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NOYITATES Z00L0GICAE

H Journal of Zoolo<3\>.

EDITED BY

The Hon. WALTEE EOTHSCHILD, Ph.D.,

Dr. ERNST HARTERT, and Dr. K. JORDAN.

Vol. XIV.

No. 1.

Pages 1—342. Plate I.

Issued, March 20th, at the Zoological Museum, Tring.

PRINTED BY HAZELL, WATSON to. V1NEY, Ld., LONDON AND AYLESBURY.

1907.

Vol. XIV.

NOVITATES Z00L0GICAE.

EDITED BY

WALTER ROTHSCHILD, ERNST HARTERT, and KARL JORDAN.

CONTENTS OF NO. 1.

1. ANOTHER CONTRIBUTION TO THE ORNI-

THOLOGY OF THE LOWER AMAZONS .

2. ON A COLLECTION OF BIRDS FROM TEFFfi,

RIO SOLIMOES, BRAZIL ....

3. NEW SPHINGIDAE

4. TROIDES ALEXANDRAS spec. nov. .

5. NEW DEEPANULIDAE, THYRIDIDAE, URA-

XI I DAE AND GEOMETRIDAE FROM

BRITISH NEW GUINEA ....

6. AMERICAN TUY11IDIDAE, CRAXIIDAE, AND

GEOMETRIDAE IN THE TRING MUSEUM

7. THE ELAND OF BRITISH EAST AFRICA

(PLATE I.)

8. TWO NEW INDIAN ST' HI SGI DAE .

9. NEW ZYGAEXIDAE IN THE BRITISH

MUSEUM

10. SOME NEW SIPHON APTER A ....

11. FURTHER NOTES ON ilACRUl'VS MAGNUS

12. ON THE BRITISH SUBSPECIES OF CABABTTS

YIOLACEUS ... ...

13. MISCKLLANEA ORNITHOLOGICA .

14. OBITUARIES (KUHN, OCKENDEN).

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE.

Vol. XIV., 1907.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE

H Journal of Zoology.

IN CONNECTION WITH THE TRING MUSEUM.

EDITED BY

The Hon. WALTER ROTHSCHILD, Ph.D.,

Dr. ERNST HARTERT, and Dr. K. JORDAN.

Vol. XIV., 1907.

(WITH SEVEN PLATES.)

Issued at the Zoological Museum, Thing.

PRINTED BY HAZELL, ;WATSON & V1NEY, Ld., LONDON AND AYLESBURY.

1908.

CONTENTS OF VOLUME XIV. (1907).

MAMMALIA.

FACES

1. The Bland of British East Africa. R. Lydekker. (Plate I.) . . 324—326

2. Further Notes on Maeropus magnus. Walter Rothschild .... 333

3. Description of a New Tree Kangaroo. F. Forster and Walter Rothschild. 50(1

4. On a New Race of Orycteropus. Walter Rothschild ..... 506

5. Correction. R. Lxdekker 508

AVES.

1. Another Contribution to the Ornithology of the Lower Amazons. C. E.

Hellmayr 1 — 39

2. A Collection of Birds from Tefl'e, Rio Solomoes, Brazil. C. £. Hellmayr 40 — 91

3. Miscellanea Ornithologica. Ernst Hartert 335—339

4. On a Collection of Birds made by Mr. W. Hoffmanns on the Rio Madeira,

Brazil. C. E. Hellmayr 343—412

5. Notes on Papuan Birds. Walter Rothschild and Ernst Hartert . 433 — 446

6. List of a Collection of Birds made by Mr. A. S. Meek in the Mountains on

the Upper Aroa River and on the Angabunga River, British New

Guinea. Walter Rothschild and Ernst Hartert . . . 447 — 483

7. Notes on African Birds. Ernst Hartert 484 — 503

8. Some Notes on Cassowaries. Walter Rothschild. (Plates V., VI., VII.) 504 — 505

COLEOPTERA.

1. On the British subspecies of Carabus violaceus. Ernst Hartert . . 334 — 335

( vi )

LEPIDOPTERA.

PAGES

1. New Sphingidae. Walter Rothschild and Karl Jordan . . . 92 — 95

2. Troicles alexandrite. Walter Kothschild 96

3. New Drepamdidae, Thyrididae, Uraniidae, and Geometridae, from British New

Guinea. William Warren 97 — 18(5

1. African Thyrididrie, Uraniidae, and Geometridae in the Tring Museum.

William Warren 1-w — 323

5. Two New Indian Sphingidae. G. F. Hampson ....... 327

6. New Zygaenidae in the British Museum. G. F. Hampson .... 328

7. New American Salumiidae and Ceratocampidae. Walter Rothschild . 413 — 432

8. A New Species of Sphingidae. Walter Rothschild ..... 507

9. Some New lUmantopterinae, a subfamily of Zyga midae Walter Roth-

schild 507 — 508

SIPHONAPTERA.

1. Some New Siphonaptera. N. C. Rothschild 329 — 333

OBITUARIES.

Heinrich KiJHN 340

George Richard Ockenden ........... 341

LIST OP PLATES IN VOLUME XIV.

Plate I. Taurotrayus oryx pattersonianus. Colour-type by A. C. Fowler from drawing

by J. Smit.

„ II. Macropus hayenbecki. Colour-type by A. C. Fowler from drawing by J. Smit.

„ III. Anoplops melanosticta <J, and A. hoffmannsi J1?. J. G. Keulemans del.

et lith.

,, IV. Dendrolayus matschiei.

„ V. Casuarius jamrachi. Colour-type by A. C. Fowler from drawing by J. G.

Keulemans.

„ "VI. Casuarius unappendiailatus mitratus. Colour-type by A. C. Fowler from

drawing by J. G. Keulemans.

„ VII. Casuarius doyyetti. Colour-type by A. C. Fowler from drawing by J. G.

Keulemans.

The Plates representing Lepidoptera which were intended to be issued with the present volume

will form part of Volume XV., which volume will contain at least 13 Plates.

ERRATA.

p. 84. line 15 from top, read: Chelidoplera instead of Chelidophera.

p. 237, lines 13, 20, 23 from bottom, read : Oliyimi castaueiiniroiiiila instead of 0. caslaneiventr

p. 4o4. line 14 from bottom, read : mux<r},, nl>r<>t }. ,i instead of mitsucheuhrnrln.

p. 4.04, line 13 from bottom, read: mttsschenbroekii instead of muschenbrockii.

p. 47*. line 20 from top, read : craesirostis instead of crtutivestrii.

2'6 Mfi.1907

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE.

Vol. XIV. MARCH, 1907. No. 1.

ANOTHER CONTRIBUTION TO THE ORNITHOLOG-Y

OF THE LOWER AMAZONS.

By C. E. HELLMAYR.

IN the last volume of this periodical, 011 pp. 353 — 385, I reported apon a collection

of birds from the vicinity of Para, brought together by Mr. W. Hoffmanns.

Since that time the Tring Museum received two further consignments from the

same indefatigable collector, containing several new forms and others of considerable

interest.

After leaving Para, Mr. Hoffmanns went to Santarem, on the left bank of the

Rio Tapajoz, and collected for several weeks at two small villages in the neigh-

bourhood of that town, called Itaituba and Vrucurituba. According to one of

his letters, the first of these places is situated in dense primeval forest, while

Urncurituba is partly surrounded by " campos."

In March and April Mr. Hoffmanns made another stay at Obidos, on the north

side of the Amazons. Although the number of birds sent is very small, amounting

to only about a hundred skins, this little collection is of great interest, proving as

it does that the fauna of Obidos is to a certain extent different from that of

Santarem. Even from the few species obtained on this occasion, it becomes evident

that the broad sheet of waters of the Lower Amazons separates the ranges of

several representative species. As already stated by Bates,* many typical Guianan

forms are found near Obidos which apparently do not occur on the sonth bank of

the great river ; while in the avifauna of Santarem we meet with a good many

Upper Amazonian elements, among them being also such species as inhabit the banks

of the lower Rio Madeira. The difference is illustrated in the present collections

by the following instances : —

Santarem. Obidos.

Cercomacra nigrescens approximans. Cercomacra tyrannina.

flypocnemis cantator peruvianas. Hypocnemis cantator cantator.

Momottis momota nattereri. Momotus momota momota.

The material at our command is, of course, far too incomplete to justify any

attempt at drawing definite conclusions. A thorough exploration of the Lower

Amazonian valley is one of the greatest desiderata of neotropical Ornithology, and

would certainly yield a rich harvest to the naturalist interested in the problems

of geographical distribution. It, must be remembered, however, that nowhere is

travelling more expensive and more difficult than on the Brazilian Amazons ;

and under due consideration of these circumstances, Mr. Hoffmanns is to be con-

gratulated on having so successfully performed his laborious task.

* * The Xaturalid on the Amazon, new edition, 1S02, p. 131.

(2)

The following account is divided into two chapters, the first dealing with the

birds from Santarem, the second with those obtained at Obidos. As in my former

papers on neotropical birds which appeared in this periodical, I have quoted only

the original descriptions and such references as strictly pertain to the fauna! district

in question.

I. BIRDS FROM SANTAREM.

1. Turdus fumigatus Licht.

Cfr. Nov. Zool ziii. (1906) p. 353.

Morula fumigaia, Chapman & Riker, Auk 18110. p. 135 (Santarem).

No. 423. ? ad., Itaituba, 10. i. 06. " Iris brown, bill black."

Like the one previously seut from Prata, Para, this specimen has a large white

patch in the anal region, otherwise it agrees with ordinary T. fumigatus of East

Brazil.

2. Troglodytes musculus clarus Berl. & Hart.

Of. Nov. Zool. xii. (1905) p. 270.

No. 559. ? ad., Urncuritnba, 9. ii. 06. " Iris brown."

Identical with specimens from Para and British Guiana.

3. Thryophilus albipectus albipectus (Cab.)

Thryoihoru* albipeetut Cabania in Schoniburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana iii. (1848), p. 073 (Cayenne).

Thryophilui taettioptera Ridgway, Pror. I'.S. Mus. x. 1887 (publ. 1888) p. 518 (Diamautiua,

Santarem).

No. 460. cT ad., Itaituba, 18. i. 06. "Iris brown."— Wing 65, tail 46, bill

19i mm.

This specimen, which tallies well with Ridgway's description, belongs certainly

to the same form as a large series from British Guiana, Rio Branco and the

('ama River, Venezuela, which I had previously compared with Cabanis' type of

T. albipectus in the Berlin Museum. There is no appreciable difference in the colour

of the npper surface, and the lower parts in No. 460 are exactly as in a specimen

from the C'aura, throat and middle of the breast being white, foreneck and sides

buff, deepening into pale brownish on Banks ; the under tail-coverts tawny. Mr.

Ridgway describes T. taenioptera as having narrow dusky bars on the back ; while

our specimen from Santarem has no trace of these markings. This discrepancy,

however, seems of very little importance in view of the great variability of that

character shown by our C'aura series (12 skins).

The S ad. from Barra do Rio Madeira, mentioned in Verkandl. Zool. Botan.

Gesellsch. Wien 1901, p. 769, as probably belonging to the form found in North-

east Pern, proves to be only an extreme, dark-coloured specimen of '/'.</. albipectus ;

there are several similar examples in the series from the C'aura River. On the

other hand, skins from Pern apparently represent a distinct race, differing from

'/'. a. albipectus by their shorter tail, slightly shorter bill, and much darker ochraceous

under parts, the throat alone being whitish.

What I said (/.<•) about the geographical races of T. albipectus requires,

therefore, some modifications. Having examined much additional material, it

seems to me that the following forms ought to be recognised : —

(3)

a. T. albi pectus albipectus (Cab.). British Guiana, Cayenne ; Caura River, in

East Venezuela ; North Brazil : Rio Branco, and Lower Amazonia from

Para to Barra do Bio Madeira.

Upper parts warm rnfescent brown ; throat white, rest of under surface buff,

deepening into ochraceona on flanks and crissum.

Wing, $ 63—138, ? 60—64 ; tail 46-52 mm.

Examined : 1 ad. Cayenne (type of species) ; 4 Forte do Rio Brauco ; 4 British

Guiana; 1 Pani; 1 Santarem ; 12 Caura River ; 1 Barra do Rio Madeira.

b. T. albipectus hjpoleucua Berl. & Hart. Middle Orinoco from Ciudad Bolivar

to Atnre (for characters see Nov. Zool. ix. 1902. p. 6).

Examined : 16 specimens (including the type).

c. T. albipectus bogotensis Hellm. On the upper Orinoco : Perico, Maipures ;

and in Bogota collections.

Differs from a and b by its much brighter rufous-brown upper parts, and by

having the whole lower surface (except the white throat) deep ochraceous, passing

into rnfescent brown on flanks.

Wing 65—69 ; tail 48—52 ; bill m— 19 mm.

Examined : 5 Bogota skins (including the type) : 1 $ ad. Perico, 1 $ ad.

Maipures.

d. T. albipectus venezuelanus (Cab.)

Thryothorus venezuelanus Cabanis, .l/«.«. Heinean. i. (185U) p. 78 (Venezuela).

Near Puerto Cabello, North Venezuela.

Differs from T. a. bogotensis by its duller and darker upper parts, distinctly ashy

grey sides of the neck, and by having the foreueck and middle of the breast much

paler, buffy ochraceous.

Wing 60, 64 ; tail 40, 43 ; bill 16, 17J mm.

Examined : 1 ? ad., S. Esteban, near Puerto Cabello (Mas. H. v. Berlepsch) ;

1 av. imm. from Venezuela (type of T. venezuelanus Cab.), kindly lent by

Oberamtmann Heine.

The distinctly ashy grey sides of the neck render this form easily recognisable

among its affine.s.

e. T. albipectus snbsp. North-east aud Central Peru ; and on the Rio Jurna

in North-west Brazil. Occasionally found in Bogota collections.

Differs from T. a. venezuelanus by the much duller, dark olive-brown colour

of the pileum (without any rnfescent tinge), aud by having the whole under surface

(except the white throat) deep ochraceous, as in T. a. bogotensis, from which it

ma)', however, be distinguished by its much shorter tail, shorter bill, and the

colour of the pileum, which in bogotensis is bright rufous brown, like the back.

There is scarcely any grey on the sides of the neck.

Wing 60—65 ; tail 40-44 ; bill 16—17 mm.

Examined : 4 Nauta, N.E. Peru ; 1 ¥ ad. Upper Ucayali ; 3 3 S ad.

Chuchurras, Huanuco, Peru ; 2 Rio Jama ; 2 Bogota collections.

f. T. albipectus rufiventris Scl. Central Brazil : Goiaz and Mattogrosso south

to the Rio Grande, northern frontier of S. Paulo.

For characters see I.e.

Examined : 1 c?, 2 ¥ ¥ , Cuyaba ; 2 cJ S, Goiaz ; 1 d ad. Bio Paranahyba, Goiaz ;

1 $ ad. Leopoldiua, Rio Araguay, Goiaz ; 1 ¥ ad. Bio Grande, S. Paulo.

(4 )

g. '/'. albipecttts galbraithit i Lawr.) Isthmus of Panama.

Differs from T. ». rufiventria by its much shorter tail, and by having the ear-

coverts almost uniform white without dusky streaks.

Examined : •"> adults from Panama (including 2 topotypes, received from

Lawrence, in Mas. IL v. Berlepsch ; and in coll. Boucard, actually in the Paris

Museum).

4. Polioptila livida livida (Gm.)

Motacilla livida dunlin. S>/sl. Nat. 1. ii. ( 1788) p. 981 (ex Daubcnton, PI. ail. 705 Bg. 3 (= ?).—

Madagascar— errore! We substitute Cayenne).

Polioptila livida Hellmayr, Verhandi. Zool. Bot. <>'.-■. Wien, 1903. p. 'J-':", (crit.)

tptila buffoni Sclater. I'.Z.S. 1861. p. 127 (part. : descr. and hab. : " Guiaua," sc. Cayenne).

No. 561 (?)jr., Urucnrituba, 10. ii. 06. " Iris black."

Agrees perfectly with a large series from Cayenne and Surinam. This form is

characterised by the wholly white outermost rectrix, the broad white edges to the

tertials almost reaching to the shaft, and by the greater upper wing-coverts being

margined with whitish (not with bluish grey, as in all other forms).

In Nov. Zool. viii. 1901, p. '.550, I recorded a female from Para (Schnlz coll. —

Mus. H. v. Berlepsch), and Dr. Goeldi (Ibis L897, p. 161) observed the species

near Arnapa, South Guiana. These were the only records of P. I. litida for Brazil,

hitherto.

Since the publication of my synopsis of the genus * I have examined a large

amount of additional material, and it may be worth while to say a kw words about

the conclusions arrived at. Mr. Ridgway f having disentangled the complicated

synonymy of the Central Americau forms of the P. nigriceps group, I can confine

myself to those found in South America, of which the following are to be recognised :

a. P. livida livida (Gm.). Cayenne, Surinam ; South Guiaua (North Brazil):

Am:i|a ; and Lower Amazonia : from Para to Sautarem.

(if this form I have now a splendid series before me, and I rind the characters

pointed out above quite constant.

Examined: 5 £6 ad., 1 6 imm., 3 ??, Cayenne (G. K. Cherrie coll.);

4 <$ 6 ad., 3 ? ? imm. from Paramaribo ; 1 ? jr. from Santarem ; 1 ? ad. Pani.

b. P. livida innotata Ilellin. British Guiaua, and Rio Brauco (Forte do S.

Joaquim) in Nortb Brazil.

Like a, this form has the outermost tail feather wholly white, but the upper

wiug-coverts are margined with pale bluish grey, and the white edges to the tertials

much narrower. The tail feathers, too, are much narrower.

Examined : 4 3 i ad., 4 ? ? Rio Branco ; 6 $$ ad., 4 ? ? British Guiana.

e. P. livida plunibeiceps Lawr.

Ma plumbeicepi Lawrence, Proc. Acad. Philad. ( 1865), p. 37 (Venezuela),

sharpe, Cat. Bird* Brit. Mut.x. (1885) p. 449 (Venezuela).

/' nigriceps am icularit Hellmayr, .Y<<<\ Zool. rii. (19o >i p. '•:;>> (Bogota).

Venezuela south to the Orinoco valley, westwards to Columbia (Cauca valley).

Mr. Ridgway distinguished P. anteocularis of Bogota from P. plumbeicepi of

Venezuela, on account of its larger dimensions and paler chest ; these differences,

* "Rerrei, h. Lief, is (1903) pp. 16-29.

t JJirde North and Middle America iii. p. 710 2.

(5)

however, do not hold good when a series from both countries is compared. I have

before me 26 Bogota skins of both sexes, 1 (?,2 ? ? from the Cauca valley, 18 adults

of both sexes from Cumana, and 14 adults from the Orinoco valley, and fail to see

how they can be separated into two forms. There is no difference in the shade of

grey on the chest or in the amount of white on the lateral tail feathers between

Venezuela and Bogota examples ; nor can they be distinguished in size, as will be

seen from the following measurements. I agree, however, with Mr. Ridgway, that

this form is quite distinct from P. nigriceps Baird, of Western Mexico, which I had

not seen when writing my monograph of the genus.

8 <?(? ad., Cumami : wing 47 — 52 ; tail 40—52 ; bill 11 — 13 mm.

8 SS ad., Orinoco valley : wing 48— 52 i ; tail 48—52 ; bill 11$— 12$ mm.

1 c? ad., San Fernando- Apnre, Venezuela : wing 50 h ; tail 48 ; bill 11$ mm.

16 S<5 ad., Bogota : wing 48—52 ; tail 48—53 ; bill 12— 13$ mm.

1 d ad., Cauca valley : wing 52 ; tail 48$ ; bill ] 2 mm.

(I. P. Uvula parvirostris Sharpe. Southern tributaries of the Peruvian Amazons :

Ucayali, Huallaga, etc.

e. P. Uvula maior Hellm. Andes of North Peru.

f. P. livida leueogastra (Wied). Eastern Brazil from Bahia to Pernambuco.

The females of all these forms {a,— J ) have a distinct black postocular patch,

sharply defined against the white or greyish white lower portion of the ear

coverts. This dusky auricular patch is altogether wanting in the female of

P. nigriceps of Western Mexico.

5. Granatellus pelzelni pelzelni Scl.

Granatellus pelzelni Sclater, P.Z.S. 1864, p. GOG pi. 37. fig. 1. closer, orig. £ ad. (Destacamento do

Ribeirao, Rio Madeira).

Nos. 441, 400. c?c? ad., Itaituba, 13, 27. i. 00. " Iris brown, feet greyish bice,

bill greyish black."— Wing 54; tail 51$, 52 ; bill 10, 11 mm.

No. 489. S jnv., Itaituba, 20. i. 06. "Iris brown."— Wing 55; tail 54$;

bill 11 mm.

No. 490. ? ad., Itaituba, 20. i. 00. " Iris brown, feet grey."— Wing 54 ; tail 52 ;

bill 11 mm.

The S S ad. agree with the type from the Rio Madeira and with a large series

from the Orinoco region in having the forehead and crown black, a large, broad

white postocular stripe, and by the grey flanks being separated from the rosy red

middle of the belly by a distinct white stripe. The ? is also perfectly identical

with those from the Caura River.

G. p. paracusis thus appears to be entirely confined to the Para district, like

so many other forms.

6. Pachysylvia thoracica semicinerea (Scl. and Salv.)

Cf. Nov. Zool. xiii. (1906) p. 355.

No. 446. S ad., Itaituba, 15. i. 00. " Iris white, feet brownish grey, bill grey."

—Wing 58 ; tail 49 : bill 14 mm.

This bird fully confirms what I said (I.e.) about the affinities of this "species.'

It has the chest even more distinctly shaded with yellowish than the r? from Parti,

( 8 )

mentioned in my Former article, and the linck is of a brighter, more yellowish green

tinge, just as in /'. /. griseivt ntris t Berl. & Hart.).

/'. /. semicinerea lias a ranch wider range than was hitherto supposed. ])r.

Lorenz, of Vienna, having kindly sent me Natterer's series of Hylophilus, I was

much surprised to find that the two specimens from Borba andSalto do Girao, Bio

Madeira, recorded by Yon Pclzelu * s.n. Hylophilus tkoracicus, belonged to the

present form, agreeing in every way with onr male from Santarem.

Notwithstanding its grey Bides of the head, P. t. semicinerea is quite distinct

from P. pectoralis (Sel.), which also occurs on the Amazons, whence Natterer sent a

specimen to the Vienna Museum. I have, besides, examined a ? collected by Garbe

near Santarem, belonging to the Museu Panlista, Brazil.

T. Tachycineta albiventer (Bodd.)

Hirvndo albiventer LSoddaert, Tail. PI. enl. p. 32 (1783. — ex Daubenton, PI. enl. 546 fig. 2. Cayenne).

Tachycineta albivenlris Chapman & Riker, Auk, 1890, p. 266 (Santarem).

No. 488. <J ad., Itaitnba, 26. i. 06. " Iris black."

No. 555. ? ad., Urncnritaba, 8. i. 06. " Iris brown."

Not different from Cayenne specimens.

8. Coereba chloropyga (Cab.)

Cfr. Nov. Zool. xiii. p. 356.

Coereltt chloropyga Chapman & Riker, Auk, 1890, p. 260 (Santarem).

No. 588. ? ad., Urncurituba, 27. ii. 06. " Iris brown."

This specimen agrees fully with others from Para and Bahia, being in everv

way typical of C. chloropyga. The back is pale olive-grey, the rump dull pale

olive-yellow, and there is no wing-speculum.

9. Euphonia chlorotica chlorotica (Linn.)

Tanagra chlorotica Linnaeus, SyaL Nat. ed. xii. 1. (1766) p. 317 (ex Brisson.— " Cayania'').

wi'a chlori'lioi Chapman & Riker, An'.-, lsnj, p. 2)17 (Santarem).

No. 457. S ad., Itaitnba, 17. i. 06. "Iris brown."— Wing 55 ; tail 32; bill

8 mm.

Agrees with an adult S from Cayenne (Brit. Mm ex coll. Sclater) except in

being a little more violet on throat and uape.

10. Euphonia violacea lichtensteinii (Cab.)

Cfr. Nov. Zool. xiii. p. 350.

I-'."I>!< ' Chapman & Riker, Auk, 1890, p. 200.

No. 498. • '. ad., Itaituba, 27. i. 06. -Iris brown."— Wing 57 ; tail 32 ; bill

10J mm.

No. 500. eJ ad., Itaituba, 28. i. 06. "Iris In-own.-'— Wing 55"; tail 31 ; bill

In nun.

Identical with specimens IV.un Para.

• /.,!,■ OrnWi. Bratil. ii. (1868) p. 70, note 1.

(7 )

11. Calospiza mexicana boliviana (Bp.)

[Tanagra mexicana Linnaeus, Syit. Nat xii. 1. p. 315 (17G6. — ex Brisson : Cayana (excl. syn.

Hernandez — Mexico)] .

Callospisa boliviana Bonaparte, C. Rend. Ac. Sci. Paris xxxii. p. 80 (1851. — Guarajos, East Bolivia,

coll. D'Orbigny. — Type in Paris Museum examined).

Calliste boliviana Sclater & Salvin, P.Z.S. 1807. p. 571 (Capim River) ; Chapman & Riker,

Auk, 1890, p. 267 (Santarem).

Callilteflaviventris (nee Viellot !) Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Brasil. xii. (1809) p. 207 (Guapore, Borba,

Barra do Rio Negro).

No. 499. ? ad., Itaituba, 28. i. 00. " Iris brown."

This specimen agrees perfectly with others from Para (coll. Steere — Mob. Tring)

and those collected by batterer near Borba, Rio Madeira, and on the banks of the

R. Guapore.* "When lately in Paris I compared some of these skins with Bonaparte's

type, and found them identical. All have the shoulder-patch of a dark azure blue,

only some of the innermost smaller wing-coverts being slightly tinged with turquoise

blue. Examples from N.E. Peru, East Ecuador and Bogota have, as a rule, this

patch quite uniform azure blue, but some of them agree with the Brazilian ones. In

the intensity of the yellow belly there is no constaut difference between specimens

from various localities.

Three skins from Barra do Rio Negro (=Man;ios) differ in having the shoulder-

patch decidedly more mixed with turquoise blue, thereby forming the transition to

C. m. mexicana, of Cayenne and Surinam, C. m. media Berl. and Hart, of the Orinoco

valley, and C. m. tieilloti (Scl.) of Trinidad. In these three forms, however, the

shoulder is uniform nile blue, without any trace of azure blue, and in the two first

named the belly is very much paler yellow.

12. Tachyphonus luctuosus Lafr. & D'Orb.

TaehyphomtB luctuosus Lafresnaye et D'Orbigny, Syn. Ar. i. in Mag. Zool. 1837 cl. ii. p. 29

(Guarayos, Bolivia) ; Chapman & Riker, Auk, 1890, p. 207 (Santarem).

No. 526. S ad., Itaituba, 31. i. 08. " Iris brown."

Not different from Bolivian specimens, perhaps a little more glossy on the lower

surface.

13. Pitylus grossus (Linn.)

Cfr. Nov. Zool. xiii. p. 359.

Pitylus grossus Chapman & Riker, Auk, 1890, p. 267 (Santarem).

No. 517. 8 ad., Itaituba, 30. i. 06. "Iris light brown."

No. 519. ?, Itaituba, 30. i. 06. "Iris brown."

14. Sporophila castaneiventris Cab.

Sporophila castaneiventris Cabanis in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana iii. (1848) p. G79 (Cumaka,

coast of British Guiana) ; Chapman & Riker, Auk, 1890, p. 268 (Santarem).

Nos. 531, 556. c? t? ad., Urucurituba, 0, 9. ii. 05. " Iris brown."

No. 464. ? , Itaituba, 18. i. 00. " Iris brown."

The males are not different from Gniauan and Upper Amazonian skins, except

for the tail being a very little shorter. The female also agrees very well with those

from other localities.

* I am much obliged to Dr. von Lorenz for kindly sending mc the whole series of the Vienna Museum.

( 8)

15. Sporophila lineoli (Linn.)

Loxla Ihieola Linnaeus, Sylt. Nat. xii. 1. (1766) p. 'Mi (" Asia "— errore ! We accept Surinam as

the typical locality : ofr. Nov. Zool. i\. p. 26).

Nos. 529, 538, 558, 578, 580, 5S3. <$<$ ad. Urncnrifcnba, Santarem, 4, 5, 0, 24,

2;"). ii. 06. " Iris brown."

All these specimens arc typical V lineola, with a broad white stripe along the

middle of the forehead and erown, and with the tinder parts pure white, without any

blackish cross-lines.

Of this form, I have examined 47 J J ad. in the Museums of Tring, Vienna,

Turin and Berlepsch from the following localities : Camacusa, Rio Carimang, Auuai,

British Guiana ; Cayenne ; Bahia; Mattogrosso ; S.E. Bolivia (Borelli coll.) ; Salts;

Rio Xie, a tributary of the upper Kio Negro : Caicara, Orinoco ; and Samiria,

N.E. Peru. There are no differences between specimens from the various localities,

but the series appears to be quite distinct from S. bouvronides (Less.), with which

S. ocellata Scl. & Salv., >s'. trinitatis Sharpe, and S. amazonica Sharpe are synonymous.

10. Sicalis columbiana goeldii Berl.

gotldii Berlepsch, Bull. B.O.C. xvi. (May 1906) p. 97 (Santarem).

Sycalis columhiana (nee Cabanis!) Pelzeln. Zm- Ornith. Brasil. iii. (1869), p. 231 (Barra do Rio

Xegro) ; Riker & Chapman, Auk, 1890. p. 2(W (Santarem).

4 c?c? ad., 2 c?c? juv., 1 ? ad. from Umcnrituba, 6, 11, 13, 25. ii. 00. "Iris

brown, feet greyish or greyish brown, bill greyish yellow, above darker." Nos. 532,

533, 534, 500," 576, 581," 582. 1 S ad., 1 '<$ juv. from Itaitnba, 18, 22. i. 00.

'• Iris brown." Nos. 450, 480.

S. e. goeldii is apparently the representative of S. c. columbiana in the Amazonian

basin. The specimens collected by Natter er near Manaos (= Barra do Rio Negro)

belong to this form, and in the Paris Museum there are two adult males from the

Yana-yaco River, a tributary of the Ucayali, Eastern Peru, collected by J. Hanxwell.

I found them perfectly identical with some of Natterer's specimens.

The 6 $ ad. from Santarem, Manaos and Eastern Peru exhibit all the characters

pointed out by Count Berlepsch, and the ? also differs slightly from those of

S. c. columbiana and S. <\ leopoldinae. The differences between the three forms are

best shown by the following short rtfsume.

a. Sicalis columbiana columbiana Cab.

Sycalh columbiana Cabanis, .Vus. Eeinean i. (1S51) p. 147 (Porto Cabello, Venezuela).

Hab. I enezuela : Porto < labello (teste ( tabanis) ; Aitagracia, west of Angostura

(Ciud. Bolivar), on the middle Orinoco; Snapure and La Priciou on the ('aura River,

a southerly tributary of the Orinoco.— The locality Trinidad, sometimes assigned to

this form, is erroneous.

J ad. Upper pails uniformly light yellowish green, rump scarcely brighter than

the buck; forehead and vertex as far as above the posterior angle of the eye dull

reddish orange. Under surface bright yellow, but without any orange tint, shading

into greenish on the sides of the chest. Cheeks light yellow, ear-coverts dull

greenish. Bill stoni and strong. Wing (7 SS ad.): 00—63, tail 43—40; bill

1"— 11 mm.

? ad. The g] [mens from the Orinoco district agree well with Cabanis1

(9)

description, the chest and sides being always more or less tinged with pale brownish,

the former with faint indications of dusky shaft-lines. Wing (7 ? ? ad.) : 60—61 ;

tail 42 — 44 ; bill 10—11 mm.

b. Sicalis cobimhiiiiiii Ii'OjinhlinKi' Hellm.

Bull. Brit. Or,,. CI. xvi. (April 190C>) p. 85 (S. Leopoldina, Goiaz).

Nab. Central Brazil : near S. Leopoldina on the upper Rio Aragnay, Goiaz.

S ad. Differs from that of S. c. columbiana in its smaller size, very much

smaller and weaker bill, slightly more yellowish green back and decidedly brighter,

fiery orange-red frontal patch. The under surface is of the same bright yellow,

but the sides of the chest lack the greenish tinge ; the cheeks are yellowish olive

like the back, as in «S'. c. columbiana.

Two <$S ad. measnre : wing 58 ; tail 40 ; bill 9A — 10 mm.

? ad. Differs from that of the typical form in being smaller, the bill especially

so, and in being paler everywhere. The upper parts are paler and more greyish

brown, the lower ones more whitish, the chest and sides very slightly shaded with

brownish.

Two ? ? ad. : 55, 57 ; tail 41 ; bill 9 mm.

c. Sicalis columbiana goeldii Berlepsch.

Bab. Lower Amazons : Paricatnba, Urncurituba and Itaituba, near Santarem ;

Manaos ; Eastern Pern : Yana-yaeo, a tributary of the Ucayali River.

S ad. Differs at a glance from the two foregoing forms by having the lower

parts of a much brighter, orange yellow colour, which is spread also over the cheeks

and ear-coverts. The fiery orange-red of the forehead extends over the whole vertex ;

the nape and the rump are much brighter, of a golden olive yellow ; and the quills

are more distinctly edged with pale yellowish on the inner webs. The bill is stout

and large, as in S. c. columbiana.

Ten J cf ad., Santarem and Manaos (including the types) measnre : wing

58—63 ; tail 42—45 ; bill 11—1'.' mm.

Two Jc? ad., Yana-yaco, East Peru : wing 59, Go ; tail 40J, 43 ; bill 11 mm.

? ad. Agrees in the paleness of the uuder parts with that of S. c. leopoldinae,

but has longer wings and a very much larger bill. Besides, the flanks are washed

with bnffy yellowish, the axillaries and under wing-coverts more yellowish, and the

inner webs of the quills more distinctly edged with yellowish white. Wing 59;

tail 42; bill 11 mm.

17. *Myospiza aurifrons (Spix).

Tanagra aurifrons Spix, Av. Bins. ii. (1825) p. 38. tab. L. fig. 2 (''in provincia Bahia." — ! V) ; cfr.

Hellmayr, Abhandl. Ahad. MiiTwheii, vol. xxii '■'> (1906) p. 673.

Colurniculus peruanus anct. (nee Bonaparte !).

No. 403. ? fere ad. Itaituba, Santarem, Is. i. 06. "Iris brown."— Wing 58 ;

tail worn ; bill 12 mm.

Agrees well with specimens from Upper Amazonia, but seems to be somewhat

smaller. This, however, may be due to its being in very worn plumage. Additional

examples are required to prove whether the Lower Amazonian form is really

identical with that found in Peru, etc., or not.

I have shown, in the paper quoted above, that the proper name of this species

is M. aurifrons.

( 10)

Not yet recorded from the Lower Amazons, though collected by Natterer near

Manaos, and at Borba, Rio Madeira.

18. Faroaria gularis gularis ( Linn.)

Tanagra gularis Linnaeus, Syst . Nat. xii. 1- (1766) p. 316 (ex Brisson. — "America." We substitute

( 'ay: ran a* typical locality).

Paroaria gularis Sclater & Salvin, P.Z.S. 18G7. p. 572 (Mexiana) ; Chapman & Riker, Auk,

1800, p. 268 (Santarem).

No. 422. ? ad., Itaituba, 10. i. 06. "Iris yellow."

No. 462. Adult (not sexed), 18. i. 00. " Iris red."

No. 421. S juv., Itaituba, 10. i. 00. " Iris yellow."

Besides these, we possess tour adnlt specimens from the Lower Amazons : one

each from the Toeantins and from Mexiana Island, collected by A. 11. Wallace ; one

6 ad. from Boa Vista and another from Espiritu Santo, both obtained by Prof. Steere.

They agree perfectly with Cayenne examples, except in having a slighter, smaller

and slenderer bill ; this, however, is not likely to be a constant character. P. g.

cervicalis Scl. of Eastern Bolivia and Mattogrosso differs only in having no black

whatever ronnd the eye. I have examined a specimen from Mojos in Eastern

Bolivia (D'Orbigny coll., Mus. Paris), and several examples collected by Natterer

in Western Mattogrosso. Those obtained by the same traveller near Borba, Rio

Madeira, represent, however, typical gularis.

19. Cacicus cela (Linn.)

Cfr. Nov. ZnoJ. xiii. p. 350.

Camicus /a metis Riker & Chapman, .1«7.-, 1890, p. 269 (Santarem).

Nos. 428, 429. c?c? ad., Itaituba, 11. i. 00. "Iris light blue, bill greenish

white."

20. Molothrus bonariensis bonariensis (Gm.)

Tanagra bonariensis Gmelin, Syit. Nat. l.ii. (1788) p. 898 (" Bonaria.'' — ex Daubenton, PI. nil. 710).

Molothrus serieem PelzelD, Znr Ornith. Brasil. iii. (18G9) p. 200 (Santarem).

Molothrus bonarien Riker & Chapman, Auk, 1890, p. 269 (Santarem).

No. 557. ? juv., Urucuritnba, 9. ii. 06. " Iris brown."— Wing 93 ; tail 73J ;

bill I'h mm.

The form found near Santarem is typical M. bonariensis. I have examined an

adult cJ in the Vienna Museum, which agrees in size with specimens from Buenos

Aires and South Brazil (wing 109, tail 82, bill 19| mm.). In the vicinity of Para,

however, M. b. atronitens Cab. takes its place. This is a mncli smaller bird,

with a weaker, slenderer bill. The Vienna Museum possesses a pair from Cajutubn,

near Para (Natterer coll.) which I am unable to distinguish from Trinidad and

Tobago examples (cfr. Nov. Zool. xiii. p. 20).

21. Leistes militaris (Linn.)

Emberiza militaris Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. x. p. 178(1758 — "in America, Asia." — as typical locality

accepted Surinam : cfr. Nov. Zool. xiii. p. 21).

Lei U - militaris Pelzeln, Zur Ornith. Brasil. iii. (I860), p. 19(1 (Santarem).

/•■ ' d guiam n tis Riker & Chapman, Auk, 1890, p. 269 (Santarem).

Nos. 528, 529, 530, 535, 556. 3 c?c? ad., <? juv., ? ad., Urncnritnba, Santarem,

4. 5, 0, 7. ii. 06, •' Iris brown, bill grey or greyish black."

( 11 )

The wings of the males measure : 100, 09, 98 ; the tall 01 — 03 mm.

The specimens are in freshly moulted plumage, with broad pale brown edge to

the feathers ; the bill in the dried skins appears pale horn-colour, the lower

mandible being almost brownish white. Natterer considered a bird with a brown

bill and of rather large size, which he had obtained at Santarem, to represent the

true L. militaris, and separated specifically those with black bills and of rather

smaller dimensions, collected on the Rio Madeira and near Para, as L. erythrothorax.

This distinction, however, cannot be upheld, for both snjrposed forms are to be found

together in Surinam, on the Orinoco, in Bogota collections and elsewhere. The pale

bill seems to indicate immaturity.

22. Todirostrum maculatum signatum Scl. & Salv.

[Todus maculatus~Desmaxe&t, Hist. Nat. Tun//, etc. pi. 70 (1805 — no locality : we substitute Cayenm ).]

Todirostrum signalum Sclater & Salvin, Ibis 1881, p. 2IJ7 (N.E. Peru).

Todirostrum maculatum (nee Desmarest) Riker & Chapman, Auk 1890, p. 269 (Santarem).

No. 504. t? ad., Itaituba, 29. i. 00. " Iris yellow."

It agrees with several topotypical specimens from Nauta. The feathers of

the forehead and vertex are slate-grey, with small dusky spots and narrow white

lateral edges. A series of true T, m. maculatum from Snrinam and British Gniana

has the front and anterior portion of the crown distinctly black, with the white

edges more pronounced. Specimens from Para belong also to the typical form.

23. *0rchilns ecaudatus (Lafr. & D'Orb.)

Todirostrum ecaudatum Lafresnaye and D'Orbigny, Syn. Ac. i. in Mag. Zool. cl. ii. p. 47 (1837—

Yuracares, N.E. Bolivia).

No. 474. S ad., Itaituba, Santarem. 21. i. 00. " Iris brown."

Not yet recorded from the Lower Amazons, but known to occnr in Venezuela

and ou the island of Trinidad.

24. *Stigmatura budytoides (Lafr. & D'Orb.)

Oulicicora budytoides Lafresnaye & D'Orbigny, Syn. Ar. i. in Mag. Zool. cl. ii. (1837), p. 5G

(Valle grande, East Bolivia).

No. 543. ? ad., Urucuritnba, Santarem, 7. ii. 00. " Iris brown, feet and

bill black." Wing 52 ; tail 59 (in moult) ; bill 10 mm.

This specimen agrees with those collected by Natterer on the upper Rio

Madeira, the markings ou the wiugs and tail being yellowish white. In the type

from Eastern Bolivia they are pure white, but this is not likely to be a constant

character.

The locality Santarem extends the range of the species far to the north, it

having previously been only known from the headquarters of the southern tributaries

of the Amazons (Ucayali, Rio Madeira, etc.). Like Serpophaga caudata, it appears

to be an inhabitant of the banks of great streams.

25. Phaeomyias murina murina (Spix).

Platyrhynchus mwinus Spix, Ar. Bras. ii. p. 14 pi. xvi. fig. 2 (1825— Brazil) ; cfr. Berlepsch and

Hellmayr, Journ.f. Ornith. 1905, p. 2.

No. 585. ? ad., Urncurituba, Santarem, 20. ii. 00. " Iris brown."

Not different from Bahia skins, perhaps the belly a little paler yellow.

( 12 )

-1'. Euipidochanes poecilocercus Pelz.

EmpidocJianci eta Pelzeln, Zur Ora Brasil. ii. (1868) p. 181 descr. orig. ? (Rio Amajau,

Rio Negro).

Cfr. Rcrlepsch & Hellmayr, Journ./. Ornith. 1905, p. 27.

No. 437. ? ad., Itaitnba, 12. i. 06. "Iris brown, bill and feet black."

Wing 55 : tail 48 : tars. 16J ; bill 14 ram.

This is perhaps the most interesting bird in Mr. Hoffmanns' collection. Hitherto

but a single specimen was known, an adult ? procured by Nattererin the district of

the Rio Negro. Count Berlepsch and I published some notes about the typical

example and described the peculiar shape of the three outer primaries, in our paper

on little known types of neotropical birds, quoted above.

The specimen sent by Hoffmanns has the outer primaries of the same curious

shape, and agrees in general coloration with the detailed MS. description I had

drawn up from the type, differing only iu its duller, more greenish brown upper

parts, cinnamomeous under tail-coverts, more whitish throat, and in having the bill

entirely black (not pale brownish at the base of the lower mandible). These slight

differences are probably individual.

27. Onychorhynchus coronatus (P.L.S. Mull.)

Uutcicapa coronata P. L. S. Miiller, Natursyst. Suppl. 1776, p. 1G8 (ex Daubenton, P. enl. 289.—

Cayenne).

Todus regius Gmelin, Syit Nat. i. 1 (1788), p. 445 (also based on Daubenton, PI. enl. 289).

Muscivora regia auct.

No. 575. (c?) ad., Urncnritnba, 13. ii. 06. " Iris brown."

No. 570. c? jr., Urncnritnba, 12. ii. 06. " Iris dark brown."

They are practically identical with specimens from .Surinam and from the Canra

River, Venezuela. The back is of a dull dark brownish olive, and the upper tail-

coverts and chest are crossed by numerous blackish tranverse lines.

Specimens from East Pern upon which O. castelnaui Dev. was established are

not different either. Deville, when describing this form, compared it with several

examples of O. swainsoni (Pelz.), as 1 satisfied myself by examining the series

in the Paris Museum. The two mounted specimens collected by the Castelnan

expedition are the only ones of true O. coronatus that exist in the French national

collection.

28. Pipra fasciicauda Hellm.

Pipmfcuciieauda Hellmayr, Ibis 1906, p. ? (nom. emend, for P.fatciata Lafr. et D'Orb.— type ex

Yuracares, East Bolivia).

Piprafaet tola Sclater & Salvin, P.Z.S. 1867, p. 579 (Rio Tocantins).

No. 430. S ad., Itaitnba, 13. i. 06. "Iris white." Wing 64; tail 31;

bill 11 mm.

No. 448. <J imm., Itaitnba, 15. i. 06. " Iris white."

The <J ad. agrees in size and coloration with specimens from Minas and

S. Paulo. The occurrence near Santarem is particularly interesting, as both Natterer

and Riker procured there P. a. aureola. P. fasciicauda had never been collected on

the Lower Amazons since the time of Wallace, who obtained it on the Rio Tocantins.

There can be no longer any doubt that his specimens were correctly referred to that

Bpecies by Sclater <fc Salvin.

( 13 )

29. Attila thamnophiloides (Spix).

Muaeicapa thamnophiloides Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 19 pi. xxvi. fig 1. (1825 -" in locis sylvaticis a.

Amazonum.")

No. 510. S ad., Itaituba, 30. i. 06. " Iris light brown."

Specimens from Surinam are not different.

30. Lipangus simplex (Lcht.j.

Cfr. Nov. Zoo!, xiii. p. 364.

No. 455. $ juv*., Itaituba, 10. i. 06. "Iris brown.*'

31. Furnarius minor Pelz.

Furnarius {Opetiorhynchws) minor Pelzeln, Sitzungsber. Ahad. Wien xxxi. (1858) p. 321 [Brasilien,

sc. Rio Madeira ; cfr. Orn. Brasil. i. (18G7) p. 35].

Furnarius minor Riker & Chapman, .1«/.-, 1891, p. 20 (Santarein).

Nos. 433, 4711, 530, 537, 545, 504. 2 AS ad., Itaituba, 12, 19. i. 00 ; 1 i ad.,

1 (? jnv., 1 ?, and one immature bird, not sexed, from Urucurituba, 6, 7, 10. ii. 06.

" Iris red or brownish yellow."

This series does not differ from Upper Amazonian skins. All have a distinct

pale ciunamomeous spot on the inner web of the first primary, near the base.

32. Synallaxis gujanensis gujanensis (Gin.)

MotaeiUa gujanensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat. 1. ii. (1788) p. 988 (ex Daubenton, PI. enl. 686. fig. 2.—

Cayenne).

Synallaxis guianensis Riker & Chapman, Auk, 1891, p. 26 (Santarem).

Nos. 473, 475. c? ¥ ad., Itaituba, 21. i. 06. "Iris brown-red, bill black,

below grey."

Exactly like specimens from Surinam, British Guiana and Para (Layard coll.,

Mus. Brit.). Others from the Caura River and from Bogota collections are also

not different. The typical form has the middle of the abdomen distinctly whitish,

the foreneck and chest washed with buff, and the sides of the body pale brownish.

On the Rio Madeira a closely allied form takes its place. This is S. gujanensis

inornate, Pelz., which differs in having the whole under surface (except the white

throat) considerably darker, uniform brownish buff, without any white in the middle

of the belly.

33. Synallaxis rutilans amazonica n. subsp.

Three ? ? ad., Itaituba, 22, 27. i. 06. Nos. 481, 493, 495. "Iris brown, feet

grey, bill black." Wing 60—61 ; tail 66 ; bill 13i — 14 mm.

The examination of a large amount of materia) revealed the interesting fact

that three distinct forms had hitherto been united under the name of S. rutilans,

and that <S'. omissa Hart., of Para, was evidently also a geographical race of this

group. Thus, we have to distinguish the following forms :

a. Synallaxis rutilans rutilans Temiu.

Synallaxis rutilanB Temminck, PI. col. livr. 28, tab. 227. fig. 1 (Sept. 1823.—'- Br&il ") ; Pelzeln, Zur

Ornith. JJr,,,,/. i. (1867) p. 36 (part. : Rio Xegro and Marabitanas) : Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit.

Mus. xv. (1890) p. 57 (part. : spec. a ex Oyapoc, Cayenne) ; Berleps;h & Hartert. Nov. Zool. ix.

(1902) p. 60 (Nericagua, Orinoco ; Caura R., Venezuela).

Hab. N.W. Brazil: Rio Xegro, Marabitanas (Xatterer). Venezuela: Xeri-

cagua, Orinoco (Cherrie) ; La Union, La Pricion, Nicare (Andro), Suapure (Klages)

on the Caura River. French Guiana : Oyapoc (Verdey).

( 14)

Adult. Forehead as far as the anterior border of the eye, superciliary region,

sides of the bead and neck, foreneck and breast bright ferruginous; crown, occiput

and back uniform rich brown (about "raw amber" of Ridgway's Nomencl., pi. iii.

fig. 14), shading into fuliginous on the rump and upper tail-coverts.

Of this form I have before me eight specimens from the ('aura River, one

d ad. and two ? ? ad. from Nericagua, Orinoco, and one pair (c? ? ad.) from

Marabitanas, upper Rio Negro. Besides these, I examined in the British Museum

an adult bird from Oyapoc, ( 'avenue, received from Madame Verdey of Paris.

Dr. Sclater doubted the correctness of the locality, but, judging from the make of

the skin, I think there can be no question that the bird really came from Cayenne.

In these fourteen specimens the ferruginous front and sides of the head are

sharply denned against the brown colour of the vertex and occiput, and there is

no trace of rufous on the back. The upper tail-coverts and the adjoining feathers

of the ramp are always dull fuliginous.

N.B. — In order to ascertain to which form the name S. rutilans strictly applies,

I wrote to Dr. van Oort, of Leyden, asking for particulars about Temmiuck's type.

My friend, however, informed me that this valuable specimen is not in the Leyden

Museum. There was, then, a possibility that Temminck might have described one

of Natterer's specimens. Natterer obtained the first example of any form of this

group near Irisanga, S. Paulo, in December 1S~2. According to lets, 1833. p. 546,

the collections made by him from October 1*22 to December 1>24 did not reach

Vienna until September 1827, while Temmiuck's description and figure of

S. rutilans was already published in September 1823 ; from this it is evident

that none of Natterer's skins can have formed the basis of his account, and it

appears that the type is lost. Although the plate in the Planches coloriies could

be referred with equal certainty to the Amazonian representative, the description

(cfr. " toutes les parties superieures du corps, le bas-veutre et l'abdomen ont nue

teinte olivatre . . . ") is only applicable to one of the brown-backed forms ; and

since, at Temmiuck's time, no collecting was done in Mattogrosso, except by

Natterer, I feel justified in restricting the term rutilans to the northern subspecies,

of which specimens are much more likely to have come into the hands of the great

Dutch ornithologist. Moreover, the Berlin Museum possesses an example of the

present form, which, according to information received through Prof. Reicheuow,

may possibly be Temmiuck's type, who, in the text of S. cinerascens, says : "ces

trois especes [sc. S. rutilans, S. albescens and .$'. cinerascens] font partie des Musees

des Pavs-Bas, de Vienne et de Berlin."

b. Synallaxis rutilans amazonica n. subsp.

Sijiiallaxia rutilans (nee Temmiuck !) Sclater & Salvin, I'.Z.S. 1867. p. T.jo ( Xeberos, Chyavetas) :

iidem, Z.c. 1873. p. 269 (Xeberos, Chyavetas, Chamicuros) ; Taczanowski, P.Z.S. 1882. p. 26

(Yurimaguas); idem, Orn. Perou ii. (1884) p. 132 (Peru); Chapman & Riker, Auk, 1891,

p. 26 (Santarem) ; Sclater, Oat. Birds Brit. Mux. xv. (1890) p. 57 (part. : specimens c—e).

Hab. A'. Brazil, Lower Amazons : Santarem (Hoffmanns & Biker). N.E. Peru :

Xeberos, Chamicnros, Chyavetas (Bartlett), Yurimaguas (Stolzmann).

Adult. Litters from the typical form in having not only the front and sides

of the head ferruginous, but also the whole top of the head as well as the mantle

of this colour. There is but a slight brownish admixture on the occiput to

be seen iu some specimens. Bump and upper tail-coverts are fuliginous or slaty

( 15)

blackish, iu strong contrast with the ferruginous back. In other respects it does

not differ from S. r. rutilans.

Type in Tring Museum : ? ad., Itaituba, Santarem, 22. i. 06. No. 481. Wing 61 ;

tail 66 ; bill 14 mm.

Of this form, I have before me three specimens from Santarem, and four from

Chamicuros, N.E. Peru (Bartlett coll.) ; and I examined three others from Peru,

in the British Museum. I am nnable to see any differences between the Peruvian

and Santarem skins. The ferruginous back serves to distinguish them at a glance

from the two other forms. Even the young birds have a considerable amount of

rufous on the mautle.

c. Synallaxis rutilans tertia n. subsp.

S. rutilans (nee Temm.)Pelzeln, Oni. Brasil. i. (1867) p. 36 (part. : Engenho do Grama aud Irisanga).

Hab. Central Brazil : Engenho do Gama, Mattogrosso ; Irisanga, northern

S. Paulo (Natterer).

Adult. Very similar to S. r. rutilans, which it resembles in having the fore-

head and sides of the head only ferruginous aud sharply defined against the brown

cap, but differs by the more rufescent olive-brown tinge of the upper parts ; by the

lateral interscapular feathers being exteriorly broadly edged with ferruginous ; and

particularly by the rump and upper tail-coverts being bright rufescent olive-brown

like the back, and not fuliginous.

Type in Vienna Museum: No. 20198. ¥ ad., Engenho do Gama, Mattogrosso,

August 16, 1826. Collected by J. von Natterer.— Wing 63; tail G4i ; bill 13£ mm.

There are three examples of this form in the Vienna Museum, all obtained by

Natterer. One is a young bird, which differs from the adult only in being paler.

It is very interesting that S. r. tertia, though inhabiting a very remote district,

should more resemble the typical form than does the representative of the Amazonas

valley.

(L Synallaxis rutilans omissa Hart.

Synallaxis omissa Hartert, Bull. Brit. Oni. CI. x>. p. 71 (1901. — Para); Hellmayr. Nov. Zool. xiii.

(1906) p. 365 (Prata, Para) ; Snethlage, Journ.f. Ornith. 1906. p. 023 (Para).

S. nililitus (nee Temminck), Sclater & Salviu, P.Z.S. 1867. p. 574 (Para) ; Sclater, Cat. Birds

Brit. Mas. xv. (18'JO) p. 57 (part. : specimen b, Para) ; Snethlage, I.e. p. 523 (Pani, Rio Capitn,

R. Guarua).

Hab. N.E. Brazil: vicinity of Para, (Wallace, Steere, Hoffmanns).

This is undoubtedly a geographical form of the S. rutilans group, although, at

first sight, it looks rather different. The bill is of exactly the same shape : short

and thickish ; the tail equally short and uniform blackish ; the coloration of the

wings is the same as in S. rutilans and allies ; and there is also the characteristic

dull black patch on the throat. It differs, however, at a glance by the lack of

rufous on the head aud under parts. The whole lower surface (except the blackish

throat-patch), the top and sides of the head as well as the upper tail-coverts are

uniform dull fuliginous; the back is a little more brownish, aud some of the lateral

interscapular feathers show slight ferruginous edges on the outer webs. Immature

birds have also the chest aud sides of the neck slightly washed with pale ferruginous.

According to Dr. Snethlage (in litt.) 6'. r. omissa alone occurs iu the Pani

district.

( Hi I

34. Philydor pyrrhodes (Cab.)

Anabates pyrrhodes Cabauis : ia Schomburgk, Beisen Brit. Guiana iii.(1848) p. G89 (coast of British

Guiana).

No. 456. c? iinru., Itaituba, 10. i. 06. -'Iris brown."— Wing 89; tail 69;

bill 18 mm.

This bird is indistinguishable from a British Guiana specimen, while others

from the Orinoco River arc much deeper ochraceous below, and a little more

mfescent on the back.

35. Xenops genibarbis HI.

Cfr. Nov. Zool. xiii. p. 366.

No. 42T. ? imm., Itaituba, 11. i. 06. " Iris browu."

Slightly different from a Para skin. I hope to discuss the various geographical

races of X. genibarbis on another occasion.

36. Dendromis eytoni (Scl.)

Ofr. Nov. Zool. xii. (1905) p. 283.

Dendrornit eytoni Riker & Chapman, Auk, 1891, p. 27.

No. 524. $ ad., Itaituba, 31. i. 06. " Iris brown, bill greyish black."— Wing

116; tail 106 ; bill 42 mm.

Agrees well with Para examples, but is perhaps a shade more rusty on the

abdomen. The basal half of the lower mandible is dirty yellowish.

37. Dendroplex picus (Gin.)

0 'us Picus Gmelin, Syst. Nat 1. ii. (1788) p. 384 (ex Daubenton, Pl.enl. 605.— Cayenne).

Dendroplex picus, Riker & Chapman. Auk, 1891, p. -'7 (Santarem).

No. 477. ? ad., Itaituba, 21. i. 06. " Iris pale brown."— Wing 100 ; tail 87;

bill 34 mm.

Agrees best with specimens from Barcellos and Obidos, collected by Natterer,

being not appreciably different from topotypical Cayenne skins. About the

geographical variation of I>. picus cfr. Meuegaux & Hellmayr, Man. Soc. Hist.

Mat. Autun xix. (1906) pp. 108—109.

38. Nasica longirostris (Vieill.)

Dendrocopus longirostris Tieillot, Nouv. Did. xxvi. ( 1818) p. 1 17 (ex Levaillant— " Bre'sil").

Nasica longirostris Riker & Chapman, Auk 1891. p. 27 (Santarem).

Nos. 425, 430, 573. ? ad., <$ jr., <$ juv., Itaituba and Urucnrituba, 11, 12. i.,

12. ii. OH. " Iris reddish brown."

Apparently not different from Orinoco specimens. The Tring Museum

possesses also a young bird, collected by Prof. Steere near Camolins, Lower

Amazons.

39. Thamnophilus major semifasciatus (Cab.)

Cfr. Nov. Zool. xii. (1905) p. 283.

T lie! -us (nee Gould !) Riker .<• Chapman, ,1«/,- 1891. p. 28 (Santarem).

No. 507. cJ ad.. Itaituba, Santarem, 29. i. 06. « Iris red, feet greyish blue,

bill black."

( 17 )

Agrees with typical specimens from Para and Venezuela, the three outer tail-

feathers being banded with white on the inner webs.

In T. m. borbae Pelz. only the two outer rectrices have a white apical margin

aud two very small white sjiots to the edge of the inner web.

40. Thainnomanes caesius glaucus Cab.

Thanmonianes glaucus Cabanis, Arch. Naturg. 13. i. ( 1847) p. 230 (Cayenne).

No. 435. ? ad., Itaituba, 12. i. 06. " Iris brown, feet black, bill above black,

below grey."

Identical with a large series from Surinam, British Guiana, Orinoco, etc., the

whole breast aud abdomen being bright ferruginous, and the back warm olive-

brown with a large white interscapular patch. In Nov. Zool. xiii. p. 308 the

distribution of the three forms of Tkamnomanes is given. The specimen sent

by Mr. Hoffmanns extends the range of T. c. glaucus on the Lower Amazons

considerably to the east.

T. c. kqffmannsi appears to be confined to the Para district.

41. Myrmelastes luctuosus (Lcht.)

Lanius luctuosus Lichteustein, Fere. Dull. 1823. p. 47 (Pani).

ThamnophUus luctuosus Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bra*, ii. (1868) pp. 70, 141 (Tapajoz) ; Chapman &

Riker, Auk 1891. p. 28 (Santarem).

No. 426. ? ad., Itaituba, 11. i. 06. " Iris brown."

No. 568. ? ad., Urucurituba, 11. ii. 00. "Iris browu."

Both specimens have the crest dark rufous, as described by Pelzelu aud

Chapman. The description of T. luctuosus apud Tschudi (Faun. Peruan. Aoes,

p. 172), cpuoted by Chapman, is referable to T, melanochrous Scl. & Salv.

J/, luctuosus is strictly confined to Lower Amazonia from Para to Borba, Rio

Madeira. About the systematic position of the species cfr. Menegaux & Hellmayr,

Bull. Philomat. Paris, 1900. p. 34.

42. Formicivora grisea grisea (Bodd.)

Cfr. Nov. Zool, xiii. p. 369.

Formicivora grisea Chapman & ltiker, Auk 1891, p. 29 (Santarem).

No. oil. ? ad., Itaituba, 29. i. 00. "Iris brown." Identical with bpccimeiis

from British Guiana aud Pani.

4:;. 'Formicivora bicolor Pelz.

Formicivora bicolor Pelzeln, Zur Oruith. Brasil. ii (1808), p. 150 (Engenho do Gama, Mattogrosso ;

Ribeirao, Salto Girao and Borba, Rio Madeira).

No. 438. £ ad., Itaituba, 12. i. 00. "Iris brown."— Wing 53; tail 50 ; bill

14}- mm.

No. 445. rj ad., Itaituba, 15. i. 06. "Iris brown, feet and bill black."

Wing 54} ; tail 50^ : bill 15 mm.

No. 444. ? ad., Itaituba, 15. i. 06. "Iris brown, feet blue-black, bill black."

Wing 52 ; tail 51 ; bill 131 mm.

No. 458. ¥ ad., Itaituba, 17. i. 06. " Iris brown, bill and feet black."— AYiug

53 ; tail 47 ; bill 14 mm.

( 18 )

The males agree with one of Natterer's typical specimens from Salto do Girao,

Rio Madeira, the three onter rectriees being white for more than half of their

length. The females are uniform chestnut below ; the top of the head and nape

very dark smoky grey, the back dull black.

The examples from Cosnipata, S. Pern, are mnch larger, especially the tail

being longer, and the female is of a darker chestnut on the underpays. Should

additional Bpecimens confirm these differences, they must be separated sub-

specifically.

F. bicolor has not previously been recorded from the Lower Amazons.

44. Cercomacra sclateri Hellm.

Cfr. Nov. Zool. siii. p. 370.

No. 440. 6 ad., Itaituba, 12. i. 06. " Iris brown, feet and bill black."— Wing

64 ; tail 65 ; bill 18 mm.

Agrees with the <? ad. from Para, though the lower parts are a shade

darker, but much lighter and more bluish slate-colour than in the type of

C. sclateri.

45. *Cercomacra nigrescens approximans Pelz.

[/'. n nostola nigrescent Cabauis & Heine, Mus. Heinean. ii. (1859), p. 10, descr. orig. £ (Cayenne)].

I i.i,i approximate Pelzeln, Zur Ornith. Brazil, ii. (18G8), p. 158 (Engenho do Gama,

Mattogrosso).

No. 439. 3 ad., Itaituba, 12. i. 06. " Iris brown, feet and bill black."— Wing

07 ; tail 02 ; bill 17 mm.

No. 4S5. ? ad., Itaituba, ','4. i. 06. " Iris greyish brown." — Wing 08 ; tail 59 ;

bill 18 mm.

Not before recorded from the Lower Amazons.

They agree exactly with typical specimens from Mattogrosso, being very

different from our series of C. tijrannina of Para, especially the female, which has

the front and sides of the head as well as the under parts of a deep ferruginous red

(cfr. Menegaux and Hellmayr, Bull. Soc. Philomat. Paris, 1906, p. 41). The male

is of a much darker slate-grey colour on the lower surface, and the white margins

to the upper wing-coverts are narrower and more restricted.

Through the kindness of Oberamtmaun Heine I was enabled to examine the

type of P. nigrescens, and found it to belong to a Cercomacra species of which

the Tring Museum had received large series from Cayenue and Surinam. Although

very closely allied to C. approximans, they appear to represent a distinct form.

The males are darker, more blackish slate-grey, and the wing-coverts usually

uniform black, though sometimes with slight white apical margins. The females

agree with C. approximans in the coloration of the head and under parts, but the back

is rather more slaty olive (not so brownish), and the tail more blackish. Moreover,

in ' '. nign set ns the bill is, as a rule, a little broader and longer. The range of the

two subspecies is thus as follows : —

a. C. nigrescens nigrescens (Cab. & Heine). Cayenne and Surinam.

b. ('. nigrescens approximans Pelz. East Ecuador : Mapoto, Machay (spec, in

Mus. v. Berlepsch examined). North Pern ; Iluambo, Chirimoto (spec,

in Mus. Berlepsch examined), Gnayabamba (Baron coll. ; c? ? in Brit. Mus.

exam.), Pebas (Castelnau & Deville coll. — a large series in Paris Museum

( 19 )

Compared). Central Peru: Ropaykimba, Garita del Sol (<? in Mns.

Berlepsch examined). W. Brazil : Mattogrosso and Engenho do Gama

(Natterer coll.— a large series in Vienna Museum exam.). North Brazil :

Santarem.

Both C. n. nigrescens and C. n. approximans are perhaps snbspecies of

C. tyrannina, but their distribution is not qnite in accordance with what we might

expect. C. tyrannina has an uninterrupted range from Eastern Colombia (Bogota

coll.) through the Orinoco and Rio Negro district to British Guiana, but reappears

in Para, while in Surinam and Cayenne C. n. nigrescent apparently takes its place !

Yet it is remarkable that C. tyrannina nowhere occurs together with any form

of the C. nigrescens group.

40. *Hypocnemis cantator peruvianus Tacz.

[Formicarius Cantatar (sic!) Boddaert, Tabl. PI. en!., p. 44 (1783— ex Daub. PI. enl 700, f. 2—

Cayenne).]

Hypocnemis cantator, peruvianus Taozanowski, Orn. Plrou, ii. p. 61 (1884 — Yurimaguas, North

Peru).

No. 508. S ad., Itaituba, 29. i. 06. " Iris brown, bill black, below greyish

white."

No. 522. 3 imm., Itaituba, 31. i. 00. Soft parts as above.

No. 515. ? ad., Itaituba, 30. i. 00. Soft parts as above.

These specimens agree very well with skins from North Peru. The S 3 of

this form differ from typical II. c. cantator by having a large concealed white

dorsal patch, and by the interscapular feathers being coarsely spotted with black

and distinctly edged with white. In the ? ? , the anterior portion of the back

shows faint blackish spots and a few buff longitudinal streaks, while it is uniform

dull olive brownish in the typical form.

Not yet recorded from Santarem.

47. *Hypocnemis leucophrys angustirostris (Cab.)

[Pithyt leucophrys Tschudi, Arch. Naturg. 10. i. (1844), p. 278, descr. orig. £ (Peru).]

Conopophaga angustirostris Cabanis : in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana iii. (1848), p. 685,

descr. orig. $ (" Kiistenwalder vou Brit. Guiana ").

No. 453. $ ad., Itaituba, 10. i. 00. " Iris dark red, feet bluish black."

No. 491. S imm., Itaituba, 20. i. 00. " Iris brown."

No. 454. & juv., Itaituba, 10. i. 06. " Iris brownish grey."

No. 487. ? ad., Itaituba, 20. i. 00. " Iris brown."

Nos. 452, 486. ? ? juv., Itaituba, 10, 25. i. 06. " Iris greyish brown."

The adults agree perfectly with Gnianan specimens, while typical //. I. leucophrys

of Peru, Colombia and Merida is of a much darker slate-grey colour below in

the male sex. The females of the two forms are not distinguishable.

The young birds sent by Mr. Hoffmanus undoubtedly belong to this species,

and not to //. lugubris (Cab.), as is proved by their dusky under mandible and

by the indications of the ferruginous superciliary stripe. The latter is altogether

wanting and the under mandible is always yellowish white iu the female of

//. lugubris.

Having examined eighty-five specimens of //. leucophrys, I cau distinguish two

forms :

a. II. leucophrys leucophrys (Tsch.), ranging from S.E. and Central Peru to

Colombia (Bogota) and N.W. Venezula (Merida, Tachira).

( 2t> )

b. 11. Uucopkrys angustirostris (Cab.), Cayenne, Surinam, British Guiana,

South Guiana (Counany-Goeldi), west to the Orinoco region ; Amazonia :

from Santarem west to the Rio Madeira (Borba) and Rio Jimia (Garbe—

Mus. Panlista).

48. Hypocnemis myotherina ochrolaema Hellm.

B. m. ochrdaema HellmayT, Bull Brit. Orn. CI. xvi. (June 1900), p. 109.

Nos. 450, 513. 6 6 ad., Itaituha, 16, 31. i. 06. " Iris dark red, feet grey, bill

black."— Wing 64 ; tail 37, 40 ; bill 17 mm.

No. 520. ? ad., Itaituha, 31. i. 06. " Iris brown, feet light grey, lull black.

—Wing 62 : tail 38 ; bill 17 mm. Type of the subspecies.

The 6 of this new form resembles that of II. m. melanolaema Scl. in the

paleness of the nnderparts, but breast and abdomen are even lighter, nearly white

in the middle. The white band across the forehead (behind the black frontal edge)

is more distinct, and the white eyebrow much better defined and considerably

broader, especially above and behind the ear-coverts, where, in //. m. melanolaema,

only a narrow, dull greyish white stripe is to be seen.

The ¥ has the breast and abdomen of the same dark ochraceons colour as that

of //. m. melanolaema, but is readily distinguishable by having the entire throat

deep ochraceons like the rest of the under-snrface (not white), as well as by its

entirely black bill. There are no blackish spots on the foreneck, which are more or

less pronounced in //. m. myotherina and H. m. melanolaema, and the back is of a

duller, more greenish brown hue.

Having had the opportunity of studying a considerable amount of material,

I think it useful to give a short review of the three forms of the II. myotherina

group, which, owing to lack of sufficient series, were not well understood hitherto.

a. Hypocnemis myotherina myotherina (Spis).

Thamnophilw myotherinus Spix, Av. Bras. ii. (1825) p. 30, pi. xlii., fig. 1 = 6 (part. : descr. of

male only ; no locality given).

Uyioihera thamttophiloides Voigt, Thierrelch i. (1831), p. 4u4 (new name based on Spix's

figure).

Eypocnemh elegam Sclater, P.Z.S. 1857, p. 47 (ex "Bypocnemist" idem, I.e. 1855, p. 147.-

Bogota, coll., descr. orig. $ ).

Hah. From Eastern Colombia (Bogota coll.) through Eastern Ecuador to the

north bank of the Amazons (Pebas, Nauta), N.E. Pern; also found on the Caura

River, a southerly tributary of the Orinoco, Venezuela.

6 ad. Breast and abdomen uniform grey (Ridgw. Nomencl. ii. 6). Pale band

behind the black frontal edge and superciliary stripe rather indistinct, greyish

white, the latter uot continued along posterior edge of the black ear-coverts.

? ad. Lower mandible yellowish white or yellowish grey. Throat pure

white, bordered below by a number of small blackish spots, and sharply defined

against the deep ochraceons colour of the breast and abdomen.

Wing 62—67 ; tail 3*— 43; bill 17—18 mm.

Material. --'Jo' ad., 2 66 jr., 5 ? ?, Bogota coll. :6 6 6 ad., 2 66 jr., 3 ? ?,

Easi Ecuador ; 2 6 6 ad., 1 6 jr., 0 ? ?, Caura River, Venezuela ; 6 * ad., Pcb;is

(Castelnan coll., Mus. Paris); 6i ad., Rio Tigre, near Nauta (Hauxwell coll.,

Mus. Berlepsch).

( 21 )

Spix' type is nnfortnnately lost, but his description run only refer to the

present form, as he calls the colonr of the nnder parts " cinerea," which term does

not fit my 77. m. ockrolaema, also found on the Amazons, where Spix and Martins

travelled. Probably the Bavarian ornithologist described a specimen obtained on

the Rio Solimoens, where the dark-bellied form might be expjected to occur, ns it is

found on the Peruvian Amazons near Nauta, etc.

I can see no differences between specimens from Bogota, Eastern Ecuador,

the Caura River and others from Pebas and Nauta on the Amazons. The males

have the belly always uniform dark grey without any paler shade in the middle.

The ¥ ? from the north side of the Marafion are quite as dark ochraceous on the

under parts as those found in Bogota collections, hence H. elegans becomes a

synonym of II. m. myotherina.

b. Hypocnemis myotherina melanolaema Scl.

Ilypocnemisi melanolaema Sclater, P.Z.S. 1854. p. 254, pi, Ixxii. fig. 2. descr. orig. <J ad. ("in

Peruvia, Chamicurros').

77. melanosticta Sclater, I.e. p. 254, pi. lxxiii. descr. orig. <J jr. efc. ? (" in Peruvia, Chamicurros ").

Hal). From Northern Peru, south of the Amazons, through Central Pern to

Northern Bolivia.

cf ad. Differs from the typical form by the much paler colonr of the breast

and abdomen, which are whitish grey, only the flanks being monse-grey (Ridgw.

Nomencl. ii. f. 6). Superciliaries as in 77. m. myotherina.

¥ ad. Like II. m. myotherina, with the under mandible yellowish grey and

with the throat white, but breast and abdomen much lighter, pale ochraceous buff

(Ridgw. v. 10), sometimes passing into buff in the middle of the belly.

Wing 03—68 ; tail 38—45 ; bill 1GJ— 18 mm.

Material : 4 S <5, 4 ? ? ad., S. Mateo, North Bolivia (Mns. Berlepsch) ; t? ad.,

Chnchnrras, Huiinnco, C. Peru (Hoffmanns coll., Mus. Tring) ; S ad., ? ad.,

Yurimagnas ; S ad., Pern (ex Verreaux — type of 77. melanolaema Scl.); 2 $ $

ad., 1 $ jr., 1 ?, Chamicuros (Brit. Mus.), 1 ?, Chyavetas (Brit. Mus.); 1 S jr.,

1 ? ad., Pern (ex Verreaux — types of 77. melanosticta Scl).

The type of 77. melanolaema (Mus. Brit, ex coll. P. L. Sclater) agrees perfectly

with the series of 6"6" ad. from Bolivia and Pern ; as do also the original examples

of 77. melanosticta with other specimens in corresponding plumage.

In the male sex of this form the under parts are always much paler grey than

in 77. m. myotherina. The females are also readily distinguishable by the consider

ably lighter, ochraceous-buff belly ; the throat is always pure white and bordered

below by some blackish spots, and the under mandible is light coloured.

It is an interesting fact that the birds from Chyavetas, Yurimagnas and Chami

enros belong to the pale-bellied form, while on the north bank of the Amazons

another representative takes its place.

c. Hypocnemis myotherina ochrolaema Hellm.

Hub. Lower Amazons : Itaitnba, near Santarem.

(J ad. Very similar to that of II. m. melanolaema , bnt nuderparts still paler

nearly white in the middle of the breast and abdomen ; and superciliaries purer

white, broader, and extended along the upper and posterior margin of the

ear-coverts.

¥ ad. Breast and belly deep ochraceous, as in II. m. myotherina, bnt readily

(22 )

known by having the throat also ochraceous, ami by the under mandible being

black like the upper one.

The birds collected by Natterer near Borba, on the lower Rio Madeira,

belong probably also to this form.

40. Myrmotherula ornata hoffmannsi Hellm.

il. o. hoffimumi Hellmayr, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI. xvi. (April 190G), p. 84.

No. 512. c? ad., Itaituba, Santarem, 29. i. 06. " Iris brown, feet greyish

blue, bill black."— Wing 53; tail 39 ; bill 15 mm.

No. 521. ? ad., Itaituba, 31. i. 00. "Iris brown, feet and bill black."—

Wing 51 ; tail 36; bill 14i mm. Type of subspecies.

The c? ad. is very much like that of M. o. ornata of Bogota, but is of a

clearer, more bluish slate-grey on the head and mantle ; the chestnut-red patch

on the rump is less extended, the brownish wash on the flanks more restricted,

and the cheeks and malar region are of a darker cinereous colour. The upper

tail-coverts are olive grey in the new form, pale brown in M. o. ornata.

The ?, however, differs very strikingly from the same sex of the typical

form. The throat, instead of being black with large white spots, is bright

ochraceous like the cheeks and malar region ; the apical spots on the upper

wing-coverts are buff instead of pure white. While the typical form has the

whole back (except the nape and pileum) and rump nuiform bright chestnut-rufous,

in the new form there is only a small irregular spot of this colour in the middle

of the back, the rump being mainly olive-brown. In other respects the ? of

M. o. hoffmannsi agrees well with Bogotd skins. The top of the head and the

mantle are olive-grey, the tail and the outer edges of the quills are also olive-grey,

and the colour of the abdomen exactly the same as in .1/. o. ornata.

50. Myrmotherula axillaris axillaris (Vieill.)

Cfr. Nov. Zool. xiii. p. 368.

Myrmotherula axillaris melanogastra Chapman & Riker, Aide 1891, p. 28 (Santarem).

No. 451. $ ad., Itaituba, 1(1 i. 00. "Iris brown."

No. 474. ? ad., Itaituba, 21. i. 00. "Iris brown."

Identical with examples from Par^, and Cayenne. Chapman (I.e.) says that the

specimens from Santarem are intermediate between " M. a. melanogastra " of Bahia

and UM. axillaris " of Bogota. Bogota, skins, however, belong to M. a. melaena (Scl.),

while those from the Lower Amazons represent typical .1/. axillaris. Near Bahia,

again, a different form is found, which has much less white on the flanks. This

is entitled to the name M. a. luctuosa Pelz. Cfr. my revision of Spix' types,

p. 665.

51. * Conopophaga nielanogaster (Menetr.)

Cvuiijuijihuna mrhmof/asi, r Mrin'trii-s, Mini. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. (6) i. (1835) p. 537, pi. 15 fig. 2

(= {J ad.) (Cuyaba, Mattogrosso).

C. >" byi Allen, Bull. A mer. Mus. ii. (1889) p. 90 descr. orig. (= ? ) (Reyes, N.E. Bolivia).

No. 505. & ad., Itaituba, 20. i. 00. " Iris reddish brown, feet greyish bine, bill

black."— Wing 84; tail 44 ; tars. 33 ; bill 20 mm.

No. 514. $ juv., Itaituba, 30. i. 00. " Iris brown, feet grey, bill black."

The adult male agrees perfectly with Menetries' types, kindly lent by

(23)

Dr. Bianchi. This species is quite new to the fauna of the Lower Amazons,

though it was collected near Borba, on the Rio Madeira, by Natterer. It is the

largest and finest member of the genus, and readily known by its bright chestnut

back. Perhaps it is nearest to the recently described C. roberti Hellm., but, besides

being very much larger, differs from it in many ways. The bill is much stronger

and entirely black ; there is no white on the under parts, the whole breast being deep

black, and the silky white superciliary stripe commences above instead of behind

the eye.

C. rusbyi Allen is doubtless the ? of C. melanogastra, the description agreeing

perfectly with Natterer's hen birds from Borba.

In the young bird the crown is dull black, with irregular, pale rufous bars, the

back of a clearer chestnut than in the adult, and crossed by some blackish bauds.

Breast and abdomen are pale fulvous, barred and spotted with blackish; and the

upper wing-coverts have a blackish apical margin, followed by a ciuuamomeous

subtermiual baud.

52. Phoethornis rupurumii amazonicus Hellm.

FhaMhornis rupurumii amazonicus Hellrnayr, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI. xvi. (April 1906) p. 8'2.

No. 468. ¥ fere ad., Itaituba, 19. i. 00. " Iris, feet and bill black, base of lower

mandible light green." Type of subspecies. — Wing 44 ; rectr. mod. 47 ; r. submed.

37; r. ext. 18; bill 28 mm.

No. 571. c? ad., Urucurituba, 12. ii. 06. Soft parts as above, but base of lower

mandible yellowish green. — Wing 46; rect. med. 49, r. submed. 30, r. ext. 19;

bill 28A mm.

No. 492. S jnv., Itaituba, 26. i. 06. Soft parts as in No. 468.— Wing 45 ;

rectr. med. 45|, r. submed. 32, r. ext. 18 ; bill 25 mm.

This interesting new form is a near ally of P. r. rupurumii of British Guiana

and the Orinoco region, the proportions of the tail feathers being exactly the same

in both, but it differs at a glance by its buff under tail-coverts and by the pale

cinnamon apical margins to the three outermost rectrices (on each side). In a series

of more than twenty skins of P. r. rupurumii, both the crissnm and the apical

margins to the rectrices are pure white ; only the outermost pair shows there

sometimes a faint isabelline tinge.

In the type specimen (No. 468) the whole under surface is strongly washed

with buff, and the snperciliaries as well as the broad malar stripe are of a bright

golden bnff. The S ad. (No. 571) is much duller underneath, more buffy greyish,

but the under tail-coverts are even brighter buff than in the type.

The third example is a yonng bird with rufous edges to the feathers of the

crown and back. It is considerably darker, more brownish on the under parts, and

the lower mandible lacks almost entirely the blackish tip which, in the two other

specimens, occupies a little less than the apical half. The under tail-coverts and

the three outer tail feathers are exactly as in the adults.

P. squalidus (Temm.), of S.E. Brazil, differs from the new form by its much

darker, almost wood-brown (Ridgw. Nomencl. iii. 19) under parts, aud by the lack of

the blackish subterminal area on the outer rectrices. Besides, the middle pair of

the tail feathers is much more elongated.

]'. squalidus, P. r. rupurumii, and P. r. amazonicus undoubtedly form a

natural group,_being characterised by the scaly appearance of the throat, etc. etc,

( 24 )

53. Phoethoruis ruber ruber (Linn.)

Cfr. Nov. Zoal. xiii. p, :.7.V

No. 526. ? iniru., Itaitnba, 31. i. 06. "Iris Mack, bill Mack, base of lower

mandible yellowish green." — Wing 35; rectr. mod. 33, submed. 27, ext. 15;

bill 25J, black tip of lower mandible 11 mm.

An immature bird with long wings and wide rufous tips to the tail feathers.

This plnmage Las been described by Gould as a distinct species, P. eremita, but it is

now well understood that these birds are merely the young of the short-winged,

broad-taihd form.

The Santarem specimen agrees in every way with those from Surinam, Para,

. and. like them, has the lower mandible widely tipped with black.

54. Agyrtria albiventris albiventris (Less.)

Iris Lesson. Hist. Nat. Ois. Mouches p. xxxiv, 209, pi. 76 (1829. — "la Guiane").

Nos. 553, 5G5. 3 S imm. in moult, Urucuritnba, 8, In. ii. 06. " Iris Mack."

Nos. 501, .502. $ ad., $ imm. iu moult, Itaitnba, 28. i. 00. "Iris black."

Besides these, we possess an adult and a young bird from Espiritn Santo, Pani,

collected by Prof. Steere.

The Lower Amazonian specimens are somewhat intermediate between .1. u.

albiventris and .1. ". nigricauda (Ell.) of Bahia. They agree with the former in

dimensions and in the bronzy-green central tail feathers; but the outer rectrices are

steel-black, with scarcely any green at the base and with very indistinct greenish

grey tips, as in the Bahia form. The under tail-coverts are white, with short

blackish brown shaft-stripes at the extreme base, as is also the case in some

specimens of .1. a. nigricauda.

The specimens collected by Natterer near Barra do Rio Negro (Manaos) and

Barcellos, and recorded by Pelzeln s. n. -1. albiventris* represent the typical form,

the four outer rectrices being bronze-green on their basal half, and the under tail-

coverts being pale brownish with white margius, just as in a large series from

British Guiana, Surinam, etc. The specimens from Mattogrosso, however, belong to

A. a. nigricauda or a very closely allied form. I have to thank Dr. von Lorenz for

sending me Natterer's whole series for comparison. About the nomenclature of

.1. albiventris cfr. Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zoo/, ix. p. 83.

•">•">. Hylocharis cyanus viridiveutris Perl.

Cfr. Nov. Zool. xiii. p. 870.

Nos. 447, 407, c? juv., ?, Itaitnba, 15, 19. i. 06. "Iris black."

56. Thalurania furcata furcatoides Gould.

Cfr.iVbl'. Zool. xiii. p. 377.

Th i vie i ( lhapman & Biker, Auk, 1891, p. 30.

Nos. 166, 182, 7'!-. ¥ V, Itaitnba, 19, 22, 30. i. 06. '•Lis black."

i">7. Nyctidromus albicollis albicollis (Gm.

Gmelin, Sysl. Nat. 1. ii. (1788) p. 1030 (ex Latham : Cayenne).

■V>. - Riker & Chapman, .!«/., 1801, p. 30 (Santarem).

No. 432. <!, ad., Itaitnba. 12. i. 06. "Iris brown."

Agreeing in size and coloration with specimens from Surinam.

* On. Brasil i. -

( 25 )

58. Chloronerpes flavigula (Bodd.)

Cfr. Nov. Zool. xii. (1905) p. 301.

Chloronerpes flaeigularis Riker & Chapman, Auk, 1891, p. 30 (Santarem).

No. 431. (c?) imm. (without tbo red malar stripe), Itaitnba, 12. i. 06. "Iris

brown."

This specimen, like the one from Prata previously sent by Mr. Hoffmanns,

has a very strong and large bill, but this appears to be merely individual variation,

as another 3 from Para does not differ in this respect from typical examples of

Cayenne, British Guiana, etc.

59. Melanerpes cruentatus (Bodd.)

Picus cruentatus Boddaert, Tabl. PI. ml. p. 43 (1783.— ex Daubenton, Pl.enl. 091, fig. 2. — Cayenne).

Nos. 471. 472. S ? ad., Itaitnba, 20. i. 06. "Iris yellow."

Both are typical, having broad white superciliaries and a distinct golden-yellow

nuchal band.

We received also an adult 3, collected by Prof. Steere at Marea de Legna,

Para, which agrees in every way with that from Santarem.

00. Veniliornis ruficeps ruficeps (Spix).

Picus ruficeps Spix, Av. Bros. i. (1824) p. 03 pi. lvi. fig. 2, 3 (" in sylvis fluminis Amazonum").

Chloronerpes affinis seh/si (nee Malherbe ! ) Chapman & Riker, Au!; 1891, p. 30 (Santarem).

Nos. 442, 476. c? ad., ? ad., Itaitnba, 13, 21. i. 06. "Iris brown."

We possess also an adult S from Benevides, Para, collected by Prof. Steere.

The three examples represent typical J", r. ruficeps. Cfr. the detailed account in my

revision of Spix' types, p. 600 ff.

61. Celeus jumana (Spix).

Cfr. Nnr. Zool. xii. (1905) p. 301.

No. 479. (? ad., Itaitnba, 22. i. 06. " Iris red, bill yellowish green."

Not different from Par;i specimens except by having the upper tail-coverts rufous.

62. Crocomorphus flavus (P. L. 8. Mull.) snbsp,

Pirn* flams P. L. S. Mliller, Natursyst. Suppl. p. 91 (1770. — ex Daubenton, PI. ml. 509.— Cayenne).

Celeus citrinus Riker & Chapman, Auk, 1891, p. 31 (Santarem).

No. 443. ? ad., Itaitnba, 15. i. 06. "Iris red."

Mr. Chapman has already alluded to the differences of the Amazonian birds,

when compared with typical C./hrns of Cayenne, and very likely they constitute

a distinct form. The material at my command, however, would not justify any

separation, as I have only four specimens from Amazonia for comparison. Yet it

should be mentioned that they differ from a large series of skins from British Guiana

and the Orinoco region by having very little or no rufous at all on the wings. Iu

this respect they seem to agree with the Bahia form, C.f. subflavus Scl. & Salv., of

which, unfortunately, no specimens are available.

63. Campephilus trachelopyrus (Malh.)

Cfr. Nov. Zool. xii. (1905) p. 300.

CeopMoeus tracheolqpyrrhus (sic) Riker & Chapman, Auk, 1891, p. 30 (Santarem).

No. 483. ? ad., Itaitnba, 22. i. 06, " Iris light yellow."— Wing 180 ; tail 124;

bill 44 mm.

(26)

84. Ceophloeus lineatus (Linn.)

Picus lineatua Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. xii. 1 (17(j(">) p. 174 (ex Brisson. — Cayenne).

Ceophloeus lineatua Hiker & Chapman, Auk, 1891, p. 30 (Santarem).

No. 509. ? ad., Itaituba, 20, i. 00. "Iris whitish yellow."

65. * Picumnus borbae Pelz.

Picumnu) lorluir Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Brazil, iii. (1869) p. 334 (Borba, Rio Madeira).

One (J ad. from Itaituba, 29. i. 06. " Iris brown, feet and bill grey." No. 503.—

Wing 48; tail 24 ; bill 11J mm.

This specimen agrees very well with Pelzeln's types kindly lent by Dr. von

Lorenz, of Vienna, except in being a little brighter yellowish below, and in having

slightly shorter wings and tail.

The types (2 $S ad.) measnre : wing 50£, 51 ; tail 24, 25 ; bill 12 mm.

New to the Lower Amazons.

66. Piaya rutila (111.)

Cuculus rutilus Illiger, Abhandl. Akad. Berlin, 1812, p. 224 [ex Gmelin, C. cayatau var. (3. (and y

errore ! ) : ex Brisson, Cayenne].

Piaya minuta Riker & Chapman, Auk, 1891, p. 159 (Santarem).

No. 449. ? jr., Itaituba, 15. i. 00. " Iris red." Not different from specimens

of various localities.

67. Pteroglossus aracari aracari (Linn.)

Cfr. Nov. Zool. xii. (1905), p. 300.

Pteroglossus u-ieili Riker & Chapman, Aid; 1891, p. 159 (Santarem).

No. 566. <J ad., Urucnrituba, 11. ii. 06. "Iris brown, feet greenish black, bill

black, lower mandible yellowish white."

Black cnlminal stripe narrow, as in examples from Pani and South Brazil.

The form of Cayenne, Surinam, and British Guiana, erroneously called

P. aracari in the Cat. Biro's xix. 138, ought to stand as P. aracari atricollis

(P. L. S. Mull.).

68. Pteroglossus inscriptus Sws.

Pteroglossus inscriptus Swainson, Zool. Illustr. I. ii. pi. 90 (1820-21. — "from the interior of

Guyana"); Riker & Chapman, Aid- 1891 p. 159 (Santarem).

No. 523. c? ad., Itaituba, 31. i. 06. "Iris reddish blue, feet olive green, bill

yellow and black."

The Tring Museum received, some years ago, a female collected by Mons. A.

Robert near,,S. Lonrenco, State of Pernambuco, which extends the range of

the species far to the south-east.

69. Monasa nigrifrons (Spix).

Bucco nigrifrons Spix, Ar. Bras. i. p. 53 pi. xii. 6g. 2 (1824. — " in sylvis flum. Solimoens").

Monasa nigrifrons Riker & Chapman, Auk,' 1891, p. 159 (Santarem).

No. 424. cJ in moult, Itaituba, 10. i. 06. "Iris brown." Not different from

Upper Amazonian skins.

(27 )

TO. Urogalba dea amazonum Scl.

[Alcedo Dea Linnaeus, S//st. Xat. x. p. 116 (1758.— ex Edwards, Oni., tab. 10— Surinam).]

Urogalba amazonum Sclater, P.Z.S. 1855. p. 14 ("in Brasil. Boreali, Pari, et. fl. Amazonum") ;

Sclater & Salvin, P.Z.S. 1867. p. 582 (Para).

Urogalba paradisea Sclater, P.Z.S. 1857. p. 262 (Ega).

No. 525. c? fere ad., Itaitnba, 31. i. 06. " Iris brown."— Wing 91 ; bill 50 mm.

Besides this, the Tring Museum possesses two adult birds from Magoary, Island

of, Marajo, collected by Prof. I. B. Steere. One of them (<?) agrees perfectly with

the type of U. amazonum, in having the forehead and broad superciliaries creamy

white, and the middle of the crown pale brown, but has rather shorter wings. A

specimen from Para, (coll. Wallace) and another from Ega (coll. Bates) are identical

with the typical example as regards coloration. The former is quite as large as

the type, while the latter agrees in size with Steere's skins. The second specimen

(?) from Magoary, and the S from Santarern, sent by Mr. Hoffmanns, differ from

all these birds in the following way : The crown is decidedly darker brown and

mixed with purplish blue feathers (as in typical U. dea dea), only the frontal edge

being pale brownish, and there is but a narrow whity-brown superciliary line.

It is evident from the foregoing that the colour of the bead varies somewhat,

and that the greater size is not a reliable character. The presence of the whitish

superciliary stripe, however, in combination with the invariably much smaller

smoky-brown chin-spot, renders V. d. amazonum a fairly well differentiated form.

V. amazonum was originally described from Para, but afterwards Dr. Sclater*

doubted the correctness of this locality, suggesting that Upper Amazonia was its

true " patria." This, however, is not the case, and there can be no doubt whatever

that U. d. amazonum represents the typical form on the south bank of the Lower

Amazons and Kio Solirnoens. The British Museum contains a specimen collected

by Wallace near Para— this locality being indicated on Wallace's original label — and

another from Ega, obtained by H. W. Bates.

On the other hand, the examples secured by Natterer and Wallace at Barra do

Rio Negro, on the north side of the great river, and those sent by the first-named

naturalist from Marabitanas and S. Carlos, upper Rio Negro, agree in every way

with a large series of typical U. d. dea from the Guianas ; as does also an adult

bird from Iqnitos, N.E. Pern, on the uorthern bank of the Maranon. The two

young birds from Salto Girao, Rio Madeira, mentioned by Pelzeln t appear to

belong to U. d. amazonum, as the smoky-brown chin-spot is very small. Adult

specimens, however, should be examined.

The range of the two forms, accordingly, is as follows :

a. Urogalba dea dea (Linn.)

Cayenne, Surinam, British Guiana, west through the Rio Negro region to the

north bank of the Amazons (Barra do Rio Negro, Iqnitos).

b. Urogalba dea amazonum Scl.

South bank of the Amazons from Para to Ega, R. Solimoens ; perhaps also

occurring on the southern tributaries of the Amazons : Rio Madeira, etc.

* Mono;/''. Jacamar.* and Pull Birds, p. 6.

t SlU-BeriohU Akud. Wien (math, physih. CI.) xx. (1856) p. 504,

( 28 }

Measurements :

WiDg. Tail. Bil

1. Mus. Brit., adult, Bara — ex Brandt, type of

U. amazonum Scl. ......

2. Mus. Brit., adult, Burn— Wallace coll.

3. Mns. Tring, 3 ad., Magoarv, Para, Steere coll. .

4. „ ,, ¥ act. ,, ,, ,, ,,

5. „ „ i fere ad., Santarem, Hoffmanns coll.

0. „ Brit., Ega — Bates coll. ....

N.B. — There can be no question that dea must be accepted as the specific

appellation for this species.* Although Linnaeus quotes with a query Seba's

" Avis paradisiaca ternatana," his diagnosis and the locality, both apparently taken

from Edwards, refer exclusively to the Urogalba. Count Salvador! f has lately

written upon the subject, but as he belongs to the small baud of ornithologists who

begin their nomenclature with the twelfth edition of Liunaeus, his conclusions need

not be taken into consideration.

71. Momotus momota nattereri Sol.

[Ramphastoi Momota Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. xii. 1 (17G6) p. 152 (ex Edwards and Brisson, excl. syn.

Marcgrave — Cayenne accepted as typical locality — ex Brisson).]

Momotus nattereri Sclater P.Z.S. 1857. p. 251. [" Yungas in Bolivia (d'Orb.) ; Goyaz, Brazil

(Natterer)"] ; Riker & Chapman, Auk, 1891, p. 158 (Santarem).

No. 4S4. ? ad., Itaitnba, 22. i. 06. " Iris yellowish red."— Wing 130 ; tail 238 ;

bill 38 mm.

The specimen differs from a good series of MI. m. momota by lacking the rufous

nape-patch, agreeing in this respect with M. m. ignobilis Berl. This form, however,

has the under parts almost uniform oil-green, while in the Santarem bird there is a

strong ochraceous tinge all over the abdomen. A typical specimen of M. in. nattereri

from Southern Mattogrosso is practically identical with the ? sent by Mr. Hoffmanns.

72. Brotogeris versicolurus (B. L. S. Mull.)

Psittaais verricolurut P. L. S. Miiller, Naturiynt. Suppl. p. 75 (1776. — ex Daubenton, PI. enl 359.—

" Cajenne '').

Brntor/eri/s vireecene Pelzeln, Zur OrniOi. Brasil. iii. (1869) p. 2G0 (Villa de Tapojoz = Santarem) ;

Riker i- Chapman, Aid; 1891, p. 160 (Santarem).

No. 580. (J ad., Urucurituba, 26. ii. 06. " Iris brown, feet and bill pale grey."

Nos. 401 , 465, 460, 494, 510. ? ? , Itaituba, 1 8, 19, 20, 29. i. 00. " Iris brown "

or (No. 494) " light blue, bill greyish or reddish white."

The Tring Museum possesses also an adult bird from Benevides, July 25th,

collected by Brof. Steere.

About the nomenclature of this species cfr. my revision of Spix' types, p. 587.

73. Brotogeris tuipara (Gm.)

Cfr. Nov. Zool. xii. 1905. p. 302.

Brotogeryt tuipara Riker & Chapman, Auk, 1891, p. 1G0 (Santarem).

Nos. 574, 577, 579. c? ad., ? ad., c? juv., Urucurituba, 13, 24. ii. 00. " Iris

brown, bill greyish white or greyish yellow."

* Toche, Orrnth. Mimber. xii. 1904, p. 57. t Ma (1901) p. 552,

( 29 )

These specimens agree well with those from Para.

In the young male the primary coverts are green, but oue of the bastard-ijuills

shows already the orange colour of the adult plumage.

74. Strix flammea subsp.

No. 554. ¥ ad., Urncurituba, 8. ii. 06. " Iris brown."

A very large, fine specimen, which does not quite agree with any of the

neotropical forms, of the Barn Owl. Very likely it represents an undescribed

subspecies, but it would be not scientific to describe it from a single example.

75. Busarellus nigricollis (Lath.)

Fako nigricollis Latham, Ind. Orn. i. (1790) p. 35 ("Cayana").

Busarellus nigricollis Riker & Chapman, Auk, 1891, p. 161 (Santarem).

No. 549. ¥ ad., Urncurituba, 8. ii. 06. " Iris brown."

70. Elanoides furcatus (Linn.)

Falco furcatus Linnaeus, Sysl. Nat. xii. 1. p. 120 (1766.— ex Catesby & Brisson : Carolina).

No. 560. S ad. Urucuritnba, 9. ii. 06. " Iris brown, feet grey."

77. Hoplopterus cayanus (Lath.)

Charadrius cayanus Latham, Ind. Orn. ii. (1790) p. 749 (ex Bufllon and Daubenton : " Cayaua ").

No. 551. ¥ ad., Urucuritnba, S. ii. 06. " Iris brown, feet reddish yellow, bill

black."

Apparently not before recorded from the Lower Amazons, though Natterer

collected specimens near Mauaos.

The record of the African Hoplopterus spinosus from the Capim River, Para,*

is, of course, a mistake.

78. Carbo vigua (Viell.)

Hydrocorax ulgua Vieillot, Noun. Dirt, viii. (1817) p. 90 (ex Azara : Paraguay).

No. 584. S ad. in nuptial plumage, Urncurituba, 26. ii. 06. " Iris light blue,

bill black, below greyish white."

II. BIRDS FROM OBIUOS.

1 . Thryophilus albipectus albipectus (Cab.)

Cfr. supra, p. '2.

No. 589. c? in moult, 12. iii. 00. " Iris grey-brown, feet light bluish grey, bill

greyish black." Quite as pale on the lower parts as Cabanis' type from Cayenne.

2. Dacnis cayana cayana (Liim.)

Vide Nov. Zool. xiii. p. 356.

No. 646. S ad., 20. iv. 06. " Iris reddish brown." Wing 63 ; tail 42 mm.

In size, and in the deep black colour of the throat, this bird agrees with others

from Cayenne, Para and the Caura valley. Specimeus from Ueara, Bahia and

Pernambuco are also perfectly similar.

* lUs, 1903, p. 500.

( 30)

On the other hand, skins from Minas, Rio, S. Taulo and Paraguay are decidedly

larger, the wing measuring from 68 to 71, the tail from 40 to 48 mm. The throat

patch is deep black, as in the northern birds. This southern form is apparently

entitled to the name />. cayana cyanater Less.*

3. Tachyphonus cristatus cristatus ((tin.)

Tauagra cristate (Jmelin, Sijxt. Xat. 1. ii. p. X98 (1788— ex Brissou et Buffon : Cayenne).

Nos. 584, ii 14. 3<$ ad. 7. Hi., 10. iv. 06. " Iris brown, bill and feet black."

The differences between T. c. cristata, of Cayenne, and T. c. cristatellus, of

Bogota, etc., as pointed out by me in Nov. Zool. xii. p. 275, are apparently not

constant. We have lately received an adult $ (and I have seen others) from Eastern

Ecuador with the crest of the same reddish orange tinge as our Cayenne specimen,

while the two Obidos skins, which ought to belong to the Cayenne race, agree in the

bright orange-red colour of the crown with the series from Bogota, etc. They are,

however, quite different from T. c. brunneus {brasiliensis Scl.), the crest being much

shorter, lighter, and bordered in front and laterally by a very distinct fulvous buff

line, which is but slightly indicated in the East Brazilian form.

T. e. cristatus is new to the Lower Amazonian fauna, though it was collected

near Borba, Rio Madeira, by J. Natterer.

4. Tachyphonus luctuosus Lair, et D'Orb.

Cfr. supra, p 7.

No. 611. <J ad. 31. iii. 00. No. 037. ? 10. iv. 06. " Iris brown."

The male has an ivory-white patch on the basal half of the lower mandible.

5. Sporophila castaneiventris Cab.

Cfr. supra, p. 7.

No. 6U3. <J ad., 28. iii. (»J. " Iris and bill black."— Exactly like specimens from

British Guiana and Santarem.

0. Sicalis columbiana goeldii Berl.

C£r. supra, p. 8.

No. 592. t? ad., 12. iii. 06. " Iris brown, feet greyish brown, bill greyish yellow."

Perfectly similar to the topotypical examples from Santarem.

7. Pipra erythrocephala (Linn.)

Cfr. Ibis 1906, p. 20.

Three <J<J ad., 30. iv. 06. "Iris white, bill greyish yellow." Nos. 057, 658,

659.

The crowu and sides of the head are even brighter orange than in specimens

from Trinidad and Cnmana.

In my revision of the genus Pipra (I.e.) I mentioned Para and Rio Capim

among the localities of P. erythrocephala, but Miss Snethlage (in lift.) has since

informed me that this species does not incur in the Para district, and that the

i 'iipiin examples, collected by Dr. Goeldi, belong to /'. rubrocapilla. Layard's

specimen was lost, and there is only one Wallaciau skin in the British Museum,

* Dacnis cyanater Lesson, Traitid'Crn. 1S3I. p. 458 (*'dn Breuil").

( 31 )

aid to be from Para, but with no original label. As Wallace collected also on the

Rio Negro and on the island of Mexiana, a mistake with regard to the locality

might have occurred. Anyhow, there is no proof as yet that P. erythrocephala is

found south of the Amazons, where P. rubrocapilla evidently takes its place.

8. Chiroxiphia pareola pareola (Linn.)

Cfr. Nov. Zoul. xiii. p. 363.

No. 653. t? ad. 28. iv. 06. " Iris dark brown." Identical with Pari examples.

9. Sittasomus amazonus Lafr.

Siltasomus amazonus Lafresnaye, Bee. Hag. Zool. 1850, p. 590 ("ad summum Auiazonum").

No. 618. ? ad. (erroneously marked " 3 "), Obidos, 4. iv. 06. "Iris brown." —

Wing 72 ; tail 75 ; bill 14 mm.

Agreeing perfectly with specimens from British Guiana and the Caura valley,

Venezuela. Typical Upper Amazonian skins are not available for comparison.

10. Glyphorhynchus cuneatus cuneatus (Lent.)

Cfr. Nov. Zool. xii. (1905), p. 280.

No. 652. c?, 18. iv. U6. " Iris dark brown."

11. "Dendrornis guttata sororia Berl. & Hart.

[DendrocolapUa guttatus Lichtenstein, Abhandl. Berliner Akad. 1818-19. p. 201 (1820— Bahia)].

Dendrornls rostripcdlens sororia Berlepsch & Hartert, Nov. Zool. ix. p. 03 (1902 — Maipures, Orinoco).

No. 606. S ad., Obidos, 29. iii. 06. " Iris brown, feet and bill bluish grey."—

Wing 110 ; tail 99 ; 2,11 mm.

This specimen agrees perfectly with our large series from Surinam, Cayenne

and the Orinoco region. The upper mandible (in the dry skin) is uniform blackish,

the under parts are fulvous brown, and the light stripes on the foreueck and breast

have very distinct blackish margins.

U. g. guttatoides (Lafr.) [= rostripallens Des Murs] has the upper bill partly

pale-coloured ; the lower surface is much more rusty, and the dusky margins to the

feathers of the foreneck and chest are much less distinct. The specimens collected

by Natterer near Manaos and on the upper Rio Negro belong to this form.

U. g. sororia is new to the Brazilian avifauna.

12. Nasica longirostris (Vieill.)

Cfr. supra, p. IB.

No. 599. ? fere ad., 28. iii. 06. " Iris pale brown, bill greenish yellow."

13. Dysithainnus murinus (Scl. & Salv.)

Thatmiophihts murinus (Natterer Ms.) Sclater and Salvin, P.Z.S. 1807. p. 75(3 (Cayenne ; Marabitanas

et Barra do Bio Negro; Xeberos. — We accept Barra '!■> Rio Negro as typical locality).

No. 647. <$ vix ad., 21. iv. 06. " Iris light grey, feet grey, bill greyish black."

Differs from specimens collected by Natterer on the Rio Negro, only by its

somewhat larger dimensions and by having both the upper and under parts of

a rather darker grey.

This species seems best placed iii the geims Dysithamnus, near D. schistaceus, etc.

( 32 )

14. Cerconiacra tyrannina (Scl.

Pyriglena tyramuna Bolster, P.Z.S. 1855. p. 90. pi. 98 (Bogota coll.).

No. 655. cJ ad., 29. iv. 06. " Iris greyish brown."

No. 651. ? ad., 28. iv. 06. •' Iris grey-brown."

These specimens are in every respect typical C. tyrannina, .agreeing with our

extensive series from Bogotii, the Orinoco region, British Gaiana and Para. It is

highly interesting to find this form on the north bank of the Amazons, while on the

opposite side of the great river, near Santarem, another representative of this group

(C. n. approximans, l'elz.) is met with.

15. *Myrmeciza longipes griseipectus Berl. & Hart.

[Dryiuophila longipe* Swaiuson, Zool. J, mm. ii. p. 152(1825 — "some part of Brazil,'' errore. —

Trinidad substituted as typ. locality ; cfr. Nov. Zuol. xiii. p. 33).]

Myrmeciza ewainsoni griseipectus Berlcpsch & Hartert, Nov. Zu,,l. ix. p. 70 (1902— Caicara, Orinoco).

Nos. 650, 654. 3 S ad., 28, 29. iv. 06. ''Iris reddish brown, feet yellowish

grey, bill black."— Wing 69, 60 ; tail moulting; bill 19 mm.

No. 035. ? ad., 15. iv. 06. " Iris brown."— Wing 65J ; tail 54^ ; bill 18J mm.

The St$ agree perfectly with others from the Caura Biver and British Gaiana.

Typical birds from the Orinoco valley have the grey colouring on the foreneck

rather darker and somewhat more extended, but this difference is very trifling and

not quite constant.

J/. /. griseiventris, which was known from British Guiana, the Orinoco region

and the Rio Meta, Eastern Colombia, is quite new to the Brazilian avifauna.

16. Myrmeciza ferruginea (P. L. S. Hull.)

Turdus ferrugineus P. L. S. Muller, Natursyst. Suppl. p. 141 (1770— based on " Merle a cravate, de

Cayenne," Daubenton, PI. enl. 500. fig. 2. — Cayenne).

Turdus cinnamomeus Gnielin, Syst Nat. 1. i. p. 825 (1788— based on the same).

Myrmeciza cinnamomea auct.

No. 641. ? moulting, 19. iv. 06. "Iris dark brown, feet blue-black, bill black,

below grey."

Agreeing well with other females from Surinam and British Guiana

IT. Hypocnemis cantator cantator (Bodd.)

Formicariw Cantatar (sic!) Boddaert, Tabl. PI. ml. p. 44 (1783— based on '• Le Carrilloncur, de

Cayenne," D'Aubenton, PI. cul. 700. f. 2. — typical locality, therefore, Cayenne.)

No. 643. S vix ad., 18. iv. 06. " Iris brown."

No. 640. ? ad., 18. iv. 06. " Iris brown."

Identical with a large series from Cayenne. In the 6 8 the upper back is

cinereous, with a few indistinct dusky dots, and a very small, concealed white dorsal

spot ; in the ? ¥ it is uniform pale olive brownish.

Two SS ad. collected by Natterer near Hanaos (Barra do Bio Negro), belong

also to the typical race, which on the south bank of the Amazons is replaced by

H. c. peruvianas. Cfr. supra, p. 19.

18. Myrmotherula axillaris axillaris (Vieill.)

Cfr. Nov. Zool. xiii. (1906) p. 368.

No. 696. J ad., 7. iv. 00. " Iris brown."

( 33 )

19. Phoethornis rupurumii amazonicus Hellm.

Cfr. supra, p. 23.

No. 636. ¥ ad., 15. iv. 06. " Iris black, feet greyish red, bill black, base of

lower mandible yellow." — Wing 44 ; rectr. med. 45A ; r. subnied. 33 ; r. ext. 18 ;

bill 24£ mm.

Agrees perfectly with the typical examples from Santaretn.

20. Agyrtria niillerii (Bourc.)

Trochilua .Millerii Bourcier, P.Z.S. 1847, p. 43 (" le Brc'sil, Rio Negro, rapportu par M. Xatterer ").

No. 593. ? ad., 16. iii. 06. " Iris black, bill black, base of lower mandible

light red." — Wing 45 ; tail 25; bill 17 mm.

Except in being slightly smaller, the specimen agrees with sexed ? ? of

A. millerii from the Orinoco. Forehead and vertex are covered with glittering pare

green or golden-green feathers ; chin and throat pure white without any metallic

srjots. A. affinis, A. nitidifrons, A. millerii and A. viridiceps seem to form a

natural group, representing each other geographically.

The present specimen extends the range of A. millerii considerably to the

east. The most easterly locality hitherto known was Mauaos, where Natterer

collected several specimens.

21. Agyrtria albiventris albiventris (Less.)

Cfr. supra, p. 24.

No. 604. 8 ad., 28. iii. 06. " Iris black, bill black, base of lower mandible red."

—Wing 53 ; tail 30 ; bill 19 mm.

This specimen is typical albiventris, having the base of the four outer tail-

feathers distinctly bronze green. The under tail-coverts are dark brown with

broad white edges.

Cfr. the remarks supra, p. 24.

22. Chlorestes caeruleus (Vieill.)

Cfr. Nov. Zuul. xiii. p. 377.

Nos. 587, 594, 595, 610, 634, 656. 3 88 ad., 1 8 km, 1 ?, 1 juv., II, 15,

16, 31. iii., 15. 29. iv. 06. " Iris black."

23. Nyctibius grandis (Gin.)

Caprimulgus grandis Gmelin, Syst. Nat. 1. ii. p. 1029 [1788 — "Cayenna" — ex Brisson (ex

Marograve) et Daubenton, PL oil. 325].

No. 621. ? ad., 6. iv. 06. "Iris reddish black, feet whitish grey, bill black."

Wing 364 ; tail 250 mm.

Agrees in size and coloration with several specimens from Surinam. These

have the following dimensions : wing 367, 368, 370 ; tail 235, 240, 200 mm.

Skins from South Brazil require comparison.

24. Chloronerpes fiavigula (Bodd.)

Cfr. >><pra, p. 25.

No. 019. 8 ad., 28. iii. 00. " Iris black, bill bluish black."

Bill short, as in Cayenne examples.

( 34 )

25. Celeus ochraceus (Spix).

Picut o ' Spix, Av. Bras. i. (1824), p. 59 tab. li. fig. 1 ("in \\lvis Anuaomtm'").

No. 600. ? imm., 2.7. iii. 06. "Iris reddish blue, bill black, below greyish

white."

The blackish spots ou the mantle are distinctly heart-shaped. Some of the

breast tent hers are margined with rusty— evidently a sign of immaturity.

The Triug Mnsenm possesses an adult S from S. Lourenco, state of

Pernambuco, collected by Mous. A. Robert. This has the same ochraceous

colour of the plumage as Amazonian specimens, but the black markings on the

back are more transverse, thus showing an approach to C. flaxteseens (Gm.), of

South-east Brazil.

C. ochraceus is evidently the northern representative of C. Jlacescens, and

seems to be not uncommon on the Lower Amazons. Natterer* and Riker f obtained

it near Santarem, and Bliss Snethlage \ recently met with it in the Scrra of

Monte Alegre.

26. Celeus elegans elegans (P. L. S. Mull.)

Picut elegans P. L. S. Mutter, Natursyst. SiljppL, P- 92 (177(5. — ex D'Aubenton, PI. enl. 524.—

Cayenne). Cfr. Xov. Zoul. xiii., p. 39.

Celeus cinnamomeus Pelzeln. Zur Orn. Bras. iii. (1869), p. 251 (Barra do Rio Negro).

No. 04^. 6 ad., Obidos, 10. iv. 00. " Iris red, bill pale grey."

Since writing my notes in j\ror. Zool. xiii. pp. 39-40, I have examined much

additional material, and it seems that the distinction between ('. e. elegans of

Cayenne and C. e. reichenbachi auct. of British Guiana, etc., cannot be upheld.

It is true, the specimens from Cayenne are considerably darker, more

chestnut, on both the upper and lower parts, than any other examples I have

seen ; but the amount of pale spotting ou the back and upper wing-coverts does

not appear to depend upon locality.

The S from Obidos, a ? from Manaos (Natterer coll.), and four skins from

Forte do Bio Branco (Natterer) have the top of the head and crest ochraceous-

bnff as the Cayenne birds, while in the cinnamon-rufous colour of the plumage

they agree with those from Surinam, British Guiana and the Orinoco delta. In

two of the Rio Branco skins, the back and upper wing-coverts are uniform, in

the two others they are distinctly spotted with pale yellowish like the examples

from Obidos aud Manaos. Lately, we have received a S from Demerara, which

also has spots on the upper parts !

Without much larger series from the various localities it is impossible to

say whether there are any local races or not.

C. e. elegans is only known from the north bank of the Amazons, and it

appears that the great river forms the southern limit of its range.

ft reichenbackii apud Pelzeln (Urn. Bras. iii. p. 251), from Mattagrosso, is

certainly different from the present form. The single specimen, however, being

not quite adult, I prefer to wait for additional material before separating it.

• ivlzdn, Zur Orn. Brazil, iii. (1SG!>), p. 260.

t Auk, 1891. p. SI.

t Journ. I'. Ornith. lsniG, p. 410.

(35 )

27. Piaya cayana cayana (Linn.)

Cuculus cayanus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. xii. 1. p. 170 (1766.— ex Brisson ; Cayenne).

No. 631. <S in moult. 10. iv. i>6. " Iris brownish rod, bill yellowish green."

This specimen agrees perfectly with a series from Surinam and British

Guiana — i.e. P. c. guianensis (Cab. & Heine), cfr. Nov. Zool. xiii. p. 44. Additional

material, however, has convinced me that this form canuot be separated from

typical P. c. cayana (Linn.), the supposed distinguishing characters not being

constant. On the other hand, the examples from Pani (cfr. Nov. Zool. xii. p. 298)

differ by their considerably lighter, cinnamou-rufous upper parts, and paler, whitish

grey (not cinereous) thighs and crissum. Their proper name is probably

P. c. pallescens (Cab. & Heine), but the types should be examined. Anyhow,

they belong to a form distinct from true P. cayana.

The range of the two first races of my review (Nov. Zool. xiii. p. 43) would

accordingly be as follows : —

a. Piaya cayana cayana (Linn.).

Pyrrhoeoccyx guianensis Cab. <S Heine, Mux. Hon. iv. (1862), p. 85 (Guiana).

Cayenne, Surinam, British Guiana west to the Orinoco valley, and south to the

north bank of the Amazons (Obidos).

b. Piaya cayana pallescens (Cab. & Heine).

Pyrrhoeoccyx pallescens Cabania & Heine, Mtts. Hein. iv. (1862), p. 80 (" Nord-Brasilieu ").

N.E. Brazil: vicinity of Para and Maranhao.*

28. Selenidera piperivora (Liun.)

Ramphastoa piperivormi Linnaeus, Si/st. Nat. xii. 1. p. 150 (1766. — ex Brisson— " Cayana ").

Selenidera piperivora Pelzeln, Zm- Ornith. Bras. iii. (1809), p. 230 (Barra do Rio Negro).

No. 632. ¥ ad., 10. iv. 06. " Iris brownish red, feet green, bill black, red

at the base."

Perfectly identical with other females from British Guiana and Surinam.

This species occurs only on the north side of the Amazons.

29. Monasa nigra (P. L. S. Mull.)

Cuculus uitjer P. L. S. Miiller, Natursysi. Suppl., p. 90 (1770.- ex Buffon, sc. Duubeuton,

PI. enl. 512 — Cayenne).

Monasa alia Pelzeln, Zar Omith. Brasil. i. (1807), p. 22 (Barra do Rio Negro).

No. 602. 6, 28. iii. 00. " Iris brownish red."

No. . ?, 18. iv. 00. "Iris brown."— Wing 135 ; tail 125 ; bill 37 mm.

Both specimens are in moult. They do not differ from a large series of skins

from Surinam, British Guiana and the Caura valley.

.1/. nigra is another of those Guianan forms the range of which extends to

the north side of the Lower Amazons, but which are not found on the south

bank of that river.

* I examined a specimen belonging to the Museum of Sophia, Bulgaria, and found it perfectly

identical with our Para series.

f This name appeared first in the tenth edition of the Syxt. Nat. p. 103, and then again in

the Mm. Ad. Frid. Prodromal ii. (1761), p. 17. The diagnosis, given in both cases, is, however,

nut sufficient to recognise the species.

(36 )

30. Galbula galbula (Liun.)

.lAci/n Galbula Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. xii. 1. p. 182(17GG. — ex Brisson and Marcgrave. — "Brasilia,

Cayana." — As typical locality fixed Cayenne : ex Brisson).

No. 590. c? ad., 12. iii. 06. Nos. 598, 024. ? ? ad., 27. iii., 0. iv. 06. "Iris

brown, liill black."

These specimens arc perfectly identical with others from Cayenne, Surinam, etc.

31. Galbula albirostris albirostris Lath.

Galbula albirostris' Latham, Ltd. Oritith. i. p. 245 [1790 — "in America australi " — we substitute

Cayenne as typical locality].

i,. chalcocephala (nee Deville) Pelzeln, Zur Ornith. Brasil. i. (1807), p. 24 (pt. : Barra do Rio

Negro).

No. 648. $ ad., 24. iv. 00. " iris brown, bill yellow, apical portion of upper

mandible black."— Wing 76 ; tail 70 ; bill 38 mm.

Agrees with a large series of the typical form from Cayenne, British Guiana

and the Caura valley. All these specimens have the basal third or half of the

upper mandible clear yellow.

Examples from North-eastern Peru, Eastern Ecuador aud the upper Rio

Negro (Guia, Marabitanas), however, form a well characterised geographical

race which is entitled to the name G. a. chalcocephala Deville.t The upper

mandible is always wholly black, and the colour of the foreneck and chest very

much darker, cinnamon-rufous (Ridg., Nomencl. iv. fig. 16) instead of ferruginous

(iv. fig. 10). Moreover, the wings are rather longer (81 — 84 against 72 — 76 mm.

in the typical form), and the bill as a rule slightly longer (42 — 43 against

36—30 mm.).

Two females from Barra du Rio Negro (Wallace & Natterer coll.) show

all characters of G. a. albirostris, but are much smaller than any other example

1 have seen.

32. Momotus momota momota (Linn.)

Ramphastos Momota Linnaeus, Syst Nat. xii. 1. p. 152 ^1700— based on Edwards & Brisson (excl.

syn. Marcgrave)— Cayenne (ex Brisson) accepted as typical locality).

No. 616. ? ad., 2. iv. 06. No. 627. S ad., 7. iv. 06. No. 601. av. imm. 28. iii. 06.

" Iris light red, feet and bill black."

These birds agree perfectly with our series from the Guianas, etc. All have

a large chestnut patch on the nape. M. m. parensis Sharpe differs from them by

its much more ochraceous under-parts, and by the nape-patch being of a decidedly

darker chestnnt.

It is an interesting fact that the typical Goianan form occurs on the north

bank of the Amazons. Ou the opposite side of the great river it is replaced by

M. VI. milt, i, a (see above, p. 28).

33. Pyrrhura picta amazonum Hellm.

[Psittacus picius P. L. S. Miiller, Natursyst. Suppl., p. 75 (1770. — ex Daubenton, /'/. cnl. 144. —

i lyenne.]

Pyrrhura picta amazonum Hellunyr, Bull. 13. O. C. xix. (Oct. 1906) p. 8.

No. 585. 6 ad., 9. iii. 06. '"Iris brownish red."— Wing 122 ; tail 110 mm.

* Latham's description refers undoubtedly to the above species. The conflicting statement: "bill

v. 1 1 1 , i icepl the based' the upper mandible, which is dusky," is certainly a lapsus calami or a misprint,

and it should "i lepl thi tip of the upper mandible."

.'.' Mag. /,•■'. 1819, p. 55 (" .Mission de Sarayaeu, riviere L'cayali'').

( 37 )

No. 630. c? ad., 9. iv: 06. " Iris brownish red."— Wing 120i ; tail 108 mm.

No. 586. ? ad., 11. iii. 00. " Iris yellow."— Wing 124 ; tail 110 mm. Type

of subspecies.

No. 625. ? fere ad., 6. iv. 06. " Iris yellow." Wing 124 mm. ; tail incomplete.

This new form differs from P. p. picta of Guiana, etc., by lacking the crimson

patch on the bend of the wing, and by the green edges of the fonr central tail

feathers being confined to the basal third or half, while in the typical form they

reach almost to the tip. Iu both these respects the Obidos specimens agree

with P. picta luciani Dev. of Upper Amazonia, and could be mistaken for the young

of this form. But even quite young birds of P. devillei have always a few red

feathers and scarcely any blue on the frontal edge, while my new form shows a

well-defined pale blue band across the forehead, reaching as far back as the

anterior margin of the eye. It shares this peculiarity with P. p. picta, in which,

however, the blue frontal band is about twice as broad. The broad frontlet is

also the best character to distinguish immature specimens of P. p. picta (with

very little red on the bend of the wing) from P. p. amazonum.

Thus there are three geographical forms, the characters and range of which

may be summarised as follows :

a. Pyrrhura picta picta (P. L. S. Mull.)

Adult. Forehead as far back as the posterior margin of the eye pale blue.

Bend of the wing light red. Four central tail feathers laterally broadly edged with

green, except on the apical fourth. Ear-coverts dirty whitish or greyish buff.

Young. Forehead and tail as in the adult. Bend of the wing green, with only

a few scattered red feathers here and there.

Hab. Cayenne, Surinam, British Guiana, west to the valley of the Gaura River,

a tributary of the Orinoco, East Venezuela.

N.B. — The locality " Trinidad " is doubtless erroneous.

Material : 2 Cayenne, 6 Surinam, 4 Brit. Guiana, 4 Caura River.

b. Pyrrhura picta amazonum Hellm.

Conurus roselfrons (nee Gray) Allen. Bull. Essex List. viii. 1870, p. SI. (Santavem).

Adult. Forehead as far as the anterior margin of the eye pale blue. Bend of

the wing green, only in one specimen some of the feathers slightly edged witli red.

Four central tail feathers on the basal third or half narrowly margined with green.

Ear-coverts bright brownish buff.

Hab. Lower Amazons : Obidos, Santarem.

A female from Santarem, forwarded by Prof, von Ihering (Garbe coll. — Mus.

Panlista, Brazil), agrees in every respect with our Obidos series. The specimen in

the Berlin Museum, said to be from Pard,* belongs most probably also to

this form.

c. Pyrrhura picta lucianii (Dev.)

Conurus Lucianii Deville, Rev. Mag. Zool. 1851, p. 210 ("la riviere des Amazones ").

Adult. Forehead and more or less of the pileum as well as the lores and a

ring round the eye clear red. Bend of the wing greeu, sometimes with a few

• Conurus oyatiovterut Finsoh, Papageiet i. p. 511.

( 38 )

scattered ivil feathers. Four central tail feathers narrowly margined with green

on their basal half.

Young. Top of the head very dark brown, forehead with only a few small red

feathers : in more advanced plumage witli a distinct red frontal band. Otherwise

like the adult.

Jl'ih. Upper Amazonia : from Northern Pern south to the River Junta, in

North-west Brazil.

Material : T Shannsi, near Yurimaguas (Garlepp) ; 2 Palcazu, Huanuco, Peru

(Hoffmanns coll.); 1 ad. Rio Jurna, North-west Brazil (Garbe coll.): all in the

Tring Museum.

34. Psittacula deliciosa Ridgw.

Psittacula deliciosa Ridgway, Proa U.S. Nat. Mus. x. (1887) p. 545 (1888.— Piamantina Creek,

Santarem, Lower Amazons) ; Chapman & Riker, .!»/-. 1891, p. 160.

No. 588. S ad., Obidos, 12. iii. 00. " Iris whitish yellow, feet light greyish red,

bill whitish grey." Wing 79 ; tail 40 mm.

This is, as far as 1 know, the first specimen in any Enropean collection.

P. deliciosa is an excellent form, and not to be confounded with P. g. guianensis* (Sws.)

and /'. ij. cyanocMora]\H.&rtl. It differs from both in the following particulars:

The emerald green lower back shows on the anterior portion a distinct turquoise

blue shade, which is altogether absent in the two allied forms; the greater upper

wing-coverts, instead of being glaucous green, are delicate turquoise blue with a

darker, more ultramarine-blue shaft-streak, only the concealed inner web being

yellowish green like the back ; the secondaries (except the tertials) are for the

greater part pure ultramarine blue, with a narrow yellowish green margin to the

apical half of the outer web. In both, P. g. guianensis and P. g. cyanochlora

the secondaries are (like the primaries) entirely green, there being scarcely a

faint bluish tinge at the extreme base of some of the outermost feathers. In

the coloration of under wing-coverts, the males of the three forms are perfectly-

alike, the under primary coverts being dull bluish green, the rest dark hyacinth blue.

On the other hand, P. viridissima Lafr. of Venezuela,} united by Salvadori

and Ridgway to P. guianensis, diners at a glance by having only a patch on the

innermost under wing-coverts hyacinth blue, all the rest being emerald or glaucous

green. The various forms of Psittacula will be discussed by me on another occasion.

35. Rupornis magnirostris magnirostris (Gm.)

Falco magnirostris Gmelin, Syst. Nat. 1. i. p. 282 (1788.— ex Daubenton, /'/. enl. 4G4.— Cayenne)

No. 596. S juv., 20. iii. 06. " Iris yellowish red."

Agrees well with specimens from British Guiana and Surinam in corresponding

plumage.

30. Busarellus nigricollis (Lath.)

Falco nigricollis Latham, [ml. O™. i. p. 35 (1790.— "Cayana").

No. 015. ? imm., 2. iv. 00. " Iris light brown, feet greyish yellow, bill black."

* Six specimens from Surinam in the Tring Museum, and an adult <J from British Guiana in the

British Museum,

t Four specimens from Forte do Rio Branco, North Brazil, in the Vienna Museum, kindly lent me Iry

Dr. von Lorenz.

t Sixteen ^ J from Cnmani, and Altagracia, Orinoco.

( 39 )

37. Harpagus bidentatus (Lath.)

Falco hidentatus Latham, Lid. Orn. i. p. 38 (1790. — " Cayana").

No. 645. <? ad., 20. iv. 00. " Iris light yellow, bill greyish black."

38. Hypotriorchis rufigularis (Dand.)

Falco rufigularis Daudin, Tniitc d'Orn. ii. p. 131 (1800.— ex Latham: Cayenne) [cfr. Nov. Zool ix.

(1902) p. 115].

Nos. 617, 623. c?¥ ad., 2, 6. iv. 06. "Iris dark brown, feet yellow, bill

black."

39. Pisorhina choliba crucigera (Spix).

[Strix choliba Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. vii. p. 39 (1817.— ex Azara, No. 48 : Paraguay).]

Stria crucigera Spix, Av. Bras. i. p. 22. tab. ix. (1824.-" juxta flumen Amazonum").

No. 605. ? ad., 29. iii. 06. " Iris light yellow."

About this form cfr. Abhandl. Bayer. Akad. Wissensch. ii. Kl. vol. xxii. 3.

p. 575.

40. Dendrocygna discolor Scl. & Salv.

Dendrocygna discolor Sclater & Salvin, Nomenel. Ar. neotrop. p. 101 (1873.— "Venezuela, Guiana et

Brasilia." — type ex Surinam ; cfr. Cat. Birds Brit, Mug. xxvii. p. 162).

No. 620. ? ad., 6. iv. 06. " Iris brown, feet pale greyish red, bill rather

darker." ,

This specimen is perfectly similar to another from Trinidad. In both the

lower hindneck is huffy grey, abruptly contrasted against the chestnut of the back.

41. Ortalis motmot (Linn.)

Phasianus Motmot Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. xii. 1. p. 271 (1 7(56. —ex Brisson : "Brasilia, Guiana." — As

typical locality accepted Cayenne ; cfr. Nov. Zool. ix. (1902) p. 120).

Nos. 607, 609, 628, 639. <?(?, 29, 31. iii., 8, 17. iv. 06. " Iris brown, feet red,

bill greyish black. Skin on neck light red."

No. 629. ? ad., 8. iv. 06. " Iris brown."

These birds are practically identical with a large series from Surinam, British

Guiana, etc.

0. motmot is also a Gnianan species, but seems to occur on both banks of the

Lower Amazons. Natterer collected it near Mangos, and the American Museum

of New York received it from Santarem (cfr. Auk 1891. p. 162).

42. Crypturus erythropus (Pelz.)

Thiamin erythropus Pelzeln. Verhandl. zool.-botan. Gesellsch. Wien, xiii. pp. 1127, 1129 (1863. —

Barra do Rio Negro).

No. 649. " ? " jr. Obidos, 26. iv. 06. " Iris light brown, feet yellowish red,

bill black, below grayish." — Wing 164 ; bill 30 mm.

Like the type of T. longirostris in the British Museum, this specimen has the

wing coverts, secondaries, middle and lower back, including the upper tail coverts,

strongly barred with buff or rufescent, and diners only by the ground colour of the

crown being more slaty, less blackish. It answers well to Pelzeln's description of

the female of C. erythropus (I.e.).

This species is new to the fauna of the Lower Amazons, though collected by

Natterer near Manuos and on the Upper Rio Branco.

( -1" )

ON A COLLECTION OF BIRDS FROM TEFFE, RIO

SOLIMOES, BRAZIL.

By C. E. IIELLMAYR.

AFTER leaving Obidos, Mr. W. Hoffmanns went to Telle (Ega), on the south

bank of the Bio Solimoes, where be was at work from the last week of

May to the end of Jnne. Although the collection is not a large one, it proves

to be of considerable interest, showing once more how much remains to be done in the

ornithology of the Amazon valley. The Rio Solimoes is even less known than

the Lower Amazons, though visited by several naturalists. The Bavarian expedition

ninler Spix and Martins obtained a few specimens at S. Paulo d'Olivenea and near

Tabatinga. Count t'asteluau transmitted a good many birds from Fonteboa and

Ega to the Paris Museum, but only a few species were mentioned in the ornitho-

logical portion of the Expedition dans les parti?* centrales de FAnbriqiie du Slid,

while the greater part remained uuworked in the French national collection.

Mr. II. W. Rates spent more than four years in Ega and its neighbourhood,

and thongh chiefly interested in entomology, managed to bring together a fair

number of ornithological specimens, which, however, were never reported upon.

The only paper that seems to have been published on his material appeared in

the Proceedings of the Zoological Society for 1857, pp. 267-68, wherein Mr. Sclater

records twenty-three species of birds as having been collected near Ega. Natterer

obtained some birds on the "lake" Manaqneri, which were duly enumerated by

von Pelzeln in his well-known work " Zur Ornitholoyie. Brasiliens." Lastly, Mr. G.

Garlepp, on his way to Pern, made a short stay at Fonteboa and Tonantius, where he

procured specimens of twenty-six species, an account of which was published

by Count Berlepsch in the Journal fur Ornithologie, 1889, pp. 97-101.

The avifauna of Teffe differs essentially from that of the Lower Amazons,

agreeing more closely with that met with on the banks of the Rio Marauon, in

Northern Pern. Other remarks on the zoogeography of the Amazon valley I defer

to a later occasion.

In the preparation of this paper I have been greatly assisted by Count von

Berlepsch and Dr. Lorenz von Libnrnan, who most kindly lent me many specimens

for comparison.

1. Turdus hauxwelli Lawr.

Turdut hauxwelli Lawrence. Aim. Lye. Nan York, ix. p. 2G5 (18G9 — Pebas, X.E. Peru).

No. 727. <? ad., 31. v. 0G. " Iris light brown, bill greyish green." — Wing 113 ;

tail 96 ; bill 20 mm.

This bird agrees well with topotypical examples from Pebas. T. hauxwelli is

an excellent form, not to be confounded with T. fumigatus Lcht., from which it

differs in many important points. The upper parts are much duller and darker,

about " mummy-brown" (Ridgw. iii., fig. 10), without any ochreons hue ; foreneck,

breast, and sides, instead of beiug bright ochraceons brown, are "wood-brown," a

little more rnfesceut than Ridgway's pi. iii. fig. 19 ; the under tail-coverts dark

brown on the basal and pure white on the apical portion, without any trace ot

(41 )

ochreons or fnlvons colouring; the middle of the abdomen pure white; the axillaris

and under wing-coverts much duller, and the inner web of the quills nearly uniform

greyish brown.

2. Turdus ignobilis debilis Hellm.

Tardus ignobilis debilis Hellmayr, Journ.f. Ornith. 1902, p. 56 (type ex Rio Madeira).

No. 787. c? juv., 9. vi. 00. " Iris brown, feet and bill greyish brown."

This is quite a young bird, agreeing with another specimen from East Ecuador

in corresponding plumage.

3. Troglodytes musculus clarns Berl. & Hart.

T. in. clarus Berlepsch & Hartert, Nov. Zoo/, ix. p. H (1002— type ex Bartica Grove, British Guiana).

No. 783. c? ad., 8. vi. 06. " Iris brown, feet brown, bill greyish black."

Identical with specimens from Para and British Guiana.

4. Leucolepia modulator rufogularis (Des Mors).

[Thri/othorus modulator TJ'Orbigny, Voyage, Oiseaux, p. 230 (1838 — Yuracares, North Bolivia).]

Saroehalinus rufogularis, Des Murs in Castebtau's Voyage — Oiseaux, p. 4'J, tab. xvii. fig. 1 (1855 —

Sarayacii, Peru).

No. 895. c? ad., 24. vi. 00. " Iris dark brown."— Wing 73 ; tail 45 ; bill 19 mm.

No. 894. ? juv., 24. vi. 06. " Iris dark brown."

No. 881. juv., 23. vi. 00.

The adult bird agrees with specimens from North Pern, except in having a

slightly longer tail. As regards coloration, examples from North Peru (including

the type of S. rufogularis Des Murs, belonging to the Paris Museum), Teffe, and

from the valley of the Rio Junta, W. Brazil, are perfectly identical among them-

selves. All have the throat, foreneck, front and sides of the head of a deep

ferruginous red, and the abdomen decidedly rufescent brown.

The two typical specimens of T. modulator from Yuracares (Paris Museum)

and a ? from Northern Bolivia (in Count Berlepsch 's collection) differ from this

series by the much lighter tone of the ferruginous portions of the plumage, and by

having the abdomen almost pure olive brown with scarcely any rnfescent tinge. It

seems therefore advisable — for the present at least — to keep the two forms separate,

though it is not improbable that additional specimens from Bolivia might prove

them to be identical.

A third nearly allied form, L. modulator salvini (Sharpe), occurs in Eastern

Ecuador. It differs from the two others chiefly by having the ear-coverts uniform

dark sepia brown (instead of rufous). I have examined five specimens, including

the types.

5. Donacobius atricapillus (Linn.)

Turdus atricapilha Linnaeus, Sytt. Nut. xii. I. p. 2'J5 (17fiG— ex Brisson : " Cap b. spei "— errore !

We substitute Cayenne as the typical locality).

Nos. 804, 800. rj ? ad., 11. vi. 06. ;' Iris yellow, feet greyish green, bill black.

A large naked patch on each side of the neck bright yellow."

No. 805. S juv., 11. vi. 06. " Iris grey, feet and bill as in the adults."

In the Catalogue of Birds vi. p. 304, uo mention is made of the naked patch on

(42 )

the sides ni' the neck, though this peculiarity has boon noticed by Prince Wied (cfr.

Beitr. Natyrg. Brasil. 3. ii. 1831, pp. 662, 664).

]>. albovittatus Lafr. & D'Orb.* is nothing bni the young of D. atricapillus.

I compared the type in the Paris Museum, and found it perfectly identical with

another specimen from S. Esteban, Venezuela (Mns. Berlepsch). Both birds are

still in the fluffy juvenile plumage, and show a broad white superciliary stripe.

This is also present, though less pronounced, in various specimens from Bahia

and Bogota ; in the 3 juv. from Teffd there are several small whitish feathers

to be seen above the ear-coverts. It is true I have not yet seen adult specimens

from Bolivia, but they are not likely to be different, as a series from Paraguay aud

S.W. Brazil (Mattogrosso) is not distinguishable from a good number of skins

from Bahia, Cayenne, Venezuela, etc., in the Tring Museum.

6. Vireo chivi (Vieill.) snbsp.

Sylvia chivi Vieillot, Noun). Diet. xi. p. 174 (1817 — ex Azara : Paraguay).

Nos. 72f>, 759,760. 3 3 ad., ? imm., 31. v., 6.vi.06. " Iris brown, bill greyish

black, feet bluish grey."

The back is bright yellowish green and the cap pure (bluish) cinereous. The

adult birds have the following dimensions : Wing 64, 67 ; tail 44, 49 ; bill 13£,

14 mm.

I defer the discussion of the geographical variatiou of this species to a later

occasion, bnt cfr. my remarks in Nov. Zool. xiii. p. 11.

7. Dacnis flaviventer Lafr. & D'Orb.

Dacntijlaviventer Lafresnaye et D'Orbignv, Syn. Ar. i., in .1%. Zool. 1837. cl. ii. p. 21 ("Ynracari-a,

rep. Boliviana '').

No. 768. 3 ad., 7. vi. 06. « Iris yellowish red, feet bluish grey, bill black."—

Wing 63* ; tail 42; bill 12 mm.

No. 711. ? ad., no date. -'Iris yellowish red."— Wing 59; tail 411 ; bill

11| mm.

I cannot detect any difference between the 3 from Teffe and another from

Bogota collections. As far as I know, this species has not yet been recorded

from Colombia.

The ? resembles very much that of I), angelica, but is easily distinguishable

by the pale brownish (not greenish) upper parts, without any bluish tinge on the

pilenm, by the dull greyish brown throat and the light yellowish bnff abdomen.

8. * Cyanerpes caerulea cherriei Berl. & Hart.

Cyanerpet caerulea cherriei Berlepsch & Hartert, Nov. Zool. ix. p. 16 (1902— Munduapo, Orinoco).

Caen ba caerulea (nee Linnaeus !) Pelzeln, Zur Ornith. Brasil. i. (1867) p. 25 (part. : Salto do Girao.

Marabitanas, Guia, Rio Iranna, and Barra do Rio Negro).

Nos. 730. 914, 33 ad., 1. vi. 06. '-Iris dark brown, feet light yellow, bill

black."— Wing 52J, 53; tail 26>, 27 ; bill 16, 17 mm.

Nos. 721, 747,748, 766, 799, 871. ?? and c?c?juv. (in female plumage),

30. v., 3, 6, 11, 20. vi. u6. " Iris dark brown, feet green or greenish grey."— Wing

53—55 ; tail 261-20 : bill 16—17 mm.

* Si/it Av. i. iu Mag. Zool. 1&37. cl. ii. p. 19 (Chiquitos and Guarayos, East Bolivia).

( 43 )

The adult c?cJ, as well as three others from Marabitanas, Manaos, and Salto do

Girao (upper Rio Madeira;, kindly lent by Dr. vou Lorenz, agree perfectly in colour

and dimensions with the types from the Orinoco. The females from Teffe differ from

those of the upper Orinoco and Rio Negro only by their paler, more lmff, less

ochraceons throat, ft c. cherriei is evidently the representative of the ft caerulea

group in the plains of the great Amazonian forest region which extends from the

banks of the npper Rio Orinoco to north-eastern Bolivia. In the mountains of

Bolivia and Peru it is replaced by ft c. microrhyncha (Berl.). I am unable to

separate some specimens from S. Augnstin,* Yungas of Bolivia (3500 ft.), and

others obtained by Mr. W. Hoffmanns near Poznzo, province Huannco, Central

Peru (elev. 3000 ft.), from a series of Colombian skins, though the latter have,

as a rule, rather longer bills. ft c. microrhyncha differs from ft c. cherriei by

its much longer wings and tail, its stronger and longer bill, and by having the

anterior portion of the crown, as well as the malar region, distinctly paler blue.

The range of these two forms is accordingly as follows : —

(a) ft caerulea microrhyncha (Berl.). Mountains of N.W. Venezuela (Merida),

Colombia, Ecuador, Pern, and North Bolivia, above about 3000 ft.

(b) ft caerulea cherriei Berl. & Hart. Plains of the Amazonian forest regiou :

on the banks of the upper Orinoco (Munduapo, Nericagna), Rio Negro (Marabitanas,

Guia, Rio Ioanna, Manaos), Rio Solimoes (Tefte), and Rio Madeira (Salto do

Girao).

9. Cyanerpes nitida (Hartl.)

Coereba nitida Hartlaub, Rev. Zool. 1847. p. 84 (" le P,'rou ").

No. 906. ? ad., 25. vi. 06. " Iris dark brown, feet yellow, bill black."— Wing

54 ; tail 31 ; bill 13i mm.

Agreeing with a ¥ from the I 'aura Valley, Venezuela, but lacking the pale

blue band across the forehead.

The ¥ of ft nitida differs from that of ft c. cherriei by its longer tail,

considerably shorter and less curved bill, bright yellow (not greyish green or

dusky) feet, whitish (not yellowish) breast, and more bluish green stripes on

the chest and sides of the body.

10. Euphonia olivacea Desni.

Euphonia olivacea Desmarest, Hist. Nut. Tangaras, etc., pi. xxvii. (1815— Cayenne — $ ) [Cfr. Nov.

Zool. ix. (1902) p. 17].

No. 868. S ad., 20. vi. 06. No. soft. ? ad., 20. vi. 06. " Iris dark brown, feet

bluish black, bill black."

I am unable to perceive any differences between typical Cayenne skins and

those from Upper Amazonia.

11. Calospiza mexicaua boliviana (Bp.)

Cfr. supra, p. 7.

Nos. 710, 712. 6 ¥ ad., Teffo, 29. v. 00. " Iris dark brown, bill and feet black."

—Wing 74£, GO ; tail 52; bill 8£, 9J mm.

In the female the shoulder patch is uniform dark azure blue, as in specimens

* Not from the Rio Beni, as ei'roneousl.v Mated in Xov. Zonl. xiii. fl90(!) n. 9.

( 44 )

from Peru and Ecuador, while the ' has a few tm-qnoise-blne feathers intermixed

towards the inner margin. In my paper on Santarem birds I noticed that this

peculiarity is not uncommon in specimens from Brazilian Amazonia.

12. Phoenicothraupis rubra peruviana Tacz.

[Tachyphomu ruber Vieillot, Nouv. Diet xxxii. p. 359 (1819.— "tie de la Trinity").]

Phoenicothraupis peruvianas Taezanowski, Orn. Pirou li. p. 49S (1884.— Peru : Yurimaguas and

Mont. ■

Nos. 705j 901. ? ad.. 24. v., 25 vi. mi. " Iris dark brown, feet yellowish grey,

bill brownish black, below light greyish."

Unfortunately Mr. Hoffmanns sent us no males, but I have examined a

specimen of this sex in the British Museum, collected by Mr. H. \V. Bates near Ega.

Besides these, there are six examples: 2 S c? ad., 1 S juv., 3 ? ? from

Chamicnros, Ynrimagnas and Xeberos, North Pern, obtained by Mr. E. Bartlett, in

the Tring Museum. This series is very uniform, and constitutes without doubt a

form distinct from true P. r. rubra (Vieill.) of Trinidad and Coraana. .Some years

ago, I also compared Natterer's specimens from Borba and Mattogrosso with an

adult 3 from Ynrimagnas in Count Berlepsch's collection, and found them to be

identical.

According to the material at hand there are three geographical races of

P. rubra to be recognised.

a. P. rubra rubra (Vieill.)

c? ad. Red crest bordered on each side by a distinct dusky margin. All the

nndersurface rosy red, middle of abdomen but slightly paler than chest and throat ;

sides of breast and flanks shaded with brownish.

? ad. Upper parts pale brown, lower ones nearly uniform brownish bull,

lightest in the middle, more brownish on chest and sides.

Bab. Trinidad and N.E. Venezuela : Cumana.

b. P. rubra peruviana Tacz.

S ad. Dusky lateral margins to the crest barely indicated. Throat and

foreneck bright rosy red; breast ami abdomen mainly dull cinereous, washed with

pale rosy along the middle line.

? ad. Under-parts paler as in P. r. rubra, usually distinctly whitish on

throat and middle of belly. Back as a rule darker brown.

Hub. North and Central Peru (Monterico, Ynrimagnas, Chamicnros, Xeberos);

N.W. Brazil : Teffe (Bates and Hoffmanns), Rio Jnrna* Mattogrosso and Borba,

Rio Madeira (Natterer) ; f Lower Amazons : Santarem. %

c. P. rubra rhodinolaema Salv. & Godm.

S ad. Differs from P. r. peruviana by having the throat and crest of a

ranch brighter, more scarlet red. The dusky margins to the crest are rather better

defined. ? ad. Not distinguishable from the ? of /'. r. peruviana.

Hub. Bast Ecuador: Sarayacu (types examined).

[hering, Bevista Mvt. Paulitt. vi. 1906, p. 432 B.n. /'. rhoiiwlaema,

I Pelzeln, Our On,. Brat. iii. (1869), p. 212. s.n. J', rubra,

I Chapman au.l Itiker, Auk, 1890, p. 207, BJL 1\ rh,«linolaema.

( 45 )

13. Tachyphonus surinamus napensis Lawr.

[Tardus surinamus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. xii. 1. p. 297 (17(36.— ex Brisson : Surinam).]

Tachyphonus Napensis Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York viii. (June 18G4), p. 42 ("Napo

River," East Ecuador).

No. 742. c? ad., 2. vi. 00. '• Iris dark brown, feet and bill black."

This specimen differs from a nnmber of skins from Bogota collections and the

Rio Napo by having a somewhat shorter and stouter bill, and a decidedly darker

rump and coronal patch which are deep tawny (Itidgw. v. fig. 1) instead of ocliraceons

(v. fig. 7). The tufts on the sides of the chest are pure white, as in T. s. napensis.

14. Ramphocelus nigrogularis (Spix).

Tanagra nigrogularis Spix, Av. Bras, ii. p. 35. tab. xlvii. (1825. — "ad flumen Solimoeus in sylvis

pagi St. Pauli ").

Nos. 673, 774. 6 S ad., 20. v., 7. vi. 00. " Iris dark red, feet and bill black,

base of lower mandible white."

Nos. 775, 674. S fere ad., ¥ ad., 7. vi., 20. v. 06. " Iris red or dark brown."

These specimens are topotypical. Others from Pern and East Ecuador do not

differ in any way.

15. Saltator maximus (P. L. S. Mull.)

Tanagra maxima P. L. S. Muller, Natursyst. Suppl. p. 159 (1776.— ex Daubenton, PI. enl. 205. —

Cayenne).

Saltator magims auct.

Nos. 818, 841. ? ? . 13, 16. vi. 05. " Iris brown, feet bluish grey, bill black."

16. Guiraca rothschildii Barfcl.

Ofr. Nov. Zool. xii. (1905) p. 277.

No. 899. rj ad., 25. vi. 06. " Iris dark brown."

No. 807. ? ad., 12. vi. 06. " Iris brown."

These specimens agree perfectly with our series from British Guiana, Para, aud

the Orinoco region.

IT. Sporophila castaneiventris Cab.

Cfr. supra, p. 7.

No. 786. cJ ad , 9. vi. 06. " Iris brown, feet and bill black."

Exactly like our specimens from Santarem.

18. Myospiza aurifrons (Spix).

Tanagra, auri/ruus Spix, Ar. Bras. ii. p. 38 tab. L. fig. 2 (1825. — "in provincia Bahia." — crrore !

We substitute Rio Solimot'ns as typical locality).

Coturniculus peruanm auct. (nee Bonaparte!) [Cfr. Hellmayr, Abhandl. Bayer, afiad. Wissensi

ii. Kl. Bd. xxii., iii. Abt. (1906), p. 673.]

No. 675. ? ad., 20. v. 06. "Iris greyish brown, bill greyish black."

Similar to specimens from the Peruvian Amazons, while others from Oosnipata,

South Peru, are rather larger.

( 46 )

19. Ostinops decumanus (Pall.)

Cfr. AV. Zool xiii. (1906) p. 19.

No. 704. ?, 24. v. 06. " Iris light blue, feet black, bill whitish grey."

20. Amblycercus solitarius solitarius (Vieill.)

Oa mens solihmtu Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. v. p. 364 (181(5.— ex Azara : Paraguay).

( 'at »i ». nigerrimus Spix, Av. Urns. i. p. liii tab. lxiii. fig. 1 (1824.—" ad ripam 11. Amazonnm").

Nos. 817, 821, 822. Two ? ? in moult, and oue young bird, not sexed. 10,

14. vj. 06.— Bill 20—31 mm.

I cannot perceive any differences between the Teffe specimens and some others

from Paraguay and Peruambuco.

In my revision of Spix's types (p. 612) I rejected the name C. solitarius as

uncertain, because in Vieillot's description no mention is made of the whitish colour

of the bill. I fiud now, however, that in young birds the bill is almost entirely

blackish, the extreme tip alone being dull whitish. There is, therefore, no reason

for not accepting Vieillot's term.

21. Lampropsar tanagrinus tanagrinus (Spix).

Icterus tanagrinus Spix, Av. Bra*, i. p. 67. tab. lxiv. fig. 1 (1824. — " in locis sylvaticis Parae").

No. 859. ? ad., 18. vi. 06. "Iris brown, feet and bill black."— Wing 102 ;

tail 04 ; bill IS mm.

Compared with four specimens from Mumlnapo, Upper Orinoco, and 1 c? ad.

from Guauoc.o, Orinoco delta (L. t. guianensis Cab.), this bird is much duller and

less glossy everywhere. I alluded to this difference in my revision of Spix's types,

p. 016; there is, however, a regrettable pen-slip, for it should read: " Sechs 6 <$

von Munduapo . . . und zwei 8 6, Guanoko . . . unterscheiden sich durch viel

lebhafteren und mehr sta/Wblauen (not ' griiublauen ') Glanz," etc.

22. Todirostrum guttatum Pelz.

Todirostrum guttatum Pelzelu, Zur Urn. Bratil. ii. p. 172 (1808. — Barcdlo.s aud Poiares on the

Rio Negro).

No. 784. ? ad., 9. vi. 06. " Iris brown, feet and bill black."— Wing 44 ;

tail 29 ; bill 13 mm.

Differs from the types only by its slightly longer wings.

A very near ally is T. pictum tSalv., of which the Triug Museum has lately

received a series from near Paramaribo. It is easily distinguishable from

'/'. guttatum by its duller green back, by having the throat, cheeks, and lower

ear-coverts white (not bright yellow), aud by lacking the yellow superciliary stripe.

23. Todirostrum maculatum siguatum Bel. & Salv.

Vide ■'•qua, p. 1 1.

No. S89. 6 ad., 23. vi. 06. " Iris pale yellow, feet dark grey, bill black."

Agrees with specimens from Nauta, the top of the head being plumbeous with

minute black centres to the feathers. As in one of the Peruvian skins before me,

there are a few white dots in the middle of the forehead.

( 47 )

24. Todirostrum latirostre (Pelz.)

Euscarthmm latirostre Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. ii. p. 173 (1868. — Borba, Rio Madeira).

Nos. 740, 852. ¥ ? ad., Teffe, 2, 1 7. vi. 06. " Iris light greyish brown, feet

greyish brown, bill black."

These specimens tally well with a detailed MS. description drawn from the

type in the Vienna Museum.

T. latirostre is certainly most nearly allied to T. f. fumifrons (Hartl.), of

Bahia, and T.f. penanli Hellm., of Surinam and Cayenne ; from both of which it

differs in having the upper wing-coverts edged with deep ochraceous (instead of pale

sulphur yellow), and the abdomen white (not yellow). In the shape of the bill

these three forms are very unlike the members of the genus Euscarthmus, to which

they were referred by most authors, but agree very nearly with Todirostrum

poliocephalum (Wied).

25. Mionectes oleagineus oleagineus (Lcht.)

Muscicapa aleagiiiea Lichteustein, Vera. Dubl. p. 55 (1823. — Bahia).

No. 690. ? ad., 22. v. 06. " Iris greyish brown, feet grey, bill black, below

more brownish."'

26. Tyrannulus elatus (Lath.)

Sylvia data Latham, hid. Orn. ii. p. 549 (1700. — ex Daubenton, PL eid. 708, fig. 2.— Cayenne).

No. 826. ? ad., 15. vii. 06. " Iris white."

Agreeing perfectly with ? ? from Cayenne and Surinam. Cfr. my revision of

Spix's types, p. 640, where I have pointed out that T. reguloides Ridgw. is based

upon a ? of T. elatus.

27. Orchilus ecaudatus (Lafr. & D'Orb.)

Todirostrum ecaudatum Lafresuaye et D'Orbigny, Syn. Av. i. iti Mag. Zuol. 1837. cl. ii. p. 47,

(Yuracares, East Bolivia).

No. 668. ? ad., 20. v. 06. " Iris white, feet pale brown, bill black."— Wing

33 ; tail 14 ; bill 10 mm.

28. Elaenia albiceps parvirostris Pelz.

\Muscipeta albiceps Lafresnaye et D'Orbigny, >S;/«. Av. i. in Mag. Zool. 1837. cl. ii. p. 47 ("Rio de

Janeiro, imp. Brasil., Yungas, rep. Boliviana et Taona, rep. Peruviana." — Yungas of Bolivia*

to be considered as typ. locality).]

Elainea parvirostris Pelzeln, Zur OrnitJi. Brasil. ii. (18H8) pp. 107, 178 (type ex Curytiba, Parana,

S.E. Brazil).

Nos. 767, 824. S ad., adnlt (not sexed) : 7, 14. vi. 06. " Iris brown, feet ami

bill black, under mandible paler."— Wing 66, 07; tail 59 ; bill loj, 11 mm.

They agree perfectly with specimens from Merida, Bogota coll. and Quiribana

de Caicara, Orinoco. Both are adult birds with a concealed white crown patch.

Natterer obtained examples of this form near Borba, Kio Madeira, and at

* The original description refers undoubtedly to the white-bellied form (cfr. "pennis verticis param

elongatis basi albis " and " subtus sordide albescens, gutture pectoreque ciuerascentibus "). There are only

several specimens from Yungas and one from Tacna in the Paris Museum, and as the latter is a young

bird the former ought to be considered as the types.

( 48 )

Barcellos ou the Bio Negro. In the British Jluseum there are skins from Pebas

(Hauxwell) aud Chyavetas Bartlett).

/•;. albivertex Pelz. is, of course, totally different from E. a. parvirostris Pelz.

29. Ramphotrigon raficauda (Spix).

Platyrhynchui ruficauda Spix. Av. Bras. ii. p. 9 tab. xi. fig. 1 (1825.— "insylvis fl. Amazonum").

No. 888. ? ad., Telle, 23. vi. 00. "Iris greyish brown, feet blackish brown,

bill black."

This bird is topotypical. A series from the Canra valley does not differ in

any way.

30. * Rhynchocyclus poliocephalus poliocephalus Tacz. A

Rhynchocychis poliocephalus Taczanowski, Orn, Pirou ii. p. 285 (1884.— Nauta, N.E. Peru- type in

Museum Berlepsch examined). [Cfr. Hellmayr, Verhandl. Zool. Bot. Get. Wien, 1903, p. 207.]

No. 800. ? ad., 11. vi. 06. "Iris whitish yellow, feet blue grey, bill black,

below pale grey." — Wing 55; tail 45; bill 12 mm.

Agrees perfectly with two specimens from Eastern Peru, the underparts being

of a rather bright yellow, and the throat mainly yellowish. The back is a little

brighter green, aud the grey cap more mixed with green thau in ii!. p. sclateri.

This form is new to the Brazilian fauna.

31. Myiodynastes solitarius (Vieill.)

Tyrannua solitarius Vieillot, Nouv. Did. xxxv. p. 88 (1819.— ex Azara no. 196.— Paraguay).

No. 833. S in moult, 15. vii. 06. " Iris brown, feet greyish black, bill black."

Identical with examples from Sonth Brazil aud Paraguay.

32. Myiobius erythrurus fulvigularis Salv. & Godm.

[Myiobius erythrurus Cabanis, Arch. Natitrg. 13. i. p. 249, pi. 5, fig. 1 (1847.— "Guiana, Cayenne ").]

Myiobius fiilvigularis Salvin & Godman, Biol. Cento. A met: ii. p. 58 (1889.— Santa Fe", Veragua).

No. 750. S fere ad., 3. vi. 06. " Iris brown, feet brown, bill blackish brown."

This bird agrees best with a S from Samiria, N.E. Peru. Both differ slightly

from a series of Costa Rica and Chiriqui by having the pileum and back of a rather

lighter olivaceous grey, and the lower parts a shade paler ochraceous. The forehead

is washed with buff, though less strongly than in true M. e. fulvigularis of Central

America. A Bogota skin and an adult bird from S. Mateo, North Bolivia, are

perfectly identical with those from the Amazons.

Specimens from British Guiana, when compared with others from Costa Pica,

etc., look at first rather different, the forehead being pure olive grey like the crown,

the throat more whitish, and the rest of the nnder-snrface considerably paler

ochraceous. A series of skins from the Caura Valley, however, presents a large

amount of individual variation in the intensity of the lower parts, some being quite

as pale as those from British Guiana, while others are even darker than M. e.

fulvigularis of Central America. The same applies to the colour of the throat.

Norn- of the Canra specimens, however, shows auy buff tinge on the forehead.

The specimen from Para, (cfr. Nov. Zool. xiii. p. 362) has the forehead slightly-

tinged with buff like those from the Amazons, but differs from all examples of

.1/ ('. erythrurus and M. e. fulvigularis by having the whole back strongly suffused

with cinnamon. Perhaps it represents a distinct form.

(49 )

33. Empidonax lawrencei Allen.

Empidoiiax lawrencei Allen. Bull. Amen: Mus. ii. p. 150 (1889. — hab. igu., but c£r. Nnv. Zool. xiii.

p. -25).

No. 861. S ad., 19. vi. 06. " Iris browu, bill black, below yellowish white."—

"Wing 66 ; tail 58 ; bill 13A nirn.

No. 793. ? ad., 10. vi. 06. " Iris browu, bill black, below greyish yellow." —

Wing 57* ; tail 52£ ; bill 13£ mm.

In coloration, these specimens agree perfectly with our series from Trinidad

and Venezuela, except that the throat is more whitish in No. 861. Both skins

have the foreneck and chest strongly washed with dull olive green, the middle of

the abdomen being bright sulphur yellow. The female is much smaller than

the male.

34. Pipra rubrocapilla Temm.

Pipra rubrocapilla Terumiuck, Bee. PI. col. tab. 04, fig. 3 (1821. — "Bre'sil,"as typical locality,

fixed : Bahia).

Nos. 716, 720. 6 6 ad., 30. vi. 06. "Iris white, bill reddish or greyish

white."

Nos. 698, 809, 872. ? ?, 23. v., 12, 20. vi. 06. "Iris yellowish white or

brownish grey."

After examining much additional material, I do not thiuk it possible to

separate the Para form, discussed iii Ibis, 1906, p. 13, aud Nov. Zool. xiii. (1906)

p. 362.

As a rule, the Para birds have the forehead aud crown of a lighter, more

orange-red tint, but I have lately seen some specimens from Bahia with the

head quite as pale. The SS from Teffe" agree better with those from Para.

P. rubrocapilla seems to replace P. erythrocepkala on the south bank of the

Amazons. Near Tonautins, on the north side of the River 8olimoes, G. Garlepp

obtained the latter species.

35. Pipra leucocilla leucocilla (Linn.)

Pipra. leucocilla Linnaeus, Mus. Ad. Frul. ii. Prodr., p. 33 (17U4. — hab. ign.— as typical locality

accepted : Surinam).

Nos. 819, 756. $ ad., $ juv. (in plumage of ?), 5, 13. vi. 06. "Iris

yellowish red."

Agreeing in size with specimens Irom the Caura Bivcr. Cfr. Ibis, 1906,

p. 22 ff.

36. Pipra hoflfrnannsi n. sp.

Nos. 740, 741, 769, 896. 6S ad., 1, 2, 7, 24. vi. 06. "Iris brownish red

or red, feet brown, bill black, below grey."— Wing 58J,— 00£ ; tail 28J — 30; bill

8 — 9 mm.

Nos. 667, 830. ¥ ? ad., 20. v., 15. vi. 06. " Iris red or brown, feet black, bill

black, below grey."— Wing 55, 59 ; tail 29 ; bill 9 mm.

Nos. 729, 739, 831. 6 3 juv. (in plumage of ?), 1, 31. v., 15. vi. 06. "Iii

4

( 50)

brown or reddish brown, feel brown, bill black, below greyish." — Wing 56 — 50 ;

tail 28—30 ; bill 8J— 9 mm.

(? ad. Feathers of the forehead and crown blackish at the base, slightly

lamelliform and bright blue on the apical portion, forming a well-defined cap.

The colour is between " smalt bine " and " ultramarine bine " of Ridgway's Nomencl.

pi. ix. figs. 8 and 9, the posterior border of the cap being rather duller blue

than the rest. Lores, sides of the head, occiput and back deep velvety black.

Lesser and median upper wing-coverts velvety black, the latter with very narrow,

greenish apical margins; greater series dull black' with well-defined, though

narrow, dark green edges along the outer web. Quills dull blackish, outwardly

margined with dark green, these edges passing into dark smoky grey on the outer

primaries. Rump washed with dark, dull verditer blue (Ridg., Nomencl. pi. ix.

fig. 22). Upper tail-coverts dusky, margined with dull verditer bine on the tips.

lilt-trices dull black, exteriorly edged with green, especially on their basal half.

Throat deep velvety black like the back; sides of the chest dull black, slightly

mixed with dark greenish ; on the sides of the breast and abdomen this colour

gradually passes into a dull blackish green. Middle of the breast and belly, as

well as the lower tail-coverts, dirty yellowish. Axillaries and under wing-coverts

luliginous, somewhat shaded with greenish or yellowish ; feet dark brown ; bill

black, lower mandible pale greyish.

? ad. Resembles the ? of P. coronata Spix, but has a larger bill, and

differs also by having the middle of breast and abdomen as well as the under

tail-coverts pure pale yellow, this colour being in strong contrast with the dark

green flanks. The throat seems to be rather more yellowish, less greyish.

Type in Tring Museum : 6 ad., Tefte, 7. vi. 06. W. Hoffmanns' coll.,

No. 769.

The four c?c? present very little variation, the general colour being a deep

velvety black, and the cap being of the same shade of blue in all specimens.

In two examples the verditer blue of the rump is somewhat suffused with

greenish. They differ from the <? 3 of P. coronata, of which a very large series

from Upper Amazonia (including Spix' types), Eastern Ecuador and the upper

Rio Negro (Marabitanas, etc.) has been examined, in the following points : The

blue cap is much shorter, not being continued over the occiput and nape, and of

a much darker shade; the back, sides of the head, and throat are deep velvety

black (almost as in /'. coronata velutina Berl.) instead of dull brownish black ;

the rump is washed with dull verditer blue (not with violet) ; the greater upper

wing-coverts, the quills and rectrices are distinctly edged with green; the middle

of the breast and abdomen dull olive yellow, the sides dark green (instead of

all the under-surface being dull brownish black with a faint lilac gloss on the

belly). The bill, too, is decidedly larger and stronger. P. koffmannsi could at

first be mistaken for an immature stage of P. coronata, but the large bill, the

deep velvety black colour of the plumage, and the perfect similarity of the four

males from Tefle, render any such supposition impossible. In addition to these

differences, the ¥ ? are also more yellow below, and have a stronger beak than

those of /'. coronata, of which I have seen many from the Rio Negro and the

Peruvian Amazons.

I have named this interesting new form after Mr. \V. Hoffmanns, to whom

the Tring Museum is indebted for so many valuable specimens from various

parts of tropical America.

( 51 )

37. Hadrostomus minor (Less.)

Querula minor Lesson, TraM d'Orn. p. 303 (1831. — Cayenne — $ juv.).

Nos. 828, 839. $ ? ad., 15. vii., 10. vi. 00. "Iris brown, bill and feet

black."

Differ from Ecuadorian and Bogota skins only by their rather longer wings.

The $ is a little purer grey on the abdomen, the ? decidedly paler ochraceous

on the lower parts, but these are not likely to be constant characters.

38. Lipangus simplex (Lcht.)

Muecicapa simplex Lichtensteia, Vera. Dubl., p. 53 (1823. — Bahia).

No. 840. ? ad., 17. vi. 00. "Iris yellowish brown, feet and bill black."

Agreeing with skins from British Guiana, the Orinoco region and Bogota

collections.

Typical birds from Bahia are somewhat different. Cfr. Nov. Zool. xii. (1905)

p. 295.

39. Cotinga maynana (Linn.)

Ampelis maynana Linnaeus, Syst. Xal. xii. 1, p. 298 (1766.— ex Brisson : "in Maynauensi

regione ").

No. 734. c? ad., 2. vi. 00. " Iris yellow, feet black, bill blackish grey."

This specimen agrees perfectly with two others from Samiria, N.E. Pern,

collected by J. Hauxwell.

40. Attila spadiceus spadiceus (6m.)

JSuscicapa spadicea Gmelin, Syst. Nat. 1. ii. p. 937 (1788.— ex " Yellow-rumped Flycatcher,"

Latham, Gen. Syn. Birds 2. i. p. 354. — Cayenne).

No. 757. ? ? km., 5. vi. 00. " Iris brown, feet bluish grey, bill black." —

Wing 80 ; tail 00 ; bill 20 mm.

This specimen agrees perfectly with the type of the species, kindly lent by

the authorities of the Vienna Museum, and with two other skins from Cayenne

(one in Vienna, the other in the British Museum). The throat and foreneck are

nearly uniform dull russet, with a slight tinge of ferruginous, the sides and top

of the head decidedly darker, deep ferruginous brown ; the middle of the abdomen

is dirty buff, the tail deep tawny (a little deeper than Ridgw., Komencl. v. fig 1).

Axillaries and under wing-coverts are dull ochraceous, the upper wing-coverts

have broad, tawny ochraceous (Ridgw. v. 4) apical margins ; the back is deep

russet brown, rather browner than the head, the rump ochre yellow, tinged with

ochraceous anteriorly aud on the tips of the upper tail-coverts.

The ? from Barra do Rio Negro, collected by Natterer, is rather darker

on the head aud neck, and has the tail of a dull mars brown (Ridgw. iii. 13)

with scarcely any rnfescent tinge. I have, however, very little doubt that it

belongs to the same species as the examples from Cayenne aud Teffe.

On the other hand, the birds from Bahia (three in the British Museum)

seem to constitute a different form. They are larger, and the throat and chest

show broad dark ferruginous flammulations on a yellowish buff ground. More

material of this difficult species will probably enable us to distinguish several

geographical races.

( M )

Another very nearly allied and perhaps barely separable form is Attila

rufigularis Pelz.,* the type of which is before rue. In size and general

coloration it agrees with the specimens from Cayenne and Teffe, discussed above,

but the throat and sides of the head are of a much clearer and brighter

ferruginous (without any brownish admixture), the axillaries and under wing-

coverts lighter ochraceous, and the middle of the abdomen is more extensively

white. The type being a young bird, I cannot say how much of these differences

is due to immaturity.

The ? from Tetfe has the entire bill black, while in all the other specimens

(including the type of A. rufigularis) the base of the lower mandible is whitish

or pale brownish.

41. Synallaxis albescens albigularis Scl.

[Synallaxis albescens Temmiuck, See. PI. ml. livr. ;S8. tab. 227, fig. 2 (1823. -S. Brazil).]

Synallaxis albigularis Sclater, P. Z. S. Land. 1858, p. G3 (Rio Xapo, East Ecuador).

No. 855. ? ad., 18. vi. 06. " Iris brown, feet greenish grey, bill black."

This bird agrees well with a large series from various localities in northern

South America, but has a rather long bill. For characters of S. a. albigularis,

see Nov. Zool. xiii. (1906) p. 28.

42. Synallaxis gujanensis gujanensis (Gm.).

Motacilla gujanensis Omelin, Syst. -V"'. 1. ii. p. 988 (1788. — ex Daubenton, PL enl. tab. G86, fig. 2 :

" Le Rouge-queue, de Cayenne ").

Nos. 874, 680. c? ad., ? jnv., 21. vi., 21. v. 06. " Iris yellowish brown (c? ad.),

greyish browu (? jnv.), bill greyish black."

Lower parts pale bully brownish as in specimens from Cayenne, Para and

Sautareni, aud much less brightly coloured than in S. g. inornata Pelz. from the

Rio Madeira.

43. Synallaxis mustelina Scl.

SynaUaxis mustelina (Natterer MS.) Sclater, P. Z. S. London 1874, p. 14 (Rio Madeira — type in

Vienna Museum, No. 201G7).

Synallaxis Jrenata Snethlage, Joiuu.f. Ornith. 1906. p. 523 (Santarem).

No. 061. ? ad., 19. v. 06. "Iris brown, feet bluish grey, bill black."—

Wing 58 ; tail incomplete ; bill 17 J mm.

This specimen agrees perfectly with the type (from the Rio Madeira) and

with several examples, collected by Bartlett on the Ucayali, Eastern Peru. All

these birds have a very distinct blackish loral stripe. This feature not being

mentioned in the published descriptions, Miss Snethlage was misled to rename

the species as S. jfrenata.

44. Synallaxis rutilans amazonica Hellm.

Cfr. supri, p. 14.

Nos. 879, 905. 3 S ad., 21, 25. vi. 06. " Iris brown."

Agreeing well with our series from Sautarem and Eastern Pern. The top

of the head and the mantle are bright chestnut rufous, the occiput being but

* Or*. BratU, ii. pp. 06, 170 (1808.— Salto do Giiao, K. Madeira).

( 53 )

slightly mixed with brownish ; the rump olive-brown, the upper tail-coverts

fuliginous. Both are adult birds with a large blackish throat patch.

S. r. amazonica is apparently widely distributed all along the south bank of

the Amazons.

45. Automolus infuscatus infuscatus (Scl.)

Anabates infuscatus Sclater, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (2) xvii. p. 468 (185G. — " in Peruvia orientali ").

Anabates sclateri Pelzeln, Silzungsber. Alcad. Wien xxxiv. p. Ill (1859. — nom. emend, pro

A. infuscatus: cfr. Berl. & Hellm. Journ.f. Ornith. 1905, p. 30).

Nos. 695, 902. c?c? ad., 22. v., 25. vi. 00. "Iris brownish grey, feet greenish,

bill greyish black, below greenish grey." — Wing 94, 95 ; tail 80, 85 ; bill 22,

23 mm.

These birds agree with typical Peruvian skins in having the pileum olive-brown

like the back, only the forehead being slightly tinged with rnfescent. According

to our present knowledge, there are three geographical races of this species to

be recognised, the characters and ranges of which are as follows :

a. Automolus infuscatus infuscatus (Scl.)

Ad. Top of the head pure clear olive-brown like the back, only the forehead

slightly tinged with rnfescent.

Hab. North Pern : Xeberos, Chyavetas (Bartlett), Ynrimaguas (Stolzraann),

Shanusi, near Yurimaguas (G. Garlepp). S.E.Peru: Cosnipata (Whitely). N.W.

Brazil : Teffe" (Hoffmanns).

b. Automolus inuscatus cervicalis (Scl.)

For synonymy see Nov. Zool. xiii. (1906) p. 335.

Ad. Top of the head distinctly washed with rnfescent, hence somewhat

contrasting with the olive-brown colour of the back.

Hab. Cayenne (four skins in the Tring Museum) ; British Guiana : Bartica

Grove, Camacnsa (Whitely) ; Surinam (C. Bartlett) ; Venezuela : Nericagna on the

Orinoco ; La Pricion, La Union and Nicare on the Oanra River (Cherrie aud Andre

coll.). North Brazil : Marabitanas, upper Rio Negro (Natterer).*

N.B. I have lately examined four skins from the latter locality, and found

them identical with our series from Venezuela and Guiana. On the other hand,

I have not yet seen any from Ecuador, and therefore cannot say whether they

belong to A. i. infuscatus or to the present form.

Young birds are nearly uniform rnfescent brown on the npper parts, the middle

of the belly is paler than in the adults, and the feathers on the foreneck show

slight dusky edges.

c. Automolus infuscatus paraensis Hart.

Ad. Differs from both the foregoing forms by having the top of the head dark

greyish brown (with only a faint olive hue), and the back of a duller brown.

Hab. Lower Amazonia : Benevides (Steere), S. Antonio do Prata [= Igarape"-

Assu] (Robert, Hoffmanns, etc.), Para (Natterer, Snethlagef), Rio Capim

(Snethlage +), all localities in the Para district ; Borba, lower Rio Madeira (Natterer).

For synonymy see Nov. Zool. xiii. (1905) p. 279.

* Automolvs sclateri Pelzeln, Xur Ornith. Brazil, i. 18G7, p. 41, part.

f Automolus sclateri Snethlage, Journ.f, Ornith. 1906, p, 524.

( 54 )

16. Ancistrops strigilatus (Spix).

Than Spix, Av. Urns, ii. p. 26. tab. xxxvi. fig. 1 (1s2j.— no locality).

Nos. 892, 094. ? ad., <J ad., 2:!. vi.. 22. v. 06. " Iris brownish grey, bill and

feet grey."

Thi'M' l.inls are to bo considered topotypical. Although Spix gives no locality,

his specimen was certainly obtained on the Brazilian Amazons. An example from

the Napo, East Ecuador, differs from the Teffe birds by 1 icing rather more blackish

on the head and mantle, and by the olive greyish stripes on the sides of the

belly being more distinct.

In this species, the S3 are always much larger than the ? ?, as will be

seen from the following measurements :

S ad., Teffe': wing 101; tail SO; bill 22 mm. — ?, Teffe' : wing 91 ; tail 70 ;

bill 22 mm.

S ad., Rio Juruti (Mns. Paulista) : wing 100 ; tail 81 ; bill 22 mm.

? ad., Rio Jnrna (Mns. Panlista) : wing 87 ; tail 77 ; bill 22 mm.

47. Xenops genibarbis genibarbis 111.

Xenops genibarbis Illiger, ProJr. Syst. Mamm. et Av. p. '213 (1811. — Cametii, Lower Amazons).

Neops rufieaudut Yieillot, Analyse Ornith. elan. p. 08 (1816. — "la Guiane," sc. Cayenne).

Xenops approximans Pelzeln, Sih. Ber. Akad. Wien. mathem. Naturwiss. CI. xxxiv. pp. 113, 133

(1859. — Rio Madeira, Rio Negro, etc.).

No. 903. (J ad., 25. vi. 06. " Iris brown."— Wing 07 ; tail 48 ; bill 15 mm.

The determination of this specimen involved a complete revision of the

geographical forms of X. genibarbis. In addition to the large series in the Tring

Museum, I had the advantage of studying Natterer's specimens kindly lent by

Dr. Lorenz, of Vienna, and I examined also several examples in the British

Museum. Pelzeln had already recognised that the Amazonian form was quite

distinct from the one inhabiting South-east Brazil; but unfortunately he considered

the latter to represent true X. genibarbis and separated the former as X. approximans.

Specimens from Parti and Santarem, Lower Amazonia, however, prove to be

inseparable from those of Cayenne (N. ruficaudus) and Amazonia (A", approximans).

Both these names are, therefore, pure synonyms of X. genibarbis, while the small,

short-billed race of S.E. Brazil requires to be rebaptized. The geographical forms

of the group have to stand as follows :

a. X. genibarbis genibarbis 111.

Hub. < 'avenue ; Brit. Guiana ; Venezuela on the Orinoco and Caura Rivers ;

Colombia (Bogota collections; Antioquia) ; Eastern Ecuador; and the whole of the

Amazonian basin from Pant to the eastern slopes of the Andes in Pern.

Characters. Bill strong and stout ; ground-colour of the nnderparts earthy

brown, sometimes, especially in young birds, with a slight rufescent tinge; throat

dirty white, the feathers edged or freckled with dusky ; foreneck distinctly mottled

or spotted with whitish. Crown, as a rule, striated with buff or whitish.

Obs. Two topotypical birds from the Lower Amazons (Para and Santarem)

have the crown warm rufescent browu with scarcely any light striatious, which

arc always more or less pronounced in the majority of my specimens from other

localities. Quite similar examples, however, are before me from Bogotd, and

Gaavabamba in North Peru, while others from the same places have the pileum

(55 )

distinctly striated. I have examined four of the specimens npon which von Pelzeln

based his X. approximans ; two of them (<? ad., Rio Icanna; 3 ad., Rio Negro)

differ in no way from ordinary genibarbis, whereas the two others ( ? , Rio Negro ;

3, Borba) are rather duller and more rufescent on the lower parts. Both are

3'onng and agree in the tone of the under-snrface with an immature bird from the

Caura River. I am unable to see any constant differences between specimens from

Cayenne, Orinoco, and Amazonia. The length of the wing varies from 03 to 67 mm.

in the males, from 00 to 04 mm. in the females ; the bill measures 14 to 15i mm.*

b. X. genibarbis littoralis Scl.

Xmops litlorulis Sclater, P.Z.S. 1861. p. 379 (Esmeraldas, Western Ecuador).

Ilab. Western Ecuador.

This form differs from X. g. genibarbis chiefly by having the lower parts

tinged with greenish olive; the throat is more yellowish, the pileum always

uniform brown, the back of a purer, less rufescent brown, and the whitish spots

on the foreneck much less numerous. Wing 60 — 04; tail 40 — 49 ; bill 14 — 15 mm.

Material : 12 specimens (of both sexes) from Western Ecuador.

c. X. genibarbis mexicanus Scl.

Xenops mexicanus Sclater, P.Z.S. 1856. p. 289 (Cordova, Eastern Mexico).

Hub. Central America from Eastern Mexico (Vera Cruz) down to Panama.

Differs from X. g. littoralis, with which it shares the coloration of the

foreneck and crown by its much brighter, warm rufescent-brown underparts

and back. Bill large and stout, as in X. g. genibarbis and X. g. littoralis. Wing

01—07 ; tail 48—52 ; bill 14—15 mm.

Material : 20 specimens from Eastern Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Chiriqui,

Vcragua, and Panama.

d. X. genibarbis pelzelni n, snbsp.

X. genibarbis (nee Illiger) Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Brasil. i. (18G7) p. 41 (Rio de Janeiro, S. Paulo).

Ilab. South-eastern Brazil : from Bahia to S. Paulo.

Type in Vienna Museum : No. 19,321. 3 ad., Ypanema, S. Paulo, August

1821. Collected by J. von Natterer.

Differs from the three foregoing races by its smaller bill, which is not

ouly considerably shorter, but also very much narrower and weaker. The wings

are much shorter. The throat is uniform buffy white without any dusky edges

to the feathers, the light spotting on the foreneck is altogether absent or

scarcely indicated by a few pale brownish shaft-lines ; the ground-colour of the

underparts decidedly brighter, about " wood-brown " (Ridgw. Xomencl. iii. fig. 19) ;

the light cross-band on the uuder-surface of the wing buff (instead of ochraceous

buff) ; the top of the head always uniform rufescent-brown without pale shaft-

stripes. Wing 55—58 ; tail 47—49 ; bill 12— 12* mm.

Examined: 1 3, 1 ? ad., Registre do Sai (prov. Rio) ; 1 3 jr., Rio de Janeiro:

1 3 ad., Ypanema— Mus. Vindob. ; 3 ad., Rio de Janeiro (Mus. Brit, and Triug) ;

2 ad., Bahia (Brit. Mus.).

• Examined : 1 3 ad., Trata, Pari ; 1 ? jr., Itaituba, Santarem ; 1 3 ad , Teffe ; 1 3 ad., 1 ° jr.,

Kio Negro ; 1 3 ad, It. Icanna ; 1 3 jr. Borba : types of X. ajppTOSevmaru Telz. ; 2 J (J, 1 ? , Cayenne ;

2 3 3, 1 ? . Cawacusa, Brit. Guiana ; 4 3 3, 4 ? ? , Caura, Venezuela 2 3 3, 2 ? ? , Upper Orinoco ;

I Bogota skins ; 1 ad., East Ecuador ; 2 °. ? , Guayabamba, North Peru.

( 56 )

48. Sclerurus caudacutus brunneus Bel.

[Thamnophilua caudacutus Vieillot. Nouv. Dirt. Hi. p. 310 (1816.— "Be trouve k la Gimme,"

sc. Cayenne).]

Sclerurus brunneus Sclater, P.Z.S. London 1857. p. 17 (BogoU coll.).

No. 710. Immature bird (not sexed), 80. v. 00. " Iris dark brown, feet brown,

bill black."

This bird is absolutely identical with a pair from Marabitanas, Rio Negro,*

collected by Natterer. Specimens from Bogota (including the type of S. brunneus)

and Northern Pern (Yurimaguas and Chyavetas, E. Bartlett coll.) differ from the

three Brazilian skins only by being very slightly darker brown on the back and

abdomen. The type of S. brunneus, which is quite a young bird in fluffy plumage,

beloDgs without doubt to the same form as those from Upper Amazonia, since an

adult from the Rio Meta, east of Bogota (Wheeler coll., Mns. Brit.), agrees in

every particular with the latter.

I was always very much interested in the species of this puzzling genus, and

having had the opportunity of studying a good number of specimens and of

examining several types, I think it useful to give a short resume of the results

arrived at with regard to the forms of the 5. caudacutus-gtaap. In the Pro,:

U.S. Nat. Mus. xii. 1889 (pnbl. 1890) pp. 21—31, Mr. R, Ridgway published a

review of the genus Sclerurus, which was of great assistance to me. I have,

however, to differ from his conclusions in several points, especially in nomenclature.

According to the material examined, the following geographical forms of

S. caudacutus should be recognised :

a. Sclerurus caudacutus caudacutus (Vieill.)

Hab. Cayenne ; British Guiana.

Typical locality : Cayenne.

I have but a few words to add to Ridgway's description {I.e. p. 27). In the

single Cayenne specimen before me the chin and upper throat are white without

dusky edges ; the feathers of the lower throat pale tawny, margiued with dark

brown at the tips. In seven skins from British Guiana (Rio Carimang, Takutn B.,

Mernme Mts., R. Atapnrow, Quonja and Camacusa) the whole throat is pale tawny

with scarcely any trace of brown edges. A series from Cayenne is required to

confirm the constancy of this difference or otherwise.

In other respects the specimens are very uniform inter se. The upper

parts are Vandyke or rnfescent brown, passing into dull rufous brown on the

upper tail-coverts only ; sides of head and neck, as well as chest, dull russet

brown. Wing 90—97 ; tail 04—71 ; bill 22—24 mm.

b. Sclerurus caudacutus umbretta (Lcht.)

ifyiothera umbretta Lichtenstein, Verz. DubL Berliner Mns. p. 43 (1823— Bahia).

Sclerurus laurem i ttulgway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xii. 1889. p. 29 (1890.— Bahia).

' ' ''"''/""■'"•' Wied,5«>. Naturg. Bmsil. 3. ii. p. 1106 (1831,-part. : descr. J only hab

part. : ? Belraonte, Bahia). *

Uab. Eastern Brazil from Bahia to Parti,t west to Borba, J on the lower Rio

Madeira.

Typical locality : Bahia.

• Oilerunu caudacutus vav., Pelzeln, Zwr Orn.UK Brat. ii. (1868) p. 86 (Marabitanas)

t Merurus cavdaeutus (nee Vieillot) Hellraayr, Kor. Zool. xii. 1905. p. 279 (learapc-Assfi Part)

Sclater ft Salvin, P.SS.B. 1867. p. 573 (Capta, River.-specirnen examined). P ' ''

{ Selentrvs caudacutus Pebeln, Zur Ornith, BrasU. ii. (1868) p. 86 (part.: Borba).

( 57 )

Adnlt. Very similar to S. c. caudacutus, but differs by the throat being pnre

white, each feather with a narrow, brown apical margin ; by having the chest

decidedly less rnfescent, dull tawny brown (much like the colour of the sides of

the head and neck) ; the breast and abdomen bistre brown (not rnfescent as in

S. c. caudacutus), and the back likewise much less tinged with reddish.

Of this form I have before me the type of M. vmbretta, kindly lent by

Dr. Reichenow ; the typical specimen of S. lawrencei (an undoubted Bahia skin),

which Dr. Allen most obligingly sent for examination ; a Bahia skin in the British

Museum ; one ? ad. from Igarape-Assii, Parti ; and an immature <? from Borba,

belonging to the Vienna Museum.

Although the original specimen of Lichtenstein is a young bird in fluffy

plumage, I have not the slightest doubt that it is specifically identical with

the type of S. lawrencei Ridgw. It differs from the latter by its somewhat darker

back, smaller size, and by having only the chin white, while on the throat this

colonr is almost entirely hidden by the brown apical portions of the feathers.*

This specimen corresponds exactly with Ridgway's description of the S of Tinactor

fuscus Wied, and I feel almost sure that the latter is also a young bird of

>>. c. umbretta. Ridgway's assumption that it was obtained "in the forests of the

river Itabapnana, between the parallels of 21° and 22° south latitude, apparently

a tributary of the Paraguay " (l.c. p. 29), is a very unhappy one, for Wied never

travelled in this part of Brazil.

It is, moreover, quite evident from the account in Wied's Beise nach Brasilien i.

(ed. in 4°) p. 160, that the river Itabapnana referred to is the river of that name

forming the boundary between the provinces of Rio de Janeiro and Espiritu

Santo, in Eastern Brazil ; and it seems much more probable that the so-called ?

of Tinactor fuscus (— Sclerurus scansor Me'ne'tr.) was obtained in this locality,

inasmuch as Menetries met with the red-breasted form (scansor) in the province of

Rio de Janeiro ; while the S might have been secured on the River Belmoute, in

Southern Bahia, the second locality mentioned by Wied.

The ? from Pani and the Bahia specimen in the British Museum agree in all

essential points with Ridgway's type, except that the foreneck is rather more

distinctly washed with tawny, and the belly of a more reddish hue. The young

3 from Borba is even more rnfescent on the lower parts, and thereby forms the

transition to S. c. caudacutus.

In <S'. c. umbretta the upper parts are warm bistre-brown, passing into

burnt-umber (Ridgw., Nomencl. iii. fig. 8) on lower rump and upper tail-coverts.

Forehead, sides of the head, and neck are cinnamon (Ridgw. iii. fig. 20), the chest

of the same colour or a shade brighter.

Measurements.

Wing. Tail. Rill.

1. Mns. Berlin. Av. juv., Bahia. Type of .1/. umbretta

Lcht

2. Amer. Mus. New York. No. 43,120. Adult,

Bahia. Type of S. lawrencei Ridgw.

3. Mns. Brit. Adult, Bahia

4. Mus. Tring. ? ad., Igarape-Assu, Para. Robert coll. .

5. Mus. Vindob. No. 20,232. S juv., Borba, 8. i. 830.

Natterer coll 89 TO 22

* The same difference between adult and young bird9 is to be found in S. e. (rW|MW.|

( 58 )

c. Sclerurus caudacutua brunneus Scl.

Hub. East Colombia : Bogota coll. ; Rio Meta, between Villavicencio and

Mediua (Wheeler). East Ecuador: Sarayacu Buckley); Santiago (Festa). North

Peru: Yurimaguas, Chyavetas (Bartlett), Iquitos (Whitely). N.W. Brazil:

Marabitanafi (Natterer), Teffe (Hoffmanns), Bio Jurua (Garbe).

Typical locality: Bogota collcclioiis.

Adult. Hitlers from both the foregoing races by having the forehead and

sides of the head raw umber (Bidgw. iii. fig. 14) like the upper surface, without

any rufescent tinge, and by lacking the cinnamon on the foreneck, which is scarcely

shaded with tawny.

The type of S. brunneus, a young bird, of the well-known Bogota make, has

only the chin white, while the throat feathers show broad brown tips, almost

concealing the white bases. In adult birds the whole throat is white, each feather

with a narrow brown apical margin, just as in S. c. umbretta.

Measurements.

1. Mus. Brit. Av. ju v., Bogota. Type of S. brunneus

2. Mus. Brit. Ad., Rio Meta, East Colombia (Wheeler)

3. Mus. Brit. Ad., Yurimaguas, N. Peru (Bartlett)

4. Mus. Brit. Ad., Chyavetas, N. Peru (Bartlett) .

5. Mus. Tring. Av. imm., Teff£, Brazil (Hoffmanns)

6. Mus. Viudob. S, Marabitanas, Rio Negro (Natterer)

7. Mus. Yindob. ?, Marabitanas, 26. iv. 831 (Natterer)

d. Sclerurus caudacutus scansor (Menetr.)

Oxypyga scansor Mom-tries, Mem. Ac. Set. St. Pitersbg. (6) i. p. 520. tab. 11 (1835.— "dans la

province de Rio de Janeiro, surtout dans les vieilles capouaires pres de Sumidorio . . .")

.- TinactoT fuscut Wied, Beitr. Naturg. Brazil. (3) ii. p. 1106 (1831.— part. : $ .— hab. part. : ?"in

den TJrwaldern am Flusse Itabapuana ").

umbretta (nee Licbtenstein) Ridgway, Proc. C.s. Wat. Mus. xii. 1889. (1890) p, 22j

Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mas. xv. p. 114.

Hub. S.E. Brazil, from Rio de Janeiro to Rio grande do Sul and west to

Chapada, Mattogrosso ; also in the Argentine province of Misiones.

The occurrence in Peru requires confirmation. It must also remain doubtful

whether the birds from Minas Geraes, mentioned by Meuetries (I.e.) and Rcinhardt,*

belong to the present form or to S. c. umbretta of Bahia.

Typical locality : Rio de Janeiro.

Adult. This form is very different from the three preceding ones, being easily

recognisable by the bright ferruginous foreneck and bright chestnut rump and

upper tail-coverts. The sides of the head arc dark brown, the feathers of the

throat white with broad dark olive-grey or blackish olive apical margins. The

forehead is mummy-brown like the pilenm and back, without any trace of

rufescent.

The Tring Museum possesses a good series of this form from S. Paulo and

Parana, which I compared with one of Mem-tries' original examples in the Paris

Museum, collected by himself in the vicinity of Rio de Janeiro.

• VUlatfl;. Meddcl. Kj<phcnhivn 1870. p. 3SC : >*>'. eautlacntvs (Lagoa Santa).

( 59 )

40. Sittasoinus amazonus Lafr.

Ofr. supra, p. 31.

No. 680. S ad., 22. v. 06. " Iris brown, feet black, bill bluish black."—

Wing 83; tail 77; bill Is mm.

Agrees with the Obidos specimen except ill having the lower parts ratlin-

paler and more greenish. It is a well-known fact that in this genus the S3 are

always considerably larger than the ? ? .

50. Glyphorhynchus cuneatus castelnaudii Des Murs.

Glyphorhynchus castelnaudii Des Murs in Castehtaii's Voyage, Oiseaux, p. 47. tab. xv. fig. 2

(185G.* — Santa Maria, Pern).

No. SOS. ? jr., 11. vi. 06. " Iris brown, bill and feet black."

51. Dendrornis guttata guttatoides (Lafr.)

Nasica guttatoides Lafresnaye, Bee. et Mag. Zool. 1850. p. 387 (Lorette, N.E. Peru.— cfr. Ment'g. &

Hellm. Mem. Soc. Hist. not. Autun xix. (1906) p. 99).

Dendrornis rostripallens Sclater, Cat. Amur. Birds. 1802. p. 1G4 (Ega).

No. 728. S ad., 3. v. 06. " Iris brown, feet bluish grey, bill grey." —

Wing 116 ; tail 98 ; bill 38 mm.

No. 840. (c?) ad. (erroneously marked "?"), 16. vii. 06. "Iris brown, feet

bluish grey, bill yellowish grey." — Wing 110 ; tail 103 ; bill 40 mm.

Like our series from Bogota, East Ecuador and Peru, these specimens have

the lower parts strongly suffused with ochraceons, and the feathers of the foreneck

only margined with blackish. Both are adult birds with the bill long and slender,

the lower mandible being (in the dry skins) grey, the upper one whitish horn-

colour except at the base.

Messrs. Berlepsch & Hartert (No®. Zool. ix. p. 63) say : " The specimens from

Munduapo and Nericagna come very close to true D. rostripallens in having the

maxilla partly pale-coloured and the under-surface of the body more rnfescent."

I rind, however, that those from Munduapo agree in all essential characters with

typical D. g. sororia of Maipures, etc., except in having the lower parts a shade

more ochreons. On the other hand, an example from Nericagna appears to me

to be nndistinguishable from D. g. guttatoides, having the under-surface of the

same rnfescent tinge, the blackish margins much less pronounced than in sororia,

and confined to the feathers of the foreneck. Furthermore, the upper mandible

is not mainly blackish as in sororia, but pale greyish horn-colour, as in several

specimens of guttatoides. The range of these two forms would, thus, be as

follows :

a. D. guttata sororia Berl. & Hart.

Hab. Cayenne (Chcrrie coll. — Mus. Tring) ; Surinam : Paramaribo (Chnnkoo

coll. — Mus. Tring) ; Brit. Guiana : Quonja, Bartica Grove. North Brazil, Lower

Amazons : Obidos. Venezuela : on the Orinoco River, up to Maipures and

Munduapo ; and on its southern tributary, the Caura Itiver.

Thirty-one examples examined.

b. 1). guttata guttatoides (Lafr.).

< 'entral Peru : Monterico, La Merced. East Peru : Sarayacu, Ucayali.

North Peru : Iquitos, Nauta, Samiria, Pebas, Loreto, Cavallo-Coche', Yurimaguas.

* Cfr. Woodward & Slierborn, Ann. Mar/. Nat. Hist. (7) viii. (1901) p. 104.

( 60)

N.W. Brazil: Tefite ; Rio Junta (Garbe coll. — Mns. Panlist.); Barra do Rio

Negro, and Harabitanas, npjior Rio Negro (Natterer). Venezuela : Nericagna on

the npper Orinoco R. East Ecuador ; Sarayaon, Rio Napo (spec, in Mns. Tring).

Colombia : Bogota coll. (many specimens in Mns. Berlepsch, Brit., and Tring).

Thirty-five specimens examined.

52. Cyrnbilanius lineatus lineatus (Leach).

Lanius lineatus Leach, Zool. Misc. i. p. 20. tab. vi. (1814. — Berbice, Brit. Guiana).

No. 911. J ad., 26. vi. 06. "Iris red, feet bluish grey, bill black, below

grey."

Differs from Gnianan specimens by having the nnderparts less closely barred

with black.

53. Thamnophilus canadensis loretoyacuensis Bartl.

[Lanius canadensis Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. ed. xii. 1. p. 134. descr. orig. ? (1700.— ex Brissou, Ornith. ii.

p. 171. pi. 18. fig. 3 : "Canada" — errore. — we substitute Cayenne).]

Thamnophilus loretoyacuensis E. Bartlett, P.Z.S. 1882. p. 374 (Loretoyacu, N.E. Peru).

Thamnophilus atricapillus (nee Gmelin!) Pelzeln, Zur Ornith. Brazil, ii. (18G8) p. 75 (part. : Rio

Negro : Poiares, S. Izabel and R. Anoajai'i).

No. 792. 8 ad., 10. vi. 00. "Iris brown, feet bine-black, bill black."— Wing

76 ; tail 62 ; bill 20| mm.

Nos. 770, 777. ? ad., 8. vi. 06. " Iris greyish brown, feet bine-grey, bill black,

below grey-bine."— Wing 70, 74 ; tail 04, 02 ; bill 20 mm.

These specimens as well as those collected by Natterer on the Rio Negro*

agree perfectly with Bartlett's types from Loretoyacu in the British Musenm.

'/'. <*. loretoyacuensis is very closely allied to T. c. canadensis, but differs, in the

male sex, by the much duller and darker rnfesceut brown ground-colour of the back,

which, moreover, is strongly mixed with blackish. In abraded plumage, the rnfesceut

brown edges to the feathers of the mantle become almost entirely worn off, and the

mantle then appears nearly uniform blackish. Moreover, the under tail-coverts, in

this form, are black, except the white apical third.

The females differ from those of T. c. canadensis by their considerably darker

rufous brown back with traces of blackish mottlings, and by having the foreneck

more coarsely striped with black.

I may remark in this connection that the type specimens of T. leucauchen Scl.,f

said to be from the " Rio Negro," are of the unmistakable Cayenne-meke. In our

large series of '/'. c. canadensis from Cayenne, Surinam, etc., there are several

specimens with the sides of the neck quite as white, aud with the back of exactly

the same tinge as the 8 type of T. leucauchen. This name must, therefore, be

regarded as a strict synonym of the typical form.

The range of the two recognisable geographical races of T. canadensis is,

according to our present knowledge, as follows :

a. T. canadensis canadensis (Linn.)

Cayenne, Surinam, Brit. Guiana ; Trinidad; Venezuela : Cumana (large series

in Tring), on the Orinoco River up to Mnuduapo and Maipures, on the Caura River, a

1 am much indebted to Dr. von Lorenz, of Vienna, for the loan of these specimens,

j- Edinb. Acw Philos. Journ. (new ser.) i. (1855), p. 211.

( 61 )

southern tributary of the Orinoco. North Brazil : Forte S. Joaipum, on the upper

Rio Branco, near the frontier of British Guiana.

N.B. — The specimens from the Rio Branco are practically identical with those

from British Guiana.

b. T. canadensis loretoyacuensis Bartl.

Eastern Peru : Upper Ucayali (Bartlett), Loretoyacu (Hauxwell). N.W.

Brazil : Teffe (Hoffuianus) ; Poiares, >S. Isabel and Rio Amajau, Rio Negro

(Natterer).

54. Thanmophilus nigricristatus subradiatus Berl.

[Thamnqphilus uigricristatus Lawrence, 1'rur. Acad. Philad. 18G5. p. 107 (Liou Hill, Panama

Railroad).]

Thamnqphilus subradiatus Berlepscb, Journ.f. Ornith. 1887. p. 17 (Upper Amazonia : type ex Iquitos,

N.E. Peru, in Mus. v. Berlepsch examined).

Nos. 912, 811. c? ad., ? : 2(3. vii., 13. vi. U6.— " Iris yellowish grey (<J),

whitish yellow (?) ; feet bluish grey, bill black."

These specimens agree well with others from N.E. Peru. In the c? the pileum

is mainly black, though some of the occiput feathers show white marginal spots near

the base ; the forehead is slightly mixed with white.

c? ad. — Wing 78 ; tail 66 mm. The female is in moult.

55. Pygiptila stellaris (Spix).

Thamnqphilus stellaris Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 27. tab xxxvi. fig. 2 (1825 — Para).

Cfr. Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiii. (1905) p. 367.

No. 693. S ad., 22. v. 06. — " Iris brownish grey, feet dark bluish, bill black,

below bluish grey." — Wing 77; tail 41 ; bill 21 mm.

No. 887. <? imm., 23. vi. 06. Soft parts as above, but " feet blackish." — Wing

77 ; tail 39i ; bill 22 mm.

No. 692. ? ad., 22. v. 06.—" Iris brown, feet and bill bluish grey."— Wing 76 ;

tail 40J ; bill 2H mm.

The SS differ from a topotypical Para example only by having the throat

of the same cinereous colour as the rest of the under-surface instead of whitish

gray. The ? is practically identical with one from Para.

56. Dysithanmus schistaceus heterogynus n. aubsp.

No. 847. c? ad., 17. vi. 06. " Iris red, feet bluish grey, bill black."— Wing 67 ;

tail in moult ; bill 11 h ; graduation of tail 8 mm.

No. 838. S juv., 16. vii. 06. " Iris grey, bill black, below bluish grey."— Wing

67 ; tail 57 ; bill 18 mm.

No. 812. ? ad., 12. vii. 06. " Iris red, bill black, below light grey."— Wing 62 ;

tail 50 ; bill 18$ mm. Type of subspecies.

Nos. 857, 866. ? ¥ in mouit : 18, 19. vi. 0(3. " Iris red or yellow, feet blue-grey,

bill black, below grey."— Wing 64, 64i ; tail 50, 52 ; bill 18J mm.

S ad. Resembles the c? of U. s. schistaceus (D'Orb.) of North Bolivia, in having

the bend of the wing and the upper wing-coverts uniform schistaceous without auy

white, but differs by the considerably darker grey colour of the plumage. The tail

seems to be less graduated. There is no white interscapular blotch.

( 62)

? ad. Differs at a glance from the ? ? of D. s. schistaceus (D'Orb.) and JJ. s.

capitalis (Scl.) by the coloration of the underparts, which are uniform bright

ochraceous (a little paler than Ridgway's plate v. fig. T). Axillaris and quill lining

are much brighter, ochraceons buff (Ridgw. v. fig. 10), instead of pinkish buff, and

the back is rather more rofescent brown.

The female of D. s. heterogynus bears a certain resemblance to that of Tkamno-

philus incertus Pel/., of the Pars' district, but besides having a shorter tail and a

stronger bill, it is much less rufous throughout, and differs at once by the sides of

the head being pale brownish with narrow whitish shaft-lines on the ear-coverts.

In the ? ? of T. incertus and T. polionotus Pel/., the whole sides of the head are

uniform deep ferruginous, like the throat and foreneck.

It may be useful to give a short review of the "species" allied to D. schistaceus,

as they were not well understood hitherto. I have examined the series in the

British Museum and in the collections of Tring, Vienna and Count Berlcpsch, as

well as several specimens in the Paris Museum.

a. Dijsithamnus schistaceus schistaceus (D'Orb.)

Thamnqphilus schietaa us D'Orbigny, Voyage, Oisi awe, p. 170 (1838— Yuracares, E. Bolivia).

ThamnophiluB inornatus Ridgway, Proc. U.S.Nat. .Mus. x. 1887. p. 522 (1888— Diamantina, uear

Santarem).

Hab. East Bolivia : Yuracares (D'Orbigny), W. Brazil : Salto Girao and

Borba, on the Rio Madeira (Natterer) ; Lower Amazonia : Santarem (Riker).*

c? ad. Uniform schistaceous, darker above, paler below. The two outer tail

feathers sometimes with a slight, white apical margin. Under wing-coverts and

narrow edge along inner web of quills white. Graduation of tail 8 to 12 mm. — Wing

63—67 ; tail 52—55 ; bill 18, 19 mm.

? ad. Cap ferruginous, in strong contrast with the pale olive-brown back.

Underparts pale brownish buff, more buff on throat and middle of abdomen, more

brownish on foreneck and sides of the body. — Wing 64, 65; tail 51 — 55; bill

19 mm.

Material: 1 $ ad., Yuracares, coll. D'Orbigny. (Type of species. — Mas. Paris.)

2 S3, 2 ? ¥ from North Bolivia (G. Garlepp coll.) in Bins. Berlepsch ; 1 <$ fere ad.

Salto do Girao (Natterer), 2 <$<$, 2 ? ? ad., Borba (Natterer coll.) in Mus. Vienna.

I compared some of Natterer's specimens with the type in the Paris Museum

and with the Boliviau skins in Count Berlepsch's collection, and found them

identical.

b. Dysitkamnus schistaceus snbsp. (Doubtful form).

Dytithamnui schistaceus Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. xv. p. 224 (part. : a, b, c, i.)

Hob. North Pern (south of the Amazons) : Chyavetas (Bartlett), Yurimaguas

(Bartlett), Maynas (POppig).

S ad. Two 6 8 from Chyavetas and Yurimaguas in the British Museum, and a

third iu the Vienna Museum, collected by Pbppig in the province ..I' Maynas, differ

from tin. /'. s. schistaceus by being considerably darker slate-grey and by having

the feathers on the forehead and crown centred with blackish. The tail is not quite

so much graduated.— Wing 65 — 66 ; tail 50—52; bill 20 mm.

'/. inornatus is most likely the same as D. .». schutaaue, the fauna of Santarem being essentially

that of the Ki" Madeira.

( 63 )

? ad. Two females from Chyavetas (British Museum) are not different from

those of true D. s. sckistaceus.

I refrain, for the present, from naming this apparently nndescribed form, as

the three S 6 examined by me are very old skins of rather poor quality.

c. Dysithamnus sckistaceus capitalis (Scl.)

Thamnophiltis capitalis Sclater, P. Z. S. London 1858, p. 65 (Rio Napo, East Ecuador) ; Cat. Birds

Brit. Mus. xv. p. 106 (Ecuador and Iquitos, Peru).

Dysithamnus sckistaceus (uec D'Orbigny) Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mm. xv. p. 224 (part., spec, e, f,g,

h, j, fc, : Iquitos, Pebas, Sarairia) ; Goodfellow, Ibh, 1902. p. 64 (Archidona, East Ecuador).

llab. East Ecuador : Rio Napo (type), Zamora (Festa), Sarayacu (Buckley),

Archidona (Goodfellow). N.E. Peru (north of the Amazons) : Iquitos (Whitely),

Samiria, Pehas (Hauxwell).

S ad. Of the same dark slate-grey colour as b., but readily distinguishable by

having the top of the head black.— Wing 64—68 ; tail 50—54 ; bill 19 mm.

? ad. Not distinguishable from that of D. s. sckistaceus. Wing 04—66; tail

51—56; bill 18—19 mm.

Material: 1 6 jr., Rio Napo. (Type of T. capitalis, Mus. Brit.); 2 <?<? ad.,

Sarayacu, 1 8 ad., Archidona (Goodfellow)— Mus. H. v. Berlepsch and Tring ;

5 S cJ, Iquitos— Mus. Berlepsch and Brit. ; 1 c? ad. Pebas— Mus. Brit. ; 5 ? ? , East

Ecuador— Mus. Brit, and Berlepsch ; 3 ? ? , Iquitos— Mus. Brit, and Tring ; 1 ¥ ,

Samiria — Mus. Brit.

Although placed in another genus by Mr. Sclater, T. capitalis is merely the

northern form of D. sckistaceus, which it represents on the north bank of the Peruvian

Amazons and on the Rio Napo. The S £ ad. from East Ecuador and Iquitos have

the whole top of the head black, otherwise they agree with those from Chyavetas

and Ynrimaguas. The birds from Iquitos, referred to I), sckistaceus in the Gat.

of Birds, are absolutely indistinguishable from those named T. capitalis. The

S from Pebas is somewhat intermediate between b and c; the pileum is mainly

black, but the feathers show narrow slaty margins.

Specimen dot I), sckistaceus (Cat. B. xv. p. 224) from Chamicuros, however,

is quite different, and belongs to Thamnomanes glaucus Cab.

'/. Dysithamnus sckistaceus heteroyynus Hellm.

Teffe, Brazilian Amazons. See above.

e. Dysithamnus dubius Berl. & Stolzm. Ibis, 1894, p. 393.

Hub. Central Peru : La Merced, Chauchamayo (Kaliuowski) ; Chuchurras,

prov. Huanuco (Hoffmanns).

This is probably also a geographical form of D. sckistaceus, but without

knowing the ? it would be uusafe to use a trinomial appellation.

The $ from Chuchurras in the Tring Museum agrees nearly with that of

D. s. heteroyynus, but the tail is less graduated, and the bill much more slender

and more strongly hooked. Wing 04 ; tail 49 ; bill 20 mm.

57. Dysithamnus ardesiacus ardesiacus Scl. & Sal v.

Dysithamnus ardesiacus Sclater & Salvia, /'. Z. S. 1867. p. 756 (based ou D. schistaceus Sclater

(uec D'Orb.), /'. Z.S. 1858. p. 66, 22'-'.— Rio Napo, East Ecuador).

No. 730. cf ad., 1. vi. 06. " Iris dark brown, feet grey-blue, bill black.''—

Wing 73 ; tail 50; bill 15J mm.

( 64 )

No. 810. i ad., 12. vi. 00. " Iris light brown, feet greyish brown, bill black."—

Wing 69; tail 49; bill 17 mm.

No. 735. ? ad., 1. vi. 06. "Iris dark brown, bill black, below grey." — Wiug

73^ ; tail 55 ; bill 17 mm.

These birds represent typical 1). ardesiacus. .No. 810 has the throat feathers

black, broadly margined with schistaceous at the tips, jnst as specimens from East

Ecuador and Northern Peru. In No. 730 the throat is almost uuiform schistaceous,

except a few blackish dots here and there. No. Sill shows a small concealed white

dorsal spot, which is altogether wanting in the two other skins.

Cfr. Hellmayr, Verkandl. zool. hot. Gesellsch. Wien, 1903, pp. 215— 216.

New to the Brazilian fauna.

58. Thamnomanes caesius persimilis subsp. nov.

Nos. 074, 772. <?<? ad., 21. v., 7. vi. 00. "Iris brown."— Wing 09, 70; tail

61,04; bill 17, 18 mm.

No. 099. (? fere ad., 24. v. 06. " Iris brown."— Wing 09 ; tail 001 ; bill 18 mm.

Nos. 672, 688, 773. ? ? ad., imm. "Iris brown."— Wiug 71; tail 01, 631,

65; bill 17, 17i mm.

S ad. Very much like T. c. kqffmannsi Hellm., of Para, but differs in the

darker bine-grey colour of the plumage ; by lacking the white streaks on the throat

and ear-coverts, and by having the edge of the wing dark bluish slate-grey (instead

of white). T. c. caesius (Temm.), of Bahia, which agrees in the two last-named

characters, is of a much darker, dull blackish slate-grey colour throughout.

? ad. Indistinguishable from that of T. c. glaucus Gab., but very different

from the females of T. c. caesius and T. c. hofmannsi by having the breast and

abdomen deep ferruginous, only the throat and foreneck being brownish mixed

with buff

Type of the subspecies : c? ad. Teffe, 21. v. 06, No. 074 in the Tring Museum.

The three cTcT sent by Mr. Hoffmanns present very little variation.

In the type (No. 074) the general colour is an intense bluish grey, the axillaries

and under wing-coverts are cinereous, chin and throat quite uniform without any

pale streaks. The two other c?c? have white axillaries and under wing-coverts ; a

few narrow whitish lines on the chin, and the plumage of a rather lighter blue-Tey.

In none of the three specimens is there any trace of a white dorsal spot. In the

type the entire bill is deep black, while the others have the lower mandible pale

brown.

The three females agree in every respect with a large series of T. c. glaucus,

and have a large concealed white patch in the middle of the back. The upper parts

are perhaps somewhat less rnfesceut.

In the followiug lines I append a short resume of the characters and ranges of

the four known forms of Thamnomanes, which I hope will prove to be useful to the

students of this rather difficult group. I may remark that the females of all

these forms possess a distinct white interscapular blotch.

a. T. caesius caesius (Temm.)

'' '/'" catiia Tc-mminck, Sec. PI. col. livr. ;!. tab. 17. tig. 1, 2 (Oct. 1820.— South-east Brazil ; cfr.

-Voi'. Z-mI . xii. p. 285).

Hob. South-eastern Brazil : Bahia (Wied, Wucherer, Kammerlacher) ; Rio

Iritiba and Villa Nova de Beuevente, Espiritu Santo (Wied;.

( 65 )

Oba. The specimens from Salto do Girao (Rio Madeira) and Rio Jurud,,

W. Brazil, mentioned by me as belonging to this form (Nor. Zool. xiii. p. 368),

are probably referable to T. c. persimilis. When I examined them (both are

adult <?iJ) I did not know that there was in the interior of Brazil a nearly

allied form without a white dorsal patch.

$ ad. Uniform drill, blackish slate-grey, the bases of the interscapular feathers

scarcely paler cinereous than the apical portions. Edge of the wing dark slate-grey.

Axillaries and under wing-coverts pale grey.

i ad. Upper parts light olive-brown, with a large concealed white inter-

scapular blotch. Throat and breast pale buft'y brown, abdomen and under tail-

coverts tawny ochraceous (Ridgw. Nomencl. v. fig. 4).

Material: 8 c?c? ad., 3 ?? from Bahia, in the British, Tring, and Vienna

Museums.

b. T. caesius hoffmannsi Hellm.

Cfr. Nov. Zuol. xiii. p. 367.

llnh. District of Para.

S ad. Above plumbeous (rather darker than Ridgw. ii. 15), below cinereous.

Throat variegated with white, ear-coverts with narrow white shaft-lines. Edge

of the wing, axillaries, and under wing-coverts white.

? ad. Exactly like the ? of T. c. caesius.

Material : 3 <?<? ad., 1 6 jr., 3 ? ?, Para.

c. T. caesius per&imilis Hellm.

Hah. Envirous of Teffe, on the south bank of the Rio Solitudes, Brazil.

c? ad. Above rather deeper plumbeous than T. c. hoffmannsi, nuderparts deep

bluish plumbeons, nearly as dark as the back. Ear-coverts aud edge of the wing

uniform slate-grey. Throat dark plumbeous, only the chiu sometimes with a

few indistinct whitish shaft-lines.

? ad. Differs at a glance from the ? ? of T. c. caesius and '/". c. hoffmannsi

by having the breast and abdomen of a much deeper ochraceous or ferruginous

colour, the throat and foreueck alone being pale brownish, mixed with buff.

Material : 2 SS ad., 1 6 vix ad., 3 ? ? from Teffe.

This bird appears to have a peculiarly restricted range, as in North-east Peru

and Northern Bolivia the next form, '/'. c. glaucus, is met with.

d. T. caesius glaucus Cab.

Thamnomanet glaucus Cabanis, Arch.f. \T«turtj. 13. i.p. '230 (1847.— Cayenne).

Huh. Cayenne, Surinam, British Guiana, thence through the Orinoco region

(Manduapo, Bichaco, and Canra River) to the Rio Negro (Marabitanas, Rio Icanna,

Barcellos, Manaos), to Eastern Ecuador, North-east Peru (Yurimaguas, ( 'hamicuros,

Pebas, etc.), aud Northern Bolivia (Yuracares). Also found in Bogota collections.

$ ad. Differs at once from all the preceding forms by the presence of a large,

concealed white interscapular patch. Edge of the wing dark slate-grey. General

colour as in T. c. persimilis.

? ad. Exactly like that of T. c. persimilis.

1 am unable to detect any differences between specimens from Cayenne,

Guiana, etc., aud others from the Rio Negro, Peru, aud Yuracares, Bolivia.. All

5

( 60)

the many specimens examined possess the characteristic while dorsal patch, which

is altogether wanting in the 3 3 of T. c. caesius, T. c. hoffmarmsi, and T. e.

persimilis.

Material : 3 <?(?, 2 ? ? , Cayenne ; 2 3 3, 2 ? ? , Snrinam ; 3 ? , Brit. Guiana ;

4 33, 3 ? ?, Orinoco ; 11 33, 10 ? ?, Caura River; 7 <?d\ 5 ? ?, Rio Negro ;

<? ?, Rio Nap i, Ecuador ; 3 ¥ , Bogota ; 1 3 ad., 1 c? juv., 3 ? ? , Pebas ; 2 cJ c? ad.,

1 3 juv., Yuracares, Bolivia (D'Orbiguy coll. — Paris Museum).

Obs. Whether the ? from Santarern, recorded supra, p. 17, belongs to this

or to the preceding form cannot be decided until adult males come to hand.

59. Myrmelastes fortis (Scl. & Salv.)

Percnostola forth Sclater & Salvin, /\<?.S. 1867. p. 980 (Pebas and Chyavetas, E. Peru).

Nos. 781, 883. 3 3 ad., 8, 23. vi. 06. "Iris red or red-brown, feet and bill

black, bare skin behind the eye light blue." — Wing 83, 84 ; tail 70, O'J ; bill 23, 22;

tarsus 32, 331 mm.

No. 884. ? ad. 23., vi. 06. " Iris red-brown," soft parts as above. — Wing 82 ;

tail 07 ; bill 23 ; tarsus 32 mm.

These skins are exactly similar to others from N.E. Peru ; perhaps the wings

average slightly shorter. One of the males has the first primary narrowly edged

with white.

About the systematic position of the species cfr. Meuegaux and Hellmayr, Bull.

Soc. Pkilomat. Paris, 1906, p. 32.

Prof. von. Ihering has lately recorded a specimen from the Rio Jnruil.*

60. Cercomacra sclateri Hellm.

Ctrcomacra sclateii Hellmayr, Not. Zool. xii. p. 288 (Chyavetas, Peru).

No. 850. 3 ad., Teffe, 17. vi. 00. " Iris grey, feet blue-grey, bill black."

Agrees in the 2>»leness of the coloration with the examples from Para and

Santarem, but has slightly longer wings.

61. Formicivora bicolor Pelz.

Cfr. Nov. Zool. supra p. 17.

No. 851. ? ad., 17. vi. 06. " Iris brown, feet bluish grey, bill black." — Wing

63; tail 50; bill 14 mm.

Agrees perfectly with the females from Santarem, in being uniform chestnut

below, and iu having the apical half of the three outer tail feathers white.

62. Rhamphocaenus melanurus amazonum n. snbsp.

Rhamjjhocaenus melanurus (nee Vieillot !) Sclater & Salvin, P.Z.S. 1867. p. 751 (Chyavetas, Peru).

R. albiventrit Sclater, Jbis. 1883, p. 95 (part. : Chyavetas ; but not the diagnosis !) : Taczanowski,

Orn. IVr.u, ii.(lH84) p. 53 (part.: Tarimaguas); Sclater, Cat Birds Brit. Mas. xv. (1890) p. 260

(p.-trt. : spec. /', g from Chyavetas and Santa Cruz, Peru).

No. 863. 3 ad., 20. vii. 06. "Iris brown, feet bluish grey, bill black, below

pale grey." — Wing 52 ; tail 53 ; bill 23 mm. — Type of the subspecies.

Resembles /.'. m. albiventris Scl. of Surinam and British Guiana, in having the

cheeks and ear-coverts pale brownish streaked with whitish, but is slightly larger,

• Revitt. 3fus. Pautift. vi. 1904 (publ. 1905). p. 412.

( 67 )

much darker brown on the upper parts with no rufous whatever on the uape and

sides of the neck, and has a distinct, though faint buffy wash on the sides of

the breast and abdomen.

In the type from Teffe the head aud back are of a deep sepia brown. Three

specimens from the Peruvian Amazons : an immature c? from Ynrimaguas (Tring

Museum), a nearly adult bird from Chyavetas, and a <S from Santa Cruz (in the

Brit. Museum) differ slightly by having the upper parts rather brighter and clearer

brown, but as none of them is quite adult, this trifling variation may be due to age.

In other respects they are perfectly similar to the Teffe' specimen. They measure as

follows : Wing 52, 53, 49 ; tail 40, 52£, 47 ; bill 23—24 mm.

The geographical forms of R. melanurus were not well understood hitherto.

Mr. Sclater refers to R. albiventris specimens from Surinam, S. Esteban in

Venezuela, Eastern Ecuador, and Chyavetas in Peru. From his diagnosis {Ibis.

1883. p. 05) : " gastraeo albo," it is evident that he intended to separate the white-

bellied form which occurs in Surinam, Cayenne, and British Guiana. Of the two

examples indicated as the " types " in the Cat. Birds xv. p. 201, only the one from

Surinam belongs to R. m. albiventris, while the bird from S. Esteban, Venezuela, is

referable to R. m. trinitatis.

Both R. m. melanurus and R. m. trinitatis differ from R. m. albiventris and

R. m. amazonum by their deep ochraceons sides of the neck, while R. m. sticttirus

Hellm., of Mattogrosso, is at once recognisable by having the three outer tail

feathers tipped with pure white (not with smoky grey). I hope to discuss all these

forms on another occasion.

03. Hypocnemis cantator peruvianus Tacz.

Cfr. Nov. Zool. supra p. 19.

Nos. 790,837,886. S6 ad., 10, 23. vi., 10. vii. 00. "Iris brown, feet grey,

bill black, below grey."

Nos. 830, 849. ? ? ad., IT. vi., 10. vii. 00. Soft parts as above.

Identical with specimens from N.E. Peru (Samiria, Pebas, etc.) and Eastern

Ecuador (Rio Napo). One of the S c? has the flanks darker ochraceous than all the

other skins before me.

64. Hypocnemis poecilinota griseiventris (Pelz.)

[Hypocnemis poecilinota Cabanis, Arck.f. Naturg. 13. i. p. 212. pi. 4. fig. 2 (1847. — Brit. Guiana).]

Pithy* griseiventris Pelzelu, Zur Oiiiith. Braeil. ii. p. 167. descr. orig. °. (1868. — Villa Maria and

Engenho do Gama, Mattogrosso ; Borba, Rio Madeira).

Hypocnemis poecilinota griseiventris Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiii. (1906) p. 372 (crit.)

No. 071. t? ad., 20. v. 06. "Iris dark brown, feet grey-blue, bill black." —

Wing 70i ; tail 451 mm. ; bill damaged.

No. S85. t$ juv., 23. vi. 06. " Iris greyish brown, feet grey-blue, bill black." —

Wing 66 ; tail 45), ; bill 18 mm.

Nos. 670, 744. ? ? ad., 20. v., 2. vi. 00. "Iris brown, feet grey-blue, bill

black."— Wing 67, 08 ; tail 43, 47 ; bill 18 mm.

The d ad., like that from Borba, discussed by me I.e. 371, has the upper tail-

coverts ciuereous, with a broad black subapical baud aud a narrower white apical

margin, and the median rectrices are washed with grey on the base. The throat,

however, is quite as dark slate-grey as the rest of the underparts.

( 68 )

Tin' ? J agree very well with (batterer's typical examples, except in being

decidedly less rufescent above. In fact, the colour of the back is exactly t ho same

as in the ¥ of //. p. vidua Hellm. //. p. griseiventris can, however, easily be

distinguished by the pale ferruginous chin spot, front and sides of the head, etc.

It is also rather larger, especially the tail longer, and the bill stronger.

No. 885, a young male, has the general plumage of the female, but some

newly-grown feathers on the upper wing-coverts are black margined with white, as

in the adult c?.

Telle is quite a new locality for //. p. griseiventris, which hitherto was only

known from Borba (liio Madeira) and Mattogrosso.

65. Hypocnemis leucophrys angustirostris (Cab.)

Cfr. supra, p. 19.

Nos. 779, 858, 778. r? c? ad., 6 inim., 8. vi., Is. vii. 06. -'Iris brown, feet

bluish grey, bill black."

These birds have the belly of the same clear slate-grey as topotypical

specimens from British Guiana. The forehead seems to be less extensively

white, though one <J ad. from the Caura River is hardly different on this score.

GO. Myrniotherula surinamensis inultostriata >Scl.

[Sitta euriiiamennii Ginelin, Syst. Nat. 1. i. p. 442 (1788. — ex Latham, Surinam).]

ityrmotherula multostriata Sclater, P.Z.S. 1858. p. '-'!4. pi. 141. fig. 2 (J), 3 ( ? ) (Ucayali, East

Peru).

No. 701. ? ad.', 10. vi. 06. ''Iris brown, bill black, below greyish." — Wing

48 ; tail 24 : bill 13| mm.

This specimen agrees perfectly with females from North-eastern Peru, having

the head above broadly striped with black, and the underparts buff with narrow

but very distinct black shaft-stripes on the foreneck and breast (cfr. Menegaux

and Hellmayr, Bull. Soc. Pkilom. Paris, 1900, p. 48).

Having now examined 5 cS 6 ad. and 9 ? ? of M. s. multostriata, I feel quite con-

fident as to the distinctness of this form, though the S ci differfroin M. s. surinamensis

only by their slightly shorter tails and rather more densely striped under-surface.

It appears that there occurs in Upper Amazonia another species of this group,

which is most nearly allied to M. longicauda Berl. & Stolzm. of ( Vntral and South-east

Peru, but distinguishable by its much shorter tail, etc. The British Museum

possesses three c?c? ; one collected by Bartlett on the Upper Ucayali, the two others

said to be from the Bio Napo, East Ecuador. More material is required to settle

the true status of this form.

M. S. multostriata seems to be new to the Brazilian avifauna. I suspect,

however, that the specimens from the Bio Jurua, recorded by Von Ihering s.u.

M. surinamensis* will also turn out to belong to it.

07. Myrmotherula hauxwelli hauxwelli (Scl.)

Formicivora hauxwelli Sclater, P.Z.S. 1857. p. 131. p. 126, fig. 2 (East Peru).

Nos. 732, 733, 761, 843. $ 6 ad., 1, ii, 16. yi. 06. "Iris dark or blackish

brown, feet bluish black, bill black, below greyish blue." — Wing 52 — 54A ; tail

23— 25J ; bill 13—14 mm.

■ Soviet. Blot. Paitlat, \l p. 140.

( 69 )

No. 890. (? imm., 23. vi. 06. Soft parts as above.

All these specimens differ from Para birds {M. h. hellmayri Snethl.) by the

presence of a large, concealed white dorsal patch.

M. hauxwelli is a very near ally of M. guttata, as pointed ont in Nos. Zool.

xiii. p. 309, where, however, the differences between the males are not properly

stated, for the former species, besides its slate-grey abdomen, is characterised by

several other distinctions. The markings on the wings, upper tail -coverts and

rectrices are much smaller and pure white (not fulvous as in .1/. guttata), the quills

are edged with schistaceous (not with rufescent brown) and the rump is pure

slate-grey.

68. Mynnotherula axillaris axillaris (Vieill.)

Cfr. supra p. 22.

No. 785. c? ad., 9. vi. 06. No. 897. ? ad., 24. vi. 06. " Iris brown, bill

black."

The S belongs to the typical form with slate-grey upper parts and not to the

black-backed M. a. melaena (Scl.) of which the Tring Museum possesses specimens

from Iquitos, N.E. Peru. The females of the two forms are not distinguishable.

69. Myrmotherula longipennis Pelz.

Myrmotherula longipennis Pelzpln. Zvir Ornith. Brasil. ii. p. 153 (1868— Marabitanas and Rio

Negro).

No. 771. <5 ad., 7. vi. 06. " Iris brown, feet bluish black, bill black." — Wing

58 ; tail 32J ; bill 14 mm.

This bird has the belly of the same dark slaty grey colour as a series from

Cayenne, but the malar region is paler grey and the ear-coverts narrowly striped

with silvery white as in the Para specimens (cfr. Nov. Zool. xiii. p. 369), which,

however, have the middle of the abdomen whitish grey. Yet it must be remarked

that in a <J from the Catira River, Venezuela, the belly is quite as pale, while others

from the same locality do not differ in this respect from the Cayenne skins. More

material is required to settle the question whether there are any geographical races

of this species or not.

70. Myrmotherula menetriesii (D'Orb.)

Myrmotherula Menetriesii D'Orbigny, Voyage, Oiseaux, p. 184 (1838 — Yuracarus, Bolivia); cfr.

Meneganx & Hellmayr, Bull. Soc. philomat. Paris, 190(5, p. 51.

Myrmotherula brevicavda juruana Ihering, Revist. Mus. Paulist. vi. 1904, p. 440 (1905. — Rio Junni

W. Brazil).

M. longipennis Sclater, Cat. Hints Brit. Mus. xv. p. 241 (part., specimens p and q : Rio Javari and

Chamicuro'. E. Peru).

Nos. 700, 749, 755, 910. SS ad., 23. v., 3, 5, 26. vi. 06. " Iris brown or grey,

feet and bill black."— Wing 5H— 54 ; tail 27-30; bill 13A- 15 mm.

No. 898. S imm., 24. vi. 06. " Iris greyish brown."

Nos. 731, 751, 770, 904. ? ? ad., 1, 3, 7, 25. vi. 06. "Iris brown, feet, grey-

blue, bill black, below grey."— Wing 51-54 ; tail 29—30; bill 14 mm.

The S 6 ad. differ somewhat inter se in the markings of the tail. One

(No. 910) has the rectrices uniform light grey with narrow white apical margins,

exactly as the types of M, boliviano, Berl., and the original example of M. menetriesii

( 70)

in the Paris Mnsenni ; while in the three others the white ends are followed by a

more or less distinct black snbapieal band, more pronounced on the onter rectricea

than on the inner ones. The two S S in the British Museum agree perfectly with

these specimens.

The ? ? correspond well with Count Berlepech'a description.* No. 731 is

rather darker on the nnder-parts than the three others. The colour of the upper

surface varies from olive grey to dull olive.

Although mixed up with .1/. longipennis in the Catalogue of Birds, M. menetriesii

is quite distinct from it, and much more nearly related to .1/. cinereiventris,

as correctly pointed out by Count Berlepsch. In fact, it seems to be its southern

representative, but the exact range in Peru of the two forms is not yet satisfactorily

established. M. cinereiventris is known to me from Pebas and Ljuitos, on the

north bank of the Maranou, and also from Chyavetas, south of that river, where

Bartlett collected several specimeus, while of M. menetriesii the British Museum

possesses an adult <?, said to be from Chamicnros. The rj of M. menetriesii differs

from that of M. cinereiventris merely by having the middle of the throat and

foreneck extensively black. The ? ? of the two forms I am unable to distinguish.

Prof. Ihering has kindly sent me the type of M. brevicauda juruana, and I

found it to agree with the types of M. boliviano,.

The range of M. menetriesii is, according to our present knowledge, as follows :

North Bolivia : San Mateo (Garlepp). East Bolivia : Yuraeaivs (D'Orbigny).

X.E. Peru: Chamicnros (Hauxwell). N.W. Brazil: Rio Jurna (Garbe) ; Teffe

(Hoffmanns) ; Rio Javari (Bates).

The (? of the present species differs from M. longipennis Pelz. by its much

shorter wings and tail, much paler, clear cinereous (Ridgw. pi. ii. 16) instead of

deep slate-grey coloration, whitish grey (not black) chin and considerably smaller

white shoulder-patch. The middle and greater npper wing-coverts are clear

cinereous with a sharply defined black auteapical spot which is followed by the

white tip (in .1/. longipennis they are black tipped with white and scarcely edged

with slate-grey along the outer web); the primary coverts show distinct white

apical margins which are entirely absent in M. longipennis; the axillaries and under

wing-coverts pale cinereous, not deep slate-grey, etc., etc.

The ? ? of the two species are altogether different, that of M. longipennis

having the back warm wood-brown (Ridgw. t. iii. fig. 13), the upper wing-coverts,

the outer web of the cpiills and the edges of the rectrices bright russet, the abdomen

white, etc., etc. It is, moreover, much larger.

71. Myrmotherula haematonota (Scl.)

Formicivora haematonota Sclater, P.Z.S. 1857. p. 48 (Chamicnros, Peru), descr. juv.

Myrmotherula pyrrhonota Sclater & Salvin, Nomencl. Av. Neotr. p. 100 (1873.— Rio Negro and

Oyapoc, Cayenne), descr. adult.

ifyrmotkt rula pyrrhonota amazonica Ihering, Revist. .!/».«. Paid, vi. 1D04-. p. 440 (1905.— Rio Jurna).

No. 909. <? fere ad., 20. vi. 00. "Iris light brown, feet bluish grey, bill

black."'— Wing 54 ; tail 40; bill 13i mm.

No. 90S. ? juv. 26. vi. 06. Soft parts as above.— Wing 51; tail 41 1; bill

14 mm.

The examination of a large amount of material revealed the fact that the two

supposed species, M. haematonota (with less rufous on the back and with '■ a longer

• Jtntrn.f, Ornith. 1901. p. :w.

( 71 )

tail ") and M. pijrrhonota (with the whole back rnfous chestnut and with " a shorter

tail ") are merely young and adult of a single form. As will be seen from the

measurements given below, there is no difference in the length of the tail between

Peruvian examples (haematonota) and those from more eastern localities when series

of both are compared. Thus, we have only to deal with the other supposed

characters — viz. the intensity and the extent of the rufous colour on the back, and

the coloration of the apical spots on the upper wing-coverts.

The Tring Museum possesses a very instructive series from the Cauva River,

Venezuela. On comparing these ten specimens we find that the fully adult S S have

the whole back and rump deep chestnut rufous, and the apical spots on all the upper

wing-coverts pure white,* while in immature birds the rufous is paler and coufined

to the upper back (the rump being brown) and the wing spots are always buff or

fulvous. Those with the least amount of rufous on the back and with bright

fulvous spots on the wing-coverts are undoubtedly the youngest, as is proved by the

fluffy texture of the feathers. The type of F. haematonota (from Chamicnros) is a

young bird, and agrees in colour and size perfectly with several of our Caura

specimens, while the two other examples of M. haematonota in the British Museum

are even younger, there being but a slight rufous admixture in the middle of the

back. On the other hand, a nearly adult S from north-east Peru in the Paris

Museum, collected by Count Casteluau, has the wing spots (except on the greater

series) white and the whole back deep chestnut rnfous, just like the type of

M. pyrrhonota from Marabitanas ! The type of M. p. amazonica kindly lent by

Prof, von Ihering is absolutely identical with several skins from the Caura.

I cannot find any constant difference between ? ? from Peru, Marabitauas,

Venezuela, etc., either in size or in colour.

Measurements :

Wing. Tail.

3 cf S ad., Marabitanas (including the type

of M. pyrrhonota) . . . .47 —49 ; 35—37 mm.

1 3 ad., Sta. Barbara, Rio Negro .

1 S imm., Borba, Rio Madeira

4 <$S, Nericagua and Mnndnapo, Orinoco

7 SS, Caura River, Venezuela

1 S, Rio Jnruii (type of M. p. ama zonica

Ihering) . . . . . . 49J ; 30

3 $$ jr., Chamicnros and Chyavetas,

North Peru (including the type of

F. haemotonota Scl.) ... 51 —53 ; 37, 38, 41 „

1 c? ad., N.E. Peru (Casteluau coll.,

Mus. Paris 50 ; 35£ „

72. Gymnopithys salvini (Berl.)

Pithya salvini Berlepsch, Journ. fur Ornith. 1901. p. 98 (S. Mateo, N. Bolivia); Ihering, Revist.

Mus. Paul. vi. p. 443, tab. xvi. fig. 2 (1905.— Rio Juriui).

No. 089. S ad., 22. v. 06. " Iris greyish browu, feet bluish black, bill black."

—Wing 75 ; tail 45 ; tars. 231 ; bill damaged.

No. 069. 6 imm., 20. v. 06. " Iris dark brown, feet bine-grey, bill black."

—Wing 74 ; tail 47 ; tars._25 ; bill 17i mm.

* Only a few on the greater scries are very slightly tinged with buff..

( 72 )

Nos. G07, 882. ? ? ad.. 22. v., 22. vi. 06. " Iris greyish brown, feet grey, bill

black, below grey."— "Wing 77, 72 ; tail 50, 40 ; tars. 25 ; bill 18, 17$ mm.

This is one of the most interesting Bpeciea in the collection. Hitherto only

two specimens were known, an adult S (the type) in Count Bcrlepsch's Museum,

obtained by G. Garlepp in Northern Bolivia, and an immature <$ from the Bio

durua, sent by Garbe to the Mnsen Paulista.

The adult c? collected by Mr. Hoffmanns agrees with the type except that the

white bands on the rectrices are confined to the inner webs. The second male has

the general colour of No. 689, but there are still some brown feathers of the juvenile

plumage to be seen. This specimen is particularly interesting, as it seems to

indicate that the young bird, before attaining the coloration of the adult (?, moults

into a transitional plumage, since the newly-grown greater upper wing-coverts and

inner secondaries show a narrow white apical margin and a distinct black sub-

terminal band, while they are uniform schistaceous in the adult o<J.

The ? of this species, which has not yet been described, is coloured as follows :

Nasal feathers cinnamon rufous with black tips; lores, sides of the head (including

a broad superciliary stripe), throat aud foreueck deep cinnamon rufous (Ridgw. iv.

fig. 16), passing into reddish cinnamon on the middle of the breast ; rest of uuder-

surface pale olive-brown, under tail-coverts slightly washed with cinnamon.

Forehead aud crown mainly black, the feathers of the former ferruginous at the

base, those of the latter narrowly edged with dull rufescent brown ; occiput dull

cinnamon rufous, clouded with dusky. Back pale olive-brown, each feather with

a broad (about H to 2 mm.) black snbterminal bar and a rather narrower cinuamon-

rufons apical band. These markings are more sparingly distributed aud less

pronounced on the rump. The feathers of the upper back are pale cinnamon-

rufous on the basal half, as in the female of G. leucaspis (Scl.). Upper tail-coverts

clear cinnamon rufous, each feather with a distinct Muck snbterminal bar. Lesser

aud median upper wing-coverts olive blackish, broadly edged with deep cinnamon

rufous ; greater series dark olive-browu or blackish, with a broad cinnamon-rufous

margin on the tip aud along the outer web. Quills dark brown, outwardly

rufescent brown, the secondaries with a broad, pale cinnamon apical band, followed

by a narrow blackish line. Tail-feathers clear cinnamon rufous, crossed by six

to seven black bands. Bend of the wing cinnamon rufous. Axillaries and under

wing-coverts pale olive-brown. Bill black, lower mandible whitish.

Count Berlepsch (I.e.) snggested that Pithys lunulata Scl. & Salv.* might be

the ? of G. sahini. After comparing our specimens with the type in the British

Museum, I am led to believe that such is uot the case. The bird from the Ueayali

agrees with the <? ad. of G. sahini in the colour of the throat and sides of the head,

but the upper parts are olive-brown, as in the ? of this species, aud marked in the

same manucr. The light bands on the back and the margins of the wing-coverts

are, however, buff (not cinnamon-rufous), the rectrices dark brown with three to four

white cress-bands on the inner web, and there is a very small whitish inter-

scapular patch. It must also be remembered that Taczanowski described a similar

specimen (marked ?) obtained by Stolzmann near Yurimaguas, North Peru,t and

it is, therefore, probable that G. sahini and G. lunulata are nearly allied, but

distinct species.

• P. Z. S. 1873. p. 276, tab. xxvi. (Sarayncu, Ucayoli, East Peru).

Orn. I'ervil ii. p. 75.

( 73 )

73. Phlegopsis nigromaculata (Lafr. et D'Orb.)

Myothsra nigromaculata Lafresnaye & D'Orbigny, Syn. Av. i. in Mag. Zool. 1837. cl. ii. p. 14

(Guarayos, Eastern Bolivia).

No. 705. c? ad., 26. v. 06. " Iris reddish brown, skin round the eye light red,

feet and bill black."— Wing 93 ; tail 61 ; bill 22 mm.

No. 900. ? ad., 25. vi. 06. u Iris dark red, bill and feet black."— Wing 88 ;

tail 60 ; bill 21 mm.

The two specimens agree perfectly with others from Bolivia and north-eastern

Peru (Ucayali) except in being a shade more brownish on the upper parts. In the

male the tail is uniform chestnut rufous, and the bend of the wing largely mixed

with white ; while the female has no white at all on the shoulder, and a narrow, but

very distinct, lanceolate black shaft-streak on all the rectrices near the tip.

Neither of them shows white spots on the nape.

These birds are very distinct from P. paraensis,* of Para, of which I have now

examined eight specimens. The back is very much paler, light yellowish or greyish

olive-brown (instead of warm rufesceut brown); the black spots are very much

larger and not margined with cinuamomeous at the tips; the greater wing-coverts

have broad blackish shaft-stripes which reach almost to the base of the feathers,

while in P. paraensis there are only .large oval snbapieal spots surrounded by a

pale cinuamomeous line ; the flanks are considerably paler, being pure olive-brown

(not rufescent brown) ; the bill is much stronger and the tail decidedly longer.

This is apparently the first record of the species for Brazil, but I suspect that

the specimen from the Bio Jnrua, recorded by von Ihering,t s.n. Phlegopsis

nigromaculata bowmani, will also turn out to belong to the true P. nigromaculata.

P. bowmani Bidgw., to which I refer four specimens from Boiba, j differs from

the Teffe birds principally by having the wing-coverts much brighter, of a fine

golden olive, and by the black markings on the back and wings being transverse

instead of longitudinal.

74. Forniicarius colma Bodd.

Formicarius r„l,„a Boddaert, Tabl. PI. e»l. p. 44 [1783— e.x Daubenton, PI. ml. 703, fig. 1 (= ?ad.)

— Cayenne].

Fnrmicariua nigrifrom auct. (cfr. my revision of S;,ix' types, p. G20).

No. 834. S juv., 15. vii. 06. " Iris dark brown, feet brown, bill black."'

75. Formicarius analis analis (Lafr. et D'Orb.)

Myothera analis Lafresnaye et D'Orbigny, Syn. Av. i. in .!/»;/. Zool. 1837. el. ii. p. 14 [Turacares

et Chiquitos (Bolivia)].

No. 795. cJ in moult, 10. vi. 06. '• Iris and feet brown, bill black."

Differs from a Peruvian specimen (( 'hanchamayo district) by its much stronger

bill, darker brown pileum and darker, more slate-grey abdomen. Topotypieal

Bolivian birds are not available for comparison.

* Orn. MonaUber. xii. 1004, p. 53.

f Revitta Slut. Paul. vi. p. 4 3.

I Or it. MonaUber. xii. I i i|. ;> "I

( 74)

76. "Threnetes leucurus (Linn.)

ZVo hilus leucurus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. xii. !. p. 190 (17t»i"i — ex Edwards & Brisson : Surinam).

No. 827. 6 ad., 25. vii. 06. '-Iris black, feet yellowish grey, bill black."—

AVing 6H; tail 36} ; bill 29* mm.

No. 891. ? imm, 23. vi. 06. " Ins blaek,feet yellow, bill black."— AVing .',4 ;

tail 32 ; bill 20 mm.

These birds differ from typical Surinam specimens merely by having the

abdomen more washed with rusty buff, less greyish white in the middle. The

light portions of the rectrices are pure white, as in 7'. leucurus of Surinam and

British Guiana.

It is remarkable that this species, hitherto snpposed to be confined to the

Guianas, reoccurs on the south bank of the Rio Solimoes, where we should expect

to meet with its Upper Amazonian representative, 7'. cernnicauda Gould, which

has lately been found in the Para district (cfr. Nov. Zool. xiii. (1905), p. 374).

I must confess I am at a loss to understand the singular distribution of these

two forms.

T. leucurus is new to the Brazilian fauna.

77. Glaucis hirsuta (Gm.)

Cfr. Nov. Zool. xiii. (UlOG) p. 374.

No. 87C. 6 ad. moulting, 27. vi. 06. " Iris black, feet yellow, bill black,

below yellow." Agreeing with Bahia skins.

78. Phoethornis philippii (Bourc.)

Trochilus philippii Bourcier, Ann. Sue. Agrie. Lyon x. (1847), p. 623 (1847 — "Bolivia ').

Phaethornis filippii Berlepscb, Journ.f. Ornith. 1880. p. 100 (Fonteboa).

P. bourcieri (nee Lesson !) Ihering, Revist. Mus. raid. vi. (19U5) p. 443 (Rio Jurua).

No. 745. 8 ad., 2. vi. 06. "Iris black, bill black, below red."— AVing 59 ; med.

rectr. 63 ; snbmed. rectr. 37 ; outermost rectr. 27 : bill 34 mm.

No. 762. 8 vix ad., 6. vii. 06. " Iris black, bill black, below red."— AVing 62 ;

rectr. (as above) 72, 39, 29 ; bill 33 mm.

Mus, Paulist. No. 3674. Adult, Rio Jurua, ix. 02. E. Garbe coll.— AVing

59 ; rectr. 62, 37, 25 ; bill 32 mm.

The second specimen is an immature bird, the feathers of the crown and back

being margined with buff, while in the two other examples these parts are uniform

golden green.

This very rare species was only known hitherto from two specimens : the type

said to be from Bolivia, and an immature bird collected by Garlepp near Fonteboa,

Rio SolimOes. It was, therefore, with great pleasure that we met with two

additional examples in Mr. Hoffmanns' lot. Soon after the receipt of these, Prof,

von Ihering forwarded to us the specimen recorded by him as P. bourcieri,

and we found it identical with the Teffe" examples. P. philippii is a very near

ally of P. bourcieri (Less.), of the Guianas and the Upper Rio Negro, agreeing

with it in the straightness of the bill and in the shape of the tail, bnt differs at

a glance in coloration. The nnder-surface, instead of being greyish bull', is bright

ochraceous (between Hidgway's Xomencl., pi. v. figs. 7 and 10), the upper tail-

( 75)

coverts have ranch brighter, ochraceous (not. buff) bars and edges, and the tips

to the four outer tail feathers (on eacli side) are deep cinnamon-rnfons (instead

of buff).

79. Phoetliornis ruber ruber (Linn.)

Cfr. Nov. Zool. xiii. (1906) p. 375.

No. 820. <? ad., 13. vi. 00. " Iris black, feet yellow, bill black, below yellow."

Black tip of lower mandible 8 mm. long. — Wing 29 ; tail 29 ; bill 23 mm.

No. 715. Av. juv., 30. v. 06. " Iris black, feet yellow, bill black, below greenish

yellow." Black tip of lower mandible 7 mm. — Wing 32 ; tail 33 ; bill 22 mm.

The first of these specimens is a fully adult male with a broad dark purplish

brown pectoral band. The tail feathers are bronze brown, very narrowly fringed

with buff or whitish on the tips. In the young bird (No. 715) wings and tail are

much longer, the rectrices more pointed, and ending in long, bright cinnamon-

rufous tips.

In the extent of the black tip to the under mandible, the Teffe birds agree

with others from Eastern Bolivia and Mattogrosso, while in skins from Eastern

Brazil (Bahia, Rio, Pernambuco) and Cayenne nearly the entire apical half

(9 — 11 mm. long) is black. In a series from Para, however, this black stripe

varies from ~h to 11 mm., and I have therefore little hesitation in referring the

birds from Western Brazil and Bolivia to the typical form.

According to our present knowledge, the following geographical races of

P. ruber are to be recognised :

a. Phoetliornis ruber ruber (Linn.)

Ilab. Cayenne ; Surinam ; Brazil : from Para west to Teffe on the Rio

Solimoes; east through Pernambuco and Bahia to Rio de Janeiro, thence through

Goiaz and Mattogrosso to Eastern Bolivia (Guanai, San Augnstin).

b. Phoethornis ruber longipennis Berk & Stolzm.

Phaethornis rufigaster longipennis Berlepsch & Stolzmann, P. Z. S. 1902. ii. p. 19 (Chanchainavo).

Hab. Chanchamayo district in Central Pern.

Exactly like P. r. ruber, but with much longer wings, 41 1 — 43A mm.

c. Pkoethornis ruber niffricinctus Lawr.

Phaethornis nigricinciut Lawrence, Ann. Lye. X. H. New York vi. p. 260 (1858 — Ecuador).

Hab. Eastern Ecuador : Rio Napo, Sarayacn ; N.E. Peru : Pebas (Hauxwell),

Chyavetas, Chamicuros (Bartlett), Ynrimaguas (Stolzmann).

Topotypical Napo specimens have only the extreme tip of the lower mandible

(1 — 2 mm.) dusky. Quite similar examples occur on the Peruvian Amazons,

where, however, others are also met with in which the blackish tip is scarcely

shorter than in P. r. ruber.

(I. Phoethornis ruber episcopus Gould.

Phuithoriiis episcopus Gould, P. Z. S. 1857. p. 14 (Demcrara).

Eremita whitelyi Boucard, Genera Bumming Birch, p. 390 (1895 — " Canela Mountains, British

Guiana " — the type is from the Canuku Mountains).

Phaethornis caurensis Simon et Dalmas, Omis xi. p. 208 (1901— Caura R., Venezuela).

Hab. British Guiana : Camacusa, Bartica Grove, Aunai, Canuku Mts. ;

Venezuela: Snapnre and Nicare, on the ('aura River; and near Nerieagua ami

Mnnduapo, on the Upper Orinoco.

r to )

6 ad. Differs from thai of /'. r. ruder by its much broader and deeper, velvety

black pectoral band with purple gloss (instead of dark purplish brown), and by

having a distinct coppery gloss on the nnder-sarface of the tail.

? and juv. As a rule distinguishable from the corresponding plumages of

J', r. ruber by its more coppery tail, but single specimens are sometimes scarcely

different I examined the type of Boncard's /.'. wkitelyi, now in the Paris Museum,

and found it to be identical with /'. r. episcopus. it is a ? in the "eremita" plumage,

i.,\ with long cinnamon-rnfons tips to the rectrices, etc.

Mono. Simon is now convinced that his /'. caurensis is inseparable from

/'. /-. episcopus. Two adult 6 6 from the Canra in the Tring Museum are absolutely

identical with others from Annai (British Guiana), and Mnndaapo, Orinoco.

80. Phoethornis sp.

No. 681. <? jnv., 21 v. 06. " Iris black, feet brown, bill black, below yellowish

red."

This bird belongs to one of the many forms of the group of P. affinis and

P. malaris, but cannot be identified with any of them. I hope to discuss the

various races of this section on a future occasion.

81. Agyrtria fluviatilis laeta Hart.

Agyrtria fluviatilis laeta Hartert, Journ.f. Ornith. 1000, p. 3C0 (Naata, Peru).

A. fluviatilis (nee Gould) Berlepsch, Journ./. Ornith. 1889, p. 100 (Tonantins, Rio Solimoes).

No. 708. Imm., 28. v. 06. " Iris and feet black, bill black, base of lower

mandible red." — Wing 52 ; tail 30 ; bill 21] mm.

This bird agrees in every respect with the typical specimens from Nanta.

A.J', laeta differs from A. f. fluviatilis of Eastern Ecuador only by its smaller size,

shorter wings and bill. The coloration of the central rectrices mentioned by Hartert

is, however, not a reliable character. The range of the two forms is as follows:

a. Agyrtria fluviatilis fluviatilis (Gould).

Thaumatias fluviatilis J. Gould, Introd. Trockil. p. 154 (1801 — " Banks of the River Xapo ").

Hah. Eastern Ecuador : Zamora, Eio Pastaza (Baron), Gualaquiza, Zamora

(Festa).

12 adult birds from East Ecuador : wing 57 — 58 ; bill 23 — 25 mm.

b. Agyrtria fluviatilis laeta Hart.

Hah. N.E. Peru: Pebas, Nanta, bjuitos, Lower Ucayali ; N.W. Brazil:

Tonantins and TeffiS on the Eio Solimoes.

10 $$, Peruvian Amazons: wing 52 — 54 (two from Pebas 56) ; bill 21 — 22 mm.

4 ? % , Peruvian Amazons : wing 50 — 52; bill 20 — 21 mm.

1 imm. from Teffe : wing 52 ; bill 21 \ mm.

82, Chlorestes caeruleus (Vieill.)

Cfr. viL,:;i, p, 33.

Nos. 714, 758. 6 6 ad., 2'.'. v., 5. vi. 06. "Iris and feet black, bill black,

below red."

Xos. 087, 707. ? ?, 21, 28. v. 06. " Bill black, below pale red."

Identical with the specimens from Obidos.

( 77 )

83. Thalurania sirnoni Hellm.

Ikalurcuiia sirnoni Hellmayr, Hull. Brit. Ora. CI. six. (Oct. 10.10) p. 8.

No. 004. S ad., 10. v. 06. " Iris, feet, and bill black."— Wing 53 ; tail 37 ;

bill 20$ ; caud. grad. 11 mm. Type of species.

No. 005. S ad., 19. v. 00. "Iris, feet, and bill black."— Wing 54 ; tail 37i ;

bill 20 ; caud. grad. 12 mm.

No. 070. ? ad., 20. v. 00. " Iris, feet, and bill black."— Wing 50 ; tail 32 ;

bill 22 mm.

$ ad. Upper parts dark shining green, slightly tinged with bronze on the

occiput and upper tail-coverts. Interscapular region, when seen from in front,

blackish, with a hardly perceptible greenish hue. On the base of the forehead

a narrow edge of glittering green feathers. Chin, throat, and ear-coverts glittering

golden green, this colour ending in a straight line across the lower throat ; breast

and abdomen, as well as a large spot on the shoulder, glittering royal-purple

(Rido-w. viii. fig. 7). Under tail-coverts steel black, with broad white edges.

Lesser wiug-coverts glittering blue, remainder of the upper wing-coverts bronze

green ; quills purplish brown ; tail bluish black.

The second $ ad. differs from the type by having the top of the head and the

npper tail-coverts much more tinged with bronze.

? ad. Agrees with that of T. balzani Sim. in the small size and in the pale

greyish underparts, but has a slightly longer beak. The ? ? of '/'. jelskii Tacz.

and T. tsckudii are larger and have the under-surface much darker, more smoky

grey.

The S of this new form, which I have dedicated to Mous. Eugene Simon,

of Paris, the great authority on Humming birds, resembles T. jelskii, of Central

Pern and Northern Bolivia, but is considerably smaller ; the green of the throat

is more golden, the under tail-coverts are much more broadly edged with white ;

the interscapular region appears blackish (not bluish green), when held against

the light ; and there is a narrow glittering green frontal edge, barely indicated

in T. jelskii. In most of these characters, as also in the small size, the new

form agrees with T. balzani Sim., of the plains of Eastern Bolivia, which, however,

is easily recognisable by its pure white under tail-coverts.

For the present I refrain from employing trinomials for any of these

Thaluraniae, which, together with T. nigro/asciata, T. tsckudii, T. refulgens,

etc., will ultimately prove to be geographical representatives of the T. furcata

group, but 1 think it useful to say a few words about the distribution of those

forms that are found in the Upper Amazonian region.

(1) T. nigro/asciata (Gould), which, in the S sex, is so well characterised by

the green of the throat being drawn to a point over the chest and separated from

the blue abdomen by a distinct velvety black line, inhabits the north bank of the

Peruvian Amazons (Iquitos, Pebas) and its northern tributaries, such as the Bio

Napo, Zamora, Gualaquiza, Pastaza, etc., etc. It also occurs on the Upper Bio

Negro (Cobati, Guia, Marabitanas, and Bio Icanna), and is not uncommonly met

with in the Bogota trade-collections. I have seen many specimens from Iquitos,

Pebas, etc., and Eastern Ecuador, and Dr. Lorenz, of Vienna, kindly sent me

the series obtained by Natterer on the Rio Negro, and several Bogota skins for

comparison.

(2) T. tsckudii Gould, inhabits the mountainous districts of North Peru south of

(78 )

the Marafion, at elevations from 1200 to 1500 metr. It seems to be rather common

i:i the valley of Huayabamba, where Messrs. G. Garlepp and 0. T. Baron procured

a large number of specimens. Mons. Baer met with it near Naevo Loreto. I

compared our series from these localities with Gould's types iu the British

Museum, and found them perfectly alike. I doubt, however, whether the original

examples were really obtained " in the neighbourhood of the River Ucayali." * The

8 of T. tschudii is easily recognisable by the green colour of the throat being

separated from the purple-blue abdomen by a distinct greenish-blue area, which

is bordered laterally by a velvety black line. Messrs. Berlepscb and Hartert t

recorded this species from the Upper Orinoco, aud the specimens from there are

certainly very much like the Peruvian ones, especially on the underparts. Mosl

of them are, however, immature, and the only adult 8, which is much damaged by

the shot, seems to have a violet baud across the interscapular region. I feel sure

that if a scries of adult 8 8 could be compared, the distinctness of the Orinoco form

would become apparent.

(3) T, jelskii Tacz. inhabits the Andes of Central and South-eastern Peru,

aud of North Bolivia. The Tring Museum possesses this form from La Gloria

(Chanchamayo), elev. 1100 metr.; Carabaya, 1000 metr.; and a series from San

Angnstin, Eastern Bolivia, 1200 metr. Here belong also all the Bolivian specimens

iu the British Museum, recorded by Salving s.n. T. tschudii, and the examples

obtained by D'Orbigny near Santa Cruz § and preserved in the Paris Museum.

The 8 8 of T. jelskii differ from T. tschudii by the green throat being immediately

followed by the royal purple colour of the breast and abdomen.

(4) T. balzard Sim. replaces the foregoing species in the lowlands of Eastern

Bolivia. The Tring Museum received a good series from Salinas, on the banks of

the Bio Beni. The 88 ad. of T. balzard are at once known by their pure white

under tail-coverts, which occasionally show a few very small blackish discs near

the base.

84. Anthracothorax nigricollis (Vieill.)

Cfr. Nov. Zool. xui. (1906) p. 377.

Nos. 682, 723. 86 ad., 21, 30. v. 06. " Iris, feet and bill black."

No. 713. ? ad., 29. v. 00. Soft parts as above.

85. Nyctibius grandis (Gm.)

Cfr. supra, p. 33.

No. S44. ? imm., 10. vi. 06. " Iris dark brown, feet yellowish grey, bill

black."— Wing 364 ; tail 250 mm.

Agrees with the Obidos specimen.

86. Nyctidromus albicollis albicollis (Gm.)

Gmelin, Sy$t. Nat. 1. ii. p. 1030 (17«8.— ex Latham: Cayenne).

Nos. 867, Mil, 704. 8 ? and an immature bird, not sexed : 20, 11, 0. vi. 00.

"Iris dark brown (8 J ), black (No. 764); feet greyish; bill black."

* P.Z.S. I860. p. 312.

f Nov. Zool. Ix. (1902), p. 86.

X Cat. Birds Brit. Mux. x\i. p. B3.

J Omitmyafitroata Lafr. & D'Orbigny, Si/n. At: ii. in Mag. Zool. 1838, cl. ii. p. 27.

( 79 )

Agreeing in size with <a series from Cayenne, Surinam, Trinidad, etc.

The southern form, N. a. derbyanus Gould, is larger, especially the tail much

longer, and the nppei parts of a much clearer, paler brown.

87. Chlorouerpes capistratus (Main.)

Chloropicus capistratus ' (Natterer MS.) Malberbe, Moiiogr. Pic. ii. p. 140, pi. Ixxxiii. fig. 4, 5 (1862

— " Bre'sil."— Natterer coll.— as typical locality accepted : Rio Negro).

Nos. 702, 753. ? ad., ? imm., 24. v., 3. vi. 06. " Iris white or pale grey, feet

greyish green, bill black."— Wing 138 ; tail 78, 80 ; bill 20, 27 mm.

Specimens from the Rupuunni River, British Guiana, differ by the much paler,

yellowish or yellowish white (instead of deep golden yellow) ground-colour of the

lower parts. Additional material is required to show whether the Guiauan birds

are separable.

88. Chrysoptilus punctigula guttatus (Spix).

Cfr. Hellmayr, Abhaiidl. Buyer, akad. Wiesensch. ii. Kl. BJ. xxii. Abth. iii. (1906) p. 006 f.

Nos. 865, 853, 701. (<?) ad., ? ad., 6 jr. 19, 17. vi., 23. v. 06. " Iris brown,

feet grey or greenish grey, bill black. "— J : wing 111; tail 72; bill 22 mm. — ?:

wing 114; tail 74; bill 24i mm.

These birds seem to belong to C. p. guttatus. The ? ad. agrees perfectly with

the characters given by me I.e., while the 2 3 <3 have the back dull greenish

(instead of golden yellow), hence more like Bogota skins. The latter, however,

differ by having the rnmp much brighter yellow and more coarsely spotted with

black, and the belly is also of a clearer, brighter yellow. C. speciosus Malh., based

upon a specimen from the Peruvian Amazons, is perhaps identical with guttatus of

Spix. If such be the case, the Bogota form would probably require a new name.

89. Melanerpes cruentatus (Bodd.)

Picas cruentatus Boddaert, Tab!. PI. ail. p. 43 (1783. — ex Daubenton, PI. en!. 694, fig. 2. — Cayenne).

Nos. 737, 738, 703, 705, 873. S <$ ad., 1. v., 1, 0, 20. vi. U6. " Iris yellow,

feet grey or black, bill black."

All five specimens are typical .1/. cruentatus with broad superciliaries, creamy

above the eye and golden yellow in the posterior portion.

9ti. Celeus jumana (Spix).

Cfr. Hellmayr, Abhandl. Bayer, uk.nl. Wissensch. ii, Kl. xxii. Bd. Abtb. iii. (1906) p. 603.

No. 685. (?) ad., 21. v. 00. "Iris red, feet black, bill pale grey."— Wing

153; tail 103; bill 29£ mm.

The inner webs of the quills are regularly and broadly barred with blackish

grey and pale yellow, as in specimens from Para, Santarem, and the Orinoco region.

Both the ? from Teffd ami the $ from Itaituba, Santarem (see supra, p. 25) have

the upper tail-coverts bright rufous brown, while they are yellow with pale rufous

brown edges in a series from Para. ' . citreopygius Sri. & Salv. of Eastern Ecuador

and Peru has also rufous brown upper tail-coverts, but differs at a glance by the

uniform isabelline rufous inner webs of the remiges.

* Chrysojpicui capistratus Bonaparte [CmspP Voluer. ZynoA. (repr. from Ateiteo Ualia.no, No. 8,

Maggio ]s54), p. 9, uo. 151] is a pure tinmen nudum.

( 80 )

91. Celeus grammicus (Malh.)

Ptcus grammicm Mallierbe, Mim. Soc. Roy. Liigi 1845, p. 69 (" Br&il."— coll. Natterer iu Miu.

Vindob.—ae. Rio Madeira and Rio Negro ; cfr. Pelzeln. Urn. Srasil. iii. 1869. p. 252).

No. 703. ? ad., 24. v. 06. "Iris dark red, feet black, bill whitish grey."—

Wing 120; tail 80; bill 22$ mm.

Differs from Orinoco examples by having the feathers of the crown centred

with black, and the throat narrowly, but distinctly striped or banded with the

same colour.

92. Croconiorphus flavus (P. L. S. Mull.) subsp.

Cfr. supra, p. 25.

No. 802. ? fere ad. 12. vi. 06. "Iris dark red, feet greyish green, bill

yellowish green."

In the coloration of the wings this specimen agrees perfectly with the one

from Santarem, mentioned in my former paper, except that the inner webs of the

remiges are paler, more isabelline. The birds from the Brazilian Amazons most

likely constitute a geographical form of < '. jhtnix, but I should like to see more

specimens before separating it.

93. * Picunmus flavifrons Harg.

Picumnus Jlavifrom Hargitt, Ibis 1889. p. 22'.i (Sarayacu, East Peru).

No. 683. <J ad., 21. v. 06. "Iris brown, feet bluish grey, bill black, base of

lower mandible whitish." — Wing 50£ ; tail 25 ; bill 11 mm.

Mus. Brit. <? ad., Sarayacu, East Peru, July IT, 1865. Bartlett coll. Type

of the species.— Wing 50 ; tail 23 ; bill 11 mm.

The Tefte bird differs from the type, the only known specimen, by having the

tips to the sinciput feathers of a rather darker golden yellow; the ear-coverts not

quite so dark, more sepia brown ; and the blackish bars on the chest somewhat

broader. These slight differences, however, are quite within the range of individual

variation in allied species.

P.Jhn/rons Harg. is a very near ally of P. awifrons Pelz. (from Mattogrosso

and the Upper Rio Madeira), but can easily be distinguished by having rounded

spots on the belly (instead of narrow longitudinal stripes). The back is perhaps

somewhat more greenish.

I am very doubtful whether P. wallacii Harg. is really distinct from P. auri-

frons. The type and only known specimen is a young bird, as is proved by the

fluffy texture of the feathers on the uuder-surface. In the tinge of the golden yellow

tips to the feathers of the sinciput it agrees perfectly with the S from Tefte, and it

does not differ from the type of P '. Jtamfrbns, except by having the ground-colour

of the head of a paler and dnller brown, and the ear-coverts buff (instead of blackish

brown). Both these variations may be merely signs of immaturity. Anyhow,

further specimens are required to establish the validity of /'. wallacii.

J' /In ri fronts is new to the Brazilian avifauna.

04. Coccyzus melanocoryphus Vieill.

/, melanocoryphus Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. viii. p. 271 (1817.— ex Azara, No. 267. — Paraguay).

Nos. 782, 70(5. $$ ad., in rather worn plumage : 8, 10. vi. 00. " Iris brown,

feet bluish grey, bill black."

(81 )

95. Capito aurovirens (Cuv.)

Bueco Auro-virena Cuvier, Rerjne Arum, i. p. 458 (1829. — sx Levaillant, Hist. Xat. Couroucous iii.

Suppl. p. 44, fig. E.— "Bresil").

Nos. 662, 864. 6 ad., <? jr., 19. v., 19. vi. 06. "Iris red, feet grey-blue, bill

black, base of lower mandible whitish or pale grey." — Wing 89, 9U ; tail 69, 66 ;

bill 21, 23 mm.

No. 835. ¥ ad., 16. vii. 06. " Iris red, feet greenish grey, bill black." — Wing

85 ; tail 66 ; bill 22 mm.

Nos. 663, 666. ? ? imm., 19. v. 06. " Iris yellowish grey, feet greenish grey,

bill black."

Not different from Peruvian skins.

The adnlt male has the base of the lower mandible white ; the back is of a

purer olive-green, the cheeks and ear-coverts are more blackish and the abdomen

clearer greenish than in the other specimens.

This species has already been recorded for Brazil by Prof, von Ihering, who

received several examples from the Rio Jnrua.*

96. Capito amazonicus Dev. & Des Mars.

Capito amazoniciis Deville and Des Jlurs, Rev. Mag. Zool. 1840. p. 171 (Santa Maria aud Ega, Upper

Amazons).

C. auratus var. amazonica Pclzeln, Zur. Ormlh. Bra*, iii. (18C9), p. 230 (Rio Negro, near Castanheiro ;

Marabitanas ; Rio Xie).

Nos. 717, 842. SS in moult, 30. v., 16. vi. 06. " Iris red, feet blue-grey, bill

greyish black."— Wing 84, 85; tail 53—54 ; bill 23i mm.

No. 778. ? ad., 30. v. 06. " Iris red, feet green, bill black."— Wing 83 ; tail

56 mm.

This species differs at once from C. auratus (Dum.) and its geographical races

by the bright scarlet (instead of orange) throat.

The specimen mentioned by Pelzeln f as being intermediate between the two

species is, thanks to the kindness of Dr. Lorenz, now before me. It belongs

undoubtedly to C. amazonicus, and does not differ from average specimens of this

species, though the colour of the throat has faded into a rather paler scarlet, the

bird having been exposed to the light for a long time. The other examples obtained

by Natterer on the Rio Negro, agree with those from Teffe, except that the female

from Marabitanas has small black spots on the throat, this being uniform scarlet

in the female sent by Mr. Hoffmanns.

Comte de Dalmas % has pointed out that C. amazonicus is the proper name of

the red-throated species, while the C. punctatus of the Catalogue of Birds ought

to be called C. auratus (Dumont).

It may be interesting to say a few words about the geographical forms of the

orange-throated species, the distribution of which is very peculiar. In addition to

the fine series of the Tring Museum, which comprises most of the specimens

formerly in Comte de Dalmas' collection, I have before me the four examples from

Barcellos, Rio Negro, collected by Natterer, aud on studying this material I arrive

at the following conclusions.

* Rerist. Mus. PaulUt. vi. 1904 (1905), p. 11(5.

f Zur Orn. Bras. iii. p. 240, note 1.

I Bull. Soc. Zool. France xxv. 1900. p. 178.

( 82 )

a. Capita auratus auratus (Duniont).

Bab. From Central Peru (Poznzo ami Chnchnrras, prov. Huannco) * northwards

through North Peru and Eastern Ecuador to Colombia (Bogota collections).

6. Tbroat orange (Ridgw. Nomencl. vi. fig. 3) ; feathers of lower back edged

with snlphnr-yellow (Ridgw. vi. 14). Forehead and crown dull brownish olive.

?. Throat much paler than in the 6, about deep chrome (Ridgw. vi. 9) and

densely covered with coarse black spots except on the chin, which is uniform

whitish. Feathers of lower back, forehead and crown as in the cf .

Examined: 5 66, 5 ?? from Cbuchnrras and Poznzo, prov. Huannco,

C. Peru (Hoffmanns coll.); 1 6 ad., Valle, Upper Huallaga (G. Garlepp coll.);

4 66, 4 ? ?, Rio Napo, Eastern Ecuador; 3 66, 3 ¥ ¥, Bogota collections.

The specimens from East Ecuador have, as a rule, the forehead aud crown

paler and less brownish, but those from Bogota are exactly like the Peruvian ones.

b. Capito auratus intermedins Berl. & Hart.

Nov. Zool. ix. (1902), p. 98 (Nericagua).

JIab. Only known from Nerieagna, Upper Orinoco ; and from S.E. Peru and

North Bolivia.

6. Differs from that of the foregoing form by having the throat of a deeper

orange (between Ridgway's " cadmium orange " aud " orange," Nomencl. vi. figs. 2

and 3), the forehead distinctly clearer, more saffron yellow (Nomencl. vi. fig. 4) and

mixed with orange, and the edges to the feathers on the rump rather brighter, more

lemon yellow (Ridgw. vi. fig. 11).

? . Throat entirely unspotted, and of a mnch deeper colour than in the ¥ of

C. a. auratus, beiug fully as bright as in the 6 of this form. Forehead wax yellow

(Ridgw. vi. fig. 7). Rnmp as in the 6.

Examined: 1 6, Nericagua; 1 ? (type), Nerieagna ; 1 g, Marcapata, S.E. Pern;

1 6 ad., Pillon, North Bolivia.

I am unable to distinguish the Marcapata and Bolivian 6 6 from the typical

Orinoco specimen, and I must confess that I do not know how to explain the

singular distribution of this form.

c. Capito auratus aurantiicinctus Dalm.

Capito aurantiicinctus Dalmas, Bull. Soc. Zool. France xxv. (1900), p. 177 (Caura Valley).

Capito auratus (nee Dumont) Pelzeln, Zur Omith. Bras. iii. (1869), p. 239 (Barcellos).

Hab. Venezuela : Canra Valley (E. Andre coll.). North Brazil : Barcellos on

the Rio Negro (Natterer).

6. Throat deep orange, like C. a. intermedins, but easily distinguishable by

having the whole middle of the abdomen as well as the edges to the feathers of

the rnmp deep cadmium yellow (Ridgw. vi. fig. 6).

? . Throat deep orange and entirely unspotted, as in the ? of C. a. intermedins

but easily recognisable by the feathers of the rump beiug edged with cadmi

yellow. The middle of the abdomen is also washed with pale cadmium.

Examined: 3 6 cS (including the type), 2 ? ?, Canra River, Venezuela • 2 66

2 ¥ ? , Barcellos, Rio Negro.

The 2 66 from Barcellos differ from the Venezuelan ones by having the spots

on the flauks coarser and of a deeper black.

* A good series ia the TriDg Museum, colleoted by Mr. W. Hoffmanns.

um

(83)

97. Pteroglossus flavirostris mariae Gould.

[Pteroglossus flavirostris Fraser, P. Z. S. 1S40. p. 61 (ex Gould : P. azarae (nee Vieillot !) Monogr.

Rhampli. ed. i. (1834) pi. 17.— no locality).]

Pteroglossus Marine Gould, Monogr. Shamphasl. ed. 2. pi. 30 (1854. — "the woods clothing the

sides of the Lower Amazons, whence many specimens have been sent by Mr. Hawkswell "

(sic)— errore ! We substitute Peruvian Amazons as the typical locality).

No. 452. ? ad., 3. vi. 06. " Iris red, feet blackish grey, bill yellowish white,

lower mandible brown." — Wing moulting ; tail 135 ; bill 79A mm.

The examination of the material in the British Museum, and of the smaller,

but much more carefully labelled, series in the Tring collection, convinced me that

Gould was perfectly correct in separating P. mariae from typical P. Jlavirostris.

Although there is no constant difference in size between the two forms, the coloration

of the bill serves to discriminate them at a glance.

In P.f. flavirostris the lower mandible is yellowish except a narrow elongated

patch of ochraceous along the cutting edge, while in P. f. mariae the whole

mandible is ochraceous brown. This observation, which is based on a large number

of skins, is fully corroborated by the notes made by Messrs. Cherrie, Klages and

Hoffmanns from freshly killed birds. In six specimens of P. f. Jlavirostris from

the Orinoco and Caura the under mandible is stated to be " pale primrose yellow,

with an elongated stripe of ochraceous along the cutting edge," while Mr. Hoffmanns

calls the colour of the lower jaw in three specimens of P. f. mariae " light

brown."

The range of the two forms is as follows :

a. P. f. Jlavirostris Fras.

South Cayenne : Oyapoc (Verdey) ; Venezuela : Nericngna and Mimduapo,

Orinoco (Cherrie), La Vuelta (Klages) and La Pricion (Andre") on the Caura River.

N.W. Brazil : Marabitanas, Rio Xie and Man;ios on the Rio Negro (Natterer).

East Ecuador : Rio Napo (Goodfellow, etc.). Colombia : Bogota collections.

Examined : 1 Rio Napo, 2 Sarayaeu (Bins. Brit.), 1 Coca, Rio Napo

(Goodfellow. — Tring Mus.), 4 Bogota skins (Brit. Mns.), 1 Oyapoc, Cayenne *

(Brit. Mns.), 1 3 Nericagna, <$ ¥ Munduapo, 1 S La Pricion, 2 ? ? La Vuelta

(Tring Museum).

b. P.f. mariae Gould.

Rio Soliinoes: Teffe (Hoffmanns, Bates), Mauaqueri t (Natterer); N.W. Brazil :

Rio Javari (Bates) ; Peru : Samiria on the Amazons (Hauxwell), Chuchurras,

province of Huanuco (Hoffmanns), etc.

Examined: 2 Teffe' (Brit, and Tring Museums), 1 Rio Javari (Brit. Mns.),

4 Rio Amazons (Mns. Brit., including the types of P. mariae), 6 ¥ Samiria (Mus.

Brit.), S ? , Chuchurras, Hminnco (Tring Museum).

98. Pteroglossus humboldti Wagl.

Pteroglossus Humboldti Wagler, Syst. An. Genus Pteroglossus sp. 4 (1827.— " Brasilia"— Mus.

Monac. — descr. £ ad.).

No. 845. ? ad., 17. vi. 06. "Iris light red, feet green; upper mandible

yellow, culminal ridge and a row of spots along cutting edge black ; lower mandible

black, margined with yellow at the base." — Wing 127 ; tail 144 ; bill 81 mm.

* This is a typical Cayenne skin, the legs being tied together, etc.

f P. Jlavirostris apud 1'elzeln, Zu.r OrnUh. ISrusil. iii. 18611, p. 237, note 3.

( 84 )

99. Selenidera langsdorffii (Wagl.)

Plerogloisia Langsdorffii Wagler, Syst. .It-. Genus Pteroglossus sp. 12(1 82 7. — "Brasilia." — Mus.

Monac. — dcscr. J ad).

No. 696. 6 ad., 22. v. 06. " Iris grey-brown, feet, bine-grey, bill black, base

of both mandibles greenish." — Wing 132 ; tail 115 ; bill 65 mm.

Differs from two S <$ from Huanuco, Peru, only by its rather brighter, more

chrome-yellow nuchal band.

loo. Monasa morphoeus peruana Bel.

[Monasa morphoeus Halm, Vo'gel aus Alien, etc., Lief. xiv. tab. 2 (182:1. — Brasilien).]

Monasa peruana Solater, P. '/.. S. 1855. p. 104 ("in Peruvia Orientali in regionibus fl. Aniazonum

superioris: Chamicurros ").

No. 678. ? ?, 21. v. 06. " Iris dark brown, feet black, bill red."

Agrees with North Peruvian skins in the small amount of white on the

forehead and chin.

101. Chelidophera tenebrosa teuebrosa (Pall.)

Clr. Woo. Zool. xiii. (1906) p. 381.

No. 679. cJ in moult, 21. v. 06. " Iris dark brown, feet and bill black."

Agreeing with Surinam specimens.

102. Galbula cyanicollis Cass.

Cfr. I.e. xii. (1905) p. 29G.

No. 829. ? moulting, 15. vii. 06. " Iris brown."

This bird differs from Pani ? ¥ by its paler ochraceons lower parts and much

less violet blue admixture in the malar region. It may be a young female.

103. Jacamerops aurea (P. L. S. Mull.)

Alcedo Anna P. L. S. Miiller, Natursyst. Suppl. p. 94 (1776. — ex Vosmaer : Berbice, Brit.

Guiana) ; cfr. Nov. Zool. ix. (1902) p. 104.

No. 677. S in moult, 19. v. 06. " Iris, feet and bill black."

Agrees best with a specimen from Bogota collections in having the forehead

pure golden green, while this is always more or less suffused with bluish in a

series from British Guiana.

104. Ceryle superciliosa superciliosa (Linn.)

Alcedo superciliosa Linnaeus, Sysl. Nat. xii. i. p. 179 (17GG. — ex Edwards : " America." As

typical locality substituted : Surinam ; cfr. Nov. Zool. ix. (1902) p. 104).

No. 856. (c?), 18. vi. 06. " Iris brown, feet dark grey, bill black."

Rather pale on the lower parts.

105. Trogon curucui Linn.

Trogon Curucui Linnaeus, Sytt. Nut. xii. 1. p. 1G7 (170(1.— ex Brisson and Marcgrave : Brasilien

(excl. Byn. Hernandez) ; cfr. my revision of Spix' types, p. 696).

No. 832. cJ ad., 15. vii. 06. " Iris brown, feet black, bill yellowish grey."

( 85 )

106. Ara severa (Linn.)

PsMacus sevens Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. x. p. 97 (1758. — "in Indiis." — errore ! We substitute

Amazons as the typical locality).

Nos. 754, 798. ? ? ad., 2, 10. vi. 00. " Iris yellow, feet and bill black."

107. Conurus leucophthalmus (P. L. S. Mull.)

PsMacus leucophthalmus P. L. S. Miiller, Natursyst. Suppl. p. 75 (177C. — ex Daubenton, PI. enl.

407.— Cayenne).

Conurus callogenys Salvadori, Cut. Birth Brit. Mus. xx. p. 188 (1891. — Eastern Ecuador) ; Ilia

1900, p. 454.

Nos. 788, 877. S 3 ad., 9, 21. vi. 00. " Iris yellow, feet greyish yellow, bill

yellowish white." — Wing 178, 175 ; tail 107, — mm.

No. 803. ? ad., 11. vi. 06. "Iris yellow, feet grey, bill yellowish grey."—

Wing 170; tail 156 mm.

The first of these specimens has a number of red spots on the cheeks and

below the eye ; in No. 877 there is a small spot jnst under the eye and another

near the base of the lower mandible ; while No. 803 shows but one small red

feather on each side of the neck.

We have also adult SS from Surinam, Descalvados in Mattogrosso and

S. Paulo, with red spots on the cheeks and sides of the neck. On the other

hand, an ad nit ? from the Rio Napo, East Ecuador, has no trace of red on the

sides of the head and neck !

Thus, it is evident that the presence of these red markings is a purely

individual character, and cannot be relied npon for distinguishing C. callogenys

Salvad., which, however, is said to be " much larger," the wing measuring about

190 mm. Salvadori (I.e.) gives only Eastern Ecuador as its habitat, though he

refers to it three specimens from Santa Crnz, Peruvian Amazons ! Other

examples from North Peru (Iquitos) and Bogota, however, are referred to

('. leucophthalmus. This singular distribution at once raised my suspicion, and

a careful examination of the fine series in the Tring Museum and of other

material in the Munich and Vienna Museums convinced me that the size is

as variable as the red spots on the sides of the head. The largest specimen I

have seen, an adult male from Belem do Desealvado, State of S. Paulo, collected

by Mr. A. Hempel, has the wing 190 mm. ( = types of C. callogenys) ; in three

skins from Bernalcue, Paraguay (Munich* Museum) the length varies from

177 to 185 mm. On the other hand, a ¥ from the Rio Napo (typical locality of

C. callogenys) measures on the wing only 175 mm.; an adult bird (not sexed)

from the Upper Huallaga, 175 ; and a S from Pozuzo, Huanuco, Peru, 174 mm.

Therefore there can be no longer any doubt that C. callogenys has been based

on exceptionally large specimens of C. leucophthalmus, and that the characters

assigned to it are of no geographical significance. At the same time a good

series from Cayenne (the typical locality of C. leucophthalmus) should be compared,

since the few specimens I have seen from Dutch and FrenchGuiana are of rather

small size. If the difference be constant, Sclater's term C. propinquus would

become available for the large southern birds.

(86 )

108. *Psittacula passerina crassirostris Tacz.

[Psitlticvs pmsttrinut Linnaeus, Syst. Xat. x. p. 103 (1758. — ex "America").]

I'sittncuht missirnslris Taczanowski, P. Z. S. London 1883, p. 72, descr. orig. juv. (Yurimaguas,

North Peru).

No. 825. S ad., 15. vii. 00. " Iris light yellowish grey, feet aud bill light

grey."— Wing 78 ; tail 38; bill 13 mm.

No3. 789, 794. SS juv., 10. vi. 06. "Iris brown, feet and bill greyish

white."

No. 726. ? ad., 31. v. 06. "Iris yellow, bill and feet greyish yellow."—

Wing 75 ; tail 37 ; bill 12J mm.

The adult c? differs from those in the British Museum, collected by Hauxwell

near Samiria and Nauta on the Peruvian Amazons, by its slightly more yellowish

green underparts, and by the back being a shade lighter green. The blue under

the wings and on the rump is of exactly the same tinge.

The ?, which was unknown hitherto, has no bine whatever in the plumage,

t lie axillaries and under wing-coverts being yellowish green like the under-surface ;

the rump as well as the upper wing-coverts and the exterior secondaries are light

parrot-green like the back. It differs from th e ? of P. p. passer/ na by its shorter

wings, larger and higher bill, and by having the forehead and sides of the head purer

green like the back (not yellowish).

P. p. crassirostris is new to the Brazilian fauna.

I append a short review of the various forms allied to P. passerina, which,

owing to lack of material, are very unsatisfactorily treated in the Catalogue of

Birds. As pointed out in my report on the birds from Obidos, P. deliciosa Ridgw.

is an excellent form. The fine series in the Tring Museum enables me to prove

that P. guianensis (Sw.) and P. viridissima Lafr. are perfectly distinct, and the

examination of four specimens from the Rio Brauco tends to show that P. ojanochlora

Hartl. is also separable. It appears to me that the following forms ought to be

recognised :

a. P. passerina passerina (Linn.) Had. Ceara, N.E. Brazil.

b. P. passerina vivida Ridgw. llab. Eastern Brazil from Bahia to Santa

Catharina, thence westwards through S. Paulo to Paraguay.

I have not sufficient material before me to form an opinion about the

distinctness of these two forms. Two S S ad. from Ceara in Count Berlepsch's

collection are certainly more yellowish green on the back and more yellowish on

the front and sides of the head than any other specimen I have seen, with the

exception of the type of P. Javescens Salvad. (ex Bolivia), which is obviously

identical with P. p. passerina as restricted by Mr. Ridgway (Proc. U.S. Mas. x.

}). 538). Though the distribution (N.E. Brazil and Bolivia) might at first appear

extraordinary, it would not be the only instance of a species ranging from the

campos of Eastern Bolivia through the dry districts of the interior of Brazil to

the north-eastern provinces ; for I have lately ascertained— by direct comparison of

the types— that Xothura marmorata Gray (ex Bolivia) is the same as N. boraquira

(Spix) of Bahia and Piauhy* Yet the examination of a good series of fresh skins

from Bolivia and Ceara may prove P. p. passerina and P.Jtavescens to be

separable.

* See my revision of Spix' types, p. 705,

(87 )

Ridgway {I.e.) states that he has seen specimens from Para of trne P. p.

passerina, but as no Psittacula has been found recently in this district, the locality

requires confirmation.

Of P. p. vivida I have examined fifty specimens in the Mnsenms of Triug,

Vienna, Berlepsch and Munich : from Bahia, Rio, S. Paulo, Santa Catharina and

Paraguay.

c. P. passerina crassirostris Tacz.

Hab. Northern Peru : Yurimagnas (Stolzniann), Samiria and Nauta(Hanxwell).

N.W. Brazil : Teffe, on the Rio SolimOes (Hofl'manus).

c? ad. Differs from P. p. passerina and P. p. vivida by its larger and higher

bill, shorter wings, and by having the rump, axillaries, and under wing-coverts

rather lighter blue, more " ultramarine blue " (Ridgw. Nomencl. ix. 9) instead of

smalt blue (Ridgw. ix. 8).

? ad. Characters given above.

Three S <S from Samiria and Nauta, Pern, measure as follows : wing 80J,

78, 77 ; tail 38, 37, 38 mm.

d. P. delieiosa Ridgw.

Hab. Lower Amazons : Santarem (Riker, Garbe) ; Obidos (Hoffmanns).

d ad. Easily knowu from the three preceding forms by having the lower back

and rump light emerald green, tinged with delicate nile-blne on the anterior

portion. Upper tail-coverts much more yellowish green ; greater upper wing-

coverts delicate nile-blue, passing into ultramarine blue along the shaft (instead

of being uniform ultramarine). Axillaries and under wing-coverts considerably

darker, intense hyacinth-blue. Secondaries ultramarine blue, narrowly edged

with light green on the apical half of the outer web (as in P. p. passerina and

P. p. vivida). Wing 79 ; tail 40 mm.

¥ ad. (No. 3418 Mus. Paulista, Santarem, January 1903. E. Garbe coll.).

Differs from the ¥ ¥ of P. p. vivida only by its smaller size. Wing 77 ;

tail 39 mm.

Material : 1 S ad., Obidos ; 1 ? , Santarem. For the loan of the ? I am

much indebted to Prof. H. von Ihering, of S. Panlo.

e. P. guianensis gaianensis (Sws.).

Agajmmis guianensis Swainson, Anim. in Menag. p. 320 (1838 — Demarara).

Hab. British Guiana : Demerara (Swainson), Annai (Whitely) ; Surinam :

near Paramaribo (Chunkoo coll.).

3 ad. Like P. delieiosa, with the axillaries and under wing-coverts intense

hyacinth-blue, but differing at a glance by haviug the lower back and rump pure

emerald green (without any nile-blue tinge), the greater upper wing-coverts glaucous

green, and the secondaries dull bluish green (instead of bright ultramarine blue).

Wing 78—83; tail 41—43 mm.

¥ ad. Not distinguishable from that of P. delieiosa.

Wing 78—80 ; tail 39— 40A mm.

Material : 3 S cf ad., 1 $ jnv., 2 ¥ ¥ from Surinam in the Tring Museum ;

1 $ ad., Auuai, Brit. Guiana (H. H. Whitely, jr., coll.), in British Museum.

The $ ad. from British Guiana has, like those from Surinam, all the under

wing-coverts and axillaries uniform hyacinth blue, and it seems to me, therefore,

extremely doubtful whether the locality of the Esseqnibo specimen in the American

( 88)

Museum of New York, mentioned by Ridgway (/'roe. U. S. Nat. M^ns. x. p. 544)

as agreeing with the types of P. mridissima Lafr. (from Caracas), is reliable.

f, P. guianensis cyanochlora Haiti.

PtiUacvia cyanochlora Hartlaub, P.Z.S. 1885. p. 615 (Rio Branco).

Hab. Forte do S. Joaquim, on the apper Jtio Branco, North Brazil (Natterer).

cT ad. Differs from that of the foregoing form ouly by its smaller and weaker

bill and by having the under-snrface as well as the lower back and rump decidedly

more yellowish green.

Wing Si i, 81 ; tail 40, 41 mm.

? ad. Differs from that of P. g. guianensis only by its smaller bill. — Wing 78 ;

tail 4(H mm.

Material: 2 c?c? ad., 2 ?? from S. Joaqnim, Rio Branco, in the Vienna

Museum. I am much indebted to Dr. von Lorenz for sending me these valuable

specimens.

A larger series might perhaps prove this form to be inseparable from e, but for

the present it must be maintained as distinct.

g. P. guianensis mridissima Lafr.

Ptittacula viridunma Lafresnaye, See. Mug. Zool. 1848. p. 172 (Caracas).

Hob. Venezuela : from Cumana to Caracas, south to the Orinoco valley

(Altagracia, Cindad Bolivar) ; Northern Colombia : Valle Dnpar and Valencia in

the plains south of the Sierra de Santa Marta.

S ad. Differs at once from all the preceding forms by having the under wing-

coverts aud axillaries glaucous green except a patch of dark hyacinth blue on

the under secondary coverts. Otherwise it agrees with the $ of P. g. guianensis,

the greater upper wing-coverts being glaucous green, the secondaries dull greenish

blue towards the base, and the rump bright emerald or Paris green.

Wing 78—84 ; tail 37—44 mm.

? ad. Not different in coloration from that of P. g. guianensis, but averaging

rather larger.

Wing 79—84 ; tail 41—40 mm.

Material: 12 £3, 4 ¥ ¥ from the state of Cumana; 3 S <$ ad., 1 c? jnv.,

6 ? ? from Altagracia and Cindad Bolivar, Orinoco, all in the Tring Museum.

1 cT ad., Carupano, Cumana (Goering coll.), a series of so-called " Orinoco " or

" Trinidad " skins, and 3 o J ad. from Valencia ami Valle Dupar, North Colombia

(Simons coll.), iu the British Museum.

Twenty-five adult males show the coloration of the under wing-coverts as

described above, only in one specimen from Valle Dnpar the outer under wing-

coverts are also suffused with hyacinth blue, the tips of the feathers being,

however, glaucous green. The locality " Trinidad " rests on trade skins only, aud

as no Psittacula has been found on the island by any of the recent travellers, it is

more than doubtful.

In'.'. Brotogeris sanctaethomae (P. L. S. Mull.)

Pliitacut ft. ihmmie. P. L. S. Mailer, Natursysl. Sitppl. p. HI ( 1770.— ex Daubenton, PI. oil. 456, fig. 1.

— " Insel St. Thomae." — errore ! We substitute Brazilian Amazon* as the typical locality).

Brotngerys (sic) tut auct.

Nos. 814, 813, 854. S ? ¥ : 13, 13, 10. vi. 00. " Iris yellowish white, feet

greyish yellow, bill pale brown."

( 89 )

These specimens agree well with an adult g from Nauta, N.E. Peru, collected

by Ilauxwell. None of them has a yellow streak behind the eye.

110. Pionites leucogaster xanthomerius (Scl.)

IPrittacut leucogaster (Illiger MS.) Kuhl, Consp. Psitt. p. 70. [1820.—" Brasilia"].

Caica xanthomeria (G. R. Gray MS.) Solater, P.Z.S. 1857. p. 2C6 (Rio Javari).

No. 706. c? ad., 24. v. 00. " Iris yellowish red, feet and bill greyish white." —

Wing 143; tail 81 mm.

This bird differs from our series of P. I. leucogaster (Kuhl) of Para by having

the flanks and thighs bright yellow (instead of green). The tail feathers are also

yellow, except the basal half of the middle pair. A specimen from the Rio Jama

in Count Berlepsch's collection has the base of all rectrices green, only the tips

being yellow, while in the typical specimens from the Rio Javari the tail is

green as in P. I. leucogaster.

P. I. xanthomerius replaces the latter form on the middle Amazons and its

southern tributaries, and is, therefore, more properly called by a trinomial

appellation.

111. Asturina nitida (Lath.)

Falco nitidus Latham, Ind. Orn. i. p. 41 (1790. — "Cayana").

No. 823. ? ad., 14. vi. 06. " Iris brown, feet yellow, bill black."

Less closely barred with grey on the lower parts than several specimens from

Surinam.

112. Rostrhamus sociabilis (Vieill.)

Herpetoikeres sociabilis Vieillot, Nouv. Diet, xviii. p. 318 (1817. — ex Azara no. 16. — Corrientes,

between 27° and 30° south latit.) ; cfr. Hellmayr, Abhandl. a kail. Wissensch. Miinchen 1906,

p. 509 note.

No. 706. ? jnv., 27. v. 00. " Iris dark red, feet yellowish grey, bill black,

cere whitish yellow."

This bird belongs to the long-tailed species with the base of the rectrices,

upper and under tail-coverts white.

Although Azara describes only the young bird, there can be no doubt that

the name II. sociabilis refers to this species, this being proved by an adult from

Corrientes, coll. D'Orbigny, in the Paris Museum (cfr. my remarks I.e.).

113. Pisorhina choliba crucigera (Spix).

[Strix choliba Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. vii. p. 39 (1817.- ex Azara No. 48.— Paraguay).]

Strix crucigera Spix, Av. Bras. i. p. 22. tab. ix. (1824.—" juxta flumen Araazonum ").

No. 743. Adult (not sexed), 2. vi. 06. " Iris brown, feet and bill greyish

yellow."

On the geographical races of this species cfr. my revision of Spix' types)

p. 575.

114. *Porzana hauxwelli Scl. & Salv.

Porzam hauxwelli Sdater & Salviu, Exotic Ormth. p. 105, tab. liii. (18C8. — Pebas, Peru).

No. 724. ? ad., 31 v. 06. " Iris dark red, feet reddish yellow, bill black."—

Wing 01 ; tail 25 ; tarsus 35J j bill 20 mm.

( 90 )

This specimen agrees well with others from the Peruvian Amazons except in

being a very little smaller. The Tring Museum possesses also one Bogota skin,

which differs from the Amazonian one by being more brownish green on the back,

and by the brighter ferruginous ground-colour of the abdomen with the cross-bands

broader and of a deeper black. These, however, are uot likely to be constant

differences. These two specimens extend the range of the species considerably to

the north and east.

New to the Brazilian fauna.

115. Creciscus exilis exilis (Temm.)

Rallus exilis Temminck, Ree. Pi Col. livr. 87. pi. 523 (1831. — "envoye au Muse'e de Paris par

M. Martin,'' no locality given. We substitute Cayenne, whence Martin sent many birds to the

Paris Museum).

Nos. 816, 907. c?c? ad.. 13, 20. vi. 06. " Iris red or yellowish red, feet brown,

bill black or blackish grey." — Wing 74, 75 ; tail 35 ; bill 18, 19i mm.

These two birds differ from a Merida specimen by their much stronger and

longer bills, longer tail, darker sepia-brown back, smaller chestnut patch on the

nape, and more cinereous foreneck. With the scanty material at my command I

cannot say whether these differences are of any importance, nor whether the birds

from Teffe or that from Merida represents typical C. exilis. This question can only

be decided by the examination of a series from Cayenne.

Rallus cinereus Vieill.,* quoted iu the Cat. of Birds as a synonym of C. exilis,

can scarcely belong here, no mention being made of the large chestnut rufous nape

patch.

110. Aramides cajanea (P. L. S. Mull.)

Fuliea cajanea P. L. S. Miiller, Natursyst. Suppl. p. 119 (1776.— ex Daubenton, PI. enl. 352. —

Cayenne).

No. 797. ? imm., 10. vi. 06. "Iris yellow, feet light red, bill greyish green."

Agreeing with specimens from various localities of northern South America.

There is a dull rufescent brown patch on the occiput. Cfr. my revision of

Spix' types, pp. 712-13, where I have pointed out that A. cayanea (sic) and

" snbsp. A. chirieote" of the Cat. of Birds are based on individual variation, the

presence or absence of the brown patch on the occiput being of no geographical

significance.

117. Crypturus cinereus (Gm.)

Cfr. Nov. Zuol. xiii. (1906) p. 385.

No. 880. ? , 22. vi. 06. " Iris yellow, feet brown, bill brown."

This specimen does not differ in coloration from Guiana and Surinam skins,

and seems, therefore, to belong to typical C. cinereus, described from Cayenne.

An adult ? from Maipures, Orinoco, is much paler and more rufescent brown

everywhere.

118. Crypturus brevirostris (Pelz.)

Tinamus brevirostris Pelzeln, Verhandl. zool.bol. Gesellseh. Wien xiii. pp. 1128, 1130.(1863. — Barra

do Rio Negro).

No. 848. ? ad., 17. vi. 06. " Iris brown, feet grey, bill black, below grey."—

Wing 141 ; biU;23jnm.

* iXouv. Diet, xxviii. (1819) p. 65G.

( 91 )

This specimen, which agrees perfectly with von Pelzeln's description, is of

particular interest, proving as it does that C. brevirostris is a very distinct species.

As far as I know, the types collected by Natterer were the only examples in .

existence.

Onr Teffe' specimen, apparently an adult bird, differs from a large series of

C. rariegatus (Gm.) from British Guiana, Caura and Para by its considerably

shorter wings and much smaller, shorter bill. Besides this, there are very striking

differences in coloration. The top of the head, which is uniform slate-black in

C. variegatus, is chestnut rufous, each feather with two black cross-bands ; lores

and all the sides of the head are bright ferruginous (instead of blackish slate-

colour) ; the sides of the breast and abdomen, instead of being broadly barred with

black, show but a few narrow cross-lines, the lower flanks alone being regularly

banded. The chest is distinctly paler ferruginous than in C. rariegatus ; the back

including uropygium and upper tail-coverts is pale olive-brown with broad black

bands (instead of black with numerous, narrow ochreons cross-lines as in the allied

species) ; the ochreons bars on the upper wing-coverts are three to four times

broader, being about 3 to 5 mm., while in C. rariegatus they are not more than

1 mm. wide.

In other respects, particularly in the pale brown legs and in the deep rufons

colour of the hindneck, sides of the neck and jngnlum, C. brevirostris agrees with

C. variegatus. Even young birds of the latter species are much larger than the

? from Teffe, from which they differ — in addition to the characters given above

— by the presence of white spots on the foreneck and upper wing-coverts.

For the sake of comparison I append the measurements of several skins of

C. variegatus.

Six adults from British Guiana and Caura Valley : wing 100 — 162 ; bill

29—33 mm.

Two young birds from British Guiana and Para : wing 159, 158 ; bill 30,

32 mm.

(92)

NEW SPHINGIDAE.

T.Y the Hox. WALTER ROTHSCHILD and K. JORDAN.

1. Clanis stenosema spec. nov.

?. Near C. bilineata Walk. (lSGfi). Body deeper ochraceons below. Mid- and

hindtibiae white above as in bilineata, spurs also as in that species.

Wings, above. — Pale costal space of forewing much longer than in bilineata,

extending basad to near the first line, and its distal edge being also more

oblique and more straight than in bilineata ; grey snbapical patch larger than

in bilineata. Hindwing centrally broadly black from base to near apex, costal

margin pale Imff, abdominal margin buff, distal margin brownish tawny-ochraceous.

Underside.— Oblique apical line of forewing more straight than in bilineata;

besides the Mack streak situated behind cell there is an ill-defined black patch upon

the cross-veins ; the three vestigial discal lines more oblique than in bilineata.

Tenth abdominal tergite as in bilineata, the two lobes rather broader.

Vaginal armature also almost the same as in that species, postvagiual plate

feebly rounded in middle ; a small tubercle in front of vaginal oriBce.

Length of forewing : TO — 73 mm.

J/ab. Kalim Bnngo, Nias (R. Mitschke).

2 ? ?.

2. Polyptychic calcareus spec. nov.

cT. Body fawn-colour, sides of palpi ami head chestnut. Palpi long, rounded

at apex, the joint slightly open. Tongue long and strong. Tibiae spinose ; foretibia

with several prolonged spines at the apex ; spurs of mid- and hindtibiae very long,

the long apical one of hindtibia surpassing the tibia in length ; first hindtarsal

segment twice as long as the tibia. Numerous spines at the apices of the

abdominal tergites.

Wings, upper side. — Forewing dark fawn-colour ; a slight stigma and a faint

snbapical patch blackish ; distal margin sinuate below apex, then evenly rounded,

hindmargin slightly sinuate before angle. Hindwing salmon-buff, distal margin

washed with blackish brown.

Underside salmon-buff, washed over with brown ; apical third of forewing

blackish brown, this area gradually shading off. Cell of hindwing about one-third

the length of the wing, cross-veins oblique, the lower angle of cell being acute,

R- from centre.

Genitalia : Tenth tergite very broad, hardly narrowing apicad, apex bisinuate,

with the lateral angles produced into a black, obtuse lobe each ; tenth sternite a

very low ridge which appears sinuate on account of the edge being centrally bent

upwards. No friction-scales. Harpe only slightly Darrowing apicad, the apex

obtuse, bent dorsad, the dorsal edge feebly dentate, the proximal dorsal corner

bearing a large tooth. Penis-sheath without free external process, but with a

patch i>f thorn-like teeth all pointing towards the right-hand side; a spinose

process within the sheath.

(93)

Length of forewing : 30 rum.

Ilab. Masasi, German East Africa, January — February 1905.

1 <?.

The scaling of the specimen has much suffered. It is therefore possible that

well-preserved individuals may be somewhat different in colour from the one here

described. The enormous tibial spurs and the long first hindtarsal segment are

very striking characteristics, by which calcareus will easily be recognised.

3. Likoma creuata spec. nov.

tj. Body and wings grey-buff, forecoxa, metauotum and underside of head

mummy-brown. Paronychium with two slender lobes on each side. Tongue

vestigial. Lines of forewing, above, umber-brown, not sharply marked ; four in

proximal half, the interspace between the third and fourth partly filled in with

brown, a small stigma on cross-veins ; three lines on disc, the first and third

consisting of half-crescents which are open proximally, the second discal line

broad, band-like, ill-defined ; a triangular distal marginal patch mummy-brown,

widest costally at SC3, its proximal edge almost straight ; a small apical dot and

a hindmarginal one also murnmy-brown, the latter preceded by a black-brown dot ;

fringe chestnut. Apex of hindwiug rounded, the fringe white, chestnut at the

veins, a bar before anal angle chestnut, proximally bordered with white-grey ; an

indistinct patch at abdominal margin brown.

Underside. — Forewing russet in proximal half ; three lines of half-crescents

on disc, the central one broader and less distinct than the others, marginal patch

much paler than above, extended to costal margin, where it is widest. Hindwing

with three lines between tip of cell and margin, curved like the latter, composed

of half-crescents ; anal angle chestnut.

Tenth tergite broad proximally, prolonged into a slightly spatulate process,

which is broader than in Likoma apicalis and pointed ; sternite very broad,

emarginate, the angles very strongly rounded. Gasper with small patch of

friction-scales which are mostly bidentate, not differing much from the other

scales of the clasper except in being smaller and of a brownish tint ; ventral

edge of clasper sinuate below apex ; harpe extending to near this sinus, triangular,

with a short, obtuse, free tip. Penis-sheath without free apical process, with a

rather large patch of small teeth instead.

Length of forewing : 25 mm.

Ilab. Megaua, British East Africa, August 6th, 1S96 (C. S. Betton).

1 cJ.

4. Chromis meeki spec. nov.

c??. Close to C. keliodes Meyr. (1889). Frons the same colour as occiput

and thorax, not paler, and first segment of palpus the same colour as secoud.

Underside of body more uniformly testaceous-red. The two subbasal lines of

forewing less straight ; hindniargiu narrowly blackish brown. Extreme base of

hindwiug black, marginal baud strongly augulate before centre ; no semidetached

spot before anal angle.

The upperside of forewing in fresh specimens of 8 green, in S brown flashed

with olive.

( 94)

flab. Biagi, Upper Mambare River, British New Guinea, end of January to

April 1906 (A. S. Meek).

A series.

C. heliodes occurs also in the same locality.

5. Panacra pulchella spec. nov.

3 ■ Head yellowish green, a dorso-lateral line, two spots on frons, and a central

white-bordered spot on occiput green-black ; thorax yellowish green, with green-

black and grey stripes ; two bright creamy lines at side ; abdomen dorsally

green-black, along centre two grey lines, from which emanate oblique grey or

yellowish lines ; side of abdomen proximally greenish yellow, blackish on fourth

segment, variegated with tawny, white, and yellowish green scales on segments

5 to 7. Underside of body pure white centrally ; a brown mesial line on segments

2 to 5 of abdomen, the line widened at apex of each segment.

Wings, above. — Fore wing black-green, the interspaces between the lines paler

green ; a conspicuous creamy line parallel to costal margin, touching lower angle

of cell, not reaching apex of wing or base, giving off two spurs on costal side ;

a halfmoon on cross-veins also creamy ; a snbmarginal greenish creamy line

touching margin at apex, and a similar postdiscal line which neither reaches

costal nor inner margin. Hindwing orange-red, with a black distal border;

fringe greenish cream between the veins as on forewing.

Underside. — Forewing orange-red from base to disc ; stigma black, on disc

a creamy angled- shaped sj>ot corresponding to the distal portion of the central

line of npperside ; distal area brown, scaled green, especially at costal and near

distal edge ; some creamy postdiscal spots and a row of buff admargiual ones.

Hindwing greyish green, irrorated with black ; a dot each at base of cell and at

upper angle white ; costal edge huffish yellow ; a broad stripe in front of abdominal

margin extending from base to distal edge orange-red ; an indistinct median line

black ; an ill-defined submargiual baud of blackish and orange-red spots.

Length of forewing : 30 mm.

Hab. Biagi, Upper Mambare River, British New Guinea, 5000 ft., March 1906

(A. S. Meek).

4 33.

Nearest to P. micholitzi R. & J. (1893), which Mr. Meek also obtained at the

same place.

6. Hippotion chloris spec. nov.

3. Body above green, below grey washed with green ; segments 4 to 6 of

abdomen with two white glossy apical dots on each side. Segments 1 and 2

of palpus laterally convex.

Wings, above. — Forewing washed with green, the lines green, nearly the same

as in II. celerio L. (1758), but the discal ones less longitudinal ; three inner lines

on disc separated from the outer lines by a pale green interspace corresponding to

the silvery band of celerio, the line extending from the apex of wing to the inner

margiu more or less black, ending in a black spot ; marginal band greyish irrorated

with black ; distal edge undulate ; costal edge the same colour as distal margin. ■

Hindwing more extended black than in celerio, a discal band and a longitudinal

streak behind cell, uniting before anal angle, ochraceous buff ; black submargiual

band continuous with the blackish abdominal border.

(95)

Underside as in celerio, but washed with green, and the ground-colour only

very slightly reddish on forewing and without a red tint on hindwing.

Length of forewing : 28 mm.

Hab. Njoro, British East Africa (A. T. Cholmley).

1 S in the British Museum (the six other species here described are in the

Tring Musenm).

The specimen stands intermediate between Hippotion and Basiothia. It has

the look of being a hybrid between H. celerio and B. medea. But as the hindwing

is more extended black than in either species, and as there is no trace of yellow

in the basal area of the underside of the forewing, we believe H. chloris to be an

independent species.

7. Rhagastis rubetra spec nov.

(??. Third segment of palpus triangular, as in R. acuta Walk. (1856), the

apical tnft both on the outer and inner surface longer than in that insect. Centre

of head and thorax and the markings of forewing, on upperside, mummy-brown.

Underside of wings and sides of breast ferruginous ; underside of abdomen pinkish.

Wings, above. — Forewing similar to that of R. velata Walk. (1866), the

markings prominent ; three subbasal lines, more or less coufluent, the interstices

being filled in with mummy-brown, a patch distally of apex of cell, followed before

inner margin by some clots representing lines ; halfway between this patch and

apex a large costal patch composed of three lines with the interstices partly filled

in, these lines continued by some dots situated on the veins, more numerous and

merged together at sinus of inner margin ; snbmarginal area more evenly greyish

than in velata, the distal edge of wing and fringe mummy-brown. Hindwing

brown, a small, ill-defined patch near anal angle clayish ; fringe white between

the veins.

Underside as in R. acuta, deeper ferruginous.

Clasper of <? with two or three large friction-scales. Penis-sheath without

free processes ; on left side an oblique row of small teeth.

Hab. Nias.

One pair.

(96)

TROIDES ALEXANBRAE spec. nov.

By the HON. WALTER ROTHSCHILD, l'n.U

Mli. A. S. MEEK has added another very interesting discovery to the

many made by him in the Papuan Subregion. In January 1906, while

travelling from the north-east coast of British New Guinea inland to the head-

waters of the Mambare River, he met with a species of Troides unknown to him,

ami obtained a single ?, which he sent me. Mr. Meek remarked in his letter

that the insect reminded him very much of Troides victoriae from the Solomon

Islands. It is indeed a new species, standing intermediate between Troides

victoriae and Troides titkonus, thus bridging over the gulf that separated T. victoriae

from T. titkonus, T. priamus, T. goliatk, aud T. ckimaera.

?. Body as in T. titkonus. Wings more elongate than in that species. On

forewing a small patch of white streaks in cell, and two parallel rows of white

spots on disc ; the proximal row consists of six spots, extending from R1 to SM-,

the first two and the last spot small, the other three arrowhead- or wedge-shaped,

spot M1 — M- being the largest, measuring 9 mm. in length, and 4i mm. in width ;

the spots of the distal row are all small, the first standing in the subcostal fork;

there is also a long streak of rather dispersed white scales before the subcostal

fork ; vein SO3 stands proximally of apex of cell, the stalk of SO1-5 is longer

than in T. titkonus : the upper angle of cell is obtuse, R1 standing nearer lower

than upper angle ; fringe spotted white from R2 backwards. Hindwing : SCJ

not quite so far distal as M2; a small spot in cell and seven large jiatches on

disc grey-white, slightly yellow on upperside, distinctly yellow distally on under-

side ; these patches separated from each other by broad black lines situated on

the veins and joining the black marginal band, the distal half of the wing appearing

grey-white streaked with black ; the patches bear each a round black spot, except

the first, second, aud sixth, in which the spot is vestigial or missing.

Mr. Meek intends going again to the country where he found this female,

and we hope that he will succeed in obtaining a good series of both sexes. The

male was seen by him high in the air, but he could not get it. It had elongate

wings like the female.

On account of the relationship of this new species with Troides victoriae we

think the name alexandrae to be very appropriate.

There is possibly another species of Troides in existence in New Guinea, an

insect standing in between T. paradisea aud T. goliatk, with the hindwing of the

male less reduced than in T. paradisea.

(97 )

NEW DBEEANUEIDAE, THYRIEIDAE, VEANIIDAE AND

GEOMETBIDAE FROM DRITISH NEW GUINEA.

By W. WARREN, M.A., F.E.S.

THE insects here described were collected by A. S. Meek at Biagi (= Biaghi),

on the Upper Mambare, River, at an altitude of 5000 ft., from the end

of January to April 1906. The Mauibare River flows from the Owen Stanley

Range north-eastwards.

Family DBEPANULIDAE.

1. Callidrepana discipunctata Warr.

The S of this species is dark fulvous brown, thickly sprinkled with lustrous

scales, especially before outer line, which is deep olive-brown edged by a lustrous

line; a marginal lustrous line; a row of small snbmarginal brown dots on veins;

the inner line is sometimes fairly plain, slender and dark brown.

Hindimng: with the costal half always yellowish.

One specimen has a large cloudy black-brown blotch towards the end of

cell of forewing, while two others have the ground-colour paler brown.

Expanse of wings : 40 mm.

8 (?<J along with 2 ? ? as large and pale as the type.

2. Holoreta cervina spec. nov.

Forewing : fawn-colour with a decided olive tinge, with short transverse

dark strigae ; no inner line, but a brown costal spot at two-fifths ; a red-brown

oblique line, faintly curved from apex to middle of inner margin, preceded on

costa by a short dark streak ; the apex in one example filled with black scales ;

fringe black-brown ; a white dot at middle and lower end of discocellular.

Ilindwing : costal area pinkish ; the brown line crossing at one-third ;

discal dots and fringe as in forewing.

Underside bright red, yellowish towards costa of forewing, with some dark

scales between the veins ; the line thick and black, externally grey-edged in

upper half of forewing ; hindwiug with the line nearly central, and the spots

between veins stronger.

Face, pectus, and forelegs bright scarlet ; vertex brownish ; thorax olive

fawn-colour, the shoulders pale grey ; abdomen olive fawn with a reddish tinge ;

underside and legs scarlet.

In the smaller & the underside of forewing is suffused with black ; in the

¥ the red tints of the underside show through and almost obliterate the olive

tinge of the upperside.

Expanse of wings : S 40 — 48 mm. ; ¥ 48 mm.

2 <?<?, 1 ?.

Nearest to //. unilinea Warr. from Ron Island.

7

( 98 )

3. Oreta patiens Warr.

The ? of this species is evidently very variable iu coloration, though constant

in size and markings. The original ?, described in Nov. Zool. xiii. p. 62 (1906),

is dull greyish olive freckled with darker; of 4 ? ? lately received from Biagi,

not one agrees with the typical form ; two are ranch paler, yellowish olive,

with the Hues reddish brown, and the hindwing pinkish-tinged ; the third is

dull reddish, with a blackish, red-edged line and dark speckling towards apex,

the hindwing being deep red; the fourth alone is nearest the type in coloration,

being uniform dark olive-brown, with the lines hardly visible, the hindwing

brownish ochreous, greyer towards base.

The 2 <?<? received with the ? ? scarcely differ from the type £.

4. Oreta sulphurata spec. nov. ami ab. fasciata nov. and ab. obsoleta nov.

5. Foreioing : pale yellow; the base of costa reddish ; two pale brown lines

from inner margin to vein 6 and the subcostal veiu, oblique outwards parallel

to outer margin, at one-half and three-fourths, the outer curving outwards above ;

outer margin purplish grey, widening downwards, edged by a brown submargiual

line, which on veins 2 and 3 forms a small black-brown pink-edged blotch, and

a smaller one on inner margin; fringe dark brown.

Hindwing : with the two brown lines from one-fourth and one-half, not

reaching above cell; apex with a slight purplish grey tinge ; fringe brown above,

yellow below, middle.

Underside without lines; base of costa bright red; the marginal border

dark brown edged inwardly with orange-red, very slight in hindwing.

Face, pectus, and forelegs deep red ; vertex, thorax and abdomen yellow.

In the second <^, ab. fasciata, the interval between the lines is rilled up

with pinkish brown, forming a central fascia stopping short at the cell in both

wings, and showing a pale cell-spot in forewing ; in the third, ab. obsoleta,

only the outer of the two Hues is visible, and the marginal blotch is obsolete

above middle of forewing, pinkish brown below, and at apex of hindwing ; the

black spots absent.

?. Foreioing: greyish pink with an olive tinge; the lines purplish, reaching

costa ; the first curved inwards to one-fourth of costa, the second curving into

apex ; the first edged inwardly, the second more plainly outwardly with yellowish ;

no marginal shade, but the two spots purplish on veins 2 and 3.

Hindwing : with costal area yellowish ; the lines straight, not marked

above cell.

Underside deep yellow ; the base of costa, the outer line, and a marginal

shade red ; in the hindwing the outer line is red, and the outer margin reddish

tinged.

Thorax and abdomen concolorous with wings ; the rest as in the $ .

In both sexes, but more plainly in the ?, the forewing bears a horizontal

yellow streak from line to line between veins 6 and 7.

Expanse of wings : £ 26 mm. ; ? 30 mm.

3 cf<J, 1 ?.

Apparently the representative in New Guinea of the Queensland species

pusilla 6, roseola ?, and fuscimaryo ?, which will probably prove to be, as in

the present case, forms of one species.

( 99 )

5. Peridrepana verticata spec. nov.

Forewing : white, semitransparent ; crossed by five grey bands, all nearly

parallel to the outer margin, and marked on the veins with darker grey linear

dashes ; two antemedian, of which the basal is very obscure ; one postmedian,

broadest of all ; two submarginal, the outer of which is a lunulate-deutate line,

with the teeth touching the grey marginal line ; fringe grey ; discocellular

marked by a white crescent with some grey scaling round it ; costal edge yellow.

Hindwing : with all the bauds present ; the last three meeting at anal angle.

Underside white ; costa of forewing yellow.

Head, thorax, and abdomen white ; upper part of face, vertex, antennae,

and forelegs brownish ferruginous.

Expause of wings : £ 30 mm. ; ¥ 35 mm.

A series of c?c? and 1 ?.

In forewing 9, 10, 11 are stalked and G, 7, 8 also stalked from the depressed

end of cell, 11 leaving areole at one-half, 10 just before end, 9 anastomosing

with 8 ; in hindwing vein 7 from abont one-half of cell anastomoses strongly

with 8 ; tongue and frenulum present ; antennae bipectinate ; hindtibiae with

two spurs.

6. Teldenia illunata spec. nov.

Forewing: shining white; costal edge greyish ochreous ; beyond the middle

a nearly vertical double grey lnnnlate-dentate line, of which the inner arm is

slightly the darker ; sometimes this line seems to run quite straight to costa,

at others to be incurved to a small dark spot ; a single grey submarginal line

indented between veins 5 and 6 and again between 2 and 3 ; grey or blackish

marginal spots between veins, sometimes absent ; fringe white beyond a very fine

grey marginal line.

Hindwing : like forewing.

Underside white ; costa of forewing ochreous.

Head, thorax, and abdomen white; face brownish grey; palpi and lower

part of face deep brown.

Expause of wings : 26 mm.

3 <?t?,4 ??.

7. Tridrepana fulvata ab. olivacea Warr.

The ? of this aberration is uniform fawn-colour, with the lines a little

darker, and with an olive-brown blotch at lower end of cell round the lower

white spot of discocellular; the three or four black submarginal spots below

apex conspicuous.

Expanse of wings : 45 mm.

1 ?, with a long series of c?c?, all with dark central fascia and hindmargin.

Along with them came also a long and beautiful series of the ab. fasciata,

all being c? <S but one.

8. Urogonodes colorata spec. nov.

(?. Forewing i olive brown, the lines and shades dark purplish brown; the

scales whitish at their tips, giving a frosted appearance to the wing, especially

in outer half; three dark brown costal spots, from which the lines rise; the

( 100)

inner and median bent in cell, then thickened and forming a blotched space to

inner margin ; outer angled acutely on 6, then inwardly oblique ; all very obscure ;

cell-spot of lustrous scales edged with brown; a red and brown blotch at anal

angle with white scales on it : a patch of white scales beyond angle of outer Hue;

fringe red-brown, with the tips shining white.

Hindwimg; dull red-brown, brighter red towards costa ; traces of two dark

lines from middle of inner margin to middle of wing ; fringe as in forewing.

Underside red ; costa of forewing golden brown ; some pearly scales before

the excision ; traces in both wings of a black blotched outer line.

? redder, with the grouud-eolonr paler olive, especially beyond outer line

towards costa, where the underside bears a large olive yellow blotch.

face, palpi, forelegs, and pectus bright red ; thorax and abdomen con-

colorous with wings in each sex.

Expanse of wings : 30 — 35 mm.

G SS, 2 ? ¥.'

A form of the S occurs in which the whole of the forewing is dull olive or

greyish olive, without any darker shading, the lines hardly marked. The species

is separated from U. scintilla/is, besides its larger size, by the much blunter angle

in the outer margin of hindwing.

9. Urogonodes flavida spec. nov.

Forewing : pale yellow, towards base diffusely pinkish browu ; the inner line

placed as in colorata, red-brown, only distinct at costa; outer line absent except

for a brown spot on costa ; cell-spot as in colorata ; costal area between the two

lines grey-brown ; outer margin with a reddish brown border, broader at apex,

and hardly reaching inner margin ; fringe red-brown.

Hindwing : yellow, with two straight pink lines, antemedian and median,

the interval between them also pink but paler ; a marginal brown-red border.

Underside yellow, with the marginal border of both wings blood-red, and

the base of each wing diffusely of the same colour.

Face and forelegs bright red; vertex brown ; thorax pinkish grey; abdomen

yellow (greased).

Expause of wings : 27 mm.

1 ?.

Family THYRIDID'AE.

10. Addaea fulva spec. nov.

Forewing : ochreous washed with pale fulvous in £, with deep fulvous in ? ,

and covered with fulvous coalescing striae ; a thick oblique fascia from middle

of inner margin to cud of cell, fulvous only in S, dark brown in ¥, obscurely

curved above to a costal triangle; sometimes a faint band between it and outer

margin ; costal edge brownish dotted with pale ochreous ; fringe with basal half

dark brown, apical half paler.

Hindwing : similar, paler, especially towards costa, the striae plainer.

Underside paler, with the striae brown and very concise.

Head, thorax in front, and base of patagia deep fulvous or browu; tips of

ui, metathorax, and abdomen pale ochreous; the dark bar of hindwing

continued across dorsum.

( 101 )

Expanse of wings : 22 mm.

9 <?(?, 8 ? ¥.

Resembles A. striola Feld., but darker in ground-colour ; the apex of forewiug

more acute and outer margin more sinuous.

11. Addaea maculata Warr.

This species was described from a <? only, from the Angabunga River,

British New Guinea (cf. Nov. Zool. xiii. p. 63). From Biagi, Mambare River,

there have now arrived 7 examples, including 2 c?cf, which latter are very different

from the more strongly marked ? ?. The brown central fascia is much thinner,

stopping short at vein 2 ; the bent outer line is fine and brown above middle,

thick and dark brown in the inbent portion below ; the dark brown snbmarginal

line is very fine and hardly visible ; lastly, instead of the grey-brown or black-

brown conspicuous blotch on inner margin, there is a much slighter pale brown

tinge, containing some dark brown striae ; fringe pale brown.

In the hindwing the markings remain as in the ?, but much paler brown.

In size the (J is a little smaller than the ?.

12. Banisia dohertyi ab. longistriata nov.

In Nov. Zool. xii. p. 410 I described an aberration of the $ of this species

from the Solomon Islands, which was distinguished by black transverse markings

on both wiugs ; 1 have now to record an aberration of the ? , which is marked

by a cloudy blackish horizontal streak running from base to outer margin of

forewing along the snbmedian fold.

3 (J cj and 7 ? ? , another ? being an example of the aberration nigriflexa.

13. Banisia lateralis spec. nov.

Forewing : brownish ochreous, with rather deeper brown reticulation, and

with square black blotches; darker basal, antemedian, postmedian, submargiual,

and apical fasciae are visible ; the postmedian forked at middle to inner margin ;

the apical running from costa to middle of outer margin ; this and the lower

half of submargiual and the outer fork of postmedian are marked by black

quadrate spots between veins ; the middle of wing is marked by a large blackish

blotch, filling end of cell and the base of interval between veins 2 and 3 ; fringe

concolorous.

Hindwing : similar ; the middle fascia complete and narrow at inner margin.

Underside with most of the markings repeated, but not the large blotch of

forewing.

Head and shoulders brownish ; thorax, patagia, and abdomen shining

ochreous ; dorsum tinged with brown ; first three segments of abdomen with

square black lateral spots

Expanse of wings : 30 mm.

1 ?.

Perhaps a form of B. ordinaria Warr., but the coloration is different.

14. Banisia vermiculata spec. nov.

Forewing : rnfons ochreous, crossed by numerous closely placed wavy lines

pf pale brick-red, forming slight reticulations, the whole wing uniformly coloured

( 102 )

along the costa can be seen some slight darker spaces indicating the commencement

of fasciae ; fringe dee]) rufous.

Hindwing : with ground-colour paler, especially in costal half of wing.

Underside paler, the eross-lines sparser but plainer.

Head, thorax, and abdomen deep rufous ; anal tuft of 6 pale.

Expanse of wings: 22 mm.

1 3, 1 ?.

15. Herdonia papuensis spec, now

Forewing : glossy whitish, washed with very pale greyish olive, some roundish

spots and elongated blotches above inner margin only remaining white ; in the

imter area beyond two-thirds three darker curved streaks leave the costa, partially

interlaced, with the intervals between them paler, united and narrowed and

hardly darker between 5 and 4, then becoming bifid, the outer part broadening

and ramifying to onter margin between anal angle and vein 3, brown with

dark edging, the intervals paler ; costa at base and towards apex paler, before

apex marked by a long shallow black-brown blotch ; fringe pale olive, with brown

mottling beyond veins 2 and 3.

Hindwing : white, the fringe and extreme outer margin olive ; crossed by

three dark brown lines edged by black-brown ; one close to base, broader and oblique

outwards from vein 1, sinuous; second narrow from before middle of costa to

two-thirds of inner margin, nearly straight, but widened at each end ; third also

narrow, curved from before apiex to anal angle.

Underside like upper, but the markings plainer, the basal line of hindwing

longer.

Face, palpi, and forelegs dark olive-brown ; vertex and shoulders paler olive ;

patagia still paler ; thorax and abdomen shining whitish ; second dorsal segment

with a dark brown baud.

Expanse of wings : 52 mm.

1 ?.

In the forewing veins 7 and 8 are short-stalked; and in hindwing vein 7

rises before the end of cell.

16. Hypolamprus biplagiata spec. nov.

Forewing : dark fulvous, speckled with grey ; costal edge snow-white dotted

with black in basal half, and with a black dash beyond middle ; a row of dark

spots visible above and below the snbmedian fold ; a submargiual curved line of

blackish spots, that above vein 5 large and square, with some black marks

obliquely beyond it towards outer margin ; apical half of outer margin clouded

with dark ; fringe fulvous with black chequering.

Hindwing: with basal area white, streaked with fulvous on inner margin;

outer two-thirds pale fulvous with darker streaks, between vein 2 and anal angle

forming a quadrate deep brown blotch with the edges black; inner margin and

fringe whitish ; fringe brownish, below vein 2 white.

Underside dull fulvous, with transverse spots between the veins, plainest in

the hindwing; forewing with a brown costal >}»>t before middle and a triangular

black, c beyond middle,

( 103 )

Head and prothorax, and the anal half of abdomen fulvous ; patagia. meta-

thorax, and basal segments of dorsum shining whitish.

Expanse of wings : <? 17 mm. ; ? 20 mm.

1 <?, 2 ? ?.

17. Hypolamprus fuliginosa spec. nov.

Forewing : dull smoky black, covered with granular whitish grey spots,

which are really arranged in double lines between the darker fasciae, which are

more or less obscured ; a ferrnginons patch at base in the submedian interval,

and the costa in apical third of the same colour, below which the white spots

are absent ; veins towards onter margin lined with whitish dots ; fringe concolorons.

Hindwing : without any red tint ; the costal area whiter ; the rest of wing

black speckled with white.

Underside black thickly peppered with whitish ; costa of forewing yellow.

Head, thorax, and abdomen black, the dorsum with a strong reddish gloss ;

palpi black, with the extreme tip whitish.

Expanse of wings : 35 mm.

1 ?.

A species of peculiar appearance. The outer margin of hindwing is straight

from vein 7 to anal angle.

18. Hypolamprus grandis spec. nov.

Forewing : flesh-coloured ochreons, the markings deep red-brown ; these

consist of three fasciae, the first broad at base, the second antemedian, nearly

vertical ; the third oblique from beyond middle of inner margin to two-thirds of

costa, where it is broader and forked ; from the outer arm a brown slender streak

runs below costa, curving quite slender to outer margin ; inner margin below

vein 1 red-brown throughout ; the ochreous areas contain traces of very fine

reticulated lines, a connected streak of which from inner margin before anal angle

is often conspicuous ; fringe concolorons ; the cell aud costal area above it, as far

as outer fascia, are overspread with grey scales.

Hindwing : with two red-brown streaks to inner margin at one-third aud

two-thirds.

Underside paler, the markings less brown.

Head and face deep red-brown ; thorax aud patagia grey-brown ; abdomen

red-brown, with the basal segments paler.

Expanse of wiugs : 44 mm.

2 «?<?.

Like //. stylophora Swinh., but immensely larger.

19. Hypolamprus laticosta spec. nov.

Forewing: pale ochreons, with faint pale brownish double or X-shaped short

streaks between veins ; a broad chestnut brown subcostal stripe, the costa itself

paler brown, the costal edge dark with pale ochreons intervals ; a pale brown

obliqne mark near base, a vertical one before middle from median to inner margin,

a lyre-shaped blotch at three-fourths below vein 2, and a rectangular mark before

outer margin lying on vein 5 ; three dark spots at end of cell in a brown shade ;

fringe brown.

( 104 )

Ilindwing : with apex brownish; the other markings as in forewing, but

much fainter.

Underside with the double dark marks very concise and clear, and the intervals

pale ami regular, those of hindwing circular with brown centres ; an oblique black-

brown subcostal streak from apex.

Eead and prothorax dark brown; mctathorax and abdomen pale ochreous,

the latter with a In-own dot on penultimate segment.

Expanse of wings : 22 nun.

■.' Si.

Forewing with blunt subfalcatc apex and outer margin bulged below middle ;

hindwing snbdentate at vein 7.

20. Letchena albicollaris spec, now

An almost exact mimic, of Canaea semitessellata Wlk.; distinguished at once

by the face and shoulders being glossy white, aud also by the costa of forewing

being alternately ochreous and brown, whereas in Walker's species the costa is

uniformly brown ; the antennae, of course, will always separate the two species,

those of Letchena being simple, while those of Canaea are nuipectinate.

3 c?(?, accompanied by 4 <S S of Canaea semitessellata.

21. Letchena composita spec. nov.

Forewing : reddish fulvous, more or less overlaid with grey-brown, and crossed

by short dark reticulations ; a large reddish patch from two-thirds of costa to

beyond cell, outwardly edged by a curved line of darker spots ; below it between

vein 4 and the submedian fold are three hyaline white spots, that between 2 and 3

large and conical in shape ; fringe dark fuscous.

Hindwing : with outer margin and a central fascia broadly grey-brown ;

space on each side of the fascia fulvous yellow, the interval between veins 4 and 5

with five small round white hyaline spots, between 3 and 4 with two, and that

between 2 and 3 with only one spot ; the dark reticulations are plainer than in

forewing ; inner margin and base of costa whitish.

Underside duller ; the hindwing yellower, with a dark central blotch, but no

fascia.

Head and prothorax dark grey-brown ; patagia and abdomen brown and

fulvous red mixed.

Expanse of wings : 40 mm.

1 ?.

Nearest to Letchena uwgitlatu AVarr., but the margin of forewing merely

rounded.

22. Pharambara lucida spec. nov.

Forewing : shining whitish ; the markings pale olive-brown ; basal, antemedian,

and postmedian fasciae all projecting outwards in cell, separated by a pale curved

space with a brownish line in middle ; the projection of the postmedian is prolonged

across snbmarginal fascia to join an oblique coal-black subapical blotch running

to middle of outer margin and followed before apex by a white tadpole-shaped

mark containing a brownish speck ; fringe grey-brown in basal half, paler towards

the tips.

Hindwing: pale ochreous, snlfuse.1 with rufous grey, except towards inner

( 105 )

margin, with three darker fasciae, partly black-dotted, the inner one strongly marked

and narrowed at iuner margin ; the intervals with fine lines.

Underside ochreous tinged with fnlvous ; costa of forewing with regular grey

blotches separated by pale intervals minutely dotted with dark ; along subcostal

vein a fulvous orange stripe and below it in outer half a lustrous silvery stripe

joining the white apical blotch, the outer half of wing above median shining

blackish grey ; the brown fasciae plain only on inner margin ; a black cell-spot

beyond second fascia ; some black and white streaky scales at end of cell, and

beyond it below subcostal vein : hiudwing washed with fulvous; the veins fulvous ;

the fascise brown and broken up.

Head, palpi, forelegs, and shoulders brownisli ; thorax and abdomen shining

ochreous ; patagia grey at base ; dorsum with second segment dark grey, the third

paler but marked with grey in middle ; prae-anal segments fuscous, fulvous at

sides ; anal tufts ochreous.

Expanse of wings : 22 mm.

1 S.

Closely resembling P. nitens Butler, for which it might easily be mistaken.

23. Siculodes rufistrigata spec. nov.

Forewing : whitish, covered with minute rufous vermicnlations ; a red-brown

curved line at one-fourth, indented on median nervure ; a red-brown submarginal

line, thickened at the veins, emitting a spur to outer margin at middle, running

to anal angle and connected inwardly with a furcate mark on snbmedian fold

beyoud middle ; an ocelloid spot at end of cell ; two submarginal dots below apex

and one below vein 4 ; fringe white chequered with rufous ; costal edge red-brown,

dotted with white ; costa grey towards base.

Hindwing : with the red markings thicker and more complicated, forming

four or five partially parallel streaks to inner margin.

Underside whiter, with all the red markings plainer ; costa broadly red-brown

for two-thirds ; subcostal and median veins with shining scales.

Thorax and abdomen white, slightly ringed with rufous ; head wanting.

Expanse of wings : 22 mm.

1 a.

24. Striglina condensata spec. nov.

S. Fore/vim; : yellow, crossed by rows of fulvous spots between the veins ;

the yellow ground-colour is restricted to the basal third of wing and a triangular

patch on costa before apex, the outer two-thirds being suffused with greyish black,

crossed by lines of deeper spots, the grey scales forming a blotch ou inner margin

before anal angle below vein 2 ; a small brown-grey curve close to base and a

dark round spot on snbmedian fold beyond it ; fringe dark grey, fulvous-tinged

beyond vein 5, where the extreme margin itself is also fulvous.

Eindwing : with basal fourth yellow, without the dark curved mark ; the

suffused outer area not so dark and containing a large diffuse fulvous patch below

middle of outer margin, beyoud which the grey fringe is also fulvous ; fringe of

inner margin yellowish.

Underside duller, greyer fulvous, the dark suffusion present only in forewing.

Head, thorax, abdomen, palpi, pectus, and forelegs fnlvous ; abdomen beneath

and the other legs yellow ; penultimate segments of dorsum grey-black ; foretarsi

fuscous.

( 106 )

In the ? the fulvous tints are replaced by fiery red, and all the dark markings

are intenser ; the broad central fascia is flushed with leaden purplish throughout,

and the fringes of both wings are broad and iron-grey ; the apical half of patagia,

the metathorax, and sides of the basal segments of abdomen are all dark instead

of fulvous.

Expanse of wings : J 22 mm.: ? 27 mm.

8 <?<r, i ?.

A small condensed mimic of S. xanthoscia Warr.

25. Striglina costirufata spec. nov.

Forewing : red, like S. reversa and ncintillans, bnt without, the blackish costa ;

crossed by curved rows of deeper spots with slightly paler spaces between them ;

of these rows two basal, two median, and a postmedian are more or less marked

with black, the two median forming a black blotch at inner margin ; costa with

nine black spots ; black dots at ends of veins ; fringe pinkish.

Until wing : similar ; the dark spots less conspicuous ; inner margin and fringe

pale ochreons.

Underside paler, reddish ochreons, with the spots showing deeper ; costa with

the black spots of npperside ; the marginal dots black.

Head, thorax, abdomen, pectus, and forelegs red ; abdomen beneath and legs

ochreons.

Expanse of wings : 23 mm.

2 SS.

20. Striglina dentifascia spec. nov.

Forewing : deep orange-red at base dotted with yellow, crossed by four

curved rows of dark marks ; in the marginal area the orange-red is obscured, except

towards costa, by blackish suffusion ; between them a plumbeous lilac-grey irregular

fascia, its inner margin running from one-third of costa towards middle of inner

margin, above which it crosses to join the outer margin ; this starts from three-fifths

of costa, runs outwards at right angles along vein 5, forming a tridentate projection

towards outer margin, and is then incurved across submedian interval to anal angle ;

the costa above it black and orange-red ; at the end of cell touching the basal area,

of which it seems to form a projection, is an oblong vertical black-edged cell-spot ;

fringe pale grey ; the inner half paler than the outer, but traversed by a dark line.

Hindwing : without the plumbeous suffusion; inner margin and fringe pale

ochreons.

Underside dull rufous, darker along margins before the grey fringes.

Head, palpi, and thorax orange-red ; patagia and dorsum grey, the former

pale ; a red line down middle of dorsum ; alidomen beneath and legs rufous

ochreons.

Expanse of wings : 32 mm.

1 <?.

Evidently representing a third species distinct from condensata and xanthoscia.

27. Striglina ignefissa spec. dov.

Forewing : grey-brown, washed with fiery-red towards base and darkened with

blackish in tin' anal fourth ; the wing is crossed by pale yellow red-edged transverse

streaks, of which a. straight autemedian and curved postmedian are conspicuous,

( 107 )

forming complete lines ; three others near base and one submarginal from costa

to middle are also generally plain ; the rest are broken up into short transverse

dashes ; the median vein throughout and the snbmedian in part are finely yellow;

at the anal angle is a small grey patch on the blackish suffusion ; fringe rnfons

grey, with a slender pale basal line, the basal half darker than the apical.

Hind/ring : with the median vein yellow, and all the streaks partially

fractured ; inner margin and fringe conspicuously pale ochreons.

Underside uniform dnll brownish ochreous, with the streaks fine and pale ;

costa of forewing red at base ; outer half of fringe darker brown.

Pectus, front of forelegs, palpi, head, and prothorax fiery orange ; patagia,

metathorax, and dorsum shaded with brown ; dorsum with a yellow red-edged

central line.

Expanse of wings 24 — 28 mm.

12 <J<J.

28. Striglina metallifera spec. nov.

Forewing : dull greyish fulvous, crossed by curved series of darker spots

between veins bearing specks of shining metallic scales, the veins themselves

slightly paler ; costa diffusely smoky grey-brown ; fringe concolorous, with minute

metallic dots at end of the veins.

Hindwing : similar, but the area above snbmedian fold with a diffuse black

cloud, the inner margin below it and the fringe pale glossy ochreous ; in one

example the black cloud is absent.

Underside pale ochreous, the spots hardly visible, except below costa of

forewing, and the marginal dots.

Head, thorax, and abdomen greyish fulvous ; anal half of dorsum blackish

in the examples which have the black cloud on the hindwing.

Expanse of wings : 22 mm.

3c?(?.

Allied to S. scintillans, but of quite different coloration.

29. Striglina nigripuncta spec. nov.

S. Forewing : greyish straw-colour ; costa with five brown spots, increasing

in size and depth of colour towards apex ; from the third a curved irregularly

edged olive-grey central band descends ; the fourth and fifth are confluent below

costa, giving rise to an interrupted submarginal band ; the whole wing is crossed

by slight grey and brown reticulations ; fringe concolorous.

Hindwing : with the submarginal band narrower but plainer and continuous,

edged by darker reticulations ; above the anal angle in snbmedian interval is a

round black spot.

Underside with the dark markings much clearer.

Head, thorax, and abdomen straw-colour ; palpi dark brown.

? greyer, especially towards outer margin ; the costal spots grey instead of

brown, and the fasciae broken up; a straight grey-brown bar from apex to two-fifths

of inner margin, where it is somewhat broader, continued across hindwing at one-

third from base ; the black spot above anal angle as in the <5 ; the markings of

the underside inconspicuous.

Expanse of wings: (J, 38mm.; ?, 44mm.

4 <S<5, 1 ?.

( 108)

The ? has the apex of forewing produced upwards and pointed, and the anal

angle of both wings prominent. S. variegata Warr., also from New Guinea, to

which it is nearly related, has the costal blotches black and no distinct oblique

bar in the ?.

30. Striglina xanthoscia Warr.

Hitherto cf cJ only of this species have been seen; but now along with 26 S3

there have come 4 j 5 ; these differ from the <$ <$ in coloration and fringe exactly

as the 5 of S. condensate, Warr. differs from its 3, being deep orange-red instead

of fulvous, with the fringe grey and broad, and expanding 32 mm.

Family URANIIDAE.

Subfamily MICRONIINAE.

31. Cyphura albisecta spec. nov.

Forewing : wholly grey-black, the outer half of wing with wavy black striae ;

costa whitish with thick black strignlae ; a straight oblique white band of uuiform

width from two-fifths of costa to fonr-fifths of inner margin; fringe blackish, the

extreme margin of wing being pale.

Hinduting: white, with a black submarginal fascia, very broad at costa,

narrowed below vein 4 to anal angle, the margin white with two black spots below

the tail ; fringe white from vein 6 to 4, elsewhere black with a black marginal line ;

a faint brown curved streak from inner margin above anal angle.

Underside like upper, but the markings of the forewing black.

Vertex, centre of face, and palpi externally black ; the rest white.

Expanse of wings : 48 mm.

1 <?, 1 ?.

32. Cyphura atranientaria spec. nov.

Forewing : smoky-blackish, with a small white triangular space at base, the

upper edge of which runs down the middle of cell to a little beyond the discocellnlar,

where it is bent at right angles and goes straight to two-thirds of inner margiu ;

fringe black.

Bindwing : white with a broad black outer band, the inner edge of which runs

from about middle of costa to inner margin above anal angle, before which it is

slightly curved; outer margin narrowly white from apex, with two large black spots

and traces of another smaller below the tail; a black marginal line except in the

projection above tail ; fringe white above tail, black below.

Underside with the black band of bindwing much broader and touching margin

except between veins 4 and 6, where the fringe also is white.

Vertex, middle of face, and palpi externally black; all the rest of body

white.

Expanse of wings : 44 mm.

3cJc?, 1 ?.

33. Cyphura multistrigaria spec, nov., and ab. dealbata nov.

Forewing : white, with the marginal area from three-fifths of costa to four-

fifths of inner margin smoky grey-brown covered with black strigae, and witli

a cloudy pale space running from below apex to anal angle ; costal area above

( 109 )

middle of cell with long black wavy strigae, the subcostal vein clouded with

brown; two narrow pale brown oblique lines cross the wing from one-third and

one-half (or sometimes two-thirds) to before and beyond middle respectively, both

sometimes partially or entirely obsolescent ; fringe black.

Hindwing : white, with a fuscous black snbmarginal band bent at vein 4 and

narrowed to anal angle ; a straight pale brown line from below one-third of costa

joius it at aual angle ; outer margin white, with two large black spots before tail ;

marginal line black ; fringe white.

Underside like upper, but without any trace of lines.

Vertex and face in middle black ; base of shoulders fuscous ; all the rest

white.

Expanse of wings: S, 48 mm. ; ?, 54 — 60 mm.

id1, 4??.

In the aberration dealbata only the margin is fuscous, the strigae being clear

on a brownish white ground, and the band of hindwing is paler.

34. Cyphura semialba spec. nov.

Forewing : with the basal half white, the outer dull greyish-black, the limiting

line running straight from just before middle of costa to four-fifths of inner margin ;

from one-third of costa an oblique grey bar runs, narrowing and becoming obsolete

before middle of inner margin ; in the smaller specimen this bar is very slight;

costa in basal half white with black striae ; a dark narrow shade before outer

margin ; fringe blackish.

Hindwing : white, with a blackish submarginal border, the inner edge of

which is straight till just before aual angle, above which there is a faint brown

shade ; outer margin white with two large round black spots below tail ; fringe

white, beyond a black marginal line except from 0 to 4.

Underside with the dark areas black, the bar from costa of forewing reduced

to a slight cloud.

Head, thorax, aud abdomen white, only the vertex and centre of face black.

Expanse of wings : 38 — -44 mm.

35. Stesichora zebrata spec. nov.

Forewing : white ; the costa marked with sparse but large black striae ; from

the subcostal vein to inner margin the wing is crossed by six oblique thick brown-

grey stripes of which the first, second, aud fourth are wider than the others, the

sixth being partially sometimes strigose ; marginal line black ; fringe white ; in

the only ? specimen received there is an additional thin line near base.

Hindwing : with four stripes, the first three broad, the fourth strigose, all bent

below middle towards aual angle, where they are joined by a grey streak along

vein 1 ; marginal line black from apex to vein 4, where it is thickened ; three

black spots on margin below tail ; fringe white.

Underside white, the stripes showing through.

Head, except face, thorax, aud abdomen white; face aud palpi externally

black.

Expanse of wings : 60 mm.

4c? cf, 1 ?.

( no )

Subfamily EPIPLEMINAE.

36. Chaetoceras parvidens spec. nov.

Forewing: dull greyish fawn-colour, of the same tint as Chm'tocerns cnxhiaia

(described as an Epiplema), with which it may be easily confounded ; lines often very

indistinct, but marked by black spots between veins, the two on the folds always

more distinct than the others ; the fonr spots from apex distinct ; cell-spot obscnre ;

fringe concolorous.

Hindwing : with the lines also marked by spots, the outer ending in a doable

blotch on inner margin, as in casbiata, and with a pale cell-spot; but the outer

line is farther from outer margin, and the angle at 4 is therefore much more

obtuse ; the spot below lower tooth is a black dot only, not a spot with lustrous

scales, and not showing on the underside ; the teeth at veins 4, 6, 7 are quite

small and blunt.

Underside of forewing grey, of hindwing whitish, both slightly black-speckled.

Face and palpi blackish; thorax and patagia grey like wings; abdomen

paler, with a pair of black spots or a bar at base : vertex and antennal shaft

whitish.

Expanse of wings: 35 mm.; one specimen expands only 30 mm.

4c? cf.

37. Chaetoceras strigulosata spec. nov.

Forewing: bone-colour, tinged with pale olive-grey except along the two folds,

and covered throughout with fine dark grey striae ; inner line marked only by a

Spot on submcdian fold ; traces of a double waved brown outer line at two-thirds,

not reaching above vein 0 ; cell-spot black ; fringe ochraceons, with a slightly

darker marginal line at base ; three or four dark dots from apex to vein 4 before

margin ; costa thickly striated with dark-.

Hindwing : less densely striated, especially in cell, and without the grey

tinge ; the double outer line acutely angled on vein 4 ; a black line from tooth

to tooth ; a brown streak into lower tooth with a dark spot at its base, preceded

by some lustrous scales ; a dark line on discocellular, ending at bottom in a

black spot,

Underside cream-colour, with slight fine speckling, tinged with grey-brown

in forewing at base and along costa.

Face and palpi black ; head, thorax, and abdomen pale ochreotis, the dorsum

with a faint brownish tinge.

Expanse of wings : 3D mm.

6c!c?,4??.

38. Chaetoceras striolata spec. nov.

Forewing : like strigulosata, but larger, the ground-colour whiter, with a slight

brownish not greyish tinge, and striated with brown ; costa with a few striae ;

first line diffuse and obscure, with a brown spot on submedian fold; cell-spot

large, black ; the outer double line brown, the external arm thick, luuulate

dentate, separated by distinct white spaces between the veins from the diffuse

brown submarginal shade : three black submarginal spots from apex ; fringe

ochreous; the veins pale ochreous.

Hindwing: as in strigulosata; but the grouad-eolour whiter, and the bands

and striae browner and more distinct.

( 111 )

Underside whitish, with sparse brown speckling ; forewing brownish at base

and along costa ; cell-spot black in both wings.

Head, thorax, and abdomen whitish ; face and palpi black ; vertex and shaft

of antennae white, the pectinations brown.

Expanse of wings : 35 mm.

3cJc?.

In the hindwing all the examples show a black spot above, as well as below,

the streak in lower tail.

39. Chaetoceras sulphurata spec. nov.

Forewing : costal streak and basal area cream-colour ; the costa with short,

even, dark striae, the base with light grey striae, bounded by a faint pale brown

curved inner line ; cell-spot black in a central area of pale yellow ; outer line broad,

dark brown, from subcostal vein at two-thirds to vein 4, then incurved, reaching

inner margin a little beyond middle, followed by a broad lilac-grey band not

reaching above vein 6 ; au obscure dark brown patch from apex to middle of outer

margin, ed"ed inwardly by dark lunules between the veins, starting from apex,

the whole with transverse striae ; extreme margin and fringe yellowish ; the cell

from inner Hue and space beyond to outer line often shows as a long pale yellow

blotch, especially in the greyer ? ?.

Hindwing : basal half yellow ; a slight cloudy basal band ; a fine brown line

on discocellular with a dot at each end ; the broad outer band edged by a fine black

line and acutely angled on vein 4, followed by a pale space of ground-colour

before the mixed brown and lilac marginal area ; a fine black line from tooth to

tooth, and a blackish spot below lower tooth.

Underside of forewing pale ochreous, tinged with grey and striated with

brownish along costa and broadly along outer margin ; hindwing cream-colour,

with some brownish striae along margin; cell-spots black in both wings.

Face and palpi brown-black ; thorax and abdomen cream-colour ; anal segments

of dorsum marked with grey ; vertex and autennal shaft white, the i)ectiuations

yellowish.

Expanse of wings : 26 mm.

A series including both sexes.

Outer margin of forewing evenly curved, of hindwing with prominent teeth

at 4 and 7, a smaller one at 0.

40. Chaetoceras transnigrata spec. nov.

Closely allied to the two preceding species, but the ground-colour greyer,

thickly striated ; the lines brown, more distinct, and marked by black blotches

and spots ; inner line with a black spot in cell, as well as a larger one on submedian

fold ; outer line hardly double, the outer edge distinct to costa, and marked by

black spots between veins, those on the folds large and diffuse ; that beyond cell

followed by another, snbmarginal ; the three spots from apex large and black ;

cell-spot black ; fringe coucolorous.

In the hindwing the outer line is angled on vein 4, and preceded above and

below the angle by a black shade.

Underside whitish, irregularly speckled ; the forewing suffused with grey all

over ; a black spot on submedian fold of hindwing above anal angle.

( 112)

Pace and palpi black ; vertex and autenual shaft white ; thorax and abdomen

like wings.

Expanse of wings : 35 mm.

4c? <J, 1 ?.

41. Dirades brunnea spec. nov.

Forewing : brown ; the ground-colour split up into three longitudinal wedge-

like streaks from base to onter margin by two dark grey patternless similar spaces

along the folds ; costal streak above subcostal vein dark fuscous, the edge dotted

with white ; across the middle of the wing runs a dark brown curved fascia with

still darker edges, not visible except across the brown portions ; two slight black

dots close before apex ; fringe dark grey, with paler basal and dividing lines.

Hindwing : brown, with a large snow-white semi-oval costal blotch from near

base to before apex, below which the deeper brown fascia runs as far as submedian

fold, its dark edges slightly protruding into the white ; the furrow grey, with the

tuft of hairs ochreous and broad ; from the base of tuft to base of wing a long

hyaline slit lies in a pale triangular space ; along outer margin from 7 to 4 a broad

dark grey lustrous belt, really formed of three coalesceut lunules, containing pale

dots at the vein ends.

Underside of forewing dull cinereous ; of hindwing white, with the basal and

apical costal tufts grey ; the marginal line and fringe also grey from apex to

vein 4, below white.

Face, palpi, and forelegs black ; vertex and base of antennae snow-white ;

shoulders dark fuscous ; thorax and abdomen grey-brown ; the anal tuft ochreous.

Expanse of wings : 20 mm.

1 S.

The outer margin of hindwing is bent at vein 7, and again below vein 4.

42. Dirades semicarnea spec, nov.

Forewing: whitish grey, somewhat glossy, shaded with darker in the basal

area, along costa, and before apex, and thickly dusted with dark grey atoms ; a

slight cloudy grey cell-spot, preceded by a small pale space; outer line at quite

two-thirds, blackish edged with pale, angled outwards below 8 and inwards on the

cell-fold, where it is marked by a dark spot, then ontcurved and interrupted, endino-

beyond middle of inner margin in a horseshoe-shaped spot, which is rilled up

with dark grey and outwardly edged with black ; a subniarginal line of black

spots between veins from apex to anal angle, those below middle elongated ; anal

angle in <S tinged with flesh-colour, in ? with blackish and pink ; fringe dark grey.

Hindwing : in S dull flesh-colour, with an outer white line straight from

costa to vein 5, then bent inwards, internally dark-edged, and with the veins

across it white ; vein 4 edged with black scales from base, the inner margin

below vein 1 the same ; the furrow between and the contained pencil of hair white ;

submarginal black dots minute, that between 4 and 5 on a white spot: in ? dark

grey, above the middle blackish ; the two lines whitish, both angled on vein 4,

the space between them, except on inner margin, black, with the veins grey ; base

below middle also black ; submarginal dots black.

Underside of forewing pale grey, of hindwing in S white, in ? whitish, with

greyer margin.

( 113)

Face and palpi blackish grey ; vertex and antennae white ; thorax and abdomen

dark grey, the latter with a dark ring at base and iu the c? paler towards anus.

Expanse of wings : c? 26 mm. ; ? 28 mm.

1 c?, 1 ?.

43. Epiplema adornata spec. nov.

Forewing : chalk-grey, slightly speckled ; the markings dark brown, consisting

of a central fascia and a subapical blotch on outer margin ; inner edge of fascia

curved from below one-fourth of costa to one-third of inner margin ; outer from

below middle of costa, obliquely curved outwards to below 4, then incurved and

irregularly crenulate to two-thirds of inner margin ; the brown of the fascia is

broken up by patches of the pale ground-colour and the pale veins ; it is followed

at a narrow interval by a brown line ; a subapical spot, which is dark brown-grey,

edged inwardly by a waved black-brown line from vein 7 to 3 ; a submarginal

shade is shown by a brown costal cloud, and a double patch of brown striae

before anal angle ; fringe grey beyond a dark marginal line, dark-flecked beyond

veins.

Hindwing : with the markings restricted to the upper two-thirds of wing

above vein 4, and to the inner margin below vein 1, the intervening space whitish ;

dark, pale-edged lunules along margin.

Underside whitish, with slight speckling along costa and towards apex.

Face and palpi black-brown; thorax and abdomen grey like wings; vertex,

shoulders, and shaft of antennae white.

Expanse of wings : 22 to 25 mm.

3 ? ?.

Outer margins of wings slightly crenulate ; hindwing with sharp teeth at

4 and 7 ; apex of forewing truncate.

44. Epiplema aequisecta spec. nov. and ab. flavicata nov.

Forewing : dark brown or brown-grey, more or less speckled ; costa finely

black-dotted ; first line very indistinct in $ ; black and outcurved iu ¥ , with basal

area black-brown ; outer line vertical, thick and well-marked, from a little beyond

middle of costa to a black-brown blotch at three-fifths of inner margin, followed

in ? by a black-brown cloud widening below to anal angle ; marginal area at

middle diffusely darker, edged inwardly by a fine curved line, often very obscure;

fringe concolorous.

Hindwing : with basal line biangulate, black ; discal mark thick, black, and

angled along 5; outer line orange, dark-edged on both sides, bluntly angled at

vein 4, with a black blotch on its inner edge from 2 to 4 ; a series of dark, paler

edged, dull lustrous submarginal lunules from upper tooth to vein 2 ; space below

snbmediau fold pale ochreous, unmarked, excejit by the outer line.

Underside of forewing grey-brown, of hindwing whitish, tinged with brown

towards apex, all the brown areas with black speckling : hindwing with outer

line, cell-spots, and lunules marked.

Vertex, thorax, and abdomen brown ; face and palpi black.

Expanse of wings : S l'Jmm.; ? 22 mm.

3 c?c?,l ?•

Forewing with apex depressed ; outer margin vertical from 8 to 0, incised

from 6 to 4, then gibbous to anal angle : hindwing with the usual two teeth at

4 and 7.

8

( 114 )

3 ($6 from the same locality are possibly a distinct species, Wit I prefer at

present to refer to them here as ;m aberration : though ninch fainter, the markings,

where visible, are practically identical, Wit the ground-colour of all three, above and

below, is dull yellow, which has suggested the name flamcata.

■io. Epiplema bipunctigera spec. nov.

I'm 1 1 ring: greyish fuscous, striated with darker and sprinkled with lustrous

bluish scales (which are probably more numerous when fresh) ; a paler oblique,

slightly curved band at one-third, from subcostal vein to inner margin, iuwardly

darker edged ; an outer similar band oblique from two-thirds of costa to vein 4,

then incurved and dark ; apex and a marginal shade brownish, like the fringe ;

cell-spot formed by two black dots at ends of discocellular, connected by some

lustrous blue scales; a patch of grey scales at anal angle.

Hindwing : brown ; outer line thick and dark, angled on vein 4, concave on

each side; apex and marginal streak darker; a deep fulvous line edged with

lustrous scales from tooth to tooth, and a black spot below lower tooth ; cell-spot

as on forewing.

Underside of forewing fuscous with coarse black speckling, the costa

ochreous ; of hindwing whitish ochreous, with dark striae and a blackish marginal

border to below middle; a pair of black dots on each discocellnlar.

Head dark brown ; collar whitish : thorax and abdomen like wings ; abdomen

beneath and legs whitish ; forelegs and pectus fuscous.

Expanse of wings : 'M mm.

1 ?.

Forewing with outer margin bulged between o and 4, insinuate from 7 to 4 :

hindwing with very slight teeth at 4 and 7, a blunt tooth at o, and crenulate

to anal angle.

40. Epiplema caligata spec. nov.

Forewing : grey, speckled with darker ; crossed in middle by a bent fascia

with dark edges ; inner edge dark brown acutely angled on vein 4, then oblique

inwards to one-third of inner margin, the upper arm obsolete above subcostal vein,

but marked by a grey spot on costa at one-fourth ; outer edge sinuous, from

two-thirds of costa to three-fourths of inner margin, convex outwards above

middle, concave below, preceded below subcostal by a broad dark brown band;

a row of dark submarginal spots from costa to below middle of outer margin,

and traces of a dark submarginal shade on costa and inner margin; fringe grey.

Hindwing : with both edges of the fascia bluntly angled oil vein 4 ; a slight

submarginal shade ; faint Innules from upper to below lower tooth and a fulvous

shade between the teeth.

Underside grey thickly black-speckled.

Face and palpi black ; thorax and abdomen grey ; vertex and autennal shaft

snow-white.

Expanse of wings : 30 mm.

2 ? ?.

The second specimen is paler grey than the type, and the brown edges of

the fascia consequently are much plainer.

Forewing truncate at apex, slightly hollowed out beyond cell : hindwing

with two short teeth at 4 and 7.

( US)

47. Epiplema facilis spec. nov.

Fore icing : slaty grey, densely striated with brown ; lines dark brown, thick ;

first nearly straight, at one-fourth ; outer from two-thirds of costa, outenrved to

vein 2, then vertical to three-fourths of inner margin, edged outwardly with

ferruginous ; cell-spot black ; three black snbmarginal spots from apex ; fringe

concolorons.

Hindwing : similar, but the outer line is bluntly angled on vein 4 ; a slight

dark spot below lower tooth.

Underside pale slate-colour, bluer in hindwing ; both wings with numerous

speckles.

Head, thorax, and abdomen concolorous ; fillet white ; face black.

Expanse of wings : 28 mm.

1 ?.

Hindwing with short blunt teeth at 4 and 7.

48. Epiplema foedicosta spec. nov.

Forewing: whitish, with slight grey striae and speckling; the costal area

with a dull grey-brown tinge ; the costal edge finely black-dotted, with a large

cloudy blackish blotch beyond middle and three small black spots before apex ;

lines obscure, first close to base, curved ; outer very indistinct, from the large costal

blotch, vertical and wavy, to the outer edge of a slightly marked brownish

flattened spot on inner margin ; from the outer of the three small costal spots

an indistinct snbmarginal line to anal angle, preceded by a brownish cloud on

inner margin, and marked by small brownish dots between veins ; a blackish

blotch on outer margin between veins 0 and 3, with deep black inner edge, and

with a small black dot above it ; two rufous spots on discocellular ; fringe whitish,

grey beyond the blotch.

Hindwing ; white ; a dark spot near middle of base ; cell-spot oblique,

blackish ; space between cell and submedian fold speckled with dark ; inner

margin with dark striae ; outer line bluntly angled on vein 4, edged by two

dark shades above the angle, and with a small blotch on the inside below ; a

small dark cloud at apex ; a thin black line from tooth to tooth, and two bluish

lunulcs below lower tooth, preceded by some lustrous grey scales.

Underside of forewing washed with pale brown and coarsely speckled ; a

small dark blotch on outer margin ; hindwing white, with a few black specks along

costa.

Face and palpi black ; thorax and abdomen whitish ; vertex snow-white.

Expanse of wings : 22 mm.

2 cJcJ.

Forewing with outer margin slightly indented beyond cell ; hindwing with fine

teeth at 4 and 7 ; antennae thick, with deep clavate teeth.

49. Epiplema funesta spec. nov. and ab. subrufa nov.

Forewing : dull grey, densely speckled with fuscous ; costal area above

subcostal vein rather paler ; a very tine curved black line at one-third, touching

or running close to the black cell-spot ; outer line broad, forming a band, at

three-fifths, well curved outwards in middle and outwardly edged by a blackish

line ; an indistinct submarginal shade, plainest at costa and above anal angle ;

( 116)

veins finely pale towards onter margin ; fringe grey ; three black costal spots

before apex.

Hindi ring : blackish, the speckling and striae coarse and close; a black line

close to base ; outer line bluntly angled on vein 4 ; some slight dark lnnules at

lower tooth.

Underside uniform dull fuscous ; the costa of forewing ochreous.

Face and palpi black ; vertex and shoulders pale grey ; thorax and abdomen

like forewing ; underside and legs pale ochreous.

Expanse of wings : <S 28 mm. ; ? 32 mm.

1 <?, 1 ?.

Forewing excised from 7 to 4, then straight and oblique ; hindwing toothed at

7 and 4, less so at 0 ; margin straight from 4 to anal angle.

The c? is darker, without striations or speckling, and smaller; the outer line

fine and indistinct ; the fringe darker, with a slight ferruginous line at base ;

underside of hindwing dull ochreous with dark speckling aud a smoky brown

submarginal shade.

The aberration subrufa differs from the type in being rufons speckled with

darker instead of fuscous ; the dark costal spots visible, but the lines, though

traceable, very obscure; fringe red-brown ; hindwing rather darker, with equally

obscure markings. Underside ochraceous ; forewing with a dark cloud towards

base, leaving costa and margin pale ; hindwing as in the type c?, but more

ochraceous.

Expause of wings : 30 mm.

3 <?<?.

These three insects may represent a distinct species ; it is difficult, in the case

of New Guinea forms, to decide on first acquaintance, especially if the series is

small, to what rank to assign them.

50. Epiplema sulcata spec. nov.

Forewing : whitish, thickly grey-speckled, in the ? tinged with darker grey ;

cell-spot dark, followed beyond middle by a broad vertical darker fascia, of which

the inner edge is diffuse and the outer obscurely angulated on vein 5 and concave

on each side, the lower end below vein 2 filled up with bright brown, the costal

end grey ; snbmargiual line vertical, blackish grey, formed of elongated blotches

between veins ; a row of distinct black lnnules from costa before apex to vein 2 ;

fringe grey, dark-dotted.

Hindwing : with an inner aud outer line, both bluntly angled above vein 4,

dark brown in ¥ , ferruginous in <?; a row of dark lunules, with brown or ferruginous

edges, before outer margin, the ground-colour of c? being reddish grey, aud of ?

purplish fuscous; space between vein] and the submedian fold whitish, without

scaling.

Underside of forewing in S pinkish ochreous, of hindwing whitish ; in ?

brownish, of hindwing ochreous, becoming browu along costa ; antemedian and

pi isi median tufts of hair on costa of hindwing, ochreous in J, dark grey in ?.

Face and palpi black-brown ; vertex aud auteunal shaft white ; thorax pale

grey; abdomen ochreous in <$, dark fuscous in ?.

Expanse of wings : 22 mm.

1 <J, 1 ?.

( 117 )

The teeth at veins 4 and T of hindwing are much stronger in ? than in c?.

In both sexes there is a conspicuous furrow running longitudinally from base to

outer margin along and beyond cell in both wings above, with a corresponding

ridge on the underside ; this, being paler, shows more clearly in the darker ? .

51. Gathynia nigella spec. nov.

Forewing: costal margin broadly velvety-black; rest of wing blurred grey,

separated into two wedge-shaped areas by a brownish-black wedge running between

cell and submedian interval ; the inner margin below vein 1 also black ; traces of

two darker transverse lines parallel to outer margin, antemedian and postmedian ;

fringe black.

Hindwing: with more than costal half blackish brown, with two short thick

very black lines beyond cell ; the costa itself at base also black ; inner margin

below vein 1 black ; the furrowed space white, the enclosed pencil of hairs slightly

ochreons.

Underside of forewing dull dark grey, with a blackish cloud on outer margin

at middle ; of hindwing whitish, greyer towards margin.

Head and thorax deep black ; abdomen grey ; vertex snow-white ; antennae

dark.

Expanse of wings : 24 mm.

1 3.

Homoplexis gen. nov.

Forewing : short and broad ; costa straight, convex before apex ; outer margin

curved, as long as inner margin, which is straight.

Hindwing : truncate from 8 to 7, then straight to a slight tooth at 3, thence

curved to anal angle in ? ; in the <$ the area below submedian fold is shortened,

and contorted, without scales, and contains a large tuft of hairs, much as in

Dirades.

Nenration as in Epiplema.

Type : Homoplexis planimargo Warr. (Epiplema).

52. Homoplexis planimargo.

Epiplema planimargo Warr., Nov. Zool. xiii. p. 74, $ (190G).

The c? of this species does not differ from the ¥ except in the hindwing, where

the fold is whitish and the pencil of hairs ochreons.

2 <?c?, 1 ?.

The insect is superficially not at all unlike \Fterotosoma bilineata Warr.,

but the abdomen of c? is quite normal, without tufts.

Paroecia gen. nov.

Forewing : short and broad ; costal and outer margin curved, the latter hardly

obliqne.

Hindwing : broad ; hindmargin bluntly toothed at 7 and 4, vertical and faintly

concave between, then creuulate to anal angle.

Antennae of <S bipectinate ; forewing of c? with a fovea near base above vein 1.

Nenration as in Epiplema.

Type : Paroecia acupicta spec. nov.

( 118 )

53. Paroecia acupicta spec, now

Forewing: whitish grey, covered with excessively fine brownish striatums;

lines brown, furry-looking ; first curved close to base, enclosing the fovea; second

at middle, passing over discocellnlar, and hardly marked below median ; third

marginal, edged inwardly by black spots between veins, inwardly angled on vein 7,

thinning to a point at anal angle ; fringe brown, with ferruginous base.

Hindwing : without marginal line ; fringe as in forewing.

Underside of forewing dull bluish grey, of hindwing bluish white, both with

large and small speckles.

Head, thorax, and abdomen above grey like wings; face and palpi blackish;

abdomen below white.

Expanse of wings : 18 mm.

1 6.

54. Platerosia albipennis spec. nov.

Forewing: white, slightly striated with red-brown; costa with short striae;

markings red-brown ; some brown spots in basal area and along subcostal vein ;

a brown horseshoe-shaped spot at middle of inner margin, with the centre whitish ;

its outer edge joined by a curved and crennlate white line from costa at middle,

edged on each side by brown shading ; a patch of brown scaling before anal angle

and a less conspicuous one on costa at three-fourths indicate the snbmarginal

shade; a row of brown spots from below apex to below middle of outer margin,

confluent below vein 6 and followed by a brownish grey cloud, which runs out into

the white fringe ; marginal line waved, brown ; fringe mottled with brown.

Hindwing : with a double brown outer line from costa to vein 4, there bluntly

angled, marked by a brown blotch between veins 3 and 2 and another on inner

margin ; the whole wing slightly grey-speckled, more strongly at apex ; marginal

line brown, fine, preceded by an interrnpted thicker snbmarginal.

Underside white, with fine brown striae along costa and outer margin in

both wings.

Face, palpi, and collar black ; vertex, thorax, and abdomen white ; the dorsum

with pairs of dark curved marks, sometimes confluent.

Expanse of wings : 22 mm.

2 <?<?.

Family GEOMETRIDA E.

Subfamily OENOCHROMINAE.

Gerusia gen. nov.

cT. Forewing : costa straight ; apex blunt ; outer margin bluntly dentate at

6 and 4, below 4 very oblique, the anal angle obtuse.

Hindwing: broad; apex squarely rounded ; outer margin denticulate, bent at

vein 3 ; anal angle rounded.

Antennae of 8 stoutly bipectinate to near apex ; palpi porrect, stont, heavily

scaled, terminal segment minute ; tongue present ; frenulum present ; hindtibiae

with four spurs ; foretibiae with a pencil of stiff hairs from the femoro-tibial joint

and a broad, blunt, curved, claw-like process from end on outer side.

The forewing has a patch of black scales at base of submedian vein beneath,

( HO )

covered by a long pencil of black Lairs from base; and the hindwing has a

corresponding patch of black scales along the upper half of cell above ; below the

median vein of hindwing from base to two-thirds the wing membrane is hyaline

white.

Nenration : forewing, cell longer than half of wing; discocellnlar vertical,

very faint, slightly concave outwards ; first median nervule at two-thirds, second

at eight-ninths ; radials normal ; 7, 8 stalked from the bend, 9, 10 stalked jnst

before, 11 free, anastomosing at a point with 12, 9, 10 anastomosing with 11,

9 again with 8 : hindwing, costal anastomosing with subcostal shortly in basal half

of cell ; 7 and 3 from before ends of cell ; radial from centre of discocellnlar.

Type : Gerusia virescena spec. nov.

55. Gerusia olivescens spec. nov.

Forewing : glossy cream-colour, speckled with olive ; the lines and shadings

deep olive-green ; lines as in viridescens, but thicker and more strongly marked ;

basal patch wholly olive, separated from first line by a narrow line of pale

ground-colour ; median shade diffuse, incurved below middle and ontcurved again

to inner margin near outer line ; a deep olive-green cloud along submedian interval

from beyond basal line to beyond outer line ; outer line dark greeD, with a diffuse

shade in the angle, followed by a costal triangle of green edged by the pale

submarginal line ; a grey-green patch on the margin from 7 to 4, and another

below middle reaching outer line and traversed by the luuules of submarginal line ;

two blackish green spots before this line on each fold ; fringe olive-green, with

pale spots on the veins.

Hindvoing : with the lines as in viridescens, but all deep olive-green; costal

half dull blurred grey-green, with a pink tinge.

Underside dark olive, with all the pale spaces sulphur-yellow ; some red

scales between veins 2 and 4 on cacli wing, and orange and yellow dots along cell

of hindwing ; spots at anal angle of hindwing yellow.

Palpi olive-green externally, white within and above ; face olive-green, pale

below ; vertex and antennal shaft white ; prothorax olive-green ; apical half of

patagia, metathorax, and two basal segments of abdomen greenish white ; rest

of dorsum olive-green with the segmental rings white ; abdomen beneath, legs,

and pectus ochreous dotted with green.

Expanse of wings : 44 mm.

2 at.

Differs from the type species, virescens, in having no dark scales on either wing

at base, and the pencil of hairs from base of forewing smaller and paler.

56. Gerusia rasimargo spec. nov.

Forewing : almost exactly like that of G. viridescens, but the lines pale

olive-brown, and the costa olive-brown at base ; a snow-white streak from apex

to the hyaline spot on vein G ; fringe olive-brown ; outer margin smoothly rounded,

without trace of teeth or crenulations.

Hindwing : costal half paler green, rust-coloured towards apex ; lines brown,

runch as in viridescens but more distinct ; an additional bent shade just beyond

postmedian line; space below middle not hyaline white; fringe olive-brown;

outer margin well rounded, with hardly an judication of teeth.

( 120 )

Underside of both wings yellow, speckled with brown : the lines dark brown;

costa and base of cell of forewing dark olive-brown ; inner margin of forewing

whitish ; two hyaline white spots between veins C and 7 towards apex.

Palpi and face olive ; basal segment of antennae and base only of shaft

white, the rest along with the pectinations dark fuscous ; vertex greenish white ;

shoulders dark olive; thorax and patagia greenish ochreous ; abdomen yellowish

ochreous with pairs of dark dots ; abdomen beneath, pectus, and legs yellow, the

legs much dusted with fuscous.

Expanse of wings : 44 mm.

1 J.

Differs from the type species, and from olitescens, not only by the smooth

outer margins, but also by the entire absence of the pencil of hairs and patches

of dark scales. The anastomosis of costal and subcostal of hindwing is common

to all.

57. Gerusia virescens spec. nov. and ab. viridirnacula nov.

Forewing : pinkish ochreous, overlaid with very pale green and covered with

fine black atoms ; the lines olive-green, indistinct ; first curved from one-fifth

of costa to one-fourth of inner margin, marked by a dark spot on snbmedian

vein ; median outenrved from about middle, becoming obsolete below ; outer line

from two-thirds of costa, oblique outwards and sharply angled on vein 0, then

oblique inwards, vertically curved from vein 2, marked by dark dots on veins ;

Bubmarginal line white, preceded by a greener shade, angled inwards at G to

angle of outer line and there marked by a hyaline white spot, on the two folds

preceded by two blackish spots ; fringe olive-brown, with broad pale yellow

chequering at the veiu-ends ; cell-spot green; central area often more suffused

with green than the rest of wing.

Hindwing : above middle dull whitish with a pinkish tinge, speckled with

green, below hyaline white, green-speckled ; a broad straight antemedian line,

curved lunulate-deutate postmedian, and waved snbmarginal ; marginal area below

4 dull grey-green, its inner edge straight ; fringe olive-brown, with basal line

and teeth pale yellow ; cell-spot green ; base of cell below subcostal vein with a

long patch of black scales.

Underside of forewing ochreous, green-speckled ; the lines broadly green, the

apex and anal angle green ; in cell some rust-coloured scaling ; margin below

middle yellow, inwardly limited by a curved reddish line ; inner margin whitish ;

the pencil of hairs from base black : hindwing sprinkled with green ; the cell

dull pink ; antemedian line dark at inner margin ; marginal area below middle

darker green with a brown patch containing two pale ochreous spots.

Palpi externally greenish, white within and below ; face dark green, white

below ; vertex and thorax pale olive-green ; abdomen greenish ochreous mixed

with pink, with pairs of green dorsal spots ; abdomen beneath and legs cream-

rolour speckled with grey-green; foretarsi greenish, with pale joints; antenual

shaft white.

Expanse of wings : 40 — 44 mm.

11 cJc?.

In three of these — ab. viridirnacula — the sinus of outer line across the

gubmedian fold is filled with a large round blackish gree blotch.

( 121 )

Palaeodoxa gen. nov.

Forewing : shaped ranch as in Therapis; the apex blunt; the crater margin

indented below it and elbowed at vein 0, then faintly curved and passing into

inner margin without forming a real angle.

Hindwing : with apex rounded ; outer margin slightly excised between veins

0 and 7 and deeply between 6 and 4, which are both bluntly toothed ; inner

margin and outer margin below 4 forming a single curve.

Antennae of <5 strongly bipectinate almost to apex, the outer series of

pectinations longer than the inner; palpi upturned, second segment long and

heavily scaled, third quite short; tongue weak; frenulum present; hindtibiae

with four spurs.

Neuration : forewing, cell half as long as wing ; discocellular vertical, oblique

below ; first median nervule at four-fifths, second close to third ; lower radial

from a little above middle of discocellular, upper from upper end; 7, 8, 9 stalked

from a little before end ; 10 and 11 from cell, 11 anastomosing with 12 : hindwing,

discocellular biangnlate, the lower outer angle slight ; subcostal upcnrved from

base, approximating to costal shortly, before middle of cell; 7 and 3 from before

angles of cell ; radial from the slight outward angle.

Type : Palaeodoxa subignea sp. nov.

58. Palaeodoxa subignea spec. nov. and ab. suffusa nov.

Forewing : olive ochreous, marked with strong dark striae, more or less

obscured by olive-brown suffusion ; the basal patch, a broad curved inner line at

one-third, and a broad postmedian fascia, edged inwardly by a sinuous median

line and outwardly acutely angled above vein 5 — all rich olive-brown ; an irregular

olive-green submarginal shade from a large praeapical blotch, containing a pale

spot on vein 6 ; a purplish brown shade on outer margin from apex to middle ;

a shade of similar colour edges the dark brown markings ; cell-spot vertical,

narrowly pale, with deep olive edging ; veins pale across the dark spaces, and

dark across the pale.

Hindwing: blurred pink in costal half, fiery orange at anal angle, red-brown,

olive, and ochreous between, crossed by dark striae ; a dull pearly waved line

with dark edges across middle of wing to above anal angle, and traces of a

zigzag pale submarginal line ; inner margin, in basal two-thirds, ochreous with

darker reticulations and olive suffusion.

Underside of forewing purple-grey to an oblique dark-edged pearly lustrous

postmedian line ; the cell yellow, crossed by a brown line ; marginal third yellow,

with dark brown striae, and fulvous at apex ; inner margin below vein 2 blurred

pearly grey : hindwing redder, with the same two lines, the outer angled before

iuner margin ; the broad marginal area reddish and grey.

Collar, face, palpi, base of antennae, legs, and abdomen beneath deep orange-

red, the legs yellow-spotted ; thorax and patagia pinkish grey, the shoulders

darker ; abdomen dull reddish mixed with olive ; vertex and basal segment of

antennae in front white.

Expanse of wings : 44 — 48 mm.

3 c?cj.

In the larger example, ab. sujfus a, the paler ochreous tints are hidden by a

( 122 )

purple-grey suffusion, and on the underside the wings are greyer, with the

marginal area of forewing deep fulvous instead of yellow.

Thauinatographe gen. nov.

Forewing: narrow; costa straight till close to apex; outer margin oblique,

bent at vein 5, nearly as long as inner margin, which is also straight.

Eindwing : short and rounded; costa straight; outer margin strongly excurved,

slightly elbowed at vein 3, irregularly crenulate.

Abdomen elongate, stout, the aual segment squared ; thorax densely scaled ;

antennae bipectinate to two-thirds in both sexes : palpi short, thickly scaled, first

and second segments dentiform in front, third short ; tongue absent ; frenulum

absent; pectus and femora woolly; legs short, hindtibiae with four short spurs.

Nenration : forewing, cell less than half of wing ; discocellnlar vertical ;

first median nervnle just before end of cell ; second and third on a long stalk;

vein 5 from a little above middle of discocellnlar, 6 from upper angle; 10, T, 8, 9

stalked from close to 6; 11 free: hindwing, costal and subcostal approximated

shortly at base, 7 from before end of cell, 6 from the depressed end; discocellnlar

inangulate ; 5 from the upper end close to 6 ; 3, 4 stalked ; 2 at three-fourths.

Type : Th. singularis spec. nov.

A genus standing quite by itself.

59. Thauinatographe singularis spec. nov.

(J. Forewing: pinkish ochreous, grey-brown along costa and outer margin,

pink along inner margin ; a diffuse green patch at base between subcostal and

snbmedian veins, crossed by a curved black line indented on median, limited by

the same two veins ; cell-spot thick, red-brown ; outer line from three-fourths

of costa, blackish, zigzag on subcostal, then marked by vein-dots to 4, thence

Insinuate to 1, from which it runs sharply oblique to middle of inner margin;

submarginal line whitish, strongly zigzag above middle, below approximated to

outer line ; outer margin greenish below vein 4 ; fringe pale green chequered

with darker.

Hindwing : with a strongly marked black line from base of costa oblique to

middle of discocellnlar, then horizontal, boldly curved at three-fourths of wing

and vertical to vein 1 ; the enclosed space brightly white in cell, below it whitish

green at base, then pinkish and green ; costal area black-brown to submarginal

line, which is strongly waved and preceded by a greenish shade ; outer margin

pinkish and green, paler before margin, which above middle is marked with

blackish lnnnles ; fringe pale green ; inner margin below vein 1 and the fringe

pale pinkish ochreous.

Underside of forewing in the main like upper, but band beyond outer line

dark brown, and with a brown streak inwards along submedian fold ; the costa

not darker : hindwing with the strong black line starting beyond middle of costa

and simply sinuous, followed by a broad brown baud, the whole basal area whitish.

? throughout paler, less pink than the <$.

Head and thorax green varied with pinkish ; abdomen ochreous speckled

with darker ; autennal shaft in i pure pinkish ochreous, in ¥ speckled with black.

Expanse of wings : S 48 mm. ; ? 58 mm.

2 $$, 1 ?.

( 123)

Subfamily PSEUDOTERPNINAE.

Co. Actenochroma amethystina spec. uov.

Forewing : deep violet, with darker violet shading in the neighbourhood of

the two lines ; these are very pale green ; two near base, the outer bent in cell ;

postmedian broad and oblique outwards to 6, then slender, hinnlate-dentate

inwards to two-thirds of inner margin ; a deep violet cell-spot on lower half of

discocellnlar, followed by a large snow-white spot, and often preceded by a smaller

one; the two lines white on costa; in the outer line a white spot on inner edge

above vein 6 ; an erect yellow mark below vein 2 beyond inner line ; beyond this

mark and on each side of the discocellular are beds of lustrous scales ; fringe

violet chequered with pale green between the veins ; two or three white costal

dashes before apex.

Hindwing : with outer line broad throughout, with darker green speckling;

blotches of pale green with darker speckles beyond and below cell, and along

inner margin.

Underside of forewing bright red in and below cell, shaded and spotted with

blackish, becoming red-brown in marginal area ; costa and lines dull green, black-

speckled ; a white spot in cell on inner line and below costa on outer ; the spot

beyond cell hyaline white ; apex pale green : hindwing with a broad green outer

band, and some green shading along margin ; the white spot beyond cell marked.

Palpi red ; head dull violet ; shoulders and patagia pale shining green edged

with violet; thorax and abdomen pinkish violet; tufts of metathorax and dorsum

pale green ; abdomen beneath pinkish ochreons ; legs dull green spotted with dark ;

pectus olive ochreons, blotched with vermilion ; antennae pink dotted with black.

Expanse of wings : 52 mm.

12 c?cJ.

61. Hypochroma corrosa spec. nov.

Forewing : moss-green, speckled with black ; the black forming a band between

outer and submargiual lines, the edges rounded externally between veins and running

into the lunnles of submargiual line ; lines much as in //. leprosa described below ;

distinguished at once by the whole of central area, except costal, and the marginal

below vein 2 being filled with brown, the veins marked across it in green ; some

brown scales at base of wing ; cell-spot linear, blackish ; some brown scaling on

each side of submargiual line towards costa.

Hindwing : mainly brown, the green being confined to the space between

veins 2 and 4, the whole well speckled ; tufts green and prominent ; those of

the submargiual line brown : apical fringe brown.

Underside of forewing greenish ochreons, orange towards base, of hindwing

entirely orange ; both wings with broad blackish margin, leaving apex of forewing

ochreons ; cell-spot of forewing black, large; costa with black striae ; fringe dull

yellowish.

Head and thorax green ; face with a dark bar ; palpi and forelegs blackish ;

metathorax, tips of patagia, and dorsum brown mixed with green ; dorsum with

pairs of small tufts ; abdomen below and legs yellow; pectus reddish.

Expanse of wings : 48 mm.

IS.

( 124 )

02. Hypochroma leprosa spec, now

Forewing : moss-green, covered with dark speckling, which is confluent ami

forms a kind of shade before first and after outer line, marked with ferruginous

between the veins ; lines black ; first from one-fourth of costa to one-third of

inner margin, roundly outcurved above and below median vein and angled below

vein 1 ; outer line lunnlate-dentate, from two-thirds of costa to three-fifths of inner

margin, vertical to vein 4, then oblique, approaching first line on inner margin ;

cell-mark black, linear, oblique ; both lines separated from the shade by a narrow

space of nnspeekled green ; snbmarginal line a row of green dark-pointed lunnles ;

marginal spots black; fringe green; ferruginous marks in outer shade elongate,

absent between 3 and 4, and expanded into a blotch between 1 and 2.

Hindi/ring : without the shades ; the tufts on inner margin and towards base

green and large.

Underside of forewing dull olive tinged with red, of hindwing dull dirty

yellow ; a diffuse obscure blackish snbmarginal cloud on both wings, and black

cell-spot in forewing.

Head, thorax, and abdomen moss-green and black ; dorsum with pairs of dark

6pots ; abdomen beneath and legs dull olive-yellowish ; pectus reddish-tinged ;

foretarsi black and ochreous.

Expanse of wings : S 48 mm. ; ? 52 mm.

2 <?cJ, 1 ?.

The ¥ is more strongly marked and dusted with black throughout ; the

shoulders and tufts of hindwing black ; costal half of central area of hindwing

pinkish-ockreons, undusted.

63. Hypochroma lichenosa spec. nov.

Forewing : moss-green, like leprosa, but with less dark dusting, and the lines

more obscure ; the dark scales before inner and beyond outer line mixed with pink ;

cell-spot dark with a few pink scales ; submarginal line marked mainly by dark

patches on the two folds.

Hindwing: similar; the tufts green and prominent.

Underside of both wings dull white, greenish towards outer margin ; costa

of forewing pinkish ; base and inner margin of hindwing yellow ; both wings

with black snbmarginal fascia, the margin in forewing speckled ; cell-spot of

forewing black.

Head, thorax, and abdomen moss-green slightly dark-speckled ; abdomen

with small tufts injpairs ; anal segment and underneath and legs pale ochreous ;

foretibiae green, black-mottled.

Expanse of wings : S 48 mm. ; ? 52 mm.

3 c?c?, 1 ¥.

In the ? the basal half of hindwing is darker, more speckled ; the submarginal

line of forewing plainer, whitish, and the whole central area of forewing whiter,

with less dark scaling.

Both this and leprosa belong to the group containing muscosaria Guen. and

hgpochromaria Guen. from Australia; they are distinguished from each other by

the undersides.

( 125)

04. Hypochroma purpurissa Warr.

The ¥ of this species, described in Nod. Zool. vol. xiii. p. 77 from a S, is

much larger and darker ; suffused in both wings with dark olive slate-colour aud

heavily black-speckled ; the first line preceded and the outer followed by pale

pearly scales ; the apex of forewing remains pale blnish white.

Head, thorax, and dorsum similarly darker.

Expanse of wings : 60 mm.

1 ?, along with 4 S S.

65. Hypochroma rufivaria spec. nov.

Forewing: pale shining green, witli a blnish tinge in parts, and striated with

dark green ; costa striated with dark green and with two triangular blackish spots ;

lines dark green ; first vertical, from the first black spot, curved above and below

median ; outer angled on vein 6, toothed on 4 aud 3, then interrupted, ending on

inner margin in a dark spot close to inner line, the space between them dark green ;

a blackish green, angled line close to base ; submargiual line deep green, angled

outwards on veins 5 and 2, preceded by a variable band of pinkish ochreons ;

cell-spot crescentic, of the same colour, edged with blackish ; patches of it also

appearing sometimes in submedian fold before inner line, on inner margin between

the two lines, and in the tooth of outer line on vein 4 ; costa often tinged with the

same colour ; fringe pale bluish green, mottled with blackish beyond veins.

Hindwing : without inner line ; submarginal preceded by blotches of pinkish

ochreons, the cell and space beyond similarly coloured and spotted with black, aud

a patch of it on inner margin near base ; fringe of inner margin bright orange.

Underside pale fulvous in forewing, tinged with reddish below cell and towards

outer margin, with coarse black striae becoming confluent in places ; cell-spot

black ; a greenish-ochreons blotch on margin between 3 and 4 ; fringe greenish-

ochruous broadly mottled with black ; hindwing orange-fulvous with deeper

postmedian band and marginal fascia, the latter with black striae, aud a black

blotch beyond cell ; cell-spot linear, small, black.

Head, thorax, and abdomen pale green ; face with a broad ferruginous bar ;

palpi ferruginous, pale beneath ; shoulders tinged with fulvous ; dorsal tufts green ;

anal tuft and abdomen at sides orange ; beneath with legs aud pectus yellow

ochreons ; forelegs greenish fuscous, with paler joints.

Expanse of wings : 40 mm.

8 c?<?.

QQ. Pingasa nieeki spec. nov.

Forewing : very pale delicate green, with faintly deeper green striations ;

costa with minute dark strigae ; lines finely black, edged by pinkish scales ;

first angled above and below median, the lower angle acute ; outer at two-third:;,

oblique outwards to 6 and there angled, vertical to 3, then oblique inwards, marked

on the veins by black dashes ; submarginal line preceded by a brown and pinkish

shade, darkest on costa aud broadest on the folds, where it contains some whitish

scales, aud is followed by brownish pink ; black marginal dots between veins ;

fringe pale green ; cell-spot pink.

Hindwing: without inner line; some pinkish scales at base and along inner

margin.

( 126 )

Underside greenish white : forewing with some broad fuscons striae in and

below cell ; cell-spot fuscous ; both wiugs with broad black submarginal band.

Palpi pink above, white below; face pale green above a black bar, pink below

it; vertex and abdomen pale green; thorax deeper green; dorsal tufts pink;

abdomen below, pectus, and legs greenish white; forelegs fuscous, spotted with

black.

Expanse of wings : c? 4s mm. ; ? 52 mm.

5<J<J, 1 ?.

The ? is more strongly marked ; the lines are red-brown, and the shade before

submarginal line reddish brown and well marked, the line itself pale and clear.

Subfamily GEOMETK1NAE.

67. Anisoganria bijugata spec. nov.

Forewing: dark green, slightly transparent ; costal edge finely and interruptedly

fuscons ; a white spot at base of costa and another just beyond ; several double

white striae at middle and some small streaks towards apex ; a large curved white

spot at end of cell ; a postmediau and two submarginal rows of large white spots

between the veins, those between 3 and 4 angled inwards, interrupted below 3 ;

between 2 and 3 represented by a single spot of the middle series, on submediau

fold by three single spots, the two inner series ending in a single large square spot

at three-fonrths of inner margin ; the basal and antemedian lines represented

only by the two white costal spots and two on inner margin ; the green intervals

marked by slight whitish Hecks and small dots on the veins ; marginal line dark

green ; fringe fuscous-green, with white spots at base between the veins and at

tips beyond them.

Hindwing : with the series of spots less interrupted ; the other spots larger

and along inner margin more numerous ; the green without pale flecks ; a red spot

before apex.

Underside pale green, with the white spots showing through ; costa of forewing

yellowish in basal half with dark dots; the subcostal vein and discocellular blackish,

marked beneath towards apex by blackish lunnlate marks ; black marginal lunnlea

between veins above vein 2 : hindwing with a small black spot before apex between

veins 7 and S, and black marginal dots above vein 2.

Face and palpi green above, white below; vertex and shoulders white with

centre green ; thorax green ; patagia with basal half green, apical white ; abdomen

green, with a row of white dorsal spots aud interrupted white lateral lines ; abdomen

underneath aud legs white ; tarsi spotted with black.

Expanse of wiugs : 35 mm.

12 examples, all 6 S.

GS. Anisogamia desolata spec. nov.

Forewing: semitransparent deep green, with minute whitish scales scattered

over it ; costa rather broadly ochreous, with strong fuscous striae ; the base greener

before a whitish spot, from which a very tine curved inner line runs to a brown

spot at one-third of inner margin ; outer line line, lunulate-dentate, whiter below

costa and there toothed along the veins; submarginal also lunulate-dentate,

but only distinct below costa ; cell-spot white, vertical ; fringe brown, with rather

large white spots in the teeth at cuds of veins.

( 127 )

Ilindiving : the same, without inner line ; the apex marked by a large

red-brown blotch beyond outer line reaching vein 5, speckled with black and

inwardly crossed by a blackish line.

Underside whitish green, the lines showing through ; costa of forewing yellow,

speckled with brown ; a brown subcostal spot before outer line, and two before the

submarginal, with a whiter space between them : hindwing with a black blotch

at apex edged with paler green and smaller than on upperside.

Palpi fuscous externally ; face dark green, white below ; basal segment of

antennae aud spot behind each eye white; vertex, thorax, and abdomen green;

metatborax green, traversed by a pale line aud edged with a ring of fuscous and

whitish scales ; dorsum with white spots, fifth and sixth segments with patches

of fuscous and pale scales ; anal tuft white, marked above with pink ; abdomen

below and legs whitish-green ; foretibiae dark fuscous, with the joints white.

Expanse of wings : 35 mm.

1 8.

09. Anisogamia fragmentata spec. nov.

Forewing: semitransparent dark green ; the costa broadly and diffusely white,

with fine fuscous strigae ; base powdered with white ; discocellular fuscous, in an

oval whitish ring ; lines fine, whitish, edged with fuscous, denticulate outwards on

veins ; first oblique from one-sixth of costa to two-fifths of inner margin, the teeth

blunt ; outer from two-thirds of costa to three-fourths of inner margin, outcurved

between 0 and 2, ending in a square white blotch on inner margin, across which it

becomes fuscous ; the outer and two submarginal lines, otherwise marked only by

white dots, form a large white triple blotch from below 5 to 3 ; marginal line purple

fuscous above 3, green below it, interrupted by white dots at the vein-ends ; fringe

greenish below, purplish grey above middle, with slightly paler flecks beyond veins,

white beyond 3 and 4.

Hindwing : with base and inner margin powdered with white ; a triple white

blotch at apex as well as between 3 and 4.

Underside pale green, the white markings showing through ; costa of forewing

yellow, with some dark marks towards apex.

Palpi purplish red above, white below ; face green above, white in lower half ;

vertex white ; collar purplish ; shoulders, patagia, and basal half of dorsum green ;

thorax fuscous ; metathorax fuscous in a white ring ; anal half of dorsum, abdomen

beneath, pectus, and legs white; foretibiae reddish ; the tarsi black aud white.

Expanse of wings : 28 mm.

2c?J.

This species is evidently allied to apkrias Meyr., and is a small likeness of

A, insperata Wlk.

70. Anisogamia gracililinea spec. nov.

Forewing: deep green, slightly transparent, with faint aud fine pale freckling;

costa chocolate-brown speckled with yellow ; the same tint extending along base

of wing and inner margin, except between the two lines ; these are white and very

slender ; first from one-fifth of costa to two-fifths of iuuer margin, waved, aud

excurved below middle; outer line from three-fourths of costa to three-fourths of

iuuer margin, augled inwards on the cell-fold, then outcurved to submedian fold ;

at costa it is followed by a large loaf-shaped blotch of pinkish white containing

( 128 )

red-brown and green scales ; two rows of pale submarginal dots before the dark

green marginal line, the inner yellow, the outer white ; veins before margin pale,

and ending in a yellowish spot ; fringe dark grey ; cell-spot whitish, linear.

Hindwing: with outer Hue only, followed at apex by a large black and pale-

speckled blotch.

Underside pale green, the lines showing through ; a black blotch at apex of

both wings and at anal angle of forewing.

Palpi purplish fnscous above, pale below and at ends of segments ; face green

above, white below ; vertex green edged with purplish and ochreons scales ; collar

and basal segment of antennae purplish ; shoulders and patagia deep green ; thorax

pale green ; metathorax with two dark green spots and a double pinkish brown

tuft ; dorsum green speckled with paler, the segments ringed with purple and pink;

anal tuft ochreous ; abdomen beneath, pectus, and legs whitish ; foretibiae black,

with pale joints.

Expanse of wings : 40 mm.

1 t?.

71. Anisogamia hilaris spec. nov.

Forewing : bright green ; costa white, thickly flecked with brown ; basal and

subcostal areas with a few white scales ; lines white ; first from one-sixth of costa

to one-third of inner margin, curved outwards above and below median ; outer line

luuulate-dentate. at three-fourths, the lunules below costa, between 3 aud 4, and

below 2 more strongly marked; two submarginal rows of pale spots between veins,

the inner complete, the outer interrupted ; margiual line deep green, interrupted by

white spots at the veins; fringe with basal half green, apical half grey; marginal

spots at 3 and 4 produced into fringe ; npper half of discocellnlar fiuely white.

Hindwing : without inner line ; the inner margin dappled with white ; outer

lines with the lunules and spots more developed at costa and between 3 and 4 ;

upper half of discocellular green.

Underside of wings whitish green ; costal half of forewing bright green ; costal

edge yellow.

Thorax and dorsum deep green, the latter with white spots ; the metathorax

also marked with white ; vertex and autenual shaft white, the pectinations fuscous ;

face green above, white below ; palpi olive-green above, white below ; abdomen

beneath and legs white; foretibiae aud tarsi olive fuscous, forefemora bright yellow.

Expanse of wings : 30 mm.

3 a.

72. Anisogamia innuba spec nov.

Forewing: semitransparent sea-green; costa brownish pink with fuscous

markings ; the veins rather darker, slightly speckled ; a broad diffuse obscurely

marked pale band at two-fifths, preceded on inner margin by a red-brown white-

edged spot ; marginal border pinkish brown, its inner edge starting at five-sixths

of costa, projecting inwards in middle and approaching margin below vein 3; this

edge is darker and more speckled, the outer area being smooth, with the veins

deeper ; marginal line dark red, with paler spots at the vein cuds ; fringe greenish

grey.

Hindwing : green, with outer border as in forewiug.

Underside iridescent green ; marginal border pale pinkish grey, its inner edge

broadly purple, stopping short in the hindwing at vein 3 ; marginal line purple.

( 129 )

Palpi greenish, the terminal segment externally red-brown ; face greenish,

white below ; vertex pinkish speckled with brown ; antennae annotated with

green ; shonlders and patagia, a spot on metathorax, and the dorsal spots green ;

thorax and dorsum pinkish brown ; abdomen beneath, pectus, and legs whitish ;

foretarsi black with pale joints.

Expanse of wings : 30 mm.

3 ? ?.

Outer margin strongly dentate.

73. Anisogainia orbimaculata spec. nov.

Forewing : dark green, semitranspareut, with a few white speckles, especially

on the veins ; costa dark fuscous, dotted with white ; an interrupted white basal

line at one-fourth, running to a small brown spot on inner margin at one-third; three

rows of white spots between veins before margin, betweeu 2 and 4 developing into

thicker white bracket-shaped marks, with some fuscous scaling between them, and

below 2 obsolete ; large white marginal dots at the vein ends ; fringe green.

Hindwing: similar, with the white dots on the veius plainer; at apex above

vein G a large round pinkish blotch edged with deep red ; more rarely the blotch is

wholly brown-black.

Underside pale iridescent green, without markings except the apical blotch of

hindwing, which is black-brown.

Palpi and bottom of face red and white ; face green with a white spot on each

side ; vertex green, with the basal segment of antennae white ; a white spot behind

each eye ; thorax and abdomen green, the latter dusted with white scales ; anal

tuft and underside white.

Expanse of wings : 30 mm.

0 <?<?.

74. Anisogainia stellata spec. nov.

Forewing: dark translucent green ; costal edge dark fuscous with a few small

white dots ; veins darker dotted with pale ; the intervals with obscure translucent

greyish flecks and spots ; a round white spot on upper half of discocellular ; three

rows of white spots towards apex above vein 4 ; those of the inuer row confluent

into a streak from 8 to 5 ; those of the middle row small ; those of the marginal

row lanulate, the upper two large, those beyond cell smaller and wedge-shaped, that

between 3 and 4 large and double ; the spots below 2 and along inuer margin small

and irregular ; large white spots at end of veins before the dark green marginal

line ; fringe grey-green, with white flecks at base between the veins and at tips

beyond them.

Hindwing : with curved rows of large spots throughout, and a curved greener

band at one-third and two-thirds ; a postmediau luuulate-dentate whitish line with

spots before and behind, followed below vein 4 by three angled marks ; betweeu

costa and vein 0 this line is followed by pink-edged fuscous spats between the veins ;

marginal marks and fringe as in forewing.

Underside iridescent green, with the spots all showing through, especially the

cell-spot of forewing ; costa of forewing yellow with fuscous brown dashes ; marginal

and submarginal green lunules below costa: hindwing with large purplish subapical

spot ; the costa at base broadly whitish.

0

( 130)

Face iiinl palpi green above, white below; vertex green; fillet white; thorax

and abdomen green speckled with white; middle segments of dorsum brownish;

abdomen beneath, pectus, and legs white; forctarsi black, with the joints white.

The female has the apical spots confluent to form a yellowish white apical

triangle, with the centre on costa green, reaching to vein 3, below it marked by

green pale-edged lnunles, at anal angle containing some brown and white scales,

the corresponding spaces in the hiudwiug being greener ; the inner line of forewing

is also traceable.

Expanse of wings : 3U mm.

7 66,1 ?.

T5. Anisogamia subnigrata spec. nov.

Forewing : semitransparent, dark green, dappled with whitish scales and

freckling; costal streak above subcostal vein paler green, with a few fine white scales

at base only; the costal edge white, with regular fuscons dots ; first line obliqnely

curved outwards, from subcostal vein at one-fourth to one-third of inner margin, white,

acutely angled outwards in lower half of cell, and rounded in submedian interval ;

outer line luiiulate-dentate, parallel to outer margin, at three-fourths, the Iunules

white, rilled up externally with whitish scales, insinuate on submedian fold and in

lower half of cell; snbmarginal line similar but more regular; both interrupted

above vein 7 ; the inner line is followed and the two outer preceded by a deeper

green shade; marginal line crenulate, deep green; fringe green, with white basal

spots between the veins ; a deep green blotch on discocellular.

Hindwing : with base and inner margin densely white-dappled, the white spots

becoming confluent along submedian interval ; outer and submarginal lines not

filled up with white scales, and followed by a row of whitish marginal lunnles ; a

double fuscous mark at apex and single streak below it between G and 7.

Underside iridescent whitish green ; forewing with three black marks from

costa, one over discocellular, simple, the others zigzag on outer and snbmarginal

lines, stopping short at vein 4 : hindwing with black apical blotch ; both wings with

black marginal dots.

Palpi red above, white below ; head, thorax, and abdomen green ; lower part of

face and basal segment of antennae snow-white, the pectinations fuscous ; dorsum

powdered with white and with a fnscous spot on antepenultimate segment ; anal

tufts white, the lateral ones ochreous.

Expanse of wings : 40 mm.

8 6 6.

7G. Anisogamia veniplaga spec. nov.

Forewing : semitransparent sea-green ; costa pinkish ochreous with fine brown

speckling ; first line from one-fifth of costa to one-third of inner margin,

obscurely marked, but ending in a white spot ; a large white tooth from costal

streak extends over the upper half of discocellular ; veins G and 7 bone-colour with

a pink tinge beyond the outer line, the space between G and 7 filled up with the

same in the inner half, that above 7 more slightly towards apex ; outer line marked

by minute dots on veins ; a pinkish blotch at anal angle reaching vein 2 ; white

marginal dots at end of veins ; fringe grey-green.

Hindwing; with a large pink blotch at apex reaching vein 4, internally edged

by the whitish lunulate outer line, which below the blotch is marked only by pale

dashes ou the veins.

( 131 )

Underside pale green, with the pale blotches showing through ; a small black

blotch at anal angle of forewing and a large apical blotch on hindwing ; costa of

forewing yellow.

Palpi pink above, pale below ; face dark green, white below ; vertex whitish

green ; collar pinkish white ; shoulders, patagia, and basal half of dorsum deep

green; thorax and metathorax reddish edged with white; anal half of dorsum

white speckled with reddish fuscous and laterally blotched with green ; anal

segment pale ochreons ; abdomen beneath, pectus, and legs whitish ; foretibiae

fuscous with pale joints.

Exrjanse of wings : 37 mm.

1 <?.

77. Chlorochroma bicolor spec no v.

Forewing : blue-green, a shade greener than C. latistriga ; costal edge buff ;

the two lines dark brown, edged with buff, the inner towards base, the outer towards

margin ; the inner from one-fourth of costa straight to one-third of inner margin ;

the outer from close before apex to two-thirds, and so not parallel to outer margin

as in latistriga ; cell-spot black, small; fringe buff; marginal spots black.

Hindwing : with the line central ; else like forewing.

Underside whitish blue-green ; costa of forewiug buff with obscurely marked

dark striae ; marginal spots black.

Palpi buff, with brown tips ; vertex, antennae, and shoulders buff ; face dark

blue-green ; thorax and abdomen like wings ; in latistriga the antennae are white.

Expanse of wings : 40 mm.

1 $.

78. Chlorochroma fraterna spec. nov.

Forewing : semitransparent sea-green, excessively finely pale-dusted, so that

the whole wing appears powdery ; costa yellow ochreous ; lines shown by difference

of green tint ; first from one-fifth of costa to one-third of inner margin, slightly

curved above and below median ; outer from two-thirds of costa to three-fourths

of inner margin, deutate-lnnulate ; interval between the lines rather darker than

the rest of wing and distinctly so along the course of the lines ; cell-spot dark

green ; fringe concolorous.

Hindwing : similar ; the inner line very faint.

Underside paler, whitish green, without markings.

Face and palpi above deep green ; thorax and abdomen like wings ; vertex

and shaft of antennae white; anal tufts of S, abdomen beneath and at sides, legs,

pectus, and underside of palpi white ; forelegs in front red-brown.

Expanse of wings : 44 mm.

2 «JJ, 1 ?.

Distinguished from C. sororcula by the dentate outer line.

79. Chlorochroma intermedia spec. nov.

Forewing : green with a blue tinge ; in markings the species is intermediate

between gigas, minor, and Jlaeilimrs Warr. on the one hand and latistriga and

ntjistriga on the other ; it differs from the former group in the greater breadth of

the lines, herein resembling the latter ; the costa of forewing is like that of gigas ;

the inner line is straight, not curved or angled, in its obliquity resembling

rujistriga ; and the outer line in hindwing is not bent, but simply curved as iu

(.132)

Jtavilimes. The cell-spots are large, aa in latistriga. Of the two examples one

is bluer green than the other, with the lines less yellow ; marginal clots distinct

in both.

Expanse of wings : 34 — 38 mm.

2 <J«T.

8U. Chlorochroma sororcula spec. nov.

Very much like C. fraterna, but slightly smaller and bluer green ; the lines

paler than the ground-colour, and straighter, not marked by a darker shade of

green ; the outer line nearly vertical, not dentate, from two-thirds of costa to

three-fourths of inner margin ; cell-spot dark green, plainer than in fraterna ;

fringe concolorous.

Hindwing : with the outer line crenulate; minute dark dots at the vein ends.

All the parts of the body as in fraterna, except that the palpi above are

pale brown instead of green.

Expanse of wings : 40 mm.

2 <?<?, 1 ?.

81. Comostolodes ruficincta spec nov.

Forewing: deep grass-green, slightly transparent; costa deep pink, speckled

with fuscous; a fine pink marginal line, swollen into larger dots between the

veins than at their cuds, especially between 3 and 4, and on each side of anal

angle ; lines marked only by minute -white points on the veins, those on 3 and 4

of the outer line being much nearer margin thau the others; cell-spot a similar

point ; fringe grey-green.

Hindwing : similar, without first line.

Underside whitish green ; costa of forewing pink ; base of forewiug reddish.

Palpi, forelegs, fillet, and antennae red ; face, vertex, and thorax green ;

metathorax and abdomen reddish, green at the sides.

Expanse of wings : 25 mm.

1 <?.

Lioscore gen. nov.

Forewing: triangular, the apex prominent; outer margin obliquely curved,

as long as inner margin.

Hindwing: with outer margin rounded, slightly bent at vein 4; the anal

angle well marked.

Antennae bipectinate for less than one-half, the outer half filiform ; palpi

upturned, short and stout, terminal segment minute ; tongue present ; frenulum

short, with club-shaped apex ; hiudtibiae with four spurs.

Nenration as in Thalassodes.

Type : Vioscorc melanomma spec. nov.

The species I described as Loxochila meeki in Koi\ Zool. x. p. 359 must be

transferred to this genus.

82. Dioscore melanomma spec. nov.

Forewing: blue-green; costal edge white, with numerous black-brown striae;

a large, obliquely placed, irregularly shaped, chocolate-brown cell-spot, with a

smaller spot touching it above, edged with pale ; lines waved, obsolete towards

costu ; first from below one-fourth of costa to one-third of inner margin, outcurved

( 133 )

above and below median vein, whitish ; onter at three-fourths, parallel to onter

margin, serpentine, broader and whiter ; friuge deep purple, paler at base at the

vein ends, and at the tips between them.

Hindwing : without inner line, the onter curved and more sharply zigzag ;

cell-spot and fringe as in forewing.

Underside silvery whitish green, deeper green towards costa of forewing ; the

brown cell-spots edged with deep green.

Head, palpi, and thorax deep green ; abdomen paler green, whitish towards

anus, with white dorsal spots ; abdomen beneath and legs pale greenish white ;

pectus and forelegs dark green ; foretarsi fuscous, with pale joints ; antennae green,

Expanse of wings : 52 mm.

2 SS.

Galactochlora gen. nov.

Forewing : costa arched ; apex square ; outer margin straight, nearly vertical ;

anal angle square.

Hindwing : broad, both angles well marked ; outer margin with a blunt angle

in middle, straight on each side.

Antennae of c? flattened, with short tubercnlate fascicles of cilia ; palpi short,

upturned, terminal segment small; tongue present ; frenulum invisible ; hind tibiae

with terminal spurs only ; anal segment of abdomen squared and loosely haired.

Nenration normal ; cell less than half of wing ; 3, 4, and 0, 7 of hindwing

stalked.

Type : Galactochlora nivestrota spec. nov.

83. Galactochlora nivestrota spec. nov.

Forewing : green, thickly powdered with white, except close before the two

lines ; costa white, thickly speckled with fuscous ; the lines fuscous at costa, then

green ; first close to base, interrupted, marked by an oblique short costal streak and

a blackish green spot on submedian fold ; outer line from two-thirds of costa to

near middle of inner margin, irregularly zigzag, acutely angled inwards on vein 5,

followed by a white diffuse cloud ; snbmarginal line white, oblique from costa to

vein 7, then straight to anal angle, where it joins a dead white marginal line ;

a broad oblique white streak from below apex to outer line above vein 6; a row

of blackish green submarginal dots between veins ; fringe white.

Hindwing : whitish-green at base, edged at one-fourth by a straight green

band with well-defined onter edge, followed by a white baud which becomes

diffuse outwardly ; snbmarginal line slightly curved from apex to anal angle ;

before it the wing is green ; marginal line white, with dark green dots between

veins.

Underside white ; costa of forewing brown-speckled ; some green marks in

cell and at apex above the oblique white line ; blackish green marginal spots on

both wings.

Palpi fuscous externally ; face deep green, below white ; vertex and antennal

shaft white ; front of shoulders and patagia green, the rest and thorax white ;

metathorax with a green bar : abdomen greased, probably white ; foretibiae fuscous

and white.

Expanse of wings : 30 mm.

( 134 )

84. Gelasma caudipunctata spec. dot.

Forewing : grass-green ; costa with white clots ; lines white ; first from near

base to beyond one-third of inner margin, ontenrved above and below median vein ;

outer line from three- fourths of costa to nearly three-fourths of inner margin,

lunulate-dentate, oblique outwards to vein G ; white marginal dots at the ends

of veius ; fringe grey -green.

Bindwing : with outer line curved, the lunnle below vein 5 more broadly

white ; tooth at vein 4 with the spot large and running into fringe.

Underside of forewing bright pale green, whiter towards inner margin ; of

hindwing whitish green throughout.

Face, palpi above, forelegs, and pectinations of antennae olive-green ; fillet

and shaft of antennae white ; vertex, thorax, and abdomen green, like wings ;

dorsum with white spots; abdomen beneath, legs, and pectus white.

Expanse of wings : 32 mm.

3 c?c?.

85. Melochlora papuensis spec. nov.

Forewing : deep apple-green ; costa ochreous with very fine oblique red striae ;

lines very fine; first near base, purplish, ontenrved on both sides of the median,

and with dark dots on the veins, closely followed by a black cell-spot with a minute

speck above it; outer line from four-fifths of costa to two-thirds of inner margin,

finely lunulate-dentate, the teeth marked by dark dots on veins ; fringe glossy

white with greenish base ; a red-brown spot at apex.

Hindwing: with the two dots on discoeellular plain; the outer line curved

and slightly postmedian ; fringe greenish white, with a minute red dot at the

tail on vein 4.

Underside whitish green, flushed with deep rosy at base of forewing, and

faintly in hindwing ; costa of forewing yellow ; a red spot at apex of forewing

and tail of hindwing.

Palpi and collar deep red ; face and vertex and shaft of antennae snow-white ;

thorax and basal half of dorsum green ; anal half white, with some bright red

scales at middle ; legs, pectus, and abdomen beneath whitish ; foretibia deep red.

Expanse of wings : 30 mm.

lc?.

86. Phorodesma sexmaculata spec. nov.

Forewing : deep green ; costa purplish grey speckled with dark ; a broad while

tooth from it to below middle of discoeellular edged with purplish ; three round

white blotches, tinged with pinkish and speckled with dark, broadly edged with

purple; one at base, a smaller one at anal angle, and a much larger one at apex ;

this last with four purple marginal spots between the veins ; marginal line between

the blotches purple ; fringe grey.

Hindwing : with large oval apical and small round anal blotch ; inner margin

narrowly purple, with the fringe white.

Underside pale green, with the blotches showing whitish ; an elongate pnrplc

snbapical and oval aual blotch on forewing and very large apical blotch on

hindwing. i

Palpi whitish, purple above; face green above, pale below ; vertex and basal

segment of antennae white; shoulders and patagia green; thorax and abdomen

( 135 )

white ; basal segment of dorsum green, edged behind with pnrple ; the other

segments with pairs of purple dots ; abdomen beneath and legs whitish ; foretarsi

purple with pale joints.

Expanse of wings : 46 mm.

1 ?.

87. Poecilostigma florediscata spec. nov.

Forewing : pale grey-green ; the costa white underlined with buff in 1 asal

two-thirds, the base itself brown ; lines dark green ; first from one-fifth of costa,

oblique and forming three curves to middle of inner margin ; outer regularly

lunulate-dentate, from five-sixths of costa to two-thirds of inner margin, the teeth

deeper green ; discocellnlar marked with blackish, placed in the middle of a grey

central fascia, outwardly dentate, reaching from subcostal vein to vein 2 ; black

marginal spots ; fringe pale yellow.

Hindwing : like forewing, but the discocellnlar marked with deep red in the

midst of a flower-shaped red patch, edged with grey and speckled with ochreons.

Underside whitish-green, rather deeper below costa of forewing, which is white.

Face above, palpi, vertex, and thorax deep green ; abdomen paler green like

wings ; the dorsal segments with pairs of deep green spots ; abdomen beneath

and legs whitish ; fillet broadly white ; face below paler.

Expanse of wings : 35 mm.

2<?<J.

88. Pyrrhaspis glauca spec. nov.

Forewing : blue-green, slightly transparent ; costal edge yellow ; lines formed

of white spots on veins ; first oblique outwards from one-fourth of costa to one-third

of inner margin, the subcostal spot faint, that on snbmedian large; outer line

slightly curved at two-thirds, the first spot on vein 6, that on snbmedian very

large ; cell-spot deeper blue-green ; minute dark dots at the ends of veins ; fringe

whitish.

Hindwing : the same, but the outer line strongly curved.

Underside whitish green, the spots showing through.

Face, palpi, thorax, and dorsum deep blue-green ; vertex and antennal shaft

white ; anal segment of abdomen, the underside, pectus, and legs whitish.

Expanse of wings : 40 mm.

1 6.

89. Pyrrhaspis marina spec. nov.

Forewing: semitransparent grey -green ; costa narrowly white; lines as in

glauca, and formed by white spots on the veins ; the spot on vein 5 in outer line

narrow and elongate and nearer base ; below vein 3 the line is more deeply iubent,

and the white spot on snbmedian vein is large and extended to margin ; cell-spot

deep green ; fringe green, with white spots at the vein ends.

Hindwing : like forewing.

Underside whitish green, the spots showing through; costa of forewing pale.

Head, thorax, and abdomen dark green ; palpi externally green ; fillet white ;

anal tnft whitish.

Expanse of wings : 40 mm.

2 ??.

( 130 )

Strepsiclilora gen. now

Forewing : costa curved throughout ; outer margin straight, nearly vertical.

Hindwing : with anal angle produced; outer margin bent at vein 4, more

strongly in ? .

Antennae of <S bi pectinate, the apex simple; palpi slender, porrect ; terminal

segment longer in ?; tongue present ; frenulum slight; hindlegs of S with tiliiae

three times the length of tarsi, thickened with a sheath, with four short spurs.

Neuration : as in Thalassodes.

Type : Strepsichlora acutilunata spec. nov.

The species described as R/wmborista inquinata in Nov. Zoo!, x. p. 303 (1903)

should be referred here, though it differs from the type in being more thickly

scaled, in the pectinated portion of the antennae of c? being shorter and the hind-

tibia less swollen.

90. Strepsichlora acutilunata spec. nov.

3. Forewing: grass-green, towards costa with irregular brown dusting; lines

very deeply lunulate-dentate ; first whitish, edged with brown scales on each side,

forming two elongated lnnules above and two below median, and half a lunule below

vein I, the lunule above vein 1 generally obsolete, the black dots marking the

inward teeth on costal and submedian veins displaced far basewards ; outer line

still more deeply lunulate-dentate, the outward teeth purplish preceded by white

dashes, the purple inward lnnules much nearer base and often interrupted, the

lines connecting them deep green ; cell-spot purplish ; fringe green.

Hindwing : with the lines both present but very indistinct ; cell-spot small.

Underside shining whitish green ; costal third of forewing deep sea-green,

the costal edge fuscous.

Face, vertex, thorax, and dorsum green ; palpi purple above, ochreous below ;

fillet narrowly purplish ; a purple spot on metathorax, and a row of white spots

on dorsum ; antenna] shaft brown with paler annulations ; pectinations grey ;

abdomen at sides and beneath, aud the legs white.

? yellow-green ; costal edge iu middle white, with clear brown striations ; the

lnnules edged with darker brown, the two above median in inner line projected

so as nearly to touch the cell-spot, which is large, red-brown, preceded by a white

spot, the upper lunule with a brown spot on costa above it ; the double lunule

of the outer line in submedian interval is similarly intensified and inwardly marked

by a white spot ; fringes pinkish, with slight dark spots beyond the veins ;

antennae speckled brown and whitish ; palpi whiter.

Expanse of wings : $, 35 mm. ; ? , 40 mm.

7c? c?, 1 ?.

91. Tachyphyle convergens spec. nov.

Forewing: pale green, with an olive-green straight line from middle of inner

margin towards apex, before which it is recurved to costa ; on the basal side of

the line the wing is washed with bluish white, becoming greener again below

costa ; costal edge finely red ; basal line fine, purplish, angled above and below

median, and dotted on the veins and folds ; discocellular marked by minute purplish

dots at upper end and middle ; the veins white beyond the middle ; an obscure

bluish white subiuarginal shade ; fringe whitish, marked with deep red at apex and

anal angle,

( 1" )

Hindi/ring : whitish at base, the olive line crossing at one-fourth and marked

with red scales, the dark green beyond it paling again before a straight postruedian

line marked by dark vein-dots.

Underside whitish green ; costa of forewing reddish at base ; apex bright red,

that of hind wing with a fuscous spot; a reddish tinge before anal angle of

forewing.

Palpi deep red ; face and vertex silvery white ; thorax and abdomen green,

the latter whiter towards amis and darker green at middle, with minute red dorsal

points ; underside and legs whitish green ; foretibiae red.

Expanse of wings : 30 mm.

2 <?<?.

02. Thalassodes balteata spec. nov.

Forewing : greenish white ; with two broad deep green bands before and

beyond the middle ; the base narrowly deep green with a silvery white spot at

base of median vein ; fringe worn, probably deep green.

Hindwing -. the same.

Underside whitish green, with the dark green bands showing throngh.

Face green above, white below ; fillet white ; thorax and dorsum dark green ;

abdomen beneath and legs whitish ; antennae green.

Expanse of wings : 26 mm.

1 (?.

93. Thalerura subangulata spec. nov.

Forewing : bright green ; costa narrowly red-brown, more broadly at base ;

basal line marked by rusty brown spots, on the folds as well as on the veins, some-

times faintly connected ; two similar spots on the discocellular represent the cell-

spot ; outer line regularly dentate-lnnnlate, from four-fifths of costa to three-fourths

of inner margin, parallel to outer margin, reddish, the teeth often more strongly

marked ; margiual line coppery red, darker at the base of fringe, which is white,

with slight brown flecks beyond veins.

Hindwing : without basal line ; the outer line ending in a large red blotch,

at middle of inner margin.

Underside whitish green ; costa of forewing and marginal lines on both wings

reddish ; base of forewing also obscurely reddish tinged.

Palpi red, with terminal segment white ; face, vertex, and basal segment of

antennae white ; thorax and basal half of dorsum green; collar, a spot on meta-

thorax, and two large blotches on the praeanal segments of dorsum red-brown ;

abdomen beneath and at sides and the legs white ; forelegs red in front.

Expanse of wings : ? 30—32 mm.

5 ? ?.

The forewing has a slight angle in outer margin at vein 4.

Subfamily STERRHINAE.

Argyroscelia gen. nov.

A development of Ptychopoda-, distinguished by the armature of the hindlcgs

of the <$ ; these have a very large and dense tuft of hair from the femoro-tibial

joint as long as the tibia itself; the tarsus and tibia are externally fringed with

( 138 )

hairs and internally clothed with smooth very glossy silvery scaling1, the end of the

tihia hearing a flap-like process, which is capable oflateral extension.

Type : Argyroscelia gravipes spec. nov.

04. Argyroscelia gravipes spec. nov.

Foreiving : brownish grey, slightly dusted with dark ; lines very obscure,

rather darker on costa and at inner margin, antemediau, postmedian, and two

submargiual ; cell-spot black, distinct ; fringe concolorous, with dark dots along

its base.

Hindwing : similar ; outer line marked by a black spot on inner margin.

Underside pale brownish ochreous, with the cell-spots clear.

Head, thorax, and abdomen like wings; face ami palpi dark brown; legs

ochreous ; tibial tuft ochreous, that on femur dark pink.

Expanse of wings : 16 mm.

3 ii, 1 ?.

95. Chrysocraspeda analiplaga spec. nov.

Foreiving : purplish red, without distinct markings ; outer margin yellow, very

narrowly from vein 4 to 2 and interrupted at 3 where the red touches the margin,

and forming a large triangular blotch at anal angle ; the edge of the red ground-

colour is bright blood-red, a streak of this running inwards along vein 2 ; cell-spot

black ; minute red dots at end of veins ; fringe yellow.

Hindwing: with the yellow margin fairly broad to vein 3, quite narrow from

3 to anal angle ; cell-spot shining white ; fringe yellow.

Underside rosy pink, with the yellow margin and fringe as above ; cell-spot of

hindwing dull-white.

Vertex, thorax, and dorsum purple-red; face and antennae yellowish varied

with red ; abdomen at sides and beneath and the legs yellowish ; forelegs rosy.

Expanse of wings : 26 mm.

1 ?.

Outer margins of both wings rounded.

96. Chrysocraspeda fasciata spec. nov.

Forewing : blood-red ; the costa with red and yellow striae ; a slightly darker

central fascia with darker edges, the inner preceded and the outer followed by

a faintly paler line, each marked by a yellowish spot on snbmedian fold ; the red

ground runs to margin at apex, and between veins 3 and 4 ; on each side of this

space the margin and fringe are yellow. The ? has some grey scaling in middle

with darker striae and no yellowish edging to the lines.

Hindwing : brighter red ; the yellow outer margin broader and not interrupted ;

fringe of inner margin yellow; edges of fascia very indistinct ; in the ? with a

yellow baud close to base.

Underside dark grey, with the outer margins and fringes yellow, the yellow

lines visible in the t?.

Head, thorax, and abdomen reddish, in the ? grey-tinged.

Expanse of wings : 22 mm.

1 c?, 1 ?.

Oater margins rounded in both wiugs. Veins 10 and 11 coincident]}' anastomose

with 12, in afterwards anastomosing with 8, 9, firming a double areole.

( 139 )

97. Chrysocraspeda ignita spec. nov.

Forewing : brownish slate-colonr ; the costa diffusely red beyond middle, and

qnite narrowly at base, with a cloudy red triangle before middle at the apex of

which is a yellowish cell-spot; the dark ground-colonr is broadly edged with vivid

red, forming teeth at veins 2 and 3 touching the margin, which is narrowly yellow

above, and forms a yellow triangle at anal angle ; fringe yellow, touched with red

at vein 3.

Hindwing : similar, without costal triangle ; cell-spot small, white.

Underside of forewing deep blood-red, the inner margin slaty black ; of

hindwing wholly black with the margin only blood-red ; yellow fringes and margin

as above.

Vertex, thorax, and abdomen like wings ; face reddish yellow ; abdomen beneath

whitish ; legs reddish.

Expanse of wings : 25 mm.

1 ?.

Outer margin slightly elbowed in both wings.

98. Chrysocraspeda praegriseata spec. nov.

Forewing : dull greyish rosy ; the costa and apex pale ashy grey ; the edge of

the rosy area deeper red, especially before apex, where it is irregularly waved ; a

red oblique streak from costa near base to the black cell-spot, where it is angled

and runs obliquely inwards to base of inner margin ; a slighter streak from middle

of costa running in to the deeper edge ; fringe yellowish grey; marginal line pink

below middle.

Hindwing : with darker red striae in places, a red line close to base and an

obscure snbmarginal one ; a diffuse deep red marginal shade, before which the

ground-colour is paler ; fringe yellow ; cell-spot white surrounded with deep red.

Underside slaty grey ; the costa of forewing broadly aud of hindwing narrowly

dull red ; fringes yellow.

Head, shoulders, and abdomen deep red; patagia and thorax greyish red.

Expanse of wings : 25 mm.

1 <?.

99. Chrysocraspeda purpurissa spec. nov.

Forewing : dull purplish ; lines dull red-brown, basal, antemedian, and sub-

marginal ; the first two excurved in middle aud recurved to inner margin, the

outer running near and parallel to outer margin ; all marked with brighter red

below middle ; marginal area very slenderly yellow, the dark ground-colour limited

by a deep red crenulate line, running into fringe at apex ; fringe yellow, with a red

blotch beyond vein 3 ; costa narrowly red with dark dots.

Hindwing : bright brick-red, covered with short dark transverse striae ; a black

cell-spot aud blackish snbmarginal line, the margin beyond it suffused with darker;

fringe and hindmargin narrowly yellow.

Underside dark slate-colour, the narrow margin and fringe yellow ; some obscure

snbmarginal yellow spots.

Head and thorax purple mixed with red; abdomen brick-red spotted with black.

( HO)

Expanse of wings : 25 mm.

1 ?.

Both wings with outer margins rounded. Veins 10 and 11 coineidently anasto-

mose with 12, 10 afterwards anastomosing with 8 and 9.

100. Chrysocraspeda uncimargo spec. nov.

Fore wing : grey-brown, striated with chocolate-brown and with a chocolate-

brown cloud at base and before the yellow margin above median vein ; a broad

chocolate mark across cell before the obliipie black discal mark; veins yellow,

finely dotted with black ami brown; costa broadly dull yellow, becoming buff before

apex and along onter margin to below middle, separated from the dark ground

by a pale yellow bracket-shaped mark ; the margin below middle yellow; fringe

yellow, brownish between veins 3 and 4.

Hindu-lug: base deep brown, followed by a curved bnff fascia ; cell-mark

linear, silvery white, touching a red-brown streak and shade, the rest of the wing

being olive-brown, with a dull yellow submargiual patch above middle ; fringe

yellowish.

Underside of forewing dull black, the outer margin and fringe yellow, the costa

red ; hindwing with cell and costal area black, the rest yellow flushed with reddish :

the linear cell-sjjot black.

Head, thorax, and abdomen bnff; sides of abdomen deep brown from base,

meeting across third segment : abdomen beneath and legs yellowish white.

Expanse of win^s : 24 mm.

2 SS.

Forewing strongly elbowed at middle, the lower half of outer margin nearly

parallel to costa; hindwing strongly but bluntly angled in middle.

101. Emmiltis delospila spec. nov. ami ab. griseella nov.

Forewing: bone-colour, slightly grey-speckled, more thickly along costa;

lines grey ; the first curved, near base, marked by three distinct black spots on the

veins ; the outer at four-fifths, with all the teeth well marked on the veins, that on

vein 0 displaced outwards ; cell-spot, and marginal spots black ; median shade

lunnlate-dentate, from costa shortly before outer line, strongly incurved below

middle to middle of inner margin ; two faint grey snbmarginal shades ; fringe

concolorous ; a black dot at base of vein 1.

Hindwing: without basal line; the autemedian inarched before the black

cell-spot ; the inner snbmarginal shade distinct and broad.

Underside clear whitish, with the outer row of dots distinct ; forewing suffused

with grey towards base and costa ; cell-spots black.

Lower half of face and palpi beneath bone-colour, above dark brown : vertex

white ; thorax and abdomen bone-colonr dusted with grey.

Expanse of wings : £ 2"> mm. ; ? 24 — 27 mm.

1 c?,5 ? ?.

Hindtibiae much thickened ; hiudtarsi short, about one-third of the length of

tibiae ; ciliations of antennae of t? long.

In the aberration griseella the grey dusting is much denser, and all the grey

lines thicker; the face is morejiroadly brown, and the wings expand only 22 mm.

1 S, 2 ¥ ¥, from the same locality as the typo.

( 141 )

102. Eremocentra glareosa spec. uov. and ab. fuscisecta uov.

Forewing : greyish yellow, (lasted witb pinkish grey ; tbe lines grey, marked

by deep purple or black spots on veins ; tbe median shade distinct, and tbe

teetb of outer line prominent ; cell-spot small, cloudy, blackish ; marginal spots

between tbe veins ; fringe like wings.

llindwing : the same ; a few red scales close to base ; cell-spot whitish, oval,

sometimes within a thick black ring.

Underside paler, with the markings red, especially the cell-spots ; forewing

deep rosy at base.

Palpi red above, yellowish below ; face red above, white below: vertex, thorax,

and abdomen like wings ; dorsum with small red dots ; forelegs in front, and tuft

of hindtibiae deep rosy.

Expanse of wings : 32 mm.

11 6S.

One of these, rather smaller than the average, is without grey dusting, and has

tbe lines obsolete except the inner and outer, which are marked by black vein-dots

only ; but instead shows a thick fuscous dentate median shade crossing middle

of both wings, while tbe anal angle of forewing and apical angle of hiudwing are

both fuscous ; for this the name fuscisecta is j>roposed.

103. Eremocentra strarameata spec. uov.

Forewing : yellow straw-colour, dusted with red atoms ; the lines grey ; first

at one-fourth, outcnrved above and below median vein, marked by darker vein-

dots and one on subcostal nearer base ; median shade distinctly dentate-lunulate,

projecting on veins 3 and 4 ; outer line lunulate-deutate, the teeth marked black

on the veins ; praesubmarginal shade interrupted between 6 and 7, and between

3 and 4 ; black marginal spots between veins and dots at their ends ; fringe straw-

colour; cell-spot oval, marked with a black dot towards costa.

llindwing : tbe same, tbe cell-spot round, black-edged.

Underside paler ; the markings rosy, plainer in forewing than hindwing ; the

cell-spots ringed with rosy.

Palpi deep red above, ocbreous below ; face white, dull red above ; vertex and

thorax straw-colour dusted with reddish ; abdomen pure straw-colour, with a deep

rosy saddle on fourth segment ; abdomen beneath and legs pale straw ; foretibiae

in front and the tufts on hindtibiae and femora rosy.

Expanse of wings : 32 mm.

1 6.

Euthysana gen. uov.

Distinguished by the very long and dense curved cilia of the antennae of

the c? ; in the hindwing 6, 7 are not stalked, but from upper end of cell, as in

Entmiltis Hub. ; but the ? has only terminal spurs as in Ptychopoda Stph., with

which the hindlegs of the c? agree. The scaling of tbe discocellular spot of tbe

hindwing also is peculiar.

Type : E. incompicua Warr. (Si/mmacra).

( 142 )

lu4. Euthysana inconspicua.

Symmacra incougpicua Warr., Nov. ZociL vi. p. 338, J (IhO'J)-

I (It'scribcil the species in 1809 from a single ?, placing it temporarily in

Symmacra. The insect lias not reappeared in the various consignments from New

Guinea until lately, when 4 3 <S and 1 ? have come from Biagi.

It cannot be left in Symmacra, as the hindlegs of the S are aborted, as in

Ptyckopoda, and without spurs. The S 6 are slightly smaller thau the ? ?

(22 mm.), and all alike are tinged with reddish, which was not observable in the

type specimen. The darker lines are accompanied by a pale line, following the

outer and preceding the inner.

105. Organopoda orbata spec. nov.

Forewing : very dark red-brown, the markings dark fuscous and obscure, the

whole with an olive tinge ; costal edge deep red; base, inner, median, outer, and

two sabmarginal shades thick and dark;_the median and outer incurved below

middle ; minute pale marginal dots at the vein ends; fringe reddish, dark brown

in basal half ; cell-spot large, round, white, edged with dark and with some dark

scales at middle.

Hindwing : similar ; with the basal line absent ; cell-spot four times as large

as on forewing, with a black ring at centre.

Underside of forewing dull rosy, with the lines deeper; of hindwing dull

yellow, flushed with rosy towards costa ; cell-spot reddish.

Face, palpi, collar, and forelegs deep red ; < vertex and antennae white ;

thorax aud abdomen like wings ; tufts of hindtibiae deep rosy ; fringe of tarsi

rosy ochreous.

Expanse of wings : 35 mm.

1 <J.

106. Organopoda sublucens spec. nov.

Forewing : deep red-brown, powdered with dark scales, the tips of which iu

certain lights take a lilac reflection ; the markings blackish, obscure ; inner,

median, outer, aud two submarginal shades ; the median thick ; the outer thin ;

both vertical, aud outcurved from fold to fold ; costal edge aud a marginal line

deep red, without dark or light scales ; cell-spot large, blackish ; fringe reddish.

Hindwing : similar ; the basal line wanting.

Underside dull vinous; cell-spot of hindwing deep red; inner margin of

forewing whitish.

Face, palpi, and collar deep red; thorax anil abdomen red-brown mixed with

dark scales ; vertex aud antennae white.

Expanse of wings : 44 mm.

1 ?.

107. Perixera bisecta Warr.

This species was described from 2 ? ? from the Angabunga River aud doubt-

fully referred to Perixera. I have now seen a pair from Biagi, the d of which is

a true Perixera, belonging to the section with tufted hindtibiae. The species

described at the same time, also from 2 ? ? , as P.'t indigent, must, I think, be

referred to bisecta as an aberration, without the cross-line at middle.

( 143 )

108. Perixera exaucta spec. nov.

Like P. subalbescens Warr., but larger and with a very pronounced ochreons

tinge, with the lines and shades all more strongly marked than in that species,

but otherwise exactly corresponding ; in the hindwing, however, the cell-spot is

decidedly larger, round and yellow, with some orange scales before the dark ring,

which is very slight. Underneath the ochreons tinge is more evident ; the base of

costa is dull red, and the cell-spot of hindwing reddish.

2 3$.

These <J t expand 35 mm., and are as large as the ¥ ? of subalbescens.

109. Perixera? flavissima spec. nov.

Forewing : deep dull yellow, covered with olive-grey and reddish striae ; lines

slightly darker, reddish grey, obscure : first at one-fourth, rather thick, outenrved

above and below median vein ; cell-spot formed of a few white scales ; median

shade thick and dentate, projecting on veins 3 and 4 ; outer line lnnulate-dentate,

the teeth marked dark grey on the veins ; snbmarginal line pale in the midst of

a deeper band ; marginal spots purple between the veins ; fringe yellow.

Hindwing : similar ; the cell-spot white and larger.

Underside like npper.

Face and palpi reddish ; vertex, thorax, and abdomen deep yellow ; forelegs

and some lateral patches on abdomen reddish.

Expanse of wings : 35 mm.

1 ?.

110. Perixera? indecisa spec. nov.

Forewing : pale luteous, thickly sprinkled with greyish purple atoms, darkest

along costa ; inner aud outer lines marked only by slight dark dashes on veins,

sometimes united by a faint grey line ; cell-spot linear, dark, followed by a faint

sinuous median shade which is sligbtly dentate externally on the veins ; marginal

purplish dots between veins and minute ones at their ends ; fringe concolorous.

Hindwing : the same, but the cell-spot whitish and oval.

Underside pale rosy, deeper in forewing; marginal dots reddish ; the others

showing through.

Palpi and forelegs deep red ; face brownish red, pale below ; vertex and

antennae white ; thorax and abdomen like wings.

Expanse of wings : 27 mm.

3 ¥ ?.

111. Perixera subalbescens Warr.

In the description of this species in Nov. Zool. x. p. 368 (1903) the cell-spot of

the hindwing is stated to have a small pale centre ; this is trne as far as it goes,

but the scales are really yellow in the middle; of 4 e?<? from Biagi, lately

received, one agrees exactly with the type, the other three have the black rings of

the cell-spot in the hindwing reduced, and the central yellow scales correspond-

ingly developed into a plain round yellow spot. In 2 ¥ ? , however, from the same

locality, which are probably the other sex of subalbescens, the cell-spot of hindwing

has the black ring larger and more oval and the centre composed of pale pinkish

scales; these ? ? have a more decided brownish middle shade than the <?<?, and

expand 35 mm. to the 80 mm. of the <$.

( 144 )

112. Pisoraca festiva Warr.

Perixem{?) fsstiea Warr., Nov. Zool. xiii. p. 00. $ (1906).

A series of 10 6 6 and 1 ? from Biagi shows that this insect is a Pisoraca;

the discocellnlar spots of hindwing vary mnch in colour and size.

113. Pisoraca rufiplaga ab. fasciata nov. and ab. nigriversa uov.

The insect described by me in Soc. Zool. x. p. 307 (1903) as Mesotropke !

rufiplaga,wa& that in Nov. Zool. xiii. p. 01 (1906) as Perixera? stabilata, both ? ?,

prove to belong to one and the same species, of which the hindtibia of the 6 has

the three spurs of Pisoraca. Taking 1'. rufiplaga as the type, stabilata must be

considered an aberration ; to which I now add two more.

The aberration fasciata has no dark markings (except sometimes the cell-spot,

of hindwing), but the space between median ami outer lines and the marginal space

beyond submarginal line both stand out as greyer fasciae. In the aberration

nigriversa the reddish blotches of the type are changed to black, but the blotch

beyond the cell is not represented.

A long series, including 1 6 of the type form and 1 ¥ of aberration nigriversa,

3 66, 3 ? ¥ of aberration futsviata, and 5 tJcT, 3 ? ? of Stabilata.

114. Pisoraca tenuis spec. nov.

Forewing : fawn-colour, sometimes brownish- or reddish-tinged, very finely

dusted with darker; the veins sometimes showing darker; lines obscure, marked

only by small dark dots on veins, the inner near base and the outer near margin ;

cell-spot small, linear, on upper half of discocellnlar ; fringe rather paler, with

minute dark dots at margin between the veins; a faintly darker sinuous median

shade.

Hindwing: more thinly scaled; and without inner row of dots.

Underside pale flesh-colour, redder in forewing, with the marginal dots plainer ;

the others showing through.

Face, palpi, and forelegs above dull reddish, pale below ; vertex, thorax, and

abdomen like wings.

Expanse of wings : 28 — 30 mm.

(5 66.

1 1 5. Ptychopoda biagita spec. nov.

Forewing : dull brick-red, the bands and dusting olive-ochreous ; costal streak

ochreous ; basal band curved from one-fourth of Costa to one-third of inner margin,

the area within it mainly ochreons ; outer band at three-fourths, vertical, outeurved

from 4 to submediau fold ; submarginal, more waved, to anal angle; a pale band

along outer margin ; fringe ochreous, with dark dots on base at the vein ends ;

cell-spot blackish, distinct.

Hindwing: similar; the inner margin with ochreous scales.

Underside ochreous; the dark areas slightly marked in reddish; cell-spots

large and plain.

Face and palpi externally dark purple-brown ; thorax and abdomen ochreous,

the latter belted with reddish ; vertex and antennae ochreous ; middle tibiae with

( 145 )

an expansible pencil of ochreous hairs : hindfemora with a dense tuft of dark grey

and ochreons hairs.

Expanse of wings : 17 rum.

1 <J.

116. Zeugma albidisca spec. nov.

Forewing : ochreons grey, slightly dark-speckled ; lines shown by dark vein-

spots, but very indistinct, except those below middle of outer line, which runs to

near middle of inner margin; minute dark dots at the euds of the veins and on the

margin between them ; fringe concolorous.

Hindwing : similar, but the cell-spot large, oblong, silvery white.

Underside pale ochreous, flushed in forewing with dull pink, with outer and

submarginal pinkish bands : hindwing with three pink bauds, and the cell-spot

whitish in a pink suffusion.

Head, thorax, and abdomen grey ; lower half of face, fillet, and antenna] shaft

white.

In the ? the ground-colour is yellowish ochreous, showing especially along the

course of the outer and submarginal lines ; the cell-spot of hindwing reduced to a

small white mark.

Expanse of wings : 28 mm.

1 <?, 1 ¥.

Subfamily HYURIOMENINAE.

117. Chaetolopha semiradiata spec. nov.

Forewing: sandy brown, dusted with dark brown; markings dark brown,

thick ; costa at base brown ; first line from one-third of costa oblique inwards

to one-fifth of inner margin, thickened below cell, diffuse outwards ; second

from middle of costa to middle of inner margin, somewhat excurved from cell

and thickened below it, diffuse inwardly ; first edged by a slightly paler space

inwardly and second outwardly ; two brown streaks before onter margin, one,

horizontal, along vein 7, the other, somewhat oblique, along vein 2 ; a fine dark

brown marginal line ; fringe pale with dark mottling beyond veins : along lower

half of cell and beyond to submarginal line a blurred grey streak from base.

Hindwing: pale brownish grey : a broad pale band just beyond middle bent

on median vein, diffuse outwardly, edged inwardly by a slight dark line ; cell-spot

grey, obscure.

Underside paler ; forewing blurred, without markings ; basal half dull grey,

edged with paler: hindwing with clear dark brown speckling ; cell-spot and outer

line distinct, dark brown; the line pale-edged outwardly.

Head, thorax, and abdomen sandy brown ; palpi externally and edge of patagia

dark brown ; dorsum with a pale Hue down the middle.

Expanse of wings: 22 mm.

1 3.

lis. Coenocalpe caliginosa spec. nov.

Forewing: dark brown, with the markings blackish ; a dark brown basal patch,

followed by a paler brown curved band; central fascia dark brown with blackish

bands at its edges and crossed by waved dark lines ; its outer edge is indented

below costa, iusiuuate beyond cell, and forms two blunt teeth projecting below

Ki

< 146 )

middle; followed by a pale hand and dark praesubmaririnal shade traversed by two

dentate lines ; submarginal line pale, zigzag, obscured l>y a blackish cloud beyond

cell, and below veiu 4 becoming a more or less conspicuous pale streak; marginal

line fine, black, interrupted by pale dots on the veins ; fringe dark brown.

Hindtoing : similar.

Underside pale grey, with all the bands slightly darker.

Head, thorax, and abdomen black-brown.

Expanse of wings : 20 mm.

2 Jc?,2 ? ?.

Superficially much like Eucymatoge subradiata from the same place, but the

undersides are quite different.

119. Coenocalpe hirtivena ab. carneata nov.

Differs from the type of hirtivena Warr. in having the ground-colour of basal

and marginal areas of both wings and the whole of the body deep flesh-colour.

1 <J and 1 ¥ worn, along with several of the type form.

120. Collix suffusca spec. nov.

Foremng : olive grey-brown, with a purplish sheen in certain lights ; the lines

darker brown, double, and acutely angled outwards on subcostal vein; basal, ante-

median, and postmediau, the last widely outcurved beyond the cell-spot, which is

kidney-shaped finely edged with yellowish, the centre of velvety black erect scales ;

band beyond postmediau outwardly edged by a regularly lunulate-dentate dark line,

the teeth of which touch black lines running to outer margin, across which the

submarginal line cuts, forming bright white spots ; pale marginal dots at the end

of veins ; fringe concolorous.

Hindtoing : similar, but the cell-spot smaller, and the submarginal white dots

larger.

Underside uniform silky olive-brown ; cell-spots black; two curved series of

elongate dark brown marks, postmedian and submarginal, the former on, the latter

between, the veins.

Head, thorax, and abdomen brown ; palpi and a lateral stripe on basal half of

abdomen ruddy.

Expanse of wings : 6 3U mm. ; ? 34 mm.

3 cJcJ, 2 ¥ ?.

Differs from the other species by the dark underside.

121. Crasilogia flavipennis spec. nov.

S. Identical with C. dispar in forewing except that the inner edge of central

fascia is not so oblique, starting more vertically, from costa ; consequently the pale

band between basal patch and central fascia is wider at costa than in dispar; and

:is the inner edge becomes oblique only from submedian fold to inner margin, the

central fascia itself is wider on inner margin than in dispar: in the hindwing

instead of the white of dispar, the costal area is yellowish white, while the

rough-haired portion of the wing below vein 7 is greyish fulvous instead of pale

grey, and the curved fringes of the cleft are olive-brown instead of black. Moreover

the shape of the hindwing is different: instead of the wing being shouldered at

( 14? )

apex and the outer margin running nearly straight to the cleft, the apex and outer

margin are well-rounded and the bead at vein 4 not BO prominent.

In the ? the hindwing is wholly deep yellow, without grey shading anl ban U.

IS, 1 ?, the same size as C. dispar.

122. Crasilogia fumipennis Warr.

The species was referred to Crasilogia in the absence of the c? : cf. Nov.

Zool. xiii. p. 'J'.* ( 1906) ; and the examination of that sex confirms the position.

The forewing of the <5 does not differ from that of the ? , except in being

somewhat darker : the hindwing is trowel-shaped, with the obtuse angle of apex

and anal angle opposite each other ; the wing above is wholly covered with a mat

of raised furry seales, olive fuscous at base, the apical third, with the fringe, being

glossy ochreous.

Underneath the wiug is crossed by the same wavy lines and grey shades

as in the ?. The anal segment of abdomen is thickened, fuscous varied with

yellowish ; the anal tufts pale ochreous.

2 <?cJ, accompanied by 4 ? ?.

The S is the same size as that given for the ? in the original description,

but some of the ? ¥ from the Mambare River are 42 mm.

123. Crasilogia subflava spec. nov.

This species, of which only a ? has arrived, closely resembles fumipennis :

the ground-colour of the intervals is paler, being without the dark shades of

fumipennis, consisting of an equal admixture of olive-yellow and fuscous scales ;

the outer edge of the central fascia is less strongly crenulate, and not followed

by a distinct yellow line : the hindwing is a much paler olive-brown.

The underside, however, differs altogether : the base of the forewing and costal

area to submarginal line are dull deep yellow, the rest of the wing olive fuscous ;

the fringe yellow with fuscous mottling: hindwing dull yellow, with two curved

waved thick lines and a broad marginal border fuscous ; the yellow intervals dusted

with fuscous, hardly forming lines.

Head, thorax, and abdomen fuscous and ochreous mixed.

Expanse of wings : 38 mm.

1 ?.

Lasioedma gen. nov.

Forewing : triangular ; costa straight, with a slight curve at base and before

apex ; outer margin curved, as long as inner margin.

Hindwing : in S narrowed : underside with a deep narrow furrow along the

Bubmedian fold, the space between it and inner margin swollen on both surfaces,

folded over beneath and containing a large bed of down within ; a fringe of hair

along median vein and vein 2 above.

Palpi nearly as in .. Eschrostoma Warr. ; the second segment bearded, the third

short, drooping. Antennae bipectinate.

Areole of forewing single; 10 and 11 being stalked, 10 anastomosing with

7, 8, 0.

Basal half "1' venter with a mat of rough scaling, a lateral curl of hairs

on each segment.

Tvpe : Lasioedma fioccosa spec. nov.

( 148 )

124. Lasioedma floccosa Bpec. nov.

Forewing : dark brick-red; costa dotted black and white, with outwardly

oblique whitish streaks from it : lines waved, black and white, basal and

antemedian and four postruediau ; the outermost insinuate on each fold, the sinus

rilled with whitish scales ; submarginal line of white wedge-shaped marks, rilled

up with deep black below costa, beyond cell, and on submedian fold and edged

outwardly with black : cell-spot large and black ; a blackish shade along outer

half of each fold ; space from 5 to 7 between outer and submarginal lines purer

red; apex black; marginal line fine, concisely black; fringe reddish, with

blackish mottling.

Hindiving : similar in ?: in the S the Hues are less expressed, but the veins

are dotted black and white ; the swollen fold on inner margin is clothed with black

and white scales, the furrow being smooth and ochreous ; the fringe of hair on

median vein reddish.

Underside duller, with all the markings blacker and plainer, especially in S ;

the hindwing and inner half of forewing whiter; the fold and furrow in 3 glossy

ochreous.

Head, thorax, and abdomen reddish speckled with grey ; anal tuft of 3

ochreous ; praeaual segments of dorsum blackish.

Expause of wings : 30 mm.

10 3 3, 2 ? ?.

125. Ochyria auratisquama spec. nov.

Forewing : brownish fuscous ; all the lines silvery bluish, but apt to be

interrupted ; basal patch rather darker, crossed by two and edged by a third

bluish line ; central fascia dark brown, edged on each side by a silvery blue line,

and with a single line across its middle; the two pale bands on each side formed

of gilded yellow scales with two very fine dentate dark lines through each ;

submarginal line wavy, lustrous, preceded and followed by brown shades, the

marginal shade mixed with golden, especially below vein 4 ; fringe brown, its

basal half blotched with blue between the veins, the outer half mottled brown

and whitish.

Hindwing: pale grey, rather bronzy; the fringe rufous.

Underside olive-grey ; some bluish white scales along outer margin and fringes;

the hindwing with the curved cross-lines accompanied by whitish scales.

Head, thorax, and abdomen a mixture of brown, yellow, and lustrous blue

scales.

Expanse of wings : 17 mm.

4 33, 4 ? ?.

120. Ochyria prodiga spec. nov.

Very close to O.fulvietriga Warr., of which eight examples, quite typical, have

been received from the same locality as the present species. It differs in bavin"

all the markings more waved and sinuate instead of straight and exact : the lustrous

tints stronger, especially in the outer half of wing; the hindwing dark slaty

grey, like the underside of both wings. .Superficially it might be mistaken for

Xenoclystia itnipuncta, but the different antennae will distinguish it.

Expanse of wings : 20 mm.

1 3.

( 149 )

127. Onagrodes recurva spec nov.

Forewing : snuff-brown ; towards base and along costa and outer margin

broken up by brownish buff scales ; along costa there are visible oblique streaks

of brown with broader pale intervals ; at one-fourth and two-thirds there are traces

of darker dentate lines, the first obscurely curved to two-fifths of inner margin, the

outer oblique to vein 6, then incurved to two-thirds of inner margin ; submarginal

pale and waved ; cell-spot brown.

Hindwing : with outer margin broadly and inner margin more narrowly

snuff-brown ; the area within smooth dull blurred grey, containing an oval patch

of mealy ochreons scales.

Underside of forewing pale brown in costal half, with the lines obscurely

darker ; dark brown below middle, with an oval patch of ochreons scales between

veins 1 and 2 : hindwing brown, crossed by some pale lines, and with indications

of the pale patch of npperside.

Head, thorax, and abdomen all snuff-brown.

Expanse of wings : 22 mm.

1 <?.

All the wings have a tendency to curve upwards along the outer margins,

so that the short fringes are at right angles to the plane of the wing.

128. Spectrobasis differens spec. nov.

Forewing : olive-fuscous, not so dark as in maligna ; the costa, as in that

species, green for one-third from base, then pink with dark streaks ; submarginal

line not visible, but on the other hand the two lines edging the central fascia

traceable ; fringe whitish, pink only along base, mottled with black.

Hindwing : uniform fuscous, with the bauds of underside hardly showing ;

fringe fnscons.

Underside of forewing like maligna, but paler ; the costa in <$ tinged with

yellowish-ochreous as well as red : hindwing in $ with the antemedi.-tn band

narrower and better defined ; the base of postmedian white to middle ; the

submarginal formed of separate white wedge-shaped marks ; costa yellowish

ochreous ; in ? more or less overrun with red ; the bauds less marked, with

a reddish central line, the outer one yellowish.

Face, vertex, and patagia green, and the thorax also greenish, not velvety

black ; abdomen paler, ochreous with black dusting ; antennae fuscous.

Expanse of wings : 26 mm.

2 <?<?, 1 ?.

The larger ? mentioned iu the description of S. viridis, Nor. Zool. xiii. p. 103,

belongs to this species.

129. Spectrobasis maligna spec. nov.

Forewing : dull greenish fuscous on a pinkish ground, the pink only showing

along costa and towards apex ; costal edge with black streaks, the beginning of the

lines, separated by pinkish intervals ; the costal space above subcostal vein reddish

at base, then green to one-third; lines hardly traceable across wing below subcostal

vein, except the submarginal, which is waved and pinkish below costa : in one

specimen the veins towards margin and the extreme margin itself are reddish ;

fringe pink, with distinct black mottling.

Hindwing : fnscons, with obscurely paler antemedian and postmedian bands

( 150 )

showing through, the latter sometimes forming a pinkish blotch at costa; fringe

pinkish, mottled with brown-red or fuscons.

Underside of forewing blurred grey, the costal area and outer margin red-brown

with pale speckling ; the snbmarginal Hue pale ami waved ; costa marked with

dark and light : hindwing red-brown marked with black-brown in places ; a white

straight antemedian baud, and indistinct curved and narrower postmedian double

line, tinged with brown below costa; snbmarginal white, waved, distinct.

Face, vertex, and patagia moss-green ; palpi fuscous with pale dots; shoulders

and thorax velvety black with a red tinge, sides of thorax grey ; abdomen black-

brown, ochreous towards base and marked with red on sides; legs mottled fuscous

and pink ; antennae red.

Expanse of wings : 28 mm.

2 ? ?.

130. Spectrobasis plumosa spec now

Differs from the other species of the genus by the absence of all pink or

reddish tints, except on the legs and shoulders, and by the longer pectinations of

the antennae of the 6.

Forewing : black-grey ; costal area greenish nearly to middle, then ochreous

with black pale-edged streaks at the lines, which are all traceable across wing,

rather darker than the ground-colour ; fringe ochreous, mottled with black.

Hindwing : dull blackish ; the pale bands slightly showing through.

Underside of forewiug dull grey; the costa greenish, with pale and dark

dusting, and the chief lines marked along it ; outer margin blackish ; a black

marginal line interrupted by the pale vein ends : hindwing dull brown, blotched

with black ; costa broadly greenish ; antemedian baud white, with a ragged streak

outwards below costa ; snbmarginal line shown by three white subapical blotches ;

outer line obscured.

Face, vertex, and patagia green ; thorax deep olive-green ; shoulders reddish

fuscons ; abdomen ochreous dusted and belted with blackish ; forelegs reddish,

Expanse of wings : 24 mm.

3 38, 2 ??.

The longer pectinations of the antennae are characteristic.

131. Xanthorhoe vinosa spec. nov.

Forewing: whitish, overlaid with vinous scales ; the lines and shading darker

Vilnius ; basal patch small ; central fascia broad at costa, below vein 2 half as

wide ; the outer edge insinuate beyond cell and forming a bilobed projection

below middle, then running obliquely inwards ; the edges deep vinous, the centre

paler, and traversed by three or four waved lines ; the fascia is edged on each side

by a narrow pale band with dark line through it, the inner separated from basal

patch by a dark reddish shade ; the outer followed by a dull reddish prae-

submarginal band, darkest at costa and beyond cell ; snbmarginal line wavy,

obscurely pale ; marginal area vinous ; marginal lunnles deeper ; fringe vinous.

Hindwing: similar, but paler, especially along costa.

Underside dull reddish grey, the markings of upperside showing through.

Head and thorax dark reddish : abdomen paler, with dark bands at base.

Expanse of wings : 3G mm.

1 3.

( 151 )

Subfamily TEPHROCLYSTIINAE.

132. Adeta viridis spec. nov.

Foreioing: yellowish olive-green, with all the lines, which are strongly

waved, dark grey ; cell-spot blackish, on the inner edge of central fascia, of which

the onter edge is well curved and dentate between veins ; marginal line black,

interrupted by green dots at the veins ; fringe greenish, with a paler basal line.

Hindwing : paler, the markings being only darker green, not grey.

Underside pale green (in the more faded example yellow-green), with all the

markings distinct and blackish.

Head, thorax, and abdomen all green ; the dorsum, especially laterally, with

blackish dusting ; abdomen beneath, pectus, and legs yellow-green.

Expanse of wings : 25 mm.

2 ? ¥.

133. Aniserpetes longispinata spec, no v.

Foreioing: grey, with a vinous tinge, especially at base; edges of central

fascia formed by brown-black bands, the outer band oblique outwards to below

vein 4, and there ending, the inner edge curved and waved, preceded by a line

white line and pale band, as the outer edge is followed ; centre of fascia above

median blotched with white ; submarginal line obscurely paler ; marginal line

black, interrupted by large white spots at the vein ends ; fringe grey flecked

with white.

Hindwing : with the lines less marked, visible only below median, the costal

half being pale and blurred.

Underside dull greyish rufous.

Head, thorax, and abdomen reddish grey.

Expanse of wiDgs : 16 mm.

1 ?.

Recognisable by the long oblique npper half of outer band of tlie white central

blotch, as well as by the long slender spurs.

134. Aniserpetes pallidipunctata spec. nov.

Forewing : greenish brown ; costa with two black spots at one-third and

three-fifths ; the lines from them inwardly curved, and black on the veins ; outer

irregularly crenulate, slightly bilobed ami projecting below 4, followed by a fine

white line, forming part of a grey band ; submargiual line waved, pale, followed

between 3 and 4 by a small square whitish spot; fringe pale grey, beyond a fine

marginal line.

Hindwing : less marked ; outer edge of central fascia angled outwards in

middle.

Underside brownish grey ; both wings with a dark outer line followed by a

slight pale band.

Head, thorax, and abdomen like wings, tin: abdomen reddish-tinged.

Expanse of wings : 18 mm.

2 S3.

( 152 )

135. Aniserpetes variotiucta spec. uov.

Forewing: ochreons, tinged with pale green and pale brick-red; the linos

blackish : the inner margin from base to outer line, the central fascia above vein ■_',

and the paler spaces of the praesnbmarginal band pale brick-red; the snbmedian

interval and lower half of praesnbmarginal band pale green ; space at base before

. filled with curved blackish lines; central fascia with two dark traversing

lines, and edged on each side by a pearly grey line, which externally forms part of

a pale band; submarginal line preceded by blackish blotches at costa and beyond

cell, and by a dark shade below 3, beyond which the marginal area is also dark,

except the apex, which is greenish : marginal line blackish ; fringe grey, flecked

with paler.

Hindwing : wholly brick-red, with the lines concisely dark ; central fascia with

its outer edge lunulate and the teeth marked dark along veins.

Underside of forewing dark grey, of hindwing rnfons with the lines grey.

Head and thorax greenish, speckled with red; the dorsum brick-red, like

hindwings ; palpi dark fnscous ; forelegs fuscous, with pale joints.

Expanse of wings : lii mm.

1 ¥.

136. Brabira ruficorpus spec. nov.

Forewing : cream-white, glossy ; costa marked with six brown spots, three

antemedian and three postmedian, the outer two smaller; cell-spot black: the

wing is crossed by numerous waved grey lines, generally very obscure, except

towards inner margin ; submarginal line pale and waved, traversing a somewhat

darker grey area, the lunules in the broad snbmedian interspace bright red;

fringe grey.

Hindwing: crossed by three broader and more evident grey lines, the inner

margin along vein 1 and the fringe at middle red.

Underside with the grey bands plainer, the forewing tinged with grey.

Head, thorax, and base of abdomen white : terminal halt' red-brown ; dorsum

with two reddish lines filled in with brown ; underside and legs white ; forelegs

mottled fuscous and white.

Expanse of wings : 34 mm.

3 <J<?, 1 ¥.

The hindwing is small, rounded and waved, but not produced to an angle.

137. Chloroclystis biangulata spec. nov.

Forewing: very pale greenish ; costa at base reddish; lines darker green

with pale edges, mostly indistinct, except the outer line, which is blackish green,

with some reddish scales intermixed, forming two prominent angulations, oue on

vein 6 and the other below 4, with an equally prominent inward angulation between ;

submarginal line dentate, with some of the teeth inwardly black-scaled towards

costa ; marginal line and fringe green.

Hindwing : with all the lines more distinct.

Underside pale dull green, the forewing rather greyer.

-. Head, thorax, and abdomen all pale green.

Expanse of winge : 17 mm.

1 ?.

( 153 )

138. Chloroclystis continuata spec, now

Fordoing: pale greenish white ; costa dark at base and with dark sprits at

the lines ; first line inwardly oblique, thick and blotched ; outer roundly ontcurved,

the edge lnnulate ; the central space, except close to inner line, filled in with

reddish grey ; the area beyond, except above vein 0 and a small patch on outer

margin between 3 and 4, also reddish.

Hindwing : paler ; basal line thick and black, continuing that of forewing ;

outer line black, concise, ontcurved in middle ; submargmal preceded by dark

clouds ; a small cell-spot ; fringes worn, probably greenish.

Underside pale greenish, greyer in forewing ; outer line well marked.

Head, thorax, and abdomen pale green ; a broad belt of red and black scales

on second segment of dorsum, corresponding to the basal line of wings.

Expanse of wings : 17 mm.

1 3.

139. Chloroclystis exangulata spec. uov.

Forewing : dull grey-green, greyer than in C. invi&ibilis, covered with coarse

fuscous grey lines, which are all oblique outwards from costa, angled in cell, then

oblique and straight inwards ; the outer line is thicker, angled on vein 0 ; a pale

band with grey centre and dentate grey edge follows the fascia, and is itself closely

followed by the obscure wavy submarginal line ; marginal line black ; fringe

grey-green.

Hindwing : similar ; the outer line thick and angled at vein 6, the paler band

following it widening much to inner margin.

Underside greenish cinereous, with the outer line dark grey inboth wings.

Head, thorax, and abdomen greenish dusted with blackish.

Expanse of wings : 16 mm.

1 ?.

Very much like C. invisibilis, but the course of the outer line totally different.

Whether really a Chloroclystis is doubtful, as both hindlegs are absent.

140. Chloroclystis exsanguis spec. nov.

Forewing : very pale green, with very obscure cross-lines, which are only

slightly darker edged with paler ; costa with blackish spots ; outer line rather

stronger than the rest, marked with whitish on veins ; submarginal line preceded

by slight grey clouds at costa, beyond cell, and above anal angle ; a faint rufous

grey shade from end of cell to onter margin ; marginal lunnles dark ; fringe green

with faint mottling.

Hindwing : similar, but the basal and outer lines marked distinctly with black

on veins.

Underside pale greenish grey in forewing, pale ochreons in hindwing, with

the lines grey and faint.

Head, thorax, and abdomen pale green like wings; dorsum ochreous-tinged!;

palpi and a ring on third segment of dorsum deep black ; abdomen laterally with

black scales.

Expanse of wings : 18 mm.

1 ?.

( 154 )

141. Chloroclystis iuvisibilis spec. nov.

Forewing : olive grey-green, with slightly darker shades and a reddish tinge ;

lines black : first at one-third, outcnrvcd in middle, below median forming black

teeth outwards on veins ; outer line at three-fifths, oblique outwards, and strongly

projecting in middle from 6 to 4, then waved inwards, with a faintly paler outer

edge : submarginal line indistinct, preceded in placea by dark clouds ; an interrupted

black marginal line : fringe concolorous ; both lines start from black osral sputs.

Hindwing : similar; marginal line thicker.

Underside greenish cinereous, with outer line dark in both wings.

Head, thorax, and abdomen olive-green, slightly speckled ; the dorsum tinged

with red; palpi externally black, with extreme tip whitish.

Expanse of wings : 18 mm.

1 ?.

142. Chloroclystis miantosoma spec. nov.

Forewing : dull olive-green ; the edges of central fascia and the shade before

submarginal line olive fnscous, the other lines only darker green; costa green

spotted with dark, not pinkish as in cuneilinea Warr, ; edges of the central fascia

more inwardly curved below, the fascia itself filled up, except along costa, with

reddish; submarginal line finely waved, pale green; marginal area red-tinged; a

tine dark marginal line; fringe pale greenish with brown chequering.

Hindwing: paler green, without red scaling, except in outer half of central

fascia, the veins with black scaling, especially at edge of central fascia.

Underside greenish grey in forewing, pale greyish green in hindwing, with

traces of the lines.

Head, thorax, and basal segments of abdomen pale green; rest of abdomen

buff; third segment of dorsum with red and fuscous scaling.

Expanse of wings : 15 mm.

1 S.

Allied to C. cuneilinea Warr., but much darker, and with a different distribution

of the red tints.

143. Chloroclystis primivernalis spec. nov.

Forewing: greenish white, with suffused bands of grey ; the lines blackish;

costa and a patch on outer margin between 3 and 4 clearer green ; the lines waved

and all obliquely curved inwards, more or less parallel to outer margin; the two

edges of the central fascia thicker and darker, the outer oblique outwards to 6, and

slightly angled on 6 and 4, dentate inwards, the teeth black on the veins; band

between basal line and inner edge of fascia, and between its outer edge and the

submarginal line suffused with dark grey ; the margin also grey ; submarginal line

finely wavy, pale; marginal line deep black, interrupted at the veins; fringe dark

grey, flecked with pale green ; in the inner band of central fascia the median vein

bears a black dash.

Hindwing : with the outer half of fascia grey, the rest and the base pale ;

praesubmarginal shade entire and separated from central fascia by a pale band

Underside of forewing greenish grey, of hindwing whitish, grey-tinged; the

markings dark grey ; onter line of hindwing prominently dark.

( 155 )

Head, thoraxj and abdomen black-speckled green ; dorsum olive-tinged, with

black lateral scales ; underside whitish ; forelegs black with pale joints.

Expanse of wings : 16 — -18 mm.

2 is.

Dissolophodes gen. nov.

Agrees with Tephrocly&tia in neuration ; the forewing normal; hindwing

truncate at vein 2, the anal portion below this vein shortened, slightly contorted

but smoothly scaled above, below with dense ridges of hairs along submedian fold

and vein 1 ; the abdomen with a similar large lateral tuft on segment 5 ; cell of

hindwing above clothed with very long, sparse hairs.

Type : Dissolophodes curvimacula Warr. {Tephroclystia).

144. Dissolophodes curvimacula.

Tephroclystia curvimacula Warr., Nov Zonl. xiii. p. 129, ? (190G).

A single <? of this species lately received shows the necessity of this correction.

The hindwing of the S is purplish blue, the long hairs of the cell yellowish at

base. Underside of both wings deep purple ; the fringe of forewing green with

purple flecks; tufts of the hindwing and abdomen deep purple; in other respects

like the ?.

Emmesocoma gen. nov.

An offshoot of Tephroclystia ; characterised by the cell-spot of forewing being

composed of a large tuft of raised scales ; in the hindwing the upper surface is more

or less blurred, the scaling and pattern being restricted to the inner margin below

cell and vein 2. Antennae of t? thickly and shortly ciliated. Abdomen of c? ending

in a point.

Type : Emmesocoma deviridata spec. nov.

Ochyria .' unitaeniata Warr., Nov. Zool. xiii. p. 101 (1900) must be placed in

this genus ; the type, being worn, failed to show the cell-tuft.

145. Emmesocoma deviridata spec. nov.

Very near to E. unitaeniata Warr. (Ochyria'), but without any green tint; outer

line not oblique outwards from costa, but vertical, then ontcurved to inner margin,

with no pale green baud following it, but a pale brown space before snbmargiual

line, with the veins across it ochreous, and an ochreous patch on costa ; the pale

blotch above anal angle with two thick white streaks through it.

Hindwing : with the lines and shades continued across wing, the apex with a

large grey cloud.

Underside of both wings brown, with the lines whitish, and all well marked.

Head, thorax, anil abdomen red-brown, dusted with dark and light ; underside

and legs ochreous, with reddish dusting ; forelegs fuscous, with pale joints.

Expanse of wings : 21 mm.

1 <J.

146. Emmesocoma tenuiscripta spec. nov.

Forewing : brownish fuscous tinged with greenish ; basal patch and central

area paler than the intervening band and marginal area; basal patch limited by

an exceedingly fine whitish line oblique from one-sixth of costa to one-fourth of

( 136 )

inner margin ; second line equally fine, bent in cell, then parallel to basal, the

enclosed band darker fuscous, traversed by two darker lines ; outer line from three-

fonrtha of costa to four-fifths of inner margin slenderly whitish, outcnrved, and

followed by a narrow pale-edged band; the central spare is crossed by two dark

brown dentate lines oblique from costa and more vertical below : submarginal line

undulating, whitish; marginal spots dark; fringe fuscous; cell-spot marked by a

tuft of greenish black-tipped scales.

Bindwing : pale grey, with traces ol darker grey curved lines

Underside pale greenish ochreous grey, with the lines all darker grey and

waved.

Head, thorax, and abdomen greenish fuscous ; patagia with black centres

edged with greenish ; dorsum with traces of greenish tufts.

Expanse of wings : 19 mm.

1 ?.

147. Eucymatoge contaminata ab. completa nov.

This differs from the type form of contaminata Warr. in having the whole of

the usually pale central fascia tilled up with dark fuscous, showing the dark waved

lines of the edges throughout and with the centre slightly paler ; but the underside

remains the same. The aberration bears a great resemblance to a small < 'osmorhoe

qaliata.

2<J(J.

148. Eucymatoge subradiata spec. nov.

Forewing : dark red-brown on an ochreons ground-colour : the lines blackish,

somewhat obscure; four waved and slightly angled lines before middle, the fourth

forming the inner edge of central fascia, followed by a dark shade ; outer edge at

three-fifths, bent outwards above middle, then incurved, preceded by a dark band and

followed by a pale band with dark central line, which is only plain below costa;

submarginal line formed of white spots at the end of long black blotches between

veins, the spot between 3 aud 4 more conspicuous than the rest ; marginal area

redder ; a fine dark marginal line ; fringe grey, blackish at apex aud anal angle,

with a fine reddish line at base ; cell-spot cloudy, blackish.

Bindwing : like forewing, but with two lines at base, both straight.

Underside whitish, tinged with grey-brown in forewing; all the veins thickly

blackish, crossed by two curved blackish lines, postmedian aud submarginal ;

cell-spots black, ; fringe reddish.

Head, thorax, and abdomen reddish black ; abdomen pale grey beneath ; legs

pale, the tarsi fuscous ; the abdomen is short aud stout, swollen at extremity.

Expanse of wings : 20 mm.

1 ?.

Cell much shorter than half of wing ; vein 11 far back towards base.

149. Micromia defulvata spec. nov.

Differs from M.fuhipuncta in the absence of the fulvous patches beyond outer

line ; the olive-yellow tinge offulvipuneta is replaced by a lustrous blue-green, and

the hindwing is more slaty grey.

Underneath the forewing is without the yellow costa of the type species, the

( 157 )

underside being pale ochreons in the J ami dark grey iu the ?, with the shades

in each case deeper.

The abdomen of the c? is less strongly fulvous-marked.

2 <?<?, 1 ?.

Otucha gen. nov.

i. Forewing: costa shouldered at base and rough-haired, then straight; apex

blunt ; outer margin curved.

Hindwing : with smoothly rounded outer margin ; apical angle rounded ; anal

square.

Antennae lamellate, simple ; palpi porrect, rough-scaled, the terminal segment

small ; tongue and frenulum present ; hindtibia with four spurs ; abdomen with a pair

of long lateral pencils of hair from third segment, reaching base of anal segment.

Nenration : as in Tephroclystia in forewing, but in the hindwing the

discocellular is faintly biangulate, the radial rising from the lower angulation ;

veins G, 7 are scarcely stalked.

Type : Otucha adminiculata spec. nov.

150. Otucha adminiculata spec. nov.

Forewing : wood-brown with a red tinge and some green scales intermixed ;

the cross-lines rather darker ; basal patch and inner margin as far as outer line

velvety black-brown; basal patch followed by a broad paler band traversed by two

fine lines ; inner edge of central fascia before one-third, oblique from costa and

bent in cell to about middle of inner margin, followed by an oblique brown linear

cell-spot ; outer edge of fascia blackish from two-thirds of costa, oblique outwards,

indented below subcostal vein and widely outcurved, running inwards to 2, then

vertical, below the middle marked only by black dashes on the veins ; it is

preceded from costa by three cloudy oblique brown lines, which below middle

become waved and compressed ; beyond it a narrow band with dark centre, green

above middle, reddish and obscure below ; submargiual line shown by a row of

white dots ; marginal area dark brown, except between 3 and 4, where the paler

ground-colour runs through to the fringe ; marginal line fine, interrupted at the

veins ; fringe pale reddish, mottled with dark.

Hi nil icing : pale grey with a rufous flush, and the fringe rufous ; traces of two

dark grey curved lines before outer margin.

Underside dull rufous ochreous, with all the lines thick and dark grey ;

cell-spots black.

Head, thorax, aud abdomen reddish brown ; patagia, metathoracic tufts and a

dorsal ridge of scales dull green ; abdomen redder, with the lateral pencils dark

brown.

Expause of wings : 24 mm.

1 i.

151. Prosthetopteryx ? fulgurans spec. nov.

Forewing : pale green, with the shading purplish violet ; the subcostal vein

green to outer line ; the edge of basal patch, the centre of the pale green band

following, and the limiting bauds of central fascia purplish, all plainer on costa,

where the green lines are plainer, and inner margin which they reach vertically at

regular intervals ; the outer edge of the fascia runs obliquely outward to below

( i-w )

vein 4, where it is angled and oblique to vein 2, then vertical; it is Followed by a

pale green band'; Bubmarginal line finely green, curved from costa to anal angle,

joined above middle to outer line by zigzag green lines : marginal ana purplish,

with a pale green patch below apex, and a larger one below middle; some dark

marginal luunles ; fringe worn.

J It mining : greenish white, with bare traces of grey curved lines.

Underside pale greenish, with the dark sbadings showing through.

Head and] thorax pale green; tips of patagia and the dorsum purplish;

abdomen beneath pale green.

Expanse of wings : '."J mm.

1 ?.

152. Prosthetopteryx infantilis Bpec. nov.

Fore/ring: green; basal area and central fascia reddish fuscous; basal area

small, edged by a darker curved line ; central fascia narrow, inner edge curved

parallel to basal area, outer notched at vein G, angled at 4 and incurved; followed

by an olive blotch from inner margin, contiguous as far as 4 and thence curved to

outer margin at 6 ; upper half of fascia followed by a pale green baud, beyond which

the costa is marked with fuscous, containing the pale beginning of a Bubmarginal

line ; small black marginal luunles ; fringe green, chequered with darker, at

apex whitish.

Hina 'icing : pale dirty ochreous ; the tips of the lobes and their fringes

brownish.

Underside of forewing dull grey-green, with the lines dull purplish on costa,

all becoming lost in a purplish cloud below cell : hindwing ochreous, with traces on

costa of two dark lines.

Head and thorax greenish; abdomen ochreous.

Expanse of wings : 17 mm.

4 <J<J.

153. Prosthetopteryx? transsecta spec. nov.

Forewing: dnll green, with leaden fuscous markings; costa at base, costal

edge, and subcostal vein for three-fourths fulvous ; basal patch leaden fuscous,

edged by a sinuous darker line and crossed close to base by a vertical white line ;

central fascia broad on costa and quite narrow at inner margin, its inner edge deeply

waved, dull olive-brown edged with darker, limited externally by a greenish

ochreous line, which is slightly incurved below middle, and traversed in middle

by an ochreous line, which is slightly ontcurved below cell, the two lines thus

approximating below ; spaces on each side of fascia dull green ; marginal area dark

fuscous green, interrupted between 3 and 4 by the paler green ground and some

fulvous scales, and traversed by a Bubmarginal series of white dots ; marginal

lunules black ; fringe rufons fuscous, the basal half darker and dark-mottled

beyond veins.

Hindwing: dull cinereous, with darker marginal border; marginal dark

lunules separated by pale dots ; fringe pale rufous with distinct black mottling.

Underside dark cinereous, with the dark and pale lines all shown : hindwing

with two pairs of pale lines ; the pale Bubmarginal dashes all distinct.

Head and collar pale green; tips of palpi whitish; shoulders green and

fulvous ; patagia fulvous at base, then green with two deep black bands ; thorax

( 159 )

and anal half of abdomen pale green, basal half black-brown with two tufts ;

abdomen beneath ochreons ; legs broken, but forelegs fuscous with pale joints.

Expanse of wings : 20 mm.

1 ?.

The S will almost certainly show this to be a Prosthetopteryx.

154. Prosthetopteryx? vinosa spec. nov.

Foreioing : olive green, the shadings rich vinous mixed with fulvous ; base

crossed by three or four vertical vinous lines with grey scaling between them ;

central fascia traversed by two or three fine vinous lines, its outer edge formed by a

broad vinous band, nearly straight, at two-thirds, followed by a dull green band

with grey centre, which below vein 2 becomes fulvous ; marginal area blurred

purplish and fulvous, with a pale green waved submarginal line close to margin,

preceded by fulvous patches ; marginal line dark purple ; fringe mottled green and

purple ; central fascia at middle with a fulvous patch.

Hi ml/ring : shining whitish, with traces of grey lines ; the fringe dark grey.

Underside glossy pale green with the markings grey.

Head and thorax green ; abdomen wanting.

Expanse of wings : 22 mm.

1 ?.

Pseudosauris gen. nov.

S. Foreteii"] : costa shouldered at base, then straight ; outer margin obliquely

rounded.

Hindwing : narrow ; the anal angle formed at the end of vein 3, whence the

inner margin, fringed as normally, runs up for two-thirds to the end of vein 2,

which is quite short, having below it a short spatulate lobe, also fringed, reaching

about one-third of the wing.

Antennae thickly lamellate ; palpi long, thickly sealed; tongue and frenulum

present ; hindtibiae with terminal spurs ; hindfemora greatly swollen ; abdomen

with slight lateral crests beneath and long anal tufts.

Nenration of Tephroclystia.

Type : Pseudosauris miranda Warr.

The ? of this species was described by me as Tephroclystia miranda, in Noo.

Zool. x. p. 381 (1903). Its affinities are with the Tephroclystiinae rather than with

the Triehopteryginae.

The cJ, from which the above generic description was made, comes from

Biagi.

Sillophora gen. nov.

Forewing : costa in <$ strongly shouldered at one-third ; apex prominent ;

outer margin obliquely curved ; in ? normal.

Hindwing .- slightly indented beyond cell.

Forewing in S with a slender furrow through cell to outer margin marked

below by a corresponding ridge, and slightly visible also in hindwing ; vein 1

strongly sinuate; the median nervules and submedian fold slightly upcurved at

extremity ; in hindwing the costal and subcostal veins during anastomosis are raised

and swollen, the costal arching abruptly away and the subcostal depressed at end

ill' cell, 7 rising before 0 and not stalked with it ; vein 5 more or less obscured by

the furrow, otherwise the nenration agrees with that of Chloroclystis.

( 160 )

Antennae with basal segment long and erect, ending in a tnft, below which the

shaft leaves it at right angles and is depressed ; the same occurs, in a modified

degree in the ?; forehead with pointed scale-tuft below; palpi porrect, the

terminal segment depressed, much longer in ? than S \ hindtibiae of $ long, with

two spars, of which the inner is three times as long as the outer ; of ? with three

spurs as in Adeta and Aniserpetes.

Type : Sillopkora albiviridis spec. nov.

This genus partakes somewhat of the characters of Pycnoloma and Ptychotheea,

this latter exhibiting the development of the cell furrow in an extreme degree

while the former shows a similar unusual development in the base of cost a of

hiudwing.

loo. Sillophora albiviridis spec. nov. and ab. completa nov.

Forewing: whitish green ; crossed by nnmerons wavy dentate greenish lines ;

the central fascia and praesubmarginal shade always darker and mixed with

fuscous : the fascia is subobsolete below middle, and less marked in the hindwing ;

marginal lines finer, interrupted ; fringes mottled.

Head, thorax, and abdomeu whitish ; the patagia and metathorax mixed with

"reeu aud grey ; the second dorsal segment with a grey belt, the rest of abdomen