FIELDIANA: BOTANY
A Continuation of the
BOTANICAL SERIES
of
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
VOLUME 32
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
CHICAGO, U.S.A.
,^^7
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. A New Guatemalan Spigelia. By Dorothy N. Gibson 1
2. Three New Nicaraguan Epidendrums. By Alfonso H. Heller 7
3. Syagrus oleracea ( Mart. ) Becc. and Closely Related Taxa. By
S. F. Classman 13
4. Tropical American Plants, X. By Louis O. Williams 35
5. Two New Guatemalan Tournefortias. By Dorothy N. Gibson 65
6. A New Member of Morganella. By Patrick) Ponce de Leon 69
7. A New Odontoglossum from Nicaragua. By Alfonso H. Heller 73
8. Studies in the Palm Genus Syagrus Mart. II. By S. F. Classman 77
9. Revision of the Genus Vascellum ( Lycoperdaceae ) . By Patrick)
Ponce de Leon 109
10. A Conspectus of the Palm Genus Butia Becc. By S. F. Classman 127
11. Studies in American Plants, II. By Dorothy N. Gibson 173
12. Tropical American Plants, XI. By Louis O. Williams 179
13. The Juglandaceae of Guatemala. By Louis O. Williams and Antonio
Molina R 207
14. An Overlooked Genus of the Scrophulariaceae. By Louis O. Williams 211
15. A Synopsis of the Palm Genus Syagrus Mart. By S. F. Classman 215
16. A New Hybrid in the Palm Genus Syagrus Mart. By S. F. Classman 241
THE JUGLANDACEAE OF GUATEMALA
LOUIS 0. WILLIAMS
AND
ANTONIO MOLINA R.
AN OVERLOOKED GENUS OF THE
SCROPHULARIACEAE
LOUIS 0. WILLIAMS
A SYNOPSIS OF THE PALM GENUS
STAGRUS MART.
S. F. GLASSMAN
A NEW HYBRID IN THE PALM GENUS
SYAGRUS MART.
S. F. GLASSMAN
FIELDIANA: BOTANY
VOLUME 32, NUMBERS 13, 14, 15, 16
Published by
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
JULY 24, 1970
M«V <•
The Library of the
MAY ID 197;
THE JUGLANDACEAE OF GUATEMALA
LOUIS 0. WILLIAMS
Chief Curator, Botany, Field Museum of Natural History
AND
ANTONIO MOLINA R.
Field Associate
AN OVERLOOKED GENUS OF THE
SCROPHULARIACEAE
LOUIS 0. WILLIAMS
Chief Curator, Botany, Field Museum of Natural History
A SYNOPSIS OF THE PALM GENUS
STAGRUS MART.
S. F. GLASSMAN
Research Associate, Palms, Field Museum of Natural History
University of Illinois at Chicago Circle
A NEW HYBRID IN THE PALM GENUS
STAGRUS MART.
S. F. GLASSMAN
Research Associate, Palms, Field Museum of Natural History
University of Illinois at Chicago Circle
FIELDIANA: BOTANY
VOLUME 32, NUMBERS 13, 14, 15, 16
Published by
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
JULY 24, 1970
CONTENTS
PAGE
The Juglandaceae of Guatemala by Louis O. Williams and Antonio Molina R. 207
An Overlooked Genus of the Scrophulareaceae by Louis O. Williams . . . .211
A Synopsis of the Palm Genus Syagrus Mart, by S. F. Glassman 215
A New Hybrid in the Palm Genus Syagrus Mart, by S. F. Glassman . . . .241
FIELDIANA . BOTANY
Volume 32, No. 14 July 24, 1970 . Publication 1102
An Overlooked Genus of the Scrophulariaceae
Louis O. WILLIAMS
CHIEF CURATOR, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
Dorothy Nash Gibson, while studying the Verbenaceae for the
"Flora of Guatemala," called my attention to several species de-
scribed from Mexico and Central America as Clerodendron, which
she thought not to belong in the Verbenaceae. There were five of
these— two described by Standley, two by Standley and Steyermark,
and one by Moldenke — one from Costa Rica, one from Mexico, and
three from Guatemala. One of these species belongs in the Acantha-
ceae and Mrs. Gibson will write about it; one belongs in an undeter-
mined family but not Verbenaceae; and three belong in what is ap-
parently an undescribed genus of the Scrophulariaceae, near that
no-mans-land between the Scrophulariaceae and Bignoniaceae.
The genus Gibsoniothamnus is one of those that seem to be near
the gap, and a very narrow gap it is, between the Scophulariaceae
and the Bignoniaceae. The genus to which it seems most closely
allied is Schlegelia Miq. (syn. Dermatocalyx Oersted). Joseph Mona-
chino was apparently the first to discover that Schlegelia, ascribed to
the Bignoniaceae, and Dermatocalyx, ascribed to the Scophulariaceae,
were one and the same genus (Phytologia 3: 102-105. 1949). Mona-
chino's discussion of the familial position is good and there is no
point in repeating it here, except to say that Monachino apparently
thought the genus to belong in the Scrophulariaceae.
John W. Thieret was the next to mention the problem of Schle-
gelia and Dermatocalyx. In his "The Tribes and Genera of Central
American Scrophulariaceae" (Ceiba 4:175. 1954) Dr. Thieret points
out "that placental and seed characteristics of these taxa definitely
point to the Scrophulariaceae" but curiously he did not include
Schlegelia in his treatment cited above.
The discovery of a new genus, apparently related by several im-
portant characters to Schlegelia, but almost certainly more "scrophu-
lariaceous" provides an important new consideration in deciding the
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 79-12^82
211
212
FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 32
FIG. 1. Gibsoniothamnus pithecobius. A flowering branch, X 1; corolla dis-
sected to show stamens, X 2; calyx, X 2; enlarged anthers from front and back,
X5.
family affiliation of Schlegelia. The new material indicates its rela-
tionship to the Scrophulariaceae rather than to the Bignoniaceae.
Dr. Sandwith, the specialist in the Bignoniaceae, admitted Schle-
gelia into that family. Dr. Pennell, a life-long student of the Scroph-
ulariaceae, thought Schlegelia not to be Scrophulariaceae. I believe
WILLIAMS: SCROPHULARIACEAE 213
the impression of Monachino and of Thieret that Schlegelia might be
scrophulariaceous is considerably strengthened by the discovery of
Gibsoniothamnus.
It is a curious circumstance that the several species discussed here
all have similar calyx lobes. This one thing more than any other is
perhaps the reason that they were all put into Clerodendron as re-
lated species.
The first one of these, Clerodendron moldenkeanum, was described
by Standley who said that it was "distinct from the few known pre-
viously from Mexico and Central America."
The next species described, Clerodendron epiphyticum, was ad-
mitted as "a somewhat puzzling and annoying plant" but the calyx
was compared to that of C. moldenkeanum. The type specimen is
poor and probably belongs neither to Verbenaceae nor to Scrophu-
lariaceae. It is the only one of this group from Costa Rica.
The last two species of this alliance, Clerodendron pithecobium,
placed here because of the relationship to C. moldenkeanum, and
C. mimicum, placed because of relationship to C. pithecobium, are
certainly closely allied one to another.
It is curious that Standley, a very competent botanist who appar-
ently was responsible for all the original work on the four species dis-
cussed here, did not notice that the ovary was very unlike that known
for Verbenaceae.
It is curious again that Dr. Moldenke, the authority on Verbena-
ceae who has seen all these species, agreed that they belonged in
Clerodendron — and then described still another Clerodendron of his
own with a bilocular ovary, but one belonging in Acanthaceae.
Gibsoniothamnus L. Wms. gen. nov. Scrophulariacearum, tri-
bus: Cheloneae.
Typus generici : Clerodendron pithecobium Standl. & Steyerm.
Frutices parvi epiphytic! vel terrestres divaricato-ramosi. Folia opposita peti-
olata coriacea anisophylla; inflorescentiae pauciflorae breves axillares pedunculi
perbreves vel subnulli pedicelli elongati; calyx campanulatus quinquelobatus, lobi
vulgo elongati et angusti; corollae regulares et symetrici vel leviter irregulares
tubiformes, limbi 5-lobati, lobi subaequales et breves; stamina 4 aequales vel didy-
nama inclusa libra fundo tubo corollae inserta; staminodium praesentium filiforme;
stylus gracilis quam stamina longior; stigma capitata; ovarium bilocularis, ovula
in loculis numerosa; capsula baccata verosimiliter indehiscens calyce persistans
tecta; semina angulares vel vermiformes, embryone curvato.
214 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 32
Gibsoniothamnus mimicus (Standl. & Steyerm.) L. Wms.
comb. nov. Clerodendron mimicum Standl. & Steyerm. Field Mus.
Bot. 23:227. 1947.
Known only from the highlands of Guatemala.
Gibsoniothamnus moldenkeanus (Standl.) L. Wms. comb,
nov. Clerodendron moldenkeanum Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 22: 99.
1940.
Known from a single collection from Mexico, Matuda 2760.
This species differs from the other two species which I have placed
in this genus in sometimes lacking a staminodium although material
available for study is scant. The leaves, immature on all specimens
of the single collection known, seem not to be as coriaceous as in the
other two species, but like them, the leaves of a pair are decidedly
anisophyllous.
Gibsoniothamnus pithecobius (Standl. & Steyerm.) L. Wms.
comb. nov. Clerodendron pithecobium Standl. & Steyerm. Field Mus.
Bot. 22: 373. 1940.
Known only from Guatemala. This is selected as the type species
of the genus Gibsoniothamnus, and is the most common of the species.
EXCLUDED:
Clerodendron epiphyticum Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 22: 168.
1940.
Costa Rica: Lankester 1296 (type) and Brenes 12648.
The specimens cited are almost certainly neither Verbenaceae nor
are they Scrophulariaceae and perhaps represent two other families.
The species was described by Standley with considerable hesitation
and perhaps can never be placed unless by chance.
Publications 1101, 1102, 1103, 1104