THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

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PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

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Published at the California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park,

San Francisco, California.

Entered as second-class matter, February 10, 1925, at the postoffice at

San Francisco, California, under Act of August 24, 1912.

The Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Vol. XII. No. 1 January, 1936

NOTES ON TWO OXYBELID WASPS IN

SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA

BY FRANCIS X. WILLIAMS

Honolulu, T. H.

OxYBELUS QUADRINOTATUS Say, var. MONTANUS Robertson

(1889)

(Fig. 1, female)

This little sand wasp is still common and widely distributed

in San Francisco, for it can withstand to a considerable degree

the encroachments of civilization, accommodating itself to large

gardens with, sandy soil and sunny exposure and finding sufficient

flies with which to provision its nest hole. The writer remem-

bers it in the early nineties, when as a small boy he watched it

nesting in the sandy backyard of the house tenanted by the large

Williams family.

Oxybelus is a very sturdy roughly sculptured wasp some %

millimeters long and the black color of which is relieved by pairs

of whitish spots on the abdomen. The female digs moderately

deep sloping burrows of several cells. She bites loose the sand

wh,ich she scoops and brushes out with her strong legs so that a

little heap of sand accumulates before the tunnel. The cells are

stuffed with appropriate flies that have been rendered helpless,

probably through stinging. The common housefly is often util-

ized by the wasp. I have also found an Anthomyid^ stored in her

burrow as well as two species of relatively large flies of the family

Therevidae.^

On leaving her burrow Oxybelus stoppers up the entrance

with sand so that on her return laden with her fly victim, she

may be obliged to search a bit to locate the plugged up tunnel

which she immediately digs open. However, she never releases

h,er hold on the limp and slightly twitching prey that protrudes

well beyond ber abdomen.

* Helemyia fusciceps Leth., probably. Unfortunately there were no males

for absolute determination.

-Thereva comata Loew and Thereva vanduzeei Cole., I am indebted to Mr.

E. P. Van Duzee of the California Academy of Sciences for these determinations.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[vOL. XII, NO. 1

The manner in which Oxybelus carries her prey has been

observed by a number of competent entomologists, both in Europe

and in the United States. It may vary with the species, or even

at times, in the species. Observations on this phase of the wasp’s

activities are usually made when the burdened wasp is maneuver-

ing about h,er burrow. Dr. J. B. Parker’s careful studies on

Oxybelus quadrinotatus Say (Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., XVII, 1915,

pp. 74, 75, pi. XI, Fig. 9) show that this insect carries her prey

impaled on her sting and that, at least when resting on the

ground her six legs are free^ Regarding the San Franciscan

Oxybelus I quote from Mr. C. L. Fox (Pan-Pacific Entomologist

III, 1927, No. 4, p. 198) : “In the backyard garden of my home

in San Francisco I have been observing this quick fly-catching

wasp. It was burrowing into the ground whilst, with its third

pair of legs, it firmly grasped a stout fly {Lucilia ccesar L.) . The

victim was much larger, with its wfiole body projecting behind

the little wasp, presenting a very curious appearance. ... It is

probably a western form of 0. quadrinotatus Say.” The present

writer, using a method of observation employed also by other

entomologists, i.e. that of clapping a small glass container over

a burdened Oxybelus that is searching for her stoppered burrow,

noticed that O. quadrinotatus, var. montanus at Lone Moun-

tain, San Francisco, carried her prey headfirst on downbent sting

that impaled it on the thorax. Then, all the wasp’s legs were

plainly seen to be free of the load but, presumably to secure a

fresh fiold on her prey she would grasp it with one or more pairs

of legs, bend the tip of her body against the fly, in this case a

therevid, and then impale it with her sting. Dr. Ch. Ferton (Ann.

Soc. Ent. France, LXXI, 1902, pp. 516, 517), referring to Oxybelus

\^-notatus Oliv. is in agreement with Shuckard and Gerstaecker, in

stating that this little wasp, perhaps because of her small size,

carries her prey clasped against her underside by means of her

posterior legs and that sh,e is thus able to easily enter her burrow

that is left open on going to the chase. And Ferton found on

the other hand that the species of Oxybelus that carry their prey

by holding it with the sting and the two posterior feet, cover

up their nest on going out, but having the two anterior pairs of

* Of interest in this connection is an observation by Dr. E. T. Nielson (Ent.

Meddelelser, XVIII, 3, 1933, (p. 272), who found that Crdbo {Crossocerus)

elongatuLus v.d. Linden carried her fly prey by means of both her stins: and

her legs.

JANUARY, 1936]

WILLIAMS— OXYBELID WASPS

legs free, are easily able to dig open the tunnel without loosing

hold of their prey. In this case the fore part of the prey does

not extend anterior to the base of the wasp’s abdomen and thus

little interferes with digging.

The cocoon of Oxyhelus is stout and composed of agglutinized

sand grains.

In San Francisco Oxyhelus sometimes falls a victim to PhiU

anthus californicus Cresson, a larger fossorial wasp that pro-

visions her nest hole with various small wasps and with small

bees.

I am indebted to Dr. V. S. L. Pate of Cornell University for

determining these two wasps and for references and other data

relating to the Oxybelidae.

Belomicrus franciscus Pate

(Fig. 2, female, 2 A, Trichochrous antennatus, its prey)

Belomicrus franciscus is a tiny and thickset wasp about 5

millimeters long that was described by Dr. V. S. L. Pate (Ent.

News, XLIII, pp. 77-78, 1931) from specimens collected by the

writer at Lone Mountain, San Francisco, California, in 1930.

Since Dr. Pate states (l.c., p. 77) that: “Hitherto nothing has

been known concerning the biology of any Belomicrus save a

few scattered flower records” it may be of interest to present

my fragmentary observations on B. franciscus, much as they

were written down in 1930 and thus before the wasp’s particular

habitat had been greatly altered by the hand of man.

“Lone Mountain” known in the days of Spanish occupation

as “El Divisadero” is a sand-covered hillock about 468 feet above

sea level. It supports a variety of low vegetation and is relatively

rich in wasp life. The east and southeast slopes appear most

favorable for wasps and insects in general. Belomicrus franciscus

is one of the more than 40 species of aculeate or stinging wasps

still to be found in this oasis. It was not infrequently seen in

late April and in May, 1930, sunning itself on a tiny path, pa-

tronizing the flowers of the little sand mat {Panataccena ramosis-

sima H. & A., Caryophyllaceae), or engaged in nesting activities.

Several females were observed in a small area excavating their

burrows in the sand. Unlike Oxyhelus, its larger relative, Belomi-

crus does not use her legs to throw the sand behind and out of her

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XII, NO. 1

burrow, although at the beginning of operations she may employ

the forelegs a bit to help clear the nesting site. The hind por-

tion of h,er cheeks, the underside of her mandibles and the fore

coxae and femora are provided with a rather sparse comb of

long gently curved bristles that when used together constitute

an effective psammophore or sand carrier. She first detaches the

sand, probably with her jaws, and then, no doubt using her combs

of bristles, grabs up a load of sand between mouth and chest and

rises obliquely backwards with the load which sh,e releases at

the moment of swinging obliquely downwards to her burrow.

The insect is so small and active however, that her exact modus

operandi is difiicult to follow. These flights, each of several

inches, are repeated again and again so that Belomicrus is soon

plunging out of sight into her deepening burrow. Note, how-

ever, that she always backs out of the burrow and maintains this

backwards position, flying tail first obliquely upwards and return-

ing headfirst obliquely downwards. Thus, the extracted sand

is not heaped up at the mouth of the tunnel but is scattered from

the air. Making a burrow sometimes requires part of at least

two days, particularly when there is dull weather intervening.

I was not successful in tracing the burrows through the sand;

these cannot be deep and they probably have several cells each,.

When the wasp has finished excavating, at least for the time

being, she issues headfirst from her burrow, as do other wasps

under like circumstances.

Belomicrus stores her burrow with T richochrous antennatus

Mots* (Melyridae), a small beetle abundant on certain flowers,

as Eschscholtzia (poppy) and some compositae. Perhaps other

species of the large genus Trichochrous are also used by our

wasp. Several prey laden Belomicrus were noted as they halted

for a rest some distance from their burrows, when, clasping the

immobile beetle beneath their body they would lose balance and

keel over on the sand. But after a brief rest the wasp flies to

her open tunnel, which she enters without a pause.

By stopping up the burrow of a Belomicrus immediately after

she had gone foraging, I was able to secure the returning wasp

with, her beetle prey, by placing a glass vial or a jelly tumbler

over her while she vainly sought to locate the burrow, but main-

* Identified by Dr. F. E. Blaisdell, Sr.

JANUARY, 1936]

WILLIAMS— OX YBELID WASPS

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[vOL. XII, NO. 1

taining the while her hold on the beetle. Since Belomicrus sev-

eral times exceeds her prey in bulk, it follows that a number of

beetles are stored in each cell as food for the wasp grub.

This wasp was not observed filling up her burrow after it

has been provisioned. Doubtless, however, the legs would be

employed here for scraping.

TWO WATER BEETLES THAT LAY THEIR EGGS IN THE

FROTHY EGG MASSES OF A FROG OR TREE TOAD^

BY F. X. WILLIAMS

Honolulu, T. H.

During the wet season of 1934, at Escuintla, Guatemala, the

writer on separate occasions gathered portions of masses of white

froth in certain of the more or less shaded rain puddles by the

roadside. These foamy masses formed a sort of wet float and

protective covering for the large number of eggs imbedded in

them, the whole being deposited by a certain amphibian, prob-

ably a tree toad.

They were sometimes fastened to objects in the puddles but

were more common along the banks at the water line or, with

receding waters, some little distance above them. When placed

in a jar of water these masses usually yielded tadpoles within

a day or two; these tadpoles soon sought the bottom remaining

quiet there, although sometimes dashing about. In addition to

tadpoles, however, portions of four different froth masses gath-

ered on different dates produced a number of larvae of a dytiscid

beetle. These larvae were about 5 mm. long, exclusive of ap-

pendages, at the start and much resembled those of our Hawaiian

Rhantus pad ficus, being similarly protected by dark chitinous

plates, and were likewise graceful swimmers, though in no wise

equalling the tadpoles in speed. For the most part they hung

jaws agape, at the surface, breathing at the tail end of the body.

But they quickly attacked the tadpoles, catching them suddenly

*Two species of Dytiscidce are here involved. Young larvoe sent to the

Bureau of Entomology, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington,

D. C., were referred to the subfamily Colymbetinaa, Rhantus (Calidus F. ?), while

a large larva with a long tubiform terminal segment w;as referred to Colymbe-

tinffi (near Eybius).

JANUARY, 1936]

BEAMER— NEW DIKRANEURA

in their sickle-like jaws, soon quieting their violent struggles,

and sucking out the juices. They strove to gain the surface with

th,eir heavy prey so as to feed at leisure and to take in air at

the same time. When one small dytiscid larva encountered

another, they separated in a gingerly manner; half afraid, half

belligerent. Neither really wanted to start anything. Never-

theless, sooner or later, one consumed the other until at last but

a single larva remained. As the larva grows, it sheds its skin,

so that eventually it is at least a half inch long.

A portion of one of the tree toad’s egg-masses was dissected

out and several dytiscid beetle eggs were found in the froth. In

this manner th,e beetle larva is assured an abundance of food that

will enable it to complete its transformation in a fair proportion

of these often very temporary puddles.

TWO NEW DIKRANEURA FROM THE SOUTHWEST

BY R H. BEAMER*

Dikraneura mera Reamer, n. sp.

Resembling D. maculata Gill, but much smaller and orange

markings of vertex and pronotum distinctly different. Length,

2 mm.

Vertex, long, bluntly angled, distinctly wider between eyes than

median length. Head narrower than pronotum.

Color white with orange and bright red markings. Vertex

with an orange inverted U-shaped spot surrounding apex, often

with 3 white spots at base formed by very narrow orange marks.

Pronotum with pair of orange, almost equilateral triangles, on

disc, apices directed posteriorly. Scutellum with tip yellowish.

Elytra spotted with orange and bright red dots. The former

larger and fewer in number. Clavus with 3 orange spots in a

curve from base to middle, smallest at base, apex with brighter

red spot with smaller red dot between it and mesal spot. Corium

with fifteen (more or less) small, round, bright red dots; scattered

here and there from humeral angle to apex. Apex slightly in-

fuscated.

Genitalia. Male plates broad at base, rapidly narrowed on

basal half to less than half basal width, remainder with sides

almost parallel, tips rounded. Pygofer with short sharp apical

♦University of Kansas, Department of Entomology, Lawrence, Kansas.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XII, NO. 1

spine projecting slightly dorsad. Aedeagus long and narrow, bent

dorsally on basal fourth, narrowed to sharp apex on outer fourth.

Holotype, male, allotype, female, and numerous paratypes.

San Diego, Calif. August 7, 1935, R. H. Reamer.

Dikraneura santana Reamer, n. sp.

Resembling D. ruhens Reamer but easily separated from it

by having a round black dot in the apex of the wing, by the

much sharper vertex, and by being more nearly orange colored

throughout. Length,, 3 mm.

Vertex acute, less than a right angle, slightly longer mesally

than width between eyes, disk almost flat, slightly concave next

each eye.

General ground color semihyaline to yellowish white, mark-

ings orange. Vertex with lateral margins and median longitudinal

stripe on basal half white. Pronotum with 3 dashes on anterior

margin, median often continued almost to tip of scutellum. Elytra

almost concolorous, clavus often with white vittse on claval suture;

corium with semihyaline median longitudinal dash more or less

apparent and a round black spot on vein M3, near crossveins.

Genitalia. Aedeagus with long shaft evenly and slightly curved

dorsally, with a pair of processes arising on dorsal side almost

at base about one-third as long as shaft, diverging from each

other and from the shaft on their outer half.

Holotype, male, allotype, female, 7 female and 3 male para-

types, Patagonia, Arizona, August 21, 1935, R. H. Reamer. Eleven

females and 2 males, Santa Rita Mts., Arizona, July 17, 1934,

R. H. and J. D. Reamer.

Types of both species in Snow Entomological Collection.

E. P. Van Duzee

Mr. E. P. Van Duzee, the editor of the Pan-Pacific Entomolo-

gist, was very ill during the time that this number was being

printed. He is now on the road toward recovery.

JANUARY, 1936]

BOHART— STYLOPS

A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF THE GENUS STYLOPS

IN CALIFORNIA (PART I)

(Strepsiptera, Stylopidse)

BY RICHARD M. BOHART

University of California, Davis

Genus Stylo ps Kirby

Stylops Kirby, 1802, Monographia Apum Anglise, vol. 2.

Stylops Saunders, 1872, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lend., nn. I-A8.

Stylops Pierce, 1909, U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 66.

N eostylops Pierce, 1918, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc. vol. 54.

Since the publication of several papers on Strepsiptera by

W. D. Pierce, the taxonomy of the North American members of

this interesting group of insects b,as been neglected. In the

present paper an attempt is made to bring more nearly up to

date one of the larger genera, Stylops.

The prominent generic characters of Stylops are: in the male,

six-segmented antennae with the third segment produced, four-

segmented clawless tarsi, a large postlumbium, and a scutellum

which is at least as long as the prescutum; in the female, five

genital tubes, and a brood passage which extends to the sides of

the head or almost so; and in the triungulinid, three ocelli, a

body clothed with, spines of two sizes, and two apical stylets.

Pierce, 1918, erected the genus N eostylops for species in which

the scutellum does not separate the scutae. Although of excel-

lent specific value, this character is so completely unsupported

by other distinctions in either sex that in the writer’s opinion

it is not deserving of generic rank.

In the matter of host specificity the writer has found that in

many cases Stylops are parasitic upon two or more similar

species of Andrena.

The worker in Strepsiptera is confronted with, the great diffi-

culty of obtaining material. Particularly is this true of the

males, which furnish the best diagnostic characters. Females

may be taken in considerable numbers by assiduous collecting

but have relatively few specific characters. In the past three

years the writer has been fortunate enough to examine about

thirty male Stylops of half a dozen different species. The most

definite and constant structure is the aedeagus which, should be

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yOL. XII, NO. 1

removed and mounted on a slide for microscopic study. In

addition the relative lengths of the six antennal segments and

the shape of the metathoracic parts are of great determinative

value.

The specific differences of female Stylo ps lie in the shape

of the cephalothorax including its relative measurements, the

mandibles, the shape of the basal band, and the general mark-

ings. Each, of these is unfortunately subject to variation, and

as a result, most species can be properly characterized only from

a series of specimens.

A key to the males is given in the present paper which in-

cludes four new species. In a later paper (Part 2) a number of

additional species will be described and a key to the females

will be presented.

Types and paratypes are to be deposited in the California

Academy of Sciences from which a number of Stylopized Andrena

have been borrowed for study.

To date the male Stylo ps of only four species have been

described from North America. Two of these, childreni Gray^

and solidulce Pierce^ are unsatisfactorily described. Hence they

are not included in the following key.

Partial Key to the Males of the Genus Stylops

IN North America

1. Scutellum reaching almost to the prescutum 2

... Scutellum with its anterior margin distinct, not reaching al-

most to the prescutum, but leaving a detinite ana depressed

bridge between the scutse 4

2. Apical process of sedeagus relatively long and slender; scutel-

lum roughly wedge-shaped, not depresed or pedunculate an-

teriorly cuneiformis Bohart

... Apical process of aedeagus relatively short and stout; scutel-

lum pedunculate and strongly depressed anteriorly 3

3. Species very stout timberlakei Bohart

... Species slender pacificus Bohart

4. Prescutum about as long as the scutellum, broadly and sharply

truncate behind shannoni Pierce

... Prescutum distinctly shorter than the scutellum 5

5. Apical margin of sedeagus less than one-half the length of the

main axis ; fourth antennal segment only slightly shorter than

^ 1832, Cuvier’s Animal Kingdom, Griffith edn., XV (Insects Vol. 2), p.

684, pi. 59.

2 1909, U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 66, p. 107.

JANUARY, 1936]

BOHART— STYLOPS

the fifth and sixth together medionitans Pierce

... Apical margin of sedeagus two-thirds the length of the main

axis; apical process very long, slender, and tanering; fourth

antennal segment distinctly shorter than the fifth and sixth

together 6

6. Fourth antennal segment shorter than the sixth; sedeagus nar-

rowly incised behind the process vandykei Bohart

... Fourth antennal segment longer than the sixth; sedeagus not

so incised crawfordi Pierce

Stylops vandykei Bohart, new species

(Figs. 7, 11, 14, 18, and 21)

This species is remarkable for its large size, particularly in

th,e female, which may attain a length of nine mm. and a spirac-

ular breadth of one and three-quarters mm. In the male the

sixth antennal segment is longer than either the fourth or fifth.

The scutae are broadly connected and the scutellum is broadly

flattened dorsally. The process of the sedeagus is elongate. Th,e

female possesses a prominent basal mandibular tubercle, a gen-

eral convexity of cephalothoracic outline, and a straight anterior

margin of the basal band.

Vandykei is the largest species of the genus thus far described.

An extensive series of females has been studied and considerable

variation exists in the size of the cephalothorax depending upon

the size of the host.

Dr. E. C. Van Dyke collected the species many years ago in

Berkeley and I take pleasure in naming it in his honor.

Male. Black, wing veins and abdomen fuscous, tibise and tarsi

testaceous, wings milky. Head small, strongly depressed medially;

eyes relatively small; mandibles slightly curved, obtusely pointed;

antennal segments three to six with the length ratio 83:41:30:50

respectively. Metathorax consisting dorsally of two raised areas

separated in the middle by the depressed postlumbium, compressed

strongly at the sides in front of and behind the postlumbium;

metaprescutum dorsally flattened and almost quadrangular; scutae

broadly connected by a depressed median area; scutellum large,

flattened dorsally, and broadly rounded anteriorly; postlumbium

almost triangular, about as wide as long; hypoepimera large,

rounded laterally and flattened dorsally. .iEdeagus bent at an

acute angle, apical process very long, apical margin of sedeagus two-

thirds the length of the main axis. Length excluding antennse,

3.7 mm.; length of antennse, 0.81 mm.; width of head, 0.82 mm.;

length of elytra, 0.45 mm.; wing expanse, 7.7 mm.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[vOL. XII, NO. 1

Male puparium cap. Antennae represented by a pair of oval

rings separated from each other by three times their breadth;

mandibles separated by twice their breadth; maxillae separated by

less than their breadth ; eye sockets small, separated by three times

their breadth.

Female. Cephalothorax almost evenly ferrugino-testaceous ex-

cept for the fuscous basal band. Cephalothorax about as long as

broad, apex rounded, lateral margins convex, slightly irregular and

constricted at the base of the molars; base of head not broad (0.61

times width at spiracles), mouth hemispherical, each mandible with

a stout blunt apical tooth and a prominent basal tubercle on the

outer edge below the middle, mandible incurved between outer apex

and basal tubercle; spiracles small and exceeding the margins;

basal band short, three times as wide as long, straight along the

anterior margin.^ Width of cephalothorax at spiracles, 1.58 mm.;

width at base of mandibles, 0.60 mm.; width at base of head, 0.97

mm.; width at base of cephalothorax, 1.27 mm.; length from front

edge of spiracles to apex, 1.11 mm.; length of cephalothorax,

1.56 mm.

Triungulinid. Body oblong-ovate, widest at the middle ; length

of body excluding stylets, 0.247 mm.; length of stylets, 0.152 mm.;

width of head, 0.049 mm.

Holotype. Male, Berkeley, California, March, 12, 1935. Allo-

type. Female, Berkeley, California, February 11, 1934. Para-

types, two males and eight females. All type material col-

lected in Berkeley by G. E. Bohart and the author.

Host. Andrena perimelas Ckll. (Berkeley) and Andrena car-

liniformis Ckll. (Klamath Lake, Oregon), (det. by P. H. Timber-

lake) . Perimelas bas been taken on both Brassica and Ranunculus.

Occurrence in California. The only Californian records are

from the San Francisco Bay region where it occurs from the

middle of February to the middle of April. Triungulinids appear

upon the bees about the first of April.

Stylops medionitans Pierce

(Figs. 4, 8, 13, 17, and 19)

Stylops medionitans Pierce, 1918, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. Vol. 54, p. 450

This species has not been heretofore figured and the male is

undescribed. The characteristic features in th,e male are the

broadly connected scutae, tbe relative lengths of the antennal

^Measurements adopted from Pierce, 1918, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. Vol. 54.

JANUARY, 1936]

BOHART— STYLOPS

segments, and particularly the form of the aedeagus. The cepha-

lothorax of the female is broad and blunt, typically rounded

apically, and with the lateral margins straight for some distance

behind the marginal spiracles. The mandibles are incurved be-

low the outer apex.

Male. Black, abdomen fuscous, tarsi light, head broad; eyes

large; antennal segments three to six with the length ratio 50:29:-

15:19 respectively; second maxillary segment sharply pointed and

almost as long as antennal segments three and four together. Pro-

thorax half as wide as the head. Metaprescutum slightly wider

than long, broadly rounded apically, distinctly separated from the

prescutum by a depressed scutal area; postlumbium rounded be-

hind, as wide as long; postscutellum about as wide as the rest of

the metathorax, ^deagus bent at right angles, with a moderately

long, very slender process, which is curved at the base and pro-

duced backwards as a small distinct inner process. Length ex-

cluding antennse, 3.07 mm.; length of antennae, 0.69 mm.; width of

head, 0.77 mm.; wing expanse, 5.9 mm.

Male puparium cap. Antennae and maxillae each represented by

a pair of oval rings separated by three times their breadth, man-

dibles separated by twice their breadth, eye sockets large, separated

by slightly more than two and one-half times their breadth.

Female. The following is quoted from the original description

of Pierce: “Cephalothorax yellowish brown with dark basal band;

rather broad and rounded; strongly constricted at the base; spir-

acles marginal, not prominent; mandibles dentate at the apex,

strongly rounded at the outer apical angle and angulate on the

side.” From a study of a long series of specimens the following

may be added. The cephalothorax is shovel-shaped in outline, being

rather broadly rounded at the apex and sharply angled in back of

the spiracles. The lateral margin is usually irregular. The man-

dibles are always at least slightly incurved below the outer apex

and each typically bears a small stout apical tooth. The front

margin of the basal band is straight or wavy, never convex. The

spiracles are often large but flattened close to the margin, hence

not prominent. The width at the spiracles averages about 0.85 mm.

Triungulinid. Not heretofore described. Length of body ex-

cluding stylets, 0.192 mm.; length of stylets, 0.08 mm.; width of

head, 0.037 mm.

Host. Andrena medionitens Ckll. (det. by P. H. Timber-

lake) , which is th,e type host as recorded by Pierce, and two other

unidentified species.

Occurrence in California, liie range probably covers the en-

tire northern half of the state; records are from Tulare, Monterey,

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XII, NO. 1

San Mateo, Alameda, Sonoma, Nevada, Plumas, Mendocino, Tri-

nity, and Humboldt counties from April to July. The only pre-

vious record is that of the type specimen which was taken

June 24 at Florissant, Colorado.

Stylops timberlakei Bohart, new species

(Figs. 2, 6, 10, 16, and 22)

The male of this species is notable for its robust appearance,

separated scutae, pedunculate scutellum, and the peculiar form

of its aedeagus. The important features of the female are the

usually angled lateral margins, the rather even coloration, th,e

irregular but not convex anterior margin of the basal band, the

marginal spiracles, and the angulate mandibles which are in-

curved below the outer apex. The species is named in honor

of Mr. P. H. Timberlake, who collected the type series and

determined most of the Andrena hosts recorded in this paper.

Male. Black, abdomen fuscous, tarsi pale. Antennal segments

three fo six with the length ratio 49:29:15:16 respectively; man-

dibles apically enlarged and beveled. Prothorax half as wide as

the head. Prescutum slightly broader than long, pentagonal,

broadly truncate behind; scutellum anteriorly indistinctly mar-

gined, pedunculate, depressed, and completely separating the scutae ;

postlumbium broadly rounded behind, broader than long; postscutel-

lum longer than the rest of the metathorax, .^deagus bent at an

acute angle with a relatively short stout process. Length excluding

the antennae, 3.5 mm.; length of antennae, 0.95 mm.; width of head,

0.95 mm.; wing expanse, 6.8 mm.

Male puparium cap. Antennae separated by! three times their

breadth, eye sockets by three times their breadth, mandibles by

one and one-half times their breadth, and maxillae by almost twice

their breadth.

Female. Cephalothorax ferruglno-testaceous, lighter toward

the center in head and thoracic regions; basal band fusco-piceous.

Cephalothorax about as broad as long, narrowly truncate, lateral

margins angled at the base of the head and indented in front of

the spiracles. Head medium broad at the base (.64 times the width

at spiracles), mouth oblong-ovate, mandibles angled with an in-

curve below the outer apex, apical tooth stout and sharply pointed,

basal tubercle wanting; spiracles exceeding the lateral margins

but not prominent; basal band relatively narrow, slightly wavy

along the anterior margin but not definitely convex. Width of

cephalothorax, 1.0 mm.; width at base of mandibles, 0.41 mm.;

width at base of head, 0.64 mm; width at base of cephalothorax.

JANUARY, 1936]

BOHART— STYLOPS

0.75 mm.; length from front edge of spiracles to apex, 0.66 mm.;

length of cephalothorax, 1.0 mm.

Holotype, male, Riverside, California, March 2, 1929. Allo-

type, female. Riverside, California, March 13, 1930. Paratypes,

three females. Riverside, California. All type material was col-

lected by Mr. P. H. Timberlake.

Host. Andrena macrocephala Ckll. (det. by P. H. Timber-

lake) on Nemophila.

Stylops pacificus Bobart, new species

(Figs. 1, 5, 9, 15, and 20)

The outstanding characteristics of pacificus are in the male;

the slender form, the pedunculate scutellum which almost com-

pletely separates the scutae, the long slender postscutellum, and

the peculiar form of the aedeagus. The female can be separated

from californica Pierce by its more narrow truncation, from

advarians Pierce by the convex anterior margin of the basal band

(not invariable), and from both of the above by the less promi-

nent spiracles. Furthermore, it can be distinguished from suh-

candidce Pierce and timberlakei by its spade-shaped cephalo-

thorax and usually blunt mandibular tooth. Th,e triungulinid

is peculiar in having stylets only one-fifth as long as the rest of

the body.

Male. Black, tarsi fuscous, wings milky with fuscous veins,

abdominal segments whitish at the sides; body slender. Head

large, more than twice as wide as long ; eyes large ; antennal seg-

ments three to six with the length ratio 83:44:26:29 respectively;

mandibles slightly enlarged and beveled at the tips; second maxillary

segment large, broad at the middle and beveled sharply to a point

at the apex. Prothorax half as wide as the head. Metathorax very

long, compressed laterally in front of and behind the postlumbium ;

prescutum about as long as broad, roughly five-sided; scutse sepa-

rated by deep sutures from the prescutum and by ridges from the

postlumbium and postscutellum; scutellum slender, strongly con-

vex posteriorly, depressed and very narrow in front, almost com-

pletely separating the scutae; postlumbium rounded, about as wide

as long; postscutellum slender, half the length of the entire meta-

thorax, strongly convex posteriorly; hypoepimera fiattened dors-

ally and separated from the postscutellum by deep sutures. .®dea-

gus bent at right angles, with a short, relatively stout apical

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. XII, NO. 1

process. Leng1;h excluding the antennae, 2.75 mm.; length of an-

tennae, 0.75 mm.; width of head, 0.85 mm.; wing expanse, 5.8 mm.

Male puparium cap. Antennae and maxillae each indicated by a

pair of oval rings separated from each other by three times their

breadth, mandibles separated by twice their breadth, eye sockets

large, and separated from each other by twice their breadth.

Female. Cephalothorax ferrugino-testaceous at the sides, lighter

at the center, the spiracular area shaded withj minute fuliginous

specks on a clear background, basal band fusco-piceous. Cephalo-

thorax about as long as broad, truncation moderate in width and

rounded at the edges, lateral margins indented in front of the

spiracles, straight from spiracles to apex. Head medium broad at

the base (0.66 times width at spiracles), mouth elliptical, mandibles

with apical tooth small and blunt, basal tubercle lacking, outer

margin rounded; spiracles exceeding the margins but not promi-

nent; basal band with the anterior margin convex. Width of

cephalothorax, 0.86 mm.; width at base of mandibles, 0.38 mm.;

width at base of head, 0.57 mm. ; width at base of cephalothorax,

0.66 mm.; length from front edge of spiracles to apex, 0.55 mm.;

length of cephalothorax, 0.88 mm.

Triungulinid. Body long oval, stylets very short. Length of

body excluding stylets, 0.163 mm.; length of stylets, 0.035 mm.;

width of head, 0.034 mm.

Holotype, male, Berkeley, California, March 1, 1934. Allo-

type, female, Berkeley, California, March 19, 1935. Paratypes,

three males and six females. All type material was collected in

Berkeley hy G. E. Bohart and the author.

Host. Andrena complexa Sm. (det. hy P. H. Timherlake)

and Andrena sp. undetermined, on Ranunculus.

Occurrence in California: Pad ficus prohahly occurs over a

large portion of the state as records are from Alameda, Sonoma,

Trinity, Calaveras, and Modoc counties.

Stylops cuneiformis Bohart, new species

(Figs. 3 and 12)

The species is characterized hy the wedge-shaped male scutel-

lum from which its name is derived, by the separated scutae, and

by th,e slender curved apical process of the aedeagus. The female

is unknown. The writer is indebted to the California Academy

of Sciences for the loan of the type specimens.

Male. Head, prothorax, mesothorax, and scutellum of meta-

thorax black., otherwise fuscous except for the milky hind wings

and pale tarsi. Head broad, strongly depressed medially; eyes

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XII, NO. 1

large; antennal segments three to six with the length ratio

56:28:13:21 respectively; mandibles very long and slender. Pro-

thorax half as wide as the head. Metaprescutum flattened dor-

sally and longer than wide (foreshortened in flgure) ; scutellum

wedge-shaped, flattened dorsally, only slightly depressed anteriorly,

and almost completely separating the scutse; scutse strongly de-

pressed at the sides ; postlumbium wider than long, broadly rounded

behind; postscutellum longer than the rest of the metathorax.

jEdeagus bent at an acute angle with a slender curved apical process,

apical margin of aedeagus about two-thirds the length of the main

axis. Length excluding the antennae, 2.5 mm.; length of antennae,

0.61 mm.; width of head, 0.76 mm.; wing expanse, 6.5 mm.

Holotype, male, Coronado, California, March 1, 1891 (F. E.

Blaisdell collector). Paratype, one male, same data as holotype.

Host. Andrena species undetermined.

Fig. 1. Stylops pacificus, male. (Hind wings and abdomen not

shown.) Fig. 2. Stylops timberlakei, male. Fig. 3. Stylops cunei-

formis, male. Fig. 4. Stylops medionitans, male. Fig. 5. Stylops

pacificus, male puparium cap (end view). Fig. 6. Stylops tim-

berlakei, male puparium cap. Fig. 7. Stylops vandykei, male

puparium cap. Fig. 8. Stylops medionitans, male puparium cap.

Fig. 9. Stylops pacificus, aedeagus. Fig. 10. Stylops timberlakei,

aedeagus. Fig. 11. Stylops vandykei, aedeagus. Fig. 12. Stylops

cuneiformis, aedeagus. Fig. 13. Stylops medionitans, aedeagus.

Fig. 14. Stylops vandykei, male. Fig. 15. Stylops pacificus,

female mandible. Fig. 16. Stylops timberlakei, female mandible.

Fig. 17. Stylops medionitans, female mandible. Fig. 18. Stylops

vandykei, female mandible. Fig. 19. Stylops medionitans, female

cephalothorax. Fig. 20. Stylops pacificus, female cephalothorax.

Fig. 21. Stylops vandykei, female cephalothorax. Fig. 22. Stylops

timberlakei, female cephalothorax.

Say’s Plant Bug, Chlorochroa sayi Stal., on

Beets in California

According to the literature to date Say’s plant bug, Chloro-

chroa sayi Stal., has not been recorded on beets. Several speci-

mens of this species were collected at Hemet, California, June

19, 1935, on beet plants that were being grown for seed. At the

time the specimens were collected the beet seeds or kernels had

apparently attained the maximum size, although thy had not

hardened sufficiently to harvest. The brood of adult bugs had

infested the beet plants too late in the season to cause any ap-

parent damage to the developing kernels. — H. L. McKenzie.

JANUARY, 1936]

VAN DYKE— BRACHYRHININ^

NEW SPECIES OF NORTH AMERICAN WEEVILS

IN THE FAMILY CURCULIONID^, SUBFAMILY

BRACHYRHININ^, IV

BY EDWIN C. VAN DYKE

University of California, Berkeley, California

Part 4, continued from Vol. XI, p. 96 Tribe Simoini (continued)

Genus Anchitelus Van Dyke, new genus

Short, robust, densely clothed with closely appressed scales and

sparsely setose. Head stout, subcylindrical basally; eyes moder-

ately convex, projecting but little beyond side margin; rostrum two-

thirds width of head and somewhat shorter, separated above by

a distinct dorsal impression, and widened apically ; scrobes superior,

widely open in front and convergent to middle of rostrum thence

continued arcuately outwards almost to lower angle of eyes, the

posterior portion also somewhat squamose; antennse moderately

robust, scape arcuate, gradually enlarged outwardly and reaching

beyond front margin of prothorax, funicle 7-segmented, the first

over twice as long as broad, more robust and slightly longer than

second, segments 3-7 somewhat moniliform, club oval. Prothorax

transverse, sides arcuate, postocular lobes and fimbriae absent.

Elytra elliptical, striae well defined and with fine punctures. Legs

stout, posterior tibiae with two short fixed spurs at apices and

cotyloid surface glabrous, third tarsal segment dilated and claws

connate. First abdominal suture arcuate, second segment equal

to the third and fourth combined.

Genotype: Anchitelus alboviridis, new species.

This genus is superficially somewhat like Tricole pis or per-

haps more like Peritelinus because of its expanded rostrum, but

it has two small fixed spurs to the hind tibiae, lacking in that

genus, therefore, would run closer to Periteloides according to

Casey’s key.^ This last, however, not only does not resemble

it but has short subapical scrobes whereas in Anchitelus, they

are long, widely open in front much, as in Peritelinus though con-

tinuing backwards and laterally almost to the lower angle of

eye which is not the case in that genus. It should follow Peri-

teloides.

Anchitelus alboviridis Van Dyke, new species

Rather small, compact, rufopiceous, with antennae, tibiae and

tarsi rufous and body densely tesselated with small, light greenish-

^Anls. N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. IV (1888), p. 269.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XII, NO. 1

white scales, feebly darker in two broad longitudinal lines on the

pronotum and entire disk of elytra, and sparsely studded with

short and fine setse scattered over the pronotum and arranged in

irregular rows on the elytral intervals. Head about two and a

half times as long as broad, subcylindrical behind, and with parallel

sides, eyes but feebly convex, not extending laterally beyond side

margin of head; front fiattened, with fine median groove extend-

ing forwards on the rostrum and with a few short, scattered setae;

rostrum broad, about as long as head, bulbous towards base and

distinctly separated behind from the head by a transverse im-

pression, rather broadly dilated at apex; scrobes superior in front,

broadly open and convergent backwards, thence continued laterally

in arched manner almost to lower margin of eye; antennae mod-

erately robust. Prothorax broadest at middle, base about one-

fourth broader than apex, both transverse, disk rather finely,

sparsely and irregularly punctured, a short seta, inclined for-

wards, arising from each puncture. Elytra two and three-fourths

times as long as prothorax and about twice as broad, moderately

convex, declivity arcuate but abrupt, strise finely impressed and

finely punctured, intervals feebly convex, the short, curved setae

inclined backwards. Beneath with scales somewhat more elongate

than above and with numerous fine hairs mixed with them on the

abdomen. Length, 4.75 mm., breadth, 2.25 mm.

Holotype (No. 4135, Mus. C.A.S., Ent.) and two paratypes

collected near McKittrick, California, April 11, 1932, by E. P.

Van Duzee.

Genus Peritelinus Casey

Key to Species

1. Little darker above than below, cinereous beneath; elytra oval,

set£e moderately fine and generally uniseriately arranged on

intervals; outer funicular segments somewhat transverse 2

... Upper surface dark brown, undersurface much lighter, brown

or cinereous; elytra elliptical, setaa coarser, closer and often

irregularly biseriately placed on diskal intervals; outer funi-

cular segments not transverse. erinaceus

2. Pronotol punctures rather fine, setae arising from them short

but projecting well beyond the pits; disk of elytra as seen in

profile somewhat fiattened variegatus

... Pronotol punctures coarse, setae arising from them squami-

form and projecting little if at all from the pits; disk of elytra

as seen in profile somewhat arcuate oregonus

Peritelinus erinaceus Van Dyke, new species

Somewhat elongate, brown above, pronotum often with a median

JANUARY, 1936]

VAN DYKE— BRACHYRHININ^

longitudinal line lighter, disk of elytra generally of a golden brown,

sometimes clouded, and with an irregular dark brown margin; the

setse of entire upper surface of a more or less uniform type, short

and club-like, inclined forward on the pronotum but erect on the

head and elytra, and unicolorous with background. Head about

a third longer than broad, slightly narrowed forwards, sides of

rostrum continuous in same plane as sides of head, eyes mod-

erately convex, front flattened, rostrum feebly sulcate in front,

scrobes wide and pointing towards but not reaching eyes; scape

arcuate, stout, not reaching front margin of prothorax, first funi-

cular segment long, 2-7 gradually shorter, moniliform. Prothorax

about a third broader than long, broadest at middle, apex nar-

rower than base, sides moderately arcuate, disk somewhat flattened

as viewed from side, rather finely, discretely punctured, the numer-

ous short setse arising from punctures. Elytra elliptical, two-

sevenths longer than broad and two-fifths broader than prothorax,

disk flattened from base to posterior third, declivity evenly rounded,

strise sharply impressed and finely, closely punctured, the punctures

slightly elongate, intervals feebly convex, third, fourth and fifth

often with two irregular rows of setse, the rest generally with one.

Underside with scales less imbricated than above and abdomen

with a limited number of short and fine, much inclined hair. Legs

robust and clothed with semierect squamose setse as well as scales.

Length, 5.75 mm., breadth, 2.5 mm.

Holotype (No. 4136, Mus. C.A.S., Ent.) and numerous des-

ignated paratypes from a series of over thirty specimens. The

holotype was collected near Grass Valley, California, May 18,

1930, by E. P. Van Duzee. Other specimens are from Cordelia,

Solano County; Pope Valley, Napa County; Sonora, Bear River

and Columbia, Tuolumne County; Green Valley and Clarksville,

El Dorado County, all from California and collected either by

E. P. Van Duzee, H. H. Keifer or by me. The Green Valley

specimens were beaten from Ceanothus shrubs and the Cordelia

specimens from cherry by H. H. Keifer. They, however, feed

on the most available shrubs within their territory.

This species with its numerous, short spines has a very char-

acteristic appearance, quite suggestive of the larger Encyllus

vagans Lee. It in general ranges throughout the Sierra foot-

hills, the same territory where the more common variegatus is

to be found.

Peritelinus oregonus Van Dyke, new species

Subglose, brown above, a median longitudinal line on the pro-

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XII, NO. 1

notum often lighter and the elytral disk generally clouded, often

with an irregular transverse bar of lighter scales near the summit

of the declivity, margined posteriorly with dark brown scales, the

sides and undersides of a silvery white; the setae only conspicuous

on the elytra and there fine, short and sparse. Head about a third

longer than broad and slightly cuneate as usual. Eyes rather small

and but slightly convex, front fiattened, rostrum feebly sulcate, a

fine groove extending back on to the front, scrobes wide, less deep

behind; scape arcuate, narrow basally, barely reaching front mar-

gin of prothorax, funicle as in preceding species except less robust

and with several segments somewhat transverse. Prothorax about

a fifth broader than long, broadest at middle, apex but slightly

narrower than base, sides feebly arcuate, disk perceptibly arched

when viewed laterally, coarsely discretely punctured, the equamose

setae arising from the punctures hardly projecting beyond their

upper margins. Elytra oval, as broad as prothorax, disk arcuate as

viewed laterally, declivity abrupt, setae finely impressed, and finely,

closely punctured, intervals fiattened, each with a row of short, stiff,

erect setae. Abdomen sparsely squamose and pubescent. Legs mod-

erately robust and clothed with scales and short, curved setae.

Length, 4.75 mm., breadth, 2.25 mm.

Holotype (No. 4137, Mus. C.A.S., Ent.) and seven paratypes,

collected by me from oak, Quercus garryana Dougl., at Cor-

vallis, Oregon, June 3, 1914. Several specimens from Klamath

Falls, Oregon, collected July 9, 1934, and differing but little from

the above, have been associated with the type set.

Th,is species in size, shape and coloration much resembles the

type species, variegatus, but can always be readily separated

from that by the coarse pronotal punctures with the setae short,

s^q^uamose, and almost entirely enclosed within the punctures, in

contrast to the small pronotal punctures and short but evidently

exposed setae of the other, as well as by the shorter and sparser

elytral setae. As I remember, the species was fairly common

about Corvallis. It has long been known but generally confused

with species in other genera particulary Tricolepis simulator

Horn.

Genus Nemocestes Van Dyke, new name

Geoderces Horn, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., XV (1876), pp. 70-71.

The genus Geoderces was established by George Horn in 1876,

with Trachyphlceus melanotrix Kirby, designated as the geno-

type. Two species, incomptus Horn and what Horn took to be

JANUARY, 1936]

VAN DYKE— BRACHYRHININ^

melanotrix Kirby were placed in the genus. Unfortunately, Horn

did not correctly identify Kirby’s species, this being an entirely

different weevil from what Horn believed. In 1932, I carefully

examined Kirby’s type of Trachyphloeus melanotrix which is pre-

served in the British Museum and is in good condition and

found it to be none other than the well known and previously

described Phyxelis rigidus (Say). To make doubly sure, I had

Sir Guy Marshall, an acknowledged authority on the Rhyn-

chophora, and Dr. K. G. Blair check my comparisons. A care-

ful reading of Kirby’s description will also show that it applies

to rigidus and not to what Horn took it to be. That being the

case, incomptus and what Horn considered as melanotrix are

without a valid generic name and the latter also without a spe-

cific name. Much as I dislike to increase the synonomy, I feel

that there is nothing else to do but to erect a new genus to replace

Geoderces Horn and to give a specific name to Horn’s (not

Kirby’s) melanotrix. The new name that I propose for the

genus is Nemocestes, and it may be defined as follows:

Robust, afterbody subglobular, densely clothed with closely ap-

pressed scales and sparsely setose. Head stout; rostrum about as

long as head, narrowed from in front of eyes to middle thence gen-

erally wider, feebly transversely impressed at base, moderately

emarginate at apex, scrobes lateral, somewhat arcuate and directed

towards but not reaching eyes; antennse long, scape almost as long

as funicle, reaching anterior margin of prothorax or beyond,

funicle 7-segmented, first two segments moderately long, segments

3-7 elongate, obconical, gradually shorter, club elongate oval; eyes

round, but moderately convex. Prothorax transverse, truncate at

base and apex, with sides more or less arcuate and without post-

ocular lobes or fimbrise. Scutellum somewhat vertical, only visible

when forebody is deflexed. Elytra oval or suboval, convex. Meta-

sternum short, side pieces narrow, indistinct. Intercoxal process

broad, truncate; second ventral segment separated from the first

by a feebly arcuate suture. Tibiae with very short mucro at tip,

very minutely denticulate internally, and hind tibiae with two short

fixed spurs and cotyloid surface glabrous.

Genotype: Nemocestes incomptus (Horn).

As Horn states, this genus “has nothing at all resembling it

outside of our fauna.” Th,e large subglobular, somewhat flat-

tened afterbody gives the species a peculiar facies, enabling

them in most cases, to be quickly determined. The genus is

dominant along the Pacific Coast of North America, with a few

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XII, NO. 1

wide ranging species but most are extremely local. Only one,

horni {melanotrix Horn — not Kirby) is to be found entirely

outside of the Pacific fauna. A number of undescribed species

are known, most of which will be described in this paper, but

others will be left for a later day with the hope that more speci-

mens will be secured to give a better idea of the species. Sev-

eral of the species are of considerable economic importance,

especially in strawberry fields.

Key to Species

1. Larger species, 6 mm. or more in length 2

... Smaller species, 5.5 mm. or less in length 4

2. Antennal scape barely reaching back beyond front margin of

prothorax; setse of upper surface sparse, short, much inclined

and somewhat curved horni

... Antennal scape reaching back well beyond front margin of

prothorax; setae of upper surface longer, at least one-half

width of intervals, straight and more upright 3

3. Setae sparse, coarse and somewhat inclined; scaly vestiture

variegated in color; afterbody quite globose incomp tus

... Setae dense, fine and vertical; scaly vestiture unicolorus brown;

afterbody fiattened above and somewhat straight and parallel

at sides ...longnlus

4. Prothorax widest near middle, pronotal punctures coarse; setae

moderately long, dense and suberect; color more or less uni-

form brown 5

... Prothorax widest behind middle, setae rather short; color vari-

able 6

5. Pronotal punctures numerous and close; elytra subelliptical,

disk arcuate from base to apex; lighted markings vague

sordidus

... Pronotal punctures coarse, moderately numerous but well

spaced; elytra broad at humeri, with sides somewhat straight

and feebly convergent backwards, disk fiattened; distinct light

markings near hind angles of prothorax and middle of femora

montanus

6. Pronotum coarsely, less closely, punctured; setse fine and sub-

erect; variegated color pattern, 4.5 mm. or less long; funcular

segments 4-7 moniliform, about as broad as long; rostrum

feebly expanded in front puncticollis

... Pronotum finely, rather closely punctured; setse much inclined ;

5 mm. or more long; funicular segments 4-5 longer than broad

rostrum not perceptibly expanded apically 7

7. Elytra with declivity arcuate and a prominent tubercle on

fifth interval apically; first intervals with carinate callosities

near scutellum; setse rather short, fine and much inclined;

JANUARY, 1936]

VAN DYKE— BRA CHYRHININ^

variegated color pattern tuherculatus

... Elytra with declivity almost vertical and straight, apex of

declivity overhanging; setse short and closely appressed; color

uniform brown ..koebeli

Nemocestes incomptus (Horn)

This species is common and widely distributed along the

Pacific Coast from British, Columbia to middle California, ranging

inland in the north generally as far as the Cascades, and more

restricted to the immediate coast as it passes south. I have one

specimen from Yellowstone Park. It varies in size from 6-9 mm.,

average 8 mm., and in color from gray through golden brown

to dark brown. It may be irregularly maculated dark and

light brown or more usually with the sides of the prothorax

and sides and apex of elytra a lighter brown than the disk,

the disk of the elytra being abruptly separated from the sides

and apex by an irregular dark band. The setae are quite variable

as to length, robustness and color, likewise th,e basal segments

of the antennal funicle are variable as to length, the second seg-

ment being always distinctly longer than the first. In this con-

nection I will state that Horn was absolutely wrong in giving the

“second joint shorter than the first.” Mr. E. T. Cresson, Jr., has

very carefully measured the segments of the type and paratype

specimens in the Horn collection for me, and in all cases found

the second segment the longer. I have examined hundreds of

specimens including large numbers collected by me as well as

big series submitted by Mr. J. Wilcox of Puyallup, Wash,ington.

At certain times of the year, the specimens become coated with

mud.

Nemocestes horni Van Dyke, new name

This species, as stated previously, is the Geoderces melanotrix

Horn but not the Trachy phlceus melanotrix Kirby as believed

by Horn. The characters separating this species from the pre-

ceding are very feeble. I believe that it is but a subspecies at

most of incomptus, but until we get larger series of specimens,

especially from intermediate territory, will leave it as placed.

My specimens are from Michigan. It has also been found in

Canada and New York.

THE PAN-PACIFIG ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XII, NO. 1

Nemocestes longulus Van Dyke, new species

Rather large and robust, somewhat elongate, piceous or reddish

brown, densely clothed with closely appressed dark brown or golden

brown scales except for a few lighter ones above the eyes, at sides

of pronotum behind, and in a band at middle of femora, the upper

surface also rather densely pilose, the hair fully as long as one-

half the breadth of intervals, dark and upright. Head flattened

above, interocular area broad; rostrum slightly longer than head,

broad, in general feebly narrowed forward but with alse expanded,

antennal scape reaching back behind front margin of prothorax,

second segment of funicle long and distinctly longer than first, the

following much shorter, gradually broader but all longer than

broad. Prothorax about a sixth broader than long, widest behind

middle, gradually narrowed in front and rounded to base, disk

rather coarsely and densely punctured. Elytra subelliptical,

slightly less than twice as wide as prothorax, over one-fourth

longer than broad, with sides more or less straight and parallel,

disk somewhat flattened, strise well defined and strial punctures

distinct and closely placed, intervals flattened or feebly convex

behind. Abdomen rather coarsely, irregularly punctured. Length,

6.5 mm., breadth, 3 mm.

Holotype (No. 4138, Mus. C.A.S., Ent.) and several desig-

nated paratypes from a series of over sixty specimens. These

were taken at Saticoy, Ventura County, California, the type in

June, 1924, others July 30, 1924, May 22, 1924, and so forth, and

mostly by Mr. Stanley Flanders. Some were found feeding in

strawberry patches.

This species is almost as large as th,e average incomptus, our

largest species, but proportionally narrower and more elongate,

of a more uniform color and with pile far more dense and erect.

Nemocestes sordidus Van Dyke, new species

Of moderate size, robust, piceous, antennee and tarsi rufous,

densely clothed with piceous or earthen colored scales with a few

silvery scales at sides of prothorax near base, over eyes and at

middle of femora, and moderately setose, the setae one-half breadth

of intervals, black and suberect. Head flattened above, interocular

area broad; rostrum slightly longer than head, feebly narrowed

forward, both head and rostrum rather coarsely punctured; an-

tennal scape reaching back of front margin of prothorax, second

funicular segment elongate, the following longer than broad and

gradually broader. Prothorax barely broader than long, widest

at middle, sides rather evenly arcuate, disk coarsely, moderately

densely punctured. Elytra well rounded at humeri and apex.

JANUARY, 1936]

VAN DYKE— BRACHYRHININ^

feebly arcuate at sides, disk moderately convex, declivity well

rounded, somewhat straight near apex, striae well impressed and

with moderate, somewhat closely placed punctures, intervals flat.

Abdomen with punctures concealed by scales. Length, 5.5 mm.,

breadth, 2.5 mm.

Holotype (No. 4139, Mus. C.A.S., Ent.) and numerous desig-

nated paratypes from a series of thirty-four specimens, all col-

lected near San Jose, California. The type is from a series taken

August 1, 1931, others on various dates in June. Dr. L. M. Smith

furnished most of the specimens which were taken in strawberry

patches where they were doing considerable injury. A small

series of slightly smaller individuals from Niles, California,

July 20, 1921, and others collected by Albert Koebele, labeled

Alameda County, California, I have associated with the preced-

ing lot.

This species in color and general facies somewhat resembles

longulus, but it is much, smaller, less elongate, with the pro-

thorax more evenly arcuate at sides and less narrowed forwards,

the pronotum more coarsely and sparsely punctured and the sides

of the elytra less parallel.

Nemocestes montanus Van Dyke, new species

In size and color similar to preceding but the setee are shorter,

sparser and more inclined. The head is more irregularly, sparsely

punctured above, the rostrum more quadrate with sides parallel,

eyes more convex and prominent, and the occipital region clothed

with silvery scales which become quite noticeable when the head

is flexed. The prothorax is about one-sixth broader than long,

somewhat narrowed in front, disk coarsely, somewhat distinctly

punctured. Elytra broad at humeri, with sides almost straight

and parallel and apex well rounded, disk flattened, strise flnely

impressed and moderately flnely, closely punctured, the intervals

flat. Abdomen coarsely, sparsely punctured in front. Length,

5 mm., breadth, 2.5 mm.

Holotype (No. 4140, Mus. C.A.S., Ent.) collected by myself

at Fallen Leaf Lake, Lake Tahoe, California, June 23, 1915;

paratype, also collected by me, at Carrville, Trinity County,

California, June 31, 1913. Other specimens seen are: one from

Tallac, California, July 17, 1915, two from Riverton, California,

July 8, 1935, and one from Pacific House, El Dorado County, Cali-

fornia, July 7, 1931, all in collection of E. C. Zimmerman; one

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XII, NO. 1

reared from roots of Rihes at Baxter, Placer County, California,

by H. H. Kiefer; and a small series submitted by J. Wilcox and

William W. Baker and collected at various places in western

Washington such as: Spanway, September 15, 1933, Oak Point,

October 11, 1933, Cle Elum, May 7, 1933, Easton, April 9, 1933,

and Loveland, April 1, 1932. A series of mostly immature

specimens taken from strawberries by J. Wilcox near Albany,

Oregon, July 12, 1929, has also been tentatively placed with

this species.

The quadrate rostrum, somewhat prominent eyes, coarse and

well-spaced pronotal punctures, and straight sides and more or

less flattened disk of elytra will generally define this species.

The silvery scales of the occiput are also very noticeable in

this species. Immature specimens are variegated in color hut

fully matured ones are characteristically dark brown.

Nemocestes puncticollis (Casey)

This species is much, the smallest of the genus, and is readily

separated from the others not only by its size but by the pecu-

liarities of its funicular segments. It is, however, very similar

in general appearance to the much more common Geodercodes

latipennis Csy. and being found in the same locality, Monterey

Bay and vicinity, is very apt to be mistaken for it.

Nemocestes tuberculatus Van Dyke, new species

Moderate in size, robust, reddish brown, densely clothed with

golden brown scales mixed with patches of darker brown and

cinerous scales and with setse short, sparse, light in color and

much inclined on the elytra. Head somewhat flattened above and

coarsely, sparsely punctured; rostrum longer than head, narrowed

forwards, feebly sulcate above and with a vague median carina;

eyes moderately prominent; antennse rufous with scape reaching

behind front margin of prothorax. Prothorax fully a sixth wider

than long, widest back of middle, gradually narrowed in front,

disk distinctly yet moderately finely and somewhat abundantly

punctured. Elytra almost a third longer than broad, with sides

almost straight and divergent from base to humeri where widest,

thence almost straight and feebly convergent backwards to sides

of declivity where are situated the blunt tubercles, feebly sinuate

within these and rounded to apex; disk moderately convex; striae

finely impressed and with fine, closely placed punctures, the inter-

vals flattened in front, feebly convex behind, the sutural with an

JANUARY, 1936]

VAN DYKE— BRACHYRHININiE

elongate callosity in front near scutellum and the fifth with a

blunt tubercle near summit of apical declivity. Beneath more

sparsely squamose than usual, finely pilose and sparsely punctured.

Length, 5 mm., breadth, 2.5 mm.

Holotype (No. 4141, Mus. C.A.S., Ent.) and numerous desig-

nated paratypes from a series of twenty-four specimens collected

by me from beneath the old dead leaves of the redwood {Sequoia

sempervirens Endl.) in Muir Woods, Marin County, California,

August 30, 1909. There is also a large series in the Blaisdell

collection taken at the same time and place, and two specimens

collected by J. 0. Martin, near Taylorville, Marin County, Cali-

fornia, December 28, 1919.

This species is one of the most distinct in the genus, the

light variegated color pattern, smooth parascutellar callosities,

and apical tubercles readily defining it.

Nemocestes koebeli Van Dyke, new species

Of moderate size, unicolorous brown, densely clothed with closely

appressed scales as usual and with short setae, numerous and much

inclined, hardly raised above the scaly vestiture. Head fiattened

above; sparsely punctured, rostrum longer than head, somewhat

narrowed forward, eyes feebly convex, scape of antennae reaching

well back of front margin of prothorax. Prothorax over one-sixth

broader than long, widest back of middle, gradually narrowed in

front and transversely impressed before apex, disk rather finely,

closely punctured, setae short and much inclined. Elytra broadly

rounded at humeri, sides almost straight to posterior third, thence

rounded and feebly arcuate and rapidly convergent to apex; disk

quite feebly arcuate in profile, summit of declivity overhanging,

the declivity in profile almost straight and inclining forward to

apex, striae finely impressed and finely, closely punctured, intervals

feebly convex at sides and apex, setae, short, numerous and much

inclined, projecting but little above the scaly vestiture, except on

declivity. Beneath sparsely squamose, finely, sparsely pubescent,

and but moderately punctate. Length, 5 mm., breadth, 2.5 mm.

Holotype (No. 4142, Mus. C.A.S., Ent.) and one paratype,

collected by Albert Koebele in th,e Santa Cruz Mountains, Cali-

fornia.

The outstanding characters of this species are its fine pro-

notal punctures, very short and closely appressed setae and the

odd shaped afterbody with the summit of the declivity extended

well back of the sutural apex and the declivity itself straight and

passing forwards.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XII, NO. 1

Aragnomus setosus Van Dyke, new species

Moderately robust, densely clothed with closely appressed

cinereous and brown scales, the latter massed on the front of head,

median area of pronotum and disk of elytra, the head and pro-

notum also with numerous short, forward projecting setse and the

elytra with rows of long, erect, hair-like setes. Head robust, sides

straight and convergent forward, front continuous with rostrum

vdthout transverse impression, the rostrum, therefore, not sharply

delimited, not dilated in front, a small fovea between the eyes, the

ej es large but almost flat, scrobes dorsal, short, elliptical, directed

toward eyes but well separated from them; antennae rather long,

scape arcuate, about reaching front margin of prothorax. Pro-

thorax transverse, subcylindrical, one-third broader than long,

two-thirds as long as head and rostrum, the broad diskal stripe

often divided down the middle by a white line. Elytra elliptical,

about a third longer than broad and two-flfths broader than pro-

thorax, the declivity gradually rounded off, not abrupt, strise finely

impressed, intervals flat or feebly convex at sides and apex, and

each with a single or occasionally a double row of rather long,

erect, hair-like setse. Legs robust. Beneath with numerous short,

hook-like setse in addition to the scaly vestiture. Length, 5.5 mm.,

breadth, 2.5 mm.

Holotype (No. 4143, Mus. C.A.S., Ent.) and numerous desig-

nated paratypes from a series of 47 specimens beaten by me

from manzanita (Arctostaphylos) bushes on the hills near Co-

lumbia, Tuolumne County, California, June 4, 1931.

This species is much less robust than griseus, head more defi-

nitely cuneate, protfiorax shorter, elytra less dilated and with

declivity evenly areuate, not abrupt, and the elytral setae rather

long and erect, not short and squamose. From hispidulus Csy.,

it differs by the rostrum not being dilated at apex, not impressed

at base, the scape not extending beyond front margin of pro-

thorax, the prothorax much shorter than head and rostrum to-

gether, the elytra not inflated and declivous at apex, and with

rows of long setae, not long scales, on the intervals. The color

is variable, some specimens being almost uniformly gray, others

with th,e elytral disk bounded by an irregular dark brown line,

the diskal area itself but little darker than the rest of the insect.

The range of Aragnomus griseus Horn is mainly in the Great

Basin, Nevada, western Colorado, northern Arizona. The type

locality California must have referred to the arid area east of

the Sierra Nevada mountains.

JANUARY, 1936]

VAN DYKE— BRA CHYRHININJE

Genus Encyllus Horn

Key to Species

1. Larger species, 5. 5-7.5 mm. in length, bicolored, second funi-

cular segment from 3 to 4 times as long as broad, setae of

entire upper surface hispid, many times as long as broad and

acute at apices vagans

... Smaller species, 5 mm. or less in length, second funicular seg-

ment but little more than twice as long as broad, setae of upper

surface very short and robust, squamose or club-like and blunt

at apices 2

2. Bicolored, three brown stripes on pronotum and numerous

brown patch on elytra, erect setae of upper surface club-like,

several times as long as broad echiniis

... Unicolored, cinereous, erect setae of upper surface peg-like or

tubercular, but little longer than broad unicolor

Eucyllus echinus Van Dyke, new species

Rather small, moderately robust and elongate, rufopiceous and

densely clothed with gray and brown, closely appressed scales, the

former generally distributed, the latter forming a median and

two lateral stripes on the pronotum, a median diskal patch, an

irregular zigzag line along the sides and a larger irregular V-like

patch at the summit of the declivity of the elytra, and the entire

upper surface studded with short, club-like setee, several times as

long as broad, irregularly placed on the head and pronotum but

more or less arranged in single or irregular double rows along

the intervals of the elytra. Head with front broad and flattened;

rostrum about as long as head and not distinctly separated from

the latter by a constriction, gradually narrowed forwards and

broadly, shallowly sulcate above; eyes rather small and feebly

convex; scrobes distinct, dilated behind and reaching eyes as in

type species, antennae moderately robust, scape feebly arcuate,

reaching front margin of prothorax, first funicular segment robust,

a bit more than twice as long as broad, second slightly longer and

narrower, the following gradually shorter and broader, club oval.

Prothorax hardly a third broader than long, base broadly arcuate,

sides well rounded, apex feebly emarginate, disk distinctly but

sparsely punctured with the setaa arising from them. Elytra sub-

elliptical, over a third longer than broad and about a fourth broader

than prothorax, striae finely impressed with small, well spaced punc-

tures, intervals convex, declivity abrupt but well rounded. Be-

neath with setae more squamose and inclined. Length, 5 mm.,

width, 2.25 mm.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XII, NO. 1

Holotype (No. 4144, Mus. C.A.S., Ent.) a unique, collected

at Cave Creek, Maricopa County, Arizona, May, 1910, by J. I.

Carlson.

This species looks superficially like a diminutive vagans. It

differs materially, though, by having the funicle less twisted, the

second funicular segment proportionally much shorter tfian in

that species, the prothorax rmore broadly rounded at sides and

the setae denser, shorter, broader, and blunt.

Eucyllus unicolor Van Dyke, new species

Slightly less robust, but otherwise similar in shape to the pre-

ceding, the scaly vestiture of a uniform ashen color while the

setae are short stubs or tubercles, hardly longer than broad. The

head characters are also similar except that the scrobes are wider

and the antennae a bit more robust, the scape in particular, which

also reaches beyond the front margin of prothorax. The prothorax

has the sides less broadly rounded while the elytra are narrower

with the striae deeper and with closer punctures. Length, 5.25

mm., breadth, 2.25 mm.

Holotype (No. 4145, Mus. C.A.S., Ent.) and one paratype.

The first was collected in Utah in 1921, by C. A. Duncan, the

paratype, slightly smaller, in the collection of E. C. Zimmerman,

was collected by him at Westguard, California, September 3, 1931.

The color and type of setae will enable this species to be

readily separated.

Pioneer Entomologists

Two of our pioneer entomologists and great teachers of ento-

mology celebrate their eightieth anniversaries this spring, Law-

rence Bruner on March 2d, and Herbert Osborn on March 17th.

The former, now living in Berkeley, won his spurs in the Great

West, being Professor at the University of Nebraska; the latter

now in Florida, being Professor of Entomology, first at Iowa,

later at the Ohio State University.

JANUARY, 1936]

DARLINGTON— STENOMORPHUS

THE SPECIES OF STENOMORPHUS (COLEOPTERA:

CARABIDAE), WITH DATA ON HETEROGONY

IN S. CALIFORNICUS (MEN.)

BY P. J. DARLINGTON JR.

Museum of Comparative Zoology

This is an attempt to define as briefly and as accurately as

possible the species of the New World genus Stenomorphus.

For discussion of the relationships of the genus, see the generic

references given below; for a full bibliography, see the Junk

Catalogue.

Characters'. Within the Harpalini, the genus is characterized

by elongate form; short, smooth head, with two small, sharp

fovese between the eyes; mentum not toothed; subapical segment

labial palpus plurisetose; and especially by the remarkable sexual

characters: male prothorax relatively elongate; male middle fe-

mora angulate or denticulate on lower edge near apex (seen from

in front) ; male front and sometimes middle tibise pubescent within;

male front tarsi narrowly dilated, with first segment longer but

not much wider than following, segments 2-4 (but not 1) biseri-

ately squammulose below; male middle tarsi not squammulose;

female front tarsi with first segment conspicuously enlarged, at

least twice as wide as following.

The species can be classified satisfactorily only by a careful

study of the male sexual characters. Females not directly asso-

ciated with males can often be identified by general appearance

and locality, plus the prothoracic and tibial measurements. A

good deal of variation must be allowed for in both sexes.

The ratio of length, to depth of prothorax (abbreviated below

as “prothoracic L/D”) varies in males of different Stenomorphus

from about 1.45 to 2.10, and is much more useful in classifica-

tion than the ratio of length to width (“prothoracic L/W”),

which varies only from about 1.15 to 1.50. Length of prothorax

is measured at middle; depth, along a line perpendicular to the

dorsal surface and immediately before the front coxae (PI. 1,

fig. 15). The specimen must be rotated on the long axis until

the least depth is found. Width, of head (across eyes) and of

prothorax is, of course, the greatest width. Length of hind tibia

is length from middle of apex of femur, when the tibia is at

right angles to the femur; width of tibia is greatest width at

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XII, NO. 1

apex. Total length is to apex of elytra; width, greatest width

of elytra. Measurements used in deriving ratios must be made

carefully, with a properly equipped microscope.

Heterogony^: If the proportions of the male proth,orax are

to be used in classification, it is important to know whether there

is heterogonic variation, i. e. whether the proportions of the pro-

thorax depend upon the absolute size of the insect. Purely

heterogonic characters are sometimes striking, as in the males

of some Scarabaeidae, but they are of no more significance in taxo-

nomy than mere variations in body size. On Plate 2A I have

accordingly charted the L /D values against absolute length of

prothorax for a series of males of Stenomorphus californicus.

If the L/D value were strongly heterogonic, the points charted

would fall into a fairly regular line ascending to the right. The

actual results of the tabulation show that weak heterogony is

probably present, but it certainly is not strong enough to for-

bid the use of the L/D value in distinguishing species of any-

thing like similar size.

Genitalia: I have examined the male genitalia of several

species. They show only slight specific differences, much less

striking than the differences in the external sexual characters,

and not of a sort likely to be useful.

Acknowledgments: This paper is based on material examined

in or borrow from the United States National Museum, the British

Museum, the American Museum of Natural History, the Phila-

delphia Academy of Natural Sciences, the California Academy

of Sciences, Ohio State University, the Museum of Comparative

Zoology, and the private collections of Mr. H. C. Fall and the

writer. I am especially indebted to Mr. K. G. Blair, Dr. E. C.

Van Dyke, Mr. L. L. Buchanan, and Mr. J. N. Knull for ar-

ranging loan of material

Stenomorphus Dej.

Dejean 1831, p. 696; G .Horn 1881, pp. 180, 183, PI. 10, fig.

134; Tschitscherin 1900, pp. 343, 352: Agaosoma Menetries 1844,

p. 63.

Genoty pes :angustatus Dej. (Stenomorphus), californicus

Men. (Agaosoma) ; both haplotypes, by single reference.

^ Cf. Julian S. Huxley, "Problems of Relative Growth” (Dial Press, 1932),

especially p. 66.

JANUARY, 1936]

DARLINGTON— STENOMORPHUS

Key to Species ( $ only)

1. Front femur $ dentate below near apex

1. dentifemoratus Chd.

... Front femur $ not dentate 2

2. L/D $ prothorax 1.45-1.55 (rarely more) ; middle femur $

sinuate or obtusely ungulate below near apex; outer edge

middle tibia relatively densely spiny 2. convexior Notm.

... L/D $ prothorax 1.6-2.1; middle femur $ acutely, rec-

tangularly, or (rarely) somewhat obtusely dentate or ungu-

late below near apex; outer edge middle tibia with fewer

spines 3

3. Middle tibia $ densely pubescent within near apex. 4

... Middle tibia $ not densely pubescent within 5

4. L/D $ prothorax 1.6-1.75 i 3. penicillatus n. sp.

... L/D $ prothorax 1.8-2. 0 4. sinalose n. sp.

5. L/D $ prothorax 1.6-1. 8 6

... L/D $ prothorax 1. 8-2.1 8

6. L/W $ prothorax about 1.45; L/W hind tibia about 7.0; tooth

$ middle femur reaching well beyond apex of femur; length

( ^ ) 17 mm 5. alius n. sp.

... L/W $ prothorax about 1.2-1.35; L/W hind tibia about 5.5-

6.0; tooth middle femur $ reaching about opposite apex

femur; length 12.5 mm. or less 7

7. L/W $ prothorax 1.3-1.35; prothorax less dilated anteriorly;

length 12-12.5 mm 6. angustatus Dej.

... L/W $ prothorax about 1.2; prothorax more dilated an-

teriorly; length 10.5 mm 7. brasiliensis n. sp.

8. Middle femur $ very finely notched below near apex; middle

tibia $ straight 8. manni Dari.

... Middle femur $ much more coarsely notched or dentate;

middle tibia $ more or less distinctly arcuate

9. californicus Men.

1. Stenomorphus dentifemoratus Chd.

(PI. I, figs. 1, 16, 17)

Chaudoir 1844, p. 478

Black; very slender, moderately convex; head distinctly more

than three-fourths width prothorax, relatively wider than in most

Stenomorphus; elytra deeply striate; L/W hind tibia 7-7.5. Male

prothoracic L/D 1.9 or slightly less; front femur finely, acutely

dentate below about one-fourth from apex; middle femur rather

finely, acutely dentate below at apex; middle tibia arcuate, not

densely pubescent within. Female prothoracic L/D 1.45-1.6. Meas-

urements: male, 14-14.5 by 3.4-3.7; female, 14-15 by 3. 9-4.2 mm.

Type: from the cold plateaux of Colombia; probably now in

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XII, NO. 1

Oberthiir Collection (not seen). Material seen: Costa Rica: male,

female, Escazu, 1,200 m. ; male, San Jose; female, Chitaria, 600

m.; female, Tempirque, Guanacosta. It is impossible to be

absolutely sure that these specimens represent Chaudoir’s species,

but they answer his brief diagnosis.

This is the only described Stenomorphus of which I have not

seen either type material or topotypes.

2. Stenomorphus convexior Notman

(PI. I, figs, 2, 3, 24, 25; PI. 2B)

Notman 1922, p. 103

Black to rufescent; rather stout (in genus), moderately con-

vex; head three-fourths or slightly more width prothorax; elytra

moderately deeply striate; L/W hind tibia 5. 5-6.0; middle tibia

more densely spiny than in other Stenomorphus. Male prothoracic

L/D 1.45-1.55 (rarely more) ; front femur simple; middle femur

obtusely angulate or merely sinuate below near apex; middle tibia

rather strongly arcuate, moderately (not very densely) pubescent

within. Female prothoracic L/D 1.3-1.5. Measurements: male,

13-15.5 by 3.8-4.4; female, 11-14 by 3. 5-4.2 mm.

Type'. Tucson, Arizona, in collection Bureau of Plant In-

dustry, Harrisburg, Pa. (not seen). Material seen'. Arizona: 2

males, 4 females Tucson and vicinity; male, Mt. Mildred, Babo-

quivari Mts. ; female “Ariz.”; Mexico: State of Sinaloa, male,

2 females. Presidio R. near Union; 5 males, 10 females Vanadillo

(spelled also Venedio) ; 4 males, 12 females, Mazatlan: State

of Jalisco, 2 males, I female, Cocula; male, Guadalajara: State

of Morelos, male, Cuernavaca. Also 3 females “Sonora or

Sinaloa, in chicken crop, said to kill chickens.”

I have examined also 2 males, 2 females (13-15 mm.) from

Cuautla, Morelos, Mexico (Koebele Coll., Cal. Acad.) which

agree with the preceding series except they are less stout, with

male prothoracic L/D about 1.65. These probably represent a

local or individual variation rather than a different species.

3. Stenomorphus penicillatus Darlington, n. sp.

(PI. 1, figs. 4, 18, 19; PI. 2B)

Black or piceous; moderately slender and convex; head three-

fourths (±) width prothorax; elytra moderately deeply striate;

L/W hind tibia 5. 5-6.0. Male prothoracic L/D 1.6-1.75; front

femur simple; middle femur strongly, rectangularly (±) angulate

JANUARY, 1936]

DARLINGTON— STENOMORPHUS

or dentate below near apex; middle tibia arcuate, rather densely

pubescent within in apical one-third or one-fourth. Female pro-

thoracic L/D 1.35-1.45. Measurements: male, 15-17.5 by 4-4.5;

female, 13-14.5 by 3.6-4. 1 mm.

Types: Mexico. Holotype male (M. C. Z. No. 22112), Truqui,

from the Leconte Collection: paratypes, Cuernavaca (2 males Hoge

Collection, B. M.; 1 male, 1 female, 0. W. Bryant Collection,

U. S. N. M.; 1 male, Koebele Collection, Cal. Acad.; 1 female

Hoge Collection, Am. Mus.) ; Colima Vulcano (1 male, 3 females,

L. Conrad Collection, U. S. N. M.) .

4. Stenomorphus sinaloae Darlington, n. sp.

(PI. 1, figs. 5, 22, 23; PI. 2B)

Black or piceous; moderately slender and convex; head three-

fourth (±) width prothorax; elytra moderately deeply striate;

L/W hind tibia 6-6.5. Male prothoracic L/D 1.8-2.0; front femur

simple; middle femur strongly, rectangularly or acutely dentate

below near apex; middle tibia arcuate, densely pubescent within

in apical one-third or more. Female prothoracic L/D 1.5-1. 6.

Measurements: male, 16-17 by about 4.5; female, 13.5-14 by about

4.5 mm.

Types: Mexico. Holotype male (U.S.N.M.) and 2 male,

3 female paratypes (pair in M. C. Z., No. 22113) all labeled

merely “Sinaloa, Mex.”

5. Stenomorphus alius Darlington, n. sp.

(PI. 1, figs. 6, 18)

Black; moderately slender and convex; head slightly less than

three-fourth width of prothorax; elytra rather deeply striate;

L/W hind tibia about 7. Male prothoracic L/D 1.8; L/W 1.45;

front femur subangulate below near apex, but not dentate; middle

femur with strong, acute tooth below at apex, reaching beyond

apex of femur; middle tibia faintly arcuate, not densely pubescent

within. Female unknown. Measurements: male, 17 by 4.8 mm.

Type: Venezuela. Unique male (B. M.) without more exact

locality, but labeled “3218” and “Bowring. 63, 47*”.

6. Stenomorphus angustatus Dej.

(PI. 1, figs. 7, 26, 27)

Dejean 1831, p. 697

Black or piceous; moderately slender and convex; head about

three-fourth width of prothorax; elytra moderately deeply striate;

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XII, NO. 1

L/W hind tibia 5.5-6.0. Male prothoracic L/D 1.7-1.75 (±) ; L/W

1.3-1.35 (±) ; front femur simple; middle femur moderately

strongly, acutely dentate, tooth reaching about opposite apex of

femur; middle tibia arcuate, not densely pubescent within. Female

prothoracic L/D 1.5 (±) ; L/W 1.1-1. 2. Measurements: male,

12.5-13 by 3.6; female 11-14 by 3.2-4.0 mm.

Type', neighborhood of Cartagena (Colombia) ; probably

now in Oberthiir Collection (not seen). The type was a single

female (supposed by Dejean to be a male), about 10.7 mm.

long. Material seen'. 1 male, 2 females from type locality,

“1103”, “Bowring. 63-47*”; 1 male, 1 female Caracas (Vene-

zuela), “6112a” and “6112b” (all B. M.).

7. Stenomorphus brasiliensis Darlington, n. sp.

(PI. 1, figs. 8, 20, 21)

Piceous; less elongate than usual, moderately convex; head

about three-fourth width prothorax; elytra moderately deeply

striate; L/W hind tibia about 6. Male prothoracic L/D about

1.6; L/W about 1.2; front femur simple; middle femur moderately,

acutely dentate below, tooth reaching about opposite apex of

femur; middle tibia faintly arcuate, not densely pubescent within.

Female prothoracic L/D between 1.4 and 1.45; L/W between 1.05

and 1.1. Measurements: male, 10.5 by 3.1; female, 11 by 3.4 mm.

Types'. Brazil. Holotype male and paratype female from the

Thomson Collection, “77-15 k.” (both B. M.).

8. Stenomorphus manni Dari.

(PI. 1, figs. 9, 29, 30)

Darlington 1934, p. 102

Rufo-piceous to black; slender, moderately convex; head usually

less than three-fourth width prothorax; elytra moderately deeply

striate; L/W hind tibia about 7 or more. Male prothoracic L/D

2 or slightly less; L/W 1.4 (±) ; front femur simple; middle femur

finely notched at lower apical angle; middle tibia straight or even

a little recurved, not densely pubescent within. Female pro-

thoracic L/D 1.6 (±) ; L/W 1.1 (±). Measurements: male, 12.5-

15.5 by 3.3-3.8; female, 9-12.5 by 2. 7-3. 7 mm

Types'. Manneville, Haiti (M. C. Z., 1 paratype now in

U. S. N. M.). Additional material', good series, virtual topo-

types, Douillard (near Port-au-Prince), Haiti, E. M. Ducasse

collector.

DARLINGTON— STENOMORPHUS

9. Stenomorphus californicus (Men.)

(PI. 1, figs. 10-14, 31-39; PI. 2 A, 2B)

Menetries 1844, p. 63 (Agosoma) ; rufipes Leconte 1859, p.

59; batesi Casey 1914, p. 168; scolopax Casey 1914, p. 169; arcua-

tus Casey 1924, p. 122; parallelus Casey 1924, p. 122.

Rufous to piceous or (more rarely) black; elongate, moder-

ately convex, but less so than other species; head three-fourth or

less width prothorax; elytra with strise somewhat variably im-

pressed, usually shallower than in other species; L/W hind tibia

6-7.5, tibia less strongly ridged or grooved than usual in genus.

Male prothoracic L/D 1.8 (very rarely a little less) — 2.1; L/W

1.15-1.4; length prothorax/length elytra about 0.50 to just over

0.60; front femur simple or (very rarely) faintly subangulate

below near apex; middle femur with moderate, acute, rectangular,

or (rarely) obtuse tooth below near apex; middle tibia more or

less arcuate, not densely pubescent within. Female prothoracic

L/D 1.6-1.75 (±); L/W 1.05-1.15 (±).

Measurements: male, 9-17 by 2. 6-4.5; female, 9.5-13 by 2.8-4.0

mm. (extremes rare).

Types', californicus, from California, no more exact locality

(cotypes in M. C. Z. and probably Leningrad Museum) ; rufipes,

(eastern) United States-Mexico boundary, Berlandiere coll,

(type in M. C. Z.) ; batesi, Guanajuato, central Mexico (type in

B. M.) ; scolopax. Ft. Worth, Texas (types in U. S. N M.) ;

parallelus, McPherson, Kansas (type in U. S. N. M.) ; arcuatus,

Dallas, Texas (type in U. S. N. M.).

Material seen: Including the types (I have examined all those

listed above except the Leningrad cotypes) , I have seen a very

large series of thjs species from Missouri, Kansas, Oklahoma,

Louisiana, Texas (including SW Texas and Brownsville) and

Mexico. The Mexican specimens I have seen are 1 female, Vic-

toria; 1 female, Hildago; 1 male Tejupilco, SW State of Mexico;

1 male (type batesi) Guanajuato; 1 female Cocula, Jalisco; 1

female Las Parras (inland from Loreto — W. M. Mann), Baja

California. The species is sometimes common at light in Texas,

especially near Brownsville.

Discussion: Dr. Van Dyke writes me that he has never seen

a Stenomorphus from the State of California and doubts if the

genus occurs there, and Horn long ago made a similar statement

(1882, p. IV). There are, h,owever, two specimens in the Leconte

Collection (M. C. Z.) which purport to be Californian. One,

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XII, NO. 1

although without locality label, bears a penciled label, “cali-

fornicus Men. Type !”. It is evident from Menetries’ original

description (and from Chaudoir, 1844, 478) that he had more

than one specimen, and Leconte is known to have exchanged

extensively with Russian coleopterists, so there is no reason to

doubt that this really is a cotype of calif ornicus. It is a large

male, about 13.5 mm. long( Menetries’ specimens were “7-8

lignes”), but within the range of eastern specimens of the species.

The second specimen is labeled "^‘Agaosoma calif ornicum, Berl.

Mus. Menet”. It is undoubtedly the specimen referred to by-

Leconte (1860, p. 28, PI. 1, figs. 5, 5a) as from “Sacramento?

California”, collected by Woznessensky, who seems to have been

a reputable source of Californian material. It is a very large

male (17 mm.), but otherwise does not differ significantly from

eastern males. I have seen a single (also very large) female

specimen, which seems unquestionably to be calif ornicus, from

Lower California (U. S. N. M.), and the species ranges to th,e

Pacific on the mainland of Mexico. I see no reason to doubt,

therefore, that, if Menetries’ types did not come actually from

the State of California, they came from the peninsula.

Casey’s Stenomorphus hatesi was based on the figure of

'“rufipcs” in the Biologia (Bates 1882, PI. 3, fig. 22). I have

before me, borrowed from the British Museum, the male from

Guanajuato, central Mexico, from which the figure was made,

and which is therefore th,e type of Casey’s species. The figure

is very inaccurate. In the figure the prothorax is about 0.64

times long as elytra, in the specimen it is about 0.55; in the

figure the prothoracic L/W is about 1.7, in the specimen it is

1.37. The specimen is certainly of maximum, narrowness for

californicus, as is the male from Tejupilco, but I do not believe

these specimens can represent more than a minor local variation,

of no significance unless it proves constant in large series.

Leconte’s female type of riifipes, Casey’s male and 3 female

types of scolopax, the female type of parallelus, and the male

(called female by Casey) type of arcuatus are all more or less

normal eastern specimens of the present species.

In spite of much variation even in single localities (PI. 2A)

and more over its entire range (specimens from “California”

run very large; those from central Mexico very narrow), cali-

JANUARY, 1936]

DARLINGTON— STENOMORPHUS

fornicus can easily be recognized by tb,e usually rufescent color,

somewhat depressed form, and usually relatively shallow elytral

striae, as well as by measurements and sexual characters.

Bibliography

Bates 1882, Biologia Centrali- Americana, Coleop., Vol. 1, part 1.

Casey 1914, Memoirs, 5.

1924, Memoirs, 11.

Chaudoir 1844, Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscow, 17, part 3.

Darlington 1934, Psyche, 41.

Dejean 1831, Species Gen. Coleop., 5.

Horn, G. 1881, Trans. American Ent. Soc., 9.

1882, op. cit., 10.

Leconte 1859, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, for 1858.

1860, Exp. & Surv. Mississippi to Pacific, Zool., part

3, No. 1.

Menetries 1844, Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersburg, 2.

Notman 1922, Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., 17.

Tschitscherin 1900, Horse Soc. Ent. Rossicse, 34.

Explanation of Plates

Plate I

Figs. 1-14, camera-lucida outlines of middle legs (tibia and

apex of femur, seen from in front) of Stenomorphus males :

1. dentifemoratus Chd., Escazu, Costa Rica (B. M.) ; 2. con-

vexior Notm., St. Xavier Msn., Tucson, Arizona (Cal. Acad.); 3.

same, Venedios, Sinaloa, Mexico (Cal. Acad.) ; 4. penicillatus Dari.,

type; 5. sinalose Dari., paratype (U. S. N. M.) ; 6. alius Dari.,

type; 7. angustatus Dej., Cartagena (B M.) ; 8. brasiliensis Dari.,

type; 9. manni Dari., type; 10. calif ornicus (Men.), type scolo-

pax; 11. same, cotype calif ornicus; 12. same, Brownsville Texas

(smallest male, U. S. N. M.) ; 13. same, type arcuatus; 14. same,

( ? California) (big Leconte male) .

Fig. 15, prothorax of male Stenomorphus manni Dari., from

left side, to show (broken line) method of measuring depth.

Figs. 16-41, camera-lucida outlines of prothoraces of Steno-

morphus: 16. dentifemoratus Chd., male, Escazu, Costa Rica (B.

M.) ; 17. same, female, Escazu, Costa Rica (B. M.) ; 18. penicilla-

tus Dari., male, type; 19, same, female, Cuernavaca, Mexico (B.

M.) ; 20. brasiliensis Dari., male, type;. 21. same, female, para-

type; 22. sinalose Dari., female, paratype (U. S. N. M.) ; 23. same,

male, paratype (U. S. N. M.) ; 24. convexior Notm., male, St.

Xavier Msn., Tucson, Arizona (Cal. Acad..); 25. same, female,

St. Xavier Msn., Tucson, Arizona (Cal. Acad.); 26. angustatus

Dej., male, Cartagena (B. M.) ; 27. same, female, Cartegena (B.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XII, NO. 1

JANUARY, 1936]

DARLINGTON— STENOMORPHUS

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XII, NO. 1

M.) ; 28. alius Dari., male, type; 29. manni Dari., male, type; 30.

same, female, paratype (M. C. Z.) ; 31. californicus (Men.) male,

cotype; 32. same, male, Brownsville, Texas (M. C. Z.) ; 33, same,

male, type arcuatus; 34. same, male (? California) (big Leconte

male) ; 35. same, male, type scolopax; 36. same, male, type batesi;

37. same, male, Brownsville, Texas (smallest male, U. S. N. M.) ;

38. same, female, type rufipes; 39. same, female. Las Parras, Baja

Calfiornia (U. S. N. M.) ; 40. same, female, paratype scolopax;

41. same, female, type parallelus.

Plate II

A (above). Variation and heterogony in prothoraces of males

of Stenomorphus californicus (Men.) (c/. ante). Abscissae: lengths

of prothorax in units of about 1/30 mm. (153 of my units = 5

mm.). Ordinates \x 2 it\os, of length over depth (L/D) of prothorax,

measurements being to nearest 1/30 mm. Points plotted as “x”

= specimens from Brownsville, Texas (14 specimens from col-

lection Ohio State University; 9, U. S. N. M.; 24, P. J. Darling-

ton Jr.). Dotted line connects averages for groups 81-90, 91-100,

etc. The main graph has been limited to Brownsville specimens,

to avoid introducing geographical variation, but a few other speci-

mens have been added for comparison, each plotted as “o”. They

are 1 (? California) (cotype californicus); 2, Guanajuato, Mexico

(type batesi) ; 3, ( ? California) (big Leconte male) ; 4, Ft.

Worth, Texas (type scolopax); 5, Dallas, Texas (type arcuatus).

The “o’s” have been omitted in computing averages.

B (below). Approximate known ranges of Stenomorphus in

North America:

californicus (Men.). Dots represent extreme localities

for this species; localities not of special interest are

omitted.

/// convexior Notm.

I I I penicillatus Dari.

= sinalose Dari.

Swarming of Haltica himarginata Say

This common alder flea beetle has been reported to be swarm-

ing in enormous numbers this spring. On March first, I noticed

very large numbers assembling in sheltered areas on Mt. St.

Helena. They were acting much as does our common ladybeetle,

Hippodamia convergens Muls., under similar circumstances. —

E. C. Van Dyke.

JANUARY, 1936]

HOPPING— MACROPOGON

A REVISION OF THE GENUS MACROPOGON MOTSCff

BY RALPH HOPPING

Vernon, B. C.

Large collections of the species of the genus Macropogon

have proved that the keys of Horn^ and Brown^ were based more

or less on sexual characters. The antennae in the males are

slightly more slender than in the females, except in the new

species herein described under the name sequoice, where the an-

tennae of both sexes are notably slender. In testaceipennis Horn

and piceus Lee. the antennae have segments 2-3-4 very short in

the male, about as long as wide, while the females have 3 and 4

longer than wide, but in both sexes of sequoice 3 and 4 are much

longer than wide. In all species segments 2, 3 and 4 combined

are longer than 5 in the female, and shorter than 5 in the males.

Probably the most definite sexual difference is in the pro-

thorax. In the males it is inflated behind the middle, sometimes

almost forming lateral tubercles, and compressed before the

middle so that the lateral margin is strongly sinuate and the pro-

notum more or less flattened. In th,e females the margin is

nearly straight or arcuate and the pronotum quite convex.

On the pronotum of all species are more or less polished

areas which if examined closely are parts of a broken heart-

shaped outline. In piceus this outline is generally quite perfect

while in the other species it is more or less indistinct.

Through the kindness of Mr. K. G. Blair of the British mu-

seum I am able to append M. Pic’s description of Macropogon

ruhricollis.

Key to the Species

A. Antennae very slender, segments 3 and 4 longer than 2 in

both sexes, color rufous brown 1. sequoia n. sp.

AA. Antennae comparatively stouter, segments 2-3-4 approximately

as long as wide in the males, 3 and 4 much longer than 2 in

the females; color black or bicolored.

B. Vestiture of the elytra and prothorax dense and long;

elytra never entirely uniform in color, generally dis-

tinctly bicolored 2. testaceipennis Horn

BB. Vestiture of elytra and prothorax shorter and sparser,

color of elytra black 3. piceus Lee.

^ Contribution from the Entomological Branch, Ottawa.

- 1880, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., VIII, p. 77.

® 1929, Can. Ent., Vol. LXI, Dec., p. 273.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XII, NO. 1

1. Macropogon sequoioe Hopping, n. sp.

Length, male, 5-6 mm., female, 6 to 7.5 mm. Color rufous

brown throughout with elytra slightly darker than the rest of

the body.

Holotype, male. Head with front with medium sized punc-

tures well separated; antennae very slender, segment 2 short, as

wide as long, segments 3 and 4 longer than wide, segment 5 longer

than 2-3-4 combined. Prothorax enlarged laterally behind the

middle, constricted before the middle and comparatively flat on

the disc of the pronotum; punctures of the disc of medium size

and sparse; pronotum with a shallow basal transverse impression.

Elytra with striae scarcely at all impressed and strial punctation

well separated, of medium size, becoming slightly smaller toward

the apices; strial intervals with irregular polished points slightly

raised above the surface. Vestiture golden and rather sparse. Pro-

sternum with strongly carinate margin, brown with flavous in-

terior area sparsely tuberculate.

Allotype, female. Differs from the male in the shape of the

prothorax, pronotum more convex with lateral margins nearly

straight, and generally more robust with antennae slightly shorter.

Holotype, bearing the label “VII-15, Kaweah Cal.” No. 3980,

in the Canadian National Collection. Allotype, bearing the same

label, in the author’s collection. Paratypes: 12 males, 8 females.

Six males and 5 females bearing the same label as the types, one

male bearing the label “Kaweah, Tulare Co., Calif. V-1934” and

5 males and 3 females bearing the label “Sequoia National Park,

Cal.,” and the dates May and August 1930 and 1931.

The entire series was sent me by Mr. F. T. Scott of Visalia,

California, and Mr. Roy Wagner of Fresno, California. Para-

types are in the collections of the above, th,e Academy of Sci-

ences of San Francisco, the Canadian National Collection and

of the author.

M. sequoice can easily be separated from any other known

species by the slender antennae, segments 3 and 4 the same in

both sexes, the slender tarsi, and the reddish brown color.

Forty specimens have been examined all from the same gen-

eral locality, the Kaweah River, Tulare Co., California. Those

labelled “Sequoia National Park” are from a slightly higher

elevation th,an those labelled “Kaweah” but in the same general

location.

JANUARY, 1936]

HOPPING— MACROPOGON

2. Macropogon testaceipennis Mots.

Macropogon rubricollis Pic. 1927, Melanges Exot., Ent. L. p. 34.

Macropogon cribricollis Brown. 1929, Can. Ent., Dec., vol. LXI,

p. 274.

Length, male, 4.5-7 mm. ; female, 6-8 mm. The elytra of this

species are very variable in color. In typical specimens the

testaceous elytra have the suture black with apical marginal black

band. This coloring is more or less indefinite and merges to

all black with humeri rufous. Specimens with elytra entirely

rufous except sutural black band are not uncommon. M. Pic’s

rubricollis seems to be such a specimen.

The antennae are stout in the females, more slender in the

males. In the male segments 2 to 4 are about as long as wide,

with the 5th longer than 2, 3, and 4 combined. In th,e female

segments 3 and 4 are longer than wide and 2 to 4 combined

are longer than the 5th. The prothorax in the males is con-

stricted before the middle, while that of the female is straight

or evenly arcuate, and more convex than in the male. This dif-

ference in the protfiorax between the sexes is also constant in

the other species.

The punctation of the prothorax is moderate compared with

piceus and comparatively dense while the interspaces at the

base of the elytra are very wide with striae more deeply im-

pressed and strial punctures large.

In the 70 specimens before me it is noticeable that specimens

captured in March or April are generally light colored and those

taken in late June or July are mostly black with rufous humeri.

This would indicate that they become darker as the season ad-

vances, which is not uncommon in some soecies of coleoptera.

Large series taken at the same time and place also indicate

that males predominate over the females in the early spring and

vice versa later in the summer.

Although more commonly taken in the Sierra Nevada Mts.

it has been found from San Diego to British Columbia in the

coast region. Dr. Horn’s specimens were from Mariposa, Cali-

fornia, as was also rubricollis Pic.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XII, NO. 1

3. Macropogon piceus Lee.

1861, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 362.

Macropogon rufipes Horn, 1880, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., VIII,

p. 79.

Macropogon dubins Brown, 1929, Can. Ent., Dec. vol. LXI,

p. 273.

Length, male, 5-6 mm., female, 6-7 mm. This species is

generally piceus in color although the legs and antennae are

sometimes reddish brown, and more or less shrining. The

synonomy is almost entirely due to the difference in sexual char-

acters as explained in the introduction.

Twenty-five specimens have been examined from British Co-

lumbia, Alberta, Quebec, New Brunswick, and New Hampshire.

Horn gives Oregon, Montana and Illinois, and the Leng Check

List Michigan.

Macropogon rubricollis Pic.

“Angustatus, nitidus, grisea pubescens, ruber, infra corpore

pro parte elytrisque nigropiceis; antennis sat gracilibus; capite

thoraceque fortiter, parum dense, punctatis, illo breve, antice paulo

attenuate; elytris thorace sat latioribus, longissimis, apices attenu-

atis, striatis, striis distincte punctatis. Long. 8 mm. Amerique S^®.

Mariposa.

Espece tres distincte par ses elytres tres long, conjointement

a sa Coloration en majeure partie rougeatre.”

The above description of M. Pic’s M. rubricollis is given as

it is difficult to obtain the publication and it may be useful

to future workers. Mr. H. C. Fall has already relegated M.

dubius Br. and M. cribricollis Br. to the synonmy* and a very

careful comparison of specimens of the latter from B.C. and

specimens of testaceipennis from California have failed to estab-

lish any specific difference.

Mr. W. J. Brown very kindly loaned me a paratype of his

cribricollis and eastern specimens of what was known as pallipes

at th,e same time expressing his belief that it was the same as

piceus. I am also indebted to Mr. H. C. Fall for compari-

sons and to Messrs. Roy Wagner, G. Stace Smith, F. T. Scott

and Hugh B. Leech for their entire collections of the genus

Macropogon.

* 1934, Pan-Pac. Ent., Vol. X, Oct., p. 172.

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E. R. Leach, Treasurer

★ ★

Published at the California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park,

San Francisco, California.

Entered as second-class matter, February 10, 1925, at the postdfBce at

San Francisco, California, under Act of August 24, 1912.

The Pan- Pacific Entomologist

VoL. XII, No. 2 April, 1936

INSECT COLLECTING IN CALIFORNIA— IL

FOOTHILL REGIONS

BY E. G. LINSLEY and R. L. USINGER

Oakland, California

Mt. Diablo

Mt. Diablo is one of the higher peaks of the Coast Range

Mountains of California, attaining an elevation of 3848 feet.

Geologically it forms with Mt. St. Helena and Mt. Hamilton a

series of “islands” originating as fault blocks. The lower slopes

of the mountain are characteristically Upper Sonoran Life Zone,

changing into the Transition as one approaches the summit. It

is on these lower slopes that we concentrate our efforts, since

their fauna is similar to that of the entire dry foothill area

surrounding the great central valley of California. Mrs. F. M.

Abernathy has very kindly offered to illustrate this series of

articles and has very ably executed the two plates' accompanying

the present number.

The lower slopes of Mt. Diablo are characterized by a Pine-

Oak forest, a stream bank association, and chaparral formation.

The Pine-Oak forest contains Pinus sahiniana with its gray

foliage and divided trunk, the squat, bushy Juniperus califor-

nicus, and several kinds of oaks, Quercus agrifolia, Q. dumosa,

and Q. douglasi. Scattered alder trees, Alnus rhomhifolia, wal-

nut, Juglans californica, and buckeye, AEsculus calif orrdca, make

up the stream bank association. The chaparral formation in-

cludes the shrubs Artemesia californica, poison oak, Rhus diversi-

loha, chamise, Adenostoma fasciculatum, and coffee-berry,

Rhamnus calif ornicus.

In the early part of May the sun has not yet dried out the

exposed slopes and the insect fauna still flourishes. Our car

rolls swiftly to Clayton as we approach the mountain from the

northeast. A side road conducts us into the midst of the Digger

Pine belt and leaving our car we make our way up the hillside.

^ Plate I, illustrating some insects of Marin County pertains to the first of

this series: Pan-Pac. Ent. X, pp. 102-106, 1934.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XII, NO. 2

The first insects which we encounter are some small Tineid

moths, Adela flammeusella (see figure), flying about a shrubby

composite, Stenotopsis linearifolius. The males of this species

have antennae at least four times as long as the body and the

larvae live in flowers or seeds, pupating in a case made of two

flat, oval pieces of leaf. The flower-loving buprestids, AcnuBodera

connexa, are also abundant, and we note with interest their

singular method of flying. Because of their firmly united wing

covers they find it difiicult to take off directly and, consequently,

glide from the flowers when disturbed, taking flight in mid-air.

Other visitors to the plant include a small but strikingly marked

noctuid moth, M elide ptria pulchripennis, two species of syrphid

flies, Syrphus americanus and Lasiophthicus pyrasti, and count-

less small black melyrid beetles, Listrus spp.

Scorpion flies, Apterohittacus apterus (see figure), are dis-

covered in the grass nearby. Except for their long probosces

they might easily be mistaken for wingless crane-flies. A quick

sweep of the net and we capture the common brown skipper,

Erynnis propertius. Well concealed by its drab coloration the

large gray lubber grasshopper, Dracotettix plutonis californicus

(see figure), reveals its presence by its short, clumsy hops. As

is usual in this group the females are brachypterous but in this

species we note that the male is also flightless.

Rolling over stones we discover the characteristic webbing

of the small, apterous embiid, Emhia californica, which, curi-

ously enough, is spun with the glands in the greatly enlarged

tarsi of the fore-legs. We also uncover colonies of the sub-

terranean termite, Reticulitermes Hesperus, and occasional large,

bluish gray scophilid centipedes.

Butterflies are not uncommon, but we capture only the very

widely distributed Acmon Blue, Pie be jus acmon, a common

hair-streak, Incisalia iroides, and a small, silver spotted skipper,

Hesperia Juba.

Vigorously applying makeshift clubs to the foliage of the

oaks we dislodge a myriad insect population including numer-

ous small, orange plant bugs, Gerhardiella delicata, large

arboreal camel crickets, Gammarotettix bilobatus, and a single

example of the mantispid, Climaciella brunnea occidentis, whose

larvae are parasitic on the eggs of Lycosa spiders. This mantis-

APRIL, 1936]

LINSLEY AND USINGER— COLLECTING

aduH

0mu6 cahfoi'nicus

Da^ciHuiS daoidiSoni

dknopelmatus hngispina

Plate 1

EAbtrnati^

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yOL. XII, NO. 2

like neuropteron is truly an entomological monstrosity, recalling

the proverbial “humbug” used perennially by students in unsuc-

cessful attempts to befuddle their professors.

On the trunk of a dying oak we find the ball-like fungus,

Polyporus rheades, a natural free lunch counter for many

denizens of the insect world. We break this open and rudely

intrude upon the privacy of Cis beetles and lepidopterous

larvae. These latter prove to be young of the fungus moth.

Tinea defectella. Here we also capture the rare, gray and black

longicorn, Brothylus cons per sus, which vainly seeks seclusion in

a crevice of the bark.

Passing through the oak trees we find ourselves in a broad

clearing surrounded by Digger Pines. Breathing in a dense

cloud of pollen and acquiring hands full of pitch we beat the

lower branches of these trees, unloosening hundreds of bark

psocids, Peripsocus californicus from the twigs, and small, dark

weevils Rhinomacer comptus, from the male blossoms. The

tips of the branches harbor metallic Scythropus weevils which

feed upon the needles, and colonies of flat bugs, Aradus cinna-

momeus, which are unique among this large, cosmopolitan and

otherwise fungophagous group, in feeding upon tender shoots

rather than fungi. More rarely we capture the pale, bark-colored

cerambycid, Policenus alhidus, which bores in the dead twigs

and is apt to be overlooked among the rubbish in the beating

sheet.

An examination of the persistent cones reveals a few scurry-

ing silverfish and, of more interest to us, nymphs and adults

of a curious lygaeid bug, Gastrodes conicola (see figure), which

hides in the cones during the day, coming out only at night to

suck the juices of the foliage.

Resting in the sun on the topmost branches of young trees

we find two metallic wood-borers, the placid buprestid, Chryso-

phana placida, and the obscure black Melanophila californica.

In the center of a large field we come upon a colony of the

beautiful checkered beetle, Aulicus terrestris (see figure). This

elegant clerid, unlike most of its forest- loving relatives, is found

only in company with the lubber grasshopper, Esselenia van-

duzeei (see figure), whose eggs are a plentiful and fresh source

of nourishment for the elongate pink larvae. The adult beetles.

APRIL, 1936] LINSLEY and USINGER— collecting 53

A dele FlamwsuQellcf.

r- ’S

Aulicus iei'tedt'i’S

BradoieitiTc pluionis

vof! califomicus

Plate II

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yOL. XII, NO. 2

however, preferring a somewhat heavier diet, feed upon hairless

caterpillars and we find many females feeding upon army worms

and geometrid larvae. The voracious females eat until they are

scarcely able to fly and it is only in this engorged state that

the discriminating males may be attracted.

On an exposed, moist bank, we encounter a group of dark

bluish bees, Osmia lignaria, digging into the soft earth and gath-

ering mud with which to line their nests.

As the day draws to a close, we regretfully turn back to the

car. Out bottles are full but our work has scarcely started as

the material all awaits mounting and study during many hours

to come.

Pope Valley

Another type of Upper Sonoran fauna is found on a few

scattered serpentine ridges in Central California. These are

distinguished by the presence of the Sargent Cypress, Cupressus

sargentii, and its various varieties. The most easily accessible

localities where this flora, with its specialized fauna, may be

found are Pope Valley in Napa County, the lower slopes of

Mt. St. Helena, Cypress Ridge near Fairfax in Marin County,

and Cedar Mountain Ridge in the Livermore Hills of Alameda

County. A visit to Pope Valley gives us an opportunity to

study this fauna more closely. The Sargent Cypress is a shrub-

like tree from five to fifteen feet high, with a dusty-looking,

bluish green, aromatic foliage.

On the foliage thin, transparent scales, Aonidia shastce may

be observed. These resemble small drops of resin. Near the

tips of the branches are found white cocoons of the golden-

black microlepidopteron, Ar gyresthia franciscella, the larvae of

which mine the leaflets causing them to fall. Beating discloses

a host of extremely local species. The leaves harbor the bril-

liantly metallic leaf beetle, Colaspis oregonus, dark round

lygaeids, Ischnorrhynchus ohovatus, whose congeners are typically

found on alders, and large numbers of sawfly larvae.

More rarely we capture the large, mottled, gray and black

shield bug, Tetyra rohusta, the sordid stink bug, Banassa sordida,

and a red and blue oedemerid, Copodita bicolor. This latter

we find also in Calochortus flowers which it visits in search of

pollen.

APRIL, 1936]

LINSLEY AND USINGER— COLLECTING

Three species of long-horns are found on the dead branches.

The beautiful blue and red Semanotus cupressi occurs on storm

broken branches which are still hanging on the tree, whereas

the obscure Atimia heleruE and the slender black Vandykea

tuberculata bore in the dead lower limbs.

An oval emergence hole near the base of a living tree indi-

cates the presence of the iridescent bronze and black buprestid,

Trachykele hartmanni. Prompted by this clue we cut into the

trunk and are fortunate enough to capture a mature specimen

of this much sought-after prize, in its pupal cell. This genus

is remarkable for the jewel-like brilliancy of some of its species,

all of which are restricted to America and to cupressine trees.

The loosened bark exposes the characteristically hook-shaped,

crenulate engravings of a cypress barkbeetle, Phlososinus vario-

latus, which, in Marin County, is preyed upon by a red and

black clerid, Enoclerus cupressi. Within the green, peltate cones

we find reddish or greenish larvae of the eucosmid moth, Carpo-

capsa cupressina, thus completing our brief survey of the inter-

esting fauna of Pope Valley.

Pupation of Haltica bimarginata Say

The recent note by Dr. Van Dyke in the Pan-Pacific Ento-

mologist concerning the swarming of the alder flea beetle

prompts another note on the biology of this common beetle. In

the Spring of 1934 near Tanforan, California, the larvas of this

beetle was observed boring into a semi-rotten willow limb. Upon

chopping into the limb to a depth of two inches many pupal

cells were found containing pupae and freshly transformed adults.

As stated in different bulletins and text books this beetle has

been known to pupate only in the ground. — P. C. Ting.

Dikraneura ^gra New Name

Through the kindness of W. L. McAtee attention was called

to the fact that the name Dikraneura mera Beamer, Pan-Pacific

Ent., Vol. XII, p. 7, 1936, is preoccupied. I therefore, propose

the name Dikraneura cegra for this species. — R. H. Beamer.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XII, NO. 2

SOME BEES OF THE GENUS ASHMEADIELLA

BY CHARLES D. MICHBNER

Pasadena, California

In the present paper I have considered two groups of Ash-

meadiella: first, those with the margin of the clypeus of the

female dentate or toothed; and second, those in which the body

is black, but the legs at least partly red. The latter group is

apparently confined to desert areas, and the species have more

abundant pale pubescence than is found in most other forms.

I also include descriptions of five new species not belonging

to either of these groups.

I wish to thank Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell for the use of his

collection and for many helpful suggestions.

Ashmeadiella timberlakei Michener, n. sp.

Female (type): Length 6 mm.; facial line distinctly longer

than transfacial; inner orbits about parallel within, slightly

divergent below upper margin of clypeus ; lower margin of clypeus

trilobed, the median lobe largest and notched in the middle; mandi-

bles black, three toothed, the inner tooth broad with an oblique

edge; antennas black, the under side of flagellum more or less

brownish; clypeus shiny with rather large punctures; rest of head

and dorsum of thorax slightly shiny or dullish, with rather small

close punctures, those of vertex about the same size as those of

anterior part of scutum, but rest of scutum with somewhat larger

punctures; pleura more shiny, with better separated punctures

than those of dorsum of thorax; legs black, the hind femora and

area on inner side of hind tibiae red; tegulae testaceous, or black

in front; wings slightly gray; abdomen black, the sides of tergites

one to five red, the red more and more restricted posteriorly, leav-

ing anteriorly only a rather narrow black band which ends at

the upper edge of the basal concavity of first tergite; punctures

of dorsum of second and third tergites rather small, not dense,

those of first tergite a little finer, those of last three tergites

and sides of second and third somewhat larger and denser; pubes-

cence dull white, abundant on sides of face, around antennae, on

cheeks, forming a narrow line above tegulae and on posterior edge

of scutum, not forming spots of hair at anterior edge of scutum,

rather long on pleura (especially around edges) and on scutellum

(especially posteriorly), and forming narrow bands on tergites

one to five; apex of abdomen with some hair between the bands;

scopa dull white.

Male: Length 5-5.5 mm.; similar to female but red of abdo-

APRIL, 1936]

MICHENER— ASHMEADIELLA

men a little more extensive, at the sides reaching to the lateral

teeth of apex of abdomen; clypeus normal, dullish, with rather

small close punctures; apex of abdomen with four red teeth, the

lateral ones very broad, the lateral edge of sixth tergite convex;

median teeth about parallel sided, longer than basal width; mandi-

bles with a faint red band near apex; face duller than vertex,

the change occurring just below the level of anterior ocellus;

pubescence sparser than in female; posterior margins of tergites

reddish; black band up center of abdomen extending onto basal

concavity.

California: Altadena (type locality), May 12 and 13, 1934,

and June 1, 1935, one on Lotus scoparius; La Crescenta, May

5, 1934, on Lotus scoparius'. Crystal Lake, San Gabriel Moun-

tains, July 7, 1934, on Verbena prostrata (all Michener, Coll.).

The apical teeth of the male abdomen are sometimes evenly

spaced, at other times the lateral spaces are much narrower than

the median one. The lateral teeth appear wider than in the figure

if the view is somewhat from the side.

The nearest relative of this species is A. cly peodentata Mich.

These species differ in the form of the clypeus of the female,

etc. The male A. timherlakei resembles A. howardi Ckll. in the

broad lateral apical teeth of the abdomen, but howardi has the

hind legs black, etc.

Named after Mr. P. H. Timberlake, in recognition of his ex-

tensive studies of California bees.

Ashmeadiella clypeodentata Michener, n. sp.

Female: Length 6 mm.; facial line hardly longer than trans-

facial; inner orbits about parallel, their lower parts a little di-

vergent; lower margin of clypeus trilobed, but quite different

from that of A. timherlakei (see figure) ; mandibles black;

flagellum faintly brownish beneath; clypeus rather shiny, with

moderate sized, not dense, punctures; rest of head and thorax

slightly shiny, with rather small dense punctures, those of an-

terior part of scutum a little finer than those of rest of scutum;

punctures of pleura not so dense as those of scutum; legs very

dark brown, nearly black, the claw joints of tarsi faintly rufescent;

tegulae dark reddish; wings clear; abdomen black, with rather

small sparse punctures, coarser on center of second tergite than

on third, finer and closer on first tergite, closer on apical tergites

and sides of others; pubescence rather abundant, white, grayish

on scutellum and around antennae, dense on sides of face, around

antennae, and on cheeks; pubescence abundant but not so dense

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yOL. XII, NO. 2

on pleura (especially edges), on edges of clypeus, on scutellum,

on edges of scutum, and on legs; no spots of pubescence on an-

terior part of scutum; abdominal bands rather narrow, the first

widened at sides; last tergite with quite a little light hair; scopa

nearly white.

Puerto Refugio, Angel de la Guarda Island, Gulf of Cali-

fornia, May 1, 1921 (Van Duzee). This is the cotype of A.

crassa Ckll., but the clypeal structure is so entirely different

from that described for crassa that the two are certainly different

species. Differs from A. timberlakei Mich, by lack of red, dif-

ferent clypeal structure, etc.

The type is in the collection of the California Academy of

Sciences (C.A.S., Ent. No. 4164).

Ashmeadiella h^matopoda Cockerell

Female: A large part of face covered with white pubescence;

pleura covered with hair; band on first tergite widened at sides;

fore femora entirely red; upper part of pleura red in one speci-

men; facial line hardly longer than transfacial; vertex dullish

with rather small, close punctures, closer than those of scutum;

clypeus truncate, as usual in the genus.

Male: Much like the female but punctation of vertex not quite

so close, a little coarser than that of scutum; posterior margins

of tergites reddish; pubescence more dense, entirely covering face

and pleura and forming a broad band around scutum; teeth of

abdomen usually red, the laterals slender and pointed, longer than

basal width, the median ones long and parallel sided, more than

twice as long as basal width.

Palm Springs, Riverside County, California, August 29, 1934,

on Petalonyx thurberi (Michener, Coll.).

The females apparently have more red on fore legs and more

hair on face than the type (which I have not seen). This may

indicate a distinct species or subspecies.

This species is variable in size. One female is hardly 5 mm.

long, while all the others are between 6.5 and 7 mm. Males

are a little over 5 mm., a little over 6 mm., or about 7 mm.

in length.

Ashmeadiella bigelovi.® (Cockerell)

A. rufipes Titus is probably a synonym. The fore legs of

the female vary from black to largely reddish in specimens from

the same locality, so this cannot be a specific character. A.

APRIL, 1936]

MICHENER— ASHMEADIELLA

rufipes is larger, but this is a variable character (see notes under

A. hcematopoda) . It is possible that rufipes is distinct, but I

am certain that my California specimens are the same as the

New Mexico ones.

Female: Length 6 mm.; facial line a little longer than trans-

facial; eyes only slightly converging below; clypeus coarsely and

closely punctate, shiny, the apex truncate; vertex and scutum

shiny, with rather large, fairly dense punctures; apical tergite

thinly covered with white pubescence.

Male: Length nearly 5 to nearly 6 mm.; facial line a little

longer than transfacial; face covered with white pubescence; ver-

tex and scutum shiny, with moderate sized or rather large well

separated punctures; tegulae reddish or nearly black; wings clear;

abdomen with moderate sized well separated punctures on first

few segments, those of posterior segments a little closer; median

teeth of apex of abdomen translucent, about one and one-half times

as long as wide; lateral teeth shorter and rather slender and

pointed.

California: Palm Springs, Riverside County, August 28, 1934,

on Petalonyx thurheri (Michener, Coll.) ; Hodge, Mojave Desert,

September 14, 1935, on Cleomella ohtusifolia (Michener, Coll.) ;

Victorville, September 14, 1935, on Cleomella ohtusifolia (Mich-

ener, Coll.) ; Helendale, Mojave Desert, September 14, 1935, on

Cleomella ohtusifolia (Michener, Coll.).

Arizona: Florence Junction, June 15, 1934 (M. & H. James).

I have also seen one of the original New Mexico specimens.

Ashmeadiella rhodopus Michener, n. sp.

Male (type) : Length nearly 6 mm.; facial line slightly shorter

than transfacial; face entirely covered with white hairs; antennas

nearly black; mandibles black with a broad red band before apex;

vertex and scutum shiny with moderate sized, not very dense,

punctures; tegulae testaceous; wings clear; legs as in A. bigelovise;

abdomen similar to that of higelovise but punctures much finer;

extreme sides of first tergite red; pubescence a little more abun-

dant than in bigeloviss; lateral teeth of apex of abdomen red, a

little longer than basal width; median teeth about parallel sided,

not twice as long as basal width.

Female: Length 6.5 mm.; similar to male but clypeus not

covered with pubescence, its punctures moderate sized and elon-

gate; sides of first tergite not reddish; anterior margin of scutum

with a pair of hair spots. (In the male these are connected by

a broad band of pubescence, so that they do not show as spots.)

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XII, NO. 2

Monserrate Island, Gulf of California (type locality), June

13, 1921 (Van Duzee) ; Angeles Bay, Gulf of California, June

17, 1921 (Van Duzee).

This is the A. rufipes of Cockerell, 1924. Probably other

locality records for rufipes, given in the same paper, really refer

to rhodopus. A. rhodopus differs from Ai bigelovice by the

longer teeth of the male abdomen, and the finer punctation, the

clypeus of the female being dull and finely punctate, compared

with the coarsely punctate clypeus of bigelovice. I have not

seen specimens in which the fore legs are black as in some A.

bigelovice.

The type is in the collection of the California Academy of

Sciences. (C.A.S., Ent. No. 4165).

Fig. 1, anterior margin of clypeus of Ashmeadiella timberlakei

Mich., $ ; fig. 2, same of A. clypeodentata Mich., $ ; fig. 3, Apex

of abdomen of A. timberlakei Mich., $ ; fig. 4, same of A. hsema-

topoda Ckll., $ ; fig. 5, same of A. bigelovice (Ckll.), $ ; fig. 6,

same of A. rhodopus Mich., $ .

Ashmeadiella lateralis Michener, n. sp.

Male: Length 5.5 mm.; quite similar to A. timberlakei Mich.,

but punctation of face a little coarser and not showing a distinct

sudden change to the coarser punctation of vertex; face wider,

the facial line slightly shorter than transfacial; scutum not so

finely punctate anteriorly; red markings all dark red, not bright

as in A. timberlakei’, hind femora red, and apices of middle femora

red beneath; red of abdomen restricted, not extending onto sixth

segment, and gradually shading into the black; teeth of apex of

abdomen black, or the laterals faintly reddish, the median ones

broader at bases, more pointed at tips, more triangular, than in

A. timberlakei’, front of scutum with two small hair spots.

APRIL, 19361

MICHENER— ASHMEADIELLA

Holotype: Eagle Rock Hills, Los Angeles County, California,

April 14, 1933, on Rhamnus crocea (Michener, Coll.).

Differs from A. howardi Ckll. by the color of the red mark-

ings, the shape of the median apical teeth of the abdomen, etc.

Ashmeadiella maxima Michener, n. sp.

Female: Length 8 to 9 mm.; very robust species; facial line

considerably shorter than transfacial; eyes converging below;

clypeus truncate at apex as usual in this genus; mandibles and

antennas black; vertex and scutum rather finely punctate, the ver-

tex a very little more closely so than scutum, the latter not closely

punctate, especially in center; clypeus closely punctate, the punc-

tures a little coarser than those of vertex; punctures of pleura closer

than those of scutum but about the same size; tegulas black or

slightly brownish; legs black; wings very slightly grayish; abdo-

men rather finely and closely punctate, on dorsum more finely so

than on scutum; the first tergite not appreciably more finely

punctate than second and third, the third shinier and more coarsely

punctate than second; laterally and to some extent posteriorly

the punctures are coarser than on dorsum of first few tergites;

pubescence quite abundant, dull white, covering face nearly to

ocelli (that of clypeus dull in most lights and not obscuring sur-

face) , abundant on cheeks, pleura (especially around edges),

scutellum (especially posteriorly), anterior margin of scutum, and

sides of scutum above tegulae; anterior margin of scutum with

two small spots of hair; abdominal bands conspicuous, white, that

of first segment widened at sides; clypeus with brushes of orange

hair below the margin; ventral scopa pale yellowish white.

Male: Length nearly 7 mm.; similar to female; face densely

covered with white pubescence; transfacial line not so much longer

than facial; abdomen nearly as coarsely and closely punctate as

the scutum, the first tergite a little more finely punctate than sec-

ond, the third more shiny and more coarsely punctate than sec-

ond; teeth at apex of abdomen black, the laterals rather broad,

the median ones a little longer, narrowed apically but not pointed,

somewhat widened at base; claw joints of tarsi slightly rufescent.

Holotype female and a paratype of each sex: Devils River,

Texas, May 6 and 7, 1907, on Marilaunidium or igani folium and

Gaillardia pulchella ( F. C. Bishopp, Coll. ) .

The holotype is in Prof. T. D. A. Cockrell’s collection.

The apex of the male abdomen is much like that of A. cali-

fornica (Ashm.) but the median apical teeth are a little shorter.

The large size and broad face of the female are very distinctive.

The closest relative is A. suhmaxima Mich, (to be described else-

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yOL, XII, NO. 2

where) which has the punctation of the vertex (male) coarser

than that of the scutum.

Ashmeadiella cockerelli Michener, n. sp.

Male: Length nearly 5 mm.; form robust; eyes slightly con-

vergent below except for their lower ends; antennae black, the

flagellum very faintly dusky brown beneath; mandibles with a

faint subapical red band; face dull, finely and closely punctate,

especially at anterior margin of clypeus; vertex rather shiny, more

coarsely but quite closely punctate; scutum anteriorly very finely

and closely punctate, medially and posteriorly a very little more

finely punctate than vertex; abdomen finely but not very sparsely

punctate, the punctures considerably finer than those of vertex;

apical teeth of abdomen black, short, the median ones much broad-

ened at base and triangular; tegulae black, their outer margins

dark testaceous; legs black, the claw joints of tarsi dull brown;

wings slightly dusky; pubescence dull white, not very abundant,

present on sides of face, anterior margin of clypeus, pronotum,

front and sides of scutum, scutellum, and pleura, but nowhere

except on sides of face and margin of clypeus dense enough to

obscure surface; abdomen with inconspicuous hair bands, and some

hair between bands apically; hair on under sides of tarsi reddish.

Holotype: Altadena, California, May 12, 1935 (Michener) ,

in Michener Collection.

Distinguished from all other known species except A. timber-

lakei Mich, by the very finely punctate anterior third or fourth

of scutum, contrasting with the vertex and rest of scutum. A.

timherlakei is a species with red markings and broad lateral

apical abdominal teeth. A. aridula is a much more coarsely

punctate species.

Ashmeadiella florissantensis Michener, n. sp.

Male: Length 5.5 to 6 mm.; facial line about equal to trans-

facial; inner orbits slightly convergent below; mandibles black;

antennae black, the under side of the flagellum obscurely dusky;

head somewhat shining, with rather small close punctures; most

of punctures of scutum larger and better separated, the scutum

strongly shining; legs black, the claw joints of tarsi rufescent;

wings slightly gra 3 dsh; punctures of abdomen fine, even finer than

those of head, especially fine but not very sparse on dorsum of

first two or three tergites, closer and a little coarser posteriorly

and laterally, where the punctures are like those of pleura and

cheeks, but finer than those of vertex; apex of abdomen with the

usual four teeth, the lateral ones rather broad, the median about

APRIL, 1936]

MICHENER— ASHMEADIELLA

twice as long as basal width, slender; pubescence rather sparse,

abundant and covering the surface on sides of face and anterior

margin of clypeus, copious but not covering the surface around

bases of antennae, on cheeks, edges of pleura and sides of scutum;

posterior edge of scutellum with a fringe of very long hairs; abdo-

minal bands narrow, not very conspicuous; pubescence dull white

slightly ochraceous on scutellum and around bases of antennae.

Female: Length nearly 6 mm.; facial line a little longer than

transfacial; eyes nearly parallel within; clypeus with rather large,

not very close, punctures, its apex truncate as usual in this genus;

vertex and scutum shining with moderate sized, not very close,

punctures, those of vertex a very little finer than those of scutum ;

punctures in front of ocelli finer than those behind them; punc-

tures of abdomen finer than in the male, exceedingly fine and

rather sparse on dorsum of first three tergites, a little coarser

on third than on second; pubescence similar to that of male but

a little more abundant, that of dorsum of thorax faintly yellowish

or ochraceous; clypeus and apex of abdomen with some very faintly

ochraceous hair; scopa yellowish white.

Holotype male and paratypes: Florissant, Colorado, June 1 to

23, one on Potentilla and one on Senecio (Rohwer). (These

have been recorded as A. cactorum (Ckll.). Paratypes: Meeker,

Colorado, about 40° 2'N., 107° 55'W., 6200 feet elevation, July

20-21, 1919 (F4391B) ; South Fork, Colorado, June 17, 1919,

about 37° 40'N, 106° 38' W., 8200 feet elevation (F4356) ;

Ouray, Colorado, July 11-14, 1919, about 38° I'N., 107° 40'W.,

8500 feet elevation (F4378D) .

The type is in Prof. T. D. A. Cockrell’s Collection.

This species is similar to A. coloradensis Ckll., especially in

the female, but tbe male bas much longer median apical teeth

and the female is more robust, with a larger head than A. colo-

radensis. This species is also similar to A. calif ornica (Ashm.),

but is usually smaller, with a more coarsely and sparsely punc-

tate clypeus in the female, etc.

Ashmeadiella altadenae Michener, n. sp.

Male: Length nearly 5 mm.; somewhat similar to A. aridula

Ckll. but pubescence more abundant and browner, mandibles with

their middle halves reddish; tegulae dark brown; under side of

flagellum brown; pubescence, in addition to covering scutellum and

forming a margin around scutum, forms four short longitudinal

lines on anterior part of scutum; pleura and cheeks quite densely

covered with pubescence; tarsi brown; body more finely punctate

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XII, NO. 2

than in aridula, the vertex and scutum with rather small punc-

tures, those of vertex close, those of scutum sparser, the scutum

appearing shinier than the vertex; first few tergites with both

basal and apical hair bands; apex of abdomen with the lateral

teeth slender and pointed, the median ones rather long, parallel

sided, subtruncate at apices, about one and one-half times as long

as basal width or a little longer; second abscissa of cubital vein

shorter than usual in the genus; abdomen finely and not very

sparsely punctate, more finely so than vertex and scutum.

Holotype: Altadena, California, May 12, 1934 (Michener),

in Michener Collection.

Differs from A. calif ornica (Ashm.) by smaller size, more

finely punctate vertex and scutum, broader median apical

teeth of abdomen, and broader, though pointed, stipites. No

other known species has the median apical teeth of the abdomen

as in this one.

Book Notice

Musgrave, Anthony. Bibliography of Australian Entomology

1775-1930 with bibliographical notes on authors and collectors.

Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales. 380 pages. Sept.

1932.

To the American worker in most fields of Entomology the

insect fauna of Australia is exceedingly remote and yet this bibli-

ography contains much of interest to any entomologist. The

literature of Australian Entomology is scattered in many publi-

cations that have appeared in Europe and the United States as

well as in Australia and in its preparation almost every dis-

tinguished entomologist since the time of Linnaeus has partici-

pated. Consequently the biographical notes in this compilation

include almost a roster of the more active systematic entomolo-

gists of Europe and America. The historical notes on early voy-

ages and explorations are of value to anyone interested in the

history of scientific exploration.

The volume is an exceedingly important addition to our

bibliographic lists. The form in which it is presented is excel-

lent and the proof reading has evidently been most carefully

done. Its author has accomplished what must have been an ex-

tremely laborious task in most excellent fashion. — G. F. Ferris.

APRIL, 1936]

ESSIG— CALIFORNIA APHIDID^

NEW CALIFORNIA APHIDID^

BY E. O. ESSIG

The Adenocaulon Aphid

Macrosiphum adenocaulonaB Essig, n. sp.

This large shining dark- red, greenish-maroon, or almost black

aphid is singular in its habit of feeding on the glandular flower

stems of Adenocaulon hicolor Hooker and assuming the grotesque

attitude of clinging head down to the stems by means of the

rostrum and forelegs and with the abdomen, and hind legs and

middle legs suspended in air at a considerable angle to the plant.

(See figure 1). The first specimens were discovered on plants

growing in the redwood forest along the California State Red-

wood Highway near Pepperwood, Humboldt County, California,

June 17, 1936 by one of my students Olive P. McGinnis. A

large series of specimens were taken at this locality, but the

species was not observed elsewhere in the county. On August

9, 11, 1935, I took a large series of adult apterous females on

the same host plant growing on the floor of the yellow pine

forest at Jack’s Camp, Meadow Valley, Plumas County, Cali-

fornia, at an elevation of about 4,000 feet.

Winged viviparous female. Shining maroon or reddish, often

with a tinge of olive-green. The head, antennae, thorax, apices

of the femora and tibiae, and the cornicles dusky to black; cauda

concolorous with the body or somewhat paler. Spines rather con-

spicuous on the antennae, legs, and cauda. Antennae only slightly

longer than the body; length of segments: I, 0.15 mm.; II, 0.07

mm.; Ill, 0.80 mm.; IV, 0.65 mm.; V, 0.55 mm.; VI, 0.95 mm.

(base, 0.17 mm.; unguis, 0.78 mm.) ; total 3.17 mm. There is a

wide variation in the total lengths of the antennae in different

individuals, but the comparative lengths of the various segments

approximate the above measurements. Secondary circular sensoria

occur only on III and vary from 20 to 36 for 36 antennae examined:

the average is about 26. The rostrum extends to the third coxae

and is characterized by having IV long and slender (0.17 mm.)

and V very minute. Cornicles dusky, sub-cylindrical, tapering

slightly apically, somewhat recurved, strongly imbricated, and

reticulated throughout the apical third as illustrated; length 0.9

to 1 mm. Cauda long, slender, and with numerous hairs or spines;

length 0.40 mm., or slightly less than half the length of the

cornicles. Length of body, including cauda, 3 mm.; width 1.10

mm. ; length of forewing 4 mm.

THE pan-pacific ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. XII, NO. 2

Aptero%LS viviparous female. Shining reddish or olivaceous

throughout with the head and antennae dusky and the apices of

the tibiae, the tarsi, and cornicles dusky or black; the cauda fre-

quently paler than the body. Lengths of the antennal segments:

I, 0.15 mm.; II, 0.07 mm.; Ill, 0.82 mm.; IV, 0.59 mm.; V, 0.54

mm.; VI, 0.97 mm. (base, 0.18 mm.; unguis, 0.79 mm.); total 3.14

mm. The circular secondary sensoria are distributed over III,

excepting the extreme base and the apical third, and vary in

Fig. 1. Macrosiphum adenocaulonx n. sp. feeding on the

flower stem of Adenocaulon bicolor Hooker, showing characteris-

tic attitude. (Drawing by Virginia McPheter.)

APRIL, 1936]

ESSIG— CALIFORNIA APHIDID^

number from 11 to 18 with an average of 13. The cornicles are

similar to those of the winged forms, but are larger and usually

more recurved; length 1 mm. The length of the cauda is 0.47

mm.; length of the body, including the cauda, 3.8 mm., width

1.5 mm.

Fig. 2. Macrosiphum adenocaulonai n. sp. Important anatomi-

cal parts all drawn to scale. A, apterous female; R, rostrum; W,

winged female. (Drawings by Virginia McPheter.)

This species is closely related to Macrosiphum longirostris

Gillette and Palmer and M. rudbeckioc (Fitch). From the for-

mer it is distinguished by the paler color, fewer secondary sen-

soria on antennal segment III of both the alate and apterous

forms, more and longer caudal spines, and by the wholly darker

cornicles. From the latter it differs in having fewer secondary

sensoria, narrower cornicles, much slenderer apical segments of

the rostrum, and much less pigmentation of the appendages.

Although many other kinds of plants were growing in the

immediate vicinity of those infested with Macrosiphum adeno-

caulonce n. sp., the aphid appeared to restrict its feeding to

Adenocaulon hicolor Hooker.

THE PAN-pacific entomologist [vol. xii, no. 2

These descriptions have been drawn from a large series of

alate and apterous specimens consisting of 23 slides from Hum-

boldt County and 11 slides from Plumas County, California, all

of which are designated as cotypes and are in the author’s col-

lection.

Macrosiphum scoliopi Essig, n. sp.

(Figure 3)

Winged viviparous female. White to very pale yellow with a

considerable portion of the body marked dusky or black as fol-

lows: head and antennae dusky; prothorax dusky with a black

longitudinal vitta on each side; legs mostly dusky with the bases

of the femora and tibiae paler and the tarsi dusky to black; meso-

Fig. 3. Macrosiphum scoliopi Essig, n. sp. Winged vivipar-

ous female: 1, antenna; 2, antennal segment III; 4, and 5, cor-

nicles; 10, cauda; 12, wings; 13, rostrum. Apterous female: 3,

antenna; 6, and 7, cornicles; 11, cauda. 8, cornicle of winged

form of Macrosiphum aucubas Bartholomew, and 9, cornicle of

winged form of Myzus circumflexus (Buckton), two similar species,

shown for comparison. (Drawing by Virginia McPheter.)

APRIL, 1936]

ESSIG— CALIFORNIA APHIDID^

and metathorax dusky; abdomen with a large indefinite median

black dorsal patch and two rather narrow transverse black areas

in front and one or two behind the median patch; cauda, anal

plate, and cornicles dusky to black. On the vertex of the head

is a pair of small, clear tubercles which resemble, in mounted

specimens, very small ocelli. Frontal tubercles well-formed and

almost perpendicular on the inner margins. Antennae slightly

longer than the body; the lengths of the segments as follows:

I, 0.09 mm.; II, 0.06 mm.; Ill, 0.47 mm.; IV, 0.39 mm.; V, 0.34

mm.; VI, 0.97 mm. (base, 0.15 mm.; unguis, 0.82 mm.); total

2.32 mm. From 11 to 18, or an average of 14, circular secondary

sensoria occur usually in a row throughout the length of III, ex-

cepting the extreme basal and apical areas. No secondary sen-

soria occur on other segments. Rostrum reaching to the second

coxae, length 0.65 mm. Wings with noticeably dark veins and

stigma. Cornicles cylindrical with somewhat wider bases and

slight constrictions throughout the apical fifth of each; the con-

stricted areas being plainly reticulated, whereas the remaining

portions are imbricated; length 0.55 mm. Cauda fairly slender

and tapering, with six pairs of long hairs; length 0.2 mm. Length

of body 2 mm.; width 0.9 mm., length of forewing 3.3 mm.

Apterous viviparous female. Pale-yellow or whitish through-

out and robust; the epidermis finely wrinkled. Frontal tubercles

prominent with numerous capitate hairs. Antennas with tip of

segment V and all of VI dark; length of segments: I, 0.10 mm.;

II, 0.07 mm.; Ill, 0.40 mm.; IV, 0.31 mm.; V, 0.28 mm.; VI, 0.82

mm. (base, 0.13 mm.; unguis, 0.69 mm.); total 1.98 mm.; with-

out secondary sensoria. Tarsi black. Cornicles somewhat more

tapering than in the alate form, otherwise similar as to the apical

constrictions and reticulations; length 0.58 mm. Cauda conical

0.17 mm. long. Length of body 2 mm., greatest width 1 mm.

Specimens of this aphid were first taken hy the writer on

the leaves of the showy lily, Lilium speciosum Thunh. rubrum

Hort., at Oakland, California, July 25, 1916. Since they were

confused with the common lily aphid, Myzus circumflexus (Buck-

ton), only three alate and two apterous individuals were pre-

served on a single slide. The species was again collected hy

me on the undersides of the small native liliaceous plant, Scolio-

pus higelovii Torrey, growing on the shady hank of Eel River

at Fort Seward, Humholdt County, California, May 30 to June

5, 1935. Since the leaves of these plants were normally drying

at this early season the aphid must have heen migrating to other

hosts, which were not discovered before leaving the locality on

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yoL. XII, NO. 2

June 23d, although a diligent search was made for additional

host plants.

This new species was described from 7 alates and 28 apterous

individuals mounted on 8 slides, which are designated as co-

types and are in the author’s collection.

Macrosiphum scoliopi n. sp. is most likely to he confused

with Macrosiphum aucubce Bartholomew and My ms circumflexus

(Buckton), from which it is readily distinguished hy the cor-

nicles. See figure 3.

The Water Cress Aphid

Myzus langei Essig, n. sp.

(Figure 4)

The individuals are pinkish or green with dusky to hlack

markings.

Winged viviparous female. Mostly black with variable amounts

of pink or green background. The head, antennae, tips of femora

and tibiae, tarsi, and thorax mostly black or dusky; the abdomen

with lateral spots, dorsal markings and transverse dorsal areas,

and a large median dorsal patch, black; cornicles, cauda, and

anal plate black. Antennae as long as or slightly longer than the

body; lengths of segments: I, 0.08 mm.; II, 0.06 mm.; Ill, 0.43

mm.; IV, 0.27 mm.; V, 0.21 mm.; VI, 0.57 mm. (base, 0.12 mm.;

unguis, 0.45 mm.) ; total 1.62 mm. Circular secondary sensoria

rather large, distributed throughout III, excepting the extreme

base; varying in number from 5 to 9 with an average of 7 for

fourteen individual aphids. Rostrum pale, extending midway be-

tween the second and third coxae. Cornicles cylindrical; straight

or somewhat recurved; constricted near the apices to form con-

spicuous flanged openings; imbricated and without reticulations;

length 0.38 mm. Cauda conical; with few rather inconspicuous

hairs; 0.13 mm. long. Length of body 1.5 mm.; width 0.7 mm.;

length of forewing 2.8 mm.

Apterous viviparous female. Robust with rather faint dark

patches along the sides and on the dorsum behind the cornicles.

Frontal tubercles gibbous and finely serrated. Antennas shorter

than the body; segments V and VI dusky; without secondary sen-

soria; length of segments: I, 0.08 mm.; II, 0.05 mm.; Ill, 0.25

mm.; IV, 0.17 mm.; V, 0.13 mm.; VI, 0.34 mm. (base, 0.08 mm.;

unguis, 0.2'6 mm.) ; total 1.02 mm. Tarsi dusky. Rostrum pale,

extending just beyond the second coxae. Cornicles similar to those

^ Macrosiphum aucubx Bartholomew is apparently a synonym of Myzus

pseudosolani ( Theo bald ) .

APRIL, 1936]

ESSIG— CALIFORNIA APHIDID^

of the alate forms; dusky to black throughout the apical half or

third; 0.42 mm. long. Cauda conical; black; 0.12 mm. long. Anal

plate black. Length of body 1.7 mm.; width 1 mm.

This aphid appears to have no closely related species in

this region. It somewhat resemhles Myzus leucorcrini Gillette

and Palmer, but lacks the clouded wing veins and the median

constrictions of the cornicles of the latter.

Myzus langei n. sp. was taken on the undersides of the leaves

of water cress, Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (Linn.) [Radi-

cula ) , growing in the run-off of a small spring to the left of

the foot of the Priest Grade, Big Oak Flat Highway, on the way

to the Yosemite Valley, in the Sierra Foothills not far from

Sonora, California, April 20, 1935, by one of my students, W. H.

Fig. 4. Myzus langei n. sp. Various parts of alate and apter-

ous females drawn to scale.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XII, NO. 2

Lange, for whom it is named. Associated with it were a few

specimens of Rhopalosiphum nymphaece (Linn.).

Described from 15 winged and as many apterous females

designated as cotypes and mounted on five slides in the author’s

collection.

The Onion Aphid

Dr. R. Takahashi has called my attention to the fact that

the onion aphid, Micromyzus alliumcepa Essig, described as a

new species in the Pan-Pacific Entomologist XI ; 157-160, 1935,

is synonymous with his Micromyzus formosanus, described as

Fullawayella formosana Takahashi in Aphidid.® of Formosa,

Pt. 1, p. 29, 1921 and again referred to in Pt. 2, p. 33, 89, 1923;

Pt. 3, p. 107, 1924; Pt. 6, p. 75, 1931. I have examined speci-

mens received from him and agree with his opinion. — E. 0. Essig.

Future Address for Professor Essig

E. 0. Essig, University of California, Berkeley, will be on

sabbatical leave from July 1, 1936, to June 30, 1937. From July

1st to September 1st, 1936, and from March 1st to June 1st,

1937, his address will be Cambridge University, Cambridge,

England. During the period from September 1, 1936, to March

1, 1937, his address will be the Mational Museum du Congo,

Tervueren, Belgium. — E. 0. Essig.

APRIL, 1936]

VAN DYKE— BRACHYRHININiE

NEW SPECIES OF NORTH AMERICAN WEEVILS IN THE

FAMILY CURCULIONID^, SUBFAMILY

BRACHYRHININ^, V.

BY EDWIN C. VAN DYKE

University of California, Berkeley, California

(Part 5, continued from Vol. XII, p. 32)

This paper is a supplement and contains descriptions of a

few species which because of certain peculiarities were set aside

for further study or of species which have been but recently

acquired.

Tribe Tripiphorini

Cimbocera cazieri Van Dyke, new species

Oblong, robust, black, appendages somewhat rufous, densely

clothed with rather large, imbricated, gray and light brown scales,

the latter only on upper surface and forming a median and lateral

vittEe on the pronotum and irregular patches scattered over the

elytra; sparsely setose, the setae short and fine, irregularly dis-

posed over the head and pronotum and serially arranged on the

elytral intervals, generally in single rows but here and there as

at sides somewhat double. Head convex, deeply transversely im-

pressed between the eyes; rostrum slightly longer than head,

somewhat narrower than interocular region, strongly convex, with

fine median groove and flattened apically; eyes large, feebly con-

vex; scrobes broad and deep, arched and pointed towards but not

quite reaching lower margin of eyes ; antennse robust, scape clavate,

feebly arcuate and reaching hind margin of eyes, first funicular

segment about three times as long as broad, second almost twice

as long, following moniliform, sixth and seventh strongly trans-

verse and latter rather close to club and with similar golden pile.

Prothorax one-sixth broader than long, base transverse, apex

broadly arcuate, post ocular lobes and fimbrise absent, broadest

in front of middle, sides well rounded, disk convex, slightly trans-

versely impressed before apex, and somewhat rugose and tubercu-

late. Elytra about a fourth longer than broad, well rounded near

base and at apex, disk somewhat flattened, declivity abrupt but

arcuate at summit, striee finely impressed and finely, sparsely

pilose, the scales large and imbricated, the first and second ventral

segments slightly concave. Length 7 mm., breadth 3.25 mm.

Holotype (No. 4166, C.A.S., Ent.) and paratypes from a

series of thirteen specimens collected by M. A. Cazier at Baker,

San Bernardino County, California, March 27, 1935, and now

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yOL. XII, NO. 2

in the collections of Mr. Cazier, F. R. Platt and the California

Academy of Sciences.

This species simulates cinera in general size and shape, in

having the setae short and sparse and the scales large and im-

bricated and should follow it in my key.' It differs by having

head and rostrum strongly convex, separated by a deep trans-

verse impression, not flattened as in cinerea, by having the

seventh funicular segment less closely applied to the antennal

club, the disk of the pronotum more or less tuberculate, and

the elytra more elongate, less elliptical, and the striae more

finely, sharply impressed and not concealed by the scaly vesti-

ture. The long hairy pile and tesselated arrangement of scales

will separate the other species. Though this species lacks both

post ocular lobes and fimbriae, I believe that it should be placed

in Cimbocera. It is, however, the most divergent of our known

SDecies.

Genus Miloderoides Van Dyke, new genus

Of moderate size, elongate, robust, more or less densely clothed

with closely appressed imbricated scales and with long erect pile.

Head with transverse impression at base of rostrum, eyes mod-

erately convex and prominent, rostrum slightly longer than head

and suddenly narrower from in front of eyes, depressed and feebly

emarginate in front; scrobes lateral, broad and deep, arcuate,

extending beneath and towards but not reaching lower angle of

eyes; antennae robust, scape reaching middle of eyes, clavate and

feebly arched, funicle robust and somewhat longer, first segment

clavate, at least twice as long as broad, second to sixth monili-

form, outermost somewhat transverse, seventh cuneate and closely

applied to base of club. Prothorax slightly broader than long

with sides well rounded, disk finely punctured but punctures gen-

erally concealed by scales, post ocular lobes absent but fimbriae dis-

tinct. Elytra subelliptical, striae fine and finely punctured but to

a great extent concealed by scaly vestiture. Beneath with first

and second ventral segments broad, the suture between arcuate.

Legs stout, tibiae but moderately expanded apically, corbels open,

anterior and middle mucronate within; third tarsal segment

greatly expanded, lobed and provided with a lunate papillose area

at apices of the lobes, the other tarsal segments entirely setose

beneath or with but a tuft of pile at the apices of segments at

the most, and squamose; claws free.

Genotype: Miloderoides maculatus, new species.

^Pan-Pac. Ent. XI, p. 1-2.

APRIL, 1936]

VAN DYKE— BRACHYRHININ^

This genus is established for the reception of two species of

weevils, Miloderoides maculatus and argenteus (Van Dyke),

the latter recently described in the genus Miloderes. A critical

study of the type species of Miloderes, setosus Casey, but re-

cently acquired, has convinced me that my two species are not

congeneric with it but belong to another entity which is allied

to Miloderes, Lepidopus and Cimbocera, forming a group char-

acterized among other things by having the seventh funicular

segment of the antennae close to the club, the post ocular lobes

very much reduced or absent, the fimbriae also reduced or even

absent, and the tarsal segments entirely or to a great extent setose

and squamose beneath. I believe that they are derived from

primitive Mimetes stock and that as they drifted eastwardly into

the arid lands of the Great Basin to which they are now confined,

they acquired in the process of their evolution, scales and rigid

setae in place of the papillose pads to the soles of their tarsi,

and were thus better enabled to fit into their desert environment.

Miloderoides is closest to Mimetes, having the same widely di-

lated third tarsal segment but with the papillose pad reduced

to a simple marginal patch at the apices of the lobes. The post

ocular lobes are also entirely eliminated in this genus though

the fimbriae remain. Lepidopus also has the third tarsal seg-

ment dilated and bilobed, but it is entirely setose beneath as

are the other tarsal segments. Here the third tarsal expansion

is somewhat less than in the preceding genus. The fimbriae as

well as the post ocular lobes also have disappeared, the eyes

are somewhat flatter and the seventh funicular segment of the

antennae much more closely attached to the club. Cimbocera

has the third tarsal segment hardly more developed than the

second and all are setose beneath. The post ocular lobes are

feeble but generally evident here and the fimbriae are also pres-

ent in most cases. Miloderes the most divergent member of the

quartet, has the third tarsal segment somewhat broader than the

second though it as well as the others is setose beneath. In

addition, it has the head very much expanded and with the

rostrum not distinctly separated either dorsally by a transverse

impression or laterally by sudden narrowing in front of the eyes

as is the case in the others, the eyes much more flattened, and

the tibiae very robust with the apices greatly enlarged to fit them

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yOL. XII, NO. 2

for a more fossorial existence. The post ocular lobes are present

here though feeble and the fimbriae are well developed. The

elytra have entirely lost their striae, a unique character in the

group.

Miloderoides maculatus Van Dyke, new species

Of moderate size, black, densely clothed with white and dark

brown, rather large, more or less imbricated scales, the brown

scales scattered over the pronotum and concentrated in rather

large macules here and there on the elytra, the scales beneath

uniformly white, upper surface also furnished in addition with

long, fine, yellowish white, erect pile. Head barely longer than

prothorax, front flattened, granulose, transverse impression at

base of rostrum feeble, rostrum somewhat arched, broad, with

fine median groove; eyes prominent; scrobes deep and arcuate,

passing beneath almost to lower margin of eyes, scape reaching

middle of eye, funicular segments in the main transverse and

close together, the seventh close to club and generally of same

brown color. Prothorax subglobular, just perceptibly broader than

long, base transverse, apex feebly lobed, latter about a third nar-

rower than former, sides broadly and evenly rounded, post ocular

lobes absent but fimbriae quite evident; disk convex, feeble trans-

verse impression forward, scales and pile well marked. Elytra

elliptical, considerably less than three times as long as broad,

striae and strial punctures concealed by scales but well defined

when denuded; disk quite convex and densely squamose and

pilose. Beneath densely clothed with large, pearly white, imbri-

cated scales and with a few fine, short, much inclined hairs. Length

6 mm., breadth 2.5 mm.

Holotype (No. 4167, Mus. C.A.S., Ent.) and several desig-

nated paratypes from a series of seventeen specimens collected

by M. C. Lane at Parma, Idaho, April 28, 1932, and kindly sub-

mitted for study by J. Wilcox of Puyallup, Washington. Most

of the specimens will remain with the latter.

This species differs from argenteus (Van Dyke) in having

the rostrum much narrower than head, the transverse impression

at base deeper and the rostrum itself more arcuate, the eyes

more protruding, prothorax narrower and somewhat globular,

not transverse, scaly vestiture more contrasting in color, and

the pile somewhat longer, less dense and a bit lighter in color.

Genus Lepidopus Van Dyke, new genus

Rather small, moderately robust, densely clothed with some-

APRIL, 1936]

VAN DYKE— BRACK YRHININ^

what circular, closely appressed scales, both above and beneath

and sparsely pubescent. Head moderately elongate, flattened

above, separated from rostrum by a feeble transverse impression;

rostrum as long as head, broad, longer than broad, scrobes deep,

arcuate, passing beneath to a point just in front of eyes; antennae

moderate in length, scape feebly clavate, reaching eyes or beyond,

funicle 7-segmented, first segment elongate, robust and clavate,

following gradually shorter and broader, seventh very close to

club; eyes moderate in size, flattened and coarsely granular;

mentum broad, truncated in front, concealing maxillae. Prothorax

somewhat broader than long, rounded at sides and rather sud-

denly narrowed in front, without post ocular lobes and fimbriae.

Elytra elliptical, as broad at base as base of prothorax, humeri

well rounded, striae fine and finely punctured, intervals flat. Be-

neath with anterior coxae approximate, median narrowly sepa-

rated and hind broadly separated, first ventral suture arcuate,

second segment equal to two following. Legs robust, of moderate

length, front and middle tibiae feebly mucronate at apices, front

not dentate within, hind with corbels open and apices oblique;

tarsi with third segment somewhat larger than second and bilobed

and all segments setose and squamose beneath, not papillose, tarsal

claws divergent.

Genotype: Lepidopus nevadicus, new species.

This genus is no doubt related to Miloderoides but differs

from that by lacking the post orbital fimbriae and in having the

tarsi entirely setose beneath. From Miloderes, it differs by

having no fimbriae, a much more dilated third tarsal segment

and different type of head and legs, and from Cimhocera chiefly

by having the third tarsal segment dilated, and neither post ocular

lobes nor fimbriae.

Lepidopus nevadicus Van Dyke, new species

Moderately elongate, elliptical, black, densely clothed with gray

opalescent scales and sparsely pubescent. Upper surface of both

head and rostrum flattened, the scales approximate and arranged

in a tessellated manner, short semierect setae projecting here and

there, a fine longitudinal impression extending from between the

eyes to a point midway between insertion of antennae; interocular

space broad, but little less than total width of head, a shallow

transverse impression between head and rostrum; rostrum broad

and with parallel sides; scape reaching eyes. Prothorax about

one-seventh broader than long, base feebly lobed, apex truncate,

slightly convex above, with scales as on the head, the setae on

disk short but those at sides long and erect. Elytra two-sevenths

longer than broad, disk rather flattened, with squamoe some-

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XII, NO. 2

what larger than on pronotum, less bead-like and feebly imbri-

cated, the setae fulvous, short and sparse above, rather long on

sides and declivity and arranged in rows along the middle of the

interval, declivity evenly rounded. Beneath densely squamose

and sparsely, finely setose, the setae inclined and only noticeable

when viewed from the side. Legs moderately stout. Length 5

mm., breadth 2.5 mm.

Holotype (No. 4168, Mus. C.A.S., Ent.), a unique collected

near Goldfield, Esmeralda County, Nevada, December 28, 1907,

by F. W. Nunenmacber. It has long remained as an enigma in

my collection.

Lepidopus parvulus Van Dyke, new species

Small, ovate, black, antennas and legs somewhat rufous, densely

clothed with closely appressed cinereous scales and with a vague

vitta of light brown scales on each side of pronotum and extend-

ing backwards from the humeri of the elytra, and sparsely, finely

pubescent. Upper surface of both front and rostrum flattened

and continuous except for a feeble depression at base of rostrum,

the scales dense and tessellated, a finely impressed longitudinal

line between the eyes, rostrum with straight and parallel sides,

eyes much flattened; scape reaching front margin of prothorax.

Prothorax but slightly broader than long, base and apex both

feebly arcuate, sides broadly rounded at middle and much nar-

rowed in front and behind; disk moderately convex, with tessel-

lated scales and a few short, scattered setae. Elytra ovate, almost

a fourth longer than broad, disk moderately convex, with scales

denser, more approximate than on head and pronotum, but appar-

ently not overlapping, and with scattered setae, more evident and

erect on declivity, striae fine and finely punctured, intervals flat.

Beneath with squamae dense but less approximate than on elytra

and very finely, sparsely pubescent. Legs moderately stout.

Length 3.75 mm., breadth 1.5 mm.

Holotype (No. 4169, Mus. C.A.S., Ent.), a specimen col-

lected at Parma, Idaho, April 1, 1931, by H. P. Lanchester and

referrred to me for description by Dr. F. E. Blaisdell. Four

other specimens from the same locality and collector as well as

thirteen specimens collected at the same place, April 28, 1932,

by M. C. Lane and submitted by J. Wilcox of Puyallup, Wash-

ington, have been studied. Certain of these will be designated

as paratypes. It is evidently rather a common species in south-

western Idaho.

The small size, shorter and more ovate form, distinctly sepa-

APRIL, 1936]

VAN DYKE— BRACHYRHININ^

rates this species from nevadica, and these features in connec-

tion with its generally silvery color and generic characters should

enable it to he recognized.

Parataxia uniformis Van Dyke, new species

Moderate in size, narrow, elong’ate, black or dark piceous, an-

tennas and tarsi rufopiceous, densely clothed with very closely

applied scales which are of the g^eneral body color and arranged

in a tessellated manner; the setae rather dense, of moderate and

uniform length, slightly over one-half width of intervals, gray,

erect on elytra, shorter and more inclined on pronotum. Head

slightly longer than prothorax, somewhat flattened in front,

densely squamose and quite pilose; rostrum well separated, grad-

ually wider forwards, feebly arched above and sulcate apically

Prothorax one-fifth wider than long, base and apex transverse,

sides rounded, disk convex and very coarsely, irregularly punc-

tured and rugose, with a short median groove near base. Elytra

two and a half times as long as prothorax and about two-fifths

longer than broad, base transverse, subcarinate, basal angles promi-

nent and right angled, disk convex, declivity evenly rounded, striae

well impressed with coarse, closely placed punctures, deeper lat-

erally. Beneath squamose, finely, sparsely pubescent, first and

second ventral segments feebly concave at middle. Length 8 mm.,

breadth 3.25 mm.

Holotype (No. 4170, Mus. C.A.S., Ent.) and paratypes from

a series of twelve specimens collected by Frank H. Parker in

the White Mountains of Arizona, July 6, 1933. Another speci-

ment from the Cumbres Pass, Colorado, altitude 10,000 feet,

was collected by me, July 22, 1935.

This species is best defined by its uniform black color and

gray pile of uniform length. The larger size, color of scales

and tessellated arrangement of same will separate it from brevi-

pilis, while the type of pile will readily enable it to be sepa-

rated from the other species. It is closest to rugicollis in ap-

pearance, but the latter has a much broader rostrum, broader

elytral intervals, long fulvous pile of variable length, more

elongate punctures and the elytra more gradually arcuate to

apex. This species also simulates Melanolemma montana but

the lack of pile and absence of sharply defined basal angles of

elytra will separate the latter.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yOL. XII, NO. 2

Panscopus coloradensis Van Dyke, new species

Similar in size, color pattern and general appearance to Pans-

copus schwanrzi Buch. of the Wasatch Mountains of Utah but

differs in having the prothorax proportionately wider, the median

longitudinal groove of the pronotum less pronounced, the alter-

nate intervals of elytra less elevated and the reclinate scales on

them very much finer, more acute at apices and a bit more erect.

Holotype (No. 4171, Mus. C.A.S., Ent.) and numerous desig-

nated paratypes from a series of about a hundred specimens col-

lected by me on the Cumbres Pass, Colorado, altitude 10,000

feet, June 12, 1935.

This species is very close indeed to schwarzi but the type

of setae is constant in my large series of specimens and different

from that of the ten specimens of schwarzi which I possess.

Material from intermediate territory may possibly run them

together.

Tribe Hormorini

This tribe I am establishing. It will contain the two genera

Hormorus Horn and Agasphcerops Horn, originally placed by

Horn in his Group IV, Hormori, as well as one new genus,

Lupinocolus. In characterizing the group, Horn says “second

abdominal segment but little longer than the third and separated

from the first by a straight suture” * * * “The open posterior

corbels and the straight first abdominal suture would seem to

place the two genera here included in Lacordaires Blosyrides

with which, however, they have but little in common.” These

statements are unfortunate and misleading. In both Hormorus

and Agasphcerops, the second abdominal segment is about equal

to the two following united. Horn correctly states this in de-

scribing the characters of the two genera. In Blosyrus Schr.,

the second abdominal segment is narrow like the third and

fourth, a most unusual character in the Rhynchophora. This

character as also the other features of Blosyrus separate it very

widely from the Hormorini. Pierce in 1913, apparently upon

the strength of Horn’s remarks and probably without carefully

examining the characters' themselves, suppressed Horn’s group

Hormori and placed the genera therein included in his newly

- The Rhynchophora of America North of Mexico, by J. L. Le Conte and

G. H. Horn, Proc, Am. Phil. Soc„ XV, No. 96, 1876, p. 23.

APRIL, 1936]

VAN DYKE— BRACHYRHININ^

created tribe Blosyrini. As much as the Old World Blosyrus

is undoubtedly the type genus and as I have previously stated,

very widely separated in every regard from the two American

genera, I am removing these two from the Blosyrini of Pierce

and placing them in the tribe Hormorini, a practical equivalent

of Horn’s group Hormori. The tribe is apparently rather close

to the Epicaerini, differing only as to minor features such as

in having more oblique eyes, more robust antennae with scape

distinctly clavate, outer funicular segments moniliform and club

conical and hind corbels widely open on inner side. Sharp in

defining the Epicaerina, the equivalent of the Epicerini, in the

“Biologia Centrali -Americana,” states that “This group includes

all the apterous Otiorhynchinae of our region that have no ocular

lobes to the thorax, and in which the scrobes, whether definite

or indefinite, are entirely lateral, with their lower border arcuate

to a greater or less extent, and the claws are free. These char-

acters are strictly diagnostic, and in addition it may be added

that the scape of the antenna is always moderate in thickness,

never incrassate, never extremely slender. The corbels of the

hind tibiae vary much, but it may be considered as a character

of the group that they are cavernous or subcavernous, the tip

of the tibia never being extremely slender, as is the normal con-

dition in the Sciaphilina.” The major features of the Hormorini

are in agreement with the above but the antennae and corbels of

hind tibiae are not as given above. In addition I might say that

the two tribes have a different origin, the Epicaerini being en-

tirely Neotropical whereas the Hormorinio are Nearctic.

Genus Lupinocolus Van Dyke, new genus

Moderately elongate, subcylindrical, subglabrous, and some-

what shining, the body vestiture of scattered, elongate scales, the

antennae and legs sparsely pilose. Head globose posteriorly, eyes

moderately prominent and laterally protruding in front, the

rostrum almost twice as long as head, broad, gradually widening

forwards from the eyes, apex triangularly incised and with raised

margins to incisure, the mandibular supports to the deciduous

cusps prominent, scrobes lateral, broad and directed towards lower

angle of eyes, the alse prominent and concealing scrobes from

above; antennae robust, scape clavate, reaching hind margin of

eyes, funicle 7-segmented, first twice as long as broad, second

somewhat shorter and narrower, following moniliform and gradu-

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yOL. XII, NO. 2

ally broader, 5-7 transverse, club conical; submentum broad,

feebly depressed. Prothorax subcylindrical, narrowed in front,

without post ocular lobes or fimbriae. Elytra elliptical, slightly

broader at base than base of prothorax, humeri feebly prominent.

Front coxae contiguous, middle slightly separated and hind rather

widely separated, mesosternal side-pieces unequal, meta-episternum

to a great extent concealed by elytra, second abdominal segment

separated from first by a feeble arcuate suture and about as broad

as the two following segments united. Legs of moderate length,

middle and hind tibiae mucronate within at apex, corbels of hind

tibiae open, third tarsal segments dilated, lobed and papillose

beneath, the claws free.

Genotype: Lupinocolus hlaisdelli, new species.

Lupinocolus blaisdelli Van Dyke, new species

Rather small, rufopiceous, antennae, tibiae and tarsi rufous.

Head sparsely punctured and minutely alutaceous, a small scale

projecting from each puncture, rostrum coarsely punctured and

with erect scale-like setae above, depressed in front between the

alae, eyes coarsely granular and placed near sides of rostrum and

globose head. Prothorax about one-sixth longer than broad, very

coarsely, closely and regularly punctured and with elongate, squa-

mose setae arising from the punctures, much inclined on disk but

vertical at sides. Scutellum small but prominent. Elytra over

one-third longer than broad, striae hardly impressed but strial

punctures coarse, elongate and regularly arranged, intervals flat,

the general surface sparsely clothed with elongate, white and

brown scales, more densely assembled in two oblique bands, at

middle and at summit of apical declivity, also more numerous on

apical declivity itself. Beneath coarsely, rather closely punctured

and with coarse, much inclined setae arising from each puncture.

Length 4.5 mm., breadth 1.75 mm.

Holotype (No. 4172, Mus. C.A.S., Ent.) and five paratypes,

collected by Dr. F. E. Blaisdell in Hope Valley, El Dorado

County, California in July. Three other specimens in Dr. Blais-

delTs collection were from Tallac, El Dorado County, Califor-

nia, in July. Other specimens seen are one from Carson City,

Nevada, June 26, 1929, collected by E. P. Van Duzee and three

collected by E. C. Zimmerman at Echo Lake near Lake Tahoe,

California, July 16, 1933, on wild onion plants. The Blaisdell

specimens were all taken on a species of lupine.

This insect is somewhat suggestive of Barypithes but is a

bit larger, also has a more elongate and cylindrical prothorax

and longer head and of course, different generic characters.

APRIL, 1936]

VAN DYKE— BRACHYRHININ^

Tribe Sciaphilini

Mitostylus elongatus Van Dyke, new species

Elongate, very narrow, piceous, legs rufopiceous, basal seg-

ments of antennae rufous at base; general surface more or less

densely clothed with pearly white scales, readily removed. Head

flattened above and with a few, coarse punctures on both front

and rostrum, sides parallel, eyes prominent, projecting laterally;

rostrum almost as long as head, as wide as interocular area, with

median carina and parallel sides; antennae long and delicate,

scape reaching front margin of prothorax, club elongate fusi-

form. Prothorax cylindrical, as long as broad and as long as

head, base truncate, apex feebly lobed, sides somewhat arcuate,

narrowed in front and constricted near base, hind angles rec-

tangular, disk coarsely, rather closely and irregularly punctured.

Elytra elongate elliptical, almost twice as long as broad, humeri

absent, sides rather feebly arcuate; disk finely striato-punctate,

intervals flat. Beneath with sculpturing concealed by scales.

Length 4.5 mm., breadth 1.5 mm.

Holotype (No. 4173, Mus. C.A.S., Ent.), a unique collected

by J. 0. Martin at Encino, Texas, May 28, 1932.

This species is distinguished by being of about the same size

as tenuis Horn but proportionately narrower, with scales of a

uniform pearly white, without setae, the head not cuneate as in

tenuis or setosus but both head proper and rostrum with straight,

parallel sides, the eyes' even more prominent than in setosus,

and the head and pronotum coarsely and irregularly punctured.

Tribe Trigonoscutini

Trigonoscuta imbricata Van Dyke, new species

Similar to pilosa in size and general appearance but differing

by having the scales more or less overlapping or imbricated

whereas tessellated in others; by having the elytral striae evi-

dently impressed and with distinct though shallow strial punc-

tures, especially on disk, both somewhat obsolete in other; the

prothorax generally widest in front of middle, at middle or be-

hind in pilosa; and the rostrum feebly more convex, the funicle

generally more robust, the apices of tibiaa less expanded and the

pile slightly longer. Length 7 mm., breadth 3.5 m.

Holotype (No. 4174, Mus, C.A.S., Ent.) and three paratypes

collected at Whitewater, Riverside County, California, April 1,

1927, by Thomas Craig and by him presented to the California

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yOL. XII, NO. 2

Academy of Sciences. A considerably larger specimen, prob-

ably a female, collected at Yuma, Arizona, March 18, 1912, by

J. R. Slevin, is of the same species. I have seen numerous other

specimens from the same general territory.

This species has been known for some time but thought to

be but an inland race of the well known seacoast pilosa. It is,

however, readily separated from that by the imbricated or

“chaffy” type of scales and by the more or less well defined

elytral striae.

Tribe Calyptillini

Genus Stereogaster Van Dyke, new genus

Small, globose, partially clothed with small, closely appressed

and well separated circular scales above and sparsely pilose.

Rostrum robust, about a third longer than head, as wide at base

as interocular area and with parallel sides, feebly expanded in

front, apex truncate, and with well defined transverse impression

at base; scrobes deep, arcuate, passing rapidly beneath and end-

ing near lower margin of eyes, antennas rather short, scape sud-

denly clavate, about reaching eyes, funicle 7-segmented, first two

segments elongate, 3-7 moniliform, gradually broader, club fusi-

form; eyes prominent, coarsely faceted; submentum narrowed and

elongate and sides of maxillae quite visible. Prothorax trans-

verse, globose, base and apex feebly arcuate, apex narrower, sides

well rounded, without post ocular lobes and fimbriae. Elytra

globose, broadly rounded in humeral area, without striae or strial

punctures. Underside moderately clothed with stellate scales and

sparse fine pile; metasternum short, metaepisternum long and

narrow, intercoxal process broad, lobed, first and second abdo-

minal segments connate with suture obliterated at middle, third

and fourth narrow and of equal width, the fifth three times as

long as either third or fourth. Legs short, femora robust, tibias

rather strongly dilated apically, front and middle mucronate at

tip, the femora not dentate within, hind tibias with corbels open

and broadly truncate on outer side at apex; tarsi short, first

segment suddenly enlarged apically, second equal to apical en-

largement of first, third broader and bilobed and fourth elongate

and with divergent claws, all setose beneath.

Genotype: Stereogaster globosa, new species.

This genus agrees with Calyptillus as represented by Calyptil-

lus cryptops Horn, the genotype and only species so far listed

in the tribe, by having the maxillae visible at the sides of the

submentum, the legs fossorial with the tibiae rather strongly

APRIL, 1936]

VAN DYKE— BRACHYRHININ^

dilated apically, the tarsi setose beneath and the claws divergent.

From this tribe as defined by Pierce (1913), it diverges by

having the third tarsal segment slightly broader than the pre-

ceding, a character which would throw it into the Trigonoscutini

from which it differs greatly in mouth characters. To me the

width of the third tarsal segment does not seem in itself of suf-

ficient importance to be considered a dominant tribal character.

I would, therefore, enlarge the confines of the Calyptillini so

as to include Stereogaster. The most outstanding peculiarity

of the genus is the complete anchylosis of the first and second

abdominal segments, as complete as in most Buprestidae. Other

important characters are the type of vestiture and the absence

of striae and strial punctures.

Stereogaster globosa Van Dyke, new species

Piceous, legs and antennas rufous (perhaps due to recent

emergence). Head coarsely, closely punctured above, with a

circular scale in each puncture, sparsely pilose, especially near

eyes, and with fine linear groove at middle of front. Prothorax

less than a third wider than long, constricted in front and with

a complete transverse impression at constriction, disk coarsely,

cribrately yet shallowly punctured and with a circular scale in

each puncture as on head, and sparsely pilose. Elytra one-third

longer than broad, over one-fourth broader than prothorax, broadly

rounded at shoulders, feebly arcuate at sides and well rounded

to apex; disk evenly convex, without strias, vaguely punctured,

and with the closely appressed, circular scales scattered over the

surface almost as regularly as they are on the head and pronotum,

and with a few scattered hairs. Beneath shallowly though more

or less evidently punctured. Length 4.25 mm., breadth 2 mm.

Holotype (No. 4175, Mus. C.A.S., Ent.), a unique collected

by me from beneath a stone on the hills southwest of Los Banos,

Merced County, California, February 24, 1935. The specimen

had no doubt but recently emerged, for the deciduous cusps to

the mandibles were still adherent at the time of capture.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XII, NO. 2

NEW STRATIOMYID^ IN THE COLLECTION OF

THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

BY MAURICE T. JAMES

Colorado State College

Unless otherwise indicated, the types of the species described

in this paper are in the collection of th,e California Academy

of Sciences.

Anoamyia javana James, n. sp.

Two female specimens from Java are apparently congeneric

with Anoamyia heinrichiana Lindner, the only described species

in this genus; but they can readily be separated from hein-

richiana by the much shorter face and the smaller amount of

pubescence on the arista. In heinrichiana, the distance from

the base of the antennae to the apex of the facial prominence

(according to Lindner’s figure) is greater than the combined

lengths of the first and second antennal segments; in javana

the reverse is true. In heinrichiana the arista is plumose to

the tip; in javana the plumosity is confined to the basal third,

with a few scattering hairs extending to its middle, and with a

single terminal hair. Otherwise, the antennal structure and

facial profile are in full agreement with Lindner’s figure.

Female. Wholly black; the thorax, abdomen, and femora with

purplish reflections. Front and vertex shining; a prominent tuft

of silvery pile on the upper third of the front some distance below

the ocelli; two similar tufts, closely approximate, placed in a

horizontal row above the antennae; the face, cheeks, proboscis and

occipital orbits with considerable silvery erect pile, the latter,

especially above, densely clothed in addition, with concolorous

appressed pile. Proboscis somewhat brownish, rather than black.

Eyes densely black-pilose in front, silvery-pilose along the sides

and behind. Pile of first and second antennal segments and of

arista black; the first segment twice as long as the second; the

following three segments fused into an oval-shaped flagellum,

which is longer than the first and second segments combined and

considerably thicker, devoid of pile but golden-brown pollinose in

certain lights; arista apical, three-segmented, the basal two seg-

ments very short, the whole approximately the length of the

flagellum. Thorax with long but rather sparse black pile dorsally;

under this pile, two rows of dense silvery pile extend from the

anterior margin of the thorax to the base of the scutellar spines;

APRIL, 1936]

JAMES— STRATIOMYID^

some similar pile around the wing bases and lateral spines. Pleura

wholly silvery-haired. Spines of scutellum 1.5 times as long as

the scutellum; the lateral spines somewhat shorter than the

scutellum. Scutellar spines sparsely black-haired; a tuft of

long silvery hair between them. Abdomen with paired spots of

silvery hair on the second segment, a trace at the apex of the

third, a larger spot at the apex of the fourth, and a prominent

oval patch on the median third of the fifth; the lateral margins

and venter also with silvery hair; otherwise black-pilose. Legs

with silvery pile which becomes golden on the tarsi. Pulvilli and

halteres yellow. Wings strongly infumated, almost black, except

the costal and axillary cells, which are subhyaline. Length, 13

mm.; to tip of wings, 16 mm.; greatest width (on abdomen), 4 mm.

Holotype, female, No. 4119 Calif. Acad. Sci., Ent. ; Soeka-

boemi, Java, May, 1925 (C. F. Patterson).

Paratype; female, same place, date and collector.

Euparyphus pardalinus James, n. sp.

Female. Front and vertex black; a yellow spot on each side

of the front, almost but not quite touching the eyes; face black

in the middle but with broad yellow occular orbits; an extensive

yellow transverse area at the base of the antennas, extending from

eye to eye, broadly connected with the facial orbits and sometimes

narrowly so with the frontal spots, but divided medially by a

narrow black streak which runs between the antennas, and con-

nects the frontal and facial spots. Occipital orbits yellow, nar-

rowly separated from the inner facial orbits by a black spot on

the cheeks, and narrowly broken by a black band above, so that

there appears to be an isolated yellow spot on each side of the

ocellar triangle. Eyes bare. Pile of head sparse, yellow to white,

with an area of silvery appressed pile on the lower facial orbits.

Antennal segments distinct; ratio approximately 5:4:2:2:2:3:2:4;

first and second yellow, the remainder black. Thorax black, with

considerable white appressed and semi-appressed pile; dorsum

with paired narrow median stripes which expand knob-like to

twice their width anteriorly, are briefly interrupted at the suture,

and extend from one-half to two-fifths the distance from the suture

to the scutellum. A small spot on each postalar callus and the

entire scutellum yellow; spines yellow, tipped with black; the

spines bow outward and are separated at their base by somewhat

less than their length. Pleurse each with a stripe extending from

the humerus to, and expanding at, the wing base; sternopleura

with yellow margin above. Abdomen with moderately broad yellow

margins which run in at the apices of segment four and some-

times of three, in the form of lateral spots; segment five yellow

on its apical half. Venter black. Legs, except coxae, yellow, the

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yOL. XII, NO. 2

apical tarsomeres somewhat darkened. Wings hyaline, veins yel-

low; the branches of the media weak and evanescent far before

the posterior margin; vein R4 wanting; cell R3 no longer than

the stigma, which is well-developed. Length, 4 mm.

Male. Similar to the female; the head is wholly black, the

dorsal vittae of the thorax are lacking, there are no yellow mar-

gins on abdominal segments one and two, the scutellum is nar-

rowly black basally, and the pile of the entire body is longer. The

eyes are very narrowly separated. Differs otherwise only sexually.

Holotype, female, No. 4120, Calif. Acad. Sci., Ent. ; Olancha,

Inyo Co., Calif., June 8, 1929 (E. P. Van Duzee). Allotype, male,

No. 4121, same data. Paratypes: two males, Lone Pine, Inyo

Co., Calif., June 8, 1929 (R. L. Usinger) ; female, St. George,

Utah, May 27, 1919.

The Utah paratype has almost ivory-white markings on the

head, thorax, and abdomen, and the pattern of hlack on the

head is somewhat different, though of the same general type,

as the holotype.

Euparyphus sabroskyi James, n. sp.

Male. Close to the preceding species; the antennae shorter,

being approximately the length of the head, whereas in parda-

linu8 they are a third again as long as the head; there is a white

subtrapezoidal marking just under the antennae; the markings of

the thorax and abdomen are white (possibly variable) ; the venter

is marked with white as follows: the extreme apex of segment

one, medially; a trapezoidal marking occupying the median half

of segment two, from base to apex; the apical margin of seg-

ments three and four; almost all of segment five; and the lateral

margins of segments two-five inclusive. Otherwise as in parda-

linus. Length, 4.5 mm.

Holotype, male. Saline Co., Kansas, June 7, 1933 (C. W.

Sabrosky). Temporarily in the author’s collection.

The two species above described, together with E. quadri-

maculatus Cresson, form a natural group of species which shows

afl&nities with Aochletus. The venation, with the weak posterior

veins and the broad, short cell R3, is quite of the Aochletus type.

Th,e antennae are of the Euparyphus type, though those of E.

sabroskyi suggest Aochletus. Euparyphus hrevicornis Loew is

a typical Aochletus, being closely related to the genotype, A.

ductus 0. S.

APRIL, 1936]

JAMES— STRATIOMYID^

Euparyphus vanduzeei James, n. sp.

A handsome little species; the great amount of yellow on

the abdomen makes it easy to recognize. Its affinities seem to

he with stigmaticalis Lw., limhrocutris Adams, etc.

Female. Head yellow; a pair of pale orange-brown spots on

the front above the antennae, and sometimes a tinge of orange on

the vertex; occiput in center black, the broad orbits wholly yellow.

Facial orbits, cheeks, and lower occipital orbits with dense ap-

pressed silvery pile. Antennal segments quite distinct; first and

second yellow, black above, the remaining segments black (partly

yellow in the paratype) ; ratio approximately 4:4:3:2:2:4:4:6.

Thorax yellow; a broad black median band extending the entire

length; this becomes constricted behind the suture, but broadens

out to run along almost the entire base of the scutellum; a nar-

row black band, completely surrounded by yellow, on each side

of this, and vestiges of an oval black spot above each wing base.

Mesopleura, metapleura, and pteropleura yellow; a prominent

whitish (in contrast to the yellow) spot on each sternopleuron;

sternites black, varied with yellow; metascutellum and metanotum

black. Scutellum yellow; the spines black-tipped, separated at

their base by somewhat less than their length. Abdomen yellow;

a black triangular basal spot on each of segments two, three, four,

and five; that on segment two about as large as the dorsal area

of the scutellum; those on three and four much smaller; that on

five a mere speck. Venter wholly yellow. Pile of thorax and

abdomen yellow. Legs yellow; anterior tarsi black; the apical

two or three of the middle and hind tarsomeres blackish. Wings

hyaline, veins pale yellow. Length, 4 mm.

Holotype, female. No. 4122 Calif. Acad. Sci., Ent.; Sparks,

Nevada, June 28, 1927 (E. P. Van Duzee). Paratype, female,

same data. Named in honor of the collector.

Euparyphus flaviventris James, n. sp.

Related to major Hine and pretiosus Banks; it may readily

he distinguished from the former species hy the coloration of

the venter, from the latter hy the coloration of the face and the

femora.

Female. Head yellow; the vertex black, black-pilose; a black

stripe extending from the vertex to the oral margin, where it

broadens out and extends onto the cheeks; usually a yellow rounded

spot on each cheek, wholly enclosed by the black; the median

black band of the front broadens out just above the base of the

antennas and is narrowly interrupted below. Antennas black. Eyes

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XII, NO. 2

with short black pile. Occipital orbits yellow, silvery pollinose

below. Markings of thorax and abdominal tergites as in major:

the mid-dorsal vittae extend some distance beyond the suture, and

the arcuate markings of the third and fourth abdominal segments

almost meet their fellows; the venter, however, is wholly yellow,

sometimes discolored, at most very narrowly black basally. Wings

hyaline, veins yellow; membrane yellowish near the strong veins.

Femora black, broadly yellow apically and basally; sometimes

mostly yellow; legs otherwise yellow. Length, 10' mm.

Holotpye, female, No. 4123 Calif. Acad. Sci., Ent. ; Lake

City, Modoc Co., Calif., July 30, 1922 (C. L. Fox).

Paratypes: female. Buck Creek, Modoc Co., Calif., July 21,

1922 (C. L. Fox) ; female, Davis Creek, Modoc Co., Calif., July

16, 1922 (C. L. Fox) ; female. Grass Lake, Tahoe, Calif., June

24, 1915 (E. P. Van Duzee).

Additions to the List of California Thysanoptera

Since the list of the California Thysanoptera was prepared

(Pan-Pac. Ent. II, No. 4, 1935), several new species have been

described by Mr. Moulton. They are as follows: Frankliniella

insignis, citri, yuccce, ohscura, venusta, conspicua, and Chiro-

thrips secalis (see pages 170-174, l.c.). We are now able to

record Limothrips cerealium (Haliday) from southern Califor-

nia and also two new genera, Leucothrips and Bregmatothrips,

from this state; Leucothrips piercei (Morgan) from Shafter and

a new, undescribed Bregmatothrips from Buck’s Lake (Plumas

County). Oligothrips oreios Moulton was unintentionally

omitted. — Stanley F. Bailey, University of California.

A Correction

Galley proofs of two papers and all page proofs, of Vol. XII,

No. 1, of this journal and three of the notes were very kindly

attended to by the Publication Committee during my illness. Un-

fortunately two errors crept into the note at the bottom of page

32: Professor Osborn’s birthday was March 19th, not the 17th,

and his permanent address is still Ohio State University. He

spends a portion only of his winters in Florida. — E. P. Van Duzee.

APRIL, 1936]

MICKEL— MUTILLID^

DESCRIPTIONS AND RECORDS OF CALIFORNIAN

MUTILLID^*

BY CLARENCE E. MICKEL

{University of Minnesota)

Commander C. H. Dammers has sent me a series of Mutillidae

most of which were collected by himself in Riverside county,

California. Three new species and one species known heretofore

only from the holotype were represented in the material. The

descriptions of the new species and the most important of the

records follow:

Genus Dasymutilla Ashmead.

Group FULVOHIRTA Mickel.

Dasymutilla albiceris Mickel, n. sp.

Female. Black, except the front, vertex, dorsum of thorax,

second tergite exclusive of antero-lateral areas and narrow anterior

margin, tergites three to five, anterior margin of pygidial tergite,

and lateral portions of distal fringes of sternites two to four, all

with long, erect and appressed, white pubescence slightly tinged

with yellow; head narrower than the thorax; antennal scrobes cari-

nate above; thorax as broad as long; scutellar scale absent; first

abdominal segment short, subsessile; pygidial area very large,

strongly convex, granulate. Length, 14 mm.

Head black, clothed with sparse, long, black pubescence, except

the front and vertex with long, erect and appressed, white pubes-

cence slightly tinged with yellow; mandibles slender, edentate at

the tip and with an indistinct tooth within, remote from the tip;

clypeus with long, erect, dense black hairs borne on the sinuate

clypeal ridge; antennal tubercles contiguous; scape obscurely punc-

tured and black-pubescent; first segment of fiagellum a little less

than twice as long as the second; antennal scrobes carinate above,

the Carina extending two-thirds of the distance from the antennal

tubercles to the inner eye margins; front and vertex densely, con-

fluently punctate; genee moderately punctate, not nearly as coarsely

punctate as the front and vertex; eyes moderate in size; relative

widths of head and thorax, 5.5: 7.4.

Thorax black, clothed with long, sparse, black pubescence,

except the dorsum of thorax with long, erect and appressed, white

pubescence slightly tinged with yellow; thorax as broad as long;

humeral angles subangulate, not prominent; scutellar scale entirely

♦Paper No. 1400 of the Scientific Journal Series of the Minnesota Agricul-

tural Experiment Station.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yOL. XII, NO. 2

absent; propleurae with large, more or less separated punctures,

the anterior margin defined by a carina; mesopleurae elevated along

the dorso-ventral midline, strongly, closely punctured on the

elevated area, the punctures separated on the anterior and posterior

areas of the mesopleurae; metapleurae glabrous, with scattered

punctures, the latter larger and closer ventrally; posterior face

of propodeum with very large, close punctures, appearing almost

reticulate, this sculpturing extending on to sides of propodeum,

the anterior area of the latter glabrous and with a few scattered

punctures.

Abdomen black, with sparse, long, black pubescence except all

the tergites excluding the first, the large antero-lateral areas of

the second, narrow anterior margin of the second, and the lateral

thirds of the distal fringes of sternites two to four, with long,

appressed and erect, white pubescence slightly tinged with yellow;

first segment short, sub sessile, clothed with long, erect, black

pubescence; second tergite coarsely, confluently punctate except

the large, antero-lateral areas with moderate, mostly separated

punctures; felt lines black; sculpturing of tergites three to five

obscured by the pubescence; pygidial area very large, strongly

convex and finely granulate; first sternite with a median, longi-

tudinal carina on the anterior two-thirds; second sternite with mod-

erately large, more or less confluent punctures; sculpturing of

sternites three to five obscured by the pubescence; posterior margin

of last sternite broadly and deeply emarginate thus forming a

rounded notch in which lies the sting, the lateral angles formed

by the emargination very prominent.

Legs entirely black, thickly clothed with very long, erect, black

hairs; calcaria black.

Holotype. Female, Valle de la Trinidad, Lower California,

July, 1927 (L. M. Huey), in University of Minnesota collection.

Paratypes. Two females, same data.

Related to fulvohirta Cresson in having the same form of

head, thorax, first abdominal segment and last abdominal ster-

nite; differs in its larger size, white pubescence not only above

but on th,e fringes of the sternites laterally and in the sculpture

of the pygidium. Superficially it resembles sackenii but differs

greatly in the form of thorax from that species.

Group sparsa Mickel

Dasymutilla atricauda Mickel, n. sp.

Female. Black, dorsum of thorax, second abdominal tergite

except anterior and lateral margins, and third tergite, except

lateral margins, clothed with thick, erect and recumbent orange-

APRIL, 1936]

MICKEL— MUTILLID^

yellow pubescence; head approximately the width of the thorax;

scutellar scale absent; pygidial area finely, longitudinally rugose.

Length, 10 mm.

Head black, clothed with black pubescence, except the vertex

with a few scattered, erect, orange-yellow hairs ; mandibles slender

edentate at the apex and with a small tooth within remote from the

apex; antennal tubercles approximate but slightly separated; scape

obscurely punctured above and sparsely black pubescent; first seg-

ment of flagellum one and one-half times as long as the second;

antenal scrobes not carinate above ; front and vertex with moderate,

shallow, more or less separated punctures ; genae much less coarsely

punctured than the front and vertex; eyes moderate in size, the

distance between the posterior margin of the eyes and the postero-

lateral angles approximately equal to one-half the greatest diameter

of the eyes; relative widths of head and thorax, 4.0:4.!.

Thorax black, clothed with black pubescence, except the dorsum

with thick, erect and recumbent, orange-yellow pubescence; thorax

narrower posteriorly than anteriorly, the relative widths at humeral

angles, at widest point, and at posterior margin of dorsum,

3.7:4.1:2.8; pronotal and mesonotal areas densely, confluently

punctate, becoming reticulate on the dorsum and posterior face

of propodeum; propleura with scattered, weak punctures, the an-

terior margin defined by a distinct carina; mesopleurse closely

punctate medially along the dorso-ventral line, anteriorly and

posteriorly with scattered small punctures; metapleurse closely

punctate ventrally; sides of propodeum obscurely reticulate and

with a few scattered punctures anteriorly, the posterior half dis-

tinctly reticulate.

Abdomen black, clothed with black pubescence except the dorsum

of the second tergite exclusive of the anterior and lateral margins,

the third tergite exclusive of the lateral margins, with thick, erect

and recumbent, orange-yellow pubescence; fourth tergite also with

a few, erect, orange-yellow hairs medially; first segment short,

nodose, densely, deeply punctate; second tergite with dense, con-

fluent punctures, the lateral and anterior margins less coarsely

punctate; tergites three to five with small, distinct punctures;

pygidium finely, longitudinally rugose on a granulate ground; first

sternite with a median, longitudinal carina, the latter in profile

emarginate medially; second sternite with moderate punctures

more or less separated.

Legs black, clothed with black pubescence; calcaria black.

Holotype. Female, Blythe, California, October 16, 1934

(C. Dammers), in University of Minnesota collection. Paratypes.

Three females, Blythe, California, October 16, 1934 (C. Dam-

mers) .

Related to stevensi Mickel but differs from that species in

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[vOL. XII, NO. 2

having the antennal scrohes not carinate above, much less orange-

yellow puhescence on the head, the orange-yellow puhescence on

the thorax and abdomen thicker and more erect, the black pubes-

cence of the terminal abdominal tergites, and th,e less coarse

sculpture of the pygidium. Superficially it resembles arenivaga

but differs distinctly from that species and its relatives by the

smaller eyes, the antennal scrohes not carinate, the absence of

the scutellar scale and other characters.

Group occidentalis Mickel

Dasymutilla mimula Mickel

1928. Dasymutilla mimula Mickel, Bull. 143, U. S. National

Museum, p. 255, pi. 4, fig. 26, male.

Ten males of this species were collected at Blythe, California,

July 30, 1935 by Mr. C. M. Dammers. Heretofore the species

has been known only from the holotype which bears a locality

label “California.”

Group obscura Mickel

Dasymutilla heliophila (Cockerell)

1900. Sphaerophthalma heliophila Cockerell, Entomologist, vol.

33, p. 65, female.

Three females of this attractive species were taken by Mr.

Dammers at Blythe, California, October 16, 1934.

Dasymutilla dammersi Mickel, n. sp.

Female. Ferruginous; head clothed with long, appressed, pale

glittering pubescence, dense on the front, vertex and behind the

eyes, the posterior half of the vertex with long, erect, thick, pale

glittering hairs, the latter forming a transverse, conspicuous tuft;

dorsum of thorax clothed with thick, appressed, pale glittering

pubescence; second tergite with a pair of yellow, parenthesis-

shaped marks surrounding an anterior black pubescent spot, the

marks twice as broad posteriorly as anteriorly and approaching

one another posteriorly on the midline; antennal scrohes with a

moderate carina above; postero-lateral angles of head rounded,

not at all carinate; pygidium granular. Length, 8 mm.

Head ferruginous, clothed with pubescence as described above;

mandibles long, slender, edentate, and with a small tooth within,

remote from the apex; clypeus divided by a transverse, sinuate

APRIL, 1936]

MICKEL— MUTILLID^

Carina; antennal tubercles approximate; scape obscurely punctate,

clothed with sparse, pale glittering hairs ; first segment of flagellum

one and one-half times as long as the second ; antennal scrobes with

a moderate, distinct carina above; puncturation concealed by the

pubescence; head slightly broader than the thorax, relative widths,

3 . 6 : 3 . 2 .

Thorax ferruginous, pyriform, clothed with pale, glittering

pubescence, sparse on the pleural areas, thick and appressed on the

dorsum, and dorsal and posterior faces of propodeum; humeral

angles subangulate, not prominent; thorax much narrower pos-

teriorly than anteriorly; scutellar scale absent; dorsum with dense,

shallow, confluent punctures; dorsal and posterior faces of pro-

podeum shallowly reticulate; propleurae defined anteriorly by a

carina, shagreened, without distinct punctures; mesopleurae an-

teriorly, finely punctate, posteriorly coarsely, shallowly punctate;

metapleurae and sides of propodeum shagreened.

Abdomen ferruginous, the second tergite with yellow inte-

gumental markings as described above; first segment strongly

nodose; first tergite with a median, elongate spot of dense, ap-

pressed, pale glittering pubescence extending to the posterior

margin; second tergite with large, separated punctures, sparse an-

teriorly, close posteriorly, except those beneath the anterior black-

pubescent spot, contiguous; posterior half of lateral margins and

lateral sixths of posterior margin of second tergite with dense,

appressed, pale glittering pubescence, the remainder of the pos-

terior margin with a band of black pubescence, slightly broader

medially than laterally; third tergite with a median and lateral

spots of pale glittering pubescence separated by spots of fuscous

pubescence, the latter spots not conspicuous ; fourth tergite clothed

with pale glittering pubescence, thickest medially; fifth tergite

with small, lateral spots of blackish pubescence, the remainder

with pale glittering pubescence, thickest medially; pygidial tergite

laterally with blackish pubescence; pygidium granulate; first ster*

nite with a low, blunt, longitudinal carina; second sternite with

large, sparse punctures; tergites two to four, each with a thin,

distal fringe of pale glittering pubescence; remaining sternites

with thin blackish pubescence.

Legs ferruginous; apices of middle and hind femora squarely

truncate, the apices expanded each side, the expanded, truncated

areas sulcate; calcaria pale.

Holotype. Female, Palm Springs, California, August 9, 1934

(C. M. Dammers), in University of Minnesota collection. Para-

types. Female, Palm Springs, California, July 20, 1934 (C. M.

Dammers) ; female. Palm Springs, California, August 28, 1934

(C. M. Dammers).

Th,is beautiful and striking species is readily recognized by

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XII, NO. 2

the dense, erect, pale pubescence on the posterior part of the

head forming a conspicuous tuft. It is apparently most closely

related to heliophila (Cockerell) since the antennal scrobes are

carinate and the postero-lateral angles of the head are not car-

inate. The thick pale pubescence on the dorsum of the thorax

and the yellow, integumental markings of the second tergite are

also characteristic. One paratype measures 9 mm. in length,

the oth,er 11 mm.

I take pleasure in dedicating this striking species to Mr. C. M.

Dammers who has collected some very interesting Mutillid ma-

terial in Southern California.

A Bermuda Grass Diaspine Scale New to California

Specimens of the Bermuda grass Odonaspis, Odonaspis

ruthce Kot., collected at Riverside, California, have been in the

University of California Citrus Experiment Station collection

since 1924. Th,e specimens were collected by Mr. J. C. Cham-

berlin on August 10, 1924, underground on the stems of Bermuda

grass, Cynodon dactylon. Apparently the scale does not attack

the roots of this grass but confines its feeding to the stem only.

Since 1924 specimens of this species of scale have been sent to

the Experiment Station for identification, thus it is apparently

quite generally spread throughout southern California.

Tlds scale insect was first described by Kotinsky in 1915 from

specimens taken on Bermuda grass in Hawaii. It appears that

Bermuda grass is the only grass in Hawaii that is suitable for

the lawn, and is the only grass used for that purpose. It is also

well adapted for grazing purposes, especially on the low lands,

hence the insect’s destructive operation is of some economic im-

portance.

This scale is similar to Odonaspis graminis Bremner (the root

scale of California), but may be distinguished from it by the

presence of circumgenital gland openings which are absent in

the latter species. It most closely resembles a species described

from lower California; namely, Odonaspis litorosa Ferris, from

which it differs chiefly by the presence of only a single pair of

paraphyses, whereas 0. litorosa possesses a second pair.

Odonaspis ruthce Kot. is known to occur in California, Louisi-

ana, Ceylon, Florida, and Hawaii. — Howard L. McKenzie.

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Vol. XII

July, 1936

No. 3

THE

Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Published by the

Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in co-operation with

The California Academy of Sciences

CONTENTS

BAILEY, OUR KNOWLEDGE OF CALIFORNIA THYSANOPTERA

PREVIOUS TO 1900 97

MOULTON, NEW THYSANOPTERA BELONGING TO

GENUS THRIPS 104

BUCHANAN, THE PACIFIC GROUP OF COSSONUS Ill

OMAN, TWO NEW LEAFHOPPERS FROM TROPICAL AMERICA 116

UPHOLT, A NEW SPECIES OF MAYFLY FROM CALIFORNIA 120

CAZIER, NOTES ON CICINDELA PLUTONICA 123

LIGHT, A TROPICAL TERMITE IN CALIFORNIA 125

CANOVA, LIST OF THE LBPTURINI OF OREGON 126

COCKERELL, BEES FROM NORTHERN CALIFORNIA 133

San Francisco, California

1936

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

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Published at the California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park,

San Francisco, California.

Entered as second-class matter, February 10, 1925, at the postoffice at

San Francisco, California, under Act of August 24, 1912.

The Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Vol. XII, No. 3 July, 1936

OUR KNOWLEDGE OF CALIFORNIA THYSANOPTERA

PREVIOUS TO 1900

BY STANLEY F. BAILEY

University of California, Davis, California

Previous to the beginning of the twentieth century very little

was known of this order of insects. Not only was this true in

California but in North American as a whole. The systematic

framework of the order was largely built in Europe by Linne,

Haliday, Amyot and Serville, etc. Our early knowledge of the

biology and anatomy was obtained by Buff a, Bohls, Jordan, and

Garman. The monograph of UzeB in 1895 brought together prac-

tically all the known facts of the order up to that time. In North

America, Pergande, Fitch, Osborn, Beach, and Quaintance were

some of the first to study thrips. Following the appearance of

Hinds’ monograph in 1902^ and the forcibly generated interest

in thrips as agricultural pests, many workers turned their atten-

tion to the Thysanoptera. Chief among these have been Hood,

Moulton, and Watson.

We owe to the pear thrips, and its sudden appearance as an

economic pest about 1902, the initial stimulus to the study of

this group of insects in California. Miss S. M. Daniel, Dudley

Moulton, D. L. Crawford, P. R. Jones, S. W. Foster, J. R. Hor-

ton, and H. M. Russell have been the chief contributors to our

knowledge of the thrips of this state. Before the publication of

Daniel (1904) ^ only four species were known from California:

namely, Thrips tahaci Lind., Heliothrips hcemorrhoidalis

(Bouche), and the two species described by Pergande (1895),

Frankliniella occidentalis (Perg.) and Hercothrips fasciatus

(Perg.)

The earliest published reference known to the writer indicat-

ing the presence of thrips in California is in 1882. This reference

is found in the Pacific Rural Press, Vol. 24, page 156, in an

article entitled “New Leaf Insects,” which is here quoted in part:

^ Uzel, H., Koniggratz, (Published privately), 1895.

^ Hinds, W. E., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mtis. 26:79-242, 1902,

* Daniel, S, M,, Ent. News, 15 :293-297, 1904.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XII, NO. 3

“The leaves received from Vacaville were infested with a

species of thrip. Mr. Cook visited the section week before last

and procured specimens of the species in all stages of its exist-

ance, larva, pupa, and perfect insect, which are mounted for

microscopic use. The larva has the appearance of a small louse,

with elongated abdomen, color primrose yellow, with a trans-

verse orange color bar at base and a 'similar bar at tip of ab-

domen; the antennae are five jointed, and the length of larva one-

thirtieth of an inch. This insect is active in the pupa state, there-

fore the transformation is incomplete. The adult, or perfect

insect, color brownish-black, with a brown transverse bar on

prothorax, and two yellowish bands across the wings, antennae

eight or nine jointed, length of insect one-twenty -eighth of an

inch.” This thrips was collected by Matthew Cooke from Vaca

and Pleasant valleys (Solano County) on pear, peach, plum,

almond, beans, and sunflowers. The above-mentioned article also

stated that “Tliis species, in all probability, belongs to the genus

Melanthrips, which means black thrips. Leaves received from

Mr. Grooves, of Chico, were infested — also with thrips.”

The following year (1883) Matthew Cooke’s “Injurious In-

sects” was published and on pages 122-123 the same infestation

was again discussed as follows:

“Last year, 1882, the owners of a great number of orchards

complained that the leaves of the pear, peach, and plum trees

were attacked by some insect or disease which caused them to

wither and fall off. On examination they were found to be in-

fested by a species of Thrips not heretofore noticed on fruit trees

in this state.

“The leaves infested by these insects appeared marked all over

their surface with minute black dots, either caused by the bite of

these minute insects or were their excrements. Many of the

branches, especially on the lower part of the tree, were denuded

of their foliage.”

The larva was described as one twenty-sixth of an inch in

length and of a primrose-yellow color, with narrow, transverse

orange markings. The adult was described as being one twenty-

second of an inch in length, with a black body and black wings

which have a silvery fringe and a transverse yellowish bar across

the base.

JULY, 1936]

BAILEY— THYSANOPTERA

The Second Biennial Report of the State Board of Horticul-

ture of California, for 1885-86, contains three references to

thrips. The first (page 354) by Klee is given in full below:

“Pleasant Valley (Solano County). The red mite, or spider,

is abundant, and associated with it is often found a thrip, and

without the statement of Mr. Thurber, an experienced horticul-

turist, to the contrary, I should certainly consider this latter very

objectionable. According to this gentleman, this thrips has been

known in this country for many years, without visibly affecting

the fruits.” And on page 399 (anonymous) is found; the second

reference:

“In several localities where hot, dry weather prevails, this in-

significant looking little insect affects the foliage quite seriously,

although in Pleasant and Vaca valleys, where it is mostly found,

its presence is not greatly noticed. The remedies against this

insect are sulphur washes, similar to those used against the red

spider. The insect is generally spread with hothouse plants, and

people receiving these should scrutinize them closely before set-

ting them out in the garden. The general effect of the thrips is to

wither the leaves, those affected showing its presence by their

pale, blotched appearance.”

From personal observations of the thrips’ problem for a num-

ber of years in the districts referred to above, there can be no

doubt that the species of thrips that Cooke observed was the bean

thrips, Hercothrips fasciatus (Pergande) , not described until

1895. In this non-irrigated locality, damage to pears (and other

crops) from the bean thrips usually appears in mid-summer at

the time red spider injury becomes evident. Another reason for

this belief is that its general appearance is similar to that of the

greenhouse infesting species which was becoming known to most

entomologists and horticulturists at that time. However, the larva

of Heliothrips hcemorrhoidalis (Bouche) are without colored

markings and as far as is known, the greenhouse thrips has never

been taken in this locality. The other species that often prove

injurious in this section of Solano County, Tceniothrips incojv-

sequens (Uzel), Frankliniella occidentalis (Perg.), and F. moul-

toni Hood, appear in the early spring, affect the buds and flowers,

rarely blotch the leaves, and would not be associated with red

spiders.

100

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[vOL. XII, NO. 3

The third reference is that of PohndoriF: who wrote ( page

533) in a memoir on olive growing that “Thrips physapkus

(Linne), an insect of dirty white wings, is a pest probably ana-

logous to the thrip that troubles our grapevine.” As far as is

known to the writer, Thrips physaphus has never been recorded

from California and because of many early ambiguous references

to “thrip” when meaning leaf-hoppers, it is impossible to know

to what insect Pohndorff referred.

Riley and Howard (1891) published in Insect Life, vol. 4,

nos. 1 and 2, page 79, in Extracts from Correspondence, a letter

of June 8, 1891, from D. W. Coquillet of Los Angeles. The letter,

with the reply is quoted below:

“I mail you today specimens of a thrips that is very injurious

to the leaves of potato plants in various portions of Los Angeles

County. I find them only on the underside of the leaves, and when

numerous they cause the part of the leaf which they attack to

wither and finally die. I saw one field of about 100 acres of

potatoes of which a large percentage of the plants had been

seriously injured by these pests; I also found them in large num-

bers on onions, and this species may prove to be the same! as the

one I sent you specimens of from onions last year. Besides pota-

toes and onions I also found them in large numbers on a plant

commonly known as “Tumble-weed”; on this they were even more

numerous than on the potatoes. I would be glad to receive the

name of this thrips and to learn whether or not it is an introduced

species. I am now carrying on a series of experiments against it

with paris green and whale-oil soap and will report results.

“Reply — ^This is the same species which you sent last year

upon onion, and is a new species of the true genus Thrips. (June

17, 1891.)”

Four years later Theodor Pergande described this species as

Euthrips occidentalis* in Insect Life, vol. 7, page 392, and

Hinds (1902) redescribed it in full.

An undescribed species of thrips found on orange trees in

Los Angeles was reported by C. V. Riley in 1892, Insect Life,

vol. 5, No. 1, page 18. Unless specimens from this collection

are still deposited in the National Museum or elsewhere, and

• Type now in National Museum, Washington, D. C.

JULY, 1936]

BAILEY— THYSANOPTERA

101

can be examined, there is no way of knowing what species was

concerned in this case.

Many early references in economic entomology record Frank-

liniella tritici (Fitch) from the Pacific Coast but present authori-

ties are inclined to refer all such reports to F. oacidentalis

(Perg.) While the paper of Daniel first records H. hcemorrhoi-

dalis from California in 1904, the writer believes that this species

had been in the state for about ten years previous. About fifty

years ago, the greenhouse thrips, one of the first species recog-

nized as of economic importance in North America, wa^ referred

to as the “black fly” or “black thrip.” Among its many green-

house, ornamental, and exotic host plants is listed laurustine,

an imported shrub {Virburnum tinus) . The writer has observed

this thrips injuring various plants outdoors in California from

San Diego to Napa counties. With the above facts in mind, the

citing of a portion of a report on Entomology and Quarantine

by Alexander Craw in 1894 entitled “Black Thrip” leaves but

little doubt that the species referred to was Heliothrips hcemor-

rhoidalis. The quotation from the Fourth Biennial Report of the

State Board of Horticulture of California for 1893-94, page 87,

is given below:

“A minute, narrow, black, six-legged insect, with four nar-

row, transparent wings bordered with light silvery hairs.

“This is an old and well-known pest of hot house plants.

Occasionally it is found on laurestines, fuchsias, and other out-

door ornamental trees or shrubs in this state, but I can find no

record of it as a pest on citrus trees. The past winter, however,

I received specimens of oranges and orange leaves from San

Diego County that were completely covered with light-colored

young and fully developed black insects, together with the small,

dark blotches that indicate the presence of this pest. The fruit

had changed to a dull gray color that would ruin its commercial

value. The leaves were also affected in a similar manner. This

discoloration was caused by the bite of the thrips, for although

they are classed with the order Hemiptera, they are provided with

bristle-like mandibles, with which they tear the epidermis of the

leaf or fruit. A careful examination of orange blossoms and

other sweet-smelling flowers will reveal the presence of delicate

but very active, yellowish insects. These are Thrips tritici, and will

102

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yOL. XII, NO. 3

give an idea of the appearance of the other, except in color. But

the black thrips are slightly larger and more sluggish in their

movements.”

Thrips and leafhoppers, years ago, were referred to indescrimi-

nately as “thrip” and much confusion often resulted in attempt-

ing to distinguish between these two groups of pests. Professor

C. W. Woodworth was one of the first to call attention to this

ambiguous terminology at the 16th State Fruit Growers’ Con-

vention, San Jose, Nov. 15-18, 1892. His statement, published

in the Fourth Biennial Report of the State Board of Horticulture

of California for 1893-94, page 140, is as follows:

“Finally, I wish to speak of a little insect known as the thrip.

There are two classes of insects which commonly receive this

name. The false thrips of the grape and other plants is a leaf-

hopper of the family Jassidce . . . .The true thrips is a smaller

insect and belongs to the ThripidcB. I learn that they have long

been observed in the State doing a good deal of injury . . . The

past season they were very bad on pear, prune, and almond in

some parts of the State.”

Attention should be called to the fact that in 1892, according

to Professor Woodworth’s statement, thrips were known to dam-

age pear, prune and almond in some sections. It is unfortunate

that these localities were not designated. If they had been, we

might be able to either refer this report to the bean thrips or

more accurately fix the first appearance of the pear thrips in

California, which was undoubtedly previous to 1902.

Heretofore, the first published record of the bean thrips was

considered to be that in Insect Life, vol. 7, page 391, 1895, when

it was reported as collected in Yuba County, in November, 1894,

by G. W. Harney. Pergande described it as Heliothrips fasciata*

at that time and it was later (1902) fully redescribed by Hinds.

In the same paper Pergande wrote concerning the onion thrips

“The notes of the Department of Agriculture regarding this

species {Thrips tahaci Lind.) show that it was received during

1889 and 1891 from Mr. Coquillett, from Los Angeles, Cal.,

where it was very injurious to the onions in that section of the

State.” This appears to be the first published record of the onion

thrips in California but iti doubtless was brought in many years

* Type now in National Museum, Washington, D. C.

JULY, 1936]

BAILEY— THYSANOPTERA

103

previous on onion bulbs since this cosmopolitan thrips is com-

monly found everywhere on onions, both in the field and in

storage.

We may then sum up this account of the early history of thrips

in California by saying that their potential importance as crop

pests was first observed in 1882 and that previous to 1900 only

four species were recorded from this greatly diversified agricul-

tural area. Of these four species, two {T. tabaci and H. hcemor-

rhoidalis) were doubtless introduced, and two {F. occidentalis

and H. fasciatus) were native.

Early References to California Thrips

1882. Pacific Rural Press, 24:156, Sept. 2.

1883. Cooke, Matthew. Injurious Insects, H. S. Crocker and Co.,

Sacramento, pp. 122-123.

1887. Klee, W. G. Second Bien. Rpt. State Bd. Hort., State of

Calif., for 1885-86, p. 354.

. Anonymous. Ibid., p. 399.

. Pohndorff, F. Ibid., p. 533.

1891. Riley, C. V., and Howard, L. O. Insect Life, 4:79.

1892. Riley, C. V. Insect Life, 5:18.

1894. Craw, Alexander. Fourth Bien. Rpt. State Bd. Hort., State

of Calif., for 1893-94, pp. 87-88.

Woodworth, C. W. Trans. 16th, State Fruit Growers’ Con-

ven., San J ose, Nov. 15-18, 1892. Pub. in Fourth Bien. Rpt.

State Bd. Hort., State of Calif., for 1893-94, p. 140.

1895. Pergande, T. Insect Life, 7:391-392, 394.

A Cactus Destroyer

A small moth identified as Dyoto pasta yumcella Kearf., {Tin<‘

eidce) , by H. H. Keifer, was found to be killing many clumps of a

small more or less spineless species of cactus, probably Opuntia

hasilaris Engelm., in the Walker Pass Region of Kern County,

California. During the early part of April, 1936, I found the

main trunks of many plants thoroughly honeycombed by the

larvae which were numerous and which had reduced the tissues

to a liquid and putrid condition, with the result that the plants

were rapidly wilting. — Edwin C. Van Dyke.

Weevil Larv.® Annoying to Householders

A. E. Michelbacher reports that during the early part of

April, 1936, numerous larvae and recently developed adults of a

poplar weevil, tentatively identified as Dorytomus nubiculinus

104

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[vOL. XII, NO. 3

Casey, were dropping from a large poplar tree on to a house in

Sacramento and worming their way into the rooms through the

cracks surrounding the screens, much to the annoyance of the

owners. This weevil is rather uncommon in this state, having

been found previously only at Sacramento and in the mountains

of northern Trinity County. — Edwin C. Van Dyke.

NEW THYSANOPTERA BELONGING TO THE

GENUS THEIPS Linn.

BY DUDLEY MOULTON

This paper includes the description of nine new species and

one new variety of the genus Thrips Linn., from various places in

North America.

The genus may be defined by the following characters : Antenna

with seven segments, forked sense cones on segments three and four.

Maxilliary palpus with three segments. Interocellar spines usually

present although sometimes very small; a series of small spines

behind each eye but without any one well defined postocular spine.

Pronotum without spines at the anterior angles but with a pair at

each posterior angle. Wings usually fully developed, with two longi-

tudinal veins; anterior vein not regularly set with spines but the

posterior vein has regularly placed spines over its entire length.

All types are in the audior’s collection.

Thrips dianthi Moulton, new species

Female holotype: Color uniformly light yellow including legs

and wings. First antennal segment concolorous with head, seg-

ments II to VII almost uniformly brown, with II slightly darker

and III somewhat lighter in basal half. Prominent body spines

light brownish. Ocellar crescents light brown.

Total body length 1.17 mm.; head length .10 mm., width .15

mm.; length of fore wing .70 mm. Antennal segments, length

(width) II, 33; III, 46 (16) ; IV, 43; V, 36; VI, 46; VII, 16 microns.

Length of spines on posterior angles of prothorax 33; on ninth

abdominal segment, outer, 93, inner 76; on tenth 83 microns. Fore

vein of fore wing with 4-5 distal spines, hind vein with 13-15

spines. Comb on eighth abdominal segment complete.

This species is very similar to Thrips tabaci Lind, but easily

separated by the one outstanding character, the series of five short

stout spines of about equal length on either side along posterior

margin of prothorax.

Type material: Female holotype taken on Dianthus plumaris.

JULY, 1936]

MOULTON— NEW THRIPS

105

June 3, 1927^ by M. H. Ruhman. Type in author’s collection.

(Moulton No. 2047).

Type locality: Vernon, British Columbia.

Thrips mucidus Moulton, new species

Female holotype: Uniformly clear whitish yellow including legs

and wings. First antennal segment whitish, II concolorous with

head, III light grayish, IV to VII uniformly dark grayish brown.

Ocellar crescents orange. Prominent body spines light brown.

Total body length 1.05 mm.; head, length .08 mm., width .133

mm. Antennal segments, length (width) III, 46 (20); IV, 40; V,

33; VI, 46; VII, 16 microns. Length of spines: on posterior angles

of prothorax, outer 30, inner 33 microns; on ninth abdominal seg-

ment outer 86, inner 73; on tenth 83 microns. Length of fore wing

.60 mm. Fore vein of fore wing with three distal spines, hind vein

with 10-11 spines. Comb on eighth abdominal segment complete.

This species may be compared with conferticornis Priesner,

also found in leaf mould but is easily separated by its much

shorter terminal body spines.

Type material: Female holotype taken from apple leaf mould,

July 3, 1929, by Leroy Childs. Type in author’s collection. No.

3598.

Type locality: Hood River, Oregon.

Thrips gracilis Moulton, new species

Female holotype: Uniformly clear whitish yellow including

legs, wings and first and second antennal segments; third segment

likewise whitish yellow in basal half but slightly shaded with gray

in outer half; IV and V lighter in basal half, light brownish gray

in outer half, VI and VII gray brown. Ocellar crescents orange;

body spines light yellowish brown.

Total body length 1.45 mm.; head, length .102 mm., width .147

mm. Antennal segments, length (width) II, 33 (23) ; III, 63 (16) ;

IV, 50 (16) ; V, 43; VI, 56; VII, 20; total 294 microns. Length of

spines : on posterior angles of prothorax outer 73, inner 83, on ninth

abdominal segment outer, 150, inner 133, on tenth segment 130

microns. Length of fore wing .80 mm. Fore vein of fore wing

with two distal spines, hind vein with 10 spines. Comb on eighth

abdominal segment fully developed.

This species may be compared with flavus Schr. but separated

by its more slender third antennal segment, being four times

longer than wide while in flavus it is only three times longer, by

the lesser number of spines on hind vein of fore wing, ten as

106

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yOL. XII, NO. 3

compared with 13-15 in flavus^ and the two distal spines on fore

vein as compared with three in flavus.

Type n:\aterial: Female holotype and three female paratypes,

taken on Lathyrus venosus. May 22, 1929 by R. M. White. Types

in author’s collection, No. 3726.

Type locality: Aweme, Manitoba, Canada.

Thrips gramineae Moulton, new species

Female holotype: Color uniformly yellowish brown including

all segments of antenna and legs, except tips of tibiae and all tarsi

which are brownish yellow. Wings uniformly light brownish yellow.

Ocellar crescents orange, spines dark brown.

Total body length 1.04 mm.; head, length .106 mm., width .14

mm. Antennal segments, length (width) III, 43 (20) ; IV, 40; V,

36; VI, 46; VII, 16 microns. Spines on posterior angles of pro-

thorax, outer 60, inner 66, on posterior angles of ninth abdominal

segment 110, inner median 106, on tenth 110 microns.

Fore vein of fore wing with three distal spines, hind vein with

11-12 spines. Median spines on metanotum placed 10 microns from

anterior margin and 10 microns apart. Comb on eighth abdominal

segment fully developed, but more or less irregular.

This species has the general appearance of fuscipennis but is

separated by the fully developed comb.

Type material: Female holotype taken on grass. May 1, 1928.

Type in author’s collection. No. 2729.

Type locality: Calaveras Valley, Alameda County, California.

Thrips lathyri Moulton, new species

Female holotype: Color head clear yellow, shaded in front and

behind and darkened at the sides, thorax brownish yellow, abdomen

brown; antennal segments I, II, V and VI dark brown with II

lighter at tip. III yellow, slightly clouded at tip, IV and V yellow

in basal half. Brown distally; legs yellow with femora brownish;

wings clear; Ocellar crescent orange; spines on prothorax clear

yellow, those at tip of abdomen light brownish yellow.

Total body length 1.17 mm.; head length, .117 mm., width .138

mm. Antennal segments, length (width) III, 50 (20); IV, 43; V,

36; VI, 50; VII, 16 microns. Spines on posterior angles of pro-

thorax, outer 23, inner 26-30 microns ; on posterior angles of ninth

abdominal segment 70, inner median 50, on tenth segment 76

microns.

Back of head without transverse striations ; posterior margin of

prothorax with four spines on each side inward from angle spines.

Comb on eighth abdominal segment wanting; median spines on

JULY, 1936]

MOULTON— NEW THRIPS

107

metanotum placed 13 microns from anterior margin and 12 microns

apart; fore vein of fore wing with three distal spines, hind vein

with 12-13 spines.

This species is closely related to discolor Hal. but separated

by its more uniform color and shorter thoracic spines.

Type material: Female holotype taken on Lathyrus sp., May

14, 1926 (G. W. Goldsmith). Type in author’s collection, No.

1161.

Type locality: Colorado Springs, Colorado.

Thrips anemonensis Moulton, new species

Female holotype: Color blackish brown; antennal segments I,

II, V, VII dark brown, III brownish yellow, IV somewhat darker;

all femora and middle and hind tibiae, except at tips, blackish

brown, fore tibiae and all tarsi light yellowish brown; wings light

brown, lighter in basal quarter, body spines blackish brown.

Total body length 1.4 mm.; head, length .10 mm.; width .15 mm.

Antennal segments, length (width) III, 53 (23); IV,46 (20) ;V, 36;

VI, 50; VII 20 microns. Spines on posterior angles of prothorax,

outer 73, inner 76, on posterior angles of ninth abdominal segment

133, median dorsal 106, on tenth segment 116 microns.

Posterior margin of prothorax with fore spines on either side

inside of the angle spines; median spines on metanotum placed

rather close to anterior margin, 7-10 microns and 23 microns apart.

Comb on eighth abdominal segment wanting in the middle. Fore

vein of fore wing with three distal spines hind vein with eleven

spines.

This species has the general appearance of magnus Moulton

but is separated by the lighter third and fourth antennal segments

and the position of the metanotal spines which are much closer

to the anterior margin, also by the eight spines on posterior

margin of prothorax. These two latter characters also serve to

separate it from madronei Moulton.

Type material: Female holotype taken on Anemone patens.

May 11, 1928 (A. B. Bird). Type in author’s collection. No. 3029.

Type locality: Birtle, Manitoba, Canada.

Thrips frosti Moulton, new species

Female holotype: Deep brown, head and thorax lighter, mostly

orange yellow clouded with brown and darkened especially at the

sides; thorax also with areas of red pigment; antennal segments

I, II, VI and VII dark brown, III-V clear yellow except tip of V

which is rather abruptly brown; legs brown with most of fore

108

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XII, NO. 3

tibias and tips of middle and hind tibiae, also all tarsi, clear yellow;

wings uniformly brown; ocellar crescents orange-red; body spines

dark brown.

Total body length 1.1 mm.; head, length, .113 mm., width .133

mm. Antennal segments, length (width) III, 43 (20); IV, 40; V,

33; VI. 50; VII, 16 microns. Spines on posterior angles of pro-

thorax, outer 66, inner 70; on posterior angles of ninth abdominal

segment, 110, inner median 90, on tenth 100 microns.

Back of head with distinct transverse striations ; posterior mar-

gin of prothorax with three spines on each side inward from angle

spines, the innermost pair strong and fully twice longer than the

others; median spines on metahotum. placed about thirteen microns

from anterior margin and thirteen microns apart. Comb on eighth

abdominal segment complete. Fore vein of fore wing with 3-4

distal spines; hind vein with 10-11 spines. This species may be

separated from fuscus, to which it is most closely related, by the

clear yellow tarsi and tips of all tibiae, and the clear yellow fourth

antennal segments, which are clouded brownish in fusctLs.

The male allotype is colored as in the female but somewhat

lighter and the wings are clearer near the base. The clear oval

areas on abdominal tergites two to six are small and oval, the first

30 and the last 23 microns in width.

Type material: Female holotype, male allotype, one male

and four female paratypes, taken by sweeping, August 17, 1929

(C. A. Frost). Types in author’s collection, No. 3787.

Type locality: Sherbom, Massachusetts.

Thrips fuscus Moulton, new species

Female holotype: Color uniformly deep brown including legs

except fore tibiae and all tarsi which are yellowish brown; anten-

nal segments I, II, VI and VII deep brown. III and IV mostly yel-

low but clouded brownish, IV somewhat darker than III, V mostly

brown but lighter in basal third; wings uniformly brown; body

spines dark brown.

Total body length: 1.33 mm.; head, length .123 mm., width .17

mm. Antennal segments, length (width) III, 50 (23); IV, 46; V,

33; VI, 46; VII, 20 microns. Spines on posterior angles of pro-

thorax, outer 70 inner 80, on posterior angles of ninth abdominal

segment 133, inner median 120, on tenth segment 103 microns.

Head slightly broadened behind, cheeks almost straight; posterior

margin of prothorax usually with three spines on either side inside

of angle spines; median spines on metanotum placed close to an-

terior margin and 23 microns apart. Comb on eighth abdominal

segment broken in the middle. Fore vein of fore wing with three

distal spines, hind vein with 12-13.

JULY, 1936]

MOULTON— NEW THRIPS

109

The male allotype is colored almost like the female. The trans-

parent areas on sternites are very small, about ten microns in

width and more round than oval.

This species may be separated from frosti by the uniformly

brown middle and hind tibiae and in the male by the small

roundish transparent areas on the sternites, which are much

smaller and not oval as in frosti.

Type material: Female holotype, male allotype, one male

and two female paratypes, Idaho.

Thrips herricki var. impatientis Moulton, new variety

Female holotype: Colored as in the species.

Total body len^h 1.25 mm.; head, length .113 mm., width. 15

mm. Antennal segments, length (width) III, 53 (18); IV, 50; V,

40; VI, 56; VII, 16 microns. Spines on posterior angles of pro-

thorax, outer, 73, inner, 90, on posterior angles of ninth abdominal

segment 116, inner median 86, on tenth segment 103 microns.

Spines on metanotum placed 10-13 microns from anterior mar-

gin and 16-20 microns apart. Comb on eighth abdominal segment

complete; Fore vein of fore wing with three distal spines, hind

vein with 10-12 spines.

This variety is separated from the species by the shorter third

antennal segment, 53 as compared with 60 microns, the shorter

spines on posterior angles of prothorax, 73-80 as compared with

90-96, and the shorter spines at tip of abdomen.

Type material: Female holotype and two female paratypes

taken on Jewel Weed, September 3, 1927 (L. Blevins) at Atwater

111. (No. 2315) and one paratype, taken by sweeping August 17,

1929 (C. A. Frost) at Sherbom, Massachusetts (No. 3787).

Thrips taraxaci Moulton, new species

Female holotype: Color blackish brown including all femora,

middle and hind tibiae and first two antennal segments, third an-

tennal segment brownish yellow, IV somewhat darker, V to VII

dark brown; fore tibiae and all tarsi brownish yellow; wings uni-

formly brown; ocellar crescents deep orange; body spines dark

brown.

Total body length 1.2;7 mm., head length .106 mm., width .16

mm. Antennal segments, length (width) III, 46 (21); IV, 46; V,

36; VI, 53; VII, 16 microns. Spines on posterior angles of pro-

thorax, outer 76, inner 76, on posterior angles of ninth abdominal

segment 140, median dorsal 133, on tenth segment 133 microns.

Head 1.5 wider than long, transverse striations on back of

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VQL. XII, NO. 3

head distinct. Posterior margin of prothorax with three spines on

either side, inside from angle spines; median spines on metanotum

placed near anterior margin, only 10 microns away but 20 microns

apart. Comb on eighth abdominal segment complete but sparce and

irregular. Fore vein of fore wing with three distal spines, hind

vein with 14-15 spines.

This species is separated from magnus Moulton by its smaller

size, shorter third antennal segment and the complete comb on

eighth abdominal segment.

Male allotype is colored as in female but all antennal segments

are noticeably lighter. The light colored depressions on stemites

two to six are large and transverse, the first 73 by 20 microns, and

the last is only slightly smaller.

Type material: Female holotype, male allotype, and two

female paratypes taken on yellow dandelion, June 12, 1932.

Types in author’s collection, Nos. 4917 and 1521.

Type locality: Bozeman, Montana. One paratype from Mid-

day Valley, British Columbia. (N. L Cutler) .

A Note on the Occurrence of Hesperorhipis albofasciatus

Fall (Buprestidae)

The minute and interesting buprestid Hesperorhipis albo-

fasciatus was described by Dr. FalF from a unique example

beaten from mistletoe at Fort Tejon, California, by Mr. A. C.

Davis. Although Mr. Davis made repeated attempts to obtain

additional specimens and others, including the writer, have sought

for the species at the type locality, to the best of my knowledge

it has not been taken since. It therefore seems of interest to

record a second specimen of this remarkable species which was

captured by Mr. P. J. Timberlake, of the Citrus Experiment Sta-

tion at Riverside. Mr. Timberlake’s example was taken on the

Mt. Baldy Trail, near Camp Baldy, in Los Angeles Co., Calif.,

at an altitude of approximately 4700 feet, August 23, 1920. The

beetle was beaten from Ceanothus, which may well be its host

plant and which might account for the fact that it has not been

taken again on mistletoe. — E. Gorton Linsley.

* Fall, H. C., 1930, Pan-Paeifie Entomoloff^ist 7 :75.

JULY, 1936]

BUCHANAN— COSSONUS

111

THE PACIFICUS GROUP OF COSSONUS

(COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONID^)

BY L. L BUCHANAN

Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine,

United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.

For many years the name Cossonus subareatus Boheman has

been applied in American literature to long-beaked specimens

from northern and mid-western parts of the United States. Bohe-

man’s original description, however, calls for a species from

Philadelphia, of the size and shape of cylindricus, having the

rostrum short, thick and half again as long as the head; pronotum

lightly convex and with a sparsely punctulate plaga each side.

These and other statements in the description fit platalea Say in

a general way, though nothing is said of a pronotal flattening, a

characteristic feature of Say’s species. The allocation is doubt-

ful, but at present it seems best to place subareatus Boh. as a

synonym of platalea Say. At any rate, it is clear that Boheman’s

description cannot apply to any of the three forms here treated.

Besides pad ficus Van Dyke, the long-beaked specimens at

hand {subareatus of American authors; not Boheman, Gen. et sp.

Cure., VIII, 2, 1845, p. 266) represent two species, both appar-

ently undescribed. One is closely related to, and perhaps only an

American subspecies of, the European parellelepipedus Hbst.;

the other is a near ally of pacificus.

Key to species of pacificus group.

1. Rostrum relatively long, slender, and strongly widened apically,

the rostral length (from front margin of eye to apex of man-

dible) 3 to 4 times greater than the least rostral width, the

latter about five-eighths that of the greatest width; basal mar-

gin of pronotum truncate or fully bisinuate ; at least hind tibia

of cT thickest (dorso-ventrally) at about basal two-fifths, where

the lower edge in profile is convex and broadly rounded to sub-

angulate, the edge from there to apex with a conspicuous fringe

of golden hairs; hind tibia of ? moderately to strongly sinuate

along lower edge and with a sparse fringe 2

— . Rostrum shorter and stouter, its length less than three, and

sometimes less than two, times greater than its least width, the

latter usually more than five-eighths that of the greatest

width; basal margin of pronotum feebly to strongly bisinuate;

hind tibia, c? and $, as thick or thicker at apex than elsewhere,

slender (as in platalea) to shorter and thicker (as in corti-

112

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. XII, NO. 3

cola) , subevenly and gradually thickened from base to apex, or

with the lower edge feebly to moderately sinuate, this edge

usually with only the normal clothing of scattered hairs (in

lupini with a sparse fringe) rest of the genus.

2. Pronotum feebly convex (often sub-planate medio-basally),

finely alutaceous, punctures subevenly distributed, those each

side of median line toward base only slightly to moderately

larger, basal margin usually truncate or nearly so; rostrum

longer and more slender, the apical dilation (from its beginning

to mandibular apex) usually at least as long as broad; base of

abdomen (cf) densely pilose. Southern Canada and Northern

United States americanus, new species.

— . Pronotum fiattened and polished on disk, minutely alutaceous

laterally, punctures conspicuously uneven in size and distribu-

tion, basal margin feebly bisinuate ; rostrum stouter, the apical

dilation quadrangular or slightly transverse; base of abdomen

(i^) not pilose 3

3. Length, 4-6.5 mm.; color usually black; anterior femur more

strongly clavate; posterior tibia (cf) abruptly and strongly

thickened at about basal third, the lower edge from there to

apex with a dense fringe of long, golden hairs some of which

are at least one-fourth as long as the tibia, the fringe extending

on to basal two or three segments of tarsus. California to

British Columbia, east to Quebec; also Arizona and Colorado

pad ficus Van Dyke

— . Length, 4-5.4 mm.; elytra reddish; d' tibia similarly but more

feebly thickened, the hairs of the fringe much shorter. Kansas,

Missouri, Dakota rufipennis, new species

Cossonus americanus Buchanan, new species

{subareatus authors [part], not Boheman)

Length, 4.5-6.5 mm.; width, 1.3-2 mm. Black or piceous-black,

the antennae, legs, and apex of rostrum more or less reddish, the

elytra sometimes obscure rufous laterally; occasionally the body is

reddish-brown throughout. Head, rostrum, and pronotum finely

alutaceous, moderately shiny. Rostrum (from front edge of eye

to apex of mandibles) about two-thirds as long as pro thorax,

dilated apical portion distinctly shorter than basal portion. Middle

and hind tibiae of cT rather abruptly thickened at about basal three-

sevenths, the hairs of the fringe rather long on hind tibia (shorter

than in pad ficus, longer than in rufipennis) ; lower edge of ^

femora fringed with inclined, golden hairs in basal half, the fringe

densest on hind femur, sparse to obsolescent on front femur.

Head sparsely punctulate, frontal puncture distinct, eye lightly

convex. Rostrum feebly arcuate, in side view subcontinuous with

front, rather strongly tapering from base to middle, then feebly

so to apex, side before eye somewhat unevenly and closely punc-

JULY, 1936]

BUCHANAN— COSSONUS

113

tate and with very fine, sparse, prostrate, transversely directed,

pale hairs; rostrum above narrowest at about basal third, the

dilated apical portion two-thirds or more as wide as the width of

head across eyes, punctures fine, sparse to rather close, finer

toward apex. First segment of funicle longer than the second,

which is longer than the third, the distal segments widened, the

seventh strongly transverse. Prothorax about as long as wide,

subapical constriction usually rather deep, sides usually with a

slight constriction near base, thence rounded divergent to widest

point about basal third, then feebly convergent and rounded (or

nearly straight) to about apical third; pronotum with a narrow,

smooth, median line from base to middle or beyond, the line some-

times feebly raised, especially basally, punctures rather small, not

dense, some of them longitudinally elliptical, those in basal half

along each side of median line and along side margins more or less

distinctly larger than those between. Elytra averaging about one-

fifth or one-sixth wider than prothorax, base subtruncate or faintly

bisinuate, serial punctures small, narrower than intervals, the lat-

ter lightly convex and each with a row of minute punctures. Be-

neath finely alutaceous; d' with first sternite broadly, the second

more narrowly, impressed, the impression densely and finely punc-

tate and clothed with long, inclined, golden hairs.

Type locality'. Duparquet, Quebec, Canada, July 3, 1935,

Populus balsamifera, G. Stace Smith.

Other localities: Michigan (Escanaba, Marquette, and White-

fish Point, Hubbard and Schwarz collection; “Mic. & “Mich”.,

Casey collection) ; Wisconsin (Bayfield, Wickham) ; Colorado

(Buena Vista, July 1-6, 1896, 7,900-8,000 ft., H. F. Wickham;

Ouray, July 1-15, 1897, 7,500-8,000 ft., H. F. Wickham) ; Wash-

ington (Hoquiam, Picea sitchensis, Burke, Hopk. 2037a) ; Cali-

fornia (Fieldbrook, May 26, 1903, H. S. Barber; Lake Tahoe,

Casey Coll.)

Type, S, 51384, U. S. National Museum. Paratypes returned

to Mr. G. Stace Smith.

Described from 68 specimens of which 49 were collected at

the type locality by Mr. Smith. The females outnumber the males

by about 3 to 1. Distinctive characters are the long rostrum,

finely alutaceous derm (except on elytra), relatively fine, sparse,

and subeven pronotal punctures, and the male sexual characters.

At favorable angles the alutaceous sculpture of the pronotal

derm is perceptible at about 20x, at which magnification the

pronotum of all other North American species appears polished.

114

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XII, NO. 3

The hair fringe on male femora, and the hairy area at base of

male abdomen, also are unique characters among the species of

this fauna. Differs from the European par allele pi pedus Hbst. in

having the dorsal punctures slightly coarser, the rostrum still

more feebly arcuate, and the tibiae rather more strongly thick-

ened. The genitalia of one male of each form has been examined;

in par allelepi pedus, the median lobe is parallel-sided basally and

very broadly rounded at apex, while in americanus the median

lobe is somewhat narrowed basally and more narrowly rounded

at apex.

The two California specimens have the pronotum more con-

vex and more strongly rounded at sides than is normal, and one

of them (from Fieldbrook) is unusually large (6.5 mm. long).

In a few specimens the elytra are narrower, being only about one-

eighth wider than the prothorax.

CossoNus PACiFicus Van Dyke

Of this species, the National Museum collection contains

specimens from Tallac, California (type locality) ; “Cal.”; Ash-

ford and Skokomish River, Washington (“W. T.”— Washington) ;

Creston, B. C. ; Duparquet, Quebec; Ouray, Colorado; Utah;

Arizona. Host trees are given as Populus tremuloides (Tallac

specimens), Populus trichocarpa (Ashford specimens) and Popu-

lus (Duparquet specimens). At its thickest point at about basal

third, the $ hind tibia is twice as thick as at base. The

dense hair fringe on the $ hind tibia is divided, or broadly

parted, longitudinally at its midde, giving the appearance of a

double fringe. The lower edge of the hind femur of the 5 is

feebly transversely impressed at about the middle, showing as a

shallow emargnation in profile view. Of the 27 specimens seen

four are males.

Cossonus rufipennis Buchanan, new species

{suhareatus authors [part], not Boheman)

Length, 4.2-5.4 mm.; width, 1.3-1. 5 mm. Blackish, polished, the

elytra, legs, antennae, and apex of rostrum reddish. Disk of pro-

notum flat. Hind tibia of thickened at about basal two-fifths, the

lower edge from there to apex with a fringe of golden hair; cT

middle tibia and $ hind tibia sinuate, the fringe formed by shorter

hairs.

JULY, 1936]

BUCK ANAN— COSSO NUS

115

Head very sparsely punctulate on vertex, sparsely and finely

punctate on front, frontal puncture distinct, eyes lightly convex.

Rostrum, from front edge of eye to apex about four-sevenths as

long as pronotum, in side view feebly arcuate, subcontinuous with

front, slightly to scarcely tapering from base to middle, more

strongly tapering apically, above finely and rather sparsely punc-

tate, the punctures finer and usually denser on the dilated apical

portion which is slightly transverse and shorter than the stem of

the rostrum ; side of rostrum with punctures and pubescence a little

finer and sparser than in americamis. Antenna about as in ameri-

canus. Prothorax subquadrate, widest behind middle, rather deeply

and abruptly constricted near apex, slightly so near base, sides

converging and nearly straight from about basal to apical third;

disk of pronotum with a large, longitudinally ovate polished fiat-

tening, broader at base, where it covers one-half to two-thirds

the pronotal width, reaching from base nearly or quite to apical

collar, the derm laterad of this area minutely alutaceous; median

smooth line reaching from base to near apex, the line with vague

or sinuous outlines, much wider at and behind middle, narrower

in apical half and usually narrowed again at base; the punctures

each side of median line extremely coarse, especially toward base,

the punctures along side margins moderate in size, the punctures

between (i.e., in a broad longitudinal area opposite third and fourth

elytral intervals) abruptly very fine and sparse in about basal

third, becoming gradually coarser anteriorly. Elytra feebly bisin-

uate at base, about one-sixth wider than prothorax, serial punc-

tures coarse but well separated, in places almost or quite as wide

as an interval, the intervals faintly convex on disk, more strongly

so on apical declivity, each minutely, uniseriately punctate. First

and second sternites coarsely punctate, the punctures denser at

sides, fifth sternite sparsely and more finely punctate.

Type, male, 51385, U. S. National Museum.

Type locality: Salina, Kansas.

Other localities: “Kans.”; “Ks.” (Casey coll.) ; “Dak.”; St.

Joseph, Missouri.

Thirteen specimens (5 & 2 ) , one of them without locality

label.

Very close to pad ficus Van Dyke, the two sometimes scarcely

distinguishable in the female sex. In general, pacificus is larger,

the elytra usually black or piceous-black, the pronotum less

flattened, the pronotal punctures each side of median line (also

those in serial rows of elytra) a little smaller, the sides of the

prothorax a trifle more rounded-convergent forward, the rostrum

above a little more strongly punctate, the anterior femur more

116

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yOL. XII, NO. 3

abruptly clavate. In the absence of males, the reddish elytra

and the habitat will perhaps make rufipennis identifiable in most

cases. In rufipennis the lower edge of the fore femur in profile

is broadly rounded at the summit of the femoral swelling, whereas

in pad ficus the swelling is more abruptly formed, its summit in

profile more narrowly rounded to almost angulate.

TWO NEW LEAFHOPPERS FROM TROPICAL AMERICA

BY P. W. OMAN*

The two Cicadellidae here described are of unusual interest

in that they represent groups not heretofore known to occur in

America. Both appear to have their nearest allies in the Oriental

Region, but neither can be associated satisfactorily with any

described species. Thanks are due to Mr. C. H. Ballou of San

Jose, Costa Rica, and Dr. W. A. Hoffman of San Juan, Puerto

Rico, for sending the specimens upon which the descriptions are

based.

Neonirvana Oman, new genus

Medium sized leafhoppers, approximately 5-7 mm. in length,

somewhat flattened dorso-ventrally, related to Nirvana Kirkaldy

and Ophiuchus Distant^ in general form and structure of the

head, but differing from both in the absence of a median carina

on the front and in the presence of a closed anteapical cell in

the fore wing. Resembling Nirvana in the structure of the face,

but with the head broader, especially anteriorly. Much like

Ophiuchus in the structure of the crown but with the face less

flattened.

Crown nearly flat, anterior margin slightly elevated, entire

anterior and lateral margins of crown separated from front by a

distinct carina which extends to eyes laterally. Median length of

crown slightly greater than greatest width. Ocelli situated near

lateral margins of crown, some distance in front of inner margins

of eyes (Fig. 1, A). Face broad and slightly convex, antennal pits

and facial sclerites typical of the subfamily. Lateral pronotal

carinae distinct, posterior margin of pronotum shallowly and

^Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine

United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.

^ The writer has not examined the genotype of either Nirvana, or Ophiuchus,

but accepts Baker’s characterization of the two genera, (see Philippine Jour*

Sci., vol. 23, p. 346-406, 1923).

JULY, 1936]

OMAN— NEW LEAFHOPPERS

117

broadly excavated. Fore wing comparatively broad but extending

well beyond tip of abdomen; appendix absent or extremely small;

venation obscure, but with a row of shallow pits along each side

of the veins except apically, these pits usually set with very fine

setae. Claval veins apparently united distally; corium with outer

anteapical cell present but short and rhomboidal in shape; apical

vein separating second and third apical cells forked just before

apex of wing to form an additional small V-shaped apical cell, at

the base of which the wing membrane thickens to form a small,

round, shining, black spot. Hind wing with venation typical, hav-

ing four apical cells. Slight sexual dimorphism apparent in length

of head.

Type of the genus, Neonirvana hyalina, new species.

Figure 1. Neonirvana hyalina, n. sp. A, dorsal view of head

and thorax; B, lateral view of head; C, left fore wing.

Neonirvana hyalina Oman, new species

(Fig. 1, A,B,C)

General color pale green to pale yellow with whitish mark-

ings on pronotum and scutellum. Fore wings greenish to yellow-

ish subhyaline. Length of male 5.5 mm., of female 6.75 mm.

Crown without definite markings except for a pair of narrow,

longitudinal, yellowish-green to orange yellow vittae each side of

median line and for similarly colored but indefinite areas along

lateral margins. Longitudinal vittae nearer to median line than to

eyes and extending from base nearly to apex of crown. Face and

entire venter greenish-white to yellowish-white, sometimes tinged

with yellow. Pronotum with white lateral margins, usually a pair

of faint whitish spots anteriorly near median line, and faint

traces of longitudinal vittae continuous with those on crown. Scu-

tellum with a pair of median white areas anterior to transverse

suture. Inner apical cell of fore wing hyaline, outer apical margin

of fore wing bordered with smoky brown.

118

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XII, NO. 3

Male valve minute; male plates unusually long, slender basally

and with ventral margins set with stout setae, distally much broad-

ened and almost membranous, with the broadened portion normally

held nearly vertically, apices broadly rounded and margins of sub-

membranous portions set with very fine setae, these long and fila-

mentous below, shorter above. Styles slender and simple, apices

curved laterally and terminating in sharp points which are faintly

embrowned. Last ventral segment of female with a very faint

median carina, the posterior margin triangularly produced, the

blunt apex with a shallow median notch. Ovipositor sheath slightly

exceeding pygofer in length, pygofer sparsely set with stout setas

apically and along ovipositor sheath.

Holotype male, allotype female, and 3 female paratypes

from San Pedro de Montes de Oca, Costa Rica, January 31, 1936,

C. H. Ballou (C. R. 355). Al^o 1 female paratype from Orosi,

Costa Rica, September 13, 1935, C. H. Ballou. Types in collec-

tion of United States National Museum, Cat. No. 51617.

The foregoing genus conforms in all respects with the group

characters given by Baker, 1923, for Nirvana and allies, which he

treats as a family with rank equal to Bythoscopidae, Koebeliidae,

etc. While it is debatable whether these groups are of family or

of subfamily rank, the writer considers the comparative evalua-

tion satisfactory.

Krisna insularis Oman, new species

Closely related to K. strigicollis Spinola, to which it runs in

Baker’s key to the genus* and with which it agrees in general size

and coloration. Differing from strigicollis in being smaller than

the average size for that species and in having a slightly wider

head and more slender form. Length of male 9.75 mm.

Head nearly as wide as pronotum, anterior margin of crown

broadly rounded, median length of crown about one-half the width

between eyes. Face as in strigicollis, but margin between crown

and face thinner than in that species and only the upper of the

transverse carinae distinct for entire width of crown. Ocelli large.

Antennae short, as in strigicollis. Transverse rugae on pronotum

less distinct than in strigicollis, and pronotum only slightly wider

posteriorly than next the eyes. Fore wing more slender than that

of strigicollis, more tapered distally, and with appendix much nar-

rower and less membranous. Inner apical cell of fore wing very

narrow and elongate as in strigicollis, remainder of apical portion

of fore wing coarsely reticulately veined. Legs, particularly the

^ Philippine Jour. Sci., vol. 15, p. 213, 1919.

JULY, 1936]

OMAN— NEW LEAFHOPPERS

119

hind tarsi, more slender than in even smaller specimens of strigi-

collis, and hind tarsi without stout spines except in distal combs.

Color pale virescent to pale stramineus, probably vividly vires-

cent in life. Eyes and small areas around ocelli red or brown, an-

terior tibiae and tips of all tarsi tinged with reddish.

Male valve very large and rounded posteriorly, almost complete-

ly covering the small, finger-like plates which are set with fine,

filamentous setae. Styles extending slightly beyond plates, termi-

nating in curved, upturned points, and each with a blunt, tooth-like

projection on the ventral side a short distance before apex.

Holotype male from Luqillo National Forest, Puerto Rico,

Sept. 9, 1935, W. A. Hoffman. One male paratype labeled El

Yunque, P. R., 2800 ft., Feb. 25-27, 1900, C. W. Richmond.

Types in collection of United States National Museum, Cat. No.

51618.

The writer has at hand for comparison types or authentically

determined material of most of the species of the genus Krisna,

but the species described above appears to he quite distinct from

any previously named, although it is possible that this represents

one of the variations now included as synonyms of strigicollis. In

addition to the specific characters indicated above, insularis pos-

sesses all the higher group characters listed for Krisnai by Baker,

1919, in his review of the genus, to which workers are referred for

generic characters, synonymy, and distribution.

Hibernation in the CERAMBYCiojE

The statement frequently appears in the literature pertaining

to the habits and biology of the Cerambycidae that “no species

are known to hibernate as adults except in the pupal cell.” In

Southern California, a number of species including Ipochus

fasciatus very frequently pass the winter in the adult stage. In

the foothills of Los Angeles County this latter species may be

found all during the winter months. In cold spells the beetles

occur under loose bark or secreted in the dried and curled up

leaves of the native black walnut, Juglans calif ornica, and other

host plants. On warm days they come forth and feed upon the

bark or crawl about over the tree. Likewise Mr. K. D. Sloop

has reported taking Saperda horni Joutel and Synaphasta guexi

LeConte rather abundantly in the winter months on Salix in

Orange County. — E. Gorton Linsley.

120

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XII, NO. 3

Note Regarding Eschatomoxys wagneri Blaisdell

In the Pan-Pacific Entomologist, Vol. XI, No. 3, 1935, I

described the above remarkable Tenebrionid from a unique. A

second specimen has been discovered in the collection of Mr. P.

H. Timberlake of Riverside, California. I am indebted to Mr.

Fred R. Platt for the following data regarding the specimen: It

was collected in Painted Canyon, Riverside County, California

on April 18, 1925, by Mr. Timberlake. Its appendages are partly

imperfect, both antenna however being intact. The insect evidently

was dead when found. — ^F. E. Blaisdell, Sr.

A NEW SPECIES OF MAYFLY FROM CALIFORNIA

(Ephemerida: Baetidge)

BY W. M. UPHOLT

Berkeley, California

Callibactis hebes Upholt sp. nov.

Length: Body 7^-10 mm.; wing 7^-10 mm.; caudal fila-

ments 15-20 mm.

Male dark brown, female pale tan; cross veins of fore wing

few in number; marginal intercalaries paired; wing of male

clear to deeply pigmented in stigmatic area and in spots along

costal margin.

Male: Head and thorax blackish-brown; pale areas on pleura

especially around margins; pale streaks along thoracic folds; fore

legs dark brown; femur paler at tip; middle and hind legs pale

tan; joints dark brown; legs with faint dark stipling.

Wings hyaline (see figure 1); cross veins moderately abundant

(45 to 60 behind Radius 1) ; marginal intercalaries paired, some

of them transparent, white, and very difficult to see; longitudinal

veins dark brown except where cross veins intersect them; cross

veins white except for a few dark brown ones in the apical region ;

cross veins of the basal half of the costal cell white and frag-

mentary; costal brace pale; costal angulation of hind wing rather

obtuse (about 120 degree angle) ; cross veins numerous (about

25); three longitudinal veins; several short intercalaries between

second and third.

Abdominal tergites reddish-tan with six dark brown longi-

tudinal streaks, two on the margin and four evenly spaced over the

dorsum. Considerable dark brown spotting especially laterally,

gradually becoming thicker anteriorly. Two median longitudinal

streaks, interrupted' at th6 posterior margins of tergites 7 to 9. In

some specimens the brown spotting and streaks become so general

JULY, 1936]

UPHOLT— NEW MAYFLY

121

as to give the abdomen the appearance of being solidly dark brown.

Dark brown stippling on sternites more sparse and more evenly

spaced; two rows of dark brown longitudinal streaks at anterior

margin of each sternite, grading from mere spots, widely separated

on sternite 1 to streaks over half the length of sternite 8 and rather

close together, reduced to short dashes again in sternite 9. Forceps

mottled smoky-brown. Caudal filaments white; incisures blackish-

brown.

Female'. Head and thorax pale tan, margins of thoracic nota

darker reddish-brown; scutellum yellow. Hind legs pale, spotted

with dark brown. An irregular row of round brown spots along

femora.

Wings hyaline; cross veins fewer than in male (35 to 45 behind

Radius 1). Costa extending around outer margin of wing, brown

at ends of major convex veins and white at end of major concave

veins. Fore wing irregularly mottled with reddish-brown along

the costal border. Costal brace pale medially and dark at each

end; numerous brown triangles extending from costa into costal

cell, in some cases forming a band from costa to subcosta; bands

thicker and more irregular toward apex. Six irregular clouds ex-

tending between subcosta and Radius 2, two middle ones much the

largest. Clouding in right and left wings differing i'n more minute

details and showing considerable variation among different speci-

mens. Hind wings similar to male but with fewer crossveins. The

basal pigmentation does not extend into costal angulation as in

Callihsetis hageni Eaton, (see fig. 2).

Abdomen pale smoky grey; tergites 1, 3, 4, 7, and 8, largely

dark brown, others with two brown spots on anterior margin, and

sparsely speckled with brown. Sternites sparsely speckled with

brown, each sternite with a pair of larger brown spots located

medianly. Caudal filaments smoky brown, darker distally with

blackish-brown incisures; alternate joinings wider at the base.

Coloration of abdomen more reddish-brown and with less distinct

markings in those dried specimens in which the abdomen contains

eggs.

Male subimago Wings uniformly smoky grey, cross veins not

margined with white as in Callihsetis hageni Eaton. Outer and anal

margins short-fringed.

Mature nymph: Somewhat smaller than in C. hageni Eaton

(9-10 mm.) but very similar in mouthparts and gills. Femora

differ in having no median line or preapical brown band as in C.

hageni.

Holotype : Male. Body 9 ; wing 9]^ mm. Alpine Dam, Marin

Co., Calif., October 6, 1935. (No. 4197 in California Academy

of Sciences) .

122

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XII, NO. 3

Allotype: Female. Abdomen shrunken; wing 9 mm. Same

data as holotype. (No. 4198 in California Academy of Sciences).

Paratypes : 63 $ images, 5 2 images, 1 $ subimago, 5 nymphs,

same data as holotype ; 3 $ images, 2 2 images. Strawberry Can-

yon, Berkeley, Calif., October 7-8, 1935.

The male imago is separable from Callibcstis hageni Eaton by

its smaller size and paler sternites, as well as in the general

coloration of its abdomen which is too variable to be a reliable

characteristic.

Figure 1. Callibsetis hehes, n. sp. Fore wing of male imago;

fig. 2, same, wings of female imago; fig. 3, Callibsetis hageni

Eaton, wings of female imago.

The female imago is readily separable from C. hageni by its

smaller size, the reduced pigmentation along the costal border

of wings, and the complete absence of pigmentation in basal

costal space and on the disc of fore wing (See figures 2 and 3.)

Coloration of body is also different being more like C. pacificus

Seemann, though I do not like to rely upon this character since

it is so difficult to describe accurately.

This species is named hehes in reference to its faint cross

veins and marginal intercalaries which are easily overlooked be-

cause of this characteristic.

JULY, 1936]

CAZIER— CICINDEILA PLUTONIOA

123

NOTES ON CICINDELA PLUTONICA CASEY WITH

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SUBSPECIES

BY MONT A. CAZIER

The accumulation of a number of specimens of Cicindela

plutonica Csy. of both sexes, has made it possible for me to

study the species and a limited number of its variations and to

conclude that it is a valid species. Dr. Walther Horn (Genera

Insectorum, fasc. 82c, p. 376) places this species as a subspecies

of Cicindela tranqueharica Hbst. and lists it following the sub-

species sierra Leng. It is my opinion that C. plutonica is a valid

species and should be placed in the phylogenetic scheme fol-

lowing C. tranqueharica Hbst. and its subspecies, and preceding

C. longilabris Say as listed by C. W. Leng (1920). In what is to

follow I will substantiate my conclusion with the evidence before

me.

When T. L. Casey described the species in 1897 he had one

male specimen on which he based his description. Since that

time several females have been taken which show that the species

exhibits a remarkable degree of sexual dimorphism. This fea-

ture supported by the structural differences, to be pointed out

later, along with its ecological peculiarities show that the species

is of specific value.

Cicindela plutonica Casey

(Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., IX, p. 296, 1897)

Male. Form nearly as in C. tranqueharica subsp. sierra Leng,

but more elongate; rugosity of head, prothorax and elytra much

less granulate ; labrum shorter and more flattened with the median

lobe much less pronounced, pale in color with fine dark apical mar-

gin, imperfectly three toothed. Head similar to subsp. sierra but

with the rugosity reduced. Elytra more elongate and parallel

with distinct subsutural row of foveae, interhumeral impression at

base deep ; sculpturing less granulate than in sierra. Ely tral mark-

ings consist of an indication of the transverse portion of the middle

band and a subsutural remnant of the apical lunule. Color black.

Length 13-13.5 mm.; width 4.5-5.2 mm.

Female. Form parallel and elongate as in male but more robust,

and distinctly convex. Labrum varying as to color but distinctly

three toothed, longer and more pointed in median portion. Elytral

markings in the two specimens before me consists of a subsutural

remnant of the apical lunule; sculpturing same as in male. Length

15.5-16 mm.; width 5.5-6 mm.

Habitat Summit, Calif, and Placer Co., Calif., June 25, 1898,

124

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL, XII, NO. 3

4 males (Koebele) ; Alpine, Oregon, June 27, 1892, in the C. W.

Leng colletcion, 1 female; Alpine Co., Calif., July 1934 by J.

E. Blum, 1 female; Nevada.

The distribution of this species is alpine, it occurs from

9.000 to 10,000 feet on the rocky hillsides in the vicinity of the

snow pools. It is very wary and fast in flight, its dark color mak-

ing it very difficult to distinguish from the black mountain soil.

From the above description it is evident that the male, al-

though superficially similar, is distinct from that of C. sierra in

most of its basic characters and the female, being very convex

and parallel, could not possibly be associated with any member

of the tranquebarica group. These structural facts supported by

the distinct ecological differences that exist, in that sierra occurs

in the high valleys along the grassy stream banks at 6,000 to

8.000 feet whereas plutonica occurs on the rocky hillsides about

the snow pools from 9,000 to 10,000 feet, lead me to regard C.

plutonica as a distinct species.

This species can be associated with C. longilabris subsp.

montana Lee. in that the female is convex, labrum long and

pointed as in the members of the longilabris group and the two

species occupy very similar ecological habitats. J. E. Blum col-

lected several specimens of the subsp. montana Lee. in the same

locality with C. plutonica in July 1934, in Alpine Co., California.

Cicindela plutonica leachi Cazier, new subspecies

Female. Form as in the female of C. plutonica but more convex.

Color green with, purple reflections, shiny; underside brilliant

green. Elytral markings lacking. Labrum longer, more pointed

in the median portion, distinctly three toothed, brownish black to

black in color. Sculpturing of head, prothorax and elytra more

reduced than in plutonica. Length. 15 mm.; width 6 mm.

Habitat. Occurs at high elevations, 9,000 to 10,000 feet, in

the Warner Mts., Modoc Co., Calif. (June 29, 1931). Holotype

female in the author’s collection.

It is with great pleasure that I dedicate this distinct subspecies

to Mr. E. R. Leach who very kindly presented the specimen to

me for study. I am greatly indebted to Mr. J. E. Blum and Mr.

E. R. Leach for specimens and notes and more especially to Dr.

E. C. Van Dyke for his valuable assistance and constructive criti-

cisms.

JULY, 1936]

LIGHT— TERMITES

125

A TROPICAL TERMITE IN CALIFORNIA

BY S. F. LIGHT

University of California, Berkeley, California

Not long ago a student, recently returned from a stay of

several years in Lima, Peru, brought me a letter file containing

living termites. They were in a piece of wood, 12x2x^ inches,

not in contact with any other wood of the file. Here the young

colony, consisting of about a dozen nymphs and the royal pair,

was flourishing after a six weeks sojourn in Berkeley.

Similar introductions from South America, Mexico, the Orient,

and especially from the Philippines and Hawaii must have oc-

curred many times. There seems no reason to believe, however,

that any such exotic species have become established. One may

suppose this failure on the part of introduced species to become

established here to be due to the lack of a combination of high

humidity and high temperature presumably necessary to bring

about swarming and the establishment of new colonies.

The species proved to be Kalotermes (Cryptotermes) brevis

(Walker) a termite distributed widely throughout the West

Indies, Mexico and Central America and known to be present at

least as far south as British Guiana on the east coast of South

America. This is the first report from the west coast of South

America. The student’s description of the damage suffered in

Lima from house termites leads me to believe that Cr. brevis is

well established there and will be found still farther south.

Cr. brevis is a “powder post termite” living in dry wood with-

out ground connections. It is a “house termite” confining its activi-

ties largely if not entirely to manufactured wood and other cellu-

lose-containing materials. In certain regions as in Colima, Mexico

(Light, 1933) it does a great deal of minor damage to furniture,

stored goods, etc. Its ability to live in very thin pieces of hard,

relatively dry wood increases the range of its destructiveness as

does its tendency to extend its workings into cellulose materials

such as books and dry goods left on the wood in which it makes

its colony headquarters. This ability to thrive in small pieces of

wood, such as, those in packing cases etc. makes for its wide dis-

persal. Fuller’s (1921) Cryptotermes pseudobrevis found in a

box in South Africa is almost certainly this species. It seems

possible also that a more complete knowledge of the range of

126

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VpL. XII, NO. 3

variation in the species may show Cryptotermes piceatus Snyder

from Hawaii, the Marquesas and Hongkong as also Cr. danvird

Light from the Galapagos Islands to be conspecific with Cr.

brevis (Walker) .

AN ANNOTATED LIST OF THE LEPTURINI OF OREGON

BY M. P. CANOVA

U. S. Bureau of Entomology

The following list of the members of this tribe of the family

CerambycidcB contains host records and points of collection of

the several species known to occur within the State, together

with authorities for each. Although the following list is prob-

ably incomplete in some respects, it is hoped that it may be of

service as a ready reference to students of the Coleoptera. In

this paper, the classification follows Swaine and Hopping ’28,

the species are, however given in alphabetical arrangement under

the several genera.

The writer is indebted to Dr. W. J. Chamberlin, Associate

Professor of Entomology, Oregon State College, who very kindly

made his personal collection of Coleoptera available for study,

as well as the collection of the Oregon State College. He gave

further much valuable help in the compiling of the data which

follows.

Genus Acm;eops Lee., 1850

A. atra (Lee.) 1850; Oregon (Leng).

A. basalts (Lee.); Warner Mts., Lake County, Oregon (Cham-

berlin).

A. directa Newman; Washington (probably Oregon) ;Lirio-

dendron, Castanea (Craighead).

A. longicornis var. Kby.; Steens Mts., Oregon (Seullen).

A. mollipilosa (Lee.) 1860; Oregon (Leng).

A. pratensis (Laieh.) 1781-84; Oregon (Leng); Warner Mts.,

Lake County, Oregon; and Sparta, Oregon (Chamberlin).

Acmaeops proteus (Kby.) ; Whitman Nat’l. Forest; Melhorns

Mill, near Halfway, Baker County, Oregon (Chamberlin).

A. subaena (Lee.); Klamath County, Oregon (Chamberlin).

A. subpilosa Lee.; Corvallis, Oregon (Moore, G. F. Moznette,

Sehwarz, Farrell, J. C. Bridwell, A. L. Lovett) ; Condon, Oregon

and Soap Cr., Benton County, Oregon (J. C. Bridwell).

JULY, 1936]

CANOVA— OREGON LEPTURINI

127

A. subpilosa coloradensis Csy.; Corvallis, Oregon (Chamberlin).

A. tumida (Lee.) 1857; Corvallis, Ore. (Schwarz); Klamath

Falls, Oregon (Chamberlin).

Genus Alosterna Mulsant, 1863

A. keeni Csy., 1913; California, Oregon, British Columbia

(Swaine and Hopping) ; “ . . . variety of A. ruhida Lee.” (Van

Dyke) ; “ . . . this species has red and more sparsely punc-

tured elytra, etc.,” (Sw. & H.).

A. ruhida Lee., 1873; California, Oregon (Swain and Hopping) ;

Pamelia Lake, Mt. Jefferson, Oregon, altitude of 3000 ft. (J. C.

Bridwell); “Probably breeds in Coniferae” (Van Dyke).

Genus Anoplodera Mulsant, 1840

A. amabilis Lee., 1857; Pamelia Lake, Mt. Jefferson, Oregon

(J. C. Bridwell); in Pinus ponder osa (Hopping).

A aspera Lee., 1873; in Betula (Craighead).

A, barberi Fall, 1907; in dead Picea sitkensis (Essig).

A behrensii Lee., 1873; Mary’s Peak, Oregon (Gentner,

Lovett) ; Newport, Oregon (R. E. Dimick) ; Mt. Jefferson, Oregon

(J. C. Bridwell) ; in Pseudotsuga taxifolia and Picea sitkensis

(Van Dyke).

A brevicornis Lee., 1873; California (Swaine and Hopping);

Oregon (W. J. Chamberlin) ; in Abies magnifica (Blaisdell) ; in

Pinus ponderosa and Abies concolor (Chamberlin).

A. canadensis Oliv., 1795; Blue Mts., and Hood River, Oregon

(Childs); Corvallis, Oregon (Buchanan); Santiam Nat’l. Forest,

and Corvallis, and Linn County, Oregon (Chamberlin); in Abies

grandis, Pinus, and Tsuga (Chamberlin) ; in Pinus contorta, Tsuga

heterophylla (Craighead) ; in Picea (Felt) ; in Pinus strobus

(Swaine).

A. carhonata Lee., 1860; ‘Wash. Terr.” (Swaine and Hopping) ;

probably Oregon; Populus trichocarpus (Sw. & Hopping).

A chrysocoma Kby., 1837; Whitman Nat’l. Forest, and Klamath

Falls, and Melhorn’s Hill, near Halfway, Baker County, Oregon

(Chamberlin); Crater Lake Nat’l Park (Lovett); Wallowa Lake

at 4500-5500 ft., and Aneroid Lake at 7500 ft., and Anthony Lake

at 7100 ft. (Scullen) ; Corvallis, Oregon (H. Richmond) ; in Pinus

flexilis, P. ponderosa (Craighead) ; in Pinus contorta, and Alder

(Chamberlin); from Waldport, Oregon (Don Mote).

A convexa Lee., 1850; Cascade Mts., Marion County, Oregon;

and Sub-Alpine regions, Mt. Jefferson, Oregon (Bridwell) ; Three

Sisters at 6500 ft.; and Wallowa Lake, Oregon at 6400 ft. (Scul-

len) ; Crater Lake Nat’l. Park (Lovett) ; Hood River, Oregon

(Childs).

A. crassicornis Lee., 1875; Blue Mts., Oregon (Swaine & Hop-

ping).

128

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XII, NO. 3

A. crassip£s Lee., 1857; California (Craighead); Baker; and

Blue Mts.; and Gold Beach, Oregon (McGinnis); Gold Hill; and

Austin; and Anthony Lake Road, Baker County, Oregon (Scullen) ;

Newport (Dimick) ; Mary’s Peak, Oregon (Lovett) ; Sumpter, Ore-

gon (H. F. Wilson); Hood River, Oregon (Childs); in Pinns

(Craighead) ; Laurel, Pinns ponder osa, Sequoia sempervirens,

“more generally in broad-leaf trees,” (Chamberlin).

A. dehiscens Lee., 1859; Corvallis, and Three Sisters, Oregon

(Scullen); in Pinus ponderosa (Chamberlin).

A. dolorosa Lec., 1861; Rainier; and Detroit; and Pamelia Lake,

Mt. Jefferson; and Kings Valley, Oregon (Bridwell) ; Gold Beach,

Oregon (McGinnis); in Pseudotsuga taxi folia (Chamberlin).

A grossa Lec., 1874; California (Swaine and Hopping); Ore-

gon (Chamberlin); m Pinns ponderosa (Chamberlin).

A. vmpwra Lee., 1857; sapwood of dead Sequoia sempervirens

in California; in Lihocedrus decurrens (Chamberlin).

A. insignis Fall, 1907; in Pinus and Pseudotsuga (Chamber-

lin) ; “Doubtful if in Oregon, probably confused with A. valida

Lee.,” (Van Dyke) ; “Easily distinguished by its rounded elytral

apices,” (from A. valida) “Apparently very local in dis-

tribution,” (recorded from Monterey, California) by (Swaine and

Hopping) .

A. instahilis Hald., 1847; Pinus ponderosa (Hopping); Pinus

(Van Dyke).

A. knulli Sw. & Hopping 1928; “Wash. Terr.” (Swaine and

Hopping) ; probably occurs in Oregon also.

A. laeta Lee., 1857; Alpine; and Roseburg, Oregon (Scullen);

Sauvies Island, Oregon (Farrell) ; Corvallis, Oregon (Chamber-

lin, Wilbur) ; Newberg, Oregon (Fendall) ; in Quercus (Downes) ;

“Live and other oaks,” (Essig).

A. laetifica Lee., 1859 Corvallis; and Sexton Mt., Josephine

County, Oregon (Scullen); upper Alsea River; and Corvallis, Ore.

(Bridwell); Sparta; and Baker County, Oregon; and Klamath

County, Oregon (Chamberlin) ; in Pinus (Van Dyke) ; in P.

ponderosa and P. contorta (Chamberlin).

A. matthewsii Lee., 1869; “Dead sapwood of Redwood, Cedar,

and similar conifers” (Essig).

A. nigrella Say 1825; Joseph, Oregon (Burke); Mt. Jefferson,

Oregon (Lovett) ; Grant County, Oregon (Chamberlin) ; in Pinus

contorta, Larix occidentalis (Chamberlin) ; P. contorta, Picea,

Pseudotsuga ( Craighead ) .

A. nigrolineata Bland., 1865, Santiam Nat’l. Forest, Oregon

(Chamberlin); Hood River, Oregon (Childs).

A. proxima Say 1823; Corvallis, and Wickham, Oregon (Laura

Hill; Nellie Naill).

JULY, 1936]

CANOVA— OREGON LEPTURINI

129

A. sanguinea Lee.; Pamelia Lake, Mt. Jefferson, Oregon at

3000 ft.; and Cascade Mts., Marion County, Oregon (Bridwell) ;

Grant County, Oregon (Chamberlin) ; in Finns ponder osa (Hop-

ping).

A sexmaculata Lnn., 1758; Cascade Mts., Marion County, Ore-

gon (Bridwell); in Pseudotsuga taxi folia, Abies (Chamberlin).

A. tibialis Lee., 1850; Mt. Jefferson, Oregon (Lovett) ; Sumpter,

Oregon ( Wilson); Pamelia Lake, Oregon (Bridwell); Grant

County, Oregon (Chamberlin) ; in Larix occidentalis, Picea engel-

mani, Umbelli ferae (Chamberlin).

A tribalteata Lee., 1874; Hope Mts., British Columbia, Cali-

fornia; Nevada; Idaho (Swaine and Hopping); Oregon Mt., Jose-

phine County, Oregon (Scullen).

A valida Lee., 1857; Santiam Nat’l. Forest, Oregon (Cham-

berlin) ; Pamelia Lake, Mt. Jefferson, Oregon (Bridwell) ; Douglas

County, Oregon; in Pinus ponderosa, Tsuga mertensiana, Abies

(Craighead) ; Pseudotsuga taxifolia and Pinus (Van Dyke) ; Tsuga

mertensiana (Chamberlin).

A. vexatrix Mann., 1853; Corvallis; Upper Alsea River; Mill

Creek Moraine; Mt. Jefferson; base of Mary’^s Peak; Oregon

(Schwarz, J. C. Bridwell, and others); Brookings, Oregon (Scul-

len) ; Rock Creek Valley, Benton County, Oregon (Bridwell) ;

“Probably Coni/eme-feeding,” (Van Dyke).

Genus Anthophilax Lee., 1850

A. mirificus Bland., 1865; Oregon (Leng).

A nigrolineatus Van D., 1917; Oregon (Leng).

Genus Centrodera Lee., 1850

C. nevadica Lee.; Nevada, California, Southern California;

(Swaine and Hopping); “From Northern California, so probably

in Southern Oregon,” (Van Dyke) ; in Pinus ponderosa (Van

Dyke).

C. oculata Csy.; California (Leng; Craighead; Swaine & Hop-

ping) ; probably occurs in Oregon.

C. spurca (Lee.); Junction City, Oregon (Ethel Harpole);

Corvallis, Oregon (Sprague; Schwarz; Brown; Woods; Chamber-

lin) ; Alsea, Ore. (Rosendorf) ; Minam Nat’l. Forest, Oregon — 20

miles northwest of Bly, Oregon (Johnson) ; Pseudotsuga taxi-

folia (Essig; Chamberlin).

Genus Evodinus Lee., 1850

E. monticola (Rand.) 1838; Mary’s Peak, Oregon (Moznette);

Pamelia Lake at 3000 ft. and Mt. Jefferson, Oregon (Bridwell) ;

in Abies (Van Dyke).

E. vancouveri Csy., 1913; Probably occurs in Oregon (Leng).

130

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XII, NO. 3

Genus Gaurotes Lee., 1850

G. cressoni Bland., 1864; Colorado, Nevada, Northern Califor-

nia (Leng) ; Corvallis, Oregon (Scullen; Mallett) ; Ontario, Ore-

gon (Mallett) ; in Abies, Pseudotsuga taxifolia (Van Dyke).

G. lecontei Csy., 1913; Oregon (Leng).

Genus Grammoptera Serville, 1835

G. filicornis Csy., 1913; Colorado, New Mexico, British Co-

lumbia, Washington (Swaine & Hopping) ; Hood River, Oregon,

and Corvallis, Oregon (Moznette; Wilson); “Adults on wild

geranium and rose,” (Swaine & Hopping); “Probably breeds in

Coniferae,” (Van Dyke).

G. molyhdica Lee., 1850; Oakridge, Oregon (Chamberlin);

“Adults on blossoms of Ceanothus divaricatus,** (Swaine and Hop-

ping).

G. rhodopus Lee., 1874; “Cala.” (Swaine & Hopping); prob-

ably occurs in Oregon; “Probably breeds in Coniferae,” (Van

Dyke).

G. sp. ?; (in Chamberlin collection); Crater Lake Nat’l. Park,

Oregon at 6600 ft. (F. Lyle Wynd).

G. subargentata Kby., 1837; Steens Mts., Harney County, Ore-

gon (Chamberlin); Corvallis, Oregon (Moznette); in Querens

densi flora and other oaks (Essig) ; “Probably breeds in Coniferae

(Van Dyke).

(^nus LEPTACMiEOPS Csy., 1913

L. alticola Csy., 1913; Oregon (Leng).

L. longicornis Kby.; Buck Mt., Oregon; and Corvallis, Oregon

(in Oregon State College collection) ; Steens Mts., Harney County,

Oregon; and near Crane, Oregon (Chamberlin).

L. lupina (Lee.) 1860; Oregon (Leng).

L. militaris (Lee.) 1850; Oregon (Leng).

Genus Leptalia Lee., 1873

L. fuscicollis (Lee.) 1857; California, Vancouver (Leng); prob-

ably occurs in Oregon.

L. macilenta (Mann.) 1853; McKenzie Bridge, Oregon (Cham-

berlin) ; from branch of Oregon Alder (Chamberlin).

Genus Leptura Linn., 1758

L. anthracina Lee., 1875; Oregon, Nevada, California (Swaine

and Hopping); “Probably breeds in Coniferae” (Van Dyke).

L. obliterata Hald., 1847; Cascadia, Oregon (Scullen); Mt.

Jefferson, Oregon (Chamberlin; Bridwell) ; Newport, Oregon

(Dimick) ; Mary’s Peak, Oregon (Mote; Lovett); Santiam Nat’l.

Forest, Oregon (Chamberlin); Blue Mts.; and near Halfway,

Baker County, Oregon (Centner; Chamberlin); Rickreall (Allen);

JULY, 1936]

CANOVA— OREGON LEPTURINI

131

in Abies nobilis (Chamberlin) ; Abies, Picea engelmanni, Tsuga

mertensiana, Pseudotsuga taxi folia (Craighead) ; Pinus ponder osa

(Hopping); Pirnis murrayana (Craighead); sapwood of Sequoia

sempervirens, Pseudotsuga taxi folia, and other conifers (Essig).

L. plagifera Lee., 1875; Grant County; and near LaGrande;

and Klamath County; and Sumpter, Oregon (Chamberlin); in

Pinus contorta (Chamberlin); Pinus ponder osa (Craighead; Hop-

ping).

L. propinqua Bland., 1865; Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, Cali-

fornia, Washington, Oregon, British Columbia, Nevada, Arizona,

Idaho (Leng) ; “Sierra Nevada and Rocky Mountain species,”

(Swaine & Hopping) ; McKenzie Bridge; & Blue Mts. at 7100-7850

ft.; & Cascadia; & Mt. Hood at 6000 ft.; & Mary’s Peak, Oregon

(Scullen) ; Sparta, & near Halfway, Baker County, Oregon (Cham-

berlin) ; Mt. Jefferson, Oregon (Lovett) ; Sumpter, Oregon (Wil-

son) ; in Picea engelmanni (Craighead); Pinus monticola and

P. contorta (Herbert); Abies (Van Dyke).

Genus Ophistqmis (Lee.)

O. delicata (Lee.); Sexton Mt., Josephine County, Oregon; and

Grave Creek, Josephine County, Oregon (Scullen).

Genus Pachyta Dej., 1821

P. armata Lec., 1873; Three Sisters, Oregon (Scullen); Cas-

cade Mts., Marion County, Oregon, at 6000-8000 ft.; & Pamelia

Lake, Mt. Jefferson, Oregon, at 3000 ft. (Bridwell) ; Santiam Nat’l.

Forest, Oregon (Chamberlin); Mt. Jefferson; & Anna Creek,

Klamath County, Oregon (Lovett); Crater Lake, Oregon (Van

Dyke); in Tsuga mertensiana (Chamberlin).

P. liturata Kby., 1837; Melhorn’s Mill, near Halfway, Baker

County, Oregon (Chamberlin) ; in dead firs and Pseudotsuga taxi-

folia (at high altitudes — Essig); Abies grandis (Chamberlin).

Genus PiDONiA Muls., 1863

P. gnathoides Lee., 1874; Corvallis, Oregon (Wilson); “Un-

doubtedly breeds in conifers,” (Van Dyke).

P. scripta Lee., 1869; Corvallis, Oregon (Laura Hill; Brid-

well); Mary’s Peak, Oregon (Chamberlin); Summit, Benton

County, Oregon (Scullen) ; in Pseudotsuga taxi folia (Chamberlin).

Genus Piodes Lee., 1850

P. coriacea Lee., 1850; Oregon (Leng).

Genus Stenocorus Geoffrey, 1762

S. lineatum Olivier; Whitman Nat’l. Forest; & Mary’s Peak,

Oregon (Moznette) ; Santiam Nat’l. Forest; & Grant County, Ore-

132

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yOL. XII, NO. 3

gon (Chamberlin); Corvallis, Oregon (Childs; Reynolds); in

Pinus ponderosa, P. Jeffreyi, P. radiata, P. sabiniana, and “Works

under bark of all dead conifers except the Cupresinae,” (Cham-

berlin) .

Genus Toxotus Dej., 1821

T. brevicollis Csy.; Steens Mts., Oregon (Chamberlin); Cor-

vallis, and Woodburn, Oregon (Moznette).

T. flavolineatus Lee., 1854; Vancouver; California (Leng) ;

probably in Oregon also.

T. oregonensis Csy., 1913; Oregon (Leng).

T. vestitiis Hald., 1847; Corvallis, Oregon (Totten; Bridwell) ;

LaGrande, Oregon (Reynolds) ; Woodburn, Oregon (Moznette) ;

Valley, Alsea Mt., Benton County, Oregon (Bridwell) ; also speci-

mens from Hillsboro, Silver Cr., and Rock Cr., Oregon; (in Oregon

State College collection) .

T. virgatus Lee., 1874; Oregon (Leng).

Genus Typocerus Lee., 1850

T. balteatus Horn, 1878; “Northwest Territories.” (Sw. & Hop-

ping) ; probably in Oregon.

Genus Xylosteus Frivoldszky, 1838

X. ornatus Lee.; “Found in Lassen County, California, close

to Oregon border,” (Van Dyke) ; probably occurs in Oregon also;

host probably Abies (Van Dyke).

Bibliography

Bradley, J. C.; 1930; “A Manual of the Genera of Beetles of

America North of Mexico.”

Craighead, F. C.; 1932; Can. Depart. Ag. Bui. No. 27, n. ser.,

Tech., “North American Cerambycid Larvae.”

Essig, E. O.; 1926; “Ins. Wn. N. Amer.”, pp. 448-462.

Garnet, R. T.; 1918; Can. Ent.; L; 172, 205, 248, 281; “Annot.

List Cerambycidae of California.”

Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., XX'V ; 38; (Keys, etc.), “Synopsis of

Anthophilax of N. Amer.”

Leconte, J. L.; 1858; “Pacific Coast RR. Survey — Insects —

Coleoptera.” No. 1; p. 23.

Leconte, J. L. and Horn, G. H.; 1883; “Class. Coleop. N. Amer.”;

Smith. Misc. Coll. 507; pp. 312-313.

Leng, Chas. W.; 1920; “Cat. Coleop. Amer. N. Mex.”

Leng, Chas. W.; 1927; “Supp. to Cat. Coleop. Amer. N. Mex.”

Swaine and Hopping; 1928; “Lepturini of Amer. N. of Mex.”

JULY, 1936]

COCKERELL^CALIFORNIA BEES

133

BEES FROM NORTHERN CALIFORNIA

BY T. D. A. COCKERELL

That part of California which lies north of San Francisco and

west of the Sacramento Valley is a region of extraordinary inter-

est for the biologist, containing a fauna and flora which is in

many ways unique and suggestive of vast antiquity. In particu-

lar, it is the home of the redwood, which formerly was widespread

over the Northern Hemisphere, but now makes its last stand in

California. My wife and I visited this region April, 1935, in com-

pany with Mr. Edward P. Van Duzee, to whom we are more

indebted than we can well express. We obtained a rather large

collection of bees, many of them new to science. The flowers

visited were noted in most cases, and for the identification of the

plants, we are indebted to Miss Alice Eastwood.

The present paper represents a first contribution to the knowl-

edge of the bee fauna of tjhis region. The bees of Oregon and

Washington on the one hand, and of California south of San

Francisco Bay on the other, have been rather extensively though

still very incompletely investigated. Those of the coast region

of northern California have been neglected, except for a certain

number of records scattered through the literature, perhaps fairly

numerous should they be assembled. In the present contribution

some records are given of specimens collected years ago, now in

the collection of the California Academy. All the holotypes of the

species now described will be placed in the Academy. It is hoped

that in course of time this bee fauna will become sufiiciently well

known to justify a summary and critical discussion. Indeed, the

whole biota of the redwood country and adjacent regions should

be dealt with in a similar manner, and should eventually form

the subject of an extremely interesting book.

Many of the bees not listed here have been studied by Mr.

Chas. Michener, who will report upon them.

Megachilidje

Raphidostoma Cockerell, gen. nov. (Osmiinae)

Small bees somewhat related to Chelostoma Latr., but easily

distinguished by the characters of the labial palpi, the antennae,

and the abdomen.

134

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yOL. XII, NO. 3

Male. Maxillary palpi three-jointed, the basal joint small and

short; labial palpi very long, the first two joints very broad, with a

minutely reticulate surface, the second joint about twice as long as

the first; two slender apical joints, the last a little longer than the

penultimate, both directed sideways from the end of the second

joint. (In Chelostoma florisomne L., there seems to be only one

small apical joint, but there are really two, only the penultimate

one is in a line with the second joint) ; tongue long" and slender, a

little exceeding the labial palpi; mandibles bidentate; malar space

linear; clypeus simple, covered with a dense beard; antennae very

long and slender, the flagellum quite simple; mesothorax and scu-

tellum finely and closely punctured; area of metathorax short;

stigma of moderate size (about as in Chelostoma minutum Craw-

ford) ; basal nervure meeting nervulus; second cubital cell not very

long (very long in C. florisomne), receiving the first recurrent

nervure at a distance from base about equal to half intercubitus,

and the second nearer apex; marginal cell long, obtuse at end;

legs slender, simple; claws cleft, pulvilli distinct; abdomen strongly

convex, oval, first tergite broadly cup-shaped, with a short petiole,

the basal portion bounded by a slender rim; apical tergites turned

downward, the apex broadly rounded and simple; venter flattened,

without any tooth or process, but with much white hair. Type R.

ceanothi sp. n.

Raphidostoma ceanothi Cockerell, sp. n.

Male. Length about 5.5 mm.; black, the head large, globose,

with prominent eyes ; face with very long white hair, that on front

and vertex flavescent; cheeks broadly rounded, with thin white

hair; vertex finely punctured; ocelli rather large; mesothorax

finely and densely punctured, only moderately shining, scutellum

similarly punctured; area of metathorax dull, with a shining rim;

wings greyish hyaline (not reddish as in Chelostoma minutum),

nervures brown, stigma dark reddish; legs black, with scanty white

hair; thorax dorsally with very long erect yellowish hairs, only

noticeable in certain lights; abdomen shining, finely punctured,

without bands, the tergites with very short thin hair, the venter

with abundant long white hair.

Underwood’s Cabins, Redwood Highway, at Ceanothus cunea-

tus (Hooker). This is the type, but a second specimen was ob-

tained by H. H. Keifer at Mill Valley, Marin Co., March 15, 1925.

There is also one from Yorkville, Mendocino Co., May 1, 1924

(E. P. Van Duzee.)

JULY, 1936]

COCKERELL— CALIFORNIA BEES

135

OSMIA LIGNARIA Say.

Meyer’s auto camp, five at Lupinus arbor eus Sims, variety;

Perrott Grove, west boundary, one at Riibus. Also one at Chico,

April 13. All females.

Andrenid^

Andrena ablusula Cockerell, sp. n.

Female. Length 8.5“9.5 mm., anterior wing 8; rather slender,

head and thorax appearing black, but sides of face evidently or

obscurely green, mesothorax and scutellum with a faint greenish

tint, the almost yellowish-green scutellum contrasting with the

blue-black metathorax ; mandibles, antennae and tegulae black, or

the tegulae with a brownish mark; legs black; abdomen dark olive

green, the margins of the tergites very narrowly whitish. Hair

of head and thorax long and erect, pale and dull, slightly flavescent,

light red on mesothorax and scutellum; legs with pale hair, reddish

on inner side of tarsi, black below hind knees ; tergites 2 to 4 with

very thin, weak, but evident, white hair-bands, broadly interrupted

in middle; hair at apex of abdomen soot-color. Process of labrum

rather narrowly truncate; third antennal joint slender, about as

long as next two combined; facial quadrangle much broader than

long; facial foveas black (the outer part pale reddish, seen from

above), not broad, about a third as broad as distance between eyes

and antennae, ending below at about level of antennae, separated

from orbits only by a line; clypeus sparsely but distinctly punc-

tured, appearing dull seen from in front, but seen from below the

lower half is polished, and there is a polished line along upper

edge; mesothorax dull, with weak widely separated punctures;

scutellum a little shining anteriorly; area of metathorax dull and

granular; wings long, dusky hyaline, distinctly darker at apex;

stigma large, uniform dark red; nervures rather light ^brown;

basal nervure meeting nervulus; second cubital cell receiving re-

current nervure well beyond middle; first intercubitus not near

stigma; hind tibiae long and slender; hind basitarsi longer than

the other joints together; tibial scopa long and loose, the hairs

simple, but hairs on hind margin of tibia more or less branched;

spurs almost colorless; abdomen shining, without distinct punc-

tures, bases of tergites 2 to 4 dull; second tergite depressed fully

a third; venter polished, greenish, the stemites with more or less

evident depressions or pits.

Underwoods (type locality), at Ceanothus cuneatus (Hooker),*

1 female (Cockerell) ; Garberville, Humboldt Co., April 19, at

Cercocarpus betuloides Nuttall, 2 females (Cockerell). In

Viereck’s table of northwestern species, it runs out next to A.

136

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[vOL. XII, NO. 3

pi peri Viereck, which is smaller, and quite different. In other

tables it goes near A. subtrita Ckll. and A. coloradino Vier. &

Ckll., but it is not much like either. It differs from A. Candida

Sm., by the black metathorax, green abdomen, and feeble bands.

In Perkins’ table (1919) it runs to 17, and agrees in having

the first tergite rugulose (actually minutely tessellate) between

the punctures, and the abdominal bands formed only on the

hind margins of the apical depressions of tergites. This places

it in the vicinity of A. ovatula Kirby, A. wilkella Kirby and A.

similis Smith (subgenus Tceniandrena of Hedicke), but it differs

by the metallic color, and is less robust, being shaped about as in

the males of this group.

Andrena angustella Cockerell, sp. n.

Male. Length about 8 mm., anterior wing slightly over 7 ; black,

with narrow fusiform abdomen, regularly and conspicuously nar-

rowed basally; clypeus with a very large, polished, pale yellow

patch, leaving the lateral and upper margins broadly black, the

yellow also slightly notched on each side, and deeply and broadly

notched above in middle; hair of head and thorax erect, very long,

dorsally pale red (some black hairs about ocelli), pale red also on

face, but black at extreme sides, dull white on cheeks and lower

part of pleura; head extremely broad; malar space very small;

cheeks shining, greatly broadened, writh a prominent but obtuse

angle above on level of middle of eye; mandibles with no basal

tooth, but bidentate; process of labrum bidentate; front dull, with

a shining bandi next to orbits; cheeks at top highly polished, ab-

ruptly contrasting with the entirely dull vertex, which is broad and

flat; antennae entirely black, flagellum very long, shining; third

antennal joint dull black, about as long as fourth; thorax small;

mesothorax entirely dull, with a shining median line; scutellum

large, with two slightly shining swellings in front; postscutellum

with a little pit in middle of upper border ; area of metathorax en-

tirely dull, without evident sculpture; tegulae black; wings faintly

dusky; stigma large, clear pale amber; nervures pale; basal nerv-

ure meeting nervulus; second cubital cell conspicuously narrowed

above, receiving recurrent nervure about middle; first intercubitus

not near to stigma; legs slender and bladk, with pale hair (creamy

white on inner side of tarsi), last tarsal joint pale red; spurs

white; abdomen with first tergite dull, hardly shining (microscop-

ically striate and tessellate, with scattered very long hairs) ; sec-

ond rather more shining, very feebly depressed about one-fourth;

remaining tergites polished; tergites 2 to 5 with thin, weak,

slightly fulvescent hair-bands, hair at apex pale fulvescent; apical

JULY, 1936]

COCKBRELL^CALIFORNIA BEES

137

plate (eighth sternite) very broadly truncate, slightly emarginate,

in the style of A. wheeleri Graenicher.

Underwoods (Redwood Highway) at Fragaria, latter half of

April, 1 male (Cockerell).

Variety a. Hair of head and thorax above white; light hair

of face white or yellowish white; clypeal mark only feebly

notched in middle above; the slender abdominal bands white;

Garberville, April 19, at Cercocarpiis hetidoides Nuttall, 1 male

(Cockerell) ; eight miles north of Ukiah, April 21, at Ranunculus

occidentalis Nuttall, 1 male (Cockerell) . The clypeal mark re-

calls that A. hradleyi Viereck and A. saccharina Ckll. & Rohwer,

but these have the malar space large. There is some resemblance

to the Californian A. macrocephala Ckll., which has a broader,

though fusiform, abdomen. The position of the tubercle of labrum

suggests A. marginata (Fabricius).

Andrena anisochlora Cockerell, sp. n.

Female. Length about 9 mm., anterior wing 7; head (with

mandibles and antennae), thorax and legs black, abdomen broad

and shining, obscure dark green, the depressed portions of the

tergites black, with a linear pallid margin; third antennal joint

longer than next two together on upper side, but not on lower;

face very broad (width about 2 mm. ) ; hair of head long and black,

except yellowish white on occiput; process of labrum truncate;

malar space evident but very short; facial fovese black, narrow,

separated from eye by a shining line, ending below at about level

of antennae; clypeus entirely dull, the surface microscopically

transversely striate; thorax with long dull whitish hair, faintly

creamy dorsally, but with no black; mesothorax dull, scutellum a

little shining anteriorly; area of metathorax dull, the whole meta-

thorax with long erect hair; mesopleura strongly convex, but

rounded, not submarginate, below; tegulae small, very dark brown;

wings hyaline, faintly dusky; stigma red, rather narrow; nervures

dark brown; basal nervure falling short of nervulus; second cubital

cell nearly square, receiving recurrent nervure a little beyond

middle; first intercubitus not near to stigma; legs with pale hair;

hind tibial scopa large and compact, the hairs simple but with a

granular appearance, on under side straight; hind basitarsi broad;

first tergite polished on disc, but microscopically tessellate, without

a differentiated apical depression; second tergite depressed less

than a third ; no hair-bands ; hair at apex pale sooty.

Mark West Springs, April 23, 1 female (W. P. Cockerell). On

the hind legs, and sides of metathorax, it carries a large amount

of pale pink pollen. The flower visited was Montia gypsophil-

138

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL, XII, NO. 3

oides (Fischer & Meyer). By the structure of the thorax, this has

some affinity with the subgenus Goiiandrena. It possibly has a

light clypeus in the male, in the manner of A. unicula Ckll. The

black hair on face suggests A. nigroccBrulea Ckll., but that has

black hair on pleura and is otherwise different. A.amplificata Ckll.

is rather similar, but A. anisochlora is smaller and quite different

by the dull clypeus. There are several points of resemblance to

the European A. lapponica Zett., noticeably the covering of erect

hairs on metathorax. It should therefore fall in strictly typical

Andrena (subg. Hoplandrena Perez)

Andrena auricoma Smith

Yorkville, Mendocino Co., May 17, 1928. 1 female (Van

Duzee)

Andrena Candida Smith

Kearney Mesa, near San Diego, at flowers of Phacelia purryi

Torrey, 3 females, March 17, 1935 (W. P. Cockerell, B. A. Hen-

derson) ; Garberville, Humboldt Co., April 19, at Cercocarpus

hetuloides Nuttall, 1 female (Cockerell).

It is extraordinary that this species should visit such different

flowers, in such totally diverse environments. A female was

also taken at Chico, April 13, (Cockerell).

Andrena carliniformis Viereck & Cockerell

Inverness, May 21, 1910, 1 female (E. C. Van Dyke). It

differs from the type by having no white hair in middle of meta-

thorax, and outer intercubitus without a distinct double curve;

it thus approaches A. perimelas Ckll., which may not be a distinct

species.

Andrena ceanothina Cockerell, sp. n.

Female. Length about 10 mm., anterior wing 7.7 mm., black,

including antennae, mandibles, legs and tegulae; third antennal joint

about as long as next two together on lower side ; process of labrum

broadly truncate, with a pit or depression in the middle, facial

foveae very broad, black, ending obtusely below at about level of

antennae ; face broader than long, but not excessively broad ; clypeus

convex, polished, with very strong but well separated punctures;

vertex dull; hair of head long, pale fulvous, a little brown behind

JULY, 1936]

COCKERELL— CALIFORNIA BEES

139

ocelli; hair of thorax above long, deep fox-red, on pleura and

metathorax dull whitish; mesothorax dull, scutellum shining an-

teriorly, without bosses; area of metathorax entirely dull and

without evident sculpture; wings hyaline, a little dusky, the outer

margins darker; stigma and nervures dilute sepia, the stigma with

a dark margin; basal nervure meeting nervulus; second cubital cell

large and square, receiving recurrent nervure a little beyond

middle; legs with whitish hair, but black on the copious hind tibial

scopa behind, the hairs of scopa simple; hind basitarsi rather

broad; spurs brown; abdomen dullish, with extremely minute punc-

tures; second tergite depressed a little more than a third; tergites

2 to 4 with rather broad bands of yellowish white hair, that on

second weak in middle; hair of fifth tergite dark grey; venter

finely but distinctly punctured, not polished, the hair dull whitish.

Underwood’s Cabins, Redwood Highway, at Ceanothus cunea-

tus (Hooker), 1 female, last half of April (Cockerell). In ap-

pearance, this is so similar to A. lupini Ckll., that I had at first

considered it identical. Nevertheless, it is not a Pterandrena, and

is probably not very closely related. It may be compared with

the Rocky Mountain A. vierecki Ckll., which is smaller, with

facial foveae light brown, and the hind tibial scopa, while mainly

simple, showing plumose hairs posteriorly toward apex. There

is a strong resemblance to A. opaciventris Ckll., which has grey-

ish-brown facial foveae, and paler hair at end of abdomen. (In

A. opaciventris the fulvous hair bands are on tergites 2 to 4,

not 3 to 5, as stated) .

A male taken at the same time and place, but at Ceanothus

foliosus Parry, appears to belong to A. ceanothina, although the

abdomen lacks hair-bands, and the wings are clear hyaline, only

a little dusky at apex. It is about 9 mm. long, with very broad

face, the clypeus with a large beard of pale fulvescent hair, but

abundant long black hair at sides of face; cheeks rounded, quite

ordinary; flagellum very long, black; mesothorax with pale red-

dish hair, brighter red on scutellum; spurs very pale reddish;

first and second tergites dull; traces of bands at extreme sides of

second and third tergites; hair at apex of abdomen pale fulvous.

It is easily known from A. ribifloris Vier. & Ckll., and related

species, by the dull second tergite. A second male, agreeing with

the above, is from Mill Valley, Marin Co., Feb. 28, 1926 (Van

Duzee) .

140

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XII, NO. 3

Andrena cercocarpi Cockerell, sp. n.

Female. (Lengtli about 7.5 mm., anterior wing 5; hind tibial

scopa simple; third antennal joint about as long as next two

together. A small black species, flying with A« orthocarpi Ckll,

and exceedingly like it in most respects, but differing thus : flagel-

lum red beneath; mesopleura convex, ordinary; wings greyish;

stigma narrower, with a dark border; second cubital cell receiving

recurrent nervure well beyond middle; abdomen dull, hair-bands

creamy-white; depression of second tergite very short, less than

one-fifth; whole surface of tergites, under microscope, showing an

excessively minute but very sharply defined tessellation. The hair

on inner side of hind basitarsi is creamy white.

The dusky stigma, reddish facial foveae, and short depression

of second tergite readily separate it from A. nasonii Rob.

Garberville, April 19, at Cercocarpus betuloides, 1 female

(Cockerell) .

Andrena complexa Viereck

Mark West Springs, April 23, at Ranunculus, 6 females. They

agree with one from Corvallis, Oregon, April 22, determined by

Viereck. This is a topotype.

The following notes were made at the Citrus Experiment Sta-

tion at Riverside:

Andrena cserulea acrypta Viereck, female, head and thorax with

much erect long dull white hair; flagellum dusky reddish beneath;

mesothorax dull; stigma large, light reddish with dark margin;

basal nervure meeting nervulus or barely short of it; second

cubital cell very broad, with parallel sides, receiving recurrent

nervure before middle; middle basitarsi very broad; head and

thorax blue, abdomen olive green; second tergite in middle de-

pressed rather over a third; abdomen shining, very finely punc-

tured, hair at apex dark brown. Timberlake notes that it has a

plumose scopa.

This is from a cotype. Compared with A. complexa in the

collection (det. Viereck, but not cotype), I thought it was the

same species. Viereck (in litt.) long ago stated that A. acrypta

and A. erigenoides were identical with A. ccerulea Smith, although

in his table the latter was said to have the abdomen black. I have

a female labelled A. erigenoides, I believe determined by Viereck,

fromi Victoria, B. C., May 27, 1916 (R. C. Treherne), and it has

JULY, 1936]

COCKERELL.-CALIFORNIA BEES

141

the abdomen olive green. It is exceedingly like A. complexa, but

can be distinguished by the abundant black hair on upper half of

pleura.

The following notes on a female (det. Timberlake) labelled

A. ccerulea complexa were also made at the Citrus Experiment

Station. The specimen is from Berkeley, California. Dark green;

stigma dusky reddish with dark margin, second cubital cell re-

ceiving recurrent nervure about middle; facial foveae black, rather

narrow, well separated from eye; clypeus black, entirely dull;

mesothorax and scutellum dull, scutellum a little shining anter-

iorly. There was also a male; tergites subfasciate at sides, and

much black hair at sides of face.

Whether this series represents a single variable species (A.

ccerulea Smith), or a group of closely allied species, cannot at

present be determined.

Andrena supervirens Cockerell, 1924, is identical with A.

complexa.

Since writing: the above, I have received a Ions series of female

A. complexa from the California Academy, with the following

data:

Mark West Springs, April 23, at Ranunculus, seven (Van

Duzee) ; Yorkville, April 24 and May 17, six (Van Duzee)

Meyers, five miles north of Miranda, April 18 at Ranunculus, two

(Van Duzee) ; Point Reyes, March 22, one (H. H. Keifer) ; Muir

Woods, May 4, (Van Dyke) ; Yolanda, March (C. L. Fox) ; Fair-

fax, April 13 (Van Duzee) ; Ross, Marin Co., March 31 (Van

Duzee) ; Fort Baker, March 15, (C. L. Fox).

Andrena epileuca Cockerell

Garberville, at Cercocarpus hetuloides Nuttall, one male.

Andrena erect a Viereck

Meyer’s auto camp, at Lupinus arhoreus Sims, variety, 1 fe-

male. Agrees with a paratype from Victoria, B. C., June 10, 1923,

(K. F. Auden).

Andrena fulvihirta Viereck and Cockerell

Underwoods, at Ceanothus cuneatus (Hooker), April, one fe-

male. (Cockerell). This differs a little from the Colorado type

142

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yOL. XII, NO. 3

in that the basal nervure falls a little short of nervulus, and the

second cubital cell receives recurrent nervure very slightly be-

yond middle, but I cannot venture to separate it. The hair of

thorax above (especially the scutellum) is very bright red. It

is easily known from A. vierecki Ckll. by the polished abdomen.

It is close to A. physariw Ckll., but less robust, wings not dark-

ened at apex, nervures darker, abdominal hair-bands redder, and

clypeus more coarsely punctured, with a median ridge. The

facial foveaB appear pale reddish seen from above, but seen

from in front they look black, overlapped by spreading fulvous

hairs.

Andrena (Trachandrena) limarea Viereck

Near Prairie Creek, Humboldt Co., April 16, 1 male (Cock-

erell). Compared with a specimen from Washington State, the

hind basitarsi are shorter with white instead of fulvescent hair on

inner side.

Andrena (Pterandrena) lupini Cockerell, sp. n.

Female. Length about 11.5 mm., anterior wing nearly 9; black,

including mandibles, legs and antennae, tegulae very faintly brown-

ish ; eyes pure black ; face and top of head with long fulvous hair,

on cheeks paler, the long hairs overlapping ocelli sometimes dark;

third antennal joint about as long as next three together; malar

space very short; process of labrum forming a low triangle, with

a nipple-like summit; face exceedingly broad ( over 2 mm. between

orbits), the facial foveae black, very broad, separated only by a

line from orbits, ending very obtusely a little below level of

antennae; clypeus broad, convex, shining, with thinly scattered

weak punctures, and no median ridge; mesothorax and scutellum

covered with long fox-red hair, the surface dull, the scutellum with

a pair of somewhat shining prominences; area of metathorax

entirely dull, without evident sculpture; hair of pleura and meta-

thorax pale, slightly flavescent; wings dusky; stigma long, pale

dull red, nervures dark brown; basal nervure meeting nervulus;

second cubital cell large, receiving recurrent nervure distinctly be-

yond middle; legs with pale hair, light red on inner side of tarsi,

middle femora with a brush of stiff red hair beneath, hind tibial

scop a strongly plumose; hind basitarsi long and slender; spurs

very pale flavescent; abdomen shining but not polished, covered

with extremely minute punctures, second tergite depressed less

than a third; tergites 2 to 4 with entire, not very broad, bands

JULY, 1936]

COCKERELL— CALIFORNIA BEES

143

of appressed fulvescent hair; fringe of fifth tergite pale brownish

grey (dilute chocolate); venter polished, with thin white ( slightly

yellowish) hair-bands.

Meyer’s auto camp, Humboldt Co., at Lupinus arboreus Sims,

variety, 3 females, last half of April, 1935 (Cockerell). Super-

ficially very like A. ceanothina CklL, but at once separated by

the weak sculpture of the clypeus. In my key to species with red

hair on scutellum, it runs near A. proTiitens Ckll., which is much

smaller, with a highly polished clypeus, and white hair at end of

abdomen.

Andrena manitouensis (Viereck and Cockerell)

Meyer’s auto camp, Humboldt Co., at Salix, one male. This

species was described (1914) from Colorado, as a subspecies of A.

washingtoni Cockerell. It was originally found on Ribes, but I

do not at present know how to separate the Californian insect.

The head seen from in front is very like that of A. monogonoparia

Viereck, from Nevada, but that species has different wings, no

red hair on thorax, and dull second tergite. At Underwoods, at

Ceanothus cuneatus, I took a smaller male which I had at first

separated as distinct but it seems to have no specific characters.

This specimen, compared with a Colorado A. hisalicis Viereck,

differs by the more dusky wings, with darker stigma, dark tegulae,

and hind margins of tergites not pale. Compared with A. fer-

naldiella Vier. & C^kll. it differs by the long white beard on cly-

peus, the stouter, black flagellum, dark marginal stigma and

larger abdomen.

Andrena micranthophila Cockerell

Ross, Marin Co., April 28, 1918, 1 female (Van Duzee).

Andrena (Micrandrena) microchlora subalia

Cockerell, subsp. n.

Female. Length about 6.5 mm., anterior wing 5; head and

thorax dark olive green, the clypeus black with a rosy tint at upper

end, the metathorax very dark bluish green ; head broad, the facial

quadrangle conspicuously broader than long; mandibles and an-

tennse black; facial fovese narrow, their pubescence white, the

lower end narrow, at about lower level of antennal sockets; clypeus

dull, with scattered punctures, the surface finely transversely stri-

144

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[vOL. XII, NO. 3

ate (as seen under microscope) ; process of labrum large, truncate,

the sides abruptly descending; third antennal joint near as long as

next three combined, the fourth being very short, wider than long;

head and thorax with thin dull white hair; mesothorax and scu-

tellum somewhat shining but not polished; area of metathorax

dull and granular; tegulse almost black, with only a faint brown

tinge; wings hyaline, slightly dusky, stigma dusiky red, nervures

brown; basal nervure falling short of nervulus; second cubital

cell broad, receiving recurrent nervure about middle; first inter-

cubitus almost touching stigma; legs black, with white hair, only

faintly yellowish on inner side of tarsi; hind basitarsus rather

broad; tibial scopa short; abdomen olive green, shining; tergites

2 to 4 with narrow white hair-bands, interrupted on first two ; hair

at apex mostly pale, but more or less brownish or sooty in middle;

second tergite depressed about or nearly a third.

Near Lower Lake, at yellow umbellifer (type locality), 2 fe-

males (Cockerell) ; eight miles north of Ukiah, at Ceanothus

cuneatus, 4 females (W. P. Cockerell) ; Bums Valley, at Rhus, 1

female (W. P. Cockerell) ; Underwoods, at Ceanothus cuneatus,

1 female (Cockerell). All in last half of April. Nearest to A.

microchlora Ckll., from Colorado, hut the face is considerably

broader (though variable), and the margins of the tergites are

less evidently pallid. The resemblance is so close that I give the

Californian insect only subspecific rank. The male of A. micro-

chlora has the clypeus yellow, with two black dots.

Andrena (Micrandrena) nitidicomis Cockerell, sp. n.

Male. Length about 5.7 mm., anterior wing 4.4; head, thorax

and abdomen very dark green, mandibles, antennae, tegulae and

legs black; clypeus with a large transverse cream-colored patch,

shaped like an inverted tea-cup, with a transverse black bar on its

disc, leaving the upper and lateral margins of clypeus broadly

dark; facial quadrangle broader than long; anterior orbits with a

shining margin; clypeus shining, front dull; clypeus with a long

white beard, and long white hair on cheeks, but hair of head other-

wise black or blackish; third antennal joint about as long as

fourth; flagellum long, shining, moniliform; cheeks flattened, mod-

erately broad, not angular; hair of thorax long and white, dull

fulvescent on scutellum; mesothorax dull, moderately shining on

disc. Scutellum more shining; wings hyaline, faintly dusky; stigma

large, very dark brown, nearly black; nervures brown; basal ner-

vure falling far short of nervulus; second cubital cell large, re-

ceiving recurrent nervure a little before middle; first intercubitus

JULY, 1936]

COCKERELL— CALIFORNIA BEES

145

reaching: stignia; legs with pale hair, spurs brown; abdomen dull-

ish dark green, hind margins of tergites narrowly more or less

reddish; hair-bands rudimentary: apex with white hair.

Garberville, Humboldt Co., April 19, at Cercocarpus hetu-

loides, 1 male (Cockerell). Easily known from A. microchlora

Ckll. by the restricted clypeal mark, the dark stigma and the

position of the first recurrent nervure. Also the joints of the

flagellum are very much longer than in A. microchlora. It is

possible, but I think not probable, that this is the male of A.

chlorogaster Viereck, insufiSciently described from Oregon.

Andrena (Platandrena) nudiscopa Viereck

Meyer’s auto camp, Humboldt Co., at Salix, April, 1 female

(W. P. Cockerell) ; eight miles north of Ukiah, at Ceanothus

ciineatus (Hooker) April 21, 1 female (W. P. Cockerell). Com-

pared with a specimen of A. nudiscopa determined by Viereck,

from Fort Collins, Colo., June 12, 1900 (Gillette), the Califor-

nian specimens differ by the black flagellum and tegulae. The

species was described from Corvallis, Oregon, April, May and

June. Viereck (in litt.) stated that his A. angustitarsata was the

same species ; if this is the case, that name has a month’s priority.

A. angustitarsata came from Washington State, A. mustelicolor

huardi Viereck is very closely allied, but has the hind basitarsi

shorter and broader, and the broad facial foveae entirely white-

haired. Malloch remarks (in litt.) that various species have the

cuneate type of hind tibiae considered distinctive of Platandrena,

and cites as examples A. wheeleri Graen., A. fragariana Graen.

and A. ziziceformis Ckll., the last two pertaining to the group

Micrandrena Ashmead. A European species with this character

is A. dorsata Kirby, placed by Hedicke in the subgenus Siman-

drena Perez.

At the Citrus Experiment Station, I found A. angustitarsata

from Corvallis, determined by Timberlake. I noted: facial foveae

white, rather broad; clypeus very finely punctured, not ridged;

occiput with long white hair; scutellum with yellowish hair;

tegulae posteriorly red, and rather produced (approaching the

condition seen in A. harveyi Vier.) wings brownish hyaline;

second cubital cell narrowing above, receiving recurrent nervure

146

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[vOL. XII, NO. 3

before middle; stigma large and red; abdomen perfectly dull,

with interrupted white hair-bands.

Andrena (Platandrena) opacibasis Cockerell, sp. n.

Female. Length about 8.5 mm., anterior wing 6.6; black, with

entire pure white hair-bands on tergites 2 to 4; hair on fifth dark

sooty-brown; antennae and tegnlae black; facial foveae broad, white,

the upper part brown; process of labrum obtusely rounded; third

antennal joint about as long as next two together. The hair of

head and thorax is dull white, very faintly fulvescent dorsally, evi-

dently brown just behind ocelli; labrum highly polished; clypeus

entirely dull, excessively minutely punctured, with no smooth line

or ridge; front dull, with a shining median line; mesothorax dull,

but scutellum shining on disc, somewhat bigibbous; area of meta-

thorax entirely dull; sides of metathorax regularly fringed with

very long curved hairs; wings faintly brownish, stigma large and

red, nervures brown; basal nervure falling short of nervulus

(meeting in A. nudiscopa) ; second cubital cell moderately broad,

receiving recurrent nervure in middle; legs with mainly white hair,

pale reddish on inner side of tarsi and a pale red band on hind

tibiae posteriorly; spurs whitish; hind tibiae cuneate (but not ex-

cessively broad at end), much broader than the basitarsi; hair of

hind tibiae mostly simple, but dense and plumose posteriorly (in A.

nvMscopa the hairs on anterior face are long, curved at end, with

a few slender branches ) ; first tergite dull, with a short marginal

band of white hair at each side; the other tergites somewhat shin-

ing, but not at all polished, with only scattered, excessively minute,

piliferous punctures; second tergite in middle depressed about a

third; the pure white hair-bands are dense, and narrower than in

A. nudiscopa; venter shining, without much hair.

Near Lower Lake, April, at yellow umbelliferous flowers, 1

female (Cockerell.) The locality is north of San Francisco.

This species is so like A. nudiscopa Viereck, that I did not separ-

ate it at first. The most obvious characters are the narrow ad-

dominal bands, and the dark sooty hair at end of abdomen. The

hind tibia is distinctly less broadened at end. The dull first ter-

gite readily separates it from A. pallidiscopa Viereck and A.

solidaginis Rob. A. opacissima CklL, from Idaho, differs by the

very long hair of cheeks, broad second cubital cell receiving re-

current nervure before middle, and broader abdominal bands.

It visits Salix. I refer this species to Platandrena, because it is

obviously closely allied to the members of that group; but the

JULY, 1936]

COCKERELL^CALIFORNIA BEES

147

hind tibiae are hardly cuneate enough to fit the diagnosis. They

are about 560 microns wide at end, the basitarsi being 352 wide

near base.

Andrena opaciventris Cockerell

Meyers, 5 miles north of Miranda, Humboldt Co., April 18,

1935, at Vaccimum ovatum Pursh., 1 female (Van Duzee).

Andrena ( Platandrena) orthocarpi Cockerell, sp n.

Female, length about 7.5 mm., anterior wing 5; black, without

any green tint, the antennae, mandibles, tegulae and legs black; hair

of head and thorax dull white, not dense, very faintly fulvescent

on scutellum; meta thorax exposed in middle and base, on each

side, abruptly limited, a dense scopa of long curled white hairs,

used to carry pollen; facial quadrangle much broader than long;

process of labrum short and broad; third antennal joint about as

long as next two together ; clypeus and supraclypeal area dull and

rugulose, the microscope showing large piliferous punctures on

clypeus; facial foveae rather broad but very indistinct, brownish,

appearing black in some lights; mesothorax and scutellum dull, a

little shining but not polished on disc; scutellum slightly depressed

in middle; postscutellum large; base of metathorax entirely dull,

without evident sculpture; mesopleura shining, flattened, more or

less concave, its lower part with a very strong transverse ridge;

wings dusky hyaline, faintly reddish; stigma large, clear light red;

nervures pale; basal nervure meeting nervulus; second cubital cell

rather small or narrow, receiving recurrent nervure about middle;

first intercubitus not close to stigma; legs with pale hair, distinctly

red on inner side of tarsi; floccus on hind trochanters very well

developed; spurs very pale; hind tibiae very broad at end, twice

as broad as basitarsi; tibial scopa dull white, the hairs simple;

abdomen broad, shining, tergites 2- to 4 with well defined pure

white hair-bands, very broadly interrupted on second and narrowly

on third; hair at apex light grey; second tergite in middle de-

pressed rather more than a third, but the depression very weak,

third depressed about a third; margins of tergites very narrowly

pallid; surface of abdomen, as seen under microscope, with a very

minute weak reticulation.

Garberville, Humboldt Co., April 19, 4 females (Cockerell).

The type and one other at Orthocarpus faucibarhatus Cray.*, one

at Cercocarpus hetuloides, one at Blennosperma californicum

*Jepson says of this : “Corolla sulphur yellow or pinkish white or white.”

The plants at Garberville had the lip bright yellow, or the whole flower white,

or all the corolla yellow. No doubt these forms are Mendelian alternates.

148

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XII, NO. 3

Torrey & Gray, the last growing in a marshy place by the creek.

One specimen, with a dusky stigma, is from Perrott Grove, on

the introduced Brassica campestris L. This is closely allied to A,

nasonii Robertson ( type of subgenus Platandrena Viereck) , having

the same sort of mesopleura. It is, however, easily separated by

the facial foveae and more shining abdomen.

Andrena pronitens Cockerell

Garberville, at Cercocarpus hetuloides, 2 females, April 19

( Cockerell ) . The hair of the abdominal bands is distinctly longer

than in the type from Colorado, and the first tergite is more shin-

ing. The tibial scopa is plumose.

Andrena ripariella Cockerell, sp. n.

Male. Length about 7.5 mm., anterior wings 6.2; black in-

cluding mandibles, antennae (flagellum very faintly brownish),

tegulae and legs; third antennal joint a little longer than fourth;

mandibles bidentate; process of labrum narrow, shallowly emargi-

nate, the apical part broadly thickened; flagellum long and thick,

submonilif orm ; cheeks broad but rounded; facial quadrangle con-

spicuously broader than long; clypeus very coarsely and strongly

punctured; hair of face and front long and black, a little light hair

between antennae; long white hair on middle of vertex and lower

part of cheeks, but cheeks otherwise with black hair: hair of thorax

very long, black at sides and mainly so on scutellum, on mesothorax

white mixed with black, on metathorax black in middle but white

at sides, white in region of axillae; mesothorax dullish, with weak

punctures, moderately shining, but not polished in middle; scu-

tellum shining in middle, bigibbous; area of meta thorax granular

and dull; wings brownish hyaline; stigma very large, very dark

reddish-brown; nervures rather pale brown; basal nervure falling

a little short of nervulus; second cubital cell contracted above, re-

ceiving recurrent nervure at about beginning of last third; legs

with whitish hair, the long hair on front femora behind blackish;

hair on inner side of tarsi only slightly flavescent; spurs dull white;

abdomen shining, with excessively minute punctures; pure white

hair-bands, broadly interrupted in middle, on tergites 2 to 4; apex

with sooty hair; second tergite depressed about one fourth, the

apical depression very narrow.

Meyer’s auto camp, Humboldt Co., latter half of April, one

resting on a bank (W. P. Cockerell). Very close to the Rocky

Mountain A. nigrihirta (Ashmead), but clypeus more coarsely

JULY, 1936]

COCKERELL^CALIFORNIA BEES

149

punctured, wings darker, stigma and nervures much darker, and

abdomen with interrupted white bands. The head seen from in

front looks just like that of A. nigrihirta. A. micranthophila

Ckll., has the hair of face all black, but thorax above with red

hair, and abdomen without bands. In the Californian fauna, A.

knuthiana Ckll. is similar, but has the apical depression of sec-

ond tergite much larger, stigma redder and third cubital cell

very broad above. In the table of British species by Perkins

(1919) it runs nearest to A. gwynana Kirby, but there are no

black hairs projecting beneath third antennal joint. The head,

seen from in front looks like that of A. gwynana, but the coarsely

punctured glistening clypeus of A. ripariella is quite different. A.

gwynana is said to be the true A. hicolor (Fabr.) and is the type

of Hedicke’s subgenus Euandrena.

Andrena semotula Cockerell, sp. n.

Male. Length about 6.5 mm., anterior wing 5; black, the head

and thorax with long spreading white hair, sides of face and front

with black hair; in region of antennae and on thorax above the

hair has a faint, scarcely noticeable yellowish tint; process of

labrum broad and truncate, the thickened apex appearing binodose;

mandibles simple; antennae entirely black, the flagellum very long,

moniliform; third antennal joint shorter than fourth; clypeus with

a white beard, which is rather short and not brilliant; surface

of clypeus moderately shining, flnely punctured, with no smooth

line, an obtuse ridge crosses the clypeus below the middle; cheeks

rounded, with long white hair below, posterior orbits shining;

facial quadrangle conspicuously broader than long; mesothorax

dull, moderately shining on disc, but not polished; scutellum shin-

ing on disc, not bigibbous; area of metathorax dull and granular;

when the thorax is seen from the side the metathorax appears dull,

but a shining band extends along its lower border; tegulse shining

black; wings hyaline; stigma large, dark reddish (more distinctly

red in specimens from Underwoods) ; nervures brown; basal ner-

vure falling short of nervulus; second cubital cell broad (variable,

from broader than high to higher than broad) , receiving recurrent

nervure about middle; first intercubitus not far from stigma; legs

slender, with white hair, very pale yellowish on inner side of tarsi ;

spurs light red; abdomen polished, but second tergite dullish ex-

cept the apical depression, and distinctly though sparsely punc-

tured, depression occupying less than a third; thin inconspicuous

white hair-bands at sides only of tergites 2 to 4 and fifth with a

very thin fringe right across; apex with white hair; extreme apex

(eighth ventral plate) truncate, distinctly subemarginate, with a

150

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XII, NO. 3

long fringe of curved hairs on each side, the style much as in A.

braunsiana Friese.

Eight miles north of Ukiah, April 21, 1935, at Ceanothus

cuneatus (Hooker), 1 male collected hy W. P. Cockerell. Also

from Underwoods, 3 males, at C. cuneatus and C. foliosus Parry

(Ckll.) and from Meyer’s auto camp, Humholdt Co., at Salix, 4

males (W. P. Cockerell). Related to A. candidiformis Vier. &

Ckll., and A. suhcandida Viereck, (det. Vier.) the three being

separable thus:

Stigma dark brown or reddish; flagellum shining black

semotula Ckll.

Stigma pale reddish; flagellum brown beneath 1

1. Second cubital cell broad, its upper basal corner near stigma;

basal nervure falling short of nervulus candidiformis V. & C.

— . Second cubital cell narrow, its upper basal corner separated

from stigma by a distance about equal to side of second cubital

on marginal; basal nervure meeting nervulus

suhcandida Viereck

The A. candidiformis before me was determined by Viereck,

and is labelled “Colo. 2112, Gillette.” It is one. of the original

specimens. The A. suhcandida, also determined by Viereck, is

from Florissant, Colorado, at Rihes vallicola Greene (more cor-

rectly R. inermis Rydbg., var. vallicola), June 11, 1907 (S. A.

Rohwer) . As A. suhcandida was based on the female from Seattle

and Vancouver I., and was said to have the abdomen with metallic

colors and the stigma dark, it is practically certain that Viereck’s

identification of the Florissant insect is incorrect.

In Perkins’ Key A. semotula runs nearest to A. spinigera

Kirby, but that is a very much larger and quite different insdct.

The short third antennal joint and flagellum shining beneath in

the male are characters of the subgenus Hoplandrena Perez,

which is known by various species, from England to Japan.

Andrena (Micrandrena) solutula Cockerell, sp. n.

Female. Length about 6.8 mm., anterior wing 5.6; head and

thorax black with faint, hardly recognizable, suggestions of green-

ish or brassy, the mesothorax essentially black; hair of head and

thorax thin and whitish; mandibles black; flagellum obscurely

brownish beneath; third antennal joint about as long as next two

together, the fourth about as long as fifth ; process of labrum broad

and low, rounded ; clypeus dull, with scattered minute punctures on

JULY, 1936]

COCKERELL— CALIFORNIA BEES

151

a minutely tessellate surface; supraclypeal area shining when seen

from below; facial fovese black (somewhat brownish seen from

above), very short, ending broadly well above level of antennae;

mesothorax and scutellum a little shining, not polished; area of

metathorax dull, showing a V-shaped impression; tegulae black or

faintly brownish; wings hyaline, slightly dusky; stigma red, very

large; nervures pale brown; basal nervure falling far short of

nervulus; second cubital cell large, receiving recurrent nervure

almost or quite at end; first intercubitus almost reaching stigma;

legs black, with whitish hair; abdomen dark green, shining, the

hair-bands extremely weak and hardly noticeable; hair at apex

sooty.

Petrified Forest, Sonoma Co., April 23, (type locality), at

Ceanothus foUosus, 5 females (Cockerell) ; Underwood’s, at

Ceanothus cuneatus, 1 female (Cockerell).

At first sight this looks like A. microchlora suhalia Ckll., but

the black mesothorax and different venation at once separate it.

Andrena transnigra Viereck

Yorkville, Mendocino Co., May 8, 1935, 1 female (Van

Duzee) .

Andrena va^idykei Cockerell, sp. n.

Male. Length about 7 mm., anterior wing 5.7; black, the legs

and abdomen slightly brownish, mandibles faintly reddish apically;

fiagellum long, moniliform, obscure reddish brown; tegulae shining,

very dark brown; clypeus very short and broad, with a transverse

broad light yellow band which does not nearly reach lateral cor-

ners; hair of head and thorax long and spreading, not dense, dull

whitish on cheeks and sides of thorax and behind ocelli, largely

greyish on thorax above, greyish black on face and front; wings

long, hyaline, very faintly dusky apically; stigma very large, dusky

red, nervures brown; basal nervure falling short of nervulus; sec-

ond cubital cell large, approximately square, receiving recurrent

nervure not far from end, its upper basal corner near to stigma;

third cubital cell rather short, receiving recurrent nervure very

near end. Head very large, extremely broad; front and vertex dull,

but clypeus, sides of face and cheeks shining, the clypeus with

small sparse piliferous punctures; malar space short but evident,

shining, its lower end with a long slender spine; mandibles ex-

cessively long, curved, scimitar-like, without any inner tooth, the

extreme base beneath produced into an angle; cheeks very broad,

convex, the broadest part much above middle of eye; process of

labrum very large, very broadly truncate, the margin slightly

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THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XII, NO. 3

undulate, the width of the structure almost as great as the dis-

tance between antennae; third antennal joint longer than the short

fourth but not quite as long as fourth and fifth combined ; thorax

small, moderately shining dorsally; area of metathorax dull, a

little shining laterally, without evident sculpture (the microscope

shows a minutely tessellate surface) ; abdomen fusiform, shining,

without hair-bands, margins of tergites pallescent, second tergite

with no distinct apical depression; venter with thin short white

hair.

Cypress Ridge, Marin Co., April 6, 1921, 1 male (E. C. Van

Dyke) . A very distinct species, probably forming a new subgenus.

A. perarmata Ckll. and A. fulva Schr., which present some points

of similarity, have the large tooth beneath the head on the man-

dibles. The nearest relative is undoubtedly A. timberlakei Ckll.,

from Riverside, which is much smaller, and has a yellow clypeus.

I have regarded A. timberlakei as belonging to the subgenus

Micrandrena, and A. vandykei does have the venation of that

group.

Andrena viridinitens Cockerell, sp. n.

Female. Length about 11 mm., anterior wing 10; head, thorax

and legs black, abdomen shining dark olive green; fiagellum

slightly reddened at apex; tegulae rather large, very dark brown;

head and thorax with abundant long rather dull white hair; third

antennal joint about as long as next two together, not nearly as

long as next three ; process of labrum very broad, rounded, slightly

truncate; facial foveae broad, with thin white hair, going below

level of antennae, separated from orbits by a rather broad punc-

tured band; face much broader than long; clypeus shining, with

distinct well separated punctures, somewhat fiattened in middle,

with no median ridge; cheeks very broad and rounded; mesothorax

entirely dull in front, but the disc polished and shining, with few

weak punctures; scutellum highly polished, with a median groove,

sparsely and weakly punctured; area of metathorax dull and

granular; wings hyaline, slightly reddish, with the outer margin

distinctly dusky; stigma large, clear red with a dark margin; ner-

vures reddish brown; basal nervure meeting nervulus; second cu-

bital cell receiving recurrent nervure at or slightly beyond middle;

legs with mostly white hair, pale fulvous on inner side of tarsi,

black below hind knee-plate; hind tibial scopa simple, the hair on

outer face and under side extremely long, appearing silvery; hind

basitarsi rather broad, as seen from in front showing a bright red

fringe on inner side; abdomen polished, without evident punctures;

first tergite dull and obscurely purplish in middle; second tergite

depressed more than a third, but not nearly half; no hair-bands.

JULY, 1936]

COCKERELL— CALIFORNIA BEES

153

but large loose patches of long pure white hair at sides of tergites

2 to 5 ; apex with orange-fulvous hair ; sternites fringed with very

long white hairs.

Meyer’s auto camp, Humboldt Co., last half of April, at

flowers of Salix, 2 females (Cockerell). In Viereck’s table of

northwestern species this runs to A. seminigra Viereck, from Cor-

vallis, Oregon, said to be 12 mm. long, with gray pubescence, the

abdomen nearly bare and with steel blue reflection. Among the

species known to me, it most suggests A. suhtilis Smith, from

Vancouver I. I examined the type of A. subtilis; it has strongly

fulvous hair on thorax; stigma narrow, dark red-brown; fovea

pale red, and other characters readily separating it from A.

viridinitens. Viereck sent me a specimen of A. seminigra ,and on

comparing it with Smith’s type, it was exactly the same.

Andrena w-scripta Viereck

Near Lower Lake, at Rhus, 1 female. This is conspecific with

one from Stanford University, March 28, 1916 (R. Stinchfield),

determined by Viereck, but it differs by the black tegulae and the

darker grey-brown hair at end of abdomen. Viereck describes

“anal fimbria dark brown.”

Andrena zygadeni Cockerell

Fairfax, Marin Co., April 12, 1925, 1 female (C. L. Fox) ;

Lagunitas, Marin Co., April 7, 1907, 1 male (E. C. Van Dyke).

The male has the hair of the abdominal bands much shorter

than usual, but it may be abraded.

Diandrena chalybioides (Viereck)

Meyers, Humboldt Co., April 18, 1935, at Ranunculus, 1

female (Van Duzee). The process of labrum is narrow, strongly

emarginate at end. At the Citrus Experiment Station I saw a

CO type female from Corvallis, and noted: large, dull green with

much erect dull whitish hair; long black hair at sides of face;

stigma red. It is easily known from A. parachalyhea Vier. by

the broader, dull green abdomen.

Diandrena marinensis Cockerell, sp. n.

Male. Length about 6 mm., anterior wing 5 mm.; robust for a

male, dark blue, the head and thorax dull, abdomen moderately

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THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[vOL. XII, NO. 3

shining, hind margin of tergites dark brown; hair of head, thorax

and legs very long and pure white, no black hair at sides of face;

mandibles reddened at apex; flagellum long and thick, red beneath;

wings hyaline; stigma large, dark reddish; nervures pale reddish;

basal nervure meeting nervulus; legs black; tegulae black; abdomen

with thin white hair at sides and on apical part.

Compared with D. puthua Ckll. (from Pasadena) it differs

by the entirely dull dark blue metathorax (base of metathorax

shining on D. puthua) ; dull, dark blue mesothorax and scu-

tellum; larger scutellum; lack of a shining spot above eyes; dull

first tergite( polished in D. puthua) ; blue instead of dark green

abdomen; and first recurrent nervure much more distant from

first intercubitus.

Compared with D. heatula Ckll. (taken by Timberlake at

Riverside on Baeria gracilis), it differs by being considerably

larger, with black tegulae, dull first tergite, and other characters.

Fort Baker, Marin Co., March 15, 1925, 2 males (C. L. Fox)

California Academy of Sciences.

Diandrena parachalybea (Viereck)

Fort Baker, Marin Co., March 15, 1925, two males (C. L.

Fox) .

Diandrena perch alybea (Viereck)

Female from Fort Baker. Length about 10 mm., anterior wing

7.4; dull bluish green, flagellum ferruginous beneath except at

base; facial quadrangle broader than long, mandibles bidentate,

the inner tooth very short and obtuse; process of labrum emargi-

nate; face with long black hair, on cheeks and top of head it is

rather paler, distinctly greyish; thorax above entirely dull; area

of metathorax granular, with close fine parallel plicae at extreme

base only; hair of thorax rather dilute black at sides but dorsally

sordid whitish; tegulae shining black; wings hyaline, very faintly

brownish, stigma ferruginous, nervures reddish; basal nervure fall-

ing far short of nervulus, recurrent nervures very far from base

and apex of the very long second cubital cell; legs black, with long

pale hair, the hind femora green behind; spurs of hind tibiae red,

very long and slender ; abdomen dull blue-green, without bands, but

thin whitish hair at sides, and apex with pale grey hair; venter

with long whitish hair.

The male has a dense pure white beard of clypeus, but long

black hair at sides of face, and the long stout flagellum is black.

JULY, 1936]

COCKERELL^CALIFORNIA BEES

155

Fort Baker, Marin Co., March 15, 1925, 1 female, 4 males

(C. L. Fox) ; Muir Woods, Marin Co., April 23, 1911, 1 female

(Van Dyke) ; Mt. Tamalpais, Marin Co., April 28, 1907, 1 male

(Van Dyke) .

In Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Sec. 4, XIV, 1925, p. 187, I gave

a brief account of supposed male D. perchalybea collected by F.

E. Blaisdell at Mokelumne Hill. In 1926 Viereck described D.

cuneilahris, female, from the same place and collector. I infer

that the male probably belonged to D. cuneilahris.

Diandrena purdyi Cockerell, sp. n.

Eight miles north of Ukiah, at Ranunculus occidentalis Nut-

all, April 21, I took a male which I had considered referable to

D. perchalybea until I saw the males of that species from Fort

Baker and Mt. Tamalpais. It has the antennae entirely black, the

abdomen blue-green, the basal half of area of metathorax with

strong plicae. It differs from D. perchalybea thus:

Middle of face shining steel blue, with slight greenish tints;

stigma very dark, almost black; basal nervure falling a little short

of nervulus; plicae at base of metathorax very distinct, the inter-

vals shining; abdomen narrower, steel blue, faintly greenish, hind

margins of tergites concolorous purdyi Ckll.

Middle of face green, stigma red; basal nervure more remote

from nervulus; plicae at base of metathorax indistinct, the whole

area dull; abdomen broader, distinctly green, with hind margins

of tergites morel or less evidently brown perchalybea Vier.

In both, there is long black hair at sides of face. The length

is about 7 mm.

D. nothocalaidis Ckll. from Colorado, is exceedingly similar

to the Californian insect now described, and does have the base

of metathorax with distinct plicae with the surface shining. It is

at first difficult to see where there is any difference, but D. notho-

calaidis has the stigma much lighter and redder, the nervures

paler, and the abdomen more shining.

D. cyanosoma Ckll. from Claremont, is also related and agrees

in the dark stigma. The abdomen is considerably duller, and the

metathorax is different; the middle of the face is dull green, and

the flagellum is shorter, not so moniliform, and reddish beneath.

The species is named after Carl Purdy, the distinguished botanist

of Ukiah.

156

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XII, NO. 3

Halictid.®

Halictus allonotus Cockerell, sp. n.

Female. Len^h about 8 nun., anterior wing 6.3; robust, black,

including mandibles; antennse and legs; head and thorax with

scanty fulvescent hair, long and abundant on mesopleura and dense

on tubercles; head ordinary; clypeus highly polished, with sparse

small punctures, and a row of large punctures above lower margin;

supraclypeal area convex, smooth and polished; front distinctly

shining; sides of vertex polished; mesothorax flattened, very highly

polished, with scattered weak punctures; scutellum shining, with

small punctures; area of metathorax crescentic, glistening, with

about twenty irregular wrinkled anastomosing raised lines, about

the middle forming an open irregular network; posterior trunca-

tion with sharp raised lateral margins, which at the top fork widely,

one branch extending mesad behind the area but the two do not

meet in the middle, the distance between their ends being greater

than the length of either branch; sides of metathorax dullish;

tegulae brown with hyaline margins, not punctured; wings reddish

hyaline, stigma large, amber-color, nervures very pale; second

cubital cell large and square, receiving recurrent nervure at apical

corner; second and third intercubital nervures slender, the first

stout; third cubital cell short; legs with fulvescent hair, middle

tibiae with a stiff red brush on inner side ; hind spur with five short

oblique well spaced stout teeth, the first pointed, the others obtuse ;

abdomen stout and convex, shining, the first tergite extremely

brilliant, without evident punctures ; third and fourth tergites with

pale linear bands on extreme margins; tergites 2 to 4 with rather

poorly developed hair-bands at base; apex with whitish hair.

Garberville, Humboldt Co., April 19, 1935, at Cercocarpus

betuloides, 1 female (Cockerell). A remarkable species, known

by its flattened bigbly polished mesothorax. There is some afiin-

ity with H. truTtcafus Rob., which has a normal though shining

mesothorax, and much more coarsely sculptured area of meta-

thorax.

Halictus cooleyi Crawford

Garberville, April 19, very abundant on Cercocarpus betu-

loides, also several at Orthocarpus faucibarbatus Gray; Under-

woods, five at Ceanothus cuneatus; Meyers, at Lupinus arboreus,

var., three; Perrott Grove, at Brassica campestris, one (Cockerell) .

All females.

I had at first referred most of them to H. robustus Crawford,

which I have from Riverside, March 16, at Cryptantha intermedia

JULY, 1936]

COCKERELL^CALIFORNIA BEES

157

(Gray), collected by Timberlake. They all have the appreciably

smaller size of H. cooleyi, but I find the punctures on first tergite

to be variable and the hind spur also variable, but usually show-

ing very distinct oblique teetih or spines after the manner of H.

cooleyi. The two species are certainly very much alike, and the

variable series from northern California shows a certain amount

of intergradation.

According to Crawford’s table in Canadian Entomologist,

Sept. 1906, the teeth of hind spur on H. cooleyi are not oblique,

but they are distinctly so in a cotype from Corvallis.

Halictus cyanurus Cockerell, sp. n.

Female. Length about 5.3 mm., anterior wing 4.2; head and

thorax dark olive green, abdomen dark blue; moderately robust,

with thin and scanty dull white hair, the abdomen hairy at sides

and toward apex, but the tergites with no uniform covering of

tomentum; head rather broad and short; mandibles reddened

apically, labrum black; clypeus shining brassy, sparsely punctured,

with a black margin (seen under microscope both clypeus and

supraclypeal area show only very minute, widely spaced punc-

tures) ; front dull, with minute excessively dense punctures; vertex

shining; mesothorax dull (a little shining but not at all polished)

with very fine not very dense punctures ; scutellum shining, with a

median depression; area of metathorax crescentic, appearing rough

and dull under a lens, the microscope shows strong plicae, irregular

in middle, and the area is truncate apically in middle; posterior

truncation not very sharply defined at sides ; tegulae black, strongly

punctured; wings hyaline, with extremely pale stigma and ner-

vures; first recurrent nervure meeting second intercubitus ; legs

black, with dull whitish hair; hind spur with three stout blunt

spines, and a fourth rudimentary; abdomen shining, but not pol-

ished^ margins of tergites dark reddish; first tergite without evi-

dent pfunctures; venter not metallic.

Garberville, Humboldt Co., April 19, 1935, at Cercocarpus

hetuloides, 1 female (Cockerell). Compared with H. pavoninus

Ellis, this differs at once by the dark, punctured tegulae, a char-

acter which relates it to H. helianthi Ckll. which has a black

abdomen. H. lazulis Ellis has] the face narrower, area of meta-

thorax blue, and different tegulae. H. coerideus Rob. is much

larger and brighter blue. H. sedi Sandh. has a green abdomen

and a greener, more shining mesothorax.

158

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XII, NO. 3

Halictus euryceps Ellis

Eureka, April 17, 4 females; Mather Grove, April 18, 1 fe-

male (Cockerell). Compared with the type from Beulah, New

Mexico, the Eureka specimens differ by the black tegulae, the

wings not reddish, and the stigma pale and much less orange.

The Mather Grove one has reddish wings and a narrower face.

In all the disc of the mesothorax is highly polished. I find that

H. euryceps is variable and it does not seem practical to separate

a Californian race.

These bees are decidedly H. euryceps rather than H. zophops

Ellis, but the two are very close. I separated them as follows:

Abdomen broader at base; area of metathorax sculptured nearly

all over zophops Ellis.

Abdomen narrower at base; area of metathorax with plicae largely

confined to basal part euryceps Ellis.

Other characters are cited by Mrs. Ellis, but I do not find

the abdomen of H. zophops to be appreciably metallic. The table

given by Miss Sandhouse is misleading, as the anterior wing of

both species is less than 6 mm. long.

Halictus farinosus Smith

Yorkville, Mendocino Co., 4 females, April 24, 1928. One

female May 17, 1929 (Van Duzee) ; Lagunitas, July 15, 1928, 1

female (Van Duz'ee) ; Inverness, May 22, 1910, 1 female (Van

Dyke) .

Halictus lupinelli Cockerell, sp. n.

Female. Length about 9 mm., anterior wing 7.2; black, robust,

the margins of first four tergites with narrow, very distinct, pure

white dense hair-bands, that on first failing in middle; no basal

bands; hair at apex pale grey. This falls with H. lerouxii Lep. in

all our tables, but is smaller, the tegulae black or nearly so, the

second cubital cell high and narrow, receiving recurrent nervure

slightly beyond middle (cell large and nervure received near end

in lerouxii), wings clear, hardly reddish. The hind spur, as in H.

lerouxii, has strong teeth on basal half, but those on apical half

are broad and low, equilateral, so that the spur may be said to be

coarsely undulate. The legs are black; the hind basitarsus, as in

H. lerouxii, having a copper-red brush at end. The hair of head

and thorax above is entirely dull white, not fulvescent, perhaps

JULY, 1936]

COCKERELL— CALIFORNIA BEES

159

with a very faint creamy tint, that on mesothorax seems a little

longer than in H. lerouxii. Lepeletier describes H. lerouxii as hav-

ing red hair at endi of abdomen.

Garberville, at flowers of small lupine {Lupinus bicolor Lind-

ley) in meadow by river, 1 female (Cockerell). I thought this

might possibly be a species found in the Palearctic region, but I

cannot match it. It is very different from H. lerouxii ruborum

Ckll., described from Seattle.

Another female, about 10.5 mm. long, comes from Hopland,

May 9, 1926 (Van Duzee) . It has the second cubital cell as in

H. lerouxii, with the recurrent nervure not far from the end,

and is intermediate beween the type of H. lupinelli and H.

lerouxii. But the dense very white abdominal bands in H. lupinelli

are much narrower than in H. lerouxii from Illinois and Kansas,

so I think there are two species involved. In any event H. lupinelli

is a valid subspecies.

Halictus nigrescens Crawford

Female about 6 mm. long (Crawford’s original description says

about 6.5 mm., but in his table he says less than 6 mm.), anterior

wing 4.5; mesothorax with fine distinct punctures on a minutely

lineolate surface, appearing dull, slightly shining, though the scu-

tellum is polished; area of metathorax very large, covered with

fine irregular raised lines ; hind spur with three long oblique spines

and three short rounded ones, the last quite rudimentary; tegulas

not punctured; first tergite with scattered extremely weak punc-

tures, only seen under microscope; fourth and fifth tergites prui-

nose pubescent.

From Crawford’s account, and especially his table, I should

have remained in doubt as to the species, but I have a couple

from Riverside, March 1 and 2, at Eschscholtzia californica, col-

lected and determined by Timberlake. The insect is considerably

less robust than H. cordleyi Crawford, near to which it runs in

the table.

Garberville, April 19, many at Cercocarpus betuloides, and six

at Orthocarpus faucibarbatus Gray (Cockerell) ; Underwoods, six

at Ceanothus cuneatus.

Halictus orthocarpi Cockerell, sp. n.

Female. Length about 8.5 mm., anterior wing 6.7 ; black, robust,

the mandibles, antennae and legs black; tegulae very dark brown.

160

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[vOL. XII, NO. 3

impunctuate ; hair of head and thorax thin and dull whitish; face

rather broad (2 mm. between orbits) ; clypeus with the upper part

dull and finely punctured, the lower part shining and coarsely

punctured; supraclypeal are only moderately shining; front densely

punctured, and more or less striate; vertex shining right across;

mesothorax shining, but hardly polished, the scutellum polished,

but with many fine punctures of different sizes ; area of metathorax

rough and dullish, quite large, under a lens showing fine dense

striation, the microscope showing numerous rather weak anasto-

mosing rug£e; posterior truncation dull, distinctly defined all

around, with a deep median pit; wings hyaline, faintly dusky;

stigma large, pale dull amber; nervures very pale, outer recurrent

and intercubitus very weak; second cubital cell conspicuously nar-

rowed above, receiving recurrent nervure a moderate distance from

end; legs with dull white hair, hind basitarsi with a copper-red

brush at end; hind spur with five short oblique stout teeth, the last

two rudimentary; abdomen broad, shining, the first tergite very

brilliant, without evident punctures under a lens, but the micro-

scope shows scattered excessively minute punctures; hind margins

of tergites very narrowly whitish; tergites with thin poorly de-

veloped basal bands of white hair, largely hidden, and distinct

traces of thin apical bands at sides, and on fifth tergite right

across, but not easily seen; apex with white hair.

Garberville, at Orthocarpus fauciharhatus, 4 females, April

(Cockerell). Resembles H. galpinsice Ckll. and H. aherrcms

Crawf., but the area of metathorax is quite different. The area

of metathorax is much more finely sculptured than in H. puncti-

ferus (Ckll.) In Crawford’s key (1907) the position is a little

ambiguous as there are traces of apical bands on tergites and the

hind spur is rather intermediate between the two categories given,

but it really should go to 42, and as the wings are not perfectly

clear, and the wrinkles of area reach apex, on to 44. The meso-

thorax has rather close strong punctures, with very minute ones

between, and excessively fine lineolation on anterior part, so the

insect would run to H. cooleyi Crawf., from which it is easily

known by the abdominal characters.

Halictus pilosellus Cockerell, sp. n.

Female. Length about 5 mm., anterior wing 4; robust, shining

yellowish-green, including abdomen; mandibles and labrum dark

red; apical part of flagellum light ferruginous beneath; tegulse

pellucid testaceous, not punctured; wings clear hyaline, stigma

and nervures very pale; legs black, hind knees, tibiae at extreme

apex and base of basitarsi, red; a copper-red brush at end of hind

JULY, 1936]

COCKERELLr-CALIFORNIA BEES

161

basitarsi; hind spur with four long: blunt spines and a fifth rudi-

mentary; hind margins of second and following tergites pallid;

tergites 3 to 5 entirely covered with dull white tomentum, first and

second with such tomentum at sides and second also at base, but

much narrowed in middle, the exposed parts of these tergites bril-

liantly polished. Face of moderate width; clypeus projecting, shin-

ing, brassy, but the apical margin broadly black; supraclypeal

area highly polished; front entirely dull; hair of head and thorax

above short, faintly yellowish; mesothorax shining, polished on

disc, median groove distinct; scutellum shining; area of meta-

thorax crescentic, rather short, appearing rugose under a lens,

with a thick shining posterior margin, the microscope shows about

eighteen fine wrinkled rugae with a little smooth space at middle

of base ; the first recurrent nervure meets the second inter cubitus.

Garberville, Humboldt Co., April 19, 1935, at Cer cocar pus

hetuloides, 1 female (Cockerell). Compared with H. pruinosus

Rob., it is considerably smaller and the head is shorter. The

structure agrees better with the blue-green H. pruinosiformis

Crawford. H. pilosus Smith is larger, with dull mesothorax. I

was at first inclined to refer this to H. actinosus Sandh., but that

is distinctly larger with various small differences, and Miss Sand-

house compares her species with some which are not the nearest

relatives to ours. In the table in Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 65,

Art. 19, p. 2, at 17, the expression “wings not thus clear, stigma

darker” is misleading, since some of the species falling in this

division have the stigma exceedingly pale (e.g. H. lazulis Ellis).

Halictus tracyi Cockerell, sp. n.

Female. Length about 6.7 mm., anterior wing 5.6; robust, with

broad convex, shining abdomen; black, including mandibles, an-

tennse, legs, and the shining impunctate tegulae; hair of head and

thorax scanty, dull whitish, with a faint yellowish tinge dorsally;

legs with white hair, pale yellowish on inner side of tarsi ; abdomen

with dull white hair at apex, and thin hair at sides, buti no hair-

bands or spots; facial quadrangle longer than broad; clypeus promi-

nent, shining, with large punctures; supraclypeal area polished but

punctured; front dull, shining along orbits; vertex on each side of

ocelli dull, except a polished area next to ocelli; mesothorax

strongly and closely punctured, shining but not polished, the

median groove very strong; scutellum polished, slightly depressed

in middle ; area of metathorax very large, dull, with fine irregular

anastomosing raised lines (as seen under microscope), no regular

parallel plicae; area behind with an obtuse shining border; trun-

cation of metathorax not sharply defined above ; mesopleura convex.

162

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XII, NO. 3

posteriorly shining*; wings hyaline, a little dusky, the stigma very

dark brown, nervures brown; basal nervure falling short of ner-

vulus; second cubital cell very broad, receiving recurrent nervure

near end; outer intercubitus in middle much more slender than

the others; hind spur strongly pectinate, with six O'blique spines;

abdomen polished; first tergite with widely spaced excessively

minute punctures.

Eureka (type locality), Humboldt Co., April 17, 1935, 13

females (Cockerell) ; Garberville, April 19, at Cercocarpus hetu-

loides, 1 female; Perrott Grove, three females at Brassica cam-

pestris; Mather Grove April 18, at Oxalis, a species with pink

flowers, 1 female (W. P. Cockerell) ; Meyers, at Lupinus arboreus

var. 1 female (Cockerell). Named after Joseph Tracy, the skilled

botanist of Eureka, who guided us to the spot where the bees

were found. In Crawford’s table (1907) it goes to H. diver gens

Lovell, but is easily known from that and related species by the

lack of hair-patches on abdomen. It is larger and more robust

than H. vaporellus Ckll., with darker stigma and broader head.

The hind spur separates it from H. inconditus Ckll. and H.

supranitens Ckll. At Eureka they were found nesting, and also in

numbers at flowers of Claytonia sibirica (L.) The nests were in

earth on the base of a fallen tree.

Panurgidae

Panurginus melanocephalus Cockerell

Mark West Spring, April 23, two females at Ranunculus.

This was printed (Pan. Pac. Ent. Oct. 1926, p. 80) as Panurgus

melanocephalus, but my manuscript had it Panurginus. P. mor-

risoni Crawford (also taken at Ranunculus flowers) is evidently

the same. Crawford’s paper is dated Dec. 1926, and was actually

published in January 1927.

Panurginus nigrellus Crawford

Garberville, April, at Cercocarpus betuloides Nuttall; eight

miles north of Ukiah, April 21, at Ranunculus occidentalis Nut-

tall; Petrified Forest, Sonoma Co., April 23, at Ceanothus foliosus

Parry. All females. Crawford defines this species on male char-

acters alone, and records numerous males from the region around

Stanford University. The females difl^er from P. atriceps (Cres-

son), as I understand it, by the short, dusky wings, and the black

JULY, 1936]

COCKERELL— CALIFORNIA BEES

163

or practically black tegulae (Cresson says of P. atriceps “tegulae

dull testaceous” ) .

Anthophorid^

Anthophora californica Cresson

Ml Diablo, nesting in bank, 6 females; 1 male, at Salvia

mellifera Greene. They were not observed to make the usual

structures at the entrance to the nests.

Anthophora ignava Cresson

Garberville, four females at Cercocarpus hetuloides Nuttall,

and two (W. P. C.) at Lupinus albifrons Bentham. This species

was described from Nevada, but is supposed to be the female of

A. pacifica Cresson taken by Hy. Edwards in California. A re-

lated form from Mesa Verde, Colorado, was described in 1930

as A. subignava Cockerell. This last is more robust, with white

hair on thorax above. A. ignava from Yakima, Washington, dif-

fers from the Garberville series by the pea-green instead of black

or practically black eyes, and the tegulae rufous with a dark base,

instead of practically black. A male A. pacifica from Mill Valley,

Calif. (Van Duzee) certainly appears to be the male of the

Garberville insect.

Mr. E. T. Cresson Jr., has kindly given me this information

about the Cresson series of this species:

“Our series of this species, all females of course, are three

from Nevada, two from California, two from Oregon. The color

of the eyes is apparently somewhat greenish ; that of the tegulae

is black to slightly reddish. They agree in all these respects with

our specimens of A. pacifica, as well as in the color of the pile

on the legs. I would say that the two series are conspecific, as

you suggest.” (litt. July 11, 1935).

Mr. P. H. Timberlake writes (litt. July 18, 1935) that there

is no doubt that A. ignava is the female of A. pacifica.

Anthophora infernalis Dalla Torre

Garberville, at flowers of Lupinus albifrons Bentham, 1 fe-

male (W. P. C.). Timberlake writes (in litt.) that this is a

melanic variety of A. pacifica Cresson, occurring only in the

female. It seems to be the only form of the female that occurs

in Southern California.

164

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[vOL. XII, NO. 3

Anthophora simillima Cresson

Mark West Springs, April 23, 1 male, at Cynoglossum grande

Douglas.

Emphoropsis DEPRESSA (Fowler)

Garberville, 1 female, at Cercocarpus betuloides Nuttall.

Emphoropsis murihirta Cockerell

Garberville, at Lupinus alhifrons Bentham (W. P. C.), 1 fe-

male. Meyer’s auto camp, Humboldt Co., 3 females at Lupinus

arhoreus Sims, variety, and 1 female at Lathyrus vestitus Nuttall.

Bombid^

Bombus californicus Smith

Mt. Diablo, one female at Salvia mellifera Greene.

Bombus edwardsii Cresson {fernaldi Franklin)

North of Laytonville (W. P. C.), workers at Lupinus and

Trifolium; Garberville, workers at Lupinus alhifrons Bentham,

L. hicolor Bindley, Sisyrinchium, and Cercocarpus betuloides

Nuttall; eight miles north of Ukiah (W. P. C.), at Ceanothus

cuneatus (Hooker) ; Myers’ auto camp, at Lupinus arhoreus

Sims, variety. Only workers were taken.

Bombus vosnesenskii Radoszkowski

Underwood’s cabins, one female at Ceanothus foliosus Parry;

north of Laytonville, one worker at Pedicularis densiflora Bent-

ham; Myers’ auto camp, one worker on Lupinus arhoreus Sims,

variety.

Hyl.®id^

Hyl^us cressoni (Cockerell)

Petrified Forest, at Ceanothus foliosus, April 23, 1 male

(Cockerell) ; Garberville, April 19, at Cercocarpus betuloides 1

male (Cockerell).

Hyl^us nunenmacheri (Bridwell)

Petrified Forest, Sonoma Co., April 23, 1 male (Ckll.) It

was at flowers of Ceanothus foliosus Parry. A male was also

taken on Ceanothus at Mark West Springs, April 23, (Van

Duzee) .

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Vol. XII

October, 1936

No. 4

THE

Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Published by the

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in co-operation with

The California Academy of Sciences

CONTENTS

MICHENER, ON CERTAIN HELICTID^ FROM

NORTHERN CALIFORNIA 165

ROSS. THE SAWFLY GENUS EMPRIA IN NORTH AMERICA 172

FALL, ON CERTAIN SPECIES OF CANTHARIS 179

BLAISDELL, STUDIES IN THE MELYRID^, NO. 11 184

ZIMMERMAN, BRACHYTARSUS IN CALIFORNIA 191

BALL, SOME NEW LEAFHOPPERS IN GROUPS FORMERLY

INCLUDED IN THAMNOTETTIX 192

FLANDERS, TWO MEALYBUGS OF THE GENUS PUTO

ATTACKING CITRUS 196

CROSS, A NEW FORM OF POLYGONIA HYLAS 197

VAN DUZEE, DR. NEEDHAM’S MONOGRAPH OF THE MAYFLIES 198

LINSLEY, OBSERVATIONS OF THE HABITS OF SOME

WESTERN LONGICORN BEETLES 199

WILCOX, ASILID^, NEW AND OTHERWISE, FROM THE

southwest, with a KEY TO THE GENUS STICHOPOGON._ 201

San Francisco, California

1936

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

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San Francisco, California, under Act of August 24, 1912.

The Pan-Pacific Entomologist

VoL. XII, No. 4 October, 1936

ON CERl AiN HALICTID^ FROM NORTHERN CALIFORNIA

BY CHARLES D. MICHENER

University of California

This paper is a supplement to Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell’s

recently published artiele on “Bees from Northern California”

(Pan-Pae. Ent., XII, pages 133-164) . The specimens studied

were almost entirely from the eollection of the California Academy

of Sciences, and were turned over to me for study by Prof.

Cockerell, to whom I wish to express my gratitude for many

kindnesses extended to me.

Halictus (Evylaeus) sequoiae Michener, n. sp.

Female: Length 6% to nearly 7 mm.; black; head rather elon-

gate, the facial line distinctly longer than transfacial; clypeus with

fairly numerous coarse punctures; rest of face, especially front,

rather dull with fine close punctures; scutum and scutellum with

abundant, rather small punctures; tegulae black, brownish pos-

teriorly, not distinctly punctured ; pleura with rather fine irregular

punctures; wings quite dusky, the veins and stigma black; en-

closure of propodeum short, hardly longer than postscutellum,

distinctly shorter than scutellum, with rather strong longitudinal

striae, some of the median ones somewhat irregular, the rather

extensive ground between the striae rounghened; posterior face

of propodeum not bounded by a carina; inner spur of hind tibiae

with about seven oblique rather pointed teeth, the apical ones

small, the basal one largest but hardly longer than basal width;

abdomen broad, without bands, the posterior margin of tergites

broadly but very faintly’ brownish, the pygidial area reddish

apically; first ter gite practically impunctate and very shiny (finely

punctate laterally) ; second strongly contrasting with the first,

the basal portion quite dull with punctures; remaining tergites

like the second but with more punctures apically, fewer basally,

that is, more evenly punctured; pubescence pale, present on legs,

face, cheeks, forming a line around posterior edge of prothorax

down to and including the tubercles; pleura, postscutellum and

rest of thorax, with more or less copious pubescence; second and

following tergites, except median dorsum of second, with some

appressed pubescence.

166

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XII, NO. 4

Hlolotype (C.A.S. Ent., No. 4199) and paratypeis, Ross,

Marin County, April 28, 1918 (Van Duzee). Paratypes, Mark

West Springs, on Nemophila tricolor, April 23, 1935 (Van

Duzee) ; Myers, five miles north of Miranda, Humboldt County,

April 18, 1935 (Van Duzee) ; Yorkville, Mendocino County, on

white Gilia, May 8, 1935 (Van Duzee) ; Fairfax, Marin County,

April 12, 1925 (C. L. Fox).

One specimen from Mark West Springs has a more shiny

scutum than the others, but is probably only a variety.

Superficially similar species, such as tracyi Ckll. and incon-

ditus Ckll. have the enclosure of the propodeum longer, about

as long as scutellum. H. kincaidii Ckll. is a much more coarsely

rugose species.

Halictus (Evylaeus) humboldtensis Michener, n. sp.

Female: Black, with the abdomen largely red. Length nearly

7 mm.; transfacial line a little longer than facial; clypeus shiny

with moderate sized punctures; rest of face, especially front, rather

dull with very fine close punctures; mandibles reddish in the

middle; scutum and scutellum brilliantly shining, with rather

small, not close, punctures; postscutellum dull; pleura slightly

shining, finely punctate; enclosure of propodeum coarsely reticu-

late, with longitudinal strias laterally, the posterior margin smooth

and shining; posterior face of propodeum not bounded by a carina;

inner spur of hind tibia with about five teeth, the longest ones

in the middle; abdomen very finely and obscurely punctate, the

first tergite practically impunctate; first tergite black at the sides,

strongly infuscated with black except for the apical margin;

second and third tergites with rather large black spots at the

sides basally; fourth tergite very short, only about one-third as

long as third (probably abnormally retracted) , yellowish red, in-

fuscated at the sides; fifth and sixth tergites black, the fifth

slightly reddish basally and apically; pubescence sparse and pale,

not forming abdominal bands, moderately copious as usual on

head and thorax; wings slightly dusky, the stigma very dark

brown.

Holotype (C.A.S. Ent., No. 4200), Garberville, Humboldt

County, April 19, 1935 (Van Duzee) .

Differs from H. ovaliceps Ckll. by shape of head, from H.

arizonensis Cwfd. by black tubercles, clypeus, legs, etc., from

H. aspilurus Ckll. by black apex of abdomen, and apparently

by more sparsely punctate scutum. Evidently closest to the

latter species.

OCTOBER, 1936]

MICHENER— HALICTID^

167

Halictus (Evylaeus) mendocinensis Michener, n. sp.

Female: Length 7 mm.; black; facial line about equal to trans-

facial; clypeus apically shiny with rather coarse punctures but

basally with fine punctures like those of rest of face; front rather

dull, with small dense punctures ; scutum and scutellum with rather

small not dense punctures, the ground between shining, but not

brilliantly so; pleura rather dull; enclosure of propodeum about

as long as scutellum, truncated posteriorly, with fine, somewhat

irregular longitudinal rugee; posterior face of propodeum shiny,

bounded by a rather fine carina which nearly vanishes at the sides

above; wings brownish, the veins and stigma rather pale brown;

inner spur of hind tibia with five or six teeth, the basal one

longest and slender; tegulee dark piceous, not large or punctured;

under side of flagellum obscurely brownish; small joints of tarsi

somewhat brown; first tergite polished, with only a few exceed-

ingly minute punctures; following tergites less brilliantly shin-

ing, with small, much separated, punctures; posterior margin of

tergites broadly but very obscurely brownish; pubescence pale,

rather copious on head and thorax, less so on abdomen, not

forming abdominal bands, practically absent on dorsal and pos-

terior surfaces of propodeum.

Holotype (C.A.S. Ent., No. 4201) and one paratype, York-

ville, Mendocino County, May 1, 1924 (Van Duzee) ; para-

type, Mill Valley, Marin County, June 21, 1931 (L. S. Slevin).

The sculpture of the enclosure of the propodeum reminds

one of H. allonotus Ckll. but the strias are even further apart.

Perhaps closest to H. foxii Rob., synthyridis Ckll., niger Vier.,

vaporellus Ckll., etc., but in all of these the striae of enclosure

of propodeum are close, as in most species of the genus.

Halictus (Chloralictus) marinensis Michener, n. sp.

Female: Length 5 to 6 mm.; head and thorax blue, abdomen

black; head fairly long, the facial line distinctly longer than trans-

facial ; clypeus shining, with rather coarse punctures ; supra-

clypeal area shining and nearly impunctate below medially; rest

of face dullish, very finely and closely punctate and slightly

lineolate; scutum partly lineolate, with moderate sized, not close,

punctures ; scutellum with punctures fine and close near mid-

line; pleura dull, granulate; enclosure of propodeum with about

twenty fairly widely separated radiating rugee, the median ones

not usually reaching to posterior edge of enclosure, the ground

between the rugae slightly transversely lineolate; tegulse nearly

black, broadly rounded or slightly truncate posteriorly, with a

few tiny punctures; flagellum dull brown beneath except at base;

168

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XII, NO. 4

anterior margin of clypeus black; wings rather dark brown, the

veins and stigma very dark brown; legs black; abdomen shining

black, the posterior margin of the tergites faintly brownish, the

tergites not or hardly punctured, not lineolate (there are appar-

ently a few excessively minute punctures on base of second ter-

gite, and perhaps a few on third tergite) ; pubescence sparse,

pale, copious on legs, forming a margin around tubercles, fairly

copious on pleura, not at all abundant on abdomen.

Holotype (C.A.S. Ent., No. 4202) and paratypes, Lagunitas,

Marin County, August 7, 1921 (Van Duzee) .

This species has the darkest wings of any Chloralictus

known to me except H. hemimelas Ckll., which has distinct

punctures on the abdomen and a very different enclosure of

propodeum. H. viridatulus Ckll. has a similar enclosure to

marinensis, but the abdomen is somewhat lineolate, tergites four

to six have considerable appressed pubescence, etc.

Halictus farinosus Smith

Males: Mount Hermon, Santa Cruz County, July 7 to 30,

1922 (F. E. Blaisdell).

Halictus nigrescens Crawford

Females: Myers, five miles north of Miranda, Humboldt

County, April 18, 1935 (Van Duzee) ; Cypress Ridge, Marin

County, May 7, 1922 (Van Dyke) ; Cummings, Mendocino

County, April 20, 1935, on Ceanothus (Van Duzee) ; Mount

Tamaipais, Marin County, April 6, 1913 (Van Dyke) ; Mill

Valley, Marin County, February 21, 1926 (Van Duzee) ; Mesa

Grande, Sonoma County, July 14, 1908 (Blaisdell) ; Fairfax,

May 9, 1920 (Van Duzee).

Halictus kincaidii Cockerell

Females: Klamath, Del Norte County, July 18, 1934 (Van

Dyke) ; Mesa Grande, Sonoma County, July 10, 1908 (Blais-

dell) .

Halictus trizonatus Cresson

Both sexes: Mount Hermon, Santa Cruz County, July 7 to

30, 1922 (Blaisdell).

OCTOBER, 1936]

MICHENER— HALICTID^

169

Halictus titusi Crawford

Females: Lagunitas, July 15, 1918 (Van Duzee) ; Muir Woods

Redwood Cn.), Marin Conuty, May 17, 1908 (Van Dyke).

Halictus allonotus Cockerell

Females: Ukiah, May 7, 1930 (G. Linsley) ; Marin County,

March 22, 1925 (C. L. Fox) ; Myers, five miles north of Miranda,

Humboldt County, on Ceanothus (Van Duzee) ; Lagunitas,

Marin County, August 7, 1921 (Van Duzee).

Halictus Olympic Cockerell

Females: Fairfax, May 11, 1919 (Van Duzee) ; Mill Valley,

June 7, 1915 (Van Duzee).

Halictus robustus Crawford

Female: Yorkville, Mendocino County, April 24, 1928 (Van

Duzee). Close to cooleyi but larger, punctures of first tergite

distinctly coarser than those of second (same as those of sec-

ond in cooleyi ) .

Halictus cooleyi Crawford

Females: Ross, Marin County, March 31, 1918 (Van Duzee) ;

Cummings, Mendocino County, March 20, 1935, on Ceanothus

(Van Duzee).

Male: Lane’s Redwood Flat, Mendocino County, July 20, 1934

(Van Duzee) .

Halictus meliloti Cockerell

Females: Fort Baker, Marin County (C. L. Fox) ; York-

ville, Mendocino County, April 30, 1924, and April 24, 1928

(Van Duzee) ; Mill Valley, Marin County, February 18, 1923

(Van Duzee) ; Lagunitas, Marin County, August 7, 1921 (Van

Duzee) ; Ben Bow Club, Humboldt County, April 19, 1935, on

Myosotis (Van Duzee) ; Myers, five miles north of Miranda,

Humboldt County, April 18, 1935, on Ranunculus (Van Duzee) ;

Sears Point, Marin County, May 28, 1931 (Van Duzee) ; Ross,

Marin County, April 28, 1918 (Van Duzee).

Halictus ligatus Say

Females: Mark West Springs, April 23, 1935, on N emophila

170

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XII, NO. 4

tricolor (Van Duzee) ; Cazadero, September 3, 1918 (Van

Duzee) .

Halictus euryceps Ellis

Some individuals from Eureka (Van Duzee) are nearly like

the type, others have the striae on enclosure of propodeum few

and broadly separated. There are apparently all intergrada-

tions between these forms.

Halictus helianthi Cockerell

Female: Mount Tamalpais, Marin County, April 6, 1913

(Van Dyke) .

Halictus lerouxi Lepeletier

Female: Guerneville, Sonoma County, May 31, 1910 (Van

Dyke) .

Male: Mesa Grande, Sonoma County, July 17, 1908 (Blais-

dell ) .

Halictus lerouxi lupinelli (Cockerell)

Females: Lagunitas, July 15, 1918 (Van Duzee) ; Muir

Woods (Redwood Ch.), Marin County, May 17, 1908 (Van

Dyke) ; Fort Balcer, Marin County, March 15, 1925 (C. L. Fox) ;

Orick, Humboldt County, July 5, 1931 (Van Dyke) ; Mill Valley,

Marin County, May 24, 1924 (C. L. Fox) ; Yorkville, Mendocino

County, April 24, 1928 (Van Duzee) .

Males: Lagunitas and Orick, same data as above.

Both sexes differ from lerouxi by slightly smaller size. Fe-

males from the type locality show narrow bands as in the type,

but specimens from other localities show various intergrada-

tions with ordinary lerouxi. Crawford (Viereck et al, Synop.

Bees Oie., Wash., B. C., and Vancouver) notes great variation

in size and in width of abdominal bands.

Halictus tracyi Cockerell

Some specimens from northern California agree with in-

conditus Ckll. in the coarse sculpture of the enclosure of the

propodeum, but resemble tracyi in the nearly black antennae

(flagellum strongly brown beneath in inconditus) and in the

grayish wings (brownish in inconditus). Apparently these Cali-

OCTOBER, 1936]

MICHENER— HALICTID^

171

fornia forms are only distinct varieties, as numerous specimens

of both types as well as forms with finer sculpture than typical

tracyi have the same data and many specimens are intermediate

between these forms. I am inclined to believe that we have

inconditus divided into two subspecies, the northern typical

form and the southern tracyi. For the present, however, tracyi

may be considered as a distinct species. The variations of

tracyi are greater than those commonly considered of specific

value.

Females: Lagunitas, Marin County, July 4, 1909 (Van Dyke) ;

Mill Valley, Marin County, April 19, 1925 (C. L. Fox) ; York-

ville, Mendocino County, May 8, 1935, on white Ceanothus (Van

Duzee) .

Male: Similar to the female, having the same variable sculp-

ture of enclosure of propodeum, but differing from female by

the usual sexual characters. Head elongate, the clypeus much

produced with an apical dull yellow band; flagellum long, the

under side brown or sometimes the apical third nearly black;

mandibles black, the apices ferruginous, sometimes a yellow

area basad to the ferruginous apex; tarsi vary from dull yellow

to nearly black.

Lagunitas, August 7, 1921 (Van Duzee) ; Weott, Humboldt

County, July 13, 1929 (Van Dyke).

Halictus orthocarpi Cockerell

Numerous females from Garberville, Humboldt County, Cali-

fornia (Van Duzee).

Male: Similar to female except for the usual sexual char-

acters; flagellum very long, red beneath except for the last one

or two joints; face very long and rather narrow, the clypeus

produr-ed, its apical half yellow; tarsi yellow; fore tibiae yellow

at base and apex, with a yellowish line on anterior side of

one of them; middle tibiae yellow, infuscated exteriorly except

at base or (on other side) black, yellow at base and apex;

hind tibiae black.

Lagunitas, Marin County, August 7, 1921 (Van Duzee) .

This specimen shows a peculiar asymetry in the markings

on the legs.

172

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XII, NO. 4

Augochlora pomoniella Cockerell

Female: Ben Bow Club, Humboldt County, April 19, 1935

(Van Duzee) .

Agapostemon californicus Crawford

Female: Eureka, Huniboldt County, April 17, 1935, on

Salmon Berry (Van Duzee).

THE SAWFLY GENUS EMPRIA IN NORTH AMERICA

(Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidaa)

BY HERBERT H. ROSS

Illinois State Natural History Survey, TJrhana, 111.

The genus Empria is one of the sawfly groups which appar-

ently has no reliable external characters for classifying the

species. A study of the saws and male genitalia, however, has

disclosed remarkable differences which afford a stable basis

for separating the forms of the nearctic species.

In the past over seventy nearctic species have been placed

in the genus. Of these three, cavata MacGillivray, cetaria Mac-

Gillivray, and columna MacGillivray, belong to the genus

Ametastegia. The remainder have been condensed to seven, in-

cluding one new to science. They were originally based on

slight differences in color, sculpture of head, shape of sheath,

proportions of antennae, and sundry other characters. Most of

the species were based on one or a few specimens. During the

spring of 1930 Dr. T. H. Frison and myself obtained several

hundred specimens of two species, maculata and obscurata,

from several localities in Illinois. These series showed that

almost every external difference previously used was subject to

considerable variation and that the only reliable ones were the

characters of the internal genitalia. This conclusion has been

substantiated by a study of more than 600 specimens from almost

all parts of North America. I have examined the genitalia of

every type involved in this paper except those of multicolor

(Norton), superha (Prov.), and hullensis (Prov.).

When the Eurasian species of Empria are studied on the

basis of these characters, a few of the names used in this paper

OCTOBER, 1936]

ROSS— GENUS EMPRIA

173

may have to be ehanged. At present, however, determination

of Eurasian species is too arbitrary to be relied upon.

Empria Lepeletier

Key to Nearctic Species

1 .

2 .

6 .

8 .

10 .

11 .

12 .

Males (apical sternite not incised) 2

Females (apical sternites divided by a sheath) 7

Mesopleuree with a large yellow mark multicolor

Mesopleurse black 3

Apex of penis valve produced into a long slender filament,

fig. 15 improha

Apex of penis valve without a long slender filament, figs.

11-14

Penis valve without a single, conspicuous tooth or tooth-like

process at or near apex, fig. 16 coryli

Penis valve with a conspicuous tooth, figs. 12, 13, or a tooth-

like process, fig. 14, at or near apex 5

Apex of penis valve curled over and hood-like, forming a

tooth-like process, fig. 14 maculata

Apex of penis valve not curled over; with a tooth on the

dorsal side below apex, figs. 12-13 6

Tooth of penis valve short as in fig. 12 obscurata

Tooth of penis valve long as in fig. 13 ignota

Mesopleuree with a light area or stripe 8

Mesopleurae black 9

Clypeus deeply incised, fig. 9, and yellow multicolor

Clypeus only slightly incised and black coryli

Lancet of saw with large, sharp lobes on apical portion and

with no well differentiated lobes on basal portion, fig. 1

maculata

Lancet with lobes forming a regular series increasing in size

from apex to base, fig. 2 10

Lobes of lancet, fig. 8, with basal portion long and rounded,

and separated from the small apical teeth by a small de-

pression improha

Lobes of lancet, fig. 6, with basal portion not distinctly set

off from apical portion 11

Basal lobes of lancet, fig. 6, with base large and globular,

with few apical teeth. ignota

Basal lobes of lancet with base smaller, fig. 5, sometimes

scarcely produced, fig. 3 12

Segments of lancet separated by rows of small setse, fig. 2

obscurata

Segments of lancet not separated by rows of small setee,

fig. 3 nordica

174

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XII, NO. 4

Subgenus Empria Lepeletier

Synonyms: Poscilo stoma Dahlbom, Pcocilosoma Thomson, PcbcUo-

stomidea Ashmead, Tetratneura Ashmead, Triempria Enslin,

Six species are placed in this subgenus, which is char-

acterized by the totally black orbits, and a median keel on the

clypeus.

Empria obscurata (Cresson)

Selandria obscurata Cresson, Trans, Am. Ent. Soc., vol, 8, Jan,,

1880, p. 15, male, female.

PcBcilosoma punctulata Weldon, Can. Ent., vol. 39, Sept. 16, 1907,

p. 304, male, female. New syn.

Empria af finis female, Empria caudelli female, Empria arizonensis

female, Rohwer, Can. Ent., vol. 42, May 7, 1910, pp. 173-174.

New syn.

Empria cava female, Empria cauduca female, MacGillivray, Can.

Ent., vol. 43, Sept. 6, 1911, pp. 306-309. New syn.

Empria capillata female, Empria condita female, Empria con-

torta female, Empria conferta female, Em23ria concreta female,

Empria conciliata female, Empria concisa female, MacGil-

livray, Can. Ent., vol. 43, Oct. 4, 1911, pp. 341-346. New syn.

Empria costata MacGillivray, Can Ent., vol. 46, Mar. 13, 1914,

p. 103, female. New syn.

Empria fragarise Rohwer, Jl. Econ. Ent., vol. 7, Dec., 1914, p.

479. New syn.

Emq^ria cista female, Empria cistula female, MacGillvray, Univ.

111. Bull., vol. 20, no. 50, Aug. 13, 1923, p. 16. New syn.

Distribution. Alta., Ariz., B. C., Calif., Colo., Conn., la.,

Ida., 111., Ind., Man., Mass., Mont., N. J., Northwest Terr., N. Y.,

Ore., Sask., Wash.,

Empria ignota (Norton)

Selandria ignotus Norton, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., vol. 1, 1867,

p. 257, female.

Monostegia kincaidii MacGillivray, Can. Ent., vol. 25, Oct. 5,

1893, p. 239, female. New syn.

Empria calda female, Empria cata male, Empria castigata

female, Empria casca male, Empria evecta female, Mac-

Gillivray, Can. Ent., vol. 43, Sept. 6, 1911, pp. 307-310. New

syn.

Empria confirmata female, Empria concitata male, Empria

culpata female, MacGillivray, Can. Ent., vol. 43, Oct. 4, 1911,

pp. 341-343. New syn.

OCTOBER, 1936]

ROSS— GENUS EMPRIA

175

Empria cerina MacGillivray, Psyche, vol. 28, April, 1921, p. 34,

male, female. New syn.

Empria cirrha female, Empria cithara female, MacGillivray, Univ.

111. Bull., vol. 20, no. 50, Aug. 13, 1923, p. 16, 17. New syn.

Distribution. Alta., B. C., Conn., Man., Mass., Mich., N. B.,

N. J., N. H., N. Y., Ont., Ore., Pa., Que., Sask., Wash.

Empria nordica new species

Indistinguishable externally from specimens of ignota and

ohscurata in which the sheath is curled and, narrowed at apex.

Differs in structure of saw as explained in key.

Female. Length 5.5 mm. Color black, with paired opalescent

areas on abdominal tergites 2-6, the extreme apical margin of

the abdominal segments white and the following parts whitish

or straw-colored : postero-lateral margin of pronotum, tegulse,

labrum, indefinite area at apex of femora, front and middle tibiee

except apex, and extreme base of hind tibige; remainder of tibias

and tarsi varying shades of brown. Wings barely infuscated,

venation brown.

Structure. Typical of subgenus. Clypeus, fig. 10, moderately

incised, with a median keel produced beyond apex to form a small

tooth. Antennae short and stout. Ridges of head rounded and

dull with shagreening. Thorax shining. Tarsal claws with a

minute inner tooth near middle.

Sheath long and tapering to a narrow, rounded apex, clothed

with sparse setae. Cerci short, one-fourth length of sheath. Saw

with 17 discernible segments in the lance, 16 in the lancet. Lance

with sutures straight at apex, becoming curved towards base.

Lancet, fig. 3, with ducts wide and shallow, their anterior margin

sinuate; segments at base of saw set off by fine creases, those at

apex only by the ventral lobes; ventral lobes long and scarcely

raised, divided into 6-10 fine teeth, which decrease in number

towards the base of the saw.

Holotype. Female; Aweme, Manitoba, Canada, June 1, 1912,

Norman Griddle. In the collection of the Illinois State Natural

History Survey.

Paratype. Female; Hay River, Northwest Territory, Canada,

May 16, 1927, R. H. Bedford. Deposited in the Canadian Na-

tional Museum.

Empria improba (Cresson)

Emphytus improhus Cresson, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., vol. 8, Jan.,

1880, p. 11, female.

176

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XII, NO. 4

Empria salicis Rohwer, Can. Ent., vol. 42, May 7, 1910, p. 174,

male, female. New syn.

Empria contexta MacGillivray, Can. Ent., vol. 43, Oct. 4, 1911,

p. 345, female. New syn.

Distribution. Alta., B. C., Colo., Man., Me.

Empria coryli (Dyar)

Harpiphorus macutatus var. coryli Dyar, Jl. N. Y. Ent. Soc.,

vol. 5, Dec., 1897, p. 194.

Empria mellipes Rohwer, Can. Ent., vol. 42, May 7, 1910, p.

175, female. New syn.

Empria caetrata MacGillivray, Can. Ent., vol. 43, Sept. 6, 1911,

p. 305, female. New syn.

The lancet of the saw, not mentioned in the key, has the

ventral lobes raised and pointed basally and bearing no teeth,

fig. 4. The segments are separated by a single row of short

spines, directed basally; these rows run completely across the

lancet on the basal segments but diminish apically until at the

apex they form a narrow brush just above the ventral margin.

Distribution. Ill,, Mo., N. Y., Wis.

Empria maculata (Norton)

Emphytus maculatus Norton, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 8,

1861, p. 157, male, female.

Pcecilostoma convexa MacGillivray, Can. Ent., vol. 41, Nov. 1,

1909, p. 402, female. New syn.

Empria distincta female, Empria suhmacnlata female, Empria

melanostoma male, female, Rohwer, Can. Ent., vol. 42, May

7, 1910, pp. 173-175. New syn.

Monosoma maura Rohwer, Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus., vol. 38, June 6,

1910, p. 204, female. New syn.

Empria callosa female, Empria celsa female, Empria callida female,

Empria caprina, male, female, Empria casta female, Empria

celehrata female, Empria captiosa female, Empria caeca female,

Empria cariosa female, Empria candiduLa female, Empria

canora female, Empria cauta female, MacGillivray, Can. Ent.,

vol. 43, Sept. 6, 1911, pp. 305-311. New syn.

Empria condensa female, Empria cumulata female, Empria curata

female, Empria cuneata female, Empria cupida female, Mac-

Gillivray, Can. Ent., vol. 43, Oct. 4, 1911, pp. 342-346. New

syn.

Empria schwarzi Rohwer, Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus., vol. 41, Oct.

14, 1911, p. 398, female. New syn.

Empria cadurca MacGillivray, Can. Ent., vol. 55, July 6, 1923,

p. 158, male, female. New syn.

OCTOBER, 1936]

ROSS— GENUS EMPRIA

177

Distribution. Alaska, B. C., Calif., Conn., D. C., la.. 111., Ind.,

L. I., Maine, Man., Mass., Md., Minn., Mont., N. B., N. C., N. H.,

N. J., N. Y., Ohio, Ont., Ore., Pa., Que., R. I., Tex., Va., W. Va.,

Wis. : ■

Plate I. Parts of Empria. Figs. 1-8, Saws and their parts.

Figs. 9-10, Clypei. Figs. 11-16, Penis valves.

Subgenus Parataxonus MacGillivray

New synonym: Leucempria Enslin.

Contains only a single nearetic species, characterized by

the yellow inner orbits, and the long flat clypeus.

Empria multicolor (Norton)

Strongylog aster multicolor Norton, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.,

vol. 9, 1862, p. 120, male, female.

Emphytus hullensis Provancher, Add. et Correc. au vol. II, Faune

Ent. du Can., Dec., 1885, p. 25, male. New syn.

Eriocampa superha Provancher, Add. et Correc. au vol. II, Faune

Ent. du Can., July, 1888, p. 351, female. New syn.

Empria carhasea MacGillivray, Can. Ent., vol. 43, Oct. 4, 1911,

p. 341, female. New syn.

Aphilodyctium maculatum Rohwer, Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus., vol.

41, Oct. 14, 1911, p. 408, female. New syn.

178

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XII, NO. 4

Aphilodyctium multicolor erythrogastrum Rohwer, Proc. U. S.

Natl. Mus., vol. 41, Oct. 14, 1911, male, female. New syn.

This species varies considerably in color; the ground color

of the abdomen ranges from yellowish rufous to dark brown,

the legs may be entirely pale yellow or have the apices of the

femora black or blackish and the posterior orbits may be en-

tirely yellow or mostly black. The penis valve, fig. 11, is

slender, with a small subapical tooth. The sa,w has 30 segments

in the lance and 24 in the lancet, a much higher number than

in Empria s. st. The ventral lobes of the lancet have no definite

basal process but are studded with 14-20 small teeth, fig. 7.

Distribution. Alta., Calif., Ga., Mass., Md., Me., N. C., Nev.,

N. H., N. J., N. Y., Ohio, Ont., Ore., Pa., Que., Va., Wash., Wis.,

W, Va.

Another Destructive Death Watch Beetle

Some time ago Mr. Roy Campbell of Alhambra sent me some

specimens of an anobid beetle which had thoroughly honey-

combed the woodwork of an old Spanish bureau. I soon ran

it down to Thaptor oblongus Gorh. but not being satisfied with

Gorham’s description sent specimens to my good friend, Dr.

Blair of the British Museum. He pronounced my material iden-

tical with the type even stating that the type had the elytra

definitely punctate which was contrary to Gorham’s statement.

Thaptor Gorh. is, however, a synonym of Eupactus Lee.

Champion’s efforts to validate Thaptor at a later date, by restrict-

ing it to a limited number of species including oblongus, seems

to me rather a poor effort, seeing that these species only differ

from the others in minor regards. Colymmaderus Solier which

has priority over both names, was based upon a Chilean species

which has antennal characters, as shown by his detailed illustra-

tion, that are not at all congeneric with them. The species should,

therefore, be known as Eupactus {Thaptor) oblongus (Gorh.).

The beetle is undoubtedly very destructive to woodwork in

Mexico and would no doubt prove equally destructive along our

southern border of it should ever become established there. —

Edwin C. Van Dyke.

OCTOBER, 1936]

FALL— CANTHARIS

179

ON CERTAIN SPECIES OF CANTHARIS (TELEPHORUS)

(Coleoptera)

BY H. C. FALL

Tyngshoro, Mass.

Cantharis perpallens Fall, n. sp.

This is the form which in my “Coleoptera of Southern Cali-

fornia” (Occ. Papers, Calif. Acad. Sci. VIII, 1901, p. 122) I

referred with some doubt to the larvalis of Le Conte, which

later on this author concluded, and I think correctly, to be only

a pale form of notatus. Since then I have carefully compared

my Pomona — Pasadena species with the type of larvalis and

find it to be quite distinct therefrom.

Perpallens is entirely yellowish testaceous, length 8 to 9 mm.,

width 2^/4 to 2% mm.; ungual formation the same as in larvalis

{=notatus) , viz — inner claw of front tarsus of male cleft at tip,

with its outer portion obtuse, almost malformed; all the other

claws simple; in female all claws simple. It differs from larvalis

by its larger eyes ( ) , prothorax more gradually rounded at

front angles, these being practically obliterated, entirely pale

coloration (body beneath and occipital spots dark in larvalis),

basal joint of front tarsus in male less dilated, 2nd and 3rd joints

evidently longer than wide (2nd scarcely, 3rd not longer than

wide in larvalis), elytra scarcely tuberculate, the erect hairs

shorter and pallid.

Not rare at Pomona and Pasadena, California, in May and

June by beating willows.

In the table of Telephorus of LeConte’s Synopsis of the

Lampyridae of the United States (1881), four species — divisus,

notatus, lautus and ochropus — are included in Section “E,” which

is characterized by the “anterior claws of all the tarsi toothed

at base, cleft at tip, elytra sparsely tuberculate.” As no dis-

tinction between male and female is mentioned, the implication

is that these characters apply to both sexes. As a matter of

fact divisus alone of the four species mentioned 'conforms to

this diagnosis. In the other three species all the tarsal claws

are simple in the female, and in the males of notatus and

ochropus at least only the anterior protarsal claw is cleft. Lautus

was described from a unique female with yellow legs; the

dark legged males later associated by LeConte with the type

180

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[vOL. XII, NO. 4

probably do not belong there and I have not yet definitely identi-

fied males of this species. There is no very definite tooth at

the base of the claws in any of these three species.

Cantharis lecontei Fall, new name

(C. (Telephorus) collaris || Lee.)

This is given as a variety of impressus {=tuberculatus) in

LeConte’s last table (1881), and is so placed in his box. The

type is a female from Illinois and there is a second example,

also a female, from Missouri. Two females from Southern

Pines, North Carolina, and a pair (59) from Natick, Mass,

in my collection seem almost certainly to be the same as the

LeConte type, and if so collaris cannot possibly be a variety of

impressus, for in this latter the antennae of the male are sub-

serrate and fully two-thirds as long as the body, while in my

Natick male they are much shorter and not in the least serrate.

In the Leng list collaris is made to appear synonymous with

armiger Coup. This cannot be true if, as has long been sup-

posed, armiger is specifically the same as impressus, nor do

the original descriptions warrant such association. Just why

tuberculatus was selected as the proper name of this species

in the Leng list is not clear to me. The description of impressus

takes page precedence over tuberculatus in LeConte’s 1851 paper

and he recognizes this fact in his 1881 Synopsis.

In his early paper on the North American Lampyridae (1851)

LeConte briefly described numerous species of Telephorus,

among them T. pusillus based on a single New York specimen

which he said much resembled T. rectus Melsh. though much

smaller. In his later Synopsis of this family (1881) LeConte re-

ferred this species to rectus as a synonym, and then inadvertently

used the same name, pusillus, for a different species which he de-

scribed as new from Virginia and Georgia. The name of this

later pusillus must therefore be changed.

Some years ago I received from Mr. J. W. Green of Easton,

Pennsylvania, a series of Cantharis of the type of LeConte’s

1881 pusillus. Mr. Green had given his ample material very

careful study, including examination of genitalia, and believed

four distinct species were involved, but it was impossible for

him to determine which was the true pusillus of LeConte as they

all keyed to that species in LeConte’s table. I have in turn

OCTOBER, 1936]

FALL— CANTHARIS

181

carefully studied the specimens sent me and am inclined to

think Mr. Green was correct in his conclusions. The following

tabular statement may enable the student to separate the four

species in question. They are all small slender species, piceous,

with mouth, base of antennae, prothorax, legs, and the lateral

and sutural margins of the elytra pale yellow.

1. Protars al claws of male rather widely cleft; muzzle shorter

in front of eyes ; prothorax in the male usually entirely yellow

or at most with a narrow median posteriorly abbreviated

darker shade; in the female often with narrow median dark

vitta. (Pa.; Conn.) imbecillis Lee.

... Protarsal claws of male finely narrowly cleft; muzzle appre-

ciably longer before the eyes, more noticeably so as a rule in

the female; prothorax entirely yellow in both sexes; average

size a little smaller 2

2. Antennse slightly more slender, distinctly longer than half

the body in both sexes, the median joints more than three times

as long as wide in the male and fully three times as long as

wide in the female 3

... Antennae slightly less slender and preceptibly shorter, espe-

cially in the female, in which they are not appreciably longer

than half the body, the median joints scarcely more than twice

as long as wide in the female and rather less than three times

as long as wide in the male; claws nearly as in mollis, (N. J.)

mimus n. sp.

3. Protarsal claws of male narrowly cleft, the inner part how-

ever, distinctly separated from the outer and perceptibly

shorter; superior plate of genital armature of male very

slightly sinuate at middle of apex. (Pa.; Mass.; N. H.; Conn.;

N. Y.) (pusillus Lee. 1881, not 1851) ..mollis new name

... Protarsal claws of male still more finely cleft, the inner part

approximate to the outer at tip and scarcely shorter; middle

and hind claws similarly more finely cleft than in the pre-

ceding; superior plate of male genital armor rather deeply

emarginate greeni n. sp.

Cantharis (Telephorus) imbecillus Lee.

This species is represented in the Leeonte collection by a

female specimen bearing the name label and therefore to be

considered the type. It carries an orange disk locality label

(Southern States) but no locality is named in the description.

Imbecillis has been referred by LeConte as a synonym of scitulus

and the type so stands in his collection. This I am sure is an

error. The prothorax in imbecillis is distinetly smaller and

182

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XII, NO. 4

less transverse than in scitulus but is quite the same in type as

that in LeConte’s 1881 pusillus. Moreover in scitulus all the

ventral segments are in part testaceous, the claws are more nar-

rowly cleft in the male, the head is more widely pale in front

and the antennae are less slender. That my Pennsylvania and

Conneticut specimens are the true imbecillis is not absolutely

certain but the probability that they are so is great. In LeConte’s

brief description the knees are said to be infuscate. They are

lightly so in the type but I have not observed this in any other

specimen. In the thirteen examples before me the length (head

deflexed) varies from 4.5 to 6 mm.

Localities represented are: Pennsylvania, Montrose and Wind

Gap (J. W. Green), N. Bloomfield (Champlain); Connecticut

(Cornwall, K. F. Chamberlain).

Cantharis mimus Fall, n. sp.

Of this species I have but a single pair bearing label Chats-

worth N. J., VIII-4-28 (J. W. Green). Length 3.9 mm. ($),

4.75 ( 9 ) .

Aside from the antennal character given in the table, a pos-

sible significant feature in both these examples is the very wide

pale sutural stripe, this being at base fully twice as wide and

at apex fully one-half wider than the adjacent dark stripe. This

of course may not prove constant in series. In the male the

ventral apex and in the female the apices of the last four seg-

ments are pale. The male of the above pair is taken as the type.

Cantharis mollis Fall, new name

{'piAsilliis Lec 1881, not 'pusillus Lee. 1851)

A common species from the New England States to Virginia

and perhaps further south. Its western limits are uncertain. It

is on Dury’s Cincinnatti list but not on Wickham’s Iowa list.

LeConte’s type is a male from Virginia and with it is placed

a female from the same state.

The claws of the male are finely cleft but the inner por-

tion is distinctly separa,ted from the outer at the tips. This

character makes separation from imbecillis and greeni rather

easy, but in mimus the slightly shorter and less slender antennae

will have to be relied upon. In the 42 examples before me

OCTOBER, 1936]

FALL— CANTHABIS

183

the length ranges from 4.2 mm. to 5.8 mm., the greater number

being around 5 mm.

The following specific localities are represented in my series.

New Hampshire (Mt. Washington, Center Harbor, Farmington) ;

Massachusetts (Tyngsboro, Lowell, Sherborn, Pepperell, Marion,

Mt. Holyoke) ; Connecticut (Cornwall) ; New York (Peekskill) ;

Pennsylvania (Effort and Lake Pocono, J. W. Green) ; Mary-

land (Mountain Lake Park). Dates of capture range from May

31 to September 14.

Cantharis greeni Fall, n. sp.

The very finely cleft tarsal claws of the male constitute the

chief diagnostic character of this species, and one which with

but little experience is easily appreciated. The two parts of

the claw are more nearly of equal length than usual and though

not in actual contact at tip are closely approximate. The pale

sutural stripe of the elytra is nearly as wide as in mimus and

varies but little in the series at hand. Length 4 to 5.3 mm.

West Virginia (Williamson, VH-9-30, 8 exs., J. W. Green;

Fairmont, 2 exs., P. N. Musgrave).

The type is a male from Williamson.

A Correction

On page 29 of this volume change the name N emocestes

koeheli to N emocestes koebelei. — E. C. Van Dyke.

Notes on Eleodes letcheri and rileyi

In 1902 the writer collected Eleodes letcheri at Verdi, Nevada.

This has remained the only known habitat of the species until

recently when John E. Blum discovered it at Tetonia, Idaho.

Tetonia also yielded Eleodes rileyi Casey whose author gave

Arizona as the type locality. In Bui. 63, U. S. Natl. Mus. the

writer mentions rileyi as possibly occurring in Idaho. — ^F. E.

Blaisdell.

184

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL, XII, NO. 4

STUDIES IN THE MELYRID^, No. 11

(Coleoptera)

BY FRANK E. BLAISDELL, SR.*

The known species of Listrus number 65, many new ones

are coming to hand, to be described when more time can be

given to their careful differentiation. I have already suggested

rules and the modus operandi for their proper study\ The three

new species described below are distinctly different from any

heretofore published:

Listrus minimus Blaisdell, new species

Form small, oblong-subovate, slightly robust, about two and

one-half times as long as wide, widest at about posterior third

of the elytra. Antennee moderate in length, attaining the pos-

terior fifth of the pronotum, somewhat dissimilar in the sexes.

Color black, basal two or three segments of the antennae pale,

femora testaceous to testaceo-piceous; tibiae and tarsi also pale

to slightly suffused with fuscous. Luster dull. Pubescence uni-

colorous throughout, cinereous to slightly yellowish; short, re-

cumbent and moderately dense but not obscuring the general sur-

face; lateral pronotal fimbriae very short.

Head transverse before the post-ocular line, widest across the

eyes and there twice as wide as long; sides not prominent, rapidly

converging anteriorly, antennal insertions somewhat visible from

above; epistoma truncate at apex, angles rounded. Frons feebly

convex, without impressions, sutures slightly evident, finely punc-

tate, punctures separated by a distance equal to one to two times

their diameters. Eyes rather large, facets comparatively small,

numerous, interstices evidently not setose. Antennal segments

quite equal in width, second oval {vide infra under the sexes).

Pronotum widest slightly behind the middle, two-fifths wider

than long; apex broadly arcuate and almost continuously so with

the sides, the latter strongly arcuate behind the middle, feebly

arcuate and more convergent anteriorly than posteriorly, apical

angles sometimes feebly evident; base broadly arcuate and con-

tinuously so with the sides, angles absent; lateral margins finely

denticulate. Disk strongly convex from side to side, rather

declivous antero-laterally, slightly and broadly impressed postero-

laterally in the submarginal area; punctures small, rather dense

and separated by a distance equal to one to two times their

diameters. Base and apex quite equal in width.

* Stanford Medical School and Associate in Research, California Academy

of Sciences, San Francisco, California.

^ Stanford Univ. Publ., Biol. Sci’s, I, No. 3, 1921, p, 140.

OCTOBER, 1936]

BLAISDELL^MELYRID^

185

Elytra oblong-oval, one-half longer than wide, two and one-

half times as long as the pronotum; base feebly emarginate,

humeri rounded, slightly tumid; sides nearly parallel, slightly

divergent to posterior third, thence broadly arcuate and gradually

convergent to the rounded apex, the latter feebly emarginate at

the suture and the angles narrowly rounded, margins finely denti-

culate. Disk moderately convex in the central area, sides pre-

cipitous in basal one-half, gradually and arcuately so toward and

on the apical declivity; punctures slightly larger than on pro-

notum and similarly spaced. Scutellum small and subtruncate

at apex.

Abdomen feebly convex, ventral segments two, three and four

short and quite equal in length. Legs relatively moderate in

length and stoutness.

Male. Somewhat narrower. Antennse slightly stouter than

in the female; third segment small and obconical, fourth and fifth

scarcely subtriangular ; sixth to the tenth inclusive oval to sub-

quadrate, as long as wide and slightly increasing in width;

eleventh elongate obovate, widest at base and narrowing to apex.

Fifth ventral abdominal segment subtruncate at apex.

Female. Slightly broader. Antennas as long as width of

pronotum, slender, last three segments slightly stouter; third

slender and widest at apex, the latter noticeably oblique; seg-

ments four to ten inclusive rounded and submoniliform, as long

as wide. Fifth ventral segment arcuate at apex.

Measurements. (Types.) Length 2 mm.; width 0.8-0. 9 mm.

Holotype, female (No. 4129), and allotype, male (4130),

in the author’s collection. Museum of the California Academy

of Scienees, collected by Mr. 0. N. Sanford in the vicinity of

San Diego, California, during May, about 1882. Four para-

types in the author’s colleetion. The species was submitted

to Thos. Casey and pronouneed a new species. None have eome

to hand in recent years.

Minimus is the smallest known species of Listrus and easily

recognized by the uniform color of the pubescence, without

maculation; the pronotum is transverse with angles broadly

rounded. This species is smaller and less robust than gentryi

described below.

Listrus gentryi Blaisdell, new speeies

Form small and robust, less than two and one-third times as

long as wide. Color black; mouth-parts piceous, basal three or

four segments of antennee testaceous, distal segments nigro-piceous ;

186

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XII, NO. 4

legs rufous. Pubescence dense, not completely obscuring the sur-

face; hairs moderately short, slender and closely recumbent,

plumbeo-cinereous in color, with blackish hairs forming macules

as follows: A small one on the humeral angles; an oval one on

each elytron just before the junction of basal and middle thirds

and nearer the suture than the lateral margins; a marginal semi-

oval macule at middle; a transverse fascia beginning at margins

and interrupted at suture, the inner half of each lateral moiety

enlarged and oval in form, just later ad to which, at middle of

the anterior margin, a short narrow process extends forward for

a short distance; a small, oval macule is also present just behind

the middle of each elytron a short distance from the suture, basad

and mesad to the apex of the fascial process.

Female. Head about twice as wide as long before the post-

ocular line, sides rather rapidly converging and almost straight

to the truncate epistomal apex; frons feebly convex and rather

coarsely punctate, antennse subequal in length to that of the pro-

notum and about attaining its base; slender and slightly incras-

sate distally, second segment suboval, third slender obconico-

cylindrical, fourth and fifth triangular, both slightly prominent

anteriorly, fifth the larger; segments six to ten inclusive quite

equal in length, subtriangularly oval and about as wide as long,

eleventh elongate oval, as long as the ninth and tenth taken

together, nearly twice as long as wide.

Pronotum about one-third wider than long, widest at middle

where the sides are obtusely subangulate, thence the latter are

convergent, straight to feebly and broadly subsinuate both an-

teriorly and posteriorly, margins distinctly serrulate; fimbriee

pale, short and recurved; apex transverse in feeble circular arc,

angles obtuse and not in the least prominent; base broadly and

moderately feebly arcuate, slightly wider than the apex, angles

very obtuse, disk moderately convex and finely punctate, punc-

tures well separated.

Elytra oblong, one-half longer than wide, less than two and

one-half times as long as the pronotum, gradually and slightly

widening toward apical fourth, thence broadly and arcuately con-

vergent, continuously so with the apex, margins distinctly denti-

culate; base wider than the pronotum, humeri well rounded; disk

moderately convex and rather depressed in the central area;

sides precipitous in the humeral region, thence gradually and

arcuately declivous, similarly so apically; surface rather coarsely

and closely punctate. Scutellum somewhat transverse and rounded

at apex.

Abdomen moderately convex, with fifth ventral segment arcu-

ate at apex. Legs moderate in length and stoutness.

Male. Narrower. Abdomen less than moderately convex,

fifth ventral truncate at apex.

OCTOBER, 1936]

BLAISDELL^MELYRID^

187

Measurements. (Types). Length 2. 0-2.5 mm.; width 1.0-1. 2

mm.

Holotype, female (No. 4131), and allotype, male (No. 4132),

in the author’s collection. Museum of the California Academy

of Sciences. Collected in Borego Valley, San Diego County,

California, April 10, 1933, by Mr. H. S. Gentry, to whom the

species is dedicated. Three paratypes in Mr. Gentry’s collec-

tion and one in that of the author. Seven specimens studied,

one accidentally destroyed.

Gentryi is very distinct in its small, robust form, pattern of

elytral maculation and concolorous pronotum. It resembles cer-

tain species of Dasytes and Dasytastes, and from these easily

separated by absence of the pronotal submarginal line and macu-

lation. In Listrus Mots, the lateral pronotal margins are serru-

late and the ungual appen.dages are quite as long as the claws.

The elytra are immaculate in Listrus minimus, punctatus and

ohscurellus. In Listrus martini, rubripes, annulatus and pic-

tipes the elytra are more or less distinctly trifasciate; longi-

collis is a narrow and parallel species with a more or less aeneous

luster; in ornatulus the body is less robust, legs dark, the elytral

pattern more irregular, not sharply defined, and the subapical

fascia is not typically interrupted at the suture. Listrus con-

currens, occurring in San Diego County, is less robust, has the

pronotum densely punctate and the elytra bifasciate at and behind

the middle. Gentryi may follow concurrens in the list of species.

Listrus coalingensis Blaisdell, new species

Form elongate, parallel suboblong to subovate, about three

times as long as wide. Color black with a more or less seneous

tinge; second, third and fourth antennal segments pale; trophi

more or less pallido-piceous; tibiee and tarsi rufous to somewhat

piceous. Pubescence moderately dense, recumbent, not completely

hiding the punctation, cinereous on the upper surface, with that

of the maculse brown to black. Hairs of the elytra slightly coarse

and narrowly subsquamiform, longer on the pronotum, more hair-

like and cinereo-plumbeous on sterna and abdomen, albescent and

very dense on scutellum and parapleuree, similar but finer, shorter

and less abundant on the legs. Maculation variable in the sexes and

usually less defined in the male.

Head widest across the eyes and there quite equal to the pro-

notal length, twice as wide as long before the post-ocular line;

188

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XII, NO. 4

frons broadly and feebly impressed, punctures small, denser

laterally than centrally, intervals not indented except laterally.

Eyes large and very prominent, strongly convex, width of each

as viewed from above equal to one-fourth of the interocular sur-

face. Antennse slender, differing in the sexes, first segment robust

and black.

Pronotum about one-seventh wider than long, widest behind

the middle; apex broadly and feebly arcuate, rounding with the

sides, angles absent; sides most arcuate and prominent behind

the middle, convergent anteriorly and much less arcuate, angles

sometimes marked by a denticle, margins finely denticulate,

fimbriee moderate in length and curved backward and upward;

base broadly and moderately strongly arcuate, more prominent

posteriorly than the position of the angles, more or less slightly

sinuate laterally within the rounded angles. Disk moderately con-

vex, somewhat more arcuate and declivous antero-laterally and

feebly impressed postero-laterally; punctures small and very dense,

best defined centrally and confused laterally.

Elytra rather feebly convex in the central area, arcuately and

abruptly declivous laterally in about basal two-thirds, gradually

and arcuately declivous laterally and apically in about apical third;

base broadly emarginate, humeri rounded and broadly exposed,

discal surface slightly impressed within the umbones, sides straight

and parallel, broadly arcuate and convergent in apical fourth to

the narrowly rounded sutural angles, apices briefly dehiscent.

Margins very finely denticulate, denticles well spaced. Disk rather

densely punctate, punctures a little larger than on the pronotum,

surface more or less finely rugulose.

Under surface of body more or less shining. Abdomen less

than moderately convex, finely and densely punctate. Legs mod-

erate in length and rather slender. Metafemora not inflated nor

arcuately adapted to sides of body, straight and when extended

backward passing slightly beyond the apical margin of third abdo-

minal segment.

Male. Narrower. Pronotum a little wider than long, sides

straighter anteriorly. Elytra about twice as long as wide. An-

tennas longer, extending slightly beyond the pronotal base, distal

segments not incrassate, segments four to seven slightly promi-

nent anteriorly (subserrate) ; second segment oval and a little

longer than wide, third obconical, smallest and twice as long as

wide; four to seven inclusive about twice as long as wide, slightly

prominent anteriorly at about apical third, sixth least so, fifth

and seventh most so, fifth longest and most prominent; segments

seven to ten inclusive quite equal in length and about one-third

longer than wide; eighth, ninth and tenth subtriangular and

nearly as long as wide at apex; eleventh elongate, subfusiform-

oval and twice as long as wide.

OCTOBER, 1936]

BLAISDELL^MELYRID^

189

Maculation dark and more or less feebly defined. On each

elytron consisting of a small humeral macule, a post-basal about

equidistant from suture and scutellum, another at middle about

one-third from base and more or less indefinitely connected with

the post-basal; two irregular and more or less disintegrated

fasciae, one at middle, the other at apical fourth, and a variable

subapical macule. At times the transverse fasciae are distinct,

narrow and zigzag, more or less interrupted at suture and middle

of each elytron. Pronotal dark and central area may be irre-

gularly oval and emarginate anteriorly to slightly four-lobed;

lateral semilunar maculee entire or divided at middle. Fifth abdo-

minal segment not modified but arcuato-truncate at apex.

Female. Broader and sometimes slightly ovate. Pronotum

relatively smaller, about a fifth wider than long; sides more

arcuate and not so noticeably convergent anteriorly. Elytra

somewhat less than twice as long as wide and about three times

as long as the pronotum. Antennse more slender and relatively

shorter, not attaining the pronotal base, not subserrate anteriorly;

segments three and four smallest and subcylindrical, twice as

long as wide; fifth largest and prominent anteriorly, as long as

wide; seventh slightly more prominent than sixth or following

segments; sixth, eighth, ninth and tenth almost as wide as long,

subtriangular as viewed from above and quite circular in sec-

tion; otherwise as in the male.

Maculation more definite and stronger, each elytron with six

more or less circular maculse; usually the fasciee are divided at

suture, the posterior at middle of each elytron and the anterior

obsolescent or feeble in lateral two-thirds or indefinitely con-

tinuous; the subbasal and the lunate macule at basal third may

be obscurely united. More or less atrophy or expansion of the

maculee is normal. Pronotal darker central area may be poorly

defined as in the male or distinct and four-lobed; the lateral

semilunar maculee may be more or less divided at middle. Legs

shorter and less stout; metafemora attaining middle of third

ventral segment. Fifth abdominal segment arcuate at apex.

Measurements. (Types). Length 3. 5-3.0 mm.; width 1.0-1.2

mm.

Holotype, Male (No. 4133), and allotype, female (No. 4134),

in the Museum of the California Academy of Sciences. Col-

lected in Jacalitos Canyon, Coalinga, Fresno County, California,

March 18, 1931, hy E. P. Van Duzee. Thirteen specimens studied:

eleven paratypes, 4 males and 7 females.

Coalingensis is to he differentiated hy the following char-

acters: Males elongate, narrower and parallel; female stouter,

parallel to slightly wider posteriorly. Pronotum of male less

190

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yOL. XII, NO. 4

transverse and noticeably convergent and straighter anteriorly.

Maculation more or less obscurely defined in the male, usually

better marked in the female. Antennae moderately dissimilar

in the sexes. See figures.

By my synoptic table' coalingensis falls near fidelis Casey

and subceneus Casey. I have studied Casey’s types in the National

Museum and made the following notes at the time: Male type

of fidelis has the pronotal darker pattern feeble, but an hour-

glass macule and lateral lunate vittae are discernible, and the

discal punctures are sharply defined and perforate with the in-

terstitial surface smooth in the central area. Antennae slender,

second segment cylindrical and twice as long as wide at apex,

third subequal to second in length and feebly triangular; fifth

a little larger, subtriangular and prominent anteriorly. Habitat

is given as “Cal” without other data.

In subceneus the female type was collected in Contra Costa

Co., and paratypes at Yountville, Napa Co., California. In

this species the maculation is not distinctly defined and evidently

more or less denuded; pronotal punctation densely indentato-

punctate. The antennae were not described in detail by Casey.

These organs are very important in differential diagnosis of

species.

Confusus Casey is small, male not distinctly parallel and the

maculation is very indefinite and often entirely absent. Type

male was taken in the environs of San Francisco. Many species

are more or less local and locality must always be considered.

See synoptic table referred to in foot note. Extricata Casey

occurs in San Diego Co., and is more aeneus, larger and with a

well developed maculation.

- Stanford Univ. Publ., Biol. Sci’s, I, No. 3, 1921, p. 175.

Explanation of figures

Fig’s. 1 and 2. Listrus coalingensis new species, male and

female. Length 3.5 mm.

Fig. 3. Listrus gentryi new species, female. Length 2.5 mm.

Fig. 4. Listrus minimus new species, female. Length 2 mm.

ZIMMERMAN— BRACHYTARSUS

191

OCTOBER, 1936]

BRACHYTARSUS IN CALIFORNIA

(Coleoptera, Anthribidge)

BY ELWOOD C. ZIMMERMAN

To my knowledge only one species of the genus Brachy tarsus

{B. franseria Barrett) has been recorded from California. I have

a series of four specimens collected hy Mr. F. R. Platt at Calla-

han, Siskiyou County, June 13, 1934, that are unquestionably B.

strictus Boheman. The previous western record I had for this

species was Kansas. Mr. L. L. Buchanan writes that the National

Museum has none from farther west than Iowa in the arranged

collection. I have seen four specimens of B. nigromaculatus

Schaeffer labeled “Yuma, Ariz” in the Van Dyke collection.

The three species of Brachytarsus known from California

may be distinguished as follows:

1. Basal Carina of the prothorax bent forward and continued a

short distance anteriorly along the side 2

... Basal Carina of the thorax not bent forward nor continued

anteriorly along the sides; derm and scaling conspicously pale;

southeastern California nigromaculatus Schaeffer

2. Body elongate, subparallel-sided, only one-half as broad as long ;

the basal margin of the prothorax not conspicuously bent

posteriorly at the baso-lateral angles; northern California

..strictus Boheman

... Body rather short, ovoid, almost three-fifths as broad as long;

the basal margin of the prothorax with the baso-lateral angles

distinctly angulate at the sides (bent posteriorly around the

shoulders) ; southern California coast franseria Barrett

P. W. Wolfurm, in Junk and Schenkling’s “Coleopterorum

Catalogus,” part 102, 1929, Anthribidas, records Brachytarsus

beyeri Schaeffer from California. According to Schaeffer’s orig-

inal description this species is from Lower California.

Change of Name

Lepidopus Van Dyke, Pan-Pacific Ent. 12: 2, 1936, pp. 76-77,

being preoccupied, as kindly indicated to me by Mr. Oehser of

the Smithsonian Institution, I now wish to change to Cryptole-

pidus . — Edwin C. Van Dyke.

192

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XII, NO. 4

SOME NEW SPECIES OF LEAFHOPPERS IN GROUPS

FORMERLY INCLUDED IN THAMNOTETTIX*

BY E. D. BALL

University of Arizona, Tucson

Pasadenus limbatus Van Duzee

Van Duzee described Thamnoettix limbatus in 1890 from a

single male No. 612, labeled “California Coquillette”. The

female has never been described. As two closely related species

are at hand, it was necessary to examine the unique type to make

certain which species was the true limbatus. Through the kind-

ness of Dr. Drake and Dr. Knight, this was accomplished.

The female is nearly 6 mm. long and considerably broader than

the male, cinnamon brown, lighter than the male, the apical por-

tion of the vertex paler, the costal margin very broadly creamy

yellow back to the apical cells. All below pale yellow, the female

segment only a little over one-half as long as its basal width, the

posterior margin rounding with two black dashes margining the

ovipositor.

Neallotype $ and seven parallotype females from Saugus,

California, June 7, 1935, taken by P. W. Oman. Neallotype and

three parallotypes returned to him. The holotype has the face

darker than the average of the species, in which it is pale yellow

without markings.

Pasadenus omani Ball, n. sp.

Resembling limbatus but larger with an obtuse vertex and

extremely long genitalia. Cinnamon brown, the males smoky,

with narrow creamy stripes on the costal margins. Length 2

6.5 mm.

Vertex much broader and proportionately shorter than in

limbatus, slightly obtusely angled, the margin thicker than in that

species. Elytra flaring behind, the claval nervures approaching

each other and often touching or joined by a cross nervure, usually

two or more cross nervures between the outer claval and the

suture, while in limbatus the claval nervures are normal and there

is rarely more than one cross nervure to the claval suture. Female

segment one and one-half times as long as its basal width, slightly

narrowing posteriorly, with a definite median notch instead of

* Types in the author’s collection, unless otherwise stated.

OCTOBER, 1936]

BALL— THAMNOTETTIX

193

wider than lon^ and rounding posteriorly as in limbatus. Male

valve very short, plates broad at base, roundinlgly narrowing for

one-third their length, then produced into long, almost parallel

margined, finger-like tips twice as long as the basal part and

slightly divergent at their apices where they fit over the keel of

the pygofers. Pygofers definitely constricted near the middle,

then together forming a triquetrus apex. Color cinnamon brown,

often smoky, pale brown below with light arcs on the front. The

costa narrowly creamy.

Holotype $ , allotype $ , and two paratypes taken by the

writer south of Lebeck, California, June 29, 1934, and twelve

paratypes Mint Canyon, California, July 7, 1935 (Oman). Named

in honor of Mr. P. W. Oman, whose extensive collecting and

careful systematic work have been major factors in the recent

advancement of our knowledge of the Homoptera.

Pasadenus deltus Ball, n. sp.

Form of limbatus Van D nearly, larger with a more sharply

angled vertex. Golden with a triangular compartment at the

apex of the long outer anteapical. Length 5 mm.

Vertex definitely acutely angular, as long as the pronotum.

Elytra with the nervures concolorous, veins of clavus widely sepa-

rated with no cross nervures. The outer anteapical cell long,

obliquely narrowing posteriorly with an oblique cross nervure

that cuts off an apical triangle, only about three extra nervures

along the costa. Male valve longer than in limbatus, obtusely

triangular with apex blunt, the plates together narrower than in

limbatus, triangularly narrowing and then extended into two broad,

finger-like plates that are independently rounding and slightly

divergent at the apex. Their total length about one and one-half

times the basal width, but definitely exceeding the short, blunt

pygofers. Pygofers with the dorsal margin extended as an in-

curved thumb-like projection.

Holotype, male, June 12, 1931, and one paratype male August

1, 1912, taken at Beaumont, California, by the writer.

Cyperana smithi pollicarius Ball, n. var.

Resembling smithi, slightly larger, much broader, with the

black band on vertex broad and broken in the middle and below

the ocelli. Golden orange, the scutellum creamy, the elytra with

a greenish cast above the black tergum. Face golden, the sutures

black around the clypeus. Below black the legs yellow, male

genitalia much larger than in tjrpical smithi. The plates are

194

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL, XII, NO. 4

abruptly cut out on the inside at one-half the length of the valve,

exposing the styles and pygofers. The outer margins thickened

and chitinized into thumb-like black projections, like a pair of

widely opened tongs. Length of $ 5.5 mm.

Holotype, male, and one paratype male taken by the author

at Quiney, California, July 23, 1912.

Cyperana wanakena Ball, n. sp.

Form of smithi nearly, golden with four spots on vertex mar-

gin. Length ? 6 mm.

Vertex narrower, and slightly longer than in smithi, there-

fore, slightly more angulate. Pronotum narrow, inclined to be

elevated posteriorly, exhibiting an exceptionally long scutellum.

Female segment of the stramineus type with the inflated bosses

with about seven corrugations on each side, but much shorter,

three times as wide as long with a deeper, wider median emargi-

nation and a definite obtusely angular median projection. Male

plates of the var. pollicarius type with the internal angles cut

out and in the form of rounding lobes. The long sinuate-margined

styles appearing in the notches. The outer angles of the plates

are broad, mitten-like flaps, hanging down over the pygofers.

Color golden with a reddish cast, the elytra with a greenish

cast on the disc, becoming slightly smoky subhyaline posteriorly.

Face and legs golden, four spots across the vertex margin, the

outer two dots, the inner pair, much larger and slightly crescen-

tiform. Sternum, venter and ovipositor black, sometimes the seg-

ments with a narrow marginal light line. The female segment

is all black, while in stramineus its base as well as the venter is

yellow.

Holotype 9 Wanakena, N. Y., August 12, 1920 (Dr. C. J.

Drake) ; allotype $ and two paratypes Oden, Michigan, August

12, 1906; one paratype Cranberry Lake, N. Y., August 19, 1920

(Osborn and Drake). Paratype in the Ohio State University

collection.

Colladonus tahotus Ball, n. sp.

Resembling januatus, slightly larger, darker brown with two

black spots on vertex. Length $ 5 mm.

Vertex about as in januatus, a little longer compared with

the pronotum. The disc brown, sometimes emphasized as a dark

line against the light anterior margin. Margin rounding over

to the yellow face two large round black spots over the margin

about equidistant from each other and the ocelli. All above

OCTOBER, 1936]

BALL— THAMNOTETTIX

195

back of the vertex reddish or smoky brown. The costa broadly

light, below pale cinnamon.

Holotype, 2, allotype, $, and six paratypes Pine Valley,

California, July 6, 1931, and eight paratypes. Weed, California,

June 27, 1934. All taken by the author.

Elymana ovatina Ball, n. sp.

Resembling inornata Van D., slightly larger, darker green

with a more acute vertex and a pair of concave lines back of

the lateral margins. Length $ 6 mm.

Vertex right-angled, rounding over to the front, a concave

brown arc back of the margin from the ocellus to just back of

the apex on either side and another pair parallel with these just

over the edge. Face with numerous fine brown arcs and a pair

of large black spots below the antennee. Pronotum pale creamy

in front of an arcuated line. Elytra definitely green instead of

subhyaline as in inornata. Female segment twice wider than long,

posterior margin nearly truncate with a broad, blunt, dark-marked,

median projection. In life it is arched over the ovipositor, so as

to appear emarginate. Male plates spoon-shaped, much broader

than in inornata with long, black spines appearing below.

Holotype, 2 , allotype, $ , and thirteen paratypes, August 7,

1935. All taken by the writer in the Santa^' Rita Mountains,

Arizona.

Peritelopsis globiventris (Lee.) Infesting Roots of the

Globe Artichoke

Specimens of the uncommon broad nosed weevil Peritelopsis

globiventris (Lee.) were colleeted on June 30, 1936, feeding on

the roots of the globe artichoke at Davenport, Santa Cruz County,

California. Considerable damage was noticeable to the roots of

several plants affected, but the infestation was very localized and

not of any great economic importance. Dr. Edwin C. Van Dyke

kindly made the determination and reports it as ah uncommon

species of the sand dune areas of the eoast. This inf estation un-

doubtedly was an overlap from native plants in the vieinity. —

W. Harry Lange, Jr.

196

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[vOL. XII, NO. 4

TWO MEALYBUGS OF THE GENUS PUTO

ATTACKING CITRUS

BY S. E. FLANDERS

University of California Citrus Experiment Station, Riverside

Mealybugs of the genus Puto are widely distributed and form

a part of the fauna of the citrus plant. This genus, like Phena-

coccus, is to be distinguished from Pseudococcus by the denticle

on the inner face of the tarsal claws. Puto, however, differs

from Phenacoccus by having all the cerarii surrounded by a

definite chitinized area.

According to Ferris, Puto yuccce (Coq.) is recorded as attack-

ing lemon and lime in California. Recently it was reported on

the roots of young citrus trees in Ventura County by Mr. Lor-

beer, manager of the Fillmore Citrus Protective District. It is

a large species, 5 to 6 mm. long, with a pale body entirely cov-

ered with thick plates of white, cottony wax and fringed with

short, stout tassels; the caudal tassels somewhat longer. The

young resemble minute white rosettes and often cluster together

in cavities in the soil about the roots. No ovisac is formed as

the species is viviparous.

Another species of Puto, probably Puto spinosus (Rob.), is

found on citrus in Australia and India. This species differs

from P. yuccce in lacking the triangular dermal pores and in

having the cerarian spines truncate instead of pointed. Speci-

mens were collected by Harold Compere on citrus at Coonoor,

India, in June, 1932, and by the writer on oranges near Sydney,

Australia, in March, 1931.

These two species differ widely in their external appearance.

The female of the Australian species is a large oval insect, about

the size of Pseudococcus gahani. The body is yellow and the

dorsum sparsely powdered with white wax except on a mid-

dorsal longitudinal stripe. The most striking feature, however,

is the fringe of 34 clusters of glassy bristles. The lateral bristles

equal the width of the body and the caudal bristles equal the

length. Finely spun cottony threads appear loosely woven about

the bristles on each cluster. The base of each bristle appears

to be set on one of the truncate cerariian spines. There are

from 10 to 30 of such spines on each cerarius. The anterior

OCTOBER, 1936]

FLANDERS— GENUS PUTO

197

cerarii, which are the most strongly chitinized, bear the most

spines.

In Australia this mealybug occurred on trees that were also

infested with Pseudococcus gahani, and in about equal numbers.

Like Pseudococcus gahani, this species of Puto is apparently

held in check by parasites. Some of the prepared specimens

show the mandibles of internal parasites.

A NEW FORM OF POLYGONIA HYLAS

BY FRANK CLAY CROSS

Polygonia hylas orpheus Cross, n. form

This form of Polygonia hylas Edwards is not a new form

in the sense of being a new discovery. Indeed Dr. Holland

erroneously pictured it, in his Butterfly Book, as the nimotypical

form of hylas, from which it differs very notably. The typical

hylas is mottled conspicuously on the under surfaces of its wings,

and has a silvery obtuse angle-mark in the center of each sec-

ondary, as pictured by Dr. Comstock in his Butterflies of Cali’

fornia.

The form orpheus, here described, is a uniform purplish dark

gray on the under surfaces of its wings, and the silvery marks

on the secondaries are entirely lacking. Both males and females

exhibit the form.

Holotype, male, taken in Deer Creek Canyon, near Denver,

Colorado, May 31, 1936. This specimen, and one paratype taken

on the same date and in the same place, are in the collection of

the author in the Colorado Museum of Natural History. Four

paratypes in the collection of Mr. F. Martin Brown of Colorado

Springs, Colorado.

This form of Polygonia hylas apparently corresponds to the

marsyas form of Polygonia satyr us, which was classified by

Barnes and Benjamin in their check list, published in 1926, as

a geographic race. Nevertheless both the nimotypical form of

satyrus and the marsyas form may be taken in the same imme-

diate area and in the same seasons of the year, as proved by

my own experience. Therefore if satyrus proper and marsyas

are races which overlap, it may be that one or the other form

of hylas also predominates in certain areas, in which case the

orpheus form should be listed as a race.

198

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XII, NO. 4

DR. NEEDHAM’S MONOGRAPH OF THE MAYFLIES

The Biology of the Mayflies with a Systematic Account of the

North American species. By James G. Needham, Jay R. Traver

and Yin Chin Hsu. Ithaca, N. Y., Comstock Publishing Co., 1935.

759 pages, 40 plates and 168 text flgures.

Dr. Needham has again placed our students under deep obli-

gations by tbe publication of this work on another group of

neuropteroid insects. Part I includes 236 pages of a most inter-

esting and important discussion of the morphology and biology

of this order of insects, bringing together the results of the studies

that have been made in the past both in this country and in

Europe. Part H is a systematic account of all our known North

American mayflies with keys to all taxonomic groups and “veri-

fication” tables of the species, the latter a feature new to the

writer but apparently a most useful one. The descriptions are

ample and the illustrations numerous and most helpful. Assum-

ing the index to be complete the work treats of some 45 genera

and 500 species.

Criticism seems quite out of place in noticing a work as

complete as this, but the policy adopted by the authors of this

work is open to criticism on two points that it seems to the

reviewer should be protested whenever they appear in a sys-

tematic work. First the alphabetical arrangement of the species

leaves the student without a guide to their relationship to one

another. The work will not be complete until the publication

of a systematic catalogue. Second, the acceptance of species

founded on larval characters alone, leaves such species unknown

until a synonym has been made or it has been bred out. The

approval of this system by the International Committee on Zoo-

logical Nomenclature does not justify this custom. The orni-

thologist does not describe a new species of bird from a clutch

of unfamiliar eggs, and no more should an entomologist describe

an insect from an egg or immature specimen. Few insects have a

more interesting life history and the publication of this mono-

graph will serve as an additional stimulus to their study. With

Dr. Needham’s Monograph of the North American Odonata and

that on the Plecoptera, Dr. Betten’s Report on the Trichoptera

of New York State, listing western species, and Carpenter’s Re-

visions of the Mecoptera and the Raphidias, we have a good

beginning toward a knowledge of our Neuropteroid insects —

E. P. Van Duzee.

OCTOBER, 1936]

LINSLEY— CERAMBYCID.®

199

OBSERVATIONS ON THE HABITS OF SOME WESTERN

LONGICORN BEETLES

(Coleoptera, Cerambycidge)

BY E. GORTON LINSLEY

University of California

Although the Cerambycidae is a group that may be of eon-

siderable economic importance, comparatively little is known

of the life histories or habits of a great many of our commonest

western species, and the following random observations may

therefore prove of interest.

Methia and Styloxus

The habits and food plants of our Californian Methiini have

been largely problematical. The adult beetles are rarely cap-

tured (usually at light). Information at hand, however, indi-

cates that the larvae are twig girdlers. A few years ago the

writer reared Methia arizonica Schffr. from girdled branches of

mesquite [Prosopis) and Mr. A. T. McClay has recently estab-

lished the host plants of three additional species. Mr. McClay

reared Styloxus calif ornicus (Fall) from small twigs of live

oak {Quercus agrifolia) and S. hicolor Champ. & Knull as

well as an undescribed species of Methia from California Juniper

{Juniperus calif ornica) . The larval work of these species is

somewhat similar to that of many of the Elaphidionini. The

larvae girdle the small twigs in which they bore, feeding in the

girdled portion. The girdled twigs, when not broken off by the

wind, are very conspicuous against the green foliage of the

tree. When brought indoors and caged, Styloxus usually re-

quires two years to mature. Whether or not this is the normal

development period in nature has not been established.

Atimia dorsalis LeConte

This species has long been known to breed in various cupres-

sine trees {Cupressus, Juniperus, Libocedrus, Sequoia, etc.).

Throughout most of its range there is only one brood each year.

Eggs are deposited in spring and early summer in cracks and

crevices of the hark of recently dead wood and the larvae mine

in the cambium, just beneath the bark, and pupate in the heart-

200

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[vOL. XII, NO. 4

wood. Transformation takes place in the fall and emergence in

the spring. In the coastal area of Southern California, how-

ever, observations made hy Mr. K. D. Sloop and the writer indi-

cate that there are two broods a year. In this region the Mon-

terey Cypress {Cupressus macrocar pa) has been used for many

years as an orchard wind-break and an ornamental shrub. The

largest brood appears in late fall (October and November) and

during these cold months the insects are very abundant upon

the cypress. They usually attack plants which have been weak-

ened by adverse moisture conditions or by barkbeetle {Phlceo-

sinus cupressi) attack, but occasionally injure apparently healthy

trees. The larval habits become somewhat modified when feed-

ing in living trees, and they usually work more deeply in the

wood. So severe has been the attack of Atimia and Phlososinus

in this area that cypress is being largely replaced as a wind-

break by Eucalyptus.

Acmaeops and Cortodera

Very few observations have been recorded upon the habits

of the Lepturini of western United States. Most of the known

species feed in damp decaying wood, a very few in living trees,

but regarding the large group which includes Acmceops and

Cortodera, little has been known. In an attempt to learn some-

thing of the biology of these genera, the writer discovered that

the larvae of two species (A. tumida Lee. and C. spuria Lee.)

feed upon the roots of buttercup, Ranunculus californicus, in

the foothill regions near San Francisco Bay. The young larvae

apparently bore within the roots, but the older larvae roam

freely through the soil, feeding externally. Pupal cells are

formed in the soil an inch or so below the surface. Transfor-

mation occurs in early spring and the adults emerge when the

buttercups are in blossom (March and April). Acmceops tumida

usually appear a week or ten days after the first examples of

C. spuria have emerged, and may be found after the last of the

latter species has disappeared. Adults of both species feed upon

pollen of the buttercup and mating occurs on the flowers of this

plant.

OCTOBER, 1936]

WILiCOX— ASILID^

201

ASILID^, NEW AND OTHERWISE, FROM THE SOUTH-

WEST, WITH A KEY TO THE GENUS STICHOPOGAN

BY J. WILCOX

Division of Truck Crop and Garden Insect Investigations, Bureau of Ento-

mology and Plant Quarantine, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Puyallup,

Washington.

In this paper two genera of robber flies (Asilidae) are de-

scribed as new, three genera are recorded from the United States

for the first time, eight new species are described, and notes

and descriptions of several other species of interest are given.

A key is given to those species of the genus Stichopogon Loew

{Neopogon Bezzi)' that are found in the United States.

This paper is based on material collected in the last few sea-

sons by D. K. Duncan, of Globe, Ariz., and R. T. Kellogg, of

Silver City, N. Mex., to whom I am especially indebted. I am

also indebted to tbe Ohio State Museum, the California Academy

of Sciences, the Museum of Comparative Zoology, the University

of Kansas, Dr. H. A. Scullen of the Oregon State College, Owen

Bryant of Tucson, Ariz., and G. H. Martin, for the loan or gift

of specimens. I also wish to express my appreciation to Marston

Bates for comparing specimens in the Museum of Comparative

Zoology. Unless otherwise noted, the types and paratypes of

the new species are in my collection.

Itolia Wilcox, new genus

This genus is most closely related to Townsendia Williston.

It differs from all other genera of the Dasypogoninae except

T ownsendia by having only four posterior cells, and from Town-

sendia by having the third (ordinarily the fourth) posterior cell

closed and the front but slightly wider at the vertex than at the

antennae.

Face flat, slightly more prominent at oral margin, slightly

diverging below; mystax conflned to oral margin. Front consid-

erably excavated; ocellar tubercle large. First and second an-

tennal joints short, not longer than wide; third joint not quite

as long as first two joints together, slightly coarctate but widest

at base and gradually tapering to apex; style two- jointed, first

joint short, two joints together, including minute spine at tip,

half as long as third joint. Thorax convex, shining and densely

pruinose in part; two rather weak presutural bristles and one

^I am following Bromley (Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., 27: 79, 90, 98, 1934) in

using Stich'.ypogon rather than Neopogon for the American species of this genus.

202

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XII, NO. 4

postalar bristle; scutellum largely shining, with fine hair, no

bristles. Pleuree and coxee mostly pruinose, with rather long, dense

pilosity; hypopleural patch long, crinkly at tip. Abdomen largely

pruinose, with shining areas ; a lateral row of bristles on first seg-

ment; hairs on dorsum short, those on sides somewhat longer.

Male genitalia rather prominent, similar to those of Dioctria;

ovipositor with a circlet of spines at apex. Legs normal; empodium

and pulvilli present. Third posterior cell of wings (fig. 1) closed

and with a minute petiole which does not reach the wing margin;

anal cell similar; anterior cross-vein at about middle of discal

cell; fourth vein continuous with costa or wing margin, posterior

to this the margin of wing membranous.

Genotype: Itolia maculata Wilcox, new species

Named for my wife, Itol Josephine Wilcox, who has collected

or helped to collect many species of Asilidae.

Itolia maculata Wilcox, new species

Male: Length 7 mm. Head black, densely pruinose; mystax,

weak bristles on ocellar tubercle and upper occiput, and hairs,

white. First two antennal joints black clothed with short white

hairs; third joint and basal half of style brownish; apical half

of style and minute bristle at tip yellowish white.

Thorax shining; part of humeri and postalar calli, a broad

central stripe, and a broader lateral stripe on each side truncate

in front and narrowly constricted at transverse suture but not

completely bisected, black; remainder of mesonotum and pleuree

and cox£e, except lower part of mesosternum, a small spot on

metasternum, and anterior half of coxee, densely pruinose; prui-

nose areas bearing white hair, which is more abundant on propleura

and mesopleura; hypopleural hairs long, erect, white, crinkly at

tip. Two weak white presutural bristles and one weaker white

postalar bristle. Scutellum shining black, narrowly transversely

OCTOBER, 1936 ]

WILCOX— ASILID^

203

pruinose at base; a few short, fine, whitish hairs apically.

A-bdomen shining black in ground color, except very narrow

posterior margin of second and third segments, posterior one-third

of fourth segment, and fifth to seventh segments, which are largely

reddish brown; each segment with a broad, interrupted, pruinose

band occupying about posterior two-thirds, narrowly interrupted

on second, gradually increasing in width of separation to fifth,

where the interval is about equal to one-third the width of the

segment; bands on first, sixth, and seventh segments similar to

those on fifth. Hairs and bristles white; about six weak lateral

bristles on first segment; h,airs on sides of first segment long,

those on remaining segments short. Venter largely pruinose, white

pilose. Hypopygium conspicuous, shining, white pilose; hypan-

drium divided and rather broad, each part about twice as long

as broad, somewhat widened apically, basal two-thirds black,

apical third reddish; surstyli reddish, about three times as long

as broad, equal in length to hypandrium; epandrium black, shorter

than the other parts, narrowed apically.

Legs shining; trochanters, basal half of fore and middle

femora, and basal two-thirds of hind femora, except narrowly at

base, black; remainder of femora, and tibise, except tip of hind

tibise, yellowish red; tarsi brown, except base of hind metatarsi

and basal half of other metatarsi, which are yellowish; claws

black, narrowly yellowish white at base; pulvilli white; empodium

yellowish. Hairs and bristles white. Hind metatarsi equal in

length to three following joints; fore and middle metatarsi equal

in length to two following joints.

Halteres brown at base, stem light brown, knob yellowish.

Alulse light brown, margin yellowish, fringe white. Wings clear

hyaline, veins yellowish; anterior cross vein at middle of discal

cell, which is acuminate apically; third vein branching slightly

before apex of discal cell.

Female: Length 7.5 mm. Similar to male. Sixth, seventh,

and eighth abdominal segments without pollen; eighth segment

black; fifth to seventh reddish; spines at tip light brown. Tarsi

and apex of all tibise black.

Types: Holotype male and allotype female, Santa Rita Mts.,

Ariz., June (D. K. Duncan). Paratypes: Two females, Phoenix,

Ariz., August (D. K. Duncan) and Florence, Ariz., VI-24-1932

(D. K. Duncan), in the writer’s collection; four males. Bill Wil-

liams Fork, Ariz., July and August (F. H. Snow), in the Ohio

State Museum; two females, San Carlos Lake, Ariz., August

(D. K. Duncan) and San Carlos, Ariz., VIII-7-1933 (Parker,

Lot 28), in D. K. Duncan’s collection.

In the specimens from Bill Williams Fork the abdomen is

204

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XII, NO. 4

largely yellowish red exeept the sides of the first and seeond

segments, which are brown, and the legs, except the knees, which

are dark brown or black,

Archilestris magnificus (Walker)

This large, truly magnificant species is here reported from

the United States for the first time. A female was collected by

D. K. Duncan at El Oro Mine, Baboquivari Mts., Ariz., elevation

4,000 feet, VIII-17-1932. S. W. Bromley has informed me that

he has seen specimens from Arizona in the collection of the Cali-

fornia Academy of Sciences^ As this species is described by

Back\ no further comments are needed.

Eucyrtopogon limpidipennis Wilcox, new species

Male: Length 6.5 mm. Black; cheeks, palpi, and proboscis

shining; face and front densely covered with gray pollen; front

and vertex with a brownish tinge, especially on the front above

the antennae, Mystax black; hairs above mouth white; a row of

fine erect black hairs on sides of front ; about six long black bristle-

like hairs on ocellar tubercle together with some shorter black

hairs; all but one of occipital bristles yellowish; beard and hairs

of palpi and proboscis white. Antennae black, thinly coated with

gray pollen; first joint about one and one-half times as long as

second, both with fine white hairs, the first with three and the

second with one strong black bristle below; third joint slightly

tapering apically, one and one-fourth times as long as first two

joints together; style two- jointed, acute apically, nearly as long

as third joint.

Thorax largely covered with gray pollen, with a well-defined

geminate central brown stripe and a broader intermediate stripe

bisected by the transverse suture, brown. Hairs rather long, black;

bristles black, two or three presutural, one supra-alar, and one

postalar. Scutellum covered with yellowish gray pollen, with fine

white hairs on the disc, posterior margin bearing six long, black,

bristle-like hairs. Pleurae, except mesopleura, which is pollinose,

covered with gray pollen and white pilose; hypopleural hairs long,

crinkly at tip, all white, except three to five of the hairs, which

are brownish.

Abdomen bluish black, shining; with gray pollen as follows:

First segment at sides; anterior and posterior corners and a nar-

row anterior transverse band divided at middle and not reaching

® These specimens have been seen since the above was written. The data

are as follows: Baboquivari Mts., Ariz., VIII-16-1922, IX-1-1923, IX-15-1924,

and X-1924 (O. C. Polingr), presented by C. L. Fox; and Chiricahua Mts., Tex

Canyon, Cochise County, Ariz., elevation 6,000 feet, IX-13-1927 (J A. Kusche).

* Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., 35 : 216-217. 1909.

OCTOBER, 1936]

WlliCOX— ASILID^

205

lateral margins on second; third to fifth with posterior corners

and anterior transverse band as on second; the sides, broader

apically, and narrowly confluent with anterior hand at sides on

sixth; and the seventh entirely. Hairs and bristles white; about

five lateral bristle-like hairs on first segment; hairs on sides rather

long on dorsum short and sparse. Venter uniformly covered with

gray pollen and white pilose. Hypopygium short, black, shining,

with white and golden pile.

Legs black, hairs white, bristles golden brown; claws black;

pulvilli brown; empodium reddish brown.

Alulge brown, margin yellowish, fringe whitish. Base and lower

stem of halteres brown, upper stem blackish brown, knob wine-

red. Wings hyaline, villi very small and inconspicuous, faintly

brown at base of fifth posterior cell, on anterior cross-vein, at

fork of third vein, and on discal cross-vein. Veins brown, anterior

cross-vein at apical two-thirds of discal cell; third vein branching

slightly beyond discal cross-vein.

Female: Length 7.5 mm. Mystax entirely black. Anterior

band of pollen on third and fourth, abdominal segments narrowly

connected at middle, and on sixth segment nearly obliterated,

absent on seventh with the posterior spots faint; eighth segment

entirely black; spines brown at tip. Branch of third vein in one

wing having a stump of a vein slightly longer than anterior cross-

vein.

Holotype: Male, Grant County, N. Mex., XI-19-1932 (R. T.

Kellogg). Allotype: Female, same data. Paratypes: 12 speci-

mens, both sexes, same data as type; and 11 specimens, both

sexes. Silver City, N. Mex., X-28-1933 (R. T. Kellogg) .

This small species is at once distinguished from all the other

described forms by the anterior bands of pollen on the abdomen.

Eucyrtopogon kelloggi Wilcox, new species

Male: Length 9 mm. Head black; face thinly and occiput

densely covered with gray pollen; front and ocellar tubercle thinly

covered with brown pollen; mystax black, some of lower hairs white

at tip; the rather long hairs along sides of front, numerous long

bristle-like hairs on ocellar tubercle, and occipital bristles, black;

beard, fine hairs on upper occiput, proboscis, and palpi, white. An-

tennse black, thinly pollinose; first joint one and one-fourth times

as long as second and both joints wider than third, which is widest

at base, nearly parallel-sided from basal one-fourth to apex and

one and one-third times as long as first two joints together; style

slightly more than one-half as long as third joint; first two joints

with numerous yellowish hairs, on anterior side the first joint

bearing one strong and two slender, and the second one slender

and two strong, black bristles.

206

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XII, NO. 4

Mesonotum brown, the central stripe shining and divided an-

teriorly by a narrow line of golden brown pollen; intermediate

stripes thinly golden brown, abruptly broadened inwardly before

transverse suture; remainder of mesonotum covered with gray

pollen with a touch of brown when viewed at some angles. Numer-

ous hairs black; bristles black, four presutural, two supra-alar,

and three postalar. Scutellum shining brown on disc, marginally

with gray pollen, with numerous silky white hairs and 10 long

black marginal bristles. Pleurse thinly covered with brownish and

grayish pollen, hairs white; hypopleural hairs long, crinkly at

tip, one-half black and one-half white, the white ones mostly

posterior.

Abdomen shining blue-black, with posterior margins, broadly

interrupted at middle, covered with gray pollen. Hairs on sides

long and white, on the dorsum short and black. Genitalia shining

black, with numerous moderately long brown hairs.

Legs shining black, knees narrowly brownish; coxee thinly cov-

ered with gray pollen. Hairs white; bristles black, some with

white tips; claws and empodium black; pulvilli brownish black.

Alulee brown with wide yellowish margin and fringe of fine

yellowish hairs. Halteres dark brown. Wings unusually long,

largely brown villous except costal, basal and anal cells which are

largely hyaline; a broad hyaline spot at base of first submarginal

cell extending through first basal cell and very narrowly into discal

cell; and a narrow hyaline spot in second submarginal cell extend-

ing through first posterior cell and into second; brown villosity

slightly darker on cross-veins and furcations; veins brown. All

posterior cells broadly open; anterior cross-vein at about two-

thirds distance from base of discal cell; third vein branched before

discal cross-vein.

Female : Length 11 mm. Similar to male. Seventh and eighth

abdominal segments wholly shining black; eight or nine brown

spines atl tip of ovipositor; hairs of ovipositor short and yellowish.

Holotype: Male, Silver City, N. Mex., XI-5-1932 (R. T.

Kellogg). Allotype: Female, same data. Paratypes: 16 speci-

mens, both sexes, same data.

The narrow face distinguishes this from all other species of

Eucyrtopogon except limpidipennis and an unnamed species from

eastern Oregon, it being but little more than one-half the width

of one eye at the antennae, while all other species seen have the

face at least three-fourths the width of one eye. In the unnamed

species from Oregon the male costa is fimbriate, which separates

both species from it; this species also lacks bristles on the first

antennal joint, and the style is nearly as long as the third joint.

OCTOBER, 1936]

WILCOX— ASILID^

207

Stichopogon arenicola Wilcox, new species

Male: Length 7 mm. Black; face and occiput densely cov-

ered with grayish pollen; front, vertex and ocellar tubercle polli-

nose, the last two with a brownish tinge; mystax and hairs white,

mystax confined to oral margin, fine erect hairs numerous on

front; occipital bristles yellowish, five on each side. Antennee

black, thinly covered with grayish pollen; first and second joints

with short white hairs; first joint slightly longer and narrower

than second; third one and one-half times length of first two

together ; style two-thirds length of third joint.

Thorax and scutellum black, densely covered with grayish yellow

pollen; mesonotum with an indistinct broad black central stripe.

Short, fine, white hairs numerous on mesonotum; bristles black,

one presutural, one supra-alar, and one or two postalar; scutellum

with numerous long white marginal hairs; hypopleural hairs long,

about 10 in number, white.

Abdomen black, densely covered with grayish yellow pollen,

at some angles the broad sides, somewhat wider anteriorly, appear-

ing more grayish. Hairs white, numerous, long on sides of first

segment, short elsewhere except for a few of intermedate length

on sides of second segment near base. Genitalia densely covered

with grayish yellow pollen and white pilose, narrowly shining

dark brown basally.

Legs black; coxge densely, and the remaining parts rather

densely, covered with gray pollen. Hairs white; bristles white

except those on last three or four joints of hind tarsi, which are

black; claws black, broadly dark reddish basally; pulvilli and

empodium, brownish.

Lower stem of halteres brown, upper stem and knob yellowish

white. Wings hyaline, veins brown; fourth posterior cell slightly

narrowed apically and with a petiole at base about equal in length

to anterior cross-vein; anal cell closed and short p etiolate; anterior

cross-vein at one-third distance from base of discal cell.

Female: Length 9 mm. Similar to male. Abdomen on sides

with yellowish gray pollen, broader anteriorly and narrowly con-

necting on some segments, remainder with yellowish-brown pollen;

eighth segment entirely covered with yellowish-gray pollen; spines

at tip of abdomen brown, 12 in number.

Holotype: Male, Gila River Valley, San Carlos, Ariz., eleva-

tion 2,700 feet, III-17-1934 (D. K. Duncan). Allotype: Female,

same data. Paratypes: 30 specimens, both sexes, same data

and III-27-1934, 10 of these in D. K. Duncan’s collection. These

specimens range from 6.5 to 9 mm. in length.

Most closely related to S. argenteus (Say) ; differs in that

208

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XII, NO. 4

myatax is confined to oral margin and in the black thoracic

bristles and general yellowish color instead of white.

Stick OPOGON catulus Osten Sacken

Stichopogon catulus Osten Sacken, Biol. Centr.-Am., Dipt., vol.

1, p. 170, 1887.

This species was described from two male specimens col-

leeted in northern Sonora, Mexico (Morrison). As Osten Sacken

omits ai number of the eharacters used today to separate the

speeies of this genus, both sexes are described.

Male: Length 7 mm. Head densely pruinose; mystax and

hairs white; five black occipital bristles on each side. Antennee

black, thinly pruinose; second joint slightly longer than the first,

both white pilose; third joint one and one-third times as long as

first two joints together; style three-fifths as long as third joint.

Mesonotum subshining black, thinly covered with gray pollen

with a suggestion of a broad central, geminate black stripe. Hairs

short, erect, longer on sides; on humeri, on mesonotum between

humeri, and on lateral margins, white, elsewhere black. Bristles

long, black; one presutural, one supra-alar, and one postalar.

Scutellum densely pruinose, with numerous fine white marginal

hairs about as long as scutellum. Pleurs and coxee densely cov-

ered with gray pollen, hairs white; about a dozen long white

bristles in hypopleural row.

Abdomen black; broad sides extending narrowly across anterior

margins of second to fifth segments, sides and broader posterior

angles of sixth and seventh segments, eighth segment and genitalia

entirely, and first segment except the middle basally, covered with

gray pollen. Hairs white on sides and on areas covered with

pollen, short and black on black areas. Venter with a longitudinal

black shining stripe on segments, increasing in width apically;

otherwise covered with gray pollen; hairs white.

Legs black, thinly covered with gray pollen; claws black,

reddish basally; pulvilli brown. Hairs white, on posterior side

of hind tibise and below on tarsi golden; bristles on femora and

tibiee white, on fore and middle tarsi largely white, on hind tarsi

black; a pair of bristles on each side at apex of first and second

joints of fore tarsi and three bristles on these segments of middle

tarsi, very long.

Alulffi largely dark brown with a yellowish margin and fringe.

Halteres largely dark brown, part of stem and knob dull yellowish.

Wings hyaline, veins brown, anterior cross-vein at basal one-fourth

of discal cell.

Female: Length 7.5 mm. Face and front densely covered with

OCTOBER, 1936]

WILCOX— ASILID^

209

golden pollen; occiput above yellowish gray; mystax yellow. Meso-

notum, except humeri and central part of transverse suture, which

is gray, thinly covered with golden pollen; a conspicuous, broad,

undivided black stripe down the middle. Scutellum and coxee

covered with grayish yellow pollen; pleurse pollinose. Pollen of

abdomen grayish yellow, pattern as in male; pollen on sixth and

seventh segments indistinct; eighth segment except anterior angles

entirely covered with pollen; hairs on sixth and seventh segments

black,, on eighth white; about 10 blunt dark brown spines at tip;

venter of ovipositor yellowish red.

Described from a male and female collected at Silver City,

N. Mex., VI-16-1933 (R. T. Kellogg). Additional specimens

with same data as above and V-30-1933; Baboquivari Mts., Ariz.,

April (D. K. Duncan) ; and Sabino Canyon, Santa Catalina Mts.,

Ariz., April (D. K. Duncan).

This species is probably most closely related to S. argenteus,

from which it differs by the black bristles on the occiput, thorax,

and tarsi; the maculate abdomen, and the mystax confined to

the oral margin. Some of the specimens are only 4 mm. long.

Stichopogon fragilis Back

Stichopogon fragilis Back, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., 35: 334-335,

1909.

This species was described from a single female specimen

taken at Alamogordo, N. Mex., April 24, 1902 (H. L. Viereck).

Apparently no other specimens, have been reported; so the male

is described below.

Male: Length 4 mm. Similar to female, with the following

differences : Abdomen from some angles entirely pruinose, but

viewed posteriorly segments I and VIII wholly pruinose and II

to VI pruinose on sides, slightly wider anteriorly; broad dorsum

of these segments dull brownish black with narrow posterior

borders yellowish. Coxee and femora black or dark brown in

ground color, densely covered with gray pollen; tibiee and tarsi

yellowish) except last tarsal joint and hind tibiee apically, which

are brownish, thinly covered with gray pollen. Fourth posterior

cell slightly narrowed but open at wing margin a distance equal

to one and one-half times the length of the anterior cross-vein;

petiole of anal cell equal in length to anterior cross-vein.

Described from a male taken in Pinal County, Ariz., eleva-

tion 2,200 feet, IV-1-1934 (D. K. Duncan).

Additional specimens of both sexes from same locality and

210

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XII, NO. 4

from Florence Junction, Ariz,, IV-7-1934 (D. K. Duncan).

These specimens range from 3 to 5 mm. in length.

The majority of the specimens that are in good condition

agree as to the color of the legs and abdomen as described above,

but there are several in which the abdomen and femora are yel-

lowish, as described by Back. The anal cell is barely closed

at the wing margin in some specimens.

Key to the Species of Stichopogon Loew

1. Scutellum with well-developed marginal hairs or bristles 2

... Scutellum without marginal hairs or bristles 6

2. Occipital bristles black; bristles of thorax and tarsi largely

black; pollen of face and thorax in males white, in females

more or less yellow; sides extending triangularly to anterior

margin of most abdominal segments pollinose; length 4-8 mm.

(Mexico, N. Mex., Ariz.) catulus Osten Sacken

... Occipital bristles white 3

3. Tibias and tarsi largely yellowish; bristles largely white; sides

and anterior corners of abdomnal segments pruinose, remainder

of segments brown, narrowly yellowish apically; length 3-5

mm. (N. Mex., Ariz.) fragilis Back

... Legs entirely black 4

4. Tarsal bristles largely black; abdominal segments I, IV, and

VIII pruinose, remaining segments largely black except that

in the female segment VII is largely white; thoracic hairs and

bristles white; length 8-11 mm. (Calif.) coquilletti (Bezzi)

... Tarsal bristles largely white; abdomen wholly covered with

pollen 5

5. Thoracic bristles black; mystax confined to oral margin; thorax

and abdomen yellowish pollinose; length 6-8 mm. (Ariz.)

arenicola n. sp.

... Thoracic bristles white; mystax more abundant and extending

upwards on face somewhat; thorax and abdomen whitish prui-

nose; length 6-8.5 mm. (Atlantic States, 111., Mich., Kans.,

Colo., Calif.?) argenteus (Say)

6. Legs black; fourth posterior cell not petiolate at base 7

... Base of the tibias reddish; fourth posterior cell at least short

petiolate at base 8

7. Short hairs of mesonotum largely white; in females segments

I, VII, and VIII of abdomen and in males segments I and VIII

and genitalia almost wholly pruinose, remaining segments

with transverse blackish spots enclosed by whitish pollen;

thoracic bristles white; length 9-10 mm. (Utah)

...., salinus (Melander)

... Short hairs of mesonotum largely black; segments I, IV, and

OCTOBER, 1936]

WILCOX— ASILID^

211

VIII of abdomen and genitalia wholly pruinose, remaining

segments largely velvety black; thoracic bristles usually at least

partly black; length 9.5-14 mm. (widespread in East., Wash.,

Oreg., Calif., Ariz., N. Mex., Colo., Mont., Tex., Utah,

etc.) (snowii Bezzi®) trifasciatus (Say)

8. Abdomen largely reddish, anterior and posterior margins of

segments 1-4 narrowly pruinose, anterior margin of segments

III and IV more prominently so, segments I-IV with sides

pruinose; length 6-8 mm. (widespread east of Rocky Moun-

tains) abdominalis Back

... Abdomen pruinose, segments I- VII with triangular black spots,

dorsum with golden brown bloom; length 8-11 mm. (Tex.)

...colei Bromley®

Saropogon aridus Curran

Saropogon aridus Curran, Am. Mus. Novitates No. 425, p. 3,

1930.

This species was described from a single male specimen col-

lected at Black Dike Prospect, Sierritas, Ariz., July 26-29, 1916

(F. E. Lutz). The female is described below.

Female: Length 12 mm. Head black in ground color; mystax,

frontal and upper occipital bristles, and beard and hairs of pro-

boscis whitish; hairs on palpi and below on first two antennal

joints and ocellar and shorter intermediate bristles on occiput

black. First and second antennal joints subequal in length, each

about twice as long as broad; third joint one and one-fifth times

as long as first two joints together; style very short, hardly more

than one-tenth as long as third joint and barely distinguishable

from it, rounded apically, concave behind.

Thorax black in ground color, apparently pruinose but greased

in this specimen; bristles white. Scutellum black, with two pairs

of short marginal bristles about one-third as long as scutellum,

two of the three now present are whitish, the other one black.

CoxEe pruinose, hairs white; hypopleural bristles partly black and

white.

First, basal one-fourth of second, and seventh and eighth abdo-

minal segments, black, the remainder reddish brown; the first

segment and the venter, which is black, densely covered with gray

pollen; remainder of abdomen shining. Hairs and lateral bristles

on first segment whitish ; spines at apex brown.

Legs shining black, apical two-thirds of hind femora except

tip, reddish brown. Hairs and bristles whitish except on tarsi.

® Pan-Pac. Ent. 10 : 84, 1934.

“ Ann. Ent. Soc. Am. 27 : 82, 1934. Couplet 8 taken from Bromley’s key.

212

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[vOL. XII, NO. 4

where they are partly black; claws black, narrowly brownish at

base; pulvilli light brown; empodium brownish.

Halteres yellowish red. Wings light brown, darker on anterior

third; veins brown; anal and fourth posterior cells narrowly open;

anterior cross-vein at five-ninths distance from base of discal cell.

Described from a female taken in Santa Cruz Valley, 11 miles

north of Nogales, Ariz., elevation 4,000 feet, VIII-12-1932 (D. K.

Duncan) .

Also a male and female specimen on hand from the follow-

ing localities: Male, Huachuca Mts., Ariz., VIII-1-1927 (L. D.

Anderson) ; and female, Santa Rita Mts., Ariz., VII-25-1927

(R. H. Reamer) ; in the collection of the University of Kansas.

The females of this species could be confused only with

females of abbreviatus Johnson. The entirely reddish legs and

the black lateral margins of the abdominal segments of abbrevia-

tus, however, should readily separate it from aridus. The bristles

on the scutellum are also shorter and more numerous in

abbreviatus.

The presence of an antennal style has not been generally used

to separate Saropogon from Diogmites {Deromyia auct.). All

the species of Saropogon from the United States that I have seen

possess an antennal style; in most species it is smaller than the

third joint and easily seen, but in abbreviatus and aridus it

is of the same size as the third joint and not plainly differ-

entiated from it.

To be concluded in the January, 1937, number.

The numbers of volume XII of the Pan-Pacific Entomologist

were mailed on the following dates: No. 1, March 20, 1936; No.

2, May 15, 1936; No. 3, September 1, 1936; No. 4, December

15th, 1936.

OCTOBER, 1936]

INDEX TO VOLUME XII

213

Acmoeodera connexa, 50.

Acmasops tumida Lee., 200

Agopostemon californicus

Crwfd., 172.

Anchitelus V-Dyke, 19.

alboviridis V-Dyke, 19.

Adela flammeusella, 50.

Andrena ablusula Ckll., 135.

acrypta Vier., 140.

angustella Ckll., 136.

angustitarsata Vier., 145.

anisochlora Ckll., 137.

auricoma Smith, 138.

Candida Smith, 138.

carliniformis V. & C., 138.

ceanothina Ckll., 138.

cercocarpi Ckll., 140.

complexa Vier., 140.

ccerulea Smith, 140.

epileuca Ckll., 141.

erecta Vier., 141.

erigenoides, 140.

fulvihirta V. & C., 141.

limaria Vier., 142.

lupini Ckll., 142.

manitouensis V. & C., 143.

micranthophila Ckll., 143.

nitidicornis Ckll., 144.

nudiscopa Vier., 145.

opacibasis Ckll., 146.

opaciventris Ckll., 147.

orthocarpi Ckll., 147.

pronitens Ckll., 148.

ripariella Ckll., 148.

semotula Ckll., 149.

solutula Ckll., 150.

m. subalia Ckll., 143.

transnigra Vier., 151.

vandykei Ckll., 151.

viridinitens Ckll., 152.

w-scripta Vier., 153.

zygadeni Ckll., 153.

Anoamyia javana Jms., 86.

Anthophora californica Cress.,

163.

ignava Cress., 163.

infernalis D. T., 163.

simillima Cress., 164.

Aphididas, 65, 72.

Apterobittacus apterus, 50.

Aradus cinnamomeus, 52.

Aragnomus setosus V-Dyke, 30.

Archilestris magnificus Walk.,

204.

Argyresthia franciscella, 54.

Asilidas, 201.

Ashmeadiella altadenae Mchn.,

63.

biglovige Ckll., 58.

cockerelli Mchn., 62.

clypeodentata Mchn., 57.

florissantensis Mchn., 62.

heematopoda Ckll., 58.

lateralis Mchn., 60.

maxima Mchn., 61.

rhodopus Mchn., 59.

timberlakei Mchn., 56.

Atimia dorsalis Lee., 199.

helenas, 55.

Augochlora pomoniella, Ckll.,

172.

Aulicus terrestris, 52.

Australian Entomology, 64.

Bailey, S. F., note by, 90.

Bailey, S. F., paper by, 97.

Ball, E. D., paper by, 192.

Banasa sordida, 54.

Beamer, R. H., note by, 55.

Beamer, R. H., paper by, 7.

Bees, 56, 133, 165.

Belomicrus franciscus Pate, 3.

Blaisdell, F. E., notes by, 120,

183

Blaisdell, F. E., paper by, 184.

Bohart, R. M., paper by, 9.

Bombus californicus Sm., 164.

vosnesenskii Rad., 164.

Brachytarsus franseria Barr.,

191.

nigromaculatus Schf., 191.

strictus Boh., 191.

Brothylus conspersus, 52.

Bruner, L., personals, 32.

Buchanan, L. L., paper by. 111.

Callibeetis hebes Upholt, 120.

Calladonus tahotus Ball, 194.

Canova, M. F., paper by, 126.

Cantharis greeni Fall, 183.

imbecillus Lee., 181.

lecontei Fall, 180.

mollis Fall, 182.

mimus Fall, 182.

perpallens Fall, 179.

pusillus Lee., 182.

Carpocapsa cupressina, 55.

Cazier, M. A., paper by, 123.

Chlorochroa sayi Stal., 18.

Chrysophana placida, 52.

Cicadellidas, 116, 192.

214

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[vOL. XII, NO. 4

Cicindela plutonica Csy., 123.

p. leachi Caz., 124.

Cimbocera cazieri V-Dyke, 73.

Climaciella b. occidentis, 50.

Cockerell, T. D. A., paper by,

133.

Colaspis oregonus, 54.

Collecting notes, 49.

Copodita bicolor, 54.

Cortodera spuria Lee., 200.

Cossonus americanus Buchn.,

112 .

pacificus V-Dyke, 114.

rufipennis Buchn., 114.

Cross, F. C., paper by, 197.

Cryptolepidus V-Dyke, 191.

Cryptotermes brevis Walk., 125.

darwini Light, 126.

piceatus Snyd., 126.

pseudobrevis Fuller, 125.

Cyperana s. pollicarius Ball, 193.

wanakena Ball, 194.

Darlington, P. J., paper by, 33.

Dasymutilla albiceris Mckl., 91.

atricauda Mckl., 92.

dammersi Mckl., 94.

heliophila Ckll., 94.

mimula Mckl., 94.

Diandrena chalybioides Vier.,

153.

cyanosoma Ckll., 155.

marinensis Ckll., 153.

nothocalaidis Ckll., 155.

parachalybea Vier., 154.

perchalybea Vier., 154.

purdyi Ckll., 155.

Dikraneura aegra Beam., 55.

mera Beam., 7, 55.

santana Beam., 8.

Dorytomus nubiculinus Csy., 103.

Dracotettix p. californicus, 50.

Dyotopasta yumaella Kearf., 103.

Eleodes letcheri Blsd., 183.

rileyi Blsd., 183.

Elymana ovatina Ball, 195.

Embia californica, 50.

Emphoropsis depressa Fowl.,

164.

murihirta Ckll., 164.

Empria, key, 173.

coryli Dyar, 176,

ignota Nort., 174.

improba Cress., 175.

maculata Nort., 176.

multicolor Nort., 177.

nordica Ross, 175.

obscurata Cress., 174.

Enoclerus cupressina, 55.

Ephemeridse, 120, 198.

Eschatomoxys wagneri Blsd.,

120 .

Esselenia vanduzeei, 52.

Essig, E. O., note by, 72.

Essig, E. 0., paper by, 65.

Essig, E. 0., personals, 72.

Eucyllus, key, 31.

echinus V-Dyke, 31.

unicolor V-Dyke, 32.

Eucyrtopogon kelloggi Wilcx.,

205.

limpidipennis Wilcx., 204.

Eupactus oblongus Gorh., 178.

Euparyphus flaviventris Jms.,

89.

pardalinus Jms., 87.

sabroskyi Jms., 88.

vanduzeei Jms., 89.

Fall, H. C., paper by, 179.

Ferris, G. F., review by, 64.

Flanders, S. E., paper by, 196.

Fullawayella formosana Takh.,

72.

Gammarotettix bilobatus, 50.

Gastrodes conicola, 52.

Geoderces, 22.

Gerhardiella delicata, 50.

Halictus allonotus Ckll., 156, 169.

cooleyi Crwfd., 156, 169.

cyanurus Ckll., 157.

euryceps Ellis, 158, 170.

farinosus Smith, 158, 168.

helianthi Ckll., 170.

humboldtensis Mchn., 166.

kincaidii Ckll., 168.

lerouxi Lep., 170.

ligatus Say, 169.

lupinelli Ckll., 158, 170.

marinensis Mchn., 167.

meliloti Ckll., 169.

mendocinensis Mchn., 167.

nigrescens Crwfd., 159, 168.

olympise Ckll., 169.

orthocarpi Ckll., 159, 171.

OCTOBER, 1936]

INDEX TO VOLUME XII

215

Halictus pilosellus Ckll., 160.

robustus Crwfd., 169.

sequoicB Mchn., 165.

titusi Crwfd., 169.

tracyi Ckll., 161, 170.

trizonatus Cress., 168.

Haltica bimarginata Say, 44, 55.

Hesperorhipis albofasciatus.

Fall, 110.

Hopping, R., paper by, 45.

Hormorini V-Dyke, 80.

Hylasus cressoni Ckll., 164.

nunenmacheri Bridw., 164.

Ipochus fasciatus, 119.

Ischnorrhynchus obovatus, 54.

Itolia Wlcx., 201.

maculata Wlcx., 202.

James, M. T., paper by, 86.

Krisna insularis Oman, 118.

Lange, W. H., note by, 195.

Lepidopus V-Dyke, 76, 191.

nevadicus V-Dyke, 77.

parvulus V-Dyke, 78.

Lepturini of Oregon, 126.

Light, S. F., paper by, 125.

Linsley, E. G., notes by, 110.

119.

Linsley, E. G., papers by, 49,

199.

Listrus coalingensis Blsd., 187.

gentry! Blsd., 185.

minimus Blsd., 184.

Lupinocolus V-Dyke, 81.

blaisdelli V-Dyke, 82.

Macropogon, key, 45.

piceus Lee., 48.

rubricollis Pic, 48.

sequoiae Hop., 46.

testaceipennis Mots., 47.

Macrosiphum adenocaulonae

Essig, 65.

scoliopi Essig, 68.

Mayflies, book on, 198.

McKenzie, H. L., notes by, 18,

96.

Melicleptria pulchripennis, 50.

Methia arizonica Schf., 199.

Michener, C. D., papers by, 56,

165.

Mickel, C. E., paper by, 91.

Micromyzus alliumcepa Essig,

72.

Miloderoides V-Dyke, 74.

maculatus V-Dyke, 76.

Mitostylus elongatus V-Dyke,

83.

Moulton, D., paper by, 104.

Musgrave, Rev. of book, 64.

Mutillidse, 91.

Myzus langei Essig, 70.

Needham, J. G., book by, 198.

Nemocestes V-Dyke, 22.

horni V-Dyke, 25.

incomptus Horn, 25.

koebelei V-Dyke, 29, 183.

longulus V-Dyke, 26.

montanus V-Dyke, 27.

puncticollis Csy., 28.

sordidus V-Dyke, 26.

tuberculatus V-Dyke, 28.

Neonirvana Oman, 116.

hyalina Oman, 117.

Odonaspis ruthse Kot., 96.

Oman, P. W., paper by, 116.

Osborn, H., personals, 32, 90.

Osmia lignaria Say, 54, 135.

Oxybelus q. montanus Rob., 1.

Panscopus coloradensis V-Dyke,

80.

Panurginus melanocephalus

Ckll., 162.

nigrellus Crwfd., 162.

Par ataxia uniformis V-Dyke, 79.

Pasadenus deltus Ball, 193.

limbatus E. P. V., 192.

omani Ball, 192.

Peripsocus californicus, 52.

Peritelinus, key, 20.

erinaceus V-Dyke, 20.

oregonus V-Dyke, 21.

Peritelopsis globiventris Lee.,

195.

Phloeosinus variolatus, 55.

Polieenus albidus, 50.

Polygonia h. orpheus Cross, 197.

Puto, spinosus Rob., 196.

yucese Coq., 196.

Raphidostoma Ckll., 133.

ceanothi Ckll., 134.

Reticulitermes hesperus, 50.

Rhantus, 6.

Rhinomacer comptus, 52.

Ross, H. H., paper by, 172.

Saperda horni Jtl., 119.

Saropogon aridus Curr., 211.

Scale insects, 96.

Semanotus cupressi, 55.

216

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XII, NO. 4

Stenomorphus, key to, 35.

alius Dari., 37.

angustatus Dej., 37.

braziliensis Dari., 38.

californicus Men., 39.

convexior Notm., 36.

dentifemoratus Chd., 35.

manni Dari., 38.

pencillatus Dari., 36.

sinalose Dari., 37.

Stereogaster V-Dyke, 84.

globosa V-Dyke, 85.

Stichopogon, key, 210.

arenicola Wlcx., 207.

catulus 0. S., 208.

fragilis Back, 209.

Stratiomyidge, 86.

Sty lops, key, 9.

cuneiformis Bohrt., 16.

medionitans Pierce, 12.

pacificus Bohrt., 15.

timberlakei Bohrt., 14.

vandykei Bohrt., 11.

Styloxus californicus Fall, 199.

bicolor C. & K., 199.

Synaphoeta guexi Lee., 119.

Termites, 125.

Tetyra robusta, 54.

Thamnotettix, 192.

Thaptor oblongus Gorh., 178.

Thrips anemonensis Mltn., 107.

dianthi Mltn., 104.

frosti Mltn., 107.

fuscus Mltn., 108.

gracilis Mltn., 105.

gramineae Mltn., 106.

h. impatientis Mltn., 109.

lathyri Mltn., 106.

mucidus Mltn., 105.

taraxaci Mltn., 109.

Thysanoptera, 90, 97, 104.

Tinea defectella, 52.

Ting, P. C., note by, 55.

Trachykele hartmanni, 55.

Trichochrous antennatus Mots.,

Trigonoscuta imbricata V-Dyke,

83.

Upholt, W. M., paper by, 120.

Usinger, R. L., paper by, 49.

Van Duzee, E. P., note by, 90.

Van Duzee, E. P. review by, 198.

Van Duzee, E. P., personals, 8.

Van Dyke, E. C., notes by, 8,

32, 44, 103, 178, 191.

Van Dyke, E. C., papers by, 19,

73.

Vandykea tuberculata, 55.

Wilcox, J., paper by, 201.

Williams, F. X., papers by, 1, 6.

Zimmerman, E. C., paper by,

191.

THE

Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Published by the

Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in co-operation with

The California Academy of Sciences

VOLUME TWELVE

1936

San Francisco, California

1936

CONTENTS OF VOLUME XII

Bailey, Stanley F.

Our knowledge of California Thysanoptera previous

to 1900 97

Ball, E. D.

Some new Species of Leafhoppers in groups formerly

included in Thamnotettix 192

Beamer, R. H.

Two new Dikraneura from the Southwest 7

Blaisdell, Frank E., Sr.

Studies in the Melyridae, XI 184

Bohart, Richard M.

A Preliminary Study of the Genus Stylops in Cali-

fornia, I, 9

Buchanan, L. L.

The Pacificus group of Cossonus Ill

Canova, M. F.

An Annotated List of the Lepturinae of Oregon 126

Cazier, Mont A.

Notes on Cicindela plutonica Casey with Description

of a new subspecies 123

Cockerell, T. D. A.

Bees from Northern California 133

Cross, Frank Clay

A New Form of Polygonia hylas 197

Darlington, P. J., Jr.

The Species of Stenomorphus, with data on Hetero-

gony in S. californicus 33

Essig, E. 0.

New California Aphididae 65

Flanders, E. E.

Two Mealybugs of the Genus Puto attacking Citrus 196

Fall, F. C.

On certain species of Cantharis 179

Hopping, Ralph

A Revision of the genus Macropogon 45

Ill

James, Maurice T.

New Stratiomyidae in the collection of the California

Academy of Sciences 86

Light, S. F.

A Tropical Termite in California 125

Linsley, E. Gorton

Observations on the habits of some western Longicorn

beetles 199

Linsley, E. G. and Usinger, R. L.

Insect collecting in California, II, Foothill Regions 49

Michener, Charles D.

Some Bees of the genus Ashmeadiella 56

On certain Halictidae from Northern California 165

Mickel, Clarence E.

Descriptions and Records of California Mutillidae 91

Moulton, Dudley

New Thysanoptera belonging to the genus Thrips 104

Oman, P. W.

Two new leafhoppers from Tropical America 116

Ross, Herbert H.

The Sawfly genus Empria in North America 172

Upholt, W. M.

A New Species of Mayfly from California 120

Van Dyke, Edwin C.

New Species of North American Weevils in the family

Curculionidae, subfamily Brachyrhininae IV, V 19, 73

Wilcox, J.

Asilidae, New and Otherwise, from the Southwest, with

a key to the genus Stichopogon 201

Williams, Francis X.

Notes on two Oxybelid Wasps in San Francisco,

California 1

Two Water Beetles that lay their eggs in the frothy

egg masses of a frog or tree toad 6

Zimmerman, Elwood C.

Brachytarsus in California 191

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