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34

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE.

Vol. XXXII.. 1925.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE

to Q

CM U

< I H Journal of Z00I0012

ei 13 IN CONNECTION WITH THE TRING MUSEUM.

EDITED BY

LORD ROTHSCHILD, F.R.S., Ph.D.,

Dr. ERNST HARTERT, and Dr. K. JORDAN.

Vol. XXXII., 1925.

(WITH ONE PLATE.)

IsSrED AT THE ZOOLOGICAL MuSEUM, TrING.

FEINTED BY UAZELL, WATSON k VINEY, Ld., LONDON AND AYLESBUHY.

1925.

CONTENTS OF VOLUME XXXII. (1925).

AVES.

1. Review of the Birds collected by AJcide D'Orbigny in South America.

C. E. Hellmayh :

Part rV

Part V

Part VI

2. A Collection of Birds from New Ireland (Neu Mecklenburg). (Plate I.)

Ernst Haetert ..........

3. A new form of Chukar Partridge. Ernst Habtert. ....

4. Types of Birds in the Tring Museum. Ernst Habtert :

Part V

Part VI

5. Ueber die Indoaustralischen Glanzkuckucke (Chalcites). Ernst Habtert

and Erwin Stbesemann ........

6. Review of the Genus Cacomantis MUU. Ernst Hartert

7. On a Fourth Collection of Birds made by Mr. George Forrest in North-

western Yunnan. Lord Rothschild ......

1—30

175—194

314—334

115—136

137

138—157

259—276

158—163

164—174

292—313

LEPIDOPTERA.

1. Geometrid Descriptions and Notes. Louis B. Prout

2. The species usually refen-ed to the Genus Cigaritis Boisd. (Lycaenidao)

N. D. Riley

3. Critical List of the collection of Algerian Lepidoptera of the late Captain

N. J. E. HoU. Lord Rothschild .....

4. New Oriental Zygaenidae. Kael Jordan .....

5. On Delias belladonna and allied species (Lep. Rhop.). Karl Jordan

6. On some subspecies of African Charaxcs. Karl Jordan .

31—69

70—95

195—229

230—237

277—287

288—289

COLEOPTERA

1. A new species of Anthribidae from Sumatra, collected by E. Jacobson.

Karl Jordan .......... 238

2. Five new Indian Anthribidae Karl Jordan. ..... 239 — 241

3. Anthribidae from the Eastern Hemisphere. Karl Jordan . . . 242 — 257

4. Two new Indian Anthribidae received from the Forest Research Institute

and College at Dehra Dun. Karl Jordan ..... 290 — 291

V

Vi NOVITATES ZOOLOQIOAB XXXII. 1925.

SIPHONAPTERA.

FAOES

1. New Siphonaptera. Kabl Jordan ....... 96 — 112

2. Siphonaptera collected by Rear- Admiral H. Lynes in Darfur in 1920 to 1922.

Kakl Jordan .......... 113

INDEX 335—350

PLATE IN VOLUME XXXII.

PLATE I, Fig. 1, Domicella albidinudia. New Ireland. Micropsitta meeki Rothsch. &

Hart., Bull. B.O. Club, XXXIII, p. 107 (1914— Manus) ; cf. also

Nov. ZooL. 1914, p. 289.

/^' -'

NOVITATES ZOOLOfilCAE.

H journal of Zoolo^)?.

■ DITBD BT

LORD ROTHSCHILD, F.R.S., Ph.D.,

De. ERNST HARTERT, and Dr. K. JORDAN.

Vol. XXXII.

No. 1.

Paokb 1—114.

Issued Apbil 30tb, 1935, at the Zoological Museum, Tring.

PRINTBD BY HAZBLL, WATSON i VINBV, Ld., LONDON AND AYLESBURY.

1925.

Vol. XXXII.

N0VITATE8 ZOOLOGICAE.

CDITBD BT

LOBS EOTHSCHUI), EBNST HABTBRT. and KABL JOBSAH.

CONTENTS OF NO. 1.

J. REVIEW OF THE BIRDS COLLECTED BY

ALCIDE D'ORBIGNY IN SOUTH AMERICA

{Continuation) ... . . C. E. HeUmayr . 1-30

2. GBOMETRID DESCRIPTIONS AND NOTES Louis B. Prout, F.E.S. 31-69

3. THE SPECIES USUALLY REFERRED TO

THE GENUS CIGARITIS BOISD. [LEPIDOP-

TERA : LYCAENIDAE] . . . . N. D. RHey . . 70-95

4. NEW SIPHONAPTERA Dr. Karl Jordan 96-112

5. SIPHONAPTERA COLLECTED BY REAR-

ADMIRAL H. LYNES IN DARFUR IN 1920

TO 1922 Dr. Kari Jordart . 113

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE

Vol. XXXn. APRIL 1925. No. 1.

REVIEW OF THE BIRDS COLLECTED BY ALCIDE D'ORBIGNY

IN SOUTH AMERICA. (CONTINUATION.)

By C. E. HELLMAYR.

PART IV (Parts I and II, Nov. Zool. Vol. XXVIII, Part III, Vol. XXX).

Ramphocelus atrosericeus = R. carbo atrosericeus Lafr. & Orb.

Ramphocelus atrosericeus Lafreanaye & d'Orbigny, Syn. Av. i. in Mag. Zool. cl. ii. p. 34 (1837 —

Yungag, Chiquitos, in Bolivia ; descr. orig. (J$) ; d'Orbigny, Voyage, Oi3., p. 280, pi, xxvi,

fig- 1 ( = (J) (Chup6, prov. Yungas ; Yuracar^s, Guarayos, prov. Moxos et Chiquitos ; descr. ^

ad., <J juv., ?).

No. 1, "(J" ad. (mounted): "236. par M. d'Orbigny, 1834. D. 227,

de Yungas, Bolivie. Male, R. atrosericeus Lafr. & Orb. Type."

No. 2, "(J" ad. (skin): "236. d'Orbigny, 1834. D. 227. Guarayos.

Ramphocelus atrosericeus d'Orb. Male." — Wing, 86 [worn] ; tail [damaged] ;

bill 14i mm.

No. 3, juv. (skin) : " 236. d'Orbigny, 1834. D. 227. Yungas."— Wing,

73 ; bill 14 mm.

The Guarayos bird (No. 2) is in every respect identical with specimens

from San Mateo ( Yuracares) and Songo( Yungas of La Paz) in the Munich Museum,

the entire back, wings, tail, breast, and abdomen being deep velvety black,

and shows no approach to R. carbo connectens Berl. & Stolzm.,' which occurs in

Southern Peru (Cosnipata, Huiro, Maranura, Chaquimayo, etc.).

No. 3 is in the uniform duU brownish-black juvenile plumage afterwards

described as a distinct species under the name R. aterrimus.-

[Embemagra platensis platensis (Gm.).'

Embemagra platensis = -^Embemagra platensis paraguayensis Chubb.'

[EmbemagTa olivascens dOrb.

Embemagra platensis (Gm.) ; L. & 0., Syn. Av. i. p. 34 (Paraguay, ripia de la Plata) ; d'Orbigny,

Voy., Ois., p. 284 (Montevideo, Buenos Aires, Santa Fe, Entrerios, Corrientcs, Patagonie).

Embemagra olivascens d'Orbigny, Voy., Ois., p. 285 (betw. 1839 and 1847 — Enquisivi (Sicasica) ;

Palca (Ayupaya) ; Cochabamba ; descr. orig.).

' Rhamphocelus jaeapa connectens Berlepsch & Stolzmann, Proc. Zool, Soc. Land. 189fi, p. 344

(1896 — La Merced, Chancliamayo, C. Peru).

2 Lafresnaye, Rev. Mag. Zool. (2) i. p. 244 (1853— Bolivia).

' Emberiza platensis Graelin, Syst. Nat. 1, ii. p. 88B (1789^x " L'Emberise h cinq couleura,"

Buffon, Hist. Nat. Ois. iv. p. 364 ; Buenos Ayros, coll. Commerson).

* Ibis, 1918, p. 5 (Sapucay, Paraguay).

1 1

2 NOTITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXII. 1925.

No. 1, adult (skin): "No. 140. Emhernagra platensis D. 33. d'Orbigny,

Kvrier 1831. Patagonie." — Wing, 96 ; tail [lacking] ; bill, 17 mm. = E. p.

'plateiisis (Gm.).

No. 2, adult (skin): "d'Orbigny, juillet 1829. No. 140." [No locality,

but according to date from Corrientes,] — Wing, 92 ; tail, 92 [both extremely

worn] ; bUl, 16 mm. = E. p. paraguayensis Chubb.

No. 3, adult (mounted) : " E. olivascens D'Orb. Type. 249. d'Orbigny,

1834. D. 279, de Sicasica, Bolivie."— Wing, 102 ; tail, 110 ; bill, 17 mm.

No. 4, adult ( mounted) : "' E. olivascens D'Oih. Type. No. 249. d'Orbigny,

1834. d'Ayupaya, Bolivie."— Wing, 97 ; tail, ICt ; bill, 17 mm.

In the Synopsis Avium Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny confounded two different

birds under the heading of E. platensis, although certain variations between the

Bohvian and Patagonian specimens were duly noticed.

No. 1 is of the platensis type, having the upper back heavily, the anterior

pUeum narrowly, streaked with black. It differs, however, from skins obtained

in the vicinity of Buenos Aires by the more ohve-brownish (less greenish) ground-

colour of the upper parts, and by having the throat as well as the chest buffy

brown, instead of ashy grey. It undoubtedly represents the " Patagonian race "

mentioned by Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny, whose description should, however,

read " subtus [not supra] rufescente ... a precedente tantummodo diiferunt."

On the strength of a single example it is, of course, impossible to say whether the

apparent differences are of geographical significance or due to season.

Mr. Chubb ^ has lately distinguished several local races of this bird. While

fully acknowledging the value of his observations we cannot help thinking that

the author did not pay sufficient attention to the individual and seasonal variation,

which in this group is much greater than he imagined. In the striped-backed

section the black dorsal streaks, in worn plumage, become nearly obsolete or

disappear even altogether, so that much importance should not be attached

to that character. Six specimens each from the South Brazilian States of Parana

and Rio Grande do Sul illustrate in an excellent manner the various seasonal

changes the plumage undergoes in these birds. On comparing them with a

good series from the vicinity of Buenos Aires, I fail to discover the slightest

difference, and am forced to regard E. p. poliocephala (Gray) (type ex Uruguay)

as a synonym of E. p. platensis.

As to E. p. duindorum (Less.), I have a specimen from Campanha, S. Minas

Geraes, which agrees with Mr. Chubb's definition in having the brighter green

back very narrowly lined with dusky ; but whether this is anything more than

an individual variety can, of course, be ascertained only by a series from Minas.

The type of T. dumetorum Less., in the Paris Museum, should also be carefully

examined.

No. 2, from Corrientes, is in extremely worn plumage, and the back looks

almost plam green. An adult male from E. Corrientes ( Santo Tome, Rio Uruguay)

and several skins from Paraguay (Bernalcue near Asuncion), all in good condition,

have the mantle broadly striped with black hke E. p. platensis from Buenos

Au-es and S. Brazil. They differ from the latter merely by the shghtly darker

grey of the head and chest, while the other characters claimed by Mr. Chubb

for his E. p. paraguayensis do not hold good. I should like to see a fuller series

before admitting it as a valid race.

' Ibia, 191S, pp. 3-7.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXII. 1925. 3

Nos. 3 and 4 are the typical examples of E. olivascens with plain (unstreaked)

dull greyish- brown pUeum and olive-greenish back. Underneath, the throat and

chest are dingy grey, the flanks somewhat paler and more brownish, with the

middle of the abdomen inclining to whitish. E. olivascens is most certainly

a mere geographic race of E. platensis, from which it only differs by the absence

of dusky striping above and by having the maxUla almost entirely yellow, instead

of mainly black. Besides various Bolivian examples I have examined a series

from W. Argentine (Tucuman, Cordoba).

I hope to deal more fully with these birds on a future occasion.

jArremon flavirostris polionotus Bonap.'

Embemagra silens =|Arremon flavirostris deviUii Des Murs.'

(Arremon flavirostris d'orbignii Scl.'

Embemagra silens [sic !] (not of Boddaert) * ; L. & 0., Syn. Av. i. p. 34 {Chiquitos, Valle Grande,

Bolivia),

Arremon silens d'Orbigny, Voy., p. 281 (Corrientes ; prov. Yungas, Valle Grande, Chiquitos).

No. 1, (cJ), ad. (mounted) : " de Corrientes, par M. d'Orbigny, juillet 1829.

Arremon polionotus Bonap. Type de la description dans le Conspectvs Avium."

— Wing, 79| ; tail, 75 ; bill, 14^ mm. = Arremon flavirostris polionotus Bonap.

No. 2, (cJ), ad. (mounted): "Arremon cVOrhignyi Scl., par d'Orbigny, de

Chiquitos, 1834. No. 246.— D. 443."— Wing, 74 ; tail [damaged] ; bill, 14 mm. =

A. flavirostris devillii Des Murs.

No. 3, (cj), ad. (skin) : " Arremon silens Nob. D. 443, de Chiquitos, Bolivie,

par d'Orbigny, 1834. No. 246."— Wing, 79; tail [lacking]; bill, 14 mm, = A.

f,avirostris devillii Des Murs.

No. 4, imm. (mounted) : " Yungas, par d'Orbigny, 1834. No. 346. — D.

107. Arremon d'Orbignyi Scl. Type." — Wing, 65 ; tail, 64 ; bill, 12 mm. =

Arremon flavirostris d'orbignii Scl.

As will be seen from this list, E. silens of the Synopsis is a mixtnm com-

positum of three distinct species or rather races. The description of the adult

male (" sans raie grise sur la tete, parties superieures gris ardoise ") as given

in the Voyage has apparently been taken from No. 1, (J ad. Corrientes, which

is the only example with uniform black pileum in d'Orbigny's series. It was

afterwards made the type of A. polionotus Bonajj. Some notes regarding the

synonymy and distribution of this form I have published in the first part of my

Type-studies. ^

The two specimens from Chiquitos, E. BoHvia (Nos. 2, 3) are adult males

of the northern form, with paler back and narrower black jugular crescent, the

correct name of which I have shown to be A. polionotus devillii^' based upon an

immature male from the western district of the province of Goyaz. They agree

in every particular with birds from Chapada and Cuyaba, Mattogrosso. No. 2

is erroneously labelled " A. d'orhignyi."

• Arremon polionotus Bonaparte, Consp. Av. i. p. 488 (1850 — Corrientes ; Mua. Paris).

^ Arremon devillii {Bonaparte MS.) Des Murs in : Castelnau, Voyage Amcr. Sud., Ois., p. 69,

pi. XX, fig. 2 (June 30, 1856 — no locality given) ; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Land. 24, p. 81 (July 30,

1856 — " prov. Goiaz, in Brazil ").

* Arremon d'orbignii Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Land. 24, p. 81 (July 1856 — Yungas, Bolivia ;

d'Orbigny coll., Mus. Paris).

* Tanagra silens Boddaert, Tabl. PI. enl. p. 40 (1783 — ex Daubenton, PI. enl. 742 ; Cayenne).

' A'ow. Zool. 13, 1906, pp. 311-312.

• I.e. pp. 312-313.

4 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXII. 1926.

The bird from Yungas, No. 4, at last is tlie type of .4. iVorhignn. It is an

immature specimen with the black jugular band yet imperfectly developed,

while the bill has already attained the definitive coloration, viz. broad culminal

stripe black, lower lateral portion of upper and whole under mandible yellow.

The white superciliaries begin from the front ; a broad light-grey vertical stripe

runs from the base of the bill over the pileum to the nape, where it joins the

deeper grey nuchal area ; back bright yellowish olive, etc. It was, no doubt,

the Yungas bird, the only one with green back, which d'Orbigny took for the

female : " Ics parties superieures vertes." ^1. /. (Corhignii ranges from N.W.

Argentine (Catamarca, Tucuman) north to the Eastern Yungas of Bolivia.'

Embemagra torquata =Buarremon torquatus torquatus (Lafr. & Orb.).

Emhemagra icyrquatu Lafresnaye & d'Orbigny, Sijn. Av. i. in Mag. Zool. cl. ii. p. 34 (1837 — Yungas,

Bolivie ; descr. orig.).

Arremon afftnis d'Orbigny, Voy., Ois., p. 282, pi. xxvii, fig. 1 (betw. 1839 and 1847 — Carcuata, prov,

Yungas ; nom. nov.).-

No. 1, ((J), ad. (mounted) : " Yungas, par d'Orbigny, 1834. Figure sous le

nom d'Embernagra torquata Lafr. et d'Orb. Arremon a/finis, Orb. pi. 27. Type

de I'espece."— Wing, 79 ; tail, 72 ; bill, 16 mm.

This is an adult male with purely cinereous edges along middle of crown,

which, on hind-crown and nape, form a continuous, longitudinal stripe ; the white

superciliarj' streak commences above the lores and terminates in a line with the

posterior border of the auriculars ; the white of the throat and f oreneck is bordered

below by a broad, black cross-band.

In Count Berlejjsch's collection I have examined a considerable series

from various places in N.W. Bolivia (Cillutincara, Sandillani, Unduavi, San

Antonio), which precisely correspond with the type.

In Eastern Bolivia (Santa Ana) and N.W. Argentine (prov. Jujuy) the form

is replaced by B. torquatus hordlii Salvad.,' which differs merely in its decidedly

smaller bill and by lacking the black jugular band. In all other respects the

two races are perfectly alike. Of this rare form the Munich Museum possesses

three males, secured by E. Budin in June and July 1911 at San Francisco, Dept.

Valle Grande, prov. Jujuy, and Count Berlepsch has an adult bird taken at

Santa Ana, Eastern Bolivia, by G. Garlepp.

Embemagra rufinucha = Atlapetes rufinucha (Lafr. & Orb.).

Emheniagra rufinucha Lafresnaye & d'Orbigny, Syn. Ai'. i. in Mag. Zool. cl. ii. p. 35 (1837 — Yungas,

Bolivie ; descr. orig.).

Arremon rufinucha d'Orbigny, Voy., Ois., p. 283, pi. xxvii, fig. 2 (Yanaoach^ et Carcuata, prov.

Yungas, au nord de Coehabamba).

No. 1, ((J), ad. (mounted): "Embemagra rufinucha Lafr. & Orb. Type

de Tespece. (D. 223) No. 244. Yungas, par d'Orbigny, 1834."— Wing, 75 ;

tail, 78 ; bill, 13J mm.

" A. fiavirostris, A. polionotns, A. p. devilUi, and A. d'orbignii are merely geographic races of a

single species, as I hope to demonstrate in another paper which is shortly to appear.

2 Proposed as a substitute iotE. torquata Lafr. & Orb. 1837, because Vieillot (Tnbl. enc. meth.,

Ornith., ii. livx. 91, 1822, p. 794) had named a Guianan bird Arremon torquatus [= A. taciturnus

(Herm.) 1783].

= Buarremon borellii Salvador!, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 12, No. 292, p. 6 (1897 — San Lorenzo,

prov. Jujuy ; one male. May 1890, .'\. Borelli coll.).

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXII. 1925. 5

The type agrees, in general coloration and size, with an adult male from

Cocapata, W. Bolivia, in the Munich Museum. Owing to exposure to light

during many years, the iinder-parts and the pileum are much faded, but otherwise

the specimen is in good condition. Females are considerably smaller ; the

wing, in two examples from San Antonio, resp. Sandillani, measures 66, the tail

68 mm.

This species is peculiar to the mountain forests (Yungas) of the northern

slopes of the Andes in Northern Bolivia.

_ ,, , , rSaltator coerulescens coerulescens Vicill.'

Saltator coerulescens = <„,,, , i,^ ,

001K.IU1 v,uciui«v.cua \ Saltator coerulescens azarae d'Orb.

Saltator coerulescens L. & 0., Syn. Av. i. p. 35 (Corrientea ; Santa Cruz, Bolivia) ; d'Orb., Voy.,

p. 287 (Corrientcs).

Saltator Azarae d'Orbigny, Voy., Ois., p. 287 (betw. 1838 and 1847 — Moxoa et Santa Cruz de la

Sierra, Bolivia ; descr. orig. (J$).

No. 1, vix adult (mounted) : " Habia bleuatre. Saltator caeriilescens Vieill.

Tan. superciliaris Spix, de Corrientes, par M. d'Orbigny." — Wing, 98 ; tail,

94^ ; bUl, 19 mm. = Saltator coerulescens coerulescens Vieill.

No. 2, " (J" ad. (mounted) : " Habia d'Azara, ^. Saltator Azarae D'Orb.

(Type), Mojos, Bolivie, par M. d'Orbigny, 1834. (D. 251-317)."— Wing, 104 ;

tail, 92 ; bill, 20 mm. = Saltator coerulescens azarae D'Orb.

Nos. 3, 4, adults (skin) : " D. 317, de Mojos, Bolivie. Saltator azarae

D'Orb., par d'Orbigny, 1834. No. 251."— Wing, 110, 111; tail, 100; bill,

20 mm. = S. c. azarae D'Orb.

No. 5, " ? " ad. (mounted) : " Habia d'Azara, $. Saltator Azarae D'Orb.

(Type), de Santa Cruz, Bohvie, par d'Orbigny, 1834. No. D. 317-251. femelle."

— Wing, 102 ; tail, 98 ; bill, 21^ mm. = S. coerulescens coerulescens VieUl !

While discussing the status of S. azarae d'Orb.,' I have explained that

only the supposed " males " from Mojos, North Bolivia, belonged to the Upper

Amazonian race, while the " female " obtained at Santa Cruz de la Sierra, East

Bolivia, was referable to typical S. c. coerulescens, of Paraguay, N. Argentine,

and Mattogrosso.

A renewed comparison of d'Orbigny's series with numerous specimens from

Upper Amazonia and Paraguay necessitates some further remarks.

The birds from Mojos, Nos. 2-4, which correspond to d'Orbigny's description

of S. azarae " male," are in terribly worn breeding plumage. Compared with

two adults from Chanchamayo, Central Peru, C. 0. Schunke, coll. Munich

Museum, they are decidedly paler above, more of an ohve grey (however, wdthout

the greenish tinge characteristic of S. c. coerulescens), especially on the upper

taU coverts. On the under-parts they are likewise so much abraded that the

original coloration is hardly recognisable. The breast is distinctly lighter than

in the Peruvian skins, but the intact basal portion of the feathers appears to be

of the same dark-grey tone. Two adults obtained by Bridges in BoUvia, which

I have examined in the British Museum, though slightly more olive than a large

series from Bogota, East Ecuador, and Peru, are much darker above than S. c.

coerulescens, and, like the Amazonian skins, have the edges to the remiges deep

1 Saltator coerulescens Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., nouv. M\t., 14, p. 105 (1817 — ex Azara

No. 81 ; Paraguay).

« Nov. Zool. 13, 1906, pp. 314-315.

6 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXII. 1925.

slate grej-. In the colour of the under-surface they are precisely matched by

one of the Chanchamayo skins. Therefore, I have little doubt that the inhabitants

of the head- waters of the Rio Madeira in N. Bolivia (Mojos) are conspecific with

the Peruvian and Ecuadorian birds. The proper name of this dark race is, as

previously intimated, S. coerulescens azarae d'Orb.

The mounted specimen from Santa Cruz de la Sierra, E. Bolivia, corresponding

to d'Orbigny's diagnosis of S. azarae " femelle " ("plus terne de teintes"), is

a perfectly adult bird in fresh plumage, which agrees in every detail with topo-

typical examples of <-S'. c. coerulescens from Paraguay. The back is even more

strongly olive greenish and the breast paler greyish than in the Corrientes

specimen. Both have the under tail-coverts very much lighter (buii instead of

ochraceous) than the three Mojos birds.

The ranges of the four races of 8. coerulescens may be summarised as follows :

(a) S. coerulescens coerulescens VieUl.'

Eastern Argentine : northern prov. Buenos Aires (Baradero) ; Entrerios

(Parana), Corrientes, Santa Fe (Ocampo, Mocovi), Terr. Formosa (Colonia

Mihanovitch) ; Paraguay : Villa Concepcion, Bernalcue near Asuncion ; Puerto

Pinasco) ; Western Mattogrosso : Coimbra, Corumba, Carandasinho, Urucum ;

Villa Bella de Mattogrosso, S. Vicente on the R. Guapore ; Cuyaba ; Eastern

Bolivia : Santa Cruz de la Sierra ; S.E. BoUvia : Caiza ; N.W. Argentine :

Salta (Oran), Tucuman.

(6) S. coerulescens azarae d'Orb.

From Northern Bolivia (Mojos) through Eastern and Central Peru north to

Eastern Ecuador (Napo region) and E. Colombia (Bogota coll.) and Western

Brazil (Calama, upper R. Madeira ; Rivers Purus, Jurua).

(c) S. coerulescens mutus Scl.

Lower Amazonia : Isl. Maraja, Mexiana ; north bank of the main river

(Arumanduba, R. Jamunda, Faro) ; south of the Amazons, from Para west to

the Tapajoz.'

(d) S. coerulescens superciliaris (Spix).'

Eastern Brazil : States of Bahia ( Joazeiro, Rio Sao Francisco ; Faz. Pedre

Gulhu, Rio Grande) and Piauhy (Paranagua, Lake of Missao).

N.B. — As a fifth race S. coerulescens olivascens Cab., from Guiana, N. Brazil

(upper Rio Branco), and Venezuela should be mentioned in this connection.

' S. fulviveniria Lawr. is merely the freshly moulted autumn plumage. Cf . Helhnayr, Abhandl.

Bayer. Akad. Wiss., ii. Kl., 22, No. 3, 1906, pp. 677-8.

= Cf. Hellmayr, Abhandl. Bayer. Akad. WUs., math. phys. Kl., 26, No. 2, 1912, p. 103 ; Snethlage,

Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 460.

3 Tills race sjTionymised with S. c. coerulescens in m.v revision of Spix's types [Abhandl. Bayer.

Akad. Wiss., ii. Kl., 22, Abt. iii. 1906, p. 677) is a perfectly valid one. It is most nearly allied to

iS. c. mutits, of Lower Amazonia, but may be distingui.'^hed by the much clearer, less pliunbeoua

upper parts, and decidedly lighter grey foreneck and breast. From S. c. coerulescens it differs in

smaller size, rlarker grey, less olivaceous upper parts and .sides of head, pure-white throat, light

ashy-grey (not buffy or olive-greyish) breast, and by having the ochraceous abdominal area much

paler as well as less extended. Besides the type, I have examined two adult females, an immature

male, and a young bird obtained by Reiser in Western Bahia and Southern Piauhy, and recorded

by this gentleman as Saltator superciliaris caerulescens (sic) in Denkachr. math. phys. Kl. Akad. Wiss.

Wien, 76, 1910, p. 83.

NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXII. 1925. 7

rSaltator aiu'antiirostris aurantiirostris Vieill.'

Saltator aurantiirostris = Saltator aurantiirostris albociliaris (Phil. &

I Landb.).'

T. (sic) aurantiirostris L. & 0 , Syn. Av. i. p. 35 (Corrientes, Arg. ; La Paz, Bolivia).

Saltator aurantiirostris d'Orb., Voy., p. 288 (Corrientes, au 30 degre lat. sud. ; Sicasica, Cocha-

bamba, Mizque, Valle Grande, Ayupaya, Chuquisaca, La Paz ; Bolivia).

No. 1, " ^ " juv. (mounted) : " ^. de Corrientes, No. 117, par M. d'Orbigny,

juillet 1829." — Wing, 99 ; tail, 94 ; bill, 18 mm. = 8. aiirantiiroslris aurantiirostris

VieiU.

No. 2 (cJ), ad. (mounted): "Corrientes, d'Orbigny, 1829. No. 62 de

d'Orbigny." — Wing, 98 ; tail, 94 ; bill, 19 mm. = S. a. aurantiirostris VieiU.

No. 3, juv. (skin): "Corrientes. Sallrttor aurantiirostris VieiU. femeUe.

par M. d'Orbigny, juUlet 1829. No. 117."— Wing, 94 ; taU, 92 ; bill, 18i mm.

= S. a. aurantiirostris VieiU.

No. 4, " (^" ad. (mounted): "Male. No. 252. S. aurantiirostris VieU.

Ayupaya, Bolivia, D. 194. d'Orbigny 1834."— Wing, 103; taU, 101; bUl

18 mm. = S. aurantiirostris albociliaris (Phil. & Landb.).

No. 5, " 9" ad. (mounted) : " FemeUe. D. 194. La Paz, par d'Orbigny,

1834. No. 252."— Wing, 100 ; tail, 100 ; biU, 17i mm. = S. aurantiirostris

albociliaris (Phil. & Landb.).

The Corrientes birds agree with others from Santa Fe (Ocampo) in size and

colour. The outermost rectrix shows but a limited, sometimes even obsolete,

white spot at the tip of the inner web. Specimens from Cordoba (Cosquin)

and Mendoza (Weisshaupt coU.) in the Berlepsch Collection are also simUar in

this respect. Typical Paraguayan birds which I have not been able to examine

appear to have more white on the lateral tail-feathers, judging from Azara's

account. Therefore it is possible that more than one form are at present united

under the name of S. a. aurantiirostris, whose range extends from the southern

portion of Rio Grande do Sul (Sao Louren9o), Uruguay, and Southern Entrerios

(Concepcion del Uruguay), west to Cordoba and Mendoza, north to Paraguay,

the Gran Chaco, and Tucuman.'

The Bolivian specimens, Nos. 4, 5, differ from the Argentine ones by having

a large patch (about 32 to 34 mm. long) on the apical portion of the inner web

of the lateral rectrix, and a somewhat smaller one on the next pair pure white.

Like a considerable series from N.W. BoUvia (Chicani), they have the midcUe of

throat and foreneck extensively buffy white. In birds from S.E. Peru (vicinity

of Cuzco ; topotypical *S'. laticlavius Scl. & Salv.') and Central Peru (Vitoc),

which represent, without doubt, true 8. a. albociliaris ; this light-coloured throat-

patch is much restricted, sometimes even hardly apparent. I should not hesitate

to separate the Bolivian birds as a particular race were it not that those from

1 Saltator aurantiirostris Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., nouv. ^dit., 14, p. 103 (1817 — ex

Azara No. 83 : " au Paraguay, juaqu'au 32« degre et denni . . . ").

2 Pittjlu.s albociliaris Philippi & Landbeck, Arch. f. Naturg., 29, i. p. 122 (1863—" Sorocoma in

Peru," 5,000 ft., coU. Frobeen ; nowadays prov. Tacna, N.W. Chili).

' Saltator maxillosus Cab. (Mus. Hein. i. May 1851, p. 142: " Montevideo," errore !), from the high-

lands of S.E. Brazil (Minas, Sao Paulo, Parana) and adjoining parts of Misiones, is most closely related

to S. aurantiirostris, of which it may prove to be a geographical representative. Its reference to a

separate genus, Stclgidostomus Ridgway — on account of its larger, more swollen bill — only serves

to obhterate its proper affinities.

' Proc. Zool. Soc. Land. 1869, p. 151 (1S69— Tinta, s.e. of Cuzco, S.E. Peru).

8 XOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXII. 1925,

Northern Peru (Cajabamba, Succha, Tamiapampa, etc.) which we would naturally

expect to belong to the Central and South Peruvian form again resembled the

Bolivian skins ! In view of these facts, it seems best to wait for further material

before proposing a new name.'

Saltator validus = Saltator atricollis Vieill.^

LSallalor validus Vieill.-' ; L. & O., Syn. Av. i. p. 35 (Chiquitos, E. Bolivia).

Saltator atricollis, d'Orbigny, Votj., p. 288 (Cluquitos).

No. 1, adult, in worn plumage ( skin) : " No. 254. d'Orbigny, 1834. Saltator

atricollis Vieill. D. 347, de Chiquitos."— Wing, 86 ; tail [moulting] ; bill, 18 mm.

Not different from Brazilian examples.

S. atricollis is pecuhar to the campos of the central Brazilian table-land,

ranging from Southern Jlaranhao (Barra do Galiota, Rio Parnahyba) and Piauhy

to Western Minas(Bagagem), northern S. Paulo (Irisanga, Batataes, Avanhandava,

Bauru), Paraguay, west to Mattogrosso (Cuyaba, Chapada) and the adjoining

parts of E. Bolivia (Chiquitos).

Saltator rufiventris Lafr. & Orb.

Saltator rufiventris Lafrcsnaye & d'Orbigny, Syn. Av. i. in Mag. Znol. cl. ii. p. 35 (1837 — Sicasica,

Bolivia; descr. orig.) ; d'Orb., Voy., Ois., p. 289, pi. xxviij, fig. 1 ("environs d'Enquisivi,

prov. Sicasica ; pres Palca, prov. Ayupaya ").

No. 1, adult (mounted) : " S. rufiventris Lafr. & Orb. (undes types), pi. 28,

fig. 1, No. 253.— D. 281. Sicasica, par d'Orbigny, 1834."— Wing, 112; tail,

103; bill, 17 mm.

No. 2, adult (mounted): " /S. rufiventris d'Orb., d' Ayupaya, d'Orbigny,

1834. L'un des types. (253.— D. 281), pi. 28, fig. 1."— Wing, 118; tail, 104;

bill, 18 mm.

No. 3, juv. (skin): "253. d'Orbigny, 1834. d' Ayupaya, D. 281. Saltator

rufiventris, Nob." — Wing, 107 ; tail, 97 ; bill, 17 mm.

The yoimg bird (No. 3) differs from the adults in having the upper parts

much paler, oUve grey (instead of deep blue grey), the superciharies bright buff

(not white), the sides of the head dark olive brown (instead of sooty black),

the throat and chest oUve brown (not deep blue grey), and the abdomen lighter

cinnamomeous.

The rufous- bellied Saltator is as yet only known from Central Bohvia (pro-

vinces Sicasica and Ayupaya).

Saltator similis similis Lafr. & Orb.

Saltator similis Lafresnaye & d'Orbigny, Syn. Av. i. in. Mag. Zool. cl. ii. p. 36 (1837 — Corrientes,

Argentine ; descr. orig.) ; d'Orbigny, Voy., Ois., p. 290, pi. xxviii, fig. 2 (" Rincon de Luna,

au sud de la province de Corrientes, au 29'- degr^ latitude sud ").

No. 1, adult (mounted) : " Habia semblable, Saltator similis, d'Orb. & Lafr.

Type de I'espece et de la description de M. Ch. Bonaparte. Sud de Corrientes,

Rep. Argentine, 1829. No. 117.— PI. 28, fig. 2, par M. d'Orbigny."— Wing, 105 ;

tail, 100 ; bill, 18 J mm.

The type, a perfectly adult bird, agrees in the pale coloration of the lower

' Cf. also Berlepsch, Bericht V. Internal. Ornith. Congr. Berlin, 1912, p. 1147.

' Nouv. Did. d'Hist. Nat., nouv. edit., 14, p. 104 (1817 — ex Azara No. 82 : Paraguay).

' 1.0. p. 106 (1817— ex Azara No. 84 : Paraguay).

NOVITAXES ZOOLOGICAE XXXII. 1925, 9

parts with specimens from Bahia ' and the Rio Meia Ponte (south of the city

of Goyaz). Birds from Mattogrosso, Western Minas, and Espirito Santo ( Victoria)

belong likewise to this pale- bellied race, and I have also examined several examples

secured by Ventiiri at Posades (Misiones) and Ocampo (Santa Fe), in the Tring

Museum.

The birds found in Southern Parana (Curytiba), Santa Catharma, and Rio

Grande do Sul have been separated by Count Berlepsch as S. similis ochraceivenlris

Berl. ,* by reason of their much darker fulvous belly. Birds from Rio de Janeiro

and Sao Paido, however, are so variously intermediate, as I have shown else-

where,' that it is difficult to draw a fast line between the two forms.

Saltator rubicus = Phoenicothraupis rubica amabilis Berl.'

Saltator ruhicus (nee Vieillot )' ; L. & 0., Syn. Ai\ i. p. 36 ( YuracarSs, Guarayos).

Pyrangarubictis, d'Orhigny, Toy., p. 265 (C4uarayos, Yuracares ; descr. (J$).

No. 1, " (J" ad. (skin) : " Pyranga rubicus D'Orb. Male. No. 235, par

d'Orbigny, 1834. D. 380. Yuracares."— Wing, 96 ; taU, 84 ; bill, 16* mm.

This bird is precisely similar to an adult male from Yuntas, lowlands of

Yuracares, N. Bolivia, coU. G. Garlepp, in the Tring Museum. Count Berlepsch

having explained the characters of the present form I need not further dwell

on the subject. The known range of P. r. amahilis is restricted to the hot, low

country at the foot of the northern slopes of the Cochabamba chain of the

Bolivian Andes. It is, however, possible that the birds found on the upper

stretches of the Rio Guapore (Engenho do Gama), W. Mattogrosso ' may also

belong to the same race. Unfortunately, Natterer's specimens are all immature

or females.

Saltator atra = Schistochlamys atra (Gm.).'

Saltator atra, L. & 0., Syn. Av. i. p. 36 (Chiquitos, Bolivia).

Saltator melanopis Lath.' ; d'Orbigny, Voy., p. 291 (Conoepcion, Moxos ; San-Jose-de-Chiquitos,

E. Bolivia ; descr. adult).

No longer in the Paris Museum. Bolivian examples, obtained by G. Garlepp.

in the Berlepsch Collection, are not different from Cayenne and Brazilian skins.

After studying a very large series of this bird from various localities I am unable

to recognise S. atra aterrima Todd.' The supposed difference in the intensity

of the black colour about the head is most certainly due to the fresher condition

of the plumage.

Saltator olivaceus = Saltator maximus (P. L. S. Miill.).'°

Saltator olivaceus VieUI." ; L. & 0., Syn. Av. i. p. 36 (Corrientes, Arg. ; errore !).

Saltator cayana, d'Orbigny, Voy., p. 290 (Yuracares, au nord de Cochabamba, Bolivia).

1 Saltator similis paUidiventris Berlepsch, Zeits. ges. Ornith. ii. p. 121 (1885 — Bahia: type

examined).

" Bericht. V. Internal. Ornith. Congr. Berlin, p. 1114 (1912 — Taquara, Rio Grande do Sul).

» Nov. Zool. 15, 1908, p. 31 ; Verhandl. Ornith. Qes. Bayern, 12, Heft 2, 1915, p. 133.

• Ornis, 14, p. 348 (1907— San Mateo, Yuracares, N. Bolivia).

* Noiiv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., nouv. edit., 14, p. 107 (1817 — ex Azara No. 85 : Paraguay ; descr. <J$).

> Phoenicothraupis rubra (nee Vieillot) Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. iii. 1869, p. 212.

■ Tanagra atra Gmelin, Syst. Nat. 1, ii. p. 898 (1789 — ex Daubenton, PI. enl. 714, fig. 2 : Cayenne)-

^ Tanagra melanopis Latham, Ijxd. Orn. i. p. 422 (1790 — ex Daubenton, PI. enl. 714, fig. 2 :

Cayenne).

' Ann. Carnegie Mus. viii. No. 2, p. 203 (1912 — Guarico, Estado Lara, N. Venezuela).

'" Tanagra maxima P. L. S. Muller, Nalursyst., Suppl., p. 159 (1776 — ex Daubenton, PI, enl.

205 : Cayenne).

" Nouv. Diet, d'Hist, Nat., nouv. ed., 14, p. 108 (1817 — based on the same).

10 NOVITATES ZOOLOOIC AE XXXII. 1926.

No. 1, adult (skin) : " filall. cayennensis Nob. 250. d'Orbigny, 1834. D.

127. d'Yiiracares."— Wing, 97 ; tail, 89 ; bill, 20 mm.

This species is widely diflfused in South America, ranging from Colombia,

Venezuela, and Guiana, down to Mattogrosso, Goyaz, and the neighbourhood of

Rio de Janeiro.

Saltator bicolor = Cissopis leveriana minor Tsch.'

Saltator bicolor (neo Vieillot) ^ ; L. & O., Syn. Av. i. p. 36 (Yuraoares, Bolivia).

Bdhylus picatiis (nee Latham) ' ; d'Orb., Voy., p. 269 (Yuraear^s).

No. 1, adult (mounted) : " Yuracares, par M. d'Orbigny, fevrier 1834. —

No. 101.— D. 403. Cissopis minor Tsch."— Wing, 105 ; tail, 132 ; bill, 14 mm.

This bird agrees in every way with specimens from S.E. Peru (Chaquimayo,

prov. Pimo) and Eastern Ecuador (Rio Napo) in the Munich Museum. It is

very different from ('. leveriana major Cab., of Brazil, being much smaller in all

dimensions and having much less black on the upper parts. Judging from the

smallness of the bill, d'Orbigny's example appears to be a female.

Phytotoma rata Mol.

PhytotomararaUo}.' ; h. & 0.,Syn. Av.i.^i.Sl {Ciuli; desor. (J$) ; d'Orb., T'o^., p. 29,'i (Valparaiso,

ChUi).

No. 1, " cJ" juv. (mounted) : " cJ. Bolivie, d'Orbigny, 1830."

No. 2, $ (skin) : " d'Orbigny, No. 160. Valparaiso, Chili, 1830. Phytotoma

rara."

The locality " Bolivia " is unquestionably a mistake. No. 1 is an immature

male of the common Chilian species with cinnamon-rufous basal portion of

the tail.

Beyond Chilian limits Ph. rara has as yet only been met with in the western

part of Neuquen, near the Lake Nahuel-Huapi. The Munich Museum possesses

three specimens from this locality, procured by Dr. Adolf Lendl, of Budapest.

Phytotoma angustirostris Lafr. & Orb.

Phytotoma angustirostris Lafresnaye & d'Orbigny, Syn. Av. i. in Mag. Zool. el. ii. p. 37 (1837 — La

Paz, Bolivie ; descr. orig. (J$) ; d'Orb., Voy., Ois., p. 292, pi. xxix. fig. 2 (La Paz ; k Cavari,

Enquisivi, Palca, prov. Sicasica, Ayupaya, Cochabamba, Mizque, Chuquisaca ; descr. (J ad.

et juv., ?).

No. 1 ((J), ad. (skin), without original label, from Bolivia, d'Orbigny, 1834.

—Wing, 100 ; tail, 94 ; bill, 13 mm.

No. 2, " ? " ad. (skin) : " D. 192. La Paz. Phyt. angustirostris Nob. femelle.

d'Orbigny, 1834. No. 321."— Wing, 96 ; tail, 90 ; bill, 13i mm.

No. 3, " ?" (skin) : " 321. d'Orbigny, 1834. D. No. 192. Phyt. angusti-

rostris, Nob. fem. Bolivie." — Wing, 94 ; tail, 90 ; bill, 13 mm.

There can be no doubt about the distinctness of this Bolivian form, although

it may be subspecificaUy related to P. rutila, of Argentine.

1 Cissopis minor Tschudi, Fawn. Peru., Aves, p. 211 (1846 — " peruanischo Wald region ").

• Cissopis bicolor Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., nouv. 6<i., 26, p. 417 (1818 — " Guyano ot

Br^sil ").

' Lanius picatus Latham, Ind. Orn. i. p. 73 (1790 — Cayenne).

' Saggio Star. Nat. Chili, p. 254 (1782— Chili).

NOVITATES ZOOLOQICAE XXXII. 1925, 11

Phytotoma rutila Vie ill.

Phytotomn rulila Vieill.'; L. & d'O., Syn. Av. i. p. 38 (Oorrientes) ; d'Orb., Voy., p. 293, pi. xxix.

fig. 1 (Rincon de Luna, pres du Rio Bate] ; descr. rj).

No. 1 ( cJ), imm. (skin) ; " No. 147. d'Orbigny, juillet 1829. Corrientes,

Ph. rulila Vieill."— Wing, 90 ; tail, 88 ; bill, 13 mm.

Agreeing with specimens from Buenos Aires. This species is widely

distributed in Argentine, extending from the lower Rio Negro through the

central and eastern parts of the Republic north to Tucuman and Salta. In

Paraguay it must be very rare. Azara procured only a single male, and since

that time it has never been found again in that country as far as I am aware.

Bupicola peruviana = Rupicola peruviana saturata Cab. & Heine."-

Rupicola peruviana (nee Latham) ' ; L. & 0., Syn. Av. i. p. 38 (Yungas, Yuracarfis) ; d'Orb., Voy.,

p. 294 (proT. Yungas et A Test de Coohabamba).

No. 1, (J ad. (mounted), from Bolivia (without exact locality), coll. d'Orbigny,

1834. No. des galeries 3196.

Of this well- characterised southern race we have examined numerous

examples, in the Berlepsch and Munich Collections, from C.E. Peru (Santa Ana),

S.E. Peru (Marcapata), and N. Bolivia.

There are, thus, four races of the Peruvian Cock-of-the-Rock :

(a) R. peruviana peruviana (Lath.), N. and N.E. Peru ; E. Ecuador ; E.

Colombia (Bogota coll.).

(6) R. peruviana aurea Chapm.,' W. Colombia (Cauca).'

(c) R. peruviana sanguiiwlenia Gould., W. Ecuador.

(d) R. peruviana saturata Cab. & Heine., C.E. and S.E. Peru ; N. Bolivia.

Pipra rubrocapilla = Pipra chloromeros Tsch.'

Pipra ruhrocapilla (nee Temminck) ' ; L. & 0., Syn. Av. i. p. 38 (Santa-Oruz-de-la-Sierra, YuracarAs,

Bolivia ; descr. $) ; d'Orbigny, Voy., p. 294 (Yuracar^s ; descr. <J$).

No. 1, " (J" ad. (skin) : " 187. d'Orbigny, 1834. D. 430, d'Yuracares."—

Wing, 63 ; tail, 28 ; bill [damaged] mm.

No. 2, " cJ " ad. (skin) : " 187. d'Orbigny, 1834. D. 430, de Santa Cruz.

Pipra rubrocapilla, Nob. Mas." — Wing, 63 ; tail, 27 ; bUl, 10 mm.

Both are typical chloromeros, with the characteristic, strongly rounded

tail and stifEened shafts of the lateral rectrices. The chin as well as the axillaries

and under wing-coverts are black lilte the belly. The thighs are yellow, in No. 2

(Santa Cruz) with a few pale- reddish feathers on the posterior joint.

About the characters and range of this species, see my revision of the genus

Pipra in Ihis, 1906, pp. 17-19.

I have not succeeded in discovering a female among d'Orbigny' s series in

the Paris Museum.

< Nouv. Diet. d'Hiat. Nat., nouv. edit., 26, p. 64 (1818— ex Azara No. 91 : Paraguay ; descr.

S ad.).

' Rupicola saturata Cabanis & Heine, Mus. Hein. ii. p. 99 (Oct. 1859— Bolivia ; descr. (J?).

' Pipra peruviana Latham, Ind. Orn. ii. p. 555 (1790 — ex Daubenton, PL enl. 745 : Peru).

< Bull. Amer. Mus. N.H. 31, p. 156 (1912— Salento, Cauca, W. Colombia).

' The Munich Museum has a series from Riolima, Cauca, secured by the late J. H. Batty.

• Arch. J. Naturg. 10, i. p. 271 (1844 — Peru; descr. ^ ad.).

' Rec.Pl. col, livr. 9, pi. liv, fig. 3 (1821— "Br^sil," t. typ. subst. Bnhia, auct. Hellmayr 1906).

12 Xo^^TATEs ZooLOGirAE XXXII. 1925.

Pipra fasciata = Pipra aureola fasciicauda Hellm.i

Piprafasciata (nee Thunberg) ' ; Lafresnaye & d'Orbigny, iS^n.^u. i.in Mag. Zool. ol.ii. p. 38(1837 —

Yuracares, rep. Boliviana ; descr. orig. (J ad.) ; d'Orbigny, Voy., Ois., p. 295, pi. xxx. fig. 1

(Santa-Cruz-de-Ia-Sierra, Guarayos ; descr. (J$).

No. 1, " (^" ad. (mounted) : " Bolivie, Guarayos, d'Orbigny, 1834. —

No. 188. (J. P. fasciata Lafr. & Orb. Type. No. des galeries 3141."— Wing,

65 ; tail, 31 ; bill, 10 mm.

No. 2, " <^" vix ad. (skin): "188. P. fasciata Nob. d'Orbigny, 1834.

D. 320. Guarayos."~Wing, 65 ; tail, 31 ; bill, 10 mm.

No. 3, " tJ " juv. (skin) : " D. 320. Sta. Cruz, Pipra fasciata Nob. d'Orbigny,

1834. No. 188."

The type, No. 1, is a fully adult male, with broad yellowish white bar across

both webs of all the rectrices. Although considerably faded, it is unquestionably

referable to that form which inhabits the hot lowlands of N. Bolivia (San

Mateo) and S.E. Peru (Yahuarmayo, Carabaya). Like the two adult males in

the Munich Museum, the type shows dull orange-red tips only to the feathers

of the foreneck, breast, and sides of throat, while the middle of throat as well

as the abdomen are clear yellow. The auriculars are bright yellow, with mere

traces of orange dots along the posterior edge.

For further particulars about P. aureola fasciicauda and its Brazilian aUy,

P. aureola scarlatina, cf. my account in Verhandl. Ornith. Ges. in Bayern, xii.

Heft 2, 1915, pp. 121-124.

Cephalopterus omatus Geoffr. St. Hil.

Cephalopterus oriMtus L. & 0., Syn. Av. i. p. 39 (Bolivia) ; d'Orb., Voy., p. 296 (Rio Beni).

No specimen was brought home. D'Orbigny examined a poor skin in the

possession of some Indian.

The Umbrella-bird is widely diffused in the Amazonian forest- region from

Venezuela down to N. Bolivia.

Querula cinerea =Lathria cineracea (Vieill.).'

Querula cinerea (Vieill.) » ; L. & O., Syn. Av. i. p. 39 (Moxos, rep. Boliviana).

Querula cineracea Vieill. ; d'Orb., Voy., p. 296 (Mission de Magdalena, prov. Moxos).

There is no d'Orbignyan example in the Paris Museum. Bolivian skins

in Count Berlepsch's Collection, however, are not different from Guianan birds.

After examining some sixty specimens from various parts of South America I am

unable to uphold the distinctness of the East Brazilian L. plutnbea,' even as a

subspecies.

Ampelis rubrocristata = Heliochera rubrocristata (Lafr. & Orb.).

Ampelia ruhrocrislala Lafresnaye & d'Orbigny, Syn. Av. i. in Mag. Zool. cl. ii. p. 39 (1837 — Ayupaya

Yungas, Bolivia ; descr. orig. ad. et juv.) ; d'Orbigny, Voy., Ois., p. 297, pi. xxxi. fig. 1 (Chup6

prov. Yungas ; Paica, prov. Ayupaya ; descr. ad. et juv.).

' Pipra fasciicauda Hellmayr, Ibis (8), vi. p. 9 (1906 — nom. nov. for P. fasciata Lafr. <fc Orb.).

' Mem. Ac. Imp. Sci. Si. Pelersb. vUi. p. 285 (1822— S.E. Brazil).

' Ampelis cineracea Vieillot, Tabl. enc. meth., Ornith. ii. livr. 91, p. 760 (1822 — «x " Le Cotinga

cendr^," Levaillant, Hist. Nat. Ois. nouv. et rar. i. 1801, pi. xliv. : Cayenne).

* Ampelis cinerea Vieillot (Nouv. Did. d'Hist. Nat., nouv. M., 8, 1817, p. 162 ■■ ex Lovaillant

pi. xliv.), commonly employed for this bird, is preoccupied by Ampelis cinerea Latham {Iiid. Ornith.

i. 1790, p. 367 ; new name for Lanius nengda Linn. 1766).

' Muscicapa plumbea Lichtenstein, Verz. Dubl. Berl. Mus. p. 53 (1823 — Bahia).

NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXII. 1925. 13

No. 1, adult (mounted): " d'Ayupaya, Bolivie, par d'Orbigny, 1834.

Heliochera rttbrocristata Lafr. & Orb. Type."

No. 2, juv. (skin) : " Amp. ruhrocristuta Nob. 185. d'Orbigny, 1834. D. 333.

Bolivie."

Bolivian birds agree well with others from Peru (Marcapata) and Ecuador.

Ampelis cayana = Cotinga cayana (Linn.).'

Ampelis cayana L. ; L. & O., Stjii. Av. i. p. 40 (Yuracar^s, rep. Boliviana).

Ampelis cayennensis (ex Brisson) d'Orbigny, Voy., Ois., p. 297 (Yuracar^s ; descr. (J).

There is no specimen of d'Orbigny' s in the Paris Museum. The description

in the Voyage leaves, however, hardly any doubt as to its being referable to

C. cayana, and not to ('. maynana (Linn.), another Upper Amazonian species.

Moreover, the former was obtained by Rusby in the same general district, viz.

on the lower Beni, N. Bolivia.'

Ampelis viridis = Euchlornis riefferii signata Hellm.'

Ampelis viridis Lafresnaye & d'Orbigny, Syn. Av. i. in Mag. Zool. cl. ii. p. 40 (1837 — Yungaa, in

Bolivia ; descr. orig. ?) ; d'Orbigny, Voy., Ois., p. 298, pi. xxxi. fig. 2 (Chulumani, prov.

Yungas : " un eehantillon capture dans unc ^glise en construction ").

No. 1 ($), ad. (mounted): "No. 3017. Pipreola viridis d'Orb. Type.

Bolivie— Yungas, 1834. M. d'Orbigny, D. 258— 186."— Wing, 95 ; tail, 85 ;

bill, 13 mm.

The type is a female with the top of the head green like the back, yellowish

chin, oHve-green throat and breast. All of the rectrices have a well-defined,

white apical margin (about 2 mm. wide), which constitutes the essential

distinguishing character of this form, as is shown by a series of both sexes from

N. Bolivia in the Berlepsch Collection.

Further i3articulars regarding the races of E. riefferii may be found in

Verhamllungen Ornith. Ges. i. Bayerv, xii. Heft 3, 1915, pp. 207-8.

Procnias coemlea = Tersina viridis viridis (III.).'

Procnias coemlea Vieill. ^ ; L. & 0., Syn. Av. i. p. 41 (Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia).

Tersina tersa L. « ; d'Orbigny, Voy., p. 299 (•• Rio Pyray, non loin de Santa Cruz " ; descr. $).

No. 1, " cJ" ad. (skin): " 182. d'Orbigny, 1834. D. 430. Santa Cruz.

Tersina tersa Nob. Male."— Wing, 90 ; tail, 58 ; bill, 10 mm.

No. 2 ($), ad. (skin) : "182. 7'em/i« to-sa, Nob., d'Orbigny, 1834. D. 430.

Sta. Cruz, Bolivie." — Wing [worn] ; tail ; bill, 9f mm.

As pointed out by the late Count Berlepsch,' the Bolivian birds are difficult

to place satisfactorily. The adult male from the Rio Pyray (N.W. of Santa

' Ampelis cayana Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. 12, i. p. 298 (1766 — ex Brisson : " Brasilia, Cayana ").

' Cf. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N.H. ii. 1889, p. 88.

' Euchlornis riefferii signata nom.nov. pro Ampelis viridis Lafr. & Orb. 1837 nee Ampelis viridis

Tullberg, Ampelis nov. spec. (Dissert, praes. C. P. Thunberg), Upsala, 1823, p. 4 (Brazil : coll. Freyreis).

« Hirundo viridis Illiger, Prodr. Syst. Mamm. Av. p. 229 (1811— based on " L'Hirondelle

verte," Temminck, Cat. Syst. Gab. d'Ornith. 1807, p. 245, No. 986 (= $) : " lies Sandwich " (I.e.

p. 130), errore !, we substitute Eastern Brazil).

' Tersina coeridea Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. 33, p. 401 (1819 — " du Br^sil et du Pdrou " ;

descr. (J$).

« Ampelis tersa Linn. 1766 ia unidentifiable. Cf. Berlepsch, Ibis, 1881, p. 243.

' Berichl V. Internat. Ornith. Kongr. Berlin, 1912, p. 1122.

14 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXII. 1925.

Cruz de la Sierra) is fully as large as Bahia skins (which we may consider as

typical T. viridis viridis), with which it also agrees in the light Nile- blue coloration,

although the back and rump show a slightly more bluish tint.

Males from N.W. Bolivia (Songo, San Antonio) are smaller and of a darker,

more bluish colour. They are nearer T. viridis occidenialis (Scl.),' though not

quite typical.

Large series from various Bolivian localities are required to ascertain the

exact range of the two races which evidently inhabit that vast repubUc. For the

present, I refer the birds from the country round Santa Cruz de la Sierra to

T. V. viridis, which is also found in the adjoining Brazilian state of Mattogrosso

(Cuyaba, Chapada) ; those from the north-western parts (Western Yungas),

however, to T. v. occidentalis (Scl.).

Psaris cayanus = Tityra cayana (Linn.).*

Pmria cayamis, L. & 0., Syn. Av. i. p. 41 (Guarayos, Bolivia) ; d'Orb., Voy., p. 301 (" dans lea

grandes forets qui apparent Santa Cruz de la Sierra de Chiquitoa . . . au paya dca Guarayos,"

E. Bolivia ; deser. (J).

No. 1 (cJ), ad. (skin): " Psaris cayajiits Noh. 102. d'Orbigny, 1834. D.

No. 333. Guarayos."— Wing, 116; tail, 75 ; bill, 25 1 mm.

No. 2 (9), ad. (skin): " D. 333. Psaris cayanus. No. 102, d'Orbigny,

1834. Bolivie."— Wing, 120 ; tail, 73 ; bill, 27J mm.

Both examples — in perfect adult plumage — are typical of cayana, having

the apical portion of the bill for about 12 mm. black, the remainder reddish

yellow. In the female, the top and sides of the head are dull black ; below, the

foreneck and chest only are marked with narrow, blackish shaft streaks.

Cf. Hellma3'r, Abhandl. Bayer. Ak. Wiss. ii. Kl., 22, 1906, pp. 667-C68.

Psaris semifasciatus = Tityra semifasciata semifasciata (Spix).'

Psaris semifasciatus (Spi.x) ; L. & O., Syn. Av. i. p. 41 (Santo-Coraz6n, Chiquitos, E. Bolivia) ;

d'Orb., Voy., p. 307 (8anto-Coraz6n ; deacr. (J$).

No. 1, " cj " ad. (skin) : " D. 329. Sto. Corazon de Chiquitos, d'Orbigny,

1834. No. 103. Psaris semifasciatus Nob. Mas."— Wing, 130; tail, 77; bill,

25J mm.

No. 2, " ?" ad. (sldn) : " D. 329. Santa Cruz [E. Bolivia], d'Orbigny,

1834. No. 103. Psaris Semifasciatus Nob. foem." — Wing, 121 ; tail, 79 ; bill

[damaged] mm.

These bLrd.s agree in coloration with others from Amazonia (Para, Rio

Madeira) . While the female from Santa Cruz does not differ in size either, the

male has even longer wings than another from Chaquimayo, prov. Puno,

S.E. Peru, in the Munich Museum,' which ought to belong to 7\ semifasciata

fortis Berl. & Stolzm.,' although — in contradiction to the original description —

it possesses a broad continuous black band across both webs of the external

rectrices. It should also be noted that, of two adult males from the upper

' Procniaa occidentalis Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Land. 22, " 1854," p. 249 (April 1855 — " Nova

Grenada ").

" Lanius Cayanus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. 12, i. p. 137 (1766 — ex Brisson : Cayenne).

' Pachyrhynchus semifasciatus Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 32, pi. 44, fig. 2 (1826 — "in provincia

Pari ").

« Wing, 128 : tail, 79 ; biU, 28 nun.

' Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1896, p. 369 (1896 — La Gloria and La Merced, Chanchamayo, Central

Peru).

NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXII. 1925. 15

Madeira (Allianca, Calama)/ one has a broad, black subapical tail-band, whereas

in the other there is merely a Umited marginal patch on the inner web separated

by a broad whitish interspace from the black outer vane. In view of these

facts, we are not prepared to accept T. s. fortis as a valid form. More ample

material, however, might prove the inhabitants of Mattogrosso, BoUvia, S.E. and

C. Peru to be distinguishable by their larger size. In this case the subspecific

term jortis would come into use again.

West of the Andean chain and nortli of the Panamic isthmus T. s. semi-

fasciata is replaced by a number of more or less well-marked geographic races,

which need not be discussed here.

Psaris inquisitor = Tityra inquisitor pelzelni Salv. & Godm.'

Pearis inquisitor (neo Lichtenstein) ' ; L. & 0., Syn. Av. i. p. 41 (Chiquitos, Santa Cruz, E. Bolivia) ;

d'Orbigny, Voy., p. 302 (Santa-Cruz-de-la-Sierra, Chiquitos ; descr. (J9)-

No. 1, "(J " ad. (skin) : " D. 328. Chiquitos, par d'Orbigny, 1834. No. 104.

Psaris inquisitor d'Orb. Mas." — Wing, 105 ; tail, 67 ; bill, 22 mm.

No. 2, " cj" ad. (skui) : ■' D. 328. Santa Cruz, par d'Orbigny, 1834.

No. 104. Psaris inquisitor, d'O. Mas."— Wing, 108 ; tail, 63 ; bill, 22J mm.

No. 3, " ?" ad. (skin) : " D. 328. Chiquitos, d'Orbigny, 1834. No. 104.

Psaris inquisitor d'Orb. femelle." — Wing, 102 ; tail, 64 ; bill, 24 mm.

The adult males agree in all essential characters with two others from Villa

Bella de Mattogrosso, including the type of T. ■pelzelni. In No. 1 the white

area at the base of the tail is hardly more extended than in T. i. inquisitor, but

involves also the outer web of the rectrices, which is never the case in the typical

race. The three other examples have very nearly as much white as T. a.

albitorques, from which they may, however, easily be distinguished by the black

(instead of white) coloration of the cheeks and auriculars.

Birds from Chapada,' whence there is a couple in the British Museum, are

likewise referable to T. i. pelzelni.

The range of this form is apparently restricted to Western Mattogrosso

(Chapada, Villa Bella de Mattogrosso, and Engenho do Gama, on the R. Guapore ; '

Corumba, on the Upper Paraguay) and Eastern BoUvia (Chiquitos, Santa Cruz

de la Sierra).

A synopsis of the three geographic races of T. inquisitor I have given in the

report on Prof. Miiller's ornithological collections from Lower Amazonia. '

Psaris atricapillus = Platypsaris rufus nihis (Vicill.).'

Psaris atricapillus (Vieill.) ' ; L. & O., Syn. Av. i. p. 42 (Chiquitos).

Psaris roseicollis, d'Orbigny, Voy., p. 302 (part : descr. (J juv. ; Chiquitos).

' Wing, 118, 119 ; taU, 72 ; bill, 24, 26i mm.

' Tityra pelzelni Salvin & Godman, Biol. Centr. Atneric, Aves, ii. p. 120 (Dec. 1890— [Villa

Bella de] Mattogrosso, Western Mattogrosso ; coll. Natterer).

• Lanius Inquisitor (ex Olfers MS.) Lichtenstein, Verz. Dull. Berliner Mus. p. 50 (1823 — Sao

Paulo, S.E. BrazU).

' Tityra inquisitor Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N.H. v. 1893, p. 110.

' Tityra albitorques Pelzeln, Ornith. Brasil. ii. 1868, p. 120 (part).

• Abhandl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., math.-phys. Kl., 26, No. 2, 1912, pp. 32-33.

' Tityraruja Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hisl. Nat., nouv. ^d., iii. p. 347 (1816 — ex Azara, No. 208 :

Paraguay ; = $).

8 Tityra atricapiUaViei]lot, I.e. iii. pp. 347-348 (1816— ex Azara, No. 209 : Paraguay ; = <J juv.).

16 NOVITATES ZOOLOQICAE XXXII. 1925^

No. 1, " c?" ad. (sldn) : " D. 361, de Chiquitos, d'Orbigny, 1834. No. 183.

Psaris roseicollis fern." — Wing, 96 ; tail, — ; bill, 17| mm.

This bird is practically identical with others from Sao Paulo and the Sertao

of Amaroleite, prov. Goyaz, in the Paris Jluseum. It is a typical example of

P. r. rnfus, with the under-parts dingy brownish buff, and very different from

P. riifus audax (Cab.),' of which we have both sexes from Tucuman, N.W.

Argentine. = No. 1 is an adult male, with sooty-black upper-parts and the

singularly modified second primary.

In the Voyage d'Orbigny united this species to P. roseicollis, considering

the cJ ad. of P. r. rujus to represent the immature stage of the latter bird. There

is no female of d'Orbigny' s in the Paris Museum.

P. r. rujus ranges from northern Santa Fe (Argentine), Paraguay, and Santa

Catharina north to the hOl districts of Eastern Bolivia (Chiquitos), Mattogrosso,

Goyaz, and Bahia.

P. r. audax is evidently its Andean representative in Peru (Bolivia) and

N.W. Argentine. It has as yet only been found in Central Peru (Chanchamayo)

and the mountains of Tucuman.

Psaris roseicollis Lafr. & Orb. =Platypsaris minor (Less.).'

Psaris roseicollis Lafresnaye & Orbigny, Syn. Av. i. in Mag. Zool. el. ii. p. 42 (1837 — Guarayos,

Yuracar^s ; descr. orig. (J); d'Orb., Voy., Ois., p. 302 (part: descr. (J ad.; Yuracar^3,

Guarayos).

No. 1, " (J" ad. (skin) :" 183. d'Orbigny, 1834. D. 373. Psaris roseicollis

Nob. Type. Male. Guarayos."— Wing, 96 ; tail, 69 ; bill, 19 mm.

Very similar to an adult male procured by Castelnau and Deville at Sarayacu,

Eastern Peru, but shghtly greyer, less blackish below. Both have a large pink

patch on the foreneck.

P. minor is widely diffused in the Amazonian forest-region, ranging from

Guiana and Venezuela south to Northern Bolivia.

Pachyrhynchus marginatus = Paehyrhamphus marginatus (Licht.).'

Pachyrhynchus inaryinatus (Licht.) ; L. & O., iiyii. Av. i. p. 42 (Yuracares, rep. Boliviana ; descr.

$) ; d'Orb., Voy., p. 303, pi. xxxi. fig. 2 (Yuracares).

No. 1 ($), ad. (skin) : " D. 422. d' Yuracares, par d'Orbigny, 1834. No. 132.

Pachyrhynchus marginatus, d'Orb." — Wing, 65 ; tail, 52 ; bill, 12 mm.

This bird differs from a topotypical Bahia specimen (female) merely by

smaller size. After examining large series from various parts of its range I do

not consider it possible to divide the P. atricapillus auct. ' mto two geographic

• Hudrostomus audax Cabanis, Journ. f. Omilh. 21, p. 68 (1873— Monterioo, N.E. Ayacucho,

C. Peru ; descr. <J$).

' I have not yet had an opportunity of comparing them with topotypical Peruvian skin, but

they agree well with Cabanis' description.

' Querula minor Lesson, TraiU d'Orn., livr. 5, p. 363 (end of 1830 — Cayenne, coll. Martin).

^ Todus marginatus Lichtenstein, Verz. Dubl. Berliner Mus. p. 51 (1823 — Bahia, E. Brazil ;

descr. orig. $, type examined by Count Berlepsch ; cf. Nol^. Zool. 15, 1908, p. 141).

' Lanius Atricapillus Merrera {Av. Icon, el Descripi., fasc. ii. 1786, p. 26, pi. viii. : Surinam)

appears imidentifiable. I follow, therefore, Count Berlepsch in adopting Lichtenstein's specific

title for this bird.

NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXII. 1925. 17

races, although it cannot be denied that northern specimens are, as a rule, slightly

smaller. This may be illustrated by the appended figures.

cJ^ ad.

One from Bahia, E. Brazil

Two from Rio de Janeiro '

Two from Caura, E. Venezuela

Six from the Upper Rio Negro (Marabitanas)

One from Maroins, Rio Machados

One from Pebas, N.E. Peru

$$ad.

One from Bahia, E. Brazil

Six from the Caura R., Venezuela

Three from the Rio Negro (Marabitanas)

One from Maroins, Rio Machado.?

One from Pebas, N.E. Peru

One from Yuracares, N. Bolivia

„ ,, , rPitangussulphuratusmaximiliani (Cab. & Heine).'

Tyrannus salphuratus = {pj^^^^^^ sulphuratus bolivianus (Lafr.).>

Tyrannus sulphurahis (nee Linnaeus) ^ ; L. & 0., .S'j/«. Av. i. p. 42 (Montevideo ; Corrientes, Arg. ;

Cochabamba, Chuqmsaca, Bolivia).

Tyrannus sulfuratns, d'Orb., Voy., p. 304 (Buenos Ayres, Montevideo, Corrientes, Chiquitos, Cocha-

bamba, Chuquisaca).

No. 1, " cJ" ad. (skin) : "Envoi de M. d'Orbigny, 13.9'"M827. Tyrannus

sulphuratus Nob., de Montevideo, No. 13. Pass. Male." — Wing, 120 ; tail, 97 ;

bill, 33 mm. = Pitaiujus sulphuratus maximiliani (Cab. & Heine).

No. 2, adult (skin) : " d'Orbigny, juillet 1829. No. 108. Corrientes.

Tyrannus sulphuratus. Nob." — Wing, 120 ; tail, 94 ; bill, 33 mm. = P. s.

maximiliani (Cab. & Heine).

No. 3, imm., moulting (skin) ; " Tyrannus sulphuratiis, Nob. d'Orbigny,

juillet 1829. No. 108 " [Corrientes].— Wing, — ; tail, — ; bill, 31 J mm. =

P. s. maximiliani (Cab. & Heine).

There are no Bolivian examples in the Paris Museum. Adult and young

from Chuquisaca passed into the hands of Lafresnaye and formed the basis of

his S. bolivianus, which, as shown by ten skins from the highlands of Bolivia

(Cochabamba, Sucre, and Santa Cruz), is easily recognisable by its large size.

Birds from Ai-gentine (Buenos Aires, Chaco, Corrientes, Tucuman), Matto-

grosso, and Rio Grande do Sul are much smaller and agree well with Bahia

skins.

' The marked type ofPac7!)/rAj/«cftu«Sj»aniSwainson (4mm. in Mcnoj. 1838, p. 289 : "Brazil?")

which I have examined in the Paris Museum, was procured by M^n^trics in Southern Brazil, pre-

sumably in the vicinity of Rio de Janeiro. It is by no means referable to P. polychopterua (Vieill.),

with which P. spixii has often been associated, but proves to be an adult male of P. marginatus.

The type specimen (No. 3625 of the galleries) 13 precisely similar to a Baliia skin, and measures :

wing, 70 ; tail [damaged] ; bill, 13 mm.

* Saurophagus maximiliani Cabanis & Heine, Mus. Hein., ii. p. 63 (1859 — Brazil).

^ Saurophagus holimanus Lafresnaye, Rev. Mag. Zool. (2) iv. p. 463 (1852 — Chuquisaca,

Bolivia, coll. d'Orbigny ; types in coll. Lafresnaye, No. 4706, 4707, now in Mus. Boston Soc. N. Hist.).

' Lanius sulphuratus Linnaeus, Sysl. Nat., 12, i. p. 137 (1766— %x Brisson : Cayenne).

2

18 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXII. 1925.

Tyrannus audax = Myiodynastes solitarius (Vieill.).'

Tyrannit3 avdax (nco GmeVm) - ; L. & O., Syn. Ar.i. p. 43 (Santo Coraz6n, Chiquitos) ; cVOrb.,

Voy., p. 305 (Corrientes, au 28' degr6 lat. sud ; Santa Cruz, Chiquitos, Bolivia).

Nos. 1, 2, adults (skins) : " D. 310. Chiquitos, d'Orbigny, 1834. No. 122.

Tyr. audax Vieill."

No. 3, adult (skin) : '• D. 316. S'° Corazon de Chiquitos, d'Orbigny,

1834. No. 122. Tyrannus audax Vieill."

All three are typical examples of M. solitarius, having the entire under-

parts broadly striped with black and no trace of rufous along inner web

of rectrices. They agree perfectly with skins from Paraguay and Santa Fe

(Argentine).

There is no Corrientes specimen in the Paris Museum.

Tyrannus crinitus = Myiarchus tyrannulus chlorepiscius Berl. & Lev.'

Tyrannus crinitus (nee Linnaeus) ' ; L. & 0., Syn. Av. i. p. 43 (Corrientes) ; d'Orb., Voy., p. 300

(Corrientes, Arg. ; " vnes dans la province dc Yungas," Bolivia).

No. 1, adult (skin) : " d'Orbigny, juillet 1829. No. 107. Corrientes.

Tyrannus crinitus Nob." — Wing, 96J ; tail, 91 ; bill [damaged] mm.

After carefully examining a considerable series from Mattogrosso (Cuyaba,

Chapada), E. Bolivia (San Miguel), and northern Argentine (Corrientes, prov.

Santa Fe, Salta, Tucuman), I am unable to separate the latter from M. t. chlor-

episcius, although some of the southern examples have the upper parts darker

as well as of a more brownish tinge.

D'Orbigny's Corrientes bird, however, is, above, very nearly as light

olivaceous grey as the adult male collected by Behn at San Miguel, E. Bolivia,

on June 19, 1847, one of the types of M. t. chlorepiscius,^ with which it has been

compared. In both examples, the inner web of the four lateral rectrices (of each

side) is bright cinnamon-rufous on its inner half.

The range of this pale southern form extends from Eastern Bolivia and

Mattogrosso southwards to Paraguay and northern Argentine. The eastern

limits of its area are still very imperfectly known. The inhabitants of S.E.

Brazil (states Rio de Janeiro, S. Paulo, Parana) which I have not seen might

belong to either M. t. chlorepiscius or M. t. bahiae. Cf. also Hellmayr, Nov.

ZooL. 15, 1908, p. 53.

f Jc? = Myiarchus cephalotes Tacz.'

Tyrannus lerox 1 5 ^ Myigjchus pelzelni ferocior Cab.'

Tyrannvs ferox (nee GmeUn)' ; L. & O., Syn. Av. i. p. 43 (Chiquitos, Santa Cruz, Yungas, Bolivia) ;

d'Orbigny, Foy.,p. 306 (Moxoset Chiquitos, Santa Cruz-de-la-Sierra, prov. Yungas; descr. (J?).

' Tyrannus solitarius Vieillot, Nouv. Did. d'Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d., 35, p. 88 (1819 — ex Azara

No. 196 : Paraguay).

- Mvscicapa audax Gmelin, Syst. Nat. 1, ii. p. 934 (1789 — ex Daubenton, PI. enl. 453, fig. 2 :

Cayenne) ; ^Myiodynastes tnacidatus (P. L. S. Miill.), 1776.

^ Myi _,. thus tyrannulus (St. Miill.), subsp.n. chlorepiscius Berlepsch & Leverkiihn, Ornis, vi.

p. 16 (1890 — San Miguel, distr. Guarayos, E. Bolivia ; Cuyaba, Mattogrosso).

' Turdus crinitus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 10, i. p. 170 (1768 — ex Catesby, Carolina, i. p. 52, pi. Hi:

Carolina).

^ This bird is now in the Vienna Museum, No. 19499.

" Proc. Zool. Soc. Land. 1879, p. 671 (1879 — Paltaypampa, Ropaybamba, C. Peru; Tambillo,

N.W. Peru).

' Myiarchus Jerocior Cabanis, Journ. f. Ornith. 31, p. 214 (1883 — Tucuman, N.W. Argentine).

^ Muscicapa /ero.f Oraelin, Syst. Nat. 1, ii. p. 934. excl. var. (i (1789 — ex Brisson : Cayenne).

NOVTTATES ZoOLOaiCAE XXXII. 1925. 19

No. 1 (9), ad. (mounted) : " Myiarchus ferox (Gm.) (J. d'Orbigny, 1834.

No. 125. Yungas, Bolivie. No. 3737a."— Wing, 85 ; tail, 87 ; bill, 19 mm. =

Myiarchus cephalotes Tacz.

No. 2 (cj), ad. (mounted): " Myiarchus ferox (Gm.) $, Chiquitos, Bolivie,

par d'Orbigny, 1834. No. 125. No. 3737b."— Wing, 97 ; tail, 87 ; biU, 19 mm.

=Myiarchus j^elzelni ferocior Cab.

The bird from Yungas (No. 1) is an example of M. cephalotes, agreeing in

every respect with three adults from Chirimoto, N. Peru, The outer web of

the outermost rectrix is decidedly whitish ; the upper wing coverts show broad,

dingy whitish, apical edges ; the upper surface is of a deep, smoky olive colour.

The Municli Museum has specimens of the same form from Chaquimayo,

Carabaya, S.E. Peru. From M. f. ferox (Gm.) and M. f. swainsonii Cab. & Heine,

this species may be distinguished by the conspicuous whitish outer margin to

the external rectrix, darker upper parts, and whitish (instead of greyish buff or

greyish brown) markings on the wing coverts. Its range extends from Eastern

Ecuador (Machay), through the central and eastern parts of Peru, to the forest

region of N.W. Bolivia (Western Yungas).

The Chiquitos-bird (No. 2) is practically identical with an adult male from

Ocampo, prov. Santa Ee, Argentine, November 7, 1900, S. Venturi coll..

No. 08.553, Munich Museum, which, thanks to the good offices of the late Count

Berlepsch, I had been able to compare with the type of M. ferocior Cab., from

San Xavier, Tucuman, belonging to the Berhn Museum. D'Orbigny's specimen,

although slightly soiled, stiU shows the characteristic light olivaceous grey ground-

colour of the upper parts, and the whitish grey tone of the throat and foreneck,

while the pale horn-brown bill is of exactly the same shape as in our Argentine

skins. In all the four individuals examined in the present connection the light

markings of the upper wing coverts are dull whitish, as is also the outer web of

the lateral rectrix.

[M. ferocior has been either synonymised with or regarded as a geographic

race of M. ferox. Neither of these views, however, can be upheld, as a careful

investigation of the case tends to show. This bird, in shape of the wing and bill

as well as in coloration, agrees so closely witli M. pelzelni that there can be no

doubt whatever as to the near relation of the two " species." In fact, the four

specimens from Argentine and E. Bolivia, M. p. ferocior, differ from twelve

M. pelzelni merely by somewhat larger size and slightly more greenish upper-

parts. These divergencies are, however, sUght, and not quite constant, so that

the relationship of the two forms is more properly expressed by trinomials.

Thus, we have —

(a) Myiarchus pelzelni pelzelni Berl.

Brazil : Bahia (Isl. Itaparica, in the Bay of Bahia ; i Facenda da Serra,

on the Rio Grande -) : Mattogrosso (Potinho ') ; Piauhy (coastal zone ') ; Ama-

zonia (Boim, Rio Tapajoz ; ' Marajo ; ' Faz. Nazareth, Isl. Mexiana ') ; C.E.

Peru : Santa Ana.'

I Nicoll, Ibis (8), vi. 1906, p. 668.

' Myiarchus ferox cantons Reiser, Denkschr. math.-naturw. Kl. Akad. Wisa, Wien, 76, 1910,

p. 76 (part : Nos. 426, 1319).

' Berlepsch & Leverkuhn, Ornis, vi. 1890, p. 17.

« Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Ooeldi, viii. 1914, p. 389.

<■ HellmajT, Abhandl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss., math. phys. Kl., 26, No. 2, 1912, p. 110.

• Berlepsch & Stolzmann, Ornis, xiii. 1906, p. 89.

20

NOVITATES ZOOLOOIOAE XXXII. 1925.

Seven (unsexed) Bahia skins (inel. the type) 83-90 J

One (unsexed) adult, Potinho, Mattogrosso

One adult male from Fac. da Serra, Bahia.

One adult female from Piauhy

One adult female from Mexiana

One adult male from Santa Ana, G.E. Peru

One adult female from Santa Ana, C.E. Peru

(6) Myiarchus pelzelni ferocior Cab.'

Eastern Bolivia : Chiquitos ; Western Argentine : Tucuman (San Xavier,

Tapia), Cordoba (Schulz) ; Santa Fe (Mocovi, Ocampo, Chaco). — Also recorded

from Concepcion del Uruguay, Entrerios, by Barrows, and from Barracas al

Sud, prov. Buenos Aires, by Hartert & Venturi.

One adult male from Chiquitos, E. Bolivia

One adult male from Rio Surutu, Dep, Sta.

Cruz, Bolivia '- ....

One adult from Tucuman (type) .

One adult male from Miraflores, Oran '

Two adult males from Santa Fe

In the Voyage (p. 307), d'Orbigny says " les males sont beaucoup plus fonces

en dessus que les femelles et leurs couleurs sont plus vives." This statement is

fully borne out by the specific differences separating M. cephalotes (= " ^ ")

and M. pelzelni ferocior ( = " $ "). On the other hand, it is quite certain that the

sex of these birds cannot have been ascertained by dissection, but was more

probably conjectured from their external appearance, since No. 1 agrees in small

size with sexed females of M. cephalotes (males having the wing from 91 to

95 mm.), while No. 2, M. pelzelni ferocior, is most certainly a male !

Tyrannus atriceps Lafr. & Orb.

Tyrannus atriceps Lafresnaye & Oibigny, Syn. Av. i. in : Jilag. Zool, cl. ii. p. 43 (1837 — new name

for Muscicapa aha Gtnelin ^ ; Yungas, Guarayos, rep. Boliviana).

Not mentioned in the Voyage. No specimen is to be found in the Paris

Museum that could possibly be referred to the above species. The name as

given is a pure synon3rm of M. atra = Sayornis pTioebe (Lath.), a well-known

North American bird. As this does not occur in Bolivia, Tyrannus atriceps

might well have been intended for its ally Sayornis cineracea auct. (nee Lafr,).'

' Part 2 of vol. xxxi. of the Journ. f. Ornith., although dated " April 1883," was evidently

published much later, since on p. 224 the receipt of the April issue of the Ibis for 1883, containing

the description of JV/. pelzelni, is acknowledged by the editor.

• Authentic specimens of Myiarchus (?) Jortirostris Todd (Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 26, 1913,

p. 171 : Prov. del Sara, E. Bolivia) forwarded by the author to my inspection. Comparison with the

type of M. ferocior proves them to be inseparable from that species.

■ Syst. Nat. 1, ii. p. 946 (1789— ex "Dusky Flycatcher" Pennant, Arctic Zool. ii. p. 389:

New York) ; = Sayornis phoebe (Lath.).

'= Sayornis nigricans latirostris (Cab. k Heine). See Bangs & Penard, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.

63, No. 2, June 1919, pp. 28-9.

NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXII. 1925. 21

Tyrannus tuberculifer = Myiarchus tuberculifer tuberculifer (Lafr. & Orb.),

Tyrannus htftercttH/cr Laf resnaye & d'Orbigny, Syn. Av. i. in : Mag. Zool. cl. ii. p. 13 (1837 — Guarayos.

Bolivia ; descr. orig.) ; d'Orbigny, Voy., Ois., p. 307, pi. xxxii. fig. 1 (Guarayos).

No. 1, " $ " ad. (mounted) : " No. 3737c. Myiarchus tuberculifer (d'Orb.

& Lafr.) $. Type, de Guarayo.s, Bolivie, 1834, par d'Orbigny, No. 126." —

Wing, 77 ; tail, 73 i ; bill, 17 A mm.

This bird has been dealt with in Nov. Zool. 13, 1906, pp. 323-324, where I

have shown Myiarchus gracilirostris Pelz. and M. coalei Ridgw. to be synonymous

with the species described by Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny. From Eastern Brazil

no new material has come to hand since, so I am still in doubt whether 31. tuber-

culifer tricolor Pelz. can be maintained as a distinct race as suggested in that

paper.

Tyrannus fumigatus = Myiochanes fumigatus fumigatus (Lafr. & Orb.).

Tyranmis fumigalus Lafresnaye & d'Orbigny, Syn. Av. i. in : Mag. Zool. cl. ii. p. 43 (1837 — Yungas,

Bolivia; descr. orig.); d'Orbigny, Voy., Ois., p. 307 ("a Irupana, prov. Yungas . . . un

seul ezemplaire ").

No. 1, adult (skin) : " D. 261, Bolivie. Tyrannus fumigatus Nob., par

d'Orbigny, 1834. No. 175."— Wing, 93 : tail. 78* ; bill, 16 mm.

The species is discussed at length in Nov. Zool. 20, Feb. 1913, pp. 245-246.

The well-known " Contopus ardesiacus " of authors is a northern form of this

bird, and should stand as Myiochanes fumigatus ardosiacus (Lafr.). A list of

the geographic races of the group is given I.e.

Tyrannus rufescens Lafr. & Orb. = Attila bolivianus bolivianus Lafr.'

Tyrannus rufescens Lafresnaye & d'Orbigny (ncc Swainson),- Syn. Av. i. in : Mag. Zool. cl. ii. p. 44

(1837 — Guarayos, E. Bolivia ; descr. orig.) ; d'Orbigny, Voy., Ois., p. 308 (Guarayos, Moxob,

C'hiquitos).

Nos. 1-3, adults (skin) : " D. 367. Guarayos, Bolivie, d'Orbigny 1834.

Tyrannus rufescens Nob."— Wing, 94i, 95, 98 ; tail, 80, 83, 83 ; bill, 22J, 23,

24 mm.

As I have shown elsewhere,' A. bolivianus is the species afterwards redescribed

as A. validus by Pelzeln.' The specimens in the Paris Museum which must be

considered as the types agree in every respect with Natterer's series from Matto-

grosso. A. b. bolivianus inhabits the plains of Eastern Bolivia (Guarayos),

the adjoining parts of Brazil (Villa Maria, Engenho do Gama, Villa Bella de

Mattogrosso, Chapada, Mattogrosso ; Cachoeira, on the upper Purus °), and

Eastern Peru, where Count Castelnau secured an adult male at Sarayacu, lower

Ucayali, in 1846, which is preserved in the Paris Museum. On the lower Rio

Madeira (Borba) and in Lower Amazonia (Monte Alegre, Rio Jamunda (Faro),

Para) it is replaced by the darker-coloured A. bolivianus nattereri Hellm.'

• Attila Bolivianus Lafresnaye, Rev. Zool. 11, p. 46 (1848 — nora. nov. for T. rufescens Lafr. &

d'Orb. nee Swainson).

" Quart. Journ. Sci., Lit. db Arts, 20, No. 40, p. 278 (Jan. 1826 — hab. ign.) ; = Attila epadicea

spadicea (Gm.) 1789.

» Verhaiidl. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 52, 1902, pp. 96-97 ; yov. Zool. 13, 1906, p. 330.

• Zur Ornith. Bras. ii. p. 169 (1868— 'Villa Maria [ = San Luis de Caceres] ; Villa Bella de Matto-

grosso ; Engenho do Gama, R. Guapore, Western Mattogrosso).

" Snethlage, Journ. f. Ornith. 56, 1908, p. 13 (specimen examined by me).

• Attila nattereri Hellmayr, Verhandl. Zool.-Bot. Qesells. Wien. 52, p. 95 (1902— Borba, Rio

Madeira (type) ; Pari, N. Brazil).

22 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXII. 1925.

Tyrannus rufus = Casiorais rufa rufa (Vieill.).'

Tyramiiis rufus (Vicill.) ; L. & 0., Si/n. Av. i. p. 44 (Yungas, Chiquitos).

Tyrannus tamnophiloides (nee Spix^), d'Orbigny, Voy., Ois., p. 308 (Yungas, Chiquitos).

No. 1, adult (skin) ; "171. d'Orbigny, 1834. D. 256. Yungas. Tyrannus

thamnophiloides Nob." — Wing, 88 ; tail, 86 ; bill, 16J mm.

This bird as well as an adult male from Santa Cruz de la Sierra, July 30,

1909, Jose Steinbach coll., in the Carnegie Museum, while agreeing with Brazilian

examples as far as coloration is concerned, exhibit decidedly larger dimensions.

The measurements of a large series from Goyaz, C. Brazil, are to be found in

Nov. ZooL. 15, 1908, p. 56. Topotypical Paraguay sldns which I have not seen

might possibly belong to this supposed Bolivian race. In this case, the specific

term typus ' would become available for the smaller Brazilian bird.

Tyrannus caesius = Thainnomanes caesius schistogynus Hcllm.'

Tyrannus caesius " Licht." (nee Temminck) ^ ; d'Orbigny, Voy., Ois., p. 30'J (Yuiacares,

N. Bolivia ; descr. (J$).

Nos. 1, 2, " (J " ad. (skins) : " No. 94. d'Orbigny, 1834. Tyrannus caesius

Nob. Male. d'Orbigny, Voyage, p. 309. Yuracares, D. 412,"— 'Wing, 70, 74 ;

tail, 63 ; bill [damaged] mm.

No. 3, " $ " ad. (skin) : " No. 170. Tyrannus caesius Nob. femeUe, par

d'Orbigny, 1834. D. 413. Yuracares."— 'Wing, 68| ; tail, 63 ; bill, 16J mm.

Besides, I have examined 5 (J{J, 4 $$ from San Mateo, Yuracares, N. Bolivia,

in the Berlepsch and Munich collections. More recently we have received 2 (J^J,

4 $$ from the Carabaya district, S.E. Peru (Rio San Gaban, 2,500 ft. ; Yahuar-

mayo, 1,200 ft.), through the brothers Watkins, which agree perfectly with the

typical Bolivian examples. As pointed out in the original description,' the

males of this species differ from T. caesius glaucus Cab. [which they resemble in

the possession of a large white interscapular blotch] merely by the much darker,

more bluish slate colour of the plumage, while the females may be recognised

at once by having the upper parts, sides of the head, throat, and chest bluish

slate, like the male, instead of olive-brown as in the other species of Thamnoinanes.

The types of Th. purusianus Snethl.,' from the Rio Purus, W. Brazil, are in

every respect identical with d'Orbigny's Bolivian examples.

About the affinities of this race my remarks in another paper {Arch. f. Natuig.

85, A. Heft 10, 1920, pp. 95-96) should be consulted.

' Thaynnophilus rufus Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. <VHist. Nat., nouv. 6d. iii. p. 316 (1816 — ex Azara ;

" Batara roxo " [No. 218 ; 6dit. Sonnini, No. 217] ; Paraguay).

' Muscicapa thamnophiloides Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 19, pi. xxvi. fig. 1 (1825 — " in loeis

sylvaticis fl. Amazonum ").

* Casiornis typus (Bonaparte MS.) Des Murs in; Castelnau, Exptd. Amer. Sud., Ois. p. 55,

pi. xviii. fig. 1 (1856 — Goyaz).

' Rev. Franf. d'Orn. ii. No. 22, p. 25 (Feb. 1911 — San Mateo, Yuracaris, N. Bolivia : descr.

orig. (J?).

' Muscicapa caesia Temminck, PL col., livr. iii. pi. xvii. fig. 1 ((J), 2 ($) (Oct. 1820 — S.E. Brazil ;

of. Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. 12, 1905, p. 285).

« Ornith. Monalaber. 22, p. 40 (1914 — Ponto Alegre, Rio Puriis, W. BrazU).

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXII. 1925. 23

Tyrannus savana = Muscivora tyrannus (Linn.).^

Tyrannus Savana Vieill.= ; L. & 0., Syn. Av. i. p. 44 (Montevideo, Maldonado, Corrientes, Patagonia,

Moxos, Chiquitos).

Tyrannus tyranrms (haXh.) ; d'Orb., Voy., p. 310 (Corrientes, Entrerios, Buenos Ayres, Montevideo,

Rio Negro (au 41" degre lat. sud), Santa Cruz, Chiquitos, Moxos).

No. 1, " (J " ad. (skin) : " Envoi de M. d'Orbigny. Tyrannus tyrannus

Nob., de Montevideo, 9""= 1826. Male. Passereaux No. 18."

No. 2, adult (skin) : " de Maldonado, No. 18 Pass. Envoi de M. dOrbigny,

13 9"" 1827. T. tyrannus Nob."

Tyrannus melancholicus melancholicus Vieill.

Tyrannus melancholicus Vieill.' ; L. & 0., Syn. Av. i. p. 44 (Corrientes, Arg. ; Guarayos, Santa Cruz,

Yungas, Bolivia) ; d'Orb., p. 3U (embouchure de La Plata, Montevideo, prov. Buenos Ayres,

Corrientes, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Chiquitos, Moxos).

No. 1, adult (skin) : " d'Orbigny, juillet 1829. No. 107. T. melancholicus

Vieill., Corrientes."

No. 2. Skin : " D. 445. Santa Cruz, par d'Orbigny, 1834."

No. 3. Skin: " D. 445. d'Orbigny, 1834. de Yungas, Boli vie."

No. 4. Skin: " D. 445. de Guarayos, No. 119, par d'Orbigny, 1834."

The Bolivian birds appear to be indistinguishable from the Corrientes speci-

men and others secured in Paraguay.

Tyrannus rufiventris Lafr. & Orb. = Orodynastes striaticollis striaticollis (Scl.).'

Tyrannus rufiventris (neo Vieillot)^; Lafrcsnaye & d'Orbigny, Syn. Av. i. in: Maij. Zool. cl. ii.

p. 45 (1837 — Yungas, Boli«a ; descr. orig.) ; d'Orbigny, Voy., Ois., p. 312, pi. xxxii. fig. 2

(Yungas, pres du rio de Meguella, a Test des Cordillercs de La Paz).

No. 1, ((J) ad. (skin) : " Tyrannus rufiventris, Nob. No. 123, par d'Orbigny,

1834. D. 226. d'Yungas."— Wing, 135 ; tail, 97 ; bill, 22 mm.

Not appreciably different from Peruvian and Ecuadorian examples, but

a series of fresh skins should be compared, in order to make sure of the identity

of the Bolivian bird.

Birds from N.W. Argentine (Salta, Tucuman) are fairly differentiated by

reason of their smaller bill and paler under-parts. They have to stand as

0. striaticollis pallidus (Berl.).'

The genus Orodynastes is exceedingly distinct from Myiotheretes Reichb.

Tyrannus aurantio-atro-cristatus = Empidonomus aurantio-atro-cristatus (Lafr.

& Orb.).

Tyrannus aurantio-atro-crislatus Lafresnaye & d'Orbigny, Syn. Av. i. in : Mag. Zool. cl. ii. p. 45 (1837

—Valle Grande, Bolivia ; descr. orig.) ; d'Orbigny, Foy., Ois., p. 312 (Corrientes, Arg. ; Valle

Grande, Bolivia).

1 Muscicapa lyranniis Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. 12, i. p. 325 (1766 — ex Brisson : "Canada"

[errorel] et Cayenne ").

' Hist. Nat. Ois. Amir. sept. i. p. 72, pi. xliii (" 1807 " — Cayenne, Montevideo, etc.).

' Noiw. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., nouv. ed., 35, p. 84 (1819 — ex Azara No. 198 : Paraguay).

' Teenioptera striaticollis Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Land. 19, " 1851," p. 193, pi. xlii. (June 1853

— " in republics Equatoriana ").

> Tabl. enc. meth., Ornith. ii. livr. 93, p. 856 (1823 — ex Azara No. 205 : " dans les campagnes

nues de Montevideo ").

» Myiotheretes striaticollis pallidus Berlepscli, Bull. B.O.C. 16, p. 98 (1906— Norco, Tucuman).

24 NOVTTATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXII. 1925.

Nos. 1, 2 (cJcJ) ad. (skin) ; " D. 306. Tyrannus aurantio-atro-crisiatus Nob.

Type, par d'Orbigny, 1834. No. 130. de Valle Grande, Bolivie."— Wing,

101, 102 ; tail. 86, 87 ; bill, 14i, 15 mm.

These are adult males with the three outer primaries strongly attenuated and

pointed at the tip. Birds from Argentine (Tucuman, Santa Fe) agree well with

the Bolivian ones. A male (immatiire ?) from Fazenda de Thomas da Saga,

Rio Tocantins, prov. Goyaz, procured by Count Castelnau in September 1844,

is smaller (wing 90, tail 76 mm.) and has much paler (ashy instead of sooty grey)

under-parts. Having seen but that single specimen, I cannot say whether these

differences are racial or due to age.

Tyrannus animosus = Tyrannus tyrannus (Linn.).'

Tymnnus animosus (Licht.) - ; L. & 0., Syn. Av. i. p. 45 (Santa Cruz, Bolivia ; desci-. juv.).

Tyrannus intrepidus Vicill. ^ ; d'Orbigny, Voy., p. 313 (Santa-Cruz-de-la-Sierra, en hiver).

No. 1, adult (skin) : " No. 127. d'Orbigny, 1834. T. intrepidus Vieill.,

Sta. Cruz."

Nos. 2, 3, juv. (skin) : " No. 127. d'Orbigny, 1834. T. intrepidus Vieill.

D. 318, Santa Cruz."

The first-named example is an adult with yellow vertical spot, the two others

young birds with the middle of crown duU greyish brown.

The Kingbird breeds in the United States, and visits South America in

winter. Santa Cruz de la Sierra and Caiza ' in Bolivia are, as far as I know, the

most southerly winter-record for the species.

Hirundinea bellicosa = H. bellicosa pallidior Hart. & Goods.'

Hirundinea hdlicosa (nee Vieill.) « ; L. c& O., Syn. Av. i. p. 46 (Cocbabamba, Cliiquitos, Cliuquisaca) ;

d'Orb., Voy., p. 314 (Cochabamba, Chuquisaca, Challuani ; mission Santiago (Cliiquitos)).

No. 1, adult (skin) : " No. 172, par d'Orbigny, 1834. Hirundinea bellicosa

Nob. D. 294. Chiquitos."

No. 2, imni. (skin) : " No. 172, par d'Orbigny, 1834, D. 293, de Cochabamba."

No. 3, adult (skin) : " No. 172, par d'Orbigny, 1834, de Chuquisaca, D. 293.

Hirundinea bellicosa Nob."

Besides, I have examined six other Bolivian examples in the Berlepsch

Collection, viz. two ^s, one $ from Chicani, one $ from S. Antonio, Yungas of

La Paz, and a couple taken at Samaipata, prov. Santa Cruz. The series agree

with two skins secured by E. W. White in Catamarca, W. Argentine, and should

no doubt be referred to H. bellicosa pallidior Hart. & Goods. Compared with

numerous specimens from Paraguay and Brazil (Bahia, Minas Geraes, S. Paulo,

Rio Grande do Sul) the western birds differ in their lighter earthy-brown upper-

parts, much wider ciimamon- rufous edges to the wing coverts, and shorter

' Lanius tyrannus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. 10, i. p. 94 (1758 — ex Catesby j Carolina).

• Muscicapa animoaa Lichtenstein, Verz. Sdugeth. & Vogel Berliner Mtis. p. 18 (1818 — ex Lanius

carolinensis Gmeliii, Syst. Nat. 1, i. 1788, p. 302 ; ex Bufion et Catesby : Carolina).

3 Tyrannus intrepidus Vieillot, Tabl. enc. meth., Ornitli. ii, livr. 93, p. 849 (1823— ex Catesby

et Buffon ; Carolina).

' Tyrannus pipiri Salvadori, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 12, No. 292, 1897, p. 16.

' Nov. Zool. 24, No. 2, p. 411 (1917— Salta, N.W. Argentine).

• Tyrannus bellicosus Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., nouv. id., 35, p. 74 (1819— ex Azara,

No. 189 : Paraguay).

NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXII. 1925. 26

blackish tips to the rectrices. I do not find, however, the under surface to be

paler or the dusky portion of wings and tail " less blackish " than in U. b. bellicosa.

The birds from E. Bolivia are perfectly similar to the Argentine ones, showing

no approach to H. b. bellicosa.

H. b. pallidior replaces the typical race in the mountainous parts of western

South America, ranging from La Rioja and Catamarca to N. Bolivia.

Todirostrum cinereum = Todirostrum cinereum coloreum Ridgw.'

Todirostrum cinereum (nee Linnaeus) - ; L. & 0., Syn. Av. i. p. 46 (Mojos, Bolivia) ; d'Orb., Voy.,

p. 315 (Concepcion de Moxos).

No. 1, adult (skin) : " D. 439. Mojos, Bolivia. Todirostrum cinereum Nob.,

d'Orbigny, 1834. No. 179."— Wing, 47 ; tail, 37 ; bill, 14 mm.

This bird agrees with one of our specimens from Western Minas (Agua

Suja near Bagagem) in having the slaty grey back washed with greenish. Other

examples from Agua Suja, like an adult female from Goyaz and a couple from

Corumba (the type locality of coloreum), are even brighter above, the back being

nearly uniform hght olivaceous green and contrasting with the dark slaty pileum.

At all events, the Mojos bird must be referred to T. c. coloreum if this race is

separable. Cf. Hellmayr, Abhandl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss., math.-naturwiss. Kl.,

xxvi. No. 2, 1912, p. 130.

The range of T. c. coloreum appears to be restricted to the dry campos-districts

in the interior of Brazil, extending from S.W. Minas (Bagagem), northern Sao

Paulo (Rio Parana), and Goyaz west to Mattogrosso (Chapada, Cuyabi'i, Corumba,

Cai9ara, S. Vicente), and the adjoining Mojos district of Bolivia.

Todirostrum gulare / <? = Euscarthmus ffularis viridiceps Salvad.'

( ? = Todirostrum latuostre (Pelz.).'

Todirostrum gulare (nee Temminck) ° ; L. & 0., Syn. Av. i. p. 46 (Yungas, Chiquitos ; descr. $ =

T. latirostre (Pelz.)) ; d'Orbigny, Voy., p. 315 (Cireuata, prov. Yungas ; Santo-Coraz6n-de-

Chiquitos; descr. " <J$").

Nos. 1, 2, adult (skin): "No. 178. d'Orbigny, 1834. — Todirostrum gulare

Nob. Male, d'Yungas. D. 269."— Wing, 45, 45J ; tail, 36, 38 ; bill, 13 mm. =

Euscarthmus gularis viridiceps Salvad.

No. 3, adult (skin) : " 158. d'Orbigny, 1834. Todirostrum gulare Nob,

femelle, de Chiquitos. D. 440." — Wing, 43 ; tail, 31 : bill, 14 mm. = Todirostrum

latirostre (Pelz.).

Under the heading of Todirostrum gulare two distinct species were confused

by Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny.

The alleged male with slaty pileum represents the western form of E. gularis,

whose correct name is E. g. viridiceps, as we shall show presently, wliile the

" female " turns out to belong to T. latirostre.

In addition to Nos. 1 and 2, I have examined two more Bolivian examples

in Count Berlepsch's Collection, viz. an adult male taken by Kahnowski at Chulu-

' Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 19, p. 116 (1906 — Corumba, Mattogrosso).

' Todus cinereus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 12, i. p. 178 (1766 — ex Edwards : Surinam).

' Euscarthmus viridiceps Salvador!, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 12, No. 292, p. 12 (1897 — San

Lorenzo, Jujuy, N.W. Argentine ; descr. juv.).

* Euscarthmus latirostris Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. ii. p. 173 (1868 — Borba, Rio Madeira).

' Muscicapa gulare (Natterer MS.) Temminck, Rec. PI. col., livr. 28, pi. 167, fig. 1 (1822—

" Br^sil," coll. Natterer, so. Sao Paulo, S.E. Brazil ; cf. Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. p. 102).

26 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXII. 1925.

mani, and an immature male from Coroico, secured by G. Garlepp ; three males,

two females from Ledesma, prov. Jujuy, N.W. Argentine, L. Dinelli coll., in the

Tring and Munich Museums ; and the type of E. viridiceps iSalvad.. likewise from

Jujuy (San Lorenzo), kindly lent by its describer from the Turin Museum. The

type, as manifested by the fluffy texture of the plumage, is an immature bird,

and most of the difierences supposed to separate it from the Brazilian E. gidaris

are evidently due to age. The very satisfactory series from near the type locality '

shows that adult birds from N,W. Argentine have the pileum slate grey and the

whole bill black, exactly like those from Brazil. They may, however, be dis-

tinguished from the latter by the deeper rufous sides of the head, broader wing-

bands, more greyish chest, and more yellowish-green flanks. In most of the

western skins, the dusky auricular patch is smaller or even wanting. The

Bolivian birds have, as a rule, the chest slightly more shaded with greyish than

those from Jujuy, though this is not quite constant.

The range of the two races is as follows :

(a) E. gularis gularis (Temm,), Wood-region of Eastern Brazil (from

Pernambuco to Rio Grande do Sul), Paraguay, and N,E, Argentine (Misiones ;

Corrientes [S, Tome, White coll,]).=

(6) E. gularis viridiceps Salvad. N.W. Argentine, Jujuy (San Lorenzo,

Ledesma) ; Western Bolivia (Circuata, Simacu, Coroico, Songo, Chulumani).'

The " female " of T. gulare. with " pileo brunnescenti, non plumbeo. gutture

albicante, non rufo, aUsque tectricibus minoribus aurantio-rufis, non viridibis,"

from Chiquitos, is in every respect a typical example of Todirostrum latirostre

(Pelz,). It agrees well with the type and other specimens from Mattogrosso

(Chapada) and Eastern Ecuador (Sarayaju). About the affinities of this species

cf. my remarks in Verhandl. Zool. Bot. Gesell. Wien, 53, 1903, p. 205.

Todirostrum margaritaceiventer = Euscarthmus m. margaritaceiventer (Lafr. &

Orb.).

Todirostrum margarilaceiventer Lafresnaye & d'Orbigny, Syn. Av. i. in : Mag. Zool. cl. ii. p. 46 (1837 —

Chiquitos, Bolivia ; descr. orig.) ; d'Orbigny, Voy., Ois., p. 316, pi. xxxiii. iig. 3 (Corrientes,

Arg. ; Santo-Coraz6n-de-Chiquitos, Bolivia).

No. 1, adult (skin) : " No. 161, par d'Orbigny, 1834. de Chiquitos, Todi-

rostrum margaritaceiventer Nob. type." — Wing, 51 ; tail, 45 ; bill, 13 mm.

Geographic variation and synonymy of this little Tyrant were discussed at

length by Berlepsch and Hellmayr in Journ. f. Ornith. 53, 1905, pp, 9-11, so I

need not dwell further on this subject.

Birds from Corrientes (also mentioned by d'Orbigny) I have not seen, but

several from Santa Fe (Moeovi, Ocampo) agree perfectly with the Bolivian ones.

' San Lorenzo and Ledesma, places in the eastern part of Jujuy, lie close together, not far from

the boundary of the Dept. Oran.

' Two adult males from Sao Paulo, S.E. Brazil .

One adult female from Espirito Santo, S.E. Brazil

One adult female from Sao Paulo, S.E. Brazil .

One adult male from Misiones, Argentine

' Three adult males from Jujuy, N.W. Argentine

Three adult females from Jujuy, N.W. Argentine

Three adult males from Western Bolivia .

NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXII. 1925. 27

Todirostrum ecaudatum = Orchilus ecaudatus (Lafr. & Orb.).

Todirosirum ecaudatum Lafresnaye & d'Orbigny, Syn. Av. i. in : Mag. Zool, cl. ii. p. 47 (1837 —

Yuracares (Bolivia) ; descr. orig.) ; d'Orbigny, Voy., Ois., p. 316, pi. xxxiii. fig. 1 (Yuracarfo).

No. 1, adult (skin) : " No. 180. Todirostrum ecmulntiim Nob. Type, par

d'Orbigny, 1834, d'Yuracares, D. 423."— Wing, 34 ; tail, 15 ; bill, 10 mm.

This tiny Flycatcher is widely diffused in South America, ranging from

Trinidad and the Venezuelan north coast, all over Amazonia south to N. Bolivia.

After comparing some thirty examples from various localities, I am unable to

detect any differences connected with particular geographic areas.

Muscipeta cayennensis = Myiozetetes cayanensis cayanensis (Linn.).

Muscipein cayennensis " Gm." ' ; L. & O., Syn. Av. i. p. 47 (Mojos, rep. Bolivia) ; d'Orbigny, Voy.

p. 317 (Rio Blanco ct Rio Itonaraa, prov. Moxos, Bolivia).

No. 1, adult (without original label), from " Bolivie, par d'Orbigny, 1834."

This bird, as well as two females from western Mattogrosso (Rio Guapore),

agree well with Cayenne skins, Cf. Nov. Zool. 15, 1908, pp. 48-49.

Muscipeta regia = Onychorhynchus coronatus (P. L. S. Miill.).'

Miiscipela regia (Gm.) ' ; d'Orbigny, Voyage, Ois., p. 317 (Yuracar^a).

No longer in the Paris Museum, nor otherwise recorded from Bolivia. It

will, however, be remembered that the tj'pes of Onychorhynchus castdnaid Deville '

were secured in the neighbouring Republic near the Mission of Sarayagu, Pampa

del Sacramento. Peruvian examples apparently do not differ from the typical

Guianan bird. Cf. Nov. Zool, 14, 1907. pp. 356-357.

Muscipeta albicollis =Legatus leucophaius leucophaius (Vieill.).'

Muscipeta albicollis (Vieill.) « ; L. & 0., Syn. Av. i. p. 47 (Guarayoe, Bolivia) ; d'Orb., Voy. p. 318

(riviere San-Miguel, prov. Guarayoe).

Nos. 1, 2 (skins) : " D. 387. Guarayos. Muscipeta albicollis Nob. No. 107.

par d'Orbigny, 1834."

Bolivian specimens agree well with others from Paraguay and Brazil.

Muscipeta coronata = Pyrocephalus rubinus (Bodd.).'

Muscicapa coronata Gm.' ; L. & 0.,Syn. Av. i. p. 47 (Maldonado, Buenos Ayres, Corrientee, Arg. ;

Chiquitos, Moxos, Bolivia ; Arica, Lima, W. Peru).

Suiriri coronata. d'Orbigny, Voy., Ois., p. 336 (Maldonado, Montevideo, Buenos Ayres, Corrientf e,

Chiquitos (Bolivia) ; Tacna, Arica, N.W. Chili ; Lima, W. Peru).

I could not find a single specimen of this species among d'Orbigny's collec-

tions in the Paris Museum, all having being given away or exchanged as duplicates.

I hope to discuss the geographic variation of the Ruby-coloured Flycatcher on

an early occasion.

' Muscicapa cayanensis Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. 12, i. p. 327 (1766 — ex Brisson : Cayenne).

= Muscicapa coronata P. L. S. MuUer, Natursyst., Suppl., p. 168 (1776 — ex Daubenton, PL enl.

289 : Cayenne).

' Todus regiua Gmelin, Syst. Nat. 1, i. p. 445 (1788 — based on the same).

' Rev. Mag. Zool. (2) i. 1849, p. 56.

' Platyrhynchos leucophaius 'Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hiat. Nat., nouv. 6d., 27, p. 11 (1818 —

" I'Am^rique mSridionale " ; cf. Pucheran, Arch. Mus. Paris, 7, 1855, p. 358 ; typo locnlity,

Cayenne).

' Tyranmis albicollis Vieillot, I.e., 36, p. 89 (1819— ex Azara No. 186 : Paraguay).

■ Muscicapa rubinus Boddaert., Tabl. PI. enl. p. 42 (1783 — ex Buffon : " Pays des Amazones ").

» Muscicapa coronata (nee Miiller, 1776) Gmelin, Syst. Nat. 1, ii. p. 932 (1789— ex Daubenton,

PI. enl. 675, fig. 2 (not fig. 1) et Buffon : " Pays des Amazones ").

28 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXII. 1925.

Muscipeta querula = Empidonax sp.

Muscipeta querula (errore), L. & 0., iStjn. Av. i. p. 47 (Santo-C'oraz6n, Chiquitoe, E. Bolivia),

Muscipeta acadica (errore), d'Orbigny, Toy., Ois., p. 318 (Santo-Coraz6n-de Chiquitoe. K. Bolivia).

Unfortunately, this example is no longer to be found in the collection of

the Paris Museum. It cannot possibly have belonged to Muscicapj, querula

Wilson,' which is the same as Empidonax virescens (Vieill ) = ( = Empidonax

acadicus auct.'), a well-known North American species not likely to wander as

far south as Eastern Bolivia.' D'Orbigny's description in the Voyage suggests

some olive-backed species like E. laurencei Allen, which was secured on the Rio

Madeira by Natterer and Hoffmanns,' or E. bolivianiis Allen,' discovered by

Rusby in (?) N. Bolivia. Without actual examination of the specimen the

question will always remain doubtful.

Muscipeta albiceps =Elaenia albiceps albiceps (Lafr. & Orb.).

Muscipeta albiceps Lafrcsnaye & d'Orbigny, Syn. Av. i. in : Mag. Zool. cl. ii. p. 47 (1837—" Rio

de Janeiro, imp. Brasil.," Yungas, rep. Boliviana ct Tacna, rep. Peruviana ; descr. orig.) ;

d'Orbigny, Voy., Ois., p. 319 (" nous I'avons observee k Rio de Janeiro "; a Tacna, au P^rou,

dans la province de Yungas, Bolivie).

Nos. 1, 2, adults (skin) : " D. 242. d'Orbigny, 1834. No. 134. Muscipeta

albiceps Nob. Yungas."— Wing, 74, 82 ; tail, 68, 69 ; bill, lU, 12 mm.

No. 3, adult (skin) : " D. 242. d'Orbigny, 1834. No. 134. Muscipeta

albiceps Nob."— Wing, 73 ; tail, 64 ; bill, 11 mm.

No. 4, juv. (skin) : " d'Orbigny, Janvier 1831, de Tacna, No. 186 de d'Orbigny.

Muscipeta albiceps Nob."— Wing, 81 ; tail, 67 ; bill [damaged] mm.

These specimens have been most carefuUy compared with a large series

from the West Bolivian Yungas (Omeja, Chaco), Chili (La Concepcion), Western

Argentine (Catamarca, Cordoba, Neuquen, Tierra del Fuego), and Brazil (Chapada,

Mattogrosso ; Bahia), as well as with a good number of Peruvian skins {E. albiceps

modesta Tsch,').

Nos. 1 and 2, from Yungas, correspond exactly to the original description,

having the under-parts " sordide albescens gutture pectoreque cinerascentibus,"

and two distinct whitish bands, formed by the tips of the median and greater

wing coverts, across the wing. No. 3 agrees in every respect, and is no doubt

from the same locality.

No. 4, from Tacna, N.W. Chilian coast, is an immature bird in partly fluffy

plumage, with whitish tips to the rectrices, dull greyish buff wing-bands, etc.

We feel, therefore, justified in regarding Nos. 1 and 2 as the types, and in

designating Yungas, Bolivia, as the type locality of M. albiceps Lafr. & Orb.

' Muecicapa querula Wilson (nee Vieillot 1807), Amer. Ornith. ii. p. 77, pi. xiii. fig. 3 (1810—

Eastern United States).

' Platyrhynchos virescetis Vieillot, Nonv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., nouv. ^d., 27, p. 22 (1818 — new name

based on Muscicapa querula Wilson nee Vieillot 1807).

' I ngree with Ridgway and other American authors that Pennant's " Lesser Crested Flycatcher "

{Arct. Zool. ii. p. 386), upon which Muscicapa acadica Gmelin (Syst. Nat. 1, ii. 1780, p. 947) was

established, is quite unidentifiable.

' The most southerly winter record is Chimbo, S.W. Ecuador.

' Cf. Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. 17, 1910, p. 300.

" Bull. Amer. Mus. N. Hist. ii. p. 86 (1889 — Bolivia (Yungas ?)).

' Elaenia modesta Tschudi, Arch. J. Naturg. 10, i. p. 274 (1844 — coast region of Peru ; cf. Faun.

Peru., Aves, p. 160).

NOVITATES ZOOLOQICAE XXXII. 1925. 29

Adult birds from Omeja and Chaco, Bolivian Yungas, in Count Berlepach's

collection are perfectly identical with those obtained by d'Orbigny. An adult

male from Chapada (Mattogrosso), a Bahia skin, and twelve adults from Western

and Southern Argentine (Fuerte de Andalgala, Catamarca ; Cosquin, Cordoba ;

Lago Nahuel Huapi, Terr. Neuquen ; Valle del Lago Blanco, Chubut ; Ushueia,

Tierra del Fuego), while agreeing in coloration with the BoUvian birds, have

decidedly narrower, slenderer biUs. Eight specimens from ChiU (mostly from

La Concepcion) difter from all the preceding ones by their fuUer crest with more

white in the middle, and by having the pileum of a lighter brown colour, which

does not form so distinct a dusky cap as in the BoUvian and Argentine birds.

In view of the great variability exhibited by members of this genus much larger

series are required before any .serious attempt at discriminating local races can

be made. I concur, however, with Count Berlepsch ' in recognising E. a. niodesta

as a fairly well-marked race, though I should assign it rather different limits.

On the other hand, Elaenia parvirostris Pelz.^ is quite a distinct species, as shown

by the late Count Berlepsch.'

From Rio de Janeiro, which is also mentioned among the localities of

Muscipeta albiceps, the Paris Museum contains no specimen, and it is not clear

from d'Orbigny's account ("nous I'avons observee a Rio de Janeiro") whether

he actually got any there. The birds observed in the Brazilian capital must, of

course, have belonged to some other species, probably Elaenia f. flavogaster

(Thunb.), which is very common throughout Eastern Brazil.

Muscipeta obscura = Elaenia obscura obscura (Lafr. & Orb.).

Muscipeta ohscura Lafresnaye & d'Orbigny, .5yn. Av. i. in: Mag. Zool. cl. ii. p. 48 (1837. — Yungas,

Bolivia ; descr. orig.).

Muscipeta Guillemini * d'Orbigny, Voy., Ois., p. 319 (prov. Yungas).

Nos. 1, 2, adults (skin) : " No. 135. Muscipeta ohscura Nob., de Yungas,

par d'Orbigny, 1834. D. 216."— Wing, 84, 85 ; tail, 78, 83 ; bill, 13 mm.

Several additional specimens from Bolivia (Chaco, Tanampaya, Omeja) I

have examined in the collections of Count Berlepsch and in the Vienna Museum.

Birds from Tucuman, N.W. Argentine, in the Munich Museum are in every way

similar. In northern Peru (Callacate, Tambillo) the typical form is replaced by

a smaller race of somewhat brighter coloration, E. ohscura stohmanni Ridgw.'

Muscipeta bimaculata = Empidochanes fuscatus bimaculatus (Lafr. & Orb.).

Muscipeta bimaculata Lafresnaye & d'Orbigny, Syn. Av. i. in : Hag. Zool. cl. ii. p. 48 (1837 — Yungas,

rep. Boliviana ; descr. orig.) ; d'Orbigny, Foy., Ois., p. 320 (Yungas).

No. I, adult (skin) : " D. 300, par d'Orbigny, 1834. Muscipeta bimaculata

Nob., de Yungas." — ^Wing, 67 ; tail, 66 ; bill [damaged] mm.

• Omia, 14, 1907, p. 405.

> Zur Ornith. Bras. ii. pp. 107, 178 (1868— type from Curytiba, state Parand, S.E. Brazil, in

Vienna Museum examined).

' Ornis, 14, 1907, pp. 412-414.

• M. guillemini is proposed as a substitute of Muscipeta obscura Lafr. & Orb., erroneously

considered to be invalidated by Muscicapa obscura Vieillot (No"!'. Diet. d'Hist. Nat; nouv. ^d., 21,

1818, p. 451 : Cayenne). i' "=

» Elaenia Jrantzii stohmanni Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 19, p. IIC (Sept. 1906— Tambillo.

N. Peru ; J. Stolzmann).— E. obscura tambillana Berlepsch, Ornis, 14, p. 419 (Feb. 1907— Tambillo,

N. Peru ; J. Stolzmann).

30 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXII. 1925.

As Berlepsch and Hellmayr ' have pointed out, Muscipeta bimaculata is

by no means referable to the small Empidonax euleri (Cab.), of S.E. Brazil,

with which the late P. L. Sclater - had erroneously identified it, but belongs to

the pale race of Empidochanes fuscatus (Wied), found in the interior provinces

of Brazil and Eastern Bolivia.'

The tj'pe, an adult bird in fresh plumage, agrees in every detail with speci-

mens from Mattogrosso (Chapada, Cuyaba), Goyaz, and the Brazilian stretches

of the Rio Parana. Lately I have had an opportunity of inspecting a second

Bohvian example belonging to the Carnegie Museum. It is a j'oung female

and was secured by Jose Steinbach on January 7, 1909, at Puerto Suarez,

E. BoUvia.

E. fuscatus bimaculatus (Lafr. & Orb.) inhabits the campos of Brazil, ranging

from S.W. Minas (Bagagem), Goyaz (Rio Araguaya, R. Thesouras, Goyaz citj'),

northern Sao Paulo (Parana, Barretos, Rio Grande, Rio Paranapanema ; S.

JeronjTUO and Itapura, R. Tiet^), and Paraguay (Sapucay) west to Mattogrosso

and Eastern Bolivia, north along the Madeira and Tapajoz Rivers to the south

bank of the Amazons. Cf. also Nov. ZooL. 15, 1908, pp. 52-53 ; I.e. 17, 1910,

p. 301.'

Muscipeta armillata =Myadestes ralloides ralloides (d'Orb.).

Muscipeta armillata (nee Vieillot, 1807 ^), L. & 0., Syn. Av. i. p. 48 {Yungas, Bolivia).

Muscipeta ralloides d'Orbigny, Voy., Ois., p. 322 (betw. 1838 and 184:7 — " Chulumani, prov. de

Yungas, k Test dcs Cordilleres oriontalcs de la Bclivie, au 17' degre lat. m&id." ; deter, orig.).

I have not succeeded in detecting the type of M. ralloides in the Paris

Museum, where it was examined man}' 3'ears ago by Sclater and Salvin ° ; but

there are specimens from near the type locaUty in the Munich Museum and

Berlepsch Collection which agree with others from Sto. Domingo, Marcapata,

S.E. Peru, and Cumpang, Dept. Libertad, N. Peru. Birds from the Venezuelan

mountains (Cumbre de Valencia ; Cerro del Avila ; Ande.s of Merida) and E.

Colombia (Bogota) are much more rufous above, and constitute an easOy separable

race, entitled to the name M. ralloides venezuclensis Scl.,' while another alUed

form, M. r. plumbeiceps Helhn., dwells in tlie Andes of W. Colombia. The status

of the birds of Ecuador is yet doubtful, although they certainly are not referable

to M. r. ralloides.

1 Journ.f. Ornith. 53, 1905, pp. 21-22, footnote.

= Ibis, 1887, p. 68.

' In spite of nil that has been written by us on the subject, Chubb (Ibis, 1910, p. 591) still uses

the specific name bijtiaculatus in the wrong sense as sanctified by the Cat. of Birds I

* Ihering & Ihering {Cat. Faun. Braz. i. 1907, p. 291) call this form " E. fuscatus brunneui^

(Thunb.)," which is, of course, inadmissible. Pipra brunnea Thunb. 1822 equals Empidonax

bimaculatus Scl. (nee Lafr. & Orb.) = Empidonax euleri (Cab.), which belongs to quite another

genus ! Cf. Lonnberg, Ibis, 1903, p. 242.

^ Muscicapa armillata Vieillot, Hist. Nat. Ois. Amrr. sept., ii. p. 69, pi. xlii (" 1807 " — -" Antilles ").

« See Exotic Ornithology, 1867, p. 53.

' Myiadestes venezuclensis Sclater, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (2), xvii. p. 468 (1856 — *' in vicin.

urbis Caraccas, in Venezuela," coll. Levraud, Paris Museum).

{To be continued.)

NOVITATES ZOOLOQICAE XXXII. 1925. 31

GEOMETRID DESCRIPTIONS AND NOTES.

By LOUIS B. PROUT, F.E.S.

SuBFAM. OENOCHROMINAE.

1. Eumelea fumicosta antipnoa .subsp. n.

(J, 45-48 mm. Smaller than/, fumicosta Warr. (1896) from the Solomons,

New Ireland, New Britain and New Hanover, less sufftised with purple, notably

in the subterminal area, where there is only a narrow, inconspicuous shade

adjacent to the postmedian yellow spots ; median line traceable, gently curved ;

the yellow apical spot of forewing less clear (more irrorated). Underside also

distinguished by the developed median line.

9, 50-53 mm. Smaller than /. fumicosta, rather lighter yellow, less coarsely

irrorated ; median shade strengthened, showing slight outward teeth on the

veins ; subterminal shade thin and weak except on R-, where it forms a con-

spicuous spot or large dot. Underside with considerably less purple clouding

than in /. fumicosta.

St. Matthias Island, June-July 1923, 4 ,$^, 4 ?$, including the type.

Squally Island, August 1923, 2 cjcj, 2 $?. All in Tring Museum, collected by

A. F. Eichhorn.

The $ upperside is remarkably like an undersized unipuncta Warr. (1896),

which — in spite of the great divergence in the (J (J — seems to reTpvesent fumigrisea

in New Guinea and the D'Entrecasteaux Islands.

2. Eumelea ludovicata rhodeogyna subsp. n.

$. All the irroration, clouding and maculation strong, coloured rosy-purple

(as in the J forms), the sexual dimorphism consequently very much less pro-

nounced than in the other races ; the characteristic costal dots and spots of

forewing remaining unaltered (blackish).

(J. Intermediate between name-typical (^^ and the uniform reddish

subsp. rubra Prout of New Guinea, perhaps nearer to the latter.

New Ireland, November-December 1923, both sexes, including the 9 holo-

type. New Hanover, February 1923, 3 ,S<5, 1 ?■ All in coll. TVing Mus. (A. F.

Eichhorn).

3. Alex longipecten amaura subsp. n.

More reddish than I. longipecten Warr. (1905), from the Solomons, and much

more strongly irrorated with purple-grey, the resultant tone nearly as in con-

tinuaria Walk, or even darker ; only the costal area of the hindwing remaining

(as in the aUies) clear yellow.

New Ireland, November-December 1923, type and three paratypes ; New

Hanover, March 1923, 1 $. All in coll. Tring Mus., collected by A. F. Eichhorn.

One ab. shows remnants of the ochreous colour in the median area (only)

of the forewing.

32 NOVITATES ZOOLOOIOAE XXXII. 1925.

4. Ozola macariata despica subsp. n.

(J?, 26-28 mm. Paler and less rufescent than m. macariata Walk. {List

Lep. Ins. xxvi. 1637, Ceram), the irroration paler smoke-grey or drab-grey (less

purple-grey), the lines weak, the median best developed, almost straight, the

9 without the characteristic distal cloud of m. macariata $.

St, Matthias Island. June 1923 (A. F. Eichhorn), 3 SS, 3 ?? in coll.

Tring Mus.

The same race occurs on Squally Island (3 J (J, 1 $, August 1923, A. F.

Eichhorn), though the sole $ yet known shows a faint distal cloud reminiscent

of that of m. macariata.

StfBFAM. HEMITHEINAE.

5. Terpna molleri (Warr.).

Dindica molleri Warr., Proc. Zool. Soc. Land. 1893, p. 349.

Warren's description was evidently founded on a mixture of two species

which also remained mixed in Hampson (Faun. Ind. Moths, in. 477, No. 4017).

One specimen of each bears a label " Dindica molleri " in Warren's handwriting,

and no type was selected. One of them represents true leopardinata Moore

(1867), which is on an average rather smaller than the other species, not quite

so dark, the postmedian not quite so distally placed, the subterminal represented

by a complete row of whitish spots (in the other species partly obsolete), accom-

panied proximally by a scarcely interrupted reddish shade, the hindwing with

the first two submarginal black spots broadly confluent, the central spot on an

average more elongate, the smoky suffusions of abdominal margin always strong

and broad, both wings beneath more mixed with white in terminal area.

Warren's mention of the submarginal whitish spots and of smoky abdominal

"half" of hindwing must have arisen from his including 4 specimens (cJJ)

of leopardinata in his series, but the name molleri should be restricted to the

majority of the series, not only because this conserves a name, but also on the

ground of the following: (1) (J " $ " ; (2) "much" darker; (3) hindmargin

[i.e. termen] of hindwing " broadly blackish " [least inaccurate for some molleri] ;

(4) " 3 distinct roundish blotches," etc. [decisive].

6. Agathia obnubilata libera subsp. n.

cJ, 40 mm.

Forewing with the dark grey markings not quite so brownish as in the other

races ; the border almost as ample as in o. obnubilata Warr. (1903), but with the

green postdiscal band continuing narrowly to the hindmargin. Hindtving

nearly as in o. obnubilata except for the less brownish tone of the grey part.

Underside with the submarginal bands darker and more uniform than in

the other races.

New Hanover, April 1923 (A. F. Eichhorn). Type in coll. Tring Mus.

7. Uliocnemis elegans negligens subsp. n.

Both wings with all the white markings extremely slender, the subterminal

in particular almost obsolete. Hindwing with the apical patch slightly shortened,

scarcely crossing R'.

NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXII. 1923. 33

St. Matthias Island, June-July 1923 (A. F. Eichhorn), C (^(J in coll.

Tring Mus.

8. Dichorda porphyropis sp. n.

1^, 37 mm. Head red-purple. Palpus a little darker, at base white ; second

joint aberrant in being tufted above and beneath, partly concealing the short

third joint. Antenna pale buff, the first few joints deep purple ; pectinations

about 3. Thorax purple in front, then green, beneath white. Legs white ;

tibial tufts predominantly purple-black ; hindtibia with the spurs approximated,

a moderate terminal process.

Forewing bright green, in distal area clouded with white between SC' and

SC', and between R' and tornus ; an irregular purple patch at base, mixed

(especially in cell) with red-brown, extending along costal edge and again on

M to antemedian line, much restricted posteriorly ; antemedian line white, from

one-third costa to two-fifths hindmargin, gently incurved between costa and

cell-fold, rather more deeply between cell-fold and M, directed baseward for a

short distance behind M, then rather oblique outward ; this line finely edged

distally with red-brown from costa to the last bend ; a minute red-brown cell-

dot ; postmedian double, almost straight, .slightly more oblique than termen,

its proximal two-thirds yellow, its distal third pure white ; a small reddish mark

on costa proximaUy to this line. — , — Hindwing with termen strongly convex,

fullest about R'-R- ; M' almost as long-stalked as SC- ; concolorous with fore-

wing but with no purple or reddish markings ; ill-defined white subbasal, apical

and (large) tornal clouds ; postmedian line central, coloured as on forewing.

Underside similar but more washed out.

Argentina ; Misiones, March 23, 1922, type in coll. Tring Mus.

The palpus, the hindtibial process, the stalking of M' of hindwing and

perhaps the femora (only the hind shows appreciable hairiness, but the others

may be abraded) remove this from typical Dichorda, but the palpus, tufted fore-

tibia, fuU hindwing and the pattern bring it into this rather than into Phrudocentra

— the other nearest genus. Perhaps it should be made the type of a new genus.

9. Chrysochloroma electiica herbida subsp. n.

<^, 39-40 mm. Rather smaller than e. electrica Warr. (1896). Ground-

colour much less bluish (grass-green rather than terre-verte), the pale postmedian

line thinner, whiter ; cell-dot of hindwing less elongate ; terminal line less

thickened, this and the fringes lighter, more reddish, the fringes traversed

by a paler (sometimes nearly white) fine.

$, 40-42 mm. Quite like that of meeki malthaca Prout (Nov. Zool. xxiii.

205, St. Aignan) ; almost as light and bright as megaloptera Lower (1894, Queens-

land), to which also it bears a very close resemblance, except in the more ex-

curved postmedian line of the hindwing ; hindwing wanting the apical patch

of e. electrica $ and with only an extremely limited red suffusion round the cell-dot.

St. Matthias Island, June 1923 (A. F. Eichhorn), 4 cJc?, 2 $?, in coll.

Tring Mus.

The relation between the supposed species electrica and meeki Warr. (1896)

is at present problematical. They may easily be forms of a single species, but

the undersides are constant to the two types ; meeki is known to me from the

3

34 N0\aTATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXII. 1926.

Trobriand Islands (name-type) and in smaller forms from the Louisiades {m.

malthaca). New Hanover and Squally Island (perhaps worthy of names) ;

electrica electrica from Ron Island (name-type), the coasts of New Guinea and

perhaps Dampier Island (only 3 9? yet known from there), a transitional form

towards e. herbida from Vulcan Island.

10. Thalassodes javensis sp. n.

cJ, 38 mm. Face green. Palpus 1 J, with terminal joint short ; green above,

white beneath. Vertex white ; occiput green. Antenna! pectinations tinged

with green. Thorax and abdomen green above, white beneath. Hindtibia

not dilated.

Forewing, as in the aUies, green with fine, short, whitish strigulae and with

the costal edge narrowly buff ; antemedian line obsolescent ; postmedian weak,

indicated chief!}' by white dots on the veins, almost straight from SC at about

7 mm. from termen to SM- at about 5 mm. from termen, the hindmost dot the

strongest ; termen with some extremely minute blackish irroration, condensing

into noticeable (though extremely small) black dots at the veins ; fringe pale

buff, tipped with grey. Hinchving slightly narrower than in the qiiadrariit

group, inclining towards the shape of immissaria Walk., etc. ; postmedian

line punctiform, as weak as on forewing ; termen and fringe as on forewing.

Underside wliitish green.

W. Java : Buitenzorg, type in coll. Tring Mus., 1 paratype, 800 ft., at

light, April 17, 1923 (H. M. Pendlebury), in coll. Fed. Malay States Mus.

" Java " (C. W. Andrews), paratype in coll. Brit. Mus.

I detected the British Museum example among immissaria (from which it

differs structurally in the non-dilated hindtibia) when working at Wytsman's

" Genera Insectorum," a good many years ago, but refrained from describing

it, as it had damaged palpi.

11. Thalassodes leucoceraea sp. n.

(J$, 45-47 mm. Face green. Palpus in S li with third joint moderate,

in $ slightly over 2, with third joint long ; green, beneath white. Thorax and

abdomen green above, white beneath. Hindtibia of <J not dilated.

Forewing rather dull bluish green, not very opaquely scaled, with scattered

white irroration or minute strigulation ; costal edge buff ; lines obsolete, only

a very faintly indicated deeper green (i.e. less irrorated) shade marking what —

by analogy with many Hemitheinae — must be the proximal boundary of the

postmedian ; fringe reddish brown ; terminal line very slightly darker than the

fringe, occasionally developing sUghtly blacker dots at veins. Hindwing fairly

Inoad, the angle at R' obtuse; as forewing, but with a conspicuous, slightly

raised white mark along DC', recalling Eretmopus marinaria Guen., in which,

however, it is shorter, more punctiform (Guenee's description and Oberthiir's

figure ignore it — probably the type is worn).

Underside whitish green, the fringes slightly paler brownish than above.

Malay Peninsula: Kedah Peak, 3,200 ft., December 1915. Type in coll.

Brit. Mus., kindly presented by the Federated Malay States Museum ; other

examples in coll. Fed. Malay States Mus., coll. Raffles Mus., coll. L. B, Prout.

NoviTATES Zoological XXXII. 1925. 35

12. Prasinocyma eichhomi sp. n.

$, 42 mm. Face green. Palpus about 2, third joint as long as second ;

green above, white beneath. Vertex and base of antenna white ; occiput green.

Thorax and abdomen above green, with a bright yellow-ochre central Une on

methathorax and abdomen, becoming posteriorly weaker and more mixed with

white ; beneath whitish green. Legs whitish, tinged with green.

Forewing with apex rather acute, termen very faintly sinuous, moderately

oblique ; SC' free, R' stalked, DC incurved in middle, M' comiate ; slightly dia-

phanous bluish green ; costal edge pale buff, finely underlined with a fleshy tinge ;

cell-mark olive yellowish, slightly elongate ; lines white, bordered in median

area with olive yellowish ; antemedian at 5 mm., lunulate-dentate, the vein-

teeth directed proximad ; postmedian from costa at 12 mm. to hindmargin at

9 mm., more deeply lunulate-dentate, with shght incurvature between radials

and at submedian fold ; termen with an extremely fine reddish-grey line, which

is accentuated at the veins ; fringe pale buff, Hindwing angled at R' ; DC

oblique, M' stalked ; as forewing, the postmedian line more protuberant at

R'-M'.

Underside whitish green, with the markings scarcely discernible.

New Ireland, February 1924 (A. F. Eichhorn), type in coll, Tring Mus.

13. Prasinocyma absimilis semimacula subsp. n.

(J$. Differs from a. absimilis Warr, (1901) in having the white spot on

hindmargin of forewing reduced to a comma-shaped dot, the head of the comma

on SM=, the tail behind.

New Ireland, November 1923-February 1924, 3 c?c?, 1 ? (A. F. Eichhorn),

in coll. Tring Mus.

Warren's type from Etna Bay was a rather rubbed $ with discoloured

abdomen (thus not showing the white dorsal dots), and has not yet been matched

from New Guinea, but since the same form (so far as can be judged) has been

taken on Ceram and Buru it is evidently widely distributed, and I conclude that

it is safe to regard the present as a local race. The ^ shows characteristic dense

whitish hairy clothing on the posterior part of the abdomen ventrally and

laterally, the anal tuft rather well developed.

14. Comostola nereidaria levata subsp. n.

$, 21-22 mm. Crown not, or only extremely narrowly, white in front.

-Foreiving with cell-ispot much reduced in size ; postmedian spot of hind-

margin less marked with red than in n. nereidaria Snell. (1881) ; terminal yellow

line with much smaller dark spots between the veins. Hindwing with similar

distinctions, the reduction of the angular cell-mark giving it quite a different

aspect from that of n. nereidaria.

St. Mattliias Island, June 1923 (type) ; Squally Island, August 1923 ; all

in coll. Tring Mus,, collected by A. F. Eichhorn.

The examples are not of such a bluish green as the majority of n. nereidaria,

but aberrations of that race closely resemble »i. levata in tone.

15. Eucrostes euryxantha sp. n.

(J$, 14-17 mm. Face orange, mixed above with red. Palpus with terminal

joint moderate ; whitish buff, mixed with red. Crown green. Fillet white.

36 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXII. 1925.

Antermal pectinations in (J about 3, in $ about 2. Thorax and abdomen above

green, beneath whitish green. Legs pale, the foreleg strongly, the midleg

moderately marked with red or reddish.

Forewing with apex slightly more rounded than in the allies ; of the same

bright green, or slightly more yellowish ; costal edge red ; cell- dot red, minute ;

a yellow band of about 1 mm. width proximal to the red terminal line ; the latter

somewhat suffused with purple-grey, produced proximally into sharp interneural

triangles ; fringe red. — \ — Hindwing the same, except costal edge.

Underside similar, the red costal edge of forewing broader, at least proximally.

St. Matthias Island, July 1923, 2 $^, 3 ??, including the type ; Squally

Island, August 1923, 1 c?, 1 ? ; all in Tring Mus., collected by A. F. Eichhorn.

16. Acidaliastis porphyretica sp. n.

cJ, 12-15 mm. ; 9, 13-18 mm. Face and palpus rosy. Vertex and antennal

shaft white ; occiput rosy. Thorax and abdomen above rosy, the abdomen with

small whitish mediodorsal spots ; beneath whitish yellow ; the first two pairs

of legs with rosy suffusion.

Forewing bright rosy with purple suffusion (recalling many Ptochophyle

and Chrysocraspeda, e.g. togata Fb. $), more or less irrorated with whitish ; costal

edge in some examples darkened, in others more tinged with olivaceous ; cell-

spot whitish, rarely conspicuous ; lines yellowish white, generally slender ; ante-

median from about one-third costa to two-fifths hindmargin, generally obsolete

at costa, oblique outward anteriorly, bent or angled at cell-fold, then shghtly

oblique inward, with an inward curve between M and SM'^ ; postmedian anteriorly

rather less oblique than termen, slightly tremulous, then sinuous (excurved

between R' and M-, incurved between M- and SM-) ; terminal line purple ; fringe

pale yellowish, in proximal part overlaid with rose-colour.- Hindwing con-

colorous or slightly more mixed with whitish ; indications of a whitish cell-spot ;

a postmedian line as on forewing ; fringe as on forewing.

Forewing beneath paler rosy, almost unmarked ; hindwing whitish, with

variable rosy suffusion, sometimes developing a rosy postmedian line, always

a rosy terminal ; fringe yellowish.

N.E. Madagascar: Diego Suarez, a long series; Sakaramy, 1 J (G. Melou).

Type in coll. Tring Mus.

Rather variable, but recognisable at a glance by the rosy coloration ; other-

wise near prophanes Frout {Ann. Transv. Mus. viii. 154), agreeing in structure.

Some specimens show whitish rays in the terminal area.

SuBFAM. STERRHINAE.

17. Anisodes minorata vinotincta subsp. n.

<3'$, 25-28 mm. Differs from m. minorata Warr. (Nov. Zool. iv. 48 =

ephyrataVf&TT., Nov. Zool. iv. CO, Tenimber) in having the ground-colour strongly

suffused with deep vinaceous (slightly rufous), the dark median band somewhat

broadened and an additional dark band generally more or less strongly developed

outside the postmedian dots, containing a series of subterminal spots of the

ground-colour.

St. Matthias Island, June 1923 (A. F. Eichhorn), 5 cJJ, 3 $$ in coll.

Tring Mus.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXII. 192o. 37

A. tribeles Prout (Nov. Zool. xxvii. 276, Sudest) proves to be another race

of minorata, the ground-colour intermediate, the markings not noticeably stronger

than in m. minorata. I should scarcely have described it had I not overlooked

its association with minorata, which Warren founded on a broken ^ and placed

in Brachycola. The separation of other races (China, Formosa, Key Islands, etc.)

must await better material. Like several other Anisodes, it seems to be distri-

buted over the greater part of the Indo-Australian Region.

18. Anisodes tricrista sp. n.

(J, 28-30 mm. Face deep chocolate above, whitish below. Palpus scarcely

1 J, terminal joint nearly one-half second ; liver-brown above, pale cream beneath.

Vertex and antemial shaft pale, collar buff. Thorax and base of abdomen above

fawn-colour with a purplish tinge ; the rest of abdomen pale crown. Legs pale,

the fore and middle femora and tibiae reddened on upper and inner sides. Hind-

tibia with three spurs, the proximal well separated from the distal pair.

Forewing with costa straightish, apex rather acute, termen oblique, little

curved ; areole wanting ; an area of fine, closely appressed, transverse hair-

scaUng in and behind cell ; three raised tufts on the veins near apex, that on R'

very small, that on SC* larger, that on SC- ' larger still ; fawn-colour, with fine

purplish irroration ; the sexual patches light brown or (at least the subapical

tufts) inclining to clay-yellowish ; cell-dot minute, black ; principal lines obsolete

or (in the type) the antemedian indicated by dots on SC and SM= ; a faintly pale

subterminal line, marked proximally by a rather inconspicuous series of minute

black dots, the first three placed on the crests proximally, the next three nearest

to the termen, the last two receding slightly ; equally minute interneural dots

at termen. Hindwing with termen very feebly subcrenulate, appreciably

bent in middle ; concolorous with forewing, without sex-patches ; markings

otherwise as in forewing ; a faint median shade outside cell-dot, a Second faint

shade inside subterminal series.

Underside rather paler ; forewing with costal margin ochraceous and with

a slight smoky suffusion in and for some distance beyond cell ; both wings with

minute cell-dot and terminal dots ; hindwing with costal edge, etc., tinged with

ochraceous.

New Ireland, November 1923, 3 cJc? (A. F. Eichhorn), type in coll. Tring Mus.

19. Anisodes matthias sp. n.

cJ?, 29 mm. Close to niveopuncta, Warr. (1897), perhaps a subspecies.

Rather smaller, the forewing perhaps slightly broader in proportion. Groimd-

colour less fleshy, with the dark irroration stronger, on the hindwing tending to

condense into a vague, narrow band proximally to the subterminal ; median

shade, at least on forewing, a little broadened ; postmedian dots enlarged.

Underside of forewing almost or altogether without the pink suffusion of niveo-

puncta.

St. Matthias Island, June-July 1923 (A. F. Eichhorn), 2 ^^, 2 ??, in coll.

Tring Mus.

20. Problepsis appollinaria deparcata subsp. n.

(J$, 36-37 mm. Fillet between the antennae less blackened than in the

other races. Wings purer white ; the sUvery ocelli entirely unaccompanied by

38 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXII. 1925.

dark markings ; antemedian line obsolete ; median shade very faintly greyish ;

postmedian rather thinner and weaker than in typical nppolUnaria Guen. (1858) ;

subterminal spots and Une indistinct.

St. Matthias Island. July 1923, type $ and 1 ? ; June 1923, 4 $? (A. F.

Eichhorn). All in coll. Tring Mus.

21. Somatina maeandrata sp. n.

$, 31 mm. Face black. Palpus rather slender, little over 1 ; blackish,

pale beneath. Head and body pale fleshy grey, here and there with deeper

admixture ; abdomen dorsally with some blackish irroration.

Foreiving with SC= cormate with SC ' = (type) or from cell (paratype) ; pale

fleshy grey, irrorated and clouded with deeper fleshy brownish, the ground-colour

remaining clearer costall}' and in the region of the two lines ; very sparse black

irroration ; a black cell-dot ; lines brown, the postmedian blackened on the

veins ; antemedian slender, weak, slightly sinuous ; postmedian at least as

distally placed as in anthophilata Guen., waved, angled outward at R', deeply

incurved at both folds ; subterminal almost obsolete, with faint dark shading

proximally and — except at apex — distally ; terminal dark hne fine and weak ;

fringe dark red-grey. ^ Hindwing similar, but with the cell-dot weaker, the

antemedian Une obsolete.

Underside paler ; postmedian hne faintly indicated ; costal margin of

forewing tinged with ochreous ; fringes reddish.

Malay Peninsula : Kedah Peak, 3,200 ft., December 1915. Type in coll.

Brit. Mus., kindly presented by the Raffles Museum ; paratype in coll. Raffles Mus.

Except in rosacea Swinh,, in which, as in the new species, its point of origin

varies, SC- of the forewing seems always to be stalked in the typical group of

Somatina ; maeandrata is evidently nearer to plynusaria Walk, than to rosacea ;

at first glance it rather suggests a small washed-out urnariu Guen.

22. Sterrha indeprensa sp. n.

(J$, 21-22 mm. Face black. Palpus black on upper and outer sides.

Vertex whitish. Antenna! joints not projecting ; ciliation in ^ about 1, in

$ vestigial. Collar hght brown. Hindtibia of ^ dilated, with strong pale hair-

pencUs, the tarsus minute.

Forewing of average breadth, apex moderately sharp, termen straightish ;

areole moderate, SC' stalked just beyond ; whitish bone-colour, mostly with

rather darker, greyer suffusion, leaving clear a band between median and post-

median, as well as the subterminal line ; lines darker brown-grey ; antemedian

fine, excurved in anterior half, minutely incurved in submedian area ; median

shade just beyond the black cell-dot. not sharply defined proximally, distally

scarcely sinuous ; postmedian nearly parallel wth termen, at 2 or 2-5 mm.

therefrom, minutely crenulate, the outward points on the veins very sUghtly

darkened ; distal area, by contrast to the pale band, suggesting a rather definite

dark border, as in palniensis Prout or weakly marked diffluata H.-Sch., the sub-

terminal formed as in the latter or slightly thinner ; termen without dark marks ;

fringe rather long, with minute dark dots at vein-ends. Hindwing with termen

strongly convex, sUghtly waved, rather prominent about R'-M' ; SC--R' stalked

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXII. 1925. 39

to rather more than one-half ; proximal part hardly suffused, median line (shade)

just proximal to the minute black cell-dot, little sinuous ; band beyond clear,

as on forewing ; postmedian gently incurved between radials and at fold ;

distal area as on forewing.

Forewing beneath with heavy smoky suffusion as far as the median line,

thence nearly as above but with the postmedian darker. Hindwing shghtly

paler than above, the median shade slender, the terminal shades tending to

obsolescence. Both wings with minute black cell-dot.

Darjiling, apparently not uncommon, the type ^ (August 1904) in coll.

Tring Mus.

Mr. Warren and the British Museum had this determined as " indeterniinata

Warr." (Nov. Zool. viii. 25, Simla), which is a quite weakly marked species —

notably beneath. The new species has more in common with palniensis Prout

(Nov. Zool. xxvii. 311, Palnis), which is a greyer, rougher-looking insect.

SuBFAM. LARENTIINAE.

23. Xanthorhoti hampsoni sp. n.

" Cidaria curcumaia Moore " (part.) Hmpsn., Faun. Ind. Moths, iii. 365 (1895) (ex err.).

(^, 33 mm. Head and body dirty greenish, mixed with brown-black. Palpus

1|. Antenna! pectinations IJ (surmounted with fa.scicles J as long as the pec-

tinations), with short intermediate fascicle-bearing processes (i.e. much as in

griseiviridis Hmpsn. but with the pectinations longer).

Forewing glossy green ; veins in places pale ; basal and median areas dark

brown, mixed with black and very slightly in places with vinous and edged by

fine whitish lines ; edge of basal area almost straight ; succeeding green area with

lines and blotches of black ; antemedian Hne bent or bluntly angled in cell and

weakly toothed outward on fold (not " vein 2 " as in Hampson) ; cell-spot black,

generally large ; an irregular row of blackish blotches beyond it ; postmedian

sinuate inward between the radials, bilobed behind (not " on ") R^ the projec-

tions not quite so long as in griseiviridis ; the green area beyond traversed by

interrupted lines and shading off into brown terminally ; subterminal line scarcely

lunulate, in places interrupted, crossed by an oblique dash from apex ; proximally

to it a dark costal patch (crossing SC) and a pair of broad black wedge-marks

between the radials, distally to it some dark maculation between apical dash and

R' ; terminal line rather thick but not intense, slightly interrupted at and mid-

way between the veins ; fringe weakly chequered, with a fine pale line at base.

Hindwing glossy white ; smoky posterior suffusion, shghtly interrupted by

white postmedian and subterminal lines ; a small weak cell-dot ; a dusky terminal

line, strongest posteriorly ; fringe weakly mottled or chequered.

Underside whitish, with shghtly elongate cell-marks and sinuous dark-grey

postmedian line ; forewing suffused with light grey as far as postmedian and

again terminally, with indications of a wliite subterminal ; hindwing with faint

grey shading proximally to the subterminal.

India: Simla, June 1896, type in coll. Tring Mus. Also Simla (1 cj, 1 $)

and Dalhousie (1 ^, 1 ?) in coll. Brit. Mus., forming the major part of Hampson's

conception of nircumafa (cf. Prout, Ent. Mitt. Deutsch. Ent. Mus. iii. 246), though

he had also 2 $$ of true curcumata.

40 NOVITAIES ZOOLOOICAE XXXII. 1925.

24. Xanthorhoe placida sp. n.

(J9, 32-38 mm. Very near the preceding, perhaps representing it in N.E.

India. Structure about the same, the secondary processes of the ^ anterma

apparently more developed.

Forewing green, with black-brown markings, the latter more or less mixed

in places with red, particularly at base of costa, on the end of M and on the bases

of R', M' and M= ; all the areas except terminal with indistinct wavy lines, but

without the spots and blotches of hatnpsoni (except in some specimens behind

the proximal part of M-) ; median band rather narrower than in that species ;

postmedian much more direct, the radial sinus scarcely noticeable, the double

lobe behind it quite small ; markings of distal area about as in Jiampsoni or with

the suffusion of posterior part rather darker and more extended.

Underside distinguished at a glance from that of hampsoni by the much less

sinuous postmedian line on both wings.

Bhutan: Buxa, 3 tS3, 2 ?? (including the type ^) ; Sikkim, 1 <^, 0 ?? ;

Naga Hills, 2 ?? ; all in coll. Tring Mus. N.E, Burma : Htawgaw, 6,000 ft.,

October 14, 1923 (Capt. A. E. Swann), 1 ? in coll. L. B. Prout.

Except for the whiter hindwing and underside, the $ would be difficult to

distinguish from some forms of curcuinata Moore.

25. Lasiophanes scotobathra sp. n.

cj, 25-26 mm. Face mixed blackish and white-grey. Palpus above

predominantly blackish, beneath white-grey. Vertex blackish. Thorax and

abdomen above blackish, beneath with a tinge of brown, the extremity of abdomen

remaining black.

Foreiving moderately elongate, termen relatively short, less obHque than

in rtifisticta Warr. (Nov. Zool. xii. 333) ; areole undivided ; M= slightly more

distal at its origin than in rufisticta, a little curved ; glossy light brown, slightly

mottled with fuscous ; proximal area (about to origin of M=) blackish, sUghtly

pale-mixed towards base, bounded distally by a broad whitish line, which is

rather strongly excurved in ceO and moderately in submedian area, bluntly

angled inward at M and SM' ; a faint dark thread indicated at distal edge of the

white, absorbing the obsolescent, crescentic cell-mark ; postmedian in anterior

half well-developed and strongly excurved, in posterior obsolescent, lunulate-

dentate, the strongest tooth inward on M- ; faint wavy lines indicated on the

area between the antemedian and postmedian and faint subterminal " twin

spots " between the radials ; terminal line interrupted with pale dot, at the veins ;

fringe pale, with faint grey bisecting lines and with dark-grey spots opposite

the veins. Hindwing slightly ampler than in mfisticta ; DC not biangulate,

posteriorly strongly obUque, R= central ; black-grey, the posterior hair black,

deeper than in rufisticta. much more extended than in nigranalis Prout (1910),

Forewing beneath greyer than above, the markings weakly indicated.

Hindwing pale grey, with fuscous lines, the antemedian curved, the postmedian

strongly outbent in middle, two or three fine wavy lines weakly indicated in

the median area.

Peru : Huancabamba, Cerro de Pasco (E. Boettger), 2 (J^J in coll. Tring Mus.

On revision this species and the following will probably have to be removed

from Lasiophanes, the venational differences being by no means insignificant.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXII. 1925. 41

26. Lasiophanes aoroptila sp. n.

cJ, 28 mm. Structure (except as noted) and general coloration much as in

the preceding species. Antenna minutely ciliated (ciliation less than ^). Anal

extremity not blackened.

Forewing with termen extremely oblique posteriorly, tornus not defined,

hindmargin a little prominent in middle ; underside with an oval patch of

androconial scaUng beliind posterior part of M and base of R', and just crossing

into the cell ; more uniformly irrorated with fuscous than scotobathra Prout

(supra), leaving a clear brown subapical patch, reminiscent of Anthalma, Phlebo-

gj)hales, etc. ; proximal area not blackened, only separated from median area by

a normally placed, vaguely double, whitish antemedian ; discal crescentic mark

rather thick ; a slaty patch behind it, indicating position of androconial patch.

— , — Hindwing rather roundly produced about SC--Ri, thence little rounded to

tornus ; DC strongly curved, becoming obUque posteriorly ; glossy grey, with

a darker grey androconial patch between the radials from DC outward (obviously

meeting that of forewing when the latter is folded back) ; tuft at anal angle more

brownish, restricted about as in nigranalis Prout.

Forewing beneath drab-grej', paler at apex and termen, slightly darker

and browner on the androconial patch. Hindwing pale grey, weakly irrorated ;

a dark mark on DC- ; a lunulate-dentate postmedian line, not very strong and

not reaching costa ; very faint indications of a few other lines.

Peru : Huancabamba, Cerro de Pasco (E. Boettger). Type in coll. Tring Mus.

27. Collix haploscelis sp. n.

cj, 33-34 mm. Face with loose cone ; blackish. Paljms fully 2 ; first

joint white, with loose black hair at end ; second oclireous, with projecting hair

above and strong black tuft beneath, projecting along the third joint ; third

long and slender, black, above whitish. Antenna nearly simple. Vertex blackish,

with a pale spot in front. Thorax and abdomen concolorous with wings, the

patagia and tegulae marked with ochreous, the abdomen (to about the fifth

somite) with an ochreous (almost orange-rufous) lateral stripe ; lateral tufts

well developed, pale greyish. Midtibia not (as in all other c?(J of true Collix)

dilated.

Wings coloured and marked much as in dark hypospilata Guen., or a little

more uniform ; forewing with the vein-dashes on the lines short and incon-

spicuous, subterminal hne broken into small white dots, the one behind M= slightly

larger ; hindwing with the termen not very deeply dentate, the cell- dot fairly

large.

Underside less tinged with brown than in hypospilata, but with some fuscous

longitudinal streaks between base and postmedian, particularly along M (broaden-

ing to fill in the interspace of R' and M') and M- ; postmedian band more irregular

than in hypospilata, somewhat elbowed at R' and R^ ; a weaker band in place

of the subterminal spots of hypospilata.

New Hanover, March- April 1923 (A. F. Eichhorn), 2 cJc^ in coll. Tring Mus.

28. Collix purpurilita sp. n.

cj?, 32 mm. General coloration (except as noted) as in the preceding

species. Frontal cone scarcely developed. Palpus in 9 not quite 2, in ^J rather

42 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXJI. 1925.

shorter ; second joint with moderately appressed scaling, black beneath,

ochreous above ; third joint rather short and blunt, ochreous. Patagia and

tegulae. less brightly marked than in haploscelis. Midtibia of (^ dilated. Lateral

stripe of abdomen bright.

Forewing with stronger purple-grey gloss than in hypospihita ; ceU-spot

nearly twice as broad posteriorly as anteriorly ; lines well marked, especially

the subbasal, the antemedian and the postmedian ; the first two angled outward

on C, M and SIM', thickened at the angles, the antemedian touching the base of

M= ; postmedian denticulate, much as in stellata Warr. (Nov. Zool. i. 679) ;

subterminal broken into white dots. Hindwing with termen strongly convex,

the teeth rather strong ; markings much as in stellata, the cell-dot a little larger,

the postmedian more excurved.

Underside much as in stellata, the postmedian submacular band rather more

bent in middle, the subterminal band weak.

Solomons: Rendova, February 1904 (A. S. Meek). Type in coll. Tring Mus.

29. Rhinoprora oribates sp. n.

cj$, 26 mm. Close to palpata Walk. (1862). Larger. Head and palpus

darker, predominantly black-brown.

Forewing darker and more glossy than in palpata, the green shades almost

suppressed except in the lines which bound the basal patch and the broad median

band ; these lines narrowed, the pair beyond the postmedian inclined to be

interrupted behind R' ; cell-spot enlarged, elongate, extending the whole length

of DC-"^ ; course of postmedian rather less irregular than in palpata ; subterminal

weak, more or less interrupted or broken into interneural dots, its proximal

dark shade forming a pretty continuous band. Hindwing rather more glossy

and more smoky than in palpata, weakly marked.

Java: Mount Gedeh, June 24, 1910 (type ^), June 15, 1910, at 8,000 ft.

(allotype $). In coll. L. B. Prout, collected by Dr. E. A. Cockayne, to whose

generosity I am indebted for them.

Still larger specimens, unfortunately wasted, were found by Mr. C. I<. Colle-

nette on the summit of the same mountain, 9,000 ft., April 21, 1922, perhaps

representing a different brood.

30. Antimimistis subteracta sp. n.

?, 22-24 mm. Hindtibia with four spurs. Otherwise extremely like

A. attenuata Moore (1887), especially on the upperside. Head and palpus shghtly

more mixed with reddish.

Forewing slightly darker or more uniform, of a slightly more reddish brown,

the markings not very sharply expressed ; subterminal line obsolescent, excepting

the central spot, which is hardly so white as that of attenuata. Hiiidioing

concolorous, a pale mark at abdominal margin just beyond the postmedian rather

sharply differentiated ; the central subterminal spot rather less concise and

more yellowish than in attenuata.

Underside distinguishable at a glance from that of attenuata, being more

black-grey (less brown), with much more sharply defined whitish lines, the post-

median broadened into a narrow band and more regularly curved than in

attemmta.

NOVITATES ZOOLOOIOAE XXXII. 1925. 43

N. India : Khasia Hills, March 1894, type and another 9 ; DarjOing, August

1904, 1 ? ; all in coll. Tring Mus.

A (^ from the Khasia Hills, May 1897, in good condition but unfortunately

without hindlegs (therefore not made the type), is smaller (19 mm.), but otherwise

like the $$ ; it will be very interesting to ascertain whether this sex agrees in

hindtibial armature with its $ or with the other Antimimistis species. As regards

the genus, recently erected by Turner (Tr. Roy. Soc. 8. Austral, xlvi. 233) for a

closely allied Australian species, it is curious that no author noticed its salient

feature in the well-known attenuata, the remarkable long-stalking of R"' of the

forewing being, of course, observable with a very moderate lens.

31. Phthonoloba auxostira sp. n.

(J, 34-41 mm. Hitherto confounded with decussata Moore (1867) ; dis-

tinguished as follows :

Palpus smoother above, green almost to end of second joint (without the

projecting black-brown scahng of decussata). Abdomen of cj with the " keel " '

larger, reaching fully to the middle of the third abdominal segment (in decussata

only just reaching this segment) ; tergites 1, 7 and 8 green, some green also on

tergite 6 (in decussata only 1 and 8 green, or the green admixture on [6 and] 7

almost negligeable). Femoro-tibial pencil denser than in decussata. Forewmg

slightly less vivid green. Hindwing sUghtly darker or more uniform (not

becoming pale at costal margin).

South and Central India: Madura dist., March- June 1906, 3 cJd' (type),

1 $ (H. Campbell) ; Peermaad, Travancore ; Nilgiris ; Shevaroy Hills ; Cud-

dapah ; Gooty. Type in coll. Tring Mus.

32. Phthonoloba titanis sp. n.

9, 53 mm. Far larger than the type species and indeed every hitherto

known species of the group except praeeminens Prout (1916). Paljius almost 3,

second joint somewhat rough-scaled above, third joint elongate. Head and

thorax almost certainly of a paler, less bright green than in decussata and aiixostira

(rather faded). Abdomen dorsally tinged with green at the base, otherwise

pale greyish or brownish.

Forewing with apex slightly more acute than in decussata, termen not quite

so regularly curved, bemg a little straighter anteriorly ; apparently of a paler,

more olivaceous green, but discoloured ; markings similarly brown (rather more

spotted with black) ; cell-spot large, black ; subbasal line more black-mixed

than in decussata, thinner ; succeeding group of lines angled subcostally ; median

band (group of lines) broader anteriorly than posteriorly, the lines immediately

beyond cell-spot more strongly excurved, the second and third spotted on the

veins ; subterminal group somewhat as in decussata. the true (pale) subterminal

rather better expressed ; marked distally with black vein-spots, that on SC»

enlarged, subtriangular ; termen with paired dots at the veins.- Hindwing

paler, greyish, becoming more brownish distally ; cell-spot rather large ; a

' Noticed by Warren in the allied genus Sleirophora, with its offshoots (? subgenera) Si/iiiicurodes

and Episteira, but apparentl.v altogether overlooked in PW/iono.'oba and (? subgenu?) Hypocometa.

It should be stated that " long second segment " in Warren's original diagnosis of Steirophora ia

a lapse for " third segment." In Phthonoloba the process is shorter, but always developed.

44 NoVlTATES ZOOLOOICAB XXXII. 1925.

sinuous, distally pale-bordered postmediau line much as in bengueUaia Schultze

(1910) ; a pale, lunulate-dentate subterminal line, accompanied proximallj- by

two almost confluent dark lines, distally by an ill-defined line or shade.

N, Borneo : Kina Balu, type in coll. Tring Mus.

The strongly marked hindwing, extremely rare in the group, points to an

affinity with benguetann. though even there the character is scarcely so extreme ;

cell-spots larger, markings on forewing more black, aspect more fasciate, hind-

wing with the outer band broken into Unes.

33. Sauris aspricosta sp. n.

(J, 36-38 mm. Close to bninnescens Warr. (Nov. Zool. iii. 295, Fergusson

Island ; also from Upper Aroa River and Hydrographer Mountains, British

New Guinea), certainly a representative species but hardly to be treated as

a race.

Forewing with costal margin still more strongly arched, the edge black,

clothed in middle and (more strongly) distally with rough, suberect sex-scaUng ;

dark-green bands broadened, especially the prcsubmarginal, this and the pale

lines on either side of it rather oblique inward anteriorly ; some reddish-grey

irroration or " fluting " on the bands in places, notably on the distal median

posteriorly and the proximal subterminal near costa. Hinchving more black-

grey than in brunnescens (with less tinge of red-brown).

New Ireland, December 1923-January 1924 (A. F. Eichhorn), 3 (JcJ in coll.

Tring Mus.

Warren's type of brunnescens is slightly faded ; the ground-colour of the

forewing in fresh specimens of both species is pale olive-green, not " silvery grey."

34. Sauris lucens fortunata subsp. n.

cJ?. 35-36 mm. Larger than /. lucens Warr. (Nov. Zool. vi. 36. Woodlark ;

also known from Sudest and Rossel Islands). Forewing perhaps of a deeper

oil-green (but the tendency of these greens to fade with years must be taken

into account in making the comparison), becoming grey-shaded at termen,

the blackish submedian marks not very strong. Underside darker and colder

grey-brown than in I. lucens (nearly " hair-brown ").

New Ireland. November-December 1923, 4 jJ^J, 4 $$ (loc. typ.) ; New

Hanover, March- April 1923, 2 <J(J, 5 $$ ; all collected by A. F. Eichhorn.

Warren (perhaps describing by artificial Ught) calls the underside of lucens

" greenish grey." This is quite misleading ; I should describe it as drab, the

gloss which gives it a distinctive hue being in the direction of ecru-drab or fawn,

thus with no suspicion whatever of green.

35. Sauris (Helminthoceras) erigens sp. n.

$, 28 mm. Face narrowly green above, dark purple-brown beneath.

Palpus long (3 J) ; base whitish ; second joint green, beneath and at base black ;

third mostly green. Vertex green ; occiput dark purple-brown. Thorax green

above, whitish beneath. (Abdomen discoloured.) Legs greyish, the hindleg

nearly white.

Forewing with apex not acute, termen less oblique than in most Sauris

(nearly as in abnormis Moore or scarcely so curved) ; pale green with a tinge of

NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXII. 1926. 45

olive, very faintly rippled with less pale green ; lines blackish, with a suggestion

of purple ; a deeper black dash at base in front of SC ; subbasal line well out,

extremely fine, shghtly sinuous, obsolete anteriorly ; a weak spot just beyond

it on costa ; antemedian very weak, slightly interrupted, zigzag, quite near the

end of cell, darkened between cell and fold ; a costal dash beyond ; postmedian

double, little beyond cell, perpendicular from costa, nearly direct, slightly in-

curved at fold, a little oblique outward to termen (especially the proximal one),

connected by a dark mark as SM- ; the proximal with a small triangular pro-

jection proximally at R-, its apex touching DC (suggesting a cell-spot) ; subter-

minals much as in abnormis, the proximal finely blackened to costa, the distal

narrower than in abnormis, more macular, less band-like, the connective markings

at radials and between medians strong, others indicated ; termen with black

vein-dots.^ — Himlwing and underside uniform glossy grey, only the hind-

margin of the forewing beneath whiter (i.e. as in abnormis, etc.).

Woodlark Island, March- April 1897 (type) ; Snow Mountains, Upper

Oetakwa River, up to .3,500 ft., October-December 1910, a rather smaller, more

faded example ; both in coll. Tring Mus.

Determined by Mr. Warren as serraticornis Warr., to which it bears little

resemblance except in the peculiar antennal structure. Only the second species

to be recorded with this structure, which, however, is closely approached by

contorta Warr, (Nov, Zool, iv. 232) and infirma Swinh. (Tr. Ent. Soc. Land. 1902,

p. 654 — cj, not " $ ") ; the latter is a smaller and broader-winged insect than

erigens, with the median area broader, the postmedian line much less direct, the

underside paler. The differences can hardly be merely sexual, and the localities

are widely removed,

SuBFAM. GEOMETRINAE.

36. Obeidia lucifera Swinh.

Oheidia lucifera Swinh., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xii. (68) 153 (August 1, 1893) (Darjiling).

Obeidia lihellulalis Warr,, Proc. Zool. Soc. Loud. 1893, p. 389 (August 1, 1893) (male oondita)

[DarjiUng].

" Oheidia tigrala Guen. " (part) Hmpsn., Faun. Ind. Moths, iii. 309 (1895) (ex err.).

The essential difference of this species from the Chinese tigrata Guen. (1858)

was already recognised by Elwes in working out his Indian collection, and he

labelled a good Darjiling ^ " A. tigriim " [laps. cal. pro tigrata] " var, of Moore

not of Guenee," To this specimen Warren added the name " Obeidia libellulalis

Warr,," but neglected to pubUsh it definitely. As, however, his description of

fumosa Warr, on p, 389 (loc, cit,) gives an intelUgible description resp, differentia-

tion of the two, it seems that libelhdalis is somewhat more than a nomen nudum

and might be available for the second of the species which are perversely merged

by Hampson with tigrata, and I have labelled the Elwes example (" Darjeeling

20.6.86, H. J, E,") as " type." But inasmuch as luctifera Swinh, was pubUshed,

and published properly, on the same day it should undoubtedly be given pre-

cedence, notwithstanding that in other conflicts between the same two papers

" first revisers" have chosen Warren's names — probably because his work was

the more systematic and comprehensive.

O. 1. semifamosa subsp. n. <J$. Black-grey markings of forewing heavier,

in particular eliminating entirely the orange maculation of the distal border,

46 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXII. 1926.

cell-spot more or less completely fused with postmedian macular band. Hind-

wing as in I. lucifera.

Assam : Naga Hills, 5,000-8,000 ft., July-August 1889 (W. Doherty), a

short series in coll. Tring Mus.

37. Abraxas aesia sp. n.

(J, 47-48 mm. ; $, 53 mm. Head black. Palpus orange at base. Antenna

of (J with the fascicles of cilia strong, slightly over 1. Thorax orange, sUglitly

mixed with black and with a few white scales. Abdomen orange, with the

customary rows of black spots. Legs predominantly black ; hindtibial pencil

of cJ moderate.

Forewing not very broad ; white, very slightly creamy, the markings heavy

but leaving the apex clear ; basal patch mixed with orange proximally, the black

fairly heavy, the orange band near outer edge generallj' slender, well removed

from the basal orange ; a small grey, black-mixed midcostal spot, variable in

size and shape, accompanied proximally and distally and sometimes posteriorly

by inconstant grey dots or small spots ; median band further represented by a

small grey spot, dot or dash at base of M-, a more proximal transverse spot

between M and SM=, and a small erect mark on hindmargin ; postmedian band

nearly always complete, consisting of two or three rows of more or less entirely

confluent black or black-grey spots, anteriorly as a rule separated by a thread of

the gromid-colour, posteriorly enlarged (especiaU}' the outer), the orange suffusion

strong, at least from radials to SM% more oblique than the band, showing on

its distal part anteriorly, projecting proximally to it posteriorly ; light plumbeous

vein-dots or dashes on its proximal part, interneural strokes or crescents (inter-

rupted Une) on its distal from R' to liindmargin ; a longitudinal grey costa

mark, projecting a Uttle bej'ond the postmedian, tapering to a point ; white

distal band approximately 3-4 mm. wide, generally containing only a few grey

dots, the terminal row of elongate spots and one or two small projections there-

from at R' or R'-M'. Hindwing with costa in cJ very strongly convex proxi-

mally, rather elongate, apex rounded, termen waved ; no cell-spot ; some small

spots close to base ; median series represented by small spots on costa, SC and

abdominal margin ; postmedian by a large spot at costa, generally a more distal,

oblique mark between C and SC', vein-spots on SC= (single) and on R' and R'

(double) and a posterior blotch formed much as on forewing, wide at tornus ;

distal white band generally clear, 4-5 mm. wide ; terminal marks somewhat

crescentic.

Underside similar but less variegated, the orange and plumbeous shades

wanting, the postmedian bands sohd posteriorly.

Loo Choo Islands ; 1 (J, 1 $, ex coll. Pryer, in coll. Brit. Mus. ; Okinawa

March 1891, 3 ^S, including the type (Dr. Fritze), March 16 and 20, 1892,

1 tJ, 1 ? (N. C. Rothschild), February 1891, 2 <J^ (Dr. Fritze), in coll. Tring Mus!

The February specimens are smaller (41 mm.), perhaps representing a separate

brood.

38. Abraxas lugubris sp. n.

(J, 41-50 mm. ; $, 54 mm. Head orange. Antennal fascicles in ^J moder-

ately strong, fully 1. Thorax and abdomen nearly as in the preceding species.

Legs largely blackish ; mid- and hindfemora in part pale orange ; hindtibia

NOVITATES ZOOLOQICAE XXXII. 1926. 47

pencil of (J rather strong. Wings shaped somewhat as in that species, the fore-

wing slightly more rounded costaUy, the hindwing relatively rather less elongate,

its costal margin in the (J scarcely swollen.

Foreiving white, heavily marked ; basal patch much as in aesia, rather more

suffused with orange, the distal black strong between costa and fold ; median

band black-grey, 4 or 5 mm. wide at costa, slightly obhque outward, absorbing

the deeper black ceU-spot, roundly bent about R', becoming only about half

as broad, parallel with termen, more macular, but only interrupted at fold,

preceded proximaUy by a large spot between M and SM= and confluent with a

smaller proximal one at hindmargin ; postmedian band approximately parallel

with median, broadening at costa, consisting of round vein-spots in middle, only

from fold to hindmargin expanded into the characteristic blotch of the group,

which is rather dark and dull ; a black band of 2-3 mm. width round apex from

postmedian band to midterminal blotch, enclosing a small, somewhat lunular

mark of the ground-colour between SC' and R- ; midterminal blotch large,

generally confluent with postmedian band ; the narrow terminal band generally

confluent with posterior blotch of postmedian. Hindwing with median band

consisting of anterior half-band (costal spot + large cell-spot) and more or less

confluent spots at fold and hindmargin (in the single known $ an almost complete

median band formed by the partial coalescence of the two parts) ; postmedian

series double, the proximal series large, roundish, placed on the veins, the distal

rather smaller, more transversely elongate, interneural, that in cellule 6 often

wanting ; terminal spots rather heavy, somewhat crescentic.

Underside similar.

Malay Peninsula : Mount Tahan (J. Waterstradt), 4 cJ J, 1 $, in coll.

Tring Mus.

39. Abraxas prosthetocneca sp. n.

cJ$, 42-45 mm. Nearest ditritaria Walk. (1862). Antennal cihation in

(J 1 (in ditritaria minute). Face with narrow orange bar below. Fillet without

orange scaling in front.

Forewing still more highly glossy and bluish than in ditritaria ; costal edge

ochre- yellow, succeeded by some irregular whitish-bufiE maculation across middle

of wing and a more definite band at above 3-4 mm. from termen, attenuated

anteriorly. Both wings with the ceU-spot and postmedian dashes obsolete.

Underside similar, costal margin more brightly orange.

S. India : Madura district, March-June 1906 (H. Campbell), type in coll.

Tring Mus. Also from the Palni HiUs in other collections and a $ from Peer-

maad, Travancore in coll. Tring Mus.

Has been inexcusably mixed with ditritaria.

40. Drymoea hesperoides Walk.

Dioptis {Drymoea) hesperoides Walk., List Lep. Ins. Br. Mus. ii. 323 (1854) (New Granada).

Little attention seems to have been paid to the interesting geographical

variation of this species. With an excellent series before me I work it out as

follows :

(a) D. h. hesperoides Walk. Forewing with elongate white spot behind

cell rather large and clear, but not crossing fold ; discal spot generally rather

48 NOVITATES ZOOLOOIOAE XXXII. 1925.

large, especially in cellule 4, nearly always entering cellule 5. Colombia to E.

and S. Ecuador.

In the rare aberration.? in wliich the discal spot is reduced, the proximal

spot shares this tendency ; thus no single individual could be mistaken for the

following race.

(6) D. h. pajambeusis subsp. n. Forewing with elongate wliite spot broad-

ened so as to cross fold ; discal spot much reduced, generally consisting merely

of a large dot in cellule 4, sometimes with a minute and obscure supplementary

one in cellule 5. Paramba, N.W. Ecuador, a very long series in various collec-

tions. Type in coll. Tring Mus.

(c) D. h. miimaculata Bnt\. {Cist. EiU. ii. 110, 1876). Forewing with elongate

white spot obsolete above, rather small beneath ; discal spot enlarged. E. Peru.

((/) D. h. resurgeus subsp. n. Rather smaller than h. unimaculata. Forewing

above with elongate white spot behind cell faintly reappearing, but narrowed,

nearly always more or less irrorated with dark scales ; discal spot nearly as large

as in h. unimaculata. Bolivia, the type from Charaplaya, 65° W., 16° S., 1,300 m.,

June 1901 (Simons). Also from Carabaya, S.E. Peru.

The $ of this species still awaits discovery.

41. Milionia polytropa sp. n.

(J, 52-00 mm. Eye not hauy. Head and thorax black, shot with blue

(brightest on face, patagia and tegulae). Abdomen black, the first and seventh-

tenth segments entirely so, the intervening segments with more or less developed

orange anterior bands dorsall}' and laterally, but very variable ; those on the

second and third nearly always complete (though constricted in middle), the rest

often interrupted in middle or more or less obsolete. Legs dark-grey, the fore-

tibia and tarsus black. Hindtibia not dilated.

Foi'ewing elongate, narrow, costal margin faintly sinuous (much as in

websteri Rothsch. (J, or with the convexity beyond middle rather more pro-

nounced), apex rounded, termen long and very oblique, rounded anteriorly,

straighter posteriorly ; black ; a variable oblique band from SC near end of

cell towards distal end of hindmargin, but terminating about SM- ; this band

typically white, more or less suffused (at least at its edges) with bluish grey or

plumbeous, its width at vein M varying from 2 to 4 mm. ; in a second form orange-

chrome or vermilion, on an average broader (especially in the orange-banded

forms), but again varying ; in 2 (J (J wanting, the wing unicolorous black.

Hindwing with termen weakly sinuous (about as in websteri) ; black.

Underside similar, the forewing posteriorly greyer, the hindwing with an

elongate patch of greyish (in one ab. yellowish, in form 2 orange, in form 3 obsoles-

cent) scaling on SM= near tornus ; the band of forewing in form 2 more orange

than above.

$, 60-65 mm. Abdomen with the orange always restricted, sometimes

with one belt complete, often with only broken lateral remnants. Wings less

narrow, the margins not sinuous.

Forewing in forms 1 and 2 with the band broad (on M 4-5 mm.), in addition

with a small, oblique, generally pear-shaped subapical band (between SC' or

SC and R') of the same colour and sometimes with a dot close to tornus.

Hindwing in form 2 with a concolorous (orange-chrome) radial patch well outside

NOVITATES ZOOLOGIOAE XXXII. 1925. 49

cell ; in form 1 either with a similar (but clear orange) patch, or with a larger

one of the same colour, tapering proximally so as to embrace, near its pointed

end, a large black cell-spot, or with a large or smaller creamy or maize-yellow

patch simOarly exhibiting the black cell-spot.

Underside corresponding to upper, the discolorous patches at abdominal

margin of hindwing variable.

New Ireland, November 1923-February 1924 (A. F. Eichhorn), a good series

in coll. Tring Mus.

A very distinct species, though clearly belonging to the same structure group

as websteri Rothsch. (1897), meforana Rothsch. (1897), etc., which will probably,

on revision, be removed from true Milionia. Further minor variation occurs in

the hindwing of a few (JcJ of form 2, either in the reproduction above of the

abdominal patch of underside or in the presence, on both surfaces, of an orange

dash on radial fold.

42. Milionia plesiobapta sp. n.

^, 49-04 mm. Eye shghtly hairy. Hindtibia dilated, with rather strong

hair-pencil ; abdominal spine rather long, moderately slender. Head pre-

dominantly metallic blue, tip of palpus blue-black. Thorax blue-black, the

patagia and tegulae metallic blue. Abdomen above broadly belted with metallic

blue, which in some lights appears bronzy green ; posterior segments blue-black,

and tuft above Ught buff.

Foreiving black, with deep blue reflections, which become strongest distally ;

base shot with metallic blue ; an orange band, often mixed with scarlet, or even

predominantly scarlet, near base, somewhat variable in shape and width, its

proximal edge at costa usually 2 or 3 mm. from base, sometimes less, at SM

usually 4 or 5 mm. out, thence usually retracted to hindmargin, but in one example

continuing oblique outward ; its distal edge obUque outward from about one

third costa (or less), crossing M at, or proximally to, the origin of M-, about

SM- a little recurved, its course otherwise fairly direct except for a small tooth

or outward bend just behind M. Hindwing with the bar continued, but always

orange (slightly paler), never mixed with scarlet, its distal edge usually with

a pronounced tooth at radial fold just outside cell ; extreme abdominal margin

and fringe remaining black at end of band.

Underside similar, the band on both wings orange ; an apical patch of modi-

fied scaling on hindwing slightly greyer than the rest.

New Ireland, December 1923-March 1924 (A. F. Eichhorn), a short series

in coll. Tring Mus.

In a few examples the costal edge of the forewing remains more or less

blackened in front of the band. In one, a black cell-spot on the hindwing is

almost entirely free from the black border.

43. Craspedosis emestina gyroleuca subsp. n.

cJ?. Abdomen in both sexes black to the end of the third tergite, herein

reverting to the coloration of e. sohria Walk. (Ceram), whereas the other

eastern races have only two somites blackened, at least in the cJ^J, and the two

colours not always so sharply defined. Both wings with the white spot relatively

broader, its proximal edge more convex ; that of forewing 4 or 5 mm. wide at

R' and M', that of hindwing always ample, but not reaching the abdominal margin.

4

gQ NOVTTATES EOOLOOICAE XXXII. 1925,

New Ireland, January-February 1924 (A. F. Eichhorn), 3 ^<S, 2 ??, in

coll. Tring Mus.

In occasional aberrations of c. schislacina Warr. (1S9C, New Guinea) —

which is not certainly separable from e. aruensis Pagenst. (ISSG) — the white

patches approach the form of those of e. gyroleuca, and the abdomen shows a

little dark suffusion on the third somite, but I have before me, in a very ample

series, no specimen which could be confused.

44. Hylemera rebuti (Pouj.)-

Liparia (?) rebuti Pouj., BvU. Soc. Ent. Fr. (6) ix. p. Ixiii (1889) (Madagascar).

The type of this species, which is still catalogued among the Liparidae by

Swinhoe in 1923 {An7i. Mag. Nat. Hist. (9), xi. 425), but obviously without first-

hand knowledge, is in the Tring Museum, through what channel received is not

now traceable. Although not labelled as '" type," it bears the label in Poujade's

handwriting exactly as pubUshed, and on the reverse side of the label a note

" genre voisin des Hylemera," also as published (p. Ixiv). The description is

very exact, though it was surely not necessary to say that it 'appears from an

inspection of the frenulum " to be a ?, seeing that the sex is confirmed (if any

confirmation were needed!) by an appreciable extrusion of the ovipositor. The

tongue, however, was probably overlooked and the significance of the venation

ignored ; this is altogether that of Hylemera (with R- of forewing arising much

before middle of DC), to which genus, as at present understood, it clearly belongs.

45. Hypochrosis recensata sp. n.

^, 41-50 mm. ; $, 48-56 mm. Closely similar to incensata Walk. (List

Lep. Ins. xxvi. 152(1, Aru) = discoloraria Walk, (op. cit. xxxv. 1566, New Guinea)

= poecila Pagenst. {J.B. Nass. Ver. Nat. xxxix. 152, t. x. f. 3, Aru and New

Guinea) ; nearly always larger.

Forewing relatively longer and narrower, the costa being rather less arched

distally, apex more acute, termen more oblique, generally straighter, at least in

the cj ; coloration on an average rather deeper purple, suffused with greenish

between central band and apex (approaching the colouring of peimeata Prout,

infra) ; midcostal black spot nearly always large and strong ; the green band

nearly always narrow anteriorly, without the " heel " on the base of M> which

so commonly gives to that of incensata a foot-and-leg-shape, on the other hand

almost always with a small central prong at its distal side (on M-), foreshadowing

the special development of typical bifurcata Warr. (Nov. Zool, x. 408) ; post-

median line olive-brown, more uniformly developed throughout than that of

incensata, its angulation at SC rather acute, its course thence rather straight,

the blackening where it meets the green band very slight. Hindwing with

apex more acute than in incensata, termen almost straight ; the green band nearly

always narrow, its distal black edging fine.

Forewing beneath brightly coloured and sharply marked, generally with

a more banded appearance than that of incensata, the orange-yellow ground

more markedly preponderating over the red suffusions, especially in proximal

area, the median band rather dark piu-ple-grey, a purple-grey line generally well

developed just proximal to the grey marginal shade ; marginal shade never (as

in some incensata) continuous, but always interrupted in middle (generally

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXII. 1925. 61

very sharply) by a reddish patch. Hind wing with the terminal dark patches

on an average smaller than those of incensata, the tornal receding from termen

anteriorly (between the median veins).

British New Guinea: Biagi (loc. typ.), Upper Aroa River, Kumusi River,

Hydrographer Mountains, Milne Bay ; Dutch New Guinea : Kapaur, Arfak

Mountains, Mount Goliath, Humboldt Bay ; north-east New Guinea : Stephansort,

Sattelberg ; D'Entrecasteaux Islands ; Louisiades ; Vulcan Island.

Where this species and incensata occur together, the shape is generally the

best distinction, but the Louisiade forms of recensata (race ?) are confusingly

full-winged and small. The .species has passed as incensata, but the true incensata

Walk, is the 9 of discoloraria. Lord Rothschild [Lep. Br. Orn. Un. Exped., p. 85)

is quite correct in merging the Wollaston series, but unfortunately a gross mis-

determination had until recently been left uncorrected in coll. Brit. Mus,, dis-

coloraria being labelled " cryplopyrrhata Walk. " ; for the true cryptopyrrhata see

Swinh., Cat. Lep. Het. Oxf. Mus. ii. 242.

46. Hypochrosis permeata sp. n.

(J, 40-42 mm. ; $, 45-50 mm. (Hose to recensata Prout (supra). Ground-

colour shghtly darker and more slate-grey (less purple). Forewing with an

extended apical .suffusion of pale olive-green or oUve-buff. only sejiarated from

the green band by a fine dark thread on DC, tapering to a point at apex and

marked by the rather well-developed postmedian costal spot and the faintly

traceable postmedian line ; beneath sharply bicoloured, the orange ground

occupying most of proximal area (except behind submedian fold) and a large

costal triangle between discal band and apex, its apex resting on M'. Hindwing

with termen scarcely so straight as in recensata ; dark marginal markings beneath

ample.

Dutch New Guinea : Upper Setekwa River, 2,000 - 3,000 feet, August —

September 1910, 7 ^^, 2 $$, very constant.

47. Hypochrosis viridifascia (Warr.).

Capasa viridifascia Warr., Nov. Zool. iii. 415 (1896) (Humboldt Bay, Dutch New Guinea).

Swinhoe {Cat. Lep. Het. Oxf. Mus. ii. 343) sinks this to discoloraria Walk.

I cannot agree. The very different ground-colour, narrower and sUghtly in-

curved green band of hindwing, intensification and different arrangement of the

black markings, suppression of all the subordinate markings of upperside and

presence of a central band on hindwing beneath mark it oft' abundantly. The

seven examples which I have seen from Humboldt Bay scarcely vary at all.

There are also in the Tring Museum two subspecies which Mr. Warren did not

differentiate, one of wliich has been subsequently described as a species, while

the other is still unpublished,

H. V. prouti B.-Bak., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) xvi. 196 (1015). Ground-

colour much less pure drab-grey, more mixed with isabella-colour (at least in

the low-altitude specimens at Tring) ; costal edge of forewing proximally bright

orange ; first costal black spot more vertical (less oblique outward) ; black band

of hindwing often thickened ; forewing beneath with the costal yellow colour

more strongly suffusing also the cell.

British New Guinea : Ekeikei and Mount Kebea. 4,000 and 0.000 ft. (coll.

B. -Baker) ; Lower Aroa River, Kumusi River (low elevation) (coll. Tring Mus.).

52 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXII. 1925.

H. V. latentifascia subsp. n. (^. Similar to the preceding, but still more

variegated, tlie postmedian line and some proximal shading on the forewing

showing in dark piirple-grey ; green band of forewing widened, but very pale

and vague ; band of hindwing beneath weak, slender or almost entirely obsolete.

Sudest Island (Meek and Eichhorn), a good series in coll. Tring Mus.

I suspect that H. chlorosticha Tm-n. {Proc. Linn. Soc. N. Sth. Wales, xlii.

381) may prove another subspecies; the "fuscous median fascia" of hind-

wing beneath would suggest it, but the description of the upperside leaves one in

doubt. I saw Dr. Turner" .s type several years ago, but unfortunately had not

then studied the group in any detail and accepted a mischievous " lumping " in

the British Museum collection. Moreover, I owe my correspondent an apology

for a further lapsus, having, I gather, written cryptor/iodata for cryptopyrrhata

(loc. cit. 382). On the misidentification of Walker's species, see under recensata

Prout (supra).

48. Fascellina meligerys sp. n.

(J, 40 mm. Antenna slightly serrate ; tufts of cilia slightly over 1. Head

and body concolorous with wings ; pectus yellow, venter rosy.

Forewing with apex less acute than typical, tornus not excised ; coloration

a soft blend of olive-green and violet, the former apparently the groimd-colour

but almost entirely supplanted by the violet shading in the proximal area, except

for a longitudinal streak in cell, and in the distal, except for some slight shading

near apex and vague central maculation in posterior half ; lines vaguely darker

olivaceous, sUghtly more brownish, the antemedian very indistinct, formed

much as in chromataria Walk., the median weak, meeting the postmedian at

hindmargin (the space between these two very sUghtly darkened), the postmedian

rather nearer the termen than in chromataria (more as in inornata Warr), rendered

distinct by a fine, somewhat interrupted whitish Une which accompanies it dis-

tally, its course nearly as in inornata ; some whitish admixture at end of costa and

in posterior half of distal area ; fringe rufescent. Hindwing not excised

apically ; predominantly olive as far as the postmedian line, but mixed with

violet at abdominal margin ; antemedian line wanting ; median chiefly indicated

as boundary of the narrow darkened space proximaUy to postmedian ; post-

median at least as sinuous as in chromataria, accompanied distaUy by a fine

whitish line ; distal area predominantly violet, somewhat mottled ; fringe

rufescent.

Forewing beneath bright orange, becoming more reddish in posterior part

of distal area and with strong violet suffusion along hindmargin and some slighter

suffusions distally ; a violet- whitish apical spot ; the three lines dark, subobsolete

costally. the median marked with a rather conspicuous white dot in cellule 4.

Hindwing bright orange, with highly sinuous purple-red postmedian line and a

characteristic series of vein-dots in place of the subterminal line which is normal

in the genus.

Selangor : Kuala Lumpur, Gombak Valley, at light, October 23, 1921,

type in coll. Brit. Mus., jDresented by the Federated Malay States Museum ;

Peninsular Siam : Nakon Sri Tamarat, Khao Ram, at light, 750 ft., March 2,

1922, paratype in coll Fed. Malay States Mua. ; both collected by Mr. H. M.

Peudlebury.

NOVITATES ZoOLOGICAE XXXII. 1925. 53

49. Fascellina cydra sp. n.

(J, 45 mm. Head dull dark purple. Palpus beneath and at base orange,

partly tinged with red. Antennal shaft purplish ; fascicles of cilia about 1.

Thorax and abdomen above dull purple ; beneath bright orange, parts of the

pectus a little yellower. Femora and tibiae orange, tarsi mostly darkened.

Forewing with termen slightly more oblique than in chromataria Walk. ;

gently curved, not excised behind M% hindmargin smooth ; colour nearly as in

that species or a little lighter and more variegated, the purplish tone more

pronounced, the oUve and russet wash between median and postmedian lines

anteriorly to R' cleaner, the pale midcostal patch considerably larger ; no white

cell-marks ; antemedian line distinct, blackish, very acutely angled outward just

behind SC, slightly dentate outward behind SM- : an elongate olive patch in

end of cell anteriorly ; median line vague, straightish, thickened to a shade in

anterior half ; postmedian much as in chromataria, the anterior projection longer,

the two behind R' slighter ; subterminal line indicated in posterior half, with

some irregular shading proximally.. Hiiulwing with termen straight or ex-

tremely slightly concave between C and SC- (not excised) ; paler than forewing

(especially in an ill-defined central band) with the oUve shadings predominant,

the purple chiefly confined to basal and tornal regions, and paler suffusions in

other parts of distal area ; postmedian double line (dark proximally, white

distally) sharply expressed, very much more sinuous than in chromataria, the

inward curve at radials being deep, the outward double lobe at M' pronounced ;

fringe and part of termen darkened as in chromataria.

Forewing beneath with the light violet postmedian line far more produced

than in chromataria (even more than in rectimarginata Warr.), the posterior side

of the projection running straight along R> for 5 mm., its end (in cellule 6) about

1 mm. from termen, its anterior side strongly oblique and slightly curved ; costal

region very broadly yellow except at apex, cut (at about three-fifths costa)

by a tawny band which terminates in a dark blotch between DC and postmedian ;

posterior part of wing variegated with yellow, ochreous, tawny and violaceous ;

apical region with the pale violet more prevalent. Hindwing orange-ochreous,

with more rufous, highly .sinuous postmedian line (much as in aurifera Warr.,

Nov. ZooL. iv. 118, and meligenjs Prout, supra) and subterminal row of large

dots as in the preceding species ; fringe dark.

Celebes : Tawaya, N. of Palos Bay, August-September 1896 (W. Doherty),

2 (?(? (type) ; Kalewara, Central Celebes, August 18, 1912 (Dr. Martin), 1 S.

All in coll. Tring Mus.

Most like a giant aurifera Warr. (Borneo and Malay Peninsula), but very

different on forewing beneath.

50. Epifidonia absona pyrsa subsp. n.

(J. Forewing more red-brown (less darkened) than in a. absona Swinh.

(Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1889, p. 427). Hindwing with the fiery red costal area

less irrorated, much more extended, entering the cell and reaching or crossing

R> except apically, where it ends about at SC-. Underside, less strongly dark-

clouded than in a. absona, the green patch behind end of cell of hindwing greatly

reduced.

Assam : Naga Hills, 5,000-8,000 ft., July-August 1889 (W. Doherty), 3 cJc?

in coll. Tring Mus. (type). Burma : Kabru (Manipur), 2 <JcJ in coll. Brit. Mus,

54 NOVITATES ZOOLOOIOAE XXXII. 1925.

51. Elphos nimia sp. n.

" Elphos hymenaria " Warr., Xov. Zool. i. (1894) (nee Guen.).

" Elphos pardicelata race megaspilata Wan.," Hmpsn., Fatm. Ind. Moths, hi. 250 (1895) (in err.).

cJ?, 99-110 mm.

(J. Larger and darker than pardicelata Walk, (with more of the " purplish

fuscous " shading) ; antennal pectinations less long ; abdomen beneath buff,

not whitish ; cell-spots much smaller ; lines more deeply lunulate-dentate ;

the whitish line which distally accompanies the postmedian more expanded at

costa of forewing ; hindwing with termen more deeply dentate. Underside

much less white than in pardicelata, the forewing almost wholly occupied by

the confluent dark maculation and with an almost solid dark terminal band, the

hindwing also with a good deal of dark maculation and with a terminal dark

band enclosing distal-marginal interneural T^hite spots (those between the radials

small).

$. Much more mixed with white than the q, but retaining much more

brown than pardicelata $, notably a broader and brighter median shade, a shade

proximally to the postmedian and a less interrupted terminal band ; further

differing from pardicelata in the thicker black postmedian teeth, broader white

costal mark beyond, smaller cell-spots, more irrorated underside, more dentate

hindwing, etc.

N. India : Sikkim, Bhutan, Khasis, the type from Rikisum, British Bhutan,

7,000 ft. (H. J. Elwes) in coll. Tring Mus.

Through what mental aberrations Hampson made this " the eastern race "

of the very distinct pardicelata (wliich has a similar but wider range) or confounded

it with megaspilata Warr, (pardicelata ab.), I am at a loss to imagine, except that

these are the only two Indian Elphos with " vein 10 from the cell." ' Warren's

misidentification of hymenaria (Nov. Zool. i. 431) is much more excusable, but

by Guence's size indication and his figure of the $ I take it to be certainly pro-

cellosa Warr., as determined by Hampson.

52. Elphos cavimargo sp. n.

(3', 83-94 mm. Size of average j)ardicelata Walk,, coloration more as in

nimia Prout (supra) or with a little more of the bu(T or ochreous admixture

(closely as in hymenaria vera), Antennal pectinations about as in nimia. Ab-

domen beneath grey, with hardly any tinge of buff,

Forewing with termen almost smooth, slightly less oblique than in nimia,

with a ver}' faint (sometimes scarcely appreciable) sinuosity between R' and

M' ; SC- from cell (16 examples examined) ; markings closely as in )iimia and

hymenaria, but with a characteristic white or whitish spot between R' and M>

outside the subterminal line ; fringe chequered with white. — • — Hindwing appre-

ciably narrower than in the allies, termen much less dentate than in nimia,

notably at SC- and posteriori}' to R', with a very characteristic, though not very

deep, excavation between R' and R' ; markings about as in nimia.

Forewing beneath much as in nimia, but with the dark border rather broader,

' This venation is not ab.solutely constant, though an excellent general guide. In examining

a large number of both Bpecies I have found a very occasional example of eacli in wliicli .SC^ is connate

to just stalked. In E. insueta But]., from Japan and W. China, it is still more unstable.

NOVITATES ZOOLOOIOAI; XXXII. 1925. 55

about as in hymenaria and similarly with white spots at apex, in cellule 3 and

at tornus, their respective development, however, different — in hymenaria larger

at apex, small in cellule 3, in cavimargo vice versa. Hindwing mucli as in nimia

or a little darker — transitional towards hymenaria.

North Borneo : Kina Balu (J. Waterstradt), 24 c?c? in coll. Tring Mus.

53. Medasina oblivia sp. n.

<^, 48 mm. Head dark brown, mixed — especially on vertex — with white.

Palpus shortish-moderate, the projecting hair beneath first joint whitish, second

joint stout, densely scaled, externally dark, around the minute third joint wliitish.

Antenna with pectinations long and rather lax, apical one-fourth merely subserrate

with short bristles. Body above dark browTi, somewhat mixed with white, a

narrow white belt across base of abdomen ; beneath hghter brown. Foreleg

partly blackened, the dark tarsus light-ringed ; hindleg pale, the hair of the

femur almost white, the tibia much dilated, with a strong light-brown, white-

mixed hair-pencil, the terminal spurs short.

Forewing with SC'- coincident, connected by a short bar (running backward

from about opposite base of SCS 1 remnant of the true SC') with C ; fovea not

strong ; white, mostly obscured by coarse brown irroration and brown clouds ;

proximal area almost entirely clouded : antemedian line dark fuscous, from costa

at 6 mm, to hindmargin at 4 mm., slightly excurved anteriorly, then oblique

inward, with a slight indentation at fold ; median shade arising just proximal to

the dark cell-spot, thick anteriorly, fusing with some dark shading around the

cell-spot, inbent between this and fold (almost reaching base of M"), indented

on SM- ; postmedian slight, chieflj' expressed by outward teeth or dashes on the

veins, the lunules between being sometimes scarcely noticeable ; stronger

anteriorly (where it forms a deep inward bend in cellule 6 and is accompanied

distaUy by dark clouding) and posteriorly (where it closely approaches the

median and is accompanied distally by a large but not sharply defined dark spot) ;

terminal area broadly clouded except between R" and M*, the subterminal visible

on the cloud as whitish dots with dark ones touching their distal side ; termen

with weak interneural spots ; fringe brown, somewhat mixed with white.

Hindwing as far as the postmedian wliite, with fine brown irroration, a rather

large black cell-spot and a thin, faint wavy line well proximal thereto ; post-

median httle beyond middle, lunulate-dentate (the teeth rather long and sharp),

thick anteriorly, strongly outbent between the radials ; distal area much as on

forewing, but with broader, more continuous, wavy subterminal, which is dark-

shaded proximally and only interrupted by the central pale patch.

Underside white, \^ijth black- brown markings, strongly recalUng obliterata

Moore (1867) ; distinguishable at once from that — apart from individual varia-

bihty in the size of the terminal (on hindwing subterminal) patches — by the

presence of an interrupted postmedian band on forewing, consisting of thick

subconfluent vein-streaks from costa to R- and sUghter well-separated ones on

M', M- and SM', and of antemedian and (larger) postmedian costal spots on

hindwing.

Assam : ShUlong, a few examples in coll. Tring Mus., col). L, B. Prout et

coll. Agric. Res. Inst. Pusa, the type in the first-named, dated May 1893.

Apparently not common and strangely overlooked by Warren as an ab. of

obliterata. That species has " 11 out of 12 free," this " U out of 12 running

56 NOVTTATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXII. 1925.

quickly into 10," each constant in every example examined. " Lassaba " sub-

decorata Warr. (1897) show.s the venation of oblivin. which may possibly be

a shorter-winged race of it, generally with more white, subterminal bands of

hindwing beneath broader, etc.

A race (?) from Sikkim, rather larger and much less densely irrorated, is

represented by a single (J ex coll. Elwes and presumably 2 (J (J (without locality

label) ex coll. Felder, the latter quite erroneously labelled contaminata Moore.

54. Hemerophila subterminalis sp. n.

1^?, 36-40 mm. Superficially nearest humeraria Moore (1867), except in

its much smaller size. Hindtibia much less heavily dilated, the hair-pencil

without the blackish admixture. Face with the dark upper part less extended.

Forewing witli termen slightlj' less crenulate, slightly less oblique posteriorly ;

tone a little less reddish brown ; median line stronger ; subterminal rather

more discernible on the dark subtornal cloud. Hindwing with termen less

deeplj- dentate, especially at the medians ; subterminal area more marked, the

brown line which succeeds the postmedian being followed by a pale line, this

again by a narrow blackish shade which bounds the subterminal proximally ;

the subterminal itself fine, defined distally by a brown line.

N. India: Khasis, 2 ^^, 1 ?, including the type, all in coD. Tring Mus. ;

Darjiling (F. MoUer), (J in coll. Tring Mus., 1 (J in coll. L. B. Prout.

55. Cleora hemiphanes sp. n.

(J, 40 mm. Related to variegata Moore {Lep. Coll. Atk. p. 240), though con-

siderably larger. Palpus rather longer (almost 2), with relatively longer terminal

joint. Antennal pectinations slightly longer and continued a little further (to

the 40th joint, including the rudimentary ones). Hindleg about as in variegata

(tibial hair-pencil strong, tarsus scarcely one-half tibia).

Forewing with the fovea not quite as extreme as in variegata ; SC' very

shortly stalked with SC-, anastomosing with C ; predominantly reddish brown

with Vjlack irroration and markings, more recalling the tone of megaspilaria

Moore (Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, p. 629) than of variegata ; antemedian line regularly

double, excurved anteriorl}^, angled inward at M and slightly at SM- ; median

rather thick, curved rather than angled round the cell-mark, with which it is

made confluent by black shading ; the pale band between median and postmedian

more ochreous than in variegata, brightest between the radials, obsolescent at

both ends ; subterminal sUght. Hindwing with costal margin arched proxi-

mally, but less highly than in variegata ; more bufi than in that species, becoming

ochreous posteriorly, recalling megaspilaria Moore or semiclarata Walk. ; ab-

dominal margin marked much as in variegata ; proximal area slightly sufiused

with grey ; postmedian line reduced to vein-dots from R' hindwards, not very

oblique at abdominal margin ; subterminal and its dark shade only developed

in posterior part.

Underside more ochreous than in variegata, proximally more clouded, the

band beyond median shade cleaner, the dark border less solid on forewing,

obsolete on hindwing.

Java : Mount Gedeh, 8,000 ft., June 25, 1910 (E. A. Cockayne). Type

in coll. L. B. Prout.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXII. 1925. 67

56. Cleora semipullata sp. n.

(J, 35 mm. In build, texture and general coloration closely akin to semialba

Moore {Lep. Coll. Atk. p. 241). Antennal pectinations slightly longer.

Forewing (as in semialba) with SC' and SC= both free ; more strongly clouded

with blackish than in semialba, leaving pale a very narrow, ill-defined, curved

band between median and postmedian lines, recalling imbecilis Moore (I.e.) ;

cell-mark, antemedian and median lines little differentiated on the darkened

wing, the antemedian apparently as in semialba, the median rather thick, more

regularly curved round the cell-mark (less oblique anteriorly, less angled behind

R') ; postmedian dots fairly large : midterminal pale spot rather small and ill-

defined. Hindwing distinguishable at a glance from that of semialba by having

the elongate cell-spot larger, a smoky median shade from BC, broadening to

abdominal margin, and a broader, blacker terminal band, anteriorly reaching

the postmedian, posteriorly tapering gradually, enclosing close to tornus a pale

subterminal mark ; the space between postmedian and subterminal suffu.sed

with pale ochreous.

Underside distinguished by the broader blackish borders, reduced mid-

terminal spot of hindwing, increased markings on hmdwing (much as above)

and suffused forewing from base to median shade anteriorly to M and M=.

Pahang, F.M.S. : Fraser's Hill, 4,000 ft., at light, August 29. 1923 (M. R.

Henderson). Type in coll. Brit. Mus., presented by the Federated Malay States

Museum.

A broad-banded race (?) of semialba from Tonkin (one example in coll.

Tring Mus.) is in some measure intermediate. From dark forms in the variegaia

group, the present species differs in its longer and slenderer abdomen, rather

longer abdominal margin of hindwing, rather smoother scaling and more sharply

defined dark borders.

57. Cleora pammicra sp. n.

(J, 18 mm. Face smooth, white-grey. Palpus scarcely over 1, rough-

scaled ; dark-mixed on outer side, the small terminal joint white-grey. Vertex

whitish, mixed with brown. Anteimal pectinations short (about 2), relatively

rather widely spaced, reaching to about the 25th jomt, the apical two-fifths

(approximately) merely shortly cihated. Thorax and abdomen whitish, mixed

with brown ; abdomen with ill-defined paired blackish dorsal spots. Legs dark-

mixed, with whitish rings at ends of joints ; hindtibia with hair-pencil.

Forewing with termen smooth, httle curved, moderately obUque ; SC' weak,

running into C ; fovea large ; white, with coarse black-brown irroration, in

places (especially in basal and distal areas) confluent into dark shades ; cell-dot

large, black ; lines blackish ; antemedian excurved in cell, then oblique inward ;

mcflian thickened at costa, more or less confluent with cell-spot, then rather

slight, gently incurved between cell-spot and fold (or SM=) ; postmedian accen-

tuated by black dots or minute dashes on the veins, about parallel with median

nearer to this than to termen, a Uttle excurved before the gentle inward curve

(i.e. about Ri-R=) ; distal area with an ill-defined pale patch about R' and M'

(caused by weakening of irroration) and an irregularly crenulate, posteriorly

broad white subterminal line ; terminal line black, thickened into interneural

dots ; fringe mottled. Hindwing with termen httle crenulate, a very shallow

concavity between the radials : coloured as forewing ; sUghtly less irrorated

58 NOVTTATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXII. 1925.

proximally and costally ; cell-dot rather large ; an ill-defined line proximal to

it ; postmedian formed much as on forewing, weak costally ; distal area rather

more weakly marked than on forewing.

Underside similar ; forewing rather more blurred ; hindwing with cell-dot

strengthened.

Pahang, F.M.S. : Cameron's Highlands, at light, No. 4 camp, 4,800 ft.

October 12, 1923 (H. M, Pendlebury), type in coll. Brit. Mus., paratype in coll.

Fed. Malay States Mus.

Possibly related to polysticta Hmpsn. (Journ. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc. xiv. 507,

but still smaller, shorter- winged, with shorter pectinations, etc. etc. Closer to

concinna Warr. {Nov. Zool. xiii. 139).

58. Boarmia glochinophora sp. n.

" Boarmia reparala Walk." ^, Hmpsn., Faun. Ind. Moths, iii. 269 (1895) (in err.).

(J, 42-48 mm. Face and palpus black-brown ; vertex and a slight fringe of

scales over upper part of face pale. Antennal pectinations long, inclined to

curve. Thorax and abdomen concolorous with wings. Hindtibia dilated, with

pale brown hair-pencil.

Forewing less elongate than in cineracea Moore (Lep. Coll. Atk. p. 244) ; SC'

and SC- long-stalked, their stalk connected by backward bar with C ; fovea not

very strong ; brown, with brighter brown and sparse black irroration, a shade

of the brighter brown outside the postmedian ; cell-spot rather large, sharply

black ; lines much as in cineracea but sUghtly less oblique posteriorly, post-

median with its lunules brownish, not very distinct, its outward teeth on the

other hand sharp, black-tipped ; proximal fiUing-in of subterminal blacker-mixed

than in cineracea ; subterminal itself often whiter, commonly with some black

interneural dots on its outer edge ; terminal black dots rather large. Hindiving

with extreme base whitish, then concolorous with forewing ; much black irrora-

tion between base and cell-spot ; cell-spot minutely pale-pupilled ; postmedian

line blacker than in cineracea, slightly more proximal, more incurved between

R' and SM- ; markings beyond much as on forewing.

Underside rather lighter, browner and more sharply marked than in

cineracea, rather recalUng a brownish separata Walli. {LiH Lep. Ins. xxi. 381) ;

ceU-spot of forewing very large and black ; postmedian of hindwing sharply

bent in the middle almost as in lioptilaria Swinh {Fasc. Malay. Zool. i. 91).

Khasis, fairly common, January, February, March, AprU, November ;

type March 1894, in coll. Tring Mus.

Walker's type of reparata is a $ of a scarcer, narrower- winged species with

the markings much more like those of costaria Guen. [Spec. Oen. Lep. ix. 242).

59. Boarmia (Catoria) alBnis sp. n.

Catoria a/pnis Warr., MS. in coll. Tring Mus.

^J, 3(5 mm. Face with a black band above middle, whitish below. Palpus

less tlian H; white, mixed with brown-grey, outerside blackened. Vertex

whitish. Antennal pectinations about 0, moderately stout, mostly only cleft

at the extreme tips (two or three of the proximal ones cleft to base). Thorax

and abdon^en whitish brown-grey, the abdomen dorsally with ill-defined pairs

of spots on the first segments. Legs pale, the foreleg somewhat darkened above.

Hindtibia with hair-pencil.

NOVITATES ZoOLOGICAE XXXII. 1925. 59

Forewing rather narrow, apex pointed, termen strongly oblique ; SC'-'

coincident, anastomosing slightly with C (type) or connected by minute bar,

afterwards connected by weak bar with SO'* ; white, irrorated and suffused with

olive-brownish, a vague whitish band remaining proximally to the postmedian

and some ill-defined spots in distal area ; markings as in the allies (sublavaria

Guen , olivescens Moore, etc.). Hhulwing with the cell-spot annular, as in

oUvescens, the dentate median line proximal thereto rather strongly darkened

and succeeded by a characteristic dark shade between this and abdominal margin ;

the area between these and the postmedian almost clear ; postmedian and mark-

ings beyond as in the allies, the postmedian not much bent in middle.

Underside suffused and marked nearly as in the allies, the darker distal area

not very broad, not sharply defined, the apical and midterminal patches of fore-

wing sharply white ; cell-spot of hindwing obsolescent.

$ rather whiter, distinguishable from sublavaria by its smaller size and the

annular cell-mark of hindwing.

Malay Peninsula: Penang, 1896 (Curtis), type in coll. Tring Mus. ; Singa-

pore, November 15, 1922, coll. Raffles Mus , etc. ; also from Engano, in coll.

Tring Mus,

In spite of slight differences in the antenna (irregular in the whole group),

slightly acuter apex and other small distinctions, this may prove a race of

hemiprosopa Turn. (1904) ; material is needed from the Sunda Islands, etc.

60. Ectropis euneisparsa sp. n.

cJ, 48 mm. Face with small projecting cone of scales ; brown. Palpus

blackish on outer side. Vertex brown. Thorax and abdomen above concolorous

with forewing, beneath paler, with some dark admixture in front of pectus ;

abdomen rather slender. Hindtibia not dilated.

Forewing with SC'-' long-stalked, from cell ; pale brown with an olivaceous

tinge and with coarse black-brown irroration ; costal edge with dark dots or

minute strigulae ; lines black-brown, marked with blacker wedge-shaped dashes

on the veins ; antemedian and postmedian formed much as in the bistortata

group, but with the duplicating shades on the proximal and distal side respec-

tively strengthened, that of the postmedian of a nearly uniform intensity through-

out, throwing into stronger relief the dentate pale line which separates it from

the postmedian ; median line less strong, arising well proximally to the cell- spot

and at first obUque inward, but making a very characteristic outward bend in

cell, then becoming again slightly oblique inward (but perhaps as variable as in

bistortata Goeze) ; cell-mark blackish, elongate ; subterminal line much as in

the bistortata group, the proximal dark mark at costa reduced, isolated from the

subcostal wedge, the radial pair rather large, confluent into a horse-shoe mark,

the dark shading behind M' rather broad ; terminal dots very large. Hindwing

much more whitish, except along abdominal and to a less degree along distal

margin ; a large, sUghtly crescentic dark cell-spot ; median line very weak except

in a diffuse dark mark at abdominal margin ; postmedian and markings beyond

much as in bistortata, becoming weak towards apex ; terminal dots large.

Forewing beneath blm-red and suffused, somewhat blotched, only terminally

paler ; cell-spot and subterminal marks discernible ; terminal dots fairly strong.

Hindwing pale, very weakly irrorated ; cell-dot moderate ; no lines ; terminal

dots obsolescent.

60 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXII. 1925.

Java : Mount Gedeh, 8,000 ft., June 25, 1910 (E. A, Cockayne). Type in

coll. L, B. Prout, kindly presented by the discoverer.

61. Ectropis everetti sp. n.

cj, 45 mm. Shape, coloration and facies almost exactly as in well-coloured,

well-marked examples of E. bhurmitra Walk,, distinguished as follows :

Antennal fascicles of ciUa placed on slender pectinations which exceed in

length the diameter of the shaft. Abdominal orifice without spine. Hindtibia

without hair-pencil. Forewing with SC'"' long-stalked, Sc= connected with SC'"' ;

antemedian line slightly more bent, becoming rather more oblique behind ;

cell-mark well developed, slightly elongate ; median shade better marked ; post-

median line less incurved posteriorly, throughout marked with larger dots on

the veins, but with the co.stal one not specially prominent ; the shade beyond

not markedly strengthened at R' and M' ; beneath with the markings perhaps

even more shadowy than in bhurmitra (the hindwing beneath, as in some bhurmitra,

quite unmarked),

Lombok, 4,000 ft., June 1896 (Everett), type in coll. Tring Mus.

62. Ectropis (Ruttelerona) indiligens sp. n.

cJ, 45-48 mm. Almost indistinguishable from lithina Warr. (Nov. Zool.

X. 398, as Paralcis), except that, while the hindtibia retains the hair-pencil (at

least in the great majority of examples), the abdominal spine — well developed

in lithina — is entirely wanting. Rather browner than ordinary lithina, almost

without whitish admixture in median area ; the white patch of forewing in front

of the longitudinal black dash at base of R>, conspicuous in lithina, is generally

ochreous-brownisli, almost concolorous with ground-colotir, thus not noticeable ;

cell-dot of hindwing on an average larger than in lithina.

$ perhaps even darker than that of lithina, not definitely distingtiishable.

British New Guinea : Biagi, Mambare River, 5,000 ft., January and Febru-

ary 1906 (A. S. Meek), a series, including the type ; Angabunga River, 6,000 ft.

and upwards, November 1904 -February 1905 (A. S. Meek), 2 ^S. 2 ??. Type

in coU. Tring Mus.

The genitaUa of both species have been examined by Dr. K, Jordan and

Rev, C, R. N. Barrows, without revealing any difference, but the structural

distinction noted above precludes our treating indiligens as a mere local form of

lithina ; moreover, the type locality of the latter (Upper Aroa River) would not

be expected to produce a separate race from other spots in the same Range.

63. Ectropis (Ruttelerona) lithina kinabalensis, subsp. n.

(J, 52-54 mm. Larger than the name-typical New Guinea race (Warren,

1903), rather browner (with less ohve-grey gloss), some of the dark markings

deeper (more mixed with black), anterior subterminal longitudinal black marks

of forewing more strongly developed, antemedian line of forewing on an average

more acutely angled subcostally, hindering perhaps with larger cell-spot, under-

side with less deep border.

Borneo ; Kina Balu (Waterstradt), 7 <j*(J in coll. Tring Mus., including the

type. Also in coll. Sarawak Mus., coll. L. B. Prout, etc, from the same locality.

KOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXII. 1925. 61

64. Ophthalmodes rufilauta sp. n.

cj, 60 mm. Head wliitish green, with a very faint reddish dot on each side

of face. Palpus tinged with rufous. Body above pale green, with a little rufous

admixture in places, especially on edges of patagia and tegulae.

Forewing pale green {almost olive-yellow), mixed with white (but much less

so than in cordularia Swinh.) ; costa spotted with black at beginnings of Unes

and with black dots or minute dashes between ; markings cinnamon-rufous ;

discal ocellus elongate, a httle bent in middle, tapering behind, slightly blackened

just outside the pale centre ; antemedian line feeble, almost interrupted, weakly

sinuous ; median line with a sharp tooth outward on R', then touching distal

edge of cell-mark, posteriorly incurved, on SM= dentate outward and mixed with

black, on hindmargin mixed with black ; postmedian marked chiefly by teeth

or dashes on the veins, posteriorly oblique mward to approach the median (as

in the alUes, e.g. herbidaria Guen.) ; the space between median and postmedian

from fold to hindmargin cinnamon-rufous ; subterminal rather less deeply dentate

than in pertusaria Feld., its interrupted cloudings similar (or rather stronger

posteriorly and at tornus) but rufous, only marked with black interneural teeth

at radials and at fold ; terminal dots small, the first four (in cellules 7, 6, 5, 4)

mixed with black ; fringe between the veins with rufous clouding, which becomes

more smoky at tips. Hiiidwing concolorous ; cell-mark much smaller ; median

line dark-mixed, acutely dentate outward on SC, then almost straight (or very

fauitly incurved) ; a broad cinnamon-rufous cloud between this and postmedian

weakening costally (much as the blackish band of cordularia) ; postmedian

much as in the aUies ; subterminal appreciably angled at radial fold, the black

markings on its proximal shade almost confined to posterior part ; terminal dots

almost obsolete.

Underside very pale pinJcish buff ; forewing with minute black costal dashes ;

cell-spots black, elongate, on forewing large, on hindwing much smaller ; sub-

terminal band fawn, mixed with black ; that of forewing filled in with buff from

costa to SC", anteriorly about 5 mm. wide, at R- with a blurred distal projection,

posteriorly tapering ; that of hindwing narrower, almost obsolete between 'Rr and

M' ; terminal dots obsolete, except the black ones of forewing, which are faintly

indicated ; fringe of forewing dark-spotted at tips.

Sarawak: Poeh Mountains, 3,500 ft., July 1892 (A. Everett), type in coll.

Tring Mus, ; Bidi (C. J. Brooks), 2 $$ in coU. Joicey. Singapore, 1 c? in coll.

Brit, Mus. Kuala Lampur : Gombak Valley. October 18, 1921, 1 $ (much torn)

in coll. Fed. Malay States Mus.

Probably nearest cordularia Swinh. (1893), in spite of the very different

colouring.

65. Xylopteryx doto sp. n.

cJ$, 32-35 mm. Closely related to protearia Guen. and fully as variable.

Smaller ; both wings with termen appreciably less crenulate. Forewing with

discal ocellus small, its black circumscription commonly weak or obsolescent, its

pupil bluish white ; postmedian Une posteriorly rather more markedly obhque

outward (intermediate towards the shape of that of arcuata Walk. [1862] or

prasinaria Hmpsn. [1909]). Hindwing with the median shade in general

slightly more oblique than in protearia, the postmedian slightly outbent about the

middle, the two consequently less nearly parallel. Both wings beneath rather

62 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXII. 1925.

pale, seldom very heavily irrorated or suffused, the dark borders commonlj' broad,

heavy and sharply defined, very often almost reaching termen except for apical

and midterminal spots of the ground-colour.

Madagascar : Diego Suarez {G. Melon), a very long series in coll. Tring, Mus.

It is impossible within a brief compass to describe the variation. The

general tone is on an average distinguishable from that of protearia. the paler,

more oehreous. or even faintly olivaceous hues prevailing (at least in median area

of forewing) rather than the redder brown or deep fuscous which is common in

protearia — thus more approached by ab. lucidiscata Walk, than by other protearia

forms. The variation on the forewing above is due, however, to the infinite

inconstancy in the strength and distribution of the dark cloudings, which may be

chiefly subterminal, or basal and subterminal, may produce an intense antemedian

band, or may be diffused over a large area of the wihg, or conversely be concen-

trated posteriorly, leaving the basal and median areas anteriorly pale ; median

area of forewing sometimes narrowed, with the limiting lines connected by a

longitudinal line on the fold.

Luxiaria Walk.

Under the name of Luxiaria contigaria Walk., Hampson (Faun. Ind. Moths,

iii. 195) includes an extraordinary medley. It has been to some extent put

into order by Swinhoe subsequently (Cat. Lep. Het. Oxf. Mus. ii. 264), but some

vital points have escaped detection.

Unfortunately the type of Walker's contigaria (the oldest name quoted) is

not the species which Swinlioe assumed it to be, but is the same as inexactata

Walk. (= straminea Warr. ISO& = ditrota MejT. 1897), for which, however, a

still older name has been entirely overlooked, namely tephrosiata Guen. (Spec.

Oen. Lip. x. 18), very well described from a Borneo §. As tliis very widely

distributed insect — apparently scarcely varying from N. India and the Greater

Sunda Islands to the D'Entrecasteaux — is always $,' it is practically certain

that it must be the other sex of the superficially very different Etitoea heteroneurata

Guen, (always (J, with similar range). Guenee's two names were published

simultaneously ; I therefore avail myself of Art. 28 of the " International Code

of Nomenclature '" and retain the one which has been in general use and refers

to the more distinctive sex, the more so as there is a " tephrosaria " (Moore) in

the immediate vicinity. If Eutoea is more than a subgenus, the species will

stand as Eutoea heteroneurata Guen. ((J), with synonyms tephrosiata Guen. ($),

personaria Walk. (^), contigaria Walk. ($), inexactata Walk. ($), straminea Warr.

(?) and ditrota Meyr. ($).

This leaves without a well-assured name the species to which Hampson's

description seems primarily to apply, and which he figures on p. 196, fig. 109 —

antennal ciliation minute, abdominal spine short, tibial pencil white, forewing

not narrowed, median line touching cell-spot, underside banded, hindwing fairly

strongly crenate ; for turpisaria Walk, is really the $ to subrasata Walk, (see

injra), which is a narrower-winged, more suffused insect with longer antennal

ciliation, submonstrata Walk, the $ to nigripalparia Walk, (wliich must sink

' The Amboina Nadagarodes mentioned by Warren (Nov. Zool. iii. 411) as 3 to liis straminea is

an impossible claimant, but is a race or very close ally of sordida Warr. (Nov. Zool. iii. 303, as CaUe-

taera). I forbear to name it, as I liave not yet made out whether it may be the " Psamutodee *'

ucutaria of Pagenstecher (J.B. Nass, Ver. Nat, xli. 177).

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXII. 1925. 63

thereto), a greyer species with differently shaped termen, etc., fephrosaria Moore

another good species (discussed below) a,nd fasciosa Moore and hypaphanes Hmpsn.

belong to the group of amasa Butl., with the forewing more falcate, its termen

not waved. There remains only iniensata Moore unplaced (type in coll. Staud-

inger) and this is very imperfectly described, though probably a dark aberration

of the species in question ; but for the present I can see nothing against — and

some points (e.g. the " filiform " ^ antenna) definitely in favour of — Swinhoe's

determination (Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1902, p. 614) of the older acutaria Snell.

as the Malayan form of his " contigaria " (i.e. the present species), and I therefore

accept it provisionally, perhaps with intensata Moore for its Indian race. A few

other overlooked or misidentified species in the group must now be described.

66. Luxiaria emphatica sp. n.

(J9, 38-43 mm. Very close to tephrosaria Moore (1867). Abdominal spots

of (J oftener weakly developed.

Forewing with the same pale ground-colour and black costal spots (the

antemedian, however, oftener reduced) ; median shade rather stronger, rather

variable, but generally arising somewhat more distally, less excurved near costa

and more oblique inward to behind middle ; postmedian not more obhque than

termen (in tephrosaria appreciably more oblique), reaching hindmargin about

1 mm. farther from tornus, the black hind marginal spot nearly always present

but never (so far as yet known) enlarged as in a common aberration of tephrosaria ;

an irregular grey (shadowy) band beyond, much as in suhrasata Walk, and

acutaria Snell. (strongest in the $9)- Hindwing chiefly distinguishable by the

last-named character.

Underside much more strongly marked than that of tephrosaria. the post-

median line of hindwing always strong, the shades beyond it rufescent, in the

$ broader and darker.

Assam ; Khasis (the J type from Cherrapunji, May 1893, in coll. Tring

Mus.) ; Nagas.

I should have been incUned to regard this as a form (perhaps seasonal, though

I have seen few dated specimens) of tephrosaria, but for the constant difference

in the postmedian line ; one weakly marked Khasi J is in coU. Tring Mus. might

otherwise be regarded as somewhat transitional. In deciding which of these

very close allies represents Moore's lost type (coll. Russell), I have been guided

by the facts that " Bengal " there probably denoted Sikkim (the weakly marked

species is known to me from Kulu, Sikkim, Bhutan and Assam), that Elwes has

labelled a Sikkim jj " tephrosaria, agrees with one of two forms under that name

in coU. Moore ; which is type ? " and that Warren in coll. Tring Mus. has also

determined that same species as tephrosaria. On the other of Moore's " two

forms," see L. mitorrhaphes, infra.

67. Luxiaria versiformis (praec. subsp. ?).

cJ. Like the preceding, of which it may probably prove a race, but some-

what narrower winged (transitional towards the shape of subrasata Walk. J),

much less pale, more clay-coloured, the median line of the fore-wing anteriorly

excurved more as in tephrosaria, the underside more deeply coloured, with broader,

darker subterminal bands, as suggestive of certain nubrasata-iovias as of

64 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXII. 192S.

tephrosaria ; underside of fore wing behind the cell suffused with dark grey (in

emphatica white).

Malay Peninsula : Gunong Ijau (loc. typ.) ; Sumatra : Batang Proepoe

(Padang Bovenlanden, 1,500 m.) ; Borneo : Kina Balu.

68. Luxiaria mitorrhaphes sp. n.

Acidalia tephrosaria Moore in coll. (nee Proc. Zool. Soc. Land. 1867, p. 643, coll. Russell).

Luxiaria turpisaria part., Swinh., Cat. Lep. Het. Oxf. Mvs. ii. 264 (nee Walk.).

c?$, 40-44 mm. Head and body as in suhrasata Walk. (1861) or slightly

paler. Antenna of (J slightly serrate, cUiation almost 1. Hindtibial hair-

pencil of cJ well mixed with dark grey (in tephrosaria all pale).

Forewing of normal width (not narrowed as in the ^ of subrasata), apex

minutely produced, termen almost smooth (intermediate in shape towards amasa

Butl.) ; rather paler than subrasata but less pale than tephrosaria ; scheme of

markings as in the allies (" contigaria Walk." of Hampson, Faun. Ind. Moths, iii.

195-6 1!) ; no costal spots ; median shade (as in subrasata and tephrosaria, but

not in others of the group) well beyond the not very large cell- mark ; black

posterior spot to postmedian Une developed in frequent aberrations, as in most

of the allies. Hindwing with termen less deeply dentate than in most of the

group.

Underside very characteristic, varying little ; postmedian line darkj rather

thick, well and uniformly developed throughout, on forewing very slightly, on

hindwing more strongly crenulate, the band-like rufescent shades just beyond

always slight, the irregular dark markings, which in most of the group bound

them distally, quite undeveloped.

Sikkim, Bhutan, Assam, Burma, W. China, Formosa, the type ^ from the

Naga Hills, 5,000-6,000 ft. (W. Doherty), in coll. Tring Mus.

This common species has suffered badly from misidentifications. The original

description of tephrosaria Moore makes it certain that Warren's determination

(in coU. Tring Mus.) is approximately correct, and that Moore's claim of a " type "

(paratype) in his own collection (belonging to viitorrlmphes) is due to a confusion

of two alUes (cf. under emphatica, supra). Swinhoe's misidentification of the

shorter-winged, banded $-fform turpisaria Walk, (really no doubt the $ to the

sexually dimorphic subrasata) has added to the confusion. The sexes of

mitorrhaphes are virtually aUke, except for the rather broader mngs of the $.

69. Nadagara orbipuncta sp. n.

cj, 34 mm. Head and front of thorax bright brown, but scarcely so ochra-

ceous or tawny as in most of the genus ; lower extremity of face mixed with

whitish. Thorax and abdomen whitish, the former above more tinged with

violaceous, the latter with brown (much as in vigaia Walk.). Hindtibia not dilated.

Forewing with apex scarcely produced ; termen smooth ; very pale brown,

tinged with fawn, towards termen a little darkened ; sparse blackish irroration ;

cell-dot larger than in the allies, round ; antemedian line extremely slender,

strongly excurved, tawny-olive ; postmedian from SC' about 2 mm. from termen,

straightish at first but quickly curving to become strongly obhque inward (a

trifle less oblique between R' and SM=), reaching hindmargin at 6-5 mm. out,

tawny-olive, blackish-tnixed distallj-. edged distally by a fine white line ; terminal

NoviTATES ZooLoaiOiE XXXII. 1925. 65

line faintly indicated in grey at apex ; fringe tinged with greyish olive. Hind-

wing not very broad, termen smooth, faintly sinuous ; costal margin whitish,

the rest concolorous with forewing ; cell-dot small ; postmedian line little beyond

middle, almost straight, reaching from SC- to hindmargin.

Forewing beneath warmer (more cinnamon), more irrorated, the hind-

marginal area wliitish ; cell-mark elongate, not round ; a postmedian blackish-

grey line, posteriorly slightly less obhque than above, not quite reaching hind-

margin. Hindwing whitish, strongly irrorated ; cell-dot as above ; postmedian

more distal, rather strongly curved.

N.W. India : Dalhousie, July 1891, type in coll. Tring Mus.

Probably nearest vigaia Walk. (1862), but with smooth margins, larger cell-

dot of forewing, etc, etc.

70. Nadagara dohertyi sp. n.

(J, 39 mm. Group of comprensata Walk, and scitilineata Walk., but con-

siderably larger. Hindtibial pencil and abdominal spine well developed. General

coloration as in the species named.

Forewing with apex more produced than even in scitilineata, termen rather

more crenulate, especially anteriorly ; antemedian rufous hne rather distinct,

more regularly curved than in the allies ; postmedian less recurved to costa than

in comprensata but without the teeth of scitilineata. Hindwing with cell- dot

less small than in the alUes ; postmedian slightly more curved.

Underside rather more uniform than in the aUies, more inclining to fleshy

or vinaceous, the forewing with less bright admixture of tawny-ochraceous ; the

dark irroration about as strong as in scitilineata ; black cell-dots distinct ; post-

median indistinct (especially on forewing), shghtly crenulate.

Batchian, March 1892 (W. Doherty). Tjrpe in coll. Tring Mu8.

71. Nadagara extensipennis sp. n.

(J, 42-44 mm. Face deep orange-rufous. Palpus not quite 2 ; ochreous

mixed with bright ferruginous. Antenna rather long. Vertex, " tegulae " {in

seiisu Hampsoniano), pectus and forecoxa similarly ferruginous — or reddish

mixed ; pectus hairy. Foreleg and midfemiu" tinged with purple ; hindtibia

strongly dilated, with hair-pencil. Thorax, abdomen and legs otherwise paler.

Abdomen long.

Forewing with termen faintly waved ; stalk of SC'"' anastomosing well with

C, SC' at a point with SC'*, R- arising near R', M' well separate, M- rather straight,

rather parallel with M' ; beneath with a patch of long, specialised scales in the

position of the $ retinaculum ; ochraceous buff, more or less strongly suffused

with vinaceous ; cell-dot black-brown ; lines reddish brown, sometimes weak ;

antemedian acutely angled outward in cell ; postmedian wavy or subcrenulate,

oblique, posteriorly a Httle curved, from about five-sixths costa to middle of

hindmargin, accompanied distally by a violet- whitish line ; subtermiual similar

but weaker or nearly obsolete, mostly midway between postmedian and termen,

still more obhque inward posteriorly ; terminal line very weak ; fringe more

reddish, with whitish Une at base and whitish tips. Hindwing with termen

gently waved ; cell not quite two-fifths ; M' well separate, at base remarkably

straight, R' curving forward at origin, M' at origin rather straight and nearly

parallel with M' ; cell-dot and lines beyond much as on forewing, the postmedian

5

86 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXII. 1925.

almost straight and reaching abdominal margin well behind middle, the sub-

terminal bluntly bent at fold, very gently concave in posterior halt ; fringe aa

on forewing.

Underside more deeply coloured, in distal area suffused with duU purplish ;

cell-dots black ; a weak dark curved postmedian line, on forewing less oblique

than above, on hindwing more distal.

British New Guinea : Kumusi River, low elevation, August 1907 (A. S.

Meek), 3 cJcJ in coll. Tring Mus. Also a more strongly marked form from Rook

Island, July 1913, 1 (J, and Dampier Island, February-March 1914, 1 ^.

$$ from Milne Bay, December 1915 (A. S. Meek), and Eitape, N. Coast of

New Guinea, about 90 miles E. of the Dutch border (Mi's. H. Hempsted ; kindly

presented to the writer by Dr. A. Jefferis Turner) are similar to weakly-marked

cJ(J, the abdomen not elongate, the peculiarities of venation less pronounced,

the tone more vinaeeous.

The unknown (J of the smaller and darker, but otherwise similar argyrosticha

Turn. (1919) will probably show analogous structural peculiarities.

72. Scardamia seminigra sp. n.

(J, 27-31 mm. Close to rectilinea Warr. (Nov. Zool. iii. 127), possibly a

seasonal form,' labelled by Warren " var. seminigra.'' On an average smaller.

Forewing perhaps slightly more rounded ; brighter or more reddish orange ;

postmedian line generally rather thick, sUghtly less straight than in rectiliriea,

being perceptibly curved towards costa though less markedly than in metallaria

Guen. ; a purple-grey subterminal line more or less stronglj' developed ; terminal

spots stronger than in rectilinea.— i — Hindwing with similar distinctions in tone,

subterminal line and termen. — Both wings beneath more bicoloured, being clearer

or brighter yellow proximally to the postmedian, much more suffused with purple

distaUy, only with some yellower dashes in cellules 3 and 6.

N. India : Sikkim, Bhutan and Khasis, the type from Cherrapunji, October

1893, in coll. Tring Mus.

The same, or a closely similar form occurs also in the Malay Peninsula

(Padang Rengas. Perak and Singapore), and is, in fact, the only member of the

group yet known to me from that region.

73. Corymica spatiosa sp. n.

cj, 34—35 mm. ; $, 40-45 mm. Larger than specularia Moore. Vertex of

head white (in specularia yellow). Wings rather deeper yellow, more uniform

(less clouded with rufescent shades).

Forewijig broader than in specularia, termen with a more noticeable tooth

at R' ; costal margin minutely speckled, but without the spots at origin of lines ;

these, as in the allies, subobsolete, indicated by dots ; blotch at middle of hind-

margin rather large and dark ; that at tomus thin ; terminal cloud greyish,

smaller and fainter than in specularia, on underside also reduced, though bright

reddish. Hindwing considerably broader than in specularia and not produced

to a sharp point at SC= (shaped more as in vesicularia Walk.) ; markings much

as in specularia.

' The only dated specimens before me are from Cherrapunji in 1893, viz. 1 rectilinea (April) and

4 seminigra (September, October [2] and November) ; unless one may add n tiny (J from Chungking,

Szechuan, September 1913 (B. M. Barry), perhapa representing a diHerentiable race.

NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXII. 1926. 67

Underside paler than in specularia, with less rufous clouding ; forewing

without the rufous median band ; hindwing in posterior half predominantly

whitish.

N. India : Darjiling (not uncommon) and Khasis ; type ^J from the former

locaUty (F. Moller), in coll. Tring Mus.

74. Synegia hormosticta sp. n.

cJ, 25 mm. Face yellowish, shghtly mixed with red. Palpus scarcely IJ,

with terminal joint small, not distinct ; ochreous. Vertex ochreous. Antenna

simple. Thorax cream-buff, in front purphsh brown. Abdomen cream-bufi,

suffused as far as the sixth segment with reddish. Legs mostly pale ; a dark

spot at end of midtibia.

Foreiving with costa very gently arched, in middle straight, apex rather

blunt, almost rectangular, termen curving to become somewhat oblique ; SC'

free, SO- stalked far beyond SC= ; retinaculum bar-shaped, sUghtly broadened

with loose scaling ; cream-buff, with .some cinnamon irroration, here and

there beset with minuter blackish irroration ; costal margin of the cinnamon

shade, irregularly dotted (in costal half spotted) with black ; cell-dot black ;

lines cinnamon ; antemedian excurved in cell, then very sUghtly obUque inward

to hindmargin ; proximal to it three dark dots on veins ; postmedian rather

thick, a little diffused distally, commencing at SC*, at first scarcely oblique,

between M^ and hindmargin shallowly incurved ; a row of dark vein-dots

beyond it, that at C confluent with that on SC, those on R', M' and SM- shghtly

enlarged, the last-named connected by an incurved line with that on M= ; a

slight dark dash (or pair of dots obUquely placed) at apex ; a blackish subterminal

spot between SC' and R' ; a larger one between R' and M» ; a weaker suffusion

at hindmargin, nearly reaching M= ; fringe pale, with blackish dots at vein-ends.

Hindwing with termen rather strongly convex, faintly crenulate between

SC- and R', then almost smooth ; concolorous with forewing ; a similar cell-dot ;

postmedian commencing at abdominal margin about as in eumeleata Walk. ( =

secunda Swinh.) but directed more towards apex, about R' curving so as to run

to costa at least 1 mm. from apex ; dots beyond all small ; distal area httle

marked, but with a terminal dash just behind SC- ; fringe as on forewing.

Underside simUarly marked, but in grey.

Hainan : Wuteryang, May 1903, type in coll. Tring Mus.

75. Synegia imitaria malayana subsp. n.

Forewing with termen on an average even more obHque than in i. imitaria

Walk. (Ceylon) ; the band-like suffusions rather broader, more orange-buif ,

not or hardly mixed with grey scaling, the blackish element in the postmedian

almost entirely wanting ; cell-dot similarly less black-mixed and terminal dots

less sharp. Hindwing with corresponding distinctions.

Underside slightly more rufescent than in i. imitaria, the dark cloudings

about equally heavy.

Penang (type and others), Singapore, Borneo, Pulo Laut. Type in coll.

Tring Mus.

Shghtly intermediate forms from the Khasis and Hainan may provisionally

be left with i. malayana. All seem to have been confused with camptogramtnaria

68 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXII. 1925.

Guen., but the pectinations are slightly longer, costal margin less black, markings

more blotchy, postmedian of forewing with lunxile at fold deeper.

76. Synegia medionubis sp. n.

cJ?, 27-30 mm. Closely similar to suffusa Warr. (1893). Palpus more or

less dark-mixed. Antenna in ^ with the pectinations still longer ; in $ also

strongly pectinate (Ln that of suffusa simple).

Forewing rather stumpier ; cell on an average sUghtly longer ; SC'= long-

stalked, their stalk anastomosing strongly with C, SC= afterwards with SC'' ;

more variegated (the reddish irroration less regularly distributed) ; median

shade much less obUque, passing much nearer to the cell-dot, accompanied

distally in middle of wing by an extended, though Ul-defined, dark cloud ; a

rather conspicuous clear yellow spot between M- and SM= just beyond the post-

median. Hindwing with only the subbasal and subterminal bands much

mixed with dark violet-grey (in suffusa often also an ante- and a postmedian) ;

otherwise much like a variegated suffusa.

Assam ; Naga Hills, 1,500 ft., September-October 1889 (W. Doherty),

2 (J (J, 1 $ (including type) ; Cherrapunji, November-December 1893 ; Digboi.

Type in coll. Truig Mus.

77. Nothomiza rectangula sp. n.

(J$, 35-40 mm. Near costalis Moore (1867) in structure and coloration.

Face orange- yellow, above and below mixed with red.

Forewing relatively much shorter than in costalis, broader, the termen nearly

straight and scarcely oblique ; ground-colour as in the more greyish-suffused

forms of that species ; yellow costal projections rather shorter and flatter (less

triangular) ; antemedian line obsolete ; a yellow spot or dot in cell just in front

of M- ; postmedian represented by a larger yellow spot between R' and M' and

occasionally a small one behind it (on M*) ; termen without anterior yellow streak ;

a purple terminal line, in places very sUghtly encroaching on fringe ; fringe

yellow. Hindwing broader than in costalis, with termen rather more convex,

in the $ appreciably bent in the middle ; costal area less white ; the diffuse grey

line rather more proximal than in costalis ; terminal hne and fringe as on forewing.

Underside buff to ochreous, with short purphsh strigulae and distal suffusion.

South China : Hong-Kong 1 ^ (type), 3 ?? ; North River, 1 <?, 1 ?. All

in coll. Truig Mus., collected by E. Wahr.

Both the (J (J have unfortunately lost their antennae, but the stumps are

simply ciliated.

78. Nothomiza flaviordinata sp. n.

(J, 28 mm. Face reddish. Vertex yellow. Collar mixed with reddish.

(Antennae lost.) Thorax and abdomen concolorous with wings.

Forewing not broad, costa a little arched distally, apex not produced, termen

not oblique anteriorly, bent (cvu-ved) in middle, becoming markedly oblique ;

vinaceous, very pale except anteriorly and distally ; costal margin broadly

chrome yellow, with bluntly triangular projections (about equal in size) before and

beyond middle ; base with slaty suffusion ; a straight, strongly oblique line

from distal edge of first costal projection to hindmargin at 2'5 mm. ; a small

NOVITATEB ZOOLOOIOAE XXXII. 1925. 69

terminal yellow mark between apex and H', attenuated at both ends (larger than

that of costalis Moore). Hindwing paler, rather broadly white anteriorly ;

abdominal margin with beginnings of two lines, near base and about 3 mm.

from termen.

Underside pale, almost unmarked, except for the yellow (likewise pale)

areas of forewing.

Hainan : Mount Wuchi, May 1903. Type in coll. Tring Mus.

Near xanthocolona Meyr. (1897), paler — especially the hindwing — hindwing

more rounded (as in formosa Butl., 1878), the line of forewing arising from the

first costal tooth. Perhaps neAier flavicosta Prout (1914), though narrower and

much paler and with the costal yellow reduced.

79. Ingena chrotodon sp. n.

^, 32 mm. Face dark brown. Palpus brown, slightly varied. Antennal

ciliation nearly 1 proximally, gradually becoming shorter, minute distally.

Vertex, thorax and abdomen concolorous with wings.

Forewing violet-grey, much as in the aUies, with scattered red-brown speck-

Ung ; costal margin red-brown, with dark spots ; a small black cell-dot ; lines

dark red-brown ; antemedian slight, anteriorly obsolete, forming a dot on M

and a sinuous mark behind ; median placed far beyond the cell-dot, very near

the postmedian, sinuous, slightly edged with ochreous ; postmedian edged with

ochreous, especially proximally, acutely dentate outward on the veins, deeply

incurved between, the sinus between R> and R' deep, with only a very short tooth

at R^ the tooth on M- reaching nearest to the termen, the submedian sinus

again deep ; subterminal very thin, slightly interrupted, sinuous ; a fine dark

terminal line ; fringe somewhat leaden at base, then paler and browner.

Hindwing somewhat lighter in distal area anteriorly ; no ceU-dot or antemedian

line ; the rest much as on forewing.

Underside pale grey, with an iU-defined, gently sinuous whitish subterminal

band, accompanied proximally by a faintly darkened shade.

Selangor : Kuala Kubu, Bukit Kutu, 3,400 ft., August 1915, 3 (JcJ- Type

in coll. Brit. Mus., paratypes in coU. Fed. Malay States Mus. et coll. L. B. Prout.

Near I. undilineata Butl. (Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 132, pi. vi, fig. 10),

but with a ceU-dot, less white-mixed, lines more variegated, first and third more

proximal (in undilineata nearly evenly spaced), first more broken, median zigzag,

subterminal interrupted, imderside less brownish, more weakly marked.

70 NOTITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXII. 1925.

THE SPECIES USUALLY REFERRED TO THE GENUS

CIGARITIS BOISD. [LEPIDOPTERA : LYCAENIDAE].

By N. D. RILEY.

(With text-figs. 1-13.)

"^TTHILST re-arranging the Oriental species of the genus Spindasis in the

' » British Museum Collection a number of sijecies allied to tliem, and gener-

ally placed in the genus Cigaritis Boisd., were also examined. The results in

some cases were of sufficient interest to warrant the publication of the following

notes. The Museum material was very extensivelj' supplemented by the series

in the Tring, Oxford and Witley Museums, for the generous loan of which I have

sincerely to thank Lord Rothschild, Professor E. B. Poulton and Mr. J. J. Joicey

respectively. Especially to Lord Rothschild my thanks are due, for without

the long series of Cigaritis he so kindly entrusted to me I had never come to the

conclusions here reached with regard to that genus.

The species dealt with are virtually confined to the desert Palaearctic regions

extending from Morocco and the Sahara to Central Asia and India. One species

at least has established a foothold in the northern limits of the Aethiopian region

{A. nilus), and one other is found in SomaUland. In India, however, only

A. lilacimis occurs beyond the north-western desert regions, being found in

Central India and the north-east Himalayas.

In Cigaritis Boisd., the genotype of which is zohra Lucas, the anal lobe to

the hindwing is lacking, and the tails at veuis 1 and 2 are decidedly short and .

almost equal in length. In Aph7iaeus (genotype orcas), to which genus most of

the species here dealt with have been referred at one time or another, the forewing

has twelve veins. In Spindasis (genotype natalensis), a genus also involved,

the forewing, like that of Cigaritis, has only eleven veins, but the anal lobe of the

hindwing is weU developed and both filamentous tails are comparatively long.

The majority of the species now under consideration, although more closely

related to Spindasis than to Cigaritis, do not agree with either in the characters

mentioned above, and consequently it becomes necessary to apply to them a

new generic name.

The generic differences may be summarised in a key :

1. (2) Forewing with twelve veins .... Aphnaeiis '

2. (1) Forewing with eleven veins . . . .3

3. (4) No lobe to hindwing ; filamentous tails at

veins 1 and 2 subequal in length, about 1 mm.

long, the margin considerably excavate

between them ...... Cigaritis

4. (5) Lobe not very marked ; filamentous tail at vein

2 less than half as long as tail at vein 1, gener-

ally 1 to 2 mm. long Apharitis, gen. nov.

6. (4) Lobe well developed ; tails both long . . Spindasis >

' Not dealt with in this paper.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXII. 1925. 71

As restricted above, Cigarilis applies to two species confined to N.W. Africa,

i.e. Morocco, Algeria and Tunis ; no true Cigaritis is known to me outside this

area. Apharitis on the other hand ranges from the S.W. Sahara to the N.E.

Himalayas, and has quite recently been discovered to be represented by a single

species in Tunis.'

Venation affords no differences between these two genera, and the genitalia

are very similar throughout, as can be seen from the figures. These latter have

been drawn to indicate only the differences which can be appreciated with the

least amount of dissection. The penis has been omitted throughout, although

it often furnishes excellent specific and even racial characters, for the reason

that the shape of the clasps is sufficiently characteristic to indicate the species.

As much variation has been found in the genitalia as is to be seen in the wing-

pattern. In A. acamas a steady transition from the clasp of the Western acamas

divisa to the Indian a. hypargyros is traceable through the intervening Pales-

tinian and Persian forms. And it would appear that in hypargyros seasonal

variation also exists, for the uncus in the dry-season form, viewed from the side,

is remarkably dome-shaped as compared with that in the wet-season form. But

the material available is insufficient to warrant definite conclusions on this point.

The uncus is deeply divided to form two widely separated, subtriangular,

laterally compressed lobes, each of which bears a strong, hinged, sickle-shaped

process on its lower edge about midway (the falces of Bethune-Baker). The

clasps are stout, generally rather blunt distally and not capable of very much

movement.'' The aedeagus, in comparison with the rest of the genitalia, is

decidedly large (see Fig. 3a), cylindrical for the first half of its length, funnel-

shaped for the next quarter, the dorsal surface in particidar departing from

the general direction of the remainder, and the last quarter consists of a long

tapering lip formed of the lower wall only ; frequently it is very spiny. The

general sohdity of the genitalia, and the size compared with the abdomen, remind

one of the Amblypodiinae rather than of any other group. They are quite unlike

those of any other Lycaenid group with which I am acquainted.

Genus CIGARITIS Boisd.

Cigarilis Boisd. in Donzel, Ann. Soc. Ent. France (2) v. p. 528 (1847); Lucas, Expl. Alg., Zool.

iii. p. 362 (1849) ; id. Ann. Soc. Ent. France (2) viii. p. 96 (1850) ; Staudinger, Cat. Lep.

p. 9 (1871) (part) ; id.C'oi. £ey. p. 76(1901)(part) ; Ruhl,^o'-<?»'--'ScAme«,p.220(1893)(part) ;

Seitz, Macrolep. i. p. 278 (1909) (part).

Small species (20 to 30 mm. in expanse at most), reminiscent of some species

of Heodes. The sexes, as to shape and markings of the wings, very similar.

Outer margin of forewing definitely and evenly convex, the costa slightly arched,

the apex not produced (or not prominently) ; hindwing with short subequal tails

(about 1 mm.) at the extremities of veuis 1 and 2, the margin excised between

them ; no anal lobe. Antennae about half the actual length of costa of forewing,

gradually increasing in size to midway, the club very elongate, cylindrical, about

half the length of the entire anterma.

' A. myrmecophila Dumont, see p. 81.

' In the related genus Spindasie they are often quite rigid.

72 NOVITATEB ZOOLOOICAE XXXII. 1925.

The two species known can be recognised readily by their undersides. They

appear to be confined to N.W. Africa.

1. Markings of underside of hindwing arranged in three parallel

almost straight bands ....... allardi.

2. Markings not so arranged, irregular ..... zohra.

1. Cigaritis allardi Oberth.

Cigartlis allardi Oberth. tludes Lip. Comp. iii. p. 401 (1909) ; id. I.e. x. p. 370. pi. 292. figs. 2395,

2396 (1915).

Cigaritis zohra Oberth. Eludes. Eni. ix. p. 35. pi. 3. figa. 8, 9 (1884).

Cigaritis zohra cJ Seitz, Macrolep. i. pi. 75. i. (1908).

(a) C. allardi allardi Oberth.

(J$. Upperside, both loings : Very similar to G. zohra (q.v.) in size and

coloration, but with the margins more narrowly black, and the dark markings

more extensive and prominent. Underside. Separable at once from zohra

by the straightness of the dark, silver-marked bands of the hindwing, which

contrast strongly with the white ground-colour.

Hah. Algeria : Sebdou (Oran).

Life-history unknown.

Besides the typical subspecies two others exist ;

(6) C. allardi meridionalis ssp. nov.

,^9. Readily separable from allardi allardi by its very much paler upperside

coloration. This is a clear ochreous, in some specimens almost a pale ochreous,

whereas allardi allardi is decidedly coppery. The black markings of the upper-

side small, detached or barely contiguous, sharply defined. The oclu-eous areas

of underside, including the ochreous edging of the silver spots, also very much

paler, and the ground-colour of the hindwings not such a pure white ; the short

black lines bounding the spots which form the bands much emphasised, con-

spicuous, the spots all reduced in size, definitely separated by the veins.

Hah. Algeria: Djebel Mekter, May 1913 {Walter Rothschild and Ernst

Hartert), 44 ^3, 20 ??.

This is a very distinct race recognisable at once by its pale coloration and

the separation of all its markings, above and below. A certain amount of varia-

tion is apparent in the series, as in the number and size of the subapical spots

on forewing (they are entirely absent in one specimen) and in the relative size

of the hindwing markings below, but, on the whole, it seems a remarkably con-

stant race. A single specimen from the Masser Mines, S. of Lalla-Marnia, taken

by Faroult in June, and also in the Tring Museum, is intermediate in character

between allardi allardi and allardi meridionalis.

(c) C. allardi occidentalis Le Cerf.

Cigaritis allardi Oberth. ssp. occidentalis Le Cerf, Bull. Sac. Ent. France, p. 197 (1923).

M. Le Cerf describes this race as larger and more brilliant than allardi allardi

from Sebdou, the black markings broader, the costal, basal and marginal areas

NoviTATEs Zoological XXXII. 1926. 73

of both wings blackish. Below, the costal and marginal white areas of forewing

are reduced, the lines and silver-centred spots are formed of larger components,

more completely encircled with black and partly anastomosed, especially on the

hindwings. Both wings bordered by a bright yellow marginal line.

The expanse is given as : (J 32 mm., $ 36 mm., that is to say, very much

greater than in either of the other subspecies.

Hob. Morocco : Harcha — Upper Bou-Reg-Reg region, near Tedders.

The differences between this form and allardi allardi appear to be exactly

the opposite of those separating allardi meridionalis from allardi allardi.

2. Cigaritis zohra Donz.

<J?. Upperside, both wings : Rich, bright, almost metallic orange-brown,

very variably marked with dark brown or black. On the forewing these dark

markings may consist of only a narrow crenate marginal line, a dark apical

spot, a similar subapical-costal spot and another discocellular spot, or they may

be so large and numerous as to occupy the greater part of the wing surface. In

the latter case they typically consist of : a black discocellular bar preceded by a

smaller dark spot in cell ; three large square subapical spots, in areas 4-6, the

middle one much displaced basad ; three similar spots below these, in areas 3,

2 and la, in line with the spot in area 5, contiguous, smaller towards irmer margin ;

complete series of submarginal and marginal internervular spots, the latter almost

always, the former very often also fused with the marginal line and not separable

from it ; submarginal series when separate rarely complete ; costa always

darkened ; a pale subapical spot often present. Hindwing : At least darkened

between vein 6 and costa, and with heavy crenate marginal border ; generally

with dark discocellular spot. A discal series of spots in areas lc-5, that in area

4 much displaced outwardly, may or may not be present, the anterior portions

(in areas 4 and 5) being the last to disappear. Abdominal area grey to dark grey.

Occasional specimens have almost the whole of the wing suffused blackish, with

only faint traces of orange centrally. CUia distally pale grey.

Underside, forewing : Inner margin pale grey, the triangular area enclosed

between this, the cell, and the submarginal spots always bright fulvous ; costal,

apical and marginal areas exceedingly variable in ground-colour, i.e. white, grey,

buff, fulvous or purplish or a mixture of someof these colours; the complete markings

of upperside always present, with the addition of a basal cell-spot and three costal

spots of which the central one is above the discocellulars ; the spots in the orange

area (the area liidden when the insect is at rest) usually represented only by their

black edges ; the remainder dark yellow-brown, grey or clay-coloured with black

edges, and strongly marked with silver centrally. Hindwing : Ground-colour

alwaj's the same as that of costal area of forewing ; the dark spots, usually large

and numerous, including those representing upperside markings, consist of a

basal series of four, and a subbasal series also of four (larger), both straight and

parallel, and of an irregular discal series (including the spot on discocellulars)

broken at vein 4, so that the spot at base of area 3 is much displaced outwardly

and unites with the lower end of the irregular subapical bar extending from costa

(at about two-thirds from base) to vein 4 ; beyond this is a well-developed sub-

marginal series ; all spots coloured as on forewing costal and apical areas ; the

marginal series, as on forewing, not silver- marked, the spots crescentic, rather

74

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXII. 1926.

heavily black-edged inwardly. The under.side markings are largest and clearest

in forms with a white ground-colour ; in the others the marginal and submarginal

series especially tend to become lost or indefinite, and the arrangement of the

spots is then chiefly indicated by their silver centres.

Length of forewing : 10 mm. (small ,^^) to 17 mm. (large $$).

Hob. Morocco, Algeria and Tunis.

Life-history unknown.

I include under the name zohra not only all those forms generally associated

with that name, but also siphax, which has usually been considered as a distinct

species, and its associated forms. The extremes of these two forms, typical

zohra on the one hand and erythrea on the other, are admittedly exceedingly

unhke, yet the material in the Tring Museum provides a complete series of grada-

tions from the one to the other in such a manner that it is impossible for me

to regard them as belongmg to more than one and the same species.

Several subspecies appear to exist, and there are numerous sporadic but

frequently occurring forms.

(a) C. zohra zohra Donz. (text-fig. l).

Cigaritis zohra Donzel, Ann Soc. Ent. France (2) v. p. 528. pi. 8. figs. 5, 6 [Cigariles zohra) cJ [S]

(1847); Oheith. itudes. Ent. XX. p. 14(1896); id. x. p. 371. pi. 293. figs. 2403-2413 (1915);

Seitz, Macrolep. i. p. 279 (nee pi. 15i) (1909).

Cigaritis masHnissa Lucas, Ann. Soc. Ent. France (2) v. p. ex. 1847 (nom. nud.) ; id. E.rpl. Alg,

Zool. iii. p. 364 (1849) ; id. Ann. Soc. Ent. France (2) viii. p. 99. pi. 2. figs. 2a, 2h (1850).

Ciijanlis t massinissa Oberthur, ttudesLip. Comp. iii. p. 403. pi. 25. figs. 128, 132 (1909).

Aphnaeus masinissa Hew. III. Dium. Lep. p. 63 (1865).

Aphnaeus zohra Oourv. Iris xxxv. p. 77 (1921).

As compared with the general description given above zohra zohra may be

recognised by its large size and its brightness, coupled with its heavy black costal

and marginal markings above. The

underside, however, shows the most

characteristic features : the ground-

colour is white, the markings large and

prominent, often coalescent. The pale

subapical spot on forewing above is

usually prominent.

Hab. Morocco : Eastern ; and

Algeria : Northern plateau region.

Not known from Tunisia.

As was fully explained by Oberthiir

{iitudes Lip. Comp. x), who recently

received specimens from the type

locality, Djebel Amour, there can be

no doubt now that massinissa and zohra

are sexes of the same species, the

original male of zohra described by

Donzel having been mistaken by him for a female. C. zohra zohra is decidedly

variable, but the following two forms seem fairly well marked.

Fig. 1. — Cigaritis zohra zohra, ^. — Genitalia,

lateral aspect, penis removed.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXII. 1925. 75

1. f. zohra Donz.

Cigariiis zohra Donzel, I.e. ; Oberth. Etudes, Lip. Comp. x. pi. 293. fig. 2403 ; Seitz, Macrohp. i.

pi. 75 h and i (jugurtha).

Well marked above. Forewing with two prominent cell-spots, transverse

discal band reaching vein 2, prominent subapical pale spot, marginal and sub-

marginal bands coalescent from vein 2 to apex. Hindwing mostly suffused with

black, the fulvous being confined to a largish divided discal area, and a wavy

marginal line from anal angle to vein 4. Underside ground-colour of hindwing,

and of costal and marginal areas of forewing, almost pure white.

2. f. oberthueri f. nov.

Cigaritis zohra Oberth. I.e. figs. 2404-6.

Like the preceding beneath, but with the black markings of the upper.side

reduced to only a marginal wavy band on each wing, and a subapical and a

discocellular spot on forewing. Costal area of liindwing rather .suffused. Pale

subapical spot on forewing prominent.

This is a common form, more particularly in the female. Intermediates

between it and f. zohra occur fairly freely, such as the specimens figured by

Oberthiir in Etiides Lip. Comp. iii, pi, 25, figs, 128-132. The specimen shown

in the original figure of massinissa also belongs to this category, the name being

therefore available for these intermediate forms should a name for them be

considered desirable. Typical zohra and its form oberthueri seem to be peculiar

to the southern side of the plateau of northern Algeria, Oberthiir figured "siphax-

funebris" and '' siphax-immacuhhis" both from Aflou (Djebel Amour), as well

as the two forms mentioned above. But I am of opinion that some error must

have arisen, for amongst the two hundred specimens I have examined from the

Aflou district not a single " siphax " is to be found. Oberthiir's figures of this

" siphax," moreover, are not convincingly hke typical siphax, and I can only

conclude that they are intermediate forms between z. zohra and z. siphax.

(b) C. zohra littoralis ssp. nov.

This has a very bright appearance above, with reduced but intensely black

markings, and in many specimens the males have the discal band of the hindwing

(characteristic of siphax as a rule) not merely indicated, but clearly and sharply

defined. The marginal and submarginal series of markings on the forewing in

most specimens are completely separated. On the underside also the black

markings are very sharp and intense, especially on the forewing,

Hab. Algeria: Gran, April 1913 {Walter Rothschild and Ernst Hartert), 9

c?c?, 9 ??.

(c) C. zohra jugurtha Oberth,

Cigaritit va.i. jugurtha Oberth. iHudes Eni. i. p. 21 (1876) ; id. I.e. ix. p. 35. pi. 3. figs. 6, 7 (1884) ;

id. hudea Up. Comp.z. p. 373. pi. 293. figs. 2409, 2410 (1915); [nee jugurtha Seitz, MacroUp. i.

pi. 75 h and t].

Similar to typical zohra above, but generally rather smaller, with better

defined and deeper black markings above, and with the ground-colour of the

underside of the hindwings and of costal area of forewing greyish or brownish,

usually the latter, never white.

This race was originally described by Oberthiir from Saida. It also occurs

76 NOVITATES ZOOLOOIOAB XXXII. 1926.

in Sebdou and Tabia, and shows a marked approach to the race described above as

2. litloralis. Frequently the upperside, especially of the females, presents the

characters of the oherthtieri form of s. zohra. Further east, but on the northern

side of the plateau of northern Algeria a very interesting little race occurs, showing

a decided approach to siphax.

{d) C. zohra orientalis ssp. nov.

Extremely pale above, the black markings all very small and the marginal

and submarginal markings of forewing completely separated. The underside,

in the tone of the ground-colour, is more like that of typical z. siphax than that

of any other form of zohra, but the large round markings of the hindwing m form

are those of z. zohra rather than of z. siphax, although they show a tendency to a

reduction which, if carried a little further, would readily produce the typical

underside of siphax.

Hab. Algeria: Boghari, May (Faroult).

It is largely the existence of this form, morphologically and geographically

intermediate between z. zohra and z. siphax, that convinces me that we have here

only one real species to deal with, not two.

(e) C. zohra siphax Lucas.

Cigaritis siphax Lucas, Expl. Alg. Zool. iii. p. 362. pi. 1. figs. 8, 8a (as Zerythis siphax) (1849) ; Oberth.

J^tudes But. XX. p. 14 (1896) ; Seitz, MacroUp. i. pi. 76o (1908).

Cigaritis syphax Oberth. Etudes Lep. Comp. iii. p. 401 (1909) and x. p. 369 (1915).

(J$. Upperside, both wings : Rich, bright, almost metallic orange-brown.

Forewing : With a black transverse bar across cell-end and generally a smaller one

preceding it; beyond this three square black spots (one each in areas 4, 5 and 6)

arranged in a triangle ; a submarginal series of sub quadrate black dots generally

not quite separated from the marginal black band ; occasionally black spots are also

present in areas 1 to 3 in a line perpendicular to the inner margin. Hindwing :

Much suffused with black along the costa and at base as far as the black bar at

ceU-end ; beyond this a transverse black band of which the section in area 4 is

much displaced outwardly ; indications of a narrow wavy submarginal line ; the

marginal black band cut into at the veins broadly by the ground-colour.

Underside, forewing : Yellowish ochreous, pale ochreous along the costa and

hind margin, with numerous darker sOver-splashed markings, i.e. a small subbasal

spot in cell, followed by a narrow transverse band across cell to costa, and a wider

one on discocellulars, three subapical spots and a submarginal series ; submarginal

series widely separated from the marginal series which, together with a pair of

hollow black spots in areas 2 and 3, and one in area 4 much displaced outwardly,

are not silver-marked. Hindwing : Powdery greyish ochreous, the margin

broadly darker and bearing on its inner edge indications of the submarginal

series of silver-marked spots ; the remaining silver-marked spots are formed of the

subbasal series of four, the median series of five (including that on the disco-

cellulars) and the apical series of four, of which the lower two are bent out at an

angle of about 135 degrees to the other two.

Hab. Eastern Algeria (east of long. 6°E.) and Tunis.

In addition to the typical form of this subspecies, as described above, one

well-marked form exists and occurs commonly in places.

NOVITATES ZOOLOOIOAE XXXII. 1925. 77

3. f. erythrea Staud. (text-fig. 2).

Cigaritis siphax var. erythrea Staud. Iris, v. p. 280 (1892) ; Oberth. Etudes Lip, Comp, x. p. 369.

figs. 2399, 2400 (1915).

Cigaritis siphax ab. erythraea Seitz, Macrolep. i. p. 279 (1909).

Characterised by having the ground-colour of the underside, except lower

central portion of forewing, strongly purple in tone.

In some places, notably at Bone, where both typical z. siphax and its form

erythrea occur together in June, the latter

would appear to be quite as common as y^'^IZ^^^^ ^^

the former. But this does not seem to ^f^ l^^^S--

apply generally. Oberthiir states that it BtV ' "T^^^^^r

occurs principally in Tunis and the eastern >f/ / 3^^*^^^^^

coast region of Algeria. It has been

suggested that it is a seasonal form, an idea

which its appearance supports, and wliich is

by no means disproved by its occurrence

together with typical siphax, as at Bone, gr—^,.,^

The information available at present is \~~>»--^^SisE^ .-j^Si*^

hardly sufficient to settle the exact taxo-

nomic value of the name. i 3ohr-o/e,-yhi^ca

In a species as polymorphic as ZOhra it F'G' 2.— Cigaritis zohra siphax l. erythrea,

is not easy to analyse the various varietal ^.-Genitalia, lateral aspect, penia

•^ ^ removed.

tendencies, but one phase, which is likely

to occur in any race, is well exemphfied in the form which has been named by

Oberthiir : —

4. f. confusa Oberth.

Cigaritis zohra-confusa Oberth. tludes Lep. Comp. x. pi. 293. figs. 2407, 2408 (1915).

Cigaritis zohra;)ugurlha-confusa Oberth. I.e. figs. 2412, 2413.

It is not described by Oberthiir, but to judge by his excellent figures it repre-

sents a phase in which aU the dark markings of the underside are larger and

browner than usual, and largely coalescent.

Variation in another du'ection is represented by the oberthueri form (see

above, p. 75), which is more particularly a $-form, although occurring fairly

frequently in the males as well. It has its parallel in all the races dealt with

above.

5. f. funebris Oberth.

Cigaritis siphax -funebris Oberth. Etudes Lep. Comp. x. p. 293. figs. 2401, 2402 (1915),

This form belongs rather to the zohra than to the siphax association of forms.

There are two females, labelled " Oran," Ln the Tring Museum, which agree with

Oberthiir' s figures remarkably well, and they are certainly more zoAra than si/iAax.

The form should be characterised by its almost uniformly dark gre}'- brown under-

side, with inconspicuous, white-pupilled, slightly darker spots.

Several other names, proposed at various times, denote simply individual

aberrations :

78 NOVITATES ZOOLOQICAE XXXII. 1925.

(i) ab. pallescens Oberth.

Cigariiis ayphax ab. pallescens Oberth. Etudes Ent, xx. (p. 14) pi. 5. fig. 83 (1896) ; id, Etudes Lip.

Comp. in. p. 401 (1909).

Cigaritis siphax ab. pallida Oberth. Etudes Lep. Comp. x. p. 369 (1915).

Resembles f. erythrea beneath, but the rich ground-colour of the upperside is

replaced by a dull pale straw-colour, suggesting a pathological form comparable

with ab. schmidtii of Heodes phlaeas. Liable to occur in any subspecies.

(ii) ab. supra-impunctata Oberth.

Cigaritis syphax ab. supra-imptinctata Oberth. Eludes Ent. xx. (p. 14) pi. 5. fig. 84 (1896).

Cigaritis ayphax ab. impunclata Oberth. t^ttides Lep. Comp. iii. p. 401 (1909).

Cigaritis siphax ab. paucimacitlata Oberth. Etudes Lep. Comp. x. p. 369 (1915).

An upperside aberration, in which all the black markings, except those on

the discocellulars, and traces of the submarginal series, have disappeared, and

in which the outer margins of the forewings posteriorly are wlaitish. The nature

of the underside is not stated, and only the upperside is figured.

(iii) ab. immaculatus Oberth.

Cigaritis siphax-immaculatus Oberth. Etudes Lep. Comp. x. pi. 292. figs. 2397, 2398 (1915).

This is intermediate between normal siphax and f. supra-im2ncnctata. The

ground-colour of the upperside is not altered at all, the black spotting alone being

reduced. Not at all an unusual form.

An advanced degree of melanism is represented by a male in the Tring

Museum taken by Faroult at Djelfa in June 1913. In this the costal area of fore-

wing, on both surfaces, is entirely and very broadly black, except for a few

remnants of the silver markings. It seems unnecessary to name it.

Genus APHARITIS gen. nov.

Similar in general coloration (with few exceptions) to Cigaritis ; structurally

nearer Spindasis.

Forewing : Costa straight from just beyond base to just short of apex, apex

slightly produced, outer margin (in ^) almost straight from apex to vein 5, where

it is as a rule decidedly angled and, from

^S\sp«> I" ar,V> 445 ''!•. there to inner angle, sUghtly concave ; in

■. ■-, the female more evenly curved through-

„ . . ^^t-a^ClCWi ont, never concave posteriorly. Hindwing

CelispotVt "J^i^J^n n /i»5 „ ,1 wit^ t^i® outer margin evenly rounded to

°"''"^^ <^^^,Jv II MU.... '""' "^cin 2, slightly excavate just above vein

"""^p"'' "^'~i^^K^ B WV ■ -"'^'""^ ^' remainder produced to form a rather

Nl* ■W J!K •'jf "'"i!nr indefinite lobe bearing at vein 16 a tail

Bj"L Y^^ U Uvi-'^-- vvhich is always at least twice as long as

\^ ^U Jm M»^i"i ban"d that at vein 2. Venation and other charac-

|;tt!"- - - ■ ■ \c''5 /W^' ' " *"""''•' '■"• ^^^^ ^^ ^ Spindasis.

."V^vjCf Gtenotype : Apharitis epargyros.

Mcd.in bjnd -• ^^r^ The species of this genus can be

\ separated readily from those of Cigaritis

Fig. M.— Apharitis acamas.nndetaide,^.— by the shape of the wing ; and from

Diagrammatic sketch to show arrange- Spiiidasis most easily by their coloration.

men o spo 9, x . (approx.). j^^ ^j^^^ j^^^^ respect A. Ulacinus is a Uttle

aberrant, and forms a connecting link with Spindasis. They are confined to suit-

able looaUties throughout the desert regions extending from the Sahara to India.

NOVITATES ZoOLOQtOAE XXXII. 1925.

79

Key to the Species of Apharitis.

1. (16) Upperside ground-colour bright ochreous with dark

markings.

2. (5) Dark markings of underside small and widely

separated, not forming prominent bands.

3. (4) Base and costa of hindwing, base, costa and hind

margin of forewing rather broadly suffused black ; length

of forewing 14 mm. or less ..... cih'.ssa.

4. (3) Wings not so suffused, or only very narrowly ; length

of forewing at least 15 mm. ..... maxima.

5. (2) Dark markings of underside connected together (or

nearly so) to form prominent chain-like bands.

6. (9) Ciu'ved black hues forming inner edge of submarginal

band of miderside of forewing with their convex sides

towards base.

7. (8) Dark markings of underside (except their black edges)

dull ochreous ........ epargyros.

8. (7) Same markings (except edges) bright orange . . myrmecopMla.

9. (6) Same lines straight, or curved in the opposite sense.

10. (14) Hindwing above devoid of black markings, except

for slight costal suffusion and marginal line.

11. (12) (13) Markings of underside mainly orange-

ochreous, rather broken up . ..... acamas divisa.

12. (11) (13) Markings of underside light dull ochreous,

normal in arrangement ...... acamas bellatrix.

13. (11) (12) Markings of underside large and heavy, mainly

greenish-brown ; apical band on underside of hindwing

united with submarginal band at each end and with

median band in area 5 ..... . gilletti.

14. (10) Hindwing above with bands of underside clearly

represented by diffuse black bands .... acamas.

15. (18) Upperside ground-colour white or pale straw-colour.

16. (17) Subapical dark spots on forewing above, confluent

with submarginal band ; ground-colour whitish from

costa of forewing to about vein 4, ochreous for remainder

and on hindwing, much reduced in extent by the heavy

black markings ....... nilus.

17. (16) Same spots not confluent; ground-colour white

tliroughout, occupying about half the wing surfaces . . buchanani.

18. (15) Upperside ground-colour uniformly pale grey-

brown, shot with pale lilac-blue in male . . . lilacinua.

1. Apharitis cilissa Led. (text-figs. 3, 3a, 3b).

Cigaritia cilissa Led. Wien. Ent. Mon. v. p. 147, figs. (1861); Staud. Cat. p. 76 (1901) (part) ;

Seitz, Macrohp. i. p. 279, pi. 75i (1909).

cj$. The figures quoted characterise this species quite well. In size it

never exceeds a forewing length of 14 mm. in the (J, or 16 mm. $, judging by the

80

NOVTTATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXII. 1925.

32 specimens examined ; the upperside ground-colour is ochreous, inclined to be

rather pale ; in both sexes the central ceU-spot of forewing is large, and the

basal cell-spot, when not enveloped by

a black basal suffusion, quite distinct ;

the costal and marginal black suffusion

usually includes the upper of the three

subapical spots, and extends as a rule

from margin more than half-way to the

lower of these spots ; a submarginal

series of black spots is sometimes indi-

cated. On the hindwing the black

basal suffusion extends as far as the

end of the cell, and, filling the greater

part of areas 6 and 7, joins with the

marginal dark border.

On the underside the pale creamy-

white ground-colour is tinged in places

(principally about veins 2 and 3 of

both wings) with pinkish ochreous ; the marginal and submarginal series of

spots are rather closely approximate, the spots of the latter series in areas 4

FlQ. 3. — Aphariti.

3. eili s?<»

cilisaa, (J. — Genitalia, lateral

view.

3a. Cil iS*«

(V4r>hr»/ <tSf*<.^j

Fig. 3(J. — The same, ventral

view.

Fio. 36. — Tlie same, dorsal

view.

and 5 of hindwing joined to the spots of the subapical series in the same areas,

the six spots thus closely approximated having a disjointed appearance.

Hab. N. Syria and Kurdistan.

Life-history unknown.

Variation is not very considerable, only one form belonging to this species

having been described.

NOVTTATES ZoOLOGIOiB XXXII. 1925. 81

A. cilissa f. minima Staud.

Staudinger (I.e.) characterises this form as " duplo minor, obscurior," and

gives as locaUty " S. Taurus." One specimen in the British Museum, unfortu-

nately without locaUty, appears referable to this form. It is certainly very

much smaller than normal examples, has wider black borders, and is generally

much duUer and more black-suffused above.

Staudinger's var. maxima is a distinct species.

2. Apharitis maxima Staud. (text-fig. 4).

Cigaritis cilissa var. maxima Staud. Cat. p. 76 (1901) ; Seitz, Macrohp. i. p. 279 (1909).

C. maxima Peile, Journ. Bombay N.H. Soc. xxviii. p. 264 (1922).

C. cilissa var. maxima Rebel, S.B. Ah. Wiss. Wien. 126, Ab. i. p. 259 (1917).

(J$. Very similar to the preceding species, but always larger. The specimens

examined (4 J, 8 $) measure not less than 16 mm. as to the length of the forewing

in the (J, 18 mm. in the $. The

upperside ground-colour is a rich

bright ochreous ; the basal cell-spot

is absent or barely indicated, the

black basal suffusion never of

sufficient extent to obscure it ; the

costal black is confined to the costal

edge and the veins, principally,

especially in the female ; the marginal

black band, barely more than 1 mm.

wide, runs clear of the subapical

spots by a very wide margin ; sub-

marginal series absent. The hind-

wing is almost devoid of black basal

suffusion.

On the underside the ground-

colour is a very even pale creamy-

white, the darker areas being confined along veins 2 and 3 of the hindwings.

The spots of the submarginal series are not noticeably approximated to those of

the marginal series ; the remainder of the spots only narrowly black-ringed

and inconspicuously silver-marked or filled only with the pale yellow ground-

colour.

Hab. KuRDiST.iN : Mardin, Malatia, Suwarra, Harir, etc. N. Syria :

Amanus Mountains.

Life-history unknown.

Fig. 4. — Apharit

U-. r^na ictma.

1 maxima,,^. — Genitalia, lateral

view.

3. Apharitis myimecophila.

Cigaritia myrmeeophila Dumout, BuU. Soc, Ent. France, p, 217, 1922.

" Expanse 24-32 mm. Wings bright orange fulvous, bordered by a blackish

marguial line [and] bearing separated black spots, variable in number, arranged

approximately as in acamas Klug ; on the forewings a quadrangular whitish

spot near apex. Cilia creamy white. Underside creamy white, the internal

and external margins washed with salmon-colour, and fulvous-orange ocellate

6

82 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXII. 1926.

spota, partially confluent, bordered with black and pupUled with silver ; marginal

line preceded by a Une of black internervular points. Hindwings with the costal

area obscured with brownish shading sometimes into black, extending more or

less in the form of dots, spots or bands, but never reaching beyond vein 2 ; the

strongly festooned terminal Une forms an arched spot between the tails and

another, rectangular, at anal angle. Tails tricolor ; base fulvous, middle black,

tip white. Underside creamy white with five transverse rows of fulvous-orange

spots, pupilled with silver, of which the two basal have separated spots ; the

others are confluent and form a series of three chains. Marginal line fulvous,

intersected by black and preceded by a line of four black spots.

"Types. Tunisia, dunes of Tozeur-Nefta ; June-July 1919.

" This species approaches C. acamas Klug. but is sharply distinguished by

the following characters :

" Size generally smaller, appearance more delicate. Forewing with the

external margin more convex. The underside of all four wings, pure white

with fulvous-orange markings in myrmecopliila, is dirty yellowish white with the

hands and spots ochreous brown in acamas.

" Egg. — The egg is a spheroid flattened below, slightly tapering and rounded

above ; the surface covered with pentagonal cells arranged in circles perpen-

dicular to the axis, the largest at the widest point.

" Larva. — ^The full grown larva is 18-25 mm. ; flattened, subparallel,

faintly depressed posteriorly in 9-12 ; its covering greyish, densely clothed with

short or prominent hairs, which give it a reddish granitic appearance ; head small,

shiny black ; chitinous shield transversely grooved, anterior margin curved up,

black ; mesothorax reddish brown hke the dorsal line ; a latero-dorsal line of

suborbicular brown spots on a reddish blackground in 3-10 ; 11th segment is

provided with two cylindro-conical chitinous tubes, black, enclosing the erectile

organs ; preceding these, on a rectangular vinous patch is to be seen the gland

which the ants attend ; anal flap small, shiny brown ; stigmata in reUef, yellowish,

encircled with black. Thoracic feet black-brown ; abdominal concolorous.

" Chrysalis. — Pale brown, short, stumpy, interiorly arched with a blunt

cremaster.

" In June and July aU stages can be foimd at the same time ; egg, larva,

pupa, butterfly.

" The larva, nocturnal, feeds exclusively on the shoots of Caligonum comosum

L'Herit. ; in the day it remains motionless in the subterranean tunnels dug by

the ants at the foot of the plant ; these large spacious tunnels seem set apart

especially for the use of the larvae, for the nest proper, enclosing the brood, is

situated in the opposite direction. It is in these galleries that the various trans-

formations of the lepidopteron take place, the pupa fastening itself by its cremaster

to the vault of the tunnel. These caterpillars are very lazy, and it is by various

manceuvres, stroking, biting, etc., that the ants succeed at nightfall in making

them cUmb up to the food plant.

' ' Dr. Santschi finds two species of ant : the large one, Catoglyphia bicolor L. ,

and a small one, Cremastogaster auberli. Is the small one the slave of the large

one ? "

M. Dumont has most kindly presented to the British Museum three speci-

mens of this delightful little species. Its underside resembles more closely

that of A. acamas divisa Roths, than that of any other form.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXII. 1925.

83

4. Aphaxitis epargyros Evers. (text-fig. 5).

Polyommatus epargyros Evers., Bull. Mosc. 27, ii. p. 178. pi. 1. figs. 1, 2 (1854).

Aphnaetie epargyros Riley, Ann. Mag. N.H. (9), 8, p. 598 (1921).

Cigarites acamas Lederer, Wien. Ent. Man. 1, p. 27 (1857) (part).

Cigaritis acamas Bienert, Lep. Erg. Reis. Pers. p. 29 (1871) (part) ; Staud., Cat. p. 9 (1871) (part) ;

Christ., Hor. Soc. Ent. Ros. 10. p. 22 (1873) (part) ; Ersohoff, Fedshenko Reise Turk. 2. p. 10

(1874) (probably) ; Gr.-Grsh., Rom. Mem. 4, p. 366

(1890) (part); Staud., Cat. p. 76 (1901) (part);

Seitz, Macrolep. 1. p. 279 (1909) (part).

Aphnaeus acamas Kirby, Cat. Dium. Lep. p. 404 (1871)

(part) ; Riihl, Pal. Gr.-Schmett. p. 220, p. 748 (1892-

95) (part) ; Swinhoe, Lep. Ind. 9. pi. 734. figs. 1, 16

(only) (1912) ; Courvoisier, Iris, 35. p. 74 (1921)

(part).

This delicate little species bears so close

a superficial resemblance to A. acamas that,

as pointed out on a previous occasion (RUey,

I.e.), it has been treated by every author as

synonymous with acamas till the present.

The difierences are very clear, however,

and in view of the excellence of Eversmann's

original figure and description there is no excuse

for the confusion. The species is not excessively rare, though more limited in

its distribution than is acamas.

The main differences may be summarised :

5- &pa fa\jfo s

Fio. 5. — Apharitis epargyros, J.-

Gonitalia, lateral view.

Base of fore wing to origin of vein 2,

and base of hindwing all grey.

Pale apical spot in area 6 very fre-

quently extends to areas 5 and 4, and

is quite white.

Forewing below with submarginal band

inwardly edged by straight black

fines.

Forewing hind margin very evenly

convex.

(J clasper ends disstaUy almost as a

point, preceded on dorsal margin

by a short blunt conical projection

(see figures).

The species ranges from Kurdistan

Kirghis Steppes and Kuldja.

epargyros.

Same areas clear yellow, as rest of

wing.

Pale apical spot in area 0 only, and

never pure white.

Same lines invariably crescentic.

Same margin much excavate poste-

riorly.

(J clasper ends distally as a blunt

cone ; not preceded by projection on

dorsal margin (see figure).

to Baluchistan and northwards to the

(a) A, epargyros epargyros.

Polyommatus epargyros Evers. Bull. Mosc. 1854 (ii.) p. 178, pi. 1. figs. 1 and 2,

Aphnaeus acamas Swinhoe {nee Klug), Lep. Ind. ix. p. 163. pi. 734. figs. 1, 16. {nee la) (1912).

Aphnaeus epargyros Riley, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) viii. p. 598 (1921).

(J$. Upperside, loth wiiigs : Bright fulvous with black markings, a black

anteoiUar fine and white cilia. Forewing : The dark markings consist typically

84 NOVTTATES ZOOLOOIOAE XXXII. 1925.

of a subquadrate spot towards anterior margin of all centrally ; a broad bar

across discocellulars from costa to vein ; a subapical bar of 3 quadrate spots,

the middle one considerably displaced towards base of wing ; followed by a pale

subapical spot in area 6 and preceded by a black spot almost on costa ; a sub-

marginal series of 5 black spots just separated by the veins. Hindwing : a dark

difiuse spot towards base of cell, and another on discocellulars, both prolonged

as dark bands extending to costa ; a similar dark subapical band extending to

vein 4 ; a submargLnal band as on forewing reacliing to vein 3.

Underside : As described for acamas, but with pure-white ground-colour, the

dark markings paler, and the following further differences : forewing, an addi-

tional small costal spot just above subapical band ; the submarginal band less

continuous, inwardly edged by a series of crescentic black lines with their convex

sides towards base of wing ; the middle and lower spots of subapical band never

fused to form one large oblong spot. Hindwing : submarginal band shows

same differences as that of forewing ; subapical band also more disjointed than

in acamas.

Length of forewing: ^ 13-15 mm., 9 15-17 mm.

Hab. Kirghis Steppes (type locality), Sir-Darja, Kuldja, Persia N. and E.,

Baluchistan.

Life-history unknown.

f. transcaspica Staud.

Cigaritis acamas var. transcaspica Staud., Cat. Lep. Pal. p. 76 (1901).

A form is described differing from typical epargyros in that it is " above

darker brown, with the dark markings broader ; underside more obscure."

I have been enabled to satisfy myself that this is a form of epargyros and

not of acamas by means of authentic specimens in the Tring Museum. Apart

from this, however, true acamas is not known to occur in Transcaspia.

The form does not appear to be limited in its geographical distribution to

any particular regions. It occurs in Transcaspia (Nuchur, the tj'pe locality),

also in other parts of Persia, and at Kojak Pass, Baluchistan ; whilst at Schahrud

in Persia specimens inseparable from typical epargyros occur, so that to regard

it as a local race would appear to be unjustifiable. It may possibly be a mountain

or in some way a climatic form, however.

The black markings of the upperside are not so greatly increased as in the

race viarginalis, but on the other hand the underside is decidedly browner

and more heavily marked.

(6) epargyros marginalia Riley.

Aphnaeus epargyros marginalis Riley, Ann. Mag. N.B. (9) viii. p. 598 (1921) ; Peile, J. Bomb. N.H.

.5oc. 28. p. 263(1922).

Differs from typical epargyros (as described above), by its much smaller

size, darker ground-colour, and the great increase in the size of the black markings

above. The submarginal band of the forewing is so wide as to join the marginal

line, thus forming a broad black band which, posteriorly, joins the median trans-

verse band. The triangular patch of ground-colour so enclosed is nearly half

NOVITATES ZOOLOQIOAE XXXII. 1925. 85

filled by four spots between vein 4 and the costa. The black markings of the

hindwing are correspondingly larger.

On the underside the ground-colour is greenish grey, and the irregular

blotches, which in epargyros are pale ochreous, are similarly sUghtly greenish.

The blotches themselves are more rounded, neater, less contrasted with the

ground-colour, and the whole underside has a more delicate appearance than in

tj'pical epargyros.

Hab. N.W. Persia : Paitak ; Kurdistan : Suleimanyeh.

5. Apharitis gilletti sp. nov. (text- fig. 6).

Most nearly resembles A. acamas hellalrix Butler.

cj?. Upperside, both wings : Bright fulvous, a black anteciliar line, ciUa

paler. Forewing : Ground-colour rather paler towards apex, in areas 4 to

costa and distal portion of cell. The usual dark markings of the genus present

but faint, absent below vein 2 ; submarginal

series clearlj' interrupted by the veins.

Hindwing : Dark markings absent, or repre-

sented by the underside markings showing

through.

Underside : As described for A. a.

hypargyros, but with the following differ-

ences : dark blotches mainly greenish-brown ;

marginal line reduced to a series of dots ;

ochreous marginal suffusion extending to

the submarginal band and filling areas 1-2

of forewing; large spot across area 2 and i, g.iieHi

base of 3 faintly silver-marked, the band of p^^ e.-Apharitis gilletti, <j.-Gemtaiia.

which it forms part not fused with sub- lateral view,

marginal band posteriorly ; dark lines

bordering submarginal band each side straight ; the costal spot just beyond

cell-end joining the spots in areas 4 and 5, thus forming a band, but the middle

spot of these three inwardly displaced. Hindwing: Upper basal spots not

elongate, but round, the fourth similar ; lowest spot of subbasal series similar in

size and shape to the third ; apical band much angled, joined to submarginal

band at both ends, and touching median band in area 5.

Length of forewing : c?$ 14 mm.

Hab. SoMALiLAND (January 1897, Gillett).

Described from 2^ 3, 1 $ in the British Museum, which were formerly attri-

buted to bellatrix Butler (q.v.).

The species is closely allied to acamas and epargyros, but the differences

mentioned above coupled with those in the form of the <S genitaha, would seem

to justify its separation as a species. It is also geographically very isolated from

the other species of the genus. The form of the ;J olasper, as compared with

that of acamas, will best be appreciated by reference to the figure.

Life-history unknown.

86 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXII. 1925.

6. Apharitis acamas Klug.

Lycaena atamas BUug, Symh. Phys. (1834).

Zerilis acanms Weatw., Doubl. & Hew. Gen. Dinrn. Lep. p. 501 (1852).

Cigarites acamas Lederer, Wien. Ent. Mon, i. p. 27, pi. 1. fig. 1 (1857) (part).

Cigaritis acamas Bienert, Lep. Erg. Reise Persien, p. 29 (1871) (part) ; Staud. Cat. p. 9 (1871) (part) ;

Christ., Hor. Soc. Enl. Ross. 10. p. 22 (1873) (part) ; Gr.-Grsh. Rom. Mem. i. p. 366 (1890)

(part) ; Staud. Cat. p. 76 (1901) (part) ; Seitz, Macrohp. 1, p. 279. pi. 75 i (1909) (part).

Aphnaeus acamas Hew. III. Dinrn. Lep. p. 62 (1869) ; Kirby, Cat. Dinrn. Lep. p. 404 (1871) (part) j

RuU, Pal. Gr.-Scfimetf. p. 220 and p. 748 (1892-95) (part) ; Courvoisier, Iris, 35, p. 74 (1921)

(part) ; Riley, Ann. Mag. N.H. (9), 8. p. 599 (1921).

cj ?. Upperside, both wings : Ground-colour bright ochreous to deep brownish

ochreous, base greyish, antecUiar line black, cilia whitish. Forewing : Costa

greyish, ground-colour in neighbourhood of costa and apex usually more or less

replaced by white, or whitish ; dark markings usually consist of a cell-spot,

median band, variable in outline and extent of development, three visible sub-

apical spots of which the lower 2 are joined together, and nearer the cell than the

third, a submarginal band, and a broken marginal line usually fused with the ante-

cUiar hne. The median band often tends to disappear posteriori}'. Submarginal

band is rarely broken by the veins, frequently large and fused with antecUiar line.

Specimens with dark ground-colour usually have dark markings very large and

more or less coalescent. Hindwing : Costal area usually darkened, greyish,

like the basal area ; spot at cell-end ; median, subapical and submarginal bands

present at least anteriorly, rather indefinite, when well developed tending to

coalescence, almost the whole wing then being suffused blackish.

Underside, both ivings : Ground-colour very pale ochreous or white, marked

by numerous dull fulvous, black-edged and (usually) silver-centred bands and

spots, as shown in figure (Fig. 13). Inner edge of submarginal band formed of

straight Hues. Forewing with only four subapical spots. Hindwing with

subapical band comparatively straight as a rule.

Length of forewing : ^ 12-18 mm. ; $ 13-20 mm.

Hab. Sahara (Hoggar Mountains), Lower Egypt, Arabia, Palestine, Syria,

Cyprus, Taurus to Persia, Chitral and Sind.

Life-history, see p. 91.

This species is extremely variable, both in the markings and coloration of

the wings and in the ^ genitalia, and it was only after a careful examination

of a number of specimens and dissections that the conviction arose that the

forms here dealt with under acamas really all belong to one species. A. acamas

is the most widely distributed, the commonest, and the most variable species in

the genus. The other species are stable by comparison.

A number of local races have been developed.

(a) A. acamas divisa Roths, (text-fig. 7).

Spiiidasis acamas divisa Roths. Ann. Mag. N.H. (8) xvi, p, 248 (1915),

(J. Upperside : Very similar to that of A. gillelti, but brighter, less dusky.

Forewing : Apical area (broadly), cell, and hind margin, whitish, shading off into

ground-colour ; costa and base of wing grey ; the dark markings brownish-black,

separated by the veins into series of spots, not bands. Hindwing: Costal

NOVITATBS ZOOLOOIOAE XXXII. 1925.

87

area (broadl}^), and base, grey ; marginal series of short dark lines united with

anteeiliar line, giving margin a crenate appearance ; no other dark markings.

Underside : Ground-colour very pale ochreous, with a faint pink tinge

especially on inner marginal area of forewing. Markings arranged as usual for

the species, but small, clear-cut, well-separated, filled with bright oclu-eous. quite

unlike anything in any other subspecies, and suggestive of the underside markings

of Cigaritis allardi.

Length of forewing : 15 mm.

Hab. C. Sahara : Oued Ahmra, N. of Ideles, Hoggar Mountains.

The upperside of this very distinct race is nearest that of A. gilletti and

acamas bellatrix. The underside, however, would suggest almost a distinct

species. Yet the genitalia of the unique rj type (not $), which Lord Rothschild

kindly permitted me to examine, show clearly its alhance with acamas.

OCarrtA* OCO't^LKg

"7. acomos diviiu

Q aCOir^yoi OcarrtdS

10 OCOmaS hup(»r-g« ros

Fig. l.—A. acamas divisa, ^ ; Hoggar Mts., Sahara. ^Genitalia, lateral view.

FiQ. 8. — .4. acamas acamas, ^ ; Palestine. — Genitalia, lateral view.

Fig. 9. — A. acamas acamas, ^ ; N.W. Persia. — Genitalia, lateral view.

Fig. 10. — A. acamas hypargyros. ^ ; Campbellpur. — Genitalia, lateral view.

88 NOVITATBB ZOOLOOIOAE XXXII. 1925.

(6) A, acamas bellatrix Butler.

Spindaais bellatrix Butler, P.Z.S. 1886. p. 369 (footnote).

Lycaena acamas King, Symh. Phys. pi. 40. fig. 7, (J {nee figs. 8-9, ?) (1834).

5. acamas var. bellatrix Auriv, Rhop. Aeth. p. 332 (1898).

Spindasis bellatrix Auriv.; Seitz, Macrolep. 13. p. 414 (1923).

(J$. Smaller than typical (Syrian) acamas ; ground-colour bright fulvous ;

the black markings of upperside, except anteciUar line, much reduced or absent.

Forewing : The submarginal band narrow, more or less continuous, other black

markings restricted to costal half of wing. Hindwing : Devoid of markings.

Underside as usual for the species, but the markings rather brighter brown than

typical acamas.

Hab. Akabia : " Arabia felix " [Asir] (Klug) ; Sudau : Suakin.

King figures a (J of this form with a Syrian $. His description applies to

either. It seems best, therefore, to regard the SjTian form as the typical form, as

it has been so treated by most authors. Specimens of the race bellatrix are

decidedly rare in coDections. The only specimens I have seen are 1 ^ from

Klug's type material, Butler's type $ of bellatrix from Suakin in the British

Museum, and a cotype of the latter in Mr. Joicey's collection.

(c) A. acamas egyptiaca ssp. nov.

Spindasis {Aphnaeus) acamas Manders, Ent. Bee. 27. p. 62 (1915).

Cigaritis acamas Gi&vea, Bui. Soc. Ent. Egypt, iv, p. 137, p. 141 (1916); WilUams, op. cit. v,

p. 94; Boyd, p. Ill (1918); Graves, Ent. Rec. 31, p. 7 (1917); Andres & Seitz, Sencken-

bergiana, 5. p. 38 (1923), and 7. p. 55 (1925).

cj$. Size and markings as in acamas acamas, but the ground-colour a much

more vivid ochreous, the dark markings not so large, much more sharply defined

and intensely black, contrastiBg strongly with the ground-colour ; marginal and

submarginal bands of forewing well separated.

Underside : Differs in the same manner, so that the dark markings look

rather small and are very prominent. There is a marked tendencj' for the

anterior portions of the subbasal and median bands of hindwing to unite on the

costa into a horseshoe marking.

Hab. Egypt : Mokattam Hills, April (P. P. Graves) ; Route de Suez,

7th tower, September (Alfieri). Palestine: Ludd {A. F. Hemming Coll.).

A very clearly defined race. I have seen only 2 c?'s and 1 $ in Major P. P.

Graves' collection, which include the types from Egypt and the single $ from

Suez in the Tring Museum, but Mr. Hemming possesses a long series of this

boldly marked race collected at Ludd in Palestine during June and July.

In this last-mentioned specimen the horseshoe-shape mark on costa of

hindwing below is completely developed. In the other specimens it is not

so complete, but always present — a curious varietal tendency barely apparent

(though traceable rarely in occasional specimens) in any other subspecies, but

in this instance characteristic, it would seem, of the entire race.

(rf) A. acamas acamas (text-figs. 8 and 9).

Lycaena acamas Klug, Symb. Phys. pi. 40. figs. 8, 9 (?) (1834).

Cigarites acamas Lederer, Verh. z. b. Oes. Wien, v. p. 188 (1855).

Cigaritis acatnas Nioholl, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1901, p. 90 ; Seitz, Macrolep. 1, p. 279, pi. 75 i', 1909

(part) ; Graves, Ent. Rec. 23. p. 34 (et seq.) (1911).

NOVITATEB ZOOLOOICAE XXXII. 1925. 89

c?$. Upperside: Ground-colour rather dusky ochreous, the dark markings

generally complete, but not intense, dusky greyish rather than black. Forewing

with marginal and siibmarginal bands always separate, the dark markings in

areas 1 and 2 inclined to be less definite than the others, apical pale area not

prominent. The hindwing and the under-side call for little comment, as the form

has been well figured several times. The dark markings of the underside are

comparatively large and regular, and occupy the greater part of the surface at

the expense of the white ground-colour.

Length of forewing : (J 14-16 mm. ; $ 15-19 mm.

Hob. Syria : Lebanon, Beyrout. Palestine : Jerusalem, Akka, etc.

Mesopotamia and N.W. Persia.

A very constant race. The only aberration I have seen is a very bright

fulvous 9 from Jerusalem (P. A. Buxton), in which the dark markings of the upper-

side are confined to the costal and hind-marginal areas of forewing, to the costal

area alone on the hindwing. The genitalia of Persian specimens show a slight

approach to those of a. hypargyros.

(e) A. acamas cypriaca ssp. nov.

Cigaritis acamaa Turner, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1920, p. 196.

cj$. Very similar to acamas acamas, especially the form from N.W. Persia

and Mesopotamia. Upperside with the ground-colour much obscured by a

suffusion of grey extending from the bases of the wings outwards ; dark markings

well developed ; marginal and submarginal bands tending to coalesce. Under-

side with the spots more blackish brown than in acamas acamas, the ground-colour

a much purer white.

Hob. Cyprus : Episkopis, September (Mavromustakis).

The types ^ and $ are from Episkopis and are in the Tring Museum.

Another pair (cotjqjes) is in the Hill Museum.

(/) A. acamas obscurata Staud.

Cigaritis acamas var. obscurala Staud. Cat. p. 76 (1901) ; Seitz, Gfr.-Schmett i. p. 279 (1909).

This variety is described as being " almost entirely (or for the greater part)

suffused with blackish above." I have not seen it.

Hab. Taurus : Hadjin.

{g) A. acamas hypargyros Butler (text-fig. 10).

Spindaais hypargyros Butler, P.Z.S. p. 369 (1886) ; id. Ann. Mag. N.H. (6) 1. p. 151 (1888).

Aphnaeus hypargyrus de Nicev. ; Butl. India, 3. p. 352 (1890) ; Nurse, J.B.N.H.S. p. 512 (1899)

and p. 361 (1903) ; Eraser, J.B.N.H.S. p. 528 (1910) ; Swinhoe, Lep. Ind. 9. p. 164, pi. 734.

figs. 2c, 2d, 2e (only) (1912) ; BeU, J.B.N.H.S. p. 482 (1919).

Aphnaeus {Cigaritis) acamas hypargyrus Evans, J.B.N.H.S. 21. p. 989 (1912).

Aphnaeus acamas hypargyros Riley, Ann. Mag. N.H. (9) 8. p. 599 (1921).

Aphnaeus acamas Butl. Ann. Mag. N.H. (5) 9. p. 208 (1882) ; Swinhoe, P.Z.S. p. 507 (1884) ;

id., Trans. Ent. Soc. p. 342 (1885) ; Swinhoe, Lep. Ind. 9, pi. 734. fig. la (1912).

(J. Upperside, both luings : Ground-colour pale ochreous, heavily marked

with dark-brown spots and bands, cilia pure white. Forewing : Basal third

greyish brown, the costa and both margins evenly but rather narrowly bordered

with dark brown, the area between vein 5 and costal border whitish, the hind-

marginal border bearing throughout a fine interrupted paler dividing-line ; from

90 NOVTTATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXII. 1925.

apex to distal end of area la a broad even very dark-brown band, joining there a

similar, twice-bent band running from centre of costa ; within the area so enclosed

are three large quadrate spots in areas 4, 5 and 6, 4 and 5 in line, 6 just touching

outer edge of 5. — — Hind wing : Within a line from centre of costa to anal angle

uniformlj' dark grey- brown, beyond ochreous, except for area from costa to vein 5,

wliich is dark grey-brown, the very much darker broad submarginal band, and

a similar short band from costa to vein 4 ; margin narrowly black, submarginal

band not reaching anal angle, or, if so, only in very much reduced form ; anal

lobe black with a few scattered sUver scales, taUs very dark brown, paler at base.

Underside, both wings : White with numerous dull, pale-brown, black-

edged and silver-marked bands and spots ; a narrow anteciUar black line,

preceded by a narrow black interrupted marginal line, the narrow area between

the two very pale ochreous ; ciha pure white. — ■ — Forewing : Costa very pale

ochreous, markings arranged as above with the addition of a small subbasal

spot, a large transverse spot at origin of vein 2, in cell, a costal spot just beyond

cell-end, joining those in areas 4 and 5, that in area 4 outwardly displaced, and a

large grey wedge-shaped mark occupying the base of area \a and not marked

with silver. Of the angled band from centre of costa to anal angle only the

anterior portion is marked with silver, and posteriorly it is not completely

fused with the submarginal band. The black edging of submarginal band is

interrupted at each vein, each segment so formed being outwardly convex, the

silver markings not central, but on the outer edge only, in areas 2 to apex.

Hindwing : a basal series of 4 spots, the two upper usually streaks rather than

spots, the third, in cell, small, the fourth elongate ; a subbasal series of 4 much

larger spots, the uppermost from costa to cell, elongate, the next, in cell, round

and the smallest, the third much the same as the first, but more oval, its long

axis parallel to vein 2, the fourth twice as long, but much narrower, parallel to

the third spot ; beyond this a sinuous transverse band, formed of fused elongate

spots, from centre of costa towards anal angle, where it joins submarginal band ; a

similar, apical band midway between this and submarginal band extending from

costa to vein 4 ; the silver markings of all the spots so far mentioned, central.

Submarginal band runs from vein 7 to anal angle, and thence to centre of inner

margin, broadest between vein 5 and anal angle, silver markings throughout on

its outer edge. Tails black, orange at base ; anal lobe black, the area between

lobe and submarginal band suffused dvdl brown.

$. Upperside, both tciiigs : Groimd-colour brighter than in ^, the black

markings less prominent, the white costal area not extending below vein 6.

Underside, both wings : Exactly similar to (J.

Length of forewing : (J$ 16-18 mm.

Hab. N.W. Punjab : Campbellpur iv-vii, Khairabad iv. Baluchistan :

Quetta and neighbourhood vi, Chaman v-x, Karain (" S. Afghanistan ") v.

SiNDH ; Karachi i-ii, vii-viii, Haiderabad. Kutch ; Bhuj, " beginning of

rains."

{h) A. acamas chitralensis ssp. nov.

Aphnaeus hypargyros Leslie & Evans, J.B.N.H.S. p. 675, 1903.

Aphnaetts hypargyros (part) and acamas (part), Swinhoe, Lep. Ind. ix. p. 163. pi, 734. figs. 2, 2a

and 26, 1912.

J$. Upperside, both wings : Ground-colour much deeper ochreous than

in acamas hypargyros, the black markings more prominent and more diffuse,

NOVITATKS ZOOLOOIOAE XXXII. 1926. 91

the marginal and submargiiial black bands of forewing coalescent, white costal

areas reduced to one small apical white spot. Hind wing : Very dark, the

ochreous areas much reduced in extent. Underside, both ivings : The dark

markings as in hypargyros, but darker, more prominent and more heavily black-

edged. On the forewing the costal spot at cell-end and the next beyond are both

usually rather displaced basad ; on the hindwing the third spot in the subbasal

series is slightly more elongate.

Length of forewing : ^11 mm., $ 18 mm.

Location of Types. — British Museum : No. Rh. 207 cJ : C'hitral, Nagar viii,

1901, Leslie and Evans ; No. Rh. 208 ? : Chitral, Nagar, 4,000 ft., viii, 1903,

A. R. C. Saunders.

Hab. Only so far recorded from Chitral, where it occurs up to about 9,000 ft.

during v-viii, e.g. Nagar, Utzen Nullah, Drosh, etc.

The only account of the life-history of this species is that given by Fraser

(I.e.), which refers to the acamas hypargyros bred by him at Haiderabad, Sind.

The following are extracts.

Egg. " The size of the head of a No. 10 entomological pin, and not unUke

the spineless shell of Echinus esculentus. It is dome-shaped, flattened on the

resting surface, and presents a pit at the apex of the dome. The upper surface

is mammellated and finely pitted between the mamellar processes. In colour

it is a dead white."

Larva. " The larvae appear first as tiny, hairy, mahogany-red creatures.

The head from first to last moult is jet-black. The hair of the first skin is coarse

and white, with the exception of eight black hairs which project horizontally

back from the rear of the 13th segment.

" In the full-grown larva the prevailing colour is fawn, but the mahogany-red

tint persists on the first three segments and on the dorsum of the 11th, 12th and

13th ; there is, however, a small patch of fawn on the sides of the first two seg-

ments. There are fine double-Hnes of mahogany-red along the back and the

sides and a row of dots of the same colour extending from the 4th to the 10th

segments. On the dorsum of the second segment is a black, shiny chitinous

plate beneath which the head of the larva is retracted if alai-med. The 1 2th

segment bears dorsally two fleshy pillars, each siu-mounted by three stiff bristles

arranged in an equilateral triangle. These pillars are hoUow and from them

project fine hairs ; when the larva is irritated a fleshy tongue is flickered in and

out of these with great rapidity very much in the manner of a snake's tongue.

Viewed under the microscope the larva shows a remarkable arrangement of star-

like, fleshy processes, which cover the entire skin so closely as to form a complete

net-hke coat. The colouration is confined to these stellate spots."

Pupa. " The pupa is dark brown or blackish in colour. The head is

rounded and stands out in reUef from the body by reason of the very prominent

shoulders. The abdomen tapers gradually. It is firmly fixed by the taO to the

cocoon, which is usually composed of two leaves loosely woven together and

open at both sides."

The food plant is Cassia — Bell suggests probably C. fistula or C. auricxdata —

and the eggs are laid on a twig near by or on a bract at the base of a leaf, hatching

in about 5 days. " When the larva is at rest it wiU project the tongue-Uke pro-

cesses (on 12th segment) in and out about every 10 seconds, and will continue

92 NOVITATES ZOOLOOIOAE XXXII. 1926.

to do so for long periods. I was not able to determine whether this action was

protective in nature or for the purpose of signalling up ants. It was carried on

for a long time preparatory to spinning the cocoon. Like most Ljxaenid larvae

these are always attended by ants."

7. Apharitis nilus Hew. (text-figs. 11 and 12).

Aphnaeus niUis Hew. III. Dixirn. Lep. p. 62 (1865).

Aphnaeus suhaureus Smith, Nov. Zool. v. p. 358 (1898).

Spindasis nilus ani subaurea k\aiv. Rhop. Aeth.f.ZZi (1898); id. Seitz, Gr.-Schmett. 13. p. 415.

pi. 69 y (1923).

Spindasis kadvglii B.-Baker, Ann. Mag. N.H. (8) 17. p. 379 (1916).

cJ$. Upperside: Dark fuscous (blackish brown), the markings of the underside

visible from above, the areas between the discal band and submarginal band filled

in with whitish, more particularly on the fore wing, which in some specimens also

occupies the area between the discal and subbasal series.

Underside : Pale ochreous, the spots in each series large but not very

heavily sUver-marked, black (ochreous and much fainter in dry-season form).

Forewing : Basal costal streak prominent ; no basal cell-spot ; subbasal cell-

spot small, dark ; central cell-spot large, transverse ; discal band very irregular,

but the spots connected, except, occasionally, the anterior two, joining the sub-

marginal series in area 16 ; subapical spots large, except the proximal anterior

spot, the other three connected together, the middle spot of the three much dis-

placed inwardly ; the submarginal series prominent, its spots increasing pro-

gressively in size towards anal angle, the silver markings confined to the inner

ntlu s

Fia. 11. — Apharitis nilus, wet form, (J. — Genitalia.

Fig. 12. — Apharitis nilus, dry form, (J. — Genitalia.

side of the outer black edges of the spots, these black edges continuous on

each side, forming two long black Unes, the separate spots being onl3' indicated

by the intersection of the veins ; spots of marginal series well-defined, well-

separated, black. Hind wing : The black rims of the spots not nearly so heavy

as on forewing ; basal and subbasal series well-defined, the spots all weU separated ;

spots of discal band at least contiguous, forming a practically straight and even

band ; subapical series of four spots similarly arranged, tapering posteriorly ;

submarginal spots as on forewing, the bandformedby them very wavy proximally

NoviTATBS ZooLOOiOAi; XXXn. 1925. 93

and not always equidistant from the outer edge, widest in areas 2, 3 and 6 especially,

the silver confined to the distal black edge as on forewing ; marginal spots large,

black, well separated.

Hab. S. Sudan to N. Nigeria and the northern Gold Coast.

Life-history unknown.

Hewitson's type of nilus represents a normal loet-iorra. $, with the black

markings of the underside all a very definite black. I have compared it very

carefully with Smith's type, also a $, and can find nothing by which to separate

it specifically. Smith's specimen is, however, an intermediate form in which

all the black markings of the underside are beginning to be replaced by reddish-

ochreous. In specimens that I take to represent the fully developed dry form

the only markings in wliich there remains any black on the underside are those

about the base and inner margin of the forewing. The name subaureus might

therefore be retained for the dri/ form of the species, although it is not based

on a typical example of the form. The two extremes were obtained at Gambaga

(Gold Coast) by Dr. Bury, and are now in the Tring Museum. I am unable to

separate Bethune-Baker's kaduglii, described from Kordofan, from this species.

Although marked differences are shown in the accompanying figures of (J

genitalia, the one of a wet, the other of a dry form, it is not to be inferred that

this variation is correlated with external seasonal variation. Only one (J of

each form was available for dissection ; and the differences exhibited are compar-

able with those found in different individuals of e.g. Apharitis acamas hypargyros

occurring together.

8. Apharitis buchanani Roths.

Spindasis buchanani Roths., Nov, Zool. xxviii. p. 155 (1921).

$. Similar to the preceding species (A. nilus), but differs markedly from it

by its smaller size and the greater extent and clearness of the white areas of the

upperside. Even the forewing cell, right to the base (but not the base of area

16), is invaded by the white, and the marginal and submarginal bands are divided

by a distinct pale-grey strip. The differences in the hindwing also are of a similar

nature. The basal areas of both wings have a bluish-grey tinge. The markings

of the underside are clean-cut, sharply defined, not large and coalescent, those

of the hindwing reminding one rather of Gigaritis allardi, especially the subspecies

meridio7ialis.

Hab. N. Nigeria : Farniso near Kano ; S. Sahara : Damagarim, Zinder,

immediately N. of N. Nigeria.

Life-history unknown.

This species has very much the appearance of being a desert race of A. nilus

Hew. It is a smaller, paler, more attenuated-looking insect than is A. nilus,

and it comes from a much more truly desert region. Unfortunately no males

were obtained, so it has not been found possible to compare the male genitalia ;

whilst those of the females have not been examined, as in such instances as

reference has been made to them in this group they have not produced any

characters of very definite taxonomic value.

With the advent of further material it may be possible to decide the degree

of affinity between A. nilus and A. buchanani, but, in the absence of any very

definite evidence, I prefer for tlie moment to treat them as distinct.

94 NOVTTATES ZOOLOCICAE XXXII. 192S.

9. Apharitis lilacinus.

Aphnaeus lilacinus Moore, J. As. Soc. Beng. p. 28 (1884) ; de Nioev., Bull. India, 3. p. 354 (1890),

Watson, J. Bombaij N.H. Soc. p. 35 (1890) ; Aitken & Comber, J. Bombay N.H. Soc. p. 49

(1903) ; Swinhoe, Lep. hid. 9. p. 170. pi. 735. figs. 3, 3a, 36 (1912) ; Evans, J. Bombay N.H.

Soc. 21, p. 989(1912).

Aphnaeus aestivus Swinhoe, P.Z.S. p. 428. pi. 40. fig. 1 (1886).

Wet Foem.

(J. Upperside, both wings : Thin, pale grey, the markings of the underside

showing tlirough to some extent. Forewing : Suffused very light blue, except

costa, apex and hind-margin, the blue not visible from all angles ; a darker

marginal line, cUia very pale, almost white. Hindwing .■ Similarly suffused

blue, except for costal area (above vein 6), abdominal and anal areas ; anal area

orange with a black, silver-marked anal spot.

Underside, both wings : Pale creamy-ochreous, a black anteciliar Une,

ciUa as above. — — Forewing : Some indefinite black streaks at base of cell

followed by a darker ochreous, silver-marked and black-ringed spot, circular, and

two other similar but oblong beyond, of which the furthest (at cell-end) forms

with a small similar, but squarish costal spot above it, and a very large spot

below it (this last free of silver markings), an irregular transverse band ; between

this and the submarginal band of chain-like spots, in which the silver markings

are on the outer edge, are four similar roundish spots forming a rough triangle,

the outer two the larger and parallel to margin ; a marginal series of black

lunules. Hindwing : The markings of the same nature and colour as on

forewing. They are arranged as : a very indefinite basal series of four ; a well-

defined subbasal series, of which the second spot (in cell) is double, and the fourth

(in area 16) very elongate and narrow, the others round ; beyond this a band of

large oblong spots, conjoined, from costa to near anal angle ; a further similar

short band of coalescing spots from costa to vein 4 ; the submarginal series

consisting of smaller and less defined spots than on forewing ; the marginal area

tinged with reddish, especially towards anal angle, which is coloured as above,

but more brightly ; marginal series as on forewing.

$. Upperside, both loings : As in the tj, but entirely devoid of any trace of

blue, orange anal markings on hindwing rather more extended as a rule. Under-

side, both wings : As in the (J.

Length of forewing : (S 14-15 mm. ; $ 15-17 mm.

Dry Form.

^ (and probably the $ also) on the upperside as in the " wet " form. On

the underside both wings are a uniform dull brown, darker than any of the mark-

ings in the "wet" form, on which the silver markings alone are conspicuous,

and, by comparison, larger than in the wet form ; the black rims of the markings,

so prominent in the wet form, reduced to minute striae ; red anal area barely

redder than the ground-colour.

The only specimen seen of this form is much smaller than the " wet " form,

the length of the forewing being only 1 1 mm.

Hab. Punjab : Kussowli. Bengal : Maldah. Bombay : Mliow vii.

Mysore : Bangalore. Upper Assam : North Lakhimpur vi-ix {H. Stevens).

Aestinis was founded on a wet-season form from Mhow ; the type was never

presented to the British Museum, the specimen Col. Swinhoe mistook (I.e.) for

NOVITATBS ZOOLOOIOAE XXXII. 1926. 95

the type being a $ from Kussowli from the Moore Collection. Lilacinus appears

to have been founded on an intermediate form according to de Niceville's state-

ment 1,1.0.).

At Maldah the species is said to have two very distinct broods, " a numerous

brood during the hot months" (d.s.f.), and " a smaller brood, but of much larger

size, prevails during the rains " (w.s.f.) (Irvine, quoted by de Niceville, I.e.).

Life-history imknown.

EXPLANATION OF TEXT-FIGURES.

Drawings throughout (except figures 3a and 36) represent the left side-view

of the genitalia in outline. The entire penis has in every case been removed.

Freehand.

Fig. 1. Gigaritis zohra zohra Donz. Aflou.

,, 2. Gigaritis zohra siphax and erythrea Staud. Kenchela.

Typical zohra and the f. erythrea are externally the two most dis-

similar forms of zohra at present known. Their genitalia, however,

appear to be exactly aUke.

3. Apharitis cilissa Led. (Locality uncertain.)

3a. The same, ventral aspect. Position of penis indicated by dotted line.

36. The same, dorsal aspect, showing the divided uncus and the fakes.

4. Apharitis maxima Staud. Harir, N.W. Persia.

5. A. epargyros Evers. " Turkestan."

6. A. gilletti sp. nov. Somaliland.

7. A, acamas divisa Roths. Hoggar Mountains, C. Sahara.

8. A. acamas acamas Klug. Palestine.

9. A. acamas acamas Klug. N.W. Persia.

10. A. acamas hypargyros Butl. Campbellpur.

11. A. nilus Hew., wet-season form. Gambaga, Gold Coast.

12. A. nilus Hew., dry-season form. Gambaga, Gold Coast.

13. A. acamas Klug. Diagram to show wing markings of underside.

96 NoTITATEa ZOOLOOICAE XXXII. 1925.

NEW SIPHONAPTERA

By dr. KARL JORDAN.

(With text-figs. 1-46.)

THE descriptions here published must be regarded as preliminary, being

restricted to some of the principal characteristics by which the various

new genera, species, and subspecies are distinguished. A fuller account is

reserved for a Monograph of the Siphoyiaptera, which is in course of preparation.

In order to render that Monograph more complete, and therefore more

useful for the students of tropical diseases, it is most desirable that we receive

further material of fleas from all countries, but most particularly from the tropics

and subtropics. The collection of the late Hon. N. Charles Rothschild, which

now belongs to the British Museum, will still remain for some time in its old

quarters at the Zoological Museum, Tring, and any specimens sent to us, either

as a gift or on the terms wliich the late Hon. N. C. Rothschild used to ofier,

will be incorporated in that collection.

1. Hectopsylla stomis spec nov.

$. Frons without angle between oral angle and occiput. Genal process

long and narrow. Hindmargin of occiput without lateral lobe. Maxilla as

short as in H. psittaci. Metepimerum sinuate below posterior dorsal angle

(text-fig. 1), which projects as an obtuse triangular lobe and is not curved

downwards. Segment V of all tarsi with 4 lateral spiniform bristles on each side,

but usually (type) the fourth bristle missing on one side. Anal tergite plus

pygidium larger than in the other known species, the patch of 8 sensory pits

being laterally placed beyond middle of this segment.

Length: ? 1 •8-2-3 mm.

Hab. Ai-gentina ; Canada Mariano, Buenos Aires, xii . 1912 (Miss Runnacles),

on birds, and Bahia Blanca, i.l911 (E. Weiske), on Mephitis ; a small series.

2. Echidnophaga tarda spec. nov.

$. Between E. gallinaceus Westw. 1875 and E. bradyta J. & R. 1906. As

large as E. bradyta. Occiput as in E. gallinaceus with 2 strong bristles above

antennal groove, 1 median, 1 subapical ; hindmargin slightly widened below

middle, but without a distinct lobe. Genal lobe triangular, directed back-

wards ; apex of genal process broad, rounded off (text-fig. 2). Segment I of

maxillary palpus longer than II and IV. Pronotum with 5 bristles on each

side. On metepimerum a row of 5 bristles. Abdominal tergite I with 2 bristles

on each side, II to VII with 1. Stigmata larger than in $ of E. gallinaceus ;

vertical diameter of stigma-cavity of VIII longer than hindtarsal segment II.

Bristles on tergite VIII more numerous than in E. gallinaceus, 20 or more on

each side. On inner side of hindcoxa near middle of posterior margin 1 or 2

long thin bristles. On inner side of hindfemur a row of 5 to 8. Hindtarsal

segment IV longer than broad.

NOVITATES ZOOLOOIOAH XXXII. 1925.

97

Hab. Abyssinia : Addis Abeba (Baron M. de Rothschild), on Hyaena and

Felis manicata ; 2 $$

3. Echidnophaga perilis spec, no v.

$. Head longer than in E. gallinaceus (text-fig. 3) ; occiput with 1 long

bristle. Metepimerum with 3 or 4 bristles. Tarsal segment V larger than in

E. gallinaceus, in hindtarsus at least as long as I to IV, V with 2 ventral

apical bristles as in E. gallinaceus. Abdominal stigmata as in E. gallinaceus

much smaller than in E. myrmecohii J. & R. 1909.

Hab. West Australia : Cranbrook, iii. 1900 (C. J. Tunney), on

Myrmecobius fasciatus ; a small series.

4. Ctenocephalus arabicus spec nov.

ij?. Near Ct. rosmarus Roths. 1907. Genal margin with 1 to 3 spines,

which vary very much in size, the spines of the left side of head usually different

in size and number from those of the right side. Labial palpi reacliing to apex

of coxa, being longer than the maxiUary palpi. Pronotal comb in ^ with 9,

in $ with 11 or 12 spines. On abdominal tergites II to VI a row of 5 bristles on

each side ; sternites III to VI of ^ with 2 bristles each side, VII with 3, in $

III to VII with 4, one or the other sternite with 3 or 5 ; VII sometimes with 5 ;

stigmata of II to VII small ; tergite VIII of $ on outer surface with an

apical row of 7 or 8 bristles, preceded by 4 to 6 bristles, at apical margin 2, rarely

1, on inside 4 to 6. Fifth segment of foretarsus with 5 ventral spimform bristles,

in (J and one of the $$ this segment in mid- and hindtarsus with 4 such spines

(text-fig. 6), in the other $$ with 5.

Hab. Yemen, Arabia : Wasil, on Procavia syriaca jayakari, ii. 1913 (G. W.

Bury) ; 1 <?, 4 ?$.

7

gg NOVITATES ZOOLOOIOAE XXXII. 1926.

5. Ctenocephalus crataepus spec. nov.

^$. Near Ct. craterns Jord. & Roths. 1913. Frons broader, more evenly

convex. Spines of genal comb shorter, the first spine quite small. Labial

palpus reaching to or near apex of forecoxa. Second segment of maxillary

palpus half as long again as first (in Ct. craterus about as long as first). Comb

of pronotum with 14 spines, rarely 15, inclusive of the small ventral spine each

side. Stigmata of abdominal tergites II to VII small ; on each side of these

tergites a row of 5 bristles ; stemites III to VII with 2 bristles on each side,

tergite VIII of $ with an apical row of 7 to 11, preceded by 2 or 3 bristles, at apex

2, on inner side a row of 5 or 6. Fifth segment of all tarsi larger than in any

other known species of this genus, in foretarsus as long as or longer than II to

IV together, in midtarsus about as long as I and II together, in hindtarsus about

twice as long as III ; IV in all tarsi broader than long ; on ventral surface of

V in all tarsi 2 spinif orm bristles and some very small hairs, third lateral bristle

placed at one- third (text-fig. 4).

Hab. Kenya Colony : Rumruti, from Xerus erythropus and Epimys jackaoni,

x.-xi. 1910 (R. Kemp) ; a small series of both sexes.

6. Ctenocephalus connatus spec. nov.

(J?. Head (text-fig. 5, (J) as strongly rounded as in Ct. canis. Above

anteimal groove the median bristle smaller than in Ct. canis and Ct. felis, the

anterior one minute or absent. Labial palpus reaching bej'ond two-thirds of

forecoxa, usually to three-fourths. Praeoral tuber reduced, at least in jj, some-

times also in $, often obsolescent in (J. Above antennal groove in (J the small

hairs arranged in three or even four irregular rows, these hairs being more

numerous than in any other known species of this genus.

Thorax and abdomen with fewer bristles than in Ct. canis, the new species

more or less agreeing therein with Ct. felis. Stigmata of abdominal tergites II

to VI small, much smaller than in either Ct. canis or Ct. felis (the stigmata are

larger in Ct. canis than in any other species of Ctenocephalus). On abdominal

sternites III to VI of $ 3 or 4 bristles on each side (not 2), VII with 2,

tergite VIII with an apical row of 9 to 11, preceded by 2 or 3, at apical margin

2, on inside 5 or 6. On outer surface of first hindtarsal segment 1 or 2 or no

bristles ; in ^ (not in $) on ventral surface of foretarsal segment V 5 thick spini-

form bristles, in the other tarsi only 2 as in all tarsi of Ct. canis and Ct. felis.

Manubrium of clasper of (J widened at apex as in Ct. canis.

Length : $ 1-6-2-2 mm. ; $ 2- 1-3-2 mm.

Hah. South Africa : DeeKontein (type) from Zorilla striata, Herpestes

hadius, Erinaceus europaeus, and Pedetes caffer (C. H. B. Grant) ; Bothaville,

from Xerus capensis and Cynictes penicillata (G. A. H. Bedford) ; Grahamstown,

from Suricata suricata (R. Graham, submitted to me by Dr. J. Waterston) ;

a series. — ^Tanganyika Territory : Vishoro, off Lepus (A. Loveridge) ; 1 cj.

7. Ctenocephalus felis strongylus subsp. nov.

(J$. Like European Ct. felis, but the frons more roimded, in typical ^^

nearly as short as in Ct. canis.

We have a few true Ct. felis and Ct. canis from South and East Africa, no

doubt introduced ; all the other specimens from Africa south of the Sahara, so

NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXII. 1925. 99

far as they do not belong to any of the species described above or to Ct. craterus

and Ct. rosniarus, we treat as being Ct. felis strongylus. Specimens with strongly

rounded head might be mistaken for Ct. canis, but they differ from Ct. cania

like the more long-headed specimens in the smaller number of bristles on body

and legs, the metepisternum bearing 2 bristles, the abdominal tergites a row of

5 on each side, and the tibiae having between the large median bristles and the

apical ones only one dorsal notch with a stout bristle ; moreover, the stigmata

of the abdominal segments II to VI are smaller than in Ct. canis, and in the (J

the manubrium of the clasper is apically less widened, and the large flap of the

clasper bears fewer bristles on the outer surface and one or two more at the

ventral margin. We observe a good deal of variation in these African Ct. felis,

but the specimens do not fall into definite groups.

Type from Voi, Kenya Colony, off Canis lateralis (R. Kemp).

A large number of specimens from many places from French West Africa

and the Sudan to South Africa, off many different hosts.

8. Ctenocephalus felis orientis subsp. nov.

(J$. Like rovmd-headed specimens of Ct. felis strongylus. In cJ abdominal

tergite VII usually with a row of 5 bristles on each side and sternite VIII with

a row of 4, rarely 3, sometimes 5, besides 1 or 2 bristles placed in front of the

row. In $ above antennal groove from 2 to 8 small hairs (recalling the more

numerous small hairs present in (J), these hairs not found in the $$ of any other

species of Ctenocephalus except very occasionally in $ of Ct. canis.

Type from Peradeniya, Ceylon, off Loris gracilis (E. E. Green).

Evidently occurs throughout the Oriental Region, excepting Australia ;

known to us from Ceylon, India, Burma, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Pulo

BaU (off west coast of Sumatra), Philippines, Rook I., and Admiralty Is.

From Australia and North and South America we have only Ctenocephalus

canis and Ct. felis, which, together with Pulex irritans, probably occur in all

places where Europeans have settled.

Centetipsylla gen. nov.

(J$. Near Archaeopsylla ; two genal spines placed as in ^. erinacei. Both

sexes with a close-set row of thick short supra- antennal spiniform bristles. Labial

palpus short, barely reaching to apex of third segment of maxillary palpus,

consisting of four segments. Propleurum dorsally truncate-sinuate. Interior

vertical rod of mesopleura joining anterior margin at upper angle, not being

confluent with anterior margin before reaching upper angle. Metepisternum

well separated from metasternum. Oblique (pale) suture of mesocoxa complete,

not interrupted in centre ; furcation of internal rods of midcoxa in middle,

i.e. much lower down than in Archaeopsylla and Ctenocephalus. Basal abdominal

sternite with lateral bristles.

One species, C. madagascariensia Roths. 1900 (as Pulex).

9. Xenopsylla hamula spec nov.

Close to X. brasiliensia Baker 1904. Subbasal ventral tooth of hindfemur

obsolete or barely indicated.

(J, Abdominal sternites III to VII with 2 bristles on each side. Sternite

100

NOTITATES ZOOLOOIOAS XXXII. 1926.

IX not rounded-dilated at apex, but obtusely acuminate. Distal portion of

penis-sheath with a prominent tooth on dorsal side (text-fig. 7).

$. Abdominal sternites III to VI with 3 bristles on each side, on VII 2,

occasionally with an additional bristle towards base.

Hab. South Africa: Grahamstown, ix.l913, from Oi-aphiurus murinus

(R. Graham) ; a series.

10. Xenopsylla versuta spec nov.

Near X. nesiotes Koths. 1908. Bristles less numerous, tail-end of (J different.

(J. On sternite VIII 8 to 11 bristles each side. Outer flap P' of clasper

much smaller than in X. nesiotes, with 5 bristles. Ventral arm of sternite IX as

in X. nesiotes, narrower. Neck of ejaculatory duct (text-fig. 8) with dorsal and

ventral tooth nearer apex, and the dorsal tooth much longer, ventral projection

placed near vesicle also longer ; paramere of penis nearly as in X. nubicus, the

dorsal margin being continued distad as a semi-detached thom-hke process.

?. On the two sides together of sternite VII only 6 bristles, with or without

one small bristle in front of the row. On each side of tergite VIII 6 to 10 lateral

bristles, an apical row of 11 or 12 on outer side, and one of 9 to 11 on inside.

Spermatheca as in X. cheopis, but smaller.

Length : cJ 1 •9-2-0 mm., $ 2-3 mm.

Hab. Angola: Benguella, on Funisciurus, v. 1906 (Dr. W. J. Ansorge) ;

a small series.

11. Xenopsylla vexabilis spec. nov.

Close to X. nesiotes Roths. 1908, recognised by the tail-end.

cJ. On sternite VIII 12 or 13 bristles each side, last one nearer apical margin

than in X. versuta. Processes of clasper smaller than in X. nesiotes, P' three times

as long as broad, with 5 or 6 bristles ; manubrium longer than hindtarsal seg-

NOVITATKS ZOOLOOIOAE XXXII. 1925. 101

ments II to IV together. Dorsal tooth of ejaculatory duet small, ventral one

long (text-fig. 9), both as far from apex as in X. nesiotes, ventraUy near vesicle a

short (transverse) tubercle concave on distal side and projecting ventrad ; para-

mere as in X. nesiotes gradually narrowed obliquely upward, without the semi-

detached dorsal thorn-like process of X. versuia, X. nubicus, X. astia, etc.

9. Abdominal sternite VII, on the two sides together, with a row of 10

bristles, there being no additional bristles in front of the row. On outer surface

of tergite VIII 8 to 10 lateral bristles, and a row of 10, on inside also a row of

10. Spermatheca nearly as in X. nesiotes, variable.

Length : (J (contracted) 1-4 mm., $ 2-2 mm.

Hab. South Australia : Franklin Is., on Leporillus jonesi (Prof. Wood

Jones), sent to us by Dr. E. Ferguson ; one pair.

12. Xenopsylla humilis spec. nov.

Very close to X. niloticus, which it possibly represents in East Africa.

cJ. Outer process of clasper shorter than segment III of hindtarsus ; ventral

arm of sternite IX apically dilated (text-fig. 10), and medianly narrower than in

X. niloticus. Lateral lobe of paramere of penis, wliich lobe is proximally sub-

cylindrical and projects frontad, strongly anguUform.

$. Basal abdominal sternite without lateral bristles, or at most with a single

small one.

Hab. Voi, Kenia Colony, iv . 1 9 1 0 (R. Kemp) , on Oerbillus ( Tatera) mombasae ;

2<?<?, 4??.

13. Xenopsylla difQcilis spec nov.

Likewise close to X. niloticus.

cJ. With fewer bristles than in X. nihticus on abdominal tergite VII and

etemites III to VIII. Outer process of clasper longer than segment III of hind-

tarsus, often half the length of segment I. Ventral arm of sternite IX as in

X. humilis apicaUy dilated. Apical portion of ejaculatory duct without the

dorsal tuberculiform sweUing found in X. niloticus, X. humilis, and -X". debilis ;

lateral lobe of paramere less curved than in X. humilis, on inside of it a well-

defined, strongly chitinised, sUghtly upcurved, thorn- like sclerite (text-fig. 11).

$. Basal abdominal sternite with 6 to 9 bristles on the two sides together,

and in addition on each side 2 to 4 long lateral bristles. Sternite VII on the

two sides together with 10 to 13 bristles (in X. niloticus 16 to 28, in X. humilis

14 to 19) ; apical row on outer surface of tergite VIII containing 6 or 7, usually

7 bristles, the row of inner side 7, less often 8.

Hab. Kenia Colony: Nyama Nyango, Eusso Nyiro, Li. 1911 (R. Kemp),

type, on Oerbillus (Tatera) nigricaudus nyama ; also from Kilimandjaro, v. 1910,

on same host (R. Kemp) ; a series.

14. Xenopsylla debilis spec. nov.

(J. Xenopsylla niloticus Rothschild, Proc. Ent. Sac. Lond. p. 147. fig. 10

(1917) (error of identif.).

<J$. Close to X. niloticus, but undoubtedly distinct from it, not an indi-

vidual aberration. Second segment of maxillary palpus half as long again as

first. Eye quite small, narrower than in the figure quoted, which is diagram-

matical. Basal abdominal sternite in both sexes with only 2 ventral bristles,

102

NOVITATES ZOOLOQIOAE XXXII. 1926.

1 each side. Segments III to V of foretarsus broader. In ^ the eighth

abdominal sternite bears on each side fewer than 10 bristles, and the ventral

arm of the ninth sternite is more gradually widened and its widened distal end

longer. In ? the eighth tergite has 10 bristles on the outside, and a marginal

row of 6 or 5 on the inside. The head of the spermatheca is practically globular,

being one-sixth longer than high ; in X. niloiicus the head of the spermatheca is

somewhat oblique, ovate, higher than long.

Length : ^ 1-3 -1-4 mm., $ 1-9 mm.

Hub. East Africa: Kilimandjaro, v. 1910, and Nyama Nyango, Eusso

Nyiro, ii.l911 (type), on Ocrhillus (Tatera) nigricaudus nyama; Aberdare Mts.,

Kenia, iii.1910, on Oenomys ; 3 (J^, 1$, collected by R. Kemp.

Procaviopsylla gen. nov.

(J?. Differs from Xenopsylla in the hindcoxa being pyriform, with the hind-

margin gradually slanting from middle to apex, and the comb on innerside placed

much nearer apex than in Xenopsylla.

Genotype : P. isidis Roths. 1903.

Here also belong P. creusae Roths. 1904, P. convergens J. & R. 1908, and

P. procaviae Fox 1914.

15. Procaviopsylla angolensis spec. nov.

(J$. Near P. creusae Roths. 1904. Proboscis as long as ((J) or longer than (?)

maxillary palpus. Hindtibia with 8 dorsal notches inclusive of apical one (text-

fig. 12). Upper process of clasper of ^ reaching close to apex of lower process.

Abdominal tergite VII of ? less strongly chitinised at dorsal apical angle than in

P. creusae, this angle not projecting ; on side of tergite VIII of $ 2 long bristles

and (on one side of our only $) one short one, the apical row containing 10 or 11

bristles,

NOVITATES ZOOLOOIOAE X2iXII. 1925. 103

Hah. Benguella, Angola, ix.l905 (received from Messrs. 0. E. Janson <fc

Sons), on Procavia ; 4 (J(J, 1 ?.

Synostemus gen. no v.

Differs from Xenopsylla in the metepisternum being entirely united with the

metasternum.

Genotype : S. pallidus Tasch. 1880.

Here also belong S. somalicus J. & R. 1908, S. longispinus Wagn. 1893,

S. caffer J. & R. 1923, and S. cleopatrae Roths. 1903.

16. Pariodontis subjugis spec. nov.

(J?. Like P. riggenbachi Roths. 1904, but end-segment of proboscis little

longer than penultimate one, hindtarsal segment I less than twice as long as V,

hindfemur ventraUy much less evenly convex than in P. riggenbachi ; $ with

some small bristles above antennal groove ; outer process P' of clasper of (J

(text-fig. 13) with a row of 3 bristles from two- thirds to apex, first and second

long, third smaller ; in $ the row on tergite VIII ventraUy irregular (text- fig. 14),

and on the side of this segment 4 or 5 bristles ; stylet of $ shorter than in

P. riggenbachi.

Hab. Malay Peninsula : Mbu Gomback, Selangor, on Hystrix longicaudala

(C. Strickland) ; 1 cj, 2 ??.

Cediopsylla gen. nov.

Like Spilopsyllus, but the labial palpus consists of four segments instead

of two.

Genotype : species identified as C. simplex Baker 1895.

17. Cediopsylla inaequalis interrapta subsp. nov.

(J?. Genal comb usually with 6 or 7 spines, sometimes 5. Row of long

bristles at ventral margin of (J-clasper divided into a proximal group of 4 to 6

and a distal group of 2 or 3.

Hab. California : Palo Alto, on fox (ex coll. Stanford University) ; San

Francisco, on Lepua hachmanni (Carroll Pox) ; Claremont, on Lepus (C. Baker) ;

a series.

18. Hoplopsyllus glacialis profugus subsp. nov.

(J. Close to H. gl. lynx Baker 1904 ; finger- like process of flap of clasper

somewhat broader ; sides of eighth abdominal sternite with 8 or 9 bristles ;

comb of hindcoxa containing 11 or 12 spines.

Hab. Near Djarkent, Semitchenskoi, Eastern Turkestan (W. Riickbeil),

on Putorius ermineus ; 2 $$.

An interesting discovery, the other known forms of this genus occurring

in North and Central America and Greenland.

19. Trichopsylla matina spec. nov.

Agrees with T. rothschildi Kohaut 1903 in the number of bristles on the

inner side of the hindcoxa and on the mid- and hindfemora being reduced,

104

NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXII. 1925.

cj. Clasper (text-fig. 15) nearly as in T. trichosa Kohaut 1903, but broader,

its posterior margin with more bristles and less incurved below apex : exopodite

longer, its base below middle of clasper. Sternite IX with two apical bristles,

1 long, the other somewhat shorter. Paramere with long, conical, lateral process

and a large apical lobe which ends with a short dorsal hook.

$. Stemite VII as in T. rothscMldi with prominent triangular ventral lateral

lobe. Tergite VIII with a vertical row of about 12 bristles from above stigma,

and at apical margin on outer side about 12 to 16 bristles, no bristles at and near

middle of ventral margin.

Hab. Pyrenees : Cauterets (J. Mousques), on Mustda tnartes ; a series.

20. Ceratophyllus waterstoni nom. nov.

Ceratophyllus rothscMldi Waterston, Proc. Roy. Phys. Sac. Edi)tb. xviii. 2.

p. 80, text-figs. 1-6 (1910), nee Ceratophyllus rothscMldi Rainbow, Rec. Austral.

Mus. vi. 2, p. 103, figs. 27, 28 (1905).

We have much pleasure in renaming this species after its discoverer.

21. Ceratophyllus caedens spec. nov.

Similar to C. sexdentatus Baker 1904, and C. nepos Roths. 1905.

(J. Process P of clasper broad (text-fig. 16), subtruncate ; exopodite F with

4 or 5 short spines, usually 4, first spine above middle, proximal half of F narrow,

greatest width at first or second spine ; proximal ventral lobe L of sternite IX

NOVITATEB ZOOLOOICAB XXXII. 1925. 105

triangular, sharply pointed ; apical portion of IX st. dorsaUy rounded-elbowed,

ventrally incurved ; membranous apical portion of sternite VIII fringed.

$. Sternite VII (text-fig. 17) deeply sinuate, upper lobe shorter than lower,

but very variable in width and length, on the two sides together IC to 19 bristles.

Length : ^ 2-0 mm., ? 2-3-2-8 mm.

Hab. Alberta : BanfiF, ix. 1915, on Mustela americana (Messrs. Mackay &

Dippie) ; a series.

22. Ceratophyllus latens spec nov.

(J. Like the previous, but process P of clasper (text-figs. 19) narrower,

subacuminate, on anterior side deeply incurved, on posterior side rounded ;

exopodite F more gradually widened.

$. Sinus of sternite VII (text-fig. 20) narrow, the lobe above the sinus a

little longer than the one below it, recalling C aeger Roths. 1905, but in the

latter species the frons bears two rows of bristles, the comb consists (in $) of 19

or more spines (in the new species only 16), and in C. aeger the bristles on the fore-

coxa are also more numerous than in C. latens.

Length : (^ 2-0 mm., $ 2-7 mm.

Hab. California : Santa Cruz Co., vii. 1900, on Gray Squirrel (Ehrhorn) ;

1 cJ, 2 ?$ ex coll. Baker.

23. Ceratophyllus robustus spec. nov.

?. Near C. enopltis Roths. 1909, from California. Sternite VII deeply

sinuate, the lobes equal in length, upper one broad, truncate (text-fig. 18) ; on

the two sides together 28 to 33 bristles in our four specimens. On tergite VIII

4 or 5 long bristles and 1 to 3 short ones below stigma, and more than 20 bristles

on lower half, inclusive of apical bristles, on inside 3 or 4 submarginal ones.

Length : 4-0-4-3 mm.

Hab. Arizona : White R., Cooley, vi. 1920 (H. H. Kimball), type ; 2 $?,

host not given. New Mexico : Riti de los Frigoles, viii.1910 (Professor J.

Henderson), on Sciurus aberii ; 2 $$ received from Dr. T. D. A. Cockerell.

The (J of this species I expect to have numerous long bristles ventrally on

the eighth abdominal tergite, as in the case of C. pseudarctomys Baker 1904,

G. acasti Roths. 1905, and C. enoplus Roths. 1909. The ^^ of the former two

species have a mane of long bristles on the thorax, while C. enoplus is without it.

24. Ceratophyllus piger spec. nov.

Near C. injestus Roths. 1908.

cj. Process P of clasper (text-fig. 21) as short as in C. injestus, deeply in-

curved on distal side, with one long bristle above acetabulum ; exopodite F

recalling C. argus Roths. 1908, almost linear and straight, six times as long as

broad, at three-fourths of posterior margin a bristle which is about one-fourth

the length of F, at posterior apical angle a much longer bristle, between the two

and at apical margin several small ones.

$. Sternite VII (text-fig. 22) with a shallow sinus in middle of side, the

margin less projecting above the sinus than below it ; bristles less numerous

than in C. iyifesius, also on tergite VIII. Spermatheca of nearly the same shape

as in C. injestus, but tail shorter.

Length : <J 2-8 mm., $ 3-1 mm.

106

NOVITATES ZOOLOOIOAE XXXII. 1925.

Hob. Uganda: Mabira Forest, xi.l919 (R. A. Dummer), on Funisciurtis

spec. ; one pair.

25. Ceratophyllus consobrinus spec. nov.

?. Likewise near C. infeshis Roths. 1908 ; as in the previous spec. nov.

the bristles on the abdominal sternites and on tergites VIII less numerous.

Stemite VII with a small narrow sinus above middle of side (text^fig. 23), both

lobes rounded, the upper one small ; on the two sides together 20 bristles. On

each side of body the -widened ventral portion of tergite VIII on outer surface

12 or 13 bristles inclusive of apical ones and the 2 below pygidium, and on inside

4. Spermatheca recalling the South American Rhopalopsyllus subtilis J. & R.

1923 ; its head one-half longer (in a straight line) than broad, tail a httle longer,

orifice on a rounded projection which is directed obliquely downward.

Length : 2-5 mm. (somewhat contracted).

Hab. Gaboon : Abanga R., x.1907 (Dr. W. J. Ansorge), on " Sciurus " ;

one ?.

26. Ceratophyllus notabilis spec. nov.

?. Similar to the preceding species, bristles more numerous on sternite VII :

on the two sides together 38 ; this sternite with one rounded lobe, the dorsal

margin being strongly oblique (text-fig. 24). Spermatheca as in C. consobrinus,

but narrower.

Length : 3-4 mm.

NOVITATES ZOOLOQICAE XXXII. 1925, 107

Hab. Gaboon: Abanga R., x.1907 (Dr. W. J. Ansorge), on '' Sciurua" ;

one $.

27. Ceratophyllus melinus spec, no v.

?. Near C. melis Curtis 1832. Frons with an anterior row of 6 bristles,

occiput with an oblique median row of 3. Proboscis shorter, not reaching

beyond trochanter. Pronotal comb dorsally longer than pronotum. Stylet

(text-fig. 25) cylindrical, four times as long as wide. On outer surface of tergite

VIII from the stigma down altogether 16 or 17 bristles. Spermatheca (text-

fig. 26) nearly as in C. melis.

Hab. A single $ in Mus. Brit., without indication of locality and host,

probably Asiatic.

28. Ceratophyllus phillipsi spec nov.

Near C. fimbriatus J. & R. 1921, from N.W. India, and C. agathus J. & R.

1922, from Sumatra.

cJ. Manubrium of clasper longer than internal expansion of tergite IX, its

base less broad than in C. flvibriatus (the ^ of C. agathus not known). Anterior

margin of exopodite F twice as long as process P (text- fig. 27), its ventral angle

rounded ; at this angle two heavy spiniform bristles, a third similar one at some

distance above the pair. Sternite VIII much longer than in C. fimbriatus, with

a row of minute hairs along ventral margin and 1 smallish bristle, which is nearly

twice as far distant from extreme base than the bristle of G. fimbriatiis.

?. Sinus of sternite VII rather shallow and broad, the upper lobe triangular,

shorter than the lower lobe ; which is truncate, with the upper angle rounded.

Head of spermatheca globular, nearly as in C. agathus, but larger (text-fig. 28).

Length : $ 2-7 mm., $ 2-9 mm. ($ extended).

Hab. Ceylon : St. George, Matugama, iii. 1923 (W. W. Phillips) ; one pair.

29. Ceratophyllus fotus spec nov.

Near 0. petiolatm Baker 1905.

(J. Tergite VIII with a vertical row of 3 or 4 bristles ventrally, without the

ventral patch of long bristles obtaining in C. -petiolatiis. Sternite VIII triangular,

acuminate (text-fig. 30). Both the process P of the clasper (text-fig. 29) and the

exopodite shorter, and the manubrium very much narrower and more pointed,

its apex not distinctly turned up. Proximal ventral lobe of sternite IX hardly

at all projecting ventrad, its distal angle slightly smaller than 90°, apical lobe

shorter and broader than in C. petiolatus. Lamina of penis bottle-shaped,

symmetrical ; paramere truncate, with the ventral corner triangular and pro-

jecting a short distance downward.

$. Proboscis reaching well beyond trochanter. With 3 antepygidial

bristles, of which the dorsal one is less than half the length of the central one.

Basal abdominal sternite without lateral bristles. Ventral setose area of anal

sternite about one-half longer than the stylet. Hindtarsal segment II with only

one bristle which reaches beyond IV. TaU of spermatheca as in C. proximus

Baker 1904 without appendix.

Length : ^ 2-2 mm., $ contracted.

Hab. Colorado Springs, iv. 1910 (E. R. Warren), on Spermophilus 13-Iineatus ;

one pair.

108

NOVITATES ZOOLOQIOAZ XXXII. 1S25.

30. Ceratophyllus gladiolis spec nov.

Near C. bacchi Roths. 1905, hindtarsal segment I being as long as II to IV

together.

(J. Hindtarsal segment II with 2 slender bristles reaching beyond middle of

V, an apical and a subapical bristle of I also long and slender. Process P of

clasper (text-fig. 31) evenly rounded ; exopodite longer than in C. bacchi ; manu-

brium broad, straight, truncate. Proximal ventral lobe of sternite IX (text-

fig. 32) broad, round, with a strong apical bristle, and on the side 2 or 3 large

flattened ones. Apical margin of paramere (Par) rounded, the dorsal and ventral

angles acute.

?. Longest bristle of hindtarsal segment II reaching beyond or to middle of

V, the second longest bristle barely extending to apex of III. Head of sperma-

theca almost globular, tail short, scarcely at all dilated at end, with a small

apical appendix (text-fig. 33).

Length : (J 1-7 mm., ? 2-4 mm.

Hab. California : St. Diego, iii. 1914 (F. Stevens), on Citellus turdicaidatus,

type ; San Francisco, iii. 1911 (G. W. McCoy), on Perognathus and Tamiaa kept

together in a cage.

NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXII. 1925.

109

31. Ceratophyllus pansus spec. nov.

Also close to C. bacchi Roths. 1905.

(J. Large bristle of exopodite longer and thicker than in the preceding species,

placed farther upwards, between it and base 5 marginal bristles, all shorter than

the 3 largish ones of C. gladiolis. The two flattened bristles on proximal ventral

lobe of sternite IX much closer to the apical bristle and shorter, proximally of

them several small bristles. Paramere much more asymmetrical, the ventral

angle projecting distad (text-fig. 38).

Hub. Arizona: Paradise, xi.l913 (0. C. Duffner), on Citellxis and

Mephitis ; a series.

32. Ceratophyllus howelli spec. nov.

Close to C. acamantis Roths. 1905.

^. Tergite VIII ventrally almost gradually widened, ventral apical corner

gradually produced, rather strongly chitinised, and at the tip rounded (text-

fig. 34), on each side of this lobe 4 or 5 long bristles at some distance from the apex,

and along the ventral margin very numerous shortish but rather strong bristles

to beyond the patch of long ones. Sternite VIII (text-fig. 35) much slenderer

than in C. acamantis.

$. Apical margin of sternite VII truncate-rounded (text-fig. 35), subventrally

slightly incurved ; on this sternite, on the two sides together, a row of 16 bristles

and in front of the row 12. Spermatheca as in C. acamantis.

Hab. California: Pine City, Mono Co., vii.1922 (A. B. Howell) ; one pair,

the (J on Mustela arizonensis and the $ on Marmota sierrae.

110 NOVITATES ZooLoaiOAE XXXtl. 1925.

33. Ceratophyllus necopinus spec. nov.

A most interesting discovery, the species being very close to the Asiatic

C. clarus J. & R. 1922 and C. runatus J. & R. 1923, and like these species occurring

on Ochotona.

(J. Differs from C. runatus, to which the species is nearest, in the exopodite

of the clasper being much broader (text-fig. 37), particularly in the lower half ;

anterior margin of process P very little over half the length of the posterior

margin (14 ; 26), measured from acetabulum.

$. Like that sex of C. runatus, which varies individually in the size of the

spermatheca and the number of bristles on tergite VIII.

Hab. California: Pine City, Mono Co., vii. 1922 (A. B. Howell), on OcAotoTUi

muiri ; one pair. We are greatly indebted to Mr. A. B. Howell for a most

interesting collection of fleas from California.

34. Ceratophyllus isus spec. nov.

Close to C. euphorbi Roths. 1905.

(J. Near ventral margin of tergite VIII only 2 long bristles. Sternite VIII

with 3 long bristles on each side, one behind the other. Exopodite of clasper

with the third bristle from below as stout as the first and second (text-fig. 39).

Proximal ventral lobe of sternite IX longer and less rounded than in C euphorbi ;

apical lobe strongly excised ventraUy before apex, hook-shaped. Paramere

(Par) slenderer than in C. euphorbi.

$. Sternite VII deeply sinuate (text-fig. 40), upper lobe nariow, variable,

much shorter than lower lobe, which is rounded-subacuminate. Stylet thrice

as long as broad, cylindrical to two-thirds or beyond, with one longish lateral

bristle. Upper angle of widened portion of tergite VIII a little projecting.

Length : $ 2-3-2-9 mm., ? 2-8-3-3 mm,

Hab. Canadian Rocky Mts. : Red Deer R. (A. D. Gregson), on " Mus " ;

a small series.

35. Ceratophyllus sinomus spec nov.

Near C tclchinum Roths. 1903, hindtarsal segment I of (J as in that speciea

with long slender bristles, and sternite VIII vestigial, without bristles. In 9

stylet with one lateral bristle, and occiput with a small bristle above long

median one.

(J. Process P of clasper (text- fig. 41) broad, of nearly even width, not acumi-

nated ; exopodite F triangular, reaching only to apex of P, posterior margin

rounded, apex pointed, directed capitad, at lower angle, which is rounded off

a long, stout, straight, sharp spine, from this blacldsh spine upward a row of

4 stiff bristles, all much thinner than the spine, the lower three also shorter,

the upper one longer.

Hab. Arizona ; Paradise, xii.1913 (0. C. Duffner), on " Mus" ; a series.

36. Ceratophyllus sibynus spec. nov.

Nearest to C. dolens J. & R. 1914 from Costa Rica.

<J. The lowest bristle of the exopodite replaced by a stout, straight, obtuse,

long spine (text-fig. 42) ; sternite IX at some distance proximally of ventral

NOVITATBS ZOOLOQIOAE XXXII. 1925.

Ill

sinus on each side with a cluster of 6 bristles, of which the 3 lateral ones are

small, the other 3 ventral, longish, the middle one of them being the longest.

Hab. Arizona: Paradise, xii.1913 (0. C. Duffner), on Skunk; 1 (J.

37. Ceratophyllus acerbus spec. nov.

Near C. lucifer Roths. 1905, belonging to a small group of Ceratophylli in

which the hairj^ stigma-cavity of tergite VIII is very large.

$. Above large median bristle of occiput a small one. Three bristles of

segment II of antenna extending to near apex of club. Pronotal comb with

19 spines inclusive of the small ventral one of each side. On abdominal tergitea

three rows of bristles, first row incomplete.

Sternite VII (text-fig. 43) divided by a deep and broad sinus into two

triangular lobes of nearly equal size. Stylet with two long lateral bristles.

Orifice of spermatheca on a rounded prominence, its head longer than the tail.

Length (abdomen contracted !) : $ 2-7 mm.

Hab. Canada, on Tamias striatit.s, 1 $ received from the late Dr. Gordon

Hewitt.

38. Ceratophyllus difSnis spec. nov.

A bird-flea, similar to G. garei Roths. 1902. As in that species, the denticu-

lated area on the inside of tergite VIII of cj narrow, ill-defined, with the teeth

not numerous. Also near C. angulatus Wahlgr. 1903.

112 NoviTATBS ZooLooicAE XXXII. 1925.

(J. On outer surface of tergite VIII altogether 9 or 10 bristles inclusive of

the small ones placed near stigma. Exopodite F of clasper almost as in C. garei,

its bristles somewhat different (text- fig. 44). Sternite VIII narrow throughout,

with 2 long bristles on each side at apex, one behind the other, and a narrow,

short, elongate-triangular apical membraneous lobe which is directed dorsad (one

each side). Paramere broader than in C. garei.

Length : 2-6 mm.

Hab. British Columbia : Okanagan Falls, iv. 1913 (C. Garrett), on Colymbus

holboeUi ; 1 S-

39. Ceratophyllus atrox spec. nov.

Comb of pronotum with 26 to 29 spines. Stigma-cavity of tergite VIII very

large. On metepisternum 5 or 6 bristles, on metepimerum 10 or more. Bristles

on outer surfaces of tibiae and tarsi unusually numerous, the hindtibia bearing

more than 25 dorso-lateral ones.

cJ. Exopodite F of clasper (text-fig. 45) recalling C. ciliatus Baker 1904, but

much broader and shorter, broadest at apex, posterior margin angulate near

middle and here armed with a long, pointed spine, posterior apical angle pro-

duced and bearing two short obtuse spines. Ventral arm of sternite IX narrowed

basad and apicad, with a ventral row of small bristles from near base, and on

each side one large apical bristle ; membranous apical flap broad.

$. Sternite VII (text-fig. 46) with a very broad and deep sinus, which is

deeper above than below, the upper lobe tapering, the lower one broader, truncate-

rounded, the margin in middle of sinus angulate, on the two sides together more

than 40 bristles. Head of spermatheca half as long again as broad, barrel-

shaped, but narrowing towards taU, which is shorter than the head.

Length : <J$ 2-8-3-0 mm.

Hab. Canada : Blackfalls, Alberta (A. D. Gregson), on Mustela ; 2 S^,

4 $$. Presumably a bird-flea.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXII. 1925. 113

SIPHONAPTERA COLLECTED BY REAR-ADMIRAL H. LYNES

IN DARFUR IN 1920 TO 1922.

By DR. KARL JORDAN.

THE collection being from a new locality as regards Siphonaptera. it is a

most welcome addition to our series of specimens, enabling us to clear up

a doubtful point in the systematics of the difficult genus Xeyiopsylla, and estab-

lishing a new record for a tropical African species of another genus. For a most

interesting account of the expedition cf. Ibis, 1924, p. 399 ff.

1. Synosternus pallidus Tasch. 1880.

For generic name cf. p. 103.

A small series of both sexes from Um Kedada, off Erinaceus albiventris

March 1920.

2. Xenopsylla nubicus Roths. 1903.

A series from: El Fasher, oS. Arvicanthis. Feb. 1921 ; Kurra. off Rattus

macrolepis. Feb. 1921 ; Jebel Marra, 7,900 ft., off Dipodillus lowei^ March 1921 ;

Kallokitling. Jebel Marra, 4,000 ft., off Felis ocreata, April 1921 ; Kulme.

Wadi Aribo, off Rattus n/jandae. Sept. 1921 ; Um Kedada, off Erinaceus spec,

March 1922 ; Kheira, off Taterillus butleri, April 1922.

The individual variation exhibited by this series proves that the differences

on which X. chersinvs Roths. 1900 is based do not hold good. We therefore now

regard this name as a synonym of X. nubicus.

3. Xenopsylla cheopis Rotlis. 1903.

A series from : Sixty miles W.S.W. of El Fasher, off Rattus macrolepis,

Feb. 1921 ; Niurnya, Jebel Marra, same host, March 1921 ; Jebel Marra, same

host, Feb. and Sept. 1921 ; Kulme, Wadi Aribo, off Oraphiurus orobintis and

Sorex, June and Sept. 1921 ; foothills of Jebel Marra, off Rattus macrolepis,

March and April 1921 ; Duggu. off same host. May 1921.

4. Ctenocephalus felis strongylus Jord. 1925.

Cf. p. 98. All the specimens collected belong to this African form of Ct

felis, the frons being as strongly rounded as in Ct. canis Curtis, 1826. A series

from : N.E. of Jebel Marra, off Dipodillus lowei, Feb. 1921 ; Jebel Marra, off

Vulpes pallida and domestic dog, Sept. and Nov. 1921 ; foothills of Jebel Marra,

off Felis ocreata, April 1921 ; Kulme, Wadi Aribo, Aug. and Sept. 1921, off

Vulpes pallida.

6. Ceratophyllus henleyi henleyi Roths. 1904.

1 ^, 11 $9 from Jebel Marra, off Dipodillus lowei, March 1921.

6. Dinopsyllus lypusus J. & R. 1913.

Two pairs from S.E. side of Jebel Marra, off Rattus macrolepis, Nov. 1921.

This is the first record of a Dinopsyllus from a country farther north than Uganda.

y

LEPIDOPTERA

COLLECTED BY THE

British Ornitholosrists' Union and Wollaston Expeditions in

the Snow iMountains, Southern Dutch New Guinea

WITH TWO COLOURED PLATES

By the Hon. WALTER ROTHSCHILD, Ph.D.

(LORD ROTHSCHILD)

PRICE : £1 5s. (less 20% to Booksellers).

A REVISION OF THE LEPIDOPTEROUS FAMILY

SPHINGIDAE

Bv THE Hon. WALTER ROTHSCHILD, Ph.D.,

AND

KARL JORDAN, M.A.L., Ph.D.

PRICE: £5 (less 20% to Booksellers).

cixxv and 972 pagec, with 67 Plates.

Annual Subtaription to " Novitates Zoologicae," £.1 5t.

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PRINTSn BY UAZKLI., WAT30?* ASD VINEY, LD., LONDON AND AYLESBURY.

'pj^^

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE.

H journal of Zooloo^.

BDITSSD BY

LORD ROTHSCHILD, F.R.S., Ph.D.,

Dr. ERNST HARTERT. and Dr. K. JORDAN.

Vol. XXXII.

No. 2.

Pageb 115-257.

IsNUED '^rrnrrrkJiT, 1925, at the Zooloqical Mubkuu, Trino.

PKlf<TED Bt HAZEI.L, WATKON & VINEV, Ld., LONDON AND AYr.ESBQRY.

1925.

Vol. XXXII.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE,

KDITID 8T

LORD ROTHSCHILD. ERNST HARTERT, and KARL JORDAN.

CONTENTS OF NO. II.

1. A COLLECTION OF BIRDS FROM NEW IRELAND

(NEU MECKLENBURG)

2. A NEW FORM OF CHUKAR PARTRIDGE

3. TYPES OF BIRDS IN THE TRIN6 MUSEUM

4. UEBER DIE INDOAUSTRALISCHBN GLANZ-

KUCKUCKE (CHALCITES) ....

Ernst Hartert

Ernst Hartert

Ernst Hartert

Ernst Hartert and

Erwin Stresemann

5. REVIEW OF THE GENUS CACOMANTIS MULL . Ernst Hartert

6. REVIEW OF THE BIRDS COLLECTED BY

ALCIDE D'ORBIGNY IN SOUTH AMERICA

{Continuation) ......

7. CRITICAL LIST OF THE COLLECTION OF

ALGERIAN LBPIDOPTERA OF THE LATE

CAPTAIN N. J. E. HOLL .... Lord RothschUd

8. NEW ORIENTAL ZYGAENIDiE . . . Karl Jordan

9. A NEW SPECIES OF ANTHRIBIDiE FROM

SUMATRA COLLECTED BY E. JACOBSON . Karl Jordan

10. FIVE NEW INDIAN ANTHRIBID^ . . Karl Jordan

11. ANTHRIBID^ FROM THE EASTERN HEMI-

SPHERE Karl Jordan

115-136

137

138-157

158-163

164-174

C. E. Hellmayr 175-194

195-229

230-237

238

239-241

212-257

PURCHASED

NOVITATES Zoo LOGIC AE

Vol. xxxn. eeTOKER 1925. No. 2.

Sepf'ml'fr.

A COLLECTION OF BIRDS FROM NEW IRELAND

(NEU MECKLENBURG).

By ERNST HARTERT.

(Plate I.)

THE ornis of New Ireland is specially interesting for two reasons : A number

of birds have first been described from there, and it is of the greatest

importance to have topotypical specimens, and it has hitherto been very little

known. No good bird collector has been on the island for any length of time,

and nearly all specimens were obtained in the south part of the island, especially

at Prashn and Carteret Harbour (Lesson 1823, Quoy and Gaimard 1827, Hiisker

1875, and a few others during short visits), and on the utmost north point, near

Kaevieng (Heinroth 1901). But New Ireland is a large island, 350 km. long,

though nowhere wider than 50 km., and in some places narrowed down to 8J and

even 7 km. Good harbours are found in the south, and utmost north, near

Kaevieng. The ground rock consists of older eruptive masses, such as Granite,

Diorite, Syenite, and Gabbro. In some places Andesite is wide spread, while in

the south chalk and sandstone occur also. There is evidence that the island has

risen considerably in comparatively recent geological periods. The island is

hilly, the highest mountain being 2,150 m. high, the island is well covered with

vegetation, there being tropical forest nearly everywhere, grass land is found

here and there.

A. F. Eichhorn collected in S.W. New Ireland, from November 1923 to the

beginning of March 1924, his camp being 1,800 feet high, and birds were collected

from the coast up to 3,000 feet.

The following is a list of their valuable collection :

Megapodius duperreyi eremita Hartl.

A series collected in November and December 1923. This bird is weU-known

as an inhabitant of New Ireland.

Tringa hypoleucos L.

Common December and February.

9 115

116 NOTITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXII. 1925.

Tringa incana brevipes (Vieill.).

Evidently not rare. Several shot end of Februarj', in two of which primaries

are moulting, in one moult on che.st beginning. A male shot March 3 has

already barred chest and sides, and body plumage in moult, wings are beautifully

freshly moulted.

Cliaradrius dominicus fulvus Gm.

Two adults, March 5. Moulting on hind-neck and back.

Charadrius dubius jerdoni (Legge).

Aegialitis jerdoni Leggc, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lmidoyi, 1880, p. 94 (1854 — Ceylon and Central India)

February and March. In full breeding plumage.

Porzana cinerea leucophrys Gould.

8 <?? February 21 to 25, 1 ? 4.iii. 1924.

I cannot separate this series from Australian P. c. le\,coplirys. The majority

are somewhat dark on the upperside, but they are in good plumage, and there-

fore look very good, and some AustraUans are equally dark. The bill of at least

one specimen is very large, but the majority are not appreciably bigger than in

leucophrys. Cf. Nov. Zool. 1924, p. 264 ! The males are as a rule much larger,

wings 97-100, females smaller, wings 87-89, but two, sexed as males, are inter-

mediate, having wings of about 92 mm.

These birds are quite different from P. c. meeki, cf, Nov. Zool. 1924,

pp. 263, 264.

Ptilinopus rivolii rivolii (Prevost & Knip).

Cf. Nov. Zool. 1924, p. 198.

Evidently common on New Ireland, November to January. Moult of body

plumage, and in a few cases on tails and wings, from November to January.

I suppose that these specimens are typical rivolii. Their wings measure

(J 129-136, $ 126-1285 mm. The wings of a pair of P. rivolii rivolii from

Duke of York Island in the British Museum measure, ^J 128, $ 128 mm.

On the other hand, the wings of our examples from New Hanover measure only

(J 122-125, $ 118-120 mm. Probably the latter must be named as a smaller

subspecies, but I prefer to await more material, which may reach me soon. As

we received a specimen from Rook Island, we may expect the occurrence of

rivolii on New Britain, though it appears not to occur on the Gazelle Peninsula,

where all the collecting has been done.

Ptilinopus superbus superbus (Tcmm.).

Cf. Nov. Zool. 1924, p. 198.

1 cJ ad, 22 . xii . 1923. New Ireland is not quoted as a locaUty for this species

by Reichenow, but Rothschild and I quoted it from specimens sent by Curtis.

NOVITATES ZooLoaiCAE XXXII. 1925. 117

Ducula (Globicera) rubricera (Bp.).

Cf. Nov. Zool. 1924, p. 196.

A specimen from November 23 moults its body plumage. Two of tlie

four December specimens have some moulting rectrices and remiges, also moult

in body plumage. The January birds show mostly a few moulting body feathers.

New Ireland is the typical locality of Bonaparte's Globicera rubricera. The

colour of the back varies, being green with metallic red edges to the feathers, and

sometimes, at a certain Hght, quite red.

Ducula finschii (Rams.).

Cf. Nov. Zool. 1914, p. 209 (Rook Island).

This rare Pigeon was discovered on New Ireland, and one specimen was

obtained on New Britain by Dahl. It seems that only two specimens were known

until A. S. Meek and Eichhorn collected a pair on Rook Island. Now the latter

sent us seven beautiful skins from S.W. New Ireland. They describe the iris

as blood-red, bill slate-black, feet cherry red. The wings measure 203-215 mm.

In the two from Rook Island they measure only 185 and 197 mm. Perhaps a

bigger series might prove them to be a separable subspecies. There is no difference

in colour. The throat varies from light grey to vinous, but the vinous colour

seems to be partially due to staining, probably from the juice of some fruit. The

white ring round the eyes is very conspicuous, though not altogether sharply

defined against the grey. The subterminal tail-bar varies in width.

The specimens were collected from November to January. The November

and December bu-ds moult tail-feathers, some wing-feathers, and body plumage.

This species is evidently a species by itseK. Some species which resemble

it somewhat in coloration {D. chalconola and rufiventris) show after all great

differences ; above all, they have a dark-grey terminal, and not a whitish sub-

terminal bar to the rectrices.

Ducula melanochroa (ScL).

Carpopliaga melanochroa Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1878, p. 072, pi. slii (" las. Duke of York ").

This fine Pigeon is obviously very rare on the Duke of York Islands and in

New Britain, and I believe that only five specimens were hitherto known in

European and other museums, the type in the British Museum and two in the

Berlin Museum, collected by Dahl in the GazeUe Peninsula, New Britain, as well

as two from New Ireland in the Tring collection. Now Eichhorn sent us a fine

series of eight from S.W. New Ireland. This island is probably the stronghold

of the species, which has no close ally, and stands by itself. Eichhorn's specimens

were shot in November, December, and January. The November and December

specimens were in moult (wings, tails, body plumage). One of the two January

examples is young, as shown by its pointed rectrices and mostly lighter chestnut

under tail-coverts. The juvenile plumage does not seem to differ appreciably

from that of the adults. Eichhorn found the iris bright red, bill slaty-blue, tip

black, feet dark purplish red. Males and females are alike. Wings 253-265,

once 273 mm. The under tail-coverts are always dark chestnut, the under wing-

coverts are sometimes quite slaty-blue, sometimes strongly washed with chestnut,

usually on the inner coverts only.

118 NoviTATES Zoological XXXII. 1925.

Columba vitiensis pallidiceps (Rams.).

lanthoenas pallidiceps Ramsay, Proc. lAnn. Soc. N. S. Wales, ii. p. 248 (1877 — Duke of York Islands),

Colum'.a pallidiceps Sal-radoTi, Cal. B. Brit. ilus. xxi. p. 319 (Duke of York Islands) ; Rcichenow,

Mill. Mils. Berlin, i. p. 50 (1899— Kabakaul, New Britain).

"?" ad., S.W. New Ireland, Cxi. 1923. "Iris dark yellowish red. Bill,

pale bluish horn. Feet, j'ellow." Wing, 240 mm.

There can be no doubt that this bird is Ramsay's pallidiceps, but I could not

say how the specimens from Bougainville, Choiseul, and VeUa Lavella (Solomon

Islands) differ. On the other hand, the description of Columba philippanae

(Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, viii, p. 721, 1881) does not agree, as it

describes the ground colour as " light slate-blue, and not blackish brown." Cf.

Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1905, p. 245 ; 1908, p. 352. Ramsay described

" philippanae " from Ugi Island, from where unfortunately no specimens are

available for comparison.

I am convinced that pallidiceps is a subspecies of C. vitiensis. We would,

therefore, have :

C. vitiensis vitiensis : Tliroat white, crown like neck, ground colour of body

plumage slate : Fiji Islands.

C. vitiensis kopoldi (Tristr.), similar, but ground colour more black.

C. vitiensis h ypoenochroa : Crown chestnut purple : New Caledonia.

C. vitiensis castaneiceps Peale : Crown of adults chestnut ; Samoa Islands.

C. vitiensis halmaheira [alhigularis auct.) : White of tliroat more extended :

Moluccas, New Guinea, Key Islands, Sula Islands, etc.

C. vitiensis griseigvlaris : Throat pale grey : Philippine Islands to N. Borneo.

C. vitiensis metallica Temm. : Throat dark grey ; Timor, Moa, etc.

C. vitiensis pallidiceps : Throat and crown grey : New Britain, Duke of

York Islands, New Ireland — and perhaps Bougainville, Choiseul, and VeUa

Lavella Islands.

C. vitiensis philippanae : If different on Ugi and perhaps other southern

Solomon Islands.

(Cf. Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1911, p. 118 !)

Gallicolumba beccarii nodifica subsp. nov.

Three males and one female, November, January, and February. They

are indeed puzzles. They differ from the types of ''Phlogoenas johannae " in

the British Museum by having less white on the chest shield ; while in O. b.

johannae the grey changes into white below the throat, in nodifica it extends all

over the jugulum and has only a white edge across the breast. This is specially

well noticed if viewed sideways. It has also apparently shorter wings: 110,

111, 112, while the wings of the types oi johannae measure 114, 110 mm. Tliis

new subspecies resembles intermedia from the Solomon Islands in the grey shield,

but the abdomen is paler. The male of G. b. admiralitatis lacks the metallic

patch on the occiput and has a redder abdomen ; the female of intermedia is

unknown, that of admiralitalis differs much from that of nodifica, having a much

darker abdomen, and throat to chest dark slate-colour, wliile in nodifica the

throat is whitish, the foreneck to chest grey with a rusty buff tinge, and in

the New Hanover females still more buff.

NOVITATES ZoOtOGICAE XXXII. 1925. 119

Type of G. b. nodiflca : c? ad., S.W. New Ireland, 28 . xi . 1923. A. F. Eichhom

coll.,Ko. 8823.

The greatest puzzle is the fact that two specimens from New Hanover (and

one from Dampier Island) are apparently like the types ! The latter were probably

Duke of York Island (of. Nov. Zool. 1924, p. 198 !), and not from New Ireland,

as it seems improbable that three specimens are so much alike and differ so

constantly from the types, unless they are a different subspecies. I said last year

that G. b. johannae was " obviously not an inhabitant of New Britain," but I

am now of a different opinion and believe it must and will be found there as well.

All collecting on New Britain has hitherto been done on the North Peninsula

(Gazelle Halbinsel), and the greater part of the island has remained zoologically

unknown. Probably if a good series from New Britain and Duke of York Islands

were at hand, differences of the New Hanover (and Damf)ier) form will be notice-

able, and before long I hope to be able to return to the subject of the races of

Gallicolumba beccarii.

Macropygia nigrirostris Salvad.

3 c?, 2 $, December, January, February.

The iris is described as pinkish yellow and red. In the " Notes from the

Leyden Museum," xxix. p. 174 (1908 — New Britain), Dr. van Oort described the

form inhabiting New Britain and Duke of York Islands as M. nigrirostris viajor,

saying that the inner secondaries were not barred with chestnut, and that the

wings were longer. These differences, however, are not constant. The barring

on the inner secondaries is not always present in specimens from Dutch New

Guinea, and the wings not shorter than in those from New Britain and New Ire-

land. The wings in two males from New Britain and Duke of York Islands

measure, according to van Oort, 156 mm., those of Arfak males 145-148. We

have males from Dutch New Guinea with wings of 155 (Arfak) and 152 (Kapaur),

while most of the males from New Ireland and New Britain have shorter wings,

146-150 mm. I can therefore not separate any subspecies of nigrirostris.

Macropygia amboinensis earteretia Bp.

c?ad., 12.xii.l923; <? ad„ 11 .ii. 1924 ; $26. i. 1924.

These are topotypical earteretia.

When writing about the New Hanover birds I omitted that Oscar Neumann

had separated the New Hanover form as M. amboinensis hiisheri. He created

this name because, he said, the new form had the upperside and tail much darker,

dark olive-brown, instead of red-brown, only on the wing-coverts there being a

tinge of red-brown. Also he said that the jugulum had fine black bars to the

feathers. I am sorry to say that I cannot appreciate these differences. The

colour of the upperside is exactly the same in our specimens from New Ireland

and New Britain, as in those from New Hanover ; also the wing-coverts are

absolutely similar. The bars on the jugulum are not characteristic to the New

Hanover birds, as they are to be seen in one out of 8 adult males from that

locality. In comparing the series, however, one can see that the tails of the

New Ireland birds are a shade more reddish than in the New Hanover ones,

except one. This difference is only perceptible in very good light, and, as the

120 NOVITATES ZootooiCAE XXXII. 1925.

colour of the tails is somewhat variable, of not too great value. Cf. Hartert,

Nov. ZOOL. 1009, p. 124 ; 1924, p. 198.

Neumann, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bayern, xv, 2, p. 234, 1922.

Clialcophaps stephani stephani Rchb.

Cf. Nov. Zool. 1924, p. 198.

Except that Rothschild and Hartert mentioned a specimen collected by

Curtis on New Ireland (Nov. Zool. 1901, p. 130), this species appears not to have

been mentioned as occurring on New Ireland, but it cannot be rare there in suitable

places, as Eichhorn sent ten specimens, shot in February and March.

Caloenas nicobarica nicobarica (L.).

This widespread island-dweller \\'as found in December and January and

February. A young bird from December 30 has still the dark tail and lacks

the long nuchal hackles. In another young bird of February 7 many of the

hackles are developed, others still growing ; the rectrices are still dark, but the

white tail-coverts begin to grow.

This species seems not to be recorded from New Ireland !

Columba (Gymnophaps) albertisi (albertisi I)

Two specimens, both marked '" female," shot Januarj^ 29. One has the

chest white with a faint greyish tinge, the other finely but closely vermiculated

with dark grey, and the purple chestnut colour of the abdomen extending to the

breast. I beUeve these differences to be sexual, as both are adult, though the

statements on our labels do not confirm my theory, but the " sexing " by Eichhorn

and many other collectors is not reliable. Both our specimens have rather small

bills, and probably a larger series might show that this is a feature of the form

inhabiting New Ireland, from where it has not before been recorded ! Wings

210 in both specimens. " Iris bright red Bill reddish and light horn-colour

(in skin all over red). Feet bright purplish red."

Reinwardtoena browni (Scl.).

Macropygia Irowni Sclater, Proc. Zoul. Soc. London, 1S77, p. 110 (Duke of York Islands) ; Nov. Zool.

1914, p. 208, 1924, p. 199.

Tliis fine big Pigeon, formerly only known from New Britain and Duke of

York Islands, was found by Heinroth and Curtis on New Ireland, and recorded

by Rothschild and Hartert from Rook Island and New Hanover. My surmise,

that the ash-grey edges and bloom to the feathers of the back is due to freshness

of plumage, was correct. Eichhorn sent 6 shot November 6 to 20, 1 shot

December 5. The November specimens are in good plumage, though 2 show

moult in tails, 2 others on the body plumage. The December bird is worn, the

rectrices badly used. The iris is marked as golden yellow.

Dupetor flavicoUis nesophilus (Sharpe).

Cf. Nov. Zool. 1914, p. 286.

$ ad, 24.ii. 1924. " Iris silvery brownish yellowish. Bill light horn colour,

upper mandible (except near cutting edge) black. Feet brownish."

$ juv., 4.iii.l924. "Irish brownish yellow. Bill and feet as in adult."

Not before known from New Ireland.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXII. 1925. 121

Accipiter hiogaster dampieri (Guru.).

Of. Nov. Zool. 1914, p. 28S.

<^ juv., 29.ii.1924. " Iris brown. Bill black. Feet lemon yellow." Cere

in skin bright yellow !

This specimen is underneath whitish cream with spots, longitudinal, arrow-

shaped, and a few cross-marks of rufous. If this differs from our other juv.

dampieri, which are (except a Manus specimen, which has also hardly any cross-

bars and not many other markings on the underside) regularly cross-barred.

Unless it is a totally different species it can only be dampieri juv.

[A. brachyurus from New Britam is a subspecies of A. riibricoUis !)

Baza subcristata bismarckii Sharpe.

Cf. Nov. Zool. 1924, p. 200.

c? ad., 24.xii. 1923. Wing 318 mm.

Haliastur Indus gii'renera (Vieill.).

cj med., 4.iii.l924.

Ninox variegata variegata (Quoy et Gaim.).

Cf. Nov. Zool. 1924, p. 200.

6 <^ ad., December, February, March.

A male from December 7 has still some juvenile wing-coverts and moulting

primaries ; some of the others show a little moult on the body plumage.

" Noctua variegata " was described from Carteret Harbour in southern

New Ireland, and is said to occur on New Britain. In Nov. Zool. 1924, p. 200,

and in Webster's Neiv Guinea, p. 374, I have quoted specimens from New Hanover

as N . variegata. Having now been able to compare them with almost topotypical

New Ireland ones, I find that they differ slightly in being larger. The wings

of our 4 New Hanover skins measure 211, 215, 215, and 224 mm., those of our 6

New Ireland ones 192, 199, 206, 208, 210, 210 mm. Bill in New Hanover larger,

thicker, in the largest from nostril to ti}) 18 mm., in the largest billed New Ireland

birds 17, but mostly much smaller. I am therefore afraid we must separate

the New Hanover bird, and I propose to call it

Ninox variegata superior subsp. nov.

Type: ad., New Hanover, 21. ii. 1897. Cayley Webster coll., No. 435.

There seems to be no constant colour difference, though none of our New

Ireland birds are as light as two out of the four New Hanover ones. Probably

females are larger than males, but the '' sexmg " of some of our birds is perhaps

wrong.

Domieella albidinucha R. & H. (Plate I.)

Domicella albidinucha Rothscliild and Hartert, Bull. B.O. Club, x\v, p. 7 (1924 — " Hillson, S.W.

coast of New Ireland ").

This fine and interesting new Parrot was apparently not rare on the hills

in south-western New Ireland, as Mr. Eichhorn collected ten specimens from

122 NOVITATES ZoOLoaiCAE XXXII. 1925.

November to February. From a distance on the tall trees it probably looks

similar to Domicella hi/poinocliroa, but dififers in many striking points. It is

considerably smaller, the wing measuring (J 15G-1C2, $ 152-15G mm., while in

New Ireland D. hypoinochroa devittata they are 170-175 mm. long, and the bill

of the latter is considerably bigger. In D. albidmiwha the utmost base of culmen

and " cere " (surrounding of nostrils) are black, in D. h. (Jeviltata orange. In

the new species there is a more or less triangular whitish patch, behind the black

crown, the feathers of this patch being creamy white at tip, browiiish yellow in

the middle, greyish black at utmost base. The back of aibidinucha is lighter,

more scarlet, not crimson, and there is not the darker band across the inter-

scapuliimi which exists in devittata. In devittata (and other forms of hypoinochroa)

the feathers on the sides of the neck arc stiffened and narrow, while in aibidinucha

they are in no way modified. Belly, thighs, and under tail-coverts are uniform

scarlet with the breast, in hypoi^ioehroa these parts are blackish purple ; the

thighs, as I said, are scarlet in aibidinucha, but there is a narrow blue frill at the

end of the thigh feathering. The bend of the wing is lavender blue in aibidinucha,

and there are wide yellow bases to the feathers of the jugulum and sides of neck,

strikingly reminding one of Domicella chlorocercus from the Solomons, with its

complete yellow chest-band, and of D. domicella from Ceram and Amboina with its

hidden j-ellow band. Ini&ci, D. chlorocerctis is the nearest ally of D. albidimicha,

differing only from the latter in having a distinct yellow chest-band, a large black

patch on the sides of the neck, blue under wing-coverts, red bases to the primaries,

no white nuchal patch, and green-blue thighs. D. chlorocercus has also the bill

coloured as in D. aibidinucha, and a similarly coloured tail, while the tails of

D. domicella and hypoinochroa are different. D. chlorocercus and aibidinucha

might perhaps be looked upon as subspecies ! The bases of the primaries are red

in D. chlorocercvs, yellow in aibidinucha,. Though D. chlorocercus and aibidinucha

are representative forms from the Solomons and New Ireland, D. domicella is

very different, lacking the black basal patch to the culmen, having a purplish

extension of the black crown over the nape, a red and purplish tail, and is much

bigger.

In D. aibidinucha some tails and wings were moulting, as well as body plumage

in December, November, and January.

Domicella hypoinochroa devittata (Hart.).

Cf. Xov. Zool. 1924, p. 201.

Common November to January. Moult in November and December.

Charmosynopsis placentis pallidior R. & H.

Cf. Nov. Zool. 1924, p. 201.

8 cJ$, end of February.

4 specimens show moult on wings, tail, body plumage.

Charmosynopsis rubrigularis nibrigularis (Scl.).

Trichoglossiis ruhrigularis ScIater,i/'/oc. Zool, Soc. London, 1881, p. 451 (New Britain, type in Godeffroy

Museum, Hamburg).

2 (J, 3 $, all adult, December, January, February. " Iris dull yellow,

reddish j-eUow, pinkish red. Bill reddish yellow, yellowish red, utmost tip

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXII. 1925. 123

and narrow line along tip of cutting edge black. Feet dull yellow, once reddish

yellow."

These birds seem to agree absolutely with a specimen from New Britain,

collected by Dahl. The occurrence on New Ireland has not been recorded. The

differences of C. rubrigularis krakari from Dampier Island or Krakar (Nov. Zool.

1915, p. 31) are well born out by this little series. C. r. krakari is a larger and

more brilliant bird, wings 94-98 ; in C. r. rubrigularis, 87-92 mm., the red chin

spot is larger in some of our New Britain specimens than in our one from Dahl,

and in the figure before me, but as a rule still larger in krakari, and followed by a

more distinct and extended j'ellow patch. The bill in krakari is also shghtly

larger. There is an error in the original description : instead of " outer primary,"

it should have been " outer tail-feather " ! Moreover, the presence or absence

of red at the base of the fourth outer rectrix is individual, and not more frequent

in the birds from New Ireland, which I have no doubt whatever are the same as

the New Britain ones.

I am of opinion that the genera Charmosynopsis and Hypocharmosyna should

not be separated !

Loriculus tener Scl.

Cf. Nov. Zool. xxxi, p. 201.

$ 2. ii. 1924. " Iris dark brown. Bill black. Feet yellowish tan." Doubt-

less the female differs from the adult male in having a bluish face and smaller

red throat patch, while the young has a pale brown (not black) bill and no red

throat spot. I predicted last year that this little Parrot would be found on New

Ireland.

Trichoglossus haematodes aberrans Rchw.

Trichoglosstis aberrans Reichenow, Journl f. Orn. 1918, p. 439. (" Kaiser Wilhelrasland ! "

Stresemann informs me that the specimen collected by Hoffmann is apparently from the south-

easternmost part of Kaiser Wilhelmsland.near Morobe, just north of Hercules Bay. The type

is indeed an aberrant specimen with }'elIowish upperside (like flavicans), but agrees otherwise

with the so-caUed " massena " from the eastern part of British Papua, New Britain, and New

Ireland. It has the narrow black edges to the red feathers of the underside.)

8 (J$, November to January, mostly through the moult, but in some specimens

from various months some moult on tails, wings, and body.

These are the birds which inhabit S.E. Papua, south of the Kai Peninsula,

and the southern islands of the Bismarck Archipelago which have hitherto been

called massena. But I have now, through the Idndness of Professor Menegaux,

examined the type of T. massena Bp. It is obviously a bird from the New

Hebrides, since one can easily distinguish the New Hebrides birds from those of

New Caledonia. In the New Hebrides form, the nape is rich purplish brown,

almost as in the S.E. Papuan form ; it is a sort of dull greenish brown, with

only a purplish tinge, in the New Caledonian form. Both these subspecies,

however, dififer from those of S.E. Papua in the red colour reaching farther

down towards the abdomen, so that there is no conspicuous unspotted green

zone, and the ground colour of the abdomen is hghter, more yellowish green.

The S.E. Papuan form, on the other hand, has a more or less dark-green

abdomen, and there is a wide unspotted area following the red breast. Though

the type of aberrans is an aberrant specimen with more yellowish upperside, the

124 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXII. 1925.

latter name must be iised for this form. We have therefore the following East

Papuan and Eastern Archipelago forms :

Trichoglossus haematodes masscna : New Hebrides.

Trichoglossus haeinalodes deplanchei : New Caledonia.

Trichoglossus haematodes aherrans : S.E. Papua and southern islands of

Bismarck Archipelago (New Britain and New Ireland).

Trichoglossus haematodes flavicans : northern islands of Bismarck Archipelago

(New Hanover, Squally, St. Matthias, and Manus Islands. J. schoedei Rchw. is

a synonym).

Trichoglossus haematodes rnicropteryx : Kai Peninsula (Sattelberg, etc.

Exactly like intermedins, but generally smaller).

Trichoglossus haematodes inlermedius : north coast of Papua from Astrolabe

Bay westwards.

The first name of a member of this group is Psiitacus haematodes Linnaeus.

The author, however, abbreviated the name and wrote " haematod." It is

therefore inconceivable to me how Finsch, in his great work on the Parrots,

could emphatically saj' that Linne wTote haematodus, and how Mathews, in the

B. of Australia, vi, p. 12, could state that Linnaeus wrote haematodes and not

haematodus ! It is probable, of course, that Linne meant haematodes, the blood-

stained, and not haematodus !

Micropsitta bruijnii necopinata subsp. nov.

Micropsitta subspeciei M. bruijnii bruijnii nominandae leviter similis, sed

pileo fusco, in medio pallide brunneo, gastraeo medio dilutiore, aurantio-rubro

(nee coccineo !), subcaudaUbus flavis (nee coccineis !), necnon rostro vaUdiore

distinguenda.

(J: Tliis very distinct representative of M. bruijnii differs from M. bruijnii

bruijnii in the colour of the pileum, which is deep brown, in the middle pale

j^ellowish brown, somewhat variable (as in M. b. bruijnii) ; the wide band under

the ear-coverts from bill to sides of neck and middle of underside orange-red,

not scarlet, as in M. b. bruijnii ; under tail-coverts yellow, not scarlet ! Bill

larger, thicker. " Iris brown. Bill (pale) ashy blue, or slaty blue, sometimes tip

black. Feet ashy blue." Wings 68-71 mm. Moult on tails and body plumage

in November and December.

Type: ^ ad., S.W. New Ireland, lO.xii. 1923. No. 8885. Albert F.

Eichhorn coll.

(I may add that in fine adult males in fresh plumage the side of the head,

including the ear-coverts, are scarlet, but (especially the latter) sometimes

buffy-red or reddish bufi.)

Mr. Eichhorn sent five adult males, shot in November, December, and

February, but no females. It is interesting that M. bruijnii, hitherto not known

to vary geographically, though spread from Burn and Ceram to easternmost

New Guinea, has such a strikingly distinct subspecies on New Ireland. Not

long ago the only form of Micropsitta (" Nasiterna ") inhabiting the Bismarck

Archipelago (cf. Reichenow, Vog. d. Bismarckinseln, p. 02) was 31. pusio, found

on New Britain and on Duke of York Islands, while it is now a fact that M.

bruijnii necopinata and 31. finschii viridijrons (described from New Hanover)

inhabit New Ireland.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXII 1925. 125

Micropsitta finschii viridiiroiis (R. & H.).

Cf. Nov. Zool. 1924, p. 202.

This Parrot, so far only known from New Hanover, does not seem to be rare

on New Ireland, as Eiclihorn sent G males and 2 females shot in S.W. New Ireland

from November to January. They are in finer islumage than any of ours from

New Hanover. They agree in every way with the New Hanover birds, except

that the forehead is a shade brighter, but this is probably due to the freshness

of the plumage. The wings measure, (J 03-66, $ 61, 63 mm.

Lorius roratus solomonensis (>gootlsoni !).

Cf. Nor. Zool. 1901, p. 82; 1921, pp. 12:1, 203 !

4 (5*, 2 $ from New Ireland are nearest to L. r. solomonensis, but show transi-

tions to rjoodsoni. The wings of the males measure 247-257, females 253 mm.

The other female is not fully adult. The bills are mostly not bigger than in

Solomonensis, but in one male nearly as large as in goodsoni, the culmen measuring

40 mm. from cere to tip with compass (in goodsoni 43 '5-45 mm.). The green

of the head of the males is not as dark grass-green as in goodsoni, but is the

same as in solomonensis.

Alcyone websteri Hart.

Cf. Nov. Zool. 1924, p. 204.

2 (^ad., S.W. New Ireland, 12. ii., 21. ii. 1924.

As I predicted I.e. the species is also found in New Ireland. We have thus

a distribution from Rook Island, New Britain, New Ireland to New Hanover.

Wings 90, 91 mm. The first specimen moults tail and body plumage.

Ceyx lepida mulcata Rothsch. & Hart.

Ceyx solilaria mulmla Rothschild & Hartert, Bull. B.O. Club, xxsv, p. 24 (1914 — New Hanover).

We described this little Kingfisher from New Hanover from some spirit

specimens collected by Webster, but unfortunately Eichhorn did not obtain

specimens. He has, however, sent a jjair (at least sexed as a pair) from New

Ireland. In the male both mandibles are black (except the utmost tip, which

is light brown), in the female the lower mandible has obviously been partially

brown, though this is not mentioned on the label. The lores are brownish orange.

The back is not entirely purplish blue, but has some light greenish blue feathers

along the middle. The throat is light sulphur yellow, the rest of the underside

orange. Wings ^ 89, $ 93, bill from end of frontal feathering ^ 38, $ 30 mm.

The iris is described as brown, the feet as yellow.

This subspecies is extremely closely allied to C. I. nigromaxilla — apparently

only known from two females from Guadalcanar — but the bill is slenderer, the

luider mandible not dirty red, the throat a shade yellower, breast and sides of

breast not so chestnut, but more sufiused with yellow.

Halcyon tristrami novaehibemiae subsp. nov.

Differs from H. tristrami, of New Britain, in having shorter wings and smaller

bill, and having the underside, lores, and collar white, with or without a faint

buff tinge on lores, collar, and sometimes on the underside ; in the New Britain

126 NOVITATES ZooLoaicAK XXXII. 1925.

tristrami the underside from chest to under tail-coverts is usually rich rust colour,

in two cases nearly white, in nine (out of 22 in Berlin, London, Tring) intermediate.

Upperside of nomehiberniae usually darker. Wing 102-107 (in tristrami tristrami

108-117), bill from end of frontal feathering on the side, 35-39 (in iristr. tristrami

43-45) mm. IVpe : ^J ad., S.W. New Ireland, 24. xii. 1923. A. F. Eiclihorn coll.

No. 8906.

Eiclihorn sent four adults and five younger specimens with dusky edges to

the feathers of the chest, and one still with buff edges to the upper wing-covert3.

The iris of all is described as dark brown, the feet as blackish. The bills are

black, but about the basal half of the lower mandibles arc whitish.

On re-examining the Kingfishers of this group in the British Museum and at

Tring, I find that the Fauro specimens (Fauro is in the Shortland group, Solomon

Islands) are indistinguishable from the New Britain Ijirds, and possibly our

H. tristrami alberti from the Solomon Islands will be found to be inseparable from

H. t. tristrami (which varies more than we knew formerly), but the wings of our

good series measure only 102-111, mostly 104-108 mm.

Probably H. t. tristrami is the representative of H. cMoris, and the occurrence

of the bird called H. solomonis ^ together with tristrami is probably a myth. The

specimens in the British Museum called " solomonis " are not well labelled, and

partially belong to other forms. There is one labelled by Ramsay as " one of

the types," but it has no rust colour on the chest ; the bird from Suva, Fiji

Islands, collected by Nieoll and called solomonis, must belong to vitiensis ; the

specimen labelled " New Ireland " by P. L. Sclater is of the same preparation

as one labelled " Solomon Islands " by Sharpe, and I have no doubt that both

are from the same collection, and probably from the Solomon Islands (? Ugi).

Specimens from Api, New Hebrides, and from Tongatabu do not belong to

solomonis, as they have a large white or rusty nape patch and a superciliary line !

In the Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xvii and in the Handlist the forms of the genus

Halcyon were not well understood and very misleadingly arranged, also the quota-

tions were not alwa3's carefullj' revised.

Of H. salomonis the first full description was not quoted in Cat. B. svii,

p. 280, and from the fact that one of the specimens in the British Museum

was labelled " cotype " by Ramsay, Lord Rothschild and I, when describing

H. perplexa, fell into the same error as our old friend Sharpe, i.e. that we did not

grasp the fact that these Kingfishers varied very much ; in fact, they vary from

a rufous rust coloured underside, collar, and lores to a form in which these parts

are white, and the upperside is often more blue, often more green. Thus it comes

out that H. j^erplexa is a synonym of H. salomonis in the original sense and in

that of Sharpe and ourselves when naming perplexa ; it is also evident to me that

the birds from the Fiji Islands, which have been called {Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xvii,

pp. 272 and 281 — separated by four other species and a number of subspecies !)

cassini and s^ivensis, and which should be called vitiensis, are the same ; further,

pealii and iutuilae, both from Tutuila Island, Samoan group, must be the same 1

1 H. solomonin is tho original spelling, and the first and vory full description is not, as quoted

Cat. B. xvii, p. 280, 1882, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, vii, p. 21, but vol. vi, p. 833. Unfortunately

we had apparently not read tho first description when describing H. perplexa^ but there is no doubt

that perplexa is a synonym of solomonis (in 1883, vol. vii, spolt salamonis !). Moreover, it seems that

tliis form, which lacks the white nape patch so conspicuous in chloris and tristrami, varies very much ,

and the birds without and with rufous rust colour seem to be the same !

NOVITATES ZOOLOQICAE XXXII. 1925. 127

There was no reason for Finsch and Hartlaub's rejection of Peale's name vitiensis

for the Fiji birds, but Sharpe added to the confusion by describing suvensis from

Fiji — unless, indeed, there are small differences between the birds from the various

islands in the Fiji group, in which case it would be necessary to see the type of

cassini, as only the Fiji group, not a special island, has been stated, but probably

these islands have the same form of Halcyon. Townsend and Wetmore (Bull.

Mus. Ixiii. p. I'jy, 1919) quite correctly reinstated Peale's name vitiensis and

treated it as a subspecies of sacra, which is doubtless correct, as they difier only

in being smaller, and the black band on the nape is generally (not always !) less

develojDed or absent.

A further study will perhaps prove that sacra and all the forms mentioned

above are only subspecies of chloris ! It is evident that on one island only one

form of this group is found, though the various islands, even some not very distant

ones, have different forms.

Cacoinantis variolosus macrocercus Stres.

Cacomantis sepnkralis macrocercus Stresemann, Anz. Orn. Ges. Bayern, No. 5, p. 37 (1921 — New

Britain, probably also Duke of York and New Ireland).

(J(J ad.. New Ireland, lG.ix.l923, 2.ii.l924. The first has the whole

abdomen up to the breast cinnamon-rufous, the other has only a rufous wash,

being nearly all grey on the abdomen. Wings 118 and ? 116 (moulting) ; tails

122, 128 mm.

$ juv,, 21. ii. 1924. This bird has on the upperside two different kinds of

feathers, most of them having pale buff, some darker rufous, almost chestnut

bars ; the latter are coming in fresh — therefore, the young moults into a (darker)

juvenile plumage before acquiring the unbarred adult garb !

Centropus violaceus Quoy et Gaim.

Cenlropus violaceus Quoy et Gaimard, Voy. Astrolabe, Zool. i, p. 299 (1830 — South New Ireland) ;

Atlas Voy. Astrolabe, Zool. pi. xix.

Of this large rare bird we received an adult male, shot in S.W. New Ireland,

17. xi. 1923. " Iris dark red. Bill black. Feet pale slaty horn colour."

We had already a bad and not adult specimen, shot on New Ireland by

Curtis.

In the adult the fresh feathers are dark violet and have a glossy violet border,

but older, more or less worn feathers of the upperside are dark blue black with a

more glossy border. There is moult on tail and body feathers. Wing 290, tail

410 mm.

Centropus ateralbus Less.

Centropus ateralbus Lesson, Ferussac's Bull. Sci. Nat. viii, p. 113 (1826 — New Ireland).

A series of eight, four of which are fully adult. As weU-known, there is in

this species a great variability of the extent of the black colour, especially on the

head. As a rule there is black on the forehead, varying from a few black feathers

to a black forehead extending far beyond the eyes, but among our twenty skins

is none quite without black on the forehead. As a rule the neck all round is white,

but sometimes there are some black feathers along the back of the neck, sometimes

the whole upperside of the neck is black, connecting the back forehead and crown

128 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXIT. 1925.

with the back. But this variation is not individual, but due to age, the birds with

the greater amount of black being juvenile ; this is proved by the fact that they

also have the primary coverts (which are white in fully adult specimens) black,

that they have some brown or whitish horn colour on the bill (which is entirely

black in the adults), that they show some brown juvenile feathers on the wings,

or along the breast, or brown shafts to the feathers of the crown, and that, as far as

our skins are fully labelled (like all of Meek and Eichhorn's), the iris (which is red

in the adults) is brown, or in one case " blue-grey." Possibly the greater amount

of the juvenile is exceptionally also found in adults, but we have no such examples.

As stated Nov. Zool. 1914, p. 211, specimens from Rook Island have, as

a rule, larger bills, and I will return to this question if a series from New Britain

comes to hand.

Collocalia francica reichenowi or eichhomi.

Collomlia francica reichenowi Stresemann, A'oi'. Zooh 1012, p. IWO (rSoIomon Islanda, New Ireland,

New Britain).

Collocalia francica eiclihorni Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1924, p. 269 (St. Matthias Island).

1 cj, 2 $ were shot in S.W. New Ireland in January 1924. In Nov. Zool.

1924 I said that they are " perfectly similar " to the St. Matthias specimens, but

I cannot help noticing now that the rumps are not quite so white, but more

brownish. The imderside of one is as brownish as that of the type of reichenowi

(from Guadalcanar), the other two have it as light as C. /. eiclihorni. When

describing the latter, it seemed to me to be quite distinct, but it may be that

eichhomi and reichtnoici will not be separable. I hoije to receive specimens

from New Britain, which may possibly enable me to decide this question. Wings

104 (not 102) and 107 mm.

Collocalia esculenta esculeuta (L.).

I cannot separate the two specimens shot on the S.W. coast of New Ireland

in January from other apparently tj'pical esculenta. Wings 101 and 105, both

marked as females. See remarks Nov. Zool. 1924, p. 20G.

Pitta macklotii novaehibemicae Rams.

Pilla novae-hihernicac Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. X.S. ]\'alc.9, iii, p. 7.3 (1878 — New Ireland).

a. also Nov. Zool. 1914, p. 214; 1924, p. 207 !

A fine series of eight adult birds, collected January, February, and March.

Wings 92-101 mm. — all sexed as males, but probablj' the small sj^ecimens are

females. Three specimens have a small white spot of varying size on the lesser

upper wing-coverts.

P. TO. gazellae Neum. differs at a glance by its black lower throat (which is

brownish red in novaehibemicae). and its black band separating the blue of the

chest from the red of the abdomen, this being very narrow or absent in novae-

hibemicae.

The New Hanover specimens do not differ from those of New Ireland. It

is true that in our series from New Hanover the red nape is lighter than in nearly

all New Ireland specimens, but this seems to be due to the worn state of the

New Hanover birds.

This is another instance of the difference between the New Britain and

New Ireland fauna.

NOVITATES ZooLoaiCAE XXXII. 1925. 129

Monarcba alecto chalybeocephalus (Gamot).

Muscicapa chahjheocephalus Garnot, Voy. Coquille i. 2, p. 589 (1829 — Port Praslin, S. New Ireland).

Nov. Zool. 192t, p. 208.

A series of males and females, December and February. Females with

crown metallic blue-black, forehead and lores glossless, back light chestnut,

underside white. Wings ^ 88-91, ? 84-86 mm.

Monarcha hebetior eichhomi Hart.

Monarcha heletior ekhhorni Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1924, p. 271 (New Hanover).

We received four males and three females, collected November to February.

The males agree with the two males from New Hanover, their wings measuring

82-86, the tails 69-71 (in the two New Hanover males 69 and 74) mm. The

females differ very much from those of M. hebetior hebetior — from New Hanover

no females are known. The crown and sides of head are dark ash-grey, rest of

upperside brownish chestnut, much less bright than in the female of M. hebetior

hebetior (Nov. Zool. 1924, p. 270), and very much darker than in that of M.

alecto chalyheocephalus. Throat and breast ash-grey, becoming gradually whitish

on the middle of the abdomen, flanks rusty grey-brown. Iris dark brown, bill

black, feet dark slate. Wings 75, 755 mm. This form, eichhomi, differs from

M. hebetior hebetior not only in the longer wing and differently coloured female,

but specially also in the strikingly longer tail ! While the tails of male 31.

heb. hebetior measure 60-62, those of male eichhomi are 70-74 mm., $ of hebetior

57 and 60, of eichhomi 66 and 67 mm. — 31. hebetior eichhomi (or a closely allied

subspecies ') occurs also on New Britain, as there is a female collected by Kubary,

20. v. 1886, in the Tring Museum, and another from New Britain, ex Th. Klein-

schmidt, in the British Museum. I never knew what to make of our specimen,

and the one in the British Museum I foiuid among the chalybeocephalus.

Moulting specimens were shot in January and February.

Monarcha verticalis Scl.

Cf. Nov. Zool. 1914, p. 214; 1924, p. 207.

A series of black and white adults and two young. The latter are on the

upperside greyish brown, forehead yellowish brown, underside rusty buff, middle

of abdomen white. If correctly sexed the adult males and females are alike,

and even the more grey rump mentioned as being peculiar to the female is not

a sure character to distinguish the latter. The width of the white vertical cross-

band and the extent of the black on the hind-neck varies. Reichenow quotes

31. verticalis only from New Britain and Duke of York Islands, but we have it

nov/ from Rook Island, New Hanover, and New Ireland.

Monarcha chrysomela chrysomela (Less.).

Muscicapa chrysomela Lesson, Voy. Coquille, Zool. i. 1, p. 344 (1828— name for pi. xviii, fig. 2, shot

by Lesson at Praslin Harbour, South New Ireland).

The males are even a shade more deep orange than those from New Hanover

(Nov. Zool. 1924, p. 207), but this is probably due to the freshness of specimens

and plumage. Two of the females have the bill slaty blue with black tip and are

1 With paler tliroat in the female ?

130 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXII. 1925.

adult, two have the bill blackish with the basal two-thirds dull yellow, the latter

being immature, the edges of the secondaries being more rufous.

Eichhorn sent six males and four females. Two (November and December)

males are in full moult, the others in quite fresh plumage.

Rhipidura tricolor melaleuca (Quoy & Gaimard).

Musrirapa melaleuca Quoy ct G.iimard, Voij. Aslwlale, Zool. i, p. 180 (1830 — New Ireland).

Cf. Nov. Zool. 1914, p. 215.

Series December to March.

Wings of adult males 105, 107-1 10, females 97 and 99 mm.

Rhipidura rufiventris setosa (Quoy & Gaim.).

Muscipeta selosa Quoy et Gaimanl, Voy. Aslrulale, Zool. i, p. 181, pi. iv, fig. 4 (1830 — Carteret

Harbour, South New Ireland).

Rhipidura rufiventris alhertorum Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1924, p. 207 (New Hanover !).

8 (J? November and December.

For about haK a century ornithologists have been in error about the true

Bh. setosa ! Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. iv, p. 329, 1879, and Salvadori, Cm.

Pap. ii, p. 61, 1881, united Bh. setosa and gularis, and described the abdomen as

oclvraceous buff or rufescent. The examinations of specimens from the Duke

of York Islands and from New Britain led us all to believe that they were the

same as those from New Ireland, and the locality " Bismarck Archipel " led to

continue the error. There are now, however, four forms, niveiventris ivom Manus,

mussani from St. Matthias Island, setosa from New Ireland and New Hanover,

and finschii from Duke of York and New Britain ! The general impression that

setosa has a buff abdomen led me to describe the New Hanover form as albertorum,

while it actually agrees with topotypical setosa in having the middle of the

abdomen wliite ! Quoy and Gaimard clearly describe the New Ireland bird as

" abdomine caudaeque extremitate albidis " and " les sourcils et le ventre sont

blancs," and fig. 4 on plate iv shows the abdomen wliite. As all our skins from

S.W. New Ireland have the abdomen white, it is clear that the New Ireland form

must be called setosa, and as specimens from New Hanover are exactly Uke the

latter, albertorum is a synonym of setosa. On the otheT hand, specimens from

New Britam and the Duke of York group must be called finschii ! Salvadori,

Or7i. Pap. iii, p. 532 (1882), separated the New Britain birds from comparison

with specimens of gularis from New Guinea, which he called setosa. As it often

happens, a form described under wrong premises must nevertheless retain the

name given to it at the time. Bh. ruf. finschii tliffers from Bh. ruf. gularis in

the paler colour of the upperside and the wide white outer edges to the inner

secondaries. In setosa these edges are as pure white as in finschii, but less wide !

In November and December several specimens moulting.

Rhipidura dahli Rchw.

Rhipidura dahli Reiclicnow, Orii. Monatsber. 18'J7, p. 7 (Kaluni, New Britain) ; id. Mill. Zool. Sainml.

Berlin, i, p. 88, pi. ii, fig. 2 (1899).

Five males and one female of this rare 1)ird (only known from one female in

the Berlin Museum, collected by Dr. Dahl) were collected in S.W. New Ireland

in November, December, January, and February.

N0VITATE3 ZOOLOOICAE XXXII. 1925. 131

The adult male diflfers from the female in being larger, in having the top

of the head and especially the ear-coverts darker (dark brown), the throat darker,

not greyish-brownish- white, but dark brownish-grey ; the white short supercihary

line and the white line on both sides of the throat are the same. Our female has

only the two central rectrices with longitudinal blackish patches before the tip,

in two of our males we find the same, the others have these blackish patches on

all rectrices, except the outer pair, and in one they are also, though very small,

developed on the outermost pair. " Iris brown, dark bro'mi. Bill black, more

or less whitish at base. Feet pale slate, pale bluish grey, smoky horn colour."

Wings S 67-69, ? 03 mm.

Heinroth, when describing his Rh. matth iae, said it had much similarity with

Eh. dahli, but the latter differs strikingly in the large white patch on the

forehead, black chest and absence of black on the rectrices. The latter is well

developed in Rh. dedemi of Ceram, which, however, has a white throat, black

and white spotted breast, and stumpier bill, while the rufifrons group with its

numerous subspecies has a rufous forehead, white throat (except saipanensis),

and whitish tips to the rectrices (except superflua and teysmanni) ; though they

seem to be their nearest allies, it would be hazardous and perhaps confusing to

treat dedemi, dahli, and matthiae as subspecies of the rufifrons group.

It is, of course, not impossible that a series of males from New Britain may

show shght differences from the New Ireland form.

Lalage karu karu (Less.).

Lanius Karu Lesson, Voy. Coquille, Zool. Atlas, pi. xii (1826 — Praslin Harbour, S. New Irtlaud);

id., tejrt, i, 1, p. 633 (1828— Praslin).

6 (J, 2 $ December and February. " Iris dark brown. Bill black. Feet

dark slate colour." Wings ^ 99-101 mm.

These birds, like the Rhipidura rufiventris setosa, are very valuable, because

they are topotypical. Hitherto all authors took specimens from Duke of York

Islands and New Britain as typical, but they differ quite obviously ! The latter

are much more rufous underneath, the whole abdomen of the males being rufous

(sometimes paler, usually fairly rich), often quite or mostly unbarred, while in

the true karu the whole abdomen is distinctly barred, and rufous only in the

middle. I therefore separated Lalage karu albidior after comparing it with

specimens from the Duke of York Islands, New Britain (and Rook Island), which

I took — erroneously — for the typical karu ! As it is, albidior, at least in the males,

is, on the underside, still lighter than karu ; the white of the throat extends in all our

four males to the jugulum, the barring on the breast and abdomen is less distinct.

The form inliabiting New Britain, the Duke of York Islands, and Rook

Island, with its rufescent underside (except throat and jugulum, and even the

latter often tinged with rufous), has no name and I call it therefore :

Lalage karu falsa subsp. nov.

Type: c? ad., Duke of York Islands, 4.xi.l880. Th. Kleinschmidt coll.

(No. 9837 of the Godeffroy Museum, Hamburg). In Tring Museum.

The females of L. karu falsa differ from L. karu karu and albidior in the same

way as the males, but are of course heavier barred than the males. While the

males of L. k. karu and albidior are distinct, the females of the latter can hardly

be distinguished.

10

132 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXII. 1925.

Edolisoma morio remotum Sharpe.

Edoliinoma remotum Sharpe, iliu. Zoo}, ilus. Dresden, i, p. 369 (1S78 — Xew Hanover).

1 (J ad., 3 9, iicl., 1 $ juv., 1 (J jiiv.. New Ireland, January to March. The

cJ is exactly like those from New Hanover. The females are paler on the under-

side, but one is really not separable from one of New Hanover, and the two palest

birds are moulting, containing older paler and new darker feathers on the under-

side. Taking into consideration the great variability in the females of several

other forms of Edolisoma, we cannot venture to separate the New Ireland birds

from the New Hanover ones, which are topotypical.

Young birds are, of course, recognisable by their light bills, which are

brown, greater part of under mandible light horn colour.

Graucalus lineatus sublineatus >Scl.

Graucalus sullinealus Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1S79, p. 448 (New Ireland 1).

{O. lineatus of AustraUa has the abdomen barred in both sexes, while in sub-

lineatus, axillaris, maforensis, jmsillus, nigrifrons, and ombriosus the females only

have a barred underside, the males not. Stresemann, in Archivf. Naturg. Ixxxix,

A, Heft 8, p. 18, beUeves that the male of suhli),.eatu.i is also barred on the

abdomen ; our male shows only a few remains of bars, as they are also seen in

some ombriosus, while others are quite unbarred ; I believe that these bars will

not always be present ! Rothschild and I called the forms from the Solomon

Islands G. pusillus pusillus, pusillus nigrifrons, and pusillus ombriosus, but I

agree with Stresemann that they can be looked ujjon as subspecies of lineatus,

notwithstanding the sexual dimorphism. The males of G. I. ombriosus and

sublineatus are not distinguishable, except by size, the former being smaller than

sublineatus ; in the females the dark bars on the abdomen are blacker in ombriosus.

I disagree, of course, with Stresemann, I.e., that Coracina Vieill. can be rejected

on account of Coiacimts Pall., but the names Grav.calus and Coracina being both

published in 1816, there is no sufficient reason to replace the famihar Graucalus !).

Eichhorn sent a male and a female shot on January 23. The male is

almost uniform on the abdomen, but there are some faint indications of whitish

bars and some distinct ones on the under tail-coverts. The female is barred

like that of ombriosus, but the blackish bars are not so deep black. Wing of

male 141 '5, of female 138 mm. The iris is chrome yellow, bill and feet black.

Graucalus papuensis sclateri Salvad.

O/aucalus sclaleri Salvador!, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 1878, p. 325 (New Ireland).

Series January to March.

Most specimens show some moult. A January bird has still most of its

juvenile tail feathers, a March female has only half a tail, all rectrices juvenile.

Pachycephala pectoralis finschi Rchw.

Ci. Rchw., Mill. Zool. Samml. Berlin, i. 3, p. 92 ; Dahl, ibid. p. 202 ; Rothschild & Hartcrt, Nov.

;5oo/. 1903, pp. 101, 102; 1914, p. 216 ; 1924, p. 209.

5 (J, 4 $, all collected in November. 3 (J, 1 ? moulting wings and tail. This

seems to be the resident, breeding Pachycephala of New Hanover, New Ireland,

and New Britain, while P. p. dahli Rchw. inhabits the small groups of Duke of

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXII. 1925. 133

York, Credner, Pipon, Palakura, Nakung, but has also been observed near the

sea^shore (but apparently not inland ?) on New Britain (Gazelle Peninsula),

and at Kaevieng on N. New Ireland. It seems, therefore, that both are repre-

sentative forms of pectoralis, though occasionally dahli is found in the same area

as finschi.

The biUs of finschi are rather variable in size on New Hanover as well as on

New Ireland.

Philemon eichhomi Rothsch. & Hart.

Philemon eichhorni Rothscliild & Hartert, Bull. B.C. C'luh, xlv, p. 8 (1924 — S.W. coast of New

Ireland).

This Philemon is a quite distinct species. Its upperside is sepia-brown,

the crown less dark, and sometines with a rusty tinge, behind the crown is a white

ring, formed by the white tips to the feathers. Tips of rectrices white. Under-

side paler brown, with a greyish white tip, lower abdomen uniform brown, throat

and foreneck white (somewhat silvery) with bases and shaft Hues deejs brown.

Under tail-coverts widely edged with white. " Bill black, iris dark brown, feet

slaty blue." Wings ^ 147-150, ? 135-139, tail $ 126-132, culmen 23-46 mm.

Eichhorn sent nine specimens from the hills 2,500 feet high in S.W. New

Ireland, shot December, January, and February. Old birds moulting in December,

specimens with remains of juvenile plumage (white edges on upperside, yellow

wash on jugulum) in January.

Myzomela pulchella Salvad.

Myzomda pulchella Salvador!, Om. Pap. Aggiunte, iii, p. 231 (1891 — New Ireland !) ; Reichenow

Milt. Zool. Samml. Museum, Berlin, i. 3, p. 101 (1899).

It seems that only the type in the British Museum is known in litera-

ture. Neither Brown, Heinroth, nor other collectors came across this bird, and

Th. Kleinschmidt did not collect many. A. F. Eichhorn sent one " male" from

S.W. New Ireland, shot 22.1.1924. He describes the iris as dark brown, bill as

black, feet as slate colour. The wing measures only 62 mm,

Myzomela cruentata coccinea Rams.

Cf. Nov. Zool. 1924, p. 210 !

Six full-plumaged adult " males," 2 juveniles marked $, two marked (J, which

seems correct, as two are larger. The adults are all of the same size, wings

58-CO mm.

Zosterops fuscicapilla hypoxaatha Salvad.

a. Nov. Zool. 1924, p. 211.

Seven specimens, January and February, juvenile or moulting. The young

birds have the base of the under-mandible extensively light, " horn colour "

according to the labels, flesh colour in dry skins.

These specimens do not have the top and sides of head so deep and extensively

black-brown as our New Hanover specimens, but this is probably due to their

being moulting or juvenile ; as hypoxantha was described from New Britain,

and only specimens collected by Kleinschmidt, Richards, and Dahl, in Hamburg,

BerUn, and Liverpool are known, all from New Britain, a series from the latter

134 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXII. 1925.

island must be awaited to decide finally if more than one form of it can be separated

on the islands from New Britain to New Hanover.

Dicaeiun eximium eximium Scl.

Dicaeum eximium Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1877, p. 102, pi. xiv (New Ireland ! ).

Though we already received a series from New Hanover, we were delighted

to get a topotypical series from S.W. New Ireland. They agree entirely wdth

the New Hanover birds. Wings ^J o0"5-53 mm., $ 47-51 mm.

Cinnyris sericeus corinna (Salvad.).

Cf. Nov. Zool. 1924, p. 212.

First described from Duke of York Island.

Both sexes from November to February. There is the same variation

in the colour of the tliroat, which is usually sleel-blue, sometimes with a distinct

purplish tinge. Most January specimens show moult on wings and tails, also on

the body plumage.

Cinnyris jugularis flavigastra (Gould).

Keciarinia flavigastra Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1843, p. 104 (New Ireland !).

4 cj, 3 $ end of February and early in March. This topot3'pical series confirms

that the birds from New Ireland and New Hanover to St. Matthias and Manus,

as weU as from Rook and Dampier Islands, are indistinguishable.

Cisticola exilis (subsp. ? ).

3 ad. (J with unstriped head, one with partially striijed head (moult not

seen), 1 $ ad., 1 ^ juv., February and March. Cf. Nov. Zool. 1924, p. 212 !

Megalurus macrurus interscapularis Scl.

[Sphenoeactis macr!/n« Salvador!, Ann. 3Jns.Cir. Genova, ix, sp. 35(1876 — Kaiabui, S.E. Papua).]

Megalnrm interscapularis Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1880, p. 65, pi. vi (New Britain).

6 1^$ ad., 2 juv., all February 23-29. " Iris brown. Upper mandible

brown, lower light horn colour. Feet light brownish horn colour." Wings

(5 73-75, 9 78, 79 mm. In the young birds the crown is not rufous, but of the

colour of the back, and the underside pale yellow.

The form inlerscajnilaris from the Bismarck Archipelago is easily distinguish-

able from the typical macrurus of S.E. Papua ; the latter has the crown deeper

chestnut, the edges to the feathers of the upperside more rufescent (much more

greyish in interscapularis), wings, rump, and tails more rufous brown.

A series from the Kumusi River, in N.E. British Papua, south of the former

German boundary, and one from the Upper Mambare River, is clearly intermediate

between M. macrurus macrurus and interscapularis ; they are clearly less rufous

than the specimens from the southern slopes of the Owen Stanley Moimtains

and elsewhere in S.E. Papua, and hardly separable from interscapularis. Unfor-

tunately we are not yet sufficiently acquainted with the seasonal changes of these

birds. The Australian form alisteri (possibly separable into more than one

subspecies) is clearly a subspecies of macrurus, as already pointed out by

Stresemarm.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXII. 1925. . 135

(We have also a skin from the Rawlinson Mountains, inland of Huongolf,

from 1,450 m. elevation, collected b}' the Rev. Keysser, 2.ix.l91I, wliich seems

to agree with the Owen Stanley birds.)

(We also have a specimen shot by Webster at Expedition Bay, New Hanover,

15.iii. 1897, sent in spirits and skinned here. It seems to agree with New Ireland

and New Britain birds, but the Ijill seems to be larger. Unfortunately Eichhorn

did not get this species on New Hanover.)

Erythrura triclu'oa goodtellowi Grant.

Erylhrura trichroa ijoocljelloin Ogilvie-Grant, Bull. B.O. Cluh, xxix, p. 29 (1911 — Moroka Mts., British

New Guinea).

A single male was shot 21 .xii. 1923. It seems to agree with E. t. goodfelloivi,

which we have from S.E. Papua, Vulcan, Dampier, and Sudest Islands, the

blue of the forehead being less in extent and somewhat darker than in E. t. eich-

horni (Nov. Zool. 1924, p. 274) from St. Matthias Island. The bill is somewhat

thicker than in our goodfelloivi, but not much, and there is some variation in

this respect. No Erythrura has ever before been found on New Ireland. Wing

63 mm.

Munia forbesi Scl.

Munia forbesi Sclater, Proc. Zool, Soc. London, 1879, p. 449, pi. xxxviii (South Now Ireland).

This Munia is only luiown from New Ireland. The type was got at Topaia

in South New Ireland, and after that, apparently, only Dr. Heinroth came across

it in the utmost north of the island. Eichhorn sent eleven skins, all obtained

in the last week in February. The colour of the upperside is somewhat variable,

being lighter and more yellowish in worn jilumage, darker, more chestnut in

a fresh state. In one specimen there are grej'ish fringes to the feathers of the

back. " Iris dark brown. Bill slaty black. Feet slaty blue." Wings 51-53 mm.

A young male is much paler above and below, and the crown is striped dark

brown and blackish.

[Munia Jiunsteini (Finsch), only known from the utmost north of New Ireland,

where Finsch, and more recently Heinroth, collected it, has not been received.)

Aplonis cantoroides cantoroides (Gray).

Calornis cantoroides Gray, Proc. Zool, Soc, London, 1861, p. 431 (Mysol).

4 (J, $ ad., December, January, and March.

" Iris yellowish red, bill and feet black."

Aplonis metallica nitida (Gray).

Calornis nitida Gray, Proc, Zool, Soc. London, 1858, p. 181 (New Ireland). Of. Noi: Zool. 1924, p. 212.

Series from December to February. Most December specimens moulting.

The specimens with indistinct or absent purple patch on the interscapuUum are

females.

Mino dumontii kreffti (Scl.).

Cf. Nov, Zool, 1924, p. 212.

A series November to January. Some December birds are moulting.

The bases of the feathers of the hind-neck are sometimes pure white, some-

13(5 NOTITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXII. 1925.

times dark grey to the base, or at least nearly so. What is the reason for this

striking variation ? Are the birds with grey bases to the feathers females 1

The labels on our skins do not bear this out.

Artamus insignis Scl.

Arlamiis insignis Sclater, Proc, Zool. Soc. London, 1877, p. 101, pi. xv (Xew Ireland !).

January to March. " Iris dark brown. Bill chalky blue, utmost tip

blackish. Feet pale chalky blue, pale slaty blue." Wings 144-149 mm. A

younger bird has white tips to quills and rectrices.

P. L. Sclater, when describing A. insignis, called already attention to the

fact that A. monachus from Celebes was the nearest ally — perhaps in modern

view only subspecies.

Dicranostreptus megarhynchus (Quoy et Gaimard).

EdoUus megarhi/nchus Quoy ct Gaimard, ]'oi/. Astrola'ie, Zool. i, p. 184, pi. vi (1830 — " Dorey,

New Guinea," errors ! The type must have come from New Ireland !).

This remarkable species, with its long deeply forked tail and elongated

outer rectrices twisted completely round near the tip, is only Itnown from New

Ireland. It was first erroneously stated to have come from Dorey in the Beran

Peninsula. Then Gray quoted it even more erroneously as from the Key Islands

(in such tabular lists errors are often made by the writer or by the printer),

an error repeated without criticism by Finscli ; finally Sclater quoted it to have

come from the Solomon Islands, in a list of birds sent in spirits by the captain of

the yacht Chance, during a voyage to the Solomon Islands. It is, however,

certain that some of these were picked up on other islands than any Solomon

archipelago ones, none being specially labelled, and a vague locality like " Solomon

Islands " is at once open to doubt. In any case, New Ireland is the only island

whence Dicranostreptus megarhynchus is loiown. It must be fairly common in

the southern parts of this island. We received long ago eight bad skins from

there by Curtis, and now Eichhorn sent a fine series, collected in November,

December, and February. The iris is marked as dark red and burnt red, bill

and feet as black. Wings in adult males 183-187, in females 171-179 mm.

Longest tails in adult males 380 and 400 mm., in females shorter (330, 360).

Tail moult in February.

[In the list of birds appears still a " Dicrurus cornice," Edolius cornice

Lesson, Voy. Coquille, Zool. i, p. 344, said to have been shot at PrasUn Harbour,

South New Ireland. This should be eliminated from the Papuan fauna ! It is

supposed to have been grey, with the underside paler, and to be only a

" variety " of the Javan D. cineraceus ! As this group is not known to occur

in the Papuan region, I have no doubt whatever that it was erroneously believed

to have been shot on New Ireland. The type was lost in a shipwreck near the

Cape of Good Hope.]

Corvus coronoides insularis Heinr.

Cf. iVof. Zool. 1903, p. 90; 1914, p. 218 ; 1924, p. 218.

A young male, 4 . iii . 1924,

NoVFTATES ZboLOClC/E. Mjl. XXXII. 1925.

Pl. I.

1. DOMICEIXA ALBIDINUCHA R.&H.

2. MlCROPSITTA MEEKF R..&. H.

riodges « Son Imp London.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXII. 1925. 137

A NEW FOEM OF CHUKAR PARTRIDGE.

Alectoris graeca hleini subsp. nov.

By ERNST HARTERT.

IN 1917 I named the Chukar inhabiting Cyprus Alectoris graeca Cypriotes. In

1921 I stated that this form is much wider spread than I knew in 1917, rang-

ing from Crete, Rhodes, and Cyprus to the Greek Islands (Sporades, Cyclades),

througli Asia Minor and to Syria and the mountains of Judaea in Palestine.

This I must again restrict, as I have received from the Natural History Museum

of the King of the Bulgars, through the kindness of Dr. E. Klein in Sofia, two

specimens from Dede Agach and another from Harmanli. With these agree

specimens from Skyros (Northern Cyclades) and " Bosphorus " (probably the

European side). All these are darker on the upperside, being browner, and

especially the rump and upper tail-coverts are less greyish, more olivaceous ;

the upperside thus becomes more uniform, while in true Cypriotes there is a strong

contrast, especially in fresh plumage, between the greyish neck and rump and

the vinous-brown back. The throat of the European specimens is also darker

brown. I have examined specimens from Skyros, Dede Agach (Dedeagatsch),

Harmanli, and " Bosphorus." I propose for this form the name Alectoris

graeca kleini, after Dr. E. Klein of Sofia. Type $ ad., Island of Skyros, Aegaean

Sea, 14.x. 1894. Strimeneas coll. (Tring Museum).

This new form is surprisingly near the Himalayan A. graeca chukar, but in

the latter the rump is more greyish (though not so grey as in Cypriotes), the throat

not so brownish.

A specimen from Eregli, north of the Bulghar Dagh, in south-eastern

Asia Minor, is not so dark as the specimens from Bulgaria, Dede Agach, and

Skyros, and hardly distinguishable from Cyprus examples, but rump and upper

tail-coverts are more sandy ; of those collected by Meinertzhagen, twenty miles

east of Damascus, on a stretch of dark soil in the desert, one is like true Cypriotes,

two others more like the Eregli one, on the rump and upper tail-coverts.

Those collected by Meinertzhagen in the Judaean HiUs, near Jericho, are

quite pale like Sinai ones, A. g. sinaica. Two from Engeddi are also very pale,

but not quite so light- coloured as the latter. About these birds see Meinertzhagen,

Ibis, 1922, -pp. 09, 70. As the author said, the two Engeddi birds are inter-

mediate between those from Cyprus and sinaica, but nearer sinaica than Cypriotes.

138 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXII. 1925.

TYPES OF BIRDS IN THE TRING MUSEUM.

By ERNST HARTERT, Ph.D.

B. Types in the General Collection.'

IlfDICATOBIDAE.

1303. Indicator minor senegalensis Neum. = Indicator minor senegalensis.

Indicator minor senegalensis Neumann, Bull. B.O. Club, xxi, p. 43 (1908 — " Scncgambia ").

T3^e : ^ .ad., Thies, Senegal Colony, 9. v. 1907. F. W. Riggenbach coll.

No. 662.

This subspecies is very much like /. minor minor from South Africa, but

the crown of the head and breast are paler. C. H. B. Grant, in his otherwise

excellent review of the forms of /. minor. Ibis, 1915, pp. 431-434, overlooked the

existence of /. m. senegalensis, and his /. minor alexanderi is probably the same.

CAPITONIDAE.

1301. Lybius bidentatus aethiops Neum. = Lybius bidentatus aethiops.

Lylius bidentatus aethiops Neumann, Bull. B.O. Club, xxiii, p. 29 (December 1908 — " Shoa, South

Ethiopian Lakes, and Omo Region").

Tj'pe : (J ad., Uba, Omo Region, 25. i. 1901. Oscar Neumann Coll.

Comparing our series from southern Ethiopia, collected bj' Neumann,

Kovacz, and Trofimofi, with a series from Uganda, Unyoro, Kavirondo, S.E.

Elgon, and other places in East Africa, collected by Seth-Smith, Grauer, Neumann,

and van Someren, it is obvious that the former have as a rule smaller bills and

shorter wings, which range only up to 105, but are usually shorter, while the latter

have larger bills and wings not under 105, and rarely up to 111 mm. The larger

form is of coiu'se L. b. aequaforialis. The birds collected by Dr. Christy at Meridi,

Baginzi, and Yambio (South Bahr-el-Ghazal), with wings 95-105 mm. [Ibis, 1919,

p. 635), must belong to L. b. aethiops. Sclater and Praed (I.e.) say that " There

appears to be a good deal of variation " and that " There is hardly any ground

for recognizing " aethiops ; van Someren (Nov. Zool. 1922, p. 55) says that

aethiops "is on the whole smaller, but quite a number of Uganda birds are as

small, while the size of the Ethiopian bird.s is constantly the same " ; this latter

statement is not quite correct, but the size of aethiops is usually less.

1305. Lybius vieilloti buchanani Hart. = Lybius vieilloti buchanani,

Lybius vieilloti buchanani Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1924, p. 23 (Air).

Type : ^ ad., Tebeig, Aitr, 26.vii. 1922. No. 170 Buchanan coll.

' Continued from NoviTATES ZooLoGicAE, 1924, p. 134. For former instalments see Notitates

ZooLOGicAE, 1919, pp. 4-63; 1919, pp. 124-178 ; 1920, pp. 425-505 ; 1922, pp. 365-412 ; and 1924,

pp. 112-134.

NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXII. 1925. 139

f 1306. Lybius undatus senafensis Neum. = Lyhim undatus thiogaster.

Lybius thior/aster Neumann, Orn. ilonatsher. 1903, p. 59 (" Bogosland, Keren, nordliches Abyssinien ")

Lybms undatus senafensis Neumann, Bull. B.O. Club, xxiii, p. 29 (December 1908 — " Region south

of the Bog03 country : Upper Mareb River in North Tigre ").

Type : ^ ad., Senafe Pass, 7,500 feet, 28.xii.1902. G. Schrader coll.

I cannot separate the form from the Mareb River from that of Bogosland

(Keren), but I believe that the so-called senafensis are males of thiogaster, the

latter being mostly females. Neumann says that the Ali-Beret specimens in

the Tring Museum are his senafensis, but if the two forms were different one

would be most typical thiogaster, the other senafensis. On the other hand it

was of coiu'se perfectly correct to separate the North Abyssinian form, thiogaster,

from undatus, of which, strangely enough, it used to be considered the female or

juv. The fact is, as already shown by Neumann, that the sexes are practically

inseparable, and I may add the young birds lack the red on the forehead, as shown

by young and moulting specimens in the Tring Museum, where there is now a

fine series from southern Abyssinia and Shoa, collected by Kovacz, Trofimoff,

and Neumann.

t 1307. Lybius undatus gardullensis Neum. = Lyhius undatus undatus.

Lyhius undatus gardullensis Neumarm, Bull. B.O. Cluh, xiv, p. 16 (October 1903 — " South Ethiopia :

Lake Chain and Omo System ").

Type : $ ad., Gardulla, west of Lake Gandjule, 15. i. 1901. Oscar Neumann

coll. No. 601.

Our series of 28 specimens shows, in my opinion, clearly that the supposed

differences of gardullensis are individual, not geographical.

1308. Tricholaema hirsutum angolense Neum. ? = Tricholaema hirsutum

angolense.

Tricholaema hirsutum angolense Neumann, Bull. B.O. Cluh, sxi, p. 47 (1908 — North Angola).

Type : $ Golungo Alto, North Angola, 15.i. 1904. W. J. Ansorge coll.

No. 523.

We have seven specimens from North Angola, 2 (J, 5 $. All have the bills

blackish brown, not black, and the sharp tooth of the old birds on the upper

bill is not well developed, and I believe that not one of them is fully adult, so that

Reichenow's question (Journ. f. Orn. 1918, p. 71), if these brown birds could not

be the young of flavipundaturn, is not quite so unfounded as Bannerman thinks —

that is to say, if we substitute hirsutum by flavipunctatum, as Reichenow could

not have meant (what he wrote) that they were hirsutum, i.e. the Gold Coast

form ! We have two $ Gabun specimens, which seem to me indistinguishable

from angolense. Referring once more to the difference of the sexes, I must say

that I find Ansorge's specimens, as usual, correctly sexed, also those of Bates,

while in other collections there are a few errors, though the majority also agrees

with my view.

140 NOVITATES ZOOLOQICAE XXXII. 1925.

1309. Gymnobucco bonapartei intermedius van Soin. = Gymnohucco bonapartei

intermedins.

Oymnohucco bonapartei intermedius van Someren, Bull. B.O. Club, xli, p. H {1921 — " Mabira Forest,

west to the Mpanga and Ruwenzori, and S. Ankolo ") ; Nov. Zool. 1922, p. 57 (the same).

Type: (J, Mpanga Forest, 20. ix. 1916. Collected by van Someren's well-

trained natives.

Very closely allied to G. b. cinereiceps, but smaller. The supposed difference

in the colour of the tail is not there, and it is doubtful it the " mantle and wings

are more striped," as the series of G. b. cinereiceps (12 specimens collected by

H. J. A. Turner for R. Mcinertzhagen) are all in more or less worn plumage, and

a worn example collected by Rudolf Grauer in the Mpanga Forest does not show

much " striping," in fact no more than a hirundo female. In Nov. Zool. 1922,

p. 57, G. b. intermedixts ajipears again as " subsp. nov." with exactly the same

diagnosis as in the Bulletin 1921, the author apparently having forgotten that he

had pubUshed it already.

1310. Barbatula subsulphurea ituriensis Neum. = Pogoniv.lus subsulphureus

ituriensis.

Barl'alula snhsulphurea ituriensis Neumann, Journ. f. Orn. 1907, p. 344 (Kitima on Ituri River,

twenty-one days from Fort Beni, Congo Free State).

Type: $, Kitima, 25.x. 1899. W. J. Ansorge coll. No. 489.

Described from the single specimen, but extending to Budongo, Mabira,

Kyetume in Uganda. Cf. Nov. Zool. 1922, p. 59, Rev. Zool. Afric. x, fasc. 2,

p. 107.

1311. Cyanops rubescens Baker = Cyanops asiatica rubescens.

Cyanops rubescens Baker, Nov. Zool. 1896, p. 257 (highest ranges of the eastern North C'achar Hills).

Type : Hungrum, North Cachar Hills, 9.ii. 1895. E. C. Stuart Baker coll.

This form is no doubt a distinct subspecies from the high ranges of the

Cachar Hills, and in certain places seems to intergrade ; even at Hungrum adult

females have only a trace of maroon colour on the back, and at Gunjong some

males have a small amount of the red and maroon colouring, others not.

1312. Cyanops duvauceli bomeonensis Parrot = Cijanops duvaucelii bomeonensis ?

Megalaema duvauceli bomeonensis Parrot, Abh. K. Bayer. Akad. Wiss., Klasse ii, xxiv. 1, p. 171

(1907— Borneo).

Type : ^ ad., Lawas, N. Borneo, 28. ii. 1860. John Whitehead coll. No. 619.

It seems, indeed, that Bornean specimens have usually purer-black ear-coverts

than specimens from the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra. The size of the breast

patch is somewhat variable, and not a good character for distinguishing these

subspecies.

Baker's " Cyanops duvaceli robinsoni" (Bull. B.O. Club, xxxix, p. 20, 1918,

Malay Peninsula) (instead of C. duvauceli robinsoni) seems to be an absolute synonym

of C. duvauceli duvauceli, described from Sumatra; at least I cannot see differences

between Sumatrau and Malaccan specimens. " C. d. duvaceli " of Baker must

be C. d. bomeonensis, though the distribution is not mentioned. C. d. cyanotis

is, of course, a well-differentiated form.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGIOAE XXXII. 1925. 141

1313. Trachyphonus damaiidi usambiro Ncum. = Tmchyphonus damaudi

usambiro.

Trachyphonus damaudi nsamliro Neumann, Bull. B.O. Club, sxiii, p. 30 (1908 — "Countries south

and south-west of Lake Victoria ").

Type: Usambiro, S.W. of Lake Victoria, 2.ix.l889. Emin Pasha coll.

No. 318.

1314. Trachyphonus margaritatus somalicus Zedl. = Trachyphonus margaritatm

somalicus.

Trachyphonus margaritalus somalicus Zedlitz, Orn. Monatsher. 1910, p. 57 (" N. Somaliland, Galla

lander ").

Type : Al Dubar, N. Somaliland, ii.v. 1905. G. W. Bury coll. No. 3.

This very distinct subspecies is smaller and paler, especially on the underside

than T. in. margaritatus.

1315. Capito aurantiicinctus Dalmas = Capita auratns aurantiicinctiis.

Capita aurantiicinctus Dalmas, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, xxv, p. 177 (1900 — Caura River, southern

affluent of the Orinoco).

Type : Caura River, E. Andre, 1897.

t 1316. (?) Capito auratus intermedins Berl. & Hart. = Capita auratus

aurantiicinctus.

Capito auratus intermedins Beriepsch & Hartert, Nov. Zool. ix, p. 98 (1902 — )

Type: $ ad., Nericagua, R. Orinoco, 12.iv.l892. Geo. K. and Stella

Cherrie coll. No. 12483.

It is now supposed that our intermedins is the same as Dalmas' aurantii-

cinctus, and I have accepted this view, but not without doubt ! Our ^ and $

from Nericagua on the Orinoco are not " orange clair " on abdomen and flanks,

but merely lemon yellow. Unfortunately, the two ^ and two 2 from the Cam-a,

which we received with the rest of the Dalmas collection, have the middle of the

lower abdomen cut away, but three of them show distinct traces of orange. The

tj from Nicare on the Caura mentioned Nov. Zool. 1902, p. 99, No. 336, has the

abdomen orange and not yellow. It is therefore stUl possible that there is a

form with yellow on the Orinoco and one with orange abdomen on the Caura

River, but otherwise the two forms agree perfectly.

1317. Buccanodon anchietae rex Neum. = Buccanodon ancMetae rex.

Buccanodon anchietae rex Neumann, Bull. B.O. Club, xxi, p. 47 (1908— North Angola).

Type : ^ ad,, Duque de Braganza, N. Angola, 5.viii.l903. W. J. Ansorge

coll. No. 885.

The type and three males and one female from N'Gungo in N. Bailundu,

collected by Hubert Pemberton in 1901, are quite distinct from a good series

from Caconda, Cambul, Candue River in Benguella. Besides the unstriped

black occiput, they are smaller in both sexes, the wings being about 3 to 5 mm.

shorter. Specimens from Bihe, east of the Bailundu district, have the shorter

wings of B. a. rex, but the occiput is striped, though apparently not so heavily

as in B. a. anchietae. Thej' might thus be called a third subspecies, but most of

142 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXII. 1925.

our specimens are juvemle, and I object to giving a name to such forms ; this is

another case of the many that have recently come under mj' notice, where

examples from intermediate localities are intermediate between two otherwise

well-marked subspecies, often to such an extent that single specimens might be

thought to belong to either of them. Reichenow's suggestion that " rex " is

the young anchietae is not correct ; it is true that the young have the stripes on

the nape less developed, but the type and the BaUundu specimens are perfectly

adult.

1318. Tricholaema hirsutum angolense Neum. = Trkholaema hirsutum

angolense.

Tricholaema hirsutum anrjohnse Neumann, Btdl. B.O. Club, xxi, p. 47 (1908 — " North Angola "),

Type: ?, Golungo Alto, 15. i. 1904. W. J. Ansorge coll. No. 53.

Our specimens are all alike, but none has a fully black bill, the bills of all

being more or less brown, at least on the underside, which is a sign of immaturity.

This form is very closely allied to flavipunctaium.

1319. Tricholaema hirsutum hybridum Neum. = Tricholaema hirsutum

hybridum.

Tricholaema hirsjttum hybridum Neumann, Bull. B.O. Club, xxi, p. 46 (1908 — " Southern Nigeria ").

Type : ?, Degama, Lower Niger, 3.vii.l902. W. J. Ansorge coll. No. 540.

This form is a very distinct and peculiar subspecies, but it has been badly

treated by ornithologists. The describer himself has described it far too

cursorily, for the two white stripes, one over and one imder the ear-coverts, are

only present in five of oui nine specimens, and the ear-coverts are only spotted in

eight of them, but unspotted in one ! We have, therefore, in T. h. hybridum a

form in which these white stripes are present in some, absent in other individuals,

while in the other subspecies they are either always present or always absent.

The presence of these stripes in hybridum is independent of sex and age. The

sexes of these Barbets, however, have hitherto not been fully understood. Arthur

Goodson and I have carefully gone over the material available in Tring and London,

and we have no doubt that the females and young differ from the adult males

in having the upperside somewhat more brownish, the spots more golden yellow,

while in adult males the upperside is more black, the spots lemon yellow and

often smaller ; in the Uganda T. h. ansorgii the crown is unspotted in adult

males, spotted in females and young ! The size of the yellow spots is very

variable, and not useful for distinguishing subspecies.

Bannerman {Rev. Zool. Afr. x. 2, p. 112, 1922) and W. L. Sclater {Bull. B.O.

Club, xlii, p. 02, 1922) reviewed the forms of T. hirsutum, but they quite misunder-

stood hybridum, and this led to erroneous statements in their comparisons of the

various forms. They jumped to the conclusion that three skins collected by

W. P. Lowe near Lagos were specimens of T. h. hybridum, without reading

Neumaim's description ; therefore they stated that in hybridum the crown is

uniform black, unspotted, while in the skins collected by Dr. Ansorge in the

Niger Delta, at Degama and Oguta, the crown is always spotted.

The three Lagos examples in the British specimen seem hardly diflEerent

from T. h. ansorgii of Uganda, but the female from Lagos has an unspotted

NOVITATES ZoOLOaiCAE XXXII. 1925. 143

crown, if correctly sexed. Also the Uelle specimens and ours from Luluabourg

are the same.

Since the above was written (in February 1924) Mr. Bannerman has again

studied this group and he has independently fully realised his and Mr. Sclater's

mistakes, and has now separated the Lagos birds, with wliich he associates those

from the Uelle River, as T. hirsutum chapini. A fuller paper by Mr. Bannerman

is appearing in the Revue Zoologique Africaine, reviewing the known subspecies

of T. hirsutum in detail.

KHAMFHASTIDAE.

1 1320. Ramphastos haematorhynchus Berl. & Hart. = Ramphastos monilis

■motiilis.

? ? Ramphastos tucanus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. ed. x, p. 103 (1758 — " Habitat in America meridionale."

The diagnosis is ridiculously short, and no exact habitat is given ; the name is therefore abso-

lutely doubtful. The additions in Syst. Nat, ed. xii, p. 151 (1766) do not help us, as the

quotations refer to two or tliree different Tucaus : Edwards' white-throated and Brisson's

yellow-tliToated species, as well as to Marcgrave's Brazilian Tucan).

Ramphastos monilis P. L. S. Miiller, Natursystem, Suppl. p. 83 (1776 — Cayenne. Ex Daubenton,

pi. 262. Though the number of the plate is not mentioned, there is no doubt that Miiller merely

described pi. 262 — or rather attempted to describe it ! The bill is very badly coloured, but

there is no other white-throated species with a more or less dark-red bUl, and no other is kno^vn

from Cayenne, where this species is common. Therefore, the name monilis can be accepted).

Rampliastos erythrorhynchiis Gmelin, Syst. Nat. i. 1, p. 355 (1788 — " Habitant in America australi."

Ex Edwards and Brisson ! Edwards described a specimen " preserved in Salter's Coilee-House,

in Chelsea, near London," locality not known. Brisson described a specimen sent to Reaumur

from Cayenne, by M. des Essars. While there is no doubt about Reaumur's bird, the figure of

Edwards loolcs at first glance very much like the form with hght-red beak from British Guiana,

but the blackish mottling sho\vn on the red of the bill and the description, " the red, both on the

upper and under chap, is clouded more or less in different parts nith black," do not allow us to

accept his bird to be the bird with unspotted Ught-red sides of the bill from British Guiana.

Gmelin's name erythrorhynchiis must, therefore, be referred to the dark-billed birds from

Cayenne, Surinam, N.E. Brazil, and the Caura basin).

Ramphastos haematorhynchus Berlepsch & Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1902, p. 99 (" Hab. in regione,

fluminis Caura diet., affluentis fl. Orinoco diet.").

Type : ^ ad., La Pricion, Caura River, 16. ii. 1901 (not 1902). E. Andre coll.

It is strange that the birds with clear or light orange-red bills, only known

from British Guiana (Bartica Grove, River Carimang, Roraima, Essequibo River)

have continually been united with the dark-bDled ones from N.E. Brazil,

Surinam, Cayenne, and the Caura River, which, as I hope to have proved, may

be called R. monilis monilis. Berlepsch and I have clearly shown the differences

of the two forms, but we thought we could apply the name erythrorhynchiis

to the former, and we rejected the name monilis, therefore naming the dark-

billed form haematorhynchus. As this was wrong, no name is available for the

bird with fire- or orange-red bill from British Guiana, and I therefore name it

1321. Ramphastos monilis aurantiirostris subsp. nov.

Type : Ad., Essequibo River, British Guiana. R. Teimant coll.

Ramphastos subspeciei R. vionilis monilis dictae simillimus, sed rostri

lateribus aurantio-rubris vel igneis unicoloribus, nee obscure sanguineis variegatis.

Habitat in Guiana Britamiica.

144 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXII. 1925.

The culmen and wide basal band of the upper mandible are pale yellow ;

a narrow basal line, a wider one dividing the pale basal band from the red

sides, the cutting edges of both mandibles, and the tip of the lower, except

the utmost end, which is like the culmen, are black ; the basal band of the lower

mandible is whitish grey or mauve.

Two other subspecies of R. 7HoniUs are B. manilis cuvieri and B. inonilis inca.

BnccoifiDAi:.

1322. Bucco maculatus parvii'ostris Hellm. = Bucco maculatus parvirostris.

Bucco macidalus pan-iroslris Hellmayr, Xov. Zool. 1908, p. 86 (Rio Araguaya, Goyaz, Brazil).

Type : (J ad., Rio Araguaya, 550 m., June 1906. G. A. Baer coll. No. 2226.

1323. Nonnula sclateri Hellm. = Nonnula sclateri.

Nonnula sdaleri HellmajT, Bull. B.O. Club, xix, p. 55 (1907 — Humaytha on the left bank of the

Rio Madeira).

Type and unique specimen: $, Humaytha, 16. viii. 1900. W. Hoffmann

coll. No. 1093.

PICI.

1324. lynx pulcliricollis Hartl. = Jynx ruficolUs pulchricoUis.

lynx pulchricolUs Hartlaub, Ibis, 1884, p. 28, pi. iii (one pair Babira, east of the Balir-el-Djebel).

Type: ^ ad,, Babira, 17. xi. 1882. Emin Pasha coll. No. 399.

This rare Wryneck does not seem to have been redi.scovered yet. The

peculiar rufescent colour of the upperside is not shown in the plate. Jijnx ruficollis

thorbecki Rchw. , from Kamerun, is a very closely allied form ; the supposed larger

bill and redder upperside are not characteristic for this form, but the underside

is slightly more buff, and the red throat-spot less elongate.

1325. lynx torquilla mauretanica Rothsch. = Jynx torquUla mauretanica.

lynx lorquilla mauretanica Rothschild, Bull. B.O. Club, xxiii, p. 103 (N. Algeria).

Type: (J ad., Hammam Meskoutine, N. Algeria, 17. v. 1909. Rothschild

Hartert and Hilgert coll. No. 542.

1320. Sasia abnonnis magnirostris Hart. = Sasia abnormis magnirosiris.

Sasia abnormis magnirostris Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1901, p. 51 (Nias Island, west of Sumatra).

Type: $ ad., Madjajan, Nias, August 1897. Raap coll. No. 344.

1327. Ficumnus olivaceus harterti Hellm. = Pkumnus olivaceus harlerli.

Picumnus olivaceus harterti Hellmayr, Bidl. Brit. Orn. Club, xxiii, p. G7 (1909 — I'aramba, X.

Ecuador).

Type: ^ ad., Paramba, 3,500 feet, 22. xi. 1899. G. Flemming coll.

No. 650.

No¥ITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXII. 1925. 145

1328. Picumnus innommatus malayorum Hart. = Picunmus innominatus

malayorum.

Picumnus innominatus malayorum Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, p. 937 (February 1912 — Malay Peninaula

and N. Borneo).

Type : " (J" Gunong Ijau, Perak, Malay Peninsula, 4,000 feet, April 1898.

A. L. Butler coU.

1329. Picumnus cirratus tucumanus Hart. = Picumnus cirratus tucumanus. 5

Picnnmuscirmtus tucumanus Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1909, p. 229 (Tucuman).

Type: (J ad., Rio Colorado, Tucuman, Argentina, 29. vi. 1902. L. Dinelli

coll.

The author's name is not " Hartert and Venturi," but merely Hartert,

as explained in the same article, p. 160. Cory, Cat. B. America, part ii, p. 503,

places the name tucumanus as a synonym of pilco7nayensis, presuming that

Hellmayr, Verh. Orn. Oes. Bayern, xii, p. 156, had said it was the same, but

Cory did not read what he wrote or did not understand it, or he could not

have made this mistake, as HellmajT clearly confirmed the differences of the

two forms. As Temminck spelt the name cirratus we ought to follow him.

1330. Thriponax javensis confusus Stres. = Dryocopus javensis conjusv^.

Thriponax javensis confusus Stre.iemann, Nov. Zool. 1913, p. 318 {Luzon, Philippines).

Type: ^ ad., Mt. Arayat, Central Luzon, 21. xii. 1893. John Whitehead

coll. No. 69.

t 1331. Thriponax kalinowskii Tacz. = Diyocojnis richardsi.

Dryocopus richardsi Ti'istram, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1879, p. 386, pi. xxxi, $ (Island of Tsu-

shima near Corea).

Thriponax kalinowskii Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1887, p. 607 (Corea).

Type : c? ad., Corea. Kalinowski coll. No. 962.

Bought from Gerrard & Son, London, who had it with other rare birds

from the Branicki Museum in Warsaw. Details on original labels in Chinese

letters, marked by Taczanowski " Thriponax kalinowskii Tacz. typ. descriptionis."

The Museum label is also marked " tjT)us," apparently by Stolzmann.

1332. Miilleripicus pulverulentus harterti Hesse = Mullerlpicus pulverulentus

harterti.

Miilleripicus pulverulentus harterti Hesse, Orn. Monaisher. 1911, p. 182 ("Assam, Eirma bis Tenas-

serim ").

Type: (J (and $) Pya, Upper Cliindwin, 20.iii.l904. A. Mearns coll.

Cf. also Mitteil. Zool. Mus. Berlin, vi, p. 231.

Baker, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, xxviii. i, p. 135, adds to the distribution

" Malay States, etc.," but this is incorrect, the birds inhabiting the " Malay

States, "etc."," i.e. Sumatra, Java, Borneo, being M. pulverulentus pulverulentus,

which is darker.

(Miilleripicus Bp. seems to be the oldest generic name of this striking genus.

The reason why the Hand-list of Birds [ii, p. 230] did not adopt it is rather amusing,

Sharjie saying that Miilleripicus was no doubt the correct name, but " I decline

146 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXII. 1925.

to use any of Bonaparte's nonsense -names, such as Blythipicus, Lichtensteinipicus,

Graydidascuhis, etc." Much as we may dislike these and similar names, we can

of course not reject them. What would Sharpe have said of many of Mathews'

generic names, such as Carteroriiis, Dulciornis, Ethelornis, Leggeornis, Leivinornis,

Morganornis, Northipsitta, Oivenavis, Ramsayornis, Rogersornis, Whiteornis, etc.,

and some of his specific or subspecific names, such as ivestralis, westralensis,

westraliensis, westralasianns, etc. ?)

1333. Celeus elegans leotaudi Hellm. = Celens elegans Uotaudi.

CeUns elegans leotandi Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. 1906, p. 39 (Trinidad).

Type : $, Valencia, Trinidad, 2C.iii.l903. E. Andre coll. (per Bodington).

1334. Celeus flavescens intercedens Hellm. = Celeus flavescens intercedens.

Celeus flavescens intercejens Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. 1908 p. 82 (central eastern Brazil).

Type : ^J, Fazenda Esperanga, State of Goyaz, Brazil, 700 m., December

1905. G. Baer coll. No. 1656.

1335. Tiga javanensis exsul Hart. = Dinopium javanense exsul.

Tiga javanensis exsul Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1901, p. 51 (Bali),

Type: <J, Bali, March 1896. William Doherty coll.

1336. Colaptes ferrugineus Brehm = Micropternus brachyurus brachyurus.

Colaptes ferrugineus Brelim, Allg. D. Naiurh. Zeitung, 1856, p. 464 (Java).

Type : 5, Java. Brehm collection ! This type was overlooked by me iu

the list of Brehm's tj'pes. This synonym is not quoted in the Cat. B. Brit. Mvs.

xviii. p. 396.

1337. Mesopicos xantholophus cMoroticus Som. = Mesopkos xantholophus

chloroticiis.

Mesopicos xantholophm cliloroticus van Someren, Bull. B.O. Cluh, xli, p. lOo (1921 — " Uganda from

Elgon and Nandi west of N. Tanganyika ").

Type: ^ ad., Lugalambo, 5.xi.l9I5. V. G. L. van Someren coll. (In

the original description it should of course have been to N. Tanganyika. Cf.

Nov. Zool. 1922, p. 67.)

This form is hardly distinguishable from M. x. xantholophus. but the wings

are longer on an average, and many specimens are less yellowish, more greenish.

1338. Veniliomis kii'kii continentalis Hellm. = Veniliornis hirkii

continentalis.

Veniliornis kirkii continentalis Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xii, p. 39 (1906 — N. Venezuela: Caripe in

Cumana, San Esteban near Puerto Caballo).

Tjrpe : $, Caripe, January 1894. A. Mocquerys coll.

1339. lyngipicus obsoletus ingens Hart. = Dryobates obsoletus ingens.

lyngipicus obsoletus ingens Hartert, Nov. Zool, 1900, p. 33 (Nairobi).

Type : (J ad., Nairobi, East Africa, 29. i. 1899. W. J. Ansorge coll. No. 49.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGIOAE XXXII. 1925. 147

13-10. Jyngipicus obsoletus nigricans Neum. = Dryobates obsoletiis nigricans.

Jydijipiciis obsoletus nigricans Xeumann, Journ. f. Orn. 1904, p. 402 (Uma River in Konto, Omo

system, and Longomeri in the equatorial province).

Type: ^ ad., Uma River, 28. ii. 1901. Oscar Neumann coll. No. 952.

1341. Jyngipicus obsoletus heuglini Neum. = Dryobates obsoletus heugliiii.

Jyngipicus obsoletus heuglini Neumann, Journ. f. Orn. 1904, p. 402 (Erythrea and Bogos).

Type: c? ^flj Ghadi-Saati on the Mareb River, Erythrea, 13.ii.l903.

G. Schrader coll.

More material is desirable to confirm the two forms described by Neumann,

but they are perfectly recognisable from the skins at present available. Cf. Ibis,

1919, p. 631, Nov. ZooL. 1922, p. 69.

1342. Dryobates obscurior Rothsch. = Dryobates obscurior.

Drijohates obscurior Rothschild, Bull. B.O, Cluh, xliii, p. 10 (1922 — Licliiang Range, N.W. Yunnan,

China).

Type; $, Lichiang Range, 9,000-11,000 feet, pine and mixed forest, May

1921. George Forrest coll. No. 1262.

This peculiar bird is only known from the type-specimen. It is very peculiar,

the crown to the base of the upper bill nearly black, underside heavily striped.

I am not sure about its relationship.

1343. lyngipicus scintilliceps swinhoei Hart. = Dryobates semicoronatus

swinhoei.

lyngipicus scintilliceps swinhoei Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1910, p. 221 (Hainan),

TjTpe : ^J ad., No-tai, Hainan, 29. ix. 1902. Katsumata coll. No. 61.

1344. Dryobates minor butui'lini Hart. = Dryobates minor buturlini.

Dryobates minor buturlini Hartert, Voj. pal. Fauna, p. 921 (1912 — Italy).

Type: ^ ad., CoUe di Valdenza, Italy, 4.1.1907. Squilloni coU.

About the similarity and differences of D. ni. ledouci from N. Algeria, see

Nov. Zool. 1923, p. 87.

1345. Dendrocopus minor comminutus Hart. = Dryobates minor

comminutus.

Dendrocopus minor comminutus Hartert, British Birds, i, p. 221 (1907 — Great Britain).

Type: <J ad., Wingrave, Bucks, 22. iv. 1902. Ernst Hartert coll.

1346. Dendrocopus major anglicus Hart. = Dryobates major anglicus.

Dendrocopus major anglicus Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1900, p. .528 (England).

Tjrpe : cj ad., Horsham in Sussex, 2.1.1895. Bought from Brazcnor Bros,

in Brighton.

1347. Dendrocopus major parroti Hart. = Dryobates major parroti.

Dendrocopus major parroti Hartert, Orn. Monatsber. 1911, p. 191 (Corsica).

Type: cJ ad., " Erisa," Corsica, l.iv.l883. John Whitehead coll.

11

148 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXII. 1925.

1348. Dryobates medius anatoliae Hart. = Dryobates medius anatoliae.

Dnjohalea meflius analoliae Hartert, Vdg. pal. Fauna, p. 924 (1912 — Asia Minor).

Type: $ ad., Xanthus, Asia Minor, 3.iv.l874. C. Fellowes leg. (ex Coll.

Elwes).

1349. Dryobates hyperythrus marshalli Hart. = Dryobates hyperythrus

marshalli.

Dryobates hyperythrus marshalli Hartert, Viig. pal. Fauna, p. 926 (1912 — N.W. Him.alaya, from

northernmost Kashmir to Nainital and Almora).

Type : ^ ad., Murree, Col. C. H. T. Marshall coll.

1350. Dendromus permistus kaffensis Neum. = Campethera permistus

iMJjcnsis.

Dendromus permistus kujjensis Neumann, Om. MonaUher. 1902, p. 9 (Konta, S. province of Kaffa,

Abyssinia).

Type: $ ad., Dalba, Konta, Kaffa, 27. ii. 1901. Oscar Neumann coll.

No. 944 (not 144).

This appears to be still the only known specimen of this subspecies ! Cf.

Journ. f. Orn., 1904, pp. 392, 393.

1351. Campothera taeniolaema barakae Som. = Campethera taeniolaema

harakae.

Campothera taeniolaema barakae van Someren, Bull. B.O. Club, xl, p. 96 (1920 — Baraka, N.W.

Tanganyika).

Type: ? ad., forest N.W. of Baraka, 2,000 m., 17. ii. 1908. Rud. Grauer

coll. No. 3836.

This form is distinct from C. t. taeniolaemn by the sharply pronounced

barring of the underside, and especially the throat and sides of the head. Tliough

the form appears to be quite distinct, I cannot agree with the description ; the

black of the crown is not more extended, the white spots on the crown are not

smaller, the red nuchal band not narrower, the markings on the quills do not

differ ! Nor can I endorse the distribution given Nov. Zool. 1922, p. 65, as only

the four Baraka specimens agree with the type, but not the one from the Mpanga

Forest in Toru, Uganda. I am very doubtful if C. t. hausburgi is separable,

anyhow the differences stated by van Someren do not hold good.

1352. Campothera caroli budongoensis iSom. = Campethera caroli budon-

yoensis.

Campothera caroli budongoensis van Someren, Bull. B.O. Club, xU, p. 105 (1921 — " Belgian Congo,

east to Uganda as far east as the Mabira Forest and Elgon ").

Type: $ ad., Bugoma Forest, 20.x. 1913. V. G. L. van Someren coll.

1353. Dendromus abingoni amiectens Neum. = Campethera abingoni

ahnecleitts.

Dendromus abingoni annectens Neumann, Bvll. B.O. Club, xxi, p. 95 (1908 — " From North Benguella

and Angola to Lake Nyansa ").

Type : $ ad., Sambo, Benguella, 24. ix. 1904. W. J. Ansorge coll. No. 93.

NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXII. 1925. 149

1354. Campethera loveridgei Hart. = Campelhera cailUautU loveridgei.

Campethera loveridgei Hartert, Bull. B.O. Club, xl, p. 139 (1920 — ^"Morogoro, west of Dar-es-

Salaam").

Type: $ ad., Morogoro, 20. viii. 1917. Arthur Loveridge coll. No. 4910.

When I described thi.s form I quite mi.s,sed its real affinity ! In spite of the

similarity in colour with that of C. nubica, it has nothing to do with the latter,

but is a subspecies of C. caiHiaidii, i.e. the O. malherhei of Reichenow's Vog. Afr.

ii, p. 172. In fact, it only differs from C. c. caillimdii, with the designated type

locahty Mombasa (C. H. B. Grant, Ibis, 191.5, p. 455) in being slightly more

greenish above and below, and in having the round breast spots larger. This

bird cannot be C. c. fiilleborni Neum., wliich we have from the N.W. shores of

Tanganyika, Baraka, and as far as 340 km. west of Baraka (Riid. Grauer coll.),

as in the latter the spots merge, more or less, into transverse bars, in some

specimens only on the flanks, while some are perfectly barred, except on the throat.

The light spots on the upperside are generally smaller, and in one female quite

obsolete, so that it looks quite uniform. These specimens were mistaken by van

Someren (Nov. Zool. 1922, p. 641), for nyansae of Neumann, and the distribution

of that form (No. 382 of Someren's list) must be restricted to " south of Lake

Victoria, north-west to Kagua and Kasaka in Uganda," wliile the specimens

from the Kivu and Tanganyika region a,rG fiilleborni, wliich has been well described

by Neumann, and probably also those from N.E. Rhodesia, unless they are

loveridgei. Of C. c. loveridgei I have in Tring seen two collected by Loveridge, and

one from Dodoma, in the same region farther west. Of C. c. nyansae, described

with a striated throat, we have only a young bird from Lake Urigi in Karagwe

(Bukoba) ; also collected by Grauer.

1355. CMoronerpes litae Rothsch. = CMoronerpes leucolaemus litae.

Chloronerpes litae Rothschild, Bull. B.O. Club, xi, p. 70 (1901— Lita, N. Ecuador, 3,000 feet).

Type: ^ ad., Lita, 12. ix. 1899. R. Miketta coll. No. 109.

1356. Gecinus puniceus observandus Hart. = Picus [Brachylophus) puniceua

observandus.

Oecinus punicetis observandus Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1896, p. 542 (Malacca, Borneo, Sumatra).

Type: Deli, Sumatra, 22.1.1888. Ernst Hartert coll. No. 191.

1357. Gecinus rodgeri Hart. & Butl. = Picus (Brachylophus) chlorolophus

rodgeri,

Oecinus rodgeri Hartert & Butler, Nov. Zool. 1898, p. 508 (Perak, Malay Peninsula).

Type : ^ ad., Gunong Ijau (meaning the Green Mountain), Perak, Malay

Peninsula, 4,000 feet, March 1898. A. L. Butler Coll.

Differs at a glance from B. c. chlorolophus in its darker coloration, especially

the abdomen, as well as the upperside, and also larger size.

150 NOVITATES ZOOLOCICAE XXXII. 1925.

1358. Gecinus chlorigaster longipennis Hart. = Picus (Brachylophus)

longipennis.

Gecinus chlorigaster longipennis Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1910, p. 222 (Hainan).

Type: g ad., Mt. Wuchi, Central Hainan, 15. xi. 1900. Katsumata (Alan

Owston's collector) coll. No. B 211.

In the original description compared with chlorigaster, because of the almost

entirely red crown, but much nearer to G. c. rodgeri, from which it chieflj' differs

in the absence of the red moustacliial lino, less amount of red on crown (which

varies), less golden, more lemon-j^ellow nuchal crest, less brownish underside

and longer wing. G. c. chlorigaster is very much smaller, the male has a red

crown, the female a much more determined and larger hind-crown, though Baker

is apparently right in treating it also as a subspecies of chlorolophus.

1359. Brachylophus chlorolophus vanheysti Rob. & Kloss = Picus {Brachy-

lophiis) chlorolophus vanheysti.

Brachylophus chlorolophus vanheysti Robinson & Kloss, Journ. Straits Branch H. Asiat. Soc.

No. 80, p. 97 (1919— Deli and Padang Highlands in Sumatra).

Type; (J ad., Bandar Baroe, Deli, Sumatra, 12. iv. 1917. A. C. F. A.

van Heyst coll. No. 254.

This subspecies is, as described, intermediate between P. (B.) chlorolopMis

chlorolophus and rodgeri, but easily distinguishable from both.

1 1360. Picus viridis pluvius Hart. = Picus viridis virescens.

Picus liridis pluvius Hartert, Bril. Binlfs, \, p. 125 (1911 — England).

Type: ^ ad., Ninfield in Sussex, 28. iv. 1903. Ruskin Butterfield coll.

It seems to be impossible to seiJarate the British race from the Continental

virescens. About measurements and the name virescens contra pinetoruvi see

Vog. pal. Fauna, p. 2183.

1361. Picus viridis pronus Hart. = Picus viridis pronus.

Picns viridis pronus Hartert, Brit. Birds, v, p. 125 (1911 — Italy).

Type: (J ad., Firenzola near Florence, 20. i. 1902. Exchanged from the

Florence Museum.

1362. Picus vittatus limitans Stres. = Picus vittatus limitans.

Picus vittatus limitans Stresemann, Archiv J. Nalurg. Ixxxvii, Heft 7, p. 74 (1921 — " Kangean,

ansoheinend auch Bali ").

Type: (J, E. Kangean, September. Ernst Prillwitz leg. No, 187.

(Only differs in size, being distinctly larger than specimens from the Malay

Peninsula, Sumatra, and Java, though one skin from the latter island surpasses

the Kangean examples ! As ten Kangean specimens were measured, this form

may be recognised, but it is objectionable to name forms that differ sliglitly in

size onlj', if not more than a few specimens have been measured !)

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXII. 1925. 151

TROeONES.

1363. Harpactes whiteheadi Sharpe = Harpactes wMteheadi.

Harpactes whiteheadi Sharpe, Ibis, 1888, p. 395, pi. xii (Kina Balu, Borneo).

Type: ^ ad., Kina Balu, 3,000 feet, 2.iv.l888. John Whitehead leg.

No. 2373.

KUSOFHAGISAE.

1364. Gymnoschizorhis personata centralis Neum. = Gymnoschizorhis

personala centralis.

Gymnoschizorhis personala centralis Neumann, Bull. B.O. Oluh, xsi, p. 94 (1908 — " Countries between

Lake Victoria and Lakes Kivu and Albert Edward ").

Type: ^ ad., Kitengule, Kagera Rivor, 25. v. 1907. Rud. Grauer leg.

No. 251.

This is quite a distinct subspecies, though it is rather too strongly expressed,

if it is said that the crest of O. personata leopoldi is " dirty white " ! In

fact, it is jmler, more brownish, not so blackish but always brown.

1365. Ruwenzoromis johnstoni kivuensis Neum. = Rmvenzorumis johnstoni

kivuensis.

Ruwenzoromis johnstoni kivuensis Neumann, Bull. B.O. Club, xxi, p. 54 (1908 — "Western Kivu

Volcanoes ").

'^yP^ '■ c? f-^M shot in primeval forest, 2,400 m. high, in tlie " Vorberge "

of the Western Kivu Volcanoes, 27.viii. 1907, by Rudolf Grauer. No. 1122.

(The description of R. j. kivuensis appeared actually February 29. In

the March number of the Orn. Monatsherichte, Reichenow described the same

form as Ruwenzoromis chalcophthahnicus from the Rugege (Lugege) forest.

This number of the Monatsberichte appeared in March, but certainly not before

March 1, and even then kivuensis had one day's priority !

Writers with furor genericus would create a " new genus " for this

subspecies, but we hope that ornithology will be spared this folly.

CUCULIDAE.

1366. Phoenicophaes curvirostris deningeri Stres. = Phoenicophans curvirostris

deningeri.

Phoenicophaes curvirostris deningeri Stresemann, Nov. Zool. xx, p. 347 (1913 — Bali).

Type: (J ad., Tegal, Bali, 1,500 feet, 4.iii.l911. Erwin Stresemann coll.

No. 310.

1367. Phoenicophaus calorhynchus rufiloris Hart. = Phoenicophaus mlo-

rliynchus rufiloris.

Phoenicophaus calorhynchus rufiloris Hartert, Nov. Zool. x, p. 24 (1903 — Buton, S.E. of Celebes).

Tjrpe : (J ad., S.W. side of Buton, 25. xi. 1901. Heinrich Kiihn coll.

No. 4163.

Only the original pair of this distinct form is known to exist in collections.

152 NOVTTATES ZooLoaiCAE XXXII. 1925.

1368. Rhopodytes tristis hainanus Hart. = Ehopodytes tristis hainanus.

Rhopodytes tristis haiTiami-s Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1910, p. 218 (Hainan).

Type: ^ ad., No Tai, Hainan, 26. ix. 1902. Katsumata leg.

1369. Piaya cayana insulana Hellm. = Piaya cayana insulana.

Piaya cayana insulana Hellmayr, yov. Zool. xiii, p. 43 (1906 — Trinidad).

Type : ^ ad., Chaguaramas, Trinidad, 11. i. 1903. E. Andre coll.

1370. Centropus sinensis parroti Stres. = Centrojnt^ sinensis parroti.

Centropus sinensis parroti 8tresemann, Nor. Zool. xx, p. 323 (1913 — " Ceylon und Vorderindien,

nach Norden zu begrenzt durch das Gangestal und die Grosse Indische Wiiste."

Type : ad,, Ceylon. E. Ernest Green Coll.

1371. Centropus sinensis anonymus Stres. = Centropus sinensis anonymus.

Centropus sinensis anonymus Stresemann, Nov. Zool. xx, p. 323 (1913 — " Ta\vi-tawi, Jol6-SuIu").

Type : $ ad., Tawi-tawi Island, July 1893. Alfred Everett coll.

1372. Centropus bengalensis sarasinorum Stres. = Centropus bengalensis

sarasinorum.

Centropus bengalensis sarasinorum Stresemann, Nov. Zool. xix, p. 338 (1912 — " Lombok, Sumbawa,

Sumba, Savu, Floras, Djampea, Kalao, Kalidupa, Celebes, Siao, Sangir, Talaut ; Pantar, Alor,

Wetter, Kisser, Roma, Letti, Moa, Timor ").

Type : ? ad., Kalidupa Island, 4.1.1902. Heinrich Kiihn coll. No. 4494.

1373. Centropus grilli eaeruleiceps Neum. = Centropus grillii caeruleiceps ?

Centropus grilli caeruleiceps Neumann, Journ. f. Om. 1904, p. 380 ("Am Gandjnle-See, Smith's

Abaya-See ").

Type: " ?," Lake Abaya, 18. v. 1895. Dr. A. Donaldson Smith coll.

No. 626.

This specimen is much less blackish- brown on the upperside (back, scapulars,

inner secondaries) than all our specimens from S. Angola, TanganyUca, Kivu,

and one from the Bahr-el-Zeraf (A. L. Butler coll.) ; the bill is perhaps a little more

elongated. I do not thinli that the blue gloss of the head is a distinguisliing

character at all, as the coloiu of the head varies even in Benguellan specimens,

but the colour of the back is much less blacldsh. More material is required to

confirm caeruleiceps as a recognisable subspecies. Possibly the type of caerulei-

ceps is an unusual coloration of (jrillii. Cf. Ibis, 1915, pp. 419, 420, Rev. Zool.

Afr., X. 2, p. 129, Syst. Av. Eihiop., p. 184 — all based merely on comparison of

the only specimen of " caeruleiceps."

1374. Centropus monachus occidentalis Neum. = Centroptis monachus

occidentalis.

Centropus monachus occidentalis Neumann, Bull. B.O. Club, xxi, p. 77 (1908 — " West Africa from

the Gold Coast to the Gaboon ").

Type: (J, Ombrokua (Ugomo), Ogowe River, 26.viii.1907. W. J. Ansorge

coll. No. 717,

NOVITATES ZooLoaicAE XXXII. 1925. 153

1375. Centropus monachus angolensis Neum. = Centropus monachvs ango-

lensis ?

Centropus monachus angolensis Neumann, Bull. B.O. Club, xxi, p. 77 (1908 — "North Angola").

Type: (J, Canhoca, N. Angola, 17.xii.l903. W. J. An,sorge coll. No. 1476.

Our three specimens differ from G. m. occidentalis in having the upper tail-

coverts barred with buff. The other alleged differences are in my opinion of

no importance whatever ; but we have also two specimens from East Africa

with barred upper tail-coverts ! This form therefore requires confirmation !

(Cf. Bannerman in Rev. Zool. Afric, x. 2, pp. 130, 131 ; Sclater, Syst. Av. Ethiop.

i, p. 184.)

1376. Centropus albidiventris Rothsch. = Centropus milo albidiventris.

Centropus albidiventris Rothschild, Bull. B.O. Club, xiv, p. 59 (1904 — Gizo).

Type: cJ ad., Gizo (near Kulambangra), Solomon Islands, 3.xi.l903.

Albert S. Meek coll. No. A 739.

This wonderful Centropus differs from C. milo milo of Guadalcanar in having

the whole underside of a rich cream-colour, while in milo abdomen and thighs

are black ; on the upperside too, the cream colour extends to the tail, while in

milo the lower back is black. In the young the tail bars are wider, but this is

of little importance as they vary much in width. The shape of bUl and dimensions

are quite similar in both forms. C. m. albidiventris is now known from Gizo,

Kulambangra, VeUa LaveUa, and Rendova Islands in the central group of the

Solomon Islands.

1377. Centropus superciliosus intemiedius van Som. = Centropus super-

ciliosus intermedius 1

Centropus superciliosus intermedius van Someren, Bull. B.O. Club, xli, p. 125 (1921 — -"Mombasa").

Type: cj *<!•> Changamwe close to Mombasa, 12. iv. 1919. Van Someren

coll.

The East African form does not always differ from South Arabian specimens

in being " darker above and smaller." It therefore requires confirmation.

1378. Eudynamis orientalis alberti R. & H. = Eudynamis scolopacea alberti.

Eudynamis orientalis alberti Rothschild &, Hartert, Nov. Zool, xiv, p. 440 (1907 — Solomon Islands).

Type: ^ ad., Gizo, Solomon Islands, 31.x. 1903. Albert S. Meek coll.

No. A 696.

About the earliest name, scolopacea, of this species, see Auk, 1919, p. 569.

For review of the genus, Nov. Zool. 1903, pp. 235-238.

1379. Eudynamis orientalis salvadorii Hart. = Eudynamis scolopacea salvadorii.

Eudynamis orientalis salvadorii Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1900, p. 232 (" New Britain and New Ireland ").

TsTJe : ^ ad., " New Ireland." Collected by some missionary or Mr. Curtis.

Cf. Nov. Zool. 1903, p. 238, 1914, p. 211.

We have (J$ said to have been collected on New Ireland by a Mr. Curtis,

or by some missionary — in any case without indication of the exact place and

without date and label. Besides these we have a female collected on New Britain

154 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXII. 1925.

by Th. KJeinschmidt, and anotlier female which we beheve to belong to this

subspecies, from Rook Island. If the latter is salvadorii, this form must extend

over New Ireland, though in a recent collection made in S.W. New Ireland by

A. Eichhorn, Eudynamis was not represented. In Reichenow's list of the birds

of these groups only New Britain and Duke of York Islands are mentioned.

1380. Eudynamis cyanocephala everetti H<art. = Eudynamis scolopacea everetti.

Eudynamis cyanocephala eierelli Hartert, Xoi: Zool. rii, p. 231 (1900^" Alor, Sumba, Timor, Key

Islands, and islands north of Key group ").

Type : ^ ad., W. Sumba, December 1896. Alfred Everett coll. Cf. also

Nov. Zool. 1903, p. 237.

1381. Eudynamis orientalis harterti Ingr. = Eudynamis scolopacea harterti.

Eudynamis orientalis harterti Ingram, Xoi: Zool. 1912, p. 279 (Hainan).

Type: ^ ad., Hoihow, Hainan, 19.iii.l902. Katsumata coll. Cf also

Nov. Zool. xvii, j). 219.

1382. Chrysococcyx rufomerus ii.aTt.=^C}ialcites malayamis rujomerus.

Chnjsococcyx rufomenis Ilartcrt, Nor. Zool. 1900, p. 21 (Dammcr Island).

Type: (J ad., Wulur, Dammer (Damar) Island, ll.xii.l898. Heinrich

Kiihn coll. No. 1158.

1383. Chrysococcyx auratus sharpei Som. = Chrysosoccyx cnprevs sharpei.

Chrysococcyx auratus sharpei vanSomcren, Xov. Zool. x.xix, p. 53 (1922 — " The South African Bird ").

Type : ^ ad., Ifafa River, Natal, 1895 (Woodward Coll.).

Van Someren correctly separated the South African form, though otherwise

his remarks on these Cuckoos were not very clear. Bannerman, Nov. Zool.

1922, pp. 417, 418, and Rev. Zool. Afric. x. 2, p. 120, accepts this correctly,

while Sclater, Syst. Av. Ethiop. i, p. 183, does not accept " sharpei," without

comment and without mentioning the name at all.

1384. Cacomantis blandus R. & H. = Cacomanlis variolo.siis blandus.

Cacomantis blandus Rothsoliild & Hartert, Nov. Zool. xxi, p. 290 (1914 — Mauus, Admiralty Island).

Type: ^ ad., Manus, 16. ix. 1913. A. Eichhorn coll. No. 6072 of the

Meek collections.

1385. Cacomantis websteri Hart. = Cacomantis variolosus ivebsteri.

Cacomanlis n-ehsleri B.a.iteTt, in Webster's Thrmigh New Guinea, App. p. 370 (1898 — New Hanover).

Cf. also Orn. Monalsher. 1899, p. 138, Ibis, 1899, p. 278.

Type: cj New Hanover, 15. ii. 1897. Cayley Webster, 15. ii. 1897.

1386. Cacomantis assimilis fortior Rothsch. & Hart. = Caconuintis variolosus

forlior.

Cacomanlis assimilis forlior Rothschild & Hartert, Nov. Zool. xxi, p. 4 (1914 — Goodenough and

Fergueson Islands).

Type : (J, Mountains of Goodenough Island, 17. iv. 1913. A. S. Meek coll.

No. 5584.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXII. 1925. 155

1387. Cacomantis excitus R. & H. = Cacomantis cineraceus excitus.

Cacomantis excitus Rothschild & Hartert, Nov. Zool. xiv, p. 436 (1907 — " In montibus Novae

Guineae meridionalis orientalis ").

Type: S sd., Owgarra, Angabunga River, 16. ii. 1905. A. S. Meek coll.

No. A 2104.

1388. Cacomantis meeki R. & H. = Cacomantis cineraceus meeki.

Cacomantis meeki Rothschild & Hartert, Nov. Zool. ix, p. 586 (1902 — " Insula Ysabel dicta, Ins.

Salomonis").

Type: "?" ad., Isabel Island, l.vii.l901. A. S. Meek coll. No. 3460.

t 1389. Cacomantis castaneiventris bihagi Math. = Cacomantis castanciventris

tceiskei.

Cacontantis castaneiventris bihagi Mathews, "Austral Avian Record," ii, p. 92 (1014 — "Bihagi,

head of the Mambare River, British New Guinea ").

Type: ^ ad., Bihagi, 13. ii. 1900. A. S. Meek coll. No. A 2402.

This Papuan subspecies of castaneiventris differs in being darker on the under

surface ; this is obvious when a series from New Guinea is compared, but single

specimens are not always easily to distinguish. On the Upper Aroa and Mambare

Rivers, in the " Snow Mountains," and on Mt. Goliath, also on the Hydrographer

Range, this little cuckoo is common, and we have now twenty-seven skins in the

Tring Museum, among them three young ones. In Australia (North Queensland)

C. castaneiventris castaneiventris is apparently rare, as there are only three adult

and one young in the Mathews collection. Though described from a young bird,

Cacomantis iveiskei Reichenow, Orn. Monatsber. 1900, p. 186, refers without doubt

to this mountain form ; it came from the Upper Aroa River.

Cacomantis addendus R. & H. = Cacomantis variolosus addendus.

Cacomantis addendus Rothschild & Hartert, Nov. Zool. viii, p. 185 (1901 — Kulambangra, Central

Solomon Islands).

Type: ^ ad,, Kvdambangra, 5.iii.l901. A, S. Meek coll. No. 2833.

1390. Cuculus canorus bakeri Hart. = Cuculus canorus hakeri.

Cuculus canorus bakeri Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, p. 948 (1912 — Khasia Hills, Assam).

Type : ^ ad., Shillong, Khasia Hills, 13.1 v. 1908. E. C. Stuart Baker coll.

No. 2160.

This subspecies has become very much known since Baker brought together

such enormous and most instructive series of eggs with their foster-parents.

t(?) 1391. Cuculus waigoui Math. = probably Cuculus optatus kelungensis.

Cuculus waigoui (sio) Mathews, B. Australia, vii, p. 291 (1918 — " Waigu," by which was meant the

island of Waigiu, Waigiou, or Waigeu, N.E. of West Papua).

Type : " cj " ad., according to a label written by G. M. Mathews, shot

7.ii.l903, so there must have been an original label. Collector's name not

156 NOTITATES ZooLoaicAE XXXII. 1925.

stated, but seems to be one of Waterstradt's skins. How did the collector's

label come off ? !

It is difficult to decide from a single example what it might be, but it is

most objectionable to name a bird after an island, where one must suppose that

it was only a winter visitor. As it is, the specimen is indeed darker and also

small for an optahis. but I cannot see how it differs from Formosan specimens,

which, in addition to their shorter wings, have the upperside darker than C. o.

optatus, and must be called C. o. kelungensis (cf. Vog. pal. Fauna, p. 950).

This C. 0. kehingoisis is apparently quite a "good" form, being darker and

smaller in the wing than C. o. opt at m. The status of this form, however, is still

somewhat uncertain. If it breeds on Formosa we may expect it to be resident

there, and in that case, how did it reach Waigiu ? If it should be a migrant to

Formosa and Waigiu (and doubtless many other places), then where is its home ?

The wing of the type of " waigoui " measures 195 mm.

1392. Cuculus mabirae Someren = Cuculits gahonensis mabirae.

Cuculus mahirae van Someren, Bull. B.O. Club, xxxv, p. 116 (1915 — Kasala forest, Uganda).

T3'pe : c?> Kasala forest, 24. vi. 1914. V. G. L. van Someren Coll.

1 1393. Cuculus intermedius insulindae Hart. = Cuculus intermedius musicua.

Cumulus intermedins iyisulindae Hartert, Vdg. pal. Fauna, p. 952 (1912 — Sumatra, Java, Borneo,

Lombok, and Flores). Cf. Vog. pal. Fauna, p. 2192 !

Type: ^ ad., Mt. Kina Balu, N. Borneo, 8,000 feet, 14. ii. 1888. John

Whitehead coll.

Tliis is a very distinct subspecies, but musicus is an older name for it !

1394. Sumiculus lugubris brachyurus Stres. = Sumiculus luguhris

bmchyurns.

Sumiculus higuhris brachyurus Stresemann, A'or. Zool. xx, p. 340 (1913 — Sumatra, Borneo, Malakka).

Type: (J ad., Bentong, Pahang, Malay Peninsula, 21. vi. 1910. No. 1725

of the Selangor Museum collections, Herbert C. Robinson dir.

{Surnintlus lugubris minimus Baker, Nov. Zool. 1919, p. 292 (Palawan), is

apparently not separable from brachyurus.)

1395. Clamator jacobinus taprobanus Hart. = Clamator jacohinus taprobanus.

Clamalor jaco'/inus taprobanus Hartert, Nov. Zool. xxii, p. 254 (1915 — Ceylon).

Type: ^ ad., N.W. Ceylon, 26. xi. 1869. E. Holdsworth coll.

(About the different Angolan form see I.e. If the name caroli shoiild not

be available, a new name would be required, but probably caroli — though the

type is exceptionally long-winged — is available.)

NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXII. 1925. 157

PODARGI.'

1396. Aegotheles pulcher Hart. = Aegothdes pulcher.

Aegothdes pulcher Hartert, Bull. B.O. Club, viii, p. 8 (1898 — " Mts. of British New Guinea ").

Type : ad., Mts. British Papua, EmO Weiske coll.

This specimen was bought in London. Later on I recognised that it was

undoubtedly collected by Emil Weiske, and most likely came from the Upper

Area River.

N.B. — Types of Australian birds described by G. Mathews are not included

in this list ; they will, we hope, be enumerated together, in the future, as " types

in the Mathews collection."

1397. Podargus intermedins Hart. = Podargits ocellatus intermedius.

Podargua intermedius Hartert, Bull. B.O. Cluh, v, p. 10 (December 1895 — Kiriwina, Trobriand

Islands, E. of New Guinea and Fergusson).

Type: ^ ad., Kirivina, 18. v. 1895. A. S. Meek leg. No. 205.

We have now twelve skins from the Trobriand Islands, Fergusson and

Goodenough Islands.

1398. Podargus inexpectatlis Hart. = Podargus ocellatus inexpectatus.

Podargus inexpectalus Hartert, Bull. B.O. Cluh, xii, p. 24 (1901 — Isabel, Solomon Islands, A. S.

Meek coU.).

Type: ^ ad., Isabel Island, 22. vi. 1901. A. S. Meek leg. No. 3368.

I am convinced that the birds from Choiseul and Bougainville from another

Beparate subspecies with shorter wings {,^ not yet known), but can only repeat

what I said Nov. Zool. 1905, p. 259.

1399. Podargus meeki Hart. = Podargus ocellatus meeki.

Podargus meeki Hartert, Bull. B.O. Cluh, viii, p. 8 (1898 — Sudcst Island).

T3'pc : $ ad., Sudest Island, Louisiade group, 9.iv.l898. A. S. Meek leg.

No. 1701.

This interesting form varies very much. The sexes are very much alike,

but the males are on the upperside less dark or less reddish and on the underside

more wliite, though very variable. Some of the females have very bold black spots

on the underside, and in both sexes some specimens have conspicuous white

spots on the wing-coverts, others not. Notwithstanding the dark and not much

reddish coloration of the females, I think I am right to treat tliis as a subspecies

of P. ocellatus. The following forms of P. ocellatus are recognisable :

P. ocellatus ocellatus : New Guinea, Aru Islands, Waigiu, Jobi Island.

P. ocellatus niarmoratus : Cape York Peninsvda, Austraha.

P. ocellatus intermedius : Trobriand Islands, Fergusson and Goodenough

Islands.

P. ocellatus inexpectatus : Isabel Island, Choiseul and Bougainville Islands.

P. ocellatus meeki -. Sudest Island, Louisiade group.

'The Podargi should have been Nos. 1183 to 1186, but were inadvertently omitted, the

manuscript having been mislaid.

{To be continued.)

158 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXII. 1925.

UEBER DIE INDOAUSTEALISCHEN GLANZKUCKUCKE

{CHALCITES).

VON ERNST HARTERT und ERWIN STRESEMANN.

DIE Systematik der indoanstralischen Glanzkuckucke, die wir in der Gattung

Chalci'.es ' vereinigen, \\i\d die Feststcllimg ihrcr Verbreitimg bietet

manchcrlei Schwierigkeiten, audenen schon mehrerc Vcrsuche zueiner natiiiiichen

Klassifikation dieser Vogel gescheitert sind. Friihere Untersucher haben einem

wesentlichen Umstand zu wenig Rechnung getragen, desscn Beachtung von

Wichtigkeit ist : dass einige dieser Kuckucke ausserhalb der Fortpflanzungszeit

weite Wanderungen unternehmen und dass daher der Erbeutungsort vielfach

nicht der Heimat des Vogels entspricht.

Alle in den subtropi.schen iind gemiissigten Klimaten heimischen Glanz-

kuckucke vermogen dem Winter nicht zu trotzen und weichen ihm aus. Der

im ostlichen Himalaya und seLnen ostlichen Fortsetzungen sich vermehrende

Chalcites maculatus gelangt auf der Siidwanderung gelegentlich bis nach Sumatra,

wo cr sich mit einem Biirger Siidaustraliens, dem Chalcites basalis, in der Winter-

herberge treffen kann ; andere Siidaustralier begeben sich nach dem Bismarck-

Arcliipel und den Salomons- Inseln.

Bei Beriicksichtigung dieser Verhaltnisse sind wir dahin gelangt, die

indoaustralischen Glanzkuckucke in 7 Species zu gliedern, von denen 2, Chalcites

maculatus und Ch. xanthorhynchus, einander geographisch zu vertreten schemen,

wahrend es von einer {Ch. malayanus) noch nicht ganz siclier ist, ob sie nicht

richtiger in 2 Species zu zerlegen ware.

In dem Bestreben, alles iiberfliissige Beiwerk fortzulasscn, haben wir eine

kurze Beschreibung der Formen nur dort in iinsere Uebersicht aufgenommen,

wo sie uns von Wichtigkeit zu sein schien.

I. Chalcites basalis (Horsfield).

Cucuhis basalis Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii, p. 179 (1821 — Java).

Cucvlus chalcites Temminck {ex Illiger MS.), PI. Col. 102, Fig. 2 (1823— rOodanie. " Java "

designiert diirch Mathews).

Cuculus negleclus Schlegel, Jtlus. Pays-Bos, Cuculi, p. 35 (1864 — Borneo).

Lamprococcyx modesla Digglea, Trans. Philos. Soc. Queensl. 1876, p. 12 (1876 — Queensland : Norman's

Creek).

Chrysococcyx basalis mellori Mathews, Austr. Av. Record, i, p. 14 (1912 — South AustraUa : Eyre's

Peninsula).

Chrysococcyx basalis wyndhami Mathews, ibid. p. 14 (1912 — N.W. Australia: Point Torment).

Verhreitung : Fortpfianzungsgehiet das siidliche Australien sowie Tasmanien.

Auf dem Durchzuge und als Winterga-st (iii.-x.) erscheint die Art, iiber das

nordwestliche Australien wandernd, auf den Sundainseln bis Java (regelmassig

und zahlreich), Sumatra (selten), Malakka (hochstens einmal nachgewiesen), Borneo

(selten), Siid-Celebes (1 mal nachgewiesen) ; ferner als Ausnahmeerscheinimg

' Chalcites Lesson, Traiti d'Ornithologie, 1830, p. 152 ; Typua durch Tautonjrmie Cuculua

chalcites Illiger = Cuculus basalis Horsfield. Als genorisch verschieden kann man betraohton den

Cuculus cupreus Shaw, iloii Typus der Gattung Chrysococcyx Boio 182C. Vgl. Bannerman, Nov,

Zool. xxix, 1922, pp. 413-420,

NOVITATES ZOOLOQICAE XXXII. 1925. 159

auf den Aruinseln und der Cape York-Halbinsel. Die normalen Winterquartiere

Bcheinen also die Inseln zwischen Sumbawa und Java (beide eingeschlossen) zu

bilden.

Max Bartels jun. fand die Art in dem von ihm und seinem Vater und Bruder

besuchten Teilen Javas als regelmassige Erscheinung, teils einzeln, teils in Truppg.

Auienthalt hauistsachlich im Tieflande, in trockneren Jahren aber audi im

Gebirge. Exemplare wiirden mit Bestimmtlieit im Juni, Juli, und September

gesammelt. Wahrscheinlich erscheinen sie sclion im Marz oder April, sicher

Ziehen sie im Herbst wieder fort.

II. Chalcites maculatus (Gmelin).

Trogon maculatus Gmelin, Syst. Nat. i. 1, p. 404 (1788 — Ceylon, errore ! Patria subst. [Robinson &

Klo33, 1923] Pegu).

Chrysococcyx hodgsoni Horsfield & Moore, Cat. Birds Mus. E. I, Comp, 11, p. 705 (1858 — Nepal).

Chrysococcyx schomhurgki Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1864, p. 73 (1864 — Slam).

Verbreitung : Fortpflanzungsgebiet im Himala3'a unterhalb 1,400 m.

westwarts bis Kumaun, ostwarts durch Yiinnan und Siid-Tibet bis Szetschwan

(Kwan-hsien), siidwarts bis Assam und Cachar. Auf dem Durchzuge und als

Wintergast (ix.-iii.) iiber Birmah siidwarts bLs Malakka, Sumatra (selten), Siam,

Annam, Hainan, Siidchina bis zum unteren Yangtse.

III. Chalcites xanthorhynchus (Horsfield).

Cuculua xantlwrhynclius Horafield, Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii, p. 179 (1822 — Java).

Lampronorplui amethystina Vigors, Proc. Zuol. Soc. 1831, p. 98 (1831 — Manilla).

Chrysococcyx limhorgi Tweeddale, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1877, p. 360 (1877— Moulc-it Range, Tenasserim).

Verbreitung : Von der Siidgrenze des Ch. maculatus in Assam imd Birmah

siidwarts iiber Hinterindien bis Malakka und Siam ; ferner Nicobaren, Anda-

manen, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Palawan, PhOippinen.

IV. Chalcites lucidus.

Verbreitung der Species : zur Fortpflanzungszeit Neuseeland, Chatham- (und

Norfolk ?) Inseln, das siidUche Australien und Neu-Caledonien. 3 Subspecies.

1. lucidus (Gmelin).

Cuculus lucidua Gmelin, Syst. Nat. i. 1, p. 421 (1788 — " bab. in nova Seelandia ").

Cuculus nitens Forster, Descriptio Anim. p. 151 (1844 — " liab. ad Aestuarium Eeginae Charlottae ").

Lamprococcyx lucidus australis Mathews, Bull. B.O. Club, xxxvi, p. 83 (1916 — Queensland :

Capricorn-Inseln).

Verbreitung : Fortpflanzungsgebiet Neuseeland, die Chatham- Inseln (u.

Norfolk-Inseln ?). Auf dem Durchzuge und als Wintergast iiber Ost- Australien

und das ostliche Neuguinea bis zum Salomons- Archipel.

2. plagOSUS (Latham).

Cuculus plagosus Latham, Index Ornilh. Suppl. ii, p. xxxi (1801 — " hab. in Nova Hollandia ").

Cuculus metallicus Vigors & Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. xv, p. 302 (1826 — " Australia ").

Lamprococcyx poliurus Sa.\va,don,Omit.Papuasia, Aggiunle,-p. 49(1889 — Tarawa!). Typus untersueht.

Chrysococcyx plagosus tasmanicus Mathews, A-ustr. Avian Record, i, p. 17 (1912 — Tasmanien).

Chrysococcyx plagosus carteri Mathews, ibid. p. 17 (1912 — S.VV, Austraha : Broome Hill).

Aehnlich Ch. I. lucidus, aber Oberkojif und Nacken in der Kegel mehr

purpurn, weniger griinlich schillernd, 2. Steuerfeder (von aussen) meist mit

160 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXII. 1925.

Rostfarbe gezeichnet, wahrend diese Farbe bei Ch. I. lucidus fast stets durcli

Schwarz ersetzt wird. Fliigel 100-108 mm.

VerhreUung : Forlpfiamungsgebiet Tasmanien und das siidliclie Australien.

Auf dem Durchzztge und als Winlergaxl (iii. — Anfang x.) in Nordaustralien, auf

den Kleinen Sundainseln (Wetar, Flores, Sumbava), im ostlichen Neuguinea

(an der Siidkiiste Neuguineas nicht we.stlich des Fly-Flusses gefunden, an dcr

Nordkiiste nicht westlicli des Mamberano angetrofien)," dem Loukiade- und

Bismarck-Archipel und den Salomonen.

3. layardi (Mathews).

Chrysococcijx laijardi Mathews, Anslr. Aiian Record, i, p. 16 (1912 — Ncu-Caledonion).

Kleiner als die beiden anderen Formen : Fliigel nur 95-101 mm., Kehle

nahezu oline dunkle Querbinden, mithin viel schwacher gebiindert als bei

Ch. I. lucidus und plagosus.

VerhreUung. Standvogel auf Neu-Caledonien.

V. Chalcites malayanus.

Dieser Formenkreis ist der am weitesten verbreitete und am reichsten

gegliederte. Er umfasst nur tropische Formen, die samtlich sesshaft zu sein

scheinen. Von der malayischen Halbinsel an ostwarts wohnen malayanus-'Forvasn

auf fast alien Inseln des malaj-ischen Archipels ostwarts bis Neuguinea und der

Fergusson-Insel ; auch das tropische Gebiet Australiens ist von dieser Species

besiedelt worden. Nicht vertreten ist der Formenkreis im Bismarck- und

Salomons- Archipel (dort pflanzt sich keine einzige Glanzkuckucksart fort !)

auch fehlt bisher der Nachweis von Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores und Sumba,

sowie von Palawan und der Nordgruppe der PhUipptnen. Die ZusammensteUung

der folgenden 10 Formen zu einem Formenkreis ist von unserer Seite nicht

unbedenklich erfolgt. Ch. crassirostris weicht morphologisch von seinen

Nachbarn im Westen und im Osten, Ch. m. malayanus und Ch. m. poecilurus,

betriichtlich ab, sclieint uns aber mit letzterem durch die Formen miitutillus-

rufomerus-salvadorii eng verloiiipft zu werden. Die am Fundort typischer

Vertreter des Ch. crassirostris gesammelten Individuen, die bisher in der Literatur

als Angehorige der Form Ch. m. poecilurus bezeichnet wurden, mochten wir als

$$ Oder jiingere Stiicke von Ch. crassirostris ansprechen, ohne jedoch unserer

Sache ganz sicher zu sein. Sollte es sich in Zukunft heraussteUen, dass sich

tatsachlich 2 Chalcites-FoTvnen auf den gleichen Moluklven-Insehi fortpflanzen,

so wird man die Form crassirostris artlich trennen und auch die systematische

Stellung von salvadorii einer Nachpriifung unterziehen miissen.

1. malayanus (Raffles).

Cuculus malayanus Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. xii, p. 286 (1821 — Malay Peninsula). -

Verbreitung : Malay ische Halbinsel nordwarts bis Patani; Sumatra, Java,'

Borneo, Sulu-Inseln, Mindanao, Negros, Celebes.

1 Im Tring-Museum 1 Exemplar von der Insel Ron in der Goelvink-Bai.

2 Nach erneuten Erwagungen scheint una kein Bedenken vorzuliegen, den Namen Cuculus

malayanus auf diese Art anzuwenden. Die Beschreibung trii^t ausgezeichnet zu, nur die Grosse

(about seven inches in length) ist von Raffles falsch angegeben worden. Dagegen, dasa Raffles

einen Ch. basalis vor sich hatte (cf. Mathews, Austr. Av. liecord, i. 1912, p. 18) sprieht neben vielera

anderen der Umstand, dass diese Art auf der malayischen Halbinsel, wenn iiberhaupt, so nur als

ganz grosso Seltenheit vorgekoramen ist).

2 Vgl. Finsch, iJitea Leyden Mus. xxii. 1900, pp. 95-98.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGIOAE XXXII. 1925, 161

Chalcites malayanus hat auf Java eine sehr lokale Verbreitung. Max Bartels

und seine Sohne fanden ihn an der Nordkiiste Westjavas in sumpfigen Waldern,

namentlich an den Waldrandern und Fliissen. Er sitzt meist in den Ki'onen der

Baume, und man wiirde ihn fast nie bemerken, wenn er sich nicht durch seinen

oft wiederholten, viersilbigen flotenden Ruf verriete. Am 27.iii.1923 fand Max

Bartels jun. am Gedari-Flusse ein Nest von Gerygone modiglianii mit zwei

bronzefarbenen Eiern dieses Kuckucks.

2. poecilunis (Gray).

Chrysococcyx poecilurits G. R. Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1861, p. 431 (1861 — Misol).

Lamprococcyx poeciluroides Salvadori, Ann, Mm. Civ. Geneva, xiii, p. 460 (1878 — Warmon auf

Sorong).

Sehr ahnlich Ch. m. malayanus, aber Aussenfahne der Steuerfedern und

meist auch das ganze mittlere Steuerfederpaar auf der Oberseite mit + deutlichem

rostfarbenen Anfiug, der bei C. m. malayanus durch griinlichen Scliiller ersetzt ist.

Brust im Gegensatz zur Nominatform vielfach rostlich getont. '' Fliigelspiegel,"

womit hier das auf der Unterseite der Schwingen sichtbare helle Feld bezeiclmet

werden mag, in der Regel rostHcher, weniger weisslich. Fliigel 86-96 mm. (wie

bei malayanus).

Verbreitung : Neuguinea und einige anliegende Inseln : Aru-Inseln, Misol,

Vulkan-Insel, Dampier-Insel, Fergusson-Insel.

3. russatus (Gould).

Chrysococcyx nissaia Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1808, p. 76 (1868 — Cape York).

Sehr ahnlich Ch. m. poecilurus ; Schwanzfarbung genau wie bei diesem ;

aber Banderung der Unterseite im Durchschnitt etwas schmaler. Brust (ganz

wie bei poecilurus) oft mit und ebenso oft ohne rostfarbene Tonung ; je rostlicher

die Brust, um so intensiver rostlich ist auch der " Fliigelspiegel " gefarbt, bei

blassbriistigen Individuen kann er nahezu weiss seLn. Fliigel 92-99 mm., also

grosser als poecilurus. Verbreitung : Cape-York-Halbinsel.

4. minutillus (Gould).

Chrysococcyx minutillus Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1859, p. 128 (1859 — Port Essington).

Chrysococcyx bamardi Mathews, Anstr. Avian Record, i, p. 20 (1912 — Queensland : Dawson-River).

Chrysococcyx minutillus perplexus Mathews, Austr. Avian Reccrrd, i, p. 38 (1912 — N.W. Australia:

Parry's Creek).

Chrysococcyx minutillus mdviUensis Zietz, South Austr. Ornithologist, i, p. 14 (1914 — Melville Island)

Aehnlich Ch. m. russatus, aber Schnabel ein wenig schlanker, insbesondere

Oberschnabel meist etwas niedriger (was in der Seitenansicht am deutlichsten

hervortritt) ; Brust meist (aber nicht stets) ohne rostfarbenen Anfiug, dement-

sprechend der " Fliigelspiegel " in der Regel blasser (weiss bis blass isabellfarben) ;

Schwanzfarbung wie bei Ch. m. malayanus, nicht wie bei poecilurus imd russatus,

ausserstes Steuerfederpaar daher im Gegensatz zu russatus meist ohne Rostfarbe.

Fliigel 92-99 mm.

Verbreitung : Kimberley, Arnhem-Land, Melville- Insel, North Queensland

siidlich der Cape-York-Halbinsel.

162 NOVITATKS ZOOLOOIOAE XXXII. 1925.

5. misoriensis (Salvadori).

Lamprococcyx misoriensis Salvadori, Ann, 3Ius, Civ. Oenova, vii, p. 914 {1875 — Misori).

Sehr ahnlJcli minuiillus, aber Unterfliigeldecken ohne Querbanderung ;

Oberseite einfarbig griin schillernd, am Kopf etwas dunkler; Fliigel 91 mm.

(nach Salvadori). Verbreitung : Insel Misori in der Geelvink-bai.

6. rufomeras (Hartert).

Chrysococcyx nifomerus Hartert, Nov. Zool. vii, p. 21 (1900 — Dammer).

Chalcococcyx innominatus Finsch, Notes Leyd. Mus. xxii, p, 94 (1900 — Kisser).

An minutilhis anschliessend, aber im ganzen verdunkelt : dunkle Querbinden

der Unterseite breiter, Oberseite viel lebhafter metalliscli gliinzend ; Scliwanz-

federn nur bei manchen Individuen (den jiingeren ?) wie bei minutillus rostrot

gezeichnet : gewohnlicli ist die rostrote Farbe im Schwanz ditrch Schwarz ersetzt.

Scbnabelform und Farbung de.s " Fliigelspiegels " wie bei minutillus, Grosse

dagegen etwas bedeutender : 93-100 mm. Zuweilen Andeutung eines durch

die Saume der mittleren Fliigeldeckfedern gebildeten weissen Fliigelflecks.

Verbreituufj : Damar (Dammer), Scrmata, Letti, Romah, Moa, Kissar.

7. subsp. ?

3 Exemplare von Welar (Wetter) sind aui5serst ahnlieh Ch. m. mimdilhis,

schillern aber auf dem Oberkopf mehr bronzerot, weniger griinlich. Vermutlich

eirie endemische Form ?

8. subsp. ?

2 Exemplare von Timor gleiclien vollkommen extrem rostlichen Stiieken

von Gh. m. russaius mit rostfarbenem Bru.stton, sind aber grosser (Fliigel 99-

100 mm.). Vermutlich eine endemische Form ?

9. salvadorii .subsp. nov.

Chrysococcyx spec. an. subsp. nov, ? Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1906, p. 295 (Babber Island).

(J ad. Oberseite dunkelgriin, metallgliinzend, auf dem Kopfe mit stahlblauem

Schimmer ; einige der mittleren Oberfliigeldecken mit weissen Bandern, wodurch

ein unregelmassiger weisser Fleck entsteht. Unterseite weiss, die Federn mit 2,

am ^'orderhalse mit nur einer Binde von schwarzlicher, etwas metallglanzender

Farbung ; letztere Farbe audi an den Seiten der Kehle. Schwingen tiefbraun,

an den Aussenfahnen bronzegliinzend, an den Innenfahnen aller mit Ausnahme

der zweiten (!) ein grosser weisser Fleck. Schwanz wie beim alten crassirostris

ohne Rotbraun, die ausserste Steuerfeder mit breitem weissen Fleck an der Spitze

der Innenfahne. Fliigel 99 mm. Tepa, Babber, 15.ix.l905, ges. von Hcinr.

Kijhn (Typus). Untersclieidet sich vom ganz alten crassirostris durch nicht

tiefblaue, sondern dunkelgriine Oberseite und schwarzgebanderte Unterseite ;

diese breite Blindcrung ist nicht mit der schmalen, blassen bei den crassirostris

im zweiten Kleide zu verwechseln ! Nur das eine Stiick bekannt. Benannt

nach Graf Salvadori, dessen Ornitologia dclla Papuatia die Grundfeste aller

KenntnLs jener Liinder ist und ewig bleiben wird.

NOVITATES ZooLoaiOAE XXXII. 1925. 163

10. crassirostris (Salvadori).

Lamprococcyx crassirostris Salvador!, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, xiii, p. 460 (1878 — Klein Kei: Tual).

Chalcococcyx NieuicenMiisi Vorderman, Nat. Tijdschr. Nederl. Indie, Iviii, p. 196 (1898 — Halmahera).

Das Jugendldeid ist im Gegensatz zu dem aller iibrigen Formen oberseits

rostbraun ohne Metallglanz. Ein weisser Fliigelfleck fehlt nocli (stets ?).

Individuen, die wir fiir junge Vogel nach der Jugendmauser halten, sind nicht

von gleich alten L. m. mimdillus zu unter.sclieiden. Bei den ausgefarbten

Individuen mit tief blauschwarzer Oberseite fehlt der Unterseite jegliche dunlde

Querbanderung, sie ist daher rein weiss ; die Oberseite scliillert dunkelblau, ein

grosser weisser Fliigelfleck, von den mittleren Oberfliigeldeckfedern gebildet,

ist meist vorhanden. Wahrend der Jugendschwanz noch ebensoviel Rostfarbe

zeigt wie bei Ch. m. minutillus, ist im Altersschwanz aUes Rostrot durch Schwarz

ersetzt. Schnabel meist etwas breiter als bei rujomerus. Fliigel 90-97 mm.

Verbreitung : Tenimber-Inseln (Larat 18. ii. 1901, Kiihn coll.), Kei-Inseln,

Koer, Taam, Goram, Seran, Ambon, Burn, Ternate, Halmahera, Sorong ! '

VI. Chalcites ruficollis (Salvadori).

Lamprococcyx ruficollis Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ, Genova, vii, p. 913 (1875 — Arfak-Gebirge).

Aehnlich Ch. malaynnus poecilurus, aber Schwanz (schon im Jugendldeid)

ganz anders gezeichnet als bei diesem : wahrend bei Ch. m. poecilurus die Innen-

fahne der 2.-4. Steuerfeder mit Ausnahme einer schwarzen, grau grundierten

Praeapicalbinde vollig rotbraun ist, besitzen dieselben Federn bei Ch. ruficollis

eine ausgedehnte schwarze Basis und eine breite schwarze Binde vor einem

weissen Spitzenfleck ; diese beiden schwarzen Zonen werden an der Iimenfahue

durch eine breite rostfarbene Binde getrennt. Fliigelspiegel reiner weiss als

bei Ch. m. poecilurus. Brust im Alterskleid stets sehr intensiv rostfarben getont.

Fliigel 91-98 mm.

Verbreitung : Hohe Gebirge von Neuguinea, etwa oberhalb 2,000 m.'

VII. Chalcites meyerii (Salvadori).

Chrysococcyx splendidus A. B. Meyer {nee Gray), Sitzungsber, K. Akad. Wissensch. Wien, Ixix, pp. 74,

81 (1874— Arfak-Gebirge).

Chrysococcyx meyerii Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ, Genova, vi, p. 82 (1874 — Arfak-Gebirge: Hatam).

Verbreitung : Diese in der Farbung von alien iibrigen erheblich abweichende

Art bewohnt die Gebirge Neuguineas oberhalb 1,000 m.

1 Sorong nach Finsoh, Notes Leyden Mus. xxii. 1900, p. 98. Von der gleichen lusel Btammt