiual band separated from fringe by
a greenish creamy line ; two black submarginal dots M' — tSM-. partly covered by
bluish white scales; anal lobe black, some bluish white scales at its apex and a
spot of greenish white ones posteriorly at its base.
?. Body as in <?, head and palpus purer bice-green, orange stripe broader on
underside of abdomen, narrow and greenish yellow on breast.
"Wings, upperside. Forewing greenish black ; fringe jmle green ; a white
patch extending from hinder margin forward to li", not entering cell, neither
reaching base nor hinder angle. Hindwing white for the greater part ; base
greenish black ; abdominal margin bice-green ; a submarginal baud greenish black,
widest in front, measuring about 4 mm. at SC'-, separated from edge of wing by a
white line from 80^ to anal lobe.
Underside mnch purer bice-green than in S , paler proximally than distally.
Forewing : the white area extending farther costad than above, the green discal
band bordered white ; a white submarginal line. -Hindwing: markings as in S,
but green discal band thinner, and accompanied on each side by a white baud,
both white bands stopping at M-, the proximal one much narrower than the distal
one and not quite reaching costal margin.
Length of forewing : cJ, 25 to 28 mm. ; ?, 21 to 30 mm.
A small series of both sexes.
19. Stilbon meeki spec. nov.
c?. Body olive-black, with a broad clayish grey mesial stripe on nudcrside ;
iVons edged with grey.
Wings, upperside. Forewing velvety black, a distal marginal Ijaud from
U' backwards cyaneous when the eye is between specimen and light. Hindwing
black down to lower angle of cell, basal third of abdominal area olivaceous ; rest
of wiug inclusive of tail orpiment-orange ; anal lobe with black spot bearing some
bluish scales.
( 466 )
t'liderside olive, slight!}' purplish. Forcwing with ten grey lines : first
snUiasal, from costal edge to M, second and third from M to SM-, hroken on M,
approximate at SM-, interspaces between these lines olivaceous black ; fourth and
fifth lines from costal edge, where they are widened, to M-, with olivaceons black
interspace ; sixth line thin, contiguous witli fifth at costal margin, extending to
(81M'), here meeting the seventh line, interspace an olivaceous lilack band which
gradually narrows behind; eighth line thin, intcrsjiace greyisli ; ninth jiaralli'l to
outer margin; tenth thin, situated at edge of wing. Hindwiug witii similar grey
lines and blackish bands as on forewing ; four obliqne lines from C to M and R^,
followed distally by two more lines, a grey ring at cross-veins ; anal area paler
than aliove, much less sharply defined, produced to base in the direction of M-, this
projection band-like, i)ale salmon-buff; two orange spots within anal area, not
very distinct, being remnants of a discal band ; black spot on anal lobe bearing a
metallic blue spot proximally and distally; two black snbmarginal spots M'— SM^
licaring each a blue bar ; snbmarginal spots R- — M' vestigial.
Length of forewing : 20 mm.
One cJ.
SATURNIIDAE.
Eurhodia gen. uov.
?. Antenna bipectinate to apex, distal branches of middle segments a little
over half the length of proximal branches. Fourth foretarsal segment with
slender spine at each side on ventral side. Stem R'- of forewing nearly as long
as branch R- ; R^ and M' separating halfway between base of wing and tip of
R', R^ much longer than R', the point of separation of R^ and M' lying a good
distance proximally of trans])arcnt spot, as is the case also on hindwing ; discoidal
cell completely oi)en on both wings ; oblique cross-vein D' of hindwiug longer than
the cell is broad.
Close to Rhodia, but distinguished by the details mentioned.
Type : E. fiijra spec. uov.
20. Eurhodia gyra spec. nov.
? . Body ferrnginous, antenna and tarsi black.
AVings, uppcrsidc, cinnamon-rufous, ferrnginous at base, streaked with pale
orange on the veins. Forewing : an olive-black band across cell, distally of
M'^ curved ; another l)lack curved band proximally of M" between cell and hinder
margin ; a transparent spot at two-thirds, quite circular, proximally bordered
by an indistinct vinaceous-red halfmoon, and distally by a blackish halfriiig ;
an olive-black band just outside transparent spot from five-sixths of costa to
three-fourths of hinder margin, faintly curved costad in front ; between this
band and distal margin a reversedly crenate greyish white band imperfectly
sejiarated by olive-black scales into two lines, the band ending in a white
aiiical spot. Hindwing : an evenly curved olive-black line before niicUUe from
C to abdominal margin, bordered i)roximally by a pale orange baud ; a small
transparent sjiot at two-thirds, bordered proximally by vinaceous-red and olivaceons
halfrings and distally by an olive-black halfring bearing some vinaceon8-red
scales; an olive-black nndnlating line distally of eye-spot but separate from it,
( 4G7 )
parallel to outer margin, followed disUilly by a similar greyish white liue ending
iu a white ajiieai patch ; the olive-blaclc bands and lines rather obscure on both
wings.
L'lulcrsidc similar to upper, the olive-black markings replaced by viuaceous
cinnamon-rufous ones ; hindwing with subbasal orange-yellow band from C! to
hinder margin, forming a halfring, which is oiwn proximally, bordered distally
by an obscure vinaceous cinnamon-rufous baud ; uo further bands between these
and the eye-spot.
Length of forewing : 30 mm.
One ?.
GEOMETRIDAE.
21. Milionia pericallis spec. nov.
c??. Body velvety black; head, pronotum, and legs metallic blue, strongly
glossy, sides of abdomen also glossy at base, rest of body with blue reflections;
abdomen with orange patch of variable size ou underside iu distal half.
^Vings, upperside, velvety black, with blue reflections. Forewing : rather
more elongate in S than in ? ; a broad greenish blue metallic band from costal
to hinder margin, variable in width, extended basad at costal margin in J, its
distal edge crossing cell usually at point of origin of M' ; a submarginal band of
elongate blue spots from costal margin to M^ narrowing behind. Hindwing
strongly notched in c? before anal angle, the notch vestigial in ? ; a broad
metallic-blue patch from base beyond ape.K of cell, triangular, widening distally,
a little longer in ? than iu S ; vestiges of blue submarginal spots, often absent ;
proximally of anal angle a rounded spot of deep crimson, very variable in size,
often absent.
L'ndersidc black, with blue reflections iu ¥ ; scales raised iu S in distal half
of wing, intermingled with hair-like scales, between veins large opaque patches,
rather indistinct, opaque appearance due to 2'reseuce of grey scales. -Forewing :
metallic blue from base to disc, the blue area extended to near distal margin at M-,
limited behind at (SM'), reaching at costal margin a little beyond apex of coll,
usually more extended in ? than in S. Hindwing: metallic blue from base to
near apex of cell in 6, the area deeply excised behind cell, in ? the blue colour
extending beyond cell, the area being uniformly blue iu and before cell, but more
black with blue reflections behind cell; a black spot on cross-veins in ? ; red spot
as above, rather paler and larger.
Length of forewing : c? ? , 22 to 26 mm.
A series.
22. Miliouia callima spec. uov.
cJ ? . Sexes dissimilar. Body and legs black, with a very strong metallic
greenish blue gloss.
Wings blue-black above, the 6 more blue than the ¥ ; forewing in S with
a metallic greenish blnii basal area from SO to hinder margin, tlie area
triangular, widest behind, reaching to two-thirds of hinder margin ; in ¥ a
slightly curved baud of the same colour from costal to hinder margin, reaching
the latter just before angle, incladiug the discocellulars, a tew blue scales at base
of wing. Hindwing : similar iu shape in the sexes, with the distal margin
31
( 468 )
ronnded : nniform in colour iu cJ, nither less blue proximally tliuii disttilly; in ?
a few metallic greenish bine scales on disc indicating a discal band.
riiderxidr velvety black in S , somewhat blnish ; a metallic greenish bine
band obliquely across (brewing from costal margin to ajjex of SM-, occnpying apical
half of cell, widest between M' and M'-', its last partition triangular ; a metallic
line from band along SO to near base ; in ? the band more distal anteriorly,
inclnding the cross-veins, therefore less oblique than in S and its outer edge not
incurved before R''. Hindwing with a metallic greenish blue costal streak at
base, in c? a large rounded patch of modified scales at apex, the scales being
hairlike and directed backwards.
Hindtibia of S broad, sjinrs very short.
Length of forewing : J ? , 2:2 mm.
Three c?(?,oue ?.
~3. Milionia aglaia spec, no v.
S ? . 8exes similar. Body and legs metallic greenish bine, very glossy.
Wings blue-black above, more bine in c? than in ?. Forewing with an
oblique band from costa to hinder margin, slightly angulate behind M-, starting
at costa proximally of cross-veins in 6, but including cross-veins in ?, and ending
at hinder margin about 3 mm. from angle; the band usually all red, but
sometimes yellow except posteriorly ; a broad red streak between base and baud
along hinder margin, often extended to the band, merging together with it.
Hindwing with red band on disc well outside cell, variable in length and width,
either irregularly denticulate or even.
Underside black, with glossy metallic greenish blue basal streaks, one on
fore- and two on hindwing ; bands as above, 3ellow, more or less washed with
red ; no red or yellow streak along hinder margin of forewing.
Length of forewing : <? ¥ , 25 to 27 mm.
A series of c? cJ, two ? ? .
24. Craspedosis cyanea spec nov.
(S . Body and legs black, with blue rellections.
Wings, Ufperside, bine-black. Forewing with broad metallic blue band
extending from fovea to point of origin of M'. Hindwing deej) blue in side-light,
somewhat glossy from base to disc.
I'iidt'rs/dr bluish black, both wings glossy blue from base to disc.
Length of forewing : l.s to 21 mm.
Two c?c?.
25. Craspedosis desmiata spec. nov.
(? ? . Body olivaceons blaidv, with blue reflections on upperside.
Wings, upperxidf, mummy-brown, somewhat metallic, with faint purplish
reflections in <?, apical area of forewing slightly more black ; a broad cadmium-
orange band across forewing from middle of costal margin to hinder angle, the
fj'inge remaining black, the biind of nearly even width, feebly narrowing behind.
Underside olive-black, witii [lurpiisli reflections, band on forewing as above,
rather paler.
Length of forewing : cJ ?, 10 to 20 mm.
A small series.
( 4fi9 )
ARCTIIDAE.
Eriomastyx gen. nov.
c??. First antennal segment very long, as iu Chamaita Walk. (18G2). C of
forewing connected with costa by several veinlets, as in ScMstopldeps Hamps.
(1891) ; four subcostals, SC anastomosed with C, SC^ on a stalk with SC in (?,
free from cell in ? , SC absent, SC and SC' on a stalk, R' from this stalk in ? ,
free from cell in (?, cross-veins D- and U^ of e^nal length and forming an obtuse
angle directed distad in cJ, R> from this angle, in ? D- and D^ (or the vein
homologous to the two combined) also angulate together, but the angle directed
basad, M- from middle of cell in ?, from before middle in (?, M', M', R^ and li-
nearly equidistant from one another, D' and D' in the direction of M, appearing as
prolongation of that vein, as in Papilionidae. SC- and R' of hiudwiug on a long
stalk in ? , on a very short stalk in <?, the wing small in tj, with broad scent-fold
between costal edge and cell, the latter being narrower and C and SC- incurved.
In S foretibia reduced ; foretarsus thin, long, filiform ; midfemur densely clothed
on outer side with long thin hairs bearing each at end an ovoid vesicle, these
clubbed hairs resembling the stalked eggs of Hemerobius.
Type : E. laiiis spec. nov.
The genus differs from Sckistop/'leps iu the long first antennal segment, besides
neuration ; from ('auloccra in the long antennal segment and the presence of costal
veinlets ; from Chamaita in neuration.
26. Eriomastyx latus spec. nov.
cJ. Head and thora.K yellowish buff, antenna, legs, and abdomen creamy,
incrassate apices of midfemoral hairs pale tawny.
Wings transjiarent ; uppersidc. Forewing broad, only half as long again
as broad, costal margin strongly curved, yellowish buff, the colour most distinct
at base and hinder margin ; a subbasal line, widening ])ehind cell into a large patch,
another line from costal margin across apex of cell to middle of hinder margin,
and a deeply creuate line on disc purplish, indistinct ; a dot in middle of cell and
another on discocellular black. Hiudwiug paler than forewing.
Underside without markings.
?. Paler than cJ, abdomen almost white; purplish lines of forewing just
vestigial.
Length of forewing : c? ? , Hi mm.
One i, four ? ? .
2T. Asura I'hodina spec. nov.
S. Body flame-scarlet; abdomen and mid- and hindlegs bnlf; antenna
bipectinate.
Wings, upperside. Forewing flame-scarlet, a subbasal band, costal margin,
distal veins and fringe yellow, a large olive jiatch occupying more than central
half of wing, bisinuate costally, trisinuatc distally and nnisinnate behind. •
Hindwing pale rose-pink, with yellowish or bullish grey tinge ; C close to apex of
cell, R^ and R^ on a very short stalk, M' before apex of cell.
Underside rose-pink, forewing washed with scarlet.
?. Much larger than S and much jialer; antenna simple, with bristles ; C of
( -170 )
liiiulwiiiLT moro jnoximal tbau in S, 1{- and ll'" on a long stalk, N' from anj,'le
of cell ; anal tuft blackish olive ; olive area of forcwing extending- to costa, the
two costal siunses deep, especially the proximal one, which reaches be3'oud M'.
Length of forewiug : (J, 7 to 8 mm. ; ? , 11 mm.
A series of cJc?, two ? ? .
28. Caprimima metallica spec. uov.
? . Body bluc-lilack, head and thorax strongly glossy, abdomen less glossy ;
forecoxa, foretibia, first foretarsal segment except base, apex of midfemm'and midtibia
aud of first tarsal segment, greater portion of hindfemnr and hindtibia, an apical
sjiot ou first hiudtarsal segment, apex of mi(l- and hindcoxac, a spot at base of
mesothoracical tegula and the antevaginal tuft white.
Wings, uppersich. Forewing glossy blue ; a purplish orange spot at
apex. Hindwing white, with a broad blue-black border at distal and abdominal
margins, half as wide again at apex as at anal angle, but remaining here as wide
as at abdominal margin.
I'ndcrsidc blue-black, slightly glossy. Forewing broadly blnish wiiite at
base, this area continued in cell to lower angle; orange spot at apex slightly
larger than above. Hindwing as above, the blno-black border a little narrower,
especially before anal angle.
Length of forewiug : 10 mm.
Two ? ? .
29. Caprimima aenea spec. nov.
¥. Head and upperside of thorax blackish green, metallic, abdomen blue-black,
feebly glossy ; legs a little more extended white than in metallica ; antevaginal
tuft white.
Wings, uppjerslde. Forewing like thorax ; three white spots, first trans-
verse, a little nearer base than M-, reaching neither costal nor hinder margin,
second rounded, at npper angle of cell, third subapical, small, subdivided by R',
an orange-purple spot between second and third white spots. -Hindwing bluish
black, a large white patch from costal margin to SM'-, oblique, black distal area
more than twice as wide at costal margin as at SM', but here surpassing in width
the abdominal area.
Undi'isidf blue-black, not metallic, white markings somewhat larger than
above, especially the subbasal sjiot of forewing.
Length of forewing : lo mm.
Four ? ?.
30. Neoscaptia albata spec. nov.
S . Body black, head and upperside of thorax metallic blue, abdomen slightly
blue; palpus and legs luteous, the scaling of the latter partly blue, especially on
foreleg; apex of hindfemnr, basal half of hindtibia, and the greater jiart of the first
segment of the tarsi, as well as a large patch laterally on mesostc^rnuui, white ;
claspers creamy.
Wings, )ipperside : venation distorted on account of a scent-organ: coslal
margin of forewing turned u]i, fringed with long scales lying bai'kwards, cell
strongly reduced in width, a large subbasal fovea on fore- aud hindwing, convex
( 471 )
above on fore-, below on liindwiufr. Forewing: base bine, a broad subbasal
band white, contignons with a broad purplish bine band whicii is constricted in
middle; disc purplish orange; apex and distal and costal edges black, metallic
jmrple, strough' glossy in side-light ; a white subapical dot. Hindwing white,
bordered with olive-black at distal and abdominal margins, the border widest at
apex, ver)- tbin at anal angle.
Underside as above, no bine metallic gloss ; the blue bands of forewing partly
replaced by olive-black ones; fovea of forewing glossy white-grey, that of hindwing
olive-black.
? . Like (? ; anal tuft smoky grey above, white beneath ; white baud of fore-
wing broader than in S , with a thin blue distal border, black distal and costal
borders thin, hardly wider at apex than at hinder angle.
Length of forewing : c? ? , 9 to h) mm.
Two J J, three ? ?.
31. Neoscaptia aequalis spec. nov.
S. Similar to X. alhatu ; head and upperside of thorax dark metallic green-blue.
Wiugs, uboce. Forewing like head and thorax ; costal fold as in N. albata,
also the fovea on fore- and hindwing ; a small white spot behind costal fold well
before middle, with some white scales in front of it at edge ; an ill-defined discal
band from costal margin to hinder angle, purple-orange, much shaded with metallic
green-blue scales, especially in middle. Hindwing purple-black, with a large
white basi-discal area, subtriangular, smaller than in X. albata.
Vndei-side purplish olive-black. Forewing : a small white streak at base ;
snbapical white dot as above, proximally of this dot a conical longitudinal orange-
tawny spot. Hindwing as above, costal edge white in front of fovea,
?. Like S. Forewing with white subbasal spot above, very variable in siije,
and a large white basal patch below ; tawny-orange spot rounded above, about three
times the size of the white one, vestigial below; white area of hindwing rather
larger than in J.
Length of forewing : <? ? , 9 mm.
32. Neoscaptia leucodera spec. nov.
S. Head and upperside of thorax metallic green-blue, rest of body olive-black,
slightly purplish ; collar with two white spots ; a lateral patch on breast, and basal
half of the first segment of the tarsi white ; claspers creamy.
Wings, upperside. Forewing : costal fold as in iV. albata, but smaller, no
fovea on fore- or hindwing ; metallic green-bine like thorax ; a subbasal band from
costal fold straight to hinder margin preceded by a dot on costal fold, and a round
snbapical spot, white ; proximally of snbapical spot a purplish orange patch,
obliquely ovate, from SC to M-. Hindwing olive-black, with a bluish sheen ;
a large white triangular area from costal margin to SM-, the black distal border
being IJ, mm. broad at SM'.
Underside olive-black, slightly purplish. Forewing : a white streak from
base to apex of cell; orange spot smaller and white snbapical sjiot larger than
above. — —Hindwing : white area larger than above.
¥. Like S ; apex of hindfemur and basal half of hindtibia white, in addition
to the first tarsal segment, the collar, a lateral patch on mesosternum and the
( ^"2 )
anteva.G;inal tnft ; white spots on wiiiijs somewhat variable, subliasal one of
forewing rather smaller than in c?, pnrple-orangc spot also smaller.
Length of forewing : J ? , 9 mm.
One ^, two ? ?.
Resembling in colour ;\'. (tequalis, but easily distinguished by the white collar,
and. in S , by the different scent-organ.
33. Neoscaptia poecila spec. nov.
? . Head and npperside of thorax metallic purplish blue, rest of body and legs
olive-black, with slight purple reflection ; collar with two contiguous white spots as
in X leucodcm ; legs without white, antemarginal tuft whitish grey.
Wings, uppcrside. Forewing narrow, R= and M' stalked together ; metallic
purplish blue from base to middle, this area sinuate distally, followed by a large
tawny-orange discal patch, which does not (juite reach costal or hinder margin,
bordered with metallic purplish blue ; this border dentate ; distal margin, costal
edge, and fringes black ; a central subbasal spot white. Hindwing more
triangular than in the other species, the apex being less rounded ; olive-black,
slightly purplish ; a large white basal ])atcli from costal margin to SM-, its outer
edge crossing M at base of M- ; black abdominal border narrow from middle
to base.
Umki-siih olive-black, pur})lish ; forewing with a white subbasal patch
shaded with olive ; an orange-tawny subapical longitudinal patch ; white area of
hindwing as above.
Leng'th of forewing : 9 mm.
One ¥.
AGARISTIDAE.
34. Burgena constricta spec. nov.
?. Similar to B. vniia Wlk. (ISo-t); thorax, abdomen, and wings different in
pattirn. Anterior half of collar orange, posterior black. Mesonotum black in
centre, orange behind ; tegula orange, with ah oblique black line joining anteriorly
at side the black belt of pronotum. Abdominal tergites 1 to 0 black at base,
orange at apex, 7 black, with the anal tuft orange ; abdominal sternite.s 1 to (1
orange, 7 black, with a few orange scales, a few black scales in centre of 5, anal
tuft all orange.
Wings, upperside. Forewing shorter and broader than in />'. varia, St'-'
more distal ; a basal streak before cell and a subbasal spot in cell yellowish wliite :
postmedian crll-spot longer transversely than in mria, orangc-yeliow basal streak
situated along SM= broader than in varia, parallel to hinder margin, not to costal
margin. Hindwing : yellow area paler orange than in mria, deeply constricted
in middle, the cell being entirely black.
Undn-xide. Markings of forewing yellowish white. Hindwing: a basal
costal jiatch sulphnr-yellow, separated into streaks by the blackish veins ; yellow
area constricted as above, but the posterior patch enlarged basad, tilling up the area
between cell and abdominal edge, some scattered scales near base and^jiart of SM"
remaining black.
Length of forewing : 22 to 24 mm.
Two ? ? .
(473 )
35. Argyrolepidia palaea spec. nov.
S ?. Head olive-black above ; a Hue behind e3'e and ill-defined spots on frons
white. Palpus olivaceous black, first segment and a dorsal line on second 5'ellovv,
second segment irrorated with white scales. Thorax above purplish olive-black,
collar not edged with white, but marked with some orange at side; breast and
femora orange, tibiae and tarsal segments tipped with white, a small white sjiot in
middle of tibiae. Abdomen olivaceons black, with bluish reflections, the segments
edged with bluish white ; claspers of c? with jjale yellow hair-scales ; last sternite
(7th) of ? nnicdliirous, olivaceous, black.
Wings, itppersule, Forewing brown, strongly purplish, a spot be3'0nd
middle of cell and a band on disc whitish, vestigial ; a few scales at base and some
beyond the vestigial discal band violet-blue ; fringe black. Hiiidwing black,
with moderately strong blue gloss, a large central ))atch light blue, metallic, oblique,
produced basad in front ; a white marginal spot behind JP.
Underside purplish black. — —Forewing : a dot in cell and a baud on disc
bluish white, with some blue scales at the edges, the band extending from C to
M-, slightly narrowing costad, not interrupted, feebly curved ; a patch at base
situated in and before cell pale blue. Hindwing : a pale blue patch at base about
twice as wide between lower angle of cell and abdominal margin as between lower
angle of cell and costal margin, the posterior portion extending about 3 mm. beyond
angle of cell; outside this area a widely interrupted blue band (c?) or two blue
spots ; a white marginal spot as above, but larger ; no white spot in centre of wing.
Length of forewing : c? ? , 18 to 22 mm.
One c?, 2 ? ? ; ti/pc : ? .
30. Argyrolepidia lunaris spec. nov.
(??. Similar to A. palaea. Frons more extended white; breast and femora
paler yellow : tibiae and first tarsal segment densely irrorated with white ; last
abdominal sternite of ? fringed with yellow.
Wings, upperside. Forewing : metallic blue markings more numerous, white
cell-spot and discal band more distinct, the band narrow in front, wider behind,
interrupted at tlie veins, ending at costal edge in a blue dot ; a white marginal spot
just below a[)ex. Hindwing glossy blue, appearing black in certain positions,
white patch outside cross-veins, obliquely halfmoon-shaped, encircled with metallic
blue, this blue scaling extending to base of wing and present also along SM- ; a
white marginal spot below apex, and usually several other white marginal spots
farther back.
Underside bluish or purjilish black. Forewing : cell-spot rectangular; discal
band not broken up, but angulate at R^ ; a metallic pale blue basal patch.
Hindwing: a metallic pale blue basal area as in meeki; a white central spot as
above, separated from the blue area liy a black interspace, except behind, where the
blue scaling which encircles the white spot is continuous with the blue area ;
fringe-spots as above, the additional dots more distinct ; a minute blus dot on
disc behind SC^
Length of forewing : <? ? , 21 to 22 mm.
Three cJcJ, one ?.
(474 )
NOCTUIDAE.
Eucocytia gen. nov.
(? ?. Palpns hardly reaching frons in cJ, a littlu longer in ? than in <J, slightly
jiorroct, third segment minnte, second shorter than first. Eye hairy. Antenna
clnlilicd, a little compressed, the same in both sexes, clnli a little wider in c? than
in ? , slightly thinning at apex, which is obtuse ; scaly area of antenna restricted to
a narrow stripe, scaling smooth , non-scaled surface denscl}' covered with minnte
hairs, some verj" short sensor}' liristles at apex of each segment. Hindtiliia some-
what incrassate ; tibial spurs short, being about as long as the tibia is broad,
external spur a little longer than inner ; two pairs to hindtibia.
Ncuration : forewing with areole, SC free, SC- and 8C''' from areolo, S(_'^ and
SC stalked together, R' from upper angle of cell, 11- and 11^ close together, from
lower angle, M' a little before angle ; hindwing, cell about two-thirds the length of
wing, SC^ and R' from upper angle, R', M' and M- from lower angle, close together,
but separate, M- from three-iifths of cell.
Type : £. meeki spec. nov.
37. Eiicocytia meeki spec. nov.
(??. Head and underside of thorax woolly, black, the wool on motanotum,
abdomen, and legs also black, smooth scaling of abdomen and legs metallic glossy
blue, purplish ; pro- and mesonotum, except base of femur, carmine ; claspers of cj
also carmine.
Wings, tipperside. Forewing : distal margin convex before middle, costal
margin convex at base, then slightly concave to near apex ; black-lilue, a broad
metallic blue band at base, a broad metallic golden green band from costa to near
hinder margin, narrowing behind, pmduced distad upon the veins, its inner edge
slightly curved, crossing M between M' and M-, or at base ofM'. Hindwing
somewhat shorter in c? than in ? , rounded at apex ; slightly emarginate before anal
angle, Idaclc-blue, metallic greenish blue distally.
Uiidersidi' metallic greenish lilue, purple at hinder margin of forewing, a broad
central stripe on both wings of S black from near base to near distal margin, the
scales being snberect and directed forward.
Length of forewing : t?, 2.") mm. ; 5,30 mm.
One pair. The ? was obtained during the first expedition to Owgarra.
38. Buzara calodesma spec. uov.
c? ? . Sexes similar; body and legs lilack, rather sliglitly metallic blue,
somewhat woolly, robust. -Wings, aborc, black, slightly bluish on hairy basal
abdominal area of hindwing. Forewing with a baud extending from base along
costal margin to near apex of cell, and then turning backwards in an even curve
ending at hinder margin close to angle, costal portion of band red, rest yellow,
the band on the whole very little wider in ? than in <S ; tip of wing yellow.
Hindwing not abbreviated in S , in both sexes with yellow fringe from middle of
costal margin close to anal angle, apex and distal margin evenly rouudcd ; R- very
close to R'.
On underside the yellow portion of the band of the forewing wider than above.
Length : c??, 27 to 31 mm.
A long series.
(475 )
PYRALIDAE.
Vitessidia gen. nov.
c?. Palpns vciy long, curved over the head ; second segment the longest,
reaehing to apex of collar, vridened apically, heing densely clothed on dorsal side
{i.e. nnderside) by somewhat prolonged erect scales, the distal jiortion of the
segment resemliling a clothes-hrnsh ; third segment thin, smooth, widening ajiicad,
oliliqnely truncate, about one-third the length of the second. Ej'e sparsely hairy.
Antenna long, three-fonrths of forewing, ciliated. Tibiae without tufts, almost
smoothly scaled. First segment of tarsi very long, almost twice the length of the
others together in foretarsus.
Neuration peculiar : forewing, cross-vein before middle of wing, very deeply
incurved, SC and SC^ stalked together, from cell close to angle, SC^ branching
off at one-third to apex of wing, anastomosing at once with C, SC^ stalked with
SC^ and S(J', the latter being the most distal liranch, R' from the same stalk at
one-fourth from cell, R- and B^ on a long stalk, the pale cross-vein standing close
behind M' ; hindwing, R' connected at one-third from cell by a short bar with
stalk of C.SC^, the bar representing the proximal portion of the branch SC-, this
vein being broadly anastomosed with C; cross-vein angnlate, upper one-third
situated ajiproximately of middle of wing, oblique lower portion terminating in
middle of wing a little beyond W-, R- and R'' on a long stalk.
Type : V. dicrphana spec. nov.
39. Vitessidia diapliana spec. nov.
$. Black, bluish; frons white; underside (= dorsal) of second segment of
palpus grey, some scales on frontal side also grey ; jironotum. except a blnc-black
middle belt, segments 0, 7 and 8 of abdomen, breast, coxae and underside of femora
yellow-chrome.
Wings, upprrside, black, slightly bluish ; a large space on forewing from near
base to fork R-.l{\ expanding between V> and 8M-, a narrow subapical band from
SC'-'' to M', and on hindwing a very large area from near base beyond fork R-.R^,
rounded distally, sinuous, limited by (! and SRP, transparent but scaled, opalescent
in side-view, the veins remaining thinly black ; a minute streak of milky white
scales at base of forewing before i'.
Underside as aliovc, transparent area of hindwing edged witli white proximally
near base.
Length of forewing : 2.") mm.
One c?.
CHALCOSIIDAE.*
4ii. Heteropan alberti spec nov.
S. Head and thorax above purplish olive, not glossy; antenna metallic purple
aliove; upperside of abdomen metallic blue, strongly glossy; palpus and forecoxa
creamy white, breast, underside of abdomen and legs metallic creamy white, slightly
purplish, glossy ; tiliiae and tarsi somewhat clayish.
V.'ings, upperside. Forewing greenish black, olivaceous, slightly purplish
* Piilurvs ericijrlr.1 Swiuhoe, Ann. Mag. N. II. (7). xvi. p. 146. n. 11 (I'.ion) (WooiUark) is the insect
which wc (Icsciibcfl .is Ucrpa mriH. the J in .Yor. Zmd. iii. p. 325 (1S'.17), the ^ Ibid. vi. p. 439
(1899). Buth sc.ies .ire figured ihlil. viii. t. 11. 6g. B. G. (I'JOl).
( 470 )
in middle, not glossy ; a snlimarginal band of metallic, green spots, extending a
short distance basad behind costal margin, stopping posteriori)- at M' ; SC stalked
with SC^" but situated close to cell, W from cell. Iliudwinu' metallic pale blue,
strongly glossy, purple in certain liglits ; fringe creamy white in upj>er two-tiftbs ;
E- and li^ stalked together, M- from middle of cell.
Underside metallic white from base bej-ond coil, distal margin metallic pale
blue, purplisli, this colour extending along costal margin to one-half; hinder
margin of forewiug olivaceous, pnri)lisli.
Length of forcwing : 8i mm.
One c?.
Herpolasia gen. nov.
S ? . Frons conical, strongly projecting, rounded. Tliorax and base of hindwing
woolly.
Nenration : Forewing, SC anastomosed or connected with V., SC- free, SO'
and SC* on a long stalk, SC"' from this stalk near cell, R' close to upper angle of
cell, veins R- to M- from cell. Hindwing, veins SC- to M- from celh
Type : 11. aiigarra s])ec. nov.
D>
41. Herpolasia augarra spec. nov.
cJ. Body black, purplish ; npperside of abdomen metallic bluish green, legs
partly greenish blue, a thin occipital belt and the anal tuft orange ; underside of
abdomen spotted with white ; branches of antenna very long.
"Wings, )ippcrsi(h. Forewing black, not glossy, washed with green, and at
costal and distal margins and round apex of cell with purple ; a double dot near
base, a halfmoon before middle of cell and a subapical dot creamy white, small. ■
Hindwing olive-black, metallic blue from base to three-quarters, a spot on cross-
veins and a large patch beliind cell white.
Underside olive-black. Forewing with dispersed metallic blue scaling from
base to apex of cell, a spot before middle of cell, a larger one on cross-veins and
an apical dot creamy white. Hindwing : a broad streak from base to middle of
cell, with some scattered scales fartlier distad, and abdominal margin from SM-
backwards, metallic blue; white spots as above, a little larger, the white post-
ceUular jjatch slightly bordered with blue distally.
?. Body as in <?, but head and a large sjwt on mesothoracic tegnla white,
abdomen without white spots beneath, glossy blue above ; branches of antennnl
segments about half as long as in i.
Wings, uppersidc. Forewing uniformly green-black, with four creamy white
spots from base to apex, third the largest, apical one the smallest, all larger than
in S. Hindwing glossy bine, except the woolly base and the distal and costnl
marginal liordcrs, the distal border ill defined, gradually narrowing abdominad, the
blue colour reaching close to fringe at anal angle.
Underside glossy blue for the greater part ; forewing with three white spots,
the basal one of upperside being here absent ; liiiidwing with a white d<il (iii
cross-veins.
Length: c?, 18 mm. ; ?,22mm.
One pair.
Chalcosiu (?) alhomedia Rothschild, iVoj:. Zool. iv. p. 30i). n. G. t. 7. f. G (1897)
(Kapaur, Dutch New Guinea), belongs also to this genus.
(477 )
42. Doclia cincta spec. nov.
cj. Body black, with a feeble pnrple gloss, somewhat metallic, legs dirty clay-
colour beneath.
Wings, vpper»i(le. Forewiug black, with pnrple reflections, not glossy ; a
mesial streak at base and two spots Ijeyond middle yellow, the one spot snbcostal,
proximally of end of cell, the other behind liase of M' ; SC^ vestigial, SC' missing ;
R' stalked with SC'^-^ Hindwing velvety black, a large elongate-ovate yellow
area obliqnely from costal margin near base toward apex of M-, its hinder edge
parallel to abdominal margin.
Underside as upper ; forewing less purplish, the basal streak larger, the two
postmedian yellow spots merged together to a band ; yellow area of hindwing
larger, extending close to base of cell.
Length of forewing : 13 mm.
One $.
43. Doclia (?) melaleuca spec. nov.
? . Antennae shortly pectinated proximally, dentate distally.
Head and pronotum j^ale yellow ; mesonotum white ; rest of body black, legs
elayish.
Wings, iip2)erside. Forewing truncate as in Heteropan, with three snb-
costals, SC and SC^ being missing, W stalked with SO^, R- and R' on a short
stalk ; chalky white, an olive-black border to distal edge, about 1 mm. wide,
extended at apex of wing to cell, the costal portion being U mm. broad, abruptly
stopping at cell, but extreme costal edge black to base. Hindwing smoky black,
with slight purple gloss, scaling for the greater part white at base of wing and
along abdominal margin, fringe white, except at apex.
Underside olive, with slight purple gloss. Black border of forewing as
above, but less sharply defined. C!ostal edge of hindwing, a broad streak in cell,
extending to apex of wing, and two streaks between cell and abdominal margin
more or less covered with white scales, such scales dispersed over the whole wing ;
radial and median veins from cell.
Length of forewing : 12 mm.
One ?.
44. Caprima tricolor spec. nov.
? . Face creamy white ; a broad belt behind eyes pale yellow, whitish beneath ;
rest of body and legs blue, somewhat glossy ; antenna Inteous at joints, shortly
pectinate proximally, dentate distally ; tarsi lutescent.
Wings, xpperside.—YoYii'N'mg : base black, metallic blue ; a broad white
oblique subbasal band washed with yellow ; rest of wing black, with pnrple
reflections; an orange snbcostal spot beyond apex of cell. Hindwing black at
base and along abdominal margin from >SM' backwards, more or less metallic blue,
apical third of wing also black, slightly purplish, this area widest at apex, narrowing
to a point behind, connected with the abdominal streak by some black scattered
scales before SBI' ; rest of wing white.
Underside as above, the metallic and the purple sheen vestigial, the white
areas of both wings and the orange spot of forewing somewhat enlarged,
( 478 )
Nonration : Forewiug with three subcostals only, first at fonr-fifths of cell,
second before angle, third at angle close to R', M- a very little more proximal
than SC
Length of forewing : 10 mm.
One ?.
HEPIALIDAE.
45. Charagia sordida sjicc nov.
?. Head, pro- and anterior portions of mesonotnm olive-green, rest of thorax
and legs greenish olivc-bnff ; abdomen greenish olive ; eye and head small.
AVings, iipjicrside.— — Forewing narrower than in the allied species {ri/amc/dorn,
vtarginafiis, etc), apex acnte, prodnccd, the distal margin being somewhat concave in
upper half ; greenish olive-buff, irrorated with the nsnal olive bars ; a straight shadowy
line from fonr-fifths of costa obliqnely across disc, inclnding some silvery spots
edged with pink ; two brown snbmarginal spots SC^ — II- ; fiinge not spotted.
Hindwing dirty mnmm^v-brown, with feeble pinkish reflection, slightly greenish at
distal and costal edges.
UndcrsiJe dirty mumm)--brown, waslied with green costally and distally, and
with pink on disc, costal edges marked with greenish olive spots.
Nenration : branches of subcostal fork on forewing a little shorter than, on
hindwing as long as, the stem.
Length of forewing : 40 mm.
One ?.
46. Porina salmonacea spec nov.
<?. Head and j)alpns mummy-brown; tliorax tawny-olive above and below,
slightly pinkish ; metanotum and proximal tergites of abdomen salmon-bufl',
posterior tergites pale cinnamon, sternites olivaceous bnff, antenna pale bull',
compressed, segments constricted at bases, narrow ventral surface and apical edge
of each segment (cxcejjt end-segment) witli fringe of hairs ; tibiae and tarsi
appearing broad in consequence of long scaling.
Wings, tippers! cle.— — Forewing clayish buff or more ochraceous ; behind costa
from base to middle three or four creamy white spots, sometimes divided, occasionally
jiartly or all absent or vestigial, encircled with black, the third tlie largest, in ontcr
half four or five rows of black spots, mostly minute, partly with creamy centres,
those of a postdiscal row more or less merged together to a line. Hindwing
salmon-buff at base, pinkish bnff distally.
Underside pinkish buff, waslied with salmon-colonr, costal edge of hindwing
yellowish bnff.
Length of forewing : 22 to 3a mm.
A series of cJcJ.
( 479
SOME NEW SIPHONAPTERA.
(Plates XIIl. XIV.)
By toe HON. N. C. EOTHSCHILD, M.A.
1. Pulex roberti spec. iiov. (Pl.XIII. fig. 1. 2).
THIS species is allied to P. m/slral/s Rothsch., but can be distiugaisUeJ by
the following characters: —
Head. — The rostrum and the second segment of the maxillary palpus are longer,
the latter being more than twice the lengtli of the third segment.
Thorax. — The sternum of the mesothorax bears two bristles instead of one.
Abdomen. — The first tliree tergites liear two complete rows of bristles. The
anterior row becomes gradually reduced on the other tergites, especially in the c? .
Legs. — All the femora bear on the outer side three bristles veutrally near the
apex, and one on the inner side. On the outer side of the hindfemur there are five
or six lateral bristles placed irregtrlarly on its apical third. Anteridrly to these
there is a row of three or four bristles, this row being separated from the three
subapical' ventral bristles liy a wide interspace. On tlie inner side tlie hindfemur
bears only one or two lateral bristles. The tibia have on the outer side very
numerous bristles, as is the case in Pidex bohlsi Wagn. On the inner side of the
hindtibia there are two or three bristles. The si.xth dorsal incision of the hindtibia
is rudimentary, however, one of the two bristles situated in this incision in other
Pulicidae being present. The fourth incision (which is homologous to the fifth of
other species) is not so deej) in the present species as it is in P. amtralis. The
tar.si, which in P. austra/is and P. clfojj/io/itis Rothsch. somewhat resemble the
tarsi of Malacopstjlla (= Megapsi/lla), are more normal in the present species.
The second segment of the foretarsns is nearly three times as long as it is broad,
lieing much longer than the first. The mid- and hindtarsi bear numerous hairs on
the ventral surface. The apical sjiines of the tarsi are stont, except on the fourth
segment. The longest apical s])ine of the first hindtarsal segment reaches to the
subapical spine of the second, and the corresponding spine of the latter segment
almost extends to the ajHcal sjiine of the third. The first hindtarsal segment is
two-thirds the length of the tibia. The fifth segment bears four lateral bristles
and a ventral mesial row of .about four hairs, besides a pair of apical ventral
spine-like bristles. The claw is smaller than in P. ausfralis and P. drojihontis.
The measurements of the mid- and hindtarsi are as follows : —
Modified Segments. — The linger is longer and slenderer than in /-". aastralis.
The mannbriinn (PI. Xlll. fig, 1, :\i) is broader. The ninth sternite (ix. st.) is also
broader, and bears many more hairs. The eighth tergite of the ¥ (PI. XIIL fig. 2)
( 480 )
has abont half a dozen bristles above the stigma, cue of them being stout. The
bristles at the ventral edge of this tergite are more nnmerons than in P. anstralts.
The anal steruite is longer than in P. austraUs, and the stylet somewhat thinner.
Pidcx bohhi Wagn., which we only know from Dr. AVagucr's description and
figure, is a similar insect. The present species, however, ditfers from it iu having
the second segment of the maxillary palpus and the end-segment of the rostrum
longer. The mosothoracical sternum bears in ^o/^/.s? three bristles, and the eijimerum
of the mesothorax six. The bristles on the hindfemur and those on the eislith
abdominal section are different in position ; the tirst foretarsal segment of P. bohlsi
is practically the same in length as the second, and the apical spines on the
metanotnm and first abdominal tergite are larger in number in P. bohUi than iu the
present species.
Length: cJ, 2-4 mm. ; ? , 3 mm.
We have nine examples of this species collected by Mr. A. Robert, as follows : —
6 S, Sao Paulo, Brazil, November 22, 1901. Didelphys aurlta.
3 ? , ,, „ „ „ 24 „ jSldoiwjs squamipes.
2. Pulex scopulifer spec. nov. (PI. XIII. fig. 5).
Head. — The frons is not notched. There is a vertical row of three eye-bristles,
two of the bristles standing in front of the eye and the third at the geual edge. The
occiput bears two bristles above the antennal groove and a complete snbapical row
of hairs, besides the usnal row of short bristles ])laced along the antennal groove.
The rostrum reaches to the apex of the forecoxa.
Thorax.— Each of the thoracical nota bears one row of bristles. The
mesothorax hears one bristle on the sternum and four on the epimernm. The meta-
thoracical epimerum has two vertical rows of bristles, the first containing eight, the
second five to seven.
Abdomen. — There is one row of bristles on each tergite, except on the first,
where there are two rows. On the seventh tergite there is a single apical bristle
placed on a cone which jjrojects far beyond the edge of tiie segment — a chariicter
peculiar to this species. The cone bears a minute hair on each side. The first
sternite bears one ventral bristle on each side, while there is a row of four or five
on the following four sternites, the sternite of the seventh segment bearing a row
of seven or eight, with an additional bristle in front of them. The stigmata are
rounded, and are placed above the first bristle.
Legs. — The mid- and hindcoxae bear two bristles posteriorly at the apex.
There is a comb of four to six spines on the inner side of the hiudcoxa. The
hindfemur is obtusely angulate veutrally towards the base. It bears on the outer
side two snbventral bristles near the apex, and on the inner side a subventral row
of four, of which two are placed before the middle and two farther back. On the
outer side of the himlfemur there are two rows of bristles, the more dorsal row
being incomplete. There are also two thin hairs at the ventral edge of the hind-
femur in addition to the apical and snbapical ventral bristles. The dorsal bristles
of the tibiae are stout. One of the snbapical hairs of the foretibia is short, very
heavy, and blunt. The longest apical bristle of the foretibia is not so long as the
tibia is broad. The longest bristle of the fifth pair of bristles of the hindtibia is
hardly longer than the tibia is broad. The first foretarsal segment is a little
shorter than the second. The longest apical bristle of the hindtarsns reaches
( 481 )
nearly to tlie apex of the second segment, and the longest of the latter extends to
the hase of the fifth segment. The fifth segment of the foretarsns bears three
ajiical ventral bristles, of which the middle one is long and the other two are short
and stout. On the mid- and hindtibiae these bristles are represented by only two
thinner ones, the posterior lateral bristle being absent. The measurements of the
mid- and hindtarsi are as follows : —
Modified Segments.— The large eighth sternite bears about twenty-five bristles
on each side. The clasper (PI. XIII. fig. 4) has two free processes ; the one (f) is
finger-shaped, bearing some minute hairs at the edge, while the other (p) is short
and covered with very heavy bristles. One of these bristles is rather strongly bent.
The manubrium is slender and linear, being slightly bent downwards at the apex.
The ninth sternite (ix. st.) is somewhat razor-shaped, being truncate at the apex.
It bears a number of minute hairs, as shown in the figure. The spiral of the penis
forms two-thirds of a whorl only. At the apical edge of the ninth tergite (bearing
the sensory plate) there are laterally three bristles, two of which are long.
Length : 2 mm.
This species is easily recognised by the jirominent cone on which the apical
bristle of the seventh abdominal tergite is jjlaced, and by the sexual armature.
We have one S example of this species from Saccostomus campestris, collected
by Mr. C. H. B. Grant at Umfolozi, Zululaud, on July 1st, 1904.
3. Ceratophyllus calceatus spec nov. (PI. XIII. fig. 3. 4).
Head. — The frontal tubercle is very distinct. There is a row of three eye-
bristles and above them two additional bristles, besides some short hairs. The
occiput bears in or behind the middle two lateral bristles, one above the other, and
a snbapical series of hairs. This series is widely interrupted, the interspace between
the first and second bristles being twice the width of tlie interspace between the
second and third. The eye is ovate in shape. Tbe club of the antenna is three
times (c?) or twice (?) as long as it is broad. The rostrum reaches a little beyond
the apex of the forecoxa. The first segment of the labial palpus is longer than
the second, while the second, third and fourth are about equal iu length. The fifth
segment is longer than the third and fourth taken together.
Thorax, — The pronotum is a little longer dorsally than the dorsal spines of
the comb. It bears one row of bristles and a comb of nineteen (c?) or twenty (?)
spines. The mesonotum boars two rows of bristles and on the back some additional
hairs, besides an irregular double row of small hairs at the base. There is also
a subapical series of four to six slender spines on each side. The mesothoracical
sternum bears four bristles laterally in the centre and some minute hairs near the
upper angle. The epimerum of the mctathorax bears six bristles (3. 2. 1). There
are two rows of bristles on the metanotum, besides two or three hairs on the
back in front of them. There is also one short apical spine on each side.
The episternum of the metathorax bears two bristles and a small hair, the latter
not being always ])rescnt, and the sternum has a single bristle. The bristles of the
njctathoracical epimerum are seven in number (3. 3. 1.).
( 482 )
Abdomen. — All the torgitcs licar two rows of bristles. The secoud row, which
cuuluius seven bristles ou each side ou terjiites 2 to 7, is curved, esjieciully iu
the ? . The seventh terglte bears in the S one snbapical bristle accompauieil by
a small hair ou the veutral side, but in the ? there are two lonjr bristles similarly
jilaced. These bristles staud at some distance from the apical edge. The tirst
sternite bears one veutral bristle. The following four sternites have in the (S a row
of two or three and in the ? a row of three or fonr hairs, the fourth being much
shorter than the others. There are also one or two hairs in front of this row iu the ? .
On the sternite of the seventh segment there is a row of five or six bristles, with
two shorter hairs in front.
Legs. — Tlie mid- and hindcoxae have two bristles posteriorly at the apex.
The hiudfemnr bears on each side one subveutral bristle near the apex, and on the
inner surface towards the base another small bristle. The mid- and hiudtibiae bear
no hairs at the anterior (or ventral) edge, except the apical and snbapical bristles.
There is one row of lateral bristles on the outer side of these tibiae, and on the inner
side of the hindtibia also a row of four to six bristles. The first hindtarsal segment
has three lateral pairs of bristles ou the anterior side, and four to six ou the
posterior. Near the posterior lateral bristles there are ou this segment from one
to three bristles. The longest apical bristle of this segment reaches a little beyond
the base of the snbapical pair of the second segment. The longest apical bristle of
the second segment does uot reaeli tiie apex of the third. The fifth segment is
broad. It bears four lateral bristles, besides a snbapical hair, and there is also
a ventral pair of bristles in between the first lateral pair. The measurements of
the mid- and hiudtarsi are as follows :
Modified Segments. — The eighth tergite of the cT is large. It bears a number
of small hairs aliove the stigma. At the apical edge there are five or six long
bristles aud ou the lateral surface seven or nine more. The eighth sternite is small
bnt quite distinct (Fl. XIII. fig. 4, viii. st.). The process of the clasper (PI. XIII.
fig. 4, ?) is rounded, bearing two small hairs at the top. The finger (f) is shaped
like an inverted boot, the dorsal edge representing the sole. It bears a bristle at
the apex and three more at the ventral edge, besides a short hair situated near the
upper proximal angle. There are two very long bristles at the junction of the
finger with the cla.sper. The ninth sternite (ix. st.) bears an elongate-ovate apical
flap, which is widest at the apex. We cannut make out the exact outline of
this sternite. Tiie seventh sternite of the ? is olituse, being obliquely rotundate-
truueate (PI. XIII. fig. 3, vii. st.). The eighth tergite (viii. t.) bears a number of
short hairs above the stigma and a long bristle aud three short hairs near it. The
segment is emargiuate at the apex, with the veutral angle somewhat more
prujertiug and less rouuded tluin the ujiper angle. There are at the a]iical edge
three bristles aud one short s[)iiie-likc hair. Proximally of these there are three
more bristles, and farther down and si ill more pripximal six additional ones. The
cightli sternite (viii. st.) is very narrow and long. It is rounded at the apex (lateral
( 483 )
view), and bears at the apical edge some extremely tine and sliort hairs. The
stylet is abunt tliree times as long as it is basally broad. The aual t-.teniite liears
on each side two long apical bristles and some stout ventral ones, besides
numerous thin hairs.
Length: cJ, 3-2 mm. ; ?,3-Gmm.
We have one pair of this species from Bukit Besar, 2500 ft., State of
Nawngchik, Eastern Malay States, May loth, 1901, from Sciunis nigrovittatus,
kindly sent to us by Mr. H. Robinson.
4. Ceratophyllus robinsoni spec. uov. (PL XIII. fig. 6).
? . Allied to C. ahalae Eothsch., but differs in the following characters : —
Head. — The frontal part of the head bears a few less bristles. The subapical
row of bristles of the occiput is widely interrupted, the second bristle of that row
not being developed. The rostrum reaches to the apex of the forecoxa.
Thorax. — Tlie pronotnm bears a comb of twenty teeth. The metanotum has
three rows of bristles, and in front of them some dorsal bristles representing a
fourth row.
Abdomen. — There are two long apical bristles on the seventh tergite, placed
on a double cone. Below them there is a third bristle, not situated on a cone.
Tergites 2 to 7 bear on each side one rather long black apical spine, and tergite 5
one spine on one side only. The basal sternite bears about ten short hairs laterally
near the base iind three bristles at the ventral edge, the posterior bristle being the
longest. The sternites of segments 3 to 6 have a row of four long bristles and
eleven to fifteen shorter bristles in front of the row, the bristles being still more
numerous on the seventh segment. The seventh sternite bears a deep and narrow
sinus (PI. XIII. fig. 6, vii. st.). The stigmata stand in front of the middle row of
bristles. They are situated on a level with the third long bristle of the jiosterior
row or above the second bristle, except on the second and seventh tergite, where
the posterior row of bristles extends less far downwards.
Legs.— [The first foPetarsal segment is shorter than the second. The lateral
bristles of the fifth segment are thinner than in C. ahalae, and there are only
two short spine-like bristles ventrally at the apex of the fifth fore- and midtarsal
segments instead of four.
The measurements of the tarsi are as follows :
Uodified Segments. — The eighth tergite (PI. XIII. fig. 6, vii. t.) bears a few
short hairs above the stigma and none below it. The ventral apical angle is produced.
Above this projection there are two pairs of bristles, and farther back about fourfeen
more bristles. Tiie eighth sternite bears a lew minute jiairs at the apex. The
stylet is slightly conical, being about four times as long as it is broad. It l)ears
one long bristle at the ajiex accompanied by two very minute hairs. Tiiere i.s one
liristle at the corner of the tergite, beneath the stylet. The aual sternite bears lony
bristles only, nine in numlier.
Length : ¥ , 4 mm.
32
( 484 )
We have one specimen of this species from Biikit Besar, 2500 ft., State of
Nawngchik, Eastern Malay States, May 17th, 1001, from Sc/'urus niyrocittatus.
We are indebted to Mr. H. liobinson for this species.
5. Ceratophyllus vicinus spec. nov. (PI. XIII. fig. 7).
Closely allied to C. agrippinae and C. dorippae Rothsch., but distinguished
Viy the following characters : —
Head. — The rostrum i.s shorter than in the species mentioned and the relative
lengths of the segments different, the last segment being twice the length of the
last but one. The e3'e is vestigial. It has no pigment.
Thorax. — The pronotal comb consists of twenty-four spines in the S and
twenty-eight in the ? .
Abdomen. — The numbers of ai)ical spines on the tergites are as follows: 17,
1-, 7,5, 1.
There is no bristle beneath the stigma on tergites 5 to 7. The seventh tergite
hears three apical bristles in both sexes. The sternites of the present species have
one or two Ijristles less than those of ('. uyrippiiuw.
Legs. — The hindfemur bears five to seven bristles at the ventral edge behind
the basal sinns, instead of the one pair found in C. agiipjjinae. There are two
ventral subajjical bristles on the outer side, as in C. agrippimie. The first hiudtarsal
sogmout is ])roportioiially much longer than in C. agrippinac, the proportions
being almost the same as in C dorippae. The first and second midtarsal segments
are shorter than in C. dorippae. The measurements of the mid- and hindtarsi are
as follows :
modified Segments. — The eighth sternite of the <S bears only eight bristles
above the sinus and two short ones farther back, besides six to eight below the
sinus. The two processes of the clasper (PI. XIV. tig. 7) are of nearly the same
length, while in C. agrippinae the second process is much the longer of the two.
The finger is very much broader in the new species, and bears a heavy bristle
at the ventral edge near the base (f). The manubrium is pointed. The seventh
sternite of the ? is more distinctly emarginate than in C. agrippiiuic.
We have a pair of this species from Ilcrpestcs badius, collected by Mr.
C. H. B. Grant at Wakkerstroom, Namaqnaland, Caite Colony, March 1904.
0. Ceratophyllus stratiotes spec. nov. (PI. XIV. fig. 8).
Head. — The frons is notched. There are three long bristles before the eye,
which are ])laced in an obtuse triangle some distance from the eye. Between the
second bristle and the oral edge there is further a short bristle, and above the third
bristle two more. The occiput bears one lateral bristle and a widely interrupted
subapieal series, the second bristle of this row not being developed. The small
hairs along the antennal groove stand rather far apart. The eye is evenly rounded
(485 )
anteriorly. The rostrum reaches almost to the apex of the foreeoxa. The last
segment is nearly twice the length of the last but one. The first anteunal segment
bears numerous small hairs at the apex. The club is about four times as long
as it is broad, the segments being sharply separated.
Thorax. — The pronotnm bears cue row of bristles and a comb of twenty-one
teeth. There are three rows of bristles on the mesonotum, besides some additional
short dorsal bristles and a basal row of rather long thin hairs. Three long slender
subapical spines are jslaced on each side. The sternum bears a nearly horizontal
row of three bristles in the middle and some short Iiairs near the upper corner.
On the ejiimernm there are eleven bristles. The metanotum, which is shorter than
the mesonotum, possesses one apical spine on each side and three rows of bristles,
the anterior row being quite irregular. The episternum and sternum have each
one bristle, while there are ten on the epimerum.
Abdomen. — The first tergite bears four rows of bristles, the other tergites two,
with some additional bristles representing a third. The number of spines on the
two sides together are : 2. 4. 2. 2. 2. The seventh tergite bears two long stout
apical spines placed on a double cone. Proximally of, as well as below them, there
are a few hairs. The stigmata are round, and stand above the first bristle of
the posterior row. There is no bristle on the basal sternite. The following sternite
bears two bristles and the next three sternites three, all having two shorter ones
iu front of them. On the sternite of the seventh segment there is a row of three
long bristles, with tliree additional shorter ones in front.
Legs. — The bristles of the mid- and hindcoxae are few iu number. There are
two posteriorly at the apex. All the femora bear a small subventral hair near
the a])ex on both sides, and a minute lateral hair near the base on the outer
surface. There is on the hindf'emur also a minute ventral hair behind the subbasal
sinus. The mid- and hindtibiae bear at the ventral edge three hairs besides the
apical and subapical ones, and there are on the outer and inner sides one row of
bristles. There are no bristles on the ventral surfaces of the mid- and hindtarsi,
apart from apical bristles. The lateral bristles are short. The longest apical
bristles of the first hindtarsal segment reaches the middle of the second segment.
The fifth segment is broad. It bears five pairs of lateral bristles, the first pair
being strongly and the third less strongly dislocated towards the middle. The
measurements of the mid- and hindtarsi are as follows : —
Modified Segments. — The eighth tergite is large and apparently • triangnlar.
It bears about fourteen bristles at the edge from the stigma backwards, and about
as many on the side. There is a single long bristle near the ventral margin behind
the middle. The process of the clasper (Plate XIV., fig. 8, r) is very short and
obtuse, while the finger is long and slender (k), bearing some minute hairs at tlio
edge, as shown iu the figure. The two bristles at the junction of the finger with
the clasper are long and placed some distance apart. The manubrium (m) is also
* The single example of this species we possess is mounted as a microscopic slide, and is
consequently somewhat distorted in shape.
( 480 )
ver)' slender, ami is slightly ililatcd at the apex. Tlie ninth sternite (ix. st.) is
broad; it is siunate beyond the middle, with the distal angle of the proximal
portion somewhat projecting distad.
Length : 3, 3-7 mm.
We have one S of this species from the Benito River, Spanish Gaboon,
collected by Mr. W. Bates. The host is not known to us. AVe are indebted to
Mr. W. de Winton for the specimen.
Macropsylla gen. nov.
?. Closely allied to Hi/strichopsylld. The rostrum consists of eleven to
thirteen segments in the only species known. There is a row of spines situated
along the ventral edge of the head as well as along the antennal groove (PI. XIV.
fig. 9). The eye is vestigial, situated at the base of the uppermost spine. The
chitiu of the occiput is internally thickened in the middle, as indicated in the tignre.
The episternum of the metathorax is about twice as long as it is broad. The fifth
tarsal segment has four lateral bristles, besides a thin snbapical hair, and a ventral
pair of bristles in between the first lateral pair. There are two bursal copnlatrices,
as in ni/strichoii.vjUa. The eighth sternite is absent, while the tergite is completely
divided dorsally in the mesial line.
The posterior angle of the gena, underneath the antennal groove, has developed
into a spine (PI. XIV. fig. 8). This spine corresponds to the posterior row of gcnal
spines met with in StephanocirciM, while the coutinnous row of spines extending
in MacropiijUa from the anterior oral corner to the vestigial eye is homologous to
the row of spines situated along the hinder edge of the helmet in Stephanocircus.
T. Macropsylla hercules spec. nov. (PI. XIV. fig. '.», ](i).
Head. — The frons (PI. XIV. fig. 9) is quite different in outline from that of
Hi/stricliojisylla, being rounded as far down as the first genal spine. There are six
genal spines at the ventral edge and three at the edge of the antennal groove.
The genal process beneath these spines is also armed at the apex with a short
broad spine. The frons bears seven long bristles, and is covered, moreover, with
numerous short hairs. The occiput bears four rows of bristles, and above the antennal
groove a row of short hairs. The space in front of and above the first row of
bristles is punctured. The rostrum does not quite reach to the apex of the forecoxa.
The maxillary palpus is much shorter than in //. talpnc, but the proportional length
of the segments is about the same as in that species.
Thorax. — The jironotum bears three rows of bristles and a comb of twenty-
eight to thirty-four sjiines, besides some additional bristles in front of the first row.
The mesonotum is very hairy, bearing four rows of bristles and unmerous shorter
hairs situated between these rows and the base. There are dorsally before the apex
two long slender spines on each side. On the sternum of the mcsothorax there are
about thirty bristles, most of them standing in the upper half, and there are about
eighteen on the cpimerum. Tlie metanotum bears four rows of bristles. There are
two vertical rows of bristles on the episternum, with two additional bristles in front,
the ejiimcrum bearing about twenty-seven bristles, the middle and jKtsterior ones
being arranged in two vertical rows.
Abdomen. — There is a comb on segments 2 to o, the first three combs
( 487 )
being nninterrnpted on the baek, while the fourth comb is slightly interrnpted by
small dorsal mesial interspace ; the numbers of teeth are 43, 44, 47, and 41. The
tergites 1 to 7 all bear four rows of bristles, the anterior row being quite
irregular and partly doubled on tergites 2 to 7. There are three long apical
bristles on the seventh tergife, the middle one reaching nearly to the apex of the
last segment, the ventral one being only a little shorter, while the dorsal one is less
than half the length of the middle bristle. The apex of this segment is produced
between the two sets of apical bristles. The first sternite is very hairy ou the
sides and along the ventral margin. The following four sternites bear a row of
four or five long bristles and a jiatch of shorter ones in front of them, these long
and short bristles being more numerous on the seventh sternite. This sternite is
broadly and shallowly emarginate.
Legs. — There are three bristles posteriorly at the apex of the mid- and hind-
coxae. The hindfemur bears ou the outer side a subveutral row of about nine bristles
and on the apical third of the outer surface about twenty bristles. The foretibia
has no stout bristles laterally at the apex between the stout dorsal and ventral
apical bristles as is the case in IJi/strichopsylla talpae. The hindtibia has eleven
or twelve dorsal incisions bearing stout bristles. The outer surfaces and ventral
edges of the tibiae are hairy, while the inner surfaces are bare of hairs. The longest
apical dorsal bristle of the midtibia reaches a little beyond the apex of the tirst
tarsal segment, while that bristle of the hindtibia does not reach the base of the
Rubapical pair of bristles of the first tarsal segment. The fifth tarsal segment is
proportionally shorter than in //. talpae, and the dorso-lateral bristles of this
segment are much longer. The measurements of the mid- and hindtarsi are as
follows : —
Modified Segments. — The eighth tergite (PI. XIV. fig. 10) is triangular, with
the apex rounded otl'. It bears very numerous bristles, as shown in the figure.
The bristles are somewhat variable in number and jiosition. The eighth sternite is
aiij)arent]y altogether absent. The jdate belonging to the ninth segment, being
situated between the eighth tergite and the sensory organ, is very distinct (PI. XIV.
fig. 10, ix. t.). The stylet is subcylindrical, becoming slightly narrower from the
base to the apex.
Length : 5-2 mm.
We have two ? specimens of this species from Lanuceston, Tasmania, one
from Mus velutinus and the other from Mus spec. ?, both collected by Mr. A. Simson.
Uropsylla gen. nov.
?. The ventral margin of the head is dilated behind the palpus into a rounded
lobe projecting downwards (PI. XIV. fig. 11). This lobe bears two bristles which
form a continuation of a row of three of which two are situated beneath the eye and
one behind it. The eye is very large and stands at the antennal groove. The genal
process is, immediately behind the eye, dilated into a truncate flaji which partly
covers the club of the antenna. The tirst segment of the antenna is very large,
( ^S8 )
being longer tlian, and as broad a^!, tlie clnb. It lioavs a large nnmber of sliort
hairs. The second seg-ment is fringed witli long liairs, wliioh do not liowevcr reach
to the apex of the clnb. The latter is globular and covered with minute hairs, the
segments being separated from one another. The hairs are especially dense on the
first and the last segments. The proximal surface of the first segment of the club
has the ajipearance of being reticulated. There is no internal thickening of the
ehitin from the ujiper end of the auteniial groove to the dorsal edge of the head.
The pronotnm is about four times as long dorsally as it is laterally, appearing almost
hammer-shaped in side view. It bears a comb of long spines. The episterniim of
the metathorax is larger than the sternal plate when viewed from the side (as on
the ■ slide). The abdominal tergites 1 to 7 bear short, broad, triangular ajiieal
spines. There are no apical bristles on the seventh tergite. Tlic ei"-hth termite is
large. It is triangular, with the ajiical angle rounded oti', the oblique distal margin
being about half as long again from the stigma to the apex as the ventral margin
from the apex to the base. The eighth sternite is small, triangular, and concealed
in the tergite, being hairy at the njiper and apical edges. The sensory plate is large,
being about twice as long as it is wide. The anal segment is as long as the sensory
jdate. The fifth tarsal segment bears five lateral bristles, besides a thin apical hair.
There are no fine hairs on the ventral surface of this segment. It bears, however,
two short stout bristles at the apex, one placed obliquely behind the other, and
jiroximally of them a pair of short slender hairs. There is one bursa copulatrix.
The cavities into which the stigmata open are large and rounded.
The insect for the reception of which we have to propose the present genus does
not fit into Ci'ratoph/Utis or any other genus. In respect to the triangular eightii
abdominal tergite the insect reseraldes MacrojmjUa, described above, but in other
respects the genera Macropsylla and Uropsijlla are markedly different.
It is, of course, impossible to decide from one species which characters are of
generic value and which only of specific. We have no doubt, however, that some
of the very striking characteristics mentioned above will be found in other species,
when the Australian Pulicid fauna become better known.
8. Uropsylla tasmanicus spec. nov. (Fl. XIV. fig. 11, 12).
Head.— The head (PI. XH'. fig. ] 1) is about as high as it is long. It is evenly
rounded in front. There is no frontal notch. In addition to the row of bristles
situated beneath the eye there are two rows before the eye, and two more bristles
above these, besides a number of short hairs situated above the eye. The occiput,
which is punctured dorsally like the frons, bears a great number of small hairs from
tie base of the autennal groove to the middle of the same, and a regular row of
rather stouter hairs from here to the ventral corner. There are laterally two pairs
of bristles, and near the hinder edge a row of seven long bristles on each "side. The
rostrum does not reach to the apex of the forecoxa. The labial palpus 'consists of
five segments, of which the first four are nearly of equal length, while the last is
half as long again. The first segment of the maxillary jialpus is longer than the
fourth and half as long again as the second, the third being hardly half the length
of the first.
Thorax.— The jjronotum bears one regular row of bristles and a comb of thirty
spines. The mesonotnm is covered with short and rather stout hairs all over from
the base to the postmedian row of long bristles. The episternum bears also many
( 489 )
similar h.airs. The metanotnm has fonr irregular rows of short stout bristles, besides
additional dorsal hairs and a postmedian row of long bristles. There is a comb of
seven short apical spines on the two sides together. The large metathoracic
ppisternnm bears dorsally a long bristle witli a short hair below it, and anteriorly a
vertical row of four to six more, and a ventral, nearly horizontal, row of three
beside. There is one bristle on the sternnm. The epimernm, which is very much
higher than it is wide, bears a row of seven bristles anteriorly, another row of four
from the stigma downwards, and two bristles in between the rows, besides two small
hairs, one of which is placed above and one beneath the uppermost bristles of
the second row.
Abdomen. — The tergites 1 to 7 bear two rows ^of bristles, the first and
second tergites possessing in addition a short third row ; this third row being
represented by two or three bristles also on the third and fourth segments. Both
rows of bristles extend down beyond the stigmata, except on the seventh segment.
The number of apical spines on the tergites are on the two sides together : 7. it. 11.
9. 6. 4. 2. The basal sternite bears on each side abont twenty hairs and at the
ventral edge a long bristle and more proximally several finer ones. The following
four sternites bear a row of six long bristles and in front of them four to six shorter
ones. The sternite of the seventh segment has a row of seven or eight bristles and
six to eight hairs before this row.
Iieg^s. — The mid- and hindcoxae bear posteriorly at the apex fonr or five
bristles. The hindfemur has ventrally on the outer side a row of five long bristles
from tlie apex forward, the row being continued anteriorly by two shorter bristles,
which are preceded by two more bristles standing a little separate from the ventral
edge. On the outer surface the hindfemur bears an irregular row of seven or eight
bristles and a subdorsal row of four or five. The bristles on the outer side of the
midfemnr are a little less numerous. The mid- and hindtibiae have nine dorsal
incisions. The sixth and apical incisions bear the longest bristles. The longest
apical bristle of the midtibia reaches nearly to the middle of the second tarsal
segment, wliile that bristle of the hindtibia extends to the ape.x of the first
segment. There is one row of seven bristles on the inner side of the hindtibia and
two and a half rows of bristles on the outer side, besides numerous hairs situated
at and near the anterior edge. The first foretarsal segment is two-thirds the length
of the second. The first and second segments of the midtarsus are almost equal in
length, while the first hindtarsal segment is very much longer than the second
The apical and snbapical bristles of the hindtarsus are stout and rather short, the
longest apical liristle of the first segment not reaching to the apex of the second.
The measuv ments of the mid- and hindtarsi are as follows : —
Modified Segments. — The seventh sternite (PI. XIV. fig. 12, vii. st.) is obliquely
sinuate, the lobe above the sinus being rounded and^the lobe below the sinus being
slightly bi-emarginate. The eighth tergite is comjiletely divided dorsally in the
mesial line. It bears very numerous short hairs at the edge and on the lateral
surface (PL XIV. fig. 12).
( 490 )
Lcnsjth, 4'fi mm.
We have one ? example of this species from Liiunceston, Tasmania, from
J)ns>/urus vivenim/s, collected by Mr. A. Simson.
'■\ Ctenopsyllus ellobius spec. nov. (PI. XIV. fig. 13. 14. 1.5).
Head. — The frons is evenly and strongly ronnded, the lower portion sloping
backwards, especially in the d (PI. XIV. fig. 13). There is a vertical row of five
genal spines. The vestige of an ej^e is placed above the uppermost spine. The side
of the frontal portion of the head bears one very long bristle, and several shorter
ones, as shown in the fignre. The occiput bears three oblique rows of bristles,
besides the snbapical row. The first antennal segment is large. The second
is produced apicad anteriorly, the projection extending in the ? beyond the middle
of the clnb, and in the J to the fourth segment of the club. The rostrum e.xtends
to the snbapical row of bristles of the forecoxa.
Thorax. — The pronotum bears two rows of bristles and a comb of twenty-eight
teeth. The mesonotnm has two slender snbapical spines on each side, and three
rows of bristles, bearing numerous additional hairs, between the first row and the
base. There are three oblique rows of bristles on the metanotum, and laterally near
the base an irregular fourth row. The apex of the metanotum is denticnlate. The
epimernm of the metathorax bears four more or less irregular rows of bristles,
twenty to twenty-three altogether.
Abdomen. — The tergites 1 to (i are denticulate dorsally at the apex. The
second to fifth bear laterally, not dorsally, short stout apical spines, which vary
in number, there being in the S on one side G. 0. 9. 2, and on the other 6. G. G. 2,
while in the ? the numbers are 4. 4. 6. 0, and 4. 4. 4. 0. There are four rows of
bristles on all the tergites. The anterior row, however, is represented in the <? by
a few dorsal hairs only. The stigmata are pointed behind, and stand on the middle
segments above the third or fourth bristles of the last row, but much nearer the
base of the segment. The seventh tergite bears three heavy apical bristles, the
middle one being more than twice the length of the dorsal one. The basal sternite
has a number of hairs at the ventral edge, and bears an oblique lateral row, the
hairs in this row being more numerous in the ? than in the S. The stcrnites of
segments 3 to 6 bear in the ? a row of four or five long bristles, in front of which
there are three rows of shorter ones, the anterior row being irregular. In the c? the
number of bristles is reduced, there being only one row before the long bristles, with
some additional hairs in front, representing the two anterior rows of the ? . The
number of bristles is larger on the seventh sternite, especially in the ? , which bears
seven bristles in the last row.
Legs.— The hindcoxa, which is devoid of a comb of spines on the inner surface,
has four bristles posteriorly at the apex. There is an irregular lateral row of
minnte hairs on the outer side of the forefemnr, and two snbapical ventral bristles,
there being in the S several additional small hairs above that row. The mid- and
hindfeniora bear ventrally near the apex on the outer side three bristles, and on the
inner side one small hair. The outer side of all the tibiae is covered with hairs,
these hairs iieing arranged in three or four irregular rows on the hindtibia. This
tibia liears at the dorsal edge nine stout bristles of nearly equal length, four of them
being accompanied by a long one. The bristles of the tarsi are numerous and
rather stout. The longest apical one of the second hindtarsal segment does not
( 491 )
qiiit.o reach the snliapical pair of tho third segment. The fifth segment hears fonr
Intcnil hristles and a snliapieal hair, liesides a ventral jiair standing in between the
first lateral pair. The measurements of the mid- and hindtarsi are as follows : —
SEodified Segments. — The eighth sternite of the t? is ver}' large, and hears
ahont thirty bristles, besides some short hairs. The eighth tergite bears nnmerons
short bristles on the back. The clasper, which is not separated from the tergite of
the ninth segment b}- a suture, bnt is much more strongly chitinised than the
portion of the segment between the clasper and the sensory jilate, is not produced
backwards, being oblique and bearing at the edge five long bristles (PI. XIV.
fig. 14, cl.). The finger is very long (f). It bears one stout, short, obtuse sj)ine at
the apex, and many minute hairs ou the ventral edge, there being also some hairs
on the dorsal edge. The manubrium (m) is very broad and curved upward apically,
being an inner projection of the whole lateral and dorsal portion of the ninth
segment, inclusive of the sensory plate. The ninth sternite (ix. st.) is club-shaped,
and bears some bristles at the ventral edge, as shown in the figure. This sternite
reminds one of that of Ilijsfrichopsi/Ua tnlpar, but the " boomerangs " of the two
sides appear to be completely separated from one another. The anal segment
is longer tiian the sensory plate, and conical, bearing numerous bristles. The
seventh sternite of the ? is bi-emargiiiate, the upper sinus being wide and the lower
small and very shallow (PI. XIV. fig. 15, vii. st.). The eighth tergite (PI. XIV.
fig. 15, viii. t.) is very hairy above and lielow the stigma. The apex is bisinuate.
The anal tergite is longer in the ? than in the c?, and very bristl\'. The anal
sternite is somewhat oblong, as in Piilex irrifaiis, and bears very numerous and
heavy bristles at the truncate apex. The stylet is subconical, being about six times
as long as it is basally wide.
Length: c?, 3-4 mm. : ?, 4-2 ram.
We have four examples of this species collected by Air. G. II. 1!. Grant, as
follows : —
1 cJ, Sibudeui, Zululand, December 28, 1903. ^f^(■i spec.
2 S, Wakkerstroom, Namaqnaland, ('ape Colony, April 30, I0it4. Croridin-a
/hi-cscens.
1 ?, Wakkerstroom, Namaqnaland, Cape Colony, April 3o, ]'.i04. Crocldura
flarescens.
ERRATA IN TWO PREVIOUS PAPERS ON SIPHONAPTERA.
Vol,. XI. Page 653, line i> from bottom, rend Cowichan (Duncans), Vancouver Is,
Vol. XII. Pago 108, lines 10 and 12 from top, n-<hl Carpenter's Mt., Cariboo District, B.C.
., Page 170, line 12 from top, mid Allan Brooks.
( li'-^ )
NOTES ON SOME OF THE LYCAENIBAi: COLLECTED BY
DOHERTY ON THE KIKUYU ESCARPMENT, NOW IN
THE TRING MUSEUM.
By GEORGE T. BETIIUNE-BAKEII, F.LS., F.Z.S.-
SOME little time ago I was looking over these Ljcaenidae in the Tring
Mnsenm, and I noticed one or two new species, and certain points of interest
in other species, that seem worth)- of being recorded. I do not, however, deal
with the subfamily Liptcninac, merely confining myself now to the Lycaeninae.
1. Lachnocnema durbani Trimen.
Rare in November and December.
2. Deudorix dohertyi spec. nov.
S. Palpi whitish, with end segment black and naked. Face whitish or pale
cream-colonr. Primary leaden grey, with a large subqnadrangular yellowish
tawny patch in the medial and postmedial area, extending from near the middle
of the inner margin up to the end of the cell, keeping vein S as its upper edge
with its outer margin slightly oblique, and terminating on the inner margin in
front of the tornus. Secondary yellowish tawny, with the base, inner and costal
margins leaden grey, termen finely black. Fringes of both wings dark grey for
the inner half, the outer half cream-colour.
Underside : both wings tawny grey with slightly darker spots jialely edged.
Primary with a quadrate spot closing the cell, the postmedial series consisting
of six spots somewhat flattened, the first three subconfluent, the second three
shifted inwards also subconfluent ; the subtermiual row consists of small snblunular
spots. Secondary with two snbbasal small black dots, one below vein !S and
one in the cell ; a pale spot on the inner margin, a (piadrate spot closes the cell ;
the postmedial row consists of eight s])ots, the second shifted well outwards, the
third and fourth conflneut shifted slightly ont, fifth and sixth continent shifted
well inwards, seventh slightly angled yet further in, eighth spot, a long one,
shifted slightly outwards ; submarginal row as in the primary, but followed by
a row of short fine dashes, termen finely dark, a dark lobe spot, a slight dark
scaling between veins 1 and 2, and a small blackish spot between 2 and 3,
edged slightly internally with iiale yellowish.
Exjjanse : 3i) mm.
The type from the Kikuyu Escarpment is in the Triug Museum.
3. Deudorix antalus Ilojif.
A common s])ecies, diflering in no way from the usual form.
4. Myrina ficedula Trimen.
One specimen, quite tyjjical.
( 493 )
5. Hypolycaena philippus Fab.
Rare, of the typical form.
I!. Stug'eta bowkeri Trimen.
Not lomraon.
7. lolaus silas Westw.
One specimen on)}'.
S. lolaus sidus Triman.
Rare ; somewhat brighter than the sonthern form.
9. Axiocenses perion Cram.
The commonest of the whole group. The nndersides are very mnch paler
and more uniform than the West African form, and are also paler than the form
from the low country ; the npperside, however, is as bright as usual,
Lycaenesthes.
There are several species of this intricate genns, some in considerable
numbers ; but as 1 am now preparing a revision of the African species of the
genns, 1 shall deal with them later on.
Cupido.
I fear I cannot follow Anrivilliiis, able antlmr and observer though he is,
in his wholesale sinking of genera, and I therefore place the various species
under the genera that are more generally accepted.
10. Uranothauma cordatus Rharpe.
A common insect ; the ? of this sjiecies is whitish with a basal silvery
blue suffusion, and two rows of dark spots on the primary, and very broad
borders.
11. Uranothauma nubifer Trimen.
Not rare, but less common than the other two species.
12. Uranothauma poggei Dewitz.
A common species, the ? of which is pale yellowish brown, with a broad
dark termen to the primary, a posterior fractured row of dark spots, and two
dark spots in the cell.
1:1 Cacyreus lingeus Cram.
Very common, and quite typical.
( -IW )
14. Cacyreus palaemou dam.
Common.
l-"!. Syutarucus telicanus Lang.
Bv no menns common.
One specimen.
Not common.
10. Azauus moriqua ^\"llgr.
IT. Azanus jesous Gnoiin.
lis. Azamxs ubaldus Cram.
A rare species, bnt typical.
10. Everes masai sp. no v.
(?. Both wings violet bine. Primary with the costa and termen very narrowly
Mack. Secondary with the costa somewhat broadly brown ; termen narrowly
black ; tail very fine, white tipped, above which ii5 a small dark spot. Fringes
greyish white, darker towards the extremities.
Undersnrface whitish grey. Primary with a black spot finely encircled with
■white closing the cell, postmedial row consisting of si.K isolated black spots
encircled with white, with a trace of a very small one on the costa ; the first
fonr spots are curved outwards, the second being the farthest ont, the fifth
spot is shifted well inwards, and the sixth slightly outwards ; there is a double
snbterminal row of dark Innnles edged with white ; termen is black and linear.
Secondary with two subbasal black dots, one in the cell and one below vein S,
followed below by a minute black point on the inner margin ; above the pale
brown spot closing the cell is a black spot on the costa ; below it is another
black spot on the inner margin ; the postmedial row consists of six pale brown
sjiots, the first below vein 7 isolated, the second shifted right outwards confluent
with the third, fourth and fifth, which take a distinct inward curve, the fifth
being farthest inwards, sixth spot shifted slightly outwards ; an irregular ))ale brown
snbterminal band followed by a terminal row of pale brown spots ; termen black
linear : above the tail is a velvety black spot slightly edged above with metallic
blue scales, above which is an orange yellow Innule. All the spots and bands
are palely edged.
?. Primary greyish brown, with a small patch of bright violet blue, restricted
to the median and lower basal areas. Secondary with the blue less restricted,
reaching almost to the snbmarginal row of dark dots, each of which dots is
preceded by a pale blue lunnle; the black spot at the tail is edged internally
by a patch of orange-yellow. The underside is precisely like that of the male.
Expanse : c? and ? , 27 — 28 mm.
The type is in tlie Tring Museum from tlie Kikuyn Escarpment.
20. Cupido boeticus L.
Not common.
( 495 )
21. Cyclyrius aequatorialis iSluirpc ; and 'S2. C. sharpiae Btl.
There is a fairly long series of these species, which are, I believe, one and
the same ; the white baud of the underside of the secondary is sometimes inter-
sected and sometimes entire, while there are many sjjecimeus in various grades
of connecting forms.
23. Lycaena sichela Wllgr.
One specimen only.
24. Lycaena malathana Boisd.
Rare ; only four specimens.
25. Lycaena dolorosus Trimeu.
Not uncommon ; with more white ou the uudersurface of the secondaries
than usual.
26. Lycaena cnejus.
One tyjjical specimen.
27. Lycaena pulchristriata spec. nov.
c?. Paljji blackish, fringed below with long white hairs ; and at the tip of
the second segment, in addition to the white, are a quantity of longer fine
blackish hairs as well ; end segment not fringed, white-tijiped ; antennae
reticidated, white and black ; clnb blackish, white-tipped ; face white with dark
centre ; abdomen dark with marked bluish ira,le grey segmental divisions.
Primary brownish grey, with a very restricted pale violet-blue basal suffusion ;
all the veins stand out broadly pale bluish grey, those above vein 4 being narrower
and greyish white ; cilia dark grey, paler for the outer half. Secondary pale,
slightly silvery violet-blue, with a terminal row of largish black spots ; termen
whitish, finely edged externally with black ; cilia dark, outer half pale whitish
grey ; tail fine black tipped with white.
Uudersurface : Both wings brownish ashy grey with black spots encircled with
white. Primary with a short black dash at the extreme base and two spots
in the cell — a round one in the middle, a long one closing the end of the cell,
below the former below vein 2 another spot rather nearer the base ; the post-
medial row consists of six spots distinctly fractured below the fourth, the fifth
and sixth being shifted basewards immediately below the spot closing the cell :
beyond this row is a band of white-edged black confluent lunules followed in
the white terminal area by a row of subterminal oval blackish spots. Secondary
with a black spot at the extreme base of the cell, followed below by one ou the
inner margin ; two spots in the cell as in the primary ; above the first spot is a
second near the costa, postmedial row consisting of eight irregnlar spots, the
first two distinct, the lower of which is shifted slightly outwards, spots 3, 4, and o
curved almost confluent shifted farther out, but with the lower spot curved
inwards to near the spot closing the cell, sixth spot shifted right inwards well
below that spot, seventh spot shifted right outwards, and eighth right inwards,
outside this row, but following closely its course is a broad irregular orange
( 49(i )
red band ; above it on tbe costa is a small black spot ; outside and adjoining
this red band is tbe snbtermiual row of black spots ; terminal area white, with
the linear termen black ; the whole of this row is more or less strongly edged
internally with pale metallic bluish.
? . Both wings greyish brown, with the orange-red band of the nnderside of
the secondary showing throngh, beyond which is the snbtcrminal row of spots,
followed by the white termen. Underside exactly like the male.
Expanse : c? and ? , 25—20 mm.
The types from the Kikuyu Escarpment are in my collection. I have only
seen this species from this escarpment. I have it in my own collection, and
there is a good series iu the Tring Museum. It is like nothing with which I
am acquainted.
28. Scolitantides stellata Trim.
This in-etty little insect is common.
Not ciimmdii.
Not cduiiuon.
Not very rare.
2'->. Zizera gaika Trim.
3u. Zizera pygmaea Snellen.
31. Zizera lysimon lib.
32. Zizera lucida Trimen.
An uncommon species.
33. Chilades trochilus Freyer.
Quite typical, not uncommon.
34. Heodes orus < 'ram.
Fine and large specimens, but not common.
The great majority of the species here enumerated were taken in the months
of November, December, and January, at altitudes varymg from (),5()i) to 10,000
feet.
( 407 )
MISCELLANEA ORNITHOLOGICA.
CRITICAL, NOMENCLATORIAL, AND OTHER NOTES, MOSTLY ON
PALAEARCTIC BIRDS AND THEIR ALLIES.
BY ERNST HAETEET, Pii.D.
Part XL*
The forms of PARUS MAJOR.
ONE of the most diffii-ult gmups of birds fur the stadent of closely allied
geographical forms, and one of the most interesting ones to the field-
observer, is that of the subspecies of Parus major. If we stndy all the Titmice,
we find that not only the European Tomtits, but also minor, hohhareHsis, cinereiis
and their allies must be treated as subspecies of major. That the yellow underside
is not an essential character is exhibited by Parus major aphrodite, the Cyprus
subspecies, which sometimes has a cream-coloured underside ; and similar varieties
occur frequently in Greece and Spain, occasionally even in Germany. That the
greenish back is not more than a secondary character is shown by intermedius,
which is very closely allied to hokharensis, but has a green tinge on the inter-
scapulium, and by minor, which is on the back almost as green as major, while
being deprived of all yellow colour underneath. About the forms of Parus major
in Europe and North Africa I cannot say more than what I have said in Lief iii. of
my book lUe Vogel der paliiarktischen Fauna ; and I can only repeat that they are
still somewhat unsatisfactory. More especially we require a series from Spain.
I recapitulate here what I have distinguished in my book, and add the tropical
forms, which are, in my opinion, less difficult to separate.
1. Parus major major L.
Europe to the Altai in the east, and to the Mediterranean Sea in the south.
Terra ti/pica : Sweden.
2. Parus major newtoni Praz.
England, Scotland, and Ireland.
At once distinguished by its stout and large bill.
Terra typica : England.
3. Parus major excelsus Bnvry.
Tunis, Algiers, and Morocco.
The smaller white mark on the inner web of the outer pair of rectrices is
generally conspicuous ; the yellow on the underside deeper.
Terra ti/jjiea : Nrakta el Abbia in N. Algiers.
* For Pari I. aee Nov. Zool. I'.IOJ, pp. 456-60.
( 498 )
4. Parus major coi-sus Klcinsilun.
Corsica and Sardinia. Kesideut.
AVing 2 — 3 mm. shorter ; the yellow of the nuderside mueli duller, more
greenish ; the white mark on the inner web of the outermost pair of rectriccs
nearly always more restricted, sometimes almost absent.
In winter F. major major occurs occasionally on Sardinia.
Terra typica : Corsica.
5. Parus major aphrodite Mad.
Cyjirus, Asia Minor, and Greece.
Tarsus rather shorter than in 1, 2, 3, 4 ; the yellow of the underside deep
and bright ; specimens with partially or entirely cream-coloured underside
not rare.
Terra ti/jj/ra : Cyprus.
6. Parus major blanfordi Praz.*
Persia and Palestine.
Underside very pale yellow ; general aspect very light.
Terra typica : Persia.
7. Parus major bokharensis Licht.
15(ikhani, Trauscaspia, North Afghanistan (Aiuii Darja, Merw, Tedjen, etc.).
8. Parus major turkestanicus Zarudny & Loudon.
Dsungaria, Turkestan, Syr-Darja (Semiretschje, Dsharkent).
(Cf. Orn. iIonat.sbrr. 1005, p. 100.)
This subsj)ecies differs obviously from No. 7 by its huge bill, lung tail, and
great size generally. Unfortunately its description apjioared too late for Part 111.
of my book, and my material being not very large, I did not separate this form.
u. Parus major intermedius Zarudny.
Mountain districts of Transcaspia, E. Persia, jiarts of S. Afghanistan and
Baluchistan.
Darker than 7, the interscapuliiim with a greenish tinge.
Terra fi/pica : Transcaspia.
10. Parus major caschmirensis Hart.
( 'ashmere.
Like Ijoltliitrensi.s, but darker. Nape-patch darkened with greyish. Outer pair
of reetrices almost entirely wliile; second pair with a wide slate-cidoured edge-
band on the inner web ; third pair with a small white tip on the outer web.
Wmg 70 — 78 mm.
• Purin major zaijruu'icmis t^arudiiy & London, 0th. MunaUher. 1905, p. 108, is a clear sjuonyui of
hlanfordi, Parux mnjor ea»pUt», itl., bolonjrs probably also tu the same form.
( 409 )
11. Parus major planorum t^nbsp. nov.
Like P. m. caschmireiisis, of the same pale grey on the iiiii)efside, ami the
white in the tail of about the same extent, bnt i-onsiilerably - smaller ! AV'iug
64 to 68, and occasionally even 69 mm.
Type: No. "'N-J. 201," Ronth Punjiib, collected by the late Lieut. E. W.
Cleveland. In the Tring Museum.
This interesting form inhabits the plains of Northern Lidia : Punjab,
Rajputana, probably south to the Viudhya Range.
1-. Parus major mahrattarum subsp. nov.
Mnch darker and somewhat more bluish above than 7, 8, U, lO, 11. The second
2)air of rectrices from outside with less white, as the black on the basal half of
the inner web reaches the shaft, and the outer web is generally black for more
than half its length, though sometimes white with black base and border to the
outer web. The central j)air of rectrices, which are entirely grey, or grey with
a narrow central line, in 7. s, 9, 10, are black, with only a grey border to the
outer webs. The bar across the wing is generally white. Wing about 60 to 74 mm.
Type in the Tring Museum, No. 182, Ceylon 1. x. 1868, E. Holdsvvorth coll.
Inhabits the Indian Peninsula, from the Vindhya Range southwards, and
Ceylon.
13. Parus major cinereus Vieill.
Himalayas to Suuda Islands.
I cannot find differences between the birds inhaliiting the Himalayas from
Simla to Butan, those from Assam and Western Rtirma, and those from .lava,
Borneo, Bali, Lombok, Flores to Alor. All these differ at a glance from
P. m. mahrathiram in having the central pair of rectrices dark grey, with a
black line along the shaft. They are also smaller. Wing abont 62 — 67'0 mm.
Terra, tijpka : Java.
14. Parus major haiuauus subsji. nov.
Hainan.
Only distingnishcd from cinereus by its smaller sii^e (wing only ill to 64,
rarely to 66 mm.), and considerably larger, esijecially mucli longer, bill. As a
rnle the amount of white in the second jjair of rectrices is greater than in cinereus,
bnt this is not cjuite constant, as some si)ecimens have less white.
Type, No. 58, Hainan, 18. xii. 19o2, S, collected by Mr. Katsumata, of
Japan, who sent 15 adult specimens from various parts of the island. (( 'f.
Hellmayr, ././. 0. 1901, p. ISO.)
15. Parus major commixtus Swinli.
South China to East Tenasserim and Upper Burma.
Upper back olive-green, wing about 65 to 70 mm. The extent of the
olive-green colour varies somewhat, and is sometimes very small. In worn
specimens it is sometimes obliterated. The astonishing statement of Mr. Gates
{Fauna of Brit. India : BinU, I., p. 47) that in Southern China both minor and
atricejjs (as Mr. Oates is pleased to call the form correctly named cinereus) are
33
( 500 )
found is without fouudatiou. I quite agree with Mr. Dates that there are " no
grounds for the supposition that interbreeding between minor and cinereus'^ tnkes
place and produces an intermediate race named conimixtus ; but I canuot either
admit that this has been " generally supposed." The wild theory that the form
commixtu8, inhabiting an area which is probably larger than Germany, France,
and England together, consists of hybrids between minor and cinereus, has been
ventilated thoughtlessly, but was certainly not " generally supposed " I In fact,
all sjiecimens from .South China are, of course, commixtus, only what to the
superficial observer seems to be minor (because somewhat, though by no means
(jnite, similar in colour, but much smaller) is typical commixtus ; and specimens
in which the olive-green on the back is somewhat obscured or abraded have been
erroneously said to be ci/ieretis. Such errors would be avoided if writers would
more carefully study the facts exhibited by a series of skins, and consider their
geographical distribution, instead of starting groundless theories.
Terra fi/jjica : Tingchow, S. China.
16. Parus major okinawae Hart.
Okinawa, in the central group of Kiu Kin Islands.
Of the same small size of commixtu.'<, but the back is bluish grey, only the
upper back, towards the nape, is washed with olive-green. To this form belong
tlie specimens erroneously quoted as commixtus from the Loo Choo Islands.
Whether oliinaicae occurs also on other islands of the Rin Kiu or Loo Choo archi-
jielago is not yet known, but it is not improbable that other islands of the group
are inhabited liy similar but distinguishable unknown forms. In the southern Loo
Choo islands (Ishigaki) occurs Varus niijriloris HeJlni. 1900 { — stejyieyeri Bangs,
1901). This is a very distinct form, and we may perhaps hesitate to join it as a
snbspecies to the major group, though the question of its relations to major must be
considered when we have made sure whether any other form of the group is found
ou Ishigaki or not.
17. Parus major tibetanus Hart.
Although only a single male is known, it is not possible to unite this specimen
with any of the known forms. The type is a very poor skin, but the great
amount of white in the tail (outermost rectrix quite white, second white with a
slate-coloured border to the inner web only, third with much white on the
outer and a white cuneiform patch on the inner web), the strongly curved culmcn
and long wing separate it from minor, with which it agrees in the green ujiper
back and grey rump, and in the colour of the undeiside.
Terra ti/pica : Chuksam, Tsongpo Valley, Tibet.
(Type collected by Colonel G. A. Waddell).
Cf. Lief. III. of Vi)g. pal. Fauna.
18. Parus major minor Temm. and Schleg.
Ussuria, Amurland, Manchuria, N. (y'hina, Corea, and northern Jajiane.se
islands : Yesso, Hondo, Kiushiu.
Much larger than commixiusj and the cohnirs lighter, brighter.
Terra typica: Ja]ian.
Cf Lief. III. of \'iiiiii iler pal. Fauna.
( 501 )
The genus LULLULA.
1 ciiiuiot hell) recognising this genus. The Wuodlaik is neitiier a Crested
Lark nor a Skylark. If we do not recognise the genus Ltdlula we must unite
Alaiif/a and Giilfriila. I have not been able to come to a final conclnsion
abont the subspecies of Lullula arborea, but probably at least three or four
are recognisable.
( Jf. Vofj. pal. Fauna, p. 242.
The genus ALAUDA.
It seems to me unavoidable to separate specifically ^1. arre/tsi.i and ^1. i/'/l</tih.
A form of each seems to inhabit parts of Inner Asia, and the two are sufficiently
distinct to keep them separate. The subspecies of the Skylarks are difficult,
and much unnecessary difficulty has been created by the unscientific proceeding
of Mr. Ehmcke, who gave names to a dozen supposed new forms, disregarding
former literature, geographical distribution, and the fact that closely allied sub-
species should never be named from live specimens. By accident one or two
names of Ehmcke will stand : The West Siberian race, though very near
to the South European rantairlla, is smaller and more greyish, and must be
separated under Ehmcke's name cinerca. It breeds in West Siberia, but winters
at the foot of the Caucasus, in Tunis, Algiers, Egypt, etc., where it is generally
confounded with cantarella. Many specimens from E. Persia and Baluchistan
are more light brownish sandy than cinerea. These seem to be breeding tlierc (?;
and may be separable from the AV. Siberian race. In that case Ehmcke has
provided two names, schack and behuUcliistuna.
I have not been able to examine a good series of the Skylark which is
said to breed on the alpine meadows of the Himalayas. It looks so much like
the W. Siberian form (, I. arrensis cinerca') that 1 have not separated it.
Another form abont which I could not come to a decision is one which
appears during migration in Sikkim and other places in the Himalaya. It seems
to be the form which breeds in the mountains of West China and East Tibet, and
which has been named by Bianchi Alauda iiiopiiiata {Accji Przi'walManan. ]). 33iS).
The genus EREMOPHILA.
An enormous time has been sjient over the genus Knmopkilu, or Otocori/x,
as it is generally called. I have studied the very large material in Tring, the
series in the British Museum, a number of specimens from the Petersburg
Museum, kindly lent by Dr. Bianchi, and specimens from the museums iu
Berlin, Sarajevo, Liverpool, and Nieder-Ingelheim. In his work on the genus
BIr. Oberholser separates twenty American forms. While the majority of
these are very easily recognisable, it is impossible to recognise some of them
from Mr. Oberholser's descriptions and with a small series only. Much as I
admire Oberholser's elaborate work, I cannot help thinking that he has gone
too far in a few cases. I agree with him, on the other hand, that the arctic
North American form must be called J'l alpcstris aljiestris, and that it is ditl'erent
from the arctic European one, which must be named E. alpestris Jlavu. L'f. 1 'bq.
pal. Fauna, p. 255.
( b02 )
1 do not thiuk that there is sufficicut evidence thul two t'uruas of Homed Laiks
breed regularly in the same area, and I jiropose therefore to call all forms by
trinomials, as local forms of one species. One of the most distinct forms is telenc/iowi,
though Sharpe quoted it as a synonym of elivesi. Other very distinct forms are
Bianclii's jir^eicals/t// and kliamensU, while his i/wntaiia is more difficult to
recognise, and its distribution is not clear.
The most misleading and erroneous remarks on the genns are those by
Seebohm in the Ibis, 1884. They only show that the anthor had not understood
the forms about which he wrote at length {elwesi, lomjirostris and hrandt't).
Dr. Sharpe {Cut. B. xiii.), while admitting them as distinct races, mixed np
their distrilmtiun, and united with elurxi the beantifnl tdc^icliotci. K. a. pcnicilhita,
balcanica and idhniula, though united by Bianchi, are separable, and 1 liave
explained their differences on pp. 261 and 203 of my Viig. pal. F'.ikim.
Ou AMMOMANES SAMHARENSIS and ASSABENSIS.
On p. 224 of my 17'//. d. pal. Fauna, in a footnote, I said that ,1. sam/iarcii.'<is
Shell, from Auiba in tlic mountains of Abyssinia, and A. agsabi/t.s/.s Salvad.
from Assab on the Abyssinian, or rather Danakil, coast, were " identical." This
is an absolute error, as I have seen from comparing the types of the two forms.
Count Salvadori has already pointed out the dift'erences in a note in the Ibis,
and I need not, therefore, repeat them here.
On GALERIDA.
My treatment of the forms of the genus (julcrida, of which I recognised
twenty-two as subspecies of G. ciistata and nine as subspecies of G. tkc/dae, has
been looked upon in various lights by various ornithologists. If it has been
said that my diagnoses were not very satisfactory, then I have not much to answer
to this. I admit that it is not always easy to diagnose very closely allied forms,
and I hope that others will try to give better descriptions ; if my critics conclude
from m\' descriptions that the forms which I luive recognised do not exist,
then I must object, because it is illogical to say that a form is poor because
my descrij)tion is poor. Let my critics spend as much time over Crested Larks
as I have done, and let them examine the same or more material, and they will
probably learn something more and criticise me more justly, with more common-
sense, if at all. They will then find that I have not recognised enough forms :
jirobably there are after all two reddish-sandy subspecies in Central Tunis,
and Erianger's ilnichlcri can be recognised ; but at present there is not sufficient
evidence. Kleinschmidt has created ^^ Galcrida .■sc/tlilteri." * Dr. Bianchi (Aves
Frzeiculskiaiaie, p. 347) doubts whether the forms from variously coloured soil are
" geographical " forms. Let us say " local " instead of " geographical " forms, and
we may be more correct,— but there is no evidence that the variously coloured
forms are entirely produced by the soil ou which they live, and that they are
repeated alike where the soil is similar. This is, in fact, not the case, because
the sandy deserts of various countries are not inhabited by entirely similar forms I
* Oi-n. MinuitifhL'r. lltOI, p. 196. '* Stchlgenau in dcr I\Iille zwisclicn (tiikrida thckUw n-Utnifc/-it thckUui
1h-:l:l<tc anil thcklae hartcrti.'' Is this not a numon nu<luni / Where is the exact niitldle between
t r,c furms?
( .503 )
The isolation and separation has j)rodnc-eil other difFerences — viz. size of wings
and bills, and even the colonr is nowhere qaite the same in isolated areas, thouich
it closely corresponds to that of the snrronndings. I hoi>e to illnstrate tliis
more exjilicitly wlien I have been able to bring together in the Triiig Miisncni
series from various districts, with sam])les of the sand or soil they live on. In
which way this assimilation to the soil takes away from the valne of these sub-
species, is incomprehensible to me. The local forms (snbspecies) are of conr>p
tlie jirodncts of the country they inhabit, but we do not as a rule know the
causes wliicli have j)roduced them. In many cases it is api>arently nothing bnt
isolation, and the isolated development of certiiin characters; in others ajiparently
climate, amount of rainfall, food, etc. ; in others again the colonr of the surroundings,
and this is more especially the case in ground-birds, which are assimihitcd to
the soil, rocks, steppe, sand, etc., which they inhabit. How this assimilation
took place we do not, at present, fnlly understand, but we must carefully study
and fix these varieties Ijefore we attemjit to explain tliem.
DESCRIPTIOX OF TWO NEW BIEDS DISCOVERED BY
MR. O. T. BARON IN NORTHERN PERU.
By G. E. IIELLMAYE,
IX \'olume 11. of the Xovit. Zool., pp. 1 — 22, the late Mr. Salviu wrote an account
on the first collections made by Mr. Baron in Northern Peru, but about the
fuitbor consignments no full account lias as yet been published. Among the birds
sent by JNIr. Baron to the Tring Museum there are two more new forms, which may
be described as follows : —
Thripophag'a berlepschi n. sp.
^. Forehead and crown, as well as rump and upper tail-cox-erts, pale olivaceous
brown, the latter slightly tinged with rufous ; nape and back bright cinnamon-rufous,
in strong contrast to the colour of the head and rump. Upper wing-coverts bright
cinnamon-rufous, the middle and greater series blackish on the inner webs. (Juills
blackish, einnanion-rufous on the outer webs, tertials on both webs; tail uniform
cinnamon-rufous, a trifle paler than the back. Lores dirty whitish, cheeks iind ear-
coverts jiale brown, faintly washed with einnamou ; round the eye, especially above,
there is a slight whitish admixture ; sides uf the neck and chest bright cinnamon-
rufous, throat and chin decidedly jialor and more cinnamon-brownish ; breast and
abdomen pale oli\aceous brown, the under tail-coverts pale fulvous brown ; axillaries
cinnamon-rufous, under wing-coverts ochraceous, quill lining rusty bufif. Basal lialf
of the ujijier mandible horn-coloured, apical half and the lower mandible whilish.
Wing 77 ; tail 87 ; tarsus 23 ; l>ill 16J mm.
Type: c? ad. Leimabamba, N. Peru, Id.OOOfl. clev., July 13tli, 1H9-4. (). T.
}5aron coll. " Eyes orange."
This fine new species is qnitc unlike any (illier member of the genus in
( 504 )
coloration. It needs only comparison with T. fiificirepfi Sol. from Bolivia, with
which it agrees in having the forehead and crown uniform pale hrown. It diflfers,
however, from the Bolivian species by its much longer and rather narrower liill,
bright cinnamon-rufous (not pale buffv brownish) back, chest and sides of the neck,
considerably darker rufous colour on wini;s and tail, fulvous-brown crissnm, etc. From
T. erythroplhalma (Wied) and T. ferrti/)ineigula (Belz.) (= sclateri Berl.) it is at
once known by its cinnamon-rufous back and by having no rufous whatever on the
top of the head, etc.
I take great pleasure in naming tliis species after my friend Count Berlepsch,
to whom I owe so much of my knowledge of neotropical birds. Tlie Count has seen
the type, and agrees with me that it represents quite a distinct species.
Unfoi-tunately, Mr. Baron sent only one specimen of this interesting form,
which adds a new genus to the Peruvian avifauna.
Diglossa pectoralis unicincta n. subsp.
Similar to D. pectoralis pectoralis Cab. from Central Peru, but at once known
by lacking the milky white breast-band, and in having the chestnut of the crissum
extended over the middle of the lower bidlv.
Upper sm-face, including wings aud tail, glos.sy black, except rump and upper
tail-coverts, which are slaty-grey. Sides of the head and throat deep black, but
without any gloss ; broad mystacal stripe white, across the foreneck a broad pale
chestnut band; crissum and middle of the lower abdomen also pale chestnut, rest
ot uuderparts deeji black. Axillaries and under wing-coverts white. Thighs black.
Bill black.
Type in Mus. Tring : cJ ad. Levanto, Northern Peru, 9000 ft. elev., November
13th, 1894. 0. T. Baron coll.
Wing 71 ; tail 62 ; bill 13i mm.
In addition to the type, there are two adults and one young in tlie Tring
Museum, and the British Museum contains three specimens. All were collected bv
Mr. Baron in October and November 1894 near Levanto, and are exactly alike in the
characters pointed out.
This new form might almost be considered a distinct species, but since it evidently
represents D. pectoralis in North I'eru, it is better treated as a sub-species.
( 505 j
ANOTHER NEW BABBUS FROM MOROCCO.
By G. a. BOULENGER, F.R.S.
MR. RIGGENBACH, who has added miicli to onr knowledge of the fresh-
water fishes of Moroeeo, has recently made a small collection in the
Wed Ksib, containing, along with AnguiUa i-ulgaris and Jiarbiis cfiUfnais,
examples of a new species wliich I propose to name
Barbus ksibi.
Depth of body 31 to 4^ times in total length ; length of head 3J to 3J times.
Snont obtusely pointed, li to 2^ times as long as eye; diameter of eye, 4 to
0 times in length of head; interorbital width 2;\ to 2i times ; mouth inferior, its
width \ to f length of head ; lips well developed, interrupted on the chin ;
barbels, two on each side, equal in length, H times to twice diameter of eye, longer
than the distance between them. Dorsal III 7 — 8, last simple ray moderately
strong, serrated at the base, A to | length of head ; free edge of the fin convex ; its
Barliiis Itsibi, J- natural size, with upper \iew of head and detached third dorsal lay.
distance from the occiput equal to or slightly less than its distance from the
caudal fin. And III 5, longest ray | to f length of head, reaching root of caudal
or a little beyond. Pectoral abont '4 length of head, not reaching ventral ; latter
a little shorter, below anterior rays of dorsal. Candal peduncle about IJ as
Ion"- as deep. Scales 41—40 If^^f, 4 between lateral line and ventral, 18 or 20
i .7 0.7
ronnd candal peduncle. Brownish above, white beneath ; fins white. Several
specimens, measuring from 100 to 220 mm.
This species is closely allied to ]i. sctiiimensis, but easily distinguished by
the convex shape of the dorsal fin and its weaker spine.
( 506 )
NOTE ON A PECULIAR SECONDARY SEXUAL CHARACTER
FOUND AMONG GE031ETRIBAE AT THE SENSORY
ORGAN SITUATED AT THE BASE OE THE ABDOMEN.
By KARL JORDAN.
IT was in ISii."), I think, wlieu I first jjave an ojiinion on tlie abdominal sensory
organ referred to in the beading of this note, bnt quite jirivatel}*. An
Australian bad returned to London witli a collection of insects. Among the
Lepidoptera there were some of those well-kuown Australian Af/aristiflae which
bear in the male a stridulating organ on the wings, the sound being produced by
pressing the tarsi against the ribbed scaleless areae of the wings when in motion.
I asked the collector if he had ever noticed the sound made by these insects. " Oh
yes," he said: " 5 on can hear it twenty yards off. It's quite a load tse-tse-tse-tse."
And, picking up a specimen, he added, " Here is the hole they do the whistling
with," pointing to the first abdominal segment, which has the appearance of being
pierced by a round channel from side to side. " Oh, no," I replied ; " you are showing
me ii. female, which does not whistle: these ladies don't. Look at the difference in
the wings of the two sexes. That transjiarent space there in the male is the
whistling organ. This hole is present in both sexes, as yon see." And, taking
ranch for granted, I continued, with a confidence worthy of a priest who is trying
to convince a layman of the truth of some dogma, " That hole is an ear."
The existence of the basal abdominal sensory organ in various families of moths
is well known (Guenec, Sharp, Swinton, etc.). When studying the Ayaristidae in
ls95, and the Ihjpsiidae { = Aganai<lae) in 1895 and 1896, I was much struck by
the diverse development of the structure in these two families. To understand the
difference, I comj)ared these organs in other families, and found that the moths can
be grouped aci-nrdin.i; to the develoiimeut of this organ. For lack of time I have
not been able to complete the researches so far that they can be presented to the
scientific public. But I hope to find now and again an occasion to draw the
attention to some of the ]-eciiliarities of this organ with its kettle-drums and
accessory structures. I f)nly mention to-day that tlie Lepidoptera can be classified
into three groups : —
(1) The families which are devoid of the organ : here belong all the Butter-
flies, the Notodontidae, Cerfitocum/iiilKe, Saf/'riuidae, Siphlngidae, Bomhijeidae,
t'ossidne, Aegeriidae, etc.
(2) The families in which the cavity lies underneath tlie pleura of the first
abdominal segment, the pleural plate being usually ranch swollen, and the edge of
the month of the cavity being more or less vertical : here belong the H>/psidac
{ = Aganaidae), Arctiidac, Sgntomidae, Soctiiidae, Agaristidae, etc. In the
Agaristidae there is an interspace between the tergite of the first abdominal
segment and the pleural i)lates ; the two cavities thus formed, one on each side of
the body, are separated in the mesial jilaue of the body by a vertical transparent
( 507 )
membrane. This tunnel is large in snmc genera (^Anii/role/iidid, for instance),
and (Mmparatively small in others. It is rntlimentary among Noctiiidai'.
(3) The ttimilies in which the cavity lies nnderneath the pleura of the second
abdominal segment ; the pleura of the first segment is small and longitudinal, being
placed above the cavity. This is the case, for instance, in Geometridae, Uraniidae,
and Pi/ralidac.
I shall have to refer in another place to the taxonomic value of the organ
under discussion. However, one set of characters I think deserves special mention.
The organ itself is not glandular, but has in several families been taken into the
service of glands restricted to the male se.x. Such a secondary sexual character
occurs widely among Geometridac (to which family I confine my remarks) in
connection with the development of a scent-organ situated in the hindtibia. This
tibia is swollen in the males of many species, bearing on the inuerside a deep
slit, from which projects a brush of long stiff hairs wlien the slit is open. The
brush is the distributor of the scent produced by special glands in the tibia,
such a brush of hairs being commonly found in Lepidoptera in connection with
scent-producing glands. Now, in these males the npper proximal angle of the
Explanation of Figuke.
MR = me.<onotum; MT = metanotiun ; C = hiadco.x.a ; P'= pleura of firist. abdominal se^^niont. bearing
the first .stigma ; F-
sesment.
r pleura of seeond segment, bearing the scconcl stigma ; S^ = sternitc of second
sternite of the second abdominal segment (Fig., R-) is produced into a sjiino-like
process which projects free over the cavity of the sensory organ. Tlie hindtibia of
the insect lies against this process, and from the position of the scent-brush there
can hardly be any donbt that the process is employed to spread the brush out
l)y the tibia being rubbed against it. In fact, when holding a live Bo'irmia by
tiie wings, the working of the hindtibia against the spine and the spreading of
the brush can be observed. The process occurs apparently only in Geometridae.
It is sometimes long, sometimes short, and may be strongly chitinised or may be
very weak. One finds such different ]ihyletic stages of develojiment in closely
allied species, and it appears to me probable that very often in near allies the
process has been lost with the reduction or loss of the tibial scent-organ in some
species, and preserved together with the scent-organ in other species. Another
i|uestion naturally presents itself: docs the process occur in all the species of
Geomrtridae of which tlie hindtibia beacs a scent-organ in the male 'f So far, \
( 508 )
can only say that I havo not fonnd a species provided witli tlic seent-organ and
devoid of the sjiinc. But, considering that tlie s])ine is, at least in my ojiinion,
a development secondary to that of the scent-organ, one mnst expect to meet with
mules which possess the tibial scent-organs, Irat have not aci|iiinMl the s]iri:i(liiig-
rod, possessing jierhaps some other arrans'ement instead.
NOTE ON MACBOFUS EUFTJS DESM., WITH DESCKIPTlON
OF A NEW SUBSPECIES.
By Hon. WALTER EOTHSOHILD, Pn.D.
JITACROPUS RUFUS has for a long time been the favourite Kangaroo of ai.tlmrs,
both from its gigantic size^ when adult, and also from its beaut v. It is
tlierefore more than strange that no one seems to have separated it into subspecies
(or geograpliical races), as has been done with the other large kangaroos. Thi-; can
only be attributed to the fact that the bulk of the specimens of M. riifiis reach us
alive, and the locality they come fi-om is in most cases not ascertainable.
T have long had in my museum a gigantic male specimen of a form of this
kangaroo, which puzzled me for a long time, because it had none of the rich red
colour of the <S of M. rufus, but was coloured blue like a female. I have now alive
at Tring a large male with fully developed testes and as big as a M. rnnjor, though
far smaller than the mounted giant mentioned above. This animal is entirely blue,
or rather blue-grey, all over, except the chest and legs, which are reddish grey and
whitish respectively. The blue-grey is much darker than in most of the females of
Af. rufus I have seen. I have come to the conclusion that these blue-gi-ey animals,
which are of this 'colour in both sexes, come from those pai'ts of Austi'alia, both eaj-t
and west, to the north of New South Wales, and are a subspecies of M. riifiin, ili.>tinct
from the type. I therefore propose to distinguish them as a new suKspecies : —
Macropus rufus dissimulatus subsp. nov.
Similar to M. ni/ns riifus. but both sexes dee]) blue-grev, showing no reildish
colour in the male.
Size larger than that of M. rufiis rufus.
Total length (stuffed S , type) about 245 cm.
Head and body about 148; head, 23^; ears, 14i ; tail, 9(il ; hindfoot, 30 cm.
Habitat ? but shipyied from Xortli-'West Australia.
I may here remark that to ni}' mind ]Mr. Tunney's wonilciful find of Mncrojnix
hernardus has rather altered my views as to the value of cranial characters, in the
case of larger kangaroos and wallaroos, for the determination of species as opposed
to subspecies ; for ISIr. Tunney found two kangaroos, M. rohnstus (dlifiaioris Tbos.
and M. hernardus Rothsch., occurring together in one district, which, while externally
diiferent enough almost to be placed in different genera, have the skulls practically
indistinguishable from those of typical black Macropus robusttis. This would point
to the fact that possibly the four rufous forms considered to be subspecies of
.17. rohusius I ly Mr. Thomas — viz. J/, r. cervhius, M. r. woodivardi, M. r. )s<d/elli}uis,
and M. r. (illl(j(il(n"t8. may prove either quite distinct species, or else sulis]iecies of a
red species distinct from M. rohustus.
( .509
NOTES ON TWO KANGAROOS FROM THE "NORTHERN
TERRITORY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA," WITH DESCRIP-
TION OF A NEW SPECIES.
By the HON. WALTER ROTHSCHILD, Ph.D.
THROUGH the exertions of Mr. Bernard H. Woodward, of the Perth Museum,
a number of most interesting forms of the larger sjiecies of Maciopus have
been discovered or rediscovered, such as J/, antilopiniis and several forms allied
to M. rohustus. All these were found in Western and North-Western Australia.
Owing to the interest aroused by these discoveries, a number of living sj)ecimens
of these have been imported, and among them I have found a new form, and what
1 believe to be the long-sought Owen's Kangaroo, Macrojnis magnus Owen. In
Mr. Thomas's Catalogue of the Marsujiialia and Monotremataof the British Museum
M. magnus, known only from the tyjjc skull, is stated to be closest to M. rufus,
though the skull has remarkable differences. The kangaroo J am about to describe
is certainly near to M. ni/'us, and not a Wallaroo (^1/. rohustus subsp.). I will now
give a description of this very fine species.
Macropus magnus Owen.
Male adult (living) : Size of M. ru/'us. Hair short and very thick and woolly,
as in ^/. ru/'us, only more exaggerated. Whole of body deep mahogany chestnut.
Ears and face blackish, a band on shoulders and at the bend of thighs, forelegs,
hindlegs and anterior two-thirds of tail black. Size of M. rohustus.
Habitat : Northern Territory of South Australia.
Until we can examine the skull it is impossible to be certain that this is the
true Macropus magnus, but the probability is that it is really tiiis long-lost species,
because it is the only one of the recently discovered forms which is really close to
M. rufus.
I describe the new form as follows :
Macropus argentatus spec. nov.
Male adult : Basal half of ears, occi[mt, and hindneck, shoulders, and anterior
half of liody bright dark rufous, washed with pnri)le. Anterior half of ears, face,
forearms, lower ]iarr of hindlegs, and anterior half of tail blackish. Postcridr half
of body mixed with black hairs, giving tlie animal a dark roan appearance.
Female adult : Silvery grey all over, mixed with ashy grey, giving the animal
the appearance of a large Chinchilla ; lower flanks almost white ; anterior two-
thirds of tail yellowish grey. The young animal is pale grey with a slight shade of
red iu places. Hair in both sexes very long, thick, and silky.
Habitat : Northern Territory of South Australia. (Type living at Tring.)
This is decidedly a Wallaroo, and allied to M. robustus ; but again we cannot
decide until we examine the skulls as to its correct status, and so I prci'er to mime
it as a species. The name is given to indicate the colour of the female.
( 510 )
Tlie lainwii races of tlic Wnllaron are us inllows :
Macropus robitstus i-ohustus.
Queensland.
if. rohiiaf/is rerriiiuit Thomas.
Mnrrliison District, Soiith-Wcstcrn .\nstralia.
if. rohiintiis rnihi'.fCCiis 8clat.
E.xtronic Sontli and Sonth-East Australia.
.1A. rohuxt/iii (illiiintoris Tiinmas.
South xMligator Hiver.
M. robustifS tooodirnrdi Thomas.
Sonth-west part of Kimberley, North- West Anstralia.
if. rfl/jM.itiis h'ia/H'lliiiiis Gray.
Barrow Island, off West Anstralia.
( -Ml )
NOTES TO PLATE V.
By KAKL JORDAN.
Fig. 1. Xiudho»pilopteri/x axtori Jordan, So>:. Zuul. xi. p. 44;> (l'.Ml4) (Sierra
Leone). Besides the female fignred we liave now a male siieciuien,
also obtained by D. Cator at Sierra Leone. The pair shows the same
sexual difference as is found in A', poyijei Dew. (1879), to which catoii
is closely related. The first six abdominal tergites of this male are
not black alwve at the base as in the ?, apart from a small mesial
dot at the base of the second (and apex of .the first) segment. The
two black antemedian spots on the forewing of the ? are represented
in the S by an uninterrupted band which extends to near SM- ; the
subapical buff-yellow band is completely separated from the median
band, the black interspace being much wider than in tlie ¥ . The
forewing is paler yellow and the liindwing deeper red than in the ?.
Fig. •!. Ariii/rolepiilia aequalis intrgra id., I.e. xi. p. 446 (1904) (Choisenl). We
figure here a lai-gc ? from Isabel, the Choisenl and Isabel specimens
not being dilferent. Tiiis form looks very difl:erent from the forms in
which the white area of the hindwing is divided into two comparatively
small spots ; but we have all the iutergradations.
Fig. 3. i'uix tii/as-mim Bartel (I9i.K3) (Nyassaland). The species is ajipareiitly
common near Bihii in Angola, whence we have a good series obtained
by H. Pembertou iu 19U1 and by Dr. Ansorge in 19U3 and l'.iU4.
Fig. 4. Sindris mcujiiijica Jordan, Lr. xi. j). 417 (l'J04) (Angola). The two
specimens collected in 1875 by A. von Homeyer near Puugo Andongo
in Angola are yet the only ones we have. I)r. Ansorge did not meet
with this conspicuous Pyralid.
Fig. 0. l'st'it(lo.'<piris jucaiiihi id., Lr. xi. ji. 444 (1004; (Angola). Besides the
series of specimens found by H. Pemberton, we have now also a luimber
of individuals procured by Dr. Ansorge in the neighbourhood of Bihe,
Angola.
Fig. <J. JJHiyetia rediicta Uothsch. & Jord., I.e. x. p. 4S7 (19u;i) (Kulambangra).
This species has been found by A. S. Meek on Kulambangra (Hnbiana
group), Treasury and Bougainville. In some of the ? ? from the
last place the orange bands of the abdomen as well as the band on
the hindwing are nearly cas well developed as iu Isabel specimens of
B. splemlkla Butl. (18S7). Since ^plendida appears to be restricted
to Isabel, Gnadalcanar, Florida (and probably the other more southern
islands of the Solomons), rrducta and sjihutiUda may turn out to be
geographical forms of one species.
( 512 )
Fig. 7. Caprimima caendescens bougainullei : see p. 79 of this volume.
Fig. K Caprimima caemlescens isabella liotbscli. i*c Joi-d., I.e. viii. p. A'1'1 (I'JUl)
(Isabel) : see p. 70 of tliis volume.
Fig. 0. Caprimima caendescens mononis Jordan, I.e. xi. ji. 44,'; (19i)4) (Treasury) :
see J). 7y of this volume.
Figs. 1(1. 11. \->. Clerchia miles ojhilela: see p. 70 of this volume. The three
figures give the rauge of variation observed iu our series of i$. The
? ? are not ijuite so variable as the iS.
Fig. 13. Tlirretra polistratHS Kothsehild, l.r. xi. ji. 440 (1004) (Dinawa, Urit.
N. Guinea). The type was cdllectcd by Mi-. Pratt. The species lias
not been met with by A. S. Meelv, who was at too high an altitude
for Sphingida*.
Fig. 14. ItothsrhiUlia tucamcini Dognin (lunl) (Tueuman). Syn. : it. steinbachi
Rothschild, I.e. xi. p. 601 (1004) (Tacuman). We are sorry to have
redescribed this interesting little species. We have now also the
larvae, cocoon and chrysalis of it, collected by Herr .J. Steinbach. A
description of them will be given later.
Fig. l.j. Melanitis ansoryei Rothschild, I.e. xi. ]). 451 (1904) (Aruwimi Forest).
The two specimens procured by Ur. Ansorge in 1800 are the only ones
we have so far received. It is doubtless a forest insect, which easily
escapes notice.
Fig. 10. Ti(eita fi/omn/.-^is .Jordan, l.r. xi. p. 44.j (1004) (St. Thome). The metallic
markings of the forewing do not come out well in the figure.
Fig. 17. Uelias schoeithcrgi ckoiseuli Rothschild, I.e. xi. p. 4."):j (r.Hi4) (Choiscul).
Fig. 18. Rothia panganiea Karsch (LsOS). We have several specimens from
Nguelo, Usambara. The species is related to the Jlalagasy A', riaico
and alluaudi.
( 513 )
INDEX
abantis (Ceratophyllus). IiU.
abditaria (Pyrinia), 377.
abdorainaria (Oenoptila), fii
aberti (Sciurus), 156.
abonasia (Acraea). 181.
Abraxas, 13, 428, 429.
abyssinica (Papibo), 188.
Acadra. 401.
aoamantis (Ceratophyllus), l.'ifi.
Acanthis, 125.
Acanthodactylu.s, 76.
Aoantholipes, 25.
acara (Acraea), 179.
acasti (Ceratophyllus), 168.
Accipiter, 208, 249.
accipitrina (Asio), 113.
— (Stryx), 113.
accipitrinus (Asio),, 113.
— (Deroptyus), 269, 303.
— (Pionias), 303.
— (Psittacus), 303.
acene (Papilio), 189.
achillaena (Eurvphi-ne), 144.
achly.s (Euryphura), 147.
Acolutba, 426.
Acomys, 1, 4.
Acraea, 178-84, 454.
Acrotomodes, 365, 366.
actia (Otocoris), 20.
acuminatus ( Heteropygia), 202.
— (Tringa), 202.
acuta (Leuciacria), 46.3.
acutangula (Alois), 36.
acuticauda (Amadina), 238.
— (Poephila), 238.
addcndus (Cacomantis), 258.
adelica (Eupha«dra), 140.
adelina (Cymothoe), 149.
Adeta, 11.
admatba (Acraea), 178.
admiranda (Nopia), 40().
adusta (Otocoris), 20.
aeger (Ceratophyllus), 166-,S.
Aegialitis, 103, 201.
Aegotheles, 216, 217.
aegyptiaoa (Vulpes), 2.
aelyus (Papilio), 189.
aenea (Caprimima), 470.
aeneum (Dicaeum), 266.
aequalis (Acraea), 184.
— (Argyrolepidia), 511.
— (Neoscaptia), 471, 472.
aequatorialis (Cyelyrius), 495.
aequipennalis (Scoparial 444.
Aeschropteryx, 366.
aethiopious (Erinaceus), 2.
— (Lepus), 5.
aethiops (Acraea), 183.
— (Mycalesis), 175.
— (Papilio), 188, 190, 191.
affinis (Cacious), 279.
— (Cassicus), 279.
— (Eutamis), 162.
— (Melvus), 208.
— (Mierogonia), 373.
— (Oriolu.s), 241.
africana ((Jotui-nix), 92, 93.
afrioauus (Equus), 5.
Agama, 73.
agamedes (Papilio), 189.
Agathia, 420.
Agathiopsis, 421.
agilis (Ceratophyllus), 167, 168.
aglaia (Milionia), 468.
aglossahs (Crocab'a), 29.
Agraptoohlora, 384.
agrippinae (Ceratophyllus), 484.
Agrotis, 24, 439. 440.
ahalae (Ceratophyllus), 483.
Alauda, 122. 501.
Alavona. 32.
alba (Herodias), 107, 204.
— (Molacilla), 122.
albata (Neoscaptia), 470, 471.
alberti (Halcyon), 256, 257.
— (Heteropan), 475.
albertinae (Calliste), 273.
— (Calospiza), 269, 273.
albertisi (Delias), 449.
albescens (Blepharootonucua), 43)
34
514
albiapicata (lulocera), 434.
albibase (Macroglossum), 79.
albicans (Papilio), 185, 189.
albicauda (Herpestes). 2.
albiceps (Tephroclystia), 339.
albicollaris (Eutomopepla), 369.
albicoUis (Caprimulgus), 297.
— (Nyctibius), 297.
— (Nyctidromus), 297.
albida (Appias), 151.
— (Ypthima), 134.
albidata (Gelasma), 317.
albidiventris (Centropus), 257.
albifascia (Melanchroia), 349.
albifimbria (.\nisogamia). 421.
albigiila (Eremophila), .'502.
albigular s (Entomophila), 234.
— (Gerygone), 221.
albilunata (Bursada), 429.
albimacula (Desmobathra), 419.
— (Eumelea), 419.
albimorsa {.\nisoperas), 65, .367.
albina (Rhipidura), 260.
albinigra (Tithraustes), 316.
albipennis (Entorayza), 232.
— (Miraaletis), 383.
albiplaga (Orthoprora). 49.
albiradiata (Erateina), .344.
albirasa (Perizoma), 335.
albirostris (Galbula), 296.
albiscapa (Rhipidura), 222.
albistriata (Craspedosis), 431.
albistrota (Erebocldcira). 331.
albogularis (.U'cipitcr). 249.
— (.\stuv). 249.
— (Eurostopodus), 250.
— (Jlelithreptus). 235.
albomedia (Chalcosia), 476.
alboviridata (Comibaena), 386.
albula (Euryphura), 148.
Alca, 99.
Alcedo, 255.
alciope (Acraea), 184.
Alois, 36.
alcyon (Ceryle), 114.
Alcyone, 214, 255.
Alex, 417.
alexandrinus (.Aegialitis), 103.
algeriensis (Eunacces), 77.
algirus (Psammodi'omus), 76.
alicia (Acraea), 181.
alienaria (Chogada), 432.
A lie, 100.
alle (Alle), 100.
alleni (Porphyria), 96.
nUigator (Leucotreron), 195.
- (Ptilinopus), 194, 195.
alligatoris (Macropus), 508, 510.
alluaudi(Rothia), 512.
alpe.stris (Eremophila). 501.
— (Otocoris). 19, 20.
alterata (Pherotesia), 356, 357.
alternata (Microgonia), 373.
aluco (Syrnium),- 113.
amabilis (Dicallaneura), 463,
— (Malurus), 224.
Amadina, 238, 239.
amaiira (Ochj-ria), 333.
Amaurinia, 51.
Amauris, 129.
amazonicus (Formicarius), 292.
ambagifera (Emmiltis), 322.
Ainblychia, 14.
ambusta (.\philopota). 397-
— (Omi>halucha), 397.
Ameria, 341.
americana (Mareca), 109.
— (Troglodytes), 270.
amicia (Diestogyna), 145.
amicina (Diestogyna), 145.
Amraomanes, 502.
ammophila (Otocoris), 20
Ampelis, 295.
amphicede (Gymothoe). 148.
ampliflava (Leptaletis), 383.
ampliplaga (Bordeta), 429.
Amytis, 225.
Amytornis, 225, 226.
.Anabat«s, 279, 280.
analiplaga (.^graptochloia), 384.
Anapalta. 47. 327.
Anas, 108. 1U9, 205, 206.
Anemplocia, 344.
Anerastia, 30.
anerastiodes (Polyocha), 3l.
anerythra (Pitta), 259, 260.
angelica (Dacnis), 271.
anglorum (Puffinus), 99.
Angviilla, 505.
angulata (Sericosema), 361.
angulo.sa (llycalesis), 176.
angusta (Sauris), 12.
angustata (Elymnias), 129.
angnstca (Scoparia), 445.
angustimargo (Scoa), 315.
angustiponnis (Cimicodcs), 66.
ani (Crotophaga), 299.
.\niBodes, 45. 320.
Anisogamia, 421.
Anisopcras, 65, 366, 367, 370
annuligera (Eudulc), 341.
annulosa (.Amadina), 239.
— (Stictoptera), 2.39.
Anous, 200.
( 515 )
Anser, 110.
anser (Anser), 110.
Anseranas, 205.
ansorgei (Asterope), 136, 137.
— (Epiplema), 381.
— (Exelis), 409.
— (Melanitis), 512.
— (Mycalesis), 175.
— (Papilio), 189.
antalu.s (Deudori.x), 492,
Ant^pirrhoe, 327.
Antharmostes, 384.
Anthierax, 11, 12.
anthoides (Corythopis), 29:i.
— (Muscicapa), 293.
Anthus, 225, 236.
Antigone, 203.
antilopinus (Macropus), 509
antinorii (Acraea), 183.
— (Papilio), 187.
anynana (Mycalesi.s), 175.
aolae (Nasiterna), 254.
apecida (Acraea), 181.
aperta (Ephialtias), 313.
Aperusia, 328.
aphanes (Cacioiis), 279.
Aphilopota, 397.
aphrasta (Otncoris), 20.
aphrodit<= (Pani.s), 497, 498.
apia.5ter (Merops), 114.
apicepallen.s (Gonodela), 401.
Apliiclilora, 428.
Aplugomplia, 54.
Apocheima, 36.
Appias, 150, 151.
appro.ximans (Astur), 207, 208.
Apus, 115
apus (Apus), 115.
— (Pseudopus), 73.
Aquila, 110.
aquila (Fregata), 110.
aracari (Pteroglossus), 300.
— (Ramphastos), 300.
Aratinga, 301.
arborea (Lullula). .501.
areangelica (Dacnis), 271.
arctiata (Eudule), 341.
arctiea (Pratercula), 100.
arcticola (Otocoris), 20.
arcticus (Peromyscus), 167, 174.
Arctomys, 158.
arouata (Ana.s), 205.
— (Dcndrocygtia), 205.
Ardoa, 107, 108, 203, 204.
Ardeola, 107.
Ardetta, 107, 204.
Arenaria, 102.
arenaria (Calidris), 104.
.\renipsos, 32.
argentata (Ypthima), 134.
argentatus (Larus), 101.
— (Maeropu?), 509.
argenteus (Oracticiis), 230.
argentioeps (Philemon), 232.
— (Tropidorhynohus), 232.
argjnticincta (Opistlnxia), 55.
argus (Eurostopodua), 217.
Argyrolepidia, 473. 507, 511.
Argyronympha, 458.
Argyrotome, 346.
Arhodia. 9.
arhoatiodes (Schematorhages), 325.
ariel (Fregata), 207.
— (Rhamphastos), 300.
annitiana (Poephila), 238.
arquata (Numenius), 104.
Arremon, 275.
Artanius, 240.
arvensia (.A.lauda). 122, .501.
Arvicanthi.g, 4.
Asootis, 431.
a.siatica (Mycteria), 203.
— (Xenorhynchus), 203.
asinina (Epiplema), 380.
asinus (Equus), 5.
Asio, 113.
asochis (Mycalesis), 132.
assabensis (Ammomanes), 502.
assimilis (Malurus), 224.
— (.Mieroeca), 219.
^ (.Myrmecophantes), 58.'
Asterope, 136, 137.
asterope (Callyphthima), 177, 178.
— (Hipparchia), 177.
— (Ipthima), 176.
— (Ypthima), 176, 177.
astigma (Leuoula), 350.
— (Melanchroia), 349.
astrolabi (Pachycephala), 265.
Astur, 207, 208, 243, 249-51.
Asura, 469.
atalanta (Vanessa), 81.
ateraea (Melanchroia), 349.
Aterica, 138, 139.
Athene. 210, 252.
atlantica (.Agrotis), 439.
— (Plutonia), 84, 89.
itomaria (Tephroclystia), 392.
itra (Fulica), 95.
— (Pyriglcna), 290.
atrata (Cygnus), 204.
atriba.salis (Banisia), 410.
atricapilla (Motacilla), 118.
— (Sylvia), 80, 118. 119.
( 51(5 )
atriceps (Parus), 499.
aulas (Troglodytes), 270.
augarra (Herpolasia), 476.
aurantiaca (Euryphura), 147, 148.
aurantiata (Alex), 417.
aurantiiventris (Chloris), 127.
— (Ligurinu.s), 127.
aurata (Campylona), .312.
— (CrypsimoUvlIa). 427.
aureola (Euphaedra). 141.
aurieruda (Mycalesis), 17.5.
auriculatus (Heliothrix), 209, 297, 298.
— (Trochilus), 297.
auriflamma (8cea), 316.
aurita (C'onopophaga), 292.
— (Didelphys), 480.
auritus (Colymbus). 90.
— (Erinaceus), 2.
aurivillii (Diestogyna), 146.
australasiana (.\ntigone), 203.
— (Grus), 203.
australis (.\nthus-), 236.
— (Corvus), 241.
— (Coturnix), 195.
— (Eupodotis), 202.
— (Eurystoinus), 214.
— (Nyroca), 206.
— (Otis), 202.
— (Pulex), 479, 480.
— (Synoicus). 195.
.\uthyala, 311, 312.
Automolus, 279, 280.
auxilians (Isouhroiuodes), 372.
avarus (.\rctomys). 15S.
axillaris (Eianus), 208.
— (Falfo), 208.
Axiocenses, 493.
Axiodes, 407, 408.
Azanus, 494.
Azata, 433, 434.
Azelina, 65, 367, 36S.
azorensis (Turdus), 80, 116.
azorica (Columba), 80, 93.
azorious (Regulus), 80, 119.
bacchi (Ceratophyllus), 159.
badia (Metachrostis), 26.
badius (Herpestes), 484.
baeticus (Cupido), 22.
Bagodarcs, 358.
bailcyi (Soiurus), 168.
bailloni (Puffinus). 99.
balbina (Acraca), 178.
balcanica (Eremopliila), 502.
Ballantiopliora, .54.
baltcata (Callipia), 72.
balteata (Orthoprora), 49.
Banisia, 380, 410.
banksii (Calyptorhynchus), 212.
Barbarus, 182.
Barbus, 505.
barce (Eurj'phene), 144, 145.
baringana (Charaxes), 78.
Barnanlius. 213.
barombina (Diestogyna), 146.
basalis (Bursadopsis), 431.
— (Chrysococcyx), 218.
— (Cueulus), 218.
basideutata (.Sangalopsis), 349.
basiplaga (.\gathiopsis), 421.
— (Perizoma), 336.
bas.sana (Siila). 1 10.
batesi (Loma-spili.s), 36.
Bathilda, 238.
batis (Gruraata), 47.
Baza, 251.
becearii (Phlegoenas), 246, 247.
Belenois, 21.
bengalensis (Alcedo), 255.
benio (Papilio), 189.
bennetti (Corvus), 241.
— (Papilio), 18.5.
Beralade, 23.
Berberodes, 54, 346.
bergii (Sterna), 199.
berigora (Faleu). 208, 209.
— (leracidea). 208, 209.
berlepsclii (Thripopliaga), 503.
Ijornardus (Maoropus), ,508.
bibronii (.\gama), 73.
bichenowi (Stietopti^ra), 239.
bicolor (Bieyclus), 130.
— (Epiplema), 414, 415.
— (-Melanodryas), 220.
— (Mycalesis), 130, 131.
Bieyclus, 131.
bidentifera (Racheospila), 45.
bifasoiata (Pcratophyga), 13.
bifaseiatus (Gymnostinops), 269.
bimaculata (Ani-soperas), 366.
bimaculatus (Papilio), 189.
biocellata (Gathynia), 308.
bipennis (Eudule), 342.
bipuneta (Raparna), 25.
bisinuata (Emmiltis), 388.
blanfordi (Parus), 498.
Blepharoctenueha, 431.
Hoarmia, 507.
boarula (Motaeilla), 80, 120.
bodini (C'lirysotis), 198.
boetieus (Cupido), 494.
bolilsi(Pulcx), 479, 480.
bokliarensis (Parus), 497, 498.
( -^i: )
honasia (Acraoa). IRl.
hooliook (Niiiox), 210.
boosi (Papilio), 187.
Bordeta, 429.
borealfe (Tamias), 102.
boschas (.\nas), 108.
Botaurus, 108.
bougainvillci (Astur), 250, 231.
— (Caprimima). 79, 512.
— (Halcyon), 243, 256.
boweri (Pinarolestes), 228.
bowkeri (Stugeta). 493.
braehiata (P.saliodes), 50.
bracteatus (Dicrurus), 240.
braesia (Acraea), 180.
brandti (Eremophila), 502.
Branta, 110.
brasidas (Papilio), 191.
bra-siliana (Cercomaora), 289, 290.
brasiliensis (Momotus), 296.
— (Pitylus), 276, 277.
— (Tachyphonu.s), 274.
brassicae (Pieris), 439.
braziliensis (Tityra), 294, 295.
brevipes (Heteractitis), 202.
— (Totanus), 202.
brodiei (Monarcba), 262.
bromiua (Papilio), 188-91.
Bronchelia, 62, 63.
brontes (Papilio)', 188-90.
Brotogeris, 303.
Brotolomia, 440.
brownii (Platyi'enis). 213.
— (P.sittacus), 213.
bruijni (Zaglossus), 305, 306.
brunnca (Brotolomia), 441.
— (Colliiricincla), 227, 228.
— (Epiplema), 411.
— (Tanagra), 274.
brunneata (Haemalea), 322.
brunneoviridis (Ischnopteris), 359.
brunneus (Tachyphonus), 274. 275.
Bryoptera, 353.
Bucco, 296, 297.
Buceros, 258.
bulweri (Buhveria), 97.
— (Thalassidroma), 97.
Bulweria, 97.
Burgena, 472, 511.
Burhinus, 202.
BuTsada, 429-31.
Bursadopsis, 431.
butaria (Peridela), 405.
Buteo, 80, HI.
buteo (Buteo), 80, 111.
butleri (Tenaris), 454.
Butoiides, 204.
buxtoni (.\craea). 178
Buzara, 474.
cabanisi (Piaya), 298.
caberaria (Racasta). 310.
eabira (.Acraea), ISI.
cabrerac (Turdus), 116.
Cacatua, 211, 212, 254.
Caccabis, 92.
eaohinnans (Laru.s), 101, 102
Cacicus, 279.
Cacomantis, 218, 258.
oacta (Salamis), 135.
Cacyreus, 493, 494.
caecilia (Acraea), 180.
— (Heliconius), 180.
— (Papilio), 180.
caerulea (Cereba), 272.
— (Certhia), 272.
caeriilescens (Caprimima), 79, 512.
— (Cercomaora), 286, 288-90.
caerulous (Cyanerpes), 272.
oaesia (Mu.sicapa), 285.
caesiata (Entephria), 332.
oacsius (Laniu.s), 285.
— (Porphyrio), 96.
— (Thamiiomane.s), 285.
Caica, 302.
calceatu.s (Ceratophyllus). 481.
caledonica (Nycticorax), 204.
caledonicus (Nycticorax), 248.
calidata (Zanclopera), 438.
calidella (Ephestia), 30.
Calidris, 104.
callensis (Barbus), .505.
callicrossa (Chogada), 432
oallima (Delias), 462.
— (Milionia), 467.
Callipia, 72.
Calliste, 273.
Callyphthima, 176-8.
calodesma (Buzara). 474.
Caloena.s, 247.
Calopsitta, 212.
Calornis, 267.
Calospiza, 269, 272, 273.
Calyptorhynchus, 212.
Cambogia, 51.
campanella (Myrmothenila), 290.
Campephaga, 224.
Campephilus, 300. 301.
campestri.s (Sacccstomus), 481.
Camptogramma, 443.
Carapylona, 312.
canadensis (Loxia), 27G.
— • (Peromyscus), 166.
— (Pitylus), 276, 277.
( 61S )
Canaca. 0. 410.
canaria (Fringilla), 124.
— (Serinus), 80, 124.
canarius (Serinus), 125.
canella (Gymnancyla), 30.
Canis, 158.
canis (Pulex). 192.
canorus (C'uculu.s), 16, 114.
oantarella (Alauda), 122, ,501.
cantator (Hypocnemis), 290.
cantiaca (Sterna), 101.
cantor (Lamprotornis), 267.
— (Turdus), 267.
cantoroide.s (Calornis), 267.
canutus (Tringa), 105.
capnodiata (Ira), 372.
Caprima, 477.
Caprimima, 79, 470, 512.
Caprimulgus, 217, 297,
carbo (Phalacrocorax), 110.
cardinalis (Eos), 252.
— (Lorius), 252.
Carduelis, 125.
carduelis (Acanthis), 125.
— (Carduelis), 125.
cardui (Pyraraeis), 21, 81.
carnea (."Vrliodia), 9.
carneata (Euclysia), 67. 369.
— (Phyllodonta). 07.
carnepicta (Perizoma), 335.
Carphibis, 203.
Carpophaga, 196, 245.
Cartaletis, 34.
Cartellodes, 367.
carteri (Eremiornis), 226.
— (Philotis), 234.
caschmirensis (Parus), 498, 499.
caspia (Hydroprogne), 199.
— (Sterna), 199.
caspius (Parus), 498.
Cassicus, 279.
ca.ssius (Pseudonympha), 133.
oassus (Ypthima), 176,
casta (Cophocerotis), 341.
castanea (Herbita). 371.
castaneiventris (Monarcha), 262, 263.
castaneotliorax (Amadina), 239.
— (Munia), 239.
castanoptera (Dendrocincla), 281.
castanotis (Amadina), 239.
— (Taeniopygia), 239.
castanotus (Hemipodius), 195.
— (Turnix), 195.
castro (Thalassidroma), 96.
— • (Ooeanodroma), 96.
C'asuarius, 194.
Cataohrysops, 2"2,
catenigera (Epipleraa). 412.
catocalaria (Cnephora), 368,
catori (Metallospora), 39.
— (Xanthospiloptcryx), 511.
Catoria, 15, 432.
caudaeutus (.Sclerurus), 279.
— (Thamnophilus). 279.
Caulocera. 469.
cayana (Dacnis), 271.
— (Motacilla), 271,
— (Piaya), 298.
— (Tityra), 294.
cayanensis (Muscicapa), 293.
— (Myiozetetes), 293.
— (Pitylus), 276.
cayanus (Cuculus), 298.
— (Lanius), 294.
cayenncnsis (DendTocolapt«s), 282.
— (Porzana), 304,
Ceblepyris, 225.
cebron (Pieris), 151.
Celerio, 22.
Celeus, 301.
cenchroides (Cerchneis), 209.
— (Faleo), 209.
cenea (Papilio). 187, 189.
Cenochlora, 422.
Centropus. 219, 257.
centrostrigaria (Corcmia). 442.
Ceratophyllus, 153, 155, 1,56-74, 481-4. 488.
Cerchneis, 112,209,
Cercomacra, 286-90.
Ceroba, 272.
ceres (Euphaedra), 140.
Certhia, 272.
certhia (Dendrocolaptos), 282.
— (Picus), 282.
Certhiola, 272.
Certima, 66, 368.
cervina (Dacelo), 214, 215.
cervinata (Emmiltis), 389.
— (Hygrochroma), 371.
cerviniventris (Petroica), 221.
— (Poecilodryas), 221.
cervinus (Macropus), 508, 510.
Ceryle, 114.
Cerynia, 52. 53.
Ceyx. 255, 256.
chagrcsi (Xenocara), 242.
Chalcidcs, 77.
Chalcococcyx, 258.
Chalcophaps, 196, 246.
clialcoptera (Columl)a), 197-
— (Phaps), 197.
Chalcosia, 476.
chalyboocephalua (Jlonarclia), 223.
Charaaeleon, 77.
( S19 )
clianiaoleonis (Eroliochlora), 331.
Chamaita, 469.
Charadrius, 103, 201, 202.
Charagia, 478.
Charaxes, 78, 79, 4.51,4.52.
chariclea (Pieris), 4.'?9.
charIott<'nsis (Ceratophyllus), 172-4.
— (Pule.x), 174.
Charmosyna, 253.
Charmosynopsis, 2.53.
chartularia (Lomograplia), 348.
Chelidon, 120.
chelys (Gnophodes), 130.
Chiasmia, 433.
chibcha (Cyllopoda), 312.
Chilades, 496.
chilo (Acraea), 179.
chimacra (Troides), 448, 452. 460.
Chionopteryx, 382.
Chlamydera, 242.
ohiorargyra (Leucodesmia), 422.
Chloris, 127.
chloris (Chloris), 127.
— (Dioptis), 313.
— (Mylothris), 149.
Chlorochroma, 422.
Chloroclytis, 443.
Chloroctenis, 428.
Chloronerpes, 301.
chloropus (Gallinula), 96.
chloropyga (Certhiola), 272.
— (Coe.reba), 272.
Chogada, 398, 432.
choiseuli (Delias), 512.
chrapliowskii (Papilio), 189.
Chrotochlora, 317.
chrysaetus (Aquila), 110.
chrysippua (Danaida), 21.
chrysochlora (Clialcophaps), 196.
— (Columba), 196.
Chrysocliloroma, 421.
C'hrysococcyx, 218.
chrysodona (Colias), 142.
chrysolaema (Otocoris), 20.
Chrysophanu.s, 439.
chiysopteropygius (PsepUotus), 214
Chrysotis, 198.
Ciconia, 108.
cioonia (Ciconia), 108.
Cidariophanes, 359.
Ciraicodes, 66, 67.
Cincloi'hamphus, 225.
cincta (Doclia), 477.
— (Ptilinopus), 194, 195.
oinctus (Erythrogonys), 200.
cineraceus (LipauguB), 295.
cinerascens (Cercomacra), 286, 287, 289.
cinerascons (Gerygonc), 221.
— (Formicivora), 287, 288.
cinerea (Alauda), 501.
— (Ampelis). 295.
— (Ardea), 108.
— (Lathria), 295.
— (Neotoma), 167. 168, 174.
cinereiceps (Poecilodryas), 231.
cinereiventris (Myrmotherula), 286.
cinereus (Artamus). 240.
— (Parus), 497, 499, 500.
— (Poliolimnas), 198.
— (Porphyrio), 198.
— (Puftiiius), 97.
cinerosalis (Epischnia), 31.
Cinnyri-s, 267.
circeis (Acraea), 184.
circumdata (Acantholipes). 25.
— (Hylemera), 395.
circuniflexa (Plusia). 26.
Cirrhorheuma, 329, 333.
Cirrhosoma, 54, 55.
cirrocsphalus (Accipiter), 208.
— (Sparvius). 208.
Cisticola, 227.
citreogularis (Philemon), 232.
Clangula, 109.
clangula (Clangula), 109.
clarescens (Bathilda), 238.
elarus (Troglodytes), 270.
claudianus (Euryphura), 146.
Clemens (Gelasma), 317.
cleophontis (Pulex), 479.
Clerckia, 79, 512.
Climacteris, 232.
clytiaMyrmecophantes), 56.
cnejus (Lycaena). 495.
Cnemodes, 320.
Cnephora, 368.
c-nigrum (Agrotis), 439.
coarctata (Microgonia), 374.
coccineopterus (Ptistes), 212.
Coccoborus, 277.
Coccyzus, 114,298.
cookerelli (Rhipidura), 260.
— (Sauloprocta), 260.
coecata (Heterusia), 345.
coeciraaculalis (Scoparia), 445.
coeleb.s (Fringilla), 80, 122.
coelestis (Tanagra), 273.
Coelura, 41, 42.
Coenocalpe, 329, 330, 442.
Coereba, 272.
coerulea (Amaurinia), 51.
— (Coereba), 272.
coeruleodisca (Epiplema), 415.
coenilcopicta (Epiplema), 415.
( 520 )
coerulescens (Myrmotherula), 289.
cognata (Loxapicia). 68.
Colias, 142.
collertoris (Ceyx), 2.^5.
Collocalia. ll.i, 2.')9.
r'ollurioincla. 227. 228.
Collyriociehla, 22S.
colnia (Forinicariiis). 292,
colonna (Papilio). 189.
Colpodonta, 309.
Columba, 80, 81. 93-5, 19G-8. 217, 218, 244, 245,
247.
columbi (Heterusia), 53.
columbianu-s (Myiozetetes). 293.
— (Spermopliilus), 150, 159.
Colymbus, 96, 199.
Comatibis, 107.
Comibaena, 386.
oommaculata (Hetcrcphyra), 323.
commixta (Gonodela). 37.
— (Tricentra), 325.
commixtus (Parus). 499, .500.
nonchylata (Berberodes), 346.
concinna (Myiagra). 222.
concolor (Cartaletis), 34.
— (Dendroeolapte.s), 282.
concreta (Guiraca), 277.
condensaria (Pherotesia), 3,56, 357.
confusa (Leucode.sniia), 422.
conglomerata (Panthera), 56.
eonifera (.Josia), 314, 315.
conjunctiva (Bursada), 430.
conjungens (IschnopterLs), 59.
connectens (Rampliocelus), 274.
conniven.s (Ninox), 209, 210.
Conolophia, 382.
conon (Heterusia), 53.
Conopophaga, 269, 292.
consanguinis (Cymothoc), 148, 149.
conscitaria (Conolophia), 382.
consimilis (Bronchelia), 62.
consobrinata (Emmiltis), 322.
conspicillatus (Pelecanus), 207.
con.stantinus (Papilio), 186.
constricta (Burgena). 472.
contingens (Canipylona), 312.
continuata (.-Vlex), 417.
conturbata (Gonodela), 401.
Conuru.s, 301.
convergcns (Loxotcpliria), 14.
— (Ozola), 419.
— (Tephrina), 14.
Cophoceroti.s, 341.
Coracias, 127, 295.
corax (Corvus), 128.
cordatus (Uranothauma), 493.
Coremia, 442,
Cornifrons, 29.
corone (Corvus), 128.
coronoides (Corvus), 241.
cor.sandra (Cymothoc). 149.
corsus (Parus), 498.
Corvu.s, 128, 224, 241 243. 268.
Coryphoenas, 246.
Coiyphospingus, 278.
Corythopis, 293.
Cossus, 23.
costipunctata (Derambila), 383.
Cosyrabia, 27, 387,441.
Coturnix, 92. 93, 195.
coturnix (Coturnix), 92, 93.
Cracticus, 228-30.
Craspedia, 388.
Craspedosis, 431, 468.
crassirostris (Coryphoena=), 246
— (Turacoena), 24().
crassisquama (Ptychopoda). 2/.
— (Semiothisa), 64.
crassus (Meriones), 3.
Crax, 269.
crecca (.-inas), 109.
Creciscus, 304.
Crenis, 136. 137.
crenulata (Ira), 372.
crepusculata (Microgonia), 374.
cretata (Bryoptera), 353.
cretistriga (Epiplema), 412.
CYex, 95.
crex (Crex), 95.
— (Ortygometra), 95.
cristata (Fringilla), 278.
— (Galerida), 502.
— (Gymnoscelis), II.
— (Neoscelis), II.
— (Tanagra), 274.
cristatellus (Taoh3rj)honus), 275
cristatum (Sphenostoma), 231.
cristatus (Coryphospingus), 278.
— (Regulus), 119.
— (Tachyphonus), 274, 275.
Crocalia, 29.
crocea (Ephthianura), 227.
— (Ochroplutodes), 392
eroceata (Acrotomodcs), 365.
Crocidura, 491.
crocsaria (Melinoessa), 35.
Crotophaga, 299.
crucntus (.\stur), 207, 208.
oruorata (Phrygionis), 345.
cruralis (Cinclorhamphus), 225.
— (Megalurus), 225.
Crypsimetalla, 427.
Crypsityla, 321.
Cryptomcria, 120.
( ^^^ )
rrvptiir\is, 30.').
('tcni..<toolilora, 428.
Ctonophthalmus, 173.
r'tenopsyllus, 490.
cnoiillata (Fringilla), 27.S.
cuciillatu.s (Corvphospingiis). '27S.
— (Maeroprotocion), 77.
Cuciilus, 10, 114. 217-9, 258. 29S, 29!),
oujubi (Penelope), 304.
— (Pipile), 269, 304.
culicivonis (Gerygone), 220.
— (Psilopus), 220.
cuneata (Columba), 196.
— (Geopelia), 196,
ouneatus (Dendrocolaptes), 280,
— (GljT^horhynchus), 280,
cuneilineata (Tephroclystia), .■)'?,
Giipido, 22, 493, 494,
cupreata (Cerynia), 52,
curvilinea (Striglina), 411,
custodiata (Coenocalpe), 442,
— (Eubolia), 442,
cuyieri (Hystrix), 1, 4,
Cyanalcyon, 257.
cyane (Dysphania), 420.
cyanea (Cereba), 272,
— (Certhia), 272,
— (Coereba), 272,
— (Craspedosis), 468,
— (Guiraea), 277, '
cyancicoUis (Galbula), 296,
Cyanerpes, 272,
cyanescens (Cyanocompsa), 278,
cyaiieus (Cyanerpes), 272,
cyanicollis (Galbula), 296,
cyanocephala (DacnLs). 271,
cyanocephalus (Cuculus), 218,
— (Eudynamis), 218,
cyanochlora (Gharagia), 478.
Cyanocompsa, 277, 278,
cyanoides (Goccoborus), 277,
— (Cyanocompsa), 277,
— (Guiraea), 277, 278,
cyanops (Sula), 206.
cyanopus (Numenius), 201,
cyanotis (Entomyza), 232.
cybdela (Clerckia), 79, 512.
Cybolomia, 29, 30.
tlyclarhis, 271,
L'yclorhis, 271.
Cyclyrius, 495,
Cygnus, 204,
Cyllopoda. 312,
Cymatophora, 63. 64, 354,
Cymothoe, 148, 149,
cynorta (Papilio), 189, 191.
oypraeafila (Papilio), 189,
cyrnus (Papilio), 189,
cyiilops (Rliinopoma), 1.
Dacelo, 214, 215,
Dacnis. 271.
daedalus (Leueostioha), 139.
daira (Aeraea), 182.
— (Teracohis), 21,
dampieri (Astur), 251,
Danaida, 21,
danclielmanni (Jtonotriclitis), 133
dardanus (Papilio), 187, 189,
da,sarada (Papilio), 78,
l-lasyornis, 226.
Dasyurus, 490,
deceptrix (Nuinia), 69.
Decetia, 8.
decisaria (Chogada), 432.
decolor (Platypthima), 459,
decorata (Tricentra), 326.
degener (Isohnopteris), 360.
deichleri (Galerida), 502,
Deinoptila, 331,
delectaria (Catoria), 15,
deleta (Gonanticlea), 11.
Delias, 448, 449, 454, 461. 402, 512.
delicata (Syndromodes), 34,
delicatula (Strix), 211,
delimitata (Antepirrhoe), 327,
Dcraiegretta, 204.
demodocus (Papilio), 21, 185, 186, 189.
deraoleus (Papilio), 186,
Dendrexetastes, 269,
Dendrocincla, 280, 281,
Dendrocolaptes, 280-2,
Dendiocopus, 84. 114, 115, 280,
Dendrocygna. 205,
Dendrornis, 282, 283.
denotata (Isochromodes), 372,
dentata (Mycalesis), 175, 176,
dentatilinea (Holorista), 428.
denticulata (Hirasa), 396.
— (Hirasodes). 396,
— (Macaria), 434, 435.
dentilineata (Noreia), 419,
dependens (Bursada), 430, 431.
— (Racheospila), 45.
depressa (Oospila), 45.
Derambila, 382, 383.
derbianus (Taurotragus), 447.
derbyanus (Nj'ctibius), 297.
Deroptyus. 269, 303,
desmiata (Craspedosis), 468.
Desmobatlira, 419,
despecta (Obolcola), 400.
detexta (Bronchelia), 63,
Deudorix, 465, 492,
( 522 )
Diallactos, 283.
diaphana (Vitossidia). 47").
diaphora (Otocoris), 2(1.
Dicaeura, 236, 260.
Dicallaneura, 463, 464.
dichromata (Decctia), 8.
Dichromatopodia. 321.
Dicrurus, 240.
Didelphys, 480.
Diestogyna, HS, 146.
Diglossa, 504.
dilaccrata (Gathynia), 308.
dimidiatus (Ao(^niys). 4.
dimorpha (.\terica), 138.
Dioptis. 4.3, 311,313, 342.
dioptoides (Eudule), 341.
Diplopseustis, 29.
Diplopterus, 299.
Dipodillus, 1, 3.
dipsacea (Heliothis), 24.
Dirades, 42.
direeta (Nipteria), 56.
discata (Banisia), 380.
— (Bryoptera), 353.
— (Ochyria), 391.
discolor (Syngriodes), 309.
discopunctatus (Papilio), 189.
dLslooata (Psaliodes), .TO.
dispan-sa (Hainmaptera), 47.
— (Nipteria), 57.
disputaria (Tephrina), 28.
dissimilis (Eufhloris), 26.
— (Pergama), 375.
— (Psephotus), 214.
dissimulatus (Macropus), 508.
dissocia (Coelura), 41.
distincta (Bryoptera), .353.
dives (Delias), 461.
divisa (Hyphedyle), 43.
divisata (Stenalcidia), 358.
divisus (Ceratophyllus), 158, 159.
Doclia, 477.
docusdemo (Papilio), 185, 189.
dohertyi (Banisia), 410.
— (Deudorix). 492.
doleta (Cally[)htliima), 177.
— (Ypthima), 134.
dolomcna (Psoudaeraca), 137.
dolorosus (Lycaena), 495.
domestica (Columba), 94.
Donacola, 238, 239.
donaldsoni (Papilio), 188.
dongolana (Genetta), 2.
dopero (Appias), 150.
dorippae (Ceratophyllus), 484.
dorippus (Danaida), 21.
dorothea (Jlonotrichtis), 132.
dorothea (.My<'alesis), 1,32.
dorsalis (Malunis). 223.
— (Sylvia), 223.
dorsicristata (Nemoria), .34
dorsilinea (Tliahi-ssodcs), 10.
dorsispilota (Ephialtias), 313.
doubledayi (.\craea), 180.
doiigalli (Sterna), 101, 199.
Dromaeus, 194, 195.
drucei (Hypolimnas), 135.
drummondi (Microtus), 165. 171 4
— (Neotoma). 168.
drya.s (Rhipidura), 222.
duoorpsii (Cacatua), 2.")4.
dubia (.Aegialiti-s), 103.
— (Mycalesis), 132, 176.
dubius (Hypolimna.s), 135.
duperreyii (Megapodius), 244
Dupetor, 204.
duplex (Neocoenyra), 176.
duplicata (HeterephjTa), 323
duprasi (Pachyuromys), 3.
diirbani (Lachnoenema), 492.
Dysithamnus, 269, 284, 285.
Dysphania, 420.
Dystypoptila, 13.
echerioides (Papilio), 185, 189.
Echidna, 305, .306.
Eclectu.?, 253.
Ectropis, 37, 398, 399.
Edoliisoma, 264, 265.
cgina (Papilio), 180.
egrctta (Herodias). 107.
eichhorni (Myzomcla), 266.
Elanus, 208.
elegans (Dendrornis), 283.
— (Graucalus), 264.
— (Malurus), 224.
cleusis (Catachrysops), 22.
eliensis (Euryphenc), 145.
ellobius (Ctenopsyllus), 490.
Elodina, 463.
clongaria (Nipteria), 57.
clwesi (Ereniophila), .502.
Elymnias. 129.
Eniberiza. 122.
eraberizata (Grumata). 47.
Emblema, 239.
Emmiltis, 46, 321, 322, 388, 389, 391, 423.
Empidonomus, 293.
Emplocia, 344.
encedon (Acraea), 182.
— (Barbaras), 182.
— (Papilio), 182.
energumenos (Putorius), 158.
( .523 )
enoplinis (Troglodytes), 270.
cnotreft(Ergolis). 135, 136.
Entephria, 332.
enthymia (Otocoris), 20.
Entomophila, 234. 23.5.
Enlomyza, 232.
Eopsaltria. 231.
Eos, 252.
epaea (Plancma), 185.
epaphia (Appi,as), 151.
Ephemerophila. 395.
Ephestia, 30.
Ephialtias. 313, 314.
Ephthianura, 227.
Ephyra, 388.
Epiplema, 8, 42, 307, 380, 381. 411, 41(1.
Epirrhoe, 47, 327.
Epischnia, 31.
episcopus (Tanagra), 273.
eponina (Acraea), 181.
cpops (Upupa), U4.
Equus, 5.
Erafeina, 344, 345.
Erebochlora, 331.
Eremiomis, 226.
ereraita (Comatibis), 107
— (Megapodius), 244.
Ereraophila, 501, 502.
Ergolis, 135, 136.
ericydes (Pidorus), 475
Erinaceiia, 2.
Eriomastyx, 469.
Eriopygidia, 332.
Erithacus, 80, 117.
erithonioides (Papilio), 185, 186.
eriangeri (Galerida), 502.
Eromene, 31.
erosa (Xenimpia), 407.
Erosia, 42.
erubesoens (Maoropus), 510.
Erycinidia, 457.
erynnis (Phavaraea), 314.
erythrocercus (Anabates), 280.
— (Philydor), 279, 280.
Erythrogonys, 200.
erylhromelas (Loxia), 276.
— (Pitylus), 276.
erythroplithalmus (Coccyzus), 114.
erythroptcrus (Ptistes), 212.
erythropthalma (Thripophaga), 504.
erytbropygium (Edoliisoma), 264, 205.
erytlirorhynchos (Ramphastos), 299.
orythrosticta (Monarcba), 263.
— {Pomaroa), 263.
Esacus, 202.
esculenta (Collooalia), 259.
— (Hirundo), 259.
esculenta (Rana), 77.
esebria (Acraea), 184.
etorques (Astur), 2.50, 251.
eubagidaria (Emplocia), 344-
eubaphc (Pyrinia). 378.
Eublemma, 25.
Eubolia, 442.
euboliata (Coonooalpe), 329.
Euchloris, 26, 27.
Euclysia, 67, 369.
Eucocytia, 474.
Eucrostes, 384.
Eucymatogp, 339, 425.
Eudule, 341, 342.
Eudynamis. 218, 257, 258.
Eulabeornis, 248.
Eumacrodes, 322.
Eumeces, 77,
Eumelea, 417-9.
eumolpi (Ceratophyllu.s), 161, 163, 164.
Euomoea, 409.
Eupbaedia. 139-43.
euphorbi (Ceratophyllus), 165.
Eupileta, 362.
Eupithecia, 425.
Euploea, 4.54.
Eupodotis, 202.
Eiirhodia, 466.
Eiiroatopodus, 217, 259.
Euryphene, 143-5.
Euryphura. 146-8.
Eurystomus, 214, 254.
Eurythecodes, 37.
eurytus (Pseudacraea), 137.
Eustephanus, 20.
Eutamis, 162.
Eutomopepla, 369.
Euxoa, 24.
Euzophera, 30.
^varne (Teracolu-s), 22.
Everes, 494.
evonymaria (Therapis), 40.
Evotomys, 155, 164, 167, 172. 174.
ewingi (Ptilinopus), 196.
exeavata (Ripteria), 350.
exeellens (Bursada), 430.
excelsus (Parus), 497.
excisa (Saccoploca), 43.
exclusaria (Paradarisa), 399.
ExeUs, 409.
exigua (Laphygma), 24.
exilia (Cisticola), 227.
— (Malurus), 227.
expaiisa (Pseudacraea), 137.
exquisita (Rhodochlora), 320.
exsanguis (Epiplema), 412.
exsiccata (Synthimia), 25.
( r^'>^ )
extondata (Racasta). 310.
extensa (Kuphacdra), 141.
extemata (Pcro), 37(>.
extremata (Lomographa), .53.
eytoni (Dendrocolaptos). 283.
— ( Dciulroeygna), '2<)'y.
— (Dendrornis), "283.
— (l^ptotarsis). 2(1.").
falcata (Pachyccphala), 230.
— (Zanclopera). 4.38.
falcinellus (Plogadis). 203.
— (Tantalus), 20.3.
Falco, 112. 207-9, 2.') I, 2.')2.
fallax (Aplochlora), 428.
— (Ctenistochlora), 428.
— (Perizoma). 33.5, 336.
farinalis (P3'ralis), 444.
fasciata (Glyciphila), 234.
— (Holorista), 428.
— (Zeuzerodes), 41.
fasciatus (.\.stur), 207, 208.
fascinans (Microeca). 219.
fasciolata (Pcricyma), 24, 330.
Felis, 2.
felis (Cenochlora), 422.
— (Pulex), 192, 19.3.
feminina (Myiagra), 2(il.
ferina (Fuligida), 109.
feronia (Dipstogyna), 146.
ferrealLs (Nephopteryx), 30.
ferrocyanea (Myiagra), 261.
ferrugalis (Udea), 444.
femiginea (Cimicodes), 67,
— (Lophophaps), 197, 198.
ferrugineigula (Thiipophaga), 504
ficedula (Myrina), 492.
figulilclla (Ephestia), .30.
figurata (.\nisodes), 320.
— (Axiodes), 407.
— (Somatina), 391.
filaprac (Papilio). 189.
fimbriata (C'rypsimetalla), 427.
fimoaa (Eurythecodes), 37.
flaccida (Mesotliisa), 404.
flammca(Strix), 113,211.
flammifera (Ancmplocia), 344.
flava (Cinnyris), 267.
— (Crypsimetalia), 427.
— (Eremopliila), .501.
flavata (Neostega), 393.
flaveolata (Xantliyris), 310.
flavescens (Crocidura), 491.
— (Ptilotis), 234.
— (Smicrornis), 220.
flaviciucta (Pherotesia), 356.
flavirinctata (Entophria). 332.
flavicollis (Diipotor), 204.
Havida (.\ppia.s). 151.
— (Semiothi-sa), 363.
flavigaster (Microeca), 219.
Havigiila (f'hioroncrpes), 301.
— (.Myzantha). 233.
— (Picus). 301.
ilavigularis (Cliloroncrpcs), 301.
flaviguttata (Nco.stcga), 393.
flavilucens (.Anapalta), 327.
flavimargo (Dysphania). 420.
— ('lYicentra), 326.
Havinnta (Eiidule), 342.
flavipcctus (Niptcria), 350.
flaviprymna (Donacola), 239.
— (Munia). 239.
tlaviro.stris (ProccUaria), 97.
— (Puffinus), 97, 99.
Haviventcr (Arctomy.s), 158.
flaviventri.s (Sphecothercs). 241.
fiavoeellata (Heterusia), 345.
flavoeinctus (Mimetes), 241.
— (Oriolus), 241.
floccosa (Striglina), 7.
florenciae (Piczorhynchu.s), 263.
floresiana (.Alcedo), 255.
Horidana (Monarcha), 262.
Horidata (Bordeta), 429.
Huminata (Erateina), 344.
fluviatilis (Colymbus), 199.
— (Mycalesi.s), 175.
— (Sterna), 1(K), 101.
Formicarius, 292.
Formicivora, 287, 288.
fortunata (Scotorithra), 444.
fractifaseia (Psaliodcs), 51.
fractilinea (Psaliodcs), 51,
Fratercula, 100.
fraterculus (Dendrornis), 282, 283
Fregata, 110, 207,
frenata (Cinnyris), 267.
— (Nectarinia), 267.
frequentella (Scoparia). 446.
Fringilla, 80, 122, 123, 239, 278.
frontalis (Pitylus), 277.
frugiiegus (Corvus), 128.
fuciphaga (Collocalia), 115.
fuelleborni (Monotrichtis), 133.
Fulica, 75.
fulicarius (Phalaropus), 107.
fuliginosa (Apocheima), 36.
— (Dendrocinda), 280. 281.
— (Sterna), 101, 200.
fuliginosus ( Dendrocopus), 280.
— (Hacmatopus), 200.
FuUgula, 109.
( 525 )
fiilminia (Euryphura), 147, 148.
fulva (Hypolepis), 48.
fulvata (Azelina), 05.
— (Epiplema). 416.
— (Opisthoxia), 347.
fulvida (Azata), 433.
— (0-xyfidonia), 400.
fulvilinea (Epiplema), 413.
fulvipennis (Calornis), 267.
— (Lamprotornis), 267.
fulvitincta (Melinodes), 69.
fumida (Hammaptera), 47.
funiifascia (Tephroclystia), 340.
fumigata (Dendrociiicla), 280.
fumigatus (Dendrocolaptcs), 280.
fumigera (Epiplema), 381.
fumosa (Tithraustes), 316.
fumosata (Nipteria), 57.
fimebris (Mycalesis), 176.
fimesta (Chogada), 398.
furcata (Thalurania), 297.
furcatoides (Thalurania), 297.
furcatus (Trochilus), 297.
furvu-s {Troglod3rt«3), 270.
fusca (Mylothris), 149.
fuscata (Hypolepis). 48.
— (Polla). 70.
fuscioeps (Thripopliaga), 504.
fuaeicoUis (Triuga), 128.
fuscicosta (Penthophlebia), 352.
fuscifi'ons (Deroptyvis), 303.
fihscithorax (Victoria), 387.
fuscomarginala ( L)ie.stogyna), 145.
fiiscu.s (Larus). 102.
— (Pioiiias), 302.
— (P.sittacus), 302.
— (Totanus), 104.
fustula (Josia), 44.
gaika (Zizera), 496.
galactotes (Malurus), 226.
— (Megalurus), 226.
Galasa, 26.
Galbula, 296.
galeata (Hystrix), 4.
galene (Aterica), 138, 139.
Galeiida, 501, 502.
galcritus (Cacatiia), 211.
— (Eiist<>phaaus), 20.
— (Psittacus), 211.
gallienus (Papiiio). 191.
gailinacea (Hydralector), 202.
— (Parra), 202.
Gallinago, 105.
gallinago (Gallinago),
Gallinula, 96.
105.
gapped (Evutomys), 1.55, 164, 174.
garega (Asterope), 136, 137.
— (Crenis), 136, 137.
Garzetta, 107, 203.
garzetta (Garzetta), 107.
Gathynia, 308.
gausape (Euphaedra), 141, 142.
Gavia, 96.
gayneri (Pseudosterrha), 28.
Gazella, 5.
Geitonia, 370.
Gelasma, 317, 318.
gelatina (Anapalta), 327.
Geloehelidon, 199.
geloniea (.-ieraea), 183.
geminipuncta (Azelina). 367.
— (Thysanocraspeda), 309, 310.
Genetta. 2.
genibarbis (Thryothorus), 271.
gentilus (Mus). 4.
Geocichla, 265.
geoffroyi (Goocyzus), 298.
— (Neomorphus), 298.
Geoffroyus, 254.
Geolyces, 405.
Geopelia, 196.
Geophaps, 197.
Gerbillus, 1-3.
gerbillus (Gerbillus), 2.
Gerygone, 220, 221.
gibberifrons (Anas), 206.
gigantula (Microxydia). 375.
giga.s (Oreas), 447.
— (Taurotragus), 447.
gii'audi (Otocoris), 2(J.
girrenera (Haliastui), 208.
glacialis (Colymbus), 96.
— (Harelda), 109.
Glareola, 202.
glauous (Thamnomanes), 28.5.
Glaucopteryx, 332.
glycera (Josia), 315.
Glyciphila, 234.
Glyphorhyuchus, 280.
Gnophodes, 130.
goliath (Troides), 454.
Gonanticlea, 11, 49.
Gonodela, 37, 401-3. 434.
goi'amata (Macai'ia), 434.
gouldi (l)upetor), 204.
gouldiae (.\madina), 238.
gouldiae (Poephila), 238.
gouldii (Pteroglossus), 3(J0.
— (.Sclenidera), 300.
gracililinea (Geitonia), 370.
— (Me.sothiaa), 404.
gracilis (Erycinidia), 457.
gracilis (Euiuacrodes). 322.
— (Sterna), 199.
Gracula, 227, 268.
grallarius (Burhinus), 202.
— (Charadrius), 202.
Grallina, 227.
Grammodes, 2.5.
grandis (Deudorix), 465.
— (Lamprotornis), 267.
granti (Melanchra), 440.
— (Phlegoeniis). 247.
— (Stunius), 80, 127.
granulosa (Callyphthima), 177.
— (Ptychopoda), 27.
graphidabra (Mycalesis), 175.
grataria (Pseudasthena), 426.
Graucalus. 224, 243, 263-5.
grisea (Isocliromodes), 68.
griseata (Marmopteryx), 343.
— (Odontocheilopteryx). 22.
— (Sj-ngria), 309.
griscivcntris (Hypocnemis), 290, 291.
— (Pithys), 290.
griseoalbata (Ectropis), 399.
grisescens (Haemalea), 46.
— (Iridopsis), 355.
— (Mirafra). 237.
— (Myzomela), 235.
griseus (Macrorhamphus). 104.
Grumata, 47.
Grus, 203.
guianensis (Coereba), 272.
— ((lyclorhia), 271.
— (Piaya), 298.
— (Odontophoru-s), 304.
Guiraca, 277, 278.
gujanensis (Cyclarhis), 271.
— (Tanagra), 271.
— (Tetrao), 304.
— (Odontophorus), 304.
gularis (Ardea), 107.
gulgula (.Alauda). 501.
gumppenbergi (.Miantochora), 406.
gurneyi (Baza). 251.
guttata (Epiploina), 413.
gutturalis (Fi'inf,'illa), 278.
— (Sprraicipliila). 278.
— (fSporophila). 278.
Gymnancyla, 30.
gymnopis (Cacatua), 211.
Gymnoplocia, 42.
Gymnorhina, 230.
Gyninoscelis, 11.
Gymnostinops, 269.
Gynopteryx. 370.
Gypopsitta. 302.
gyra (Eurhodia), 466.
( 52fi )
gyroloides (Calltste), 273.
hachi-i (Papilio), 189.
Haemalea, 46, 322, 323.
Haematoderus, 295.
haematodu.s (Trichoglossus), 211. 252.
Haematopus, 200.
haeraatorhynchus (Ramphastos), 299.
haemorrhous (Cacicus). 279.
— (Cassicus), 279.
— (Oriolu.s), 279.
Haggardia, 396.
hainanus (Parus), 499.
Halcyon, 215, 243, 256, 257.
Haliaetus, 208.
haliaetus (Pandion), 209.
Haliastur, 208.
Hammaptera, 47, 48.
hansali (Charaxes), 78, 79.
Harelda, 109.
harmonica (C'olluricincla), 228.
liarpa (Gnophodes). 130.
harterti (Galcrida), .502.
— (Entomyza), 232.
hauxwelli (.Myrmotherula), 285.
hecate (.•Vmauris), 129.
liegemone (Pscuiiargynnis), 138.
heirasi (Papilio), 189.
heinclieni (Sylvia), 119.
Helcyra, 452.
Hcliconius. 180.
Iicliogcnus (Pscudacraca), 137.
Hcliothis, 24.
Heliothrix, 269, 297, 298.
Hellula, 29.
Helminthoccras, 12.
Hemerobius 469.
Hemigyninodes, 315.
Hemipodius, 195.
heraithearia (Gelasma), 317.
hemixantha (Pyrinia), 378.
henleyi (Cossus), 23.
— (Ilema), 23.
Hcodes. 496.
licpaticata (.\crotoinotl('s), 366.
— (I)ichromatopodia), 321.
llcrbita, 371.
hercules (Macropsylla). 486.
Herodias 107, 203, 204.
Herpa, 475.
Hcrpestcs, 2, 484.
Herpolivsia, 476.
hcsperus (Papilio). 186, 189.
Hcteractitis, 202.
Heterephyra, 323.
lietcroelitus (Gcoffroyus), 254.
(527 )
heteroelitus (Psittacus), "254.
Heterograjjhis, 31.
Heteropan, 475, 477.
Heteropygia, 202.
Heterorachis. .387.
Heterusia, 53, 345.
hewitsoni (Mycalesis), 130, 131.
hiatioula (Aegialitis), 103.
Hieracidea, 209.
liija (Nipteria), 59.
hildebrandti (Teracolus), 151, 152.
Himantopus, 201.
Himera, 419.
himerata (Lissomma), 418.
Hipparchia, 177.
Hipposiderus, 1.
Hirasa, 396.
Hirasodes, 396.
hirsuta (Eupileta), 362.
hirta (Omphalucha), 397.
hirundinacea (Dioaeum), 236.
— (Motacilla), 236.
Hirimdo, 120, 259, 260.
hispida (Sterrha), 391.
hispidoides (.Alcedo), 255.
histrionicus (Myncs), 451.
hoehneli (Ypthima), 176.
holomelas (Astui), 249.
holopoJius (Edoliisoma), 265.
— (Graucalus), 265.
Holorista, 428
homeyeri (Papilio), 18.5.
homochroa (Plancma), 185.
homophana ( Larcntia), 327.
horsHeldi (Mirafra), 236, 237.
horta (Acraea). 179.
housei (Amyti.s), 225.
— (Amytornis). 225, 226.
howensis (.^sterope), 136.
— (Crenis). 136, 137.
hoyti (Otocori.s), 20.
humeralis (Columba), 196.
— (Geopelia). 196.
— (Ninox), 210.
humerata (PvTiiiia), 378.
humilis (Opiithalmcipliora), 55.
huntcri (Aconiys). 4.
hyacinthina (Lasiopates), 311.
hya«na (Canaea), 6.
hyaloplaga (Erateina), 345.
Hyalopola, 56.
hybrida (Hydrocliolidon), 199.
— (Sterna), 199.
hybridata {Oplithalmophora), 347.
Hydata, 319.
Hydralector, 202.
Hydrochelidon, 199.
Hydroprogne, 199.
Hygrochroma, 371
Hylemera, 395.
Hjrjiena, 441.
Hypephyra, 39.
hyperboreus (Phalaropiis), 106.
Hyperythra, 434.
Hypocharmosyna, 253.
Hypocbroma, 425.
Hypoclirysops, 464.
Hypocnemis, 269, 290, 291.
Hypocoela, 385.
Hypocysta, 454, 457-9.
Hypographa, 418.
Hjrpolamprus, 6, 7.
Hypolepis, 48, 49.
hypoleucus (Graucalus), 224, 264.
Hypolimnas, 135.
Hypolycaena, 493.
Hypophracta, 382.
Hyposidra, 38, 404-6, 437, 438.
. Hystrichopsylla, 486, 487, 491.
Hy.stri.ii, 1, 4.
bystrix (Echidna), 305, 306.
lantlioenas, 245.
Ibis, 203.
iccius (Bicyclu.s), 131.
— (Mycalesis), 131.
icterotis (Platycercus), 212, 213.
leracidea, 208, 209.
ignifera ((.'oenucaipe), 330.
ignoblMs (Ixixia). 278.
— (Momotus), 296.
ignotus (Ceratophyllus), 158, 159.
ilaire (Ephialtias), 314.
Ilema, 23.
imbecilla (Acolutha), 426.
imber (Gavia), 96.
imitator (Pseudacra«a), 137, 138.
immaciilata (Craspedia), 388.
immaculatus (Papilio), 189.
immundus (Lipangus), 295.
impar (Platyt«s), 32.
imiJaricornis (t'ldorocliroma), 422,
impudoiis (PcTixcra), 72.
impimctata (Euphaedra). 143.
impura (CaUyphthinia), 176.
— (Ipthima), 176.
— (Ypthima), 176.
inaequata (Lomograplia). 348.
— (Xanthorhoc). 443.
inaoquilinea (Miantochora), 406.
inangiilata (Axiodes), 408.
inanuni (Euphaedra), 139-41.
iucanus (Heteractitis), 202.
( 528 )
inoendiata (Erosia). 42.
incensata (Pyrinia), 370.
mcertu.s (Dysithamnus). 209. 284, 283.
— (Thamnophilus), 284.
ncisaria (Syngriodeg), 309.
noolorata (Miantochora), 405.
nconspicua (Ochyria), 392.
incurvata (Stcnodonta), 379.
indicus (Falco), 251. 252.
ndus (Haliastur), 208.
nelegans (Ectropis), 398.
mexpeotatus (Podargus), 258.
nfirma (Nipteria), 351.
mformipcnnis (Ptychopocia), 324.
nfulata (Eumelea), 417.
nfurcata (Niptera), 57.
nfuscata (Mylotliris), 149.
infuacatus (Anabates), 279.
— (Automolus), 279.
innocua (Euryphene). 143, 144.
inopinata (.-Vlauda), 501.
inomata (llonacha), 263.
— (Muscicapa), 263.
— (Thysanocraspeda), 310.
inornatus (Thamnoi)hilusi), 285.
inquinatula (Emmiltis), 321.
inscriptata (Emmiltis), 391.
irtsignis (Acrjiea), 178.
— (Dendrornis), 283.
insolens (Pnisinoseia). 319.
insolita (Pareclipsis), 39.
in.sularis (Otocoris), 20.
insularum (Buteo), 80, 111.
intaota (Lissoehlora), 318.
Integra ( Argyrolepidia), 511.
intonaa (Microgonia), 373.
interalbicans (Antharmostes), 384.
intercedens (Tachyphunus), 275.
interlinealis (Scoparia), 446.
intermaculata (Rhomborista), 386.
intermedia (Euryphene), 143.
— (Mesophoy.\), 108.
— (Phlegoenas), 246, 247.
— • (Porzana), 95.
— (Tityra), 294.
intermedius (Cuculus). 258.
— (Parus), 497, 498.
intcrniplaga (Papilici). 191.
interprcs (.Vrenaria), 102.
interpunctata (.\bia.\a,s), 428.
interrupta (Brotolomia), 441.
— (Oenoptila), 61.
intricata (A.\iodcs), 408.
invaria (Ameria), 341.
lodis, 422.
lolaus, 493.
Ipthima, 176.
Ira, 372.
Iridopsis, 355.
iris (Gnophodes), 130.
— (Pitta), 194, 219.
irritans (Pulex), 491.
irrufata (Cosymbia), 441.
— (Stcrrha), 391.
isabella (Caprimima), 79, 512.
— (Clerckia), 79.
— (Gazella), 5.
— (Glareola), 202.
— (Stiltia), 202.
Babellinus (Lopus), 1, ,5.
— (Macropus), 508, 510.
Ischnopteris, 59, 60, 359, 360.
Isoolironiodes, 67, 68, 372.
ispida (Alcedo), 255.
istaris (Monotrichtis). 132.
isura (Rhipidura), 222.
itonia (Callyphthima), 176, 177.
— (Ypthima), 176.
lulocera, 4.34.
Iza, 307.
jacapa (Rampliocelus), 274.
— (Tanagra), 274.
jacarina (Tanagra), 278.
— (Volatinia), 278.
jacksoni (Papiiio), 18,5.
jacqninoti (Athene), 252.
— (Ninox), 252.
Jaculus, 4.
jaculus (Jaculus), 4.
jacutinga (Pipile), .304.
j^nctta (Euphaedra), 141.
jaiiuiiiea (Cryptomeria), 120.
javanica (Butorides), 204.
— (Mirafra), 236, 237.
jesous (Azanus), 494.
jodutta (Acraca), 183, 184.
johannae (Phlegoenas), 246, 247.
Josia, 44, 314, 315.
jucunda (Pseudospiris), 511.
jumana (Oleus), 301.
kallana (Ai-raoa). 180.
karsandia (Zi/i-ra). 22.
karsclir ( Kuphaedni). 141.
karu (Lalage), 224.
keartlandi (Ptilotis), 233.
khakiata (Emmiltis), 389.
kliamensis (Ereninphila), 502.
kikuyuensis (Mylothris), 1.50.
kiifUikeri (Ophisaurus), 73.
kreffti (llino), 288.
( 529 )
ksibi (Barbus), 505.
kuhlii (Pipiatrellus), 1.
— (Procollaria), 97.
— (Puffinus), 97, 99.
kulambangrae (Monarcha), 2fi2.
— (Zosterops), 265.
Laoerta, 73-5.
Lachnocnema, 492.
laotea (Raparna), 26.
laeta (Aplogompha), 54.
laetitia (Euryphene), 145.
lafargei (Myzomela), 266.
latayi (Aplogompha), 54.
Lalage, 224, 225.
lamberti (Malurus), 224.
lamellipeiini.s (Arapelis), 295.
— (Xipholena), 269, 295.
Lamprolenis, 457.
Lamprospiza, 276.
Laraprotornis, 267.
languida (Salamis), 135.
Lanius, 285, 294.
lanoide.s (Pachycephala), 230.
lanzi (Teracolus), 151, 152.
Laphygma, 24.
lapidata (Xenoecista), 64.
lapponica (Limosa), 104.
lapydes (Papilo), 186, 189.
Larentia, 327.
Larus, 101, 102, 200.
Lasiopatcs, 310, 311.
Lasiophaues, 333.
latata (Cimicodes), 66.
latepiota ( Hypolimnas), 135.
I^atliria, 295.
laticaudata (Psamathia), 308.
latiflava (Cyllopoda), 312.
latifrons (Spilogale), 168.
latifusata (Larentia), 327.
latiorata (Ameria), 341.
latipennia (Tephroclystia), 443.
latirupta (Coenocalpa), 442.
latitans (Tephroclystia), 340.
latrans (Canis), 158.
latus (Erioma-ityx), 469.
laurivora (Columba), 94.
leach ii (Dacelo), 214.
Icda (.\Ielanitis), 130.
logonuca (Papilio), 189.
leilavalensis (Ptilotis), 234.
Icntigiaosus (Botaurus), 108.
leonidas (Papilo), 191.
leopardina (Eudule), 341.
lepida (Ceyx), 255.
leprosata (Hyposidra), 38.
Leptaletis, 383.
Leptoctenopsis. 310.
Leptotarsis, 205.
Lepus, 1, 5.
Leucania, 368, 440.
leucaniata (C^rtima), 368.
leucansiptila (Otocoris), 20.
leueerodia (Platalea), 107.
Leuciacria, 463.
leucocephala (Proechidna), 306.
leucocephalus (Himantopus), 201.
— (Pandion), 209.
leucocilla (Pipra), 294.
leucodera (Neoscaptia), 471, 472.
Leucodesmia, 422.
leucogaster (Aegothelcs), 216.
— (Haliaetus), 208.
— (Faico), 208.
— (Lophophaps), 197, 198.
— (Pionias), 302.
— (Piouites), 302, 303.
— (Psittacu8), 302, 303.
leucolaema (Otocoris), 20.
leuoomela (Campephaga), 224.
— (Lalage), 224.
leucomelas (Dicallaneura), 464.
— (Hypocysta), 459.
— (Platypthima), 459.
leuconota (Myothera), 290.
— (Pyriglena), 290.
leuconotua (Thaiunophilus), 290.
leucophrys (Anas), 248.
leucops (Monasa), 297.
leuoopsis (Branta), 110.
leucoptera (Neositta), 231.
— (Sittella), 231.
leuoopterus (Malurus), 223.
leucopus (Peromyscus), 174.
leucopygialis (Artamus), 240.
leucopygius (Cyanalcyon), 257.
— (Halcyon), 257.
leucorhoa (Motacilla), 117.
leucorhynchus (.\rtanius). 240.
leucorrhoa (Oceanodroma), 97.
— (Saxicola), 117.
leucospilus (Papilio), 185.
Leucosticha, 139.
leuootis (Poephila), 237.
Leucotrcron, 195.
I^eucula, 350.
leucura (Poccilodryas), 230.
levaillantii (Ramphastos), 299.
lewisii (Ptilinopus), 245.
— (Ptilopus), 245.
liagore (Teracolus), 21.
libya (Melanitis), 130.
liohenina ^Chogada), 432.
35
( 530 )
lignata (Soricosema), 362.
ligtiicolor (Epipleraa), 413, 415.
ligulifera (Gynopteryx), 370.
Ligurinus, 127.
limbata (Cymatophora), 354.
limbirena (Plusia), 26.
Limosa, 104.
liraosa (Limosa), 104.
linrligi (Ephialtias), 314.
lincata (Celerio), 22.
lincatus (Spormophilus), Kill.
lingeus (Cacyrcus), 493.
Lipangus, 29.5.
Lipocentris, 3S9.
Lipomelia, 324.
liponesco (Papilio), 189.
lisera (P.saIiodes), 51.
Lissochlora, 318.
Lissomma. 418.
Lissopsis, 343.
littoreus (Totanus), 104.
livia (Columba), 94, 95.
livornica (Celerio), 22.
Lobivanellus, 200.
Lomaspilis, 35. 36.
Lomographa, 53, 54, 348, 349.
longicaudatus (Putorius), 156, 165, 168.
longicornis (Uranodoxa), 432.
longipecten (.\lex), 417.
longipennis ( Myrmotherula), 286.
longirostris (Eremophila), 502.
— (Gyranorhina). 230.
— (Haeniatopus), 200.
Lophophaps. 197.
lophotes (Columba), 198.
— (Ocyphaps), 198.
Loriiis, 252.
losiiiga (Euphaedia), 143.
lotclla (.\nerastia), 30.
Loxapicia, 68.
Lo.xia, 276, 278.
Loxotephria, 13, 14.
lubricata (Synelys), 391.
lucida (Zizera), 496.
lucidata (Catoria). 15.
lucifer (Ceratophyllus), 170.
lucretia (Pscudacraca), 137.
Lullula, .501.
liinaris (.\rgyrolcpidia), 473.
luriivallata (Gonodela), 402.
lunulata (Melithrcptus), 235.
lumilatus (Falco), 209.
Uiperca ( I^iuphaedra), 143.
liirida (Niiiox), 210.
liitea (.Myzantha), 233.
luteirostris (Zo.sterops), 200.
lutcofasciata (Eujihaedia), 143.
lutcola (Coereba), 272.
lyaeus (Papilio), 188-90.
Lyoaena, 495.
Lycaenesthcs, 493.
lycia (Acraea), 182.
— (Barbarus), 182.
— (Heliconius), 182.
— (Papilio), 182.
lycoa (Acraea), 184.
lyooides (Acraea), 184.
Lygranoa, 11.
lysimon (Zizera), 496.
Macaria, 434, 435.
mackinnoni (Papilio), 189.
macleayii (Halcyon), 215.
Macrocorax, 268.
Macroglossum, 79.
Macroprotodon, 77.
Macropsylla, 486, 488.
Macropteryx, 259.
Macropus, 508-10.
Macropygia, 246.
Macrorhamphus. 104.
macrorhynehus (Calyptorhynchus), 212
macrotarsa (Gelochelidon), 199.
— (Sterna), 199.
macrurus (Caprimulgus), 217.
maculata (Euclysia). 67.
— (Paracomistis). 69.
maculatissimus (Papilio), 189.
maculatus (Papilio), 189.
maculilinca (Chia-smia), 433.
maculosata (Isochromodes), 68.
maculosus (Hemipodius), 195.
— (Turnix), 195.
madates (Monotrichtis), 132.
— (Mycalesis), 132.
maderae (Sterrha), 442.
maderon.sis (Cosymbia), 441.
— (Fringilla). 122, 12,3.
magna (Tanagra). 276.
magnifica (Sindris), 511.
magnirostris (Charadrius), 202.
— (Esacus), 202.
— (Oedicnemus), 202.
magniis (Macropu.s), 509.
— (Saltator), 276.
mahrattarum (Parus), 499.
malaea(.\nthierax), 11. 12.
.Malacop.sylla, 479.
malathana (Lycacna), 495
major (Dcndrocopus), 115.
— (Macropus), 508.
— (Paru.s), 497-5(K).
— (Thamnophilus), 283.
( 531 )
malepiota (Emmiltis), 46.
malinaria (Pherotesia), 356, 357.
Malurus, 223, 224, 226, 227.
mandancs (Mycalesis), 175.
mandibularis (Nyotioorax), 248.
maniculata (Felis), 2.
Marasmia, 29.
marcida (Cosymbia), 27.
Mareoa, 109.
margarethae (Charmosyna), 253.
— (Charmosynopsis), 253.
margarita (Ascotis), 431.
— (Lissopsis), 343.
marginata (Hyalopola), 56.
— (Pseudasthena), 426, 427.
marginatus (Charagia), 478.
marinus (Larus), 102.
maritima (Tringa), 105, 128.
Marmopteryx, 343.
marmorata (Psaliodes), 337.
marmoratus (Podargus), 216.
maruetta (Ortygometra), 95.
masai (Everes), 494.
massena (Trichoglosaus), 252.
masticella (Epischnia), 31.
maura (Pryiglena), 290.
maxima (Calornis), 267.
medesaga (Papilio), 189.
media (Erateina), 344.
mediovincta (Iza), 307.
meeki (Argyrolepidia), 473.
— (Ceyx), 255.
— (Corvus), 243, 268.
— (Eucocytia), 474.
— (Herpa), 475.
— (Hypochryaops), 464.
— (Microgoura), 243, 247.
— (Monarcha), 262.
— (Morphopsis), 456.
— (Stilbon), 465.
mcgaloptera (Clirysochloroma), 421.
Megalurus, 225, 226.
meganira (Leucula), 350.
Megapicus, 300.
Megapodius, 195, 244.
Megap.sylla, 479.
megastigma (Racheospila), 45.
melaleuca (Doclia), 477.
Melanchra, 440.
Meianchroia, 349.
Melanitia, 130, 512.
melanocephaUts (Pardalotus), 236.
-- (Psittacu.s), .302.
Mclanodryas, 220.
melanogastra (Conopophaga), 292.
melanoli'uca (Lampro.spiza), 276.
melanoleucus (Phalacrocorax), 206.
melanoleuous (Saltator), 276.
melanophaea (Porzana), 304.
melanophaius (Creciscus), 304.
— (Rallus). 304.
melanops (Aegialitis), 201.
— (Charadrius), 201.
— (Corvus). 224.
— (Graucalus), 224.
melanoptera (Ta-iagra), 273, 274.
Melanoscia, 359.
melanotis (Dacni;?), 271.
melanotus (Porphyrio), 199.
melanthiata (Negia), 394.
melanura (Ciimacteris), 232.
melanurus (Papilio), 78.
— (Tliamnophilus), 284.
meleagris (Leuoosticha), 139.
Melinodcs, 69.
Melinoessa, 35.
Melithreptua, 235.
melophilus (Erithacus), 117.
Melopsittacus, 214.
Melvus. 208.
monestheu-s (Papilio), 186.
men.struus (Pionias), ,302.
— (Pionus), 302.
— (Paittacus). 302.
Mephiti.s, 158.
Mergus, 110.
meridioiiali.s (Troides), 453, 454.
Merioncs, 3.
meriones (Papilio), 187.
Merop.s, 114. 215.
merrilli (Otocoris), 20.
morula (Dendrocincla), 281.
— (Turdus), 80, 116.
Mesedra, 69.
mesentiaa (Belenoia), 21.
Mesoooela, 38.
Mesophoyx, 108, 203.
MesosGolopax, 201.
Meaothisa, 403, 404.
Meaotrophe, 10, 11.
Metachrostia, 26.
metallica (Calornis), 267.
— (Caprimiraji). 470.
Metalloapora. 38, 39.
metamclana (Salebria), 30.
metcalft'i (Zo.sterops), 266.
meticulo.sa (Brotolomia), 440.
meycri (Acraea), 454.
Miantochora, 405.
micacea (Macrogloaaum), 79.
miccularia (Racheoloplia). 319.
Microeca. 219.
Microgoiiia, 373-5.
Microgoura, 243, 247.
( 532 )
Microloxia, 27, 385, 441.
microptcra (Ptychopoda), 27.
microsticha (Delias), 462.
Microtus, 165, 171-4.
llicroxydia, 375.
miles (Clerckia), 79, 512.
— (Lobivanellus), 200.
— (Tringa), 200.
Milionia, 44S, 467, 408.
militaris (Coracias), 295.
— (Haematoderus), 295.
milnei (Diestogyna), 145.
milo (Contropus), 257.
mima (Hypolimnas), 135.
Mimaleti.s, 38.3.
Mimetes, 241.
Mimophyle, 362.
mimula (Paragramma), 424, 425.
minima (Pero), 376.
— (Raparna), 26.
Mino, 268.
minor (Artamus), 240.
— (Dendrocopus), 84, 114.
— (Parus), 497, 500.
minuta (.Ardetta), 107.
— (Chiasmia), 433.
— {Lissomma\ 418.
— (Monoctenia), 418.
— (Tringa), 105.
minutus (Mcsoscolopax), 201.
— (Nnmcniu.s), 201.
miimecton (Chalcides), 77.
mirabilis (Euijhacdra), 142.
— (Poephila), 238.
Mirafra, 236, 237.
Misocalius, 218.
Mixocera, 44.
modesta (Cymatophora), 354.
moebii (Papilio), 189.
mollissima (Somateria), 109.
moilitia (Mycalesis), 175.
molucca (Ibis), 203.
momota (llomotus), 296.
— (Ramphastos), 296.
Momotus, 296.
Monareha, 223, 262, 263.
Monasa, 297.
mongolus (Charadrias), 201
Monobolodcs, 8.
Monoctenia, 418.
mononis (Caprimima), 79, 512.
Monotrichtis, 132, 133.
montana (Eremophij-i). 502.
montanus (Ceratophyllns), 157.
montpirouis (r'artalotis). 34.
morclctti(Fringilla). so. 122.
moriqua (Azanus), 494.
morphoeus (Bucco), 297.
— (Monasa), 297.
Morphopsi.s, 452. 454, 456.
Morphotenaris, 451, 453.
mortoni (Chalcophaps), 246.
Motacilla, 80. 117, 118, 120, 121, 23P, 271.
motacilloides (Rhipidura), 221.
miilleri (.\na.s), 248.
multiaculeata (Echidna), 306.
Munia, 238, 239.
mnraena (Cymatophora), 64.
muralis (Lacerta), 73, 75.
muricolor (.Argyrotome), 346.
murina (Ergolis), 135, 136.
— (Pulex), 192.
— (Pyrrhula). 82, 125.
Mus, 4, 487, 491.
Muscicapa, 221, 260, 263, 285, 293, 295.
muscitincta (Cymatophora), 354.
museosata (Perizoma), 336.
musculus (Mus), 4.
— (Troglodytes), 270.
mustelinus (Tardus), 1 1.5.
Mycalesis, 130-3, 175, 176.
Myctcria, 203.
Myiagra, 222, 261.
Myiarchus, 293.
Myiolestes, 230.
Myiozeletcs, 293.
Mylothris, 149, 150
Mynes, 451, 4.54.
Myothera, 290, 291.
Myricc, 315.
Myrina, 492.
Myristicivora, 196.
Myrmecophant«s, 56.
Myrmotherula. 285, 286, 289, 290.
mystacea (Macropteryx), 259.
Myzantha, 233.
Myzomela, 235, 236, 266.
na<!htigali (Negia), 394.
Nadagarodes, 435, 436.
naevius (Cuculus), 299.
— (Diplopterus), 299.
— (Tappra), 299.
na^vosa (Anas), 206.
— (Stictonetta), 206.
nana (Scisura), 223.
nandina (Charaxes), 78.
nanina (Nasitcrna), 25t.
napcnsis (Cereomacra), 286-8.
Narr.agodes, 362.
Nasiterna, 254.
natalensis (Astcrope), 137.
— (Crenis), 136.
( 533 )
natalica (Acra<?a), 180.
— (Synelys), 35.
natronensis (Pachyuromys), 3.
nebulosa (Mycalesis), 176.
Nectarinia, 267.
Negla, 394.
Nemoria, 34.
neobule (Acraea), 179.
Neoclimia, 239.
Neocoenyra, 176.
Neodesmodes, 360.
Neomorphus, 298.
Neoscaptia, 470-2.
Neoscelis, 11.
Neositta, 231.
Neostega, 393, 394.
Neotoma, 167, 168, 174.
Nephopteryx, 30.
nepos (Ceratophyllus), 168.
Nesophila, 436.
Nettapus, 205.
newsteadi (Ceratophyllus), 171.
newtoni (Parus), 497.
nejri (Delias), 449.
nicobarica (Caloenas), 247.
— (Columba), 247.
Nictomys, 480.
nigra (Myzomela), 236.
— (Oedemia), 109.
nigrata (Eudule), 342.
— (Hyposidra), 438.
— (Striglina), 411.
nigrescens (Cercomacra), 288.
— (Monobolodes), 8.
— (Semiothisa), 363.
nigriceps (Perissomastix), 33.
nigricoUis (Colymbus), 96.
nigricosta (Thysanopyga), 61.
nigrifasciata (Chogada), 432.
— (Spargania), 338.
nigriflexa (Banisia), 410.
nigrifrons (Graucalus), 264.
nigrilineata (Hammaptera), 48.
nigriloris (Parus), 500.
nigripennis (Eurostopodus), 259.
nigristigma (Chogada), 432.
— (Trigonomelca), 399.
nigroaculeata (Proi^chidna), 306.
— (Zaglossus), 305, 306.
nigrogularis (Cracticus), 229.
— (Vanga), 229.
nigromaculata (Phlogopsis), 291.
nigromarginata (Haemalea), 322.
nigromaxilla (Ceyx), 256.
nigropustulata (Epiplema), 414.
nigrosticta (Saccoploca), 43.
nigrovittatus (Sciurus), 483, 484,
nilotica (Gelochelidon), 199.
— (Sterna), 199.
Ninox, 209, 210, 252.
Nipteria, 56-9, 350-2.
nireu.s (Papilio), 188-91.
nitada (Coenocalpe), 330.
nitens (Pharambara), 410.
nitida (Hemigymnodes), 315.
nitidata (Cosymbia), 387.
nitidisquama (Opisthoxia), 347, 348.
nitidus (Monareha), 223.
— (Piezorhynchus), 223.
nivalis (Emberiza), 122.
— (Passerina), 122.
niveigutta (Grumata), 47.
nivesoens (Morphotenaris), 451.
nivesecta (Anapalta), 47.
nobicea (Papilio), 189.
nootivolans (Ectropis), 37.
noctuella (Nomophila), 29.
nodosa (Psaliodes), 51.
Nomophila, 29.
Nopia, 406.
noroyta (Papilio), 189.
Noreia, 419.
notatus (Brotogeris), 303.
Notophoyx, 204.
novaeguineae (Proechidna), 306.
novaehollandia^ (Aegotheles), 216, 217.
— (Astur), 207.
— (Calopsitta), 212.
— (Casuarius), 194.
— (Colymbus), 199.
— • (Dromaeus), 194, 195.
— (Falco), 207.
— (Larus), 200.
— (Plotus), 206.
— (Podiceps), 199.
— (Psittacus), 212.
— (Scythrops), 218.
— (Strix), 210.
nubecula (Chrysochloroma). 421.
nubifer (Uranothauma). 493.
nubigena (Microloxia), 441.
nubila (Papilio), 185, 181!.
nubiraargo (Lomographa), 54.
nuehalis (Chlamydera), 242.
— (Ptilonorhynchus), 242.
nucleata (Somatina), 390.
nudata (Thysanocraspeda), 309.
Numenius. 104, 201, 202.
numeralis (Udea), 444.
Numia, 69.
nuscyruB (Papilio), 189.
nyassae (Melanitis), 130.
— (Pseudargynnis), 138.
nyassana (Pais), 511.
( 534)
Nyctibius, 297.
Nycticorax, 108, 204, 248.
nycticorax {Nycticorax), lOS
Nyctidroimis, 297.
NvToca, 206.
oaxacae (Otocoris), 2.5.
obliquaria (Authyala), 311, .312.
Oljolcola, 400.
ob.scura (llyzomela), 235.
— (Pycnostega), 393. 394.
obscurata (Neostcga), 393.
obscurus (Puffinus), 99.
obsitalis (Hypena), 441.
obsoleta (Odontocheilopteryx), 23.
obsoletalis (Pyralis). 29.
obsoletus (Dendrocolaptos), 282.
obstipata (Coenocalpe), 442.
occidentale (Xenocara), 242.
occidentalis (Barnardius), 213.
— (leracidea), 209.
— (Ninox), 209.
— (OtocorLs), 20.
— (Ypthima), 134.
occulta (Nipteria), 58.
occanicus (Oceanites), 97.
Oceanites, 97.
Oceanodroma, 96, 97.
ocellata (Atbene), 210.
— (Dendrornis,, 282.
— (Lacerta), 73, 74.
— (Ninox), 210.
occlIatu3 (Chalcidcs), 77.
— (Podargus), 216.
ocellea (Eromene), 31.
Ocholona, 168.
ocbracea (Euryphura), 146.
— (Xenoecista), 437.
ochratippnnis (Emmiltis), 322.
ochrca (.\ppias), 150.
— (Eucbloris), 27.
— (Euomoea), 409.
ochreolata (Synelys), 325.
ocbribasis (Entopbria), 3,32.
ochriplaga (Rhinoprora), 425.
ocliritincta (Pcrizoina). 336.
ocbrivitta (Euclysia), 369.
Ochropbitodes. 392.
Ochtliodromus, 201.
Och>Tia, 333, 391, 392.
ocrcata (Felis), 2.
ocularis (Stigmatops), 234.
Ocypbaps, 198.
Ocypterus, 240.
Odontocheilopteryx, 22, 23.
Odontophorus. 304.
Oedemia, 109.
Oedicnemus, 107, 202.
oedicnemus (Oedicnemus), 107.
oenanthe (Saxicola), 117.
oenas (Columba), 94.
Oenoptila, 60-2.
Oenospila, 422.
ogilviata (Tephroclystia), 443.
okinawae (Parus), 500.
oliva(Eur}'phura), 147, 148.
olivacea (Agatbia), 420.
— (Dendrocincla), 280. 281.
— (Loxotephria), 14.
— (.Sporopbila), 278.
olivaceus (Platyrhynchos), 293.
— (Rbynehoeyclus), 269, 293.
olivaria (Cartcllodes), 367.
olivata (Sarcinodes), 9.
omana (Coelura), 42.
ombriosus (GraucaluMJ, 264.
omissa (Synallaxis), 269.
Omphalucha, 396, 398.
Oospila, 45, 318.
opalizans (Pipra), 269, 294.
ophidocephalus (Papilio), 189.
Ophisaurus, 73.
Ophthalmopbora, 55, 347.
Opisthoxia, 55, 347, 348.
oppletaria (.-Vplogompha), 54.
Oreas, 447.
oribazus (Papilio), 191.
orientalis (Eudynamis), 218, 257, 258.
— (Eurystomus), 214.
— (Falco), 209.
— (Hieracidca), 209.
— (leracidea), 209.
— (Ptilonorhynchus), 242.
Oriolus, 127, 241, 279.
oriolus (Coracias), 127.
— (Oriolus), 127.
ornata (Cra.spedia), 388.
— (Platypthima), 458, 459.
— (P.seudopus), 73.
ornatus (Merops), 215.
orsitaria (llicroxydia), 375.
Orsonoba, 407.
orthodisca (Semiothisa), (i4.
Orthonama, 334.
Orthoprora, 49.
Ortygometra, 95.
orus (Heodes), 496.
Oryctolagus, 5.
oscari (Acraea), 179.
— (Papilio), 185.
ostrina (Tbalpoehares), 441.
Otis, 202.
Otocoris, 19, 20.
( 535 )
Otocoryg, 501.
otus(Asio), 113.
ovaliplagn (Heterusia), 53.
Oxyfidonia, 4a).
Ozola, 419.
ozora (Monoctenia), 418.
Pachycephala, 230, 265.
Pachyuromys, 3.
Pachyzanela, 29.
paoifica (Ardca), 204.
— (Notophoy.x), 204.
Pais, 511.
palaea (Argyrolepidia), 473.
palaemon (Cacyreus), 494.
pallico.stata (Cimicodes), 66.
pallida (Coliimba), 217, 218.
— (Hypographa), 418.
— (Mieroeca), 219.
— (Mirafra), 237.
— (Otocoris), 19.
— (Pitta), 2,59.
— (Sporophila), 278.
pallidata (Trotogonia), 71.
pailidiceps (Columba), 245.
pallidico.sta (Bagodares), 358.
pallidilinea (Nipteria), 68.
pallidimarginalis (Scoparia), 446.
pallidiniargo (Cirrhorheuma), 329.
pallidior {Charmosynopsis), 253.
pallidirostris (t'olluricincla), 227.
palliolatus (Cuculus), 218.
— (Misocalius), 218.
palmarum (Tauagra), 273, 274.
palumbus (Columba), 80, 93.
pamphilata (Cerynia), 53.
Pandesnia. 24.
Pandion, 209.
panganica (Rothia), 512.
Panthora, 56,
Papilio, 21, 78, 178, 180, 182, 185-91, 453. 401.
papuanus (Faico), 252.
papuonsis (Geocichla), 265.
— (Graucalus), 224.
— (Podargus), 216.
Parachoreutes, 310.
Paracomistis, 69.
Paradarisa, 399.
paradeicta (Epipleraa), 413.
paraensis (Automolus), 279, 280.
— (Dendrexetastes), 269.
— (Phlegopsis), 269, 291.
Paragonia, 67.
Paragramma, 424, 425.
parallelaria (Psamathia), 308.
Pardalotus, 236.
Pardopsis, 178.
Pareclipsis, 39, 40.
parensia (Momotus), 296.
Parnassius, 142, 178.
Parra, 202.
Parus, 497-500.
parva (Acanthis), 125.
— (CarduelLs), 125.
— (Mirafra), 237.
— (Porzana), 95.
parvidens (Gymnoplocia), 42.
parvipunctata (Abraxas), 13.
parvirostris (Artamus), 240.
parvissima (Collurieincla), 228.
parvula (Collurieincla), 228.
Passerina, 122.
pater (Lacerta), 74.
pectoralis (Diglossa), 504.
— (Donacola), 238.
— (Eclectus), 253.
— (Munia), 238.
— (Myzomela), 235.
peculiaris (Papilio), 191.
Pelecanus, 207.
pelewensis (Anas), 248.
Pelidna, 105.
pelopidas (Papilio), 191.
peneleos (Acraea), 183.
Penelope, 304.
penelope (Mareca), 109.
penicillata (Eremophila), 502.
penicula (Deinoptila), 331.
peninsularis (Ninox), 210.
pennaria (Himera), 419.
pentadalis (Cybolomia), 29.
Penthophlebia, 59, 352.
penumbrata (Berberodes), 346.
— (Ephemerophila), 395.
perakaria (Sarcinodes), 10.
Peratophyga, 13.
percurrens (Ephialtia.s), 314.
peregrina (Otocoris), 20.
peregrinus (Falco), 112.
perenna (Acraea), 180.
perflava (Pseudasthena), 420, 427.
perforatus (Taphozous), 1.
Pergama, 375.
pericallis (Milionia), 407.
periculosa (Brotolomia), 441.
Pericyma, 24.
Peridela, 28, 405, 437.
perieresalis (Diplopseustis). 29.
Perigramma, 352.
periraede (Nipteria), 350.
perion (Axiocenses), 493.
Perissomastix, 33.
Perixera, 72, 423.
( 536 )
Pcrizoma, 329. 333, 335, 336.
pcrlata (Pyrrliuriv), 301.
pcrlatus (Aratinga), 301.
— (Conurus), 301.
Pero, 3('>7, 371!. 379.
Piromyscus, 160, 167. 174.
perpiilchra (Clirotochlora), 317.
pcrsirailis (Hypopliracta), 382.
— (Xenoecisia), 437.
personata (Poepliila). 237.
personatus (.'\rtaimLs), 240.
— (Ocypterus), 240.
peruana (Mona.sa), 297.
Perusia, 328, 377.
Petelia, Gl.
Petrodava, 434.
Petroica, 221.
Petronia, 127.
pptronia (Petronia). 127.
Petroplmssa, 194, 197.
pexatata (Ischnopteria), 60.
phaeochroa (Dendrocincla). 281.
phaeola (Appias), 150.
phaeopteralis (Pachyzancia), 29.
phaeopus (Numeniu.s), 104, 201.
Phaethornis, 298.
phaeton (Fringilla), 239.
— (Neochmia), 239.
phainolaema (Heliothrix), 269, 297, 298.
Plialacrocorax, 1 10, 206.
phalaenoides (Podargus), 215, 216.
Phalaropua, 106, 107.
phalusco (Papilio), 189.
Phaps, 197.
Pharambara, 410.
pharsalus (Acraea), 182.
phasianus (Centropu.s), 219.
— (Cuculus), 219.
Phavaraea, 314
phegea (Elymnias), 129.
Phellinodes, 310.
Phelloc, 315.
Pherotesia, 356, 357.
Philemon. 232.
phileris (Mylothris), 1.50.
phihppanae (Columba), 245.
— (lanthoenas), 245.
philippinensia (Mirafra), 237
philippus (Hypolycacna), 493.
philonoe (Papiho), 191.
philoxenus (Papiho), 78.
Philydor, 279, 280.
Phirdana. 454.
phlaeas (Chrysophanus), 439.
phlaeoides (Chrysophanus), 439.
Plilegoenas, 246, 247.
Phlegopsis, 269, 291.
Phlogopsis, 291.
phoenissa (Eumelea), 418.
pholata (Pyrinia), 378.
phorcas (Papiho), 189.
PJiorodesma, 385.
Phrygionis, 345, 347.
PliyModonta, 67, 369.
pliyUodontaria (Azeliua), 3(»9
Piaya, 298.
picata (Ardea), 204.
— (Grallina), 227.
— (Graeula), 227.
— (Herodias), 204.
— (Melanodryas), 220.
— (Notophoy.\), 204.
— (Rhipidura), 221.
picatus (Cracticus), 229.
Picolaptcs, 282.
picta(Emblema), 239.
pictaria (.-Vcohitha), 426.
Picus, 282, 301.
Pidorus, 475.
pieria (Niptoria), 350.
pieridaria (Nipteria), 351.
Pieridopsis, 457.
Pieris, 151, 439, 463.
Piezorhynchus, 223, 263.
pigea (Pieris), 463.
pileatus (Anous), 200.
— (Creciscus), 304.
pimienta (Colpodonta), 369.
Pinarolestes, 228.
pinima (Crax). 269.
Pioniivs. 302, 30:{.
Pionites, ,302, 303.
Pipile. 269, 304.
Pipistrellus, 1.
Pipra, 269. 294.
piscivorus (Rhamphastos), 300.
Pithys, 290.
Pitta, 194, 219, 243, 259, 260.
Pitylus, 276, 277.
placentis (Charmosynopsis), 253.
placida (Emmiltis), 423.
— (Geopcha), 196.
plagiata (Banisia), 410.
— (Diestogyna), 145.
plagosus (Olialcococcyx), 258.
— (Cuculus), 258.
Planema, 185.
planilimbata (Xanthyris), 316.
planoruiu (Parus), 499.
Platalea, 107, 203.
Platycercus, 212, 213.
Platypthima, 458. 459.
Platyrhynchos, 293.
Platytes, 32.
( 537 )
plautilla (Euryphura), 146-8.
plobejft (Loxia), 278.
Plegadis, 203.
plenaria (Stenalcidia), 358.
plenistigina (Emmilti.s). 423.
Plerocymia, 337.
plicata (Epiplema), 412.
plicatua (Buceros), 258.
— (Rhytioeros), 258.
ploetzi (Monotrichtis), 132.
— (Mycalesis), 132.
Plotu.s, 206.
plumbea (Lipaugus), 295.
plumbeus (Dysithamnus), 284.
plumbilinea (Bronchelia), 62.
plumifera (Geophaps), 197.
— (Lophophaps), 197, 198.
plumifcrus (Mesophoyx), 203.
plurinotata (Eudule), 342.
Plusia, 26.
Plutonia, 84, 89.
pluvialis (Charadrius), 103.
poaphilaria (Azelina), 367.
Podargus, 215, 216, 258.
Podieeps, 96, 199.
poeantis (Ceratophyllus), 155.
poecila (Neoscaptia), 472.
poecilinota (Hypocnerais), 291.
Poecilodrya.s, 221, 230, 231.
Poephila, 237, 238.
poggei (Uranothauma). 493.
— (Xanthospilopteryx), 511.
policencs (Papilio), 189.
Poliolimna,s, 198.
polistratus (Theretra), 512.
Polla, 70.
poUionis (Ceratophyllus), 171.
polylepis (Chaloides), 77.
Polyocha, 31.
polytrophus (Papilio), 187.
Poraarea, 263.
Pomatorhinus, 225.
Porina, 478.
Porphyrio, 96, 198, 199, 248.
Porzana, 95, 304.
posticaria (Penthoplilebia), 352.
potens (Pherotesia), 356.
potentia (Emplocia), 344.
praecyola (Papilio), 189.
praeditaria (Microgonia), 375.
Prasinoscia, 318, 319.
praticola (Otocoris), 20.
preissi (Rhipidura), 222.
preassi (Euphaedra), 142.
primulina (Emplocia), 344.
princeps (Ochotona), 168.
pristinaria (Carpophaga), 245.
Procellaria, 97.
procellosa (Rhodophthitus), 394.
Procypha, 407.
Proechidna, 305, 306.
projectata (Ischnopteris), 60.
pronuba (Agrotis), 439, 440.
protomedia (Teracolus), 21.
protracta (Pseudacraea), 137.
proximus (Ceratophyllu-s). 155.
przewalskii (Eremophila), 5f)2.
P.saliode3, 49, 50, 328, 336, 337.
Psamathia, 308.
Psammodromus, 76.
Psammophis, 77.
P.sephotus, 214.
pseudacaste (Teracolus), 22.
Pseudacraea, 137, 138.
Pseudargynnis, 138.
Pseudasthena, 426, 427.
pseudegina (Acraea), 180.
pseudonireus (Papilio), 188-90.
PseudonjTiipha, 133.
PseudoptjTix, 252.
Pseudopus, 73.
Pseudospiris, 511.
Pseudosterrha, 28.
Psilopus, 220.
Psittacus, 211-4, 254, 302, 303.
Pterocypha, 338.
Pteroglossus, 300.
Ptilinopus, 194-6, 244, 245.
Ptilonorhynehus, 242.
Ptilopus, 245.
Ptilotis, 233, 234.
Ptistes, 212.
Ptychopoda, 27, 322, 324.
pudens (Synelys), 35.
pudibunda (Orthonama), 334.
puella (Rarabara), 382.
pucllaria (Bronchelia), 62, 63.
Puffinus, 97, 99.
pulchella (Acolutha), 426.
pulchellus (Astur), 250, 251.
— (Nettapus), 205.
pulcherrimus (Mahirus), 223.
pulchra (.-Vlcyone), 214.
pulchristriata (Lycaena), 495.
Pulex, 174, 192. 193, 479, 480, 491.
pulverata (Nadagarodes), 435.
— (Stibarostoma), 424.
pulverulenta (Galaaa), 26.
pulverulentus (Myiolestes), 230.
— (Poecilodryas), 230, 231.
pumaria (Microxydia), 375.
puna (Troglodytes), 270.
punctata (Calospiza), 272, 273.
— (Tanagra), 272.
( 538 )
punctatissinm (Aoraea), 178.
— (Pardopsis). 178.
punctisignata (Derambila), 382.
punctistriata (Aperusia), 328.
punctiversa (Gonodela), 402.
pupillaria (Cosymbia), 441.
pupillaris (Callyphtliima), 178.
pura (Beralade). 23.
purpuraria (Nadagarode.s), 43fi.
purpurea (Ardea), 108.
pusiUa (Alcyone), 255.
pusillus (Graucalus). 264.
Putorius, lofi. 1.58, 165, 168.
Pycnostega, 393, 394.
pygargus (Gerbillus), 1, 3.
pygmaea (Zizera), 496.
pygmaeus (Phaethornis), 298.
pylades (Papilio), 186, 189.
Pyralis, 29, 444.
Pyrameis, 21, 81.
Pyriglena, 286, 290.
Pyrinia, 377-9.
pyrrhopygia (Halcyon). 215.
Pyrrhula, 82, 125.
pyrrhula (Pyrrhula), 125.
I^Thura, 301.
quadricaudata (Semiothisa), 364.
quadrivittatua (Eutamis), 162,
quenavadi (Pandesma), 24,
quieta (C'hlorochroma), 422.
— (lodis), 422.
quirina (Acraea), 178.
— (Papilio), 178.
— (Pamassius), 178.
quirini (Ceratophylbis), 163-5.
quoyi (Cractieus), 228, 229.
Racasta, 310.
Racheolopha, 319.
Racheospila, 44, 45, 319.
radiana (.Josia), 44.
radiata (Chiasmia), 433.
radjah (Anas), 205.
— (Tadorna), 205.
Rallina, 248.
ralloides (Ardeola), 107.
RaUus, 304.
Rambara, 382, 383.
Ramphastos, 296, 299, 3{)0,
Ramphocelus, 274.
Rana, 77.
Rapama, 25, 26.
rauca (Hyposidra), 437.
ravida (Pero), 376.
rectilinca (fionodcla), 403.
rectistriaria (Acadra), 401.
reducta (Amauris), 129.
— (Burgena), 511.
— (Euphaedra), 141,
— (Ira). .372.
regia (Platalea). 203.
Regulus, 80, 119, 120.
regulus (Regulus), 80, 119, 120.
renibina (Mylothris), 149.
Remodcs, 11.
rendovae (Zostcrops), 26,5.
renifera (Hylemera), 395.
repetita (Ephialtias), 314.
— (Perigramma), 352.
restricta (Bursada), 430.
rctraetaria (Arhodia), 9.
revcrsa (Striglina), 7, 8.
rex (Troglodytes), 270.
rliaeo (Rothia), 512.
Rhamphastos, 300.
rhanidostroma (llonotrichtis), 132,
— (xMycalesis), 132.
Rhinopoma, 1.
Rhinoprora, 425.
Rhipidura, 221, 222, 260, 261.
rhoda (Microgonia), 374.
Rhodesia, 386.
Rhodia, 454, 466.
rhodina (Acraea), 182, 184.
— (Asura), 469.
Rhodoehlora, 320.
rhodope (Appias), 150.
Rhodophthitus, 394.
rhombifascia (Plerocymia), 337.
Rhomborista, 386.
Rhynchocyclus, 269, 293.
Rhyticeros, 258.
ribbei (Pomarea), 263.
richardsi (Alcyone), 255,
richardsii (Monarcha), 263.
— (Piezorliynchus), 263.
richardsoni (Sciurua), 168.
— (Sore.x), 155.
rideschi (Papilio), 189.
ridgwayi (Dendrocolaptes), 282,
ridibunda (Rana), 77.
ridibundus (Larus), 102.
rigida (Eueymatoge), 425.
— (Eupithecia), 425.
risoriu.s (Turtur), 94.
Rissa, 102.
rivula (Neoacclis), 11.
rivulalis (Heterographis), 31.
roberti (Conopophaga), 269, 292.
— (Pulex), 479.
robinsoni (Ceratophyllus), 483,
( 539 )
robustus (Macrnpun). 508-10.
— (Tatera), 2.
roseata (Microloxia), 385.
roseicapilla (Cacatua), 212.
Rothia, 512.
rothschildi (Giiiraca), 277.
— (Xenocara), 242.
Rothschildia. 512.
rotundata (Epiplcma). 307.
rubea (Otocoris), 20.
rubecula (Erithaous), SO, 117.
— (Motacilla), 117.
— (Myiagra), 222.
rubeculu.s (Pomatorhinus), 225.
rubella (Heterorachi.s), 387.
rubianae (Astur), 250, 251.
rubicunda (Lipomelia), 324.
rubriceps (Lipoeentris), 389.
rubricollis (Campephilus), 301.
— (Podiceps), 96.
rubrimac\ilata (Phorodesnia), 385.
rubritorquis (Trichoglo.ssus), 211.
rubrofrontata (Rhipidura), 261.
rueppelli (Mylothris), 150.
rufa (Aegotheles), 216.
— (Athene), 210.
— (Macropygia), 246.
— (Microgonia), 375.
— (Ninox), 210.
rufaria (Sterrha), 442.
rufescens (aegotheles), 216.
— (Anthu.s), 225.
— (Cinclorhamphus). 225.
— (Cracticus), 228, 229.
rufieapillus (.4egialiti.s). 201.
— (Charadrius), 201.
ruficauda (Bathilda), 238.
ruficeps (Formioarius), 292.
— (Myothera), 292.
ruficornis (Microloxia), 27.
rufico.sta (Anisodcs), 45.
rufifimbria (Haemalea), 323.
nififrons (Rhipidura), 222.
rufigaster (ColUiricincla), 228.
rufigula (Carpophaga), 245.
rufilimcs (Racheolopha), 319.
rufinubes (Omphalucha), 398.
rufipennis (Petrophassa), 194, 197.
rufi.sticta (Lasiophane.s), 333.
rufitacta (Somatina), 390.
rufitergum (Tadorna), 205.
nifithorax (Eudule), 342.
rufiventer (Eudynamis), 2.58.
rufiventris (Pacliycepluila), 280.
rufocastanea (Macropygia), 246.
rufogularis (Entomophila), 235.
rufo-plivaoca (Dendrooincla), 280, 281,
rufo.9chi9taecu3 (Astur), 250, 251.
rufus (C'accabis), 92.
— (Maeropus), 508, 509.
— (Selatophorus), 20.
— (Tetrao). 92.
rupicola (Xanthorhoe). 443.
rustica (Hirundo). 120.
rustieola (Scolopax), 79, 105.
sabella (Arenipses), 32.
sabrinus (Sciuropterus), 170.
Saccoploca, 43.
Saccostomus, 481.
sacra (Demiegretta), 204.
safie (Acraea), 183.
safitza (Mycalesis), 175.
Sagari.s, 314.
salaami (Papilio), 189.
Salamis, 1.35.
Salebria, 30.
salmonacea (Porina), 478.
salomonensis (Eeleetus), 253.
salomonis (Phlegoenas), 247.
sal.sa (Semiothisa), 364.
Saltator, 27(>.
samharcnsis (Ammomanes), 502.
sancta (Halcyon), 215.
sanctus (Halcyon), 257.
Sangalopsis, 349.
Sarcinodes, 9, 10.
saturatius (Edoliisoma), 264.
saturatus (Cuculus), 258.
— (Evotomys), 164, 167, 172, 174
saucia (Agrotis), 440.
Sauloprocta, 260.
Sanris, 12.
saurophaga (Halcyon), 257.
Saxicola, 117.
scalata (Striglina), 411.
Scea, 315, 316.
schecana (Acraea), 184.
Schematorhages, 324. 325.
schistacea (Amblychia), 14.
— (Monobolodes), 8.
schistaccus (Dysithamnus), 284, 285.
Schistophleps, 469.
schliefferi (Scotophilus). 1.
schliiteri (Galerida), 502.
schmitzi (Motacilla), 80, 120.
schoenbergi (Delias), 512.
schokari (Psammophis), 77.
schousboei (Mcriones), 3.
scintillans (Opisthoxia), 348.
— (Striglina), 7.
scitaria (Striglina), 411.
scitula (Eublemma), 25.
( 540 )
Sciurnptenia, 170.
Sciunia, 156, 168, 483, 484.
Bclateri (Anabates), 279.
— (Automolus), 279, 280.
— (Cercomacra). 286. 288. 289.
— (Thripopliaga), 504.
Sclerurus, 279.
Scolitantides, 496.
scolopaiea (Bronchelia), 62.
Scolopax, 79, 105.
Scoparaia. 444-7.
scopulifer (Pule.\), 480.
scoriella (Scoparia), 446.
Scotomera, 29.
Scotophilus, 1.
Scotorithra, 444.
Scythrops, 218.
sectinota (Bursadop.siR), 4.31.
secuncla (Mirafra), 23li. 237.
secutaria (Zamarada), 28.
segetum (.\grotis). 24, 440.
Seisura, 223.
Selatophorus, 20.
Selenidera, 300.
.sellysii (Meriones), 3.
semialbata (Neodesmodes), 361.
semiamplalis (Scoparia), 446.
semicompleta (Bronchelia), 63.
semiconfluens (Panthera), 56.
semifascia (Adcta), 11.
semifasciatus (Diallactes), 28.3.
— (Tliamnophllus), 283, 284.
semifulva (Acolutha), 426.
semilactea (.\lavona), 32.
aemilutea (Gonodela), 434.
Semiothisa, 64, 363-5, 437.
semipalmata (Anseranas), 205.
semiplaga (Phelloe), 315.
semitessellata (Canaea), 410.
seriata (Mesocela), 38.
Sericosema, 361, 362.
Serinus, 80, 124, 125.
serinus (Serinus). 80.
serraticeps (Pulex), 193.
serrator (Mergus), 110.
setivimensis (Barljus), 505.
aetosa (Echidna), 306.
— (Rhipidura), 222.
severus (Faico), 251, 252.
sexdentatus (Ceratophyllus), 167, 168.
sganzini (Aeraea), 182.
sharpiae (Cyclyriu.s). 495.
Bhebae (Astur), 250.
sibila (Collyriocichla), 228.
sichela (L3'caena), 495.
sidamona (Aeraea), 179.
siderata (Melanoscia), 359.
.sidu9 (lolaus), 493.
siginna (Aeraea), 178.
Silas (lolaus), 493.
silcns (.-Vrremon), 275.
— (Tanagra), 275.
similis (Papilio), 191.
simplex (Cnemodes). 320.
— (C!ybolomia), 30.
— (Dysithamnus), 28.5.
— (Lipaugus), 295.
— (Muscicapa), 295.
— (Platypthima), 459.
— (Tliamnopliilus), 284, 285.
simpUcia (Callyphtliima), 177.
— (Ypthima), 177.
simpUciata (Pteroeypha), 338.
simphcihnea (.Aeadra), 401.
Sindris, 511.
sinuaria (Emmiltis), 3.89.
sinuata (Axiodes), 408.
Sittella, 231.
smaragdinus (Porphyrio), 248.
Smierornis, 220.
smithii (Columba), 197.
— (Geophaps), 197.
sobria (Odontocheilopteryx), 23.
sobrina (Dichromatopodia), 321.
soemmerringii (Gazella), 5.
solitaria (Aeschroptcryx), 366.
solomonensia (Eurystomu.s), 254.
— (Halcyon). 256.
— (Phlegoenas), 247.
— (Pseudoptynx), 252.
— (Ptilinopus), 245.
Somateria, 109.
Somatina. 390, 391.
aonorus (Ptilotis), 233.
sophrosyne (Monotrichtis), 132.
soprinataria (Nopia), 406.
sordida (Charagia), 478.
— (Ochroplutodes), 392.
— (Therapis), 40.
sordidus (Pliilenion), 232.
— (Troiiidorliyncluis), 232.
Sorex, 155.
soeia (Papilo), 189.
Spargania, 332, 339.
Sparvius, 208.
spatiaria (Kacasta), 310.
apatiosa (Eiiphaedra), 143.
Spermophila, 278,
Spermophilus, 156, 159, 160.
Sphecotheres, 24 1 .
Sphenostoma, 231.
sphenurus (Halia.stur), 208.
Spilogale, 168.
apilorrhoa (Garpophaga), 196,
( 541 )
spilorrhoa (Myristicivora), 196.
spilota (Peridela), 405.
spinicoUis (Carphibis), 203.
— (Ibis), 203.
spinifera (Euxoa), 24.
spissata (Haggardia), 396.
spissigrada (Mephitis), 158.
spixii (Dendrorni.s), 282, 283.
— (Picolaptes), 282.
splendens (Fringilla), 278.
— (Volatinia), 278.
sjjlendida (Burgena), 511.
sporadata (Acrotomodes), 366.
Sporophila, 278.
squamip&s (Nictomys), 480.
Squatarola, 103.
squatarola (Squatarola), 10.3.
stagnatilis (Ardetta), 204.
— (Butorides), 204.
steinbachi (Rothschildia), 512.
8t«jnegeri (Parus), 500.
stellata (Oenospila), 422
— (Soolitantides), 496.
stellari.? (Cidariophanes), 359.
— (Botaurus), 108.
St<jnalcidia, 358.
St«nodonta, 379.
stonosoma (Banisia), 410.
atenota (Scoparia), 447.
atephani (Ghalcophaps), 246.
Stephanocircu.s, 486.
Sterna, 100, 101, 199, 200.
Sterrha, 391, 442.
Stibarostoma, 424.
Stictonetta, 206.
Stictoptera. 239.
■jtigmatalis (Epiplema), 415.
atigmatella (Anerastia), 30.
Stigmatops, 234.
Stilbon, 465.
Stiltia, 202.
atolida (Grammodea), 25.
stolidus (Anous), 200.
Strabena, 176.
atraminea (Isochromodea), 67.
— (Orthonama), 334.
atratiotcs (Ceratophyllus), 484.
strenua (Ninox), 210.
atrenuaria (Hammaptera), 47.
atriatus (Amytomia), 226.
— (Diusyornis), 226.
strigata (Otocoris), 20.
strigifera (Cortima), 66.
Strig!ina,7, 8,411.
atrigoidps (Podargus). 216.
Rtrix, 113, 210,211.
Stugeta, 493.
Sturnus, 80, 127, 128.
stygne (Sagaris), 314.
aubalbata (Catoria), 432.
— (Haggardia), 396.
aubalbida (Melinoe.ssa), 35.
subapicata (Penthoplebia), 352
aubbrunnea (Nipt«ria), 58,
aubcomosa (Nipteria), 351.
aubconfusa (Oenoptila), 60, 61
subcretata (Gonodela), 37.
subcrinita (Cymatophora), 63.
subcristata (Baza), 231.
aubdistincta (Epiplema), 381.
aubfasciata (Oenoptila), 61.
aubflavata (Agathiopsis), 421.
aubfulva (Anthierax), 11, 12.
— (Hylemera), 395.
aubfulvida (Hypocoela), 385.
— (Sarcinodes), 9.
Bubjecta (Pheroteaia), 356, 357.
subjunctaria (Erateina), 344.
subhistris (Gonanticlea), 11.
aubnigrata (Anthierax), 12.
— (Iridopsis), 355.
aubnotata (Melanchroia), 349.
subocellatua (Bicyclus), 131.
— (Mycalesi,s). 131.
subocularis (Stigmatops), 234.
subornata (Trotogonia), 71.
subpallida (Anisodes), 320.
aubplacens (Charmosynopsia), 253.
aubpulchrata (Anapalta), 47.
— (Nadagarodes), 435.
aubpurpurea (Parachoreutcs), 310.
aubroaea (Crypsityla), 321.
aubrubescens (Eriopygidia), 332.
aubrubrata (Thalassodes), 10.
aubrufata (Marmopt«ryx), 343.
3ub.aordida (Nipteria), 351.
aubumbrata (Hypolamprus), 6.
aubvenata (Penthophlebia), 59.
aubviridis (Thalassodes). 10.
sudanata (Peridela), 28.
Sula, 110,206.
aula (Sula), 206.
sulciroatris (Phalacrocorax), 206.
sumatrana (Ardea), 203.
superba (Columba). 244.
— (Ptilinopus). 244.
superbus (Erithacus), 117.
superciliosa (Anas), 206, 248.
— (Collurieincla), 227.
superior (Strighna), 7.
surinanuis (Tacliyphonus), 275.
— (Turdus), 275.
ousurrans (Dendrornis), 283.
swainsoni (Ptilinopus), 196.
(542)
sybilla (Craspedosis), 431.
Syllexis. 348.
Sylvia, 80, 118, 119, 223.
Synallaxis, im.
Syndromodes, 27, 34, 35.
Synelys, 35, 325, 391.
Syngria, 309.
Syngriodes, 309.
Synoious, 195.
Syntarucus, 494.
Synthimia, 25.
Syrnium, 113.
Syrtodes, 361.
Tachyphonus, 274, 275.
Tadorna, 205.
Taeniopygia, 239.
tiihitica (Hirundo), 260.
taitensia (Cuculus), 258.
— (Urodynamis), 258.
talpae (Hystriehopsylla), 480. 487, 491.
Tamias, 162.
Tanagra, 271-6, 278.
Tanaostyla, 311.
tangitana (Lacerta), 74.
Tantalus, 203.
Tapera, 299.
Taphozous, 1.
tarabuli (Gerbillus), 3.
tasmanicus (Uropsylla), 488.
Tatera, 2.
Tatorhyncus, 24.
Taurotragu.s, 447.
tecellatus (Troglodytes), 270.
tectus (Buoco), 296.
telchinum (Ceratophyllus), 153.
telegoni (Ceratophyllu.s), 172-4.
telesohowi (Eremophila), i502.
telicanus (Syntarucus), 494.
temminckii (Pelidna), 10,5.
Tenaris, 451, 454.
tenella (Acraea), 181.
t«nuilinea (Pyrinia), 378.
tenuimargo (Racheospila), 319.
tcnuiorata (Negia), 394.
tenuirostris (Dendrocolaptes), 282.
tenuis (Cyllopoda), 312.
Tephrina, 14, 28.
Tephrinopsis, 436.
Tephroclystia, 52, 339, 392, 340, 443.
Teracolu-s, 21, 22, 151, 1.52.
terinus (Ccratophyllus), 15S.
tcrpsicore (Acraea), 180.
— (Heliconius), 180.
— (Papilio), 180.
t«8taccata (Ephyra), 388.
testicularis (Arvicanthis), 4.
tetragonata (Aeschroptery.x), 306.
Tetrao, 92, 304, 305.
Thalassidroma, 96, 97.
thalassina (Oospila), 318.
Thalassodes, 10.
Thalpochares, 441.
Thalurania, 297.
Thamnomanes, 285.
Thamnophilus, 279, 283-5, 290.
thcaria (Rambara), 383.
theklae (Galorida), 502.
themis (Euphaedra), 141.
theophane (Aterica), 139.
theophrastus (Cupido), 22.
Therapis, 40.
Thcretra, 512.
thesprio (Acraea), 182.
thomensis (Tuerta), 512.
Thripophaga, 503.
Thryothorus, 271.
Thysanocraspeda, 309, 310.
Thysanopyga, 61.
tibetanus (Parus), 500.
tibicen (Gymnorhina), 230.
tibuUus (Papilio). 187.
timoriensis (Herodias), 204.
Tinamus, 305.
Tinnunculus, 112.
tiununculus (Cerchueis), 112.
tirikensis (Pseudacraea), 138.
tithonus (Troides), 460, 461.
Tithraustes, 316.
Tityra, 294, 295.
togoi?nsi3 (Pseudacraea), 137.
torda (Alca), 99.
torquata (Corythopis), 293.
torquatus (Astur), 207, 208.
torsilinea (Mi.xocera), 44.
Totanus, 104, 202.
traohelopyrus (Cainpcphilus), 300, 301.
— (Megapicus), 300.
tranquilla (Geopelia), 196.
transiens (Bicyclus), 131.
— (Myealesis), 131.
— (Myrice), 315.
translucida (Cirrhosoma), 54, 55.
transversata (Coclura), 42.
trapczalis (Marasmia), 29.
triangularis (Dystypoptila), l.'i.
triangulifera (Kpiplema). 8.
Triccntra, 325, 326.
Trichoglossus, 211, 252.
triciuctaria (Bursada), 430.
tricolor (Caprima), 477
— (tk'blepyris), 225.
— (Lalagc), 225.
(543)
tricolor (Muscicapa), 221, 260.
— (Myiarchus), 293.
— (Rhipidura), 221, 260.
tridaotylus (Rissa), 102.
tridens (Hippcsiderus), 1.
trigeminata (Euzophera), 30.
trillista (Cambogia), 51.
Tringa, 105, 128, 200, 202.
triocellata (Pseudonympha), 133.
tripartita (Hypolepis), 49.
— (Psaliodes), 49.
trisecta (Niptcria), 352.
triseriaria (Abraxas), 429.
tristrami (Halcyon), 256, 257.
— (Nasiterna), 254.
trocaz (Coluraba), 80, 81, 94.
Trochilus, 297.
trochilus (Cbilades), 496.
Troglodytes, 270.
Trogonophis, 73.
Troides, 448, 452-4, 450, 461.
Tropidonotus, 77.
Tropidorhynchus, 232.
Trotogonia, 70, 71.
tryma (Ephialtias), 314.
tuberculifer (Myiarchus), 29.3.
— (Tyrannus), 293.
tucumani (Rothschildia). 512.
Tuerta, 512.
tuipara (Brotogeris), 302.
— (Psittacus), 302.
tumulus (Megapodius), 195.
tunneyi (Cracticus), 228, 229.
Turacoena, 246.
turbiuata (Isochromodes), 68.
Turdus, 80, 115. 116, 267, 275.
turgida (.Josia), 314.
turkestannicus (Parus), 498.
Turnix, 195.
Turtur, 94.
tyrannina (Ctroomacra), 286, 289.
— (Pyriglena), 286.
Tyrannus, 293.
ubaldus (Azanus), 494.
— (Cupido), 22.
Udea, 444.
ucalegon (Papilio), 189.
ugiensis (Zosterops), 265.
ula (Morphopsis), 454.
ulceratalis (Cornifrons), 29.
umanus (Papilio), 191.
umbretta (Sclerurus), 279.
umbrimargo (Epiplema), 414.
undalis (Hullula), 29.
undulatus (Melopsittacus), 214.
undulatus (Psittacus), 214.
undulinea (Eucrostes), 384.
unicincta (Diglossa), 504.
unicolor (Gonodela), 403.
— (Haematopus), 200.
— (Ptilotis), 233.
— (Syndromodes), 27.
uniformis (Decetia), 8.
— (Hypocoela), 385.
— (Ypthima), 134.
unipuncta (Leucania), 440.
Upupa, 114.
Uranodoxa, 432.
Uranothauma, 493.
ustanalis (Epiplema), 41.5.
ustipennis (Perixera), 423.
ustiplaga (Epiplema), 415.
uvidula (Euchloris), 27.
urbica (Chelidon), 120.
Urodynamis, 258.
Uropsylla, 487, 488.
uropygialis (Pardalotus), 236.
vacillans (Antepirrhoe), 327.
Tacuata (Dioptis), 313.
— (Epiplema), 416.
Vanellus, 103.
vanellus (Vanellus), 103.
Vanessa, 81.
Vanga, 229.
varia (Burgena), 472.
— (Muscicapa), 293.
variabilis (Leptaletis), 383.
variegata (.Azata), 434.
Tariegatus (Crypturus), 305.
— (Cuculus), 217.
— (Numenius), 201.
— (Tetrao), 305.
— (Tinamus), 305.
variolosus (Cacomantis), 218.
— (Cuculus), 218.
varius (Empidonomus), 293.
vegetus (Macrocorax), 268.
velox (Hcmipodius), 195.
— (Turnix), 195.
velutinus (Mus), 487.
venata (Lomographa). 349.
Teninotata (Erosia), 42.
venustula (Canaea), 6.
vcredus (Charadrius). 201.
— (Ochthodromus), 201.
veronica (Diestogyna), 146.
versicolor (Astur), 249.
— (Triclioglossus), 211.
versiplaga (Eucymatogc), 339.
verticata (Perusia), 377.
( 544 )
vesulift (Microgonia), 374.
vioaria (Mycal&sis). 175.
vicinus (CeratophylUis), 484.
Victoria, 387.
vidua (Hypocnemis), 269, 290, 291.
villosissima (Zaglossus), 305, 30fi.
vinctalis (Tatorhyncus), 24.
vinculata (Epiplema), 416.
vinidia (Acraea), 181.
violaceus (Pionias), 302.
violilavata (Tanagra), 274.
viperinus (Tropidonotus), 77.
virginalis (.Abraxas), 13.
virgo (Pieridopsi.s), 457.
viridalbata (Rhodesia), 386.
viridicaerulea (Euphacdra), 139-41.
viridifascia (Ischnopteris), 60.
viridis (Crecisciis), 304.
— (Oriolus), 241.
— (Pitylus), 276.
— (Rallus), 304.
Tiriditincta (Paradarisa), 399.
viscivorus (Tiirdus), 1 15.
Vitessidia, 475.
vitrifcra (Dioptis), 43.
vittata (Hyposidra), 437.
viverrinus (Dasyiirus), 490.
Tivida (Syndroniodes), 35.
vivipara (Lacerta), 75.
Volatinia, 278.
vulgaris (Acanthodactylus), 76.
— (Anguilla), 505.
— (Chamaeleon), 77.
— (Coturnix), 92.
— (Mycalesis), 176.
— (Nesophila), 436.
— (Stumus), 80, 127.
vulpccula (Azelina), 367.
Vulpes, 2.
vulpes (Vulpes), 2.
vulpina (Semiothisa), 365.
vultuaria (Sarcinodes), 10,
vulturina (Caica), 302.
— (Gvpopsitta), 302.
vulturinus (Psittacus), 302.
wardi (Euphaedra), 143.
— (Hylemera), 395.
waters! (Dipodillus), 1, 3.
waterstradti (Bursadopsis), 431.
webstcri (Mynes), 451, 4.54.
weiskei (Papilio), 4.13. 461.
— (Phirdana), 454.
welchmani (Graucalus), 263, 264.
wickhami (Ceratophyllus), 166-8.
wiedi (Troglodytes), 270.
wiedii (Pteroglnssus), 300.
wiegmanni (Trogonophis), 73.
witherbyi (Acomys), 1, 4.
woUastoni (Scotomera), 29.
woodfordi (Astur), 249.
— (Eulabeomis), 248.
— (Maerocorax), 268.
— (Rallina), 248.
woodfordiana (Macroptcryx), 259.
woodwardi (Colluricincla), 228.
— (Macropus), 508, 510.
— (Mirafra), 237.
xanthogcnys (Platycercus), 212, 213.
xanthomcrius (Pionites), 303.
Xanthorhoe, 443.
Xanthospilopteryx, 511
Xanthyris, 316.
Xenimpia, 407.
Xeuocara, 242.
Xenoecista, 65, 437.
Xenorhynchus, 203.
xipharcs (Charaxe.-i), 78.
Xipholena, 269, 295.
xypete (Euphaedra), 141-3.
yerma (Aplogonipha), 54.
Ypthima, 134, 176, 177.
Zaglossus, 305, 306.
zahnoxis (Papilio), 186.
Zamarada, 28.
Zanclopera, 438.
Zanclopteryx, 382.
zayros.siensis (Parus), 498.
zcnobia (Papilio), 189.
zetes (Acraea). 179.
Zeuzerodes, 41.
Zizcra, 22, 496.
zonarius (Barnardius), 21.3.
Zosterops, 265, 266,
EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.
I'l. I.
Fig. 1. O/iliisaiir^i.'i kot'llihivi.
„ \a. „ „ nppev surface of lipad.
,, 2fi. Lacrrtn 0('tf//<-/^*, upper snrfaco of head.
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Fin;. 1. Lneerta orcllnta.
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NOVITATES ZOOLOGIC^ VOL. XII. 1905.
PL II.
l.LACERTA OCELLATA.
2. LACERTA MURAX.IS.
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EXPLANATION OF PLATE IV.
Vk
NoVlTATES ZoOLOGIC.t. \'0L. XII, 1905.
I'l.. W.
HKNTSCIIEI. C01.0LltTVl'H
EXPLANATION OF PLATE V.
1. X((iithospilopterijx catori Jordan, Nuc. Xool. xi. p. 44:^, type, Sierra
Leone.
:.'. Argyroleputia aequalis integra id.. I.e. xi. p. 44<i, ? from Isabel.
3. Pais wjassana, Bartel (1903), c? from Bihd, Angola.
4. Li/ichi.s mnf/nijira Jordan, I.e. xi. p. 447, type, Angola.
.j. I'.seudo.tpiris jiir/itxia Jordan, I.e. xi. p. 444, type, Angola.
0. Jiunjena reihwta Rothscli & Jord., I.e. x. p. 4s7, tyjje. Knliiniliangr.i.
7. Capiimima eaeruleseens bouyaiiiciUei, type, Bougainville.
8. „ „ isabclla llothsch. it Jord., I.e. viii. p. 4'J-', type,
Isabel.
„ ,, monoius Jordan, I.e. xi. p. 443, ty[)e, Treasury.
Clerekia miles ei/bdela, type, Bougainville.
>) II II ))
11 11 II ))
Theretn poli.'itratu.^ Rothschild, I.e. xi. p. 440, tyj)e, British New Guinea.
llot/isehiltHa taeumani Uoguin (1901), cJ from Tucuman, type of li. stcin-
haeki Rothschild, I.e. xi. p. 601 (1904).
Melanitis a/isorgei Rothschild, I.e. xi. p. 451, type, ('ongo.
Tuerta tliomensis Jordan, I.e. xi. p. 445, type, St. Thome.
I)eliais sehoenbeiyi elwiseuU Rothschild, I.e. xi. p. 453, type, Choiseul.
Rotltia puiiijaniea Karsch (IbOS), S from Usambara.
NOVITATBS ZOOLOGIC.T.. VoL. XII. 1905.
Pl. v.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICS. VOL. XH. 1905.
Pl.VI.
rdan del.
V'ffl.st
Luf..--'.3lvK.V.'e£ser,Jtni
NOVITATES ZOOLOGIC/t VOL.XH. 1905
Pl.VII.
18.
19.
NOVITATE S ZOOLOGI C^E.V0L..X]1 .1 905 .
PI .VIII.
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NOVITATES ZoOLOGIC^,Voi..XI1.1905,
PI. IX
Kjordan. d£l,.
vm.si'.
Mmt.ern.Bros.lJtK.
NoviTATES ZooLOGiOE -Vol XII .1905.
Pl.X
J S.Kc»JemA.TVs del.et litK.
(?^,HALCYON BOUGAINVILLE! RothscK.
Mii\tern.Br o s imp .
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NOVITATES ZoOLOGlC/K. Vol.. \II. I9OS.
Pi- XII.
Taurotragus DKRBIANUS i AD.
(Bahr cl GImzalJ.
EXPLANATION OF PLATES XIII. AND XIV.
Fij:. 1 . Sexnal apparatus of c? of Pulex roberti
Eighth alidominal sternite of ? of Pulex roberti
„ „ „ „ CeratophylluH cah-i'atus
Sexual apparatus of cJ of Ceratophyllus calceatuH
,, „ „ Pulex scopulifer
Eighth abdominal sternite of ? of Ce.ratojihyllug rohin.soii
Sexnal apparatus of 6 of Ceratophyllus vicinus .
„ „ „ „ stratioteii
Head of Macropsylla hercules ....
Eighth abdomiijal sternite of ? oi Macropsylhi. hercules
Head of Uropsyllu tasmanicus ....
Eiglith abdominal sternite of ? of Uropsylla tasmariii
Head of CtenopsyUus ellobius ....
Sexnal apparatus of 3 of Ctenopsyllus ellobius .
Eighth abdominal sternite of ? of Ctenopsyllus ellobius
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
p. 479
p. 479
p. 481
p. 481
]). 480
p. 483
p. 484
p. 484
p. 48G
p. 486
p. 488
p. 488
II. 490
ji. 490
]i. 491)
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICA VoL. XIT. 1905.
PL.xm.
K, Jordiui eel.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICA, VoL.Xn.l905
F
Pl.XIV.
K.Jordan de".
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE.
H journal of ZooIoqy-
EDITED BY
The Hon. WALTER ROTHSCHILD, Ph.D.,
De. ERNST HARTERT, and De. K. JORDAN.
Vol. XII.
No. 1.
Pahes 1— 24i. Plates I., II., III., VI., VII., VIII., IX.
Issued, Fedruaiit IItii, at the Zoological Museum, Tkixg.
I'HINTKLi HV HAZKLI,. WAT,SON A: VINEV, Ld., LONDON AND AYLESBURY.
1905.
Vol. XII.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE.
EDITED BV
WALTER ROTHSCHILD, ERNST HARTERT, and KARL JORDAN.
Harold Schwann
William Warren
CONTENTS OF NO. I.
A LIST OF THE MAMMALS COLLECTED
BY THE HON. N. C. ROTHSCHILD, THE
HON. F. Pv. HENLEY, AND MK. A. F.
R. WOLLASTON IN EGYPT AND THE
SOUDAN IN JANUARY, FEBRUARY,
AND MARCH, 1904
NEW SPECIES OF TEYRIDIDAE, UKANII-
DAE, AND GEOMETKIDAE, FROJI THE
ORIENTAL REGION . . . . .
BEJIARKS UPON SOME THEORIES IN RE-
GARD TO THE MIGRATION OF BIRDS .
LEPIDOPTERA FROM THE SUDAN
(Plate IV.)
NEW SPECIES OF OEOMETHIDAE FROM
THE AETHCOPIAN REGION .
NEW TEYRIDIDAE, URANIIDAE, AND
GEOMETRIDAE FROM SOUTH AND
CENTRAL AMERICA
AN ACCOUNT OF THE REPTILES AND
EATRACIIIANS COLLECTED BY MR.
F. W. RIGGENBACH IN THE ATLAS
OF MOROCCO (Plates I., II.) .
SOME UNDESCRIBED LEPIDOPTERA .
ON THE BIRDS OF THE AZORES (Plate III.)
1—5
6—15
W. Rmkin BiUterfield 15—20
William Wai-ren ami
N. C. Rothschild 21— .33
William Warroi
William Warren
34—40
41—72
G. A. lloidenger . ■ 73 — 77
Walter Rothschild . 78—79
Ernst Ifarlerl and W.
R. 0,jHrie-G)-ant 80—128
10. NEUE AETHIOPISCHE RHOPALOCERA DES
K.GL. MUSEUMS FUR NATURKUNDE
IN BERLIN
11. ON NORTH AMERICAN CERATOrHYLLUS,
A GENUS OF SIPHONAPTERA (Plates
VI., VII., VIII., IX.)
12. LEPIDOPTERA COLLECTED BY OSCAR
NEUMANN IN NORTH-EAST AFRICA .
13. SOME'FURTHER NOTES ON PULEX CAA'IS
CURTIS AND PULEX FELIS BOUCHE .
14. LIST OF BIRDS COLLECTED IN NORTH-
WESTERN AUSTRALIA AND ARNHEM-
LAND BY MR. J. T. TUNNEY .
15. DESCRIPTION OF A NEW LORICARIID
FISH OF THE GENUS XEXOCARA
FROM VENEZUELA
Max Bartel
. 129—152
.V. C. Rothschild . 153—174
Waller Rothschild and
Karl Jordan . 170 — 191
X. C. Rothschild
Ernst Ilarterl
192—193
194—242
C. Tate Reijan
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A REVISION OF THE LEPIDOPTEROUS FAMILY
SPHINGIDAE.
BY THE
Hon. WALTER ROTHSCHILD, Ph.D.
AXD
KARL JORDAN, M.A.L., Ph.D.
PRICE: for Booksellers, £5; for the Public, £6.
cxxxv and 972 pages, with 67 Pliites.
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Advertisements of Zoological Objects and Zoological Books only accepted.
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Dr. STAUDINGSR & BANG-HAAS,
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In their New Trick I.ist, Xo. XLVI.. offer more
thanl(i,000-.Siiecieso£ well-Damed LKPIDOPTEKA,
set or in Papers, from all parts ol' the wnvld, in
■finest condition; 1,400 kinds of PREPAUKD
LARVAE; numerous MVING PUPAE, etc. Sepa-
RATK Price Lists, Xos. XX, and XXIT.. for
C'OLEOPTEUA (21,(100 Spccios).
Ll.STS V. and VI., for IIYMEJJOPTERA (2,St)0
ISjiecies). DIPTERA (l.R.W), HEMIPTERA (L.l.iO),
NEUKOPTERA (530), ORTHOPTERA (imC).
All Lists haTe.*:.oonv6nicnt index of genera.
Lihiral Ditivtnnit /i>r^('ii-th Orth-rx. Prietn lt<u\
WiLHELM SCHLUETER,
HALLE-a.-S., GERMANY.
LARGEST STOCK OF
European and Exotic BIRO SKINS.
Euiopean and Exotic BIRDS' EGGS
In stock : nearly 20,000 Bird Skins and 80,000 Birds' Eggs
LATEST PRICE-LISTO FOST FREE OS API'LICATION.
A ncir Cataloffue of jBxotlc Birds, cttntainiiiif viorv
than 2,000 speciis, trill be published shortly.
Skins and Eggs sent on approval if desired.
Collectors In many parts of the World.
I.iiffieftI Estftblinliiiifiil on Itie Coittiiictil.
W. F. H. ROSENBERG,
Importer of EXOTIC ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS,
57, HAVERSTOCK HILL, LONDON, N.W.
Fresh consignments are constantly arriving, in-
cluding MAMMALS, BIBDS, EIKDS' EGGS.
KEPTILES, AMPHIBIANS, FISHES, INSECTS
OF AIL ORDERS, SHELLS, etc., etc., from all
parts of the world.
Localities Guaranteed.
Specimeks Sent on approval.
RECENT ARRIVALS
From Wetter, Roma, Moa, Kisser,
Buru and the Tukang Besi
Islands, south of Celebes: from
Morocco, Trinidad, Tobago and
Abyssinia:
Collections of properly labelled birdskins,
containing many rarities.-
I'riro Lists No. 2, Hirdshins anil SkoUUns (over
20(10 sjiKcics), ami Xo. 3, JfamvialsUiis, SMrfoiis
and sficoiiiifiis in sjiiril (over 200 sperirs), sent pu.-<t
tree ort appliration.
For detailed lists qfthe dbove'dpply to —
W. F. H. ROSENBERG,
57, Haverstock Hill, London, N.W.
ROWLAND WARD, Ltd.,
"The Jungle,"
166, PICCADILLY, LONDON, W.
MAMMALS, BIRDS,
ETHNOGRAPHICAL SPECIMENS
for Museums.
Great Auk Egg for Sale,
Price £200.
R. TANCRE,
AMLAM, POMMERN, GERMANY,
receives every year from his collectors Large
Collections of LEPIDOPTERA from CEN-
TRAL A SI A (Turkestan, Kukischa.Nortberii
Tbibet) and EASTERN SIBERIA (Amoor),
and sells all bis Duplicates at very Moderate
Prices. Price Lists post free to any address
on application.
K. TANORK.
Anmuil .'inlscrijilion to '■ Xovitntes /Conloyicue," £1 Is.
Price of Yem-li) Volume, to/ten completed, £1 lOs. (Commission for Booksdlera on
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Communications, etc., may be addressed to
THE EDITORS OF •■ NOVITATE8 ZOOLOQICAE,"
ZOOLOGICAL MUSEUM,
TRING.
fiasTEu BY iia:;ei.l, watsos and Vli'EV, ld.. londos asd atlesduby.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE,
H 3ouvnal of Zooloo^.
KMTED BV
The Hon. WALTER ROTHSCHILD, Ph.D.,
De. ERNST HARTERT, and Dk. K. JORDAN.
Vol. XII.
No. 2.
Pages 24.3—512. Plates IV, V, X to XIV.
Issued, September 20th, at the Zoological Musel.m, Tring.
PRINTED BY HAZBLL, WATSON is VINEV, Ld., LONUON AND AYLESBUKY.
1905.
Vol. XII.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE
EDITED BY
WALTER ROTHSCHUO, EKNST HARTERT, and KARL JORDAN.
8.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
IG.
18.
CONTENTS OF NO. II.
PAGES
FURTHER CONTRIBUTIOKS TO OUR
KNOWLEDGE OF THE ORNIS OF THE Walter RotlischiU and
SOLOMON ISLANDS (Plate X.) . . Erml Hartert . 243—268
NOTES ON A COLLECTION OF BIRDS MADE
BY MONS. A. ROBERT IN THE DIS-
TRICT OF PARA, BRAZIL . . . ('. E. Udh,un,r . 269—305
NOTES ON ZAOLOSSUS AND DESCRIPTION
OF A NEW SUBSPECIES OF ECIIIDXA
in'STRlX Waller Rothschild . 305— 30G
NEW AMERICAN TUYRIDIDXE, URANII-
DAE, AND GEOMETRIDAE . . . William Wan-e>i . 307-379
NEW AFRICAN THYRIDIDAE, URANIIDAE,
AND GEOMETRIDAE William Warren . 380—409
NEW SPECIES OF THYRIDIDAE, URAXII-
DAE, AND GEOMETRIDAE, FROM THE
ORIENTAL REGION Willimi Warren . 410—438
LEPIDOPTERA COLLECTED BY W. R.
OGILVIE GRANT ON THE AZORES AND
MADEIRA IN 1903 William Wan-eu . 439—447
NOTE ON THE ELAND OF THE WHITE '
NILE (Plate XII.) Walter- Rolliachild . . 447
ON SOilE NEW LEPIDOPTERA DISCOVERED Walter Rothschild ami
BY A.S.MEEK IN BRITISH NEW GUINEA Karl .Tordan . 448—478
SOME NEW SIPHONAPTERA (Plates XIIL,
XIY.) X 0. RothschiM . 479—491
NOTES ON SOJIE OF THE LYCAENIDAE
COLLECTED BY DOHERTY ON THE
KIKUYU ESCARPMENT, NOW IN THE
TRING MUSEUM G. T. Bethune-RaUr . 492— 49G
MISCELLANEA ORNITHOLOGICA (Part II.) Er.xst Ilartet-t . . 497—503
DESCRIPTION OF TWO NEW BIRDS DIS-
COVERED BY MR. O, T. BARON IN
NORTHERN PERU C. E. Ilelhiayr . 503—504
ANOTHER NEW 7?.i;.'Z;r,')' FROM MOROCCO. G. A. Bouknger . . 505
NOTE ON A PECULIAR SECONDARY
SEXUAL CHARACTER FOUND AMONG
GEOMETRIDAE AT THE SENSORY
ORGAN SITUATED AT THE BASE OF
THE ABDOMEN Karl .lordan . . 50G— 508
NOTE ON MACRORCS RUFUS DESM., WITH
DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SUBSPECIES. Walter Rothschild . .508
NOTES ON TWO KANGAROOS FROM THE
"NORTHERN TERRITORY OF SOUTH
AUSTRALIA," WITH DESCRIPTION OF
A NEW SPECIES Waltei- Rotltschild . 5119—510
NOTES TO PLATE V. , . . . Karl Jordan . . 511—512
Soeben epschien Just Published :
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. EINES NATURFORSCHERS.
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A REVISION OF THE LEPIDOPTEROUS FAMILY
SPHINGIDAE.
BY THE
Hon. WALTER ROTHSCHILD, Ph.D.
AKD
KARL JORDAN, M.A.L., Ph.D.
PRICE: for Booksellers, £5; for the Public, £6.
cxxxv and 972 pages, with 67 Flutes.
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■ • Volume IX. of " Xovitates Zoolngicae."
Advertisements of Zoological Objects and Zoological Books only accepted.
Subscriptions for the present Volume are due NOW.
Dr. STAUDINGEK & BANG-HAAS,
BLASEWITZ-DRESDEN,
In their N'EW Price List, No. XLVI.. offer more
than liJ.OUOyijeciesoE well-named LKI'IDOl'TEKA,
-set or in Papers, from all parts of the world, in
finest condition; 1,400 kinds o£ PEEPAEED
LARVAE ; numerous LIVING PUPAE, etc. Sepa-
rate Price List.s, Nos. XX. and XXII., for
rOLEOPTERA (21,000 Species).
Lists V. and'VI., for HYMEXOPTERA (2,800
Species), DIPTERA (1,850), HEMIPTEEA (l,.5.-.0),
NEDROPTEEA (5.J0), ORTHOPTERA (9.50).
All Lists have a convenient index of genera.
Lihrral Vl^connt ftn' Cash Or/fer.-i
en !„w.
WlLHELM SCHLUETER,
HAL,LE;-a.-S., GERMANY.
LARGEST STOCK OF
European and Exotic BIRD SKINS.
Euiopean and Exotic BIRDS' EGGS
In stock : nearly 20,000 Bird Skins and 60,000 Birds' Eggs
l.ATPST l^mi K-l.lSl^ I'OST KKFK QX AI'FI.ICATIOS.
A neif Cataloijite of Exotir Birdx^ rontainiiiij vioye
than 2M00 apt^cics, trill hr 2nih}i!<?ted ghortlij.
Skins and £ggs sent on approval if desired.
Collectors In many parts of the World.
f>rrj-//fK.' KstithliNttntftit on f/if f'nuHiteiit.
W. F. H. ROSENBERG,
Importer of EXOTIC ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS,
57, HAVERSTOCK HILL, LONDON, N.W.
Fresh consignments are constantly arriving, in-
cluding MAMMALS, BIRDS, BIRDS' EGGS,
REPTILES, AMPHIBIANS, FISHES, INSECTS
OF ALL ORDERS, SHELLS, etc., etc., from all
parts of the world.
Localities Guaranteed.
Speci3ie>'S Sent on Approval.
Price Lists No. 2, Jlirdxliim and Skilvtons (over
2000 sjKcies), and Xn. :!, MamvmUsMns, Sheletont
and sjiecimens hi spirit (orer 200 spceies), sent po.t
free on application.
RECENT ARRIVALS
From Wetter, Roma, Moa, Kisser,
Buru and the Tukang Besi
Islands, south of Celebes: from
Morocco, Trinidad, Tobago and
Abyssinia:
Collections of properly labelled bii'dskins,
containing many rarities.
For dctiiilctl /|■^■^^■ of the above apply to —
W. F. H. ROSENBERG,
57, Haverstock Hill, London, N.W.
ROWLAND WARD, ud.,
"The Jungle,"
166, PICCADILLY, LONDON, W.
MAMMALS, BIRDS,
ETHNOGRAPHICAL SPECIMENS
for Museums.
Great Auk Egg for Sale,
Price £200.
R. TAN C RE,
AMLAM, POMMERN, GERMANY,
receives every year from liis collectors Large
Collections of LEPIDOPTERA from CEN-
TRAL A'SIA'(Turkestan, Kiiklscha,Northern
Thibet) and EASTERN SIBERIA (Amoor),
and sells all his Duplicates at very Moderate
Prices. Price Lists post free to any address
on application.
R. rANCRK>'
Annual Suhacription to '• Xovitates Zouloglcue," £1 Is.
Price of Yearly Volume, lohen completed, £1 10s. (Commission for Booksellers on
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Communication*, etc., may be addressed to
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ZOOLOQICAL MUSEUM,
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IHINTKD BV IIAZCLL, WAT.SOS AND VINEV, Lit., LONDON* AND AVr.ESBUKV.
20
JAH.1906
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE,
H journal of ZooIoq^^,
EDITED BY
The Hon. WALTER EOTHSCHILD, Ph.D.,
De. ERNST HARTERT, and Dk. K. JORDAN.
Vol. XII.
No. 3.
Pages 513—544.
Issued, Decembbb 30th, at the Zoological Museum, Tring.
PRINTED BY HAZELL, WATSON i VINEy, Lo., LONDON AND AYLESBUKY.
1905.
Vol. XII.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE.
EDITED BY
WALTER ROTHSCHILD, ERNST HARTERT, and KARL JORDAN.
CONTENTS OF NO. III.
INDEX TO VOLUME XII 513
(TITLE-PAGE AND CONTENTS OF VOLUME XII.)
PAGES
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Reisen und Forschungen in Afrika, Asien und Amerika
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Text. Klein -4. In Leinenband.
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One Volume of xv and 329 pages, with 13 Plates and 17 Illustrations in
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PRICE £1 5s.
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R. FRIEDLANDER & SOHN, Carlstr. 11, Berlin.
MARTINUS NIJHOFF, 's Geavenhage, Holland.
A REVISION OF THE LEPIDOPTEROUS FAMILY
SPHINGIDAE.
BT THE
Hon. WALTER ROTHSCHILD, Ph.D.
and
KARL JORDAN, M.A.L., Ph.D.
PRICE : for Booksellers, £5 ; for the Public, £6.
cxxxv and 972 pages, with 67 Plates.
The Work has been presented (free of charge) to all subscribers to
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Advertisements of Zoological Objects and Zoological Books only accepted.
Subscriptions for the present Volume are due NOW.
Dr. STAUDINGER & BAHG-HAAS,
BUASEWITZ-DRESDEN,
In tlieir New Trice List. No. XLVI.. offer more
than 10,000 Species o{ well-named LEriDOPTER.\,
set or in Papers, from all parts of the world, in
finest condition; 1,400 kinds of PREPARED
LARVAE ; numerous LIVING PDPAE,etc. Sepa-
rate Price Lists, Nos. XX. and XXII., for
C'OLEOPTERA (21,000 Species).
Lists V. and VI., for HYMRNOPTERA (2,800
Species), DIPTERA (1,850), HEMIPTERA (1,550),
NEDROPTERA (550), ORTHOPTERA (960).
All Lists have a convenient index of genera.
Liberal Disnmntfur Paxil Onln-x. Prires Inir.
WiLHELM SCHLUETER,
HALLE-a.-S., GERMANY.
LARGEST STOCK OF
European and Exotic BIRD SKINS.
European and Exotic BIRDS' EGGS
In siock : nearly 20,000 Bird Skins and 60,000 Birds' Eggs
LATEST PUICE-LISTB POST FRF.E ON APPLICATION.
A neie Catalogue of Exotic Birds, containing more
than 2,000 species, Kill ie published shortly.
SMns and Eggs sent on approval if desired
Collectors In many parts of the World.
r.iifitent trMtnhliHUnirnt on the Coutinent.
W. F. H. ROSENBERG,
Importer of EXOTIC ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS,
57, HAVERSTOCK HILL, LONDON, N.W.
Fresh consignments are constantly arriving, in-
cluding MAMMALS, BIRDSKINS, BIRDS' EGGS.
EEPTILES, AMPHIBIANS, FISHES, INSECTS
OF ALL OKDERS, SHELLS, etc., etc., from all
parts of the world.
Localities Guaranteed.
Specimens Sent on Approval.
Prire Lists No. 3, ilammal-sltins, SMrlons, and
Spirit Specimeiis, and Xo. i. Erotic Birds' Eggs, sent
post free on application.
ROWLAND WARD, ud.,
"The Jungle,"
166, PICCADILLY, LONDON, W.
MAMMALS, BIRDS,
ETHNOGRAPHICAL SPECIMENS
for Museums.
Great Auk Egg tor Sale,
Price £200.
RECENT ARRIVALS :
A fine collection of pinned Syn-
tomidae and Arctiidae from the
Caura Valley, Venezuela, including
many extraordinary mimics.
All specimens in excellent condition, with
exact locality.
For particulars apply to—
W. F. H. ROSENBERG,
57, Haverstock Hill, London, N.W.
R. TAN C RE,
AMLAM, POMMERN, GERMANY,
I'eceives every yrar from hi.s collectors Large
Collections of LEPIDOPTERA from CEN-
TRAL ASIA(Tnrkestan,Kiil<lscba,Northern
Thibet) and EASTERN SIBERIA (Amoor),
and selLs all his Duplicates at very Moderate
Prices. Price Lists post free to any address
on application.
R. TANCRB.
Annual .Subscription to " Novitates Zoolor/icae," £1 Is.
Price of Yearly Volume, when completed, £1 10s. (Commission fur Booksellers on
completed volumes only.)
Communications, etc., may be addressed to
THE EDITORS OF "NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE,"
ZOOLOOICAL MUSEUM,
TftlNG.
PWNTEP aV DAZBLL, WATBON ANP VINKY, LD., LONDON AND ATLKSUUHY.
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