Vol. XI

January, 1935

No. 1

THE

Pan -Pacific Entomologist

Published by the

Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in co-operation with

The California Academy of Sciences

CONTENTS

VAN DYKE, NEW SPECIES OF NORTH AMERICAN WEEVILS

IN THE SUBFAMILY BRACHYRHININ^ 1

LINSLEY. NEW SPECIES OF PLEOCOMA WITH NOTES

CONCERNING OTHERS 11

SLOOP, THREE NEW SPECIES OF PLASTOCERIN^, WITH

NOTES CONCERNING OTHERS 17

EBELING, A NEW SCOLYTID FOUND IN THE BARK

OF LEMON TREES 21

MICHENER, A NOTE ON DIANTHIDIUM PERLUTEUM

T. & W. CKLL 23

VAN DUZEE, FOUR HITHERTO UNDESCRIBED HEMIPTERA 25

VAN DUZEE, REVIEW, NEUROPTEROID PAPERS 29

WILCOX, DESCRIPTION OF THE MALE OF WILLISTONINA

BILINEATA (WILL.), TOGETHER WITH A NEW FORM 31

SAYLOR, STUDIES IN AMERICAN SCARAB^ID^ 35

CHAMBERLIN, A NEW SPECIES OF FALSE SCORPION FROM

A BIRD’S NEST IN MONTANA 37

GUEDET, A NEW RACE OF DASYFIDONIA AVUNCULARIA 39

COCKERELL, SOME CALIFORNIA BEES 41

San Francisco, California

1935

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

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PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

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Published at the California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park,

San Francisco, California.

Entered as second-class matter, February 10, 1925, at the postoihce at

San Francisco, California, under Act of August 24, 1912.

The Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Vol. XI, No. 1 January, 1935

NEW SPECIES OF NORTH AMERICAN WEEVILS

IN THE FAMILY

CURCULIONID^, SUBFAMILY BRACHYRHININ^, IL

BY EDWIN C. VAN DYKE'

University of Calif omia, Berkeley, California

Tribe Tripiphorini (continued)

Genus Cimbocera Horn

Key to Species

1. Pile very short, transverse impression at base of rostrum

feeble, head flattened above from vertex to near apex, seventh

funicular segment almost a part of club, suture of metastern al

side pieces distinct. W. Col cmerea n. sp.

— . Pile long, transverse impression at base of rostrum pronounced,

front and upper surface of rostrum both convex, seventh

funicular segment close to but distinct from club 2.

2. Rostrum rather narrow, about twice as long as broad, a few

light colored scales on disk, suture of metasternal side pieces

distinct. Wyoming (Dak. Terr.) paitper Horn

— . Rostrum broad, much less than twice as long as broad, light

and dark colored scales generally about equally numerous

above, suture of metasternal side pieces not evident below

elytra 3.

3. Elytra at least two-fifths longer than broad, pile of elytra of

a single type, long, and scattered white and black scales of

elytra arranged in irregular patches. Col., N. Mex., Ut., Nev.,

Ariz conspersa Fall

— . Elytra only one-fourth longer than broad in female, pile of

a double type, a few widely scattered longer and darker hairs

with a denser clothure of rather short white pile, white scales

of disk of elytra in female arranged in a lineate manner, a more

or less complete sutural vitta and a short vitta extending back

from each humerus (poorly defined in male). E. San Diego

Co., Calif robusta, n. sp.

Cimbocera cinerea Van Dyke, new species

Oblong, robust, black, antennse and tarsi a bit rufous, densely

clothed with somewhat large, pearly white or brown, imbricated

scales, and with rather short setae concentrated in irregular rows

on the elytra and scattered over the rest of the body. Head two-

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[vOL. XI, NO. 1

fifths longer than prothorax; front flattened, rather sparsely punc-

tured, transverse impression at base of rostrum feeble; rostrum

broad, about a fourth broader than long, flattened above and almost

continuous on same plane with front, depressed at apex, the nasal

plate well developed, with a fine median longitudinal groove gen-

erally concealed beneath the scales; eyes almost circular, quite

convex; the scrobes deep, arched and continuous almost to lower

angle of eyes, outer funicular segments transverse, the seventh

longer, companulate, close to club and similarly clothed with golden

pile. Prothorax a fourth broader than long, base and apex trans-

verse, sides well rounded, feebly constricted before apex, post-ocular

lobes feeble, the disk convex with sparse erect setae. Elytra three

times length of prothorax and about one-fourth longer than broad,

oval; striae shallowly impressed and rather finely, closely punctured,

both to a great extent concealed by the scales and with the setae

much inclined. Beneath with suture on metapleurae well defined

below elytra and suture between first and second abdominal sclerites

strongly arcuate^ at middle. Length 7.5 mm., breadth 3.5 mm.

Holotype (No. 3917, Mus. C. A. S. Ent.) and one paratype in

Van Dyke collection, collected by myself at Grand Junction, Col,,

June 12, 1926.

This species is readily separated from its fellows by being

broader and flatter, with imbricated scales, as well as by the

characters given in the Key.

Cimbocera robusta Van Dyke, new species

Robust, black, densely clothed with scales arranged in a tes-

sellated manner, those of the head, sides of body, undersurface and

legs silvery white, those of the pronotum mixed white and black,

the latter more or less concentrated in a broad transverse median

bar, while those of the disk of elytra are black except for a complete

vitta of white scales on the sutural intervals and an incomplete

vitta on the fourth intervals reaching back from the base; in addi-

tion the legs and upper surface are furnished with sparse, large,

dark and suberect hair and the elytra also with a denser, shorter,

white, suberect pile. Head at least one^fourth longer than prothorax,

front convex, transverse impression at base of rostrum pronounced ;

rostrum almost as broad as long, arcuate and depressed at apex, the

nasal plate lunate and not depressed; eyes rather large, much flat-

tened; scrobes deep, arcuate, wider behind and ending well in front

of eyes; funicular segments 3-7 very transverse and close together,

the seventh close to, but distinct from club, yet similarly clothed

with golden pile. Prothorax a fifth broader than long, base and

apex transverse; sides very arcuate, constricted before apex, post

ocular lobes well defined, disk quite convex. Elytra broadly ellip-

tical, two and a half times length of prothorax and slightly more

Jan., 1935]

VAN DYKE— BRACK YRHININ.®

than one-fifth longer than broad; disk moderately convex, declivity

abrupt, striae narrowly and distinctly impressed and moderately

coarsely, closely punctured, the intervals flat. Beneath with the

metasternal side pieces without dividing' suture observable below

elytra and the suture between first and second ventral segments

strongly arcuate at middle. Length 6 mm., breadth 3 mm.

Holotype female, allotype male (Nos. 3918, 3933, Mus. C.A.S.

Ent.) and five female paratypes. The first is a specimen from the

F. E. Blaisdell collection, collected by C. C. Searl in Mason

Valley, San Diego Co., California, April 1, 1928. The allotype

male and two of the paratypes weire taken at the same time and

place. Three other paratypes were collected in the San Fillipe

Valley, San Diego Co., Calif., Mch. 27, 1934, by A. Watson. The

male and one of the paratypes were submitted to me by the

San Diego Natural History Society, and the remainder by F. R.

Platt. The male is much narrower than the female, not globose,

of a dark reddish brown color with rufous legs (probably imma-

ture) and with the white scales of prothorax and elytra not

conspicuous. The paratypes are all similar to the type as regards

character, hut variable as to size, one of them being 8 mm. long

by 4 mm. broad.

The distinguishing characters of this species are its robustness,

broad rostrum, double type of pile, color pattern, and absence of

metasternal suture. Mason Valley is on the eastern side of the

San Bernardino range of mountains in southern California, there-

fore a part of the so-called Colorado Desert and on the! extreme

western margin of the Great Basin.

Cimbocera cons per sa Fall is, as I have mentioned previously, a

very distinct species! and not a variety of pauper Horn as stated

by Pierce. The veiry broad rostrum, more transverse prothorax,

more prominent humeri, color pattern and absence of metapleural

suture below elytra, very distinct in pauper, readily distinguishes

it. The nasal plate and suture between the first and second abdom-

inal sclerites are variable characters and of no systematic value

here. I have examined carefully somewhat over fifty specimens

from Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, Arizona and Nevada and,

though I can notice slight differences in form here and there, as

well as variations of the nasal plate, abdominal suture, and other

minor characters, find that as regards all essentials they are

absolutely the same. Cimbocera sericea Pierce is such a weak

phase of cons per sa that I would suppress it altogether. The varia-

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[vOL. XI, NO. 1

tions of the metajSternal side pieces with regard to the suture

seems to indicate, as has been shown in Panscopus by Buchanan,

that it is not always of generic value.

Miloderes argenteus Van Dyke, new species

Moderately robust, black, densely clothed with silvery white or

brown, imbricated scales, the white' dominating beneath and the

brown above, and also densely pilose above, the hair long, fine,

fulvous, and semier'ect. Head about one-fourth longer than pro-

thorax, front slightly convex, granulose, transverse impression at

base of rostrum feeble; rostrum broad, about a fourth narrower

than long, flattened above, with a median longitudinal groove

extending back to middle of front, and depressed at apex, the nasal

plate triangular and depressed; eyes rather large and somewhat

convex; scrobes deep, broad, arched behind and evanescent well

before the eyes; outer funicular segments obconical, a bit longer

than broad, the seventh larger, conical, close to club and similarly

clothed. Prothorax about an eighth broader than long, base trun-

cate and apex feebly arcuate, sides rounded, broadest in front of

middle, post ocular lobes feeble, disk convex, constricted forwards,

elytra broadly elliptical, declivity abrupt, somewhat more than two

and a half times length of prothorax and over a third longer than

broad, the striee feebly impressed and rather finely, closely punc-

tured though to a great extent concealed by squamae, and intervals

flat. Beneath with suture of metasternal side pieces distinct below

elytra, with first ventral segment triangularly impressed posteri-

orly at middle and suture between it and second ventral arcuate.

Length 6.5 mm., breadth 2.75 mm.

Holotype (No. 3919, Mus. C. A. S. Ent.) and four paratypes,

one somewhat larger, collected by myself at Grand Junction, Col.,

June 12, 1926.

This species differs from setosus Csy. in the proportions of the

body, color of scales, in the closely placed strial punctures and

practical absence of punctures on the intervals.

Miloderes apparently differs fundamentally from Cimhocera

only in having the third tarsal segments suddenly and broadly

dilated. The two genera, however, differ considerably from other

genera in the tribe in having the seventh funicular segment almost

a part of the club and in having the tarsi setose below, not densely

pilose below on the third segments. The species of each also show

a tendency to diverge to a greater degree as regards certain char-

acters considered fundamental elsewhere, than is the case with

the species of most of the other genera with which they are asso-

Jan., 1935] dyke— brachyrhinin.® 5

ciated. Perhaps it is the stress of the desert environment which is

accountable for this.

Genus Melanolemma Van Dyke, new genus

Body elongate’, elytra densely squamose and non-pilose except

minutely on apical declivity, the rest of the body more sparsely

squamose and sparsely setose. Rostrum as long as head, base nar-

rower than interocular area, the apex with alse broader, transverse

basal impression shallow, a feeble, short and triangular lateral

groove in front of eyes, tip feebly emarginate, the nasal plate dis-

tinct, the supports of deciduous pieces of mandibles not prominent,

the eyes large, broadly elliptical and slightly convex; scrobes deep,

well defined, rather long and directed beneath and towards lower

angle of eyes, the antennae moderately long, setose, not squamose,

the scape clavate, reaching middle of eye, funicle 7-segmented, 1-2

about three times as long as broad, the first longer and more robust,

3-7 shorter, gradually broader, the seventh well separated from

club, club oval and pointed at apex. Prothorax transverse, truncate

at base and apex, sides well rounded, disk coarsely rugose and

granular. Scutellum small and transverse. Elytra with basal margin

transverse, not carinated, humeral angles small and obtuse, ellipti-

cal, strio-punctate. Metasternum short, side pieces with suture

obliterated; intercoxal process arcuate in front; second abdominal

sclerite as long as the two following united and separated from the

first by a suture distinctly arcuated at middle. Femora moderately

pedunculated, anterior and middle tibige mucronate at tip, the

former feebly denticulate within, the hind tibiae with corbels open

and non-truncate at apex; the tarsi with third segment broad and

bilobed and densely pubescent beneath.

Genotype: Melanolemma montana, new species.

This genus belongs before Peritaxia from which it may be

separated by the absence of the dense elytral pile and coarse strial

punctures. It also has the scrobes slightly more open behind than

in Peritaxia, lacks the latter’s distinct supports to the deciduous

mandibular pieces, the deep transverse rostral impression, the

pronounced angled humeri and generally carinated basal margin

to the elytra. From Dyslobus, certain of the black species of which

it often quite closely mimics, it differs by the much longer and

better defined scrobes, less pronounced postocular lobes and

absence of suture between metastemal side pieces.

Melanolemma montana Van Dyke, new species

Elongate, black, elytra densely squamose but not pilose, the rest

of the body less markedly squamose and rather sparsely provided

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[vOL. XI, NO. 1

with, short setae. Head about an eig:hth longer than prothorax, front

flattened and rather finely, deeply punctured, a feeble transverse

impression at base of rostrum, a pronounced fovea between the

eyes, the rostrum almost straight, flattened above, depressed at apex

and coarsely irregularly punctured. Prothorax about a fifth broader

than long, apex but little narrower than base, the sides evenly

arcuate, the disk convex, and coarsely rugose-granulate, with a few

scattered scales, and sometimes a narrow median longitudinal

impression. Elytra less than three times as long as prothorax,

about three-tenths longer than broad, base transverse, humeral

angles small and obtuse, general contour somewhat elliptical though

sides almost parallel at middle; disk convex, declivity rounded

though abrupt, strise finely impressed and moderately, somewhat

closely punctured, intervals flat, densely tessellated with small,

black scales, the apical declivity set with a few minute setse.

Undersurface of prothorax coarsely rugose, afterbody more or less

granular as result of squamose vestiture, and sparsely pilose, the

hair short and oblique, apex of last ventral somewhat impressed,

apparently so in both sexes. Length 9 mm., breadth 3.25 mm.

Holotype (No. 3920, Mus. C. A. S. Ent.) and numerous desig-

nated paratypes from a set of twenty-one specimens, collected by

myself from beneath rocks near Long Peak Inn., Colo., alt.

9000 ft., June 30 and July 1, 1926. Several of the specimens were

found dead and some of these showed elytral perforations sugges-

tive of emergency holes of parasites.

This insect is as stated before, suggestive of certain of the black

species of Dyslohus but readily separable by the generic charac-

ters. From the species of Pseudorimus and Crocidema, previously

discussed, it differs also by the generic characters such as the

long, deep scrobes pointing toward lower angle of eyes, the scape

only reaching middle of eyes, not posterior margin, the evident

humeral angles as well as by the coarsely rugose prothorax.

Peritaxia brevipilis Van Dyke, new species

Rather small, narrow, elongate'; piceous, antennae, tibiae and tarsi

somewhat rufous; clothed throughout with rather large scales,

imbricated, very dense on elytra, and mixed dark brown and opal-

escent, and setiferous, the set^ of head short and sparse, of pro-

thorax a bit longer, denser and suberect, while those of the elytra

are still longer, about as long as breadth of elytral intervals, and

suberect. Head almost a fourth longer than prothorax, densely

squamose, front feebly convex, transverse impression at base of

rostrum marked, rostrum with base elongate', parallel, as wide as

interocular space and slightly wider apically, its upper surface

straight though feebly depressed at apex. Prothorax about as

VAN DYKE— BRACHYRHININ^

Jan., 1935]

broad as long, base transverse, apex feebly arcuate, sides broadly

rounded, disk convex, rather coarsely, irregularly punctured giving

the surface a very uneven appearance. Elytra about twice as long

as prothorax and three-sevenths longer than broad, the base trans-

verse, with upper margin subcarinate, the humeri prominent, right

angled; disk convex, declivity straight, almost vertical, striae finely

impressed, the strial punctures moderate and rather closely placed,

coarser at sides. Undersurface moderately squamose, the first and

second ventral segments longitudinally sulcate at middle and last

with transverse foveiform impression. Length 6.5 mm., breadth

2.5 mm.

Holotype male (No. 3921, Mus. C. A. S. Ent.) and paratype

male, collected by J. 0. Martin, at Cave Creek, Chiricahua Mts.,

Ariz., June 20, 1932.

This species in shape simulates some of the other narrower

species of the genus like perforata Csy. but is much smaller. The

short setiferous pile of uniform type and length on the elytra,

however, readily separates it from that species as well as from all

other described species, these having pile of a double type, much

finer and with the longer hairs very much longer.

Dyslobus argillous Van Dyke, new species

Short, robust, piceous, antennae and legs somewaht rufous;

densely clothed with clay colored scales and moderately long, simi-

larly colored, semierect pile, the scales at sides of prothorax and

elytra lighter in color and the pile on tibiae and tarsi of a golden

hue. Head finely punctured but punctures concealed by scales, front

feebly convex, rostrum twice as long as broad, separated from head

by shallow transverse impression, the upper surface gradually nar-

rowed to well developed alae; eyes moderate in size, broadly ellipti-

cal; antennal scape reaching hind margin of eye, first and second

funicular segments long, 3-7 transverse and gradually increasing

in width outwardly, club cordiform, about two and a half times as

long as broad. Prothorax a fifth broader than long, apex one-

fourth narrower than base, sides well rounded, feebly constricted

before apex, post ocular lobes well developed, disk evenly convex,

densely squamose, the scales in great part concealing punctuation,

the pile dense and uniformly inclined. Elytra two and a half

times as long as prothorax, two-sevenths broader than prothorax

and three-tenths longer than it is broad, base almost transverse, as

broad as broadest part of prothorax, humeral angles rectangular

but not projecting, the sides feebly sinuate just back of angles

thence gradually arcuate to apex, disk convex, evenly arcuate from

base to apex, striae finely and distinctly impressed, the strial punc-

tures fine, approximate and each with a minute golden seta, the

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XI, NO. 1

intervals flat, broad and of about equal width, densely squamose

and with pile irregularly arranged in rows. Beneath more sparsely

squamose and pilose than above, the last ventral segment obtusely

carinate. Anterior tibiae feebly denticulate within and apex consid-

erably bent inwardly. Length 8 mm., breadth 3.5 mm.

Holotypel female (No. 3922, Mus. C. A. S. Ent.) and paratype

female received from Charles Liebeck. They were collected in

Utah.

This species would run in my key to species of Dyslohus*, previ-

ously mentioned, close to tanneri and blaisdelli. At first sight it

can be separated from either by its color and breadth, especially

the breadth of the base of elytra. From tanneri, it differs in addi-

tion by the non-verrucose pronotum and the dense pilosity; and

from blaisdelli, by its broader head and rostrum, more evenly

arcuate elytra, the declivity in blaisdelli being quite precipitous,

and the slightly shorter, more rigid and regular type of pilosity.

Adaleres flandersi Van Dyke, new species

Of moderate size, elongate, black, densely clothed with small

brown or even silvery scales, arranged in a tessellated manner,

and with short curved and scattered setae. Head over a fifth longer

than prothorax, front flattened; eyes large, feebly convex; shallow

transverse impression at base of rostrum, the rostrum almost twice

as long as head proper, feebly, longitudinally carinate at middle

and with two vague lateral sulci, base with sides parallel, alae grad-

ually dilated; scrobes deep, straight and almost reaching lower

margin of eye, the scape long, somewhat abruptly clavate and

reaching posterior margin of eye, first funicular segment a fourth

longer than second and about three times as long as broad, seg-

ments 3-6 gradually shorter though not transverse, the seventh

longer and broader, twice as long as broad, and free from club,

the latter fusiform and about two and a half times as long as

broad. Prothorax a fifth broader than long, base transverse,

apex feebly lobed, post ocular lobes prominent, sides obliquely

divergent forwards to beyond middle thence arcuate and feebly

constricted just before apex, the disk rugose. Elytra about

three times as long as prothorax, two-sevenths wider, and

less than twice as long as wide, somewhat elliptical though

widest back of middle and pointed apically, the disk moderately

flattened above, the declivity oblique, the strise not impressed, but

the strial punctures' conspicuous, moderate in size, elongate, regu-

larly arranged in rows yet distant one from another and each lodg-

ing a minute hairlike scale, the immediate area surrounding the

puncture also shallowly impressed giving the elytra a wavy appear-

ance especially at the sides, the alternate intervals more elevated

Jan., 1935]

VAN DYKE— BRACHYRHININ.®

and convex especially at sides and at declivity, the even flat, and

with a limited number of short, curved, black or white setas irregu-

larly scattered over the surface.

Holotype (No. 3923, Mus. C. A. S. Ent.) and three paratypes in

my collection, given to me some years ago by Mr. Stanley Flan-

ders who collected them at Saticoy, Ventura Co., California.

This species is distinctly smaller than either of the other species

and differs in addition by having a more transverse and markedly

rugose prothorax, only occasionally rugose in humeralis, by hav-

ing the sixth funicular segment but little longer than broad while

considerably longer in the other species. Adaleres ovipermis has

the general surface more even, the striae as a rule well defined and

the strial punctures more numerous and closer together. Adaleres

humeralis superficially more closely resembles it because of the

more elevated odd intervals of the elytra and is also to be found

in the same general territory but it too has the striae better defined,

the strial punctures more numerous and closer together, the

elytral setae far more abundant, and the elytral declivity straighter

and more vertical. The features that most attract attention in

flandersi are the wavy surface of the elytra, the well spaced strial

punctures, the sparse setae and generally smaller size.

Panscopus johnsoni Van Dyke, new species

Of moderate size, piceous, antennae and tarsi rufous, densely

clothed with small scales and the head, pronotum, and alternate

elytral intervals also ornamented with short, curved and clavate

setae, most evident on the elytral declivity, the scales either brown

or a bright green, the latter giving the basic color and the former

arranged as irregular maculations or broad oblique bands. Head

flattened, the flattening continuing on to the upper surface of

rostrum, a small fovea between eyes; rostrum rather long and

narrow, about three times length of head, sub-cylindrical at basal

two-thirds and dilated apically; eyes moderately large, narrowed

below and finely granular ; antennse with scape setose, not at all

squamose, gradually clavate and reaching but little beyond front

margin of eye, second funicular segment longer than first, the fol-

lowing elongate moniliform, not robust. Prothorax just perceptibly

broader than long in males and distinctly broader in females, sides

moderately arcuate, slightly constricted near apex; disk deeply

longitudinally sulcate at middle, the bounding carinse more pro-

nounced in front, the general surface uneven and irregularly

studded with small tubercles which are often hard to see because

of the scaly covering. Elytra cordiform, narrower in males where

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[vOL. XI, NO. 1

they are but little broader at humeri than prothorax though con-

siderably broader in females, the base not thickened, the disk with

odd intervals elevated into pronounced carime, the even intervals

flat and with a row of rather large, well spaced punctures on either

side, each puncture closed with a very large rounded scale, much

larger than the usual elytral scales and each colored in agreement

with its surroundings. Beneath, the metaepisternal suture is largely

obliterated, only well defined near hind coxse; the abdominal seg-

ments are five in each sex; the pleurae and sides of ventral plates

in front are clothed with the usual type of scale but the scales over

the middle portions are more or less linear, gradually getting finer

and more hairlike posteriorily. Legs rather delicate. Male, length

7.5 mm., breadth 2.75 mm.; female, length 8 mm.; breadth 3.5 mm.

Holotype male, allotype female (Nos. 3924, 3934, Mus. C. A. S.

Ent.) and nine paratypes collected by myself at Humptulips,

Wash., May 29, 1914.

This very distinct and beautiful green species looks like a

diminutive Pan5copu5 {Phymatinus) gemmatus (Lee.). It should

follow maculosus Blatch. in Buchanan’s Key® and precede the

other members from western North America. I have named it in

honor of my dear old friend, the late Professor 0. B. Johnson,

the pioneer entomologist of the Pacific Northwest.

A New “Nomenclator Zoologicus”

The Council of the Zoological Society of London has ap-

proved a scheme for the preparation of as complete a list as

possible of all the generic names that have been used in Zoology

from the tenth edition of Linnaeus up to and including the litera-

ture for 1935. It is anticipated that this may involve some

190,000 names, but it is hoped that it will be found possible to

publish it, at a moderate price, about the end of 1937. All sys-

tematists and others throughout the world interested in such a

work are invited to report any names of genera or subgenera

(with a reference to the original place of publication) that

appear to have been omitted from existing records or catalogues.

These should be sent as soon as possible to: — Dr. S. A. Neave,

Imperial Institute of Entomology, 41, Queen’s Gate, London,

S. W. 7, England.

® A Review of Panscopus by L. I. Buchanan, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., Vol. 29

(1927), pp. 27-30.

Jan., 1935]

LINSLEY— PLEOCOMA

NEW SPECIES OF PLEOCOMA WITH NOTES

CONCERNING OTHERS

(Coleoptera, ScarabaeidEe)

BY E. GORTON LINSLEY

University of California

Pleocoma bicolor Linsley, new species

Broadly oval, robust, head and prothorax piceous, elytra reddish-

brown, densely clothed beneath with long, golden pubescence. Head

piceous; clypeus coarsely punctured, clothed with short, stiff, sub-

erect, yellowish-brown setae, anterior margin deeply incised; pre-

ocular lobes narrowly rounded at apex, smooth; frontal horn only

feebly narrowed to thei apex, densely clothed with long, flying,

golden pubescence, slightly incised at apex. Antennae with scape

moderately stout, subconical, second segment small, transverse,

third three times as long as broad, sixth with a short lamellate

process about one-half as long as the diameter of the segment,

seventh with a longer process about twice as long as the diameter

of the segment, lamellae of segments eight to eleven well developed,

one-third longer than segments two to eight taken together. Pro-

notum piceous, slightly more than twice as broad as long, sides

broadly rounded anteriorly, sinuate posteriorly; punctures shallow,

irregular, not dense. Scutellum reddish brown, glabrous, shining,

impunctate. Elytra broadly rounded, widest behind the middle,

uniformly reddish brown; geminate striae only vaguely indicated;

punctures shallow, sparse, irregular. Body beneath densely clothed

with very long golden pubescence. Legs robust, densely pubescent;

posterior tarsi slightly longer than tibiae. Length 26-28 mm.,

breadth 14-16 mm.

Holotype male (No. 3925, C. A. S. Ent.) and one paratype

male, taken at Radford, San Bernardino County, California,

November, 1934, by Mr. Ashley C. Brown.

In color this fine species suggests .P. ulkei Horn and P. ore-

gonensis Leach, but differs from each of these in the feebly indi-

cated geminate striae of the elytra. It also resembles P. hadia Fall,

but may be distinguished by the four-segmented antennal club,

short third segment of the antenna, and piceous head and pro-

notum. P. hicolor is much more closely related to P. australis

Fall, but may be readily separated by the pale elytra (as in

P. hadia Fall), the long, golden pubescence (in australis the

pubescence is shorter and reddish-brown) , the shallowly and

irregularly punctured pronotum (as compared with the more

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[vOL. XI, NO. 1

regular, coarse, and moderately deep punctures in australis) , and

by the distinctly longer lamellae composing the antennal club.

These latter are at least one-third longer than segments two to

eight (taken together) in P. bicolor, and scarcely as long as seg-

ments two to eight in P. australis. Other minor differences are

the more robust form of hicolor, the shorter third segment of the

antennae (not as long as fourth and fifth together), and the pres-

ence of small lamellae on the sixth and seventh antennal segments.

This is the first recorded species of Pleocoma from the San

Bernardino (s. str.) mountain range of southern California.

Pleocoma sonomae Linsley, new species

Male: Broadly-oval, robust, piceous, shining", densely clothed

beneath with long, yellowish pubescence. Head piceous; palpi rufo-

testaceous, last segment cylindrical; clypeus coarsely punctured,

sparsely clothed with short, stiff, suberect setae, anterior margin

deeply incised; frontal horn rather broad, sides subparallel to apex

which is feebly emarginate; antennae rufo-testaceous, scape mod-

erately stout, second segment slightly transverse, third one-third

longer than broad, fourth and fifth subequal, about as long as

broad, sixth slightly transverse, apex acute but without an external

process, seventh with a short external process about as long as the

diameter of the segment, segments eight to eleven forming the

club, the lamella of the eighth shorter than the others. Pronotum

twice as wide as long, sides broadly rounded, disk with moderately

fine, not dense, punctuation. Scutellum piceous, shining, finely,

sparsely punctured. Elytra broadly oval, widest at apical one-third,

sutural strias moderately impressed, geminate striae not deep. Body

beneath densely clothed with very long yellow pubescence. Legs

robust, densely pubescent; posterior tarsi subequal in length to

tibiae. Length 23 mm., breadth 15 mm.

Female: Robust, ovate, reddish-brown, clothed beneath with

long, yellowish hairs. Clypeal horn short, emarginate at apex;

antennae short, funicular segments four to six bead-like, not acute

at apex, segment seven acute at apex but without an external

process, eight to eleven forming the rather loose club, the lamella

on segment eight shorter than the others. Length 41 mm., breadth

22 mm.

Holotype male (No. 3926, C. A. S. Ent.), allotype female (No.

3927, C. A. S. Ent.) and a fine series of paratypes of both sexes

taken in Sonoma County, California, in October and November,

1928, by Mr. E. R. Leach. The writer is very much indebted to

Mr. Leach for the privilege of studying this species and for the

loan of other material incorporated in the present paper.

Jan., 1935]

LINSLEY— PLEOCOMA

P. sonomce resembles P. hehrensi LeConte in color, but may be

distinguished by the broadly-oval (rather than oblong-oval),

robust form, the broad, subparallel frontal horn, more deeply

impressed sutural striae of the elytra, and in the structure of the

antennae (see figs. 1, la, 2, 2a). In typical hehrensi, the antennal

club is practically five-segmented, that is, the lamella of the sev-

enth segment is more than one-half as long as that of the eighth

segment, and there is a short process on the sixth segment. In

sonomce, however, the antennal club is simply four-segmented,

with the lamella of the eighth segment perceptibly shorter than

the others, a short process on the seventh segment, and segments

four to six without an external process of any kind. In antennal

characters ( $ and $ ) P. sonomce agrees much more closely

with P. rickseckeri Horn, but may be readily separated by the

larger size, piceous rather than black, color, and the long, yel-

lowish pubescence of the underside of the body.

Pleocoma tularensis Leach

Mr. A. C. Davis has recently suggested to both Mr. Leach and

the writer that P. tularensis ia( the true P. fimhriata of LeConte.

With this opinion I cannot concur. LeConte, in 1856, described

fimhriata from a much battered individual collected in California

by Dr. Heermann. The exact locality where the type was col-

lected is not known, but LeConte had the specimen in his collec-

tion long before he published its description and Sierran material

from those early days invariably came from the mining regions,

frequently from Placerville. That fimhriata came from the north-

ern portion of the state is confirmed by Hom^ who states in regard

^ Horn, G. H. 1888, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. XV, p. 6.

to this species that it “occurs in El Dorado County,” and by Dr.

Fair who remarks, “Three males in my collection from El Dorado

2 Fall, H. H. 1911, Ent. News XXII, p. 66.

Co. are undoubtedly typical representatives of fimhriata^

Although Horn (l.c.) said of fimhriata, “also in Fresno County,

Cal.,” it is quite possible that the latter locality refers to an

example of tularensis rather than fimhriata. In any event, the

antenna figured by Horn for the latter species is of the type found

in El Dorado specimens. The type of P. fimhriata is in a very

poor state of preservation, but the shape of the pronotum is

sufiicient to show that it is not of the tularensis type.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[vOL. XI, NO. 1

If, as seems reasonable to believe, El Dorado County examples

may be taken as typical P. fimbriata, then P. tularensis is quite

distinct. It differs markedly in the shape of the pronotum and

structure of the antennae (see figs. 3, 3a). In fimbriata the

lamellae of the antennae are, even to the naked eye, distinctly

shorter than in tularensis, and the funicular segments bead-like

and distinct. In tularensis the funicular segments are cylindrical,

with only the suture indicating the division between the third and

fourth segments. These differences prove to be constant in a series

of over one hundred examples examined. Mr. Leach has recently

obtained additional examples of tularensis from Springville and

Bass Lake (coll, by Mr. F. T. Scott).

Pleocoma behrensi LeConte

In the fall of 1934, this species had three distinct flight periods

in the hills back of Berkeley and Oakland, California. The first

male flight occurred on October 21, when there was a rainfall of

.39 inches. This flight was short, lasting only one day, and with

only a few individuals (males) in evidence. The second flight

lasted for two days (October 31-November 1) . At this time many

females ope|ned their burrows and appeared near the surface of

the ground. The third and largest flight, however, occurred on

November 14 and 15. During the week following this flight, large

numbers of both sexes were taken in the ground. The rainfall

record and Pleocoma activity may be summarized as follows:

Dates

Rainfall

Comment

Sept. 23-24

.04

First rain of fall season. No flight.

Oct. 6

.05

No flight.

Oct. 21

.39

Small $ S flight; $ $ not in evidence.

Oct. 31-Nov. 1

.62

Good S S flight; $ $ found in ground.

Nov. 4

.09

No flight; S $ and $ $ found in

ground.

Nov. 14^15

.77

Large $ $ flight; $ $ and $ ? found

in ground.

Nov. 17-18

2.00

No flight; 9 9 found in ground.

Nov. 22-23

.20

No flight; no holes visible on surface

of ground.

Jan., 1935]

LINSLEY— PLEOCOMA

Pleocoma shastensis Van Dyke

A single Pleocoma taken at Redding, Calif., in October, 1934,

and very kindly presented to the writer by Prof. W. B. Herms,

has been tentatively placed as a variety of this species. It agrees

with shastensis in most essential respects, differing mainly in

having a narrower prothorax, the clypeus scarcely at all emargi-

nate at the apex, and the pubescence black instead of brown.

I A

Antennae of Pleocoma

Fig. 1 — Pleocoma behrensi LeConte, male; la — female; 2 — Pleo-

eoma sonomce Linsley, male; 2a — female; 3 — Pleocoma fimbriata

LeConte, male; 3a — Pleocoma tvlarensis Leach, male.

On the Occurrence of Some California Cerambycid^

Neohellamira sequoice Hopping. This species, recently de-

scribed from Sequoia National Park, has been captured near

Carrville, Trinity Co., Calif., by Mr. Fred R. Platt. Although

occurring over six hundred miles from the type locality, the

Carrville specimen differs only in color from the typical form

of the species.

Pogonocherus arizonicus Schffr. Through the kindness of Mr.

Ralph Hopping I have recently examined the specimen on which

he based his California record (1931, Pan-Pacific Ent., 7:105),

for this species. The example proves to be P. propinquus Fall,

and arizonicus should therefore be removed from our California

lists. — E. Gorton Linsley.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[vOL. XI, NO. 1

Perhaps This Is Why

In a book recently published by one of our active young ento-

mologists he deplores the tendency shown by the editors of our

entomological journals to accept only short papers, thus often

making it necessary for an author to split up what should have

been a monographic work into a number of more or less discon-

nected articles. From his remarks one might infer a criticism

on the management of these journals although he probably did

not have that in mind. Of course this is purely a financial

problem and it is probable that no one regrets more than the

editors the necessity of turning down these monographic papers.

There are not too many entomological journels in this coun-

try and probably there are enough active entomologists to give

them sufficient support so they could handle these longer papers.

The difficulty seems to be that most of our entomologists are

connected with some institution or government activity that sub-

scribes to at least a part of these journals and they do not carry

personal subscriptions. If the entomologists connected with such

institutions do not feel it incumbent upon themselves to support

the journals they should not feel surprised if these journals have

to limit the length of the papers they can publish. We have

in mind one such institution where one of our journals had six

subscribers among its staff. Then a subscription was placed in

the name of the institution and five of that staff cancelled their

subscriptions, only one having loyalty enough to continue his.

This is but one example, there are many more. If each pro-

fessional entomologist would carry a subscription to a portion

of the entomological journals used by him, these, with a certain

number of subscriptions from amateur workers, would place our

journals in a position where they could publish longer papers

and issue them more promptly. This is submitted as a sugges-

tion for the consideration of those writers who chafe under the

very annoying delays in publication and the serious restrictions

placed on the length of papers, made absolutely necessary under

present conditions. — E. P. Van Duzee.

Jan., 1935]

SLOOP— PLASTOCERIN^

THREE NEW SPECIES OF PLASTOCERIN^

WITH NOTES CONCERNING OTHERS

( Coleopter a, E lateridse )

BY KENNETH D. SLOOP

University of Califomia

During thei past several years some interesting data have been

accumulated regarding the Plastocerince. It seems advisable to

make this information known at this time along with the descrip-

tion of three species new to science.

Plastocerus maclayi Sloop, new species

Elongate, head and thorax black, elytra brown. Head closely,

coarsely punctured, somewhat cribrate; antennse extending beyond

hind angles of prothorax to basal one-fifth of elytra, median anten-

nal processes six times as long as segment, basal processes five

times as long as segment. Eye small, sub-hemispherical. Front only

slightly convex, clypeus subtruncate, head covered with long whit-

ish pile. Pronotum as long as broad, closely, coarsely punctuate;

entire surface covered with long rufous pile. Hind angles short,

carinate, acute and strongly divergent; lateral margins strongly

arcuate, somewhat expanded in front of middle. Scutellum; entirely

finely punctate. Elytra slightly more than three times as long as

broad; entire surface densely covered with rufousi pile. Striae well

impressed, intervals convex and sparsely punctate especially on

disk; sides parallel for first two-thirds then gradually narrowing

to apex. Legs and ventral surface brown, clothed with short

recumbent, rufous pile. Length 13 mm., width 3 mm.

Holotype, male (No. 3928, C. A. S. Ent.), collected near Palm-

dale, California, July 18, 1934, from the California Juniper,

Juniperus calif ornica Carr, by Mr. A. T. McClay, who very kindly

presented the specimen to me for study and to whom I dedicate

this fine species. There is one designated paratype in the collec-

tion of the California Academy of Sciences, taken by Mr. Thomas

Craig at Little Rock Dam, Los Angeles County, California, June

19, 1927.

P. maclayi in Dr. Van Dyke’s^ table runs to P. amplicollis

Van Dyke. It may be compared with amplicollis as follows: the

antennae in maclayi extend beyond the hind angles of the pro-

thorax while in amplicollis they do not reach the hind angles ;

^ Van Dyke, E. O., 1932, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ser. 4, XX, p. 457,

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[vOL. XI, NO. 1

the median processes of the antennae are about six times as long

as the segments while in amplicollis they are four times the

length of the segments, the eyes are much smaller than in ampli-

collis, the thorax has a short suhangulate wing on the sides

slightly in front of the middle, in amplicollis the sides are sud-

denly expanded in front into two truncate, wing-like processes;

the elytra are gradually rounded from middle to apex, while

in amplicollis the elytra are suddenly rounded at apex. P.

maclayi is readily separated from P. schaumi Lee., by the longer

antennae, longer antennal processes, and the expanded sides of

the thorax. In schaumi the sides of the thorax are suddenly

arcuate at middle.

Plastocerus pullus Sloop, new species

Elongate, thorax and elytra black. Head closely, cribrately

punctured, antennae extending almost to hind angles of thorax,

median antennal processes, black, slightly more than four and

one-half times as long as segments, eyes small, sub-hemispherical.

Front convex, clypeus. sub-arcuate; entire head clothed with long

erect pile. Thorax slightly broader than long, densely clothed

with long, erect, rufous pile, coarsely, cribrately punctured; the

sides abruptly expanded in front of middle into a short arcuate

wing-like process; hind angles divergent, feebly carinate and

acute. Scutellum cribrately punctured and densely clothed with

rufous pile. Elytra nearly three times as long as broad, striae

not well impressed; intervals convex, finely sparsely punctate.

Sides parallel for first two-thirds thence gradually rounding to

apex. Ventral surface black and shining, clothed with short,

whitish, recumbent pile; legs black, tarsi rufous. Length 11 mm.,

width 3 mm.

Holotype, male (No. 3929, C. A. S. Ent.), and five paratypes

(in the colection of the author) all collected in May, 1926 and

1927 at Santa Paula by Mr. A. S. Harrison, who kindly per-

mitted me to study the specimens.

P. pullus may be easily separated from P. amplicollis Van D.

and P. schaumi Lee., by the longer antennae, which reach to

slightly beyond the hind angles. This species is distinguished

from maclayi by the black elytra, shorter antennal process four

and one-half times the length of the segment, the more expanded

sides of the pronotum and the longer first tarsal segment of

the middle legs which is longer than the following two. In

maclayi the antennal processes are six times the length of the

Jan., 1935]

SLOOP— PLASTOCERIN AS

segment, the sides of the pronotum are only slightly expanded

and the first tarsal segment of the middle pair of legs is about

as long as the following two.

For the sake of completeness it seems advisable to include

Part 4 of Dr. Van Dyke’s table" modified to include the two

species here described.

4. A. Median antennal processes more than five times as long as

segments; length 13 mm. Palmdale, Calif maclayi n. sp.

— . Median antennal processes less than five times as long as

segments B.

B. Prothorax with sides suddenly expanded in front into two

wing-like processes, as wide at middle as at hind angles,

color brown; length 11 mm. Coalinga, California

annplicollis Van D.

— . Prothorax with sides not expanded in front into wing-

like processes, not as wide at middle as at hind angles.. ..C.

C. Eyes large, almost hemispherical, sides of prothorax

broadly feebly arcuate, elytral strias well impressed, color

brown; length 11 mm. Southern California schaumi Lee.

— . Eyes small, sides of prothorax suddenly strongly arcuate

at middle, elytral strias feebly impressed, color black;

length 11 mm. Santa Paula, California pullus n. sp.

Euthysanius brevis Sloop, new species

Robust, sub-parallel, rufous, shining, conspicuously clothed with

short, reddish, erect pile. Head coarsely, closely punctured, and

clothed with short, erect, rufous pile; eyes small, slub-hemisperi-

cal; antennae not reaching hind angles. Median antennal processes

two and one-half times as long as segment, entire antennae clothed

with long rufous pile, third segment but little longer than sec-

ond. Pronotum slightly broader at middle than long, trapizoidal,

shining, sides straight, slightly divergent to base; hind angles not

divergent, carinate, short and obtuse; disk flat, coarsely, sparsely

punctured, sides closely punctured. Scutellum elongate, obtuse at

base and apex, slightly wider at base than apex, sparsely punc-

tured and clothed with short, erect, rufous pile. Elytra almost

three times as long as broad, entire surface clothed with short,

erect, reddish pile especially at sides, shorter than abdomen, expos-

ing the last two segments; sides gradually narrowing to apex,

disk flattened, strias feebly impressed at base, rather finely, closely

punctured. Length 16 mm., width 5 mm.

Holotype, male (No. 3930, C. A. S. Ent.), and one paratype

(in the collection of the author) taken in Sutter County, Cali-

fornia, May 2, 1934, by Mr. E. R. Leach who very kindly pre-

sented the specimens to me.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. XI, NO. 1

The short elytra exposing the apex of the abdomen will sepa-

rate brevis from all the known species of Euthysanius. This

species runs to E. pretiosus Lee., in Dr. Van Dyke’s!"^ table, but

is readily separated from that species by the trapizoidal pro-

notum, the small eyes, the straight-sided thorax and short, obtuse,

non-divergent hind angles. In E. pretiosus Lee., the sides of

the thorax are somewhat arcuate and the hind angles are longer,

acute and carinate.

Recently I have received five specimens of Plastocerus ampli-

collis Van D.; all were collected in Kings County, California,

three by Mr. F. W. Nunenmacher, and two by Mr. E. S. Ross.

Euthysanius lautus Lee., is a well known species taken through-

out the southern part of California. Five specimens taken at

Oxnard, California, June 10, 1934, by Mr. R. Kitchell, differ

from typical lautus as follows: the antennal processes are shorter

and the thoracic depressions are absent; there is also a slight

difference in the length of the first tarsal segment of the hind

legs and some variation in the shape of the pronotum.

The writer is indebted to Dr. E. C. Van Dyke, of the Univer-

sity of California and Mr. E. Gorton Linsley, of the same insti-

tution, for many helpful suggestions in the preparation of this

paper.

A Convenient Pocket Book on Insects

We have recently received a copy of a new (third) edition^

of Dr. Lutz’ convenient little field book of insects. Like the

former editions this is of pocket size and contains over 500

pages of text and 100 plates. Of the latter 23 are colored, the

reproductions being remarkably true to nature. All the orders

of insects are covered without the one-sided emphasis on certain

orders so often found in books of this character. Keys are

included to most of the families and many of the genera, and

under each is a short account of one or more of the better known

species from the eastern states. On the Pacific Coast we still

have to wait for a convenient pocket book such as this. Professor

Essig’s book on Western Insects is rather too large for convenient

use in the field, although in these days of the automobile this

handicap has much less significance than it once did. All things

considered there probably is no better book to put into the hands

of the young beginner than this little book by Dr. Lutz.

* Van Dyke, E. C., 1932, Proc, Calif. Acad. Sci., Ser. 4, XX, p. 154,

^ Field Book of Insects. By Dr. Frank E. Lutz, 16mo., G. P. Putnams, $3.50.

EBEILING— A NEW SCOLYTID

Jan., 1935]

A NEW SCOLYTID BEETLE FOUND IN THE

BARK OF LEMON TREES

(Coleoptera, Scolytidge)

BY WALTER EBELING

University of California Citrus Experiment Station

In the fall of 1930, the writer became aware of some very

small scolytid beetles burrowing in the dead bark and sapwood

of lemon trees in a grove a few miles east of Orange, California.

In November, 1932, these beetles were collected in the same

grove and at that time in large numbers throughout the entire

grove. Specimens were sent to Dr. M. W. Blackman for identi-

fication. Dr. Blackman placed the beetles in the genus Hypo-

thenemus, but stated that they did not agree completely with

the types of the various species of Hypothenemus in the U. S.

National Museum. Likewise, the beetles were found to differ

from the species of Hypothenemus in Dr. Van Dyke’s collection.

Hypothenemus citri Ebeling, n. sp.

Female (figure 1). Length, 1 mm.; oblong, cylindrical, color

black (brown in the case of newly-emerged adults), antennas and

legs ochraceous to testaceous.

Head not visible from above, extending but slightly from the

anterior margin of the prothorax; antennal funicle 4-segmented,

first segment twice as long as remaining three segments and twice

as broad as either, the segments calyculate, club with four sutures,

each marked by a row of spines, suture I with an inconspicuous

septum.

Prothorax broad as long, with slightly elevated median apex,

concentrically arranged rows of protuberances, and four promi-

nent “teeth” on anterior margin, the median ones larger than

the outer; margin feebly crenate, pubescence interspersed pos-

teriorly with cuneate scales, tibia I with seven conspicuous spines

on outer margin, tibiae II and III with five spines on outer margin.

Elytral margins sinuate, feebly incurvate, broadly rounded pos-

teriorly, each elytron with eight striae inconspicuously punctured

and marked by rows of cuneate scales and closely approximate

rows of small, fine hairs. Abdomen with four visible ventral seg-

ments, the first, second, third, and fourth, subequal in length, the

second longer than the third.

Male, unknown.

THE PAN-PACIFIC! ENTOMOLOGIST

[vOL. XI, NO. 1

Type locality: Orange, California.

Type (No. 3896) and paratypes in the Museum California

Academy of Sciences, paratypes in the University of California

Citrus Experiment Station collection and the writer’s collection.

No males of the species have been found. The males in

the genus Hypothenemus are reported by Hopkins^ to be much

Xylehorus.

Figure 1. Hypothenemus citri n. sp. Left, adult; right, an-

tenna and foreleg. (Drawing of adult by Mrs. Frieda Abernathy.)

smaller than the females and rare, as in the related genus

Figure 2. Galleries of Hypothenemus dtri n. sp. in the sap-

wood of lemon.

^ Hopkins, A, D., 1915. Classification of the Cryphalinae with descriptions

of new genera and species. U. S. D. A. Report No. 99, p. 12,

Jan., 1935]

EBELING— A NEW SCOLYTID

The burrows of Hypothenemus citri n. sp. (figure 2) appear

to have no definite arrangement but wind about at randon. Upon

removing the dead bark, many burrows are exposed in the sap-

wood, although the beetles occur more abundantly in the bark.

The insects occur only in dying or dead wood, which is in

accord with the habits of the genus as far as they are known.

Members of the genus are found in dying or dead bark, seed

hulls, etc., of a great variety of plants.

The native flora nearest to the grove in which the beetles

were found is about a mile distant. The writer has been unable

to find the beetle in a number of other neglected orange and

lemon groves in various parts of southern California. The fact

that it has been found to be so abundant in a single grove and

absent in other groves favorable for its development which have

been examined, indicates that the species may have been intro-

duced from elsewhere, or that it may have recently become estab-

lished on citrus from one or more native hosts.

A NOTE ON DIANTHIDIUM SINGULARE PERLUTEUM

T. & W. CKLL.

BY CHARLES D. MICHENER

Pasadend, Calif omia

Mr. P. H. Timberlake has kindly identified as this form two

insects from my collection. He also advises me that the nest has

not hitherto been recorded. One bee is a female from Mill Creek,

San Bernardino Mts., California, August 31, 1930 (Michener,

Coll.), which agrees with Dr. Cockerell’s description (Bull. So.

Calif. Acad, of Sciences, 1904) , supplemented by that of Cresson

(Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., 1878), except that it is about 1.5 mm.

shorter and has no median black line on the last abdominal seg-

ment. The other is a male which emerged the following spring

from a nest taken at the same locality September 1, 1930 (Mich-

ener, Coll.). The following notes are added to Dr. Cockerell’s

remarks concerning the male (Proc. Calif. Acad, of Sciences,

1925).

This male resembles the female but is a little larger with the

yellow markings a little less extensive on the abdomen; pubescence

deep ochraceous, possibly because it has never been exposed to the

sun; punctures on the abdomen sparser and finer, those of the

clypeus coarser; hind coxal spines very large, nearly as long as the

rest of the coxa; posterior edges of the abdominal tergites 2 to 5

dilated and elongated posteriorly at the sides much more than in the

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[vOL. XI, NO. 1

female, these processes being largest on segments 2 to 3, where

they extend half way to the posterior edges of the following seg-

ments, their apices standing out from the sides of the following

segments; sixth segment with a narrow impunctate longitudinal

median line; pygidium yellow, except for the extreme base, and

deeply trilobed, the lateral lobes divergent, rather narrowly

rounded, narrower than the space between them and the median

lobe, with a slight angle about half way from the apex of the lobe

to the lowest part of the emargination; median lobe narrower than

the lateral, narrowly rounded (almost pointed), about equal in

length to the lateral lobes and to another narrow lobe beneath the

median, with a longitudinal impunctate line occupying the dorsal

surface of the lobe and extending about two-thirds of the way to

the base of the pygidium.

The nest from which this specimen was bred consisted of a

single cell of cemented gravel attached to the face of a large

boulder. It could not be removed entire, but its estimated size

was about 2 by 2.5 cm. The granite peb/bles used ranged from

1 to 4 mm. in diameter, and showed no special arrangement as to

size except that those forming the lining of the cell were mostly

small and presented a flat surface within. About half of the outer

surface was covered with cement, only the larger pebbles project-

ing above this coating. The cement was thin, except for this outer

layer. The cocoon was opaque, dark brown, about 14 mm. long,

with a paler brown nipple at the end from which the bee emerged.

Notes on Two Rare Elateroid Beetles

Sandalus californicus Lee. A series of eighteen specimens

of this species was captured at Cypress, Orange Co., California,

in September, 1932. The beetles were making short flights over

a field of shrubby composites and were easily collected when

they alighted on the stems of the plants.

Cero phylum convexicolle Lee. I have in my collection a

male of C. convexicolle very kindly presented by Mr. E. R.

Leach who took it in Santa Cruz County, California, on April

13, 1926. This rare species is so seldom taken that its capture

seems worthy of record. — Kenneth D. Sloop.

Jan., 1935]

VAN DUZEE— NEW HBlMIPTERA

FOUR HITHERTO UNDESCRIBED HEMIPTERA

BY El. P. VAN DUZEE

1. Okanagana sperata Van Duzee, n. sp.

Closely allied to cruentifera and magnifica but sufficiently

distinct and best characterized by comparison. It has the promi-

nent front of cruentifera and the heavily clouded apical wing

veins of magnifica. Length to tip of abdomen 31 mm., expanse

of wings 77 mm.

Head but slightly narrower than pronotum at anterior angles;

vertex with a deep narrow groove between the ocelli, narrower

and shallower in both the allied species; preocular area wanting

the oblique grooves found in magnifica] supra- antennal plate pro-

duced distally in a prominent but obtuse angle, ending obliquely

in both of the allied species. Front prominent as in cruentifera

but less inflated, the expansion of the frontal groove more dorsal

than in either of the allied species, and the anterior submarginal

groove much deeper and narrower, the raised area behind it

coarsely rugosely punctate as in cruentifera but wanting the

coarse rugae found in magnifica] median triangular posterior area

flatter than in cruentifera and without the coarse rugae found in

magnifica] metanotum behind the scutellar X broader than in

either of the other species. Wings as in magnifica (the right hind

wing has but five apical areoles in place of the usual six, the

left wing normal). Uncus as in cruentifera, wanting the small

apical hook found in magnifica] valve long as in magnifica but

more slender. Last ventral segment broadly, feebly arcuate at

apex, its transverse depression deeper than in either of the allied

species, broader and more nearly square and feebly sinuate in

magnifica, more deeply excavated in cruentifera.

Color black; incised median line on vertex and anterior lobe

of pronotum obscurely fulvous; costa nearly to apex of subcostal

areole and basal membrane pale fulvous; narrow margin of dorsal

segments 7 and 8 and extreme edge of preceding segments, widened

laterally, broader margin of ventrals, last ventral segment except

its broad base, valve except a lateral mark either side at base,

and the legs pale orange; anterior femora black at apex, middle

and hind femora and all tibiae lineate with black, at least basally;

veins of fore wings, except costal, black, the apical veins clouded

with black to basad of the tran verse veinsi; basal area brown,

bordered with black.

Holotype, No. 3895, Calif. Acad. Sci. Ent., a unique male,

taken by Mr. Sam Smith of Riverside on pine in the mountains

west of Trinity Center near Carville, Trinity Co., California,

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. XI, NO. 1

May 24, 1934, and kindly presented by him to the California

Academy of Sciences.

The heavily infuscated terminal veins will distinguish this

from cruentifera and the more swollen front from magnifica.

The conspicuous heavy vestiture found in magnifica is also promi-

nent in this species. The comparison with magnifica is made

with a paratype kindly sent to me by Mr. W. T. Davis.

2. Banasa subcamea Van Duzee, n. sp.

Size and aspect of calva Say; croceous, tinged with red on

the corium and sometimes on the head and pronotum; tergum

sanguineous. Length 10-12 mm.

Head as long as in calva but less narrowed anteriorly, coarsely,

deeply punctate, these punctures forming four lines on the base

of the vertex, but feebly indicated in calva. Pronotum impressed

within the latero-anterior margins leaving them distinctly ex-

planate; surface coarsely punctured, the punctures distant on

anterior field, closer posteriorly, forming a broken ring about the

callosities. Apex of scutellum narrower and more produced than

in calva; surface coarsely punctate, more closely toward the apex.

Elytra coarsely punctate; membrane hyaline. Antennas shorter

and thicker than in calva; segment II three-fourths the length of

III, IV and V subequal. Rostrum almost attaining hind margin

of posterior coxae. Male pygofer sinuate- truncate across the

middle of the emarginate apical margin, this margin fringed with

pale hairs. In calva this margin is subangularly emarginate with

a heavier vestiture of pale hairs. Styles obtusely triangularly

widened at apex with a narrow black edge, in calva rounded at

apex, its apical margin broadly arcuate, laterally rectilinear, the

inner angle rounded, in calva sinuate laterally forming a rounded

lobe medially. Pectus with shallow punctures, the venter nearly

smooth; ventral tubercle short and blunt as in calva.

Color ochraceous with the elytra largely sanguineous; edge

of head, expanded margins and base of pronotum, base of scutellum,

and costal margin of corium green; margin of abdomen slenderly

green with a minute black tooth at apex of each segment; antennae

rufescent beyond middle of segment III, in calva the base of V

is obviously paler.

Type, male. No. 3889, and allotype, female. No. 3890, Calif.

Acad. Sci. Ent., taken August 26, 1927, at Cave Creek, Chiricahua

Mts., Arizona, at 5,000 to 6,000 feet, by J. A. Kusche; para-

types numerous specimens taken at the same place, August 22-27,

1927, and on Washington Mts. near Nogales, Arizona, Septem-

Jan., 1935]

VAN DUZEE— NEW HEIMIPTERA

ber 7, 1927, all taken by Mr. Kusche, and one pair taken by

Mr. W. H. Mann in Ramsay Canyon, Huachuca Mts., Arizona.

I have seen this species determined as subrufescens Walker

but that is a smaller species with shorter head, feebly arcuate

latero-anteirior pronotal margins, broader scutellum, etc. It

can at once be distinguished from subcarnea by its having the

apical margin of the basal plates of the female together broadly

excavated. Banasa induta Stal from Brazil differs in its nar-

rower head, less rugosely punctate surface and bicolored pro-

notum, the sdies of which are but feebly depressed.

3. Apateticus anatarius Van Duzee, n. sp.

Closely allied to cynicus Say, a little broader with less acute

humeri and different male genitalia. Length, male 15, female

18 mm.

Head broader anteriorly than in cynicus with the sides sinu-

ate; cheeks broad and rounded at apex, somewhat surpassing the

tylus but not meeting before it, coarsely irregularly punctate, the

punctures scarcely forming rows on the vertex, or only one row

next the ocelli proximally; median length of pronotum one-third

its humeral width; humeri subacute; surface coarsely rugosely

punctate; antero-lateral margin feebly sinuate, coarsely dentate

before the angulate humeri; scutellum very roughly irregularly

punctate, more sparsely so at apex; discal area of elytra more

sparsely finely punctate. Antennae stouter than in cynicus', seg-

ment I not twice as long as thick, II longest, the proportionate

lengths are 10:45:32:36:32, IV being just a little longer than

III and V. Eostrum attaining base of hind coxae; segments as

25:30:20:25; venter sparsely weakly punctured. Median plate

of female genital segment quadrangular as in cynicus. Male

genital characters very distinct; ventral claspers produced

obliquely from a broad flattened base in a long straight linear

tongue as long as rostral segment III; dorsal clasper flat, vertical

for half its length then abruptly bent outwardly at apex and pro-

duced in a nearly terete black member, giving it a little the aspect

of a duck^s head when viewed from below; lateral papillose plates

almoist triangular, more produced than in the related species.

Color a paler yellowish than is general in related species, some-

what tinged with red on the elytra, punctures castaneous to

black, a few of a metallic green on base of vertex and at outer

end of callosities, the humeral angles and a square spot on the

connexivum either side of the sutures metallic green, reproduced

as a black line' below; membrane somewhat fuliginous.

28 the pan-pacific entomologist [voL. XI, NO. 1

Holotype, male, No. 3891, and allotype, female. No. 3892,

Calif. Acad. Sci. Ent., taken by Dr. E. D. Ball, July 23, 1932,

on the Santa Catalina Mts., Arizona.

The extent of the green puncturation on the base of the pro-

notum and scutellum undoubtedly varies in this species as it

does in hracteatus but it is merely suggested in this pair, which,

however, have the humeral angles conspicuously green. The

square median plate of the genital segment places this species

near cynicus, from which it differs widely in the form of the

male claspers. Our other two species, hracteatus and crocatus,

if I have them properly identified, differ much from these but

agree between themselves in the triangular form of the median

genital plate of the female and the form of the male claspers,

and may not be specifically distinct from one another.

This is but one of the many interesting Hemiptera turned up

by Dr. Ball during his investigations of the insect fauna of Ari-

zona. Few states have a more interesting insect fauna than Ari-

zona, due in part to the fact that Mexican representatives of

the lower Sonoran fauna there reach the northern limits of their

distribution.

4. Malezonotus grossus Van Duzee, n. sp.

Allied to sodalicius Uhl. but larger and broader with black

femora and the antennae, except the first segment, brown. Length

5.5-6.5 mm.'

Head more opaque than in sodalicius, without the bronzy glint

found in that species. Antennae thicker, clothed with minute pale

pubescence; length of segments as 6:18:15:16; segment I with a

few stiff bristles. Pronotum as long as broad measured near the

humeral angles; surface shagreened, the posterior lobe very

obscurely punctate, its length about one-third that of the anterior

lobe. Scutellum one-fourth broader than long. Clavus with three

regular rows of punctures and a few scattering ones between the

inner rows; corium irregularly punctured, the punctures fine,

closer and infuscated along the median area; membrane more or

less embrowned, with fuscous nervures. Rostrum attaining base

of middle coxae. Anterior femora strongly incrassate, with one

stout subapical tooth and one or two minute ones. Tibiae spinose

as in the allied species. Whole surface minutely golden pubscent.

Color dull black; lateral and posterior margins of pronotum

with a connecting humeral spot, extreme tip of the scutellum and

the elytra yellowish or ochraceous, the punctures on the latter

Jan., 1935]

VAN DUZEE— NEW HBMIPTERA

brown except on the costal area; median area infuscated as in

the allied species; beneath black, polished on the venter; tip of

tylus, antennal I and apex of II, acetabulse, coxae in part, tro-

chanters, apex of femora and the anterior and intermediate tibiae

fulvous yellow; rostrum fulvous, becoming' piceous at base and

apex; eyes castaneous. Described from a series of fourteen

females.

Holotype, female, No. 3893, Calif. Acad. Sci. Ent., and 10

paratypes taken at Potwisha, Sequoia National Park, California,

June 13-20, 1929, Crescent Meadows, Sequoia National Park,

June 19, 1929, and Homestead Inn, Mt. Hood, Oregon, July 6,

1927, all by Dr. E. C. Van Dyke. Big Bend Mountain, Butte

Co., California, May 23, 1928, H. H. Keifer.

This is a larger, slightly broader and a darker species than

sodalicius from which it may be superficially distinguished by

the polished black femora. The color of the antennae is subject

to much variation.

SOME RECENT NEUROPTEROID PAPERS

BY E. P. VAN DUZEE

Perhaps the most important entomological event in this coun-

try since the appearance of our last issue is the publication of

Dr. Cornelius Betten’s Report on the caddisflies of New York

State which has been issued as Bulletin 292 of the New York

State Museum. For 17 years our entomologists have been wait-

ing, sometimes I fear with scant patience, for the appearance

of this important paper. It makes a book of some 500 pages

with 67 carefully drawn plates. Like the preceding reports in

this series on the aquatic insects of New York State it is altogether

a credit to the museum issuing it. It is certainly a pity it could

not have been published 17 years earlier when it was first sub-

mitted to the Regents of the Museum, so our workers could have

had a foundation to build upon. However we all are thankful

that it is now available. This work lists 568 species about one-

half of which are from east of the Mississippi River, the balance

being western. It may be a surprise to many not acquainted

with the literature of this order that over 300 of the species have

been described by Dr. Nathan Banks. Thd balance are by

various authors, including 18 described as new in this report.

The systematic portion fills about four-fifths of the work. In

this section there are keys to the families and genera, with

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[vOL. XI, NO. 1

descriptions, either original or copied, of all the species from

east of the Mississippi. At the end of each genus the author

gives us a list of the known species from west of the Mississippi

and from America south of the United States. Preceding the

systematic portion are chapters on geographical distribution,

morphology, hahits and relationships of the Trichoptera. We

cannot hut hope that some day we may have a similar report

on the caddisflies of the western states.

In strong contrast to this work hy Dr. Betten are two short

brochures entitled “Studies in North American Trichoptera” by

Lorus J. Milne, one published in April, 1934, the other in

January, 1935, together containing 56 pages. Dr. Milne found

himself confronted by the problem of how to get prompt pub-

lication and solved it by having his papers privately printed by

a process reproducing his type-written manuscript, the appear-

ance of which is marred by the arrangement of the page and the

character of the type used. In these papers he gives keys to

the genera and species in four families, the Phryganeidae,

Molannidae, Leptoceridae and Limnephilidae. His work in a meas-

ure supplements that by Dr. Betten but his keys are very brief

and unfortunately he has established many new species and

subspecies in a few words in the keys but without a description.

Mr. Milne probably plans to follow these by fuller descriptions

of the new species, but until then it may be difficult to be cer-

tain just what his new species are.

Another paper on the Neuropteroid orders appears as article

IV of Vol. XX of the Illinois State Natural History Survey. It

is on the Plecoptera or stoneflies of Illinois and is by Dr. Theo-

dore H. Prison. Dr. Prison has made a careful study of this

order as found in Illinois and in this report he gives us a most

interesting account of the life history and habits of these insects,

a list of the Illinois species with keys to the families, genera

and species, and 14 plates of anatomical details that will be

most valuable in the determination of the species. In most cases

he gives figures of the nymphs. Used in connection with Need-

ham and Claassen’s Monograph Dr. Prison’s report should

simplify the study of the Plecoptera of the eastern United States

and pave the way for a similar work on the species of the west

coast area. This series of reports on the insects of Illinois is

placing that state in the forefront in scientific research.

Jan., 1935]

WILCOX— WILLISTONINA

DESCRIPTION OF THE MALE OF WILLISTONINA

BILINEATA (WILLISTON) TOGETHER

WITH A NEW FORM (DIPTERA-

ASILID^)

BY J. WILCOX

The genus Willistonina was erected by Back for Habropogon

hilineatus Williston described from northern California (0. T.

Baron). Both the genus and species apparently were described

from a single female specimen and, so far as I know, no other

specimens have been reported taken. It seems worth while,

therefore, to record additional captures and to describe the male

and a new form on hand.

Willistonina bilineata (Williston)

Habropogon hilineatus Williston, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol.

11, p. 11 (Plate I, fig. 8), 1884.

Willistonina hilineatus. Back, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 35,

pp. 337-339 (Plate IV, fig. 5, and Plate VII, fig. 3), 1909.

Male. Length 13.5 mm. Head black in ground color, lower cheeks,

palpi, and proboscis shining; face and front densely gray pollinose

with a slight yellowish tinge; occiput yellowish pollinose. Mystax

dense white, confined to the oral margin; short bristly hairs on

the front and ocellar tubercle black, the latter with a longer pair

directed anteriorly; occipito-orbital bristles yellowish, short and

numerous; sparse beard and very sparse hairs of the palpi and

proboscis white. First and second antennal joints short, subequal

in length, with short black hairs; first and lower half of the sec-

ond shining reddish, the remainder of the second black ; third black,

thinly gray pollinose, about twice the width of the second joint,

narrowed anteriorly at the base and apex; style very small,

cylindrical, slightly longer than wide and with a short blunt bristle

at the apex.

Mesonotum black in ground color with a broad central stripe of

this color widened anteriorly and very narrowly bisected by a

golden pollinose line; dorsocentral stripes and the transverse suture

dull golden pollinose; humeri and lateral margins gray pollinose;

intermediate area, divided by the transverse suture, dull brownish.

Hairs short, sparse, black; bristles mostly black, two short yel-

lowish humerals, one posthumeral brownish, two presuturals, one

brownish and the other black, two to three supra-alars, two post-

alars, and six dorsocentrals beginning at the transverse suture and

extending posteriorly. Scutellum black, densely gray pollinose;

three pairs of marginal bristles, one brownish, the remainder black.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XI, NO. 1

Pleurae reddish in ^ound color, densely gray pollinose; fine hairs

on the propleurae white, bristles of the collar yellowish ; meso pleurae

nearly bare, with a few very short hairs above and below; hypo-

pleurae with a patch of short yellowish bristles.

Abdomen black and red in ground color, most segments with the

basal one-half or two-thirds black and the apical one-half or one-

third reddish. On the sides of the segments there is a shining

wedge-shaped spot which does not reach the anterior or posterior

margins excepting on the last two segments, widest anteriorly.

Posterior margins densely silvery pollinose, appearing yellowish

at some angles, the pollen extending forward on the sides (inside

of the wedge-shaped spots) to the anterior margins, and on most

segments widening and reaching the lateral margins anteriorly.

Remainder of the segments golden-brown pollinose, but looking at

the abdomen posteriorly it appears opaque black excepting the

posterior yellowish margins. A large clump of yellowish hairs on

the sides of the first segment and a few similar hairs on the sides

of the second segment; remainder of the hairs very short,

appressed, yellowish on the sides and posterior margins, black

otherwise. Venter mostly reddish brown, shining, silvery pollinose

except for a narrow median longitudinal line and two posterior

lateral spots on most segments; hairs short, yellowish. Hypo-

pygium short but slightly projecting, mostly contained in the sev-

enth and eighth segments which are widened ventrally; shining

reddish and yellow haired excepting that the base of the hypan-

drium is black with black hairs. Surstyli about as broad as long

with two short, blackish, finger-like pro jections at the upper apical

angle. Hypandrium transverse, slightly emarginate at the middle

posteriorly. Epandrium composed of two short rounded lobes con-

nected with a transverse thin plate.

Coxae mostly reddish in ground color, densely gray pollinose; the

fore and middle pairs with dense, long, white hairs anteriorly, the

hind ones with a few short, stout hairs anteriorly and a row of

stout hairsi on the outer posterior edge. Remainder of the legs

shining, very thinly gray pollinose; femora black with a complete

reddish stripe ventrally which is expanded basally on the posterior

side of the fore and middle pairs; tibiae black with the dorsal sur-

face of the fore and middle pairs reddish on the basal two-thirds,

hind pair narrowly reddish basally; tarsi and claws black; pulvilli

and empodia brownish. Femora, tibiae, and the basal two tarsal

joints with numerous very short, recumbent, yellowish hairs, becom-

ing black and stouter on the outer three tarsal joints: bristles

yellowish, somewhat darker on the outer tarsal joints.

Halteres brownish. Alulae yellowish, with a nearly white margin

and fringe. Wings uniformly light brownish; veins brown; anterior

crossvein slightly beyond middle of discal cell; fourth posterior cell

narrowly and the anal cell very narrowly open.

Jan., 1935]

WILCOX— WILLISTONINA

Described from a male, Hanson’s Resort, Jefferson County,

Oregon, July 29, 1929 (E. C. Van Dyke) ; Calif. Acad. Sci.

A female (length 15 mm.) of the same data as the male in the

Calif. Acad. Sci., and the following specimens have been seen:

Washington, Virden, lX-5 ’32 and lX-4 ’33 (C. H. Martin),

Easton, VIII-23-1933 (Wm. W. Baker) ; Signal Peak, Ranger

Station, VII-21 ’34 (Wm. W. Baker) ; and Rainier National For-

est, Sawmill Flat Camp, VIII-10 and 14 ’34 (Wilcox) .

Willistonina bilineata nigrofemorata Wilcox, new subspecies

This form differs from the above by having the femora and

antennae entirely black, usually all of the mesonotal bristles and

part of the occipito-orbital bristles black, and the hairs of the

genitalia mostly black.

Holotype No. 3931, male (length 11 mm.), Idlewild, California,

VI- 29 ’28 (E. C. Van Dyke), in the California Academy of

Sciences.

Allotype No. 3932, female (length 13 mm.), same data as

holotype.

Paratypes: One female, same data as types; eight specimens,

both sexes. Antelope Mt., Grant County, Oregon, 5,000 feet,

VII- 8 ’32, and Hart Mt., Lake County, Oregon, 7,000 feet, VH-30

and 31 and VHI-2 ’32 (D. K. Frewing), in the writer’s collection;

Merritt, British Columbia, VHI-3 ’31 (J. Nottingham), two speci-

mens in the University of Kansas collection; Victor, Montana,

VH-8 ’18, one specimen in the Montana State College collection;

and Hamilton, Montana, VI-18 ’33, reared from larva collected in

garden, V-20 (C. B. Phillip), one specimen in the writer’s

collection.

The long, dense, white hairs on the fore and middle coxae of

the males are represented by shorter and more scattered hairs in

the females.

Pupa. The pupal case accompanied the specimen from Hamil-

ton, Mont., mentioned above, so it is briefly described as follows:

Length 10 mm. Slightly curved; head, abdomen, and legs except-

ing the right fore coxa yellowish-brown, more or less transparent;

thorax and wings opaque shining yellowish-white. Legs and wings

34 the pan-pacific entomologist [vOL. XI, NO. 1

compactly extended below on the venter, the wing’s overlapping the

hind legs; wings and fore legs reaching posterior margin of the

first abdominal segment, middle and hind legs reaching slightly

beyond the anterior margin of the third segment. Thorax and head

split longitudinally and the head transversly in front of the eyes.

Eyes occupying the entire posterior portion of the head, and on

either side at the lower edge is quite a large rounded tubercle.

Dorsum of head (before eyes) with a pair of large thorns directed

anteriorly, rather widely separated and on separate tubercles, and

on each side with a set of three slightly smaller thorns arising from

a single base or tubercle. Thorax without spines or bristles except-

ing a very minute, rounded tubercle above the base of the meso-

thoracic legs; prothoracic spiracle roundly oval, poorly defined,

with a smaller, somewhat raised, brown reniform central area.

Abdomen on each segment excepting the last with a dorsal trans-

verse row of very short, quite stout, posteriorly directed spines as

follows: First segment, 12 spines in a row, the row on the

anterior margin, the middle pair of spines and the next to last one

one either side smaller ; second, third, and fourth segments with

rows slightly beyond the middle posteriorly, the second and third

with 16 spines each and the fourth with 14, the 3 or 4 central spines

and the outer 1 or 2 on either side smaller, one spine in each of the

second and third rows forked at the tip; fifth and sixth, segments,

with the rows on the posterior margins, the fifth with 14 spines and

the sixth with 12 ; seventh and eighth segments each with 6 spines,

the rows located at the posterior two-thirds of the segments; and

the ninth with two pairs of spines, the spines above much larger

than the lower ones. Abdominal spiracles very small, round, located

at the dorso-anterior angles; two postspiracular bristles on the first

segment, and three each on segments 2 to 7. Venter of abdomen

without spines or bristles.

In Malloch’s Key*, this genus would be thrown out in the first

couplet, as it differs from Leptogaster by having the two large

forwardly directed thorns on the head, and from the other genera

included (Promachus, Ceraturgus, Dasyllis, Erax, Proctacanthus,

and Asilus) by the spines on the abdomen not alternating large

and small. The absence of spines or bristles on the venter of the

abdomen apparently also differentiates it from the genera men-

tioned above.

I am indebted to the California Academy of Sciences, the Uni-

versity of Kansas, and the Montana State College, and to C. B.

Philip, C. H. Martin, and Wm. W. Baker, for the loan of

specimens.

♦Malloch, J. R. 1917. “A Preliminary Classification of Diptera, Exclusive of

Pupipara, Based upon Larval and Pupal Characters, with Key to Imagines in

Certain Families. Part I.” Bull. 111. Lab. Nat. Hist., v. 12 art, 3, p, 375-377.

Jan., 1935]

SAYLOR— sc ARABAEID^

STUDIES IN AMERICAN SCARABAEID^— II.

BY LAWRENCE W. SAYLOR

University of Calif omia

Berkeley, California

Diplotaxis falli Saylor, n. sp.

Holotype. Oblong:, a little wider behind, piceous, moderately

shining:, g:labrous above. Labrum moderately arcuately emarg-i-

nate, the lateral angles not prominent. Mentum as in atlantis,

transverse raised line obsolete, without hairs, posterior three-fifths

of disc convex, anterior two-fifths rather sharply declivous. Head

and clypeus densely rather coarsely punctured, somewhat more

sparsely around vertex, front convex, with two very faint impres-

sions each side of middle; clypeal suture arcuate, not impressed;

clypeus moderately refiexed in front, margin slightly emarginate,

lateral margins faintly sinuate at gense, surface of disc fiattened.

Prothorax widest at about the middle, sides broadly arcuate,

slightly convergent posteriorly, a little more so in front; disc

moderately closely punctured throughout, ai little less so at middle,

a small area near hind angles sparsely punctured. Elytra three

times as long ais prothorax and slightly wider; punctures some-

what coarser and sparser than those of prothorax; costae indis-

tinct, each with a row of punctures, first intercostal space closely

confusedly punctate, second and third irregularly punctured, but

less broadly so than first. Body beneath sparsely but coarsely

punctate at sides, the punctures much finer at middle; abdominal

segments with short fine hairs at sides. Pygidium coarsely

rugosely punctate; propygidium with a shallow coarsely punctured

apical marginal groove. Upper tooth of front tibi® midway be-

tween base and apical tooth. Basal joint of anterior tarsi not

compressed. Hind femora with complete marginal rows of punc-

tures, one small line of punctures in middle near base and one

or two punctures near middle of apex. Ungual tooth slightly post-

median, the apex of the tooth about midway between base and

apex of the claw.

Length, 12 mm. Width, 6 mm.

Type. Victorville, California, June 9, 1930, in the collec-

tion of the author. A designated paratype has heen deposited

in the collection of Dr. H C Fall, who has informed the writer

that he has several other examples apparently of this species.

D. falli is most closely related to D. insignis Lee. from Utah.

From D. sierree Fall, which it resemhles, it is easily separated

hy the smaller size, less rugose elytra, claws, puncturation of

hind femora, etc.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[vOL. XI, NO. 1

I take pleasure in dedicating this species to Dr. H. C. Fall,

who has done such excellent work in making known the mem-

bers of this diflScult genus. Dr. Fall has very kindly examined

the holotype of this species.

Diplotaxis knausii Schf.

This species has been taken in numbers in the Coachella Val-

ley in California; it has not been recorded from this state before.

Hoplia lecontei Dalla Torre

It seems to have escaped notice that the species which is now

labeled in our collections as H. pubicollis Lee. (1856) should be

known as H. lecontei since the former name is preoccupied by

a species of Kuster (1849) from Sardinia. This correction

should be made in our catalogues and collections.

Aphodius luxatus Horn.

This spring at Ben Lomond, Santa Cruz Co., California, I

took several examples of this species from under the dirt on the

floor of the runway of our common ground squirrel, Citellus

beechyi. Specimens of A. militaris and A. fucosus were taken

with the above species. A. luxatus is extremely rare, A. militaris

is very rare and A. fucosus is found at all commonly only in a

few localities in the south of the state; I do not recall having

seen any references as to the habits of the first two species before,

and the recent paper of Davis and Sloop is the first record of

the habitat of A. fucosus.

Plectris moseri Saylor, nom. nov.

This name is now substituted for one used by Moser for a

species from the Amazons (Stett. Ent. Zeit., Vol. 79, 1918, pg.

157), which name was all ready preoccupied by one of Bates

species from the same region (Biologia Cent. Amer., Vol. II,

Pt. 2, 1887, pg. 153).

Jan., 1935]

CHAMBERLIN— HESPEROCHERNES

A NEW SPECIES OF FALSE SCORPION

(HESPEROCHERNES)

FROM A BIRD’S NEST IN MONTANA

BY JOSEPH CONRAD CHAMBERLIN

( Arachnida — Chelonethida )

Associate Entomologist, U. S. Bureau of Entomology,

Twin Falls, Idaho

The writer is indebted to Dr. C. B. Philip of the U. S. Public

Health Service at Hamilton, Montana, for the material upon which

this brief report is based.

The only species represented and hereinafter described is the

third form certainly referable to the genus Hes per ocher nes. It is of

interest to note that all three of these species seem to be asso-

ciated with other organisms. Thus H. laurce Chamberlin (from

Califorina) is known only from wasp nests (Vespa) ; H. tamice

Beier (from New York) was collected from the nest of a chip-

munk (Tamias), while the present species is from a bird’s nest.

Family Chernetid.® Chamberlin

Subfamily Chernetin.® Beier

Hesperochernes montanus Chamberlin, sp. nov.

(Fig. 1)

Holotype. Male (JC-796.01001) , collected in a bird’s nest at

Girds Creek, Ravalli County, Montana, May 30, 1931, by W. L.

Jellison. No other material is at present available. The type will

probably be deposited in the U, S. National Museum.

Diagnosis (on basis of male only). A typical representative of

the genus except for the acute basal seta of the chelicera. Carapace

normal, distinctly longer than broad and broadest midway between

the two carapacal furrows; anterior furrow medially transverse,

laterally procurved, and distinctly posterior to median; posterior

furrow gently procurved and closer to posterior border of carapace

than to th^ anterior furrow; weak, nongranulate eye-spots present.

All tergites and sternites divided except the eleventh, first four

tergites distinctly narrowed, the third especially so; tergal chasto-

2-0 2-2 2-2 6 6 6 6

taxy: 18:18:18: : : : : : : ; the biseri-

20 18 18 18 16 12 12

ate tendency indicated is mostly obscure except on the posterior-

most segments ; sternal chatotaxy similar to the tergal chsctotaxy

but numbering 30-34 setae per segment. Anterior stigmatic plate

with two simple setae, posterior with one simple seta. Eleventh

tergite and stemite each with a lateral pair of short pseudo-tactile

setae. All sternites with a loosely clustered band of discal micro-

lyrifissures which number 30-40 per scutum. Carapace, tergites.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[vOL. XI, NO. 1

and palps evenly granulate. Tergal and carapacal vestitural setse

denticulo-spatulate (fig. 1, F) ; sternal seta simple and acuminate;

palpal and dorsal pedal setse stout and denticulate to denticulo-

spatulate (fig. 1, F and GO). Palps moderately robust (fig. 1, B) ;

heel of trochanter weakly bi-gibbose ; femur with sides nearly paral-

lel, weakly convergent distally; tibia normally convex interiorly and

exteriorly, with a weak distal excavation interiorly; chela more

strongly swollen interiorly than exteriorly; trochanter 1.74 times

asi long as broad; femur longer than hand or fingers and slightly

shorter than the greatest carapacal breadth, 2.95 times as long as

broad; tibia slightly shorter than femur and 2.5 times as long as

broad; chela 2.7 times as long as broad; fingers and hand nearly

sub-equal in length, the fingers being slightly the longer ; hand

longer than broad (1.4 times). Fourth pedal femur (pars basalis

plus pars tibialis) longer than breadth of palpal hand and only

slightly shorter than its length, 3.5 times as long as deep ; tibia of

fourth leg shorter than femur (as given above) and 5.5 times as

long as deep; fourth tarsus shorter than palpal trochanter or

breadth of chela. Chelicerae normal except that the basal seta is

apparently acute instead of denticulate; the sub-basal seta is short

and stout with three or four terminal denticles; galeai short, with

three or four short terminal branches (partially destroyed in course

of clearing in potassium hydroxide, see fig. 1, C and D). Chgetotary

of chela (fig. 1, A) typical of the genus; accessory teeth number

four to six both exteriorly and interiorly on either finger, arranged

as indicated in fig. 1, A; marginal teeth of chela number 47 to 48

on either finger ; the exterior condyle of the movable finger of the

chela strongly developed, as is often the case in many male cherne'-

tids (fig. 1, A). Male genitalia as shown in accompanying sketch

(fig. 1, E). Length of adult male (cleared in potassium hydroxide)

3.0 mm.; abdominal breadth 1.4 mm.; length of palpal femur 0.79

mm.; of palpal chela 1.32 mm.

Remarks : The holotype exhibits an interesting abnormality in

the right chelicera where the galeai seta is doubled (fig. 1, D).

The left chelicera is normal in this respect (fig. 1, C).

This species differs from H. laurcB Chamberlin^ in the tergal

chaetotaxy, in the character of the basal cheliceral seta, and in

the number and pattern of the accessory teeth of the chela. The

male genital structures apparently also exhibit differences. From

H. tamice Beier, it differs in the more slender palpal proportion^.

As regards the differentiation of montanus sp. nov. from some of

the North American species previously described under the

^ Chamberlin, J. C. Hesperochernes laurse, A New Species of False Scorpion

from California Inhabiting the Nest of Vespa. Pan-Pacific Entomologist 1:(2):

89-92. 1924.

® Beier, Max. Pseudoskorpione des Wiener Naturhistorischen Museums. III.

Annalen Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien. 1930. (P. 214.)

CHAMBERLIN— HESPEROCHERNES

Jan., 1935]

“genus” Chelanops, little can be said until the types of these forms

have been adequately redescribed. It appears likely, however, that

‘^Chelanops” cequalis Banks is a more or less close relative.

Hesperochemes montavMS sp. nov. (All figures from male holotype).

A, intero- ventral aspect of chela; B, ventral aspect of palp; C, dor-

sal aspect of tip of movable finger of left chelicera showing normal

galeal seta; D, ditto of right chelicera showing the abnormally

doubled galeal “seta”; E, sketch of male genitalia (somewhat dis-

torted by the potassium hydroxide treatment) ; F, denticulo-

spatulate tergal seta; G, stout, denticulate palpal seta.

A NEW RACE OF DASYFIDONIA AVUNCULARIA GN.

BY EDWARD GUEDET

Napa, California

Dasyfidonia avuncularia macdunnoughi Guedet, n. race

Avuncularia Gn. is pictured in Packard’s Geom. Moths, Plate

9, fig. 49; in Holland’s Moth Book, Plate 42, fig. 32; and by

Oberthur. It is found in June and July in southern Oregon and

through California in the Sierra Nevada Mountains. Normally

it flies low, in the daytime, and is fond of resting on the ground.

A new race of this species is found in April, in San Bernardino

County, California, near the summit of Cajon Pass, about nine

miles southwest of Victorville. It flies in abundance, at a little

height above the ground, and rests on low growing shrubs. Com-

pared with the typical form it may be described as follows:

Antennse, palpi and body as in typical form. Ground color of

primaries grayish, heavily sprinkled with black and whitish scales;

basal line blacker, more prominent, shaded outwardly with whitish.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[vOL. XI, NO. 1

thickly irrorated with black; median line a trifle more diffuse

than in the typical form; t.p. line more sharply outwardly oblique

from costa to M3, then sharply oblique inwardly to Cu2, then

ag’ain outwardly oblique, but much less sharply, to Al, then in

an inward curve to inner margin. This line is shaded outwardly

by a blackish band. The sub terminal white shade is prominent,

less sinuous than in the typical form, being almost parallel with

the outer margin for three-fourths its length.

The ground color and lines of the secondaries are the same

as in the typical form. The discal dot is regularly outside the

t.a. line. The t.p. line is fainter, not so sharply toothed. The

marginal black band is wider.

On the under side, the primaries are as in the typical form,

the lines usually absent, or when present, very faint. The sec-

ondaries are more mottled, with pepper and salt effect, almost

marbled, lines and discal dot showing through.

Holotype, male (No. 3935 C. A. S., Ent.) Cajon Pass, Cal.,

April 3, 1934; allotype, female (No. 3936 C. A. S., Ent.), same

data; paratypes, 12 males, 5 females, in author’s collection; 9

males, 1 female in collection of J. E. Cottle, Hayward, Cal.;

2 males, 1 female in Canadian Nat. Coll., Ottawa, Canada.

To this race we give the name macdunnoughi, in honor of

Mr. J. MacDunnough, chief. Division of Entomology, Depart-

ment of Agriculture, Ottawa, Canada, to whom we are indebted

for many favors.

This race may be known by the grayish black color, by the

direction of the t.p. line on the upper side of the primaries;

by the position of the discal dot, and by the mottled underside

of the secondaries.

A Genus New to the United States

( Scarabseidse, Coleoptera)

C eras pis (Faula) pilatei Har.

I have a specimen before me of this species from the

Chiricahua Mts. of Arizona, V-14-’09, collected by Dr. E. C.

Van Dyke. This is, to the best of my knowledge, the first record

of the genus north of Mexico. The widely separated hind coxae,

moderately separated middle coxae, uncleft tarsal claws, slightly

elongate first and sixth abdominal segments, very convex

pygidium, rufo-castaneous color, and sparse elongate white vesti-

ture over the entire body, should readily distinguish the species.

This has been compared with specimens in the British Museum

by Mr. H. E. Hinton at the author’s request. — Lawrence W.

Saylor.

Jan., 1935]

COCKERELL— CALIFORNIA BEES

SOME CALIFORNIA BEES

BY T. D. A. COCKERELL

During June and July of the present year (1934) I had the

opportunity of working with Mr. P. H. Timberlake at the Citrus

Experiment Station at Riverside, California. Mr. Timberlake has

long studied the bees of the Pacific Coast Region of North

America and has built up a collection which is unexcelled for the

perfection of the mounting, the length of the series, the accuracy

and detail of the data, and the care with which the specimens are

sorted out into species. The collection is kept under the best

conditions in a new fireproof building. It might be supposed that

the bee fauna of California is well known, in view of the very

numerous papers dealing with the subject. This is so far from

being the case that new" species may be discovered almost any day

during the season. The climatic and other physical conditions are

so varied, and the flora is so rich in peculiar genera and species,

that it is not surprising that specific differentiation among the bees

has gonei far, producing an assemblage of diverse forms, the

number of which it would be hazardous to calculate. While I

was at Riverside Mr. Chas. D. Michener came in with a large col-

lection of bees obtained by him in the region about Pasadena.

Although Pasadena is only a short distance from Riverside several

of the species were entirely new to Timberlake and presumably

all of them undescribed.

The black Osmiine bees described below were sorted out by

Mr. Timberlake and handed to me for description. I am entirely

indebted to him for the opportunity of studying them and for

advice concerning them. Unless otherwise stated, the types are in

the collection of the Citrus Experiment Station at Riverside,

California.

Osmia timberlake! Cockerell, sp. n.

Female. Length about 8 mm., anterior wing 5 ; robust, black, with

white hair, abundant and woolly on face, cheeks, sides of thorax,

metathorax, and mainly covering the short broad abdomen, the

rather broad pale reddish margins of the tergites showing through,

and more or less indications of dark (bare or thinly clothed) bands,

especially on second tergite, but in perfectly fresh specimens this

might not be so apparent; ventral scopa pure white; head massive,

considerably broader than thorax, facial quadrangle about square;

eyes black; mandibles broad, tridentate, the apical portion broadly

banded with dusky red; lab rum black; clypeus dull and excessively

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[vOL. XI, NO. 1

minutely punctured, covered with hair which in front view appears

gray; flagellum rich red, black at extreme tip and base; vertex dull

and excessively minutely punctured; mesothorax and scutellum dull

and excessively minutely and densely punctured; middle of base of

metathorax with a transversely oval shining area on which are

two pits, the whole like the end of a pig's snout; tegulae bright red;

wings hyaline, very faintly brownish, stigma and nervures dark,

but the basal nervures reddish; basal nervures falling a little short

of nervulus; recurrent nervures about equally distant from base

and apex of second cubital cell; femora stout, bright chestnut red;

tibise and tarsi black with white hair, the tarsi a little reddish

apically; front tibiae partly red on inner side; spurs pale yellowish.

At flowers of Palafoxia linearis, opposite sand dunes, road to

Palm Springs, California, April 23, 1933 (Timberlake) . Very

distinct from all relatives in this fauna (described below) by the

bright red femora, these being black in the other species. The

maxillary palpi are short, five-jointed; first joint stout, black,

immovable; second dark, the others reddish; third joint much the

longest; fourth less than half the length of third; fifth minute,

slender. Notauli small and weak, linear.

Osmia arefacta Cockerell, sp. n.

Female (Type). Length about 7 mm., anterior wing 4.4; black,

the head and thorax perhaps very faintly greenish but so indis-

tinctly as to be doubtful; abundant long white hair on face, cheeks,

tubercles, pleura and metathorax, on thorax above it is dull and

distinctly yellowish; head rather oblong, facial quadrangle longer

than broad; la brum black; mandibles tridentate, black, very

obscurely reddened subapically; flagellum dark red beneath, except

basally; vertex very flnely and densely punctured; mesothorax and

scutellum very finely punctured, shining, area of metathorax shin-

ing; tegulae bright ferruginous, wings brownish; basal nervure

meeting nervulus; second cubital cell long, receiving first recurrent

nervure about as far from base as length of intercubitus, the second

nearer apex; legs black, with white hair, pale orange on inner side

of tarsi, tarsi red apically, spurs red; abdomen with the basal half

shining, tergites very narrowly red on apical margins and with nar-

row white' hair-bands, broadly interrupted on first, more narrowly

on second; ventral scopa pure white. Notauli linear.

Male. Length about 6 mm., anterior wing 4 ; mandibles bidentate,

black, face densely covered with white hair; antennae black; recur-

rent nervures about equally distant from base and apex of second

cubital cell; sixth tergite simple, apex of abdomen unarmed.

Palm Springs, California, at flowers of Phacelia distans, March

24, 1933 (Timberlake). Distinguished from other species by the

Jan., 1935]

COCKERELL— CALIFORNIA BEES

bright red tegulae and black labrum. Herein it resembles O. robus-

tula and 0. palmarum. The former is larger, with pale yellowish

ventral scopa; the latter is considerably smaller, and differs as

stated in the description below. A superficially similar insect is

female Ashmeadiella opuntice Ckll. (specimens from Riverside,

determined by Timberlake, on Opuntia vaseyi) . This is larger

with a much larger head, pure black mesothorax and very thick

black hind spur. The mandibles are quite different, with a longi-

tudinal shining keel, above which is a large dull black area, and

there is a little band of bright orange hair on apical part of upper

margin. The first recurrent nurvure is more than twice as far from

the base of second cubital cell as second from apex.

Osmia enceliae Timberlake MS., sp. n.

Female. Length about 8 mm. (one is smaller, only 7 mm.), robust,

black, with mainly white hair, brown on vertex and the very thinly

clothed mesothorax (which may be denuded) , but abundant and

pure white at sides of face, on cheeks, tubercles, pleura and

sides of metathorax; eyes slightly greenish, probably more so

in life; facial quadrangle longer than broad; mandibles and

labrum black; mandibles broad, tridentate, with a conspicuous tuft

of red hair just before the apex; an interrupted band of red hair

below margin of clypeus; clypeus somewhat shining, very finely

punctured, the upper part feebly carinate, the lower part depressed,

concave; antennae black; vertex very densely finely punctured;

mesothorax and scutellum hardly shining, closely and coarsely

punctured, the scutellum shining anteriorly; area of metathorax

shining; tegulae rather large, pure black; wings dusky, brownish,

stigma and nervures dark; basal nervures meeting nervulus; first

recurrent nervure more remote from base of second cubital cell

than second from apex but the difference is sometimes not very

great; legs black, with pale hair, faintly reddish on inner side of

tarsi; spurs black; abdomen broad, convex, shining; margins of

tergites with narrow white bands, on first broadened at sides and

very narrow or interrupted in middle; fifth and sixth tergites with

a fine pale pruinosity; ventral scopa reddish brown.

At flowers of Encelia farinosa, Andreas Canyon, Palm Springs,

California, March 24, 1933 (Timberlake). Distinguished espe-

cially by the black tegulae, brown ventral scopa and patch of red

hair on mandibles. The nearest relative is 0. viguierce, described

below.

THE PAN-PACIFIO ENTOMOLOGIST

[vOL. XI, NO. 1

The maxillary palpi, which have the apical part red, are very

small, but five jointed, there being a minute but distinct apical

joint beyond the fourth. Notauli very small and short, linear.

Osmia viguierae Timberlake MS., sp. n.

Female (Type). Like 0. encelise, but meso thorax more finely

punctured and slightly shining; clypeus dull, convex, very minutely

punctured, not at all carinate, covered when fresh with dull white

hair. In both species, the lower margin of clypeus is shining.

Male. Len^h about 8 mm., hair of face dense and pure white,

of upper part of head and mesothorax grayish brown, but a fringe

of very long white hairs behind scutellum ; mandibles strongly biden-

tate, faintly reddish subapically; antennas black; recurrent nervures

received near to and about equally distant from ends of second

cubital cell; sixth tergite broadly truncate, the lateral margins

strongly rounded; sides of tergites 3 to 6 with strong oblique chan-

nels along the base of the normally exposed portion.

Both sexes, including type, at flowers of Viguiera parishii, An-

dreas Canyon, Palm Springs, California, female April 24, 1932,

male, March 2, 1934 (Timberlake). Female from same locality,

March 24, 1933, at flowers of Encelia farinosa (Timberlake) .

A male from flowers of Encelia actoni Elmer, Townsend Pass

(or Emigrant Pass?) 3,000 ft. alt.. Death Valley, March 11, 1927

(Timberlake), is appreciably different, as follows. Length about

8 mm. (but abdomen less extended), more robust, the abdominal

tergites without the lateral sulci; tegulae with a red spot (instead

of all black) ; sixth tergite with margin broadly rounded; recur-

rent nervures more distant from ends of second cubital cell. Pos-

sibly a distinct race or species. It may be called var. mortua.

The maxillary palpi of O. viguierce are very short and stout,

4-jointed; first joint broadly sessile; second cylindrical, black,

very stout; third not greatly longer than second; fourth suboval,

button-like.

Osmia robustula Cockerell, sp. n.

Female. Length about 8.5 mm., anterior wing a little over 5;

very robust, black with white woolly hair on head, thorax and

abdomen, abundant on face and front, tubercles, pleura and meta-

thorax; on abdomen forming large dense tufts at sides of tergites,

broad entire bands on tergites 2 and 3, tergites 4 to 6 thinly hairy

all over, 4 also with an apical band, narrower than on 3, ventral

scopa very pale yellowish; head not unusually large; eyes dark

green; facial quadrangle longer than broad, mandibles tridentate,

with a broad red band before apex; labrum shining black; clypeus

dull, excessively densely and finely punctured, not ridged, the mar-

gin narrowly shining; flagellum obscurely brown beneath; vertex

Jan., 1935]

COCKERELL— CALIFORNIA BEES

moderately shining, very densely and finely punctured; cheeks

hairy; mesothorax and scutellum finely and closely punctured,

somewhat shining, not polished; their hair is thin and appears

grayish; area of metathorax large, shining; tegulae clear fer-

ruginous; wings short for size of insect, hyaline, very faintly

brownish; nervures dark, basal nervure falling a trifle short of

nervulus ; second cubital cell long, receiving recurrent nervures about

equally distant fom base and apex; legs black with much white

hair; small joints of tarsi red; hind basitarsi broad; spurs red;

abdomen broad, convex, shining, finely punctured.

At flowers of Lupinus odoratus, north of Indio, California,

April 23, 1927 (Timberlake) . Distinguished hy the red tegulae,

hlack lahrum and relatively large size. The notauli are linear.

They are so in the genus Ho plitis, which is generally regarded as

a suhgenus of Osmia.

Osmia xerophila Cockerell, sp. n.

Female (Type). Similar to 0. robustula, of which it is perhaps

to be considered a race, with the same mandibles, rufescent sub-

apically, black labrum, bright red tegulae, and red small joints of

tarsi; but it is smaller (7.5 mm.) , with the knees red, hind basitarsi

not so broad, and the abdominal bands yellowish instead of clear

white. The basal nervure falls short of nervulus; second cubital

cell receives recurrent nervures equally distant from base and apex.

Male. Face and front densely covered with pure white hair;

flagellum simple, red beneath; mandibles bidentate, with a little

rounded lobe at each side; hair of scutellum distinctly yellowish,

apex of abdomen tridentate; the teeth sharp, the laterial ones

largest and longest.

Palm Springs, California (Type locality) ; female at Cryp-

tanthe, March 24, 1933; male at Malva parviflora. May 21, 1932

(Timberlake). Female also taken at Borego Valley, March 26,

1933 (Timberlake). The maxillary palpi are very minute, with

four subequal joints, the fourth with a conspicuous tuft of bris-

tles at end. The notauli are linear.

Osmia phaceliarum Cockerell, sp. n.

Female. Length about 6 mm., anterior wing about 4 ; black, head

and thorax with rather abundant white hair, the hair on front

especially long and abundant; labrum clear red; mandibles with

the apical half, except the margin, dusky red; head not very large;

facial quadrangle longer than broad, the orbits distinctly converg-

ing below; clypeus densely punctured, not shining; flagellum dusky

red beneath, except basally; vertex densely punctured; mesothorax

and scutellum moderately shining, with close very distinct punc-

turesy and a greenish tinge so obscure as to be doubtful; area of

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[vOL. XI, NO. 1

metathorax shining, with a dull base; tegulae very bright ferrugi-

nous; wings dusky hyaline; basal nervure far short of nervulus;

second cubital cell rather short; receiving recurrent nervures about

equally distant from base and apex; legs black with white hair,

yellowish on inner side of tarsi; spurs yellowish white; abdomen

shining, with hind margin of tergites rufous, and narrow white

hair- bands, denuded or lacking in middle of first three tergites;

ventral scopa clear white.

At flowers of Phacelia distans, Puente Hills, California, April

12, 1925 (Timberlake) . The locality is near Whittier and is not

desert. Maxillary palpi very minute, four jointed, the last joint

somewhat curved, longer than third. Notauli very small and

short, hut linear.

Osmia sliastensis Cockerell, sp. n.

Female. Length about 7.5 mm., anterior wing 5.5; black, robust

shining, the head and thorax with rather scanty grayish-white

hair, abundant on scutellum, metathorax and pleura, the vertex

almost bare, and mesothorax very thinly hairy; head massive,

larger than thorax, facial quadrangle about square, cheeks broad;

distance from lateral ocelli to occiput almost equal to distance

between lateral ocelli; mandibles and labrum black; mandibles tri-

dentate; clypeus high, convex, minutely and closely punctured, little

shining, not at all ridged, very thinly clothed with dark hairs;

apical region of clypeus depressed, with the margin shining;

antennae black; vertex finely punctured, moderately shining; meso-

thorax and scutellum polished on disc; area of metathorax large,

shining; tegulae purei black, rather pointed posteriorly; wings

dusky, stigma and nervures black; basal nervure meeting nervulus;

second cubital cell long, receiving recurrent nervures equally dis-

tant from base and apex, or' first a little more distant than second;

leigs black, without evident pale hair, hairs on inner side of tarsi

brown; spurs black; abdomen broadly convex, shining, the margins

of tergites laterally with rather long white hair, dense and con-

spicuous on first, not very conspicuous on the others, on third and

fourth forming entire or almost entire very thin bands; ventral

scopa long and ferruginous. Notauli well developed, linear.

Shasta County, California (E. R. Leach). Distinguished from

0. hemizonicB hy being smaller, mesothorax polished on disc, eyes

not green.

Female. Length about 6.6 mm., anterior wing 5.5; black, hair

of head and thorax white and abundant on face, cheeks, pleura and

metathorax, but dorsally very thin and appearing somewhat gray-

ish; head large; mandibles tridentate, bright red with the apical

margin narrowly black; labrum clear red; clypeus convex, slightly

shining, closely and distinctly punctured, with a finely striate effect.

Jan., 1935]

COCKERELL— CALIFORNIA BEES

Osmia rupestris Cockerell, sp. n.

apical margin very narrowly red; flaigellum bright red beneath;

vertex dullish, finely punctured; mesothorax and scutellum shining

on disc, the punctures distinctly separated; area of metathorax

large and shining; tegulee very bright ferruginous, shining; wings

brownish, stigma dark reddish; basal nervure falling considerably

short of nervulus; second cubital cell receiving recurrent nervures

about equally far from, base and apex; legs black, with the knees,

tibiae more or less at extreme apex, and tarsi red, the front and

middle basitarsi suffused with blackish; hind basitarsi broad; spurs

yellowish white; abdomen short, broad, convex, shining, with hind

margins of tergites narrowly pale red; tergites finely pubescent,

except the second, which is mainly bare, though hairy at sides, and

with an apical band; basin of first tergite sharply defined, shining;

ventral scop a yellowish white. Notauli linear.

At flowers of Phacelia distans. Big Rock Creek, California,

April 25, 1926 (Timberlake) . The locality is on the edge of the

Mohave Desert.

Distinguished from 0. phaceliarum hy the larger size, red

mandibles and red hind basitarsi. The maxillary palpi are very

minute, with four short joints; third not longer than second;

fourth cylindrical with a bristle at end.

Osmia hemizoniae Cockerell, sp. n.

Female. Length about 9 mm., anterior wing nearly 6; robust,

black, hair of head and thorax abundant, dull white on face, cheeks,

pleura and metathorax, pale fulvous on upper part of head and

thorax; mandibles and labrum black; mandibles broad, tridentate,

without any patch of red hair; clypeus very finely and densely but

distinctly punctured, with a faint trace of a median ridge; antennse

black; vertex dull and excessively densely punctured; mesothorax

dullish, closely punctured; scutellum dull, the surface largely hidden

by the long hairs; base of metathorax with a transverse undulate

shining band, having the form of a flying bird; tegulse black; wings

brownish, stigma and nervures dark; basal nervure meets nervulus

a little on outer side; second cubital cell receiving first recurrent

nervure much more distant from base than second from apex; legs

black, with white hair, last tarsal joint red; spurs dark red; abdo-

men very finely punctured, somewhat shining, tergites with rather

narrow, clean cut, faintly ochreous hair-bands, middle of sixth deli-

cately pruinose; ventral scopa very pale yellowish. Notauli linear.

Riverside, California, at flowers of Hemizonia paniculata, May

24, 1932 (Timberlake) . Distinguished from 0. shastensis by

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XI, NO. 1

being larger, mesothorax dullish and densely punctured, eyes

green.

Chelostoma australe Ckll. (which Timberlake refers to Ash-

meadiella) may be compared. It is very different by the first two

tergites red at sides, and hind femora swollen and bright red; the

labrum is black and strongly bidentatO at end, the long sharp

teeth diverging; ventral scopa white. In a series, the red at base

of abdomen varies, and may be evanescent. C. australe visits

flowers of Pentstemon hreviflorus and P. palmeri, as observed by

Timberlake.

Osmia palmarum Cockerell, sp. n.

Female. Length 5-5.7 mm.; like 0. arefacta but smaller; man-

dibles tridentate, apical part dull red; labrum black. Differs from

0. arefaota by the somewhat shorter and relatively broader head;

dull hoary mesothorax and scutellum, with a dull white hair band

in suture between them; tegulse smaller; wings clear hyaline; hind

margins of tergites reddish. The basal nervure falls just short of

nervulus; second cubital cell receives recurrent nervure s equally

distant from base and apex, or first a trifle nearer to base than

second to apex; hind tibiae very densely clothed behind with pure

white hair, ventral scopa short and pure white.

It is also very near to 0. phaceliarum, differing by the black

labrum and hoary appearance of mesothorax, with band in scutello-

mesothoracic suture (no trace of this in O. phacelia/rimi) ; also the

tegulae are paler and the wings clearer, and the fifth tergite is

more densely white pubescent. The hair of thorax above is tinged

with yellowish, including that on scutellum, which is pure white in

0. phaceliarum.

Type from flowers of Cryptanthe angustifolia. Palm Springs,

California, April 2, 1927, and March 24, 1933 (Timberlake) . Also

on the same plant 19 miles west of Kane Springs, March 25, 1933

(Timberlake). Notauli linear; mesonotum with a median groove

on anterior half.

Ashmeadiella rhodognatha Ckll. may be compared. It is larger

and has first recurrent nervure considerably more distant from

base of second cubital cell. The mandibles are bright red, or

darker. The mesothorax has a broad band of white hair along

posterior margin, and two spots in front. A. rhodognatha was

taken by Timberlake at flowers of Cercidium torreyanum, in Box

Canyon and Painted Canyon.

(To be continued)

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Vol. XI

April, 1935

No. 2

THE

Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Published by the

Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in co-operation with

The California Academy of Sciences

CONTENTS

COCKERELL, SOME CALIFORNIA BEES 49

BENJAMIN, AN ANOMALOUS NEW SPECIES OF

NORTH AMERICAN MOTH 55

LANGE, TERMINOLOGY OF THE MALE GENITALIA

OF THE NOCTUID^ 57

JAMES, THE NEARCTIC SPECIES OF EUCLITELLARIA 62

HORN, ON SOME CICINDEL^ FROM THE PACIFIC COAST OF

MEXICO, THE WEST INDIES AND UNITED STATES 65

HINTON, NEW SPECIES OP NORTH AMERICAN HELICHUS 67

LINSLEY, CERAMBYCID^ FROM THE REVILLAGEGEDO ISLANDS 72

HOPPING, REVISION OP THE GENUS MYCTERUS 75

FLANDERS, TWO DESCRIBED SPECIES OF

TRICHOGRAMMA VALIDATED 79

SAYLOR, A NEW APHODIUS OF THE CADAVERINUS GROUP 80

HOWER, A NEW CALIFORNIA BUTTERFLY 82

VAN DYKE, NEW SPECIES OP NORTH AMERICAN WEEVILS

IN THE SUBFAMILY BRACHYRHININ^, III, 83

San Francisco, California

1935

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

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Published at the California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park,

San Francisco, California.

Entered as second-class matter, February 10, 1925, at the postoffice at

San Francisco, California, under Act of August 24, 1912.

The Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Vol. XI, No. 2 April, 1935

SOME CALIFORNIA BEES

BY T. D. A. COCKERELL

(Continued from page 48)

Osmia albomarginata Cockerell, Timberlake MS., sp. n.

Female. (Type). Length about 7 mm.; anterior wing 4.5 mm.;

black, the head, thorax and abdomen very obscurely greenish;

pubescence white, dense and pure white at sides of face, long and

abundant on pleura, metathorax and scutellum, thin and slightly

grayish on vertex and mesothorax, thin and white on clypeus, but

hardly visible in front view, when only the dense pure white bands

at sides of face (reaching part way up front and ending below a

considerable distance above mandibles) are conspicuous; labrum

black; mandibles black, tridentate; clypeus entirely dull, convex,

excessively finely and densely punctured; antennae black; vertex

closely but distinctly punctured; mesothorax and scutellum some-

what shining but not polished, very closely and finely punctured;

area of metathorax dull; tegulae dark reddish; wings dilute brown,

basal nervure almost reaching nervulus, second cubital cell receiv-

ing recurrent nervures about equally distant from base and apex;

legs black, with thin white hair on hind tibiae, seen from outer side

forming a slender pure white band along hind margin; hair on

inner side of hind basitarsi white ; spurs light red ; abdomen rather

long and narrow, the basal half moderately shining, the apical half

finely pruinose ; first tergite with a long tuft of pure white hair at

each side, second with an interrupted white band, third to fifth with

entire bands; ventral scop a very pale yellowish.

Male. Length nearly 7 mm.; mandibles bidentate; hair of clypeus

dense and white, of front and scutellum yellowish, long and abun-

dant; abdomen pure black; sixth tergite broadly rounded and

simple; hind coxse with a red thickened margin, under a lens look-

ing like a small shining red apical process.

Type $ at flowers of Phacelia heterophylla, Swartout Valley,

California, June 3, 1928 (Timberlake) . Male at Phacelia distant,

Puente Hills, April 12, 1925 (Timberlake).

This is not a desert species. The notauli are linear.

Resembles 0. exilis Sandhouse, which is much more metallic

50 the pan-pacific entomologist [vOL. XI, NO. 2

in the female, and in the male the abdomen is more or less

metallic.

The male genitalia are quite similar to those of Osmia (Hop-

litis) mescB (Ckll.) Those of 0. arefacta are of the same pattern,

but the stipites are stouter than in 0. alhomar ginata.

0. copelandica Ckll. is easily known from 0. albomar ginata by

the anterior margin of mesothorax broadly polished and shining.

Osmia (Atoposmia subg. n.) triodonta Cockerell, sp. n.

Male (Type). Length about 9 mm. anterior wing 7; robust,

black, head and thorax with abundant long hair, white on face,

cheeks, pleura and metathorax, yellowish on head and thorax

above; head rather large, facial quadrangle about square; eyes

black; labrum and mandibles black, the mandibles tridentate, with

the apical tooth very long, the other two sjhort but sharp ; flagellum

dusky red beneath; cheeks very broad, strongly hairy except a

broad zone next to eyes; vertex dull, very finely punctured; meso-

thorax and scutellum polished and exposed on disc; area of

metathorax triangular, shining; tegulee pure black; wings brownish

hyaline, stigma and nervures black; basal nervure falling a little

short of nervulus ; second cubital cell long, receiving' first recurrent

nervure more distant from base than second from apex, but dis-

tance of first from base is not nearly equal to length of intercubitus ;

legs black with white hair; tarsi somewhat rufescent at tip, hair

on inner side of basitarsi orange; hind tibise robust, with a short

apical spine; abdomen convex, basal half shining, sides and venter

with much white hair; tergites with rather thin but broad bands

of slightly yellowish hair, sixth with a little tooth at each side,

seventh broad, with a lobe at each side and a small obtuse projec-

tion between, so that it is briefly trilobed; third stemite deeply

emarginate, the incision fringed with pale yellowish hair. The Lone

Pine Canyon one is smaller.

Female. Length about 7.5 mm.; mandibles very broad, triden-

tate; clypeus dull, densely and minutely punctured, convex, with

short red hair on apical part; metathorax with a large deep oval

pit; bands on first three tergites clear white, broad, more or less

interrupted on first two; eyes black; hind spurs black and very

long; ventral scopa very long, pale yellow.

Type male at flowers of Pentstemon heterophyllus, Mt. Diablo,

California, about 3,800 ft., June 14, 1933 (Timberlake) . Male at

Noma parryi. Lone Pine Canyon, about 5,900 ft., June 16, 1928

(Timberlake). Female at Pentstemon spectabilis, Lone Pine Can-

yon, about 4,000 ft., June 16, 1928 (Timberlake).

Timberlake has long had this under a manuscript name, but

COCKERELL— SOME CALIFORNIA BEES

APRIL, 1935]

this name has been used in Osmia, so I have substituted another,

having the same significance.

The structure of the end of the abdomen is similar in principle

to that of Alcidemea biscutellce Ckll. (taken by Timberlake at

flowers of Larrea tridentata, La Quinta, Calif.) but in that species

the median tooth is very long and spine-like. A. biscutellce (male)

has the hair of face long and pure white, mandibles bidentate,

spines on hind coxae, and angulate process at base of hind tro-

chanter. The female A. biscutellce has mandibles tridentate; lab-

rum broadly rounded at end; clypeus with an obtuse median

ridge, not reaching apex; vertex polished, with well separated

punctures; tegulae dark, with red spot, and broad testaceous bor-

der; base of metathorax shining; hair on inner side of hind

basitarsi light orange; first recurrent nervure slightly more distant

from base of second cubital cell than second from apex; abdomen

with white scopa, and white hair-bands, interrupted on first tergite.

This species was described (1897) from the male, about 13 mm.

long, taken in New Mexico.

Osmia triodonta is remarkable for the extremely long mouth

parts, over twice as long as in 0. viguierce. The maxillary palpi

are five jointed, the third joint very long (in 0. viguierce they

are short and stout, none of the joints very long) .

The notauli are short and linear; the mesonotum has a median

groove on anterior half. The three-toothed male mandibles are

also highly characteristic, as pointed out by Mr. Timberlake.

These characters place the insect in a distinct subgenus, which

may be called Atoposmia.

The insects described above are by no means typical Osmia.

Timberlake notes that the maxillary palpi are short and usually

appear to be four-jointed, except in Atoposmia, which has long

palpi, evidently five-jointed. The following key will serve for

the ready separation of the species :

Males. 1.

Females 5.

1. Mandibles tridentate; tegula dark; area of metathorax pol-

ished; labial palpi extremely long; tergite 6 with entire shining

margin, but lateral angular projections; tergite 7 briefly tri-

lobed, the lateral lobes obtuse, the middle one small

triodonta. Ckll.

— . Mandibles bidentate 2.

2. Tegulae clear red; base of meta thorax shining 3.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XI, NO. 2

— . Teg^ulge dark; end of abdomen simple, not dentate' 4.

3. Knees black; apex of abdomen with a finger-like process, which

is, however, due to the genitalia, the margin of the tergitC'

being unarmed arefacta Ckll.

— . Knees red; apex of abdomen sharply tridentate.. xerophila Ckll.

4. Base of metathorax shining viguierse Timberlake MS.

— . Base of metathorax dull alhomarginatO' Timberlake MS.

5. Femora, bright red; ventral scopa white; area of metathorax

polished timberlakei Ckll.

— . Femora black 6.

6. Tegulge bright or clear red or testaceous; ventral scopa white;

area of meta thorax shining (in 0. phaceliarum dull when seen

from above, but shining when seen from behind) 7.

— . Tegulee dark brown or black; legs black, or at most small joints

of tarsi reddish 12.

7. Mesothorax brassy or greenish; abdomen greenish

arefa'ctw Ckll.

— . Mesothorax pure black 8.

8. Labrum bright red; wings dusky; basal nervure falling short

of nervulus 9.

— . Labrum black or very dark 10.

9. Larger ; mandibles entirely bright red except narrow apical

margin rupestris Ckll.

— . Smaller; mandibles dark, the apical part obscurely reddish

phaceliarum Ckll.

10. Small, length 5-5.7 mm .palmaonim Ckll.

Larger, 7.5 to 8.5 mm 11.

11. Knees black; more robust; abdominal bands broader and pure

white rohustula Ckll.

— . Knees red; less robust; abdominal bands narrower and not

clear white; margins of tergites conspicuously reddened

xerophila Ckll.

12. Ventral scopa brown; disc of mesothorax with large punctures;

mandibles with subapical tufts of red hair

encelise Timberlake MS.

— . Ventral scopa red; disc of mesothorax finely punctured, shin-

ing, mandibles without tufts of red hair shastensis Ckll.

— . Ventral scopa white, or tinged with yellow or red 13.

13. Area of metathorax dull and granular; small species 14.

— . Area of metathorax polished 15.

14. Larger and more robust, distinctly greenish; second cubital

cell long, receiving first recurrent nervure far from base

alhomargiyiata Timberlake MS.

— . Very small and slender; pure black; clypeus convex, supra-

clypeal area conspicuously shining; tongue long; second cubital

cell relatively short, receiving first recurrent nervure near

base (Big Pine, Calif., at Phaeelia heterophylla, July 2, Cock-

erell) Chelostoma minutum Crawford (det. Timberlake)

APRIL, 1935] COCKERELL— SOME CALIFORNIA BEES

15. Abdominal bands broad, white, wings dusky; mouth parts

greatly elongate triodonta. Ckll.

— . Abdominal bands narrow; mouth parts not greatly elongated.. 16.

16. Robust species; hair of head and thorax above coarse and

fulvous; eyes green; clypeus closely punctured, with a broad

smooth margin, which is somewhat turned upward, and so not

evident in front view; end of labrum with hooked hairs;

ventral scopa yellowish ....hemizonise Ckll.

— . Hair of head and thorax above not at all fulvous 17.

17. Comparatively large and robust, the dull clypeus with a broad

shining margin; ventral scopa suffused with pale ferruginous;

first recurrent nervure not nearly so far from base of second

cubital cell as length of intercubitus..v'i5'Mier^e Timberlake MS.

— . Smaller, about 7 mm. long; not so robust; ventral scopa

white 18.

18. Clypeus seen from in front appearing broadly and deeply

emarginate', owing to a broad triangular depression, but actual

margin straight; first recurrent nervure as far from base of

of second cubital cell as length of intercubitus (Auburn, Placer

Co., Calif .) ....A shmeadiella coquilletti Titus (Det. Sandhouse)

Other species of Ashmeadiella may be compared, as A. pro-

sopidis Ckll., a small species with reddish tegulae; A. cra^sa Ckll.

the clypeus conspicuously covered with long pale hair, and outer

margin of tegulae red.

In the course of working over the California bees Mr. Timber-

lake and I discovered a number of maitters requiring revision, as

set forth below. The synonymy given was determined by Timber-

lake, but is accepted by me, after due consideration of the

evidence.

Diadasia laticauda Cockerell 1905

Based on the female, D. crassicauda Ckll., 1915, is the male.

Diadasia nitidifrons Cockerell 1905

It now appears that D. skinneri Ckll., 1909, is not separable.

Tetralonia cordleyi postica (Cockerell 1914)

Described as a species; seems better placed as a subspecies of

T. cordleyi Viereck, 1905.

Xenoglossodes davidsoni (Cockerell, 1905)

Described under Xenoglossa, from the female. Synhalonia

hirsutior Ckll., 1905, is the male. The male has the flagellum

very long, entirely black; clypeus with a very broad pale yellow

Band; face covered with long hair; labrum with very long pale

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XI, NO. 2

hair; mandibles all black; mesothorax with long red hair; basal

nervure falls a little short of nervulus; abdomen with erect gray

hair, longer and more fulvous basally; fifth tergite with a rather

broad pale gray band of hair; apical plate parallel-sided and

rounded at end; covered with pale fulvous hair. The maxillary

palpi are five-jointed. The male was taken by Timberlake at

flowers of Convolvulus occidentalis, Puente Hills, near Whittier.

The species appears to be very rare.

Epeolus GABRIELIS (Cockerell, 1910)

Described under Triepeolus. Epeolus geminatus Cockerell and

Sandhouse, 1924, is the same.

Halictus meliloti Cockerell 1895

H. catalinensis Cockerell, 1903, is merely a large-headed form

of this species.

Megachile davidsoni Cockerell 1902

M. occidentalis var. leucotricha Cockerell, 1902, is the male of

this species. I took M. davidsoni at Mountain Home Creek, San

Bernardino Mts., June 17. As Timberlake pointed out, it is oligo-

tropic on Dicentra chrysantha.

Colletes tucsonensis Cockerell, 1906

Described from Arizona. Timberlake takes it at Riverside Cali-

fornia. The genitalia of the type were compared.

The following records relate to captures made in 1934, but

I have only studied a small part of the material obtained:

Stelis carnifex Cockerell. Mountain Home Creek, at flowers

of Rhamnus californicus, June 17 (Ckll.). Timberlake has one

taken at Riverside, April 22, at Coreopsis lanceolata.

Triepiolus timherlakei Cockerell. Riverside, June 16 (Philip

Timberlake). At flowers of Lippia.

Megachile perhirta Cockerell. Riverside, male at flowers of

Lippia, June 16 {Philip Timberlake) .

Ceratina punctigera (Cockerell). One at flowers of Cirsium,

near Idyll wild, June 24 (Ckll.).

Agaposteman californicus Crawford, Mountain Home Creek,

San Bernardino Mts., June 17 (Ckll.).

Agapostemon femoratus Crawford. Males at Riverside. June

16 (Philip Timberlake and Ckll.).

APRIL, 1935]

BENJAMIN— A NEW MOTH

AN ANOMALOUS NEW SPECIES OF MOTH FROM

CALIFORNIA (LEP., PHALAENID^,

APATELIN^)

BY FOSTER H. BENJAMIN

Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine,

Washington, D. C.

Identification of material submitted by Mr. H. H. Keifer for

the State of California Department of Agriculture necessitated

description of one new species with notes on related genera and

species.

Apamea keiferi Benjamin, n. sp.

Male antenna ciliate and fasciculate, the joints marked. Pro-

thorax with a small keel-like crest, metathorax with a spreading

bifurcate crest, abdomen with a dorsal series of small crests.

Tibiffi unarmed in one specimen, armed with a single spine between

the spurs on each hind tibia in two specimens. Head, entire

thorax, and fore wing cream yellow; the latter with the markings

practically obsolete except for a few orange-colored scales ob-

scurely indicating the reniform; fringe nearly concolorous, tinged

with some purplish, obscurely interlined. Hind wing creamy white

but largely appearing fuscous because of a suffusion over the entire

wing excepting the costal and inner margins. Beneath pale cream

color, the inner margins of all wings inconspicuously paler than

the discs; fringes nearly concolorous, on the fore wing slightly

tinted with purplish. Expanse: $ 34 mm.

Type localities and number and sexes of types: Holotype $

and 1 $ paratype, Cedarville, Modoc County, Calif., IX, 14, ’33,

M. L. Jones, collector; 1 $ paratype, Eagleville, Modoc County,

Calif., Sept., 1925, J. Maillard, collector.

Types in U. S. National Museum, excepting one paratype

returned to H. H. Keifer. Cat. No. 50661 U. S. N. M.

Notes: The present species is so similar in superficial appear-

ance to pale and nearly immaculate specimens of Protagrotis

obscura B. & McD., of which there is a long series in the Na-

tional Collection, also from Modoc County, Calif., that the two

species may easily be confused. P. obscura has the male an-

tenna slightly serrate, and the male genitalia distinctly protrud-

ing. The new species has a beaded and fasciculated male an-

teinna, and the male genitalia retracted, the result being that its

male resembles the female of obscura.

Corresponding with the habitus, the holotype and one para-

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yOL. XI, NO. 2

type would fit into the genus Protagrotis under most existing

classifications because of the possession of a single spine on each

hind tibia. The other male paratype would have to be placed

in the genus A pamea Ochsenheimer [in the sense of type Phalcena

[Noctua) chrysographa D. & S.], as no trace of spines or spine

sockets can be found on the tibiae.

The writer is describing the anomalous new species in the

latter genus (rather than in Protagrotis) because the male geni-

talia show a very close relationship to those of the genotype of

Apamea as well as to the whole of the nictitans group of that

genus. These insects, in common, each possess a large triangular

projection from the base of the harpe (the clavus) plus an almost

triangular and well defined cucullus which is produced without

a conspicuous narrowing of the harpe. The latter character, the

peculiar distal portion of the harpe, with the cucullus appearing

almost as if superimposed, defines a group of several intimately

related genera the larvae of which are borers; i. e., Apamea,

Hydroecia, Papaipema, and allies; yet does not occur in the

adults of many other borers, and is unknown elsewhere.

On the other hand, Protagrotis obscura, which Apamea keiferi

so closely resembles, and with which it would be associated by

many workers, has genitalia of the same general pattern as those

of the Agroperina group of the Apatelinae. The character of a

single spine between the spurs of each hind tibia is obviosuly

one which is sporadic in the Apatelinae instead of being indica-

tive of the subfamily Phalaeninae (=Agrotinae) . McDunnough

(1928, Bui. 55, Nat. Mus. Can., p. 17) has already pointed out

that Protagrotis “is essentially non-Agrotid and is better placed

near Luperina and Sidemia.” Furthermore, many examples of

Sidemia devastator Brace (Apatelinae) have a single spine on

each hind tibia. Benjamin (1933, Pan-Pac Ent., 9:149) has dis-

cussed the presence or absence of spines in Oligia minuscuLa

Morrison (Apatelinae). In the last two mentioned instances the

character of the presence or absence of spines does not assume

specific significance.

The writer considers the above digression essential in order

to illustrate his contention that the possession of a single spine

on each hind tibia is of little significance and that this char-

acter should not be used to separate Apamea keiferi from the

nictitans (typical) group of Apamea.

APRIL, 1935]

LANGE— NOCTUID GENITALIA

THE TERMINOLOGY OF THE MALE GENITALIA

OF THE NOCTUID^

BY W. HARRY LANGE, JR.

Oakland, California

The terminology used to describe the male genital armature

of the NoctuidaB is involved and does not apply in all cases to

other families of Lepidoptera. With this in mind is it considered

valuable to present in this paper the more important structures

of the male genitalia that are used in the taxonomy of this group.

In the past there has been a great deal of confusion connected

with the terminology of these organs. Pierce (1909) used names

for his structures that did not conform in all cases with those

of older workers, and where necessary invented new names. Mc-

Dunnough (1911) set up a standard of priority for the nomen-

clature in question. Present workers as Busck and Heinrich in

their work on North American Lepidoptera are inclined to follow

Pierce. In 1914, Pierce changed a few of his nameis to conform

to McDunnough’s suggestions.

For purposes of this paper it has been deemed best to follow

priority, that is, where an investigator has used a suitable name

for a structure. The name applied to the various parts of the

valves are after Pierce (1909).

A. The External Genitalia.

I. The tenth segment.

Uncus (L.uncus, a drag-hook), Gosse, 1883.

The uncus is the dorsal projection of the tenth segment and

together with the socii forms the armature of the anus. It is

usually seen as a projection, hook-like in nature, above the anus,

but may be modified to assume various shapes. In the Noctuidae

it is usually well developed.

Socii (L.socii, a companion). Pierce, 1914.

The socii are a pair of hairy pads at the base of the uncus,

one found on either side. They are not found in the NoctuidaB.

Side Lobe, Buchanan White, 1878.

This term refetrs to a structure located on each side of the

tegumen near its apex, and is very variable in different groups.

It is a conspicuous organ in the PapilionidaB.

Gnathos (Gr. gnathos, the lower jaw). Pierce, 1914; = sub-

scaphium. Pierce, 1909.

The gnathos is a paired organ and when developed in its

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XI, NO. 2

entirety consists of two lateral arms and a ventral plate. It

lies ventral to the anus near the base of the uncus and below

the socii, if the latter are present. It is subject to great varia-

tion, and the ventral plate may be reduced or absent. The

scaphium, as used in the Papilios by Gosse (1883) according

to Pierce (1914) has no connection with the gnathos, but Eyer

(1924) and others are wrong in considering it synonymous with

the gnathos of Pierce.

Scaphium (Gr. skaphe, a boat), Gosse, 1883.

The scaphium as used by Gosse referred to “the mass of

shining white tissue apparently in organic union with the lower

surface of the uncus near its origin.” As has been pointed out

by Chapman (1911) and Mehta (1933), the scaphium is not

sub-anal, but supra-anal and is not synonymous with the sub-

anal gnathos of Pierce (1909). A supra-anal process in certain

Noctuidse, especially in the Catocalinae has been confused with

the scaphium of Gosse, whereas in reality the former is but a

chitinous shield usually attached to the dorsal surface of the

anal tube. The term subuncus is used by some workers for this

structure.

Anus.

The gnathos in the noctuids often forms a tube through which

the anal tube passes. As shown by Zander (1903) and em-

phasized by McDunnough (1911), the anal opening passes be-

tween the uncus and the gnathos and does not pass ventral to

the gnathos as stated by Pierce. Underlying the anal tube is

often a plate or hook-like structure called the subscaphium by

Pierce.

II. The ninth segment.

Tegumen (L. tegumen, a cover), Buchanan White, 1878.

The term tegumen was first applied to the entire ninth seg-

ment by Buchanan White, and was synonymous with the upper

organ of Scudder and Burgess (1870). Present day workers

restrict this term to apply to the dorsal, chitinized part of the

ninth segment which articulates with the vinculum at its lower

extremities, and from which the uncus, socii and gnathos arise.

(Busck and Heinrich, 1921).

Peniculus (L. peniculus, a little tail or brush) , Pierce, 1909.

The peniculus is a lobiform basal process, densely clothed

with hair, situated on either side of the tegumen below the uncus.

APRIL, 1935]

LANGE— NOCTUID GENITALIA

Vinculum (L. a band), Pierce, 1909; = saccus, in part,

Bethune Baker, 1891.

This is the ventral chitinized band representing the sternite

of the ninth segment which articulates with the tegumen at its

lateral margins. In 1891 Baker described the internal invagi-

nation of the vinculum as the' saccus, but most workers apply

the term vinculum to the entire structure, whether produced into

a saccus or not.

Transtilla (L. transtilla, a small cross-beam). Pierce, 1914.

The transtilla is a cross-bar or band-like bridge connecting

the valves at their inner costal edges. It is greatly modified in

some families, and in the NoctuidaB is lacking entirely.

Valves (L. valva, a folding door), Burmeister, 1832; = harpe.

Pierce, 1909.

The valves (valvae) refer to the paired clasping organs which

are hinged below the articulation of the tegumen, and basally

articulate with the vinculum. Pierce refers to the valves in his

work on the Noctuidae as the harpes, a name already having been

applied to another organ by Gosse (1883).

Pierce has given various names to the different organs con-

nected with the valves. The distal part is the cucullus which is

usually separated by a fold or groove from the rest of the valve.

The basal portion is the sacculus, and there may be present from

within the base of the sacculus a small, variously formed organ,

the clavus. The term furca refers to a forked organ arising

below the juxta. The central portion is called the valvula. The

costa refers to the margin of the cucullus, and it may have a

series of incurved spines to which the term corona is applied.

The anal angle is the outer margin of the cucullus, and may have

an anal spine. A thumb-like process on the outer margin of the

valves is termed the pollex, and the digitus is a small, project-

ing papilla in the inner side of the cucullus. The central por-

tion of thd valves finds a complicated prehensile structure, the

harpe, which is usually present, but can be reduced or absent.

The harpe as used by Gosse (1883) referred in the Papilionidae

to the prehensile centrally located structure and can be applied

in the Noctuidae to the same structure. Pierce divides the harpe

into the clasper and ampulla; the former referring to the outer

projecting organ, and the latter to the organ arising from the

inner side of the central area.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yOL. XI, NO. 2

III. The eighth segment.

Rami, (L. ramus-i, a branch), Poljanec, 1902; = cerata

Pierce, 1914.

The rami refer to the distal projections from the eighth

abdominal sternite. They are usually asymmetrical.

Mappa (L. mappa, a napkin). Pierce, 1914.

The loose semicircular flaps covering the cerata and covered

with long, narrow scales were called mappa by Pierce (1914).

IV. The seventh segment.

Coremata (Gr. corema, a brush). Pierce (1914).

This is an organ found on the seventh segment of the abdo-

men in the GeometridaB and consists of an extensile pouch or

bag, clothed with hairs.

B. The internal genitalia.

Penis, Gosse, 1883; = vesica, in part. Pierce, 1914.

The penis as used by Pierce (1914) referred to the entire

intromittent organ, consisting of a chitinous tube, the aBdeagus,

and a sleeve-like eversible membranous tube surrounding the

aBdeagus, the manica. Within the aBdeagus lies the ductus ejacula-

torius, the distal end of which is eversible and was called the

vesica by Pierce.

Ringwall, Zander, 1903; = anellus and juxta. Pierce, 1909,

1914.

This structure as used by Zander referred rather indefinitely

to the membrane surrounding the penis. It refers at the present

time to the cone-like tube or a triangular plate basally supported

by the vinculum and laterally by tbe valves, and serves as the

supporting structure for the aBdeagus. It is synonymous with

Pierce’s anellus and juxta. The anellus may be extended into

lateral processes, the anellus lobes, as in certain PyralidaB, or it

may be united to form a single arm, the calcar, as in certain

GeometridaB. The juxta of Pierce (1909) refers to a band-like

sheath through which the penis is protruded, or in other words,

it is the plate on the ventral surface of the anellus. The juxta

may be decorated on either side by a pad covered with hairs and

scales and called the cristce (Pierce).

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Bethune-Baker, G. T.

1891. Notes on the genitalia of gynandromorphous Eronia

hippia. Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1891, pp. 1-6.

LAN<JE— NOCTUID GENITALIA

APRIL, 1935]

Busck, A., and Heinrich, C.

1921. On the male genitalia of the Microlepidoptera and their

systematic importance. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 23:145-

152.

Chapman, F. A.

1911. On the scaphium of Gosse. Ent. Rec. and Jour. Varia-

tion. 23:285-288, 1 pi.

Eyer, John R

1924. The comparative morphology of the male genitalia of

the primitive Lepidoptera. Jour. Minn. Agr. Exp. Sta.,

Paper No. 54

Gosse, P H.

1883. On the clasping organs ancillary to generation in cer-

tain groups of Lepidoptera. Trans. Linn. Soc. London,

Second Ser., Zool. 2:265-345, 8 pi.

Mehta, Dev. Raj.

1933. Comparative morphology of the male genitalia in Lepi-

doptera. Rec. Ind. Mus. 35:197-266, 114 figs., 1 chart.

McDunnough, J.

1911. On the nomenclature of the male genitalia in Lepi-

doptera. Can. Ent. 43:181-189.

Pierce, F. N.

1909. The genitalia of the group Noctuidae of the Lepidoptera

of the British Islands. Liverpool.

1914. The genitalia of the group Geometridse of the Lepi-

doptera of the British Islands, Liverpool.

White, F. Buchanan.

1878. On the male genital armature in the European Rhopalo-

cera. Trans. Linn. Soc. London., Second Ser. 1:1-359,

pis. 55-57.

Zander, E.

1903. Beitrage zur morphologie der mannlichen Geschle-

chtsanhange der Lepidopteren. Zeit. fur Wiss. Zool.

74:557-615.

Acm.^:odera hepburni var. latiflava Fall

An interesting record of this Buprestid was obtained by Prof.

E. 0. Essig and Dr. J. F. Lamiman from two year old flower stalks

of Yucca mohavensis Sargent. The yucca was collected at the

mouth of Big Tejunga Canyon northwest of San Fernando,

California, February 26, 1935. A single specimen was obtained

when the yucca was cut into pinning blocks. Quite a number of

the stalks showed the larval galleries and one other specimen

was destroyed by the saw. — J. C. Lindahl.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. XI, NO. 2

THE NEARCTIC SPECIES OF ADOXOMYIA

(DIPTERA, STRATIOMYID^)

BY MAURICE T. JAMES

Colorado State College

Species of Adoxomyia Kert., though appearing but rarely

in most collections, seem to be more abundant in the Southwest.

For the loan of specimens used in the preparation of the fol-

lowing review, I am indebted to Dr. R. H. Reamer and his

associates at the University of Kansas; also to Dr. R. H. Painter,

and Dr. H. J. Reinhart, for the loan of material collected in this

region.

The following table will separate the species known from the

Nearctic region.

Key to Adoxomyia Kert.

1. Legs, including tarsi, wholly black 2

— . Tarsi pale, in contrast with the black tibiee 4

2. Third antennal segment black rustica O.S.

— . Third antennal segment reddish-yellow, at least on the basal

annuli 3

3. Wings uniformly hyaline; pile of dorsum of thorax, in male,

erect. claripennis, n. sp.

— . Wings semi-hyaline, but clouded in the basal cells; pile of

dorsum appressed in both sexes appressa, n. sp.

4. Pile of thoracic dorsum erect and wholly pale; that of scutellum

pale argentata Will.

— . Pile of thoracic dorsum appressed; or, if erect, there is con-

siderable black pile 5

5. Antennal style short and thick, one-fourth to one-third the

length of the segment lata Lw.

— . Antennal style three-fourths the length of the segment 6

6. Wings slightly and uniformly infuscated texana, n. sp.

— . Wings clouded in the region of the first and second posterior

cells subulata Lw.

Adoxomyia rustica 0. S.

California (Recorded by Aldrich). Idaho: Moscow (Minn.

U. and Colo. State College Collections). Washington: Cle Elum,

May 1, 1932 (J. Wilcox) and Ellenburg, May 8, 1932 (Baker).

Adoxomyia claripennis James, n. sp.

Male. Body wholly black in ground color. Pile of eyes dense,

black; that of head otherwise white. Third antennal segment

red, except for style, which is black; style about half the length

JAMES— AD OXOMYIA

APRIL, 1935]

of the segment. Thorax and scutellum with abundant white, erect,

pile, and, dorsally, with appressed yellow tomentum; a few black

hairs intermingled with the white. Legs wholly black; white- to

yellow-pilose. Wings hyaline; veins brown; venation normal.

Abdomen with abundant erect to semi-appressed whitish pile; the

anterior segments medially and the posterior ones basally and

medially with considerable short, appressed, black pile. Length,

9 mm.

Holotype: male, Mustang Mts., Ariz., May 13, 1933 (R. H.

Reamer) ; in the Snow Entomological Collection, Kansas Univ.

Adoxomyia appressa James, n. sp.

Male. Body entirely black. Antennae black, the third segment but

slightly thicker than the second; five-annulated, with a two-annu-

lated style, red on the basal three annuli, the style about half as

long as the segment. Pile of eyes dense, black; that of face

chiefly black, with some white pile at the base of the antennas

and on the cheeks; pile of frontal triangle white, that of ocellar

triangle black. Proboscis short, retractile; labellse red. Thorax,

scutellum, and, abdomen clothed densely with white, appressed pile.

Legs wholly black, the tarsi yellow-pilose, otherwise white-pilose.

Wings clouded with gray, tending toward brownish in the basal

and discal cells; veins black, venation normal. Length, 8 — 9 mm.

Female. Similar to the male. Eyes separated; occipital orbits

well-defined. Pile of the head denser, appressed, and wholly pale;

that of the eyes shorter. Third antennal segment thicker, being

definitely thicker than the second. Differs otherwise only sexually.

Holotype, male, Cloudcroft, N. M., June 28, 1932 (R. H.

Reamer) ; in the Snow Entomological Collection; allotopotype,

female, same data; paratopotypes, nine males, two females, same

data.

Adoxomyia argentata Williston

Type, in the Snow Entomological Collection, labelled “Calif.”

Adoxomyia lata Loew

Type from California; recorded from Washington by Wil-

liston.

Adoxomyia texana James, n. sp.

Male. Head black; eyes mostly black-pilose; face with a con-

siderable amount of bushy white pile, interspersed with a little

black pile. Second segment and three basal annuli of third an-

tennal segment red; antennse otherwise black; style long and

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XI, NO. 2

tapering, fully as long as the remainder of the third segment,

and ending in a bristle. Third segment barely broader than the

second. Thorax black, with some semi-appressed white pile on

the sternum; dorsum with two longitudinal stripes of appressed

yellow pile; pile otherwise erect and for the most part black,

except along the dorsal stripes where it is concolorous with the

appressed pile. Scutellum black; pile as on the dorsum; no

appressed pile; spines yellow. Tarsi yellow; apical two or three

tarsomeres somewhat darkened; extreme apices of the femora

and bases of the tibiae yellow; legs otherwise black. Wings rather

uniformly clouded, slightly lighter toward the costal margin;

stigma well-developed; veins brown. Abdomen black with black

erect or semi-erect pile basally, and considerable white or silvery

pile apically and ventrally. Length 7 — 9 mm.

Female. Differs from the male as follows : Third antennal

segment much thicker, being at least twice as thick as the sec-

ond. Pile of the entire body chiefly pale and appressed.

Holotype, male, Brazos Co., Texas, May 27, 1922, No. 3147.

Texas State College Collection. Allotype, female. College Sta-

tion, Texas, June 4, 1923 (H. J. Reinhard).

Paratypes, two males; College Station, Texas, June 4, 12,

1923 (H. J. Reinhard) ; two females, Brownwood, Texas, June

24, 1921 (R. H. Painter) ; one male, Fayetteville, Ark., July

13, 1906; two males, Flint, Okla., June 17, 28, 1933 (J. Stanko-

vitch) ; one male, one female, Wilburton, Okla., June 9, 1934

(A. E. Pritchard).

Adoxomyia subulata Loew

Virginia: Type. Pennsylvania: Philadelphia, June 22, 1893.

Indiana: Lafayette, June 22, 1922 (E. W. Stafford).

Distributional Notes on Some California Elaterid.^:

Meristhus cristatus Horn. A series of about forty specimens

of this rarely captured species was taken by Mr. M. A. Cazier

from a flume at Holtville, California, in July, 1934.

Limonius ulkei Horn. A single example of the rare L. ulkei

was collected at Tehachapi, California, on March 11, 1934, by

Mr. Paul Allen. — Kenneth D. Sloop.

APRIL, 1935]

H ORN— CICINDEL^

ON SOME CICINDEL^ FROM THE PACIFIC COAST OF

MEXICO, THE WEST INDIES AND UNITED STATES

BY WALTHER HORN

Berlin-Dahlem, Germany

Cicindela arizonensis was described by its author as a race

of his C. viridisticta, but in the Deutsche Ent. Zeitschrift, 1903,

p. 182, I have stated that it should be accepted as a distinct

species showing more than one constant difference. At that

date I was familiar only with specimens from the south of

Mexico belonging to the true viridisticta Bates, and from Arizona

north of the Mexican border belonging to the true arizonensis.

Quite recently I have received through the kindness of Mr.

P. J. Darlington of Cambridge, Massachusetts, four specimens

of a new race from middle Mexico which proves without doubt

that the earlier opinion of Bates was right and that my interpreta-

tion was wrong. Below I give a description of the new race.

Cicindela viridisticta interjecta, new subsp. : Differ! a C. viri-

disticta elytrorum marg’ine laterali non glabro-nitidissimo sed

solummodo levius sculpto perparumque micante; corpore toto supra

subtusque plerumque viriditer aut coerulescenter induto. — Differt

a subsp. arizonensis Bates elytrorum signatura reducta; macula

laterali media minutissima, nullum hamulum intus et posticem

versus emittente; lunula apicali magis tenui; pedibus obscure

metallicis. Long. 7-7.5 mm (sine labro).

4 $ prope Guadalajaram (Jalisco, Mexico) ex coll. F. C.

Bowditch per J. F. McClendon, 3, XII, 1903, collectae; 2 $ in

Museo Cambridge, Mass., 2 $ in collectione autoris.

This new race from middle Mexico approaches the arizon-

ensis Bates by the sculpture of the elytra, but differs from that

in the reduced middle spot, as in viridisticta. The pubescence

of the lateral border of the pronotum is just a little less dense

than in the subspecies arizonensis but a little closer than in C.

viridisticta. The pro-episterna and the border of the first abdom-

inal segment show sometimes a few bristles, in this feature also

being intermediate between the other two forms. Sometimes

the apical lunula reaches only to the sutural spine. One of the

four specimens shows a coppery surface, the others are greenish

or bluish aBneous.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL, XI, NO. 2

Over thirty years ago I described in the Journal of the New

York Ent. Soc., XI, 1903, p. 213, a new species of Cicindela

under the name C. schaefferi, drawn from a single specimen

which was given to me by the late Chas. Schaeffer of New York,

with the doubtful locality “California”. Recognizing that it

could not be truly a North American species, I gave in the

description “North Mexico” and later that of “North West

Mexico” as the supposed locality. During the last five years I

have received more specimens of the same species sent to me for

determination from two American museums, St. Paul, Minnesota,

and Cambridge, Massachusetts. All had the exact locality

“Haiti” and all had been collected by Frazer. Thus the enigma

of the locality of this species is now solved. The species belongs

to the West Indian fauna and should be placed there in my group

cyaniventris-card ini.

III

Cicindela alata Liljeblad, described in the Canadian Entom-

ologist, LXIV, 1932, pp, 213, 214, is a synonym of C. cursitans

Lee.

A Mexican Species New to the United States

( ScarabEeidse, Coleoptera)

Phyllophaga (Lachnosterno) dentex Bates

I have examined a large series of this rare species (hitherto

known only by a few specimens from Mexico) taken in the

Huachuca Mts. of Arizona (Carr Canyon) VII-5-24, by Mr. J. 0.

Martin. The majority of the specimens are in the collection of

the California Academy of Sciences. The strongly distorted

outer claw of the middle tarsi, shining castaneous color, erect

pubescence of the upper surface, with longer hairs intermixed

on the elytra, the acute angulation of each claw base making

the claw appear tridentate, and the club of the ten-segmented

antennae (slightly longer than the funicle in the male) should

enable one to readily place the species. Mr. H. E. Hinton has

very kindly compared specimens with the types in the British

Museum. — Lawrence W. Saylor.

APRIL, 1935]

HINTON— HELICHUS

NEW SPECIES OF NORTH AMERICAN HELICHUS

(DRYOPID^, COLEOPTERA)

BY HOWARD E. HINTON

Berkeley, California

The species herein described belong to the productus Lee.

group of the genus, that is, species having the apical ventral

segment densely pubescent. Separation of the species in this

genus is rather difficult on account of the great similarity in

form and sculpture of the various members. However, examin-

ation of the male genitalia offers a rather reliable means of

separating the species and in the future should be figured in con-

nection with the description of new species. The figures were

drawn with the aid of a camera lucida. The first four are magni-

fied equally, and the fifth, E, is not as highly magnified.

Helichus PRODUCTUS Lec.

(PI. 1, fig. A)

Le Conte, J. L., Proc. Acad. N. S. Phila., VI. p. 43, 1852

Examination of numerous specimens of this species from

various localities in California shows that there is some varia-

tion in the degree of dilation of the apices of the lateral lobes

of the male genitalia. The specimen figured was taken at

Mokelumne Hill, Calaveras Co.

Helichus thoracicus Hinton, new species

(PI. 1, fig. B)

Moderately elongate, subparallel, rather robust; moderately

densely clothed above with short, recumbent brownish hairs;

black, shining; antennae dark-testaceous, tarsi piceous.

Head with a small, shallow impression on vertex, finely, densely

punctate and with fine, moderately dense granules anteriorly.

Prothorax four-fifths as long as wide, evenly convex, sides

slightly arcuate, sinuate before hind angles; disk moderately

coarsely, moderately densely punctate, with much finer punctures

intermixed throughout, base and sides finely, sparsely, irregularly

granulate.

Elytral disk with the striae shallowly impressed and coarsely,

moderately closely punctate; intervals flat, finely, moderately

sparsely punctate, outer intervals very finely, moderately densely

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[vOL. XI, NO. 2

granulate; scutellum subovate, base broadly arcuate, finely,

sparsely punctate.

Beneath minutely, moderately densely granulate and clothed

throughout with short, recumbent, brownish hairs; apical ventral

segment densely pubescent. Lateral lobes of male genitalia slender

at apex; tegmen very wide, very broadly rounded at apex. Length

7-7.5 mm.; breadth, 3 mm.

The type, a male, in collection of the writer, and four para-

types were collected by R. L. Usinger and the writer at La

Venta, Mexico, D. F., on July 18, 1933, at an elevation of about

8,000 feet. Four additional paratypes were collected at Pueblo,

Mexico. Three paratypes are deposited in the collection of the

U. S. National Museum and the remainder in the collection of

the writer.

In three of the paratypes from Pueblo, the prothorax is

slightly declivous before the base. Its much coarser prothoracic

punctation will serve to readily separate it from H. productus

Lee. The coarser punctation approaches that of H. puncticollis

Sharp.

Helichus propinquus Hinton, new species

(PI. 1, fig. C)

Moderately elongate, subparallel, rather robust; moder-

ately densely clothed above with short, recumbent, brownish

hairs ; black, shining ; antennse dark testaceous, tarsi dark piceous.

Head slightly depressed on vertex, finely, densely punctate,

anteriorly and at sides somewhat rugulosely punctate and sparsely,

minutely granulate.

Prothorax about four-fifths as long as wide, evenly convex,

sides arcuate, sinuate before hind angles; disk finely, densely

punctate, with finer punctures intermixed throughout, sides and

base finely, moderately sparsely granulate and extremely finely,

densely punctate.

Elytral disk with the striae shallowly impressed and moderately

coarsely, closely punctuate; intervals flat, near suture sparsely,

microscopically punctuate, elsewhere minutely, moderately densely

granulate; scutellum subovate, base broadly arcuate, finely moder-

ately densely punctuate.

Beneath minutely, moderately densely granulate and clothed

throughout with short, dense, recumbent, pale hairs ; apical ventral

segment densely pubescent. Lateral lobes of male genitalia with

the apices stout, somewhat triangular and slightly hooked; tegmen

very slender and acute at apex. Length, 6.5-8.5 mm.; breadth,

2. 8-3. 8 mm.

HINTON— HELICHUS

APRIL, 1935]

The type (No. 3975, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ent.) and

numerous paratypes were collected by J. R. Slevin at Sierra

Laguna, Lower California, Mexico, on August 15, 1919. Seven

paratypes are deposited in the collection of the writer, one in

the collection of Professor P. N. Musgrave, and the remainder

in the collection of the California Academy of Sciences. The

writer is indebted to the California Academy of Sciences for the

opportunity of studying this species.

From H. thoracicus Hntn. it differs in not having the coarse

prothoracie punctation. H. propinquus is very close to pro-

ductus Lee., but it may be separated from the latter by having

the apex of the tegmen slender and acutely pointed instead of

rather wide and broadly rounded. In H. propinquus the apices

of the lateral lobes are very stout, somewhat triangular, and

slightly hooked, whereas in H. productus Lee. they are, in the

series before me, never as stout and never hooked.

Helichus musgravei Hinton, new species

(PI. 1, fig. D)

Moderately elongate, subparallel, rather robust; clothed above

with short, moderately dense, brownish hairs; black, shining;

antennae dark testaceous, tarsi piceous.

Head moderately finely, densely and confluently punctate.

Prothorax four-fifths as long as wide, evenly convex, sides

moderately arcuate, sinuate before hind angles; disk moderately

finely, densely punctate, with finer punctures intermixed through-

out, more sparsely punctate anteriorly and finely, densely

punctate at sides and base.

Elytral disk with the strige coarsely and moderately closely

punctate; intervals flat, near suture finely, moderately densely

punctate, elsewhere minutely, moderately densely granulate;

scutellum subovate, base broadly arcuate, finely, sparsely punctate.

Beneath moderately densely, minutely granulate and densely

clothed throughout with short, recumbent, somewhat testaceous

hairs; apical ventral segment densely pubescent. Lateral lobes

of male genitalia with the apices slender, elongate and distinctly

triangular. Length, 6.2 mm., breadth, 2.8 mm.

The type, a male deposited in the collection of the U. S.

National Museum, and numerous paratypes were taken by R. L.

Usinger and the writer at Real de Arriba, District of Temascal-

tepec, Mexico, in May, June, and July 1933, at an elevation of

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XI, NO. 2

A. Helichus productus Lee.

B. Helichus thoracicus Hntn.

C. Helichus propinquus Hntn.

D. Helichus musgravei Hntn.

E. Helichus confluentus Hntn.

APRIL, 1935]

HIN TON— HE LICHUS

6,000-7,000 feet. Additional paratypes were taken at Tejupilco,

in June at an elevation of 4,000 feet. Paratypes are deposited

in the collection of Professor P. N. Musgrave, for whom I take

great pleasure in naming this species.

The punctation of the prothorax is somewhat coarser than

that of H. productus Lee., but it is not as coarse as that of H.

thoracicus Hntn. The apices of the lateral lobes are triangular

but much more slender than those of H. propinquus Hntn.; and

the apex of the tegmen is not slender and acute, but it is wide and

broadly rounded as in H. productus Lee. and H. thoracicus Hntn.

Helichus confluentus Hinton, new species

(PI. 1, fig. E)

Moderately elongate, subparallel, rather robust; moderately

densely clothed above with short, recumbent, pale hairs; black,

shining; antennae dark testaceous, tarsi piceous.

Head slightly depressed on vertex, finely, densely punctate

and minutely, sparsely granulate.

Prothorax four-fifths as long as wide, evenly convex, sides

slightly arcuate, sinuate before hind angles; disk finely, rather

densely punctate, with extremely fine, very dense punctures inter-

mixed throughout, sides and base finely, moderately sparsely granu-

late and also punctate with extremely fine, dense punctures.

Elytral disk with the striae shallowly impressed and coarsely,

moderately closely punctate; intervals flat, near suture sparsely,

minutely granulate, finely, irregularly and densely, microscopically

punctate, elsewhere minutely, moderately densely granulate ;

scutellum subovate, base broadly arcuate, finely, sparsely punctate

and sparsely granulate.

Beneath minutely, moderately densely granulate and clothed

throughout with short, dense, recumbent, pale-testaceous hairs;

apical ventral segment densely pubescent. Male genitalia flattened

dorso-ventrally, lateral lobes rather straight, slender at apex;

tegmen rather short, narrow and acutely pointed at apex. Length,

6.6 mm.; breadth, 3 mm.

The type (No. 3976, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ent.) and two

paratypes were taken by E. G. Linsley at Cave Creek, Chiricahua

Mts., Arizona, on July 3, 1932.

The flattened male genitalia will separate this from the species

having the apical ventral segment densely pubescent. The struc-

ture of the male genitalia is intermediate in form between that

of the H. productus Lee. and H. lithophilus Germ, groups of the

genus.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XI, NO. 2

CERAMBYCID.^: FROM THE REVILLAGEGEDO ISLANDS,

MEXICO

(Coleoptera)

BY E. GORTON LINSLEY

University of California, Berkeley

In May, 1925, an expedition of the California Academy of

Sciences visited the Revillagegedo Islands. Among the Coleoptera

taken at that time were two species of Cerambycidae, one on

Clarion Island, about four hundred miles from the mainland,

and one on Socorro Island, about two hundred and fifty miles

from the mainland. Since no longicorn beetles have ever been

recorded from this island group, they seem worthy of note. The

writer is indebted to Mrs. F. M. Abernathy for the accompanying

illustration.

Nesodes Linsley, new genus (Phoracanthini)

Short, robust, convex, irregularly clothed with recumbent, white

pubescence. Head flat between the antennae; antennal tubercles

scarcely elevated; palpi unequal in length, last segment nar-

rowly triangular ; antennae slightly longer than the body ( ^ ) ,

distinctly shorter than the body ( $ ), unarmed; scape stout, fourth

segment shorter than third or fifth segments, segments five to

eleven flattened, sulcate on their upper surface. Prothorax stout,

sides feebly to strongly rounded; width subequal to length or

slightly transverse; disk with a median, polished vitta. Scutellum

transverse. Elytra slightly less than two and one-half times as

long as broad, sides feebly rounded; apices a little dehiscent,

separately rounded; hind wings rudimentary, only about two-thirds

as long as abdomen. Legs short; femora stout, not attaining the

apex of the elytra in either sex; tibiee carinate at base; tarsi short,

broad, first segment of posterior pair scarcely longer than second

segment. Prosternum narrow between the coxae; anterior coxal

cavities closed externally. Mesosternum broad between the coxae;

intermediate coxal cavities open externally.

Genotype: Nesodes insularis n. sp.

APRIL, 1935]

LINSLEY— CERAMBYCID^

Nesodes insularis Linsley

This genus exhibits a very marked degeneration from the

typical Elaphidion-Anoplium type to which it seems most closely

related. This degeneration is due, no doubt, to modification for

an insular existence. It may be distinguished from all other

genera of the Phoracanthini by the robust, obtuse form, very

large prothorax, short and somewhat rounded elytra which expose

the apex of the abdomen in both sexes, greatly reduced hind

wings which are useless for flight, and by the complete absence

of any spines on the antennae, elytral apices, or femora. The

tibiae are carinate near the base and the outer antennal segments

are distinctly flattened.

Nesodes bears a distinct superficial resemblance to Cacophris-

sus Bates (Hesperophanini) , but differs in the widely open inter-

mediate coxal cavities, the shorter and heavier femora which do

not attain the apex of the elytra in either sex, the smooth, median,

pronotal vitta, and antennal structure.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XI, NO. 2

Nesodes insularis Linsley, new species

Dark brown, irregularly clothed with recumbent, white hairs.

Head coarsely punctured, pubescence sparse on front, condensed

into a dense white patch at the base of the antennae; antennae

more finely and closely punctured than the head, densely pubescent,

with scattered erect setae along the inner side of the second and

third segments. Prothorax densely punctured except for median

smooth vitta, with coarse and fine punctures intermixed; pubescence

condensed into irregular white patches. Scutellum densely pubes-

cent. Elytra coarsely but not closely punctured, densely clothed with

white, recumbent pubescence. Pygidium finely, sparsely punctured,

clothed with long, suberect hairs. Legs and ventral surface finely,

closely punctured, densely, finely pubescent. Length, 11-18 mm.;

breadth 3.3-5.3 mm.

Holotypei male (No. 3977, C.A.S.Ent.), allotype female (No.

3978, C.A.S.Ent.), and ten paratypes, taken on Clarion Island,

May 1, 1925, by Mr. H. H. Keifer. One pair of paratypes is

deposited in the collection of the writer, the remainder in the

collection of the California Academy of Sciences.

In style of markings and arrangement of pubescence this

species resembles Anoplium inerme Newman more closely than

any other longicorn known to the writer, but it may be readily

distinguished from that species by the generic characters.

Mr. Keifer informs me that he took the type series of

N. insularis on the south side of the island, where it was found on

the lower levels boring in the pith of living leguminous shrubs,

Sophria tomentosa Linn\ He also found three examples in

a loaf of bread on a morning after having spent the night on the

island.

Acanthoderes peninsularis Horn

A series of this well-known Lower Californian and Mexican

species was reared from Hippomane mancinella Linn, on Socorro

Island, by Mr. Kedfer. The specimens differ slightly in color

from the typical forms, but otherwise are conspecific.

Dectes spinosus Say

Mr. K. D. Sloop has recently submitted to the writer examples

of D. spinosus from Glendale, Calif. This species has been pre-

viously recorded from as far west as Arizona, but this is appar-

ently the first California record. — E. Gorton Linsley.

^ Johnston, 1931, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. Ser. 4, XX, p. 68.

APRIL, 1935]

HOPPING— MYCTERUS

REVISION OF THE GENUS MYCTERUS CLAIRV/

(COLEOPTERA, PYTHIDAE)

BY RALPH HOPPING

Vernon, B. C.

For fifty-five years the American species of the genus

Mycterus Clairv. have stood as Dr, Horn' left them in 1879 with

four species. The American part of the genus of late years has

been placed in the family Melandryidce but in 1928 Mr, K, G,

Blair^ again placed it in the Pythidce where it evidently belongs,

close to the genus Cariderus Muls, {Rhinosimus Latr,)

A new species has been sent me by Mr, F, T, Scott from

California and a few observations on the genus may be helpful.

Color: Although the color of the legs seems to be constant

in the large series before me, to base the determination of the

species on color alone, in a key, is often misleading without other

characters, especially for the main divisions. In thei species

before me the color of the elytra seems to be always uniform in

scaber, canescens and elongata n, sp. In concolor and quad-

ricollis either piceous or testaceous, but in the former only the

female may have elytra light-colored and in the latter it may be

either sex.

Sexual characters: The several species present very good

sexual characters. For instance the males of canescens have an

oval or sometimes nearly round smooth area between the hind

coxae on the first visible abdominal segment, while the females

have a median tumidity, sometimes almost a carina on the last

ventral segment. The male intercoxal character in concolor is

much larger, strongly elevated, strigulose, much wider posteriorly

and pointed anteriorly and the female lacks the median tumidity

of the female of canescens.

The sexes of both of the above species have the antennas nearly

alike, all subserrate, M. scaber and quadricollis, however, have

the antennas much modified in the males as compared with the

subserrate antennae of the females, the male of scaber also having

a small tubercle between the hind coxae, which is lacking in the

^ Contribution from the Entomological Branch, Dept, of Agriculture, Ottawa.

^ Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., VII, October, 1879, p. S3G.

® Junk Col. Cat., No. 99, 1928.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XI, NO. 2

males of quadricollis but is replaced by a brown pubescent area,

medianly placed, on each of the four ventral segments.

Specimens in collections seem to run largely to females.

Of 96 canescens before me 26 are males and 70 females, of 80

concolor, 7 are males and 73 females, of scaber 2 are males and

11 females, while the 22 quadricollis are nearly equal in the

sexes, 12 males and 10 females. The dates of collection probably

explain this inequality as collections made in May and June

contain about an equal number of both sexes, while the specimens

collected in July and August are largely females. For instance

of 47 specimens of concolor collected in the latter part of July

in British Columbia only one was a male, while in the 22 speci-

mens of quadricollis collected before June 15th the number of

males and females is nearly equal.

The following key, while using the color of the legs as

secondary characters, endeavors to separate the species by char-

acters other than color. Unfortunately no males have yet been

seen of the new species elongata.

Key to the Species

A. Pronotum elongate, wider at base than at apex.

B. Vestiture canescent or silvery with elytral punctures with

stiff white bristles, fore and middle legs flavous, hind legs

more or less piceous 1. canescens Horn.

BB. Vestiture sparse, generally inconspicuous with all three

pairs of legs the same color.

C. Third segment of the antennee not much longer than

the fourth, form elongate with parallel sides to the

elytra 2. elongata n. sp.

CC. Third segment of the antennse twice as long as fourth,

form comparatively short, sides of elytra more or less

rounded and generally slightly wider toward apex.

D. Antennae of both sexes subserrate, legs piceous.

Western species 3. concolor Lee.

DD. Antennae of male with segments laterally pro-

duced, female subserrate, legs flavous. Eastern

species 4. scaber Hald.

AA. Pronotum quadrate, not wider at base than at apex, distal

segments of antennae in male laterally produced, female sub-

serrate 5. quadricollis Horn.

1. Mycterus canescens Horn

1879, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., VII, p. 337.

Length, male 3-4 mm.; female 3-6 mm. Piceous with antennae,

clypeus and fore and middle legs flavous, hind legs piceous; ves-

APRIL, 1935]

HOPPING— MYCTERUS

titure silvery, the punctures of the elytra each having a stiff white

hair.

Males are generally smaller than females and have between

the hind coxae a round or slightly elliptical, raised, denuded spot

which is very finely punctate, the last ventral segment not reflexed

at the margin. Females vary tremendously in size, some of them

being as small as the smallest males; the last ventral segment is

also not reflexed on the margin, and has a median tumidity, some-

times becoming a short carina, by which the females can always

be told from concolor.

The 96 specimens, 26 males and 70 females, before me, are

from all parts of California and southern Oregon. Like concolor

it is often found on flowers of Ceanothus,

2. Mycterus elongata Hopping, n. sp.

Length, female 7 mm. Piceous with legs, antennse, head, pro-

notum and basal margin of elytra dark rufous. Sides of elytra

parallel and form elongate. Head below the eyes with margins

scarcely elevated; antennse slender, subserrate, with the third

segment very little longer than the fourth, front of head densely

punctured; pronotum wider at base than at apex and as densely

punctured as the head; elytra with faint indications of carinse on

the disc, punctures irregularly placed, rather wide apart and

shallow, becoming somewhat denser toward apex, sides rather

abrupt, the lateral margins feeble; last ventral segment without

median tubercle, convex, with margin not distinctly reflexed.

Holotype, female. No. 3863 in the Canadian National Col-

lection, bears the label “Sequoia Nat. Park, Cal. 6-1930. F. T.

Scott, Collector.” Three paratypes, females, two bearing the

label “Kaweah 7-9-33” and one “Sequoia Nat. Park, Cal. 6-1933”

are in the collections of Mr. F. T. Scott of Visalia, Calif., of Mr.

Roy Wagner of Fresno, Calif, and in that of the author. Kaweah,

Calif., is just outside of the Sequoia National Park in Tulare Co.,

California.

This species differs from all the other known species of

America north of Mexico in its convex elongate form and

parallel sides of the elytra as well as in color.

3. Mycterus concolor Lee.

1853, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 235.

Length, male 3.5-5 mm. Female, 4-7 mm. In a large series

of this species the males are entirely piceous but the females may

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL, XI, NO. 2

be piceous or with flavous elytra. Dr. Horn suppressed his var.

flavipenms as only occasional females have the flavous or

brownish elytra. The males have between the hind coxaB an

abruptly raised shining process or umbone, wide at the base

and pointed at the apex between the coxaB. The females have

the margin of the last ventral segment strongly reflexed without

a median tubercle or carina.

7 males, 37 females, examined from California, Oregon and

British Columbia. Dr. Horn gives Colorado, New Mexico, and

Nevada while the Leng list gives New Mexico and Southern

California. It is probably found from the Rockies westward,

often on species of flowering Ceanothus.

4. Mycterus scaber Hald.

1843, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila. p. 308.

Length male 3.5-4.5 mm., female 3. 5-5.5 mm. Besides being

an Eastern species, the males can always be told from those of

concolor by the transverse segments 3 to 11 of the antennas in

scaber, these in concolor being subserrate. The females strongly

resemble each other but differ in the last ventral segment, which

is small and barely if at all reflexed on the margin in scaber but

broadly and strongly reflexed in concolor. The male of scaber

has only a small tubercle between the hind coxas. Only ten speci-

mens are before me, 2 males and 7 females, from Massachusetts

and Virginia but it is said to occur all along the Atlantic Coast.

5. Mycterus quadricollis Horn.

1874, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. V, p. 42.

Length male 5-6 mm., female 5-6.5 mm. Besides having the

pronotum as wide as long with vague impressions, this species

has the front of the head before the eyes, antennas, legs and

margin of the last ventral segment flavous. The elytra in both

sexes are either black or flavous and shining. The males have

the antennal segments 4-10, much wider than long, and the

females segments 4-10 approximately as wide as long. The last

ventral segment in the male is broadly expanded, but in the fe-

male it is small, abrupt, without expanded margins and almost

diamond-shaped. Ventral segments 1-4 with a median patch of

brownish pubescence in the male. It is generally found in the

deserts of the southwest on the blossoms of Yucca arhorescens

Torr.

FLANDERS— TRICHOGRAMMA

APRIL, 1935]

TWO DESCRIBED SPECIES OF TRICHOGRAMMA

VALIDATED

BY STANLEY E. FLANDERS

Citrus Experiment Station, Riverside, Calif.

Recent investigations by various workers have shown that at

least two species of Tricho gramma that have been synonymized

with T. evanescens Westw. have decidedly distinct characteristics

and should be re-established as separate species. T. embryo-

phagus (Hartig) and T. semhlidis (Aur.) appear very distinct

from the type species of the genus, T. evanescens.

When these three forms are subjected to temperatures above

77° F, at least during the “prepupa” stage of development, the

color of the females of each form is strikingly distinct from

that of the others. At warm summer temperatures, therefore

Trichogramma embryo phagus is clear yellow, T. evanescens is

orange-yellow with fuscous markings, at least on the dorsum of

the abdomen, and T. semblidis is dilute fuscous with no trace

of yellow.

Van Steenburgh found that these color forms would not

interbreed and that they differed in their responses to environ-

mental conditions in the field. At a constant temperature of

80° F. he found that their life cycles were 8, 8]^, and 9 days,

respectively.

The fact that two of these forms would not interbreed was

first noted by Girault in 1911. Trichogramma embryo phagus

is reported as having thelyotokous and arrhenotokous races.

The males of T. semblidis are commonly dimorphic.

Trichogramma minutum Riley may be considered as a

synonym of T. evanescens, and T. pretiosa Riley a synonym of

T. embryo phagus.

Aurivillius, Chr.

1897. Entomologisk Tidskrift. 18:249-255.

Girault, A. A.

1911. Bull. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc. 9:145-165.

1913. Revue russe d’Entomologie, 13:292-294.

Hartig, T.

1838. Jahresber. Fortschr. Forster. 1:250.

Perkins, R. C. L.

1912. Exp. Sta. H.S.P.A. Entom. Bui. 10:19.

Van Steenburgh, W. E.

1934. Can. Journ. Res. 10:287-314.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XI, NO. 2

A NEW APHODIUS OF THE CADAVERINUS GROUP

(Coleoptera; Scarabaeidae)

BY LAWRENCE W. SAYLOR

University of California, Berkeley

Aphodius dilaticollis Saylor, new sp.

Very robust, piceous, strongly shining. Head with front and

base of clypeus densely very finely punctured, the former with

about half a dozen much larger punctures in a group each side

of the middle; clypeus strongly convergent anteriorly, apex shal-

lowly broadly emarginate, angles broadly rounded, margins not

reflexed, surface coarsely rugose, with a faint suggestion of a

transverse ridge near apex; genae subprominent, obtusely rounded.

Prothorax much wider than elytra at base, only a little less wide

behind than in front, hind angles broadly rounded, lateral margins

evenly arcuate, hind margin with strong' entire basal marginal

line; disc with one type of puncturation only, the large coarse

punctures almost lacking in anterior third, sparsely punctuate

at middle, the punctures separated by from one to two or even

four times their diameter, along the base and each side of middle

with many punctures irregularly arranged and never closer than

about once their diameter. Elytra oblong-oval, much smaller than

thorax at base; humeral angles rounded, sides only slightly con-

vergent towards the base; striae finely punctured; intervals feebly

convex, extremely finely evenly punctured over the entire area.

Mesosternum carinate between the coxae. Hind tibiae with equal

spinules at apex, first segment of hind tarsi as long as next three

combined. Upper face of anterior tibiae crenulate externally, sur-

face impunctate; inner spur slightly thickened and curved in-

wards. Length 7.7 mm. Width 3.7 mm.

The unique type, in the author’s collection, is from Yamhill

County, Oregon, collected by E. S. Ross and by him presented

to me.

Resembles A. ovipennis most closely as to size, but abun-

dantly distinct by the rounded instead of dentate humeral angles,

etc. This species is the largest of the cadaverinus group and

keys to A. cribratulus in Horn’s papeP and in Van Dyke’s key*,

but is easily separated from this by the thorax not being nar-

rowed behind while in the latter it is very much so, and in the

former the thorax is much wider at base than the elytra instead

of much narrower as in the latter. The striae also are much less

coarsely punctured in dilaticollis.

^ Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XIV, 1887, p. 28,

^ Pan-Pac. Ent., IV, p. 153, 1928.

APRIL, 1935]

LINSLEY— JULIUS MELZER

Julius Melzer (1878-1934)

The cause of entomology in South America has recently sus-

tained a severe loss in the death on December 20, 1934, of Mr.

Julius Melzer. Although Mr. Melzer was not very well known

to the general entomologist in North America his work was

familiar to all who worked with the Neotropical Coleopterous

fauna. Born in Stolp, Pommern, Germany, on June 11, 1878\

Julius Melzer went to Brazil in 1900 under contract with the

firm of Herman Stoltz & Co. He soon became interested in

insects and started the studies which later made him the greatest

South American authority on the Cerambycidae. One of his

earliest papers was a monograph of the PrioninaB (1919). He

first published in the Revista do Museu Paulista, later in the

Archives do Institute Biologico de Sao Paulo, and more recently

in the Revista de Entomologia. The list of his works is not long,

about twenty papers, but these were all important contributions.

Although in the employ of a large firm which demanded a great

deal of his time, he found spare moments in which to describe

some three hundred new species from the Neotropical fauna.

His descriptions are clear and concise, his papers well illustrated,

and all who worked with him found him very generous and help-

ful. Upon Mr. Melzer’s death his collection was deposited in

the Institute de Biologia Vegetal in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. — E.

Gorton Linsley.

Correction of Errors in Preceding Number

Several errors in “make up” crept into the last number of

the Pan-Pacific Entomologist (XI. No. 1) and were not detected

in time for correction.

Page 8, line 8 from top. The foot note (4) will be found at

bottom of page 182 of Vol. X and should have been repeated.

Page 13. Two foot notes should have been dropped to bottom

of page.

Page 21, line 3 from bottom should have given the antennal

segments as “first and second, and third and fourth”.

Page 22, line 3 below cut of beetle should have been the second

line above this cut.

Page 46. The name Osmia rupestris Ckll. should have been

above line 6 from bottom, and should have been omitted from top

of page 47. A corrected copy of this article goes to subscribers.

— Editor.

^ Data concerning' Mr. Melzer’s life was very kindly supplied by Dr. Thomaz

Borgmeier who will publish a fuller notice in an early number of the Revista de

Entomologia for 1936.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XI, NO. 2

A NEW CALIFORNIA BUTTERFLY

BY THEO. W. HOWER

Euphydryas quino ruby® Hower, new tr. f.

Having the malculation of the discal area of the wings of both

upper and under sides fused through the interspaces similar to

Euphydras chalcedona ah. fusimacvla. Markings along outer

margins normal. Bases black except for normal red markings.

Classification : albifusism.

Holotype 9 expanse 45 mm. Dana Point, Orange County,

California, March 17, 1935, in author’s collection. I take great

pleasure in naming this beautiful tr. f. after my wife and co-

worker. There has been much discussion among Lepidopterists

as to whether the parent species of ruhjce should be called E.

quino Behr or E. editha race wrightii Gunder. I do not wish

to go into this question here but wish to state that ruhyce is

referable to the editha group of Southern California butterflies

whether they should be called quino as illustrated in Dr. Com-

stock’s book, “Butterflies of California,” or wrightii as described

by Mr. Gunder in the Pan-Pacific Entomologist, Vol. VI, No. 1,

July, 1929.

A New Locality Record for California

Several females of Zelleria haimbachi Busck, determined by

Mr. August Busck of the U. S. National Museum, were reared

from Pinus ponder osa terminals from July 30 to August 3,

1934, in material collected by Mr. R. L. Furniss in the Antelope

Plantation, Lassen National Forest on July 25 of the same year.

(Reared under Hopkins U. S. No. 21095b) .

This is reported as probably being a new locality record by

Mr. H. H. Keifer of the State Department of Agriculture. Dr.

K. A. Salman of the Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quaran-

tine reports this species as being abundant on other plot areas

in the east side of Lassen and Plumas National Forests.

The larv® web the needles together, and mine them near the

base of the sheath, resulting in the complete cutting of the bundle.

The needles do not fall, being held together by the webbing.

This defoliator is at present only of secondary importance

in the above mentioned localities. — W. Harry Lange, Jr.

APRIL, 1935]

VAN DYKE— BRACHYRHININ^

NEW SPECIES OF NORTH AMERICAN WEEVILS IN THE

FAMILY CURCULIONID^, SUBFAMILY

BRACHYRHININAE, HI

BY EDWIN C. VAN DYKE

University of California, Berkeley, California

Part 3, continued from p. 48

Tribe Tropiphorini (continued)

Genus Mimetes Schonherr

Mimetes Schonh., Mantissa Secunda Familige Curcul., 1847, pp.

23-24.

Mimetes Schonh., Lacord., Gen. Coleopt., VI, 1863, pp. 39-40.

Mimetes Schonh., Horn., Rhyn. N. Am., Proc. Am, Phil. Soc. XV,

1876, pp. 44-45

Mimetes Schonh., Pierce, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXXVII, 1909,

p. 348

Stamoderes Csy., Anns. N.Y. Acad. Sci., IV, 1888, p. 237

Amotus Csy., Anns. N.Y. Acad. Sci., IV, 1888, p. 243

Amotus Csy., Pierce, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXXVII, 1909, p. 348

The genus Mimetes has greatly puzzled me during recent

years and only recently 1 expressed the opinion that it would

have to be removed to the tribe Epicaerini\ After a restudy of

the case, I have come to the conclusion that it had better remain

in the tribe Tropiphorini for, although there are no well marked

postocular prothoracic lobes, there are distinct fimbriae where

such lobes normally occur. The Epicaerini are absolutely without

these. I also now feel that Dr. George Horn was right in his

determination of Mimetes and that both Casey and Pierce lacked

a proper comprehension of the affair. There are no generic

differences between Stamoderes Csy., and Amotus Csy., and both

are synonyms of Mimetes Schn. It is a genus strictly limited to

our Pacific Coast and dominant in California.

Key to Species

1. Pile of elytra very short, depressed and not distinctly seen

except on declivity 2

— . Pile of elytra moderately long, suberect and readily seen over

entire area 3

2. Elytral intervals more or less convex at sides and alternate

ones generally well elevated on declivity; head with marked

transverse impression at base of rostrum; funicular segments

somewhat elongate, the terminal at least as long as broad.

S. W. Calif setulosus Schonh.

^ New species of North American weevils in the Family Curculionide, etc.,

Pan-Pacific Ent., X, 1934, p. 182.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XI, NO. 2

— . Elytral intervals much flattened, but slightly if at all convex

at sides and apex; head but feebly transversely impressed at

base of rostrum, the upper surface of head and rostrum on

same plane; funicular segments more moniliform, outer two

Evidently transverse. N. W. Calif uniformis (Csy.)

3. Larger species, 6-7 mm. long; elytral intervals feebly convex,

declivity abrupt with sutural intervals not prominently ele-

vated in a keel-like manner near apex; prothorax broadly

arcuate at sides and much narrowed near apex Southern

San Joaquin Valley, Calif longipennis Pierce

— , Smaller species, 4-6 mm. in length; elytral intervals always

flattened, declivity arcuate and very oblique, with sutural in-

tervals prominently elevated in keel-like manner near apex;

prothorax subcylindrical and but moderately narrowed near

apex 4

4. Elytra somewhat cordate, generally broad at humeri, the

setae coarse, moderately long and well spaced ; prothorax rather

suddenly though not greatly narrowed or constricted in front;

head with evident transverse impression at base of rostrum.

Antioch, Calif seniculus Horn

— . Elytra evenly elliptical, the setae shorter, finer, closer together

and more regular; pro thorax gradually narrowed toward

front; head with vague or shallow transverse impression at

base of rostrum. Eastern Wash lanei, n. sp.

Mimetes setulosus Schonherr

This species, I am confident, was properly recognized by

Horn (1876). It is very common at times and quite widely dis-

tributed throughout the territory from Ventura to San Diego

County, California. It is normally found during the months of

April and May on various hillside shrubs, but when these have

been removed for purposes of cultivation, it may attack the

orchard trees or crops planted in their place. Casey’s gracilior

and longisternus are synonyms. It is a more or less variable

species as to size, coloration and structure as usual.

Mimetes uniformis Casey

The more characteristic specimens of this species of a uni-

form pearly gray color are quite easily recognized. They, how-

ever, are often dark brown with the sides of prothorax and elyttral

suture gray as well as much of elytra also spotted with gray.

Then they much resemble the following especially if the speci-

mens be small. Both seniculus and lanei have rather long pile,

hardly evident in uniformis. The former also generally has a

gray vitta in the middle of prothorax and the elytra ovate rather

APRIL, 1935]

VAN DYKE— BRACHYRHININ^

than elliptical. Small specimens of both uniformis and seni-

culus were sent on to Dr. P. J. Darlington Jr. and by him kindly

compared with the Horn type of seniculus in the Cambridge

Museum.

This species is very variable as to size and coloration, the

females as a rule are much larger and lighter than the males.

It is common in April and May on the willows and other shrubs

along the sandy margins of the Russian River. More recently,

A. D. Borden has found it destructive to the buds of apple trees

at Sebastopol, California, and last year, April, 1934, Professor

E. 0. Essig and I found it abundant on all shrubs along the

sandy bottom lands of both the VanDuzen and Eel river valleys

in Humboldt County. It is no doubt widely distributed through-

out northwestern California and common at the proper season,

which is, however, a very short one.

Mimetes longipennis (Pierce)

A very distinct species. It is one of the larger species of the

genus, somewhat resembling setulosus, but with a more rotund

prothorax and rather long, suberect setae. It seems to be con-

fined to the southern part of the San Joaquin valley in California.

Mimetes seniculus Horn

Rather small, densely clothed with silvery gray, light and

dark brown scales arranged in a tessellated manner, the gray

scales dominating on head, in a median and lateral stripes on

prothorax, along the suture and sides of elytra and beneath, and

sparsely pilose. Head with front somewhat flattened, interocular

space three times breadth of single eye; rostrum at least twice

as long as broad, widened at base, separated above from head by

a distinct transverse impression, feebly arcuate and with a smooth

median line; scrobes deep, well arched and passing rapidly be-

neath; antennae as usual in genus; eyes moderately prominent.

Prothorax slightly broader than long, sides arcuate, narrowing

forwards, feebly constricted before base and more broadly near

apex, disk convex and sparsely setose. Elytra over a fourth longer

than broad, at least twice as long as forebody and a third broader

than prothorax; sides well rounded at humeri, almost parallel or

feebly arcuate at middle, thence arcuate and later straight and

convergent to apex; disk convex, evenly arcuate at apical de-

clivity; striae finely impressed and finely punctured; intervals flat

except sutural which is somewhat elevated toward apex in the

form of a blunt carina, and the fifth which is feebly convex be-

hind, and setose; setae short, well spaced, semi-erect and arranged

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XI, NO. 2

in a double row on the odd intervals and a single row on the even.

Beneath more finely and densely pilose. Female, length 7 mm.,

breadth 3 mm; male, length 5.5 mm., breadth 2.25 mm.

All specimens I have seen were collected near Antioch,

California, March 4, 1934, by M. Cazier, R. Kepner and F. R.

Platt, to whom I am indebted for my series. They were all

found feeding on a species of Artemesia. The species varies

greatly as to size and coloration like uniformis, the males as a

rule being smaller, narrower and with the afterbody more ellipti-

cal; the individual specimens may be more or less uniformly

a silver gray or much maculated.

Of the described species, longipennis Pierce, is the only one

with which it would be apt to be confused; seniculus is, how-

ever, much smaller than longipennis, proportionally less robust,

the rostrum shorter and broader, particularly at base, the eyes

wider apart, the scrobes more arcuate, the prothorax less broad

and with sides less expanded, the elytra with the sutural inter-

vals much more elevated apically and the setae shorter, sparser

and biseriately arranged at most on alternate intervals, whereas

in longipennis they are biseriately disposed on all intervals.

Mimetes lanei Van Dyke, new species

This species is very similar to seniculus but slightly smaller

on the average, generally more uniformly cinereous, with the

base of the rostrum and interocular space less broad, the eyes

much more flattened, the transverse impression at the base of

the rostrum feebler, the scrobes less arcuate, directed towards

lower angle of eye, the prothorax more cylindrical, and the elytral

set£e shorter, more numerous and more regularly disposed.

Holotype (No. 3981, Mus. C.A.S., Ent.) and numerous desig-

nated paratypes from a series of fourteen specimens collected

by M. C. Lane at the following localities: Ritzville, Wash., May

6, 1921 (type locality) ; Lind, Wash., May 5, 1921; and Pasco,

Wash., March 18, 1926. I have also one specimen collected by

F. W. Nunenmacher in Klamath Co., Oreg., May 16, 1913.

Tribe Promecopini

Tanymecus texanus Van Dyke, new species

Form oblong, rufopiceous, rather densely clothed with pearly

scales and with numerous short, slightly bent, suberect setge. Head

APRIL, 1935]

VAN DYKE— BRACHYRHININ^

including rostrum about a fifth shorter than prothorax, front and

base of rostrum somewhat coarsely, closely punctured, the short

setas arising from the punctures, rostrum broader than long and

depressed at apex; the eyes prominent; scrobes deep, broad in

front of eyes and narrowly continued beneath, the scape attain-

ing margin of prothorax, first funicular segment at least twice

as long as broad, second longer than broad, 3-7 transverse and

gradually wider. Prothorax slightly longer than broad, base

transverse, apex feebly arcuate and visibly narrower than base,

sides moderately rounded ; disk transversely convex but upper sur-

face longitudinally straight and rather coarsely, closely cribrately

punctured, the setse arising from the punctures as on the head.

Elytra oblong oval, humeri prominent but well rounded, sides

arcuate and gradually narrowed from middle to apex; disk mod-

erately convex, stris feebly impressed and rather coarsely, closely

punctured, intervals flat except at sides and apex and minutely

irregularly punctured, the setae arising from the punctures. Be-

neath with white scales concealing the somewhat coarse punctures,

the abdominal scales also more elongate than elsewhere. Femora

squamose and pilose, the tibiae and tarsi merely pilose. Length

6 mm., breadth 2.5 mm.

Holotype (No. 3982, Mus. C.A.S., Ent.), a unique, collected

at Uvalde, Texas, June 14, 1932, by J. 0. Martin.

This species, the third to be described from this country, is

of about the size of a small Tanymecus confertus Gyll., but

agrees more closely with the larger laccena Hbst. as regards its

structure and superficial appearance. Its distinctive features are

its somewhat rufous body color, its short rostrum, eyes more

prominent than in either of the other species, shorter and more

broadly rounded prothorax at sides, the longitudinally straight

outline of upper surface as seen in profile, the coarse, close strial

punctures and the conspicuous yet shorter setiferous as well as

squamose vestiture of body.

Tribe Brachyrhinini

Genus Sciopithes Horn

This genus established by George Horn in 1876 and based

upon the single species, ohscurus Horn, has in recent years been

found to contain a number of species and to be more widely dis-

tributed along the Pacific Coast than was at first thought. In

1888, Thomas L. Casey added five species to the genus but he

failed to recognize Horn’s original species. I have carefully

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XI, NO. 2

examined the types of all described species. Two of Casey’s

species, arcuatus and setosus, I consider valid species. Of the

others, I feel quite certain that significans is an absolute synonym

of ohscurus Horn and believe that hrumalis and angustulus are

but slight variants of this widely spread and somewhat variable

species. Certain of the antennal characters are capable of being

used for the purpose of separating the species but absolute

lengths can not be relied upon. In the wide ranging ohscurus, the

antennal segments vary to a considerable extent as regards length.

Three new species are in my collection, which will be described

in the following pages.

Key to Species

1. Species with dorsal setse hardly elevated above the scaly ves-

titure, antennal scape slender and reaching beyond anterior

border of prothorax 2

— . Species with dorstal setee, particularly of elytra, rather long,

more or less hair-like, suberect, and extending well above scaly

vestiture 3

2. Fifth, sixth and seventh funicular segments of antennse from a

third to almost twice as long as broad; prothorax cylindrical,

breadth hardly greater than length, discal punctures deep and

very distinct; elytra over one-fourth longer than broad and

with distinct and contrasting color pattern ohscurus Horn

— . Fifth, sixth and seventh funicular segments of antennas monili-

form, hardly longer than broad; prothorax fully one-sixth

broader than long, pronotal punctures in great part concealed

by scaly vestiture; elytra globose, less than one-fourth longer

than broad and of rather uniform color, gray with a some-

what darker transverse band near declivity. arcuatus Casey

3. Antennae slender, scape extending well beyond anterior border

of prothorax, outer funicular segments elongate, fully twice

as long as wide; elytral setae sparse and well spaced 4

— . Antennae robust, scape just reaching anterior border of pro-

thorax or but slightly beyond, outer funicular segments monili-

form and less than twice as long as broad; elytral setae denser

and more evident 5

4. Dark, earthy colored; interocular space narrower than di-

ameter of eyes; outer funicular segments about twice as long

as wide, club about two and a half times as long as wide;

prothorax barely wider than long; elytral setae quite evident,

though rather short, oblique and arcuate intermedius n. sp.

— . Rather light gray; interocular space broad, fully twice as

wide as breadth of eyes; outer segments of funicle slightly

VAN DYKE— BRACHYRHININ^

APRIL, 1935]

more than twice as wide as long, club about three times as

long as broad; prothorax at least a fourth wider than long;

elytral sete erect, rather long and hair-like insularis n. sp.

5. Dark, earthy colored; outer funicular segments less than twice

as long as broad, club about two and a half times as long as

broad; prothorax one-fourth broader than long; setae of pro-

thorax short, of elytra long and erect sordidus n. sp.

— . Gray, maculated with brown; outer funicular segments hardly

longer than broad, club about twice as long as broad; pro-

thorax about as broad as long; setae of prothorax rather long

and erect, of elytra somewhat longer setosus Casey

SciOPITHES OBSCURUS Hom

This is a very common weevil during the months of April

and May and is to be found feeding on the foliage of many of

our undershrubs in the great forests which grow along the coast

of the more northern parts of western North America. It ranges

from British Columbia to Monterey Bay, California. The gen-

eral color, due to the color of the scales, varies from gray through

light brown to dark brown and the distinctive color pattern, pro-

duced by an irregular dark band separating off the darker dorsal

area from the generally lighter sides and apex, is always more

or less conspicuous. The funicular segments vary to a certain

degree, the outer segments in the more northern specimens being

in general more moniliform and shorter while those from farther

south are more elongate. In general the sixth segment is shorter

than the seventh but here and there, both north and south, speci-

mens may be found having the two about equal in length. As a

result of having studied great numbers of this species, both in

collections and in the field, and noting the great amount of

variability, I feel justified in reducing to synonymy the follow-

ing species: significans Csy., hrumalis Csy. and angustulus Csy.

SciOPITHES ARCUATUS Casey

This species is quite well characterized, being of a more or

less uniform light gray color, less elongate proportionally than

the preceding and with proportionally broader prothorax. It

appears to be found in more open country than is the case with

the preceding. Our specimens were collected near Millbrae, San

Mateo Co., Calif., Casey’s unique from farther north in Mendo-

cino Co., Calif.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XI, NO. 2

Sciopithes intermedius Van Dyke, new species

Rather small, piceous with rufous antennse and legs and body

densely clothed with earthen colored, closely appressed scales, the

prothorax with two broad dark discal bands and the elytra with

an irregular band of same color separating the discal area from

the sides and apex, the upper surface also furnished with a limited

number of rather short (about one-half breadth of intervals in

length), semierect and hooked setse, most evident on the elytra.

Head about equal in length to prothorax, narrow, interocular area

less than width of eyes; eyes much flattened; scape extending

almost to middle of prothorax, outer funicular segments about

twice as long as wide, club about two and a half times as long as

wide. Prothorax barely wider than long, sides rather evidently

arcuate, therefore wider at middle; disk with a few widely sepa-

rated punctures and short setae arising from them. Elytra ellipti-

cal, narrowed at apex, less than twice as long as broad, striae

fine and finely punctured, intervals flat, each with a row of well

spaced, semierect and hooked setae projecting but a short distance

above the scales. Beneath sparsely squamose and pilose. Length

6 mm., breadth 2.5 mm.

Holotype (No. 3983, Mus. C.A.S., Ent.) and one paratype,

collected at Martinez, Contra Costa Co., Calif., the first in June,

1910, the second Oct. 8, 1911, both in my collection.

This is a much smaller, narrower and darker species than

obscurus. Its most distinctive characters otherwise are the nar-

row head and the conspicuous though short elytral setae, pro-

jecting well above the scales. The setae though more evident

than in obscurus are not as long as they are in the species which

follow.

Sciopithes insularis Van Dyke, new species

Robust, moderate in size, black, clothed with closely appressed

and slightly imbricated gray and light brown scales, the former

dominating and the latter concentrated in two broad stripes on

the pronotum, in an irregular band separating the disk of the

elytra from the sides and apex, and in a wedge shaped patch on

the declivity, the upper surface also furnished with semierect

setae, those of the elytra about three-fourths as long as the breadth

of the elytral intervals. Head longer than prothorax, broad; in-

terocular area greater than width of eyes, slightly narrowed in

front; eyes much flattened; antennae slender, scape extending well

back of anterior margin of prothorax, outer funicular segments

fully twice as long as wide, club fusiform, at least three times as

long as wide. Prothorax nearly a third broader than long, sides

feebly arcuate, disk with punctures concealed by scales and setae

APRIL, 1935]

VAN DYKE— BRACHYRHININiE

short, barely projecting above the scales. Elytra globose, but

one-fourth longer than broad, finely striato-punctate, intervals

broad and flat, each with an irregular row of well spaced, semi-

erect white and brown setae, sometimes doubled on declivity. Be-

neath with sparse vestiture. Length 5.5 mm., breadth 3 mm.

Holotype (No. 3984, Mus. C.A.S., Ent. ) a unique in my col-

lection, taken on San Clemente Island, Calif., June, 1907, and

kindly given to me by Dr. H. C. Fall.

This species is like arcuatus, a very stocky and globose one,

but it is also conspicuously setose like the two which follow

though with the setae far less abundant.

Sciopithes sordidus Van Dyke, new species

Moderately elongate, rufous or piceous, rather densely clothed

with closely appressed and imbricated gray and dark brown scales

and distinctly setose, the gray scales dominating below, the brown

chiefly confined to two broad stripes on the pronotum and to the

disk of the elytra, in some cases, chiefly males, covering all of the

disk, in others, especially the larger females, often broken up into

macules. Head about as long as prothorax, gradually narrowed

forwards; front with an elongate groove between the eyes and

numerous deep and scattered punctures with short setse arising

from them, interocular space about equal to width of eyes; rostrum

with a fine dorsal carina in line with the frontal groove, eyes much

flattened; antennae rather robust, scape extending but little beyond

front margin of prothorax, outer funicular segments less than

twice as long as wide, club about two and a half times as long as

wide. Prothorax slightly broader at middle than long, sides well

rounded at middle, constricted near base and apex; disk coarsely,

deeply and rather closely punctured, the punctures sometimes ap-

proximate or even anastomosing, general surface as a result

slightly rugose; scales confined to intervals and not concealing

the punctures, the setse arising from the latter, extending well

above and hooked forwards. Elytra elliptical, about twice as long

as wide in males, hardly a third longer in females, finely striato-

punctate; intervals broad and flat, each with numerous light and

dark brown, rather closely placed, semierect set« in addition to

the scales, which are more or less arranged in rows, the individual

setse almost as long as the intervals are broad. Male, length 5.75

mm., breadth 2.25 mm.; female, length 6 mm., breadth 3 mm.

Holotype male (No. 3985) and allotype female (No. 3986,

Mus. C.A.S., Ent.), from Cypress Ridge, near Woodacre, Marin

Co., Calif, .collected May 11, 1919, by myself. Numerous para-

types will be designated from a series of twenty-five spelcimens.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[vOL. XI, NO. 2

collected by E. P. Van Duzee and myself from the same locality

at various dates.

This species simulates intermedius in color and shape but

is much larger, with more robust antennae and longer and denser

setae, particularly on the elytra. It more closely approaches

insularis and setosus, differing from the former by its more

elongate body, darker color, more robust antennae and denser

elytral setae; and from the latter by being somewhat smaller,

darker in color, with outer funicular segments not transverse

and the elytral setae equally dense but slightly shorter and some-

what curved.

SciOPiTHES SETOSUS Casey

This species is in general the largest and most robust of the

genus. Its distinctive features are its generally gray color with

the elytral disk bounded by an irregular and broken band of

dark brown or black scales; the antennae robust with scape just

reaching the front margin of prothorax and outer funicular seg-

ments transverse, and the rather dense and long, more or less

straight setae, conspicuous on the pronotum but longer and better

seen on the elytra. Several of my specimens have been carefully

compared with the type. It is more or less widely distributed

throughout the San Francisco Bay region, but inclined to be

quite local as to occurrence, therefore uncommon in collections.

Tribe Simoini

Genus Paraptochus Seidlitz

This genus was established by Seidlitz in 1868 for cali-

fornicus, a species received from California. Later on this was

sunk as a synonym of Boheman’s Peritelus sellatus but the generic

name was retained. For a long time there was thought to be

but one species in the genus but in recent years two other species

have been discovered. The original sellatus was found near San

Francisco, thenew ones are from southern California. The Seidlitz

delscription might refer to one of the latter for it is not very

definite. The possibilities are that at the early date when he

received his specimen, all collectors in California were concen-

trated in the San Francisco Bay District and that he received

his specimen from one of these. The specimens upon which

Horn drew up his description were also no doubt the true sellatus

APRIL, 1935]

VAN DYKE— BRA CHYRHININiE

for they were collected at Crystal Springs, San Mateo Co., a

few miles south of San Francisco.

Key to Species

1. Species very globose, elytra very convex; transverse impres-

sion at base of rostrum slight, upper surface of front and

rostrum therefore more or less flat and continuous; elytral

setse long and hair-like, as long as breadth of intervals, and

erect; color pattern distinctly contrasting, the lower surface

cinereous. San Francisco Bay region sellatus (Boh.)

— . Species more elongate, elytra more elliptical and less convex

above; transverse impression at base of rostrum pronounced,

rostrum arcuate; elytral setae shorter, stouter, and not as

long as breadth of intervals 2

2. Color pattern more or less contrasting, generally lighter be-

low and dark on disk; elytra longitudinally feebly convex

from base to declivity, intervals flat, the setae sparse and erect.

Mts. of southern Calif setiferus n. sp.

— . Color a uniform earthy brown; elytra somewhat flattened on

disk, intervals feebly convex especially behind, the setae more

numerous and often somewhat inclined. Carpinteria, Calif.

uniformis n. sp.

Paraptochus sellatus (Boheman)

The true sellatus is rare in collections. What has generally

been taken for such is a species from the mountains of southern

California which I am describing as setiferus. The characteristic

features of sellatus are its robustness, many specimens having

the afterbody quite globose, the flatness of the head above, the

transverse impression at the base of the rostrum being very

shallow; the long, erect, moderately abundant, hair-like setae

of the elytra; and the generally lighter color of the beetles, the

scales of the lower parts being as a rule silvery gray and those

of the disk a golden brown.

The published localities for this species are San Francisco

(Boheman) and Crystal Lake, San Mateo Co. (Crotch and Horn).

The California Academy has typical specimens from several

places in Marin Co., Sonoma Co. and Contra Costa Co.

Paraptochus setiferus Van Dyke, new species

Moderately robust, densely clothed with closely appressed, im-

bricated scales, the upper surface also furnished with conspicuous,

rigid and semierect setae; the scales in most cases a dark brown

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yOL. XI, NO. 2

variously mixed with silvery gray, or there may be a more or less

well defined color pattern as in sellatus with lighter scales below

and a large patch of darker scales on the disk, the latter sepa-

rated from the former by a somewhat broken band of black scales

on the elytra and the prothorax with lateral white bands. Head

with front flattened, a fine median groove and setae, the last most

marked above eyes; rostrum slightly longer than head, broad,

arcuate, its sides rather straight and parallel with a fine median

longitudinal carina above, often concealed by the scales, conspicu-

ous short, erect setae and a well impressed transverse groove at

base; eyes not prominent; scape of antennae arcuate, but little

longer than funicle and just reaching front margin of prothorax.

Prothorax subcylindrical, slightly broader than long, about equal

in length to head ; base and apex truncate, a bit narrowed in

front, the sides but slightly arcuate; disk rather deeply, sparsely

yet regularly punctured, with short, forwardly inclined setae aris-

ing from them. Elytra elliptical, a fourth longer than broad, disk

as seen in silhouette but feebly arched, declivity broadly rounded,

striae sharply impressed and rather finely, moderately closely

punctured, intervals flattened in front, feebly convex behind, each

with a row of well spaced, robust, semi-erect setae that are about

as long as one-half the width of an interval. Beneath densely

squamose and sparsely setose, the setae much inclined and arising

from fine punctures. Length 6.5 mm., breadth 3.25 mm.

Holotype (No. 3987, Mus. C.A.S., Ent.) and five paratypes

collected by myself, at Forest Home, San Bernardino Co., Calif.,

June 13 and 14, 1928. I also have other quite typical specimens

from Idyllwild, Riverside Co., Calif., July 2, 1928, and Lytle

Creek, San Bernardino Co., Calif., June 8, 1928, and have ten-

tatively associated with this series, some smaller specimens from

Mt. Wilson, Sierra Madre, Pasadena, and other places in Los

Angeles Co., as well as from Placentia, Orange Co., and Ven-

tura Co., Calif. Some of these have the setae longer or more

hair-like but are otherwise the same.

This species is evidently a very plastic one. From sellatus

it differs by being generally darker in color, by having the

transverse impression at base of rostrum well marked, the

rostrum arcuate, feebly sulcate above, the eyes somewhat more

prominent causing the head at sides to be broadly rounded to

rostrum not gradually narrowed, the prothorax less transverse,

the elytra more elliptical and less globose; the afterbody as a

whole with far less depth, and the elytral setae stouter and shorter.

APRIL, 1935]

VAN DYKE— BRAG HYRHININ^

Paraptochus uniformis Van Dyke, new species

Moderately robust, somewhat narrowed and elongate, densely

clothed throughout with dark brown or dirt-colored scales which

are but slightly imbricated, the upper surface also setose; setae

short and inclined forwards on head and pronotum, longer and

suberect on elytra. Head with front flattened, rostrum slightly

longer than head, broad, parallel sided, longitudinally arcuate,

broadly sulcate above, with the remnant of a carina and with a

well defined transverse impression at base ; eyes moderately promi-

nent; scape of antennee arcuate, distinctly shorter than funicle

and just reaching beyond front margin of prothorax. Prothorax

a sixth broader than long, moderately well rounded at sides and

narrowed in front; disk rather coarsely, sparsely punctured though

punctures in great part concealed by scales and with setae arising

from them. Elytra oval, almost a third longer than broad, the

disk but feebly convex as seen in profile, declivity well rounded;

striae moderately impressed yet not sharply definied because of

scales, and finely punctured; intervals flat in front, convex behind,

with median row of suberect, well spaced rather stout setae, each

seta about as long as one-half the width of an interval. Beneath

as in preceding species. Length 6.5 mm., breadth 2.75 mm.

Holotype (No. 3988, Mus. C.A.S., Ent.) and several desig-

nated paratypes from a series of twenty-four specimens collected

at Carpinteria, Calif., July 21, 1933.

This species resembles the preceding in many ways but differs

in being proportionally narrower and more elongate, of a uni-

form color, with the rostrum more deeply sulcate above, the eyes

slightly more prominent so that they protrude beyond the side

margin of head, the antennae longer, the prothorax more sud-

denly and distinctly narrowed in front, and the elytra oval in

outline, not elliptical.

Stenoptochus vanduzeei Van Dyke, new species

Short, robust, black, antennae and legs somewhat rufous, the

entire body densely clothed with closely appressed cinereous scales,

somewhat darker on upper surface and moderately setose, the

setae above somewhat erect Head robust, front and upper surface

of rostrum flattened with a fine median linear impression; beak

broad, dilated apically, scrobes short and deep, feebly convergent

above but not reaching eyes; antennae robust, scape barely reaching

front margin of prothorax, outer segments of funicle transverse;

eyes large but quite flat. Prothorax transverse, over a third broader

than long, base and apex truncate, sides feebly arcuate; disk with

well spaced punctures more or less concealed by scales but with

96 the pan-pacific entomologist [voL. XI, NO. 2

short scale-like setse projecting^ from them. Elytra subglobose,

one-third longer than broad; strise finely impressed and rather

finely, somewhat closely punctured; intervals flat, very feebly con-

vex behind, each with an irregular row of stout, erect, white setae,

separated by about their own length which is in general more

than half the width of an interval. Undersurf ace with scales gen-

erally longer and more club-like and apically mixed with fine pile.

Length 6 mm., breadth 3 mm.

Holotype (No. 3989, Mus. C.A.S., Ent.) and one paratype,

collected at Mill Valley, Marin Co., Calif., June 8, 1928, the

first by E. P. Van Duzee, the second by J. 0. Martin.

This species is very much more robust in every regard than

inconstans Csy., the genotype, but appears to agree generically.

Superficially it resembles a Tricole pis.

Omias albus Van Dyke, new species

Short, afterbody subglobular, black, antennse, tibise and tarsi

more or less rufous, rather densely clothed with long, closely ap-

pressed, hair-like scales, and sparsely pilose, the hair moderately

short, fine and semierect. Head with front flattened, a fovea be-

tween eyes, and rather finely, moderately punctured, the last giving

rise to the hair-like scales; the rostrum about as long as head,

quadrate, feebly arched, sulcate above and separated from front

by a shallow transverse impression; scrobes deep and elliptical,

scape feebly arcuate, barely reaching front margin of prothorax,

funicle somewhat longer, all segments longer than broad though

the seventh is suddenly larger, quite transverse and almost as

broad as long, the club oval; eyes rather small, not projecting

laterally beyond side margin of head. Prothorax transverse, a

third broader than long, base and apex truncate, sides arcuate at

middle, narrowed at base and very much more constricted in front;

disk somewhat closely, coarsely punctured but with punctures

generally concealed by vestiture. Elytra subglobose, hardly one-

seventh longer than broad; strise feebly impressed but with dis-

tinct, closely placed punctures; intervals flat and finely rugose,

the odd ones more densely squamose giving the body a vittate

appearance. Length 5.5 mm., breadth 2.75 mm.

Holotype (No. 3990, Mus. C.A.S., Ent.) and numerous para-

types from a series of eighteen specimens collected at Lind,

Wash., May 15 and June 3, 1931, by M. C. Lane, to whom I am

indebted for the specimens.

This species differs from saccatus (Lee.) by having the after-

body less globular, prothorax less broad, primal vestitute more

scale-like and secondary pilosity quite evident, whereas it is not

observable in the other species.

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Vol. XI

July, 1935

No. 3

THE

Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Published by the

Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in co-operation with

The California Academy of Sciences

CONTENTS

HICKS, NOTES ON RARE WESTERN SPHECID WASPS - 97

SAYLOR, A NEW COENONYCHA FROM NEVADA 102

BATES, NOTES ON AMERICAN TRYPETID^, III 103

HATCH, TWO REMARKABLE BLIND BEETLES FROM OREGON 116

HATCH, MONILLIPATROBUS HATCH A SYNONYM OF PSYDRUS LEC. 118

LEECH, BRITISH COLUMBIAN RECORDS OF CARABID^

AND HYDROPHILID^ 120

BLAISDELL, A NEW TRIOROPHID FROM DEATH VALLEY 125

EXLINE, THREE NEW SPECIES OF CYB^US 129

SAYLOR, A NEW GENUS AND TWO NEW SPECIES OF

COLEOPTRA FROM CALIFORNIA 132

KNOWLTON, NOTES OF WESTERN APHIDS 136

WYMORE, A NEW SPECIES OF PLATYPEDIA 143

DOUDOROFF, NOTES ON TWO LOCAL BUTTERFLIES 144

San Francisco, California

1935

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

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Published at the California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park,

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Entered as second-class matter, February 10, 1925, at the postoffice at

San Francisco, California, under Act of August 24, 1912.

The Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Vol. XI, No. 3 July, 1935

NOTES ON RARE WESTERN SPHECID WASPS

BY CHARLES H. HICKS

University of Colorado

The Sphecid, Sphex craspedotus, is seemingly a rare species

of digger wasp, some of the habits of which the present writer

studied in 1929. Professor Fernald* characterizes the structure

of the insect, in part, as follows: “This interesting species is the

only one from North America in which there are no teeth or even

traces thereof on the lower margin of the clypeus . . . Another

unusual feature is that, while the segments farther forward may

be quite dark, the last abdominal segment of the eight specimens

seen was entirely ferruginous.” He states that the insect has been

reported only from California, especially at or near Los Angeles,

and gives June 26, August 3 and August 28 as dates of capture.

Based on the study of the eight females, he found the species to

be somewhat below the average in size in the genus and these

individuals to vary from 15 to 19 mm. in length.

My study of the nesting habits of this species involved three

nesting females and their nests. These nests were obtained and

studied after the nesting wasps had been observed on June 25-27,

and on July 3. Each nest was located near the First National

Studios along the Los Angeles River near Burbank, California.

They were dug in the somewhat loose sand of the river bed or

bank. The wasp observed and taken on June 26 is one of the

paratypes of the species, the nest of which forms a basis for the

following description.

The wasp was found provisioning her nest late in the morn-

ing of June 25 and also on the 26th. She came flying with a

lepidopterous larva in her jaws at 11:29 a. m. on the second

day. Alighting on the sand close to her nest, she released the

prey near to the concealed and temporarily closed tunnel en-

trance. She removed a sand plug, backed in, grasped the larva

*Fernald, H. T. “The North American and West Indian Digger Wasps of

the Genus Sphex (AmmophUa auct. )”, E. A. Painter Co. Deland, Florida,

pp. 1-167. Pis. 1 and 11. Figs 1-39, 1934,

100

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XI, NO. 3

berry tree. The observations were made at 12 o’clock at a time

when the wasp was filling in the entrance tunnel to her nest. She

did so by using an old hackberry seed to close the upper end

of the shaft. Sand was scraped in over this, and some score or

more of objects were brought to further cover and conceal the

nest site. There was no tool using noted at this time.

Later, the same summer, on and about July 25 wasps of

this species were found in Gregory Canyon in the mountains west

of Boulder. These were digging nests on the side of a slope

near a foot and bridle path. One female removed seven loads

of soil between 10:48 and 10:49 a. m. and again seven loads

in the minute between 10:52 and 10:53. She worked before,

between, and after these stated periods but was caught for identi-

fication before her nest was completed. The soil was removed

with her mandibles and carried away and downhill between

them (possibly assisted by her fore legs) as she flew to the

place of deposit. This spot was about four feet distant and

the impact of the released load could be heard as it struck the

ground. The release was made a few inches above the surface,

and immediately the wasp flew back for more. One load was so

large and heavy that the wasp was not able to fly with it after

a typical and normal fashion and only reached the refuse spot

by short flights and hops.

Another wasp was found as she started a tunnel. She bit

the soil loose and removed it in the manner stated above. A

loud buzzing was produced when she tried to remove a large

pebble which was in the path of her progress. The number of

loads carried out at various periods of one minute each were

six, five, five, and six. These were carried downhill also, and

each time she was seen to go and to return over much the same

path. At one time she stopped her work, flew to a sumac hush

growing nearby, walked over the leaves dragging her feet as

though trying to remove adhering dust and soil. Then she

moved to a stem where the cleaning continued, although by

means of brushing one leg against another and later both against

her body.

At 11:12 and after a short period of work she had dug her

tunnel to a depth greater than that of the length of her body.

After this time and before I caught her, she increased the speed

July, 1935]

HICKS— WESTERN WASPS

101

of her activity. This was thought to have been caused by the

rapid increase of air and ground temperature. It was noted

that this wasp was not readily frightened at my proximity and

that it was not disconcerted by my attentions.

S. aculeatus was found at Owens Lake on September 27.

This specimen was a female which appeared old and worn. Still

earlier in the same month (September 13) at Fort Collins, Colo-

rado, a female was found “sleeping” on a stem in late after-

noon. She had grasped the branch with her mandibles, her body

nearly at right angles to it, although only the hind pair of legs

had released their clasp and aid in support.

It would appear from the dates of capture that in Boulder

County, Colorado, we have at least two generations of this wasp

a year. This and other facts await further study and it is hoped

that the work of another season may do much to clear up many

points in question.

The tool using habits of the digger wasps has always been

of interest to students of insects since it was first reported by

Professor Williston in 1892. It has since been observed a

number of times. Among those who have seen and reported

this behavior are: S. W. Williston (1892) ; G. W. and E. G.

Peckham (1898) ; Cart Hartman (1904) ; H. B. Hungerford

and F. X. Williams (1912) ; Phil and Nellie Rau (1918) ; G. C.

and E. G. Wheeler (1924) ; and C. H. Hicks in two separate

reports and species (1932). T, Pergande (1895) also, has been

credited with a report on the tool using habit. I have read the

paper by Pergande many times and have been unable to find

grounds for this assumption.

Professor Hartman observed the use of a pebble as a tool

by the wasp, S. procerus in 1904. Wheeler and Wheeler in 1924

observed it in this same species reported by the name of 5.

gryphus. It is with pleasure that I support these records by

observations of my own made on this same species at Boulder

on August 4, 1933. S. aberti and S. procerus are the two Amer-

ican digger wasps whose habits are probably best known. S.

aberti is the species studied by Williston in 1892 (by name of

Ammophila yarrowi) and whose tool using habits has attracted

much attention. A much needed study at this time is a critical

102

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XI, NO. 3

and detailed investigation and comparison of nest-closure and

tool-using among our digger wasps.

The writer is pleased to express his thanks to Professor H. T.

Femald who has determined the specimens reported in this

account and who has generously aided with reference material,

and to Professor Norma LeVeque for critically reading the

manuscript and for helpful suggestions.

A NEW COENONYCHA FROM NEVADA

(Coleoptera; Scarabaeidae)

BY LAWRENCE W. SAYLOR

University of California, Berkeley

Coenonycha stohleri Saylor, new species

Oblong-oval, piceous, shining, with faint greenish lustre. Front

and clypeus very coarsely densely variolately punctured; vertex

impunctate; apex reflexed and subtruncate, angles obtuse but

very distinct. Antennae 8-segmented, the club much smaller than

the funicle, the fourth segment as long as the second and third

combined. Thorax with disc sparsely moderately coarsely punc-

tured, a little more closely punctured at sides, some of the punc-

tures with short recumbent hairs; each side near lateral angu-

lation with a small fovea ; sides subangulate at middle, front angles

acute and produced, hind angles completely obliterated and the

hind part broadly arcuate. Elytra two and one-half times longer

than thorax, surface coarsely rugose, with sparse suberect white

hair; apex of each elytron broadly rounded, both towards the

suture and the outer margin. Pygidium polished, with sparse

erect white hair. Abdomen sparsely punctured, with short sub-

erect hair. Tarsal claws cleft, the inferior tooth shorter. First

segment of front tarsi strongly elongate; hind tarsi much longer

than the tibiee, first segment shorter than the next two combined.

Hind tibial spurs spinose, one-half the length of the others.

Length 5.5 mm.

The unique type, from White Rock Springs, Nye County,

Nevada, May, 1931, and presented to me by Dr. R. Stohler, is

in the collection of the California Academy of Sciences (No.

4010) . This species can be confused with no other described

species of the genus, since all others are some shade of brown

or testaceous.

July, 1935]

BATES— TEPHRELLA

103

NOTES ON AMERICAN TRYPETID^ {DIPT ERA)

III. THE GENUS TEPHRELLA

BY MARSTON BATES

Zoological Laboratories, Harvard University

The present paper deals with the American Trypetidae placed

in the genus Aciurina by Curran (1932, p. 9). The other groups

with an Aciura-like wing pattern were reviewed briefly in a pre-

vious paper (Bates, 1933). I am indebted to Prof. J. M. Aid-

rich for most of the material reported on here; the National

Museum collection contains some very fine bred series of sev-

eral species, and all of the forms are represented except the

doubtful johnsoni and an allied new form. Dr. F. R. Cole kindly

sent me two paratypes of his maculata and some other material

for study; Mr. E. T. Cresson, Jr., lent me some of the Philadel-

phia Academy material. Thanks to the courtesy of Mr. C. H.

Curran, I have been able to examine the types of his species in

the American Museum of Natural History.

None of the old world species of Tephrella has been seen,

so the present generic placing of the American forms cannot be

regarded as certain. The relationship, however, seems quite clear,

in view of Hendel’s excellent diagnosis of the genus (1927, p.

112) ; even the wing pattern of some of the Old World species

is remarkably similar to that of some of our American forms.

The distribution of the group in the Himalayas, Siberia, Mon-

golia, and the western United States, seems quite natural. The

genus is closely related in habit and structure to Eurosta, from

which it may be distinguished by the somewhat narrowed front.

Apparently all of the species make galls on compositae, espe-

cially Bigelowia, and probably more extensive breeding will

bring to light additional forms. The botany of the host plants

is somewhat involved, and in no case has it been possible to

check the determinations. Chrysothamnus and Bigelowia are

accepted by many botanists as two genera, united by others;

the spelling Bigelovia seems to have no standing in botanical

literature.

Genus Tephrella Bezzi

Tephrella Bezzi, 1913, p. 151 (genotype, T. decipiens Bezzi) ;

Hendel, 1914, p. 86; Hendel, 1927, p. 112.

Aciurina Curran, 1932, p. 9 (genotype, A. trixa Curran).

104

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XI, NO. 3

Front about as high as broad at the vertex: slightly higher

than broad in lutea, thoracica and the southern ferrwginea', slightly

broader than high in higelovice and maculata. Typically there

are three pairs of lower orbital bristles, two of upper; these vary

greatly in development; all are dark and strong in lutea, while

all are colorless in trixa. Third antennal joint rounded, twice as

long as the second, or less, the arista shortly pubescent. Face

shallowly excavated, the oral margin projecting slightly, the occi-

pitals white and stumpy. Head about as broad as the thorax or

slightly broader. Dorsum of thorax covered with a short, thick,

colorless or yellowish pile, except in lutea, the dorso-central bristles

behind the suture but well in front of the anterior supra-alars.

Scutellum with only one pair of bristles. Abdomen usually shining

black, red, or brown; sixth abdominal segment of female shorter

than fifth. First longitudinal vein ending before the middle of

the costal margin; second vein may be waved or straight; third

vein bearing a few scattered bristles above and below, being

most completely bristled in thoracica; last section of the third

vein generally distinctly bowed upward; small cross- vein over the

discal half of the discal cell. Anal cross-vein nearly or quite

straight.

Twelve American species are assigned to Tephrella here;

Hendel (1927) lists four Palearctic species; the genotype

(decipiens) was described from high altitudes in the Himalayas.

The African species assigned to this genus by Bezzi do not really

belong here, according to Hendel. Three American species,

opaca, johnsoni and euarestoides, differ from the above generic

diagnosis in several important respects, but at the present time

their generic separation seems premature.

Key to the American Species

1. Wings hyaline with brown markings 2

— . Wings brown, with hyaline indentations and spots 3

2. Stigmal cell about twice as long as high at base (11) semilucida

— . Stigmal cell about as long as high at base (12) notata

3. First posterior cell with hyaline markings 7

— . First posterior cell entirely brown 4

4. Alula hyaline ..5

— . Alula brown 6

5. Second posterior cell with a single large hyaline indentation

(4) lutea

— . Second posterior cell with two narrow indentations (8)

ferruginea

6. Third posterior cell with several round hyaline spots (5)

aphppapi

July, 1935]

BATES— TEPHRELLA

105

— , This cell with two hyaline indentations (6) thoracica

7. Apical margin of the wing with several hyaline indentations

as in Euaresta (3) euarestoides

— . Margin of the submarginal and first posterior cells entirely

brown 8

8. A hyaline indentation which begins in the marginal cell extends

across veins 2, 3 and 4 to the discal cell 9

— This indentation does not extend beyond the third vein 10

9. Marginal cell with two hyaline indentations, the first just

beyond the tip of the first longitudinal vein (1) johnsoni

— . This cell with only one hyaline indentation (2) opaca

10. Wings brown at base (7) maculata

— . Wings hyaline, at least as far as the humeral cross-vein 11

11. Second posterior cell with a large rounded indentation which

occupies much of its area, in addition to the sub-apical band

(10) trixa

— . Basal part of the second posterior cell occupied by two inden-

tations, which may or may not be joined above to form an

inverted V (9) bigelovise

Fig. 1. Tephrella euarestoides n. sp., profile of head.

Fig. 2. Tephrella trixa (Curran), profile of head.

Fig. 3. Tephrella semilucida n. sp., wing.

106

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XI, NO. 3

1. Tephrella JOHNSONI

Acidia (?) johnsoni Thomas, 1914, p. 426, f. 34.

Only two pairs of lower and one of upper orbital bristles

(all colorless) are apparent in the type, but it may be that the

scars of others have been overlooked, as the specimen is not in

very good condition. The second and third veins are quite

straight, the third vein bare. The sixth abdominal segment of

the female is approximately equal in length to the fifth. Length

of wing, 3.5 mm.

Only the type, which is in the M.C.Z., has been seen. It is

labelled simply “Colo.”

2. Tephrella opaca

Aciura opaca Coquillett, 1899, p. 263; Aldrich, 1905, p. 607.

Aciurina opaca Curran, 1932, p. 10.

The unique type of this species agrees closely with the type

of johnsoni^ except for the absence of the first hyaline indenta-

tion in the marginal cell.

The type, which is in the U.S.N.M., comes from Elko, Nevada.

3. Tephrella euarestoides Bates, n. sp.

(Fig. 1)

Female: Front yellow, as broad at the vertex as high, nar-

rowed anteriorly; one pair of upper orbitals, two of lower, all

fine, yellowish. Antennee yellow, third joint rounded, a little longer

than wide, arista yellowish; face grey, the oral margin not pro-

jecting. Thorax overlaid with a dark grey pollen, the dorsum

rather thickly clothed with stubby whitish hairs; bristles fine,

yellowish, arranged as usual in the group. Scutellum black above,

reddish on the sides, thinly pollinose, with a few marginal hairs

and a single pair of bristles. Legs yellow, with the femora and

tihias somewhat darker. Abdomen shining black, with only a very

few fine colorless hairs. Sixth abdominal segment of female ap-

proximately equal in length to the fifth. Ovipositor sheath

(seventh segment) shining black, somewhat tapering, about as

long as the preceding two segments. Wing dark brown, with a

hyaline pattern almost exactly like that of Euaresta belh] third

vein naked above, bowed upward beyond the small cross-vein, the

small cross-vein over the outer third of the discal cell.

Total length, 4.5 mm.; length of ovipositor sheath, 0.7 mm.;

length of wing, 3.5 mm.

July, 1935]

BATES— TEPHRELLA

107

Type, one female, in the author’s collection, from Ridgway,

Colo., 7000 ft., June 23-30, 1928, received from Prof. John L.

Buys.

4. Tephrella lutea

Aciura lutea Coquillett, 1899, p. 264; Aldrich, 1905, p. 607.

Aciurina lutea Curran, 1932, p. 10.

Three lower and two upper pairs of orbital bristles well de-

veloped, dark. Second longitudinal vein almost straight, the third

but slightly bowed, course of the fourth vein, however, more

irregular; third vein bearing only a few bristles at base. Length

of wing, 4 mm.

This species, because of its shining thorax and light brown

wings, presents a very different appearance from that of its

congeners.

The type of lutea is accompanied by a piece of woody stem,

with a small gall-like swelling on one side; the plant is not

identified. This is a different type of gall from the distinct

round structures formed by most of the other species of the

genus.

I have seen only the type, from Pareah, Utah, and a male

from Ormsby Co., Nevada (July 6, Baker), both in the U.S.N.M.

Professor Aldrich kindly lent me the latter specimen for study.

5. Tephrella aplopappi

Adura aplopappi Coquillett, 1894, p. 72; Aldrich, 1905, p. 607.

Aciurina aplopappi Curran, 1932, p. 10.

In the male examined, only two pairs of lower orbitals are

apparent, but in the female co-type, now in the M.C.Z., there are

five lower orbitals on one side, three on the other, all fine and

dark; posterior upper orbital white, stumpy. Second longitudinal

vein slightly waved on its outer half; third vein very strongly

bowed upward beyond the small cross-vein, bearing a few scattered

bristles above, mostly on the outer half; both basal and distal

sections of the fourth vein waved; cross- veins oblique, convergent;

hyaline maculation much reduced, there being two hyaline inden-

tations in the costal cell, two in the marginal cell, two or three

in the second posterior cell, a round spot in the first basal cell,

another in the discal cell, and several in the third posterior cell.

Length of wing, 3.5 mm.

108

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XI, NO. 3

The types were bred from elongate galls on Aplopappus

pinifolius. This gall differs from those of the following species

in being a swelling of the stem (like miniature galls of Eurosta

solidaginis) , rather than an axillary bud gall.

One of the five National Museum types was given to the

M.C.Z. in exchange. There is some additional material in the

U.S.N.M. from the type locality, Los Angeles County, California.

6. Tephrella thoracica

Aciurina thoracica Curran, 1932, p. 11, f. 3.

Three well developed pairs of dark lower orbitals; posterior

upper orbitals white. Venation much as in aploppapi, except that

the small cross-vein is about perpendicular to the third vein, not

oblique; third vein sparsely bristled for its entire length above.

Length of wing, 5.5 mm.

Curran informs me that his figure is inaccurate, as the type

has two hyaline indentations in the third posterior cell, which

are not indicated there: a character shared by all of the speci-

mens that I have seen. The two hyaline indentations in the sec-

ond posterior cell may be separate, as in Curran’s figure, or may

be connected above, to form an inverted V.

Besides the type from San Diego County, California, I have

seen the following specimens: 1 , Phoenix Lake, Marin Co.,

Calif,. May 20 1927 (H. H. Keifer), and 19, Carmel, Calif.,

June 5, 1927 (L. S. Slevin), in the collection of the California

Academy of Sciences; 19, Stanford University, Calif., 3, Oct.,

1903, in the U.S.N.M.; 1^, same data (from W. M. Mann), in

my collection; 1^, Niles Canyon, Calif., July 15, 1916 (E. P.

Van Duzee), in the M.C.Z.

7. Tephrella maculata

Aciura maculata Cole, 1919, p. 252, pi. 19, f. 27; Cole & Lovett,

1921, p. 325, f. 43.

Aciurina maculata Curran, 1932, p. 10.

Aciurina pacifica Curran, 1932, p. 10, f. 4.

First pair of lower orbitals and second pair of upper orbitals

colorless, weak, the other two pairs of lower and the first pair

of upper orbitals fine, dark, well developed. Third vein bearing

scattered bristles for its entire length above, while below there

are none beyond the small cross-vein. Length of wing, 4 mm.

July, 1935]

BATES— TEPHRELLA

109

The two female paratypes lent me by Cole show the wing

pattern of Curran’s pacijica: that is, the hyaline marks of the

second posterior cell are fused to form; a triangle. One of the

Nevada specimens, however, shows a small dark patch in the

middle of this triangle, making the inverted V of Cole’s figure.

The Nevada specimens are accompanied by a greyish, slightly

pubescent stem gall, about 8 mm. in diameter, placed on the

side of the twig, as are the galls of bigelovice, trixa and so forth.

The record “from fruits of Amelanchier” is surely an error, as

the fruit feeding habit is quite unknown in the section of the

Trypetidae to which these species belong.

Besides the two paratypes from Jackson Co., Oregon, there

is a female from Yreka, Calif., May 13, 1932 (E. 0. Essig), in

the collection of Mr. Cole, which bears the label “"Artemisia

tridentata.” Five specimens from the U.S.N.M. are from Glen-

brook, Nevada, June 10 and June 15, 1916 (H. G. Dyar).

8. Tephrella ferruginea

A dura ferruginea Doane, 1899, p. 182, pi. Ill, f. 6; Aldrich, 1905,

p. 607; Janes & Thomas, 1932, p. 103.

Aciurina ferruginea Curran, 1932, p. 10.

The orbital bristles (three lower and two upper pairs) are

colorless in this, as in all of the following species. The pro-

portions of the front vary according to locality: the front is dis-

tinctly wider in specimens from Washington, Oregon and Colo-

rado, than in those from New Mexico, Nevada and Wyoming.

Curran (1932, p. 16) has described a species {Eutreta frontalis)

on a similar character, and I have noticed such variation in

some other Trypetidae. T. ferruginea also shows some varia-

tion, largely individual, in the number and size of the spots in

the third posterior cell; otherwise the wing pattern seems quite

constant. Length of wing, 4 mm.

I have seen no breeding records of this species, but several

of the specimens, from different sources, bear labels “taken on

Chrysothamnus.”

There are fifteen specimens of this species before me, from

the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, the Museum of

Comparative Zoology, and the private collections of F. R. Cole,

J. Wilcox and myself. The data are: Washington: Naches

110

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XI, NO. 3

(August), Yakima (July); Oregon: Long Creek (September),

Prineville (3100 ft., August), 14 mi. E. of Sisters (3100 ft.,

August); Colorado: Creede (8800 ft., August); New Mexico:

Therma (August) ; Nevada: Ormsby Co. (July) ; Wyoming: Big

Horn Co. (6500 ft., August). The National Museum specimens,

which were not studied, are from Nevada (Ormsby Co.), Colo-

rado (Summit Co.) and Utah (Mintah and Salt Lake).

9. Tephrella bigelovi;e

Trypeta bigelovise Cockerell, 1890, p. 324; Cockerell, 1893, p. 112.

Trypeta higelovice var. disrupta Cockerell, 1890, p. 324.

ITrypeta (Eurosta) higelovise [n. sp.] Townsend, 1893, p. 49.

Trypeta bigehvii [sic] Baker, 1895, p. 174.

Aciura bigelovias [sic] Caudell, 1902, p. 37.

Eurosta bigelovias Aldrich, 1905, p. 609.

This and the following species are very similar in structure

and appearance. T. bigelovice seems in general somewhat larger

and darker, and the wing character used in the key seems always

to distinguish it. The two hyaline dashes of the second posterior

cell may be connected above, or separate, in specimens from the

same locality, so that there seems to be no reason for recognizing

Cockerell’s name disrupta. The abdomen may be red or yellow;

the legs are wholly yellow; the ovipositor sheath is black. Length

of wing, 4 — 5 mm.

This species makes large, white, wooly galls on Bigelowia,

while those of trixa are much smaller, dark brown, and smooth.

I have seen twelve specimens of this species, all from the

National Museum. Six of these are the specimens reported by

Caudell, from Platte Canyon, Colorado, June; one is labelled

“Washington, D. C., May 25, 1898”; the others are without

locality. The Washington record seems very doubtful.

10. Tephrella trixa

(Fig. 2)

Adurina trixa Curran, 1932, p. 11, f. 5.

Aciura higelovise Janes & Thomas, 1932, p. 103 [err. det.?]

Second longitudinal vein only very slightly waved; third vein

bearing a few spines (five or six) widely scattered over its whole

length above, and three or four at the base below; anal cross-vein

very nearly parallel with the basal cross-vein, not oblique as in

July, 1935]

BATES— TEPHRELLA

111

bigelovice, so that the anal cell is only very slightly drawn out

on the sixth vein. One specimen (from Idaho) has an indication

of a spur on the fourth vein, just beyond the hind cross-vein.

Curran’s figure gives a good idea of the wing pattern of

this species; it is remarkably constant. In the Idaho specimens,

the hyaline spot in the discal cell is larger than in southern speci-

mens, usually touching the fourth and fifth veins above and

below. The other spots show some individual variation in pro-

portion and relative size, but their position and form is quite

constant. The color of the abdomen is very variable: it may

be red (as in the type), yellowish, red with black lateral mark-

ings, or (rarely) entirely black. There seems to be no correla-

tion between abdomen color and locality. Length of wing,

4 mm.

The galls of this species are small, 4 to 8 mm. in diameter,

smooth, often with a waxy appearance, placed on the side of

small twigs. The host, according to labels on the specimens

before me, is Bigelowia or Chrysothamnus.

I have seen 88 specimens and numerous galls from Idaho:

Weiser (April 26 to May 12, 1909, J. M. Aldrich); Nevada:

Reno (May, 1916, H. G. Dyar) ; Utah: Am. Fork, Pangultch

(June 27, 1927, G. F. Knowlton), Logan, Salt Lake City (April,

1918, L. P. Rockwood) ; New Mexico: Santa Fe (July 21, 1926,

E. C. Van Dyke) ; California: Independence, Inyo Co. (June 12,

1929, R. L. Usinger) . This material is from the National Mu-

seum, the collection of the California Academy of Sciences, of

F. R. Cole, and my collection.

11. Tephrella semilucida Bates, n. sp.

(Fig. 3)

Male and female. Front yellowish, somewhat broader than

high, the proportions being about 3 : 2.5. All head bristles color-

less; three pairs of lower orbitals, the first pair feebly developed,

and two of upper. Third antennal joint short, rounded. Face

projecting forward above the oral opening; cheeks wide, especially

the post-genas.

Thorax grey, sparsely clothed with stumpy white hairs; bristles

colorless. Scutellum concolorous with dorsum of thorax. Legs

entirely yellow, with all the spines and hairs colorless. Abdomen

varying from black to red, intermediate specimens having' dorso-

lateral black marks on each segment; as in the other species of

112

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XI, NO. 3

the genus it is shining, bearing a few scattered colorless hairs;

fifth segment about one and one-half times as long as sixth in

the female; ovipositor sheath (seventh segment) black, trape-

zoidal, about twice as wide at base as at tip and about as long as

wide at base. Wing hyaline, marked with a variable amount of

brown along and between the veins; first longitudinal vein curving

gradually to the costa, making the stigmal cell much longer than

in the similar T. notata; second vein very slightly waved; third

slightly bowed up beyond the small cross -vein bearing nine or ten

spines scattered along most of its length above, and a few near

the base below; cross- veins approximated, about parallel; hind

cross-vein bowed out; basal and anal cross-veins straight, about

parallel, the anal cell being thus cut short. The pattern includes

a cross-band in about the middle of the costal cell; base of the

marginal and first basal cells marked with a variable amount of

brown which extends below to cover the basal cross-vein and

sometimes the anal cross-vein as well; stigma and the marginal

cell below it dark; apical part of the marginal cell may include

one, two or three dark areas. A brown band which borders the

wing tip between the second and fourth veins may be entire or

may be represented only by a spot at the end of the third vein;

the small cross-vein included in a brown spot of variable size,

sometimes extending across the discal cell below. A spot on the

outer third of the submarginal cell may extend across the first

posterior cell to include the hind cross-vein, or it may be reduced

to a few isolated patches.

Total length ( $ ) , 4.5 mm. ; length of wing, 4 mm. ; length of

ovipositor sheath, 0.5 mm.

Described from 7$ $ and 5^ ^ from Riparia, Washington,

May 7th to May 19th, 1908 (J. M. Aldrich), bred from galls

on Bigelowia. Holotype $ and allotype $ in the U.S.N.M.

The gall is small (4 mm. in diameter), round and smooth,

very like the galls of T . trixa.

This species is similar to T. notata; the wing pattern of both

species varies in a similar way. The shape of the stigmal cell,

as pointed out in the key, serves conveniently for separating

them. The galls are quite distinct.

12. Tephrella notata

Trypeta notata Coquillett, 1899, p. 262; Aldrich, 1905, p. 605;

Cockerell, 1900, p. 198.

This species is very similar to semilucida in structure. In

the type, and in some other specimens probably from the type

lot, the wing pattern is reduced to a few small brown spots as

July, 1935]

B ATES— T EPHRELL A

113

described by Coquillett. In the series from Santa Fe, however,

the wing markings are much more completely developed, both

along and between the veins. I cannot find any grounds for

making two species, however, even though the differences be-

tween extreme specimens are quite striking. Length of wing,

4 mm.

The gall of this species is much larger than that of semi-

lucida, 18 to 20 mm. in diameter, and somewhat pubescent.

Besides the types, I have seen 7 specimens from Santa Fe,

New Mexico, June 5, bred from galls on “Bigelovia chryso-

thamnus” by H. S. Barber.

Literature Cited

Aldrich, J. M.

1905. A catalogue of North American Diptera. Smiths. Misc.

Coll., XLVI, No. 1444, 680 pp.

Baker, C. F.

1895. Biological notes on some Colorado Diptera. Ent. News,

VI, pp. 173-174.

Bates, M.

1933. Notes on American Trypetidse, II. Psyche, XL., pp.

48-56, 4 figs.

Bezzi, M.

1913. Indian Trypaneids (fruit flies) in the collections of

Indian Museum. Mem. Ind. Mus., Calcutta, III, pp.

53-175, pi. VIII — X, 3 figs, in text.

Caudell, A. N.

1902. Notes on Colorado insects. U. S. Dept. Agric., Div.

of Ent., Bull. 38 (n.s.), pp. 35-38.

Cockerell, T. D. A.

1890. Trypeta higelovise, n. sp Ent. Mo. Mag., XXVI, p. 324.

1893. Trypeta, Clisiocampa and Ammalo. Can. Ent., XXV,

p. 112.

1900. Note on Trypeta notata. Jl. N. Y. Ent. Soc., VIII,

p. 198.

Cole, F. R.

1919. In Cole & Lovett, New Oregon Diptera. Proc. Calif.

Acad. Sci., (4), IX, pp. 221-255, pi. 14-19.

Cole, F. R. and Lovett, A. L.

1921. An annotated list of the Diptera of Oregon. Proc.

Calif. Acad. Sci., (4), XI, pp. 197-344, 54 figs.

114

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XI, NO. 3

Coquillett, D. W.

1894. New North American Trypetidae. Can. Ent., XXVI.

pp. 71-75.

1899. Notes and descriptions of Trypetidae. Jl. N. Y. Ent.

Soc., VII, pp. 259-268.

Curran, C. H.

1932. New species of Trypaneidae, with key to the North

American genera. Am. Mus. Novitates, No. 556. 19

pp., 9 figs.

Doane, R. W.

1899. Notes on Trypetidae with descriptions of new species.

Jl. N. Y. Ent Soc., VII, pp. 177-193, pis. Ill, IV.

Hendel, F.

1914. Die Gattungen der Bohrfliegen. Wien. Ent. Zeit.,

XXXIII, pp. 73-98.

1927. Trypetidae, in Lindner, die Fliegen der palaearktischen

Region, 49, 221 pp., 17 pis., 79 figs, in text.

Janes, J. and Thomas, W. L.

1932. Notes on Utah Trypetidae. Utah Acad. Sci., IX, pp.

103-104.

Thomas, F. L.

1914. Three new species of Trypetidae from Colorado. Can.

Ent., XL VI, pp. 425-429, 3 figs.

Townsend, C. H. T.

1893. A trypetid bred from galls on Bigelovia. Can. Ent.,

XXV, pp. 48-52.

Macrovelia horni Uhler

While traveling on the Placerville road just east of Folsom,

during the afternoon of May 5, 1935, the auto suddenly began

to strike numerous small flying insects. This occurred on both

sides of a small creek bed for over a hundred yards. Mr. E. P.

Van Duzee determined captured specimens as the above and

stated that the species is consistently found near water. Similar

swarms were subsequently encountered in lower Amador County

among the hills on May 21. On May 5 the air in the Folsom

locality was full of countless numbers which were flying gen-

erally away from the creek. On striking the auto windshield

they left hardly any mark, which produces the suggestion that

motoring entomologists should attempt to substitute this crea-

ture for the kinds that hit and splash or stick. — H. H. Keifer,

California State Department of Agriculture.

July, 1935]

HATCH— TWO BLIND BEETLES

115

TWO REMARKABLE BLIND BEETLES FROM

NORTHEASTERN OREGON

(Carabidse, Leiodidae)

BY MELVILLE H. HATCH

Late in June of 1933 my good friend, Mr. M. C. Lane of

Walla Walla, Washington, was on his vacation collecting beetles

in the dense evergreen forest hack of Seaside, on the coast of

Clatsop County in extreme northwestern Oregon, He was after

“hig game.” And he got it.

The previous September Mr. Lane had taken in the same

locality a single specimen of the remarkable blind pterostichid,

Anilloferonia Van Dyke, but he had not recognized his prize

until he got home. Now he was back after more. He found

them!

In small rodent tunnels under twelve or fourteen inch logs

sunk two-thirds of their diameter in the damp forest floor, the

remnants of a long deserted lumber camp, Mr. Lane took a series

of the Anilloferonia, which proved to be distinct from Van

Dyke’s species described from Mt. Adams. What is more extra-

ordinary still, he found in the same situation two specimens of

an undescribed blind genus of Leiodidae, the first blind repre-

sentative of this family to be discovered outside of the highly

specialized trimerous Scotocryptini, which are confined to the

nests of bees in the Neotropics. Accompanying the pterostichid

and the leiodid were two specimens of the scarabacid, Mgilia

(Leptcegialia) montana Brown, not blind, but of the same rufo-

testaceous color as the others. In addition, specimens of the

burrowing Pterostichus (Leptoferonia) longicollis LeC, were

abundant, but for the most part occurred at a lesser depth than

the more noteworthy species.

Anilloferonia Van Dyke

(Pan-Pac. Ent., II, 1926, p. 115)

Eyes wanting*; form parallel; basal pronotal impressions

single; sides of pronotum with a single seta in front of middle;

elytra without dorsal punctures; metepisternum short; apterous.

Testaceous; antennae extending beyond base of pronotum; pro-

notum very nearly as long as wide, with base and apex nearly

♦Along the anterior margin of each ocular area in our specimens is a small

white spot of uncertain nature. Perhaps it is a rudimentary eye, although there

is no clear evidence of facets in connection with it.

116

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. XI, NO. 3

equal in width, the sides feebly arcuate ; elytra nine-striated, the

striae impressed and very finely and not closely punctate; scutellar

stria absent; side pieces of meso and metasterna and first two

abdominal sternites somewhat punctate.

A. Sides of pronotum arcuate in anterior half, straight, slightly

convergent and not sinuate posteriorly; hind angles barely

obtuse; basal impressions single, not well defined; basal area

of pronotum obscurely punctate; humeri rounded; prothorax

below apparently not punctate; length 5.5 mm. Washing-

ton (Mt. Adams, 4000 feet) testacea Van D.

A A. Sides of pronotum feebly arcuate anteriorly, thence feebly

sinuate and nearly parallel in about basal sixth, the hind

angles narrowly rectangularly to subacutely rounded; basal

impressions linear, well defined, distinctly punctate; humeri

dentate; no ocellate seta-bearing puncture at base of second

stria; prothorax below on either side evidently sparsely

punctate; three basal protarsal segments broader in male

than in female; male with and female without a small flat

opaque area in middle of posterior portion of last abdo-

minal sternite; length 5-6 mm. Oregon (Seaside)

lanei Hatch sp. nov.*

Typhloleiodes suhterraneus Hatch gen. et sp. nov.

Typhloleiodes Hatch, gen. nov.

A new genus of Leiodidae apparently related to Hydnobius, but

distinguished therefrom by the absence of eyes and a truncate

labrum. Body not contractile; head moderate, without antennal

grooves beneath; labrum short, truncate; antennae with five seg-

mented club, the eighth segment smaller than the ninth and

seventh; pronotum subrectangular, transverse; procoxae trans-

verse, prominent, with evident trochantin; procoxal cavities not

or very narrowly closed behind; mesocoxal widely separated from

elytral epipleurae; metacoxae separated; tarsi five segmented;

tibiae along outer margin more or less minutely spinose, wthout

a dorsal carina. Type: T. suhterraneus sp. nov.

Typhloleiodes suhterraneus Hatch, sp. nov.

Uniform rufo-testaceous, shining; head transverse, finely

sparsely regularly punctate, the frontal and epicranial sutures

faintly indicated, the region in front of the frontal suture trans-

versely strigose, the vertex alutaceous except for the ocular areas

which are strigose, the anterior edge very finely margined; labrum

short truncate, the surface behind the middle of the front margin

elevated to form a prominent tooth; antennae setose, not quite

•Type male, allotype female, and two paratypes (in Hatch collection) : Sea-

side, Ore. (June 28, 1933. M. C, Lane col.) Paratypes same data as type. In

Lane collection. One paratype, same data as type but dated September 4, 1932,

in Lane collection.

July, 1935]

HATCH— TWO BLIND BEETLES

117

extending to the base of the pronotum, the five segments of the

club opaque and pubescent, the six basal segments devoid of short

pubescence, the eighth segment narrower and shorter than either

the ninth or seventh; pronotum as wide as elytra, its side margins

continuous with the elytra and similarly evidently beaded; pro-

notum about three-fourths as long as broad, the apex nearly three-

fourths as wide as the base, the sides arcuate convergent in front

of middle, behind the middle the sides are subparallel and feebly

sinuate in basal third, hind angles rounded, the base very finely

beaded, the disc alutaceous, finely sparsely regularly punctate with

a few larger punctures arranged as follows: five along either side

margin, one close to the front margin on either side of the middle,

two or three in a longitudinal series about midway between the

side margin and the middle, one on either side of the middle to-

wards the apex and a transversely arranged pair on either side

of the middle towards the base; elytra not alutaceous, more shining

and more coarsely punctate than head and pronotum, the punctures

extremely faintly aggregated into about twenty longitudinal series,

the alternate series very faintly impressed, the entire strial ar-

rangement so feeble that at first glance or in certain lights no

evidence of longitudinal series may appear; elytral epipleura wide,

shining, transversely strigose, impunctate except for a series of

punctures along the inner margin; pro-, meso-, and metasterna

carinate at middle, sparsely coarsely punctate and alutaceous;

prothoracic epipleurae smooth and sparsely punctate towards outer

margin, alutaceous or finely strigose within; abdominal sternites

five, sparsely coarsely punctate and alutaceous; trochanters small,

the metatrochanters less than one-fourth the length of the meta-

femur; femora obliquely finely strigose, punctate, shining; tibiae

finely spinose along outer margin, the protibiae straight along

outer margin, arcuate along inner margin, the apex nearly half

as wide as the tibia is long and about five times as wide as is the

tibia at its base; basal segment of the protarsus elongate oval,

nearly as long as the rest of the tarsus exclusive of the claws,

nearly two-fifths as wide as long, the under surface concave and

set with whitish spongy pubescence; length 3.1-3.75 mm.

Type and paratype: Seaside, Ore. (June 28, 1933. M. C. Lane

col.), in Hatch collection.

If these specimens are males, as the protarsi would appear

to indicate, the genus they represent becomes anomalous in the

tribe Leiodini (sensu Reitter, Hatch, etc.), being the only one

with strongly sexually dimorphic protarsi and a five segmented

male abdomen.

Acknowledgments are due to Mr. M. C. Lane for the privilege

of studying this noteworthy material, for the use of his observa-

118

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XI, NO. 3

tions on the type of Anilloferonia testacea Van D., and for his

generosity in permitting me to retain the types for my collection.

I regard the two specimens of Typhloleiodes as by far the

choicest beetles in my entire cabinet.

MONILLIPATROBUS HATCH A SYNONYM OF

PSYDRUS LeC. (CARABID^)

BY MELVILLE H. HATCH

Monillipatrohus punctatus Hatch (Pan-Pac. Ent. IX, 1933,

pp. 118-119) is a synonym of Psydrus piceus LeC., as pointed

out to me by Mr. M. C. Lane and Dr. Fritz van Emden and

established through a comparison with the LeConte type through

the courtesy of Mr. P. J. Darlington, Jr. My error was due to

the fact that all recent descriptions of Psydrus (Horn, Trans.

Am. Ent. Soc., IX, 1881, pp. 124, 131 ; LeConte and Horn, Class.

Col. N. Am., 1883, pp. 21, 26; Dupuis, Gen Ins., 123, 1911, p. 1;

Bradley, Man. Gen. Beetles Am. n. of Mex., 1930, p. 26) refer

to the scrobe of the mandible as without a setigerous puncture,

when the fact is that such a puncture is present, even in LeConte’s

type. Moreover, the first three of these authors as well as

LeConte, Class. Col. N. Am. 1861-1862, pp. 17, 29, 30, describe

the first four segments of the antennae as glabrous, whereas in

reality no more than the basal segment is properly so described,

and even it bears a certain number of short as well as long

setae. A brief reference to Horn’s table (l.c., p. 124) will show

why I placed the beetle in Pogonini. Sloan (Trans. Ent. Soc.

London, 1923, p. 247), followed by Bradley, placed the genus,

together with Nomius, in Pterostichini, in part on the basis of

the presence of a plica on the under surface of the elytra, said

to be absent in Pogonini (Trechini).

Nomius and Psydrus are closely allied. They are dis-

tinguished from the Pterostichini by the punctate mandibular

scrobe and small metatrochanters and from the Pogonini by their

submonilliform antennae. They may be distinguished from each

other as follows:

A. Eyes large, the head narrowed directly behind them, without

appreciable postocular tempora; antennal segments one to

four without or with only a very few of the numerous fine

setae that beset the other segments, but with a few longer

July, 1935]

HATCH— MONILLIPATROBUS

119

setae; body more convex, more finely punctate, shining; hind

angles of pronotum bidentate Nomius Lap.

Ai. Eyes small, with an oblique postocular tempora that is nearly

one-half the length of the eye; first antennal segment with

only a few of the fine setae that densely beset the other seg-

ments; body more depressed, more coarsely punctate, pro-

notum and elytra alutaceous; hind angles of pronotum simple,

distinct, slightly obtuse Psydrus LeC.

Nomius pygmceus Dej. has a wide distribution in both south-

ern Europe (Greece, Bosnia, Hungary, Corsica, Sardinia, south-

ern France) and North America (Quebec to Georgia and Ala-

bama, Ontario, Michigan, Wisconsin, Colorado, British Colum-

bia to California) . The beetles live under stones and logs and

exhale a strong fetid odor. In mid-summer in the Pacific North-

west they frequently get into residences, factories, hospitals, etc.,

attracted by lights at night, and become a nuisance.

Psydrus piceus LeC. was described from Lake Superior, where

Hubbard and Schwarz (Proc. Amer. Philos, Soc. XVH, 1878,

p. 629) record it from Eagle Harbor, Keewenaw Co., Michigan.

In the west it is recorded from Any ox, B. C. (Brown, 25th and

26th Rep. Quebec Soc. Protec. Plants, 1934, p. 146 [Ent. Rec.,

1931, 1932, 1933, p. 6] ) and northern California (Horn, l.c.,

p. 131) and I have seen specimens from Idaho (Cedar Mt. near

Moscow, M. C. Lane), Washington (Mt. Adams, 3000 ft., M. C.

Lane; Kautz Creek on Mt. Rainier; Seattle; Sultan) and Ore-

gon (near Oregon Caves, 4000 ft.). The beetles live under the

bark of logs.

Symphrasis signata Hagen

During the spring of 1934 and again in 1935 an outbreak

of Xylomyges curialis Grote occurred in the Woodlake district

of California. In dissecting the pupae of the Xylomyges taken

from beneath citrus trees several disc-shaped cocoons were found

within the pupal skin. These contained larvae very comparable

to ant lions in shape. About 14 months after collection a species

of mantispid emerged from the cocoons which has been identified

by Mr. E. P. Van Duzee of tbe California Academy of Sciences

as Symphrasis signata Hagen. — R. S. Woglum.

120

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XI, NO. 3

BRITISH COLUMBIAN RECORDS OF CARABID^

AND HYDROPHILID^ ^

(Coleoptera)

BY HUGH B. LEECH

A number of the records here given are additions to the Pro-

vincial list, and as several of the species have been introduced,

their captures are of interest in supplementing recent papers

by Hatch (5, 6) and and Blackwelder (1).

Carabid.®

Gehringia olympica Dari,

This species, recently described by Darlington (4) as from

near Sol Due Hot Springs, Olympic Mts., Washington State, and

Glacier Park, Montana, has turned up at Stanley, 17.VI.’32 (K.

Graham) and at Fernie, 25,VH.’34 (H. Leech). Taken by throw-

ing water onto gravel bars. The identification has been verified

by Mr. Fall.

Carabus nemoralis Mull.

I have not seen a specimen from this province carrying a date

earlier than that of 1923. The species does not occur in the

lists of Taylor (8, 9) or Wickham (12). Mr. A. W. Hanham of

Duncan collected at Victoria from 1901 to 1906 but did not

find nemoralis Mull., while Mr. W. Downes made special efforts to

add to the Carabid records there in 1917, 1918, and 1920, but

did not take this species.

In the collection (now at the University of Illinois) of the

late K. F. Auden, C. nemoralis Mull, is represented as follows

(all collected by Auden) :

1, Victoria, 6.VII.’23; 9, Victoria, 15.III.’24; 2, Victoria,

16.III.’24; 1, Victoria, 17.III.’^24; 1, Vancouver, 25.11. ’24; 2, Van-

couver, April, 1925; 1, Vancouver, 12.V.’25; 1, Vancouver, 25.V.’25.

There are also specimens of Auden’s Victoria (17.HL’24)

series in Mr. Hopping’s collection.

By 1926 the species was very abundant over much of Van-

couver, and in 1929 had begun to enter the University area of

Point Grey. I have seen specimens from Port Haney, about

^ Contribution from the Division of Forest Insects, Entomological Branch,

Department of Agriculture, Ottawa, Canada.

July, 1935]

LEECH— B. C. RECORDS

121

twenty miles up the north bank of the Fraser River from New

Westminster; but it has not yet reached Agassiz, sixty miles up

river, according to Mr. R. Glen denning of the Dominion

Entomological Laboratory there. In fact I have no record of

nemoralis having been taken on the south side of the Fraser

valley.

The only records from the interior of the province are from

Salmon Arm, which is by railroad rather more than 350 miles

from Vancouver. This district is over a slight height of land

from the north end of the Okanagan Valley, and, with an an-

nual precipitation of about 18 inches, is just out of the dry-

belt region. C. nemoralis Mull, was first taken on 2.V.’33 (C. G.

Smith) and on 12.IV.’34, I caught a very fresh male running

along the sidewalk under a street light. Additional specimens

of both sexes have been taken, and the species seems to be well

established. It is probable that freight cars, especially of the

open cattle-car type, were the means of the beetles spreading

so far inland; Salmon Arm is on the main line of the Canadian

Pacific Railway.

Two places which are in direct and constant boat communi-

cation with Victoria and Vancouver, are Nanimo and Prince

Rupert; but no nemoralis have been recorded from either lo-

cality. Nor did Carr (3) find it in northern Alberta.

Pterostichus (Leptoferonia) longicollis Lee.

Duncan and Haney (Leech Coll.) Determined by Dr. Van

Dyke.

Pterostichus (Omaseus) vulgaris L.

Victoria, 23.VIIL’33 (Downes) ; Vancouver, May, 1931,

10.X.’32, 22.X.’32, (Leech). An introduced species.

Pterostichus (Melanius) caudicalis Say.

Creston, Wynndel (Stace-Smith) ; Oliver (Auden). The

identifications of this and the four species following have been

verified by Mr. Alan Nicolay.

Pterostichus (Melanius) luctuosus Dej.

Pender Harbor, Oyama, Vernon, Oliver (Hopping coll.) ;

Salmon Arm, White Lake (Leech coll.).

122

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XI, NO. 3

Pterostichus (Melanius) corvinus Dej.

Okanagan Falls, Osoyoos (Hopping).

Pterostichus (Dysidius) mutus Say.

Pender Harbor, Mara (Hopping coll.) ; Agassiz, Salmon

Arm (Leech coll.).

Platysmatus nitidum Kby.

Osoyoos, Oliver (Hopping coll.) ; Salmon Arm (Leech coll.).

StEREOCERUS H.EMATOPUS Dej.

A single example carrying the label: “Just N. of Ft. St.

James, B .C., 3.V.’32 (H. S. Fowler).” Leech collection. Leng

apparently does not follow Buchanan’s suggestion (2) that

Stereocerus be removed from the Amarini to the Pterostichini..

Lvemosthenus (Pristonychus) complanatus Dej.

One secimen, Victoria, 12.VH.’30 (E. E. Peden) Leech coll.

Determined by Dr. Van Dyke who says that it is “a species of

southwestern Europe, introduced along the western coast of

both North and South America by the Spaniards over a hundred

years ago. It has been gradually extending its range along our

coast within recent years.”

Platynus hardyi Lee.

Vancouver, 28.VL’33 (Leech). Determined by Mr. Fall, who

remarks that he does not know of any records of the species

having been taken between B. C. and the Maritime provinces.

Platynus (Paragonum) belleri Hatch

This recently described species (6) has been taken on

sphagnum at the edge of a small lake at Steelhead, 5.VH,’34 (K.

Graham) . The specimens vary above from shining aeneous to

absolutely black.

Harp ALUS washingtonensis Van D.

Identified by Dr. Van Dyke, who recorded a specimen from

Nanaimo in his original description (10). Examples in the

Hopping and Leech collections are from Cowichan Lake, Pender

Harbor, Vancouver and Steelhead.

July, 1935]

LEECH— B. C. RECORDS

123

Hydrophilid.^:

Sph.5:ridium bipustulatum F.

First noted in 1931, at Vancouver and Salmon Arm. This

species has^ become very common at the latter place, where it

now almost outnumbers scarabceoides L. It is highly probable

that the constant hauling of cattle in open railway cars is a

major factor in distributing certain species of Sphaeridium,

Cercyon, and Aphodius in Western Canada.

Sph^ridium scarab^oides L.

Common throughout the southern portion of B. C. This

species is exceedingly numerous in cow and horse dung, while

bipustulatum F. is usually taken on the wing.

Cercyon unipunctatus L.

Salmon Arm; not rare; March to May, when it can be taken

in flight in barnyards.

Cercyon quisquilius L.

Very common. Salmon Arm, Vancouver, Vernon.

Cercyon pr^^itextatus Say

Rare. Peachland (Wallis, 11).

Cercyon adumbratum Mann.

Steelhead, May, in human faeces. Determined by Mr. Fall

who says that these specimens, with the elytral intervals dis-

tinctly punctate, are identical with examples of adumbratum in

the Leconte collection, which were sent by Mannerheim himself.

Cercyon analis Payk.

Vancouver, Steelhead, Salmon Arm (Leech coll.). Pender

Harbor (Hopping coll.). Taken under rotted straw in March,

and flying in April, at Salmon Arm. Vancouver examples are

dated February and March. The identification has been verified

by Mr. Fall. Blackwelder apparently missed Keen’s record (7)

in preparing his paper on the species of the Pacific Coast.

124

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XI, NO. 3

Megasternum posticatum Mann.

Vancouver, Steelhead, Pender Harbor.

Cryptopleurum minutum Fab.

Duncan, Mara, Sugar Lake, Merritt (Hopping) ; Steelhead,

Vancouver, Salmon Arm, Fernie (Leech).

Acknowledgments. Several British Columbian collectors have

contributed data on Carahus nemoralis Mull. Mr. H. C. Fall,

Dr. E. C. Van Dyke, and Mr. Alan Nicolay have been kind

enough to identify, or to verify my determinations of the Cara-

bidce mentioned in their papers; while Mr. Fall and Mr. R. E.

Blackwelder have done the same for some of the Sphaeridiinae.

Dr. H. H. Ross of the Illinois States Natural History Survey

sent me the records of C. nemoralis Mull, from the Auden col-

lection. I am very grateful to these gentlemen, and to Mr. Ralph

Hopping for permission to examine specimens in his collection.

Literature Cited

Blackwelder, R. E.

(1) 1931, Pan-Pac. Ent., VIII, No. 1, pp. 19-32.

Buchanan, L. L.

(2) 1924, Gan. Ent., LVI, pp. 40-42.

Carr, F. S.

(3) 1920, Alb. Nat. Hist. Soc., pp. 1-8.

Darlington, P. J.

(4) 1933, Pan-Pac. Ent., IX, No. 3, pp. 110-114.

Hatch, M. H.

(5) 1931, Pan-Pac. Ent., VIII, No. 2, p. 78.

(6) 1933, Pan-Pac. Ent., IX, No. 3, pp. 117-121

Keen, J. H.

(7) 1895, Can. Ent., XXVII, No. 7, pp. 165-172.

And No. 8, pp. 217-220.

Taylor, C. W.

(8) 1884, Can. Ent., XVI, pp. 61-62.

(9) 1886, Can. Ent., XVII, pp. 34-37.

Van Dyke, E. C.

(10) 1926, Pan-Pac. Ent., II, No. 3, pp. 113-126.

Wallis, J. B.

(11) Record in the 54th Annual Rept. of the Ent. Soc. of

Ont., 1923, p. 90.

Wickham, H. F.

(12) 1890, Can. Ent., XXII, pp. 169-172.

125

July, 1935]

BLAISDELL— A NEW TRIOROPHID

A NEW TRIOROPHID FROM DEATH VALLEY, CALIFORNIA

( Coleoptera : Tenebrionidae )

BY FRANK E. BLAISDELL. SR,*

The remarkable Triorophid described below was collected

in Death Valley, Inyo County, California. This valley is the

sink of the Amargora River and lies east of the Panamint Range

of Mountains; it is about 150 feet below sea level, and has evi-

dently been once an extensive lake, although now a desert

region — a dry, alkaline plain in summer and a mud flat in ordi-

nary winters.

Eschatomoxys Blaisdell, new genus

Head subquadrate; epistoma lobed, lobe triangular and not

deflexed, epistomal ridge absent; antennae long and subfiliform,

segments unusually elongate; mandibles stout, bifid at tip, each

with a porrect tooth. Eyes distant from the pronotal apex, feebly

convex and not more prominent than sides of frons and tempora;

a supraciliary carina present. Mentum transverse and hexagonal

with bristling setae near the sides. Labrum retractile. Gula with

a deep fusiform impression behind the submentum. Maxillary

palpi not visible, completely retractile, or lost in the type; labial

palpi small. Pronotum not margined laterally, continuously arcu-

ate with the sides of prothorax. Prosternal intercoxal process

arcuate between the coxae. Intercoval process of abdomen mod-

erately broad and rounded at apex; first segment with a pubes-

cent fovea at middle in the male. Legs long and slender; femora

clavate, very slender in basal one-half. Tibial spurs moderate in

length and slender. Tarsi long and tenuous, sparsely spinous be-

neath; claws moderately long and attenuated.

Genotype: Eschatomoxys ivagneri, new species.

The generic term refers to the unusual form of the antennae

for a member of the Tribe Triorophini. It is a marvelous addi-

tion to the known Tentyriid fauna. The species is evidently more

or less subterranean in habits. It is hoped that the present study

will stimulate collectors to search for other specimens and to

discover the female.

Eschatomoxys wagneri Blaisdell, new species

Form elongate ovate, a little more than twice as long as wide,

surface smooth, sculpturing feeble to more or less obsolete. Color

♦Stanford Medical School and Associate in Research, California Academy of

Sciences, San Francisco, California.

126

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XI, NO. 3

piceous with a slig'ht tinge of rufous, posterior one-half of body

more evidently rufous; antennae and legs dark rufous, labrum pale.

Luster dull and finely alutaceous. Pubescense extremely sparse

and extremely inconspicuous.

Head about one-sixth wider than long and quite equal to

length of pronotum; neck somewhat long; equally wide across

tempora, eyes and sides of frons, the latter parallel, moderately

arcuate and not convergent, angles evenly and strongly rounded,

thence transverse and straight to the position of the obsolete cica-

trices of the oblique sutures, margin sparsely fimbriate with short

hairs; epistomal lobe as in Stibia, but not deflexed, moderately

convex; sides straight to the obtuse apex, margin irregularly

serrulate. Tempora scarcely more prominent than sides of neck,

the latter slightly posteriorly convergent, broadly and very feebly

sinuate to become parallel. Frons broad, very feebly convex an-

teriorly, a little more convex on vertex, transversely arcuate and

declivous laterally behind the tempora; surface feebly impressed

within the supra-antennal convexities; the latter convex antero-

posteriorly, and declivous against the eyes; supraciliary margin

narrowly and abruptly vertical, obtusely carinate, carinae extend-

ing forward and bounding the preocular impressions within. Sur-

face finely and rather evenly punctate, punctures shallow, not well

defined and separated by a distance equal to twice their diameters.

Eyes not in the least prominent, irregularly circular in outline,

facets scarcely convex. Antennae very long and not quite attain-

ing the middle of elytra; segments two to eight inclusive very

elongate, cylindrical, each briefly enlarged at apex to receive the

condyle of next segment; segments nine, ten and eleven slightly

wider; the first elongate, subconical and about five times as long

as wide at apex; second six times as long as wide at middle, equal

in length to fifth as well as to the combined lengths of ninth and

tenth; fourth segment quite equal in length to sixth, seventh or

eighth, and seven times as long as wide at middle ; ninth obconical,

and three and one-half times as long as wide at apex, about one-

third of its length shorter than eight; tenth suboblong and about

three times as wide at apex as eighth at middle, one-third longer

than wide at apex; eleventh fusiform, elongate, four times as

long as width at middle and as long as eighth.

Pronotum widest slightly before the middle, one-third wider

than long; apex a little wider than base, truncate in very mod-

erate circular arc, not margined except feebly in lateral thirds,

angles distinct and not in the least prominent. Sides broadly and

feebly arcuate, slightly convergent from apex to base, not mar-

gined; viewed from the side feebly margined in apical fourth be-

hind the angles, rendering the latter subacute. Base broadly and

slightly arcuate, marginal bead rather coarse and flat, angles

obtuse, rendered minutely evident by the bead. Disk transversely

convex and arpuately continuous with the hypopleurae, less so

July, 1935]

BLAISDELL— A NEW TRIOROPHID

127

antero-laterally, the apical angles not entirely visible when viewed

from above; slightly convex antero-posteriorly and linearly im-

pressed against the basal bead; punctate as on the frons, punctures

slightly better defined.

Prothorac sides less than moderately convex, punctures larger,

shallow, not well defined and a little more widely spaced; coxal

convexities impunctate. Prosternal apical margin broadly and

slightly emarginate, rendering the apical pronotal angles promi-

nent and more acute, as viewed from below; punctures as on the

hypopleurse, but somewhat obliquely impressed rendering their

anterior margins more prominent than the posterior; surface

slightly asperate.

Elytra oval, widest at middle, about one-half longer than wide

and nearly four times as long as the pronotum; base equal to

that of the pronotum, slightly and broadly emarginate and adapted

to the latter, margined, margin slightly irregular and not coarse;

humeri obtuse and not in the least prominent. Sides broadly and

quite strongly arcuate, more convergent in apical fourth to the

obtusely ogival apex. Disk moderately strongly convex in the

central area, more strongly, broadly and arcuately declivous later-

ally, feebly indexed, the arcuation quite continuous with that of

the abdomen; apical declivity gradual and arcuately oblique; apical

submarginal impressed area narrow and not extending across the

suture. Surface in basal one-fourth with very feebly indicated

series of small punctures, that are most evident near base and

gradually evanescent posteriorly, otherwise obsolescent.

Epipleurae narrow, at base as wide as the metepisternum,

gradually narrower toward apex; superior margin feeble and

slightly irregular from the elytral submarginal punctation; in-

ferior margins distinct but not strong; surface smooth. Meso-

sternum subasperate, punctures not well defined, close and mod-

erately large. Metasternal punctures rather well defined, mod-

erate in size and separated by a distance equal to two to four

times their diameter, and there is a row of small punctures before

the metacoxse. Mesepisternal punctures large and more densely

placed, those of the metepisterna small and forming an irregular

row along the inner surface. Epimera impunctate, the mese-

pimera connate with their episternum. Metepimera suboval, as

long as wide and interposed between the metacoxse and the inferior

epipleural margins.

Abdomen moderately convex, less so on first segment, im-

punctate; except in the vicinity of the pubescent fovea, punctures

minute, each with a fine, short and inconspicuous hair; a few

widely scattered and very minute setigerous punctures are dis-

cernable under high power. First segment on median line as long

as second and fourth together; second about twice as long as

fourth and almost one-third longer than the third.

128

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XI, NO. 3

Legs long and slender, feebly sculptured; femoral punctules

very minute and sparse, each with a pale, fine, short and recum-

bent hair. Tibiae slightly flattened on their outer surface with

widely placed muricate points or minute spicules. Metatibiae sub-

equal in length to their femur; mesofemora almost one-eighth of

their length longer than their tibia; profemora and their tibia

quite equal in length. Tarsi slender, a mesotarsus four-fifths as

long as its tibia.

Measurements: Length 9 mm.; width 4 mm.

1. Eschatomoxys wagneri Blais., new species. Male type.

2. Abdomen showing position of the pubescent fovea at middle

of first segment, and what appears to be ambulatorial setae.

3. Mentum and labial palpi with apex of ligula showing; behind

the submentum lines indicating boundary of deep gular im-

pression.

4. Femora showing degree of slenderness: A, profemora; B, meso-

femora; C, metafemora, also a coxa separated from inferior

epipleural margin by the metepimeron.

July, 1935]

BLAISDELL^A NEW TRIOROPHID

129

Type a male, No. 4095, a unique in the author’s collection.

Museum of the California Academy of Sciences. Found in Death

Valley, Inyo County, California, October, 1922. Kindly given

to the author by Mr. Roy L. Wagner, of Fresno, California. Un-

fortunately all of the tarsi are imperfect except two.

THREE NEW SPECIES OF CYB^US

BY HARRIET EXLINE

The following three species of Cybaeus are closely related and

will run to f’ in the key provided by Chamberlin and Ivie^ (p.

9). The chelicerae are strongly geniculate, there are 3 pairs of

spines on the ventral side of tibia I and II, the opening of the

epigynum is small, near the epigastric furrow, without a septum,

the cephalothorax is over 3.5 mm, and the legs are annulate.

These species must therefore be separated from C. reticulatus

Simon and C, shoshoneus Chamberlin and Ivie, their nearest

relatives. This section of the key to species of Cybaeus may be

expanded as follows:

f’. Legs annulate.

g. Opening of epigynum sharply defined laterally.

h. No sacs visible, or if sacs show through chitin, tubes

also visible.

i. Opening of epigynum extending anteriorly to cen-

ter of plate. No definite tubes of sacs visible

C. olymtpisR sp. n.

i’. Opening of epigynum not extending anteriorly to

center of plate. Tubes of epigynum appearing

through chitin as two pairs of transverse thicken-

ings vC. reticvlatus S.

h. Sacs alone visible through chitin. Two pairs of sacs

arranged longitudinally C. hatchi sp. n.

g’. Opening of epigynum not sharply defined laterally.

h. Sacs of epigynum immediately anterior to opening of

epigynum C. shoshoneus Ch. and I.

h’. Sacs of epigynum distant from opening of epigynum

C. chaudius sp. n.

Cybaeus olympiae Exline, n. sp.

Female: General features typical of the genus. Posterior

eyes equidistant; clypeus two times diameter of the anterior

^ Chamberlin and Ivie : North American Spiders of the Genera Cybseus and

Cybaeina. Bull. Univ. of Utah, vol. 23, no, 2, 1932,

130

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. XI, NO. 3

lateral eyes; chelicerae moderately geniculate. Three pairs of

spines on venter of tibiae I and II. Four small teeth and several

denticles on the lower furrow of the chelicerae. Colulus not dis-

tinguishable.

Chelicerae, head and legs pale grayish yellow; thorax grayish

with indications of radiating marks from the thoracic groove; legs

banded with gray. Dorsum of abdomen dark gray with distinct yel-

lowish lanceolate marks anteriorly and two large pairs of spots

of same color on each side, posterior part with several pairs of

yellowish chevrons. Sides and venter very pale grayish yellow.

Epigynum with medium-sized, heart-shaped opening which con-

tacts epigastric furrow. No structures visible through chitin

immediately surrounding opening but thickenings border the plate

anteriorly and laterally, (fig. 1).

Measurements — Length: 8.7 mm.; cephalothorax : length 4.2,

width 2.9, head 1.8 mm.; abdomen: length 4.4, width 3.0 mm.

Legs I II III IV

Coxa-Troch 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.6

Femur 2.9 2.9 2.7 1.6

Pat.-Tibia 3.2 2.6 3.7

Metatarsus 2.0 1.9

Tarsus 1.4 1.2

Type, female, Olympia, Washington, May, 1932 (Harriet

Exline), in collection of H. Exline.

Cybaeus hatchi Exline, n. sp.

Female : Form typical but for the very broad abdomen. Clypeus

nearly twice as broad as the diameter of the anterior lateral eyes ;

four stout teeth on the lower margin of furrows of chelicerae and

3-4 denticles; labium longer than wide, sternum broad, extending

only halfway bethind coxae; three pairs of spines on ventral face

of tibiae I and II. Colulus distinct but very small..

Color typical of dark species; chelicerae and anterior part of

cephalothorax dark chestnut brown; thorax brownish yellow with

dark bands radiating from the thoracic groove. Coxae of legs

yellow, other segments with gray annulations, sometimes incom-

plete. Abdomen dark gray with usual lighter markings; a dis-

tinct median row of paired gray marks, sides very much flecked

with light gray.

Epigynum with small opening near epignastric furrow; a

pair of dark sacs clearly visible anterior to opening, and another

pair not so near suface anterior to first pair. (f. 2).

Measurements — Length: 10.5 mm.; cephalothorax: length 4.5,

width 2.5, head 2.0 mm; abdomen: length 5.8, wihth 4.5 mm.

July, 1935]

EXLINE— THREE NEW

CYBjEUS

131

Legs

III

Coxa-Troch

1.7

1.4

1.5

Femur

2.6

2.5

2.2

2.1

Tibia-Pat

3.2

2.7

3.4

Metatarsus ....

2.1

1.7

1.9

2.2

Tarsus

1.3

1.4

1.7

Type, female, Pierce, Idaho, August 30, 1933 (M. H, Hatch),

in collection of H, Exline.

Explanation of Figures

Fig. 1. Cyhseus olympice sp. n., epigynum of female.

Fig. 2. CyhsRus hatchi sp. n., epigynum of female.

Fig. 3. Cyhceus chaudius sp. n., epigynum of female.

Cybaeus chaudius Exline, n. sp.

Female: Essentially typical in form, although cephalothorax

is slightly more slender than usual. Posterior eyes equidistant,

clypeus one and one-half times the diameter of the anterior lateral

eyes. Tibiae I and II with three pairs of spines. Sternum extend-

ing slightly more than half-way behind hind coxae. Colulus minute

but distinct.

Chelicerae and head chestnut brown; thorax and legs more

yellowish, with smoky gray radiating marks on thorax and smoky

gray annulations on legs. Abdomen gray with lighter gray mark-

ings in a paired row down center of dorsum and irregularly scat-

tered over sides; venter fawn-colored.

Epigynum with small opening near epigstric plate, not clearly

defined laterally. Thickenings visible under chitin immediately

132

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. XI, NO. 3

anterior to opening' in transverse row, but no definite structures

are visible except a large pair of sacs in anterior region of plate,

(fig. 3.)

Measurements — Length: 11.5 mm.; cephalothorax : length 5.5,

width 2.9, head 2.1 mm.; abdomen: length 6:5, width 4.4 mm.

Legs I II III IV

Coxa-Troch 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.6

Femur 2.9 2.9 2.6 3.1

Tibia-Pat 3.3 3.4 2.9 3,7

Metatarsus 2.4 2.1 2.3 2.9

Tarsus 1.6 1.3 1.1 1.7

Type, female, Palouse, Washington, August 28, 1932 (M. H.

Hatch) , in collection of H. Exline.

The author wishes to acknowledge her indebtedness to Pro-

fessor Trevor Kincaid under whose direction this work has been

done, and to Dr. M. H. Hatch for collecting specimens and offer-

ing many helpful suggestions.

A NEW GENUS AND TWO NEW SPECIES OF

COLEOPTERA FROM CALIFORNIA

(Scarabaeidae)

BY LAWRENCE W. SAYLOR

University of Calif ornia, Berkeley, California

Leptohoplia Saylor, new genus

Entirely testaceous, eyes black. Elongate-oval, glabrous above,

without scales, highly polished. Head unarmed, clypeus much

thickened apically, sides parallel; eyes large (seemingly small

from above). Antennae 9-segmented, club one-fifth longer than

the entire stem. Mentum obscured by its covering, a large coni-

cal brush composed of many long erect hairs. Thorax with com-

plete margin, hind angles very broadly rounded, sides ciliate,

arcuate, entire, surface moderately alutaceous. Elytra with promi-

nent humeral umbones, striae not evident. Abdomen with six visible

segments. Front tibiae bidentate externally; tarsi with first seg-

ment equal in length to two and three combined. Front claws

with the inner one large, curved and cleft, the upper portion acute,

the lower portion three times wider than the upper and truncate

at apex; outer claws of front tarsi small acute slightly-curved,

one-third as long as the inner claws. Tibiae of middle leg slender;

tarsi with one large claw divided into a small upper acute part

and a lower part three times as wide and obliquely rounded at

July, 1935]

SAYLOR— LEPTOHOPLIA, APHODIUS

133

apex, and a very small claw represented by an irreg'ularly-shaped

remnant one-sixth as long as the other. Tibiae of hind legs slender

at base and a little more than two times as long as wide at apex,

with two large apical spurs; tarsi with one large entire claw and

an extremely small rudiment of the other.

Genotype'. Leptohoplia testa ceipennis Saylor, new species.

A genus very difi&cult to place in the present classification.

Probably nearest to Hoplia, but abundantly distinct as may be

seen by the following summation of the main differences. I

believe it represents a new tribe somewhat allied to Hopliini.

Hoplia

1. No hind tibial spurs.

2. Antennal club ovate, very

small.

3. Surface usually densely

scaly.

4. Body broad, depressed.

5. Middle and front tarsi with

two well-developed claws,

though one is longer.

6. Pygidium exposed from

above.

Leptohoplia

1. Spurs well developed.

2. Antennal club very large.

3. Surface glabrous, no scales.

4. Body elongate-oval, convex.

5. These tarsi with one large

claw and one small rudi-

ment.

6. Pygidium hidden from above.

Leptohoplia testaceipennis Saylor, new species

Testaceous, glabrous, shining. Head convex, with a few scat-

tered punctures near sides of front, vertex impunctate; eyes with-

out a margin of hairs above; clypeal suture straight, not im-

pressed; clypeus with sides parallel, apex greatly thickened, evenly

rounded and reflexed slightly, disc sparsely punctured in basal

half, a rather large polished piece separating the sides of the

clypeal base from the corresponding parts of the front, half of

this piece extending as a narrowed arm over part of the eye.

Antennse nine-segmented, club one-fifth longer than the entire

stem. Thorax arcuately rounded at sides, hind angles very broadly

rounded, entirely margined; disc finely irregularly very sparsely

punctured. Elytra three times longer than the thorax, faintly

rugose, very finely, not densely, punctured. Pygidium almost

twice as wide as long, convex, finely moderately densely setiger-

ously punctured. Abdomen polished, finely setigerously punctured,

fifth segment longer than the sixth. Hind tibial spurs very long,

slender and bluntly pointed, one three-fourths as long as the other.

Length 5.5 mm.

Hjolotype and paratype in the collection of the California

Academy of Sciences, and one paratype in the author’s collec-

tion. All three specimens are from the collection of Dr. E. C.

134

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XI, NO. 3

Van Dyke and were taken in Imperial County (probably Im-

perial Valley) by J. C. Bridwell in June and July of 1912.

This very distinct species can be confused with no others of

our fauna, nor is it closely related to any of them.

Aphodius essigi Saylor, new species

Oblong-oval, strongly shining, glabrous, rufo-piceous to some-

what brownish. Head moderately densely somewhat coarsely

punctured; Clypeal suture obsolete at middle; apex of clypeus

slightly emarginate, angles broadly rounded, genae obtuse and mod-

erately prominent beyond the eye. Sides of thorax somewhat

arcuate, entire, front angles blunt and very obtuse, hind angles

subangulate but obtuse, only slightly indicated, basal margin

faintly sinuate each side of middle, base with strong entire margin;

disc very densely punctured, with coarse and moderately coarse

punctures intermixed and in about the same proportion. Elytral

humeri rounded, strias moderately coarsely not densely punctured,

intervals subconvex, moderately densely finely punctured. Hind

femora polished, very sparsely finely punctured, with a few scat-

tered hairs. Mesosternum not carinate. Posterior tibiae with

unequal bristles at apex. Metasternum highly polished at middle,

very finely sparsely punctured. Front tibiae slightly crenate above

the basal external tooth. Inner spur of front tibiae acute, slightly

curved. First segment of hind tarsi subequal to the next three

combined. Length 4.3 mm.

The unique type is from Sonoma County, California, taken

in December. This species runs to A, consentaneus in Horn’s

key, but is easily separated from it by the color, type of thoracic

puncturation, distribution, etc.

Personals

Our California entomologists have continued their accustomed

activities the past season. Dr. E. C. Van Dyke made a profitable

collecting trip to New Mexico by way of the Grand Canyon, re-

turning through southern Colorado and Nevada, bringing home

a large and valuable series of insects to be added to the collec-

tions of the Academy of Sciences. Dr. F. E. Blaisdell worked

about Fallen Leaf Lake with excellent results and your editor

had a most enjoyable trip with Dr. and Mrs. Cockerell to Grants

Pass by way of the Pacific Highway, returning by the Redwood

Highway, with the collection of our native bee fauna as an

objective. — E. P. Van Duzee.

July, 1935]

KNOWLTON— WESTERN APHIDS

135

NOTES ON WESTERN APHIDS^

BY GEORGE F. KNOWLTON

This paper includes descriptions of five apparently unde-

scribed aphids. The writer is indebted to Professor M. A. Palmer

of the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station for her opinions

on the Cinara species.

Macrosiphum sporadicum Knowlton, n. sp.

This large green aphid was sometimes taken in moderate

abundance upon rabbit brush, Chrysothamnus nauseosus, in parts

of Boxelder County, Utah, principally between Brigham City

and Harper, and below Mantua, in Brigham Canyon. Living

individuals are rather characteristic, with their large, plump abdo-

mens and the hoary, grayish pruinose covering over the apple-

green body. Mounted specimens, especially smaller individuals,

closely resemble Macrosiphum packi Knowlton.

Apterous vivipara. Size large, 3.7 to 4.1 mm. long and 1.45 to

1.63 mm. across the abdomen; some smaller, only 2.4 mm. long;

color apple green and heavily pruinose above. Head with vertex

deeply emarginate; eyes prominent, ocular tubercles rudimentary

or lacking ; hairs on vertex about 0.07 mm. long and slightly capi-

tate; antennse blackish beyond proximal one-third of III; antennal

I large, somewhat gibbus; III, 0.93 to 1.01 mm. long with 4 to 7

circular sensoria; IV, 0.92 to 1.1 mm. without sensoria; V, 0.76

to 0.79 mm.; VI, 0.14 + 0.94 to 0.15 + 1.2 mm.; rostrum not ex-

ceeding second coxae; hind tibia 2.0 to 2.34 mm. long; tarsus black,

0.2 mm. long. Abdomen plump; cornicles blackish, 0.92 to 1.0

mm. long in summer forms and 0.75 mm. in stem mothers; cauda

long and broad, with six to seven curved hairs on each side and

one to three on dorsal surface near distal end.

Alate vivipara. Size 2,0 to 2,03 mm. long. Head with promi-

nent antennal tubercles; eyes as in aptera; antennas beyond basal

fifth of III blackish; antennal III 0.81 to 0.88 mm. long and with

9 to 17 broad margined sensoria; IV, 0.82 to 1.0 mm.; V, 0.74 to

0.8 mm.; VI, 0.13 + 0.5 mm. long. Wings with media twice

branched (once branched in one wing) ; veins blackish with very

faint marginal shading. Abdomen with cornicles blackish, slim,

0.63 to 0.71 mm. long, with a slight enlargement for about 0.1

mm. preceding the flange.

Apterous ovipara. Color reddish tan and whitish pruinose;

size 2.23 to 2,45 mm. long, and 1.1 to 1.23 mm. wide. Ocular

^ Contribution from the Department of Entomology, Utah Agricultural Ex-

periment Station.

Authorized for publication by Director.

136

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XI, NO. 3

tubercles lacking’; antennal tubercles somewhat diverging; an-

tennal III, 0.81 to 0.89 mm. long with 4 to 5 small sensoria; IV,

0.9 to 0.92 mm.; V. 0.71 mm.; VI. 0.14 + 0.95 mm. long. Hind

tibiae 1.65 to 1.84 mm. long, with much of basal half swollen and

covered with sensoria. Hairs on abdomen capitate, but seldom

distinctly broad, flattened or flabellate, as in apterous viviparous

females; cornicles 0.71 mm. long, distal half dusky.

Stem mothers were collected in Utah upon Chrysothamnus

nauseosus in Brigham Canyon, May 29, 1928. Winged females

were taken in Brigham Canyon on July 21, 1928, and one was

collected on the same date near Logan. Wingless females were

collected throughout the season, in Brigham Canyon from May

to mid-Octoher. Several collections were made at Honeyville

and Harper, particularly during September and October 1927.

A few specimens were taken near Deweyville, September 3, 1927.

Specimens were taken at Brigham, October 11, 1927, and in Logan

Canyon, September 15, 1928. One collection was made at Pres-

ton, Idaho, September 10, 1927. Type locality, near river cross-

ing in Brigham Canyon, below Mantua, in Boxelder County,

Utah (Knowlton).

Macrosiphum sporadicum is armed with flattened to some-

what flabelliform hairs suggesting a relationship to the genus

Capitophorus. This species is closely related to Macrosiphum

packi Knowlton (Pan-Pac. Ent., 4: 169-171; 5: 81-84), from

which it differs in having a heavy grayish pulverulence cover-

ing the body above, more lateral hairs on the less tapered cauda,

and in its larger size.

Macrosiphum packi Knowlton

This species usually has four or three lateral hairs on each

side of the cauda; somewhat more slender than sporadicum.

Large packi females taken at Nephi, September 19, 1928, meas-

ured 3.2 and 3.45 mm. long and 1.0 and 1.4 mm. wide across

the abdomen, respectively.

Collections: in Utah upon Chrysothamnus nauseosus at Cedar

Fort, August 22, 1932; at Draper, July 7, 1929; Junction Valley,

August 13, 1932; Yost, August 13, 1932; and upon C. parryi

at Nephi, September 27, 1927, and Vernon, May 24, 1929. Col-

lected upon C. nauseosus at Paris, Idaho, August 16, 1927

(Knowlton) .

July, 1935]

KNOWLTON— WESTERN APHIDS

137

Capitophorus elongatus Knowlton

Collected in Utah upon Chrysothamnus parryi at Emery,

July 28, 1928, at Salina, July 28, 1928, and at Vernon, May 24,

1929, and upon C. nauseosus at Cedar Fort, August 22, 1932

(Knowlton) .

Capitophorus cestlundi Knowlton

Collected in Utah upon Chrysothamnus nauseosus at Cedar

Fort, August 22, 1932; Grouse Creek, August 13, 1932, and upon

what appears to be C. parryi at Stockton and Clover, August

14, 1929. Specimens also were taken upon C. nauseosus at Fort

Bridger and Lyman, Wyoming, August 4, 1932! (Knowlton) .

Capitophorus utensus Pack and Knowlton

Collected upon Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus at Bryce Canyon

and near Panguitch on July 29, 1928; Curlew Valley, and Cedar

Spring (Knowlton) .

Aphis nigra gregalis Knowlton, n. sp.

Bluish black to greenish black, covered with a slight pul-

verulence. Feeds upon young twig bark, tender stems, leaves,

and bases of flowers, causing distortion of the younger apical

portions of the plant. Host, Chrysothamnus nauseosus \ a few

collections on other species of Chrysothamnus. Commonly at-

tended by ants and attacked by syrphid fly maggots, aphis lions,

and both adult and larval ladybird beetles. This aphid is sluggish

and not easily disturbed.

This species keys to Aphis gregalis in Gillette and Palmer’s

key (Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 25: 374-375).

Apterous vivipara. Size 1.4 to 1.5 mm. long and 1.0 to 1.1

mm. wide across plump abdomens; abdomen and sometimes thorax

and head mottled or banded with black. Head vertex broadly

rounded; rostrum reaching beyond second coxae, with tip narrowly

obtuse; antennae blackish; antennal III, 0.23 to 0.29 mm. long

with 2 to 7 rounded sensoria; IV, 0.12 to 0.15 mm., usually with

1 distal sensorium; V, 0.12 to 0.15 mm.; VI, 0.1 + 0.11 to 0.13

+ 0.16 mm. Prothorax with well-developed tubercles; lateral

glandular protruberence on mesothorax; hind tibia 0.65 to 0.75

mm. long. Abdomen plump with two pairs of well developed

lateral tubercles; cornicles black, lightly imbricated, slightly

tapered, 0.11 to 0.14 mm, long; cauda black.

Alate vivipara. Abdomen greenish black to bluish black with

138

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XI, NO. 3

slight pulverulence. Size 1.07 to 1.6 mm. long. Head with vertex

rounded in front; rostrum reaching to or beyond second coxae;

antennae with few pointed hairs which are scarcely as long as

thickness of segments; antennal III, 0.21 to 0.3 mm. long with 6

to 10 circular sensoria; IV, 0.11 to 0.16 mm., with 0 to 2 sensoria;

V, 0.11 to 0.15 mm.; VI, 0.1 + 0.14 to 0.11 + 0.17 mm. long. Pro-

thoracic tubercles large; a lateral structure on mesothorax ap-

pears to be glandular; wing venation frequently normal but with

great variation, especially in media of fore wing, one of the forks

often being lost; hind tibiae 0.61 to 0.74 mm. long. Abdomen

moderately plump; cornicles short, cylindrical to slightly tapered,

weakly imbricated, without a flange, 0.08 to 0.1 mm. long; cauda

conical, usually with 4 or 5 hairs on each side.

Apterous ovipara. Similar to apterous vivipara but abdomen

more elongate at caudal end. Size 1.45 to 1.76 mm. long and 0.9

to 1.0 mm. wide. Antennal III, 0.2 to 0.21 mm. long, with 0 to 1

sensorium; IV, 0.1 to 0.11 mm.; V, 0.11 to 0.13 mm.; VI, 0.08 +

0.11 mm. long. Cornicles 0.1 mm. long, cylindrical; hind tibia

0.57 mm. long, somewhat swollen, and armed with scattered

sensoria, especially near the middle.

Apterous male. Small, 1.04 mm. long and 0.58 mm. wide; head

broad, vertex well rounded; antennae blackish; antennal III, 0.19

mm. long and armed with 10 to 15 rounded sensoria; IV, 0.11 mm.

with 6 to 8 sensoria; V, 0.11 mm. with 3 to 5 sensoria; VI, 0.1 +

0.14 mm. long. Prothoracic and first abdominal lateral tubercles

large and conspicuous; a glandular protuberance on lateral margin

of mesothorax resembles the lateral tubercles to some extent but

is more broadly rounded and does not project out so far as do

prothoracic tubercles. Hind tibia 0.48 mm. long; cornicles black,

cylindrical to tapered, 0.05 to 0.06 mm. long; cauda black, broadly

cone-shaped, with about 3 hairs on each side.

Collected upon rabbit brush in Utah at Amalga, Blacksmith

Fork Canyon, Brigham City, Beaver Dam, Dewey ville. Fielding,

Hansel’s Mountains, Harper, Honeyville, Salt Lake City, Logan,

Logan Canyon, Smithfield, Trenton, and Wellsville (Knowlton).

Type locality, 3 miles north of Brigham City, Utah.

Aphis cry plus Pack and Knowlton is a closely related form

from root and crown of match brush; it may be separated from

the above species by its flanged cornicles.

Aphis zonassa Knowlton, n. sp.

Described from ten apterous and two alate viviparous females

collected upon rabbit brush, Chrysothamnus parryi, near Kanab,

Utah, June 26, 1927. This aphid is close to Aphis lugentis Wil-

liams. The body size of zanassa is considerably smaller than

July, 1935]

KNOWLTON— WESTERN APHIDS

139

A. lugentis; because of this, its different host plant relationship

and the uniformly smaller number of secondary sensoria on an-

tennal III, zonassa is described as a new species.

Apterous vivipara. Color black; size 1.52 to 1.7 mm. long and

1.0 and 1.1 mm. wide across plump abdomen. Head with ocular

tubercles present; rostrum sometimes reaching to abdomen, nar-

rowly obtuse at tip; black antennse with a few inconspicuous

hairs; antennal III, 0.27 to 0.32 mm. long and with 0 to 1 distal

rounded sensorium; IV, 0.17 to 0.2 mm. and armed with 4 to 7

sensoria; V, 0.14 to 0.18 mm. with 0 to occasionally 1 secondary

sensorium; VI, 0.1 + 0.13 to 0.12 + 0.2 mm. long. Prothoracic

tubercles moderately well developed; legs short, black and thick;

hind tibia 0.95 mm. long. First lateral abdominal tubercle well

developed, other less developed; reticulations cover part of the

abdomen; darkened lateral areas present on sides back of thorax;

cornicles black, cylindical to somewhat tapered before moderate

flange, 0.22 to 0.25 mm. long; cauda black.

Alate vivipara. Color black, size 1.2 to 1.3 mm. long; black

antennas inserted below margin of head; eyes with ocular tubercles

well developed; rostrum as in aptera; antennal III, 0.31 mm.

long with 15 to 21 rounded sensoria; IV, 0.17 mm. with 11 sensoria;

V, 0.14 mm. without secondary sensoria; VI, 0.08 + 0.14 mm.

long. Thorax with wing venation normal (or media sometimes

but one-branched) ; hind tibiae 0.76 mm. long. Abdomen with

dusky imbricated patches along sides and dusky patch behind

cornicles with imbrications somewhat setulose; cornicles black,

0.17 to 0.2 mm. long; cauda black.

Aphis cryptus Pack and Knowlton

Winged individuals were collected in Utah upon Guiterrezia

at Deweyville, September 13, 1927, and upon Chrysothamnus

nauseosus in Logan Canyon, October 4, 1929 (Knowlton).

Durocapillata utahensis Knowlton

Distorting tbe apical growth of Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus

near Park Valley and tbe Rosebud Ranch in Boxelder County,

Utah, on July 23, 1932; Lasal and Moab, July 26, 1932 (Knowl-

ton) .

Cinara zoarcbursara Knowlton, n. sp.

Collected by Dr. Vasco M. Tanner of the Brigham Young

Unversity, Provo, Utah, upon Abies concolor, in the Deep Creek

Mountains of Utah during June, 1928. This sparsely-haired

140

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XI, NO. 3

form has shorter and heavier legs than most species in the genus

Cinara.

Apterous vivipara. Size 3.52 mm. long and 2.93 mm. wide

across the abdomen. Head dusky, with prominent median suture;

vertex broadly rounded; ocular tubercles rudimentary or lacking;

rostrum reaching cornicles; hairs on vertex 0.03 to 0.04 mm. long,

sparse; antennae 1.42 mm. long, being blackish beyond middle of

III; antennal III, 0.57 mm. long, with one small distal sensorium;

IV, 0.16 with 1 sensorium; V, 0.27, with 1 secondary sensorium;

VI, 0.16 + 0.02 to 0.03 mm. long, the short unguis being nearly as

heavy as the base; hairs on antennae fine, relatively sparse, and

0.02 to 0.03 mm. long. Thorax with some irregular blackish

dorsal markings; legs short, stout, and clothed with fine hairs;

hind tibiae 1.5 mm. long, and 0.08 mm. thick at middle, hairs 0.03

mm. long; first joint of tarsi 0.05 long on shortest side and 0.14

mm. long at greatest length; distal segment 0.28 mm. long.

Abdomen broad, with blackish dorsal and lateral areas, larger

areas adjoining the cornicles and anterior to the cauda; abdominal

hairs sparse, about 0.03 to 0.05 mm. long; cornicles small, blackish,

on slightly raised bases 0.16 to 0.24 mm. across, which merge with

blackish adjoining areas; cauda and anal plate blackish.

Cinara zoarchursara resembles C. taxifolice (Swain), pseu-

dotsugce (Wilson) and splendens (G. and P.) in possessing

rather small cornicles mounted upon relatively flattened bases.

It differs markedly from these species in being armed with shorter

hairs, and differs in antennal segment ratios.

Type in the collection of the writer; paratypes in the collec-

tion of the Brigham Young University insect collection.

Cinara chamberlini Knowlton, n. sp.

Material received from Professor W. J. Chamberlin of the

Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station on February 18, 1931.

One collection had been made upon white pine, Pinus monti-

cola, at Union Creek Ranger Station, Jackson County, Oregon,

August 6, 1930, the type locality. The other collection was made

at Chico, Kitsop County, Washington, May 6, 1930. Reported

as damaging sugar pine and white pine.

Apterous vivipara. Large, 5.6 to 6.3 mm. long and 3 to 3.2 mm.

wide across the abdomen. Head with median suture; ocular

tubercles present or absent; rostrum reaching to or beyond middle

of abdomen; antennae dusky beyond middle of III and armed with

rather fine hairs; antennal III, 1.1 to 1.42 mm. long, with 6 to 7

July, 1935]

KNOWLTON— WESTERN APHIDS

141

sensoria; IV, 0.54 mm. with 2 to 4 sensoria; V, 0.61 mm. with 1 sec-

ondary sensorium; VI, 0.18 + 0.05 to 0.21 + 0.06 mm. long. Hind

Fig. 1. Macrosiphum sporadicum n. sp. A, antennal III of

alate; B, cauda of apterous; C, head of alate; D, cauda of alate;

E, cornicle of alate ; F, cornicle of stem mother ; G, abdominal hairs

of apterous; H, anal plate of apterous; 7, cornicle of apterous; J,

proximal portion of hind tibia of oviparous; K, cornicle of ovi-

parous. Aphis nigragregalis n. sp. L, antenna of apterous; M,

cornicles of apterous; N, apical portion of rostrum, apterous; 0,

cauda of apterous; P, antenna of alate; Q, hind tibia of oviparous.

Aphis zonassa n. sp. R, antenna of alate; S, antenna of apterous;

T, cauda of apterous; U, cauda of alate; V, head and prothorax

of apterous; W, cornicle of alate; X, cornicle of apterous.

Fig. 2. Cinara chamberlini n. sp. A, head and antenna of

apterous; B, distal end of rostrum, apterous; C, section of hind

tibia of apterous; D, cornicle of apterous; E, antenna of alate.

142

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XI, NO. 3

tibia curved, 6 to 6.1 mm. long; hairs rather numerous and not equal

in length to thickness of middle of hind tibia. Cornicles blackish,

0.52 mm. in diameter at the base, with numerous hairs; hairs on

dorusm of abdomen 0.07 to 0.1 mm. long, fine.

Alate vivipara. Body large, 4.6 mm. long and 1.75 mm. wide:

Head broad, dusky, with prominent median suture ; ocular tubercles

present; antennal III, 1.1 mm. long with 14 to 16 conspicuously

tuberculate sensoria; IV, is 0.48 mm. with 3 sensoria; V, 0.6 mm.

with 1 secondary sensorium; VI, 0.2 + 0.06 mm. long; antennal

hairs 0.09 to 0.1 mm. long, less than twice the thickness of an-

tennal segments. Wings large, evanescent media twice-branched;

hind tibia 5.4 mm. long, numerous hairs subequal to thickness of

the segment; first joint of hind tarsi 0.1 mm. on dorsal and 0.17

mm. on ventral margin; second joint 0.3 mm. long. Cornicles

dusky, conspicuously rising from a conical base 0.42 mm. wide.

Cinara chamherlini runs to edulis (Wilson) in Gillette and

Palmer’s key (Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 24: 844), from which it

differs in being almost twice as large, and in having more sec-

ondary sensorio on III of both alate and apterous forms.

Cinara ponderos;e (Williams)

Collected upon yellow pine, Pinus ponderosa, Corvallis, Ore-

gon, October, 1931. Also collected upon white pine (Cham-

berlin) .

Anoecia querci (Fitch)

Four winged females were taken upon one small twig of

Chrysothamnus nauseosus in Brigham Canyon, Utah, October 5,

1929; probably accidental (Knowlton).

PSEUDOGAURAX SIGNATUS Lw.

This litle fly, which reminds one of a Drosophila, prevents

to a small degree the unrestricted multiplication of the Black

Widow Spider. Mr. W. B. Cartwright, of the U. S. Bureau of

Entomology and Plant Quarantine, collecting egg sacks of this

spider during July, 1934, that contained puparia of this fly.

Apparently all the eggs in these sacks had been destroyed. Dr.

C. E. Greene of the U. S. Bureau, determined the species. — H. H.

Keifer, California State Department Agriculture.

July, 1935]

WYMORE— A NEW PLATYPEDIA

143

A NEW SPECIES OF PLATYPEDIA (CICADID^)

BY F. H, WYMORE

Berkeley, California

Platypedia sierra Wymore, new species

Small, slender, dull black, marked with tawny oliveS clothed

with fine silvery appressed pubescence above, longer and more

erect on sternum. Head broader than front margin of pronotum;

front moderately produced, sulcus interrupted at the seventh or

eighth transverse ridge; base of rostrum, basal segment and tip

of antennse, and edge of supra-antennal plates, tawny olive. Thorax

with posterior margin of segments and median groove of pro-

notum tawny olive. Basal membrane of both pairs of wings nearly

white; costal margin of forewings tawny olive to end of radial

cell; other veins darker, the veins surrounding basal cell, apical

areas of both pairs of wings and the second anal vein of the fore-

wings black; dark color extending about half way to base on the

third longitudinal vein of the hind wings. Femora and tibiae of

fore legs brown^ the middle and hind legs tawny olive marked

with black. Uncus black 2 mm. long, 0.5 mm. in width, emargi-

nate at apex, sides almost parallel when viewed from above, seen

in profile slightly arcuate; aedeagus tubulous, tapering distally

into two apical and three subapical lobes, two of which are lateral

and one median, the median lobe about one-third the length of the

lateral. Sternum black with long white hairs along lateral edges

of segments; last ventral segment rounded at apex. Valve of

male 4 mm. long. Length 19 mm., breadth 5.5 mm. across eyes.

Expanse of fore wing 42 mm., width 7.5 mm.

Holotype, male (No. 4104, Calif. Acad. Sci., Ent.), allotype

female (No. 4105, Calif. Acad. Sci., Ent.) and numerous desig-

nated paratypes from a series of specimens, thirty-eight in my

own collection and twenty-six, taken by Dr. E. C. Van Dyke, in

the collection of the California Academy of Sciences. All the

specimens were taken in the vicinity of the Sequoia National

Park, California, mostly in April and May, 1929.

In color and general shape of the body this species some-

what resembles P. aperta Van Duzee, although it is generally

larger and the markings are paler, while the uncus seems rather

distinctive. The aediagus more closely resembles that of P.

vunduzeei Davis. The individual specimens examined vary con-

siderably in size, some of the smaller ones being only 16 mm.

^ Tawny olive, Ridgway. PL XXIX, ser. i,

* Between Liver Brown and Carob Brown, Ridgway, PI. XIV.

144

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XI, NO. 3

long and 4.5 mm. across eyes, with a wing expanse of about 37

mm, and 6 mm. in width of wing. The basal membrane of

the wings of some is about the same color as the body markings.

NOTES ON TWO LOCAL BUTTERFLIES

BY M. DOUDOROFF

Stanford University, California

Euphydryas baroni H. Edw. There has been a good deal of

confusion with regard to this species. J. D. Gunder (Pan-Pac.

Ent. July, 1929) placed it as a “race” of E. editha Bdv. due to

the resemblance of the male genitalia of the two. E. baroni

flies from Sonoma Co. northward; editha from the same south-

ward.

Near Calistoga, both insects are found in the same locality.

Each retains its individuality, there being apparently no inter-

breeding, and E. editha flying nearly a month before E. baroni.

Genitalic studies to the contrary, then, we must assume the two

to be fully distinct and autonomous species, since, by definition,

two sub-species can not co-exist in the same territory. Unfor-

tunately, this opens to criticism any classification based on geni-

talic studies alone. ‘Tr. /^” sternitzkeyi Gun. is an aberration

of E. editha and not of E. baroni, as described.

Plebejus pheres Bdv. This species has been confused by

many collectors with several subspecies (?) of P. icaroides Bdv.

Hence, records of its occurrence in Idaho, Utah, Colorado, Van-

couver Isd., etc. P. pheres is apparently limited to a small area,

almost entirely within the city of San Francisco. Up until 1926,

it was very common at 14th Ave. and Taraval St. in April. Then,

coincident with construction in that area, it disappeared from

the locality completely. In 1930 I rediscovered it on the sand

dunes west of 20th Ave. It does not begin flying until about

June 1. Unless a new locality is soon found, the species is prob-

ably doomed to complete extinction.

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Vol. XI

October, 1935

No. 4

THE

Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Published by the

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in co-operation with

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CONTENTS

BENJAMIN, NOTES ON THE LEPUSCULINA—

LEPORINA SERIES OF APATELA 145

ESSIG, CALIFORNIA APHIDID^, NEW CLOUDY- WINGED SPECIES.... 156

BAILEY, A LIST OF THE THYSANOPTERA OP CALIFORNIA 163

MOULTON, NEW CALIFORNIA THYSANOPTERA 170

FLANDERS, HOST INFLUENCE ON THE PROLIFICACY

AND SIZE OF TRICHOGRAMMA 175

MICHENER, BEES FROM COASTAL NORTHERN CALIFORNIA 178

PROCEEDINGS OF THE PACIFIC COAST ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 185

HOVANITZ, NOTES ON SOME CALIFORNIA BUTTERFLIES 190

San Francisco, California

1935

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

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Entered as second-class matter, February 10, 1925, at the postoffice at

San Francisco, California, under Act of August 24, 1912.

The Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Vol. XI, No. 4 October, 1935

NOTES ON THE LEPUSCULINA-LEPORINA SERIES

OF APATELA

(Lepid., Phalaenidse, Apatelinae*)

BY FOSTER H. BENJAMIN

Bureau of Entomology, United States Department of Agriculture,

Washington, D. C.

The notes in this paper are the result of identifications of

specimens submitted from various sources.

The assistance of Messrs. K. Wyatt and Emil Beer is grate-

fully acknowledged. Both of these entomologists kindly donated

aberrant specimens forming natural connecting links between

several forms previously considered valid species, and the latter

worker very kindly gave the author a series of specimens reared

from a single caught female, as discussed in the text.

The problem was complicated by the type series of four of

the names representing mixtures of species or varieties. Eleven

specific names have been placed as synonyms, three names have

been reduced to the status of mere colorational or maculational

forms, five names have been reduced to subspecific rank, a Euro-

pean species has been eliminated from the North American fauna

except as represented by indigenous subspecies with the conse-

quent elevation to subspecific status of a name usually considered

a synonym, and a single new subspecific name has been erected

to rectify previous errors.

Apatela lepusculina Gn.

1852. Guenee, Spec. Gen., I, 46, Acronycta.

1922. McDunnough, Can. Ent., LIV, 138-139, Acronycta.

populi Riley.

1870. Riley, 2nd Rept. Ins. Mo., p. 119, tf. 87-88, Acronycta.

cretata Sm. (partim. male nec female) .

1897. Smith, Ent. News, VIII, 148, Acronycta.

1898. Smith & Dyar, Proc. U. S. N. M., XXI, 58, pi. XI, f. 3 (nec

f. 4) ; pi. XVII, f. 15; pi. XIX, f. 18, Acronycta.

Cinderella Sm. (partim, male nec female).

♦Noctuidse, Acronyctinae of authors.

X46 the pan-pacific entomologist [vOL. XI, NO. 4

1897. Smith, Ent. News, VIII, 149, Acronycta.

1898. Smith & Dyar, Proc. U. S. N. M., XXI, 64, pi. XI, f. 11,

Acronycta.

chionochroa Hamps.

1909. Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal. B.. M., VIII, 136, pi. CXXVI,

f. 13, Acronycta.

form transversata Sm.

1897. Smith, Ent. News, VIII, 149, Acronycta.

1898. Smith & Dyar, Proc. U. S. N. M., XXI, 65, pi. X, f. 10,

Acronycta.

tcinderella Sm. (partim. female nec male).

1897. Smith, Ent. News, VIII, 149, Acronycta.

1898. Smith & Dyar, Proc. U. S. N. M., XXI, 64, Acronycta.

form canadensis Smith & Dyar.

1898. Smith & Dyar, Proc. U. S. N. M., XXI, 57, insita var.,

(an sp. dist.?), Acronycta.

1904. Dod, Can. Ent., XXXVI, 353, Acronycta.

form similana Sm.

1905. Smith, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., XIII, 190, Acronycta.

tonitra Sm.

1908. Smith, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., XVI, 83, Acronycta.

subspecies felina Grt. (partim. male nec female).

1879. Grote, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv., V, 208, Apatela.

1909. Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M., VIII, 128, pi. CXXVI,

f. 3, Acronycta.

1911. Smith, Ent. News, XXII, 311, Acronycta.

%lepusculina Auct.

1888. Hy. Edwards, Ent. Am., Ill, 185, Apatela.

frigida Sm. (partim. male and female types, nec “co-

types”)-

1897. Smith, Ent. News, VIII, 148, Acronycta.

1898. Smith & Dyar, Proc. U. S. N. M., XXI, 54, pi. XI, ff. 6 &

10, Acronycta.

1916. Barnes & McDunnough, Contrib. Nat. Hist. Lep. N. Am.,

Ill, (3), 165, pi. XIII, ff. 1-2, Acronycta.

pacifica Sm.

1897. Smith, Ent. News, VIII, 148, Acronycta.

1898. Smith & Dyar, Proc. U. S. N. M., XXI, 56, pi. XI, f. 5,

Acronycta.

subspecies cyanescens Hamps.

1909. Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M., VIII, 129, pi. XXVI, f. 5,

Acronycta.

1911. Smith, Ent. News, XXII, 311, Acronycta.

% felina Grt. (partim. female nec male).

1879. Grote, Bull, U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv., V, 208, Apatela.

1888. Hy. Edwards, Ent. Am., Ill, 185, Apatela

1897. Smith, Ent. News, VIII, 148, Acronycta.

OCT., 1935]

BENJAMIN— APA TELA

147

1898.

1904.

1916.

1897.

1898.

1911.

1916.

1911.

1912.

1916.

1911.

1916.

1911.

1916.

Smith & Dyar, Proc. U. S. N. M., XXI, 53, pi. XI, f. 9,

Acronycta.

Dyar, Proc. U. S. N. M., XXVII, 798-799, Apatela.

Barnes & McDunnough, Contrib. Nat. Hist. Lep. N. Am.,

Ill, (3), 165-166, felina, Acronycta.

Xfrigida Sm. (partim. “cotypes,” nec types male and fe-

male) .

Smith, Ent. News, VIII, 148, Acronycta.

Smith & Dyar, Proc. U. S. N. M., XXI, 54, Acronycta.

Smith, Ent. News, XXI, 311, Acronycta.

Barnes & McDunnough, Contrib. Nat. Hist. Lep. N. Am.,

Ill, (3), 165-166, felina, Arconycta.

metra Sm.

Smith, Ent. News, XXII, 311, Acronycta.

Barnes & McDunnough, Contrib. Nat. Hist. Lep. N. Am.,

I, (4), 39, pi. XVIII, if. 1-2, Acronycta.

Barnes & McDunnough, Contrib. Nat. Hist. Lep. N. Am.,

Ill, (3), 166, felina local form, Acronycta.

turpis Sm.

Smith, Ent. News, XXII, 311, Acronycta.

Barnes & McDunnough, Contrib. Nat. Hist. Lep. N. Am.,

Ill, (3), 166, felina local form, Acronycta.

amicora Sm.

Smith, Ent. News, XXII, 312, Acronycta.

Barnes & McDunnough, Contrib. Nat. Hist. Lep. N. Am.,

Ill, (3), 166, felina local form, Acronycta.

The names populi and chionochroa have already been sunk

to lepusculina by Dr. McDunnough'. The type of populi is in

the National Museum. The name chionochroa is a nomen novem

based on the lepusculina of the Smith and Dyar paper, so that the

Smith specimens in the National Museum may be considered

types.

McDunnough, however, goes further and considers cana-

densis as a dark western race; Cinderella, with transversata as a

probable synonym, as the name for the Colorado form, and

comments on a white form“ likely to be confused with cretata,

which he treats as a race of leporina; the other forms discussed

herein being omitted save for a casual reference to frigida.

In reality the male type of cretata is an extremely pale

Colorado specimen of lepusculina. As Smith definitely split

cretata from leporina on the basis of the genitalia and tarsi of

1 The Barnes material contains a photograph of the type of lepuscvlina

(Paris Museum) from M. Le Cerf through the kindness of Dr. McDunnough.

2 1922. Can. Ent., LIV, 138-139.

148

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XI, NO. 4

this male type, there seems nothing to do but to consider this

specimen as the real type. Accordingly it is hereby designated

the lectotype. Similar pale specimens are in the Museum col-

lection from Aweme and Miniota, Manitoba; from Colorado;

from Illinois; and from Pennsylvania. In view of the distribu-

tion, a separate name for these somewhat paler individuals seems

of no significance.

The name Cinderella is based on Colorado examples of

lepusculina. Specimen for specimen these can be matched with

normal eastern material, and the name seems to have no racial

significance. The male type, hereby designated the lectotype,

is a normal specimen. The female type shows the median shade

of transversata well developed, and falls into that form.

The name transversata is based upon Colorado examples pos-

sessing a median shade. The form is more common in Colo-

rado than in the East, but as the majority of Colorado speci-

mens fall to lepusculina {cinderella) , and as a specimen from

New Brighton, Pa., is a good match for the types (male and

female) of transversata, the name seems to have no significance

except possibly as a minor maculational form.

The name canadensis is applicable to the powdery gray form,

which is apparently more common in Alberta than elsewhere,

but is duplicated by Illinois individuals and closely approxi-

mated by a specimen from Clearfield, Pa. In reality the form

is simply an intermediate to the melanistic similana.

The names similana and tonitra are based on melanistic speci-

mens, the latter name having little or no significance. All speci-

mens seen by the author are from the region including Chicago,

111., and St. Louis, Mo.

Through the kindness of Messrs E. Beer and K. Wyatt, the

author was given a series of thirteen specimens of lepusculina

forms bred by Mr. Beer from a single female similana. Eight

specimens of this series are similana {tonitra), one specimen

is canadensis, and the other four are intergrades between cana-

densis and lepusculina, superficially somewhat similar to west-

ern felina {frigida= pad flea) in appearance.

Grote described felina from a male in his own collection

and a female loaned to him by Henry Edwards, citing the dif-

ference between the two types which is the difference between

OCT., 1935]

BENJAMIN— APATELA

149

the subspecies subsequently described as frigida {pacifica) and

cyanescens. Hampson’s figure (1909) agrees perfectly with

Grote’s description of the male type {= frigida) ; but not with

the female type, in the Henry Edwards Collection'’, nor with

the so-called type (presumably spurious) in the Tepper Col-

lection\ The female type is the dull powdery gray form with

indistinct lines figured by Barnes and McDunnough (1916).

Hampson (1909) had not isolated any specimens under the

names frigida or pacifica for the reason that he already h,ad the

name felina available. He recognized that felina (male type)

was different from the dull gray form, and described the latter

under the name cyanescens. Smith (1911) concurs with Hamp-

son’s action. To avoid further confusion the male type of felina

in the British Museum is hereby designated the lectotype for

the name.

The name frigida presents a rather complicated problem. The

name is a misnomer as applied to the male and female types

(from Alameda Co., Calif.; in the National Museum). Never-

theless these are the actual type specimens and must hold the

name. Besides these types. Smith (1897) obviously had speci-

mens of cyanescens {felina female nec male) included in his

concept, hence the name frigida. Two of Smith’s “cotypes” of

frigida (1897) are in the material received with the Barnes

Collection, are labeled Victoria, Vancouver, and are normal

cyanescens. These were not included by Smith and Dyar (1898)

under the name frigida, but the frigida of the latter date was

also mixed with cyanescens according to Barnes and McDun-

nough (1916), and as shown by Smith under his description

of metra (1911), the Rutgers College “cotype” of frigida being

cyanescens.

The male type of pacifica (Henry Edwards Collection) is

stated by Barnes and McDunnough (1916) to be identical with

the National Museum types of frigida. The female type of pa-

cifica is in the National Museum. It is the same form as the

type of frigida. To avoid any chance of confusion this female

type is hereby designated the lectotype for the name pacifica.

A long series of felina {frigida= pacifica) is before the au-

® A specimen compared by J. McDunnough and a second specimen compared

by Wm. Barnes are in the U. S. National Museum Collection,

* A specimen compared by J. McDunnough is in the U. S. National Museum

Collection.

150

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XI, NO. 4

thor from Mission San Jose and Irvington, Alameda Co., and

from Eldridge, Sonoma Co., Calif., and no specimens have been

seen which have definitely been labeled as originating in any

other California locality. Individuals of this subspecies can

easily be confused with individuals of lepusculina. No single

character seems to be available for sorting. Nevertheless, the

series as a unit appears relatively compact, the specimens being

dull powdery gray and closely resembling aberrant lepusculina

intermediate to form canadensis, but averaging somewhat smaller

in size, with the transverse posterior line usually not quite so

heavily marked, and the transverse anterior line with more of

a tendency toward obsolescence. The frons seems very slightly

more bulged on an average. The harpe is often somewhat shorter

and broader, the clasper somewhat more twisted. But each of

the above characters has been matched in some specimen of

eastern lepusculina. The larvae, according to two inflated speci-

mens bearing the same Riley rearing number as the male and

female types of frigida, are similar to those of cyanescens, dif-

fering from eastern lepusculina in the reduced length of the

dorsal black hair pencils. These shorter black hairs are definitely

tapered at the tips, and the shorter length is not the result of

breakage. The subspecies, therefore, occupies the status of an

existing intermediate between lepusculina and cyanescens.

With the names felina, frigida, and pacifica restricted to the

subspecies of lepusculina which occurs in the vicinity of San

Francisco, the name cyanescens becomes the first available name

for the subspecies from the higher altitudes {felina female nec

male; frigida cotypes nec types). The type male of metra was

described from a Barnes Collection specimen, and accordingly

was returned, as was the unique type female of amicora which

obviously by its label was also loaned to Smith by Barnes. A

specimen compared by Dr. Barnes with the unique type of

turpis (Rutgers College) is before the author. The differences

between the types are so obsolescent that one is constrained to

wonder just why so many names were created. The slight dif-

ferences which do exist between the Smith (I9II) types are

shown by a series from various localities to be individual varia-

tion caused by a few more or a few less black scales.

Upon casual examination cyanescens appears to be spe-

OCT., 1935]

BENJAMIN— APATELA

151

cifically distinct from lepusculina. The Irons seem very slightly

more bulged, the vestiture of the thorax with the scales somewhat

narrower and more hairlike, in this latter character tending

slightly toward leporina. The fore wing usually appears to

be a little stronger and a little more pointed than in normal

lepusculina. Nevertheless no character which appears to have

any specific significance could be found in the genitalia. These

organs in cyanescens tend to have the harpes somewhat shorter

and wider, as an average, than the harpes of lepusculina.) and

the claspers tending to be somewhat more crooked. These char-

acters are shown to be of little significance in a series of thirteen

slides of lepusculina as contrasted with four slides of cyanes-

cens and three slides of felina. The other structures of the male

genitalia appear to be identical in the three subspecies, except

the vinculum, which shows slight individual variation not re-

stricted to any locality or form. The genitalic characters cited

in the Smith and Dyar revision (1898) are based on slides which

are before the author. These slides consist only of fragments

of the genitalia, the harpes and claspers often broken or dis-

torted, the fragments in all manner of positions. The differences

illustrated in this revision between the so-called species herein

included under lepusculina are largely a combination resultant

of individual variation, differences in position of the correspond-

ing parts on the respective slides, and distortion of the frag-

ments.

The larva of cyanescens has been described by Dyar (1904)

under the name felina^ and a series of these same specimens are

in the National Museum. Just how much the hair is curved

like that of leporina (see Dyar, 1916) the author is unable to

state. Only a single inflated larva shows any curvature to the

hair, and that looks like the result of inflation. On the other

hand possibly the hairs have straightened out owing to inflation

of the larval skins. The dorsal black tufts are short, similar

to those of felina {frigida=pacifica) , subequal to the normal

hair^

® Mr. Carl Heinrich has carefully studied the larvae of lepuscvlina and

cyanescens, and states that he cannot find any character to separate these except

the shortened hair pencils of the latter. He could observe no diiferences in the

setae of the heads. Recently Mr. S. E, Crumb studied the same specimens of

larvae and was unable to find other differences.

The larva; of all three subspecies presumably feed on the willow-poplar

group of plants. The author has reared lepuscvlina on poplar; the jelina and

cyanescens larvae in the Museum Collection are from willow.

152

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XI, NO. 4

Were it not for felina (frigida) the author might be inclined

to consider cyanescens to be a valid species, with genitalia similar

to those of lepusculina, and the larvae differing mainly by the

shortening of the black dorsal hair pencils. However with

felina [frigida) having a larva like that of cyanescens^ but so

similar to aberrant lepusculina that no single character will

serve to separate the adults, a single species is indicated.

Apatela leporina L.

1758. Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., Ed. X, p. 510, No. 79, Phalena Noctua.

subspecies vulpina Grt.

1883. Grote, Can. Ent., XV, 8, Apatela.

1904. Dyar, Proc. U. S. N. M., XXVII, 799, leporina race, Apatela.

sancta Hy. Edw.

1888. Hy. Edwards, Ent. Amer., Ill, 185, populi var., Apatela.

subspecies cretatoides Benj.

cretata Sm. (female nec male).

1897. Smith, Ent. News, VIII, 148, Acronycta.

1898. Smith & Dyar, Proc. U. S. N. M., XXI, 58, pi. XI, f. 4,

(nec pi. XI, f. 3; pi. XVII, f. 15; pi. XIX, f. 18), Acronycta.

1904. Dod, Can. Ent., XXXVI, 353, Acronycta.

1904. Dyar, Proc. U. S. N. M., XXVII, 799, leporina race, Apatela.

1922. McDunnough, Can. Ent., LIV, 139, Acronycta.

subspecies moesta Dyar.

1904. Dyar, Can. Ent., XXXVI, 29, leporina var., Apatela.

1904. Dyar, Proc. U. S. N. M., XXVII, 799, leporina race, Apatela.

subspecies cassinoi B. & Benj.

1926. Barnes & Benjamin, Can. Ent., LVIII, 309, [leporina race?),

Apatela.

A. leporina is closely allied to lepusculina.

The last-stage larva of leporina lacks the black dorsal hair

pencils of lepusculina. All larvae of leporina seen by the author

have pale heads which may be more or less heavily marked

with dark brown or black, especially latero-cephalically and

ventrally. All larvae of lepusculina and any of its varieties seen

by the author have black heads except for one of the two larvae

of felina [frigida), which has a dark rufous brown head®.

Typically the larva of leporina tends to have the hair arranged

in a whorl, while typically the hair is straighter in lepusculina

(eastern specimens). Dyar, 1904, under the name felina, has

® Possibly inflated shoartly after molting.

OCT., 1935]

BENJAMIN— APATBLA

153

described the larva of cyanescens as having the hair arranged

as in leporina.

The main superficial difference between adults of the two

species is the more hairy thorax of leporina as contrasted with

that of lepuscalina, although each species has a characteristic

habitus which is practically impossible to describe.

The genitalia of both species are very similar. The harpes

and claspers of leporina^ as in lepusculina, are individually

variable in their exact shapes, both species closely approximat-

ing one another. The unci of both are variable individually

in regard to exact width; but the uncus of leporina is only

bulged distally, the mesial edge of the long hooked portion being

slightly excurved; whereas the uncus of lepusculina is bulged

both distally and mesially. The ridged plate of the aedoeagus

of leporina is approximately half as long as the aedoeagus;

whereas this plate in lepusculina is shorter and narrower, being

slightly more than one-thjrd the length of the aedoeagus. These

differentiating characters appear quite constant in twenty slides

of lepusculina representing not only typical lepusculina, but

the various color forms, and the subspecies felina and cyanescens’,

and in six slides of leporina representing not only typical

leporina but the subspecies vulpina, cretatoides, moesta, and

cassinoi. The female genitalia are quite similar in the two

species. A slight difference exists in the exact shape of the

collars of the eighth segment, lepusculina having the mesio-

cephalic prolongations of this segment broader at their base

than the same structures of leporina. The terminal segment of

lepusculina is somewhat larger than that of leporina. These

characters are solely of degree, and at least some variation is

to be anticipated.

In North America leporina has a much more restricted dis-

tribution than lepusculina, being found in New York and New

England, through Canada from Nova Scotia to Vancouver,

extending southward in the mountains of Colorado and New

Mexico. It is much less common than lepusculina, less subject

to individual variation, but more productive of local and well

marked racial forms.

^ See notes under the heading lepusculina.

154

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[vOL. XI, NO. 4

The name vulpina is retained for the race of leporina found

in the northeastern part of the United States and southeastern

Canada. Specimens before the author are labeled N. Y., Mass.,

N. Hamp., and Nova Scotia.

Superficially in the male this race closely approaches the

European leporina with a tendency for females to possess mark-

ings similar to those of cretatoides {cretata Sm. female nec

male) , as exemplified by a New York female identified “cretata’

by Smith. The spines on the penis of all of the North Ameri-

can forms are not quite so long as those found in the single

European male which was available for study.

The name cretatoides is applied to the Colorado race®. The

female has been figured by Smith and Dyar (1898). The male

is entirely similar to the female, differing markedly from vulpina

by the black powderings, the emphasized maculation, and aver-

aging considerably larger in size.

Two specimens from Ontario, six specimens from Manitoba,

and one specimen from Vancouver seem to represent intermedi-

ates, connecting vulpina, cretatoides, and mcesta.

The name mcesta represents a darker powdery gray race from

Kaslo, B. C. Dyar overemphasized the dark powdering in his

original description by citing mcesta as being the color of cana-

densis. The type series is not much more heavily powdered

with black than many normal specimens of eastern lepusculina,

the black powdering being about as in A. dactylina Grote but

with no brown tintings.

The name cassinoi is known to the author only by the unique

male type. The maculation is more intensified than in the best

marked specimens of cretatoides', the reniform elongated, prac-

tically joining the black spot on the costa; the basal dash not

broken mesad of the transverse anterior line; the transverse

posterior line distally strongly marked with black; heavy black

powderings distal of this line and in the region below the cell;

with a well marked tornal dash and with a heavy black line

along the inner margin from the region of the transverse anterior

line to the transverse posterior. Thus the form has gone beyond

cretatoides in contrasts but is in part as heavily black powdered

as the darkest mcesta.

® See notes under lepusculina.

OCT., 1935]

BENJAMIN— APATELA

155

The genitalia of the type differ from all other leporina forms

by having the ventral edge of the harpe nearly straight, form-

ing with the dorsal edge the acute sides of a right-angled tri-

angle. The character is probably purely individual, but is

cited because it exists, and will demonstrate the variation in

leporina which usually possess a rather lobate harpe.

Apatela leporina cretatoides, Benjamin, new subsp.

The characters have been cited in preceding paragraphs.

Expanse: Male, 43-45 mm.; female, 50-51 mm.

Type localities and number and sex of types: Holotype

male, Glenwood Springs, Colo., July 24-30; allotype female,

id., July 16-23 (“cotype” of ^^cretatd’’) ; three male paratypes,

id., July 16-23, Aug. 16-23, and no date; one female paratype,

Garfield Co., Colo., 7,000 ft., (Bruce) (“Type female” of “cre-

tata^^) . Cat. No. 44328, U. S. N. M.

Notes on Ambrysus mormon Montd.

(Hemiptera, Naucordise)

Although the members of the genus Ambrysus are naucorids

usually associated with rapidly flowing streams, a very inter-

esting species has been observed for the last two years in the

waters of Clear Lake, Lake County, California. In this large

inland lake the waters are not fast flowing and the adaptation

of this insect to such waters is very interesting.

Toward the latter part of June nymphs and adults were col-

lected among the lake weeds or more commonly by turning over

rocks, whereupon they would dart quickly to the surface and

then down again. They were found associated with several be-

lostomids, dytiscids, numerous insect larvae, a common amphipod,

probably Hyalella knickerbockeri, a fresh water snail and a

leech.

The species has been tentatively determined by Mr. R. L.

Usinger as a variety of Ambrysus mormon Montd., to which

it is closely related, but differs conspicuously by its uniform

smaller size. — W. Harry Lange, Jr.

156

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yOL. XI, NO. 4

CALIFORNIA APHIDID^

NEW CLOUDY-VEINED SPECIES

BY E. O. ESSIG

The generic position of certain cloudy- veined aphids, of

which the familiar violet-infesting species described as Rhopa-

losiphum violcB by Pergande (1900) is an example, has been

somewhat uncertain up to the present time. The recent dis-

covery of two new species has necessitated an attempt to clear

up the problem. Pergande’s species has at various times been

relegated to the genera Neotoxoptera (Theobald, 1915; Baker,

1920), Fullawayella (Baker, 1919), and Idiopterus (Hottes and

Frison, 1931). The genus Rhopalosiphum lacks the prominent

antennal tubercles. The genus Fullawayella was erected by Del

Guercio (1911) for Macrosiphum kirkaldyi Fullaway (1910).

In view of the fact that this species proved to be a synonym of

Idiopterus nephrolepidis Davis (1909), which is monotypic,

Fullawayella has no standing and must be discarded, which elimi-

nates it from further consideration. Likewise Neotoxoptera,

erected by Theobald (1915) for an aberrant form of what has

proved to be the species described on violet by Pergande, must

be discarded because it did not adequately characterize the

species. Based as it was upon an unusual specimen in which

the media vein of the fore wing had but a single branch, thus

simulating Toxoptera, it cannot now be used for species in which

this vein has two branches and must therefore be eliminated.

This brings us to the genus Micromyzus van der Goot (1917)

of which M. nigrum van der Goot is the type species. A study

of the description and illustrations of this genus and species

indicates that the species considered in this paper should be

placed in Micromyzus. This genus is briefly characterized by

having well-developed antennal tubercles, normal aphis-type wing

venation, cloudy wing veins, rather long cornicles, which are

swollen posteriorly and have distinct flanged openings, and a

subcylindrical cauda somewhat constricted beyond the base.

Named species which should fall in the genus are Micromyzus

nigrum van der Goot and M. violce Pergande (Fig. 1). To these

should be added the new ones described in this paper.

OCT., 1935]

ESSIG— APHIDID^

157

Fig. 1. The violet aphid, Micromyzus violse (Pergande).

The Onion Aphid

Micromyzus alliumcepa, Essig, n. sp.

Apterous viviparous female. Medium-sized, somewhat robust

and often broad and depressed dorsally. Color varying from deep

magenta-red to almost black, the surface highly polished and

shining. The antennal segments I, II, the apical portion of V, and

all of VI, all of the femora, excepting the bases, the apices of the

tibise, and the tarsi, are dusky or black. Length of body, of the

larger specimens, 2.1 mm., width 1.2 mm. Antennee arising from

rather prominent frontal tubercles which are particularly notice-

able in this form. Length of the segments: I, 0.11 mm.; II, 0.07

158

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yOL. XI, NO. 4

mm.; Ill, 0.55 mm.; IV, 0.35 mm.; V, 0.30 mm.; VI, base 0.15 mm.,

ungruis 0.46 mm.; total 1.99 mm. Normal sensoria appear on

segments V and VI as illustrated. Rostrum acute, extending to

the second coxae. Cornicles paler than the body in living forms;

with wide base, constricted throughout the basal half, then

gradually swelling beyond the middle, and again receding to the

smallest diameter just before the flanged openings; length 0.35

mm., width 0.11 mm. Cauda narrowly conical in shape, with or

without a slight constriction, and with three pairs of rather long

incurved marginal hairs.

Alate viviparous female. Of average size and normal shape.

Color very dark red with the head, antennae, portions of the thorax,

the coxae, apices of the femora and tibiae, and the tarsi dusky or

black. Length 1.6 mm., width 0.7 mm. The inner margins of

the prominent frontal tubercles and antennal segment I are gib-

bous and somewhat serrated. Antennae longer than the body with

many secondary circular and subcircular sensoria distributed as

follows: III, 30-42; IV, 21-27 (rarely 5-10); V, 6-9 (usually 6);

and the usual ones on VI. Lengths of the segments : I, 0.10 mm. ;

II, 0.10 mm.; Ill, 0.60 mm.; IV, 0.45 mm.; V, 0.35 mm.; VI, base

0.17 mm.; unguis 0.60 mm.; total 2.37 mm. Wings with normal

aphis-type venation; veins all heavily clouded blackish. In the

fore wings the radial sector (Rs) is variable in length and the

amount of curvature, but it is usually semi-circular and closely

approaches the media (M) as shown in Fig. 2. The veins are

frequently modified in curious ways, which peculiarity appears

quite characteristic of aphids with cloudy veins and probably

accounts for the abnormality encountered by Theobald (1915) in

his Neotoxoptera violse. The cornicles and cauda are quite similar

in form to those in the apterae as shown in Fig. 2. The former

are 0.30 mm. long and the latter 0.15 mm.

This species is closely related to Micromyzus violce (Per-

gande) (Fig. 1) and M. oliveri Essig, n. sp. from which it is

distinguished by the characters shown in the key at the end.

Micromyzus alliumcepa Essig is a distinct and interesting

new species. It was first collected December 17, 1927, by the

writer on some dry onion sets purchased from a Los Angeles

seedsman for planting in the University of California green-

house at Berkeley, California. Only apterous forms were pres-

ent at that time and, although the infested onions were observed

throughout the growing period, the aphid completely disappeared

without reproduction. It was again observed by one of my

students, S. J. Oliver, in a small backyard garden in Oakland,

California, March 24, 1935, where leek plants were infested.

OCT., 1935]

ESSIG— APHIDID^

159

A number of alate and apterous females were collected at that

time, but a second visit some weeks later failed to find a single

surviving specimen. On April 1, 1935, the writer was fortunate

enough to discover a third infestation in a small garden in

Woodland, California, through the aid of W. D. Norton, Spe-

cialist in Agricultural Extension. Here the aphids fairly swarmed

over a few onion plants which had almost succumbed to their

attacks. These plants were grown from sets of unknown origin.

The owner of the garden stated that some leek plants had already

been killed in March and that chives were ruined by the same

aphid during the previous season. Although many inquiries have

been made concerning its distribution in California and in other

parts of the country, no further information has been received,

and its origin is still shrouded in obscurity.

The descriptions have been drawn from 163 specimens

Fig. 2. The onion aphid, Micromyzus alliumcepa Essig, n. sp.

160

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XI, NO. 4

mounted on 29 slides designated as cotypes in the author’s col-

lection, and a number are in the collections of S. J. Oliver and

other students.

The Cloudy- VEINED Marigold Aphid

Micromyzus oliveri, Essig, n. sp.

Apterous viviparous female. Rather more slender than the

onion aphid, dark reddish, appearing black, somewhat shining

or dull with portions of the antennae legs, and cornicles pale.

Length of body 1.90 mm., width 1.15 mm. Frontal tubercles

prominent, gibbous, and roughened. The antennae almost equal

the body in length; pale excepting the base of segment V and

all of I and VI, which are dusky. The usual permanent sensoria

occur on V and VI. Segment I is gibbous and the entire sur-

face roughened or serrated. Length of segments: I, 0.09 mm.;

II, 0.06 mm.; Ill, 0.45 mm.; IV, 0.34 mm.; V, 0.28 mm.; VI

base 0.14 mm., unguis 0.50 mm.; total 1.86 mm. Rostrum acute,

terminal segment distinct, extending just beyond the 3rd coxae.

Cornicles pale, tips dusky in living forms; with wide base, con-

stricted basally and swollen throughout the apical two-thirds;

narrowing at apex and with flanged openings; length 0.27 mm.

Cauda conical or somewhat triangular, slightly constricted just

beyond the middle, marginal hairs rather inconspicous; length

0.10 mm.

Alate viviparous female. Shining dark-red appearing black

in living forms; dark magenta in mounted specimens with black

markings on the head, antennae, thorax, legs, and abdomen.

Length of body 2.01 mm., width 0.80 mm. Frontal tubercles

prominent and gibbous. Antennae just about as long as the

body; dark throughout; segments I and II with roughened sur-

face; III with from 15 to 21 secondary sensoria arranged mostly

along the outer margin; IV occasionally with a single sen-

sorium; V and VI with normal permanent sensoria only; length

of segments: I, 0.10 mm.; II, 0.07 mm.; Ill, 0.50 mm.; IV,

0.36 mm.; V, 0.32 mm.; VI base, 0.15 mm. ; unguis, 0.51 mm.;

total, 2.01 mm. The dark markings on the dorsum and sides

of the abdomen are quite characteristic of this species and appear

distinctly in specimens cleared in KOH. The cornicles are similar

OCT., 1935]

ESSIG— APHIDID^

161

to those in the apterae, the swelling being most prominent along

the inner margins; length 0.26 mm. The cauda is much like

that of the apterse, length 0.11 mm.

This species was discovered by S. J. Oliver, for whom it is

named, on the underside of the lower and older leaves of the

common English, or pot marigold. Calendula officinalis Linn.,

growing in a small garden at Clovis, Fresno County, California,

March 30, 1935. It has not been observed elsewhere. Its

relation to Micromyzus alliumcepa Essig, n. sp. is shown in the

key to species at the end of the paper.

Described from a series of 130 individuals mounted on slides

and designated as cotypes in the author’s collection. Other

Fig. 3. The cloudy-veined marigold aphid, Micromyzus

Essig, n. sp.

oliveri

162

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[vOL. XI, NO. 4

specimens of the same lot are to be found in several of the stu-

dents’ collections including that of Mr. Oliver.

Key to California Species of Micromyzus

1. Antennal segment III with 15-21 subcircular and circular sen-

soria oliveri n. sp.

-. Antennal segment III with 30 or more (30-35) subcircular

and circular sensoria 2

2. Antennal segment IV with 8-12 and V with 1-2 subcircular

and circular sensoria violsR (Pergande)

... Antennal segment IV with 21-27 (rarely only 5-10) and V

with 4-9 (usually 6) subcircular and circular sensoria

alliumcepa n. sp.

References

Baker, A. C.

1919. Neotoxoptera violse Theo., and its allies. Bui. Ent.

Res., X(I) : 45-46. pi. I.

1920. Generic classification of the hemipterous family Aphi-

didee. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bui. 826:1-60 (Prof. Paper).

Davis, J. J.

1909. Two new genera and species of Aphididae. Ann. Ent.

Soc. Am., 2:199-200, pi. 27.

Del Guercio, G.

1911. Note afidologiche Intorno a due generi di afididi ameri-

cani. Redia, 7:462-464.

Essig, E. 0.

1909. Aphididae of Southern California. I. Rhopalosiphum

violas n. sp. Pomona Jour. Ent., 1:4-8, figs. 3, 4, 5,

p. 47.

Fullaway, D. T.

1910. Synopsis of Hawaiian Aphidae. Hawaii Agr. Exp. Sta.,

Ann. Rept., 1909:22-25.

Pergande, Theo.

1900. A new species of plant-louse injurious to violets. Can.

Ent., 32:29-30.

Theobald, F. V.

1915. African Aphididae. Part II. Bui. Ent. Res., 6 (II) :

131-132, fig. 23.

Van Der Goot, P.

1917. Zur kenntniss der Blattlause Java’s. Contribution a la

Fauna des Indes Neerlandaises. l(3):52-56.

OCT., 1935]

BAILEY— THYSANOPTERA

163

A LIST OF THE THYSANOPTERA OF CALIFORNIA

BY STANLEY F. BAILEY

University of California

The members of the order Thysanoptera of economic im-

potance have received in recent years an increasing amount of

attention, and deservedly so. Hinds, Hood, Moulton, Steinweden,

Watson, and others have made many and valuable contributions

to the taxonomy of the thrips of North America. But, as a group,

the thrips of California have received little notice.

In 1902, Hinds listed four species of Thysanoptera from

California. Miss Daniel in 1904 added four more, Moulton

recorded a total number of 25 species in 1907 and 45 in 1911.

Watson, as late as 1923, cataloged only 54 species from this

state. We are now able to total 107 species as having been

taken in this important agricultural area.

This list has been compiled from published records, the

files of the State Department of Agriculture, from suggestions

by Mr. Dudley Moulton and Mr. J. B. Steinweden, and collec-

tions made by the author. Doubtless further collecting and

study of the thrips in California will add materially to this rec-

ord which it is hoped will establish a basis! for later work

The taxonomic validity of Aeolothrips longiceps Crawford

may be questioned and a thorough study of the systematics of

this group may place more accurately such species as Dactulio-

thrips spinosus Moulton and Mycterothrips longirostrum (Jones).

The species of economic importance are starred.

Sub-Order Terebrantia Haliday, 1836

Super-Family Aeolothripoidea Hood, 1915

Family Aeolothripid^ Uzel, 1895

Sub-Family Orothripin^ Bagnall, 1913

Genus Erythrothrips Moulton, 1911

1. E. arizonce Moulton, 1911. 1929.

2. E. fasciculatus Moulton, 3. E. keeni Moulton, 1929.

Genus Orothrips Moulton, 1907

4. 0. Kelloggi Moulton, 1907. 6. 0. variabilis Moulton,

5. 0. yosemitei Moulton, 1911. 1927.

164

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XI, NO. 4

Sub-Family Melanthripin^ Bagnall, 1913

Genus Ankothrips Crawford, 1909

7. A. rohustus Crawford, 9. A. cequalis Moulton, 1926.

1909. 10. A.yucccB Moulton, 1926.

8. A. gracilis Moulton, 1926.

Sub-Family Aeolothripinje Bagnall, 1913

Genus Aeolothrips Haliday, 1836

11. A e. fasciatus (Linn.), 14. Ae.nasturtii Jones, 1912^

1758. 15. Ae. tuolumnei, Moulton,

12. Ae. kuwanai Moulton,

1907.

13. Ae. longiceps Crawford,

1909.

1927.

16. Ae. yosemitce Moulton,

1929.

Genus Franklinothrips Back, 1912

17. F. vespiformis (Crawford), 1909.

Family Dactuliothripid;e Moulton, 1931

Genus Dactuliothrips Moulton, 1931

18. D. spinosus Moulton, 1931

Super-Family Thripoidea Hood, 1915

Family Thripid^e Uzel, 1895

Sub-Family Heliothripin;e Kamy, 1921

Genus Heliothrips Haliday, 1836

*19. H. hcemorrhoidalis 20. H. fasciapennis Hinds,

(Bouche), 1833. 1902.

Genus Hercothrips Hood, 1927

*21. H.femoralis (Reuter), 1895.

1891. 23. H. bromi Moulton, 1927.

*22. H. fasciatus (Pergande), 24. H. gossypii Moulton, 1927.

Genus Parthenothrips Uzel, 1895

*25. P. draccencB (Heeger) , 1854.

Sub-Family Chirothripin;e Karny, 1921

^Mr. Moulton believes tuaiumnei to be a synonym of nasturtii.

OCT., 1935]

BAILEY— THYSANOPTERA

165

Genus Chirothrips Haliday, 1836

26. C. similis Bagnall, 1909. 1909.

27. C. mexicanus Crawford,

Genus Limothrips Haliday, 1836

28. L. angulicornis Jablonowski, 1894

Genus Aptinothrips Haliday, 1836

29. A.rufus (Gmelin), 1788.

Sub-Family Sericothripinje Kamy, 1921

Tribe Sericothripini Priesner, 1926

Genus Sericothrips Haliday, 1836

30. S. variabilis (Beach), 1896. 32. S.moultoni Jones, 1912.

31. S, albus Jones, 1912.

Genus Scirtothrips Sbull, 1909

*33. S. citri (Moulton), 1909. 35. S. albus (Jones), 1912.

34. S.longipennis (Bagnall), 36. S. aceri Moulton, 1926.

1909.

Genus Drepanothrips Uzel, 1895

*37. D. reuteri Uzel, 1895.

Tribe Anaphothripini Priesner, 1926

Genus Anaphothrips Usel, 1895

38. A. obscurus (Muller), 1896.

1776. 40. A. zece Moulton, 1911.

39. A. secticornis (Trybom),

Sub-Genus Odontanaphothrips Moulton, 1926

41. 0. tricolor Moulton, 1911. 42. 0. encelice Moulton, 1926.

Sub-Genus Neophysopus Schmutz, 1913

43. N. minutus Moulton, 1929.

Sub-Genus Prosopoanaphothrips Moulton, 1926

44. P . reticulatus (Moulton), 1907.

166

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XI, NO. 4

Sub-Genus Chcetanaphothrips Priesner, 1925

45. C.orchidii (Moulton), 1907.

Tribe Dendrothripini Priesner, 1926

Genus Psilothrips Hood, 1927

46. P. priesneri (Moulton), 47. P. pardalotus Hood, 1927.

1926.

Sub-Family Thripin^ Karny, 1921

Genus Odontothrips Amyot and Serville, 1843

48. O.loti (Haliday), 1852.

Genus Scolothrips Hinds, 1902

49. S . sexmaculatus (Pergande), 1894.

Genus Frankliniella Karny, 1910

*50. F . occidentalis (Pergande) ,*53. F. gossypii (Morgan),

1895. 1913.

*51. F.minuta (Moulton), *54. F.moultoni Hood, 1914

1907. {=califorjiicus Moulton,

52. F.helianthi (Moulton), 1911).

1911.

Genus Tceniothrips Amyot and Serville, 1843

*55. T . inconsequens (Uzel),

1895.

61. T. alhipennis Moulton,

1929.

56. T.ehrhorni (Moulton), 62. T. vulgatissimus ameri-

1907. canus Moulton, 1929.

57. T.alhus (Moulton), 1911^*63. T. simplex Morison, 1930

58. T.costalis (Jones), 1912. {=gladioli M. and S.,

59. T.hlacki (Watson), 1919^ 1931).

60. T. tahoei Moulton, 1927.

Genue Arpediothrips Hood, 1927

64. A. mojave Hood, 1927.

Genus Rhopalandrothrips Priesner, 1922

65. R. corni Moulton, 1927.

^Mr. Moulton believes costcdis to be synonymous with cdbvs.

®Mr. Moulton believes this species to be a synonym of frici (Uzel), 1896.

OCT., 1935]

BAILEY— THYSANOPTERA

167

Genus Thrips Linnaeus, 1746

*66. T. tahaci Lindeman, 1888. 70. T . magnus Moulton, 1911.

*67. T . nigropilosus Uzel, 1895. 71. T . helianthi Morgan, 1913.

68. T. madroni Moulton, 1907. 72. T. heraclei Moulton, 1926.

69. T. hremneri Moulton, 1907.

Sub-Genus Microcephalothrips Bagnall, 1926

73. M. abdominalis Crawford, 1910.

Genus Toxonothrips Moulton, 1927

74. graminece Moulton, 1927.

Sub-Family Mycterothripin^ Karny, 1921

Genus Mycterothrips Trybom, 1912

75. M . longirostrum (Jones), 1912.

Sub-Order Tubulifera Haliday, 1836

Super-Family Phloeothripoidea Hood, 1915

Family Phloeothripidje Uzel, 1895

Sub-Family Phloeothripin^ Kamy, 1921

Tribe Hoplothripini Priesner, 1927

Genus Cryptothrips Uzel, 1895

76. C. rectangularis Hood, 77. C. sordidatus Hood, 1927.

1908.

Genus Cephalothrips Uzel, 1895

78. C. errans Moulton, 1911.

Genus Poecilothrips Uzel, 1895

79. P. ornatus (Hood), 1913 81. P.dens (Moulton), 1907.

80. P. lupini Moulton, 1929^.

Genus Liothrips Uzel, 1895

82. L. ilex dumosa (Moulton) , 1920.

1907. 85. L. corni Moulton, 1926.

83. L. varicornis Hood, 1912. 86. L. xanthocerus Hood, 1927.

*84. L. vaneeckei Priesner, i

^ The writer has not seen this species but believes it to be synonymous with

P. omatUB.

168

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XI, NO. 4

Genus Rhynchothrips Hood, 1912

*87. R.ilex (Moulton), 1907.

Genus Hoplothrips Amyot and Serville, 1843

88. H.corticis (DeGeer), 1773.

Genus Priesneriella Hood, 1927

89. P. citricauda Hood, 1927.

Tribe Haplothripini, Priesner, 1925

Genus Haplothrips Amyot and Serville, 1843

*90. H . leucanthemi (Schrank), ford), 1909.

1781. 92. H. ruber (Moulton), 1911.

91. H. fasciculatus (Craw-

Sub-Genus Chonothrips John, 1924

93. C. gaviotce Moulton, 1929.

Sub-Genus Zygothrips (Uzel) , 1895

94. Z. californicus Mason, 1926.

Genus N eoheegeria Schmutz, 1909

95. N.verhasci (Osborn), 1896.

Genue Bagnalliella Kamy, 1920

96. B.yuccce (Hinds), 1902. 98. B.mojave Hood, 1927.

97. B. desertce Hood, 1927.

Genus Karnyothrips Watson, 1923

99. K. flavipes (Jones), 1912.

Genus Leptothrips Hood, 1909

100. L. mali (Fitch), 1856. 101. L. heliomanes Hood, 1927.

Tribe Phloeothripini Priesner, 1925

Genus Phloeothrips Haliday, 1836

Sub-Genus Hoplandrothrips (Hood), 1912

OCT., 1935]

BAILEY— THYSANOPTERA

169

102. H. armiger (Jones), 1912. 103. H . sycamorensis Mason,

1926.

Sub-Family Megathripin^ Priesner, 1927

Tribe Megathripini Priesner, 1927

Genus Megalothrips Uzel, 1895

104. M. hesperus Moulton, 105. M. picticornis Hood, 1927.

1907.

Tribe Compsothripini Priesner, 1927

Genus F ormicothrips Priesner, 1927

106. F. yosemitce Moulton, 1929.

Super-Family Urothripoidea Hood, 1915

Family Urothripid^e Bagnall, 1909

Genus Stephanothrips Trybom, 1912

107. S. hradleyi Hood, 1927.

In addition to the above recorded species Franklinella fusca

(Hinds), 1902, Tcsniothrips hawaiiensis (Morgan), 1913, and

Haplothrips gowdeyi (Franklin), 1908, have been intercepted

at California plant quarantine inspection points.

Note: Since this manuscript was first submitted for publica-

tion (July 10, 1935), the author has been in correspondence with

Professor J. D. Hood, Mr. Moulton, and Dr. H. Priesner and

wishes to express his appreciation for their suggestions and cor-

rections. Professor Hood believes that the genus Psilothrips

should precede Ana^phothrips, that Pcecitothrips should follow

Hoplandrothrips, and has also generously offered other informa-

tion from unpublished manuscripts and descriptions which it is

to be regretted cannot be incorporated at this time. — S. F. B.

Phileurus illatus Leg.

At Valley Wells, San Bernardino County, California, I took

a specimen of Phileurus illatus Lee. at Light. Although Leng

records this species as occuring in southern California it is ex-

ceedingly rare. In Arizona it is taken frequently — E. R. Leach.

170

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[vOL. XI, NO. 4

NEW CALIFORNIA THYSANOPTERA

BY DUDLEY MOULTON

This paper adds seven new species of Thysanoptera to the

fauna of California. All of these except one are in the genus

Frankliniella Kamy. The common forms of this genus known

here at the present time are: occidentalis Pergande (syn. helianthi

Moulton), moultoni Hood (new name for calif ornica Moulton),

minuta Moulton and gossypii Morgan (found in Southern Cali-

fornia and Arizona). The species tritici Fitch, so far as I know,

has not been found in this state. The addition of six new species

of Frankliniella therefore more than doubles the number which

have been recognized here up to the present time.

Frankliniella insignis, Moulton, n. sp.

Female holotype: uniformly light yellowish including legs and

wings, antenna mostly yellow, with II a little darker, distal half

of IV slightly clouded, outer half of VI and VII and VIII light

brown. Spines light brownish yellow. Crescents of ocelli light

yellow, concolorous with head or only a little darker.

Total body length 1.1 mm.; head length .08 mm., width .14

mm. Segments of antenna: III, 40 (20); IV, 36; V, 30; VI, 43;

VII, 7; VIII, 9 microns. Length of spines: interocellar 40, post-

ocular 16, on anterior angles of prothorax 56, on anterior margin

40, on posterior angles, outer 50, inner 66, on ninth abdominal

segment, median 80, next adjoining 93, median on tenth segment

86. microns.

Pedicel of third antennal segment with distinct swelling in

outer half; spines on fore wings: fore vein 17, hind, vein 14; comb

on eighth abdominal segment wanting.

Type material: female holotype taken on citrus foliage, in

Southern California, May 10, 1929 (R. S. Woglum) . In author’s

collection (No. 3841).

This species may be separated from citri Moulton by its

shorter third antennal segment and the clear yellowish basal

half of sixth antennal segment. It may be separated from tritici

by these same characters and by the shorter terminal spines.

Frankliniella citri, Moulton, n. sp.

Female holotype: Color; uniformly light yellowish including

legs and wings, pterothorax slightly orange yellow; antennal seg-

ments: I, whitish yellow, II, brownish orange yellow, all of III,

OCT., 1935]

MOULTON— THYSANOPTERA

171

basal half of IV and all of V clear yellow, outer half of IV and

VI to VIII brown. Spines yellowish, only major spines brownish.

Ocellar crescents light brownish orange.

Total body length 1.25 mm.; head length .102 mm.; width .147

mm. Segments of antenna: length (width) III, 50 (20); IV, 43;

V, 33; VI, 43; VII, 10; VIII, 10. Length of spines: interocellar

46, postocular 20, on anterior angles of prothorax 60, on anterior

margin 46, on posterior angles, outer 53, inner 73, on ninth ab-

dominal segment, median, 86, next adjoining 93, median on tenth

93 microns.

Pedicel of third antennal segment with distinct swelling in

outer half; spines on fore wing: fore vein, 19, hind vein, 16. Comb

on eighth abdominal segment wanting in the middle.

Type material: female holotype taken on citrus foliage,

October 9, 1926 (E. A. McGregor). In author’s collection. No.

1155.

Type locality: Calexico, California.

This species may be separated from tritici Fitch by its clearer

color, the longer antero-marginal and shorter terminal spines,

93 microns as compared with 116-126 in tritici.

Frankliniella yuccae, Moulton, n. sp.

Female holotype: head and thorax orange yellow, head lighter,

pterothorax darker, abdomen brownish yellow, tenth segment

darkest. First antennal segment grayish yellow, II and VI to

VIII dark brown. III yellow in basal half shading to grayish brown

in outer half, IV yellowish at base shading to dark brown in outer

three-fourths, V yellowish in basal half, dark brown in outer half.

Legs mostly yellow, femora shaded with brown on outer margins.

Wings slightly tinted with yellow, veins yellow. Spines brown.

Total body length 1.32 mm.; head length .12 mm., width .17

mm. Segments of antenna: length (width) II, 43; III, 70 (22);

IV, 66; V, 46; VI, 56; VII, 10; VIII, 16; total 340 microns. Length

of spines: interocellar 63, postocular 36-40, on anterior angles, of

prothorax 80, on anterior margin 83-86, on posterior angles, outer

96, inner 96, on ninth abdominal segment median 133, next adjoin-

ing 150, median on tenth 153 microns.

Pedicel of third antennal segment with only a slight swelling

in outer half. Spines on fore wings: fore vein 22-23, hind vein

17-20. Comb on eight abdominal segment complete but weak in

the center, with each seta arising from an enlarged saw-tooth-like

base.

Male allotype colored as in female but lighter.

Type material: female holotype, male allotype, one male and

172

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XI, NO. 4

three female paratypes, taken in flowers of yucca in Southern

California, May 15, 1926. (M. No. 701). Types in author’s

collection.

This species has a great resemblance to occidentalis Per-

gande but may be separated by the longer antennal segments

and the longer spines.

Frankliniella obscura, Moulton, n. sp.

Female holotype: Color blackish brown including antenna and

legs, fore wings uniformly deep brown, spines blackish brown.

Total body length 1.06 mm. Segments of antenna: length

(width); III, 50 (20); IV, 43; V, 36; VI, 46; VII, 10; VIII, 14.

Length of spines: interocellar 40, postocular 30, on anterior angles

of prothorax 66, on anterior margin 76, on posterior angles outer

76, median on ninth abdominal segment 106, next adjoining 126,

median on tenth 106 microns.

Pedicel of third antennal segment with slight swelling. Spines

on wings : fore vein 18, hind vein 14-15. Comb on eighth abdominal

segment complete; each seta placed on a broadened saw-tooth-like

base.

Male allotype smaller, head and legs brownish yellow, fore

wings light brown. Clear, small oval areas on sternites two to six.

Type material: female holotype, male allotype and three

female and two male paratypes taken in grass sweepings and on

alfalfa. Types in author’s collection. (M. No. 4861). Type

locality, lone, Amador County, Cal.

This species may be separated from simplex Priesner by its

more uniformly deep brown color, shorter third antennal seg-

ment and lesser number of spines on hind vein of fore wing.

Frankliniella venusta, Moulton, n. sp.

Female holotype: Head yellowish brown, lighter in anterior

half, prothorax dark brown, pterothorax yellowish orange brown,

darkened at the sides, abdomen blackish brown. Antenna : I,

brown; II, dark brown; III to V, brownish yellow shading gradu-

ally to brown; VI to VIII, deep brown. Legs: fore tibiae, tips of

middle tibiae and all tarsi rather clear yellow, the fore tibiae shaded

slightly at the sides, all femora dark brown, middle and hind

tibiae lighter at both ends. Wings clear, veins yellow.

Total body length 1.1 mm.; head length .10' mm., width .143

mm. Segments of antennae: length (width) III, 43 (16); IV,

36; V, 33; VI, 43; VII, 7; VIII, 14 microns. Length of spines:

interocellar 50, postocular 26, on anterior angles of prothorax 63,

OCT., 1935]

MOULTON— THYSANOPTERA

173

on anterior margin 53, on posterior angles, outer 70, inner 76,

median on ninth abdominal segment 106, next adjoining 116, median

on tenth 106 microns.

Pedicel of third antennal segment with a slight swelling in

outer half. Spines on wings: fore vein 17, hind vein 12. Comb

on eighth abdominal segment complete but very sparse.

Type material: female holotype taken on California sage,

July 31, 1926 at Markleeville, Alpine Co., California. (M. No.

961 ) . In author’s collection.

Th,is species has the general appearance of fusca Hinds but

is easily separated by the longer postocular and anterior mar-

ginal spines of the prothorax.

Frankliniella conspicua, Moulton, n. sp.

Female holotype: Head and thorax brownish yellow, head

lighter, pterothorax shaded with orange, abdomen brown, darker

at tip. Antennal segments mostly brown, II darkest. III shaded

with yellow in basal half. Legs brownish yellow, tibiae mostly

yellow, shaded at the sides. Wings uniformly light brownish, veins

yellow. Spines brown.

Total body length 1.4 mm. Head length .117 mm., width .16

mm. Segments of antenna: length (width) II, 36; III, 50 (22);

IV, 43; V, 36; VI, 50; VII, 10; VIII, 18 microns. Length of

spines; interocellar 70, postocular 46, on anterior angles of pro-

thorax 100, on anterior margin 90, on posterior angles outer 93,

inner 100, median on ninth abdominal segment 126, next adjoining

146, median on tenth 153 microns.

Pedicel of third antennal segment simple. Spines on fore

wings: fore vein 17, hind vein 13. Comb on eighth abdominal

segment complete but weak.

Type material, female holotype taken on Orthocarpus lacerus.

May 27, 1928. (H. Parker) (M. No. 2816). Type in author’s

collection.

Type locality, Lakeport, California.

This species has a close resemblance to moultoni Hood but

is separated by the longer spines on head and prothorax and

the lesser number of spines on hind vein of fore wing.

Chirothrips SECALIS Moulton

Female holotype: Dark brown including antennse and legs

except third antennal segment which is lighter and all tarsi and

distal portions of fore tibiee which are yellow; wing brown.

174

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XI, NO. 4

Total body length 1.48 mm.; head length .10 mm., width .133

mm.; prothorax length .21 mm., width in front .143 mm., behind

.233 mm.; antennal segments: length (width) I, 16 (26); II, 33

(26); III, 36 (23); IV, 40 (23); V, 33 (20); VI, 43 (20); VII,

10; VIII, 13; total length 230 microns. Spines on posterior angles

of prothorax: inner 46, outer 56 microns; at top of abdomen 126

microns.

Type material: Female holotype and ten female paratypes

taken on rye grass July 9, 1929 by G. R. Struble. Types in

author’s collection. (Moulton No. 3836).

Type locality: Willow Ranch, Modoc County, California.

This species is distinctive from other North American mem-

bers of this genus in that the second antennal segment is simple

and not drawn out into an angular process on the distal outer

margin and in this respect it resembles hamatus Trybom found

in Europe. The head is wider than long and not noticeably pro-

duced in front, the cheeks are slightly diverging posteriorly, with

two pairs of minute setae on forehead, the ocellar pair placed

opposite anterior ocellus; the sense cone is simple on the third

antennal segment and forked on the fourth. Side of thorax

straight and diverging posteriorly, each posterior angle with two

well developed spines and with three setae on either side along

posterior margin. Fore vein of fore wing with four basal spines

and two near tip, hind vein with five near middle of wing and

one at tip. End of abdomen drawn out and pointed much as

in similis Bagn.

Note on Ptochiomera c^ca Van D.

Mr. H. G. Barber has very kindly called my attention to the

fact that the name Ptiochiomera cceca given by me to a species

from the Marquesas Islands (Bishop Mus., Bull. 98, p. 187,

1932) is preoccupied by Plociomera cceca Distant from Guata-

mala. I do not find that a correction of this duplication has

been published so I will now suggest the name Ptiochiomera

mumfordi Van D., n. n., for this species. — E. P. Van Duzee.

OCT., 1935]

FLANDERS— TRICHOGRAMMA

175

HOST INFLUENCE ON THE PROLIFICACY AND SIZE OF

TRICHOGRAMMA

S. E. FLANDERS

University of California Citrus Experiment Station

Riverside, California

It has been noted by workers engaged in the mass production

of Tricho gramma that T. evanescens is more prolific than is T.

embryophagus. This seems to be the case when Sitotroga

cerealello Oliv. is used as a host. On the other hand Peterson

(1931) states that, when reared on bag worm eggs, embryophagus

is four times as prolific as evanescens. Schread and Garman

(1933) conclude that evanescens is more prolific than embryo-

phagus because it produces twice as many females per male as

embryophagus, other factors being equal. Peterson, on the other

hand, suggests that embryophagus is more prolific than evanescens

because of its longer life.

Recently the writer investigated the development and mor-

phology of both species of Trichogramma when reared in the

eggs of Estigmene acrcea (Drury) . The eggs of this moth are

of medium size and permit the complete development of from

1 to 10 individuals per host egg.

Several hundred Estigmene eggs were exposed to parasitism

for periods of 1 to 60 minutes. This was done by isolating each

host egg in a gelatin capsule with a single female, then removing

the females that had oviposited as well as those in the act of

oviposition.

One hundred eggs parasitized by evanescens produced an

average of 4.3 adults per egg. Thirty eggs parasitized by

embryophagus produced 5.4 adults per egg. In each case the

sex ratio was 2 females to 1 male.

If embryophagus tends to deposit more eggs per host than

does evanescens and other conditions are equal, it is obvious that

on small hosts, such as Sitotroga which permit the complete

development of only one or two individuals, embryophagus

would be much less prolific than evanescens ; and on larger hosts,

such as the eggs of the bag worm, it would tend to be more pro-

lific than evanescens. This relationship may account for the

conflicting observations of the authors noted above.

176

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XI, NO. 4

In Estigmene eggs, one evanescens female may deposit at

least three eggs without withdrawal of the ovipositor. The pro-

geny of a mated female from a single Estigmene egg normally

consists of two females and one male. If an ovipositing female

is removed from a host egg after only one egg is deposited, the

solitary offspring is invariably a female.

Effect of the Number of Eggs Deposited by Mated Trichogramma

evanescens in Estigmene Eggs on Sex of Progeny

Total number adults per egg

Number of eggs with females only....

12:

Number of eggs with males and

females

Solitary specimens from Estigmene eggs have a longer de-

velopmental period than do gregarious specimens. Presumably

this is due to the necessity of the developing larvae consuming an

extraordinary amount of food in order that the interior of the

host will be suitable for pupation. The abdomen of a solitary

specimen is so enlarged that it emerges with great difficulty from

the host. The head capsule and thorax reach their maximum

size in such solitary specimens. This is indicated by the abnor-

mal girth of the abdomen. The diameter of the exit aperture

in the host, which is cut to permit the passage of the head and

thorax, is too small to allow the abdomen to pass through readily.

In some instances the parasite was unable to entirely emerge.

This is particularly true of evanescens, which attains a maxi-

mum body length of 0.8 mm. The abdomen of emhryophagus

is somewhat narrower and the adults emerge with less difficulty.

The maximum body length so far obtained in this species is I mm.

The eggs of Estigmene are uniform in size and content so that,

if not superparasitized, the total mass of the parasites (I to 10)

developing in one egg is approximately equal to the total mass

developing in another egg.

OCT., 1935]

FLANDERS— TRICHOGRAMMA

177

Large specimens of Tricho gramma may be over five times

as prolific as small specimens. A record of 200 parasitized

Sitotroga eggs was obtained from one specimen of evenescens.

Under otherwise equal conditions, a difference in size of indi-

vidual females results in their having different hosts. Large speci-

mens of Trichogramma are able to oviposit in larger hosts than

are small specimens. The eggs of P achy sphinx modesta (Harris)

which have a chorion 28 microns in thickness are readily para-

sitized by the large specimens of Trichogramma but are immune

to parasitism by small specimens. On the other hand, large

specimens tend to ignore hosts of less volume than their own

bodies. Solitary specimens from Estigmene eggs confined with

Sitotroga eggs did not oviposit although their parents were reared

from Sitotroga eggs.

The largest number of adults obtained from one P achy sphinx

egg was 50, although the maximum number dissected from one

egg was 75. When the largest possible number of progeny de-

velop in a single host, they attain the minimum in size. The

thick shell of the P achy sphinx egg is so resistant that in most

cases the small parasites were unable to cut their way out.

References

Peterson, A., Jour. Econ. Ent., 24:1070-1074, 1931.

Schread, J. C., and P. Garman, Conn. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui.

353:691-756, 1931.

A Note on Elasmostethus

In the Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washing-

ton, xxxiv, p. 65, 1934, Mr. H. G. Barber sinks my Acanthosoma

cruciata cooleyi as a synonym of inter stinctus Linn. (syn. denta-

tus DeGeer) . Elasmostethus cooleyi is actually a quite distinct

species from either cruciata or inter stinctus. My specimens of

dentatus were received from M. Lethierry many years ago and

were in good condition, having the brush of stiff bristles well

developed. My statement in the original description of cooleyi

that “in dentatus this sinus is indicated only by a small black

tooth on either side” did not mean that this sinus was without

the brush of stiff hairs as Mr. Barber seems to have interpreted

it. — E. P. Van Duzee.

178

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. XI, NO. 4

BEES FROM COASTAL NORTHERN CALIFORNIA

BY CHARLES D. MICHENER

Pasadena, California

Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell, in a paper written at about the

same time as this, has discussed numerous bees which he col-

lected in the Redwood region, as well as some from the collec-

tions of the California Academy of Sciences. Those from the

latter source not used by Cockerell were turned over to me, and

this paper is based on studies of some of these specimens. It

is to be hooped that eventually, as the bee fauna of the Redwood

area becomes well known, some idea of the effect of the peculiar

flora of this region upon the bees may be reached.

Thanks are due to Mr. E. P. Van Duzee for the loan of these

specimens and for cooperation in matters of publication. I

especially wish to express my thanks to Professor Cockerell for

enabling me to study these bees, and for many helpful sugges-

tions made throughout the preparation of this paper.

Types of the new species will be found in the collection of

the California Academy of Sciences.

Spinoliella ANTHIDIUS (Fowler)

Male: Guerneville, Sonoma County, May 21, 1910, (Van

Dyke ) .

The Panurginus described below are all forms wh,ich lack

yellow markings in the males, as well as in the females. A key

to these and other black-faced forms will be given in a forth-

coming paper.

Panurginus maritimus MicRener, n. sp.

Male (type) : Length 7 mm.; black, the apices of mandibles

ferruginous; under side of flagellum pinkish brown beyond second

joint, the first longer than second or third; mandibles not un-

usually long, that on one side reaching to the far side of the

labrum (In melanocephalus Ckll. the mandibles are slightly shorter

than this ) ; eyes somewhat convergent below, the head much wider

than long; wings very pale milky brown, the stigma pale brown,

the first recurrent vein a little distad to first tran verse cubital;

head and thorax faintly shining, mostly finely lineolate, with very

few, very minute punctures, the posterior half of scutum more

shiny than elsewhere and hardly lineolate; tegulee shining black;

OCT., 1935]

MICHENER— BEES

179

abdomen distinctly shining, faintly lineolate, impunctate; process

of sixth sternite somewhat like melanocephalus Ckll. (see Craw-

ford’s figure of morrisoni Cwfd.) but not definately preapical;

pubescence pale, that of clypeus fuscous mixed with black, that

of front pale fuscous; clypeus practically punctureless, its emargi-

nation normal.

Point Reyes, Marin County, March 22, 1925 (H. H. Keifer) .

Readily distinguished from other black-faced males by the

color of the wings and antennae.

Panurginus emarginatus Michener, n. sp.

Male (type) : Length about 5 mm.; black, rather slender; head

much broader than long, the eyes converging below; mandibles

slightly reddish at apices, about as long as in melanocephalus,

a little shorter than in maritimus; first joint of flagellum con-

siderably longer than second, a little longer than third; head and

thorax slightly shining, very finely lineolate, most shiny on post-

scutellum, scutellum, and most of scutum; punctures very few

and fine; abdomen quite shiny; wings nearly clear, the veins and

stigma black, the first recurrent slightly basad to first transverse

cubital; process of sixth sternite fairly broad, emarginate at apex,

rather long, though not as long as in atriceps (Cress.) ; emargi-

nation of clypeus quite deep as usual; pubescence of head and thorax

black, the front and dorsum of thorax with some pale hair, the

venter of thorax with hair mostly pale; legs and abdomen with

pale hair.

Female: Length 6 mm.; similar to male; clypeus with a few

more punctures, but they are quite fine; pubescence of head and

thorax mostly fuscous, with black on clypeus.

One of each sex from Meyers, 5 miles north of Miranda,

Humboldt County, April 18, 1935, on Ranunculus (Van Duzee).

Smaller, with more shiny postscutellum than in the other

black haired species, nigrihirtus. Mandibles shorter than in

nigrihirtus.

Panurginus nigrihirtus Michener, n. sp.

Male (type) : Length about 6^/^ mm.; black; head much broader

than long, the cheeks quite broad; eyes converging below; clypeus

deeply and broadly emarginate, as usual; mandibles quite long,

that on one side extending beyond opposite side of labrum, their

apices often slightly rufescent; first joint of flagellum longer than

second, usually a little longer than third; head and thorax slightly

shining, distinctly lineolate, the median apical part of clypeus

180

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XI, NO. 4

more shiny than rest of clypeus, the postscutellum duller than

scutellum, about as dull as enclosure of propodeum; posterior part

of scutum not much if any shinier than anterior part; tegulse

shining black; abdomen shining, lineolate; punctures of head, espe-

cially clypeus and lower sides of face, rather large and numerous

(for this group) ; scutum with some fine punctures; wings slightly

dusky, the veins and stigma black, the first recurrent vein meet-

ing or slightly basad to first transverse cubital; process of apex

of sixth sternite broad, with a broad emargination after the man-

ner of Crawford’^s figure of rowheri Cwfd. (bakeri Cwfd. not

Ckll.) ; pubescence of head and thorax black, mixed with a little

pale on scutum, replaced by pale on venter of thorax; mandibles,

scape, legs, and abdomen with mostly pale hair.

Female: Length nearly 7 mm.; similar to male but face with

more and coarser punctures; scutum not or hardly lineolate;

pubescence paler, the clypeus with at least some black hairs, the

rest of face and dorsum of thorax usually with fuscous hair.

Pubescence of male largely black as in emarginatus. See notes

under emarginatus for distinctions between these species.

Meyers, 5 miles north of Miranda, Humboldt County, April

18, 1935, on Ranunculus (Van Duzee).

Panurginus ceanothi Michener, n. sp.

Male (type) : Length a little over 5.5 mm.; black, slender, form

of gracilis Mich., head much broader than long, the eyes converg-

ing below; mandibles very long, rufescent at apices; head and

thorax slightly shiny, faintly lineolate, the postscutellum as shiny

as scutellum, the clypeus and sides of face with a few fine punc-

tures, the scutum with still finer ones; abdomen quite shiny,

slightly lineolate, with a few very fine punctures ; process of sixth

sternite fairly broad (wider than in atriceps (Cress.) and rather

long, emarginate at apex after the manner of nigrihirtus; apex

of clypeus with the usual large emargination ; wings hardly dusky,

the veins and stigma black; pubescence pale, fuscous on clypeus.

Yorkville, Mendocino County, May 8, 1935, on white Ceano-

thus (Van Duzee).

Gracilis Mich, (which will be published elsewhere) , is the

other pale-haired, small species with dark head, antennae, and

legs. It, however, has a very shallow emargination on clypeus.

Panurginus nigrellus Crawford

Lagunitas, Marin County, March 29, 1908 (Van Dyke) ;

Mark West Springs, April 23, 1935, on Nemophila tricolor (Van

OCT., 1935]

MICHENER— BEES

181

Duzee). The above records are for males (many females also

from Mark West Springs). Two females from Cazadero, April

13, 1918, (Van Duzee) are probably this species.

Female: Length usually not quite 7 mm.; similar to the male

but punctures of clypeus usually slightly larger; pubescence (as

in male) pale with black or fuscous on clypeus and sometimes on

lower part of front.

Panurginus melanocephalus Cockerell.

Fort Baker, Marin County, March 15, 1925 (C. L. Fox) ; Mill

Valley, Marin County, March 15, 1925 (H. H. Keifer) ; Fairfax,

April 13, 1919 (Van Duzee).

Panurginus occidentalis (Crawford)

Males: Ben Bow Club, Humboldt County, April 19, 1935,

on Limnanthes douglasii (Van Duzee, Coll.).

Female: Yorkville, Mendocino County, May 1, 1924 (Van

Duzee) .

Halictoides calif ornicus Michener, n. sp.

Male (type) : Length 5 mm.; bluegreen, the head blue, the

clypeus, legs, antennse, and sternites black (thorax obscurely, and

tergites very obscurely, metallic); head much wider than long;

eyes converging below; antennae quite long, black, the flagellum

with a row of hooked hairs for its entire length, the hairs small,

and about eight or nine per joint; tegulae black; legs normal except

that the hind tarsi are flattened, joints two to four with rather

long processes on one side; clypeus densely hairy, apparently with

rather deep punctures except on the upper margin which is smooth

and polished; enclosure of propodeum strongly striate; punctures

fairly small, not close except on front; posterior margins of ter-

gites broadly hyaline; pubescence fairly abundant, pale ochraceous

on dorsum of head and thorax, white on face, not covering face

except for clypeus; forming distinct abdominal bands, dull white

on cheeks and sides of thorax; wings rather brown, the veins and

stigma black, the second abscissa of cubital vein shorter than

fourth.

Yorkville, Mendocino County, May 1, 1924, and May 8, 1935

(Van Duzee) .

Not closely related to any described species. Differs from

davidsoni Ckll. and oryx Vier. by shorter, more robust form,

smaller size, etc. Differs from all other small green species

182

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XI, NO. 4

known to me by the arrangement of the hooked hairs of the

antennae.

Hesperapis pellucidus Cockerell

Male: Ben Lomand, Santa Cruz Mountains, May 16, 1931

(Van Dyke) .

Emphoropsis depressa (Fowler)

Females: Garberville, Humboldt County, April 19, 1935 (Van

Duzee) .

Male: Mount Diablo, April 24, 1935, on Salvia meilifera

(Van Duzee).

Anthophora simillima calif orniensis Michener, n. var.

Male (type): Length about 15 mm.; similar to the typical

simillima Cress, but pubescence much darker, the pale pubescence,

particularly that of sides and front of thorax, ochraceous; hair

of vertex entirely black, that of front and sides of face mixed

with black; hair of cheeks dark fuscous or black; hair of legs

black, mixed with dark fulvous on fore and middle tarsi; hair

of under side of thorax and pleura up to the middle black; scutum

with much black hair intermixed; pale hair of abdomen confined

to first tergite and basal half of second.

Female: Similar to typical simillima but hair of head black,

with a little ochraceous in front of ocelli; hair of legs, venter of

thorax, and lower half of pleurae black; hair of dorsum of thorax

ochraceous with much black; abdomen without light hair beyond

first tergite.

Two males and a female from Yorkville, Mendocino County,

May 17, 1929 (Van Duzee) .

A male from Mark West Springs (recorded by Cockerell),

is much like the Rocky Mountain (typical) form, the last two

tergites showing some pale hair, the pleura and venter of thorax

pale haired, but pale hair mostly ochraceous, and femora and

parts of tibiae black haired. Until I saw this last specimen I

thought californiensis was surely a good subspecies, if not a

species. I can see no difference in genitalia between these two

forms.

The female is superficially very similar to A. ursina Cress.,

differing by the mixture of black hair on the scutum, etc.

OCT., 1935]

MICHENEE^BEES

183

Anthophora urbana Cresson

Females: Fairfax, Marin County, June 5, 1921 (C. L. Fox).

Males: Cazadero, September 2, 1918 (Van Duzee).

Anthopora aterrima Cockerell

Females: Yorkville, Mendocina County, May 17, 1929 (Van

Duzee) .

Anthophora edwardsh Cresson

Male: Mount Diablo, April 24, 1935, on Salvia mellifera

(Van Duzee) .

Anthophora pacific a Cresson

Female {A. ignava Cress.) ; 4 miles north of Laytonville,

April 19, 1935 (Van Duzee).

Diadasia bituberculata (Cresson)

Males: Fairfax, Marin County, May 22, 1921 (C. L. Fox).

Females: Mill Valley, Marin County, June 21, 1935 (Slevin).

Diadasia nigrifrons nerea (Fowler)

Female: Guerneville, Sonoma County, May 31, 1910 (Van

Dyke).

Osmia gracilis Michener, n. sp.

Female (type) : Length nearly 6 mm. black, nonmetallic, the

labrum, under side of flagellum, and parts of tegulae dark brown;

mandibles tridentate; maxillary palpi five jointed; apex of clypeus

faintly emarginate in the middle; eyes converging below; facial

line longer than transfacial; notauli linear; enclosure of pro-

podeum somewhat rough but shining; head and thorax densely

punctate, the punctures coarsest on clypeus; wings quite brown,

the basal vein with a tendency to be beyond transverse median, the

second abscissa of cubital vein slightly longer than fourth, the

second submarginal cell much narrowed above (as in exigua

Cress.) ; first tergite with a sulcus but nO' carina above it; abdo-

men with rather fine punctures; apical margin of fifth tergite

reddish; pubescence dull white, sparse, nowhere covering sur-

face; abdominal bands narrow, white, and broken (or worn off?)

medianly; scopa dull white.

Mill Valley, Marin County, July 19, 1925 (Van Duzee). Runs

to Chelostoma miniitum Cwfd. or Ashmeadiella coquilletti Titus

in Cockerell’s key to California black Osmias (1935).

184

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[vOL. XI, NO. 4

Osmia abdominalis Michener, n. sp.

Male (type) : Length 10 mm.; form rather long, the abdomen

parellel-sided; head and thorax yellow green, somewhat brassy,

with a small blue area around ocelli; abdomen brassy green, the

fifth tergite with strong coppery tints, the posterior margins of

the tergites broadly blue, these edged posteriorly with purple;

apex of sixth tergite purplish black, brown laterally; tegulse black,

with a little green at the anterior ends; legs black, the fore and

hind femora green; mandibles and antennse black; pubescence

white, reddish on under side of tarsi; head broad, the transfacial

line distinctly longer than the facial; head and thorax finely and

densely punctate throughout, the scutellum with a narrow polished

line; wings faintly brownish, the basal vein meeting the trans-

verse median, the second abscissa of cubital vein about twice as

long as fourth; sixth tergite unnotched, but produced, the apex

very obscurely truncated, the sides sinuate, producing fairly con-

spicuous obtuse angles near base; seventh tergite with its teeth

broad, not pointed, and close together; posterior margin of second

and third sternites about straight, untoothed; fourth sternite larger

than any of the others, and produced apically.

One from Yorkville, Mendocino County, May 17, 1929 (Van

Duzee) .

Superficially this is somewhat similar to physarice Ckll.

which differs in many important structural characters, being an

Acanthosmoides. 0. abdominalis is really closest to nemoris

Sandfi., which is smaller and more robust, with the abdomen

nearly all about the same color, the sides of sixth tergite less dis-

tinctly augulate, the second tergite larger than any of the others,

etc.

OsMiA EUTRICHOSA Cockerell

A male from Fairfax, Marin County, April 12, 1921 (C. L.

Fox), agrees with the type except that the hair is quite red and

the coloration is green. Both fore and hind femora are greenish

in this specimen, as well as in the type.

Osmia lignaria Say

Females: Fairfax, Marin County, April 12, 1928 (C. L. Fox) ;

Yorkville, Mendocino County, May 8, 1935 (Van Duzee) ; Mill

Valley, Marin County, April 19, 1928 (C. L. Fox) ; Cummings,

Mendocino County, April 20, 1935, on Ceanothus (Van Duzee).

Osmia gabrielis Cockerell

Female: Yorkville, Mendocino County, May 17, 1929 (Van

Duzee) .

OCT., 1935]

PACIFIC COAST ENT. SOCIETY

185

PROCEEDINGS OF THE PACIFIC COAST

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Notei: Following the policy adopted at the meeting of the

Pacific Coast Entomological Society held on September 7, 1935,

the minutes of that organization will henceforth be published in

abstract form, omitting business transactions and items lacking

in permanent interest to entomology.

One Hundred and Twenty-ninth Meeting, September 3, 1932.

Meeting held at 8 p. m. in the rooms of the California Depart-

ment of Agriculture, Agriculture Building, San Francisco, Cali-

fornia. Members present: G. F. Ferris, E. 0. Essig, E. P. Van

Duzee, E. R. Leach, G. R. Wilson, E. G. Linsley, R. L. Usinger,

E. C. Zimmerman, H. E. Hinton, and J. 0. Martin. President

G. F. Ferris in the chair.

After the transaction of business, the President called upon

various members for accounts of their summer’s experiences.

Mr. Leach spoke of collecting in various parts of Nevada Co.

where he was hindered by rain and cold weather. He reported col-

lecting an example of Platycerus oregonensis which was of abnor-

mal size and sculpture.

Mr. Van Duzee stated that he had spent part of April in the

lower San Joaquin Valley and at Riverside but had also found

collecting poor due to cold weather.

Mr. Linsley discussed his trip with Mr. Martin through Ari-

zona and Texas. He spoke particularly of Brownsville, where

collecting was extremely productive and interesting because of

the subtropical conditions. He mentioned that this locality was

particularly rich in Cerambycids, of which more than 33 per cent

are typically subtropical species as compared with about 20 per

cent for other large groups of Coleoptera.

Professor Essig described the flights of two broods of the

California tortoise shell butterfly, Aglais calif ornica (Bdv.), one

of which migrated up the American River and the other down the

same canyon. He also described severe bean crop damage in the

San Joaquin Valley by the yellow-striped army worm, Prodenia

prsafica Grote, which in certain areas destroyed 90 per cent of

the crop.

Mr. Usinger spoke of collecting at Clear Lake and Lake Tahoe

and discussed the experiments on the flight of drone bees which

he had made at Davis, California.

Mr. Wilson gave an account of his work with the California

State Quarantine Department and mentioned a shipment of silk

oak logs from Australia which was found to be infested with

between thirty-five and forty different species of insects repre-

senting several orders. He exhibited a box of these insects to

the group.

186

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XI, NO. 4

Professor Ferris then presented a resume of his nearly com-

pleted monograph of the sucking lice, of which he recognizes some

200 species in 35 genera. He stated that the genus Pediculus,

according to his studies, contains only three recognizable species

and that the head and body louse of man exhibited no specific dif-

ferences. He also mentioned that the majority of species of lice

are found on rodents, and that the carnivores, with the exception

of seals and sea lions, have none.

After Professor Ferris’ paper was concluded the meeting

adjourned.

J. 0. Martin, Secretary.

One Hundred and Thirtieth Meeting, December 3, 1932.

Meeting held at 2 p. m. in Room 112 Agriculture Hall, Uni-

versity of California, Berkeley, California. Members present:

G. F. Ferris, E. 0. Essig, J. 0. Martin, E. P. Van Duzee, R. M.

Black welder, E. G. Linsley, H. E. Burke, R. W. Doane, W. B.

Herms, G. R. Wilson, R. L. Usinger, G. R. Struble, E. C. Zim-

merman, R. F. Sternitsky. Visitors present: W. M. Hoskins, F. D.

Klyver, H. Jefts, J. A. Elson, A. E. Michelbacher, J. L. Gressitt,

J. F. Lamiman, C. R. Bruck.

Mr. J. L. Gressitt was unanimously elected to membership in

the society.

Professor Ferris turned the meeting over to Professor Herms,

who gave an outline of the various activities of the entomological

department of the University, after which he conducted the groups

through the entomological laboratories, explaining the work in

progress and introducing the various staff members. After the

inspection, refreshments were served and the meeting adjourned.

J. 0. Martin, Secretary.

One Hundred and Thirty-first Meeting, March 4, 1933.

Meeting held in the entomological laboratories of the California

Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California. Members present:

L. I. Hewes, J. B. Stein weden, R. L. Usinger, G. R. Wilson, R. E.

Blackwelder, E. G. Linsley, F. E. Blaisdell, A. R. Mead, E. 0.

Essig, H. E. Hinton, J. F. Killeen, L. R. Killeen, J. L. Gressitt,

E. P. Van Duzee, R. W. Doane, I. McCracken, E. R. Leach. Visi-

tors present: B. Walker, W. H. Lange, R. L. Furniss.

Messrs. Walker, Lange, and Furniss were unanimously elected

to membership.

Mr. Van Duzee presented an account of the collections of the

Department of Entomology in the California Academy of Sci-

ences. He stated that there had been only four curators in seventy-

one years. The present collection began with three hundred types

which were saved from the 1906 fire. In 1916 the collection con-

sisted of only about thirty thousand insects but at the present

time contains over nine hundred thousand specimens.

OCT., 1935]

PACIFIC COAST ENT. SOCIETY

187

Professor Essig' discussed the insect collections of the Univer-

sity of California. He said that Dr. Hilgard was the first one

interested in entomology. The collection of Dr. Rivers was the

first purchased by the University but this later disappeared. The

same was true of the Ricksecker collection which was subsequently

obtained. Another early collection was that of Linnean species

which was formed by Mr. Charles Fuchs and which is still pre-

served. The present University collection is largely a working

collection, type material having been deposited in the Academy

of Sciences.

Dr. Killeen spoke of some of the early collections made along

the Mexican border between 1849 and 1852, and Dr. Blaisdell dis-

cussed some of the early California entomologists.

Professor Ferris introduced the subject of microscope slide

collections and described his method of filing slides in envelopes.

After a discussion of methods of preserving soft-bodied insects

and the use of alcohol and gelatin as preserving media, the meet-

ing adjourned.

E. R. Leach, Secretary pro tern.

One Hundred and Thirty-second Meeting, April 9, 1933.

Annual field meeting, held in the hills west of Stanford Uni-

versity, Palo Alto, California. Members present: G. F. Ferris,

G. R. Wilson, E. P. Van Duzee, M. Doudoroff, J. B. Steinweden,

J. L. Gressitt. Visitors: Mrs. E. P. Van Duzee, Mrs. C. R. Hubbs,

Mrs. J. B. Steinweden, Mrs. G. R. Wilson and family. Miss M.

Gottlund, P. C. Ting, F. H. Sumner, H. E. Howard.

Members met at Jordon Hall and then proceeded to the nearby

hills. The day was spent in collecting and picnicking, but no un-

usual captures were reported.

J. 0. Martin, Secretary.

One Hundred and Thirty-third Meeting, September 16, 1933

Meeting held at 2 p. m. in the entomological laboratories of

the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California.

Members present: E. 0. Essig, H. E. Burke, E. C. Van Dyke,

E. R. Leach, E. P. Van Duzee, E. G. Linsley, R. L. Usinger, E. C.

Zimmerman, R. E. Blackwelder, J. L. Gressitt, H. E. Hinton, and

J. 0. Martin. Visitors present: M. F. Blair, J. Blum, A. R. Mead,

and A. Long. Vice-president Essig in the chair.

After the transaction of business matters, the nominating com-

mittee consisting of Dr. Van Dyke, Mr. Van Duzee, and Mr. Leach,

proposed the following as officers for the coming year: for Presi-

dent, Professor Essig; for Vice-president, Dr. H. E. Burke; and

for Secretary-Treasurer, Mr. J. 0. Martin. The group was unani-

mously elected by the Society.

Dr. E. C. Van Dyke gave an account of his recent visit to the

various entomological collections of Europe, including those at

188

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XI, NO. 4

London, Brussels, Berlin, and Prague. He spoke particularly of

the means of housing the collections and the method of mounting

specimens in comparison with methods followed in this country.

Mr. H. E. Hinton related his traveling experiences on a hitch-

hiking trip to Mexico made by himself and Mr. Usinger for the

purpose of collecting insects. He was followed by Mr. Usinger,

who supplemented Mr. Hinton’s remarks with a discussion of col-

lecting conditions and the entomological results of their trip. He

stated that most of their collecting had been done in the District

of Temescaltepec in the State of Mexico and that their combined

collecting would add a great many new species to the known

Mexican fauna.

After considerable discussion and questioning of Mr. Usinger,

the meeting adjourned.

J. 0. Martin, Secretary.

One Hundred and Thirty-fourth Meeting, December 2, 1933.

Meeting held at 2 p. m. in the entomological laboratories of

the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California.

Members present: E. 0. Essig, E. C. Van Dyke, H. E. Burke, E. P.

Van Duzee, C. C. Riedy, E. R. Leach, D. Moulton, R. W. Doane,

E. G. Linsley, E. C. Zimmerman, A. R. Mead, R. L. Furniss, J. B.

Steinweden, H. E. Hinton, G. R. Wilson, R. F. Sternitsky, H. H.

Keifer, J. L. Gressitt, R. E. Blackwelder, P. C. Ting, T. Davis,

R. L. Usinger, and J. 0. Martin. Visitors present: W. Nutting,

J. Blum, K. A. Salman, A. E. Michelbacher, C. D. Duncan. Presi-

dent Essig in the chair.

After the transaction of business, Mr. A. E. Michelbacher, Dr.

K. A. Salman, and Mr. P. C. Ting were elected to membership in

the Society.

Dr Van Dyke read a report upon the death of one of the

Society’s charter members, Mr. J. G. Grundel, and by unanimous

vote of the group it was decided to incorporate the report in the

minutes.*

Mr. Charles Riedy, also a charter member, made a few appro-

priate remarks following Dr. Van Dyke’s report, and exhibited

a postal card on which the notice of the first meeting had been

sent. The card, dating back forty-two years, was passed around

and created considerable interest.

Mr. Dudley Moulton spoke of some of his recent work on the

Thysanoptera of South America and exhibited three of his papers

which had recently been published in Sao Paulo. Mr. Moulton

also discussed the final disposition of his very complete collec-

tion of Thysanoptera of the world.

Professor Essig then introduced the subject of entomological

literature and stated that in the combined libraries of the Uni-

*This report was published in the Pan-Pacific Entom., Vol. X, p. 48, 1934.

OCT., 1935]

PACIFIC COAST ENT. SOCIETY

189

versity of California, Californa Academy of Sciences, and Stan-

ford University, as complete a collection of entomological books

could be found as anywhere in the country. He then exhibited

some rare old books from his own personal library including an

original of De Geer.

Mr. Van Duzee followed with interesting comments and like-

wise exhibited old and rare items from his personal library.

Dr. Van Dyke pointed out the necessity of preserving the orig-

inal bindings on such books and stated that these were frequently

necessary to determine the date of publication.

After a general discussion of entomological books the meeting

adjourned. — J. 0. Martin, Secretary.

One Hundred and Thirty-fifth Meeting, March 3, 1934.

Meeting held at 2 p. m. in the entomological laboratories of

the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California.

Members present: E. 0. Essig, E. C. Van Dyke, E. P. Van Duzee,

R. E. Blackwelder, L. W. Saylor, C. C. Riedy, H. E. Burke, A.

Mead, J. Blum, E. G. Linsley, G. R. Wilson, H. H. Keifer, R. W.

Doane, R. L. Usinger, K. A. Salman, A. E. Michelbacher, G. R.

Struble, C. D. Duncan, P. C.; Ting, H. E. Hinton. Visitors pres-

ent: B. J. Hall, R. M Fonts, D. DeLeon, R. L. Furniss, L. D.

Cristenson, E. W. Jones, J. M. Miller, S. E. Flanders, J. C. Lindahl,

J. Bongberg, and F. R Platt. President Essig in the chair.

Mr. E. W. Jones was unanimously elected to membership in the

Society.

After the transaction of business it was decided that the Pacific

Coast Entomological Society would act as host to other entomo-

logical societies meeting in connection with the American Asso-

ciation for the Advancement of Sciences at Berkeley, in June.

Mr. Hartford Keifer presented a paper entitled “The Value

of Practical Insect Classification in Insect Control.” Mr. Keifer

reviewed the facilities available to the economic entomologist for

the identification of insects and made many practical suggestions

for increasing their usefulness.

Dr. H. E. Burke presented a review of his work with the

Division of Forest Insects of the United States Department of

Agriculture. Dr. Burke discussed knowledge of insecticides, con-

trol, and life-histories in 1900 and outlined the organization of the

Division under Dr. Hopkins. He then followed with an account

of some of the more important problems which had been worked

out during the thirty- two years of his association with the Depart-

ment. At the conclusion of his discussion, he exhibited numerous

drawings illustrating life-histories and stages of important forest

insects.

Following Dr. Burke’s paper there was considerable discussion

of color of insects and of methods of preserving larvae. The meet-

ing then adjourned. — E. G. Linsley, Secretary pro tern.

190

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XI, NO. 4

NOTES ON SOME CALIFORNIA BUTTERFLIES

BY WM. HOVANITZ

Berkeley, California

iTlNEIS CHRYXUS DbLDY. & HeW.

This typically Rocky Mountain species was taken for th,e first

time in California at a little over 9000 feet on Sonora Pass,

Alpine County, California, July 17, 1935. Some speculation

may be involved as to why this species has been found in such

an isolated colony, but when one compares chryxus with ivallda

Mead, found in like situations in other parts of the Sierra, it

is easy to see a close relationship between the two. Ivallda

seems to be only a pale race of chryxus with undoubtedly other

minor changes (Barnes and Benjamin list it as such). This

Sierran chryxus, though, differs from the Rocky Mountain form

in that there is a bold contrast between the colors. Very few

individuals have the dull merged colors of the typical chryxus

although there are some of the latter with bold markings. How

constant this is will have to be determined. This same situation

is also true of Neominois ridingsii Edw., which some years ago

was found to fly at high elevations in the Southern Sierra. Cali-

fornia specimens have the dark colors boldly contrasted with

the white, the ocelli are larger and the white band on the upper

side of the secondaries is continuous, in Rocky Mountain speci-

mens it is usually broken by dark colored veins.

Although the range of both ridingsii and chryxus in Cali-

fornia may be somewhat greater than now supposed, it is hoped

that too heavy collecting upon these grounds will not take place

as the races should not be exterminated. In late years the fad

of series collecting has caused the wiping out of many large

colonies of rare butterflies, in fact, I know of collectors obtain-

ing as many as five hundred specimens at the same place within

a few days. It is true that one must obtain a large series in

order to show the variations in the species, but they need not

be all taken at the same place at the same time. An interval

of a few seasons would allow the colony to recuperate. Chryxus,

especially, must have a very limited range as the area around

there has been collected for many years but the butterfly had

OCT., 1935]

H OVANITZ— BUTTERFLIES

191

never been found. Maybe some day the government will take

a hand in the protection of these beautiful things as it does with

the birds and flowers.

EuRYMUS ALEXANDRA EDWARDSII FORM 2 HATUI B. AND B.

This is the albino female of the typical edwardsii. One

specimen was taken in a creek bed near Likely, Modoc County,

California, along with other typical yellow specimens. The

albino probably has never been taken in California before.

Brephidium exilie Scud.

This tiny butterfly, which, in California, has been thought

to be found only in the southern part of the state seems to have

a much wider distribution. I have taken several specimens along

the desert roads in Lassen County, near Litchfield, and through-

out the sage lands of the plateaus of eastern Lassen and Modoc

counties. It may have been introduced and seems to be quite

common. It has also been taken or seen at times in gardens

throughout the San Francisco Bay District, and Mr. R. Bohart

records it at an elevation of 10,600 feet on Mt. Conness in

Tuolumne County, California, so it undoubtedly has a much

larger range than was formerly supposed.

Euphydryas baroni Edw. and E. editha Bdv.

Some controversy has been going on as to what the speci-

mens found around San Francisco Bay, belonging to this group,

are. If one will notice that the type locality of baroni is Men-

docino County and of editha is the southern Coast Range or the

Sierra Nevada (probably Kem County) , it will no doubt occur

to him that San Francisco is quite far from either of these

places. We might expect San Francisco specimens to be inter-

mediate in character, and by comparison with specimens from

the type localities, this is shown to be the fact. The San Fran-

cisco form is not deserving of a name so it will have to go by

the one that seems to fit the individual insect the best. If simple

facts such as this will only be used by our Lepidopterists, much

confusion and disorder would be avoided. One fact that many

seem to overlook is that a single species may vary throughout

its geographical range. This is, of course, very generally ac-

cepted by scientists for it is a basis for the evolution of species.

Especially is this true in the west where our species are in a

plastic state.

192

THE PAN-PACIPIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XI, NO. 4

There are many influences which effect these geographical

forms and account in part for their distribution. (1) genetical

change instituted by some climatic factor, (2) pure mendelism,

(3) physiological changes caused by climate or host, (4) muta-

tion, (5) the persistance of a species in a remnant of a flora

which may have had a much wider range than it has today. An

example of the latter is Parnassius clodius in Marin County,

California, where, as a species quite separated from its usual

range, it is still surviving in connection with) a localiized flora

which is a direct descendant of a Miocene forest. — (Carnegie Inst.

Bull. 415).

A New Work on Shade Tree Insects

Herrick, Glenn W., Insect Enemies of Shade Trees. Comstock

Publishing Company, Inc., Ithaca, N. Y., 1935. Price $5.00.

This is a beautifully printed octavo volume of 417 pages,

illustrated by one plate and 321 text figures. There is an inter-

esting chapter on the value of shade trees, one on materials for

control of insects and one on the treatment of weakened trees.

These are followed by 27 chapters on the insect enemies of the

more popular shade trees. Under each tree is an account of

its principal insect enemies, including a description of the injury

they inflict, their life history and control, and in most cases one

or more excellent cuts serve to identify the pest. We notice

th,at Dr. Herrick has adopted the common but erroneous use of

the term Hemiptera in place of Heteroptera. The former name

having been established by Linnseus to include both the Heterop-

tera and Homoptera, there is no justification for confining the

name to one of the suborders founded later by Latreille.

While treating mostly of eastern species our western insect

pests have not been neglected. The book can be heartily recom-

mended for the use of those having the care of shade trees. —

E. P. Van Duzee.

Dates of Publication, 1935

No. 1 of Volume XI of the Pan-Pacific Entomologist was

mailed March 23, 1935; No. 2, July 5, 1935; No. 3, October 8,

1935 and No. 4, January 10, 1936.

OCT., 1935]

INDEX TO VOLUME XI

193

Acanthoderes peninsularis Horn,

74.

Acmseodera latiflava Fall, 61.

Adaleres flandersi Van D., 8.

Adoxomyia, key to, 62.

appressa Janies, 63.

claripennis James, 62.

texana James, 63.

^neis chryxus D. & H., 190.

Ambrysus mormon Montd., 155.

Anilloferonia Van D., 115.

lanei Hatch, 116.

Anthophora s. calif orniensis

Mchn, 182.

Apamea keiferi Benj., 55.

Apatela lepusculina Gn., 145.

leporina Linn., 152.

1. cretatoides Benj., 155.

Apateticus anatarius Van D., 27.

Aphididffi, 135, 156.

Aphis nigragregalis Knltn., 137.

zoarchbursara Knltn., 139.

zonassa Knltn., 138.

Aphodius dilaticollis Sayl., 80.

essigi Sayl., 134.

Atoposmia Ckll., 50.

key to species, 51.

Bailey, S. F., paper by, 163.

Banasa subcarnea Van D., 26.

Bates, M., paper by, 103.

Bees of Calif., 49, 178.

Benjamin, papers by, 55, 145.

Blaisdell, F. E., paper by, 125.

Brachyrhininse, 1, 83.

Brephidium exile Scud., 191.

Butterflies of Calif., notes, 190.

Carabidse of B. C., 120.

Ceraspis pilatei Har., 40.

Cerophytum convexicolle Lee.,

24.

Chamberlin, J. C., paper by, 37.

Chirothrips secalis Mltn., 173.

Cicindela v. interjecta Horn, 65.

Cimbocera, key to, 1.

cinerea Van D., 1.

robusta Van D., 2.

Cinara cbamberlini Knltn., 140.

Cockerell, T. D. A., papers by,

41, 49.

Coenonycha stobleri Sayl., 102.

Cybeeus, key to, 129.

ebaudius Exl., 131.

batebi Exl., 130.

olympiae Exl., 129.

Dasyfidonia a. macdunnougbi

Gudt., 39.

Dianthidium s. perluteum Ckll.,

23.

Diplotaxis falli Sayl., 35.

Doudoroff, M., paper by, 144.

Ebeling, W., paper by, 21.

Elasmostethus cooleyi Van D.,

177.

Esebatomoxys Blsd., 125.

wagneri Blsd., 125.

Essig, E. 0., paper by, 156.

Euphydryas baroni Edwds., 144.

191.

editha Bdv., 191.

q. rubyae Hower, 82.

Eurymus a. e. hatui B. & B.,

191.

Euthysanius brevis Sloop, 19.

lautus Lee., 20.

Exline, H., paper by, 129.

Flanders, S. E., papers by, 79,

175.

Frankliniella citri Mltn., 170.

conspicua Mltn., 173.

insignis Mltn., 170.

obscura Mltn., 172.

venusta Mltn., 172.

yuccae Mltn., 171.

Guedet, E., paper by, 39.

Hatch, M. H., papers by, 115,

118.

Helichus confluentus Hntn., 71.

musgravei Hntn., 69.

propinquus Hntn., 68.

tboracicus Hntn., 67.

Herrick, G. W., book by, 192.

Hesperochernes montanus

Chmbl., 37.

Hicks, C. H., paper by, 97.

Hinton, H. E., paper by, 67.

Hopping, R., paper by, 75.

Horn, W., paper by, 65.

Hovanitz, W., paper by, 190.

Hower, T. W., paper by, 82.

Hydrophilidse of B. C., 123.

Hypothenemus citri Ebl., 21.

James, M. T., paper by, 62.

Keifer, H. H., notes by, 114, 142.

Knowlton, G. F., paper by, 135.

194

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[vOL. XI, NO. 4

Lange, W. H., notes by, 85, 155.

Lange, W. H., paper by, 57.

Leach, E. R., note by, 169.

Leech, H. B., paper by, 120.

Leptohoplia Sayl., 132.

testaceipennis Sayl., 133.

Limonius ulkei Horn, 64.

Lindall, J. C., note by, 61.

Linsley, E. G., notes by, 15, 81.

Linsley, E. G., papers by, 11, 72.

Macrosiphum sporadicum Knltn.,

135.

Mantispid, 119.

Melanolemma Van D., 5.

montana Van D., 5.

Malazenotus grossus Van D., 28.

Melzer, Julius, necrology, 81.

Meristhus cristatus Horn, 64.

Michener, C. D., papers by, 23,

178.

Micromyzus alliumcepa Essig,

157.

oliveri Essig, 160.

violse Perg., fig., 157.

Microvelia horni Uhl., 114.

Miloderes argenteus Van D., 4.

Mimetes Schrnk, key, 83.

lanei Van D., 86.

Monillipatrobus Hatch, 118.

Mycterus, revision of, 75.

elongata Hpng., 77.

Neobellamira sequoise Hpng., 15.

Nesodes LinsL, 72.

insularis Linsl., 73.

Noctuidse, genitalia of, 57.

Nomius pygmseus Lee., 119.

Okanagana sperata Van D., 25.

Omias albus Van D., 96.

Osmia abdominalis Mchn., 184.

albomarginatus Ckll., 49.

arefacta Ckll., 42.

enceliae Ckll., 43.

gracilis Mchn., 183.

hemizoniae Ckll., 47.

palmarum Ckll., 48.

phaceliarum Ckll., 45.

robustula Ckll., 44.

shastensis Ckll., 46.

timberlakei Ckll., 41.

triodonta Ckll., 50.

viguierae Ckll., 44.

xerophila Ckll., 45.

Pacific Coast Ent. Soc., Proc.,

185.

Panscopus johnsoni Van D., 9.

Panurginus ceanothi Mchn., 180.

emarginatus Mchn., 179.

maritimus Mchn., 179.

nigrihirtus Mchn., 179.

Paratochus, key to, 93.

setiferus Van D., 93.

uniformis Van D., 95.

Peritaxia brevipilis Van D., 6.

Personals, 134.

Phileurus Hiatus Lee., 169.

Phyllophaga dentex Bates, 66.

Plastocerinae, 17.

Plastocerus maclayi Sloop, 17.

pullus Sloop, 18.

Platypedia sierra Wym., 143.

Plebejus pheres Bdv., 144.

Plecoptera, papers on, 30.

Pleocoma bicolor Lnsl., 11.

behrensi Lee., 14.

shastensis Van D., 15.

sonomae Linsl., 12.

tularensis Leach, 13.

Pogonocherus arizonicus Schf.,

15.

Pseudogaurax signatus Lw., 142.

Psydrus Lee., 118.

piceus Lee., 119.

Ptiochiomera caeca Van D., 174.

mumfordi Van D., 174.

Sandalus californicus Lee., 24.

Saylor, L. W., papers by, 35, 80,

102, 132.

Saylor, L. W., notes by, 40, 66.

Scarabaeidae, notes on, 35.

Sciopithes, key to, 87.

intermedius Van D., 90.

insularis Van D., 90.

sordidus Van D., 91.

Shade tree insects, review, 192.

Sloop, K. D., notes by, 24, 64.

Sloop, K. D., paper by, 17.

Sphecid wasps, 97.

Spiders, 129.

Stenoptochus vanduzeei Van D.,

95.

Symphrasis signata Hagen, 119.

Tanymecus texanus Van D., 86.

Tephrella, key to, 104.

euarestoides Bates, 106.

semilucida Bates, 111.

Thysanoptera of Calif., 163, 170.

Trichogramma, notes on, 79,

175.

OCT., 1935]

INDEX TO VOLUME XI

195

Trichoptera, paper on, rev., 29.

Trypetidse, notes on, 103.

Typhloleiodes Hatch, 116.

subterraneus Hatch, 116.

Van Duzee, E. P., notes by, 16,

174, 177, 192.

Van Duzee, E. P., papers by, 25,

29.

Van Dyke, E. C., papers by, 1,

83.

Wilcox, J., paper by, 31.

Willistonina bilineata Wlshm.,

31.

b. nigrofemorata Wlcx., 33.

Woglum, R. S., note by, 119.

Wymore, F. H., paper by, 143.

Zelleria haimbachi Busk, 82.

THE

Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Published by the

Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in co-operation with

The California Academy of Sciences

VOLUME ELEVEN

1935

San Francisco, California

1935

CONTENTS OF VOLUME XI

Bailey, Stanley F.

A list of the Thysanoptera of California 163

Bates, Marston,

Notes on American Trypetidae, III,

The Genus Tephrella 103

Benjamin, Foster H.,

An Anomalous New Species of Moth from California 55

Notes on the Lepusculina-Leporina Series of Apatela 145

Blaisdell, F. E.,

A New Triorophid from Death Valley, California 125

Chamberlin, Joseph C.,

A New Species of False Scorpion from a Bird’s Nest

in Montana 37

Cockerell, T. D. A.,

Some California Bees 41, 49

Doudoroff, M.,

Notes on Two Local Butterflies 144

Ebeling, Walter,

A New Scolytid Beetle found in the bark of Lemon

Trees 21

Essig, E. 0.,

California Aphididae, New Cloudy-veined Species 156

Exline, Harriet,

Three New Species of Cybaeus 129

Flanders, Stanley E.,

Two Described Species of Trichogramma Validated.... 79

Host Influence on the Prolificacy and Size of Tricho-

gramma 175

Guedet, Edward,

A New Race of Dasyfidonia Avuncularia Gn 39

Hatch, Melville H.,

Two Remarkable Blind Beetles from Northeastern

Oregon 115

Monillipatrobus Hatch a Synonym of Psydrus Lee 118

Hicks, Charles H.,

Notes on Rare Western Sphecid Wasps 97

Hinton, Howard E,,

New Species of North American Helichus 67

Hopping, Ralph,

Revision of the Genus Mycterus Clairv 75

Ill

Horn, Walther,

On Some Cicindelae from the Pacific Coast of Mexico,

the West Indies and United States 65

Hovanitz, Wm.,

Notes on Some California Butterflies 190

Hower, Theo. W.,

A New California Butterfly 82

James, Maurice T.,

The Nearctic Species of Adoxomyia 62

Knowlton, George F.,

Notes on Western Aphids 135

Lange, W. Harry,

The Terminology of the Male Genitalia of the Noc-

tuidae 57

Leech, Hugh B.,

British Columbia Species of Carabidae and

Hydrophilidae 120

Linsley, E. Gorton,

New Species of Plecoma with Notes Concerning Others 11

Cerambycidae from the Revillagegedo Islands, Mexico 72

Michener, Charles D.,

A Note on Dianthidium singulare perluteum Ckll 23

Bees from Coastal Northern California 178

Pacific Coast Entomological Society, Proceedings 185

Saylor, Lawrence W.,

Studies in American Scarabidae, II 35

A New Aphodius of the Cadaverinus Group 80

A New Coenonycha from Nevada 102

A New Genus and Two New Species of Coleoptera

from California 132

Sloop, Kenneth D.,

Three New Species of Plastocerinae with Notes Con-

cerning Others 17

Van Duzee, E.P.,

Four Hitherto Undescribed Hemiptera 25

Some Recent Neuropteroid Papers 29

Van Dyke, Edwin C.,

New Species of North American Weevils in the Family

Curculionidae, Subfamily Brachyrhininae 1, 83

Wilcox, J.,

Description of the Male of Willistonina bilineata

Together with a New Form 31

Wymore, F. H.,

A New Species of Platypedia 143

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