Vol. XIII

January- April, 1937

Nos. 1-2

THE

Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Published by the

Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in co-operation with

The California Academy of Sciences

CONTENTS

WILLIAMS, NOTES ON THE BIOLOGY OF GYNACANTHA NERVOSA 1

BEQUAERT, A STUDY OF ODYNERUS HIDALGO 9

LIGHT, TERMITES FROM CEYLON AND JAVA 15

VAN DUZEE, A FEW NEW HEMIPTERA 25

Delong, some new deltocephaloid leafhoppers 32

Delong, genus chlorotettix, notes on synonymy 34

COLLECTION OF HISTORICAL MATERIAL.... 36

WILCOX, ASILID^, NEW OR OTHERWISE (Continued) 37

BOHART, THE GENUS STYLOPS IN CALIFORNIA 49

KESSEL, LIFE HISTORY OF GAURAX ARANEiE 58

HOVANITZ, NOTES OF ARGYNNIS SKINNERI 60

JAMES, THE GENUS COMANTELLA 61

HATCH, NOTE ON THE COLEOPTERA FAUNA OF ALASKA 63

PHILIP, NEW TABANID^ FROM SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES 64

ROSS, A NEW SPECIES OF DENDROPHILUS 67

TIMBERLAKE, NEW SPECIES OF ANDRENA 69

LINSLEY AND MICHENER, NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF BEES 75

WHITE, NOTE OF AGABUS LINEELUS 84

UPHOLT, TWO NEW MAYFLIES FROM THE PACIFIC COAST 85

CROSS, A NEW RACE OF PLEBEIUS SCUDDERI 88

BAILEY, THE JONES COLLECTION OF THYSANOPTERA 89

CAZIER, A NEW CALIFORNIA OMUS 94

BLAISDELL, A THIRD NEW SPECIES OF CENTRONOPUS 95

San Francisco, California

1937

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

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Published at the California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park,

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Entered as second class matter, February 10, 1925, at the postoffice at

San Francisco, California, under Act of August 24, 1912.

The Pan-Pacific Entomologist

VOL. XIII, No. 1 and 2 January and April, 1937

NOTES ON THE BIOLOGY OF GYNACANTHA NERVOSA

RAMBUR (AESCHNIN^), A CREPUSCULAR

DRAGONFLY IN GUATEMALA

BY FRANCIS X. WILLIAMS

Honolulu, T. H.

One of the most interesting dragonflies found in Guatemala

is Gynacantha nervosa, a large somber brownish species (Fig. 1,

male) with some green markings particularly at the base of the

abdomen and on the back between wings that expand to some-

what more than four inches. Light and airy, with a slender body

and wings relatively ample, it is well fitted for a very rapid

flight. Appearing mainly towards dusk and at dawn, Gynacantha

passes the bright hours of the day in some shady wood or in

areas under cultivation, among suflBciently dense plant growth,

resting alertly head up, its clawed feet gripping some leaf, twig

or other support. Sometimes a dull sky will tempt it from its

place of concealment earlier than usual, but it is sure to be seen

towards sunset a little before the bats and nocturnal insects

bestir themselves, remaining on the wing until the fireflies are

twinkling in the gathering obscurity. It is seen to less advantage

at sunrise.

During one of my earliest sunset walks alongside a small

field planted to several varieties of sugar cane, a few of these

dragonflies were observed flying low and in a swift undulatory

manner over a narrow and then unusued irrigation ditch that

hugged the edge of the field. Now and then one of these insects

would dart upwards and then descend to its “beat”, or another

would steal between the cane rows, while another still, rising

in air, would pursue its rapid wavy course over the cane tops

and into the fading sunset. From time to time and with some

difficulty a specimen was captured, for purposes of identifica-

tion, by a scoop of the net from the rear. In my observations

extending from April to July, 1934, at El Salto, Escuintla, no

other species of crepuscular dragonfly was noted. Other species

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yOL. XIII, NOS. 1-2

of i^lschnine dragonflies that fly about during the day frequently

remain on the wing until dusk when many small insects are

flying about. In this subfamily, to quote G. Ting-wei Lew (Ent.

Americana, XIV, 1933, page 42), “The enlargement of the eyes

reaches its maximum development”. In the family Libellulidae

we find the species of Neurocordulia (Corduliinae) of crepuscular

habit.

Besides patronizing the edge of the cane field, Gynacantha

was seen patrolling many other places. Several individuals were

observed flying over a stream to which they were most probably

attracted by the small mayflies (Ephemerida) that were rising

slowly and steeply from it. Along an open trail some half dozen

of these dragonflies were flying back and forth concentrating about

an area when a nuptial flight of small ants was taking place.

The insect may also fly at some height alongside trees that skirt

a wood, and not infrequently appears about verandas if food

is there available. Early in the evening of April 24, 1934, sev-

eral of these dragonflies were flying about the peak and end

wall of a building. They were evidently preying upon winged

termites that issued in numbers from the wall, seizing these

weakly-flying insects and eating them on the wing so that a thin

shower of termite wings floated to the ground. A few days later,

observations were made on the early morning flight of this

dragonfly. May 1, at 5:21 a. m., I saw my first Gynacantha,

an obscure gray object flying low over the running water of

ihe little ditch alongside the cane field. At 5:35 in the pink

dawn, the sun’s rays were just striking the three great volcanic

peaks of Agua, Fuego and Acatenango. At 5:44 a female Gyna-

cantha was flying about as if seeking a place to lay her eggs.

Sunrise over the adjoining meadow revealed innumerable little

insects, many of which were ants, swarming in the air and from

time to time large dragonflies, of which some were apparently

Gynacantha, zigzagged swiftly among these insects.

By visiting the margin of the cane field, evening after eve-

ning, a few Gynacantha were observed inserting their eggs in

the ditch bank. Several eggs were thus obtained and one dragon-

fly thereby reared to maturity. A female about to oviposit is

very wary, and a note of April 18, will well illustrate this point.

At 5:57 p. m. a Gynacantha was cautionsly inspecting an area

along the small waterless ditch that bordered the cane field. She

JAN. -APRIL, 1937]

WILLIAMS— GYNACANTHA

flew back and forth over this space, hovered with motionless

body, darted forward and hovered again. Finally, alighting in

the side of the ditch, she curved the abdomen forward and

beneath her and applied its extremity to the soil. She remained

working thus with outspread wings for less than a minute when,

notwithstanding my caution and ample distance, she dashed off.

At another date when the ditch contained flowing water, one was

observed laying her eggs in soil well above the water line.^ The

* Williamson, E. B, (Univ. Mich. Mus. Zool., Misc. Publ. No. 9, 1923) cm

page 42 mentions the oviposition of Gynacantha nervosa in Columbia.

several female Gynacantha caught in the field all had their long

superior anal appendages broken. This is probably done during

oviposition, when these rather delicate processes are pushed

against the soil while the slender sword-like ovipositor and the

two-pronged fork beyond it are digging the egg cavity. The

reared specimen had these superior anal appendages perfect

(Fig. 6, A). The egg (Fig. 4) before it is deposited is clear

yellow and somewhat finely roughened; when in the ground it

may have a somewhat duller finish. It is about 2.25 millimeterB

long, slightly bent, with one extremity more tapering than the

other.

Fletcher, T. B. (Rep. Proc. Fourth Ent. Meet. Pusa, 1921)

on pages 270-271 describes the oviposition of Gynacantha bain-

briggei Fraser in Assam. In the evening he saw several of these

insects ovipositing in the bank of a small culvert, the bank being

“at most slightly moist” and “It should be added that there was

no water in this culvert and there certainly can only be water

here when it rains, and the nearest standing water was distant

over one hundred yards.” Dr. Fletcher’s figures of the anal seg-

ment of the female Gynacantha greatly resemble those of the

Guatemalan species and they likewise show the superior ap-

pendages broken.

It seems that some other i^^schnine dragonflies that are day-

fliers or crepuscular, approach the manner of oviposition of

Gynacantha. A note by Dr. Annandale transmitted by F. F.

Laidlaw (Rec. Indian Mus., XXII, 1921, pages 88 and 89), re-

ferring to the oriental ^schna ornithocephala McLachl., reads

thus in part: “A number of females were observed ovipositing

(in October, after the rains) in a tank of fairly dry earth at the

edge of the lake one or two feet above the water level.”

the pan-pacific entomologist [voL. XIII, nos. 1-2

Three eggs were located in a bit of soil in which Gynacantha

was seen working and in all four eggs were found; the three

on April 7 and the fourth on April 17. One of these eggs soon

decayed; the others were kept in the soil for a time and then

immersed with soil, in water. When this material was examined

on May 5, a tiny dragonfly larva with a pale cross-like pattern

on its head, and apparently in the second stage, was found. This

individual, together with a larger one taken from a small pool,

were raised to maturity. The larva secured from the egg trans-

formed on June 21 into a nice large female measuring 116 milli-

meters across outspread wings. Like the more grown field speci-

men it was relatively quiet in its larval stages, though capable

of swift movements, and could squirt a drop or two of water

from the apex of its body for a considerable distance in the air.

At first it was fed chiefly the larvae of aquatic diptera, i.e.

mosquito wrigglers, but more particularly those of the blood-

worm type (Chironomidae) ; as it increased in size it devoured

with avidity tiny fish so numerous in the streams and reservoirs.

Not all its moults or instars were noted. What appeared to be

the sec6nd moult from the prenymphal stage took place by May

9, when it measured nearly six millimeters in length. Its some-

what ashy gray shade was relieved by dark-banded legs and a

pale line inwards from each eye that joined at the middle line,

was extended along the top of the thorax and was diffused along

the abdomen, which, with other parts of the body, was varied

by pale and dark marks. The sides of abdominal segments 7-9

were armed with a distinct backward-projecting spine, also

represented, though feebly, on segment six. Other moults noted

took place on May 20, 24 or 25 and finally the last one on May

31 or June 1. Immediately after each moult the insect is very

pallid, but it soon assumes the brownish shade variegated by

lighter and paler marks and with the legs dark-banded. In form

much like Anax but rather more slender, it is a much quieter

larva than those of the Anax with which I am acquainted. (Fig.

5, final exuvium.) At last it reaches a length of about 40 milli-

meters. Soon we see indications of approaching emergence in

the swollen wing pads and thorax above. It takes no nourish-

ment during the last several days of its larval life and assumes

more of a wood-brown shade. About midday June 15, it had

JAN.-APRIL, 1937]

WILLIAMS— GYNACANTHA

rev,ersed its customary head down position on a submerged twig,

its head now being partly out of water. More and more it made

use of the large thoracic spiracle for breathing. On later oc-

casions it appeared to have issued quite or nearly out of water,

but the time evidently not being ripe for the moult to maturity,

it had reversed its position and was again found head down and

partly in water. Finally on June 19 it was found entirely out

of water, though but a few millimeters above it. As far as I

could watch the larva, it maintained this head-down, out of water

position for about 24 hours (June 19-20). On the night of

June 20 it crawled out to the extremity of the twig and there

awaited transformation. When I examined it at 1 :43 a. m. the

following morning, June 21, it had rather lately emerged, for

pale and tender, it clung to the empty shell, its abdomen still a

little thick, its wings of glassy silver and as yet held close together

over the back. By dawn its silvery wings were in the usual hori-

zontal position and at 6:55 a. m., when I disturbed it, the

insect still clung to its exuvium. Thus development from egg

to adult required about two and one-half months.

The specimen taken as a partly grown larva in a small pool

also grew rapidly under the influence of sufficient food, and its

final transformations were observed with more success than in

the case of the egg-reared individual. As far as noted, it re-

mained quite out of water in a head-down position for some-

what more than two days. I finally poked it so that it went

completely under water but in less than five minutes had reversed

its position and crawled upwards so that on my return from

dinner an hour later it had gained the extremity of the twig

and was hanging from its underside. It went through several

movements, including violent twitchings or writhings, as if to

free its adult body from the hard larval case. It also “muscled

up” with its legs. A swelling at the base of the abdomen beneath

became apparent. Shortly after half past twelve a. m. the top

of the thorax split, and head and thorax of the adult insect

swelled through this enlarging fissure so that it was soon hang-

ing head downwards by the base of the abdomen. A wriggle

or jerk of the body now and then and some movement of the

folded legs and at last, at about 1 p. m., the emerging insect

suddenly bent upwards and grasping the shell at the empty

head and thorax pulled its abdomen out of its encasement. An

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yOL. XIII, NOS. 1-2

awkward soft creature with stubby wrinkled wings, it developed

quickly into the slender graceful insect of the fields. As the

wings finally hang down together their full length they are of

a dead whitish color; later in the morning they glisten with the

beautiful transparency characteristic of such newborn insects.

The abdomen lengthens and becomes slenderer, the skin toughens

and the dragonfly, still frail and weakly colored, but already

fairly proficient on the wing, seeks the early light at the window.

“The genus Gynacantha ... is in some respects the most

specialized of all the i^^schnines; it is so far as I know the only

Odonate genus that is definitely crepuscular in its habits”. (Laid-

law, F.F., Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus., 62, Art. 21, 1923, p. 20.)

Williamson, E. B. (1923, p. 41) graphically describes the

flight of Gynacantha nervosa in the American tropics He ob-

served how they suddenly filled the air in rapidly coming dark-

ness and as suddenly disappeared twenty or thirty minutes later.

Tillyard, R. J. (London, Jl. Linn. Soc., ZooL, 33, 1916, on

page 72) writing on Gynacantha mocsaryi Forster says: “This

species is rarer than the preceding, but occurs not uncommonly

in North Queensland, where I have taken it in the dense scrub,

in railway tunnels^ and also at light. Two specimens were taken

by me in the long tunnel No. 15 on the Caims-Kuranda railway.

They were flying slowly up and down, at about noon, and their

brilliant green eyes appeared most remarkable in the gloom.”

Lieftinck, M. A., in his “Annotated list of Javan Odonata”

(Treubia, XIV, p. 446) has some interesting notes on Gyna-

cantha suhinterrupta (Ramb.), in part as follows: “The first

individuals appear on the wing about half an hour before dusk

falls; leave their resting places and commence a rapid skipping

flight in the open. About thirty minutes before sundown, at

6:15 p. m. in the wet season, it may commonly be seen hunting

for mosquitoes in the darkened verandas of bungalows, in for-

est-clearings, over roadside brooks, etc. As twilight comes the

insects quickly augment to form small flocks and continue their

flight in dark situations, e.g. muddy ditches and among pools

under the banks of some small stream, where both sexes skim

the surface of the ground, stuflBng themselves with immense num-

bers of mosquitoes. In such places, as night has set in for good,

they may only be captured by watching for their silhouette.”

JAN.- APRIL, 1937]

WILLIAMS— GYNACANTHA

Gynacantha nervosa Rambur

“The oviposition was observed by me in wet earth under the

over-hanging bank of a shallow pool near Tjisolok (Wijnkoops

Bay) in the Karimoen Djaua Islands, where this species is very

abundant. I have watched several females ovipositing in the

wet soil of a mangrove pool, just before sunset. Few females

are taken with the tiny anal appendages whole, these usually

having been fractured off during the process of egg-laying, or

are gnawed to pieces by the male during Copulation. In a forest

marsh near the Wijnkoops Bay, I caught two females in the act

THE FAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yOL. XIII, NOS. 1-2

of transformation at 10 a. m., the exuviae hanging on semi-aquatic

plants, a few inches above water level. Sometimes, however,

the larvae form burrows or canals in the mud of a ditch or dry-

pool, and on emergence ascend a convenient reed stem or stick.”

Gynacantha is predominantly a holotropical genus, only a

few species extending into temperate regions. In the Pacific it

extends well into Polynesia, Fraser describing G. apiensis and

G. stevensoni from Samoa (Insects of Samoa, Part VII, Odonata,

pp. 19-44, 5 text figs, 1927).

Gynacantha nervosa is one of our common species being

widely distributed in the American tropics and ranging into

Florida and California.

I am indebted to Dr. J. G. Needham for determining Gynor

cantha nervosa and for indicating literature referring to it.

Note on Idiocerus provancheri Van D.

In the General Bulletin No. 346, 1920 (p. 19) , of the Pennsyl-

vania Department of Agriculture Messers Sanders and DeLong

have placed my Idiocerus provancheri as a synonym of Zinneca

flavidorsum A. & S. In 1888 when I began studying the By-

thoscopidae of the eastern United States I made this same errone-

ous determination and until 1890 this insect stood in my collec-

tion as Zinneca flavidorsum A. & S. However a careful restudy

of the description by Amyot and Serville soon convinced me

that their insect had nothing to do with out eastern species.

Zinneca flavidorsum was described as from “Amerique septen-

trionale,” not from Pennsylvania, and probably was from the

West Indies, Mexico or from farther south. The reference to

“Pa.” in my Catalogue was, I think, taken from Rathvon’s list

in Mombert’s History of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, pub-

lished in 1869. Unfortunately I did not have access to this

work when I was preparing my Catalogue so that reference was

omitted. The head narrower than the pronotum and the entirely

coriaceous elytra are sufficient to throw our insect out of Zinneca

at once. Also the colors given for flavidorsum do not apply

at all to provancheri. Dr. DeLong may have already made this

correction but if so I have failed to record it. — E. P. Van Duzee.

jan.-april,1937]

BEQUAERT— ODYNEJRUS

A STUDY OF THE NORTH AMERICAN ODYNERUS HIDALGO

DE SAUSSURE {=DUCTUS CRESSON)

( Hymenoptera, Vespidae)

BY J. BEQUAERT

Department of Tropical Medicine

Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.

Odynerus hidalgo de Saussure, first described from “the

warmer parts of Mexico,” occurs throughout the United States

in three color forms. All these agree in the following structural

characters :

Clypeus slightly wider than long, ending in both sexes in a

wide, squarely truncate apical margin with rounded edges; its

surface coarsely striato-punctate. Posterior ocelli separated by a

broad furrow. Antenna of male with a long, finger-shaped, slightly

curved terminal hook-like segment, very bluntly rounded at apex.

Thorax stubby, but longer than wide; propodeum with broad and

long sides, the dorsal lateral areas well set off; concavity deep,

shiny, with fine, oblique striae which are more or less effaced in

the upper half, the upper sides being often practically smooth;

superior, inferior and lateral ridges well-marked; only the su-

perior ridge with a somewhat wavy carina, ending above in a

strong angle, which is separated from the sides of the post-

scutellum by a deep notch; inferior ridge not crenulate; lateral

angles almost square, but rounded off. Postscutellum with a

slight, crenulate, transverse ridge, not depressed in the middle.

Head and thorax coarsely punctate. Abdomen stubby; first ter-

gite abrupt basally and produced anteriorly in the middle, so that

the horizontal posterior, and the vertical anterior faces, meet at

a right angle with broadly rounded edge; second and third ter-

gites ywith a broad, thin and translucent, apical lamella, which is

distinctly raised and slightly wider on the sides than in the middle ;

second sternite with a deep, longitudinal, median furrow at base;

first tergite mostly impunctate, but with a group of rather large

punctures at extreme sides and sometimes a few in the center;

second tergite with fine to moderately large, scattered punctures

over basal three-quarters, the apical portion with much coarser

and denser puncturation; third and fourth tergites, mostly covered

with very deep and large punctures; fifth and sixth tergites more

superficially punctate; ventrally the punctures are fine and sparse,

rather uniformly scattered over the second sternite, more restricted

to the apical half on the succeeding sternites. Terminal segments

of maxillary palpi gradually decreasing in length. Length (head -f

thorax + tergites 14-2); $ 11 to 12 mm. ; ^ , 7 to 9 mm.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yOL. XII, NOS. 1-2

The combination of nearly impunctate first tergite and sec-

ond and third tergites ending in a translucent lamella, separates

0. hidalgo from all other North American Odyneras. The three

color forms may be separated as follows:

1. Body black, extensively marked with ferruginous-red or rufous

in addition to the yellow spots and bands; second abdominal

tergite mostly rufous, with, a broad yellow apical band and

usually without, more rarely with, lateral yellow spots. Wings

moderately infuscated typical O. hidalgo.

... Body black, with yellow markings, without or with few rufous

spots; second abdominal tergite predominantly black and

yellow, without or with mere traces of rufous 2»

2. Yellow markings of moderate extent, almost reduced to nar-

row apical bands on the abdomen; second tergite without

lateral spots and with the apical band not appreciably widened

on the sides. Wings dark fusco-violaceous

var. boreo-orientalis.

... Yellow markings very extensive; the apical bands of the abdo-

men broad, that of the second tergite connected or fused with

large lateral spots. Wings moderately infuscate, somewhat

yellowish var. horeo-occidentalis.

Odynerus HIDALGO, typical form

Odynertis hidalgo H. de Saussure, 1857, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2)

IX, p. 275 (no sex; “les parties chaudes du Mexique”).

Odyneras {Odynerus) hidalgo H. de Saussure, 1875, Smiths

Misc. Coll., No. 254, p. 252' ( 2 ^ ; in part: “Varietas Mexicana . . .

I caught 22, 1^ , var., in the hot' part of the province of Mexico,

near Cuautta and Cuernavaca. Tamaulipas 12... Louisiana”)-

Odynerus ductus Cresson, 1875, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., IV, p.

238 ( 2 ^ ; Texas; collected by Belfrage and therefore probably

from Bosque Co.).

Specimens examined. MjtssassliPPi: Oxford, La Fayette Co.

(F. M. Hull). Loushana: Harrow, Ascencion Co. (J. Bequaert) ;

Mound, Madison Co. (C. R. Jones). Missouri: Springfield, Green

Co., (H. H Knight). loWA: Ledges State Park, Boone Co. (H. A.

Scullen). Kansas: Wellington, Sumner Co. (T. H. Parks); Clark

Co. (F. H. Snow) ; Baldwin, Douglas Co. (J. C. Bridwell) ; Clay

Co. (J. C. Bridwell). Oklahoma: Ardmore, Carter Co. (C. R.

Jones) ; Okmulgee, Okmulgee Co., at flowers of Coreopsis (J. D.

Mitchell). Texas: Austin (C. T. Brues); Fedor, Lee Co. (Birk-

mann) ; Columbus, Colorado Co.; New Braunfels, at flowers of

Ratibida columnaris (J. Bequaert) ; Galveston (F. H. Snow) ;

Helotes, Bexar Co. (J. C. Bradley) ; Wharton, Wharton Co. (J.

Bequaert) ; Cypress MiU, Blanco Co. (W. H. Ashmead) ; Dallas

JAN.- APRIL, 1937]

BEQUAERT— ODYNERUS

(R. M. Gaines); Brownsville (T. C. Barber); College Station,

Brazos Co., at flowers of Callirrhoe involucrata (H. J. Reinhard) ;

Seguin, Guadalupe Co. (S. K Jones) ; Taylor, Williamson Co.

(J. C. Gaines); Hill Co.; Terrell Co.; Dilley, Frio Co. Ne(W

Mekico: Las Cruces (T. D. A. Cockerell) ; 35 miles East of Santa

Fe, 6900 ft. (H. A. Scullen). Colorado: Ft. Reynolds (Miller);

Berkeley, Arapahoe Co. (U. S. N. M.). Arizona: Tucson (W. H.

Mann) ; Wheatfields near Globe (D. K Duncan) ; Prescott (R. C.

Kunze) ; Catalina Springs (H. G. Hubbard and E. A. Schwarz) ;

Huachuca Mts., Cochise Co. California: Diablo Mts., Alcalde,

Fresno Co. (J. C. Bradley). Mexico: Meadow Valley, Chihuahua

(C. T. Townsend); Tlahualilo, Durango (A. W. Morrill);

Vicinity of Mexico City (C. W. Barrett) ; Victoria, Durango (T. C.

Barber and T. E. Holloway).

I have seen upward of 1(X) specimens. The extent of ferrugin-

ous varies considerably but I have seen no true intergrades with

the other two forms, although some may be expected in north-

western Florida and Alabama, or Southern California, Nevada

and Utah. I have seen only five specimens (all males) which

have some yellow on the sides of the second tergite, usually con-

nected with the apical yellow band. These came from Texas,

Arizona (Catalina Springs), California (Alcalde) and Mexico

City.

I have seen the types of Cresson’s ductus at the Academy of

Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. Also similar specimens, col-

lected by Belfrage in Texas, at the Museum of Comparative

Zoology and the United States National Museum. All these are

of the form of 0. hidalgo extensively marked with rufous or

ferruginous, especially on the second tergite. This was the form

first described by de Saussure in 1857, which should be regarded

as typical for the species. Cresson did not compare his species

with hidalgo.

A female from Dallas was found stylopized by Pseudoxenos

hookeri Pierce (Bequaert and Salt, 1921, Psyche, XXXVI, p.

256).

O. hidalgo boreo-orientalis Bequaert, n. var.

Odynerus (Odynerus) hidalgi H. de Saussure, 1875, Smiths.

Misc. Coll., No. 254, p. 252 ( $ 5 ; in part: Northern Variety, from

“New York”).

Female, Black with the following markings yellow: a spot

on each side of the clypeus; a transverse spot between the antennae;

the ocular sinuses ; an elongate spot in upper part of outer orbits ;

the pan-pacific entomologist [vOL. XIII, nos. 1-2

most of outer surface of mandibles ; scape beneath ; broad humeral

margin of pronotum; tegulae (except for a median ferruginous

spot) ; a transverse band on postscutellum ; a small spot in upper

plate of mesepisternum, beneath base of wing; outer side of

tibise; a broad apical band on first tergite, much widened laterally;

narrow apical bands on second and third tergites and sternites.

Apical portion of femora, under side of tibiae and entire tarsi

ferruginous. In some specimens some of the yellow markings may

be more or less suffused or bordered with ferruginous, particularly

on the pronotum and first tergite; the propodeum also is some-

times more or less ferruginous. Wings infuscated, with a purplish

effulgence, clearer toward the base.

Male. Clypeus entirely yellow. Dorsal areas of propodeum

partly yellow. Otherwise as in the female.

Holotype, female, Orient, Long Island, New York (J.

Bequaert) . Allotype, male Cambridge, Massachusetts, at flowers

of Polygonum hydro piper, July 10, 1932 (J. Bequaert). Both

at Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge.

Paratypes. MASSACHUSETTS: Nonsuch Pond, Natick (A. P.

Morse); Forest Hills, Boston (O. E. Plath). Connecticut: Cole-

brook (W. M. Wheeler). New York: Prospect Park, Brooklyn

(G. P. Engelhardt) ; Cold Spring Harbor (J. Bequaert; R. Dow) ;

Ithaca (Chittenden). Ohio: Laura Co. (C. H. Kennedy). New

Jersey: Ocean Grove (W. H. Ashmead) ; Camden Co. Pennsyl-

vania: Pocono Lake (C. T. Greene); Braddock (H. A. Scullen) ;

Philadelphia (U. S. N. M.) ; Harrisburg (P. R. Myers). Vir-

ginia: Falls Church (N. Banks) ; Great Falls (N. Banks) ; Glen-

carlyn (R. A. Cushman); Arlington (Chittenden). West Vir-

ginia: French Creek (F. E. Brooks). North Caroona: North

Fork Swannanoa River, Black Mountains (N. Banks). South

Carolina: Greenville Co. (H. K. Townes, Jr.) ; Horry Co. (H.

Townes). Georgia: Savannah (U. S. N. M.) ; St. Simons Island

(J. C. Bradley) ; Billy’s Island, Okefenokee Swamp (J. C. Bradley).

Florida: Greenville, Madison Co. (G. Fairchild); Gulfport,

Pinellas Co. (Reynolds) ; Arcadia, De Soto Co. (U. S. N. M.) ;

Orlando, Orange Co. (0. C. McBride). At the U. S. N. M. there

is also a specimen of this variety labelled “Mound, La.”, but I

regard this label as due to some error.

This variety from the eastern LFnited States, of which I have

seen some forty specimens, is remarkably constant in color pat-

tern. The most aberrant specimen seen is a male from Arcadia,

Florida, which has the propodeum almost entirely femiginous-

red; yet the second tergite shows no ferruginous at all.

JAN.-APRIL, 1937]

BEQUAERT— ODYNERUS

This is the form of the species recorded as 0. hidalgo in

J. B. Smith’s “Insects of New Jersey” (1910) (record from

Camden, New Jersey), and in M. D. Leonard’s “List of the In-

sects of New York” (1928).

O. hidalgo boreo-occidentalis Bequaert, n. var.

Female. Black with the following markings yellow: clypeus;

a large, wedge-shaped mark on the frons between the antennse;

outer surface of mandibles; ocular sinuses; most of outer orbits;

scape beneath; most of dorsal face of pronotum; tegulae (except

for a median ferruginous spot) ; most of scutellum (narrowly

divided by a median black line); most of postscutellum ; sides of

propodeum; most of upper plate of mesepisternum ; most of legs;

very broad apical bands on all tergites and sternites, those of the

first and second tergites slightly or considerably widened on the

sides to connect with lateral spots (the black often forming a

lozange-shaped mark on the first, and an hourglass-shaped mark

on the second tergite; the second sternite is sometimes almost

entirely yellow). Some of the yellow markings are edged with

ferruginous, especially on the pronotum; scape above and knees

ferruginous. Wings slightly infuscated, with a yellowish tinge;

the radial cell darker and somewhat purplish.

Male. Scutellum black; yellow band on postscutellum narrow;

yellow spots on propodeum and mesepisternum small; otherwise

like the female.

Holotype, female. Riverside, Riverside Co., California,

March 23, 1928, bred from pupa (C. H. Hicks). Allotype, male,

Warren, Idaho Co., Idaho. Both at the Museum of Comparative

Zoology, Cambridge.

Paratypes. California: Sisson near Mt. Shasta, Siskiyou Co.

(Wickham) ; Dunsmuir, Siskiyou Co. (Wickham) ; Los Angeles

Co. (D. W. Coquillett) ; mountains near Claremont, Los Angeles

Co. (C. F. Baker) ; Three Rivers, Tulare Co., 600 to 800 ft. (J. C.

Bradley) ; Midfork Kaweah River, Sequoia National Park, Tulare

Co., 1700 ft. (J. C. Bradley) ; Warrens, San Diego Co. (J. C.

Bradley). Washington State: Wawawai, Whitman Co. (W. M.

Mann); Squaw Creek, Yakima, Yakima Co. (S. Henshaw) ; L.

McElroy, Paha, Adams Co. (M. C. Lane).

I have seen fifteen specimens. The extent of yellow varies,

especially on first and second tergites. Specimens from Wash-

ington State have the yellow markings more reduced than most

of those of California, while the ferruginous color is more

extended, notably on the pronotum. They may possibly repre-

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yOL. XIII, NOS. 1-2

sent a fourth color form; but my material from the Pacific Coast

is far too limited to decide the matter.

The var. horeo-occidentalis is homeochromic with several

other wasps of the Pacific Coast, notably Ancistrocerus halophila

Viereck and Odynerus sulfwreus de Saussure.

Biological Control

The Biological Control of Insects. By Harvey L. Sweetman, with

a Foreword by L. O. Howard, pp. xxii+461, 6 portraits and 143

fibres. 1936. Comstock Publishing Co., Inc. Ithaca, N. Y. |3.75

Well turned out in the usual excellent style of the Comstock

Publishing Company we are here presented with the first general

treatise on this highly important and timely subject. It is ap-

parent that Prof. Sweetman has an unusually fine grasp of the

subject as a whole. Some idea of the scope of the work may be

had from a brief review of the chapter headings. Chap. 1, Theo-

retical Basis of Biological Control; 2, Use of Resistant Hosts;

3 , Use of Microorganisms, Bacteria and Fungi; 4, Viruses and

Protozoa; 5, Use of Parasitic Invertebrate Animals, Nemathel-

minthes; 6, Hexapoda, Diptert; 7, Hymenoptera; 8, Arachnida

and Hexapoda; 9, Some Biological Relations of Insect Parasites

and Predators; 10, Factors to Be Considered in the Utilization

of Insect Parasites and Predators; II, Introduction of Insect

Parasites and Predators; 12, Use of Predatory Vertebrate Ani-

mals; 13, Results of Biological Control Experiments Against

Animals; 14, Biological Control of Pest Plants.

The Anthocoridae are mentioned as predominantly plant

feeders whereas all of the species whose habits are known to the

reviewer, either in the field or through literature, are predaceous.

Among the most desirable features of the book are the

glossary of over five pages in which terms are meticulously

defined, and the extensive bibliography arranged at the end of the

book by chapters. Entomologists are deeply indebted to Pro-

fessor Sweetman for bringing together as an easily accessible

and fundamental work the foundations of this young branch of

our science. It justly deserves a place in the library of every-

one who would keep abreast of the kaleidoscopic developments

in the swiftly advancing science of entomology. — R. L. Usinger.

jan.-april,1937]

LIGHT— TERMITES

A COLLECTION OF TERMITES FROM CEYLON AND JAVA

BY S. F. LIGHT

Department of Zoology, University of California, Berkeley

The termites discussed in this note were collected in Java

and Ceylon by Miss Jane Collier for Professor L. R. Cleveland

of Harvard University. Their intestinal Protozoa are being

studied by Professor Cleveland and Professor Harold Kirby of

the University of California. Dr. Cleveland kindly sent me the

termites for study.

Our knowledge of the taxonomy of the termites of most

regions is still very preliminary in nature. Many new species

remain to be discovered and described, and for known species

either the alate or the soldier is often unknown. More distressing,

however, is the paucity of our knowledge of the range of intra-

specific variation and therefore, of the validity of the characters

used to distinguish species. Without such knowledge it remains

impossible, of course, to effect satisfactory revisions of the de-

scribed species, many of which I believe should be in synonymy.

Each new collection adds to our knowledge of geographical and

ecologic distribution and should also add definiteness to knowl-

edge of this variational range. It has seemed worth while, there-

fore, to present such information as has been obtained from a

study of this collection although it contains no species new to

science.

The species appearing in the collection are given below in

separate lists for Ceylon and Jay’a. After each is given the lo-

cality and such notes as are available as to habitat. Those species

presenting points of special interest are separately discussed.

Ceylon

1. Neotermes greeni (Desneux). In wood of Pittosporum vividi-

florum Sims, Peradeniya.

2. Neotermes militaris (Desneux). In wood of tea, T/iea sinensis,

Masheliga.

3. Glyptotermes dilatatus Bugnion and Popoff. In tea bushes,

Peradeniya.

4. Cryptotermes (Planocryptotermes) nocens Light. From build-

ing timber, Paradeniya.

5. Coptotermes ceylonicus Holmgren. Homagama.

6. Odontotermes (Hypotermes) obscuriceps (Wasmann). Pera-

deniya.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yOL. XIII, NOS. 1-2

7. Odontotermes (Odontotermes) ceylonicus (Wasmann). Pera-

deniya.

8. Odontotermes {Odontotermes) homi (Wasmann). Peradeniya.

9. Hospitalitermes monoceros (Koenig). Peradeniya.

Java

1. Neotermes dalhergise Kalshoven.

2. Neotermes tectonse (Dammerman). In living teak wood,

Dj ember, Eastern Java.

3. Glyptotermes montanus Kemner. From piece of wood lying

in a swamp, Telaga Warna.

4. Cryptotermes (Cr.) cynocephalus Light. In piece of very dry

wood from a native house.

5. Cryptotermes (Planocryptotermes) nocens Light. In piece of

very dry wood from buildings, Kedorngdjati.

6. Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren. From Kapok log.

Band jar.

7. Coptotermes travians (Haviland). From, large piece of wood

from teak forest, Kedorngdjati.

8. Macrotermes gilvus (Hagen). In decayed wood, Depok.

9. Odontotermes {Odontotermes) grandiceps (Holmgren). Two

collections both from Tjibodes; one from a fungus growing

between the stones of a walk, and one from decayed wood.

10. Nasutitermes {Nasutitermes) pusillus (Holmgren). Two col-

lections both from decayed wood at Depok.

Glyptotermes dilatatus Bugnion and Popofif 1910

The excellent collection including numerous alates, and

soldiers allows for presentation of certain points not brought

out in previous descriptions.

Alate: Kemner (1926) gives the number of segments in the

antennae as fourteen while the six alates before me with perfect

antennae each have fifteen segments. The eye is elongated in an

obliquely anteroposterior direction and is separated from the lower

margin of the head capsule by about two thirds its shorter

diameter. The radius is even shorter than stated by Kemner,

being confined to the basal one-fifth of the fore wing. The median,

which is separate throughout the membrane of the fore wing,

arises from the radius sector in the basal one-eighth of the hind

wing. Weak venation of an irregular type often simulates a longi-

tudinal vein near the cubitus with numerous anterior branches to

the median.

Measurements in millimeters of alate of Glyptotermes dilatatus

Bugnion and PopofF : Width of head and eyes 1.32 ; width of pro-

notum 1.32 ; length of pronotum 0.68; maximumi diameter of eye

0.30; least diameter of eye 0.24; long diameter of ocellus 0.15;

jan.-april,1937]

LIGHT— TERMITES

short diameter of ocellus 0.10; distance from eye to ocellus 0.03;

distance of eye from, lower margin of head 0.18; length of fore-

wing 9.00 ; length of forewing without scale 8.00.

Soldier: The posterior and dorsal margins of the antennal

foveolEe project, being visible beyond the lateral margins of the

head capsule when seen in ventral view, while in G, montanns

Kemner (see below) they hardly project at all and are not at all

visible from below. The gulamentum is strongly narrowed near

its middle and bears a smoothly concave notch at the point of

articulation of the maxillae. This is in contrast to the gulamentum

of G. montaus which shows no such notch, its sides gradually

approaching in their posterior two-thirds.

The demarcation between the dorsal surface of the head and

the frons is very sharp, the frons appearing concave due to the

anterior projection of the angular tubercles marking the latero-

dorsal rims of the frons.

Measurements in millimeters of a soldier of Glyptotermes

dilatatus Bugnion and Popoff : Length of head capsule 1.98 ; width

of head capsule 1.35; length of left mandible 1.14; width of pro-

notum (in place) 1.38; length of pronotum 0.71; maximum width

of gulamentum 0.48; minimum width of gulamentum 0.22.

Cryptotermes (Planocryptotermes) dudleyi Banks

Planocryptotermes nocens Lights 1921

Cryptotermes {Planocryptotermes) nocens Light, 1930.

Cryptotermes {Planocryptotermes) primus Kemner, 1932

nec Cryptotermes primus Hill, 1926.

Cryptotermes {P.) javanicus Kemner, 1933

Calotermes {Cryptotermes) jacobsoni Holmgren, 1913

Cryptotermes {Planocryptotermes) jacobsoni Kemner, 1933.

A careful comparison of the soldiers of a colony from Ceylon,

evidently Kemner’s Cryptotermes {Planocryptotermes) primus

(1932), and a single soldier from Java, evidently Kemner’s Cr.

(P.) javanicus (1933), with numerous soldiers of Cr. {P.)

nocens Light (1921) from Manila shows very close agreement

and fails to show any consistent differences. I am constrained

therefore to maintain the existence of a single species ranging

from the Philippines to Ceylon. Nor is this to be considered

unusual or unexpected. As I point out below, a similar situation

seems to exist in the case of the small Cryptotermes specie, Cr.

cynocephalus (=? Cr. domesticus Haviland). Macrotermes

gilvus is another Oriental species known to have wide range.

Prof. Alfred Emerson of Chicago informs me (in litt. ) that careful com-

parison shows Cryptotermes dudleyi Banks of Panama to be identical with

Planocryptotermes nocens Light. Cr. dudleyi being older, P. nocens Light falls

into synonymy with it.

the PAN-PACIFIC entomologist [vOL. XIII, nos. 1-2

No doubt increasing knowledge will bring to light extended

ranges for other species of Termites in the Orient bringing into

synonymy more and more of the local names. This has been

found to be true in the case of certain species of North America,

Central America and the Pacific Islands. For example, in a

previous report (1932) I have shown that Kalotermes immigrans

Snyder originally known only from Hawaii ranges from Hawaii

through Fanning Island to the Marquesas; and in a later paper

I have shown it to be common in the Galapagos Islands and in

the coastal region of Ecuador. As an example of a continental

species with a great range I may cite Kalotermes (Paraneotermes)

simplicicornis Banks (1920) which ranges from southeastern

Texas to southern California and from southern Nevada at least

as far south as San Bias de Sinaloa in Mexico (Light, in Kofoid,

Light et al 1934) .

I append measurements of the head of the soldier of Crypto-

termes (P.) nocens from Java, of three soldiers from Ceylon

and of a single soldier from Manila chosen at random, to show

(1) the range of variation within so small a sample of soldiers

(four) from the single colony from Java and (2) the fact that

the individuals from Ceylon and Manila fall within the range

of variation set by these three soldiers from a single colony.

Clearly, as was indicated by my footnote (1921) to the diagnosis

of Planocryptotermes, we must choose between considering this

a single variable species or erecting a large series of closely

related species, only, as I believe, to have them fall into synonymy

with increasing knowledge.

Meaurements, in millimeters, of soldiers of Cryptotermes

{Planocryptotermes) nocens Light: (1) from Ceylon; (2), (3),

and (4) from Java; and (5) from Manila.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

Length of head

1.77

1.80

1.71

1.68

1.80

Width of head

1.35

1.38

1.32

1.26

1.38

Head index

0.76

0.77

0.75

0.77

COPTOTERMES CEYLONICUS Holmgren, 1911

The collection contains many soldiers and workers. These

soldiers are light in color for the genus, the head being whitish-

yellow, the mandible yellowish-red at base and light red distally.

jan.-april,1937]

LIGHT— TERMITES

The range of size among these soldiers is so great as to suggest

at first the probability that two species or at least two colonies

of different ages were represented. Certain individuals, however,

show inter gradation. Measurements of two individuals are given

to give the range of their size variation.

Length of head with mandible 2.40

Length of head 1.26 1.50

Width of head 1.05 1.20

Length of left mandible 0.75 0.93

Width of pronotum 0.72 0.90

Maximum width of gula. 0.41 0.55

Minimum width of gula 0.17 0.23

It will be seen that these larger soldiers considerably exceed

in certain dimensions the maxima given by Holmgren (1913).

Odontotermes (Hypotermes)obscuriceps (Wasmann)

The single collection contains three soldiers which agree

closely in measurements. As the measurements given below will

show they agree fairly well with 0. (H.) obscuriceps Wasmann

as described by Holmgren (1913).

Measurements of soldiers of Odonotermes Hypotermes

obscuriceps (Wasmann) from Peradeniya: Length of head with

mandibles 1.74; length of head 1.20; length of left mandible

1.23; width of head 1.02; width of pronotum 0.75.

The anterior margin of the pronotum shows a distinct median

notch as noted by Wasmann (1896) but not by Holmgren and

as found by Kemner in 0. [H.) marshalli. The antennae show

16 segments of which the second and third are very small and

subequal which emphasizes again the danger of using this grow-

ing zone of the antennae as of diagnostic value.

It will be noted that these soldiers are larger in several dimen-

sions than shown by Holmgren’s measurements. It seems prob-

able that more extensive series will show the two species 0.

obscuriceps and 0. marshalli Kemner to represent extremes of

a single Variable species.

The workers present, all of the same size, are evidently the

larger workers since the head is about 1.20 millimeters in width.

the pan-pacific entomologist [vOL.Xni,NOS.l-2

Odontotermes (Odontotermes) ceylonicus (Wasmann).

The soldiers of this collection agree well with those described

by Holmgren (1913). Measurements are as follows in milli-

meters: Length of head with mandibles 2.88; length of head,

1.80; width of head 1.32; width of pronotum 0.96; width of

gula 0.48.

The antennae are of 15 or 16 segments. When 15 the third

is shortest.

Large and small workers have a head width respectively of

about 1.35 and 0.90 millimeters.

Odontotermes (Odontotermes) horni (Wasmann)

The numerous soldiers in this single collection show a wide

range not only of head dimensions but of proportions as brought

out by the measurements below of extreme individual.

Length of head. 2.28 2.70

Width of head 1.86 2.04

Head index 0.82 0.76

It will be noted that these measurements approximate most

closely those of 0. horni var. minor Kemner (1933) but over-

lap them. Here again I feel certain that complete series will

show this variation to be intercolonial and not characteristic of

races or varieties.

Glyptotermes montanus Kemner 1933

This large and distinct species is represented by numerous

soldiers in the collection at hand. I had described it as a new

species prior to receipt of Kemner’s paper (1933). The descrip-

tion of the soldier is included as being more complete than that

of Kemner and giving information as to range of variation.

Soldier. Body pale yellowish; pronotum light yellow brown;

head pale yellow brown behind to red brown in front, somewhat

infuscate from middle on; Y- suture distinct, white; frons and

bases of mandibles smoky red; mandibles reddish black distally;

antennae and palpi yellow-brown.

Head parellel-sided or with sides converging slightly anteriorly;

antero-lateral corners sharp, somewhat projecting; postero-lateral

corners rounded; posterior margin straight; head high but not so

high as bro ad, head-height index about 0.9. Frons sloping at an

jan.-april,1937]

LIGHT— TERMITES

ang'le of about 45°, upper marg’in two-lobed due to central groove

running back to point of bifurcation of Y-suture; these two lobes,

located on a line posterior to the dark mandibular articulations

and dorsal to and slightly anterior to the prominent white, ver-

tically crescentic eyes, are set off as low anteriorly projecting

cones by a flat groove which runs across the anterior area of the

frons. Eye narrow, dorso-ventrally elongated, separated from

posterior rim of antennal foveola by slightly more than its own

short diameter; rim of foveola only very slightly produced. Labrum

scarcely longer than wide, widest behind middle, anterior end

rounded.

Gulamentum narrow, narrowest behind middle, gular width

index 0.75 (0.45 for G. dilatatus !).

Antennae of twelve segments, third shortest with indications of

a basal division to make thirteen segments, the new third being

very short.

Pronotum somewhat concave in front, antero-lateral corners

shortly rounded, projecting somewhat anteriorly, sides weakly con-

vex in front, receding strongly from in front of middle and curving

broadly into the narrow, straight or weakly Qonvex, posterior

border which shqws only the faintest trace of a median notch.

Femora relatively weak; all tibiae with three spines. Tenth ter-

gite elongated, paler than other terga, with a somewhat swollen

appearance.

Measurements in millimeters and indices of a soldier of Glypto-

tennes montanus Kemner: Length of entire animal 8.00; length

of head with mandibles crossed 3.70; length of head capsule 2.61;

height of head 1.50; width of head 1.64; length of left mandible

1.20; length of pronotum 0.65; width of pronotum 1.56; length of

labrum, dissected 0.50; width of labrum 0.49; length of gula-

mentum 1.74; maximum width of gulamentum 0.42; minimum

width of gulamentum 0.27; head index 0.63; head height index

0.91; pronotal index 0.50-

Systematic position'. G. montanus is the largest Oriental

species of the subgenus save G. satsumensis. From all other

species which approach it in size and indeed from all Oriental

species it differs in that the left mandble has three subequal,

approximately equally spaced triangular teeth.

Cryptotermes cynocephalus Light

? Cryptotermes huitenzorgi Kemner 1933.

A collection containing numerous soldiers and alates agrees

completely as regards all castes with Cr. cynocephalus Light

of the Philippines, and so far as I am able to determine from

tbe figures and descriptions with Cr. huitenzorgi Kemner (1933)

the pan-pacific entomologist [vOL. XIII, nos. 1-2

which would therefore become a synonym of Cr. cynocephalus.

It should be pointed out that collections of Cr. cynocephalus

obtained subsequently to the published description (1921) show

the head to be as wide as 1.00 mm. in some soldiers.

In the absence of authoritatively diagnosed comparative ma-

terial of Cryptotermes domesticus (Haviland) it seems unwise

as yet to reduce both Cr. cynocephalus and Cr. buitenzorgi species

to synonymy with Cr. domesticus which I believe will be the

fate of these species and perhaps of Cr. perforatus Kemner

(1932).

COPTOTERMES TRAVIANS (Haviland)

The single collection with numerous soldiers agrees closely

with Kemner’s description (1933). It seems probable that C.

vastator Light common throughout the Philippines, and other

medium sized oriental species, will prove to belong to this

species.

Odontotermes (Odontotermes) grandiceps (Holmgren) (?)

Two collections each containing a number of soldiers. While

these soldiers are considerably larger than any yet described

from Java, save 0. bogoriensis Kemner, and have actually

broader heads, relatively much broader, it seems better to place

them in this species with which they agree in tooth characters

and shape of head and gula.

Unpublished work involving measurements of soldiers from

a very large series of Philippine Odontotermes has convinced

me that an extremely wide range of variation with regard to size,

proportions of the head, and position of tooth is characteristic

of the species of this genus. Study of large series will ulti-

mately, I believe, reduce very greatly the number of species.

Meanwhile the systematist has the unfortunate choice of adding

on the one hand to an already swollen list of species or bury-

ing the very information necessary to a solution of the situa-

tion. The happy medium is often hard to find. In the present

instance, I have chosen the latter course since alates are not

present and since, the two collections having been allowed to

dry out at some time, the characters of the soldier are not all

available. Measurements follow to be of aid to the future inves-

tigator of this knotty problem.

jan.-april,1937] light-termites 23

Len^h of head with mandibles 3.48 4.20

Length of head 2.70 2.88

Width of head 2.12 2.34

Length of mandible 1.26 1.32

Distance from tooth to tip 0.98

Distance from tooth to base 0.54

Tooth position index 0.70

Head index 0.70

Nasutitermes (N.) pusillus (Holmgren)

Two collections, one with alates, agree with the description

of the species which is based on soldiers. Soldier measure-

ments follow as also a description of the heretofore unknown

alate.

Measurements in millimeters, and indices, of soldiers of

Nasutitermes pusillus Holmgren to show the range of variation.

Length of head and rostrum

1.48

1.36

1.28

Length of head without rostrum

.92

.87

Length of rostrum

.44

.41

Head production

.34

Height of head

.58

.53

Width of head

.75

.72

Length of hind tibia

1.13

1.10

1.07

Head index

0.81

Head rostrum index

0.49

Description'. Alate. Abdominal tergites very dark brown, head

and abdominal sternites lighter brown; lateral thoracic sclerites

light smoky brown; antennae light brown; palpi, labrum, post-

clypeus, legs and nota brownish yellow; pleural membranes white,

conspicuous.

Antennal foveolae in deep grooves on side of head which con-

verge anteriorly. Labrum, shorter than broad, broadest at about

middle. Postclypeus short, about four times as wide as long,

hardly swollen. Fontanel large, white, conspicuous, oval, located

behind line joining middle of eyes. Ocelli broad oval, strongly

oblique, separated from eye by short diameter or more. Eye

large but not strongly projecting, separated from lower margin

of head by about one-sixth its diameter, from dorsal margin by

about one-third its diameter. Antennae of 15 segments, some-

what elongated; second segment smallest, third longer than 4th,

5th, or 6th which are subequal.

Anterior margin of pronotum entire, straight or faintly con-

vex; posterior margin weakly emarginate; corners rounded; sides

straight, converging. Mesonotum with broadly and evenly con-

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yOL. XIII, NOS. 1-2

cave posterior margin and sharply rounded corners. Posterior

margin of metanotum arcuate, corners broadly rounded.

Wings about twice as long as thorax and abdomen; membrane

pale gray-brown, veins brown; a dark chocolate line posterior to

radius section succeeded by a broad diffuse yellowish zone (costal

stripe ).

Measurements in millimeters of typical alate of Nasutitermes

pusUlus (Holmgren) : Length over all, 15.5; length of fore wing,

13.8; width of fore wing, 3.63; length of head, 1.51; length of

head capsule, 0.99; width of head capsule, 1.07; width of head

with eyes, 1.42; length of pronotum, 0.77; width of pronotum,

1.22; long diameter of eye, 0.45; short diameter of eye, 0.41;

long diameter of ocellus, 0.18; short diameter of ocellus, 0.16;

distance of ocellus from eye, 0.12.

Collecting Notes

A female specimen of Dyslobus squamipunctatus Pierce now

in the collection of the writer was taken by Miss Evelyn Daybell

at Eureka, California, in the spring of 1935. This is, so far

as is known, the third specimen in collections. The species was

described by Pierce in 1909 from two male specimens taken by

H. S. Barber at Eureka and was not collected again for twenty-

six years. The specimen was determined by Dr. Van Dyke’s

key to the species of Dyslobus (Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 1933)

and sent to Mr. L. L. Buchanan who compared it with the type,

confirming the identification.

On February 20, 1937, Mr. Mont Cazier and the writer took

fifteen larvae of the beetle Dascilllus davidsoni around the roots

of snowberry, Symphoricarpus, at Stevens Creek, Santa Clara

County, California. Hundreds of adults were observed emerging

at this spot the year before on May 3. The larvae of this beetle

as well as of most beetles are seldom collected and this note

may be of interest to those interested in immature stages of in-

sects. The same day twenty-one specimens of the rather un-

common weevil Peritelopsis globiventris were taken at Half

Moon Bay, San Mateo County, on the sea side daisy, Erigeron

glaucus. Mr. Harry Lange recently reported this weevil doing

some damage to globe artichoke in San Cruz County (Pan-Pacific

Entomologist, 1936) . — P. C. Ting.

JAn.-april,1937] duzee— new hemiptera

A FEW NEW HEMIPTERA

BY E. P. VAN DUZEE

The following descriptions represent species in the collec-

tion of the California Academy of Sciences that do not seem

to have heen previously published.

Peribalus hirtus Van Duzee, n. sp.

Size and aspect of tristis Van Duzee but clothed with short

stiff grey hairs, the connxevum but narrowly edged with pale.

Length 9 mm.

Female: Head broad as in tristis but somewhat shorter, the

cheeks not quite meeting before the tylus; antennae as in tristis,

segments IV and V subequal, longer and thicker than II and

III; rostrum nearly attaining the hind coxae. Pronotum rugosely

punctate, the sides thickened with the adjoining disk depressed;

apex of scutellum scarcely narrower than in tristis. Whole upper

surface irregularly, coarsely, in places almost rugosely, punctate,

the punctures being somewhat closer on the disk of the corium.

Beneath closely, deeply punctate, the punctures on the venter

smaller and confused.

Color about as in tristis, testaceous brown, much obscured by

the coarse black punctures giving the whole insect a blackish

appearance. Tip of scutellum, lateral margins of pronotum and

connexivum narrowly pale; tibiae and tarsi paler or somewhat

piceous in places; antennae pale or fuscous with pale incisures;

rostrum pale, piceous at tip. Whole surface clothed with long

pale hairs which become shorter on the disk of the corium and

venter, the longer hairs as long as the thickness of the hind tibiae.

Holotype, female. No. 4207, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci. Ent.,

taken at Potwisha, Sequoia National Park, at about 4,000 feet

elevation, June 20, 1929; paratypes four females taken at the

same place from May 20 to June 2, 1929, all by Dr. E. C. Van

Dyke, and one female taken by Mr. F. T. Scott at the same place

in March, 1936. The shorter head, rougher punctation, thick-

ened sides of pronotum, shorter rostrum and especially the long

stiff pale vestiture will at once distinguish this species. This

is one of a number of new or interesting Hemiptera taken by

Dr. Van Dyke in the Sequoia National Park.

Arocera elongata Uhler, MS.

Deep black; head before the eyes, segment I of the antennae,

apex of scutellum, base and apex of elytra, and base of the

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yOL. XIII, NOS. 1-2

abdomen red: Latero-posterior margins of the pronotum deeply

excavated. Length 18-20 mm.

Head and pronotum impunctate or nearly so; cheeks obscurely

striate; latero-posterior margin of pronotum deeply sinuate. Seg-

ment II of antennae about one-half as long as III; scutellum with

sparse fine, nearly obsolete, punctures. Elytra ‘wrinkled and

obscurely, minutely punctate, more distinctly so at apex. Rostrum

attaining middle of fourth ventral segment.

Color deep black; head, except base of vertex, apex of scutellum,

a spot at base and at apex of the elytra, the former including the

base of the clavus, basal segment of the rostrum and the venter

red. Outer angle of fifth ventral segment, all of the sixth and

usually the basal and lateral plates of the female terminalia

black. Ventrals II, III, and IV with a black marginal spot, V

sometimes with a round median spot and there may be a red

marginal spot on the meso- and metapleurae; antennal I and

base of II red.

Merida, Venezuela, one female from the author’s collection

in the museum of the California Academy of Sciences. This

specimen was in a collection purchased by the author from a

dealer in Germany about 30 years ago. The Carnegie Museum

has one from Chapada, Bra 2 ^il, and two from Province del Sara,

Bolivia. This is apparently the species figured in the July,

1929 number of the National Geographic Magazine, plate V

fig. 1, where it is given the name used above, evidently a MS

name never published by Dr. Uhler.

An interesting question comes in here. Does the publica-

tion of this figure in the National Geographic Magazine estab-

lish the species, and if so what is the type of the species and

who is its author? Uhler cannot be the authority for the name

as he neither described nor figured it. Mr. Franklin L. Fisher

apparently selected the specimens for illustration in this article

and Mr. E. L. Wisherd photographed them. I cannot learn

that either of these men was interested in entomology, at least

from a systematic standpoint. As we cannot give Dr. Uhler as

authority for the species should we credit it to Mr. Fisher and

Mr. Wisherd, or to Mr. Grosvenor as editor of the National

Geographic Magazine, who appropriated the funds for the

preparation and illustration of the paper, or should the pres-

ent brief description be used as authority of the species. I know

of no other case exactly parallel to this and am sure we would

JAN. -APRIL, 1937] DUZEE— NEW HEMIPTBRA

who has given this matter serious consideration. There might

seem to be here an argument in favor of the omission of the

name of the authority for systematic names, but frequently the

name of the author of a species, especially if followed by the

date, will enable the student to turn at once to the description

without having to refer to a catalogue.

Catacanthus eximius Van Duzee, n. sp.

Allied to carrenoi but easily distinguished by having the

pronotum entirely of a deep greenish blue except for a small

red spot behind the humeri, and different male genital char-

acters. Length 25 mm.

Striae of cheeks more feeble than in carrenoi and the elytra

more closely punctate; antennals II and III equal in the male,

III longer in the female; apex of scutellum acute as in carrenoi.

Apical margin of male pygofer subacute, not broadly rounded as

in carrenoi, the setose lateral plate armed within with a nearly

horizontal stout black tooth not found in the allied species, the

median triangular plate more deeply notched. Female genital

pieces much as in carrenoi and similarly marked with black.

Head, antennae, pronotum except the small post humeral spot,

scutellum to near the apex of the frenum, a large discal elytral

spot somewhat produced anteriorly on the costa and narrowly

attaining, or almost attaining, the inner angle, narrow inner edge

of the clavus, basal two-thirds of the membrane, legs, four spots

either side the venter, most of the rostrum, and the narrow in-

ferior edge of the pronotum, blue-black or somewhat tinged with

green; lower surface except as noted, connexivum, apex of

scutellum, frenum and a small spot behind the humeri, clear

sanguineous; elytra whitish testaceous marked with blue-black as

noted; apex of membrane slightly enfumed.

Holotype, male No. 4208, and allotype, female. No. 4209,

Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ent., taken on Mindanao, Philippine

Islands, the male May 5, at 2050 feet, the female taken before

July I7th at 1000 ft., and 14 paratypes taken with the types.

Two nymphs taken May 5th have the tergum sanguineous with

three large median, and a row of marginal spots blue-black.

This evidently is the insect designated as variety h of tricolor

(equals carrenoi) by Stal but it is a good species.

the pan-pacific entomologist [vOL. XIII, nos. 1-2

Chariesterus brevipennis Van Duzee, n. sp.

Castaneous-brown varied with fuscous; antennal III lanceo-

late; elytra attaining middle of fifth dorsal segment; margin of

pronotum coarsely tuberculate. Length 10-11 mm.

Head nearly square; vertex deeply sulcate on median line be-

tween anterior angles of the eyes and with a deep preocular pit;

antenniferous tubercles produced in an acute black spine; antennal

I as long as from anterior angle of eye to base of pronotum, with-

out marginal tubercles; the segmental lengths as 48:35:30:16;

III expanded from base, lanceolate, its width about one-fourth its

length; IV elongate fusiform, two-thirds as wide as I. Pronotum

nearly as long as its humeral width; sides coarsely denticulate,

scarcely sinuate, surface granulate posteriorly. Elytra closely

punctate, appearing granulate; corium attaining middle of tergal

IV, the membrane middle of V. Rostrum scarcely attaining coxae

II, segment I reaching the posterior line of the eyes. Apical

spines of the femora minute. Genital segment of male truncate;

apical plates of female more obtuse and arcuate exteriorly than

in antennator.

Color dark castaneous becoming blackish on base of head either

side of the median line, on the anterior and lateral margins of

the pronotum and slightly so on the area of the callosities, more

obscurely on the costa, lateral area of tergum, apical portion of

femora, tibiae, coxae, trochanters and antennals III and IV ; ros-

trum black; eyes red; membrane deep fuscous; beneath lighter

castaneous, the stemmata black.

Holotype, male (No. 4210) and allotype, female (No. 4211)

Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ent.) taken on Clarion Island, Mexico,

February 27, 1928, by Thomas Craig and presented by him to

the Academy.

It may be noted here that in this genus there is a recurrent

vein in the wing cell as in genus Coriomeris, near which genus

it should, perhaps, be placed.

Darmistus crassicomis Van Duzee, n. sp.

A little stouter than subvittatus; antennae thicker and, with

the l^s, heavily setose; cheeks not distinctly passing the tylus.

Length 11 mm.

Head as in subvittatus except that the cheeks, viewed from

the side, do not obviously surpass the tylus; bucculae elliptical, not

longer than high as in subvittatus. Rostrum attaining hind

margin of middle coxae. Antennae about twice as thick as in the

JAn.-april,1937] van duzee— new hemiptera

allied species, the segments as 20:40:34:35; I, II and III rather

closely set with stiff hairs mostly as long as the thickness of the

segment; IV pale pubescent. Pronotum as long as its basal width;

collum broad and flat, scarcely distinguished. Scutellum acutely

triangular; apex of corium less acute than in subvittatus, the

posterior angle of the metapleura more produced. Male genital

characters about as in subvittatus, the median tooth narrower at

base and not surpassed by the smaller stiles as in the allied form.

Color as in the allied species; testaceous yellow, coarsely fusco-

punctate and clothed with short stiff pale hairs becoming long

pale setse on the antennae and legs; two obscure vittae on vertex,

four on pronotum, three on scutellum and disk of the corium

more or less infuscated; base of head, side of pronotum, tip of

scutellum and costa paler; beneath paler yellow; venter infuscated,

irrorate or washed with sanguineous; median line from bucculae

to apex of venter, another on the anterior coxae and sides of the

mesosternum, a cloud along the side of the head and propleurae,

and the median line and apical segment of the rostrum black or

blackish; middle of hind coxae with a blackish cloud; legs fusco-

punctate at base of spines; middle of venter sparsely pale setose;

membrane brown, the veins margined with pale.

Holotype, male (No. 4212) Calif. Acad. Sci., Ent.,) and four

male paratypes taken by Mr. C. D. Duncan on the Chisos Mts.,

Texas, in July, 1921 and two males taken by Mr. Duncan at

Sheffield, Pocos Co., Texas, July 24. The stout antennae and

long-setose legs and antennae will at once distinguish this species.

Darmistus duncani Van Duzee, n. sp.

A little larger and darker than subvittatus with polished

piceous antennae, clothed with longer and sparser setose hairs.

Length 11 mm.

Head as in the related species but with the cheeks not exceed-

ing the tylus. Antennae slender as in subvittatus’, segments as

20:35:25:40; I. II and III polished, piceous, with scattering setae

which are about as long as the thickness of II and III; IV brown

with pale pubescence and a few longer setae; legs sparsely long-

setose. Beneath pale yellowish, venter and disk of the pleurae

smooth with a few blackish punctures; venter obscurely irrorate

with sanguineous with a few black points at base and along the

sides; median line of the metasternum and apex and median line

of rostrum black; membrane uniformly brown; pale median line

of pronotum distinct as in crassicornis; median tooth of male

genital segment broad, elongate triangular, much exceeding the

short stiles.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yOL. XIII, NOS. 1-2

Holotype, male (No. 4213) and allotype, female (No. 4214),

Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ent., taken by Mr. D. K. Duncan at base

of Penal Mts., Arizona. This species is nearest to subvittatus

but may be distinguished by the shorter cheeks, piceous-black

and somewhat polished antennae, the poorly developed median

black vitta beneath and the distinct male genital characters. D.

subvittatus is represented in the Academy collection by material

from Colorado, Arizona and southern California.

Key to our species of Darmistus

]. Antennae stout, heavily armed with setae nearly as long as

the thickness of the segment; segment I one-half the length

of II, one-third as thick as long crassicornis

... Antennae more slender, less setose, segment I two-thirds the

length of II, one-fourth as thick as long 2

2. Antennae smooth, piceous, more sparingly beset with longer

setae; segment IV dull castaneous, minutely pubescent, cheeks

not exceeding the tylus duncani

... Antennae paler, brown-punctate, segment I and apex of II

and III infuscated; IV pale castaneous, minutely pale pubes-

cent; cheeks more produced, distinctly exceeding the tylus

subvittatiis

Trapezonotus vandykei Van Duzee, n. sp.

Aspect of Tufipes Stal but slightly larger with the pronotum

more narrowed anteriorly; black, opaque, with the basal seg-

ment of antennae and the legs in part pale. Length 4 mm.

Head as long as wide between the eyes, coarsely, closely punc-

tate, the punctures becoming subobsolete posteriorly where the

surface is dull and opaque; tip of tylus pale. Antennae stout;

segment I passing apex of head by one-third its length; II about

twice the length of I, III one-half longer than I, IV a fourth

longer than II; I and extreme apex of II and III ochraceous;

surface minutely pilose with a few longer setae. Pronotum an-

teriorly scarcely wider than head, its surface opaque black, coarsely

punctate, the punctures subobsolete across disk of anterior lobe;

lateral margins slenderly explanate and pale; posterior lobe

usually more or less invaded with ochraceous. Scutellum rather

obscurely punctate. Elytra coarsely punctate, obscurely so on

disk of corium; clavus with three rows of punctures, the inner

more irregular; surface brownish ochraceous, sometimes almost

entirely black; membrane abbreviated, black, nervures white.

Beneath black, polished on the venter; narrow edge of prostemum,

acetabulae and hind angle of mesopleurae ochraceous. Rostrum and

JAN.-APRIL, 1937] VAN DUZEE— NEW HEMIPTERA

legs clearer ochraceous; hind tibiae and tarsi black, the anterior

and intermediate embrowned; anterior femora thickened, armed

below with two short teeth and a few minute serrations; anterior

tibiae moderately curved at base, hind tibiae short-pilose with a

row of about six slender spines beneath; tarsal I about as long

as II and III together. Rostrum reaching to between the inter-

mediate coxae, dark ochraceous, becoming black at apex. Upper

surface of insect normally clothed with sparse appressed pale

hairs.

Holotype, male (No. 4215) and allotype, female (No. 4216),

Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ent., taken at Cumbres Pass, Colorado,

at 10,000 ft. elevation, July 20, 1935, by Dr. E. C. Van Dyke,

and one female taken by Dr. Van Dyke at Longs Peak Inn, Colo-

rado, July 2, 1926, at 9000 ft., all presented to the Academy by

the collector. This is a most interesting high mountain form

recalling rufipes Stal but belonging to the genus Trapezonotus.

A Peculiar Structure in a Fulgorid

While studying some Hemiptera taken by Mr. Templeton

Crocker on the Solomon Islands I found one possessing a struc-

ture quite new to me. This insect, a species of Bennaria per-

taining to the subfamily Cixiinae, has on each side a rod-like

appendage articulated to the basal abdominal segment. It is

as long as the width of the elytra at that point and at its ex-

tremity it is enlarged to a cup shaped container that is filled

with a waxy secretion. This structure recalls the halteres found

on the metathorax of the Diptera where they replace the hind

pair of wings. Thse rods or balancers occur in two Indo-Aus-

tralian genera of cixiids, Benna and Bennaria^ but I know of

no suggestions having been made relative to their functions.

They must serve some useful purpose and an investigation of

this would prove most interesting. One| other genus of the

Fulgoridae, Achilixius, has two processes on either side of the

basal abdominal segment but these are much shorter and ap-

parently are not articulated, but they do carry similar cup-

shaped depressions. Their functions, however, have not been

worked out. — E. P. Van Duzee.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yOL, XIII, NOS. 1-2

SOME NEW DELTOCEPHALOID LEAFHOPPERS

(HOMOPTERA CICADELLIDtE)

FROM ILLINOIS

BY DWIGHT M. DbLONG

Ohio state University

Flexamia prairiana DeLong, n. sp.

Resembling reflexus in form and general appearance and

previously confused with it but with distinct genitalia. Length

4-4.5 mm.

Vertex strongly produced, apex blunt, one-fifth longer at middle

than basal width between eyes.

Color: Vertex yellowish with a dark ring at apex and the

broken cross band before anterior margin of the eyes. Thorax

yellowish with faint longitudinal striae. Elytra yellowish, veins

bordered with brown especially heavy along reflexed veins to costa.

Genitalia: Female last ventral segment rather deeply emargi-

nate either side of median produced third which is rounded at

apex and notched so as to form several minute teeth. Male plates

long, tapered to pointed apices which are slightly divergent.

CEdagus bearing three anteriorly directed apical processes as in

the case of reflexus but differing by having no process on dorsal

side and with the large process on ventral portion. Also in

prairiana a smaller lateral process is finely serrate while in reflexus

the large process bears two large spines near base.

Described from a series of 64 females and 47 males collected

at Evergreen, Illinois, August 23, 1934 (Ross & DeLong) ; 9

females same locality July 1, 1935 (Ross & DeLong) ; 15 females

and 16 males, Alsip, Illinois, August 23, 1935 (Ross & DeLong) ;

12 females and 6 males. Summit, Illinois, July 17, 1935 (Ross

& DeLong) ; and 8 females, Zion, Illinois, August 7, 1935 (Ross

& DeLong) .

Holotype male, allotype female and male and female para-

types in Illinois Natural History Survey collection. Male and

female paratypes in author’s collection.

This species is common on the prairie and has been confused

with reflexus which it closely resembles.

Polyamia rossi DeLong, n. sp.

Resembling ohtectus in coloration and general appearance

but with distinct genitalia. Length 3 mm.

jan.-april,1937]

DeLONG— LEAFHOPPERS

Vertex bluntly angled, as long at middle as basal width between

eyes.

Color: Face with two rows of fine arcs, the upper row visible

on margin of vertex from above. Apex with a pair of proximal

pale spots, a darker one next either eye. A black transverse band

between anterior margins of eyes, broken at middle. Thorax pale

brownish, a black spot back of each eye. Elytra white, veins

bordered with brown and with brownish spots on middle of clavus

and disc of elytra.

Genitalia : Female last ventral segment with side margins

sloping to posterior margin which is almost truncate and dark

margined. Side lobes of underlying membrane conspicuous. Male

plates triangular, apices rather long, tapered to acute tips.

QEdagus in ventral view with the ventral keeled edge usually

conspicuous between plates. In lateral view it is long, slender

on basal two-thirds, then suddenly enlarged, the ventral portion

broadly curved, semicircular with a short apical process extend-

ing dorsally and anteriorly, and a basal dorsally directed spur.

Described from a series of 47 males and 28 females collected

at Thomson, Illinois, June 30, 1935 (Ross & DeLong) ; 26 males

and 17 females collected at Fulton, Illinois, August 22, 1935

(DeLong & Ross). Holotype male, allotype female, and male

and female paratypes in Illinois Natural History Survey col-

lection, Urbana, Illinois. Male and female paratypes in author’s

collection.

It is a pleasure to dedicate this unique species to Dr. H. H.

Ross who has collected so much interesting material in this field

and with whom the writer has spent so many pleasant hours in

the field and laboratory during the past three seasons.

Polyamia dilata DeLong, n. sp.

Resembling compactus in form and general appearance but

with the vertex slightly more produced, faint markings on vertex

and with male oedagus distinct. Length 2.5-2.75 mm.

Vertex bluntly angled, a little longer at middle than basal

width between eyes. Elytra short exceeded by last two visible

segments.

Color: Face dark with pale arcs above. Vertex whitish, ocelli

and a proximal anterior mesal spot black. A pair of proximal

triangular spots just above apex pale brown or orange. Indica-

tions of a pale orange band at anterior margin of eyes, and a

pair of oblique marks each side at base. Pronotum brown with

pale longitudinal stripes. Scutellum pale brown. Elytra pale

brown, veins broadly white heavily margined with dark brown.

THE PAN-PACIPIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. XIII, NOS. 1-2

Genitalia : Female last ventral segment broadly roundedly pro-

duced, with a slightly produced rounded lobe on central fourth.

Lateral lobes of underlying segment conspicuous. Male plates

long, concavely narrowed to acutely pointed apices. Male oedagus

in lateral view with the body rather broad, scarcely narrowed

anteriorly, posteriorly gradually narrowed to form a long narrow

apical third which is produced caudally and curved dorsally.

Described from a series of 23 females and 22 males collected

at Apple River Canyon, Illinois, August 22, 1935, by H. H.

Ross and the author. Holotype male, allotype female and male

and female paratypes in Illinois Natural History Survey col-

lection. Male and female paratypes in author’s collection.

Laevicephalus pravus DeLong, n. sp.

Resembling unicolorata in form and appearance but with

distinct genitalia. Length 3-3.5 mm.

Vertex bluntly angled, a little wider between eyes than median

length.

Color: Bright yellow unmarked, ocelli black, ovipositor black.

Genitalia: Female last ventral segment roundedly produced,

almost truncate. Male plates long, tapered to acute apices. Male

oedagus in lateral view narrowed at half its length and tapered

in a long thread-like attenuated apex. In ventral view broad at

base, rapidly narrowed and produced, slightly enlarged just before

apex and with teeth on the outer margin, apex bluntly pointed.

Described from a series of 70 females and 19 males collected

at Des Plains, Illinois, from Prairie, Sept. 18, 1935 (Ross &.

DeLong) .

Holotype male, allotype female and male and female para-

types in| Illinois Natural History Survey collection, Urbana,

Illinois. Male and female paratypes in author’s collection.

THE GENUS CHLOROTETTIX

(HOMOPTERA CICADELLID^) :

SOME NOTES ON SYNONYMY

BY DWIGHT M. DeLONG

During the past few years several species of Chlorotettix

have been redescribed. This has apparently been due to two

factors. Either the species was originally described in another

genus and was not recognized as a member of Chlorotettix, or

the one who redescribed it was not familiar with the original

description and specific characters. In order to clarify the

JAN.-APRIL, 1937]

DbLONG— CHLOROTETTIX

literature it seems advisable to discuss briefly the synonomy of

these species.

Chlorotettix lucidus (Baker) originally described as a species

of Thamnotettix was redescribed as C. delta Ball and as C. acus

DeL. and Dav. C. orhonatus Ball was originally described as

a member of Thamnotettix and was redescribed as C. productus

S. and DeL. C. fallax S. and DeL. was described from the male

sex only and was redescribed from females only as C. latifrons

S. and DeL. by the same authors. The allotype of C. latifrons

as described by Brown is therefore a synonym of C. fallax.

Brown recently made a study of the genus Chlorotettix and

failed to recognize melanotus DeLong which was originally de-

scribed as a variety of tergatus V.D. He therefore placed this

southern form, melanotus, which superficially resembles terga-

tus so closely, under the name fumidus S. and DeL. After having

mistaken fumidus he proceeded to redescribe it under the name

fuscus Brown. He also failed to recognize C. floiidanus DeL.

and redescribed it as C. ruhidus Brown. Although he cited the

name C. borealis S. and DeL. he failed to recognize the identity

and characters of this widespread species and redescribed it

as C. angustus Brown. All these species except fuscus have been

checked by the use of the male genitalia which have excellent

diagnostic characters in this genus. A list of the species cited

above is given with their synonyms.

C. lucidus (Baker) , (C. delta Ball and C. acus DeL. and Dav.)

C. orhonatus (Ball), (C. productus S. and DeL.)

C. fallax S. and DeL., (C. latifrons S. and DeL.)

C. melanotus DeL., (C. fumidus as cited by Brown, not De-

Long)

C. fumidus S. and DeL., (C. fuscus Brown)

C. floridanus DeL., (C. ruhidus Brown)

C. borealis S. and DeL., (C. angustus Brown)

Our Double Number

Circumstances made it necessary for our Publication Com-

mittee to find another printer for the Pan-Pacific Entomologist.

This change caused such a delay in printing the January num-

ber that it seemed best to publish a double number to cover

the January and April issues. We regret the delay and trust

it may not occur again.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yOL. XIII, NOS. 1-2

Collection of Historical Material by the

Pacific Coast Entomological Society

During the course of development of entomology in the west-

ern United States a great deal of historical material in the form

of correspondence with entomologists the world over, pictures,

itineraries, etc., has accumulated. Some of this has reached the

laboratories of the California Academy of Sciences by one means

or another but a great deal of it remains in the hands of indi-

viduals or is among the effects of deceased workers in the charge

of persons ofttimes unaware of its value. To preserve and make

this material available a collection was started by a Pacific Coast

Entomological Society Committee of three members, E. P, Van

Duzee, E. G. Linsley, and R. L. Usinger, which was appointed

by President E. 0. Essig at the 137th meeting on September 1,

1934. This committee purchased a four drawer standard metal

filing case with funds contributed by members of the Society.

A system of filing has been tentatively adopted which keeps the

entire correspondence of an individual together, the letters being

filed chronologically for each writer and alphabetically for the

various writers making up an individual’s correspondence.

Material already on hand in the laboratories of the Cali-

fornia Academy of Sciences has been incorporated through the

cooperation of those in whose care it has been entrusted. This

will remain as a permanent loan with the proviso that it will

always be located at the Academy and can be segregated as a

separate collection at any time should circumstances make that

desirable. It forms a basis for the collection and includes the

correspondence of W. G. Wright, J. G. Grundel, E, P. Van Duzee

and others with numerous photographs from various sources.

The original committee reported at the 139th meeting of the

Society on March 3, 1935, and was enlarged to five members

and made a permanent committee of the Society to pursue a

uniform policy over a period of years. The Society takes this

opportunity to solicit the interest and cooperation of all western

entomologists in this work. Any information concerning suit-

able materal should be communicated to some member of the

committee.

C. D. Duncan

E. G. Linsley

E. P. Van Duzee

R. L. Usinger, Chairman

JAN.- APRIL, 1937]

WILCOX— ASILID^

ASILID^, NEW AND OTHERWISE, FROM THE SOUTH-

WEST, WITH A KEY TO THE GENUS STICTOPOGON

BY J. WILCOX

(Continued from Vol. XII, p. 212)

Blepharepium secabilis (Walker)

This genus has not been reported from the United States

previously. A key to the species is given by Bromley’. Speci-

’ Ann. Ent. Soc. Am. 22: 279, 1929.

mens are at hand from the following localities.

Ariz. ; Mesa, VH-23-1928 (E. P. Van Duzee) ; Phoenix, August

(D. K. Duncan); Pima County, VH-22-1927 (R. H. Beamer).

N. Mex. : Luna County, VH-14-1934 (R. T. Kellogg).

Blepharepium is most closely related to Diogmites and is

distinguished from it usually by the following characters (quoted

from Bromley ’) ; “posterior pulvilli much shorter than the

elongate claws; scutellum without bristles”. The claws and

pulvilli of secabilis measure as follows: hind claw 35, pulvilli

15; middle claw 30, pulvilli 15; and fore claw 30, pulvilli 24;

both claws and pulvilli were measured from base of pulvilli.

Lestomyia Williston

It is rather dijB&cult to classify the species of this genus, but

the one described below should be readily recognized. Five

species in the genus have been described. Four from California

and one from Wyoming, but the genus occurs all over the western

part of North America. Several other new species are at hand,

but they will not be described until larger and more representa-

tive series have been seen. The length of the pulvilli is believed

to be of specific importance. Where measurements of the claws

and pulvilli are given, those of the hind legs are used, and both

the claws and pulvilli are measured from the apex of the fifth

tarsal joint.

Lestomyia atripes Wilcox, new species

Male: Length 10 nun. Head black; cheeks, palpi, and pro-

boscis shining; remainder densely pruinose with a slight tinge of

yellow on the front. Hairs and bristles white except two of the

eight bristles on ocellar tubercle, the hairs on second palpal joint

and two or three bristles on underside of second antennal joint,

which are black. Antennae black; apex of second joint and base

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. XIII, NOS. 1-2

of third slightly reddish; first two joints subequal in length; third

as long as first two together, narrow on basal third, broadest at

apical two-thirds, from which it narrows to apex; style truncate,

about one-fifth as long as third joint, cylindrical, longer than

broad and with a minute spine at apex.

Thorax black, largely covered with gray pollen; laterally, dorso-

central stripes and a pair of broad central stripes separated by

a gray stripe of equal width, golden. Hairs white; bristles black

except three humeral and one posthumeral which are yellowish;

four presutural, two supra-alar, two post-alar and seven anterior

and three posterior dorsocentral bristles. Scutellum covered with

yellowish gray pollen, with eight marginal bristles, four blackish

and four whitish. Pleurae and coxae covered with gray pollen;

hairs and bristles white.

Abdomen black, largely covered with gray pollen; second to

fifth segments with large lateral triangular black spots, widest

basally and not reaching lateral or posterior margins; all seg-

ments with a central anterior smaller oval black spot; hairs and

bristles white; four lateral bristles on first segment. Venter cov-

ered with gray pollen and white-pilose. Hypopygium reddish

brown, as broad as long, white-pilose.

Legs dull black, except apical one-fifth of femora and about

basal one-fourth of tibiae, which are reddish; hairs white; femoral

bristles and about one-half of the tibial white; most of tarsal

bristles black. Claws black, very narrowly reddish at base; pul-

villi whitish; empodium brown; pulvilli three-fourths as long as

claws (15:20).

Alulae pale yellowish with white fringe. Base of halteres

brown, stem and knob pale yellow. Wings clear hyaline; veins,

except at the base, brown; anterior cross-vein at four-seventh the

distance from base of discal cell; fourth posterior cell slightly

narrowed.

Female : Length 11 mm. Similar to male. Head slightly yel-

lowish; apical three-fourths of ocellar bristles black. Thoracic

and mesonotal bristles black except those on the humeri. Median

and lateral black spots on the abdomen confluent basally; sixth

and following segments shining black; eight brown spines at apex.

Wings slightly brownish in area around discal cross-vein.

Holotype: Male, Grant County, N. Mex., III-31-1933 (R. T.

Kellogg). Allotype: Female, same data. Paratypes: About

100 specimens, both sexes, same data as types, and IV-7-1933;

Santa Rita Mts., Ariz., IV-8-1932 (D. K. Duncan) ; Superior,

Ariz., April (D. K. Duncan), base of Pinal Mts., Ariz., March

(D. K. Duncan) ; 30 of those from Arizona in D. K. Duncan’s

collection.

jan.-april,1937]

WILCOX— ASILID^

The largely black legs will distinguish this species from pre-

viously described forms.

Cophura sculleni Wilcox, new species

Male: Length 7 mm. Head black, densely pruinose, except

cheeks narrowly, the palpi and the proboscis, which are black.

Hairs and bristles white; mystax bristle-like, confined to oral mar-

gin; hairs of face fine and short. Face slightly diverging below;

front nearly parallel-sided; face at antennae about two-thirds

width of one eye. First antennal joint one and one-half times

length of second and narrower, both bearing white hairs, two of

these bristle-like below on second joint; third joint one and one-

half times the length of first two joints together, about as broad

as second joint and narrowed on apical one-third; style short,

slender, with a minute seta at apex, about one-sixth the length

of third joint.

Mesonotum densely covered with pollen; humeri and anterior

part gray, the remainder yellowish; hairs rather long, white;

bristles yellowish, two presutural and the following fine ones

hardly distinguishable from the hairs; two supra-alar, two post-

alar, and four dorsocentral bristles mostly posterior. Scutellum

densely pollinose, broad posterior margin shining black; two pairs

of very fine yellowish bristle-like hairs on posterior margin. Pleurae

and coxae densely pollinose, propleura and coxae grayish; hairs and

bristle-like hairs of hypopleura yellowish white.

Abdomen shining, narrow sides and venter covered with gray

pollen; first segment and anterior one-fifth and sides of second

black; remaining segments yellowish red; hairs yellowish white,

rather long on the sides. Hypopygium shining black, concealed

beneath sixth and seventh segments, not visible from above.

Trochanters black; femora except for a very small black spot

at tip and tibiae except apex (about apical one-fourth of hind

tibiae) shining yellowish red; tip of tibiae and tarsi, except basal

half of metatarsi which are reddish, brownish black; claws black,

reddish basally; pulvilli light brown; hairs and bristles yellowish

white.

Halteres yellow; stem at base brown. Alulae brown, with a

broad yellowish margin and fringe. Basal two-thirds of wings

brown, the brown extending from apex of auxiliary vein obliquely

across wing, filling out discal and fourth posterior cells; apex

of wings hyaline; veins brown. Anal cell narrowly open; fourth

posterior cell somewhat narrowed; anterior cross-vein at seven-

tenths distance from base of discal cell; third vein branched

beyond discal cross-vein.

Female: Length 7 mm. Very similar. Five erect bristle-like

hairs on posterior margin of scutellum. Segments 6-8 of abdomen

entirely shining reddish; apical spines brown.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yOL. XIII, NOS. 1-2

Holotype: Male, Holbrook, Ariz., elevation 5,400 feet,

VI-25-1931 (H. A. Scullen). Allotype: Female, Estancia, N.

Mex., VII-9-1929; in Dr. S. W. Bromley’s collection.

In Curran’s key* this species would run to couplet 3, where

® Am. Mus. Novitates, No. 487, p. 5, 1931.

it differs from hella and sodalis by the color of the thorax and

the markings of the wings.

Atomosiella Wilcox, new genus

Small species resembling Atomosia, differing by having only

four posterior cells and lacking scutellar bristles. Head nearly

twice as broad as high; face about three-fifths the width of one

eye; sides nearly parallel, narrowly carinate along eye margin,

slightly concave at middle; oral margin and base of antennae

slightly elevated. Front deeply excavated, about one-third wider

than face (in Atomosia, front coarctate, never wider at vertex

than at antennae) ; ocellar tubercle narrow, bearing a pair of

divaricate bristles. First antennal joint twice length of second,

third twice length of first two together and having a minute spine

on upper side at apical three-fifths. Proboscis short, cylindrical,

truncate at apex; palpi very slender and about as long as pro-

boscis. Mesonotum about as broad as long; short, sparsely pilose,

sparsely punctate, bearing a strong supra-alar and a postalar

bristle. Scutellum sparsely punctate and with fine, short, sparse

hairs. Metanotum with a few short hairs and bristles. Pleurae

somewhat bulging and in large part pruinose, sparsely pilose

except hypopleura which bears a dense clump of bristle-like hairs.

Abdomen short, broad, very densely punctate; hairs numerous but

short, fine, and inconspicuous; four lateral stout, short bristles

on first segment, two on second, and one each on third to sixth;

seventh and the hypopygium and ovipositor more or less con-

cealed by the sixth segment. Legs rather short and stout but not

conspicuously thickened on any part. Petiole of marginal cell

slightly longer than anterior cross-vein; branches of third

vein broadly divaricate, anterior branch reaching wing margin

well in front of apex and posterior one well beyond apex; first

posterior cell open or closed at wing margin; third posterior cell

(fourth in most genera) closed and petiolate, petiole about equal in

length to anterior cross-vein; anal cell closed before wing margin;

anterior cross-vein beyond middle of discal cell.

Genotype: Atomosia antennata Banks

Figure 2. Wing of Atomosiella, new genus (X-10)

jan.-april,1937]

WILCOX— ASILIDjG

Atomosiella antennata (Banks)

Atomosia antennata Banks, Can. Ent. 52: 66, 1920.

This species was described from two male specimens collected

at Douglas, Ariz., August (L. H. Snow) and now on deposit

in the Museum of Comparative Zoology. Marston Bates has

kindly compared specimens with the types and has verified the

generic status of the species. As there are some differences in

the specimens and as the female has not been described, the fol-

lowing description is given :

Male: Length 5 mm. Head black, proboscis shining; face,

front and occiput covered with yellowish white pollen (the face

a sparse row of longer hairs on oral margin and more numerous

shorter hairs, a pair of stouter long hairs a little above oral mar-

gin and shorter sparse hairs extending to antennse; ocellar bristles

black; occipital bristles yellowish white; beard and hairs of

proboscis white. Antennae black; first joint clothed with short

yellowish hairs and one longer hair on anterior side; second joint

with short black hair.

Mesonotum and scutellum rather bright metallic blue; hairs

golden; bristles yellowish white. Pleurae dark purple where bare

of pollen; pleurae and coxae pruinose except greater part of meso-

pleurae, metasternum, and pteropleura; hypopleural hairs yellowish

white; hairs of coxae whitish.

Abdomen, except first segment which is of same color as meso-

notum, dark bluish green; hairs golden; bristles yellowish white.

Basal half of fore femora brown, apical half yellow; middle

femora yellowish except a small brown spot above at base; hind

femora entirely yellow. Tibiae, except about basal one-third which

is yellowish, and tarsi brown. Claws black, yellowish at base;

pulvilli light brown; empodium brownish. Hairs yellowish, short,

appressed, except a rather dense erect fringe on venter of hind

tibiae ; bristles yellowish, except a long one on anterior side at apex

of basal and second segments of fore tarsi; very short bristles on

outer joints of fore tarsi, short bristles on outer three joints of

middle tarsi, a longer bristle on next to basal segment on anterior

side of middle tarsi, and bristles on last three joints of hind tarsi,

black.

Base of halteres dull brown; upper stem and knob milky white.

Alulae yellowish with a yellowish-white fringe. Wings uniformly

grayish hyaline; veins brown; anterior cross- vein at two-thirds

distance from base of discal cell.

Female: Length 6 mm. Similar to male, abdomen broader.

Femora entirely yellowish. Longer bristles on basal two joints

of tarsi yellowish white, except anterior ones on fore tarsi.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yOL. XIII, NOS. 1-2

Described from specimens collected at Phoenix, Ariz., August

(D. K. Duncan).

Additional specimens of both sexes from the above locality

and from Superior, Ariz., August (D. K. Duncan), in the writer’s

and D. K. Duncan’s collections, and the following specimens in

the University of Kansas collection : Belen, N. Mex., VIII-19-1927

(R. H. Reamer and P. A. Readio) ; Socorro County, N. Mex.,

VIII-18-1927 (P. A. Readio) ; Taos, Taos County, N. Mex.,

VIII-20-1927 (R. H. Reamer) ; and Lemon Cove, Calif., VII-26-

1929 (R. H. Reamer) .

There is considerable variation in the coloration of the speci-

mens, the thorax varying from bright blue and purple to black

and the abdomen in some specimens being nearly black; the

color of the second antennal joint varies from dull yellow to

nearly black; and in most specimens the femora are entirely

yellowish, varying to reddish brown. The first posterior cell

varies from being closed and very slightly petiolate to being

open as wide as the length of the anterior cross-vein.

Atonia duncani Wilcox, new species

Male. Lengrth 5 nun. Head black, densely pruinose, with a

tinge of yellow on the face; mystax white, composed of six long

bristles on oral margin and a number of short hairs; at about

one-fourth distance from oral margin to antennae is a pair of long

black bristles, and on each side of face a vertical row of shorter

white hairs reaching from oral margin nearly to antennae. Front

with a single black bristle on each side near eyes and just behind

antennae, and several short white hairs on sides of ocellar tubercle;

ocellar tubercle with a pair of short black bristles ; occipital

bristles black, four short ones on each side ; beard sparse, short and

white. Antennae black, thinly pollinose ; first and second joints each

with two short, black bristles below, subequal in length and about

twice as long as broad; third joint bare, one and one-half times

length of first two together, gradually widening apically, about

one-fourth as wide as long at widest point; style about one-half

width of third joint, somewhat conical, one-fifth length of third

joint, with a short, stout bristle arising from upper side near base.

Mesonotum and scutellum shining black, rather densely cov-

ered with short, recumbent yellow hairs; bristles black, one pre-

sutural, one supra-alar, and one postalar; very narrowly prui-

nose on sides above wing base and posteriorly before scutellum.

Scutellum without bristles. Mesonotum densely pruinose; on each

side with a clump of about six short, stout, black bristles. Pleurae

densely pruinose, except neck, mesopleurae, sternopleurae, and ptero-

JAN.-APRIL, 1937]

WILCOX— ASILID^E

pleurae, which are largely shining black; hairs short, white, hypo-

pleural hairs long, about 10 on each side.

Abdomen black, shining, finely punctate; hairs white, longer

posteriorly and on sides of segments; about four whitish lateral

bristles on first segment.

Coxae pruinose; fore pair black, middle and hind pairs more or

less yellowish. Legs shining black, except the narrow base and

apex of femora, about basal one-fourth of tibiae, and the tarsal

Joints (becoming darker apically) which are dull yellow. Hairs

and bristles white except bristles on outer tarsal joints which are

black; a definite fringe of rather dense hairs ventrally on hind

tibiae and metatarsi; claws and empodium black; pul villi yellowish.

Halteres yellow, base and lower stem brown. Wings hyaline,

veins brown; anterior cross-vein before middle of discal cell.

Female: Length 5.5 mm. Similar to male. Oral bristles largely

black; face and front with a more evident tinge of yellow; an-

terior cross-vein at middle of discal cell.

Holotype: Male, Globe, Ariz., July (D. K. Duncan). Allo-

type: .Female, same data. Paratypes: 22 specimens, both sexes,

with same data as type (July and August), and Superior, Ariz.,

August (D. K. Duncan), partly in D. K. Duncan’s collection.

This is apparently the first record of this genus from the

United States; Curran® figures the head and wing venation.

* North Americian. Diptera, p. 168, fig. 42 ; p. 178, fig. 110, 1934.

This species apparently differs from A. mikii Williston by

the shorter antennal style {mikii, one-third length of third joint)

and by the color of the hairs on the mesonotum, and from A.

brevistylata Williston, by the color of the legs and of the mystax

emd hairs on the mesonotum.

Promachina pilosa Wilcox, new species

Male: Length 14 mm. Head shining black, thinly covered

with golden brown pollen; mystax and hairs of palpi yellowish

white, becoming white on upper face; sparse erect hairs on front

mixed black and white; hairs on ocellar tubercle largely black;

beard and hairs on upper occiput and proboscis white; occipital

bristles black, about eight on each side. Antennae black; first joint

white-haired and twice length of second; second with mixed short

black and white hairs; third one and one-third times length of

first two joints together, equal in width at base to width of second,

tapering apically; style three-fourths the length of third joint.

Thorax and coxae black, covered with golden brown pollen,

subshining; mesonotum with a broad median, narrowly bisected,

black stripe; recumbent hairs white, numerous interspersed black

hairs erect; bristles black, two presutural, one supra-alar, and

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yOL. XIII, NOS. 1-2

three post-alar. Scutellum black, thinly covered with golden brown

pollen with numerous long white hairs arranged in a clump

on each side. Hypopleural hairs long, yellowish; a thinner clump

of long black hairs on metasternum, and a few similar hairs above

on hind coxae.

Abdomen black, broadly brownish on sides, becoming still

broader apically; hairs long, yellowish white, more numerous on

the sides, black on dorsum of first segment. Genitalia black, about

equal in length to fourth and fifth segments together, hairs yel-

lowish white. Venter uniformly covered with brownish pollen,

with short recumbent white hairs and on segments I-V with longer,

sparse, erect black hairs.

Legs shining black; fore and middle tibiae reddish brown on

posterior side, hind femora reddish brown dorsally, hind tibiae

this color on about basal one-fourth. Hairs yellowish white, more

or less recumbent, with some black hairs on dorsum of fore and

middle femora, and dorsally and posteriorly on hind femora;

bristles black; claws black; pulvilli brown; empodium yellowish.

Alulae brown, margin yellowish, with numerous white marginal

hairs. Knob of halteres brownish black; base and stem yellowish

brown. Wings light brownish, more intense anteriorly; veins

brown; first posterior cell open; fourth posterior cell closed and

petiolate, also petiolate at base, these petioles about equal in length

to anterior cross-vein; anal cell closed and petiolate, the petiole

about one-half the length of anterior cross-vein; anterior cross-

vein at five-ninths distance from base of discal cell.

Female: Length 14 mm. Similar to male. Hairs on sides of

abdominal segments I-V white, yellowish dorsally except on I,

where they are black; VI and VII and ovipositor entirely white-

haired except tip of ovipositor, which is short yellow-haired; ovi-

positor black, about equal in length to fourth and fifth segments

together. Wings nearly hyaline, yellowish anteriorly; petiole of

anal cell about equal in length to anterior cross- vein; anterior

cross-vein at middle of discal cell.

Holotype: Male, lower Sabino Canyon, Santa Catalina Mts.,

Ariz., elevation 3,200 feet, IV-6-1934 (D. K. Duncan). Allo-

type: Female, same data. Paratypes: Five females with same

data as type; one female, Florence Junction, Ariz., elevation 2,200

feet, IV -7-1934 (D. K. Duncan) ; one male Sabino Canyon,

Santa Catalina Mts., Ariz., August (D. K. Duncan), the latter

male and two females in D. K. Duncan’s collection ; one female,

Tucson, Ariz., IV-2-1934 (Bryant, 440), and two females, Ajo

Mts., Ariz., IV-2-1934 (Owen Bryant), in Owen Bryant’s collec-

tion. The specimens range in length from 12 to 14 mm.

Differs from trapezoidalis (Bellardi) by its smaller size.

JAN.- APRIL, 1937]

WILCOX— ASrUDiB

partly reddish-brown femora, white hairs on scutellum, and

absence of black bristles on scutellum. For key to species see

Bromley^”.

There seems little doubt that this is the proper genus for

this species. Because of the obtuse claws and general piloseness,

it is more closely related to Mallophorina Curran; the longer

genitalia and ovipositor (similar to those of Promachus) , the

more slender hind tibiae, and the narrow second to fourth joints

of the hind tarsi (in Mallophorina these joints are about twice

as broad as long, while in this species they are about as broad

as long) apparently exclude it from Mallophorina.

Eccritosia zamon (Townsend)

This is apparently the Mexican species reported from Ari-

zona by SchaelfeF\ and more recently from Texas by Bromley'^

as E. amphinome Walker. Curran” has recently shown differ-

ences between these two species and gives a key to the species.

The genus is closely related to Proctacanthus but, differs in

having the wings longer than the abdomen, the thorax more

robust, the spines at the tip of the ovipositor extending over the

entire dorsum of the apex of the eighth tergite, and the hairs on

the sides of the first three abdominal segments longer and denser

than in Proctacanthus. The third vein branches before the discal

cross-vein, which separates it from most of the species of Procta-

canthus found in the United States.

This species should be recognized by the following brief

description :

Lengrth 30 mm. Dark brown except hind tibiae and tarsi, which

are yellowish, and third and following abdominal segments, which

are yellowish red. Hairs black except mystax and hairs on hind

tibiae and third and following abdominal segments, which are yel-

lowish; hairs on sides of first four abdominal segments long and

dense, mostly black on first two segments, strongly contrasting

with yellowish hairs on apical part of second, and on third and

fourth segments.

Described from specimens collected in the following locali-

ties: Roosevelt Lake, September (D. K. Duncan) ; Gila Valley,

Graham County, August (D. K. Duncan) ; and San Carlos Lake,

July (D. K. Duncan) ; all in Arizona.

Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 66: 352, 1934.

“Jl. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 24: 66, 1916.

“Ann. Ent. Soc. Am. 27: 106, 1934.

“ Am. Mus. Novitates, Nou 752, pp. 13-15, 1934.

the pan-pacific entomologist [voL.XIII,NOS.1-2

A NEW APHID FROM CALIFORNIA^

(HOMOPTERA^APHIDtE^ )

BY E. O. ESSIG

The Pustulate Willow Aphid

Cavariella pustula Essig, n. sp.

ApteroTis viviparous female. A small slender, flattened species

in which the surface has a most curiously pitted appearance as

shfown in Fig. 1, B. The color varies from pale greenish-yellow

to orange, with the tips of the antennae, leg segments, including

all of the tarsi, and the cornicles dusky. The tip of the abdomen

is extended into a pointed tubercle which completely hides the

cauda from above. The head is set into the thorax without special

differentiation. Frontal tubercles developed; antennae short, the

length of the segments: I, 0.05 mm.; II, 0.03 mm.; Ill, 0.16 mm.;

IV, 0.08 mm.; V, 0.07 mm.; VI, 0.17 mm. (base, 0.10 mm.; unguis,

0.07 mm.); total, 0.56 mm. The legs, especially the first pair,

are short; the tibiae being considerably dilated apically. Rostrum

rather slender apically, extending to the third coxae. The cornicles

are long, narrow basally, swollen in the apical half, restricted at

the tip to form a flanged opening. The outside margin is nearly

straight whereas the inner margin is swollen so as to give the

appearance of recurved organs. They extend slightly beyond the

tip of the abdomen, being 0.39 mm. in length. The abdominal

tubercle is pointed and terminated by two short lateral spines;

including last segment, 0.16 muL in length. Length of the body

1.6 mm., width 0.8 mm.

Alate viviparous female. Rather slender; the head and thoracic

lobes are black; the remainder of the body pale greenish-yellow

with two light green longitudinal stripes on the dorsum of abdo-

men in living specimens. The antennae, tips of the tibiae, the tarsi,

and cauda are dusky; the cornicles concolorous with the abdomen.

In mounted specimens dusky patches may be noted on the dorsum

of the abdomen. The pustulate surface, so conspicuous in the

apterae, is only faintly so in the alatae. The antennae are shorter

than the body, the lengths of the segments I, 0.07 mm.; II, 0.04

mm.; Ill, 0.29 mm.; IV, 0.16 mm.; V, 0.12 mm.; VI, 0.24 mm.;

(base 0.14 mm.; unguis 0.10 mm.); total 0.93 mm. Large, and

rarely small, circular secondary sensoria are arranged in a row

on segment III. The number varies from 5 to 9 with 6 as the

most usual. Rostrum extending midway between the second and

^ The drawings were made poesible through aid received from the WP.A.

* The writer has come to the conclusion that there is no longer any good rea-

son why the superfluous spelling : Aphidid^ should be continued for the family

name, and is therefore adopting the above form along with other modem

aphidologists, as the correct family designation. Deriveid as it is from the Linnean

genus Aphis, there appears to be no other alternative.

JAN.- APRIL, 1937]

ESSIG— A NEW APHID

third coxas. Legs short, tips of tibiae and the tarsi black. Cornicles

as illustrated, extending beyond tip of cauda; dusky; length 0.31

mm. Cauda dark; nearly pyramidal in shape; with 2 or 3 pairs

of hairs; length 0.12 mm. Dorsal abdominal tubercle, small, ter-

minated by two short spines; 0.05 mm. long. Length of body 1.5

mm.; width 0.7 mm.; length of fore wing 2.6 mm.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL.Xni,NOS.l-2

This aphid has been collected only in several localities in

the San Francisco Bay region on the tender shoots and under-

sides of the leaves of willow, Salix sp. The first specimens were

taken by C. F. Roesling, February 28, March 1, and April 19,

1923. In March, 1925, Eric Walther found the same species in

Golden Gate Park, San Francisco. I took a large series of speci-

mens in Strawberry Canyon on April 19 and 29, 1935. The

aphids occurred abundantly only on a single tree. K A. Drews

also collected specimens on willows growing in the rock quarry

near Grizzley Peak Boulevard, Berkeley, March 27, 1936.

The species has been described from a large number of

specimens designated as cotypes in the author’s collection.

Cavariella pustula n. sp. is readily separated from other re-

lated species by the short unguis, the small number of secondary

sensoria of antennal segment III of the alataB, and the pitted sur-

face of the apteraB.

Food Plant Records for two Epinotia Species

Epinotia johnsonana (Kearfoot). A series of six adults of

this very striking brick-red species have been examined. These

were reared from cream bush, Holodiscus discolor (Pursh)

Maxim, during April and May, 1927 and 1934, by Mr. H. H.

Keifer, from Phoenix Lake, Marin County, California. Appar-

ently the food plant has previously been reported for this species.

Epinotia solandriana (linn.) Mature larvae of this species

were first observed on April 5, 1936, rolling and feeding on the

leaves of red alder, Alnus rubra Bong, in Strawberry Canyon,

Berkeley, California. Adults first emerged on April 28, 1936.

A previous record on crab-apple is reported by Heinrich, and

European records of willow and birch. The determination of

this species was kindly made by Mr. Carl Heinrich. — W. Harry

Lange, Jr. March 22, 1937.

jan.-april,1937]

BOHART— STYL.OPS

A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF THE GENUS STYLOPS

IN CALIFORNIA (Part II

( Strepsiptera, Stylopidae )

BY RICHARD M. BOHART

University of California, Berkeley

Seven species of Stylo ps have been recorded from California.

In the present paper five new species are described. The varia-

tion existing among the females of a single species throws con-

siderable doubt upon the validity of the numerous species which

have been named in the past on the basis of single females. The

chief difficulty arises from the fact that characters which are

constant in the females of one species may be inconstant in

another. Unless otherwise stated types of the new species are

in the collection of the California Academy of Sciences.

The following key is necessarily cumbersome because of the

rarity of unique specific characteristics. It is by no means in-

tended to be final as many of the less common species have yet

to be described.

Key to the Females of the Genus Stylops

Recorded from California

1. Mandibles with a prominent basal tubercle (Part I, figs. 18,

21)^ ^.vandykei Bohart

... Prominent basal tubercle lacking 2

2. Cephalothorax with the spiracles located very far back so that

the distance between the spiracles and the apex is at least eight-

tenths as long as the distance between the spiracles; cephalo-

thorax longer than broad (figs. 14, 15, IS) ....elongatns Bohart

... Cephalothorax with the distance between the spiracles and

apex less than eight-tenths as long as the distance between

the spiracles 3

3. With two transverse pigment spots on either side of the middle

at the anterior limit of the spiracular region; cephalothorax

narrowed strongly toward the apex; basal band darker on

the posterior half, with the anterior margin wavy and indis-

tinctly outlined (figs. 10, 11) apicalis Bohart

... Without the above combination of characters 4

4. Cephalothorax longer than broad; wide at the mandibles;

outer rim of the mandibles with a swelling just above the

middle and with a usually discernible ventral tubercle above

the swelling (figs. 17, 20) duboisi Bohart

1 A Preliminary Study of the Genus Stylops in California (Part I), Pan-Paciflc

Entomologist, Vol. XII, pp. 9-18.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yOL. XIII, NOS. 1-2

— Without the above combination of characters 5

5. Spiracular area transparent and well defined; anterior margin

of basal band convex; cephalothorax broader than long (figs.

16, 19) centroclanis Bohart

... Without the above combination of characters 6

6. Cephalothorax spade-shaped with the apical angles sharp;

mandibles usually not incurved above the middle; anterior

margin of basal band usually strongly convex 7

... Cephalothorax more or less shovel-shaped with the apical

angles very broad and rounded; or if not, mandibles incurved

above the middle, or anterior margin of the basal band not

convex 8

7. Lateral margins bent distinctly outward at the base of the

head which is very broad (Part I, figs. 16, 22)

..timberlakei Bohart

... Lateral margins straight or slightly convex from spiracles to

apical angles; base of head relatively narrow (Part I, figs.

15, 20) pacijiciis Bohart

8. Spiracles prominent laterally; mandibles incurved beneath the

strongly rounded outer apex; apex of cephalothorax broadly

truncate calif ornica Pierce

... Spiracles at most barely exceeding the margins; or if slightly

prominent, mandibles not strongly rounded at outer apex, or

cephalothorax not broadly truncate at apex 9

9. Basal band much lighter on the posterior one-half, convex on

anterior margin; rim of mandibles thick (figs. 12, 13)

heterocingvlatus Bohart

... Basal band evenly colored, not convex on anterior margin; rim

of mandibles not unusually thick 10

10. Lateral margins angled behind the spiracles; mandibles

incurved below the outer apex, usually protruding over

the margins of the apical angles of the cephalothorax (Part

I, figs. 17, 19) medionitans Pierce

... Lateral margins usually smoothly rounded behind the spiracles ;

mandibles not incurved below the outer apex, lying wholly

within the outlines of the cephalothorax suhcandidse Pierce

Stylops centroclarus Bohart, new species

(Figs. 1, 5, 7, 16, and 19)

The male of centroclarus can be distinguished by the form

of its aedeagus from all other described species with the possible

exception of cuneiformis Bohart from which the shape of the

scutellum readily separates it. The female differs from all

other thus far described species by the clear, colorless, well-

defined spiracular area. It belongs to the group of species para-

JAN.-APRIL, 1937]

BOHART— STYLOPS

sitic on bees of the subgenus Trachandrena and may be further

separated from claytonice Pierce and hip poles Pierce by its more

prominent spiracles and its reduced area in front of the mandi-

bles ; and from salicifloris Pierce by the convexity of the anterior

margin of the basal band.

Male. Black, abdomen fuscous, tarsi light. Antennae rela-

tively long, segments three to six with the length ratio 49:22 :14:20

respectively. Metaprescutum broad and rounded, distinctly separated

from the scutellum by a depressed scutal area ; scutellum very broad

posteriorly and evenly rounded toward the apex; postlumbium

short and broad; postscutellum longer than the rest of the meta-

thorax, broadly rounded posteriorly. Aedeagus very slender and

angulate, bent at less than a right angle, apical margin slightly

more than one-third the length of the main axis. Length exclud-

ing the antennae, 3.35 mm.; length of antennae, 0.97 mm.; width

of head, 0.99 mm.; wing expanse, about 5.8 mm.

Female. Cephalothorax with a ferrugino-testaceous lateral

margin extending inward as much as one-fourth the width of the

thorax, central portion pale, spiracular area almost transparent,

colorless, and bounded anteriorly by a transverse darkened area,

basal band fuscous. Cephalothorax broader than long, apical mar-

gin straight, lateral margins irregularly convex, angled behind

the spiracles; mouth hemispherical, area in front of mandibles

very small, mandibles bluntly toothed apically, outer edge rounded,

inner edge bent at the middle and straight from the bend to the

apex; spiracles large and prominent; basal band evenly colored,

half as long asi wide, convex along the anterior margin, and more

than half on the cephalothorax. Width of cephalothorax at

spiracles, 0.97 mm.; width at base of mandibles, 0.35 mm.; width

at base of head, 0.50 mm.; width at base of cephalothorax, 0.70

mm.; length from front edge of spiracles to apex, 0.64 mm.;

length of cephalothorax, 0.90 mm.

Triungulinid. Body oblong-ovate, broadest at the middle;

length of body excluding stylets, 0.156 mm.; length of stylets,

0.068 mm.; width! of head, 0.034 mm.

Holotype, male, Berkeley, California, March 24, 1936. Allo-

type, female, Calaveras Dam, Santa Clara Co., California, April

14, 1936 (with triungulinids ) . Paratypes, one female, Berkeley,

California, March 14, 1936; two females, same data as allotype

All type material collected by G. E. Bohart.

Host. Andrena {Trachandrena) sp. near salicifloris Ckll.

(det. by P. H. Timberlake) taken on blackberry and poison oak.

the pan-pacific entomologist [vOL. XIII, nos. 1-2

Stylops duboisi Bohart, new species

(Figs. 2, 3, 6, 8, 17, and 20)

The manner in which the fourth antennal segment arises from

the third separates the male of this species at once. Also the

sixth antennal segment is longer than the fourth and the pre-

scutum is almost a perfect pentagon. The female is also easy

to distinguish on the basis of the shape and uniform color of

the basal band, the angled outline of the cephalothorax, the

small size, and particularly the form of the mandibles.

In addition to the collection and donation of many other speci-

mens, Mr. J. J. Du Bois furnished most of the type series of this

species and I take pleasure in naming it in his honor.

Male. Black, abdomen fuscous, tarsi light. Antennae with

fourth segment inserted about half its length from the base of

the third segment, fifth antennal segment bearing a distinct pore

at the middle of the inner surface, antennal segments three to

six with the length ratio 49:17:15:22 respectively; head relatively

small, with a weakly sclerotized area dorsally in back of each

antennal base. Metaprescutum almost a perfect pentagon, dis-

tinctly separated from the scutellum by a broad, depressed scutal

area; scutellum broad and evenly rounded; postlumbium almost

as long as wide; postscutellum longer than the rest of the meta-

thorax, broadly rounded posteriorly. Aedeagus not strongly angu-

late, apical process relatively stout, apical margin about one-third

the length of the main axis. Length excluding antennae, 3.22

mm.; length of antennae, 0.80 mm.; width of head, 0.77 mm.; wing

expanse, about 5.4 mm.

Male puparium cap. Maxillae represented by a pair of oval

rings separated from each other by more than three times their

diameter, mandibles separated by once and a half their breadth,

eye sockets separated by three times their breadth.

Female. Cephalothorax testaceous, slightly darker toward the

margins and lighter in the spiracular area, basal band fuscous.

Cephalothorax longer than broad, apical margin straight, lateral

margins nearly straight from the apical angles to an angle behind

the spiracles; mouth oval, mandibles narrowed toward the apex

and with a very small apical tooth, outer rim of mandibles not

incurved but strongly swollen above the middle and with a hardly

discernible ventral tubercle ; spiracles exceeding the margins, large

but flattened and receding into the cephalothorax; basal band more

than half on the cephalothorax, evenly colored, half as long as

wide, straight along the anterior margin. Width of cephalothorax

at spiracles, 0.53 mm.; width at base of mandibles, 0.21 mm.;

JAN.- APRIL, 1937]

BOHART— STYLOPS

width at base of head, 0.46 mm.; width at base of cephalothorax,

0.39 mm.; length from front edge of spiracles to apex, 0.37 mm.;

length of cephalothorax, 0.56 mm.

Holotype, male, Davis, California, no date. Allotype, female,

Davis, California, April 1, 1936. Paratypes, seven females, same

data as allotype; one female, Davis, California, April 6, 1936,

collected by the author. Unless otherwise stated, all type ma-

terial was collected by J. J. Du Bois.

Host. Andrena [Micrandrena) sp. (det. by P. H. Timber-

lake) taken on willow.

Sty lop 8 elongatus Bohart, new species

(Figs. 4, 9, 14, 15, and 18)

The male of this species approaches medionitans Pierce in

general appearance, but the scutellum of the latter is less rounded

and the last antennal segment is considerably less than twice as

long as the fifth. The female is unique in its great length of

the cephalothorax in front of the spiracles. In extreme speci-

mens this distance surpasses the breadth at the spiracles. The

mandibles are peculiar and variable (two different types are

illustrated). The apical area in front of the mandibles and the

anterior margin of the basal band is usually convex.

Male. Black, abdomen fuscous, tarsi light. Head broad, eyes

small; antennse with segment four more than twice as long as

five, segments three to six with the length ratio 50:23:10:19

respectively; maxillae small, second segment relatively slender and

shorter than antennal segment four. Metaprescutum rounded,

separated from the scutellum by a depressed scutal area ; scutellum

very short and broad at the base; postlumbium wider than long;

postscutellum longer than the rest of the meta thorax, narrowly

rounded posteriorly. Aedeagus slender toward the apex, not in-

cised behind the process, apical margin bent at an obtuse angle

below the inner process, apical process slender (tip of process

broken in mounting). Length excluding antennse, 3.05 mm.;

length of antennae, 0.79 mm.; width of head, 0.80 mm.; wing

expanse, about 5.0> mm.

Male puparium cap. Maxillae represented by a pair of oval rings

separated from each other by twice their diameter, mandibles

separated by once and a half their breadth, eye sockets separated

by four times their breadth.

Female. Cephalothorax ferrugino-testaceous, lighter in the

spiracular area which is bounded anteriorly by a transverse dark-

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yOL. XIII, NOS. 1-2

ened area, basal band fuscous. Cephalothorax longer than broad,

apical margin not convex, lateral margins convex, strongly con-

stricted behind the spiracles ; area in front of the mandibles promi-

nent, mouth oval, mandibles very bluntly toothed apically and with

a very small lateral projection on the inner margin below the

apical tooth, margin incurved on the outer side and with a promi-

nent hump below the middle; spiracles exceeding the margins and

placed very far back on the cephalothorax; basal band strongly

convex on anterior margin and evenly colored. Width of cephalo-

thorax at spiracles, 1.09 mm.; width at base of mandibles, 0.38

mm.; width at base of head, 0.61 mm.; width at base of cephalo-

thorax, 0.68 mm.; length from front edge of spiracles to apex,

0.87 mm.; length of cephalothorax, 1.16 mm.

Holotype, male, Soboba Hot Springs, Riverside Co., Cali-

fornia, February 26, 1936. Allotype, female. Riverside, Cali-

fornia, April 26, 1934. Paratypes, five females, March and April

in Riverside, California; two females, December and March re-

spectively, Needles, California; and three females, Claremont,

California. All type material was collected by P. H. Timberlake.

Host. The holotype and allotype were extracted from two

specimens of Andrena sp. near hlaisdelli Ckll. (A. oenotherce

Timberlake in manuscript) . All paratypes were taken from

Andrena hlaisdelli Ckll. (det. by P. H. Timberlake) .

Stylops apicalis Bohart, new species

(Figs. 10 and 11)

The two elongate transverse spots marking the anterior limit

of the spiracular area will serye to distinguish the female of this

species from nubeculce Pierce and swenki Pierce which it re-

sembles in general. Also, the unusual character of the basal

band is outstanding.

Female. Ferrugino- testaceous at the sides, lighter toward the

center; spiracular area bounded anteriorly by two elongate dark

spots; basal band fuscous, becoming lighter toward the front.

Cephalothorax as broad as long, strongly narrowed toward the

mandibles, apical margin not convex at the middle, lateral mar-

gins convexly undulate; area in front of the mandibles prominent,

mouth oval, mandibles incurved on the outer edge, outer rim not

swollen above the middle but strongly calloused from the middle

to the base, apical tooth large; spiracles small but exceeding the

margins ; basal band with anterior margin not well defined, irregu-

lar, depressed on each side of the middle. Width of cephalothorax

JAN.-APRIL, 1937]

BO H ART— ST YLOPS

at spiracles, 1.07 mm.; width at base of mandibles, 0.40; width

at base of head, 0.60 mm.; width at base of cephalothorax, 0.88

mm.; length from front edge of spiracles to apex, 0.75 mm.; length

of cephalothorax, 1.07 mm.

Triungulinid. Body stout, oblong-ovate, head large. Length

of body excluding stylets, 0.195 mm.; length of stylets, 0.092 mm.;

width of head, 0.047 mm.

Holotype, female, Berkeley, California, April 17, 1935, G. E.

Bohart collector. Paratypes, two females, Carmel, California,

March 24, 1919; one female, Sausalito, California, May 2, 1920,

C. L. Fox collector; one female, Berkeley, California, June 16,

1933 (with triungulinids ) , P. H. Timberlake collector.

Host. Andrena saccata Vier. (det. by P. H. Timberlake).

Stylops heterocingulatus Bohart, new species

(Figs. 12 and 13)

The odd coloration of the basal band and the thick-rimmed

mandibles, which are often merely pointed, separate this species

from advarians Pierce, subcanidce Pierce, claytonice Pierce,

and vicince Pierce which are somewhat similar in cephalothoracic

outline. Heterocingulatus is the first species of Stylops to appear

in the San Francisco Bay region where it occurs in February.

In the Sacramento Valley it is most often taken in April.

Female. Cephalothorax ferrugino-testaceous, lighter in the

spiracular area, basal band fusco-testaceous on the thorax, lighter

on the abdomen. Cephalothorax a little longer than wide, apex

straight at the middle, lateral margins convex, constricted at the

base of the mandibles; mouth oval, mandibles with, a thick rim

which is incurved on the outer side and thickened below the middle,

mandibles broad apically and strongly rounded at the outer apex,

apical tooth small and not well defined; spiracles large but set in

and hence not prominent laterally; basal band convex anteriorly,

more than half on the cephalothorax. Width of cephalothorax at

spiracles, 0.76 mm.; width at base of mandibles, 0.30 mm.; width

at base of head, 0.48 mm.; width at base of cephalothorax, 0.52

mm.; length from front edge of spiracles to apex, 0.50 mm.; length

of cephalothorax, 0.80 mm.

Triungulinid. Body slender, long oval. Length of body ex-

cluding stylets, 0.204 mm.; length of stylets, 0.094 mm.; width of

head, 0.036 mm.

the pan-pacific entomologist [vQL. XIII, nos. 1-2

jan.-april,1937]

BOHART— STYLOPS

Holotype, female, Davis, California, April 1, 1936, J. J. Du

Bois collector. Paratypes, one female, same data as holotype;

four females, Yolo Causeway, Yolo Co., California, April 24,

1936; two females, Yolo Causeway, Yolo Co., California, May

4', 1936 (with triungulinids) . All paratypes were collected by

the author unless otherwise indicated.

Host. Andrena pensilis (Timberlake manuscript) and An-

drena sp. near angustitarsata Vier. (Berkeley, California) (de-

terminations by P. H. Timberlake) .

Correction : In Part I of this paper, Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Vol. XII, No. 1, on page 13, line 12, “prescutum” should be

changed to scutellum” and in line 13 of the same page, the

second “wide” should be changed to “long.”

Explanation of Plate

Fig. 1. centroclarus, venter of male metathorax. Fig. 2.

duboisi, venter of male metathorax. Fig. 3. duboisi, antenna.

Fig. 4. elongatus, antenna. Fig. 5. centroclarus, aedeagus. Fig.

6. duboisi, aedeagus. Fig. 7. centroclarus, male. Fig. 8.

duboisi, male. Fig. 9. elongatus, male Fig. 10. opicalis, female

mandible. Fig. 11. apicalis, female cephalothorax. Fig. 12.

heterocingulatus, female cephalothorax. Fig. 13. heterocingw-

latus, female mandible. Figs. 14 and 15. elongatus, female mandi-

bles. Fig. 16. centroclarus, female mandible. Fig. 17. duboisi,

female mandible. Fig. 18. elongatus, female cephalothorax. Fig.

19. centroclarus, female cephalothorax. Fig. 20. duboisi, female

cephalothorax.

A New Locality for Grylloblatta

Upon a recent trip, November 27, 1936, through southern

Oregon, I collected near Crater Lake, two specimens of the quite

rare Grylloblatta, both females. To my knowledge this is a

new locality, the nearest record being in Plumas County, Cali-

fornia.

Both specimens were found beneath the same rock near a

spring at an elevation of about 6500 feet. Further investigation

produced no more individuals.

Although both females are only 16 mm. long, they appear

to be mature and seem to be of the same species, Grylloblatta

campodeiformis, described by Walker from Banff, Alberta in

1914. — James E. Elsea.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yOL. XIII, NOS. 1-2

THE LIFE HISTORY OF GUARAX ARENE COQ. (DIPTERA-

CHLOROPID^), AN EGG PREDATOR OF THE BLACK

WIDOW SPIDER, LATRODECTUS MACTANS (FABR.)

BY EDWARD L. KESSEL AND BERTA B. KESSEL

University of San Francisco

Gaurax aranece is a dipterous predator of the eggs of the

black widow spider, Latrodectus mactans. It is a common species

in the San Francisco Bay region, and at Mill Valley some 40%

of an extensive series of black widow egg sacs collected by the

authors were found infested thereby. It does not appear to

be solely a predator of Latrodectus, however. Essig (1926)

states that it was reared from the egg sac of another spider,

Argiope riparia Hentz' many years ago. Its significance was not

recognized at that time, however, as it was regarded as a

scavenger. Its true predatory nature was first pointed out by

Herms et al (1935) when it was found destroying the eggs of

Latrodectus in several parts of California. No reports on the

life history of this predator appear to have been published here-

tofore, with the exception of a recent, ahly illustrated popular

account by Jenks (1936). His report disagrees, however, on

several important points with the results herein recorded.

The first adults used in the present study were reared from

pupae collected in the field. The breeding cages were kept in

the laboratory where the temperature averaged 68° F. It was

found necessary to feed the flies in order to get them to oviposit.

This was done hy placing a piece of hanana or other fruit in

the cage. Properly nourished flies oviposit readily on the sur-

face of the spider’s egg sac at any point. Each female lays from

15 to 25 eggs which measure approximately .5 mm. by .12 mm.

The chorion is glistening white and deeply ridged longitudinally.

The incubation period is six days. The newly emerged larvae

average .6 mm. in length.

Almost at once, following eclosion, the larvae exhibit a ten-

dency to migrate toward the suspending end of the egg sac, the

path taken, however, being very erratic. At intervals along the

way the larvae pause and attempt to penetrate the fabric of the

egg sac. Such attempts appear never to be successful, although

a larva may spend several minutes standing on end trying to

jan.-april,1937]

KESSEL— GAUBAX

force an opening with its mouthparts. Normally, entrance into

the egg sac seems to be accomplished only by passing through

the loosely woven primary layer of silk where it is left incom-

pletely covered by the secondary tough protective coat at the

suspending end. The larvae perish on the surface if they do not

succeed in making their way into the cavity of the sac within

a few hours after hatching.

After gaining an entrance, the young larvae begin feeding

on the spider eggs. The larval period is eight days, pupation

invariably occurring on the fourteenth day after the eggs are

laid. The full grown larvae vary in length from 3 mm. to 4

mm., depending upon their number and the number of spider

eggs originally present in the egg case. (In one instance a

number of flies were allowed to oviposit on the same egg sac

and together they deposited about 400 ova. The number of

spider eggs in the sac proved insufficient to supply nourishment

for so many predators, for, after destroying all the eggs, the

larvae died without reaching maturity.)

When ready to pupate, the Gaurax larv^ pull apart the inner

loosely woven fabric of the spider’s egg sac, separating it from

the tough outer covering so that the former comes to form a

loose mass in the interior of the sac. The larv^ then tear away, at

scattered points, the inner portion of the tough fabric so that it

becomes extremely thin in these spots. Pupation occurs any

place within the cavity, either next to the outer wall or suspended

among the tangled strands of the inner sac. The pupae measure

some 3 mm. in length.

The pupal period lasts fourteen days. The emerged flies

escape from the spider’s egg case by forcing their way through

one or more of the thinned regions prepared in the silken fabric

by the larvae.

Ordinarily, a black widow egg sac harbors only one brood

of these predators. However, one sac was taken in the field which

produced two broods of Gaurax with several days difference in

their ages. Both broods were small, and it is probable that

they were derived from eggs deposited by two females at different

times.

Because of the relatively high incidence of infestation ob-

served during this study of Gaurax on Latrodectus, it is evident

that this fly is an important factor in reducing the number of

the PAN-PACIFIC entomologist [vOL. XIII, nos. 1-2

black widow spiders in the field. No infested egg sacs were taken

from enclosed environments such as from under houses or in

garages or outhouses. Gaurax therefore appears to be insig-

nificant in the control of Latrodectus in human habitations where

the latter is a particular menace to humans.

Literature Cited

Essig, E. 0.

1926 Insects of Western North America. 1035 pages. Macmillan

Co. N. Y.

Herms, W. B., Bailey, S. F., Mclvor, Barbara.

1935 The Black Widow Spider. Univ. of California Agric,

Exp. Sta., Bulletin 691.

Jenks, G. E.

1936 Life Story of the Black Widow and her Insect Enemy.

Popular Science Monthly, August, pp. 32-34.

NOTE ON ARGYNNIS SKINNERI HOLLAND

( Lepido ptera-Nymphalidae )

BY william HOVANITZ

University of California, Berkeley

In the revised edition of the Butterfly Book (p. 95) Dr. W. J.

Holland (1931) makes the following statement: “’The specific

name sakuntala is dangerously near to Argynnis sakontala

Kollar, which designates a race of A. childreni from the Hima-

layas. It would appear to be desirable to change the specific

name, and in that case it would be most appropriate to name

the form A. skinneri in honor of the first describer.” In this

statement and his use of sakuntala in other parts of his work,

it seems to be obvious, though I may be in error, that Dr. Hol-

land is not intending to rename sakuntala Skinner (1911) but

is merely stating that it ought to be so named in case it is

found necessary. However, in such cases we cannot quibble

about what he meant or did not mean and must regard the name

as being proposed, as has been done in the Zoological Record.

Skinneri is not needed as sakuntala Skinner (1911) and sakontala

Kollar (1844) are not from the same root and the former, there-

fore, is not a homonym. As a matter of form: Arg, skinneri

Holland = Arg. sakuntala Skinner.

jan.-april,1937]

JAMES— COMANTELLA

THE GENUS COMANTELLA CURRAN

(DIPTERA, ASILID^)

BY MAURICE T. JAMES

Colorado State College, Fort CoUins

Examination of a splendid collection of Asilidae made by

Rev. Fr. Bernard Rotger, C. R., in the vicinity of Durango, Colo.,

has revealed a fourth species of Comantella Curran (1923).

This is described in the present paper. I am indebted to Mr.

J. Wilcox for the loan of specimens and for helpful suggestions,

and to Mr. C. H. Martin for the loan of a male of C. cristata

(Coq.) .

Key to Species

1. Style one-third as long as the long slender third antennal

segments; venter black-haired, at least on the anterior seg-

ments 2

-. Style over half as long as the shorter, laterally gently con-

vex, third antennal segment; venter wholly pale haired 3

2. Thoracic mane set on a definitely demarcated black vitta

rotgeri, n. sp.

... Medial vitta of thorax at most but poorly defined../aZiei (Back)

3. Scutellum with 4-6 bristles cristata (Coq.)

... Scutellum with 10 or more bristles pacifica Curran

Comantella rotgeri James, new species

Close to fallei (Back) ; the mystax, however, is considerably

coarser and is not white-tipped; the first antennal segment is

more slender; the general body color is darker; the pale hairs

and bristles are a deeper yellow, and the thoracic mane is set

on a black vitta which is definitely demarcated from the pale-

pollinose part of the thorax. The pale pile of the body is coarser

but less dense than in fallei, and the pile of the venter is coarser

and more extensively black. Otherwise, it agrees well with Cur-

ran’s redescription of fallei (Canadian Ent., 58; 311-312), with

the holotype of that species, and with series from several locali-

ties in eastern Colorado.

Holotype, S , Stollsteimer, Colo., 6500 ft., Oct. 29, 1935

(Rotger) ; allotype, $, same date; paratopotypes, 3$ , 2$, same

data; paratypes, 2$, 1 , Arboles, Colo., 6000 ft., Oct. 30, 1935

(Rotger); 12, Pagosa Junction, Archuleta Co. 6275 ft., March

16, 1936 (Rotger); 23 2, 19(J, Grand Co., N. M., Nov. 11-19

(R. T. Kellogg) ; 12, Silver City, N. M., Nov. 17, 1933 (R. T.

the pan -pacific entomologist [vOL. XIII, nos. 1-2

Kellogg) ; 2 , Silver City, N. M., Nov. 17, 1933 (R. T. Kellogg) ;

21 2 , 23 , Medicine Hat, Alta., Canada, Oct. 14, 15, and 22,

1932, Mar. 18 and 25, 1933, and Apr. 1, 15, and 22, 1933 (F. S.

Carr ) .

Stollsteimer (or Francis), which I do not find on the map,

is. Father Rotger informs me, situated between the Piedra River

and Nutrio Creek, 12 miles north of Arboles.

COMANTELLA CRISTATA (Coq.)

Only the female of this species has been described.

Male. Head black, clothed with whitish pollen; the mystax

composed of black bristles, some of which terminate in yellow,

interspersed with finer yellow hairs; the strong bristles of the

vertex black, the stiff hairs of the vertex and front mostly yellow,

with a few black ones interspersed; hairs of proboscis, cheeks,

and occiput abundant, silky, yellow to white; antennae and pro-

boscis black. First and second antennal segments subequal, short,

rather stout, with yellow hairs above and black bristles apically

below; the third segment slightly longer than the first and sec-

ond combined, carrot-shaped, broad basally and tapering apically;

the style as long as the first two segments combined. Thorax black,

yellow pollinose, with three stripes of white pollen on the dorsum

behind the suture, the middle one extending to the base of the

scutellum and spreading out to each posterior callus, the lateral

ones disappearing about half way between the suture and the

scutellum; a small white-pollinose spot on each side laterally be-

hind the suture. The mane consists of dense, black bristles set

on a glossy black vitta anteriorly (this merges, through yellow

pollen, into the white-pollinose median vitta behind the suture) ;

bristles of thorax, including legs, otherwise yellow, the pile also

yellow. Scutellum with six black bristles and abundant silky

pale-yellow hair, which extends anteriorly onto the thorax. Wings

typical of genus. Abdomen black; the bases of segments two,

three, and four, except laterally, the sides of all segments, and

arcuate areas extending somewhat anteriorly from the posterior

corners of the segments, pale yellow pollinose. Pile of abdomen

entirely yellow, bushy on the sides and ventrally, short on the

middle of the dorsum.

Neallotype, male, Mill Creek Canyon, Calif., Nov. 9, 1930

(C. H. & D. Martin), in Mr. Martin’s collection.

I have the following records of other members of this genus.

C. pacifica Curran; Moses Coulee, Wash., April 2, 1933 (C. H.

& Dorothy Martin, J. Wilcox) ; Vantage, Wash., April 1, 1933

(C. H. & Dorothy Martin). C. fallei (Back) : Kirk, Colo., April

jan.-april,1937]

JAMES— CO MANTELLlA

7, 1933 (J. L. Hoeraer) ; Ft. Collins, Colo., April 22, 1907;

Denver, Colo., March 3, 1902, and Oct. 26, 1901 (S. A. John-

son) ; Colorado Springs, Colo., April 1, 1932, and April 5 and

14, 1930.

The peculiar seasonal distribution of the genus (very late

fall, very early spring) is curious. Spring specimens appear

too fresh to have undergone hibernation as adults. Possibly

there is a partial emergence of the brood in the fall, with a con-

tinuance of the emergence the following spring.

NOTE ON THE COLEOPTERA FAUNA OF ALASKA

BY MELVILLE H. HATCH

University of Washington, Seattle, Wash.

The two principal lists of Alaskan Coleoptera are those by

Hamilton (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XXI, 1894, pp. 1-38) and

Fall (Pan-Pac. Ent., II, 1926, pp. 127-154, 191-208). The former

lists 572 species, the latter 448, including 117 species not in

the former, so that the two together list 779 species. Scattered

records, mostly compiled from the Leng Catalogue, raise this

figure to 914. Of this number, however, 202 are without specific

locality other than “Alaska,” leaving a total of 712 species to

be considered below. Per-

No. centage

of of total

species (712)

Southeastern Alaska 403 57%

Only southeastern Alaska 256 36%

South of Alaska Mts 628 88%

Only south of Alaska Mts 566 79%

South central Alaska and Alaska Peninsula 355 50%

Only south central Alaska and Alaska Peninsula 163 2'4%

Aleutian and Pribilof Islands 104 15%

Only Aleutian and Pribilof Islands 18 3%

Central Alaska ^56 22%

Only central Alaska ^3 12%

North of Baird Mts 63 0.4%

Only north of Baird Mts 66 60%

These data are taken from a manuscript catalogue of the

Coleoptera of Alaska prepared under my supervision by Miss

Harriet Ruth Smith, a student at the University of Washington,

employed by the Works Progress Administration.

the pan-pacific entomologist [vOL. XIII, nos. 1-2

NEW HORSEFLIES (TABANID^, DIPTERA) FROM

THE SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES

BY CORNELIUS B. PHILIP

Hamilton, Montana

A new variety of Tahanus tetricus Mart. (syn. hirtulus Big.)

from southern Colorado and Arizona, and one new Tahanus s.

stT. from Arizona are herewith described. The red on the sides

of both sexes of the first is so extensive as to suggest relation-

ship to the affinis group, and more pronounced than any seen

in a long series of typical tetricus from Montana and other

northern localities. Until the male was associated, it was thought

to be distinct, but I suspect that complete intergradation will

eventually be found and the present name is offered to call atten-

tion to this extreme variation which would otherwise confuse

assignment of individual specimens or small series from the

region.

My reasons for considering tetricus and hirtulus synonymous,

in spite of the respective difference of denudation and polli-

nosity of the subcallus, are given elsewhere (1935, 1936) ; the

present variety is closer structurally to hirtulus but tinctorially

to tetricus. Type material, unless otherwise mentioned, is in

the collection of the author.

Tahanus tetricus rubrilatus Philip, n. var.

Antennae dark red basally, black distad of the low promi-

nence on the third segment; latter in $ chunky, rather wide,

hardly excised, annulate portion short. Second palpal joints

( 9 ) pale, creamy, strongly incrassate basally and tapering

rapidly to a point. Ante-alar tubercles reddish. Abdomen dark

reddish laterally with a broad, black irregular interval inclosing

a row of pale discontinuous triangles, largest on the second seg-

ment, and an equivalent row of pale dashes superimposed on

the red on either side, composed mostly of pale hairs. Wings

hyaline, the costal and 1st M cells tinged with dilute yellowish,

a pronounced spur on the “fork” of vein R5.

Female. Length 15 nmu Eyes hairy, with four green bands

on a purple ground (relaxed). Front about three times as high

as basal width, distinctly convergent, grayish pollinose with short

JAN. -APRIL, 1937]

PHILIP— TABANIDiE

black hairs; callosity black, subquadrate, occupying: full width of

front and narrowly joined to a linear extension scarcely half the

height of the front ; ocelligerous tubercle small but distinctly brown-

ish. Subcallus and face dark gray pollinose, the latter heavily pale

pilose. Third antennal joint 1.14 nun. in total length by 0.5 basal

breadth, the annuli 0.54 nun. Palpi about three quarters the length

of the stylets, with many pale, and a few black hairs, 1.05 x 0.6

mm. in length and maximum thickness. Thorax dull black, with

the usual gray lines; pleurse smoky. Legs with all femora, the

fore tibiae distally and fore tarsi blackish, remainder dull red,

darkening distally. Abdominal dorsal incisures pale-haired, inter-

rupted narrowly by black on either side of the bases of the median

triangles only. Red extending onto sides of first tergite, one-

half or less its width, fading posteriorly on the fourth and fifth

segments. Venter dull reddish covered with appressed yellowish

hairs, darker distally.

Male, 15 nun. Differs from the 9 in the usual sexual char-

acters, the third antennal joint more slender and a little more

excavated, 0.36 x 1.14 mm. in breadth and length, the annuli 0.54;

the terminal palpal segments pale yellowish, subovoid, 0.48 x 0.9

mm. without the apical nipple of T. hirtulus allotype (Philip,

1936). Thorax blackish, the gray lines evanescent anteriorly. Red

on sides of abdomen extensive on tergites II and III encroaching

on IV, almost crossing I laterally and involving the first four

sternites almost completely; the lateral pale dashes evident but

not as prominent as in the 9 , the black intervals on tergites II

and III subquadrate, somewhat widened behind. Outer fore tarsal

claws about a fourth longer than the inner.

Holotype 9, southern Colo., Aug. 9, 1935, 9500 feet, C. B.

Philip. Allotype S , Cornet Creek, Telluride, Colo., July 9,

1919, about 10,500 feet. Paratypes, 2 9, same data as holotype;

3 $, Greer, Arizona, 8000 feet, June 25, 1926, C. T. Vorhies;

1 2, White Mountains, Arizona, July 28, 1926, R. B. Streets;

2 2, Custer Co., Colo., Aug. 9, 1928, 9000 feet, R. H. Painter;

5 2, Conejos Canyon, Conejos Co., Colo., July 6 to Aug. 9,

1932, G. M. Kohls. In the collection of the U. S. Nat’l Museum,

the University of Arizona at Tucson, Kansas State College at

Manhattan, Ohio State Museum at Columbus, The Rocky Moun-

tain Laboratory of the U. S. P. H. S., and the author.

The Conejos specimens are the least extreme with the an-

tennae and palpi a little less chunky than in the holotype. The

abdomen has an orange-brownish cast on the sides of well pre-

served specimens due to the heavy vestiture of black hairs out-

side the triangles, but in one worn specimen from Custer Co.,

the pan-pacific entomologist [vOL.XIILNOS.1-2

Colorado, the red appears more pinkish and extensive, connected

across the incisures, the triangles almost obliterated.

Separated from confusable members of the affinis group by

the lack of faint clouds on the wings or of intense costal and

basal infuscation, the presence of a long stump- vein, and the

incrassate, more sharply pointed pale palpi.

Tabanus eurycerus Philip, n. sp.^

So closely resembles T. laticornis Hine as not to have been

suspected until the males appeared. The eyes are glabrous,

pattern (relaxed) two green bands on a purple ground (in male

confined to area of small facets) ; antennae bright red, annuli

black, first joint a little swollen, third as wide as long, sub-

rectangulate and slightly excised above, strongly bowed below;

wings including the costal cell hyaline, “fork” of R5 not

apppendiculate.

Female. Length 13.5 mm. Front a little over four times as

high as the width of the callosity, convergent below, gray, the

black, subquadrate callosity occupying its full width, except for

a narrow line on either side, not normally joined to the spindle-

shaped median callosity above. Subcallus, face and cheeks grayish

pollinose and latter thickly covered with while pile. Palpi elon-

gate, attenuated sharply and strongly incrassate basally on the

second joint, pale creamy, many white and a few scattered black

hairs. Disc of thorax dark gray with five paler lines covered

with long gray pile and scattering, short, appressed rufous hairs

(yellowish in laticornis). Antealar tubercles reddish, pleurse gray

pollinose and whitish pilose, tufts of white pile above the base

of the wings. Legs dark, the fore tibiae basally and the middle

and hind tibiae except at tips reddish. Abdomen reddish on the

first three segments, superimposed by oblique whitish pilose spots,

the rather broad black interval inclosing a median row of slender

pale triangles widened abruptly on the posterior incisures. Venter

reddish, darker from the fourth sternite caudally.

Male, 14 mm. Except for the usual sexual differences and a

strongly attenuated abdomen, rather closely resembles the female.

Area of enlarged facets strongly developed occupying a little less

than three-quarters of the total area. Palpi yellowish, rather

small, scarcely one and a half times as long as thick; very few

black hairs. Abdomen dusty, pale brownish, the oblique lateral

dashes accentuated much as the pattern seen in the males of T.

hirtulics.

1 Gr., broad horned.

jan.-april,1937]

PHILIP— TABANID^

Holotype, female, Santa Rita Mts., Ariz., 5 to 8000 feet, July.

F. H. Snow. Allotype, male, southern Ariz. Aug., 1902. F. H.

Snow. Both from the late Professor Hine as T. laticornis Hine.

Paratypes, 1 $ , Santa Rita Mts., Ariz., June 12, 1933. R. H.

Beamer; in the Univ. of Kansas collection. One 2 same lo-

cality, June 15, 1924,, C. T. Vorhies in the Univ. of Arizona col-

lection. One of each sex Chiricahua Mts., Ariz., 6200 feet, June

20, 1928, A. A. Nichol.

The bare eyes and hyaline costal cells of the wings will at

once distinguish this from T. laticornis Hine.

References

Philip, C. B., 1935. Comments on Marten’s species of Tabanidae

(Horseflies) from western United States. Can. Ent. 67:93.

, 1936. Tabanus rhombicus and related

Western Horseflies. Can. Ent. 68:155.

A NEW SPECIES OF DENDROPHILUS FROM CALIFORNIA

(Coleoptera, Histeridas)

BY EDWARD S. ROSS

University of California, Berkeley

Dendrophilus tularensis Ross, new species

Elongate oval, brownish piceous, surface dull, alutaceous. Head

flnely closely punctate, punctures separated by a space less than

their width. Pronotum feebly convex ; surface uniformly punctate,

punctures large, interspaces as wide as their diameter; sides more

finely and closely punctate, somewhat coarser along base. Elytra

densely subevenly punctate over entire surface, punctures distinct

deeply impressed, generally separated by spaces less than their

width; indexed portion very coarsely punctate, unistriate, stria

confused medially; humeral stria deeply impressed, entire, cari-

nate along outer edge; inner humeral feeble, short, medial; oblique

humeral distinct, almost joining base of inner humeral; all dorsal

striae deeply impressed and broad at basal half, becoming weaker

approaching apex and Anally lost in the punctures at apical fifth;

first dorsal longest, only slightly abbreviated at apex, others de-

creasing gradually in length from outer to inner; sutural stria

as long as first dorsal and equally impressed. Pygidium coarsely

punctate medially, punctures separated by half their own diameter;

punctures at apex very fine and close. Punctures of metasternum

very large and moderately close at coxal angles, becoming smaller

and sparser medially, interspaces with occasional still finer punc-

tures. Length 3.5 mm., width 2.25 mm.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL.XIIL NOS. 1-2

Holotype (No. 4327, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ent.) collected

at Kaweah, Calif. (Tulare Co.) May 10, 1931, by Mr. R. S.

Wagner, to whom I am indebted for the privilege of studying

this species.

This is the third species of this genus to be described from

North America and the second from California. It is at once

distingushed from the previously described species, punctulatus

and calif ornicue by its uniform strong punctuation and by the

deeply impressed complete elytral striation.

The latter species, californicus Horn, described from Santa

Clara Co., Calif., is rare in collections and the few records of

its capture seem to indicate a wide distribution on the Pacific

Coast. In the collectons of Dr. E. C. Van Dyke and Dr. F. E.

Blaisdell I was able to study a good series of this species taken

at San Francisco, Calif, in “rotting vegetation,” one from

Tuolumne Co., Calif, and another from Stockton, Calif. In the

collection of Mr. H. B. Leech several specimens from Vancouver,

B. C., were also examined; these were collected in a “culture

of Tenebrio etc. in bran.” The above series shows a remarkable

uniformity in both size (L. 3 mm., W. 2 mm.) and sculpture.

I am grateful to the above mentioned individuals for their

generous loan of material for this study.

Lawrence Bruner

It is with deep regret that we record the death of Lawrence

Bruner which occurred January 30, 1937, at the home of his

daughter in Berkeley where he has lived much of the time since

he came to California in 1915. He was bom in Catasauga,

Pennsylvania, March 2, 1856, but most of his active life was

spent in Nebraska where he was connected with the United

States Entomological Commission and the Nebraska Experi-

ment Station, and later was Professor of Entomology at the

University of Nebraska. He will be best known for his sys-

tematic work on the Orthoptera in the study of which he fol-

lowed Cyrus Thomas and Samuel H. Scudder. A good sketch

of his life can be found in the March, 1937 number of the Pro-

ceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. A

bibliography of his entomological papers would be a most wel-

come supplement to that notice. — E. P. Van Duzee.

jan.-april,1937]

TIMBERLAKE— ANDRENA

NEW SPECIES OF ANDRENA FROM CALIFORNIA

(HYMENOPTERA)

BY P. H. TIMBERLAKE

Citrics Experiment Station, Riverside, California

The four black species of Andrena described herewith belong

to the pertristis-hlaisdelli group. The descriptions are submitted

for publication at this time in order that Mr. E. Gorton Linsley

may include an account of these species in his study of the black

Andrena of California.

The types of the species described herewith are in the col-

lection of the Citrus Experiment Station, Riverside, California,

with the exception of those paratypes whose disposition is men-

tioned later under the respective species.

Andrena cenotherae Timberlake, n. sp.

Closely allied and similar to A. blaisdelli Ckll., but some-

what larger, with finer punctures on the abdomen. In blaisdelli

the punctures leave a broad, smooth margin at the apex of ter-

gites 1 to 4; in oenotherae this smooth margin is comparatively

narrow.

Female. Black, with entirely black hair. Head broader than

long, the clypeus more produced than in blaisdelli. Facial fovese

very broad above, ending below in a broadly rounded point slightly

below level of antennal sockets. Clypeus convex, shining, finely

and closely punctured, without indication of a median smooth line.

Remainder of face below antennae shining, more finely punctured

than clypeus. Frons longitudinally striate. Process of labrum

with a triangular base and an apical prolongation that is longer

than wide and is constricted where it joins the basal triangle. (In

blaisdelli the apical part of the process is as wide as, or wider

than, long, and shows no sharp differentiation from the basal

part.) Malar space very short, but not so linear as in blaisdelli.

Third antennal joint slightly longer than the next two joints

combined. Flagellum very dark brown beneath, more reddish

toward apex. Mesoscutum and scutellum very dull, finely and

closely punctured, the punctures becoming slightly sparser and

more distinct on the posterior middle of scutum. Mesopleura

densely granular punctate. Enclosure of propodeum rather well

defined and with a coarser wrinkling than in blaisdelli. Rest of

dorsal surface of propodeum with a similar but finer sculpture

than mesopleura. Sides of propodeum below the floccus more

shining, finely punctured and hairy. Wings subhyaline, and prac-

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yOL. XIII, NOS. 1-2

tically as in blaisdelli, but larg:er. Abdomen shining, finely and

closely punctured. The punctures of abdomen, especially of first

tergite, obviously finer and sparser than in blaisdelli, and leave

a very narrow smooth apical margin on the first tour segments.

On the first tergite the punctures are mostly about four or five

puncture widths apart. Pygidium broadly rounded at apex, its

surface planate. Pubescence abundant, but not dense enough any-

where to conceal the surface. On mesonotum the hair is mostly

rather short and erect, with a few longer hairs intermixed. On

the mesopleura it is considerably longer. Floccus of propodeum

moderately short, rather dense and straight. Flocculus of hind

trochanters long and curled. Scopa of hind tibiae long and spread-

ing, practically as in blaisdelli, the hair on the dorsal margin

being long, erect and not at all plumose. Hair of tergite II to

IV short and erect, moderately dense. Length, about 12.5 mm.;

fore wing, 9.2 mm.

In the series listed below there is only slight variation in the

characters described above, but the length, varies from about 11

to 13 mm., and that of the fore wing from 8.5 to 9.5 mm.

Described from 16 females (holotype and paratypes) from

the Gavilan, Riverside County, California, February 20 to March

20 (C. M. Dammers) and mostly, if not all, collected on flowers

of CEnothera (the holotype collected March 20, 1932) ; and the

following paratypes: 3 females. Riverside, on Eriogonum fasci-

culatum and Cryptantha intermedia, February 16 to March 25

(Timberlake) ; 1 female, on Salix, Soboba Hot Springs, Febru-

ary 22 (Timberlake) ; 3 females, Claremont (Baker) ; 1 female,

Alamitos Bay, on Oenothera spiralis. May 6 (Timberlake) ; 1

female, 3 miles northwest of Newton, San Diego County, on

Cryptantha, April 14 (Timberlake) ; 1 female, Azusa, (E. Hol-

birt) ; 1 female, 10 miles west of San Bernardino, May 26 (Lins-

ley) ; 2 females, Mohave Desert, March 12 (Linsley) ; 1 female,

11 miles southwest of Victorville, Mohave Desert, on Ericameria

cooperi. May 5 (Linsley) ; 1 female, San Francisco, April 20

(Linsley) ; 1 female, Oakland Hills, March 12 (Linsley) ; 1

female, Palmdale, April 11 (G. E. and R. M. Bohart) ; 1 female.

Cave Creek, Chiricahua Mts., Ariz., July 4 (Linsley).

The paratypes collected by Mr. Linsley and by Messrs. G. E.

and R. M. Bohart have been returned to their respective owners.

The male of A. cenotherce is rather uncertain, hence the fol-

lowing material is not included in the type series, but a series

of 18 males collected at Azusa by E. Holbirt probably belongs

jan.^april,1937]

TIMBERLAKE— AND RENA

with csTiothercB. They are very similar to what I have consid-

ered for a long time to be the male of A. blaisdelli Ckll. The

latter has hair of head, pleura, propodeum, legs and abdomen

black, that of the notum of thorax dull white. Hair of occiput,

of first tergite, and often more or less at anterior end of cheeks

also white. The Azusa males have the hair of head and thorax

mainly dull white, with black hair on each side of face, on cheeks

behind summit of eyes, and some on the antennal scapes and a

little on pleura just below base of wings. Several of this series

from Azusa, however, have hair of cheeks and pleura mainly

black, and more than the usual amount on the scapes and sides

of face, but still differ from blaisdelli males in having white

hair on middle of face (especially clypeus) and on dorsum of

propodeum. Hair of legs and abdomen black, but the long hair

fringing the femora behind (very little on hind femora, how-

ever) and hair on first tergite white. In sculpture and struc-

tural characters, including genitalia, the two species are prac-

tically identical, except that in the putative oenotherce male, the

fourth antennal joint is somewhat longer than in blaisdelli and

not greatly shorter than either the third or fifth joint. In blais-

delli the fourth joint on its short side is hardly longer than thick.

Andrena linsleyi Timberlake, n. sp.

This is another derivative of the blaisdelli group, and differs

from blaisdelli and cenotherce in having the clypeus much more

sparsely punctured, the process of labrum differently shaped, and

the mesoscutum distinctly less dull and more distinctly punctured.

The scopa of hind tibiae is also much thinner than in either of

those species.

Female. Black, with entirely black hair. Head and fovese as

in cenotherss. Clypeus more produced than in blaisdelli, and the

malar space less linear. Clypeus convex, polished, sparsely punc-

tured, with little or no indication of a medium smooth line, the

punctures becoming" closer on the lateral margins. Sides of face

below antennae very finely and densely punctured. Frons longi-

tudinally striate on each side and rugulose in middle. Process of

labrum triangular, rather broader at base than high, and with

apex of the triangle narrowly truncated. Third antennal joint

about equal to the next two combined. Flagellum dark reddish

brown beneath. Mesoscutum dullish, finely and closely punctured,

the punctures on posterior middle of disk about one to two punc-

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yOL. XIII, NOS. 1-2

tiire widths apart with the interspaces very minutely tessellate.

Scutellum similarly punctured and rather shiny at base. Meso-

pleura somewhat duller than the scutum and more obscurely punc-

tured. Basal enclosure of propodeum well defined and finely

rugose as in blaisdelli. The remainder of dorsal surface of pro-

podeum very finely granular-rugulose and obscurely punctured.

Sides of propodeum below the floccus slightly dullish, hairy but

without distinct punctures. Wings hyaline, clearer than in blais-

delli, the venation and stigma nearly black. Abdomen shining,

punctured almost as closely as in blaisdelli, but a little more

finely on the first tergite. Punctureless apical margin of tergites

II to IV rather wide as in blaisdelli, but very narrow on I.

Pubescence in general as in blaisdelli and oenotherss, but hair of

clypeus thinner and the scopa of hind tibiae remarkably long and

loose. Length, about 12 mm.; fore wing, 8.5 mm.

Holotype female, from two miles north of Palm Springs,

Calif., on Hyptis emoryi (not collecting pollen) March 7, 1936

(Timberlake) . One female (paratype) Colorado Desert, near

Needles, March 6, 1930 (E. G. Linsley), in the Linsley collection.

The paratype differs slightly in having the legs especially

femora, the venter, the hair on under side of tarsi and the veins

and stigma more reddish.

Andrena flandersi Timherlake, n. sp.

This insect is prohahly more similar to A. irana Ckll. than

to any other previously described. It differs from that species

in having the clypeus closely punctured, mesoscutum more

coarsely and almost densely punctured, the punctureless apical

margin of tergites extremely broad, etc. From blaisdelli and

other similar species it differs in having the mesoscutum shiny

instead of dull and in the wider smooth apical area on the ter-

gites.

Female. Black, with entirely black pubescence. Head wider

than long. Clypeus but little produced, moderately convex, shining,

closely and deeply punctured. Side of face below antennae and

supraclypeal area finely and densely punctured. (In irana the

whole face below the antennae appears to be much more shiny

because the punctures are considerably sparser). Frons longi-

tudinally striate. Foveae very broad, narrowed to a rounded point

just below level of antennae. Process of labrum with a low broadly

rounded basal part and a median prolongation at apex. The latter

portion is more or less bulbous, a little restricted where it joins

the basal part, about as wide at apex as long, and depresso-emargi-

jan.-april,1937]

TIMBERLAKE— ANDRENA

nate in the middle of the apical margin. Malar space linear. Third

antennal joint as long as IV plus V. Flagellum only very slightly

brownish beneath, toward apex. Mesoscutum and scutellum

shining, strongly and very closely punctured, the punctures mostly

not more than one puncture width apart. Mesopleura densely

ruguloso-punctate. Dorsal surface of propodeum with similar but

finer sculpture than mesopleura. The enclosure hardly defined

except by the difference in sculpture, which consists of a fine

wrinkling about as in blaisdelli. (In irana the enclosure is very

minutely rugulose and dull like remainder of dorsal surface) .

Wings subhyaline, with blackish veins and stigma, the venation

practically as in blaisdelli. Abdomen shining, polished, very finely

punctured. Punctures of first tergite very sparse, so that the seg-

ment, unless carefully examined, almost appears to be impunctate.

Next four tergites closely punctured about as blaisdelli, the punc-

tured area reaching almost to the apical margin at the sides of

the segments, but in the middle not extending on to the apical

depression. Tergites II to IV each depressed in middle about two-

fifths. Pygidium planate, broadly rounded at apex. Pubescence

in general shorter than in blaisdelli or irana. On mesoscutum it

is very short, erect and plumose, but much too sparse to con-

ceal the surface. Tergite I with a few long hairs on lateral mar-

gins, but the disk almost nude. Tergites II to IV with short,

erect hairs as in blaisdelli and irana. Scopa of middle tibiae long

and rather loose as in blaisdelli. (In irana the scopa is more

compact and depressed.) Length, 11.5 mm.; fore wing, 8 mm.

Described from three females (holotype and paratypes) col-

lected about 11 miles southwest of Victorville (on highway),

Mohave Desert, Calif., at flowers of Ericameria cooperi, May

5, 1936 (Linsley and Timberlake) . Also one female (para-

type) without locality label that was given to me some years

ago by Mr. Stanley Flanders, and which was probably collected

in southern California. The specimens from Ericameria were

not collecting pollen. The smallest paratype is 10 mm. long,

w^ith fore wing measuring 7.8 mm. One paratype collected by

Mr. Linsley has been returned to his collection.

Andrena deserticola Timberlake, n. sp.

This species resembles A. irana Ckll. and A. flandersi Timb.,

differing from the former in the closely punctured clypeus, finely

wrinkled enclosure of propodeum, much longer hairs on meso-

scutum, more shining and morse sparsely punctured abdomen,

etc. From flandersi it differs in having hair on the mesoscutum

long, punctureless apical margin of tergites narrow, etc.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL, XIII, NOS. 1-2

Female. Black, with black pubescence, the hair on inner side

of tarsi dark reddish brown, and some of the hairs on mesoscutum,

and dorsal margin of hind tibiae and basitarsi with dilute pig-

mentation and appearing as if faded or bleached. Head shaped

much as in flandersi, with the clypeus but little produced, moder-

ately convex. Whole face below antennae shining, finely and very

closely punctured. The punctures on clypeus considerably coarser

than on rest of face and mostly not more than one puncture width

apart. Frons longitudinally striate. Foveae and process of labrum

as in flandersi, except that the apical prolongation of the process

is rather broader than long, with parallel sides and emarginate

apex but no groove down the middle. Third antennal joint some-

what longer than 4 and 5. Flagellum very slightly brownish

beneath at apex. Mesoscutum polished, finely and closely punc-

tured, the punctures mostly one to two puncture widths apart.

Disk of scutellum like the scutum except that the punctures are

a little coarser and sparser. Mesopleura moderately coarsely

rugulose, without evident punctures. Dorsal surface of pro-

podeum with a similar but finer sculpture. Enclosure clearly de-

fined, finely wrinkled much as in blaisdelli. Sides of propodeum

tessellate and shining, not distinctly punctured, except in area

in middle of dorsal part next to the floccus. Wings subhyaline

with dark stigma and veins. Venation about as in blaisdelli.

Abdomen polished, very finely and moderately closely punctured.

First tergite sparsely punctured, as in cenotherse, but the punc-

tures slightly finer. Next three tergites punctured a little more

sparsely than in cenotherse, the punctureless apical margin of the

segments narrow as in that species. Pygidium planate, not so

broadly rounded at apex as in the other species. Pubescence

abundant, long, but not concealing surface, that on mesoscutum

nearly as long as that on the pleura. Scopa with very long spread-

ing hairs, about as dense as in blaisdelli. Hair on tergite I sparse

and long, that on II to IV short and erect. Length, 11.5 mm.;

fore wing, 8.5 mm.

Described from one female (holotype), collected at flowers

of Baileya multiradiata (but perhaps not collecting pollen),

one mile south of Adelanto, Mohave Desert, Calif., May 28,

1932 ( Timber lake ) ; and one female (paratype), collected at

Palmdale, Calif., April 11, 1936 (G. E. and R. M. Bohart) in

the Bohart collection.

The paratype measures 13 mm., due to the greater extension

of the abdominal segments.

JAN. -APRIL, 1937] LINSLEY AND MICHENER— BEES

SOME NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF NORTH

AMERICAN PARASITIC BEES

(Hymenoptera)

BY E. GORTON LINSLEY AND CHARLES D. MICHENER

University of California, Berkeley

Protepeolus Linsley and Michener, new genus

Female. Head nearly as wide as thorax, inner orbits slightly

converging below; antennae with pedicel as long as second flagellar

segment; first flagellar segment almost as long as second and third

together; labrum bituberculate; mandibles with an inner tooth

before apex; maxillary palpi short, about one-seventh as long as

labial palpi, arising from a tubercle, three-segmented, first seg-

ment about one and one-half times as long as second, third slender,

slightly longer than first; labial palpi elongate, four-segmented,

first segment a little more than twice as long as second, last two

short, together scarcely half as long as second, fourth shorter than

third. Axillaa not dentate; scutellum weakly bilobed; fore wings

with three submarginal cells, all approximately equal in length

on cubital side, first recurrent vein practically meeting second

transverse cubital, second recurrent vein slightly basad of third

transverse cubital, marginal cell rounded and separated from costa

at apex, a little more than two-thirds as long as discoidal cell;

middle and hind legs robust, their tibial spurs rather short, stout;

pulvilli nearly as long as the claws, enlarged at apex. Abdomen

with a deep, transverse, ventral constriction near base, posterior

f ace of constriction with an arcuate carina enclosing a semi-lunar

area, a short distance behind Which is a transverse, impressed

line (suture?) extending completely across the sternite; fourth

and fifth sternites truncate at apex; sixth exerted, tapering and

narrowly rounded apically; fifth tergite medially emarginate at

apex with a small, transverse, shining, false pygidial area within

the emargination ; sixth tergite greatly reduced in size, with a

median ligulate, pygidial process, on each side of which is a row

of stout, parallel spines interspersed with bristles.

Genotype: Protepeolus singularis n. sp.

This genus differs from all others known to the writers by

the peculiar ventral constriction of the abdomen. Interpreta-

tion of the sclerites in this region is very difficult on the basis

of the unique type, and it is not certain w'hether the first sternite

ends in the constriction or at the transverse line behind the

enclosed, semi-lunar area (see figure) . The nearest relative of

Protepeolus appear to be the South American Isepeolus and

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yOL. XIII, NOS. 1-2

Leiopodus, but it may be distinguished from these by the three-

segmented maxillary palpi and the position of the second re-

current vein which is nearly interstitial with the second trans-

verse cubital vein. From Viereckella, with which it agrees in

the exposed, tapering, sixth abdominal sternite of the female,

Protepeolus may be separated by the scale-like (rather than

plumose) abdominal hairs, the ligulate pygidial process of the

female, and the three-segmented maxillary palpi.

Protepeolus singularis Linsley and Michener, new species

Female. Black, with small amounts of red on legs and body,

clothed with brownish and white pubescence which forms a pattern

of snots and bands on the thorax and abdomen. Head with trans-

facial line considerably longer than facial line, surface shining,

finely and not very densely punctured, pubescence sparse, whitish,

except on vertex and frons where it is brown, short; antennae

suffused with reddish, flagellum darker above, scape red basally;

clypeus with anterior margin narrowly red; labrum reddish; man-

dibles with basal two-thirds red. Thorax with punctation, where

visible, somewhat coarser than that of head, tegulae and tubercles

red, scutellum, axillae, and metanotum dark reddish ; pronotum

with a narrow posterior margin of white pubescence; scutum

margined with white pubescence, clothed with dark brown hairs

which are sparser posteriorly, anterior half of disk wth a clearly

defined, longitudinal, cream-colored fascia which is swollen pos-

teriorly and slightly broadened anteriorly to meet the marginal

band; the marginal band, adjacent to tegulas, produced to a point

Which extends inward and forward; scutellum clothed with brown

pubescence, with a narrow, median, longitudinal band of whit©;

axillse and metanotum with some whitish pubescence; sides of

thorax clothed with white hairs intermixed with patches of brown;

wings grayish, a dusky streak along costal margin beyond mar-

ginal cell; legs red, coxse blackish, under side of anterior femora

suffused with blackish, underside of middle and hind femora at

base, and most of inner side of hind tibiae, including spurs, black.

Abdomen black, apical margins of segments, first two segments

at sides, sixth tergite at base, and most of sixth sternite, reddish;

tergites very finely punctured, the fifth more closely so than the

preceding; first tergite with a broad, transverse, cream-colored

band of pubescence which is abruptly broken at middle; second

and third tergites with a similarly colored basal fascia, that of

the third tergite narrowed near the lateral margin; fourth ter-

gite with areas of whitish pubescence at sides; fifth tergite with

the apical portion slightly elevated, clothed with black hair, false

pygidial area glabrous and impunctate, margined anteriorly by

JAn.-april,1937] linsley and michenee^bees

a low Carina; pygidial process of sixth tergite shining, with a

low, median, longitudinal ridge; first to third sternites with whitish

fasciae on disk, those of second and third segments interrupted at

middle; concavity at base of second sternite glabrous, impunctate,

polished. Length 9.5 mm., anterior wing 6 mm.

Holotype female (No. 4344 Calif. Acad. Sci. Ent.), captured

at Albuquerque, New Mexico, September 1-3, 1935, on

Sphaeralcea (Michener).

This fine species may be easily distinguished from all other

known Nomadine bees by the generic characters.

Hexepeolus Linsley and Michener, new genus

Head nearly as wide as thorax, inner orbits converging below;

antennae with pedicel nearly as long as second flagellar segment,

first flagellar segment distinctly longer than second; mandibles

with inner margin more or less evenly rounded, simple, without

an inner tooth; maxillary palpi four-fifths as long as labial palpi,

six-segmented, first segment slightly more than half as long as

second, remaining segments becoming perceptably shorter and

more slender to the apical segment; labial palpi four-segmented,

first segment elongated, surpassing in length the remaining seg-

ments taken together, second segment approximately one-third as

long as first, third segment about three-fifths as long as second,

fourth segment subequal in length to third. Axillse not dentate;

scutellum convex, loi|gitudinally impressed along median line,

feebly bilobed; forewings with either two or three submarginal

cells, if two, the cells are of about equal length on the cubital

side, if three, the first cell is longer on cubital side than the sec-

ond or third, the second smaller than the third and greatly nar-

rowed anteriorly, marginal cell rounded and separated from costa

at apex, a little shorter than discoidal cell; middle and hind legs

only moderately robust, tibial spurs slender, pulvilli short, not

distinctly enlarged at apex. Abdomen with tergites broadly de-

pressed and densely pubescent along apical margin.

Female. Antennae with first flagellar segment only a little

longer than second; fifth abdominal tergite with a small false

pygidial area; sixth tergite with a broadly rounded pygidial area,

margined laterally by a carpa; sixth sternite with a median keel

between two concavities, apex bilobed, margined externally by a

comb-like row of curved spines which becomic shorter, finer,

laterally where they extend forward along the outer margins of

the concavities.

Male. Antennae with first flagellar segment subequal in length

to the two following together; seventh abdominal tergite with a

projecting, apically rounded, pygidial plate, the dorsal surface

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yOL. XIII, NOS. 1-2

of which is flattened, bounded by a carina; sixth sternite with a

broad, transverse, discal groove.

Genotype: Hexepeolns mojavensis n. sp.

This genus presents the facies of Argyroseienis, Epeolus, or

Triepeoliis, sharing with them the apically rounded marginal

cell which is distinctly separated from the costa. If differs mark-

edly from these groups, however, in the long, six-segmented

maxillary palpi, simple axillae, and structure of the abdomen

in the female (six visible sternites). In these last characters

Hexepeolus agrees with Nomada and Gnathias, but may be dis-

tinguished from them by the closely appressed lateral margins

of the first tergite (in Nomada and Gnathias these margins pro-

ject as conspicuous, transparent, ventral flaps), the pubescent

fasciae of the abdomen, and the bilobed sixth sternite of the

female.

The number of submarginal cells in the forewings is variable,

several examples having only two such cells in one or both

wings, although the normal number appears to be three. A

similar condition exists in many other species of bees which are

normally three-celled.

Hexepeolus mojavensis Linsley and Michener, new species

Black, sparsely clothed With white pubescence, denser on face,

pleura, and venter, forming patches on notum and fascias on abdo-

minal tergites. Head with transfacial line longer than facial

line; antennae black, suffused with reddish, particularly along under

side of flagellum; upper frons and vertex moderately coarsely,

subcontiguously punctured; face densely clothed with long white

hairs; clypeus broadly truncate at apex, surface finely, closely

punctured on disk, more coarsely at sides; labrum coarsely, irregu-

larly punctured, with a longitudinal carina becoming evanescent

at base; mandibles with apices reddish; segments of palpi with

pale annulations. Thorax with scutum coarsely, closely punc-

tured, the punctures averaging less than one puncture width apart,

surface very finely, inconspicuously clothed with short, suberect,

pale hairs in addition to the conspicuous white patches; pronotum,

above tubercles, with a patch of dense white pubescence, tubercles

coarsely punctured, clothed with white hairs; scutellum a little

more closely punctured than scutum, with a dense patch of white

hairs at the anterior angles; metanotum coarsely, closely punc-

tured. clothed with long, white hairs; propodeum with triangular

area nearly nude, finely, closely punctured, with a few oblique

rugae at base, remaining surface of propodeum coarsely, closely

punctured, moderately densely clothed with long, white hairs ;

JAN. -APRIL, 1937] LINSLEY AND MICHENER— BEES

mesepisterna very coarsely, closely punctured, irregularly clothed

with suberect, white hairs; tegulae reddish; wings lightly infus-

cated, veins brownish; legs clothed with moderately short, ap-

pressed hairs. Abdomen with dorsal surface clothed with fine,

inconspicuous, prostrate, black hairs, apical margin of segments

with broad bands of white pubescence, interrupted at middle to

form, separate fasciae, first segment with a white patch on each

side at base in addition to fasciae; tergites coarsely punctured,

the punctures averaging less than one puncture width apart; the

depressed, pubescent apical margins more finely, closely punc-

tured; sternites coarsely, closely punctured, moderately densely

clothed with white hairs, broad apical margin of sternites reddish.

Female. Pronotum with tubercles reddish; scutum with a dense

patch of white pubescence along median line from middle of disk

to anterior margin, a short line on each side anteriorly, a small

patch adjacent to tegulaa, and similar patches at posterior angles.

Legs red, suffused with variable amounts of black on femora and

tibiae; abdomen red, first five tergites fasciate, the fascia of the

fifth segment continuous; fifth tergite piceous to black, more uni-

formly punctured than preceding segments, the punctures mod-

erately coarse and subcontiguous except on the small, transverse,

false pygidial area, which is finely, shallowly punctured and

densely clothed with fine, pale, silken pubescence; sixth tergite

moderately densely clothed with white hairs except on pygidial

area, which is finely, closely, shallowly punctured and sparsely

clothed with very fine, short, inconspicuous, pale hairs; processes

on each side of sting strap-like, black, densely pubescent; sixth

sternite and margins of preceding sternites polished. Length 8

mm., anterior wing 6.5 mm.

Male. Pronotal tubercles black; scutum lacking median white

patch, anterior angles with a vague spot of white hairs; legs

black, with small amounts of red on femora, tibiae, and tarsi;

abdomen black, sides of first tergite reddish, tergites five and six

with continuous white bands, that of the fifth notched at the

middle; pygidial plate of seventh segment reddish. Length 8 mm.,

anterior wing 6.5 mm.

Holotype female (No. 4345, Calif. Acad. Sci. Ent.), cap-

tured at the junction of Deep Creek and Mojave River, Mojave

Desert, San Bernardino Co., California, April 26, 1936 (Lins-

ley). Allotype male (No. 4346, Calif. Acad. Sci. Ent.), from

the same locality May 6, 1936 (Linsley). Paratypes, three

females and twelve males with the same data as the allotype,

one pair of which will be deposited in the collection of Dr.

T. D. A. Cockerell at Boulder, Colorado, a pair in the Michener

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yOL. XIII, NOS. 1-2

collection, the remanider will be retained in the Linsley collec-

tion. Additional paratypes (5 $ $ ; 6 $ $ ) from the same locality

and date are in the collection of Mr. P. H. Timherlake, at the

Citrus Experiment Station. All examples were visiting flowers

of Eriodictyon trichocalyx.

This species is closely related to the following and differs

in the smaller size, dull, closely punctate frons, and the black

legs of the male.

Hexepeolus rhodogyne Linsley and Michener, new species

Black, sparsely clothed with white pubescence, denser on face,

pleura, and venter, forming patches on notum and fascia on abdo-

men. Head with its transfacial line longer than its facial line;

face densely clothed with white pubescence; upper frons below

ocelli polished, moderately coarsely but not closely punctured, the

punctures averaging one or more puncture widths apart; clypeus

broadly truncate at apex, surface finely, closely punctured on disk,

more coarsely at sides; labrum coarsely, irregularly punctured,

with a longitudinal carina which becomes evanescent at base;

apical half of mandibles reddish; segments of palpi with pale

annulations. Pronotum, above tubercles, with a patch of dense,

white hair, tubercles coarsely punctured, clothed with white pubes-

cence; scutum, coarsely, closely punctured, the punctures averag-

ing less than one puncture width apart and finer than those of

vertex, surface finely, inconspicuously clothed with short, pale,

suberect hairs in addition to conspicuous white patches at anterior

and posterior angles; scutellum more coarsely punctured than

scutum; metanotum coarsely, closely punctured, clothed with long,

white hairs; propodeum with triangular area nude, finely, closely

punctured, with a row of oblique rugae at base, remaining surface

of propodeum coarsely, closely punctured, moderately densely

clothed with long, white hairs; mesepisterna coarsely, closely

punctured, clothed with suberect white hairs; tegulae red; wings

lightly infuscated; legs red, clothed with moderately short, White

hairs. Ahdovien clothed with fine, prostrate, black hairs on dorsal

surface, depressed apical margin of segments with broad bands

of dense white pubescence, interrupted at middle to form separate

fasciae; tergites coarsely punctured, the punctures averaging less

than one puncture width apart; sternites densely clothed with

white pubescencer closely punctured except for the polished, red-

dish, apical margins.

Female. Antennae red, apical segments of flagellum dusky;

tubercles of pronotum reddish; scutum with at most a feeble

median white patch of pubescence; abdomen red with third and

fourth tergites darker, the fifth and sixth tergites piceous except

for pygidial and false pygidial areas; fifth tergite with a small,

JAN. -APRIL, 1937] LINSLEY AND MICHENER— BEES

shallowly punctured, false pygidial area, which is clothed with

fine, pale, silken pubescence; sixth tergite moderately densely

clothed with white hairs except for pygidial area which is very

finely, shallowly, closely punctured and sparsely clothed with fine,

short, inconspicuous pale hairs; sixth sternite polished. Length

9 mm., anterior wing 7.3 mm.

Male. Antennae black, lightly suffused with reddish, espe-

cially along under side of pedicel and first fiagellar segment;

tubercles of pronotum black; abdomen black, the sides of the first

tergite reddish, the white band of tergite five broken at middle,

that of tergite six continuous; pygidial plate of seventh segment

black. Length 10 mm., anterior wing 7.3 mm.

Holotype female (No. 4347, Calif. Acad. Sci. Ent.), taken two

miles east of Cathedral City, Riverside Co., California, April 10,

1936 (Linsley), and allotype male (No. 4348, Calif. Acad. Sci.

Ent.), from Palm Canyon, Borego Valley, San Diego Co., Cali-

fornia, March 29, 1936 (Linsley). Paratypes, two males, taken

at the same time and place as the allotype, in the collection of

Mr. P. H. Timberlake. All four examples were visiting flowers

of Larrea glutinosa.

The differences between this and the preceding species may

be brought out in the following table:

Females

Upper frons, below ocelli, dull, uniformly closely, subcontiguously

punctured, the punctures averaging much less than one puncture

width apart; antennae black, lightly suffused with reddish on

under side of flagellum. 8 mm. Mojave Desert, California

mojavensis

Upper frons, below ocelli, shining, irregularly, not closely punc-

tured, the punctures averaging one or more puncture widths

apart; antennae red. 9 mm. Colorado Desert, California

rhodogyne

Males

Upper frons, below ocelli, dull, uniformly closely, subcontiguously

punctured, the punctures averaging much less than one puncture

width apart; legs black, with small amounts of red; pygidial

area reddish. 8 mm. Mojave Desert, California mojavensis

Upper frons, below ocelli, shining, irregularly, not closely punc-

tured, the punctures averaging one or more puncture widths

apart; legs red; pygidial area black. 10 mm. Colorado

Desert, California rhodogyne

the pan-pacific entomologist [vOL. XIII, nos. 1-2

Paranomada Linsley and Michener, new genus

Female. Head distinctly narrower than thorax, inner orbits

slightly converging below; antennae short, flagellar segments sub-

equal in length, wider than long, the first slightly longer than

the following; vertex polished, impunctate; frontal carina want-

ing; mandibles simple; maxillary palpi shorter than second seg-

ment of labial palpi, five-segmented, basal segment very short,

second segment as long as the following two together, third seg-

ment two-thirds as long as second, fourth segment one-half as

long as third, fifth segment slightly shorter than the fourth, the

two together approximately as long as third segment; labial palpi

four-segmented, first segment surpassing in length the remaining

segments taken together, second about one-half as long as first,

last two segments subequal in length, together about one-half as

long as second. Thorax broad and dorso-ventrally compressed;

scutum more or less flat, highly polished; scutellum large, fiat,

level with scutum, also highly polished; tegulae large, shining;

mesosternum broad, flat, shining, with a pair of sutures running

anteriorly from mid coxae and meeting at about middle of seg-

ment; coxae drawn out externally in the form of a prominent

lamella, fore coxae not spined, middle and hind coxae with a dorsal

carina; legs short, stout, pubescent, femora flattened; wings in-

fuscated, anterior pair with three submarginal cells. Abdomen

polished, tergites two to four with broad, continuous, bands of

white pubescence along apical margins, white band of fifth tergite

interrupted at middle, sixth tergite with a broadly truncate

pygidial area; sternites polished, moderately pubescent, sixth

sternite retracted, represented externally only by a pair of pro-

jecting, slightly curved processes, bearing on inner sides a few

inconspicuous spines.

Genotype: Paranomada nitida n. sp.

This genus is apparently related to the West Indian Noma-

do soma Rohwer’ with which it agrees in the smooth, shining

integument, flat scutum and scutellum, indistinct frontal carina,

and fasciate abdomen, but differs in the short five-segmented

maxillary palpi, dusky wings with three submarginal cells, and

short flagellar segments of the antennae (the first scarcely longer

than the second segment) . From the Argentinan Brachynomada

Holmberg* * which has five-segmented maxillary palpi, Para-

iiomada may be distinguished by the absence of a frontal suture,

the broad, flat, highly polished thorax, and the short flagellar

’’ Roihwer, S. A., 1911, Ent. News 22 :24-27, figs.

• Holmberg, E. L., 1886, Ann. Soc. Ci. Arg. 22 :239.

JAN. -APRIL, 1937] LINSLEY AND MICHENER— BEES

segments of the antennae. The peculiar structure of the coxae,

which are drawn out externally in the form of a conspicuous

lamella, is unlike that in any other Nomadine bees which we

have seen.

Paranomada nitida Linsley and Michener, new species

Female. Reddish brown, shining, clothed with white pubes-

cence. Head nearly glabrous on vertex; antennas piceous, scape

and pedicel reddish; frons and clypeus irregularly clothed with

white hairs, surface with a few scattered punctures; lahrum very

densely pubescent; mandibles reddish, edges piceous. Thorax

shining; pronotal tubercles clothed with white pubescence; scutum

nearly glabrous and impunctate, disk suffused with brownish;

scutullum glabrous, impunctate; metanotum feebly shining, finely,

closely punctured, densely pubescent at sides; propodeum with

triangular area glabrous at middle, densely pubescent at sides,

remaining dorsal surface, except a small area on each side of

triangle, densely clothed with prostrate white pubescence; mes-

episterna densely clothed with white hairs; anterior coxse and

mesosternum moderately sparsely punctured and pubescent; legs

shining, femora sparsely, but distinctly punctured, sparsely clothed

with long, white pubescence, tibise and tarsi rather densely pubes-

cent; wings brownish, with a pale area before apex. Abdomen

shining, first tergite glabrous, very finely, sparsely punctured

except apical depression which is moderately finely punctured and

sparsely clothed with short, fine, inconspicuous brownish hairs,

second tergite finely, sparsely punctured and pubescent, apical

depression and lateral margins with a broad band of white pubes-

cence, interrupted at middle, third and fourth segments similarly

punctured, although a little more densely pubescent, apical white

fasciae continuous; apex of fifth tergite fine, closely punctured and

pubescent; pygidial area with a piceous, elevated margin and a

median, longitudinal ridge; sternites moderately clothed with long,

white hairs, denser on fifth segment. Length 7.5 mm., anterior

wing 6 mm.

Holotype female (No. 4349, Calif. Acad. Soi. Ent.), from

Phoenix, Arizona, October 23, 1924 (J. D. Gunder), in the col-

lection of the California Academy of Sciences. The wrietrs are

indebted to Mr. E. P. Van Duzee for the privilege of studying

this interesting species.

Paranomada nitida shares many characters with the West

Indian Nomadosoma pilipes (Cresson),“ from which it may be

distinguished by the five-segmented maxillary palpi, infuscated

® Creeson, E. T., 1865, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. 4:183,

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yOL. XIII, NOS. 1-2

wings, three submarginal cells, and the arrangement of the abdo-

minal fasciae. In N. pilipes there are pale fasciae on the middle

of the first, second, fourth, and fifth tergites, that of the fourth

segment being interrupted at the middle.

NOTES ON THE DYTISCID BEETLE, AGABUS

LINEELUS (LEG.)

Agabus lineellus (LeConte) seems to be of such scarcity, at

least in collections, as to merit the following notes.

On March 29, 1936, while collecting on the University Farm

at Davis, California, I had the good luck to take eight specimens of

Agabus lineellus. The creek from which these specimens were

obtained runs along the southern border of the farm. At that

time of the year the creek consisted of muddy, stagnant pools

that were scattered along its course. There happened to be an

old burlap sack lying in the edge of one of the rather large

pools and on pulling this out I discovered that a number of

dytiscids had been hiding under it. These beetles became active

at once and started crawling back into the water. However, I

succeeded in capturing eight of them. These specimens remained

in my collection until a few months later when I gave four of

them to Hugh B. Leech who identified them as Agabus lineellus

(Lee.) .

The specimens agree perfectly with the description in Dr.

H. C. Fall’s paper of 1922, “A Revision of the North American

Species of Agabus'\ They are readily separable from A. disin^

tegratus (Cr.) which is the only other vittate species of the genus

known to occur in California.

To show past recorded history of this species the following

extract from Dr. Fall’s paper is cited . . . “This very rare species

is represented in the LeConte collection by the unique type taken

iy Murray in California, precise locality not stated. Aside from

the type I have seen only a, single example collected by G. R.

Pilate at Mills College, California and sent me for identifica-

tion by Mr. Dury, who retains a second specimen in his own

cabinet.”

Out of the series of eight specimens, three males and one

female are in the H. B. Leech collection, two males are in Dr.

E C. Van Dyke’s collection and a male and female are retained

in my own collection. — Burdette E. White, University of Cali-

fornia.

jan.-april,1937]

UPHOLT— MAYFLIES

TWO NEW MAYFLIES FROM THE PACIFIC COAST

BY W. M. UPHOLT

University of California, Berkeley

During the months of June and July, 1936, the author col-

lected ephemerids in the San Joaquin Valley. Two species were

especially plentiful. A Hexagenia, the first member of this

genus to be reported from any of the Western States, was col-

lected in large numbers around lights over a; period of ten days

or two weeks, after which only an occasional lone specimen was

found. A species of Callihcetis, however, could be found in fair

numbers around lights throughout the summer.

These two species, belonging to the families Ephemeridae and

Baetidae respectively, are here described for the first time. I

wish to acknowledge the invaluable assistance given me by Dr.

Jay R. Traver of Cornell University who so kindly compared

these specimens with closely related species and added much to

the descriptions as they finally stand.

Hexagenia californica Upholt, new species

A yellow species, marked prominently with reddish-brown;

outer margin of hind wing usually dark-bordered; ventral tri-

angles attain anterior margin. Size: Male, body 17-20 mm.,

wing 17 mm., caudal filaments 47-50' mm.; female, body 20-25

mm., wing 18-22 mm., caudal filaments 25-35 mm.

Male: Head yellowish; eyes yellow above. Pronotum pale

yellow with two dorsal dark red-brown stripes on either side of

median line; dark reddish-brown spot between fore coxae. Terga

and pleura of meso- and meta-thorax pale yellow except for the

reddish-brown lateral margin of mesoscutum, reddish-brown tip

of mesoscutellum, and a reddish-brown streak extending from the

base of the wing antero-ventrally through the pleurotrochantin.

Meso- and meta-sternum reddish-brown, grading to yellow mar-

ginally. Fore legs dark red-brown, the femora lighter than tibiae

and tarsi. Middle and hind legs yellow with a greenish tinge;

claws, distal tarsal segments except at base, and joints of other

tarsal segments light purplish-brown. Wings hyaline, the costal

margins tinged with reddish-brown; veins piceous, many cross

veins margined with reddish-brown. Outer margin of hind wing

usually with a prominent reddish-brown border. Abdominal ter-

gites pale yellow, suifused with red except medially and on lateral

the pan-pacific entomologist [vOL. XIII, nos. 1-2

margins. Dark Indian-red brown streaks medianly and on each

tergite from antero-lateral margin to posterior border medianly.

Abdominal sternites pale yellow except for a reddish-brown tri-

angle that extends to the anterior margin. Genitalia reddish-

brown, second segment of forceps yellowish basally. Penes more

or less hook-like, similar to those of occulta Walker. Caudal fila-

ments pale reddish-brown, distinctly darker at joints.

Female: Very similar to male but much lighter in color, some-

times being nearly white. Wings occasionally all yellow with very

little brown pigmentation. Fore legs rather uniformly reddish-

brown, much shorter than in the male. Larger in size but with

shorter caudal filaments.

Egg masses large, pale yellow-orange.

Holotype: (Dried male imago) No. 4350, Calif. Acad. Sci.

Ent., taken June 30, 1936, at Kingsburg, Fresno County, Cali-

fornia, by Upholt. Allotype: (Dried female imago) No. 4351,

C. A. S. Ent., and a series of paratypes as follows: (In alcohol)

2 male subimagoes, 21 female imagoes; (dried) 1 male sub-

imago, 15 female imagoes, and 3 female subimagoes, June 23-

July 6, 1936; same locality as holotype; in the collection of the

California Academy of Sciences, J. R. Traver, and the author.

This species may be distinguished from occulta Walker by

its paler color generally and by numerous differences in the color

pattern of the thorax. In color this species more nearly ap-

proaches marilandica Traver from which it differs in its larger

size, in having the outer margns of hind wings margined, and

in the ventral abdominal triangles which attain the anterior

margin.

Callibaetis traverse Upholt, new species

Male yellowish white marked with brown; female pale

reddish-yellow; cross veins intermediate in number; marginal

intercalaries single; wings of male unpigmented; vitta of female

wing discontinuous. Size: Male, body 5.5-7 mm., wing 7 mm.,

caudal filament 10 mm. or more. Female, body 6-7 mm., wing

8 mm., caudal filaments 10 mm. or more.

Male: Head and thorax deep Van Dyke brown; sclerites mar-

gined in pale brown; pleura somewhat lighter in color than notum.

(In alcoholic specimens, this difference between notum and pleura

is more pronounced, both being much lighter and with more of a

yellow tinge; also groups of two or three reddish-brown dots are

present on the pleura just above each leg and below each wing

jan.-april,1937]

UPHOLT— MAYFLIES

base). Eyes deep brown, lower half piceous. (Upper half of

eyes yellow in alcoholic specimens). Legs white with very faint

indications of brown preapical bands on femora; tarsal claws and

joints brown (legs entirely white except for an occasional brown

tarsal joint in alcoholic specimens). Abdominal tergites very pale

brownish-white with a broad longitudinal median brown band in-

terrupted by a narrow median pale line; also narrow submarginal

brown streaks (not always present in alcoholic specimens). Ster-

nites entirely white except for irregular submedian brown streaks.

(In alcoholic material especially, the sternites and lateral aspects

of the tergites are very similar in color, being nearly white).

Forceps white; caudal filaments white except for very faint tinge

of reddish-brown at base and a tendency toward yellowish joints.

Female: Head brownish-red (white, in alcoholic specimens,

with reddish marks above the antennae and at the back of the

head). Eyes piceous. Body uniformly testaceous speckled with

reddish-brown, except for deeper brown areas dorsally. (In alco-

holic specimens, the body is entirely white except for a broad

median pale smoky-brown band extending the length of the dorsum

and with a paler median line as in the male). Legs similar to

body in basic color, minutely irrorated with dull brown and with

a line of larger brown spots along the front surface of femora;

fore femora each with a thin brown line extending most of its

length on the posterior surface; (in alcoholic specimens, legs en-

tirely white without these brown spots and lines) ; tarsal joints

deeper brown; claws black. Wings hyaline; longitudinal veins in-

termittently brown and white; cross veins all white, intermediate

in number (about 30-35 behind Radius I). Vitta extremely

variable but always discontinuous and very irregular; pale, smoky-

brown except where it contacts longitudinal veins basally; in these

spots it is deep brown; hyaline spots in costal and subcostal spaces

numerous to dominant; vitta broader basally. Caudal filaments

reddish-yellow, slightly deeper at base.

Holotype: (Dried male imago) No. 4352, C. A. S. Ent.,

July, 1936; Kingsburg, Fresno County, California, Upholt, col-

lector. Allotype: (Dried female imago) No. 4353, C. A. S.

Ent., and the following series of paratypes: (Alcoholic) 5 male

imagoes, 10 female imagoes, (dried) 11 male imagoes, 15 female

imagoes. Same data as holotype, in collection of California

Academy of Sciences, J. R. Traver, and the author.

This species may he distinguished from fluctuans Walsh by

its more reddish-yellow color and more plentiful cross veins. It

is probably very close to montanus Eaton but differs markedly

in the discontinuous nature of the vitta and in the coloring and

number of cross veins. Dr. Traver has doubtfully associated a

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yOL. XIII, NOS. 1-2

specimen in her collection from San Angelo, Texas, with this

species. I take great pleasure in naming this species for Dr.

Jay R. Traver, of Cornell University, in appreciation of the kind

and invaluable assistance and encouragement she has given me

throughout my brief study of western ephemerids.

A NEW RACE OF PLEBEIUS SCUDDERII

BY FRANK CLAY CROSS

Plebeius scudderii ricei Cross, subsp. nov.

Expanse: 28 to 29 mm. Holotype, male; upper side of wings,

purplish blue with a greenish cast when viewed aslant. Fringes

white with a narrow, dark brown, or blackish band bounding

them inwardly. Allotype, female; upper side of wings, brown

with a coppery glint. Fringes and marginal band as of the male.

Two very faint and ill defined yellowish crescents on the sec-

ondaries, near the anal angle.

On the under side the wings of both sexes are a dusty, whitish

gray. The submarginal yellow crescents, typical of scudderii,

are either obsolescent or entirely absent in most specimens. Among

twelve types on which the race is founded, four lack these crescents

entirely, five have them very faintly discernible, and only three

have them in more conspicuous evidence. The discal and basal

black spots on the secondaries are usually very small, or some-

times, like the crescents, altogether lacking, leaving the \ving

immaculate. The spots on the fore wings, however, are always

present though much reduced in size.

This race of scudderii is obviously quite variable, but the

predominant form tends to lose all its markings. Among seven

females, three have no crescents at all discernible on the upper

side of the secondaries (both wings are a uniform brown) ;

three others exhibit them very faintly; and only one shows them

at all clearly.

The twelve type specimens were taken in August, 1936, in

the vicinity of Big Cultus Lake, Oregon, by Mr. Harold E. Rice,

of Eugene, for whom the race is named. Holotype, allotype and

eight paratypes in the author’s collection in the Colorado Mu-

seum of Natural History; two paratypes go to the California

Academy of Sciences.

JAN.-APRIL, 1937]

BAILEY— THYSANOPTERA

THE JONES COLLECTION OF THYSANOPTERA

BY STANLEY F. BAILEY

University of California, Berkeley

In 1912 Paul R. Jones published (4) descriptions of thirteen

species of thrips of which two, Thrips femoralis and Phlceothrips

jennei, were from Georgia and the remainder from California.

These species of Jones are listed below with their synonymy.

1. Aholothrips nasturtii Jones, 1912, pp. 2-3, pi. I, figs. 1-4.

1927. Aeolothrips tnoluynnei Moulton, Bull. Brookl. Ent.

Soc., 22:187.

1935. Aeolothrips tuolumnei Bailey, Pan-Pac. Ent., 11:

164.

2. Microcecphalothrips abdominaj>is (Crawford), 1910.

1910. Thrips abdominalis Crawford, Pomona Coll. Jl.

Ent., 2:157-159, fig. 65, A-E.

1912. Thrips femoralis Jones, pp. 4-5, pi. I, figs. 6-8.

1912. Thrips abdominalis {=femoratis) , Hood, Proc.

Biol. Soc. Wash., 25:62.

1923. Thrips microcephalus Priesner, Ent. Mitt., 12:116-

117, fig. 7 (p. 120).

1926. ParaphysoptLs burnsi Girault, Insec. Inscit. Men-

str., 14:188.

1926. Microcephalothrips abdominalis Bagnall, Ann.

Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9, 18:98, 113-114, July.

1926. Thrips (Ctenothripella Pr.) gillettei Moulton,

Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., 52:126-127, pi. 6, figs.

14-17, July 22.

1926. Stylothrips brevipalpis Karny, Mem. Dept. Agr.

India, 9:206-208, fig. 10, pi. 19, fig. 4, Sept.

1929. Thrips {Microcephalothrips) abdominalis {=T.

gillettei Mltn.), Moulton, Bull. Brookl. Ent. Soc.,

24:236.

1934. Stylothrips brevipalpus {=Paraphysopus burnsi),

Kelly and Mayne, Australian thrips, pp. 20-21.*

3. Sebicothrips albus Jones, 1912, pp. 6-7, pi. II, figs. 2-5.

4. Sebicothrips moultO'NI Jones, 1912, pp. 7-8, pi. II, figs. 6-9.

5. Limothrips angulicobnis Jablonowski, 1894, Thys. Nova.,

Term. Fuz., 17 :2.

1912. Limothrips setarise Jones, pp. 8-10, pi. Ill, figs. 1-6.

6. Mygtebothrips longirosttrum (Jones), 1912.

1912. Euthrips longirostrum Jones, pp. 12-13, pi. Ill,

figs. 6-9.

1921. Mycterothrips longirostrum Karny, Treubia, 1:216.

♦The writer has not seen this reference.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [ VOL. XIII, NOS. 1-2

1923. Mycterothrips longirostmm Watson, Univ. Fla.

Bull., 168, p. 45.

7. T^niothrips coOTAJLia (Jones), 1912.

1912. Euthrips costalis Jones, pp. 13-14, pi. IV, figs. 1-4.

1923. Tseniothripa costalis Watson, Univ. Fla., Bull, 168,

p. 42.

8. SomTOTHRiPS ALBus (Jones), 1912.

1912. Anaphothrips albua Jones, pp. 16-17, pi. IV, figs.

5- 8.

1923. Scirtothrips albua Watson, Univ. Fla., Bull. 168,

p. 33.

9. HAPLOTHRiPa FASCicULATua (Crawford), 1909.

1909. Phyllothrips fasciculata Crawford, Pomo'na Coll.

Jl. Ent., 1:105-108.

1909. Phyllothrips fasciculata var. stenocepa Crawford,

ibid., p. 108.

1912. Anthothripa nigricomis Jones, pp. 17-18, pi. V,

figs. 1-4.

1912. Haplothrips jonesii Karny, Zool. Ann., 4:344.

1913. Leptothrips russelli Morgan, Proc. U. S. Natl.

Mus., 46:39.

1918-21. Haplothrips jonesii Hood, Mem. Queensland Mus.,

6- 7,: 121-150.

1927. Haplothrips fasciculatus Hood, Pan-Pac. Ent..

3:174-175.

10 and 11. Karnyothrips F 14 AVIPBS (Jones), 1912.

1912. Anthothrips flavipes Jones, p. 18-19, pi. V, figs. 5-7.

1912. Cryptothrips salicis Jones, p. 20-21, pi. VI, figs. 1-3.

1913. Haplothrips ceylonicus Schmutz, Sitz. Acad. Wiss.

Wien, Math.-Natur. Kl., Bd. CXXII, Abt. I,

pp. 1033, 1038.

1915. Zygothrips pullus Hood and Williams, Jl. N.Y. Ent.

Soc., 23:127.

1922. Karnyia weigeli Watson, Fla. Ent., 6-7.

1923. Kamyothrips weigeli (Watson), Univ. Fla., Bull.

168, p. 70.

1923. Haplothrips ha/medi Watson, Fla. Ent., 6:45.

1923. Haplothrips oneco Watson, Univ. Fla., Bull, 168,

pp. 58, 60.

1927. Kamyothrips flavipes Hood, Pan-Pac. Ent.,

3:176-177.

12. HOPLANDROTHRIPa JBNNM (Jones), 1912.

1912. Phlceothrips jennei Jones, pp. 21-22, pi. VI, figs. 4-6.

1913. Phlceothrips floridensis Watson, Ent. News, 24:147.

1923. Hoplandrothrips jennei Watson, Univ. Fla., Bull.

168, p. 50.

Hoplandrothrips jennei Hood, Ent. News, 38:118.

1927.

jan.-april,1937]

BAILEY— THYSANOPTSRA

]3. Hoplandrothrips armiger (Jones), 1912.

1912. Phlceothrips armiger Jones, pp. 23-24, pi. VII, flgB.

1-4.

1923. Hoplandrothrips armiger Watson, Univ. Fla., Bull.

168, p. 50.

During the course of the investigations of the pear (1, 2)

and citrus thrips (3) in California by the Federal Bureau of

Entomology, Mr. Jones collected thrips quite generally from

about 1907 to 1912. During this time he sent material to J. D.

Hood* of Rochester, New York, who has retained it. Also it

is to be noted that Dudley Moulton has classified and numbered

many of Jones’ specimens. About 1920 the Jones collection was

deposited with E. 0. Essig at the University of California. It ie

indeed unfortunate that of the nine valid species the type of

only one, Sericothrips moultoni, is still to be foimd in the col-

lection. All attempts on the part of the writer to locate the

eight missing types have failed, although it is thought that they

are still existent.

Since the writer is making a detailed study of the thrips of

California, and since Mr. Jones is no longer working with this

group of insects, it was thought desirable to catalog this collec-

tion in order to preserve its unity and make the information

available to those interested. Through the kindness of Pro-

fessor Essig, this has been done and the catalog is presented

below. The genera have been listed alphabetically for con-

venience. Unless otherwise stated, the species are from Cali-

fornia.

Threbrantia:

No. Slides

^olothrips kuwanii Moulton 40 (9 5 ’s)

(1 larva)

.^olothrips fasciatus (Linn.) 8

^olothrips anreus Moulton 2 (1 $)

^olothrips bicolor Hinds 3

Anaphothrips obscurus Muller 2

Anaphothrips secticornis (Tryb) 32 (3 ^ ’s)

Anaphothrips (=A. apteris (Dan)

(=A. stanfordii Moulton?)

Anaphothrips zese Moulton 5 (1 wingless)

Remarks

Paratypes

Florida

Indiana

• Hood, J. D. 1927. On the Bynonymy of some 'niyBanopt«a‘a oeeiurini: ia

California. Pan-Pac. Ent., 8:173-178. 1927. Ninetaen eynonyma in the North

American Thysanoptars. Ent. News, 18 :112-113.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yOL. XIII, NOS. 1-2

TBREBR ANTIA :

No. Slides

Remarks

Anaphothrips reticulatus Moulton

All stages

Aptinothrips rufus (Gmelin)

Chirothrips sp.

Peru

FranJdiniella occidentalis (Perg.)

(14 5’s)

Ariz., Calif., Ore.,

Wash.

Frankliniella minuta (Moulton)

(13 ^’s)

Frankliniella moultoni Hood

105

(16 5’s)

Ariz., Calif., Wash.

Frankliniella tritici (Fitch)

(1 $)

Ga., Mich.

Frankliniella insular'is Frank

(1 $)

Texas

Frankliniella fuscus Hinds

(1 brachyp-

N. C., Tenn.

terous )

Frankliniella sp.

Peru

Heliothrips hasmorrhoidalis (Bche)

(1 larva)

Calif., N. Zealand

Hercothrips fasciatus (Perg.)

H eterothrips arisaesmse Hood

Virginia

Leucothrips piercei (Morgan)

Tennessee

Limothrips cerealium Haliday

Tennessee

Odontothrips loti Haliday

Orothrips kelloggii Moulton

(2 ^’s)

Parthenothrips dracsense (Heeger)

Plesiothrips perplexus (Beach)

Tennessee

Scirothrips citri (Moulton)

110

All stages, Ariz.,

Calif.

Scirtothrips albus (Jones)

(6 ^’s)

Scolothrips sexmaculatus (Perg.)

Selenothrips rubrocintus (Giard)

Honolulu

Sericothrips variabilis (Beach)

Ariz., Calif.

^ericothrips cingulaius Hinds

Tennessee

Sericothrips moultoni Jones

Type, & 2 cotypes

Tseniothrips inconsequens (Uzel)

104

All stages ; Calif.,

New York, Pa.

Tseniothrips vulgatissimus Hal. ( ? )

1 1

Thrips tabaci Lind

1 slide from

Australia

Thrips nigropilosus f.

brachyptera (Uzel)

Thrips madroni Moulton

(17 ^’s)

Thrips imaginis B agnail

Australia

Undetermined (mutilated)

Tubulifera:

Aleyrodothrips fasciapennis Fkln.

Florida

Bagnalliella yuccse Hinds

Tennessee

Gynaikothrips uzeli Zimm.

(1 pupa)

Florida

Haplothrips fasciculatus (Cfd.)

(1 $)

Haplothrips malifloris Hood

New Mexico

Haplothrips leucanthemi (Schk)

Florida, Mont.

jan.-april,1937]

BAILEY— THYSANOPTERA

Tubuliftoa :

Hoplandrothrips funehris Hood 1

Hoplothrips wlmi (Fab.) 1

Leptothrips mali (Fitch) 35

Liothrips mantanus Hood 1

Neoheegeria verbasci (Osb.) 2

Rhynchothrips ilex (Moulton) 46 (2 ’s)

Tubuliferous larva (unidentified) 3

Virginia

Pennsylvania

Calif., Ga., Ohio,

Tenn.

Montana

Mich., Tenn.

All stages

Ohio

The published works of P. R. Jones on thrips are listed below.

(1) Foster, S. W., and P. R. Jones.

1911. How to control the pear thrips. U.S.D.A., Bur.

Ent., Circ. No. 131, pp. 1-24, Jan. 9.

(2) Foster, S. W., and P. R. Jones.

1915. The life history and habits of the pear thrips in

California. U.S.D.A., Bui. No. 173, Prof. Paper,

pp. 1-52, Apr. 13.

(3) Jones, P. R., and J. R. Horton.

1911. The orange thrips. A report of progress for the

years 1909 and 1910. U.S.D.A., Bur. Ent., Bui.

No 99, Part I, pp. 1-16, March 6.

(4) Jones, P. R.

1912. Some new California and Georgia Thysanoptera.

U.S.D.A., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser., No. 23, Part I,

pp. 1-24, Jan. 26.

Weevil Larv^ Annoying to Householders

A. E. Michelbacher reports that during the early part of

April, 1936, numerous larvae and decently developed adults of

a poplar weevil, tentatively identified as Dorytomus nubiculinus

Casey, were dropping from a large poplar tree on to a house

in Sacramento and worming their way into the rooms through

the cracks surrounding the screens, much to the annoyance of

the owners. This weevil is rather uncommon in this state, having

been found previously only at Sacramento and in the mountains

of northern Trinity County. — Edwin C. Van Dyke.

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yOL. XIII, NOS. 1-2

July 26, same locality, by Paul Oman. Nine specimens studied.

Seven paratypes, four in the collection of the University of

Kansas; three in that of the author, Museum of the California

Academy of Sciences.

Simplex is most closely related to wagneri Blais, and can

quickly be recognized by the male having the protibise unmodi-

fied and less widened apically, resembling that of the female.

The protibiae are straight, their ventral surfaces not grooved, the

margins loosely tuberculate. The pubescent area on the ventral

surfaces of the metafemora is longer and heavier than in wagneri.

The profemora are only slightly inflated. The labial palpi and

apices of the maxillary palpi are rufous.

In wagneri the ventral surfaces of the protibiae are distinctly

grooved and the outer or posterior margin of each groove is the

most prominent, with four or five irregularly spaced larger

tubercules; the less prominent inner or anterior margin is feebly

and irregularly subtuberculate. The pubescent area on the

ventral surface of each metafemur is located in the middle third,

the hairs are coarse, longer and directed apicad, on and from

each side of the median plane, the area is narrow basad and

gradually widens toward the apex.

In punctatus Blais, the protibise are quite like those of wag-

neri: broadly sinuate on the ventral surface as viewed from the

side. The profemora are distinctly inflated. The ventral sur-

faces of the metafemora and mesofemora are sparsely punctate,

each puncture with a short seta.

In parallelus Lee. the pubescent areas of the ventral surfaces

of the metafemora and mesofemora consist of dense, short and

soft pile, distinctly different from that observed in the other

species; besides the protibiae are more arcuate, the femora are

more contracted and subcylindrical basally and the metatibiae

have a larger tuft of pubescence as viewed from behind.

Note

Ue undersigned feds it necessary tor ttie present to discon-

tinue the identification of Coleoptera. The task deroan s too

r; te and interferes - much trith other studies he now has

cn hand.— Trank E. Blaisdelt r.

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Vol. XIII

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No. 3

THE

Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Published by the

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in co-operation with

The California Academy of Sciences

CONTENTS

UVAROV, A REPRESENTATIVE OF AN OLD WORLD SUBFAMILY

OF ACRIDIDAE IN SOUTHWESTERN NORTH AMERICA 97

BOHART, A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF STREPSIPTERA

FROM CANADA 101

ROSS, STUDIES IN THE GENUS HISTER 106

SUGDEN, NOTES ON THE MIGRATIONAL FLIGHTS OF VANESSA

CARDUI IN UTAH 109

WHITE, THREE NEW BEETLES OF THE GENUS CRYPTOCEPHALUS 111

CAZIER, FOUR NEW COLEOPTERA 116

LANGE, A NEW EPINOTIA FROM CALIFORNIA 118

VAN DUZEE, SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES ON A CICADELLID 120

BAILEY, THE GENUS DACTULIOTHRIPS 121

SMITH, THE APHID GENUS FLABELLOMICROSIPHUM IN UTAH 127

WILLIAMS, A NOTE ON GYRINID BEETLES FROM ESCUINTLA

GUATEMALA 129

SCOTT, COLLEMBOLA FOUND UNDER BARK OF DEAD TREES IN

CALIFORNIA, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW SPECIES 131

DUNCAN, NOTES ON CROSS-MATINGS INVOLVING TROPIA

LUNA AND THE GENUS SAMIA 136

HENRY, BIOLOGICAL NOTES ON TIMENA CALIFORNICUM 137

PROCEEDINGS OF THE PACIFIC COAST ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 141

San Francisco, California

1937

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

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Published at the California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park,

San Francisco, California.

Entered as second class matter, February 10, 1925, at the postoffice at

San Francisco, California, under Act of August 24, 1912.

The Pan-Pacific Entomologist

VOL. XIII, No. 3 July, 1937

A REPRESENTATIVE OF AN OLD WORLD SUBFAMILY OF

ACRIDIDAE IN SOUTH-WESTERN NORTH AMERICA

BY B. P. UVAROV, D.Sc.

British Museum of Natural History

In 1889 L. Bruner described a curious Acridid from Lower

California which he called 'Dracotettix monstrosus and placed

into the subfamily Pyrgomorphinae (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XH,

1889, p. 49). Later on, he removed the genus, while describing

two more species of it, again from California, to the subfamily

Catantopinae, in the vicinity of Tropinotus (Biologia Central!-

Americana, Acrid., p. 226, 1907). This position of the genus

appeared to satisfy other American orthopterists.

Having had a recent occasion to examine a pair of speci-

mens of Dracotettix monstrosus, I was immediately struck by

the great resemblance of the insect to members of the sub-

family Pamphaginae, hitherto known only from the Old World.

A more detailed study confirmed the correctness of this impres-

sion, supported by the following morphological data.

The structure of antennas in Dracotettix, while not impos-

sible for a member of Catantopinae, is certainly such as is very

common amongst genera of Pamphaginae with moderately

specialized antennae. In Dracotettix they are fairly stoutly built,

and the basal joints are distinctly incrassate, thus exhibiting a

tendency to a differentiation into ensiculus and flagellum of the

more highly specialized Pamphaginae.

The frontal ridge of Dracotettix is of a type very characteristic

for Pamphaginae, though similar structure of the ridge can be

observed in certain genera of Catantopinae. It is, however, the

strueture of the fastigium of vertex which proves beyond any

doubt the Pamphagine ajffinity of Dracotettix. The fastigium is

oval in shape, strongly concave, with acute raised margins which

tend to bifurcate near the eyes, although becoming less dis-

tinct posteriorly. The bifurcated fastigial margins are amongst

the essential characters of the subfamily Pamphaginae and the

degree of their development in Dracotettix is exaetly the same

as in Lamarckiana, one of the most typical genera of that sub-

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[vOL. XIII, NO. 3

family. It is interesting to note that Dracotettix shares with

Lamarckiana another detail in the structure of the fastigium,

namely, the absence of an apical median sulcus which is well

developed in many other genera of Pamphaginae, but not in all

of them. Its absence in Dracotettix, therefore, cannot be used

as an argument against including the genus into Pamphaginae.

The structure of pronotum in Dracotettix appears very dif-

ferent from that in all known Old World Pamphaginae, because

of the strongly developed lateral carinae, while the median carina

and the transverse sulci are of the type to be expected in the

subfamily. However, a tendency to the development of lateral

pronotal carinae can be observed in many genera of Pamphaginae,

not closely related to each other, such as Ocneridia (e.g. canonica

Fisch.), Euryparyphes, Nocarodes, Adephagus, and especially

Akicera. In the last named genus, the lateral carinae are

developed particularly well, and it is interesting to note that

the general shape of the median carina in Dracotettix is also

very similar to that in Akicera.

Apparently, the reason for including Dracotettix into Catan-

topinae was the presence of a prominent prostemal tubercle. I

had already an opportunity to point out (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist.,

ser. 10, vol. XIV, 1934, p. 469) that this character has no abso-

lute value, and the tubercle may be well developed, or almost

absent, in species of Catantopinae belonging to the same genus

(e.g. Dericorys) . On the other hand, the tubercle is well de-

veloped in many Pamphaginae, but , always arising from the an-

terior margin of the prosternum, not from its disc. The tubercle

in Dracotettix is exactly of this type characteristic for Pampha-

ginae, since it is flattened in front and with the anterior edges

formed by the prolongation of the anterior margin of prosternum,

while its posterior surface is sloping and rugose. On this char-

acter alone, Dracotettix should be referred to Pamphaginae with-

out any hesitation.

There is, however, a further highly important character sup-

porting my view, although its presence in Pamphaginae has been

underestimated by previous workers. I refer to the specialized

(rugulose, or striate) plate at the antero-inferior angle of the

second abdominal tergite. Such a plate is a well-known char-

acter of the group Batrachotetrigini [Eremohiites of Saussure,

JULY, 1937]

UVAROV— DRACOTETTIX

who also mentioned its presence in Pamphaginae) of the sub-

family Oedipodinae, but my examination of a large number of

genera of Pamphaginae proved that it is not only present in many

of them, but often more highly developed than in Batracho-

tetrigini. Thus, the plate is very distinct and provided with dense

parallel ridges in Lamarckiana, Porthetis, Hololopha^, Euna-

piodes, Ocnerodes, Akicera, Pamphagus, while in Acinipe,

Amigus and Euryparjphes the plate is distinct, but only granu-

late, not ridged. No plate, or only a very rudimentary one is

observed in Ocneridia, Tropidauchen, Nocaracris, Nocar odes,

Glauia, Orchamus, Prionosthenus and Pamphagulus. If, there-

fore, the absence of this plate cannot be regarded as a character

excluding a genus from Pamphaginae, its presence in well

developed form in Dracotettix constitutes a very strong argu-

ment in favor of including this genus into that subfamily, or into

the group Batrachotetrigini. The structure of the vertex in our

genus is, however, definitely against the latter possibility.

If still further arguments are needed, the shape of posterior

femur and the irregular disposition of the pinnate ridges on its

extemomedian area in Dracotettix are such as are usual for

Pamphaginae, but not for Catantopinae. The armature of pos-

terior tibia is also as in Pamphaginae.

Finally, the male abdomen of Dracotettix is recurved towards

the apex which is compressed laterally, with the subgenital plate

truncate and tuberculate, as in many Pamphaginae, but very

unlike the various types of abdomen observed in Catantopinae.

It would be superfluous to quote further minor points in sup-

port of my firm conviction that Dracotettix represents a genus

of Pamphaginae. Unfortunately, I have no specimens of another

Californian genus Leptoscirtus L. Bruner, considered by Ameri-

can authors closely allied to Dracotettix, which therefore, for

the time being remains the sole representative in the New World

of the essentially Old World subfamily Pamphaginae.

The distribution of Pamphaginae is of unusual interest, as

will be seen from the appended map (fig. I). Its representa-

tives occur mostly in dry rocky regions of South and East Africa,

North-West Africa, Iberian peninsula. Western Asia and in the

Canary Islands. This type of distribution is, however, not excep-

tional and numerous parallel cases can be quoted. For instance.

100

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[vOL. XIII, NO. 3

a very aberrant group Orgeriini of the family Dictyopharidae

(Homoptera) includes a considerable number of genera spread

over drier parts of the Mediterranean region and into Turkestan,

several genera occurring in South Africa, and has representatives

in south-western North America. It is particularly significant

that the genus Orgerius includes about 20 Mediterranean species

and at least four occurring in California, Colorado and Utah

(Oshanin, Revue Russe d’Entom., XIII, 1913, p. 135; Melichar,

Abh.k.k. zool.-bot.Ges.Wien, VII, Heft 1, 1912). In the Neurop-

terous family Bittacidae there are two allied flightless genera,

Apterohittacus MacLach. occurring in California, and Anomalo-

hittacus Kimmins of South Africa (Kimmins, Ann. & Mag. Nat.

Hist., ser. 10, I, 1928, p. 395; Wood, Z.c., ser. 10, XH, 1933, p.

536). A type of distribution very similar to that outlined for

Pamphaginae is observed, amongst plants, in the case of the

genus Fagonitt' of the order Zygophyllaceae (Popov, Bull. Middle

Asian State Univ. 15 1927, p. 248).

Figure 1

It may remain a matter of opinion whether discontinuous

distribution of this type should be regarded as giving support

to the former existence of an Atlantis, or to Wegener’s theory

of continental drift. In any case, there is a series of definitely

established facts of an ancient faunistic and floristic relationship

between the dry semi-desert and desert countries of the Medi-

terranean region and South Africa, on one hand, and arid south-

western North America, on the other.

I am very grateful to my friends, Mr. W. E. China and Mr.

D. E. Kimmins, for reference to the literature on their special

groups of insects.

JULY, 1937]

BOHART— STREPSIPTERA

101

A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF STREPSIPTERA

FROM CANADA

BY RICHARD M. BOHART

University of California, Berkeley

A good series of specimens of both sexes of a remarkable

strepsipterous insect of the family Halictophagidae has been sent

the author by Miss Margaret Mackay of the University of Sas-

katchewan. The material was collected by her at Vonda, Sas-

katchewan, parasitic on leaf hoppers of the genus Delta cephalus.

On the basis of wing venation, thoracic structure, genitalia, and

particularly the peculiar tibiae of this insect, it has been deemed

advisable to erect for it a new genus. Pseudopatella.

At first glance the legs of the male of this form appear to

have an extra segment interpolated between the femur and tibia

corresponding to the patella as found in most Arachnida. How-

ever, as closer examination reveals no articulation between the

apparent segment and the tibia proper, the indication is that

the tibia has undergone a basal differentiation. This character

is most pronounced in the forelegs, where the “patella” bears a

stout, sharp, sclerotized lateral projection (figs. 1, 3, and 5).

This condition is unique among the Halictophagidae, to which

Pseudopatella obviously belongs, by virtue of its seven-seg-

mented antennae and three-segmented tarsi.

For the present the use to which the projection on the

front legs is put can only be a matter for conjecture. It appears

feasible, however, that it might assist the male in emerging from

his puparium. The author has had the opportunity of observ-

ing at various times tbe emergence of several male Strep siptera

from their puparia in wasps and bees. In these forms the male

pops off the head or cap of the puparium by pushing against

it with its mandibles. It then works its way out with more or

less of a wriggling motion, poises for an instant on the edge of

the puparium as it unfolds its wings, and flies off. Occasionally

the male experiences difficulty in emerging and the author has

caught specimens of bees and wasps bearing males dead within

their headless puparia. Apparently they had been unable to

emerge even after thrusting off the puparium cap.

102

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[vOL. XIII, NO. 3

A projection on the forelegs which could he hooked over

the edge of the puparium, thereby increasing the leverage, would

obviously be useful during emergence. In Pseudopatella this

would be especially true as the puparium cap is not completely

dehiscent but is connected by a broad ventral hinge with the

rest of the puparium (fig. 2), and may likely interfere with

emergence.

Other features of Pseudopatella in addition to the legs dis-

tinguish it in the male from related halictophagid genera. The

antennae are less compact than those of Pentozoe Pierce,

Cyrtacaraxenos Pierce, or Pyrilloxenos Pierce, but are similar

to these in that the segmental prolongations become progressively

shorter toward the apex. The second segment of the palpus is

slightly longer than the first but is not pointed or strongly taper-

ing as in Pyrilloxenos, Delphacixenos Pierce, and Pentacladocera

Pierce. The prothorax is not sunken into the head as in Pentozoe

and Stenocranophilus Pierce and the general relationship of

head, pro- and meso-thorax is similar to that of Pyrilloxenos.

The venation of the hind wings is typical of the more primitive

halictophagids, the anal area possessing three veins. The gen-

eral proportions of the dorsum of the metathorax are most closely

parallelled by Pentozoe which, however, has a relatively larger

prescutum. The aedeagus is more inflated at the base than in

Pentozocera Pierce or Cyrtacaraxenos and more slender than in

Pyrilloxenos.

The characters of female Strepsiptera parasitic on the

Homoptera are so little known that an attempt to ally this form

in the female is impossible. The same can be said of first larvae,

the figures and descriptions of which have never been entirely

satisfactory. The first larva of Pseudopatella has five ocelli in

each eye, of which the anterior two are directed forward and

are sometimes diflicult to distinguish. Never more than four

and usually only three ocelli have been shown in the figures of

previous workers in this family.

Pseudopatella Bohart, new genus

(Figs. 1-8)

Male. Antennae seven-segmented with the last five segments

laterally produced; segment four with a large basal sensorium.

Eyes with fewer and larger facets below than above. Prothorax

JULY, 1937]

BOHART— STREPSIPTERA

103

and mesothorax not crowded toward the head. Hind wings with

three anal veins. Tibise has ally differentiated, front tibia with

a sharp lateral prolongation at the base; tarsi three-segmented,

segments nearly equal in size. Metaprescutum small, nearly tri-

angular; postlumbium almost half as long as wide, ^deagus

slender, inflated at the base.

Female. Mandibles with a large apical tooth and sometimes

with a very small outer subapical tooth visible. Abdomen ap-

parently five-segmented; first ventral segment with an irregular

median darkened area; three transverse median genital openings

present on segments two, three, and four, respectively.

First stage larva. Body composed of head, three thoracic,

and ten abdominal segments. Eyes with five ocelli. Thoracic

segments with two pairs of latero-dorsal bristles each. Tibiee

each with a bristle above the middle. Tarsi similar and spatulate.

Ninth abdominal segment latero-dorsally with a pair of short

bristles, latero-ventrally with a pair of short tubercles bearing

long bristles, and with a single apical bristle in the median ven-

tral line. Tenth abdominal segment with a long pair of latero-

dorsal bristles and the usual pair of terminal stylets.

Pseudopatella mackayi Bohart, new species

(Figs. 1-8)

Male. Body dark brown, hind wings and tarsi pale, second

and third abdominal segments each with a pair of dark ventral

spots, fourth toi eighth abdominal segments each with single large

median ventral patches. Head wide V-shaped in dorsal aspect,

tapering toward the front; mandibles long-triangular and sharply

pointed; maxillae composed of two nearly equal segments, the

slightly longer second segment stout, rounded at the tip, and

covered with sensoria; antennae with the prolongations of the

third to seventh segments becoming progressively shorter toward

the apex, segments not closely compressed. Prothorax band-like,

not sunken into the head. Mesothorax transverse, composed of

two dorsal parts, the anterior of which bears the slender paddle-

shaped elytra. Metaprescutum small, almost triangular; each

scutum divided into an upper and a lower section by an oblique

line; scutellum broad, five-cornered; postlumbium relatively large,

depressed, postcutellum evenly rounded, half the length of the entire

metathorax. Legs slender; tibia of front leg about twice as long

as its basal projection; hind femora slender, arcuate. Abdomen

somewhat depressed dorsally; sedeagus moderately inflated at the

base, very slender toward the apex, apical process sharply pointed,

forming an acute 'angle with the main axis. Length of body

excluding the antennse, 1.15 mm.; length of the antennee, 0.32 mm.;

width of the head, 0.39 mm.; wing expanse, 2.15 mm.

104

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XIII, NO. 3

Female. Head yellowish-brown except for the mandibles and

apical lobe which are dark brown, thorax very dark brown, abdo-

men with an irregular patch on the first ventral segment which

is brown with a yellowish-brown border and similar in size and

shape to the outline of the cephalothorax. Shape of the cephalo-

thorax irregular and angled, strengthened dorsally by rod-like

thickenings which pass from the base of the thorax to the posterior

portion of the head. Mandibles bent sharply outward near the

apex, apical tooth sharp. Base of head with a strong, dark-colored

thickening on either side reaching from the edges of the brood pas-

sage opening almost to the hind angles of the head. Spiracles not

reaching the margins, less than their diameter from the hind angles

of the head. 'Width of the cephalothorax at the spiracles, 0.22

mm.; width at base of mandibles, 0.14 mm.; width at base of head,

0.24 mm.; width at base of cephalothorax, 0.18 mm.; length from

brood canal opening to apex, 0.09 mm.; length from base of cephalo-

thorax to apex, 0.22 mm.

First stage larva. Length of body excluding stylets, 0.175 mm.;

length of stylets, 0.065 mm.

Holotype male, allotype female, and eighteen paratypes

(four males and fourteen females). All type material collected

at Vonda, Saskatchewan, Canada.

Host: Deltocephalus affinis G. and B. (det. by E. P. Van

Duzee) .

Bibliography

Meijere, de, J. C. H., 1908. Zwei neue Strepsipteren aus Java.

Tijdschr. v. Ent., 51, 185-190, 1 pi.

Perkins, R. C. L., 1905. Leafhoppers land their natural enemies.

Hawaiian Sugar Planters Assoc. Exp. Sta. Bull. no. 1, part 3,

pp. 90-111, 4 pis.

Pierce, W. D., 1909. A monographic revision of the twisted winged

insects comprising the order Strepsiptera Kirby. Bull.

U. S. Natl. Mus. no. 66, pp. l-2'52, 15 pis.

, 1911. Notes on insects of the order Strepsiptera with

descriptions of new species. Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus., 40:487-

511.

, 1914 Descriptions of two new species of Strepsiptera

parasitic on sugarcane insects. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 16:126-

129.

, 1918. The comparative morphology of the order

Strepsiptera together with records and descriptions of insects.

Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus., 54:391-501, 15 pis.

JULY, 1937]

BOHART— STREPSIPTERA

105

Explanation of Plate. Pseudopatella mackayi Bohart. Fig. 1,

holotype male, dorsal; Fig. 2, empty male puparium, ventral; Fig.

3, male, ventral; Fig. 4, end of male abdomen, lateral; Fig. 5,

prothoracic leg enlarged; Fig. 6, allotype female, ventral (egg

sac removed) ; Fig. 7, female mandible enlarged; Fig. 8, first stage

larva, lateral.

106

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XIII, NO. 3

STUDIES IN THE GENUS HISTER

(Coleoptera, Histeridee)

BY EDWARD S. ROSS

University of California

Subgenus SpiLODiscus Lewis

The Pacific Coast species of the militaris section of this sub-

genus, militaris Horn, oregonus Csy., electus Csy. and simplicipes

Fall, are very closely allied if indeed they be distinct. The last

originally described as a rather isolated species and later placed

as a variety of oregonus was characterized by having the pro-

tibiae non-denticulate along the outer margins. Oregonus was

separated from electus by its more coarsely sculptured elytral

flanks, almost non-denticulate fore-tibiae, narrower form, finer

pygidial punctuation and several other characters; electus being

distinguished from militaris by its greater number of pro-tibial

denticules.

In an attempt to determine the validity of some of these char-

acters I have brought together as large a series of material relat-

ing to these species as I could. Most of this material, in addi-

tion to my own, was contained in the collections of Doctors E. C.

Van Dyke and F. E. Blaisdell, Mr. J. 0. Martin and Mr. L. S.

Slevin, deposited in the Museum of the California Academy of

Sciences. Unfortunately no specimens were available from

Oregon or Washington from which states oregonus and electus

were described; however the series contains representatives from

many localities in California, from Lassen County in the north,

south to San Diego. In spite of this wide range I have concluded

that only one species is represented; that being militaris.

For the purpose of determining sex the genitalia of all the

specimens were dissected out. A rather interesting correlation

of characters was thus discovered; it was found that in every case

regardless of distribution, the males possessed the non-denticu-

late fore-tibiae characterizing simplicipes while only the females

had the “normal” denticulate tibiae. In addition the males were

found to be on the whole smaller and more narrow with their

pygidia distinctly more weakly punctate; otherwise further sec-

ondary sexual characters were not apparent. The striation of

the pronotum and elytra showed no peculiarities correlating with

sex but exhibited sufiicient variability to exclude such characters

from use in separating these species.

JULY, 1937]

ROSS— GENUS HISTER

107

From these observations it is at once apparent that the form

described as simplicipes is merely the male of militaris, also

that the characters used for separating oregonus from electus

seem to be secondary sexual in nature; the former undoubtedly

being described from a male and the latter from a female. I

cannot find in checking specimens of militaris with the descrip-

tions of electus and oregonus any differences other than those

subject to variation. However, except for simplicipes, the pos-

sible synonomy suggested above must not be regarded as con-

clusive until specimens from Oregon and Washington are avail-

able for examination.

Three specimens in this series from Laguna Beach, Calif.,

representing both sexes are totally black showing no indication

of the usual red and black coloration of the elytra. This is not

due to the decolorization of the red by exudation of grease as

the specimens are perfectly clean and dry. This peculiarity

also noted by Fall (1901), indicates that the red and black

coloration of the elytra cannot be used as a general characteris-

tic of this section as supposed by some workers.

Hister s. str. Group Sexstriatus

This group, originally containing the one species sexstriatus

Lee. (1851) from San Francisco, Calif., has since been enlarged

by the addition of maritimus Csy. (1916) also from San Fran-

cisco and jacohianus Csy. (1916) from San Diego. The last

was separated from the two northern species by the strong trans-

verse frontal stria of the head which is weaker and inflexed in

sexstriatus and interrupted medially in maritimus. The size and

form of the species were also used as characters for their separa-

tion by Casey.

In examining over sixty specimens of this group from San

Francisco and vicinity I find that the characters used for separat-

ing maritimus from sexstriatus, are subject to considerable varia-

tion. The frontal stria on one hand may be entire, strong and

only slightly inflexed while on the other represented by only

weak lateral rudiments. These extremes and all degrees of

variation between them may be seen in any large series even

when collected in the same locality under identical conditions.

Furthermore size and form seem to be in no way correlated with

108

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[vOL. XIII, NO. 3

any structural peculiarities; the length varies from 5 to 8 mm.

and averages 6.5 mm. These facts suggest that maritimus is

merely a variant form of sexstriatus.

The southern exponent, jacohianus, is readily distinguished

by characters which are more constant and which correlate well

with its distribution; however they are not sufl&ciently strong or

clearly defined in specimens from its northern limit of range to

warrant its status as a distinct species; it seems preferable to

consider it as a subspecies of sexstriatus. This subspecies is

characterized by its strongly impressed transverse frontal stria

and by its less definite third dorsal elytral stria. The latter

varies, being strong and entire as in sexstriatus in some indi-

viduals, or almost obsolete except for a fine rudiment in the

basal third in others; this latter condition seems to be the most

typical in spite of the fact that the form was described from an

example having the third dorsal strong and entire. In all other

respects including size variation this subspecies resembles

sexstriatus. It is distributed from the southern San Joaquin

Valley in the north, south along the coast and in the mountains

to San Diego. I have also seen specimens from south central

Arizona which are identical with the California material and

which constitute a new record of distributon for the group.

The author wishes to express thanks to Mr. E. P. Van Duzee

for permitting use of material in the collection of the California

Academy of Sciences, to Dr. E. C. Van Dyke for loan of material

from his eollecion as well as for reading the manuscript and to

Mr. H. B. Leech for helpful criticisms and suggestions.

Collecting Bees From Cactus Flowers

In collecting bees from cactus flowers the use of a net is

distinctly limited. Females of several species may be readily

captured by merely placing the mouth of a collecting vial over

the flowers from which they are gathering pollen. Males, how'

ever, do not always visit the flowers, but in certain species fly

rapidly about the plant in constant search for females. This

particularly applies in the case of Diadasia. These latter may

be collected by placing a dead female in the center of a con-

spicuous flower. The male bees locate the female (apparently

by sight) and alight upon the flower, remaining long enough to

be easily captured. — E. Gorton Linsley.

JULY, 1937]

SUGDEN— VANESSA CARDUI

109

NOTES ON THE MIGRATIONAL FLIGHTS OF

VANESSA CARDUr IN UTAH

BY DR. JOHN W. SUGDEN

University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah

The periodic migrational or dispersional flights of the Painted

Lady butterfly, Vanessa cardui, have been described and oc-

casionally they have been so noticeable as to have excited com-

ment in the daily press. The following Salt Lake City and

Utah flights have been noted.

1924. The butterflies appeared in large numbers on April

13th and were flying in a northerly direction. They were com-

mon in all parts of the city, were seen in the downtown section

and the flight continued most of the day. They were most

numerous the first day at which time many were flying in pairs

but for the remainder of the week only single individuals were

on the wing. The insects were lighter in color than the usual

mid-summer individuals and all were in good condition. With

a hand net specimens were easily collected without moving from

one spot as fast as it was possible to remove them from the net.

1930. Starting March 30th and continuing for several days

the butterflies were seen fairly evenly distributed over the entire

city including the downtown district. Three or four to six or

eight could be seen in a city block while traveling in a car.

After April 10th none were seen in flight.

1931. On May 3rd many light-colored insects were found

all over the city and all were flying in a northerly direction.

None were mating or hovering about. They were flying in a

steady manner from three to twenty feet above the ground in

a direct course deviating only to pass obstacles. During the

last week of April a similar hut larger flight took place but

apparently it was much more extensive as it was noticed in

other parts of the state.

1935. On May 7th and 8th very large flights were found

from Richfield, Utah (Sevier County) north to the point of

the mountain at the junction of Salt Lake and Utah counties,

a distance of about 100 miles and a smaller flight was observed

over Salt Lake City. The insects were flying north in the usual

1 Pyrameis cardui (L)

Cynthia cardui (L) Barnes and Benjamin, 1926

Vanessa cardui (L) Comstock, 1927

110

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[vOL. XIII, NO. 3

Steady manner. About the gardens a few individuals (the resi-

dents) were flitting about the flowers. In Richfield there was

at the same time a flight of Pieris rapes.

These flights were all of light-colored individuals, flying in

a northerly direction on the early warm days of spring. The

1924 flight apparently was very extensive as it has been reported

as having been observed from the coast of Southern California

as far east as Southern Colorado.

Personal Notes

Certain members of the Pacific Coast Entomological Society

are now, or have been, in the field this season for collecting

or for scientific research. Dr. Van Dyke spent a part of May

and June in Owen’s Valley, California, in charge of The Uni-

versity of California’s summer class 99 in Entomology, making

their headquarters at Lone Pine, Inyo Co. Judging from the

fine series of insects he has turned over to the Academy he must

have greatly depleted the insect fauna of the Valley. From this

region the Academy has had little except the rather extensive

series of Hymenoptera and diurnal Lepidoptera taken there by

the late Chas. L. Fox, and something over 8,000 insects, mostly

Coleoptera and Hemiptera taken by R. L. Usinger and the writer

in 1929.

During May the writer collected on the Mojave Desert, work-

ing out from Palmdale into Mint Canyon and the Antelope

V alley to the west and to Little Rock to the east, with one week’s

work at Blythe where, however, conditions were too dry and

hot for good results. At this writing (July 30) Dr. Van Dyke

is working in Northern California and Dr. F. E. Blaisdell at

Twain-Harte Lodge, or near there.

Three of the University boys, Mr. E. Gorton Linsley, Mr.

Robert Usinger and Mr. Chas. D. Michener, are spending a

month in the east visiting some of the more important collec-

tions of insects, studying certain groups in which they are inter-

ested and comparing specimens with some of the types there.

They drove east by auto, visiting collections in Colorado, Kansas,

Iowa, Washington, Philadelphia, New York and Boston. They

expect to be back in early August. — E. P. Van Duzee.

JULY, 1937]

WHITE— CRYPTOCEPHALUS

111

THREE NEW BEETLES OF THE GENUS

CRYPTOCEPHALUS (CHRYSOMELID^)

BY B. E. WHITE

University of California

Extensive study of the genus Cryptocephalus has proven the

existence of three new memhers. These are presented as a fore-

runner to a revision that will include the American species from

north of Mexico.

Cryptocephalus cerinus White, new species

Wax yellow, large, robust, especially proportionally broader

at base of elytra, the third and fifth elytral intervals con-

spicuously wider, punctures on the elytral disk separated by at

least their own diameters.

Female : Head pale, interocular impression and around antennal

insertion slightly darker, surface smooth, sparsely punctured,

antennse reaching to first abdominal segment, outer segments

darker; thorax two-thirds as long as wide, sides gradually nar-

rowing toward apex then more arcuate to apical angles, hind

angles directed backward, surface nearly impunctate, pale brown

or slightly fuscous, with a pale yellow crescent-shaped area ex-

tending across the base, the tips directed forward, a smaller pale

triangular area at the apical margin with the inner angle pro-

longed up the disk mid-way from the apex; elytra wax yellow

with rows of brown punctures, scutellar stria short reaching basal

third, first stria extending to middle, the second united at apex

with the seventh, the third united at apex, with the fourth, the

fifth united at apex with the sixth, seventh united at the humeral

angle with the marginal stria, all striee entire except sixth which

is confused at humeral third, intervals feebly convex, shining and

very feebly wrinkled, intervals wide; body beneath and femora

pale; prosternum very broad and only feebly convex with the

anterior cusp quite blunt and the posterior lateral prominence

directed backwards; last ventral segment with a deep, round fovea.

Length 6 mm., width 3.25 mm.

Male: Similar to female but smaller as usual, the anterior

cusp of the prosternum much more pronounced and acute while

the posterior prominences are more widely separated than in the

female, only an inconspicuous indication of the fovea on the last

ventral segment. Length 4.5 mm., width 2.5 mm.

Type locality: Lebec, California.

Host: Chrysothamnus nauseous subsp. mohavensis Hall.

112

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[vOL. XIII, NO. 3

Holotype female, allotype male, and nineteen paratypes col-

lected by author are in his collection, two paratypes in collec-

tion of the California Academy of Sciences, two in A. R. Mead’s

collection, one in each of the following collections: A. T. McClay

and M. A. Cazier, three in R. F. Peter’s collection, two in the

H. B. Leech collection and ten in the Roy S. Wagner collection.

The larger size, more robust form, arrangement of the elytral

striae and punctures and the distinct difference of the prostemum

will easily separate this species from C. spurcus Lee., which seems

to be its nearest relative. C. spurcus is consistently found on

Isocoma while C. cerinus seems restricted to Chrysothamnus.

Cryptocephalus spurcus vandykei White, new subspecies

Fuscous with three black vittae on each elytron confused, black

markings on the pronotum, medium to large size, form robust,

punctures heavy and close together.

Female: Head pale, a narrow inter-orbital impression and the

area around the antennal insertion darker, surface moderately

punctate with a single hair arising from each puncture, antennae

reaching to basal third of elytra, uniformly dark; thorax twice

as broad as long, feebly arcuate at sides, more strongly arcuate

near apical angles, hind angles directed backward, color fuscous

with lateral basal spots, a median triangular basal spot and two

large lateral discal spots darker, the discal spots gradually fading

laterally and then fusing with the lateral basal spots, surface

moderately finely [punctate, the punctation more dense and coarse

in the darker areas; elytra fuscous, minutely rugose with rows

of coarse black punctures, scutellar stria short, not reaching base,

first stria reaching to apical third, second nearly joining the

submarginal at apex, the third and fourth united at apex, fifth

and sixth united at apex, submarginal united at base with the

marginal ; punctures very close, nearly confluent in the striae ; area

between scutellar stria and suture black, interval between scutellar

and first stria fuscous, third interval black, fourth fuscous from

apex to basal fourth where it becomes black, fifth entirely black,

sixth fuscous from base to apical fifth where it is black, seventh

black from base to middle where it becomes fuscous, eighth fuscous

from apical tip to humeral umbone which is black, marginal vitta

black from apex to middle, fuscous from middle to base; body

beneath piceous, paler at middle and sides; prosternum similar

to that of C. spurcus Lee. but a little more convex and the posterior

prominences more approximate; last ventral segment with a large

deep fovea at the middle; pygidium dark and heavily punctate.

Length 5.25 mm., width 3 mm.

JULY, 1937]

WHITE— CRYPTOCEPHALUS

113

Male: Similar to female but smaller and without the fovea

on the last ventral segment. Length 4.25 mm., width 2.25 mm.

Type locality: Carpinteria, California.

Host: Isocoma venetus subsp. vernoniodes Jepson.

Holotype female, allotype male, with twenty-five paratypes

collected by the author are in his collection; several paratypes

in collection of the California Academy of Sciences and two in

each of the following collections: A. T. McClay, A. R. Mead,

M. A. Cazier.

There seems to be very little variation in this subspecies

other than in degree of color and that is not pronounced. The

punctures on the elytral disk are quite constant and the color

pattern is very similar in the 75 or 100 specimens examined.

The size ranges from 4 to 6 mm. in length. This form has been

included in collections with the typical spurcus which differs

from it by being lighter and having the lighter areas dirty yellow

where vandykei is fuscous. The markings on the prothorax and

the elytral vittae are dissimilar. I take pleasure in naming this

distinct geographical subspecies after Dr. E. C. Van Dyke.

Cryptocephalus cerinus nevadensis White, new subspecies

Wax yellow, large, robust, especially proportionally broader

at base of elytra, the third and fifth elytral intervals con-

spicuously wider, punctures on the elytral disk separated by

at least their own diameters, three well defined black vittse on

each elytron occupying' the second, fourth, and sixth intervals.

Female: Head pale, interocular impression and around an-

tennal insertion slightly darker, sparsely, finely punctured and

pubescent, antennse reaching to first abdominal segment, outer

segments darker; thorax two-thirds as long as wide, sides gradu-

ally narrowing toward apex, then more arcuate to apical angles;

hind angles directed backward; surface shining nearly impunctate,

pale with the discal and lateral basal spots fuscous; elytra straw-

yellow with three well defined vittse occupying the second, fourth,

and sixth elytral intervals, scutellar stria short composed of nine

to twelve punctures and extending to basal third, first stria reach-

ing apical third Where it nearly joins the second; second extend-

ing to apex where it meets the submarginal, third and fourth

joined at apex as are the fifth and sixth, the sixth slightly con-

fused behind humeral umbone; submarginal joining the marginal

stria at the humeral angle, all striae regular with exception of

114

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XIII, NO. 3

sixth, intervals very feebly convex and feebly wrinkled; body

beneath and legs pale with occasional sclerites darker, last

ventral segment with a deep longitudinal fovea. Length 6.25 mm.,

width 3.3 mm. Male: Similar to female but smaller and with

the anterior cusp of the prosternum much more pronounced.

Length 5 mm., width 2.5 mm.

Type locality: Carson Valley, Nevada.

Host: Chrysothamnus?

Holotype female (No. 4534), allotype male (No. 4535), in

collection of the California Academy of Sciences; two paratypes

in author’s collection, all collected by Dr. E. C. Van Dyke.

This form is similar to C. cerinus but differs by having very

well developed black vittae. The prosterna of the two forms

are identical. Since this form has been confused with C. con-

jluens Say it is desirable to give it a subspecific standing for

its geographical range is apparently distinct from that of cerinus.

CULTURE METHODS FOR INVERTEBRATE ANIMALS^

In this 8 VO work of 590 pages a Committee of the American

Association for the Advancement of Science has given us a

most useful compendium of articles on the rearing of inverte-

brate animals for laboratory use and under laboratory condi-

tions. The portion assigned to the rearing of insects fills 259

pages and is divided into 161 short articles, each written by,

or abstracted from the writings of, someone who has done

authoritative work in this field of entomology. It is distinctively

a laboratory manual and will be of great yalue to anyone having

occasion to raise insects for laboratory use or experimentation.

Under each species treated we find a detailed account of the

writer’s method of raising the insect in quantity under labora-

tory conditions.

This compendium will be found of equal value to any one

interested in life history work on our insects as it will give

him the results of carefully worked-out methods on the same or

related species. No one interested in the breeding of our insects

can afford to miss the results of others’ work as given in this

book. — E. P. Van Duzee.

^ Culture Methods on Invertebrate Animals. By a Committee from Sec.F

of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Comstock Pub-

lishing Co., Inc. Ithaca, N. Y., 1937. Price $4.00,

JULY, 1937]

CAZIER— NEW COLEOPTERA

115

FOUR NEW CALIFORNIA COLEOPTERA

(Buprestidge, Scarabaeidse, and Cicindelidee

BY MONT A. CAZIER

University of California

Extensive work in the groups enumerated above has disclosed

a number of new additions to the Coleoptera fauna of California.

These are here presented as forerunners of more monographic

works in each group.

Acmaeodera rossi Cazier, new species

Small, robust, flattened; cupreous black, disk of elytra with

a wide yellow band extending from base, narrowing to apical

sixth, a yellow arm extending around umbone to base, and a small

spot isolated at apical third; margin black with cupreous lustre,

often with faint yellow spots along discal edge; squamose on

both dorsal and ventral surfaces; general shape as in A. insignis

Horn. Head with front cribrate, densely clothed with elongate

squama 0 ; antennse with fourth segment abruptly wider than third,

fifth slightly wider than fourth; clypeus emarginate. Pronotum

unicolorous, cribrate, sides and base of disk densely squamose,

anterior portion covered with elongate squamiform hairs; sides

visible only at base, not wider than elytra, base with deep pit on

either side. Elytral margin sinuate, each elytron individually

rounded and serrate to middle or union of elytra, apices gradually

narrowed, humeral umbone feebly prominent; surface striate,

strise with moderately coarse punctures, intervals slightly convex,

each with a single row of setigerous punctures. Prosternum trun-

cate in front. Beneath densely squamose, last ventral segment

with single apical border. Length 4.5 mm.; width 2i mm.

Holotype in author’s collection. Type locality Holtville, Cal.

It is a unique female collected June 27, 1936, by E. S. Ross,

after whom the species is gratefully named.

This species is closely allied to A. insignis Horn from which

it differs by having the dorsal surface squamose, of a cupreous

black color, and by having elytral margins serrate to middle of

inner elytral margin. It can readily be distinguished by the

densely squamose front and pronotum. Unfortunately no host

record is available on this species. As far as I know, A. insignis

is known only by the type and two or three additional speci-

mens, all of which came from Lower California.

116

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[vOL. XIII, NO. 3

Phobetus saylori Cazier, new species

Small, narrow; head and pronotum black, elytral margins black,

disk piceous, beneath black covered with long white pile. Head

confluently punctured; terminal segment of palpi not greatly en-

larged or grooved, dorsal portion flattened; antennse nine-seg-

mented, club as long as, or longer than, funicle. Pronotum

sparsely, evenly punctate, punctures at apex of disk larger; apical

and basal margins sparsely clothed with long white pile. Elytra

widest at middle, base sparsely clothed with long white pile,

sutural striae evident, disk glabrous. Sternum black, thorax

densely clothed and abdomen sparsely with long white pile, an-

terior tarsi longer than posterior, middle tarsi one-third shorter

than posterior, ^deagus of the comatus type. Length 11.5 mm.;

width 7 mm.

Holotype male in author’s collection. Type locality, Little

Rock, Los Angeles Co., California, April, 1930. I take great

pleasure in naming this distinct species in honor of L. W. Saylor

who presented the unique type specimen to me and loaned other

material to aid in this study.

This/ species is remarkably distinct from anything yet de-

scribed in this genus. The more important features are its small

size, black color with elytral disks piceous, long white pile and

differential length of the tarsi. All other species in the genus

have the tarsi equal or with anterior pair slightly longer. 1 have

not hesitated in describing this species from a unique because

I am aware that there are other specimens in other collections.

P. palpulis Saylor, the only other black species known, is com-

pletely black, larger, with terminal segments of palpi greatly

enlarged and grooved, the pronotum is smooth and without pile.

Cicindela calif ornica mojavi Cazier, new subspecies

Size, shape and sculpturing as in C. prsetextata Lee.; markings

consisting of a slight indentation indicating the inner tip of middle

band, all lunules broadly united, pigmented area confined to discal

area along suture, ending abruptly at apical fourth; color dull

cupreous-green. Head and pronotum granulate-striate, pigmented

area of elytra densely punctate; beneath densely clothed with de-

cumbent hair. Length 11-14 mm.

Holotype male, allotype female and eight paratypes in au-

thor’s collection, two paratypes in the collection of the Cali-

fornia Academy of Sciences and seven paratypes in the collec-

tion of A. T. McClay. Type localities, Saltdale and Mojave,

JULY, 1937]

CAZIER— NEW COLEOPTERA

117

Cal., June 19, 1932. Collected by A. T. McClay and K. D. Sloop

who very kindly turned the specimens over to me for study.

This subspecies is distinguished from the middle western C.

circumpicta Laf. by its granulate-striate head and pronotum and

the elytral markings. C. circumpicta is striate on head with

pronotum almost smooth, and markings joined on margin but

the lunules are distinct. From prcetextata it differs in the type

of markings, color and distribution.

In prcetextata the markings are again well defined and the

color is dull cupreous-brown. The distribution is confined to

Arizona, New Mexico, Mexico, Utah and California. As far as

I know, the only localities from California are along the Colo-

rado River, and in Utah it occurs at St. George. Both of these

localities are different ecologically and are separated by a num-

ber of miles from the type locality of mojavi.

The series of mojavi before me presents a variety of colors

being cupreous-brown, cupreous-green, green, and blue. This is

identical with the variations existing in C. circumpicta, which

in one specimen also has the reduced markings as in mojavi.

In my opinion this variation is a good subspecies because of its

localized distribution, its reduced markings and variable color,

as distinct from the closely related prcetextata and calif ornica.

In color it parallels the variations existing in circumpicta but

is structually distinct from that species. It occurs about the

salt lakes in the Mojave desert, along with C. nevadica.

C. calif ornica, which is the species over prcetextata, is the

most fully marked species in this complex and is dark green in

color. It has been recorded from Mexico, Texas, and California

and can readily be distinguished by having the pigmented area

connected to the margin anterior to the apical lunule.

Cicindela pusilla wagneri Cazier, new varietv

Size, shape and markings as in lunalonga from which it differs

by having the head and prothorax brilliant greenish-blue, elytra

dark blue. Head and prothorax as in lunalonga', elytra more

granulate than in that subspecies, these finely granulate areas

black. Beneath as in lunalonga. Length 10-11 mm.

Holotype female in the author’s collection, allotype male

and one paratype in the collection of Roy Wagner. Type lo-

cality, Friant, Fresno Co., Cal., May 21, 1920.

118

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[vOL. XIII, NO. 3

This variation occurs in pure stock at the type locality which

is quite different from the habitat of lunalonga. It was taken

along the banks of the San Joaquin River at Friant which is

located in the dry foothills of the Sierra. The habitat of luna-

longa is at higher elevations where it occurs along shady paths,

streams, and in the meadows.

I take great pleasure in naming this variety in honor of Roy

Wagner who presented the specimens to me for study. It repre-

sents a relatively stable color variation of lunalonga which is

a subspecies of C. pusilla Say.

I would like to acknowledge the assistance given by Dr. E. C.

Van Dyke and the generous loan of specimens from the follow-

ing: E. P. Van Duzee, John H. Robinson, Roy Wagner, K. D.

Sloop, A. T. McClay, L. W. Saylor and E. S. Ross.

A NEW EPINOTIA FROM CALIFORNIA

( Lepidoptera-Olethreutidse )

BY W. HARRY LANGE, JR.

University of California

Epinotia keiferana Lange, n. sp.

Expanse 17-18 mm. Palpi long, with first joint silvery white,

outwardly ferruginous, tipped with grayish scales; second and

third joints ferruginous with grayish scales. Head and thorax

ferruginous with scales tipped with grayish. Patagiee same color

as thorax with few grayish scales along inner edge. Antennee

with scape grayish; flagellum yellowish above with black tufts

projecting from joints and clothed with light colored hairs; un-

derneath yellowish. Forewing unicolorous; background ferrugin-

ous, heavily irrorated with grayish scales, especially beyond discal

cell; a distinct cupreous sheen; outer costal margin with cupreous

tint and with an indefinite longitudinal area following median

vein to outer margin of same color; cilia with dark ferruginous

scales, tipped with gray. Hind wings white with distinct fuscous

mottling; base of cilia fuscous, rest white with faint indication

of sub-terminal fuscous band. Underside of forewings fuscous,

irrorated along costal margin; outer margin, and inner margin

with gray; underbide hind wings white with fuscous mottling.

Abdomen grayish. Legs grayish with fuscous scaling; pro- and

mesothoracic legs outwardly with more fuscous scaling; tarsi with

indication of single grayish annulus on each segment. Male geni-

talia with harpes broad and costal margin directed inwardly with

JULY, 1937]

LANG— EPINOTIA

119

blunt apex; cucullus set with well developed spines. Uncus simple,

spoon-shaped from beneath with apex bifid.

Holotype, male, collected by Mr. H. H. Keifer at San Fran-

cisco, April 14, 1932, as larva, on Salix lasiolepis Bentham,

the adult emerging January 6, 1933. Allotype female with same

data, the adult emerging January 10, 1933. Two male paratypes

and one female paratype with the same data, the adults emerg-

ing January 5, 6, and 14, respectively.

This species runs in Heinrich’s Key^ to Group B, without

a costal fold, and in the unicolorous section close to arc-

tostaphylana (Kearf.) The costal fold although absent, is in-

dicated by an upturning of the costa for a considerable distance.

A variation in the intensity of the reddish-brown background

of this species is indicated, and in the irroration of grayish

scaling. The allotype shows a much deeper reddish-brown color

for the forewings, palpi, patagiae and thorax, the antennse lack

the long clothing of hairs of the holotype and the distinct yel-

lowish color is changed to a grayish tint. The male genitalia

is distinct, with a camera lucida drawing of the holotype being

figured. The forewing in one paratype indicates a darker trans-

verse line beyond the discal cell.

The species is named for the collector, Mr. H. H. Keifer.

Types deposited in the California Academy of Sciences, San

Francisco (No. 4536, C.A.S., Ent.). Paratypes to be returned

to H. H. Keifer.

Male genitalia of Epinotia keiferana Lange

1 Heinrich. 1923. U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 123, p. 196.

120

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[vOL. XIII, NO. 3

Supplemental Notes on a Cicadellid

BY E. P. VAN DUZEE

Ehromenellus oregonensis Baker

Recently Dr. E. C. Van Dyke has taken eight specimens of

this interesting cicadellid, one at Hood River, Oregon, in June,

the others at Longmire in the Rainier National Park, Washing-

ton, in July. As Baker’s description is insufi&ceint for certain

determination of this species I give here a supplemental descrip-

tion that should help. The subconical head, the two polished

black points at base of the vertex and the distinct genitalic char-

acters will readily distinguish this species.

A little shorter than uhleri with a more produced and con-

vex head and distinct genital characters, the males with abbre-

viated elytra as in the females. Length 5-6.5 mm.

Male: Head obtusely conical with the apex broadly rounded,

nearly one-half as long as broad across the eyes (15:35); vertex

feebly convex, depressed about the ocelli and against the eyes;

front distinctly longer than its basal width (25-18), a little more

convex than in uhleri. Pronotum proportionately longer, as 14

to 32, in uhleri as 15 to 38; before and behind the callosities more

strongly striate than in uhleri. Scutellum more strongly striate,

with two transverse fovae; base covered by the pronotum nearly

to the fovse as in brachypterous uhleri. Elytra nearly attaining

apex of abdomen; costa broadly rounded; veins strongly elevated;

basal areole shorter than in female uhleri. Last ventral segment

feebly emarginate; plates polished, shorter and flatter than in

uhleri, attaining apex of abdomen, with very few short hairs.

Color fulvo-testaceous varied with brown; base of vertex with

a pair of polished round black spots; front blackish with pale

lineations; sides of pronotum and region of callosities with black

marks and vermiculations ; basal angles of scutellum dusky, the

fov£e black; veins whitish varied with brown as are the areoles;

base of clavus with a blackish cloud. Abdomen black, apex and

a few points on ter gum pale. Legs pale, lineate with brown.

Female about as in male, a little larger, the elytra usually

showing a distinct oblique pale vitta near the base. Last ventral

segment truncate with a feeble emargination ; colors paler, espe-

cially on the abdomen, which is pale pointed with black.

JULY, 1937]

BAILEY— DACTULIOTHRIPS

121

THE GENUS DACTULIOTHRIPS MOULTON

BY STANLEY F. BAILEY

University of California

The family Dactuliothripidae was erected by Moulton for his

Dactuliothrips spinosus in 1931 in this journal (VoL 7: 173-174).

Two new species in this genus have recently come to hand from

southern California extending the distribution of this group of

thrips some 450 miles south and still limiting the genus to

California.

In addition to the generic characters well set out by Moulton,

another, common to all three species, is to be noted, namely: the

presence of spurs on the inner anterior margin of the fore femora.

This genus is most closely related to Ankothrips Crawford

and Melanthrips Haliday since the maxillary palpi are three-

segmented (fig. 6) and the labial palpi are two-segmented (fig.

5) in the three genera. The three genera may be separated by

the following key:

Second antennal segment produced apically in the form of a

tooth. Vertex produced anteriorly. Sensory areas at tip of

antennal segments 3 and 4 in the form of a band or ring

extending partly or almost entirely around the segments and

at right angles to the longitudinal axis 'of the segments

Ankothrips Crawford, 1909

Second antennal segment normal; not produced.

Fore tibiffi with a strong tooth at the tip. Fore tarsi without

claws. Sensory, areas on antennal segments 3 and 4 take the

form of an oblique line or ring near the tip of the segments

partly or almost entirely circling them. Annulations on

antennal segments very weak .Melanthrips Haliday, 1836

Fore tibiee without teeth. Fore tarsi with a well-developed

claw. Sensory areas on antennal segments 3 and 4 are rep-

resented by two circular to oval areas on each segment. Annu-

lations on antennal segments strongly developed....

Dactuliothrips Moulton, 1931

A key to the species of Dactuliothrips based on those char-

acters observed to be constant in a long series follows.

Key to the Species of Dactuliothrips Moulton

Spurs on inner margin of fore femora weak, one to four in num-

ber, usually one or two (fig. 11). Head clearly wider than

long.

122

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XIII, NO. 3

1. Claw on fore tarsus (fig. 14) simple or with a very weak

tooth near base. Spines on body fewer in number and less

dense than in other 'two species. Third and basal three-fourths

of 4th antennal segment yellow, remainder of segments brown

D. xerophilus Bailey

Spurs on inner margin of fore femora strongly developed, 2 to

9 in number. Head about as wide as long.

1. Claw on fore tarsus simple and knobbed (fig. 10). Spines

on body very dense and strongly developed. Antennae uni-

formly blackish-brown. Outer post-ocular bristles 91-97

microns; spurs on fore femora 4-9 D. hoharti Bailey

2. Claw on fore tarsus notched or with small tooth below tip

(fig. 13). Antennae dark brown with 3rd segment yellow.

Outer post-ocular bristles 65-78 microns. Spurs on fore

femora 2-5 D. spinosus Moulton

Dactuliothrips spinosus Moulton, 1931. (Genotype)

Distribution: Willow Ranch, Siskiyou County, California.

Cajon Pass, San Bernardino County, California. Valyermo, Los

Angeles County, California.

Hosts: Prunus dermissa (choke-cherry). May 19, 1929, G. R.

Struble; Ceanothus sp., April 12, 1936, R. M. Bohart.

Since no illustrations accompanied the original description

of the genus a few of the more important characters of spinosus

are presented with illustrations of aid in differentiating the

species. All the Dactuliothrips specimens studied were mounted

in modified Gater’s medium which causes a slight swelling of

the specimen but enables one to study the chaetotaxy much better.

Measurements of structures do not include inter-segmental mem-

branes. Mr. Moulton has kindly compared boharti with the

type of spinosus.

Dactuliothrips boharti Bailey, n. sp.

Female: Color uniformly dark brown. Fore tibiee and tarsi

lighter. Abdomen light grayish brown in newly emerged indi-

viduals. Wings uniformly grayish brown, nearly clear in basal

fourth. Hind wing clear. All spines dark and very pronounced.

Thorax often with slight red pigment. Antennae uniformly dark

brown to black.

Measurements of type : Total body length, 1.8 mm. ; head, length,

.20 mm., width, .20 mm.; prothorax, length, .14 mm., width, .31

mm.; mesothorax, width, .39 mm.; abdomen, greatest width, .45

mm. Length of antennal segments in mm.; I, .033; II, .049; III,

.079; IV, .075; V, .075; VI, .077; VII, .067; VIII, .057; IX, .072,

JULY, 1937]

BAILEY— DACTULIOTHRIPS

123

total length, .572. Length of spines: interocellar, .084 mm.;

postocular (outer), .097 mm.; (median), .058 mm.; posterior-

lateral margin of prothorax, .13 mm.

Head (fig. 1) about as long as wide, cheeks slightly arched,

eyes slightly protruding, sockets of antennse projecting forward

beyond eyes. Three ocelli. Head reticulate on dorsum, reticu-

lations transverse and becoming stronger on posterior margin.

Mouth cone short. Antennse (fig. 9) slender, tapering to tip,

rings or annulations present on all segments except I, faint on

II. Two circular to oval sensory areas on each of segments III

and IV, one smaller area on II. Rings not always constant in

number or uniform.

Prothorax (fig. 4) about twice as wide as long. Spines very

strongly developed. Legs liberally covered with hairs and spines.

Fore femora thickened and armed with from four to nine heavy

spurs on inner anterior margin. Hind tibise only with several

well-developed spines at tip. Wings covered with very minute

hairs. Fore-wing (fig. 2) broadly rounded at tip, slightly nar-

rower at base. Usually four cross veins, two between ring vein

and anterior longitudinal vein, one in center between the two

longitudinal veins, and one between posterior longitudinal vein

and posterior margin. Occasional specimens are seen with addi-

tional cross veins, partly or wholly developed. The number of

regularly spaced bristles on the longitudinal veins vary; 13-17

on fore vein, 12-16 on hind vein. Hind wing clear, ring vein

thickened near base with several slightly curved hairs and one

hooked hair on anterior margin.

Abdomen (fig. 15) broadly ovate, tapering rather abruptly at

tip. Faint transverse reticulations on dorsum of segments.

Male: Smaller than female. Tip of abdomen (fig. 3) spatulate.

Total body length of male cotype, 1.5 mm.

Described from a long series of specimens collected by

Richard M. Bohart, an authority on Strepsiptera, after whom it

is named. Collections were made April 10 and 12, 1936, at

Tehachapi Pass, California, and Valyermo, California, on Ceano-

thus sp. and an undetermined host. Additional specimens were col-

lected by him at Palm Springs, California, on March 25, 1937, on

a legume. Type locality, Tehachapi Pass, California. Female

type (slide TIO) and male cotype (slide Til) in author’s

collection.

Dactuliothrips xerophilus Bailey, n. sp.

Female : Head, thorax, middle and hind legs dark brown. Fore

legs yellowish brown. Antennee with segments I and II light

brown. III light yellow, IV yellow, light brown at tip, remainder

124

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XIII, NO. 3

of segments uniformly brown. Wings grayish brown, often en-

tirely clear in basal 1/3.

Measurements of type: Total body length, 2.39 mm.; head,

length, .20 mm.; width, .24 mm.; prothorax, length, .16 mm.;

width, .34 mm.; mesothorax, width, .84 mm.; abdomen, greatest

width, .66 mm. Length of antennal segments in mm.: I, .036;

II, .059; III, .075; IV, .085; V, .089; VI, .082; VII, .069; VIII, .047;

IX, .052; total length .585. Length of spines: interocellar, .084 mm.;

postocular (outer) .099; (median), .046; posterior-lateral margin

of prothorax, .11 mm.

Head definitely wider than long, cheeks not arched as in

boharti and spinosus, widest posteriorly. Three ocelli present.

JULY, 1937]

Reticulations on dorsum of head chiefly transverse and very dis-

tinct. All spines weaker than in other two species. Mouth cone

short. Antennse similar to hoharti except coloration; sensory

areas on segments III and IV somewhat smaller than hoharti.

Prothorax (fig. 7) about twice as wide as long, spines more

widely spaced and less dense than in other species (figs. 4 and 8).

Reticulations distinct. Legs more slender with hairs and spurs

weaker. Spurs (fig. 11) on inner anterior margin of fore femora

weak and from 1 to 4 in number, usually one or two. Hind tibiee

only with well developed spines at tip. Wings covered with very

minute hairs. Fore- wing similar to hoharti, 15-20 regularly spaced

bristles on the anterior longitudinal vein and 12-18 on the posterior

vein. Hind wing clear.

Abdomen ovate, tapering rather sharply to the tip. Reticula-

tions transverse and distinct.

Male: Smaller than female. Tip of abdomen similar to hoharti.

Total body length of male cotype 1.64 mm.

126

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XIII, NO. 3

Described from a large series collected by R. M. Bohart in

Joshua tree flowers on March 23, 1937, at Mojave and, Little Rock,

California. Type locality, Mojave, California. Female type

(slide T12) and male cotype (slide T13) in author’s collection.

Additional specimens were taken by A. E. Michelbacher at Vic-

torville, CMifornia, on April 13, 1937, from Joshua tree flowers.

List of Illustrations

1. Dorsum of head of Dactuliothrips boharti Bailey; 2. Right

fore wing of D. boharti Bailey; 3. Dorsum of tip of male abdomen

of D. boharti Bailey; 4. Dorsum of prothorax of D. boharti Bailey;

5. Labial palpus of D. spinosus Moulton; 6. Maxillary palpus of

D. spinosus Moulton; 7. Dorsum of prothorax of D. xerophilus

Bailey; 8. Dorsum of prothorax of D. spinosus Moulton; 9. An-

tenna of D. boharti Bailey; 10. Left fore leg (excluding coxa and

trochanter) of D. boharti Bailey; 11. Fore femora of D. xerophilus

Bailey; 12. Fore femora of D. spinosus Moulton; 13. Fore tarsal

claw of D. spinosus Moulton; 14. Fore tarsal claw of D. xerophilus

Bailey; 15. Dorsum of tip of female abdomen of D. boharti Bailey.

JULY, 1937]

SMITH— FLABELLOMICROSIPHUM

127

THE APHID GENUS FLABELLOMICROSIPHUM IN UTAff

BY CLYDE F. SMITH ^

Genus FLABELLOMICROSIPHUM G. & P.

Gillette and Palmer; Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 25: 472, 1932.

The genus Flabellomicrosiphum may be characterized as fol-

lows: Vertex slightly convex; frontal tubercles but slightly de-

veloped, not noticeably exceeding vertex; secondary sensoria

circular; cornicles merely raised pores; cauda elongate, conical

or cylindrical; anal plate rounded; hairs broadly flabellate;

rostrum with terminal joint indistinct; ocular tubercles indis-

tinct; lateral tubercles not evident; wing venation as in the genus

Aphis.

Key

Unguis more than 2x base; femur dark ....knowltoni n. sp.

Unguis less than 2x base; femur light tridentatss

Flabellomicrosiphum tridentat.® (Wilson) [genotype]

Wilson, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., 41: 89, 1915 (Chaitophorus)

Apterous vivipara. Pale green, appearing frosted due to the

numerous fan-shaped hairs, 0.045 to 0.056 mm. long on the vertex

and 0.034 to 0.045 on the sides of the abdomen; body 0.94 to

1.43 mm. long to base of cauda; antennee pale, 0.47 to 0.69; an-

tennal III, 0.086 to 0.145; IV, 0.06 to 0.094; V, 0.078 to 0.125;

VI, 0.06 to 0.094 plus 0.08 to 0.157; rostrum surpassing second

coxee; rostral IV plus V, 0.08 to 0.114 mm. long and needle like;

hind tibiee 0.33 to 0.5; hind tarisi 0.08 to 0.11; cornicles slightly

truncate to hardly more than raised pores without flanges; cauda

0. 12 to 0.17 mm. long.

Collections: On Artemisia, the usual species being tridentata.

Utah: Beaver, August 8, 1936 (G. F. Knowlton, Smith) ; Beaver

Dam, June 3, 1927 (Knowlton) ; Blue Bench, August 17, 1935

(Knowlton); Blue Creek, May 25, 1927 (Knowlton), and August

1, 1936 (Knowlton, Smith) ; Cloven, April 30, 1936 (Knowlton) ;

Collinston, June 3, 1937 (Knowlton) ; Cornish, August 9, 1927

(Knowlton) ; Hansel’s Mountains, May 19, 1927 (Knowlton) ;

Honeyville, July 19, 1927 (Knowlton) ; Howell, May 25, 1927

(Knowlton); Howell, August 1, 1936 (Knowlton, Smith); Kanab,

August 10, 1936 (Knowlton, Smith) ; Lampo, August 1, 1936

1 Contribution from the Entomology Department, Utah Agricultural Experi-

ment Station.

2 Research Assistant. Publication authorized by the Director.

128

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XIII, NO. 3

(Knowlton, Smith) ; Manti, May 7, 1927 (Knowlton) ; Nephi,

August 7, 1936 (Knowlton, Smith) ; Parowan, August 8, 1936

(Knowlton, Smith) ; Promontory, August 1, 1936 (Knowlton,

Smith) ; Rattle Snake Pass, May 25, 1927 (Knowlton) ; Tropic,

August 10 1936 (Knowlton, Smith) ; Thatcher, August 1, 1936

(Knowlton, Smith) ; Zion National Park, August 9, 1936 (Knowl-

ton, Smith). Also collected at Yankey Jim Canyon, Idaho, June

12, 1936 (Crystle K. Smith), and at Palisades, Colorado, August

24, 1935 (Knowlton).

Flabellomicrosiphum knowltoni Smith, n. sp.

Apterous vivipnra. Color dull, slaty to pinkish, overlaid with

pale hairs which give it a frosted appearance; body 0.96 to 1.5

mm. long to base of cauda and bearing numerous spatulate hairs;

hairs on vertex 0.04 to 0.056 mm. long; hairs on abdomen 0.026

to 0.045; antennee slightly dusky, 0.66 to 1.12; antennal III, 0.13

to 0.25; IV, 0.08 to 0.16; V, 0.11 to 0.19; VI, 0.07 to 0.11 plus 0.25

to 0.28; rostrum attaining third coxee; rostral IV plus V, 0.11;

femora dark; hind tibise dusky, 0.4 to 0.68 mm. long and bearing

blunt to pointed hairs 0.034 mm. long; hind tarsi 0.08 to 0.11;

cornicles dusky, merely raised pores, 0.02 mm.; cauda dark, 0.11

to 0.17 mm. long for hard portion, 0.16 to 0.21 total length and

bearing two to three pairs of lateral hairs and three to four dorsal

or dorso-lateral hairs.

Alate vivipara. Color slightly darker than aptera; body 1.4

mm. long to base of cauda; antennee dusky, 1.19; antennal III,

0.3 mm. long and bearing 4 sensoria; IV, 0.2; V, 0.2; VI, 0.094 plus

0.28; rostrum surpassing second coxee; rostral IV plus V, 0.11;

femora dark; hind tibiee dusky, 0.77; hind tarsi 0.11; cornicles

merely raised pores; cauda 0.125 for hard portion, 0.19 total

length.

This species differs from Flabellomicrosiphum tridentatce

(Wilson) in being slaty colored and having dusky to black coxae,

trochanters and femora; unguis being more than 2x base; rostrum

attaining third coxae; rostral IV plus V longer than base of

antennal VI; and antennae more than one-half the length of the

body.

In Utah on Artemisia tridentata at source of Logan City drink-

ing water system, Logan Canyon (type locality), July 4, 1936

(alate and aptera) (Smith), July 30 and August 23, 1936 (Smith,

M. W. Allen, F. C. Harmston) ; Brigham, August 12, 1936 (G. F.

Knowlton, Smith) ; Cedar Valley, May 10, 1936 (Knowlton,

Smith) ; 5 miles north of Kanab, August 10, 1936 (Knowlton,

Smith); mouth of Mueller’s Park, July 2, 1935 (Knowlton), and

JULY, 1937]

SMITH— FLABELLOMICROSIPHUM

129

August 12, 1936 (Knowlton, Smith) ; Salt Lake City, April 25,

1936 (Smith); Spring City, August 11, 1936 (Knowlton, Smith).

Type in the U. S. National Museum. Paratypes in the G. F.

Knowlton collection, and in the collection of the writer.

Fig. 1 . — Flabellomicrosiphum knowltoni n. sp. Alata, A, F;

Aptera, B-D, G, I; B, body hairs; I, cornicle. F. tridentatse (Wil-

son). Aptera, E, H, J-L; K, body hairs; L, hairs on vertex.

A NOTE ON GYRINID BEETLES FROM

ESCUINTLA, GUATEMALA

BY F. X. WILLIAMS

The Gyrinidae or Whiligig beetles are spectacular performers

upon the surface of the water, and a company of these highly

polished insects circling swiftly and in close formation upon a

quiet pool, is something to look at and admire. In the well-

shaded little Guachimtempeque stream a large gyrinid of the

genus Dineutes was quite plentiful. Measuring up to nearly %

of an inch long, broadly oval, convex, with the outer sides of the

prothorax and of the wing covers flared so as to form a sort of

gunwale, gleaming like burnished metal, each individual of the

flotilla moves as if propelled by a powerful motor as with rapid

strokes of short, paddle-like legs that are quite invisible from

above, it glides in swift and graceful curves among its fellows.

Or, undisturbed, the beetles ride carefree upon placid waters,

or else there is lazy motion among them but, if alarmed there is

tremendous and powerful activity; lightning-like gyrations, or

the company breaks up, some dashing off to another part of the

pool while others dive and swim swiftly under water.

In captivity we may study their curbed activities at closer

range. There are lazy or swift movements, or a lull of a few

moments. We note a curved fringe of white hair bordering the

front of the head at the water line and that together with the very

^hort antennae may serve to inform the insect when it collides

with something good to eat Its vision is excellent, the compound

130

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XIII, NO. 3

eyes being so divided as to enable it to see both above and be-

neath the water. A wounded insect dropped among the beetles

may be quickly seized and devoured, a termite thus speedily dis-

appearing, and a damselfly larva being partly consumed. When

seizing prey or cleaning the fore part of the body, the relatively

long forelegs, seeming perhaps to consist chiefly of elbows, are

brought into play and now become visible from above. When

not in use these legs are neatly folded back into a groove in the

side of the thorax beneath and thus create little or no interrup-

tion in the streamline so necessary for smooth high speed.

The beetle flies well, but it crawls off the water in order to

take wing.

The capacity for speed in the adult beetle is to some extent

transmitted to its youngi that leads an underwater life and swims

with considerable swiftness by (vertical) undulations of its gill-

fringed body. The larva of Dineutes and that of Gyrinus, its

smaller and often more abundant relative, are much alike. In

addition to being larger however, Dineutes differs from Gyrinus

in having the first two of the ten pairs of abdominal filaments

or gills, naked, whereas in Gyrinus all of the ten pairs of fila-

ments are hair-fringed or plumose. By scooping up a lot of fine

debris in a foot-depth of quiet water of a large pool on which

Dineutes was present, I netted three rather delicately made though

active centipede-like larvae of a gyrinid beetle — probably Gyrinus,

as all ten pairs of filaments were plumose.

These lithe, slender insects had the head and thorax more or

less contrastingly pallid or whitish, with the fronto-clypeal por-

tion of the head, the eye area and the anterior portion of the

strong prothoracic shield dark. The head is set on a rather

narrow neck. The rest of the body is weakly chitinized, and it

is closely speckled with gray, with a more or less broken dorsal

and subdorsal stripe. At the caudal end of the body are four

chitinous hooks. The chitinized fore part and the terminal hooks

suggest a concealed existence, and indeed the larvae spent a great

part of their time more or less buried among the loose debris

at the bottom of its prison. When disturbed they swam across

the dish with really tremendous fish-like speed. Often one would

be seen at the bottom of its prison undulating its body banner-

like as though the air supply was poor. One of these larvae

moulted once and attained a length of about 15 mm., but none

completed its transformations.

JULY, 1937]

SCOTT— COLLEMBOLA

131

COLLEMBOLA FOUND UNDER THE BARK OF DEAD TREES

IN CALIFORNIA, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF

TWO NEW SPECIES

BY DAVID B. SCOTT, JR.

Stanford University

Family Sminthurid.®

Sminthurus niger Lubbock, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., 1867. Under

bark of dead Redwood {Sequoia sempervirens) in Big Basin,

Santa Cruz Mts. ; Jeffrey pine {Pinus jeffreyi) at Idyllwild,

San Jacinto Mts.

Family Entomobryid^

Isotoma viridis Bourlet, Memoir. Soc. Sci. Agric., Lille, Pt. 1,

p. 401, 1839.

Under bark of dead Jeffrey pine {Pinus jeffreyi) in the San

Jacinto Mts.

Isotoma aspera Bacon, “Collembola of the Claremont-Laguna

Region,” Pomona College Jl. of Ent. & ZooL, Vol. VI, p.

49, 1914.

Under bark of dead Quercus agrifolia near the Calaveras

Reservoir, Diablo Range.

Drepanura calif ornica Schott, “Beitrage Zur Kentniss Kalifor-

nischer Collembola.” Bihang. Kongl. Svenska Acad. Handl.,

Band 17, Afd. IV, No. 8, pp. 1-24, Stockholm, 1891.

Under bark of dead alder {Alnus rhombifolia) in San An-

tonio Canyon, San Bernardino Mts. ; Arroyo Seco, San

Gabriel Mts.; Madrone Hot Springs, Diablo Range.

Entomohrya clitellaria Guthrie “Collembola of Minnesota,”

Rept. Geol. Nat. Hist. Survey of Minn., Zool. Ser. No. 4,

p. 75, 1903.

Under bark of many kinds of dead trees throughout Cali-

fornia.

Entomohrya multi fasciata (Tullberg) “Fort. ofv. Sveriges

Podurider.” Ofv. K. Vet. Akad. Forh., 28; p. 148, 1871.

Under bark of dead oaks and various conifers throughout

California.

132

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XIII, NO. 3

Entomohrya sexoculata Schott var. ? Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci.,

2nd Ser., Vol. 6, p. 180, 1896.

A steel blue variety taken under the bark of dead alder in

the Arroyo Seco, San Gabriel Mts.

Entomohrya suzannae Scott, n. sp.

Figs. 9-10

Color: Amber yellow with mottlings of dark blue. Head with

lateral blue markings extending posteriorly from the eyes and a

spot at the base of each antenna. The dorsal apices of the thoracic

and first abdominal segments with blue markings, sometimes fairly

even but very irregular in other instances. Fourth abdominal

segment with transverse lateral bands of blue radiating from an

irregular dorsal spot. Segment V with two lateral spots; seg-

ment VI unpigmented. Legs with very regular pigmentation:

coxae with a compact blue spot; trochanters usually unpigmented:

the fore femora slightly tinged with blue, middle and hind femora

densely pigmented apically; tibio-tarsi with a well-defined wide

median band of blue. Basal joint of antennae usually slightly

pigmented; second joint with diffused coloring, the third and fourth

entirely blue. Furcula entirely yellow as is the ventral tube.

Pronotum thickly clothed with long clavate hairs. Manubrium

nearly equal to dentes in length. Crenulations on the dens end

at a distance from the apex equal to three times the length of

the mucro. Mucone with two teeth and a basal spine reaching

to the tip of the anteapical tooth. Claws: Ungius slender with

a slight incurve to the tip and a pair of lateral basal teeth; inner

margin armed with a median pair of teeth and a large apical

tooth. Unguilicus slender, unarmed, two-thirds as long as unguis.

Tenent hair shorter than unguis. Ocelli 16. Length 2.5 mm.

Type locality, Alpine Creek, Santa Cruz, Mts.

Paratypes, Stevens Creek, Santa Cruz Mts.; Calaveras Reser-

voir, Diablo Range.

Taken under thei bark of dead alder in very damp and cool

situations. Not common. November-February. This species

is close to an eastern form, E. ligata Folsom, but it is larger than

ligata and has definite structural differences.

Entomohrya hinoculata Schott Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 2nd Ser.,

Vol. VI, p. 178, 1896.

Taken under the bark of dead Monterey Cypress {Cupressus

macrocarpa) on the Stanford University campus and under

the bark of dead Digger pine {Pinus sahiniana) near Ma-

drone Hot Springs, Diablo Range.

JULY, 1937]

SCOTT— COLLEMBOLA

133

Tomocerus vulgaris Tullberg “Forteckning Ofver Svenska Po-

durider,” Ofv. K. Vet. Akad. Forh., 28: pp. 143-155, 1871.

Taken under bark of dead alder {Alnus rhombifolia) and

Douglas fir {Pseudotsuga douglasii) on Alpine Creek and

Steven’s Creek, Santa Cruz Mts.

Tomocerus flavescens Tullberg var. arcticus Schott “Zur Sys-

tematik Palearctischer Collembola.” K. Svenska Vet.-Akad.

Handl, Vol. 25, No. 11, 1894.

Taken under bark of dead alder near Madrone Hot Springs,

Diablo Range.

Lepidocyrtus decemoculatus Guthrie “Collembola of Minnesota.”

Kept. Geol. Nat. Hist. Survey of Minn., Zool. Ser. No. 4,

p. 85, 1903.

First record of this species in Californnia. Taken under

bark of dead Monterey cypress {Cupressus macrocarpa) in

Altadena, Cal.

Family Poduridje

Xenylla Helena Scott, n. sp.

Figs. 1-5

Color: Ground color light blue with mottlings of dark olive

brown. Integument granular. Antennse four jointed, contiguous

at base, each succeeding joint narrower than the last. Mouth-

parts in the form of a cone beneath the head. Two anal horns

present on last abdominal segment. Furcula small and abortive,

attached to antepenultimate segment; dentes slightly longer than

manubrium. Mucrones two-thirds as long as dentes. Dentes

with five dorsal spines. Mucrones with two long curved ante-

apical teeth and a short and blunt apical tooth. Feet with a

single, stout, unarmed, blunt claw. Ocelli 10. Length 1.12 mm.

Type locality: Arroyo Seco, San Gabriel Mts. Taken under

the bark of dead alder in very damp and moldy surroundings.

January.

Family Aphoruridje

Onychiurus fimetarius (Lubbock) (Lipura) Monograph of Col-

lembola and Thysanura, p. 191, London, 1873.

Taken in very moldy and slimy conditions under bark of

dead California live oak {Quercus agrifolia). Also taken

134

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[vOL. XIII, NO. 3

JULY, 1937]

SCOTT— COLLEMBOLA

135

on the inside of a decaying acorn which was found eight

inches under ground. Altadena, Cal.

Explanation of Plate

Note: All magnifications given below apply to the plate after

it has been reduced one-half from the original.

Xenylla helena Scott, n. sp. Fig. 1. Head X 60; Fig. 2.

Claw of left hind foot X 300; Fig. 3. Right mucro X 400; Fig. 4.

Caudal horns X 150; Fig. 5. Manubrium and dentes showing

arrangement of spines X 100.

Drepanura calif ornica Schott. Fig. 6. Right mucro X

300; Fig. 7. Claw of left mid-foot X 300; Fig. 8. Left eye-spot

X 100.

Entomohrya suzanne Scott n. sp. Fig. 9. Claw of right foot

X 400. Fig. 10. Left mucro X 400.

NOTES ON CROSS MATING INVOLVING

TROPAEA LUNA L. AND THE GENUS SAMIA

( Lepidoptera : Saturniidse )

BY J. BRUCE DUNCAN

University of Utah

Observations in 1935 and again in the spring of 1936 revealed

that when females of Tropaea luna were confined in a cage

containing males and females of Sarnia gloveri, males of the

latter seemed to show a preference for copulating with the luna

females while the females of gloveri remained unmated. On

the other hand there seemed to be no tendency on the part of

the luna males to mate with females of gloveri, although the two

were confined together during ten different attempts to induce

mating. Furthermore the females of luna were not interested

at all in the presence of the male gloveri and discouragd scores

of attempts made by the latter to mate with them.

Male gloveri invariably centered their attention by preference

upon luna females. The males began their mating activities

just before dawn each morning and would either have mated

or ceased all mating activities long before the sun made its

appearance. When several were in the cage they would beat

their wings rapidly while walking on the wire screen and would

circle around and around the female. Not until one had suc-

cessfully mated with her would they direct their attention to

the females of their own species in the breeding cage.

Copulations occurred in May, 1935, when two gloveri

136

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[vOL. XIII, NO. 3

females, one luna female, and one gloveri male were confined

to a small breeding cage, and again in early June when two

gloveri males, one cecropia male, two cecropia females, and

one lunoi female were kept together over night. In the first

case, the male gloveri mated with the luna female and the two

gloveri females remained unmated. In the second case one

gloveri male mated with the female luna while all other moths

in the cage remained unmated. In April and early May, 1936,

the experiments were repeated and three more copulations

between luna and gloveri were obtained. In all three of these

matings there were females of gloveri present which in one

instance remained unmated and in the other two instances re-

mained unmated until the luna were paired with males of

gloveri. Each one of these five cross-matings involving luna

were of the same type (that is, male gloveri X female luna)

and although several attempts were made to produce the recip-

rocal cross, all attempts failed. The males of luna were easily

persuaded to mate with females of their own species, but would

not mate with females of other genera.

On May 6, 1936, a female luna and a male Sarnia cecropia

copulated. Others in the breeding cage at the time were one

male luna and one female cecropia, which remained unattached.

At no other time could this mating be repeated although attempts

were made at least nine times to induce it.

Although six cross-matings occurred with luna. These

involved gloveri in five matings and cecropia in one. In many

other instances gloveri males attempted to mate with luna, but

were discouraged from doing so by the females. Of the six

successful cross-matings, four with gloveri and the one with

cecropia proved to be entirely unfertile. One mating, however,

involving gloveri and luna, yielded unexpected results. The

mating, which has already been mentioned as the second of

two occurring in 1935 between a female of luna and a male of

gloveri, produced three eggs which were able to hatch. The

three young larvae were of the typical luna size but closer obser-

vation revealed them to be somewhat darker in color than luna.

The larvae were tried on a number of food plants including

sandbar willow (the native food plant of gloveri), apple, elder-

berry, and poplar, but they showed no tendency to do more than

JULY, 1937]

HENRY— BIOLOGICAL NOTES

137

nibble once at any of these plants. Unfortunately the food plants

normally eaten by luna were not available for this experiment.

All three larvae died on the day following hatching and were

lost through unavoidable circumstances before a more careful

study could be made of them. It is impossible to say whether

the small larvae would have survived for any length of time even

if they had fed upon the available food.

It is dijHicult to attempt any explanation as to why the mem-

bers of two such widely separated species should mate so readily

when confined together. It cannot be explained merely by the

desire to mate, without disregarding the presence of female

gloveri in the same cage. To all appearances there was a definite

choice by the male gloveri for the luna females, although the rea-

son for such a choice is not apparent. Further experimenting

and research may serve to throw more light on this problem.

BIOLOGICAL NOTES ON TIMEMA CALIFORNICA SCUDDER

( Phasmoidea : Timemidse )

BY LAURA M. HENRY

Stanford University, California

The genus Timema has but two recorded species, neither of

which has been reported outside the state of California. Timema

californicum Scudder is confined to the northern and central

parts of the state. The following account of the general fea-

tures of the biology of this species is not entirely complete since

observations have not been carried through a full year, but it

is a summary of at least the principal facts concerning its life

history and habits.

The second species, Timema chumash Hebard, has been re-

ported in southern California. On the basis of present records

the two species do not overlap in their distribution.

Specimens of T. californicum have been recorded from the

San Francisco Bay region, and from as far north as Humboldt

County and south to Monterey and Fresno counties. All speci-

mens have been taken from the Chaparral area. The vertical

range of distribution is from 1,000 to 6,500 feet, which includes

the Chaparral belts. The species has been recorded by other

138

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XIII, NO. 3

authors (Essig, Ferris, Hebard) from Fir, Madrone, Deciduous

Oaks, Redwood, Manzanita, Pitcher Sage, Ceanothus, and Garry a

eiliptica. It apparently feeds on the tender new shoots.

On May 29th, 1935, a trip was made to Loma Prieta Moun-

tain where sixty-seven specimens were taken from Garrya eilip-

tica. These were brought into the laboratory and kept alive,

the tender hairs on the backs of the leaves and the new spring

growth of Garrya serving as food. The specimens, however,

died during the course of two weeks. In three cases tendencies

of cannibalism were found.

A second trip was made on June 8th to Loma Prieta. Thirty-

nine specimens were collected (4 immature, 18 adult males, and

17 adult females) ; eighteen of these were from Manzanita, the

rest from Garrya. Manzanita proved to be the most successful

food in the laboratory, the leaves and the spring hark being

used. The plant material in the cages was placed in vials of

water and corked with paper toweling. Any drops of excess

water which the insects could reach was consumed by them. It

appears from this that free water is necessary. The Chaparral

regions are for the most part very dry in the summer. The

source of water in the natural environment must be from dew

and fog which collects on the leaves.

Habits and Life History

Records of previous studies by other authors show the

earliest collecting of Timema as about May 18th, and that

mating takes place during June and July. A trip was made to

Loma Prieta on May 29th. At this time specimens were numer-

ous, over sixty being gathered in the course of two hours.

They were gathered by beating the Garrya eiliptica or Manzanita

and picking the fallen insects up from the ground. On August

1st no specimens were found in this same region.

All the females were green with a light yellow lateral line

completely around the body; thorax and abdomen with an irregu-

lar pattern of green with yellow markings; appendages varying

from yellow to rose brown; eyes yellow.

The males were the same green color, but the appendages

were rose to brown, deepest in color at the base. Along the

dorsal side of the thorax and abdomen dark green and black

markings were found. The eyes were blackish. The intensity

JULY, 1937]

HENRY— BIOLOGICAL NOTES

139

of the coloration may vary with each specimen. Five males

were found whose ventral side was yellow-green and the dorsal

side yellow-brown.

Specimens have been reported which were very pink on the

dorsal side and yellow-green on the ventral side.

The female insect is much larger than the male. The living

adult female varied in length from 21 to 25 mm. The adult

male measured 16 to 17 mm.

No information was obtained as to the number of molts that

occur in the life cycle. All specimens gathered were in the last

two instars. The latest date known for a specimen to molt into

the adult form was June 10th, when one male molted during

the night.

Mating. Some few days after the males and females reached

maturity they were found pairing. The male crawled upon the

back of a female. He placed the fore-legs on her meso-thorax

the middle legs on the meta-thorax and the hind legs about one-

third of the way down the abdomen. The female carried the

male about in this manner throughout the mating and egg lay-

ing season of six to eight weeks. The male retained this posi-

tion by hanging on with the tarsal claws. If a pair were forcibly

separated they soon joined each other again. The adult female

feeds a great deal, the male only occasionally leaves the female’s

back in search of food.

Copulation takes place during the early part of June. The

male slides down the back of the female. The tri-lobed clasper

is placed under the genitalic plate and the bi-lobed clasper at

the base of the plate on the ventral side. The abdomen of the

female is bent to the right and slightly upward. This position

is held for several hours. Copulation takes place several times

during the egg laying period and at irregular intervals. During

copulation the female moves about over the plants.

Egg Laying. The first eggs usually appeared about seven

days after the first copulation. In one case eggs were produced

five days after the first copulation. The eggs are extruded be-

tween the valvulas and held in the cup-like cerci. A fluid is

secreted about the egg from the genitalic organs, while it is

carefully turned and patted by the cerci. The egg is held by its

collar with the tip of the valvulae. The turning and coating con-

tinues for five to ten minutes; when completed the valvulae re-

140

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[vOL. XIII, NO. 3

lease the egg and it is held in the cerci until the coating is dry

and has hardened. When the egg is dry the female may drop

it to the ground, but in the majority of cases it is carefully

placed on some object. The females deposited many eggs in

the folds of the paper toweling which corked the vials, others

were placed in the bottom of the cages. Often the female would

carry the egg about in search of a proper place to lay it.

The whole process of laying a single egg takes from 12 to

15 minutes; as soon as one egg is deposited a second may be

extruded. The number of eggs laid between copulations varied

a great deal. Some days only one might be laid, on others five

to ten, while often no eggs were laid on a given day. As far

as is known, copulation usually takes place at intervals of two

to five days during the egg laying period which lasts approxi-

mately forty-five days.

Eggs. The length of the egg is 1^2-2 mm. and the width is

1 mm. There is a small micropile at one end and a hard collar-

like arrangement at the other. The shell is very tough and hard,

but not brittle. The eggs vary in color from tan to brown, re-

sembling the ground in which they are normally deposited.

When the eggs are first laid and not completely dry they ofttimes

pick up debris which helps to cover and protect them.

Timema calif ornicum is a spring and early summer form.

The insect presumably passes the late summer and winter in

the egg stage and emerges sometime in the spring when the new

growth of leaves is developing. Circumstances point to the fact

that the span of life is short and that there is only one genera-

tion a year.

Defense. The tergite of the prothorax is shield-shaped and

at each anterior-lateral angle is a darkly pigmented spot which

marks the opening of an odoriferous gland. If the insect is

sudddenly disturbed, a fluid is exuded from this gland. It is

not entirely disagreeable but is rather strong.

Each odoriferous gland consists of a large reservoir and a

gland which extends almost the entire length of the prothorax

just under the hypodermal layer. The gland is pear-shaped and

deeply grooved. The walls of the gland proper consist of cells

with very large nuclei. The reservoir is irregular and lies be-

tween the gland and the body wall. The cells of this structure

are large and have small nuclei. The gland and reservoir are

JULY, 1937]

PACIFIC COAST ENT. SOCIETY

141

placed among the body muscles, but there are no muscles

attached to them, they being held in place by the ligaments of

the prothorax. The salivary gland of the same side of the body

lies in close contact under the odoriferous gland.

Parasites. Two cases of parasitism were found, both in-

volving adult females. A dead female was found with a parasi-

tic round worm extruded from the body. In the other case

an immature stage of a mite was found clinging to the thorax,

apparently feeding.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE PACIFIC COAST

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

One Hundred and Thirty-sixth Meeting, June 19, 1934

Joint meeting with the Entomological Society of America,

American Association of Economic Entomologists, and Lorquin

Entomological Club, held at 10 a. m. in Room 113, Agriculture

Hall, University of California, Berkeley, California. Members

present: E. 0. Essig, W. B. Herms, S. B. Freeborn, E. P. Van

Duzee, F. E. Blaisdell, V. M. Tanner, R. F. Sternitsky, A. Mead,

G. R. Wilson, P. C. Ting, R. E. Blackwelder, H. E. Burke, A. E.

Michelbacher, J. Blum, E. G. Linsley, H. H. Keifer, R. L. Usinger,

F. H. Wymore, and J. 0. Martin. Visitors present as members

of other societies: H. A. Scullen, E. D. Ball, R. L. Webster, H. H.

Severin, W. C. Cook, J. F. Gates, R. G. Wind, P. Bailey, W. H.

Nutting, L. L. Stitt, R. E. Campbell, D. H. DeLeon, W. H. Lange,

A. A. Brock, H. M. Armitage, C. E. Cooley, C. F. Roseling, C. W.

Woodworth, R. L. Kitchell, E. L. Wampler, J. H. Freitag, C. G.

Weigle, J. E. Eckert, S. C. Dorman, J. D. Maple, R. Wall, A. C.

Mason, and S. E. Flanders. Professor Essig in the chair.

Dr. Blaisdell read a paper entitled “Some Facts Regarding the

Rearing of Tenebrionidae.”

His paper was followed by that of Mr. P. C. Ting, “On a

Peculiar Arrangement of the Mouthparts in the Coffee Bean

Weevil.” Illustrated.

The third paper was read by Prof. E. D. Ball, “The Number

of Generations in a season in Leaf Hoppers.” Illustrated.

Mr. S. E. Flanders presented an illustrated paper on “ A Cor-

relation Between the Feeding Habits and the Development and

Degeneration of Ovarian Eggs in Pteromalidee.”

Mr. Charles Woodworth read a paper entitled “The Internal

Anatomy of a Wireworm,” illustrated by numerous drawings.

The final paper of the program was presented by Mr. F. H.

Wymore, on “Observations of the Song of the Cicadidse.”

142

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[vOL. XIII, NO. 3

After discussion of the above papers the meeting adjourned. —

J. 0. Martin, Secretary.

One Hundred and Thirty-seventh Meeting, September 1, 1934

Meeting held at 2 p. m. in the entomological laboratories of

the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California.

Members present: E. 0. Essig, E. C. Van Dyke, F. E. Blaisdell,

E. G. Linsley, R. L. Usinger, J. E. Cottle, A. R. Mead, C. D.

Duncan, L. W. Saylor and J. 0. Martin. Visitors present: Mr.

and Mrs. F. H. Parker, F. R. Platt, P. S. Parker, Wm. Hovanitz

and K. D. Sloop.

After the transaction of other business, the nominating com-

mittee consisting of Dr. Blaisdell, Dr. Van Dyke and Mr. Usinger

proposed the following for officers for the ensuing year : for Presi-

dent, E. 0. Essig; for Vice President, C. D. Duncan, and for Sec-

retary-Treasurer, E. G. Linsley. The group was unanimously

elected.

Upon recommendation of the membership committee, Mr. Wil-

liam Hovanitz, Mr. Kenneth D. Sloop, Mr. Fred R. Platt and Mr.

Frank H. Parker were elected to membership in the Society.

Professor Essig announced the appointment of a Historical

Committee consisting of Mr. Van Duzee, Mr. Linsley and Mr.

Usinger (Chairman) to collect and preserve entomological ma-

terial of historical interest for permanent deposition in the files

of the Society.

The meeting was opened for a discussion of the summer ex-

periences of the members. At Professor Essig’s invitation Dr.

Van Dyke gave an account of a six weeks’ Entomology Field

Course at Carrville, Trinity County, followed by a visit to the

Forest Experiment Station in Modoc County, then a trip north

to Crater Lake, returning by way of the California Coast. He

expressed the opinion that the best collecting in this region was

during May .and June, becoming rapidly less productive following

these two months.

Mr. Fred Platt, who had been a member of Dr. Van Dyke’s

summer class at Carrville discussed his collecting experiences and

exhibited some of the material which had been obtained by the

group.

Mr. Parker reported poor collecting in Arizona due to abnor-

mally dry weather.

Mr. Duncan exhibited fragments of scorpions and large insects

which had been obtained by sweeping the floor beneath a bat

roost. These fragments were remarkable in that they indicated

that bats feed upon the ground. Mr. Duncan substantiated the

latter assumption with an account of seeing a bat feed upon a

Jerusalem cricket on the ground.

Dr. Blaisdell stated that he had done some collecting in Madera

JULY, 1937]

PACIFIC COAST ENT. SOCIETY

143

County and exhibited drawings of the larvEe and pupae of various

Tenebrionidae which he had been studying.

Following Dr. Blaisdell’s remarks the meeting adjourned. —

J. 0. Martin, Secretary.

One Hundred and Thirty-eighth Meeting, December 1, 1934

Meeting held at 2 p. m. in the entomological laboratories of

the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California.

Members present: E. 0. Essig, E. C. Van Dyke, F. E. Blaisdell,

J. 0. Martin, H. H. Keifer, F. H. Wymore, J. E. Cottle, K. D,

Sloop, R. L. Usinger, I. McCracken, A. E. Michelbacher, C. D.

Duncan, A. R. Mead, E. G. Linsley, L. M. Smith, William Hovanitz,

W. H. Lange, J. L. Gressitt, G. R. Wilson, P. C. Ting. Visitors

present: Miss J. Mabray, A. S. Harrison, J. Freitag, J. Reitzel.

Upon recommendation of the membership committee. Miss Janet

Mabray, Mr. Julius Freitag and Mr. Joseph Reitzel were elected

to membership.

Dr. Van Dyke presented to the Academy, on behalf of L. W.

Saylor, an early collection of California insects made by L. E.

Ricksecker.

Professor Essig introduced Mr. J. E. Cottle, who addressed

the Society upon “Some methods for the collection and study of

the Lepidoptera.” Mr. Cottle exhibited various types of nets and

equipment for the capture of various types of butterflies and moths

and discussed methods for the preservation of material after cap-

ture. Mr. Keifer added a few words about technique of collecting

and mounting Microlepidoptera. Dr. Van Dyke mentioned the

use of cellophane cages for rearing larvae, and Mr. Harrison stated

that he had found copper useful in setting chlorophyll in green

larvae.

Following Mr. Cottle’s talk. Dr. Van Dyke addressed the group

upon “Some famous California collecting places.” Dr. Van Dyke

discussed the various localties where he had encountered good

collecting during his many years of field experience and remarked

upon some of the rare species he had found in these areas.

Upon the conclusion of Dr. Van Dyke’s paper, the meeting

adjourned. — E. G. Linsley, Secretary.

One Hundred and Thirty-ninth Meeting, March 9, 1935

Meeting held at 2 p. m. in the entomological laboratories of

the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California.

Members present: E. 0. Essig, E. C. Van Dyke, Mrs. Van Dyke,

I. McCracken, A. E. Michelbacher, J. B. Steinweden, J. 0. Mar-

tin, J. F. Killeen, Theron Davis, G. F. Ferris, G. R. Wilson, F. R.

Platt, E. H. Nast, C. D. Duncan, A. R. Mead, William Hovanitz,

Janet Mabray, R. L. Usinger, J. C. Lindahl, J. L. Gressitt, W. H.

144

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[vOL. XIII, NO. 3

Lange, and E. G. Linsley. Visitors present: William Upholt, A.

Mallis, S. Oliver, N. H. Krauss, C. Anderson, and Mrs. E. H.

Behrens.

Upon the recommendation of the membership committee, Mr.

John C. Lindahl and Mr. Arnold Mallis were elected to member-

ship.

The historical committee, consisting of Messrs. Usinger, Van

Duzee, and Linsley was made a permanent one, the Permanent

Historical Committee of the Pacific Coast Entomological Society,

and Dr. C. D. Duncan and Mr. H. L. McKenzie were added as

regional members.

The President appointed Mr. Linsley and Dr. Killeen to rep-

resent the Society at the summer meetings of the Pacific Division

of the American Association for the Advancement of Science to

be held at the University of California at Los Angeles in June.

Mr. J. L. Gressitt, a member of the Society who has spent

many years in the Orient, addressed the group upon “Some Aspects

of Entomology in the Japanese Empire.” He discussed the de-

velopment of entomology in Japan, mentioning in particular the

Imperial University, the Imperial Agricultural Stations, and the

Central Research Institute in Formosa, as well as the outstanding

entomologists in the region. He also pointed out the similarity

between the insect fauna of Japan and that of Europe and North

America and the close relationship between that of Formosa and

the Himalaya region of North India. In conclusion Mr. Gressitt

exhibited various periodicals and entomological books published

in Japan and Formosa. — E. G. Linsley, Secretary.

The Fenyes Collection of Coleoptera

The California Academy of Sciences has recently secured

the collection of Coleoptera formed by the late Dr. Adelbert

Fenyes of Pasadena. It is too early now to make an estimate

of the number of species or specimens in this collection but it

will bring the total number of mounted insects in the Academy

collection to well above one million. The Fenyes collection is

strong in the family Staphylinidae of which there are 2700 de-

termined species. In the Aleocharinae, in which subfamily Dr.

Fenyes specialized, there are 1800 determined species. His was a

world collection but, aside from the North American fauna, it is

strongest in that of Europe and Mexico. As the Academy col-

lection is comparatively weak in these faunas this Fenyes material

will add a much needed element. We hope to include a bio-

graphical sketch of Dr. Fenyes in the next issue of this journal.

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ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

An illustrated magazine, published monthly — except August and

September — devoted to the study of INSECT LIFE. It contains a list

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Vol. XIII

October, 1937

No. 4

THE

Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Published by the

Pacific Coast Entomological Society

in co-operation with

The California Academy of Sciences

CONTENTS

FALL, DR. ADALBERT FENYES (with portrait) 14B

COCKERELL, BEES FROM SAN MIGUEL ISLAND, CALIFORNIA 148

LINSLEY, THE EFFECT OF STYLOPIZATION ON ANDRENA

PORTERS 167

GURNEY, SYNOPSIS OF THE GRYLLOBLATTID^ WITH THE DE-

SCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES FROM OREGON 169

LANGE, AN ANNOTATED LIST OF THE INSECTS ASSOCIATED WITH

JEFFREY PINE IN LASSEN NATIONAL FOREST, CALIFORNIA 172

MCKENZIE, GENERIC CHARACTERISTICS OF AONIDIELLA, AND A

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES FROM AUSTRALIA 176

HUNGERFORD, A NEW NOTONECTA FROM MEXICO 180

NUNENMACHER, STUDIES AMONG THE COCCINELLIDiE, No. 8 182

HOVANITZ, CONCERNING THE PLEBEJUS ICARIOIDES

RASSENKREIS 184

CAZIER, A NEW SPECIES OF VALGUS AND A NEW GENERIC

RECORD FOR MEXICO 190

San Francisco, California

1937

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

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Published at the California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park,

San Francisco, California.

Entered as second class matter, February 10, 1925, at the postoffice at

San Francisco, California, under Act of August 24, 1912.

Dr. Adalbert Fenyes

1863 to 1937

The Pan-Pacific Entomologist

VOL. XIII, No. 4 October, 1937

DR. ADALBERT FENYES

BY H. C. FALL

Tyngsboro, Mass.

On a morning in early spring in the year 1897 there called at

my door in Pasadena, California, a gentleman of pleasing per-

sonality, who, though speaking English perfectly, spoke it with a

slight accent that indicated a foreign nativity. He introduced

himself as one interested in entomology, and said he had been

directed thither by the city librarian. My visitor became so

enthusiastic over what I had to show him that instead of con-

tinuing on a world tour with his wife as projected they decided

to remain awhile in Pasadena and to that end rented a beautiful

home on Orange Grove Ave. for an indefinite residence. This

was my first meeting with Dr. Fenyes, the subject of this sketch,

and the beginning of a close and cordial intimacy which lasted

throughout the twenty remaining years of my residence in

Pasadena.

Dr. Adalbert Fenyes was born in Arad, Hungary, Nov. 17th,

1863. His father, Carolus Fenyes, was an attorney and of noble

birth. Dr. Fenyes was an honor graduate of the University of

Vienna; he was at the Court of Emperor Franz Joseph as an

officer in the Army Reserve, being a physician. In 1893 he went

to Cairo, Egypt, where he practiced medicine for several years,

associating there with the highest potentates of the city. It was

here that he met his first wife, a New York lady, whom he mar-

ried in Florence, and with whom he was making a world tour

when his trip was interrupted at Pasadena as I have mentioned

above.

Dr. Fenyes was always a great nature lover and in his early

years was a devotee of Ornithology, but he had already become

a confirmed Entomologist before coming to America.

Once established in Pasadena the Doctor immediately pro-

cured the necessary equipment and began systematic collecting

in the vicinity. Within a short time he brought me specimens

of two rare Melyrids, Microlipus prolixicornis Fall and Listrus

146

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[vOL. XIII, NO. 4

definitus Fall, previously unknown and so far as I know not since

taken by any other collector. His crowning discovery however

came several years later when he turned up on Mount Wilson

specimens of that large and handsome Eucnemid Palaeoxenus

dohrni Horn, which, though said to have been found at San Diego,

was believed by its describer to have really come from tropical

America.

For a good many years Dr. Fenyes made extensive collecting

trips to various parts of the country and to Mexico. By this

means and by exchange and purchase he rapidly amassed a very

large general collection, including much exotic material; also a

valuable library, both being housed in a fireproof building

erected for the purpose. About 1905 he began a special study

of the Staphylinid tribe Aleocharinae. He devoted himself to this

work with so much energy and success that in ten years he be-

came recognized as a world authority on this difiicult group and

was asked to prepare the manuscript thereon for the Wytsman

Genera Insectorum. Aside from this monumental task he pub-

lished about a dozen short papers on his specialty. Moreover

at the time he ceased all activity in Entomology, some ten years

or more ago, he had completed the manuscript and drawn the

plates, containing 766 accurately colored figures, for a mono-

graph of the North American Aleocharinae, a work of such magni-

tude that no publisher at the time could accept it, and it now

passes with his collection into the custody of the California

Academy of Sciences.

Dr. Fenyes continued the practice of his profession in Pasa-

dena. He was a pioneer in the use of the X-ray for medical

purposes and installed in his ofi&ce the first X-ray machine to

be brought to that city. In recognition of his work in this field

he was made an honorary member of the American Medical

Society.

After ceasing active work in Entomology he took up garden-

ing as a hobby, specializing in the raising of fine carnations,

importing seeds from England and developing specimens that

attracted the attention of horticultural experts. He also gave

much time in later years to music.

Highly educated, an accomplished linguist, a distinguished

physician, a world famed entomologist, an ardent horticulturalist.

OCT. 1937]

FALL— ADALBERT FENYES

147

a connoisseur in music; truly a remarkably versatile man, and

withal a gentleman of the finest type.

Dr. Fenyes died February 22nd, 1937, after a short illness.

His second wife, Louise Hiller Fenyes, whom he married May 14,

1930, survives him. He left no children.

Dr. Fenyes’ large collection of Coleoptera, numbering around

seventy-five thousand specimens, both native and exotic, as well

as his library and all his manuscript have been purchased by the

California Academy of Sciences and removed to San Francisco.

His specialized collection of Aleocharinae, included in the above,

comprises some nineteen hundred species and 19,600 specimens

from all quarters of the globe, and is probably unequalled in

any other collection in the world. The California Academy is

certainly to be congratulated in securing this extremely valuable

material.

Uber Entomologische Sammlungen

The third part of this work, under the editorship of Dr. Walter

Horn of the Deutsches Entomologisches Institut at Berlin-Dahlem,

has just been published, August 1, 1937. This brings the work

to completion, making a volume of 536 pages of text and 38

plates. In this most useful publication are given in alphabetical

order, the names of all entomologists, present and past, who have

assembled collections of insects of any extent, together with the

places where these collections are deposited. The plates give

reproductions of characteristic labels of all important entomolo-

gists. In addition the third part gives some few short biog-

raphies, remarks concerning insect collections and discusses the

question of the future of systematic entomology.

The work is a splendid one with a great amount of important

data concerning the collections of the world which has been

painstakingly assembled by Dr. Horn and his assistants, over a

period of many years. No student of entomology who wishes to

know something of the collections of the world, where they are

to be found, or get an idea of the individual manner of labeling

or characteristic autography, can afford to be without this most

useful publication. — Edwin C. Van Dyke.

148

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XIII, NO. 4

BEES FROM SAN MIGUEL ISLAND, CALIFORNIA

BY T. D. A. COCKERELL

The bees recorded below were taken during the last week of

July, 1937, on the occasion of the expedition of the Senior Boy

Scouts to the Island.

Bombus californicus Smith

Rather common on San Miguel, at flowers of Mesemhryanthe-

mum crystallinum, July 28 and 30. One is a male, with long

antennae and two yellow-haired tergites.

On the mainland, at Santa Barbara (July 16 at flowers of

Leptospemum) Francheschi Park (July 17, at Gaillardia) and

at Montecito (July 18, collected by Donal Jones) the similar

looking Bombus is B. vosnesenskii Radoszkowsky. Also on the

mainland, at Carpinteria, July 17, at flowers of Vida, I took B.

fervidus Fabricius.

Bombus nevadensis miguelensis Cockerell, new subspecies

Male. Hair of face nearly all black: lower part of pleura with

black hair; dorsum of thorax with a very large pure black patch,

which does not nearly reach tegulae at sides, though the interval

between the patch and the tegulae has black hair intermixed; first

two tergites with light yellow hair, third with black hair basally

but a broad light yellow fringe; fourth tergite with black hair,

apex with red. The genitalia are of the B. nevadensis, not B.

crotchii, type.

California: San Miguel Island, July 28, 1937, taken by Wil-

liam Smith.

Bombus crotchii semisuffusus Cockerell, new subspecies

Female. Hair of occiput and vertex all black; yellow band of

second tergite much weaker, not broad and sharply defined, its

middle portion dusky; the two apical tergites have rad hair. The

basal nervure goes a little basad of nervulus in this species.

California: San Miguel Island, July 30, at flowers of Mesem-

hryanthemum crystallinum.

OCT. 1937]

COCKERELL, SAN MIGUEL BEES

149

Epeolus eastwoodag Cockerell, new subspecies

Male. Length about 8 mm.; black, including antennse, but the

tarsi entirely red, and the tibise reddened at apex; tegulse bright

chestnut red posteriorly, but black in front; apical plate of abdo-

men reddish black; eyes very dark greenish. Head broad, orbits

converging below; face densely covered with pure white hair, except

apex of clypeus which is dull and minutely granular, with the

margin shining; mandibles bright red in middle; scape swollen,

highly polished; flagellum rather thick; mesothorax and scutellum

dull and minutely sculptured ; hair of thorax above distinctly tinged

with ochreous; anterior middle of mesothorax densely covered with

hair, taking the form of two very broad bands separated by the

median incised line, each band emarginate posteriorly; anterior

corners of mesothorax covered with hair, weakened mesad and just

reaching the bands; posterior margins of mesothorax and scutellum

(the latter including axillee) covered with hair, the band on meso-

thorax broadened at sides; postscutellum with dense pale hair;

metathorax hairy at sides, the median and basal bare areas dull

seen from above, but moderately shining from another angle;

mesopleura mainly densely hairy, but with a transverse bare spot

on upper part, and a large bare area (shining between punctures)

below; wings a little dusky at apex; recurrent nervures joining

second and third cubital cells near middle; hind coxeb with a con-

spicuous band of pure white hair; pale hair of legs otherwise

slightly ochreous; spurs pale red; black area of first tergite a

broad transverse band, straight in front, obliquely truncate at

sides, angulate in middle posteriorly, almost dividing the apical

hair-band; hair-band of second tergite rather broadly interrupted

in middle, and having a rounded projection at each side in front,

the angle formed by the projection and the band beyond a little

less than a right angle; hair-bands on tergites 3 to 5 narrowly

interrupted, the upper margin of that on third strongly undulate;

first two sternites mainly covered with white hair, and third with

an apical band, which is slightly interrupted in middle.

California: San Miguel Island, Cuyler’s Cove, near the shore,

July 27, 1927 (Cockerell). It was at flowers of Malacothrix

implicata Eastwood. In my tables it falls nearest to Epeolus

heterurus Cockerell and Sandhouse but it differs in the pattern

of the thorax, the partly bare mesopleura, the very short axillar

spines, the clearer wings, narrower third cubital cell, straight

anterior margin of black area on first tergite, and other characters.

The mark on first tergite is much more like that of E. rufomacu-

latus Cockerell and Sandhouse. Named after Miss Alice Eastwood,

150

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XIII, NO. 4

who has advanced our knowledge of the flora of the islands more

than any other living botanist.

Anthidium palliventre vanduzeei Cockerell, new subspecies

Larger (female about 12.7 mm. male about 14.5 mm.) all the

tibiee of male with a yellow stripe; corners of sixth tergite of

female prominent.

California: San Miguel Island. First found (one female)

by Mr. E. P. Van Duzee, who was the first to collect a bee on

San Miguel Island. I took a pair at Cuyler’s Cove, July 30,

1937, hovering over Phacelia scabrella Greene. The male is the

holotype.

Anthophora californica erysimi Cockerell, new subspecies

Female. Larger and more robust, with broader face, and black

instead of green eyes; width of head nearly 5 mm. width of abdo-

men nearly 6 mm.

California: San Miguel Island, on the top, at flowers of

Erysimum insulare Greene, July 20, 1937 (Cockerell).

At Santa Barbara, August 2, my wife took A. urbana Cresson

dt flowers of Lantana. This species has a representative or sub-

species {A. catalinae Cockerell, 1901) on Santa Catalina Island.

Agapostemon californicus psammobius Cockerell,

new subspecies

Male (type). Scape all black; hind tibiee marked with black;

nind femora usually with a continuous broad black band, bent in

middle, on inner face (in one specimen this band is interrupted) ;

venter with less yellow; genitalia with the squama intermediate

in type between that of A. texanus and A, angelicus as figured by

Sandhouse (Jl. Wash. Acad. Sci., 26, 1926, p. 81) ; the slender

curved lower lobe is essentially as in A. texanus, but the upper one

is produced, slender, like the end of a finger, the sinus between the

lobes is elongate-oval; rounded below.

Female. Metathorax above less sculptured, the rugse indistinct;

tegulge very dark brown, or a little green in front, with a yellow

spot.

The male differs from Crawford’s description of A. californicus

thus; wings not clouded apically; front and middle femora broadly

black above; hind femora as described above; venter with yellow

only on basal part.

OCT. 1937]

COCKERELL, SAN MIGUEL BEES

151

California: San Miguel Island, end of July, mostly at flowers

of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum on the top of the island, but

one female near the shore, Cuyler’s Cove, at Malacothrix impli-

cata. On Princess Islet a fragmentary male, remarkable for hav-

ing the yellow band on first tergite rather broadly interrupted,

was found in a web of Metepeira gosoya Chamberlin and Ivie

(det. Gertsch), in a clump of prickly pear, Opuntia littoralis

(Engelmann). In this specimen the mesothorax is of a splendid

purple-blue.

I collected A. californicus Crawford at Santa Barbara, July

11-17, at flowers of Mesembryanthemum, Scabiosa and a boragi-

naceous plant. The female has the metathorax above strongly

sculptured, the rugae strong and regular; tegulae fulvotestaceous,

with a yellow spot. The male has or lacks a yellow stripe on

scapa.

Halictus pavonotus Cockerell

This very distinct species has been known from the sand hills

at Pacific Grove and San Francisco. Sixteen males were taken

on San Miguel, but no females. One male bee has the head

unusually broad (diam. pr. 2.5 mm.) but is only an individual

variation. All were taken at Cuyler’s Cove, visiting flowers of

Malacothrix implicata.

Halictus (Seladonia) meliloti catalinensis (Cockerell) was

taken in some numbers at Santa Barbara, females at flowers of

Ceanothus and fennel. This bee was described from Catalina

Island, but has long been known to be common on the mainland.

No Seladonia occurred on San Miguel. The only other metallic-

colored Halictus which I took at Santa Barbara was H. helianthi

Cockerell, females common on fennel, but also taken on Ceano-

thus and marguerite daisy. This was not found on San Miguel.

Halictus (Chloralictus) grinnelli, Cockerell

One female was taken, at flowers of Eschscholtzia near the

ranch house, on the top of the Island. I cannot separate it from

H. grinnelli described from the Coronado Islands.

Halictus (Chloralictus) nevadensis Crawford

San Miguel, one female on top of Island, near ranch house,

at flowers of Eschscholtzia, July 31. This has the general ap-

152

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XIII, NO. 4

pearance, yellowish wings and reddened tarsi, of H. nevadensis,

but compared with a paratype, differs by the longer area of meta-

thorax and depressed line down middle of scutellum. The latter

character is evident in a specimen of H. nevadensis I collected

on the Coronado Islands. My series of specimens, attributed to

H. nevadensis, is variable, and it is possible that closer study,

with more material, will prove the existence of more than one

species.

Halictus (Chloralictus) megastictus Cockerell, new species

Female (type). Length about 6 mm., anterior wing 4; head

and thorax rather dark green, with long outstanding entirely white

pubescence; head broad, with projecting clypeus; antennae black,

mandibles dark red at extreme apex; apex of clypeus thickened,

black; supraclypeal area large, brassy; mesothorax dullish, finely

punctured, the median groove strong; scutellum shining on disc;

area of metathorax broadly truncate behind, with thickened mar-

gin, the surface dull, the sculpture not distinctly seen under a lens ;

metathorax dark bluish; tegulae large, black, very strongly punc-

tured, rounded behind; wings clear hyaline, not reddish, the stigma

and nervures very pale; legs black with abundant white hair, the

hind basitarsi with a red apical brush; hind spur with four spines,

the first two very long; abdomen shining black, the first tergite a

little greenish; basal corners of second tergite, and the following

ones entirely covered with white tomentum, which under the micro-

scope has the appearance of small scales, though there are also

long hairs ; the fourth tergite is distinctly green under the hair.

Male. Similar, with the same large, black, punctured tegulae;

no light markings in region of mouth; clypeus with two shining

elevations; face covered with white hair; fiagellum long, pale red

beneath; mesothorax highly polished on disc; scutellum with a

median sulcus; plicae at sides of area of metathorax very distinct;

no light color on legs; abdomen shining black, the first three ter-

gites with basal corners covered with pale hair, the others hairy

all over, some of the hairs long, the others short and plumose.

San Miguel Island, end of July (Cockerell). The female at

flowers of Malacothrix implicata, at Cuyler’s Cove. This is super-

ficially similar to H. grinnelli, and I had confused the two until

I observed the tegulae. Being a comparatively large species with

punctured tegulae it suggests H. nymphaearum Robertson, but that

is considerably larger, with the area of metathorax very coarsely

sculptured; in the male the scutellum is strongly bigibbous, and

the face more narrowed below.

OCT. 1937]

COCKERELL, SAN MIGUEL BEES

153

Halictus (Chloralictus) perichlarus Cockerell, new species

Female (type). Length about or nearly 7 mm., anterior wing 5;

olive green, including the shining abdomen, the upper part of cly-

peus and the supraclypeal area cupreous, margin of clypeus

broadly black; pubescence long and outstanding, entirely white;

antennae and mandibles black, the latter very faintly reddish at

tip; head broad, cheeks ordinary; mesothorax strongly punctured,

dullish, shining on posterior disc; scutellum shining, well punc-

tured, with no median sulcus; area of metathorax coarsely plicate,

with a thick shining rim; teguls very dark brown or black, with-

out distinct punctures; wings grayish hyaline, a little yellowish at

base, stigma and nervures pale; legs black with white hair; hind

spur with four stout spines; abdomen shining olive green, the hind

margins of the tergites reddish; the abdomen has long hair at

sides, and tomentum at lateral bases of second and third tergites

(under the microscope this appears as minute, scale-like hairs)

and the apical tergites have in addition much long hair. One speci-

men, which I at first thought might be distinct, has the last three

tergites closely hairy all over, while the second tergite has the

basal corners very broadly hairy.

Male. Smaller and slender, with parallel-sided abdomen; no

light marks in region of mouth or on legs; flagellum long, dusky

red beneath; mesothorax shining; abdomen with little pale hair.

San Miguel Island, end of July, eleven females and one male

(Cockerell). The male was at Eschscholtzia, near the ranch

house, July 31 ; three females were taken at the same time on

these flowers, but all the rest were at flowers of Meseinhryanthe-

mum crystallinum. The following key separates it from several

which are more or less related :

1. Females 2

-. Males 5

2. Mesothorax strongly shining; abdomen dark green, the

margins of tergites dark brown 3

-. Mesothorax dull or dullish 4

3. Larger and more robust; clypeus and supraclypeal area

shining green; area of meta thorax dull, with fine parallel

plicae disparilis Cresson

— Smaller; clypeus hardly at all green; area of metathorax

shining, basally plicate cattellae Ellis

4. Head oblong; mesothorax entirely dull; tegulae pale or

red pilosus Smith

-. Head broad; mesothorax shining on disc; tegulae

dark perichlarus Ckll

5. Abdomen obscurely greenish; mesothorax highly polished;

tarsi clear red disparilis Cresson

... Abdomen strongly green 6

154

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XIII, NO. 4

6. Head very broad; tegulae and tarsi dark perichlarus C&K

... Head suboval, tegulae pale; tarsi pale reddish pilasus Smith

The female may also be compared with H. diver sopunctatus

Ellis, which is a rather large species, with extremely hairy thorax,

yellowish wings, plicae of area of metathorax very strong, abdomen

green.

Halictus (Chloralictus) punctiferellus Cockerell, new species

Female. A small species similar to H. tegidaris Robertson and

H. tegulariformis Crawford, with strongly punctured tegulae and

pectinate hind spur. In the Sandhouse table it runs straight to

H. tegulariformis, except that the tegulae are rounded posteriorly,

but this character seems rather elusive depending on the angle of

vision. Comparing Crawford’s description of H. tegulariformis,

it agrees in having the parapsidal grooves not apparent, and the

punctures along the median groove of mesothorax not finer than the

rest; but on comparing a specimen of H. tegularis received from

Robertson, these characters do not seem very distinctive. The

first tergite is very distinctly transversels^ lineolate, which it is not

in H. tegulariformis, as described by Crawford. H. tegulariformis

was described from Nevada, but according to specimens before me,

it ranges from Colorado and New Mexico to Baja California. On

comparing a New Mexico one with one from Baja California, the

former has the area of metathorax tessellate, with few strongly

divergent plicae, while the latter has many irregular but more or

less parallel plicae\ I strongly suspect that the species, as we

have understood it, is composite. It seems, however, to be dis-

tinctly different from the Illinois H. tegularis.

Length about 4.6 mm., anterior wing nearly 4 ; head and thorax

dark blue-green; pubescence rather dull white; mandibles and

antennae black, the flagellum very faintly brownish beneath; cly-

peus and supraclypeal area shining, clypeus rather golden-green

above, a little coppery in middle, black apically; supraclypeal area

colored like the shining band along orbits, the front being other-

wise dull; mesothorax anteriorly with the median groove very

deep, and the region on each side of it shining, though well punc-

tured; posteriorly the mesothorax is dull; scutellum with a median

depression, on each side of which is a sparsely punctured shining

area; area of metathorax rather large, dull dark blue, seeming

without plicae, but the microscope shows very delicate well sepa-

rated irregular radiating plicae; tegulae black; wings clear with

very pale stigma and nervures, the stigma with no dark margin

(the character of the stigma shows that this cannot be the female

^Michener (1937) has separated a species of this /group from Albuquerque,

New Mexico, as H. albuquerQuensis n. sp.

OCT. 1937]

COCKERELL, SAN MIGUEL BEES

155

of H. gaudialis Sandhouse) ; legs black with white hair, a copper-

red brush at end of hind basitarsi; abdomen rather broad, highly

polished, black with the hind margins of the tergites brown or

pallid; first two tergites with pale hair at basal corners, the others

hairy but not densely so.

California: San Miguel Island, end of July (Cockerell).

Halictus (Chloralictus) pilosicaudus Cockerell, new species

Female. Length about 5 mm. ; wings short, the anterior wings

about 3 mm.; head and thorax olive green, the metathorax darker

and bluer; but not strongly contrasting; pubescence dull white,

covering the last three tergites with dense tomentum; head broad-

oval; clypeus short, its lower part black, its upper part and the

surpraclypeal area copper red, the supraclypeal area very brightly

colored with almost a rose tint; middle of mandibles broadly red;

flagellum short, dull red beneath; mesothorax dullish, the micro-

scope showing very dense, uniform, strong punctures, often running

in rows; scutellum shining anteriorly; area of metathorax large,

triangular, with dense vermiform plicse (the intervals shining) on

somewhat more than basal half, the apical part very minutely

rugose; posterior truncation small, shining; tegulae pale, not punc-

tured; wings clear, faintly yellowish, the stigma and nervures very

pale, the stigma with no dark margin; legs black, with reddish

tarsi, the basitarsi distinctly red ; hind spur with three stout teeth ;

abdomen black, with a faint greenish or brassy lustre, in one speci-

men with a purple band across first tergite; margins of tergites

pallid, more or less reddish; first two tergites showing the shining

surface, though the basal corners are hairy, the others densely cov-

ered with hair.

California: San Miguel Island, end of July (Cockerell). It

visits Malacothrix implicata. Nearest, apparently to H. brunnei-

ventris Crawford, differing by the dense pilosity of apical half of

abdomen, and the sculpture of metathorax. In the Sandhouse

table it goes to H. nevadensis, which (paratype compared) is a

very different species, with a round head. In my table it falls

near H. sparsus Robertson, which is really quite different.

Halictus (Chloralictus) cabrilli Cockerell, new species

Male. Length about 4.7 mm., anterior wing about 4.2; rather

slender, with large broad head, approximately circular, seen from

in front; head and thorax bluish green, the mesothorax highly

polished, with very distinct but well separated punctures; meta-

thorax bluer, the basal area dark blue; mandibles and region of

mouth all black; flagellum long, pale red beneath; legs black, the

156

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XIII, NO. 4

hind tarsi red at extreme tip ; abdomen shining black, with sparse

outstanding hair, conspicuous at sides; pubescence dull white, long

on head and thorax; tegulae very dark brown, without distinct

punctures; wings clear hyaline; nervures and stigma very pale, but

stigma with a dusky margin. Orbits converging below; clypeus

shining; sides of face with much white hair; scutellum highly

polished on disc, appearing rather yellowish green, strongly con-

trasting with the dull dark blue base of metathorax ; area of meta-

thorax short, densely rugosoplicate, the intervals shining as seen

under microscope; mesopleura and sides of metathorax densely

punctured; margins of third and following tergites somewhat

brownish ; suture between first and second tergites impressed.

California: San Miguel Island, end of July, four (Cock-

erell). It visits flowers of Malacothrix implicata. It is named

after the famous explorer, who died on San Miguel. In the Sand-

house table it could be sought for near H. lactineus Sandhouse,

from which it is easily known by the dark legs, or H. disparilis

Cresson, which is entirely different. There is some resemblance

to H. foveolatus Robertson, from Illinois, and among the west

coast species H. daggetti Cockerell is rather near, but is larger,

with bluish head and thorax and milky wings. H. gaudialis

Sandhouse, from La Jolla, has strongly punctured tegulae.

Halictus miguelensis Cockerell, new species

Male. Length about 9 mm., anterior wing 7; rather slender,

black with apical band on clypeus (with a small median extension

above), labrum, spots on knees, and basitarsi, all very light yellow;

pubescence white; mandibles black, red at tip; antennse entirely

black; flagellum very long, reaching base of abdomen; clypeus

projecting; orbits strongly converging below; front and upper

part of face with much white hair; a shining line along inner

orbits to the top ; mesothorax and scutellum shining, with numerous

fine punctures; in lateral view, the sides of mesothorax appear

dull, contrasting with the highly polished sides of scutellum; area

of metathorax large, dull, densely covered with parallel plicae, the

microscope shows a complex system of rugae, forming a sort of

network, and also shows that the large postscutellum is coarsely

sculptured; tubercles black; tegulae not punctured, shining brown,

with a light yellow spot in front; wing's perfectly clear, not yellow-

ish, iridescent, the large stigma clear rufous, the nervures light

brown; outer nervures paler but hardly weaker; front tibiae with

a narrow pale stripe its whole length posteriorly, and anteriorly

pale reddish; middle and hind tibiae with a pale yellow mark at

base, and a little reddish at apex; basitarsi very pale yellow, the

following joints pale reddish, except the last, which is dark; abdo-

OCT. 1937]

COCKERELL, SAN MIGUEL BEES

157

men highly polished, thinly hairy, margins of tergites inconspicu-

ously pallid; second to fourth tergites with conspicuous light hair

at sides of base, the microscope shows that this hair is strongly

plumose.

California: San Miguel Island, July 30 (Cockerell). Re-

lated to H. nigricallis Vachal, but more robust, with more shin-

ing disc of mesothorax, and entirely black antennae. On account

of the clear, quite colorless wings, it cannot be associated with

H, pacificus Cockerell or H. truncatus Robertson. It is not H.

cooleyi Crawford (which I took in Santa Barbara) which has

much yellow on the mandibles. H. arctous Vachal has a yellow

spot on tubercles; H. kincaidii Cockerell has the clypeus all

black; H. pullilabris Vachal has the labrum black.

The holotypes of the new species will be placed in the collec-

tion of the California Academy of Sciences at San Francisco.

THE EFFECT OF STYLOPIZATION ON ANDRENA

PORTERAE COCKERELL

(Hymenoptera)

BY E. GORTON LINSLEY

University of California

f ew andrenid bees are more strongly sexually dimorphic

than Andrena porterae Cockerell. The sexes are so unlike that

they were originally described as distinct species^ ^ and remained

unassociated until field observations suggested their identity.

In addition to differences in general form and structure of mandi-

bles, antennae, legs, and abdomen, the females have the integu-

ment and pubescence entirely black. The male (first described

as Andrena leptanthi Vier. and Ckll.) is brown, with the clypeus

bright yellow, the pubescence pale brownish. Whatever doubt

may have remained with regard to the identity of the sexes of

porterae may now be dispelled by the capture of a stylopized

female exhibiting a partial reversal of secondary sexual char-

acters. In color, structure of posterior pair of legs, and propor-

tions of the antennal segments the example is more or less

^Cockerell, T. D. A., 1900, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 5:401, $

* Viereck and Cockerell, 1904, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 14:27, d"

158

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XIII, NO. 4

intermediate between the normal male and the normal female.*

The individual may be described as follows:

Size and form of typical female; integument dark brown;

pubescence of head dark brownish, that of thorax and abdomen

brown, of posterior metatarsi and tibial scopsB pale brownish;

clypeus with a large, irregular, bright yellow, median spot; first

segment of flagellum shorter than the three following together

(in the normal female it is as long as or slightly longer than the

three following, in the normal male it is but little longer than

the two following together) ; tibial scopa thinner than usual, the

hairs of the dorsal margin mostly shorter than the width of the

tibia (rather than distinctly longer than the width of the tibia).

Described from an example taken at West Walker River, Inyo

County, Calif., elevation 6,000 feet, on May 16, 1937, at flowers

of Ribes, by Mr. Charles D. Michener, who very kindly presented

it to the writer. The specimen has been parasitized by a male

Stylo ps. A second female, captured at the same time and bear-

ing a female parasite, exhibits no reversal of sexual characters.

Apparently neither specimen was making any attempt to collect

pollen since the scopae of both females were devoid of pollen

grains.

Note on the Dispersion of Pseudoscorpions

Recently while collecting moths at an electric light, I ob-

served that an occasional moth had what seemed to be a particle

of dirt attached to its tibia. In removing one it seemed to be

attached by a stalk. When removed and examined with a glass,

to my surprise I found it to be a pseudoscorpion. The specimen

has been preserved and is now in the collection of the California

Academy of Sciences. — F. E. Blaisdell, Sr.

The double number 1 and 2 of the Pan-Pacific Entomologist

was mailed May 4, 1937; No. 3 was mailed September 14, 1937,

and No. 4 on December 17, 1937.

® For a discussion of the effects of stylopization on Aculeate Hymenoptera

cf: Salt, G., 1927, Jl. Exp. Zool., 48:223-319, pis. 1-6.

OCT. 1937]

GURNEY— GRYLLOBLATTID^

159

SYNOPSIS OF THE GRYLLOBLATTIDAE WITH THE

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES FROM

OREGON (Orthoptera)

BY ASHLEY BUELL GURNEY^

Introduction

Since Walker (1914) established the family Grylloblattidae,

some twenty-five papers have been published concerning the

group. In the present study a revisionary synopsis and an evalu-

tion of taxonomic characters are offered for the first time. Two

genera and five species are included, of which one species is here

described as new and one genus re-established as valid. The

genus Galloisiana Caudell is composed of two subgenera, and

Gryllohlatta campodeiformis Walker consists of two subspecies.

The present study was prompted by difficulties experienced

in identifying material collected in Oregon by Prof. H. A. Scullen

of the Oregon State Agricultural College. Professor Scullen

kindly placed at the disposal of the writer the entire series of

specimens collected by him, together with full collecting notes.

Through the kindness of Dr. R. H. Beamer of the University of

Kansas it has been possible to examine the entire series of

Gryllohlatta campodeiformis occidentalis Silvestri collected by

him on Mt. Baker, Wash., in 1931. Dr. Harlow B. Mills of the

Montana State College has provided examples of G. c. campodei-

formis Walker collected in Gallatin Canyon, Montana, in 1936.

Dr. E. M. Walker of the University of Toronto has kindly loaned

for study two pairs of the typical race of campodeiformis from

the Canadian Rocky Mountains. The writer would express his

appreciation to the above-named gentlemen, also to his colleague,

Mr. Herbert S. Barber, for detailed information regarding the

conditions under which Gryllohlatta harheri Caudell was orig-

inally collected and their relation to the problem of natural bar-

riers in the distribution of species. During this study specimens

of all known forms, except Galloisiana notahilis (Silvestri), de-

scribed from a single nymph collected in Japan, have been

examined.

In the following key the more important character is men-

^ Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, United States Department of

Agriculture.

160

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[vOL. XIII, NO. 4

tioned first in each couplet containing two or more characters.

The word nymph refers to large, nearly mature specimens.

Key to the Genera and Species of Grylloblattidae

1. Posterior-lateral angles of pronotum broadly rounded in adult

(fig. 4) ; third segment of antenna more than twice the length

of second segment (fig. 2) ; compound eyes somewhat reduced

(fig. 2) or absent; cercus of adult composed of nine segments

(fig. 3) ; front and hind femora shaped as in figs. 5 and 6,

(Japan) . . . Genus Galloisiana Caudell 2

... Posterior-lateral angles of pronotum narrowly rounded in

adult (fig. 7) ; third segment of antenna not more than one and

one-half times the length of second segment (fig. 9) ; com-

pound eyes present and well-defined, general shape as in fig. 9 ;

cercus of adult composed of eight segments (fig. 1 and 8) ;

front and hind femora shaped as in figs. 10 and 11, (North

America) . . . Genus Gryllohlatta Walker 3

(Genotype, Gryllohlatta campodeiformis campodeiformis Wal-

ker, by monotypy.)

2. Compound eyes present . . . Galloisiana, subgenus Galloisiana

Caudell (Type and only species, Galloisia nipponensis C. & K.,

1924).

Compound eyes absent . . . Galloisiana, subgenus Ishiana Sil-

vestri (Type and only species, Gryllohlatta (Ishiana) notahilis

Silv., 1927).

3. Dorsal valve of ovipositor clearly reaching to middle of cercus,

usually to the sixth segment (fig. 1) ; antenna of adult com-

posed of 36 segments or less, of nymph* not over 30; cercus

normally not exceeding 1.8 times the length of pronotum,

(Alberta, Montana, Washington) 4

... Dorsal valve of ovipositor not reaching to middle of cercus,

seldom beyond the fourth segment (fig. 8) (adult of harheri

unknown) ; antenna of adult frequently composed of 39 or more

segments, of nymph often of more than 30; cercus longer

than above, normally 2 times or more the length of pronotum,

(Northern California, Oregon) 5

4. Antenna of adult composed of 27-30 segments, of nymph sel-

dom more than 26, (Alberta and Montana)

campodeiformis campodeiformis Walker (1914)

... Antenna of adult composed of more than 30 segments, of

nymph usually more than 26, (Washington)

campodeiformis occidentalis Silvestri (1931)

5. Antenna of nymph composed of 36-40 segments ; compound eye

prominent, proportion of greatest length of eye to width of

eye to width of head about as 1:4.4; color of body grayish

brown, (Northern California) harheri Caudell (1924)

^ Reference is here made to large, nearly mature specimens.

OCT. 1937]

GURNEY— GRYLLOBLATTID^

161

Antenna of nymph normally containing 31-32 segments; com-

pound eye distinctly smaller than above, proportion of great-

est length of eye to width of head about as 1:5.8; color of body

light amber, paler than in barberi, (Oregon)

sculleni, new species

The Genus Galloisiana Caudell

Galloisia Caudell and King, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., Vol. 26,

pp. 53-60, 5 figs., 1924. (Genotype, Galloisia nipponensis C. & K.,

by monotypy.)

Galloisiana Caudell, 76., No. 4, p. 92, 1924. (New name for

Galloisia C. & K., preoccupied by Galloisia Hustache, Bull. Mus.

Paris, Vol. 26, fasc. 6, p. 493, 1920, in Coleoptera.)

Grylloblatta {Galloisiana) Silvestri, Boll. Lab. Zool. Scuola

Sup. Agr., Portici, Vol. 20, p. 112, 1927.

Grylloblatta (Iskiana) Silvestri, 76., p. 113.

The genus Galloisia was proposed by Caudell and King for

the species nipponensis, represented by one adult male and two

nymphs collected by the junior writer in Japan. The original

authors, in giving the generic diagnosis, emphasized the presence

of lateral flange-like pads at the apices of the basal four segments

of each tarsus. Other characters mentioned as being of probable

generic importance were nine-segmented cerci, and a third antennal

segment about three times the length of the second. Cerci of

adult Grylloblatta are eight-segmented and, according to Caudell

and King, the tarsi are cylindrical and lack pulvilli and lateral

pads.

Crampton (1927) enumerated the above generic characters

given by Caudell and King and accepted the Japanese species as

probably belonging to a genus distinct from Grylloblatta. He

also attributed generic significance to several characters taken

from the specific description of nipponensis. He reported, how-

ever, that distinct tarsal pads, though smaller than in Galloisiana,

are present in Grylloblatta.

Later in the same year, and being acquainted with Crampton’s

paper, Silvestri (1927) discussed the immature stages of two

species collected in Japan. After comparing these with nymphs

of Grylloblatta campodeiformis Walker (apparently adults of

Galloisiana were not available for study) he placed Galloisiana

as a synonym of Grylloblatta. The nymphs reported by Silvestri

included three male specimens collected at the type locality of

162

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XIII, NO. 4

nipponensis and identified as that species, and a single male

nymph taken near Nagasaki (about 600 miles from Nikko, near

where nipponensis was taken). This nymph was described as

Grylloblatta notabilis, a new species and type of a new subgenus,

Ishiana. Ishiana was particularly characterized by the absence

of eyes.

In the present paper Galloisiana, with Ishiana as a subgenus,

is reestablished as a valid genus on the following grounds:

1. One of the two most important characters, in the writer’s

opinion, is the shape of the pronotum as shown in figs. 4 and 7.

Nymphs of the two genera do not exhibit such differences in the

outline of the posterior-lateral angles; but the adult Galloisiana

nipponensis is very distinct from Grylloblatta adults in this re-

spect, and, if the shape of the pronotum in this group is nearly as

significant as in Dermaptera and Blattidae, it is certainly of gen-

eric value.

2. The blind condition described for Silvestri’s notabilis is

not difficult to visualize after one examines the type material of

nipponensis. The compound eye is elongate, as shown in fig. 2,

and the outlines of the eye and its facets are obscure, in contrast

to the differently-shaped conspicuous eye of Grylloblatta (fig. 9).

It seems evident that there is a strong tendency toward the reduc-

tion of eyes in the known Japanese members of Grylloblattidae.

That they form a complex distinct from the Nearctic species is

fairly clear. On the basis of the single reported nymph of nota-

bilis, no change is justified other than to ally it with Galloisiana

rather than Grylloblatta, because of its blindness. Ishiana, ac-

cordingly, is here considered a subgenus of Galloisiana. The dis-

covery of the adult may indicate whether the species is blind in

all stages and further show the proper placement of the species.

3. The different proportions of the third antennal segment

in comparison with the second segment in the two genera are

shown in figs. 2 and 9. The constancy of the character is demon-

strated by the four American forms. The third antennal segment

of notabilis, as figured by Silvestri (1927), is longer than in the

corresponding stages of Grylloblatta. Since the two complexes

indicate the stability of this character it is reasonable to con-

sider proportional lengths of antennal segments of generic im-

portance as they are in certain Dermaptera.

OCT. 1937]

GURNEY— GRYLLOBLATTID^

163

4. All records of adult Grylloblattidae indicate the number

of nine segments in the cercus of Galloisiana and eight in Gryllo-

hlatta to be constant, although, as noted by Caudell and King,

the basal two segments are very closely united in Galloisiana

(fig. 3). In Plecoptera the number of segments of the cerci is

frequently of family significance and it seems advisable to con-

sider even the relatively slight difference observed in the Gryllo-

blattidae, with respect to this character, as probably of generic

value.

5: The spurs and spinelike setae appear somewhat heavier in

Galloisiana, and the legs (figs. 5 and 6) seem to be definitely

stouter, than in Grylloblatta (figs. 10 and 11). These features

will probably prove to be constant.

6. As stated by Crampton in 1927, adults of Grylloblatta

preserved in alcohol show unmistakable lateral pads on the

tarsus. Each pair of pads may represent a pulvillus which has

become divided in the process of evolution. Although these pads

are considerably smaller than those of Galloisiana, this character

appears to be of minor value as compared to the shape of the

pronotum and the reduction of the eyes. Unfortunately, the fig-

ures of tarsi shown by Caudell and King are somewhat mislead-

ing, since comparison is made between short, flattened segments

of an adult Galloisiana (then called Galloisia) and elongate,

cylindrical segments of a nymphal Grylloblatta. The tarsi of

adults of Grylloblatta approach in form those of Galloisiana.

The hind tarsi of Grylloblatta, particularly the basitarsi, appear

more distinct from those of Galloisiana than the front and middle

tarsi, which are very similar in the two genera. The incorrect

statement that the tarsi of Grylloblatta lack pulvilli apparently

originated with Walker’s (1914) accidental use of the term “pul-

villi,” when he obviously meant “arolia,” in the orignal descrip-

tion. Arolia between the claws are absent, and pulvilli are present

on at least the fifth segment of front and middle tarsi, in both

genera.

7. Since the elongate projection of the male supra-anal plate

of Galloisiana is not present in Grylloblatta, it may be a valuable

character. Until more information is available, however, the

writer hesitates to consider specialization of genitalia as generic.

164

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XIII, NO. 4

The Genus Grylloblatta Walker

Grylloblatta Walker, Can. Ent., Vol. 46, pp. 93-99, 1914. (Geno-

type, Grylloblatta campodeiformis Walker, by monotypy.)

Grylloblatta sculleni Gurney, new species

(Figs. 7-11)

Female: General form elongate, slender; body with fine pube-

scence. Head with parietal sutures well defined; lateral area with

two spine-like setse about mid-way along parietal suture, a slightly

oblique row of four similar setae mid-way between suture and

lateral margin of head, about six sets along margin of head at the

occiput. Coronal suture and frontal sutures indistinct; two well-

spaced setae borne in each frontal suture. Postclypeus and antecly-

peus plainly differentiated, their anterior margins slightly and

evenly rounded. Labrum covered with fine setae. Compound eye

sharply defined, distinctly smaller than antennal socket (fig. 9).

Basal segments of antenna as illustrated (fig. 9), right antenna

composed of 39 and left of 32? segments, respectively.

Pronotum as illustrated (fig. 7) ; the posterior-lateral angles nar-

rowly rounded. Ventral-anterior margin of front femur with

closely set row of about 16 stout spine-like setae; the ventral-

posterior margin with about 6 weak, scattered sets (fig. 10). Hind

femur as illustrated (fig. 11). Tarsus of front leg with segments

shorter than those of middle leg, segments of rear tarsi longest.

Lateral flange-like tarsal pads at apices of first four tarsal seg-

ments (small but distinct) ; pulvillus well developed on apical seg-

ments of front and middle tarsi, lacking on hind tarsus.

Abdomen and appendages typical of the genus; gland on basal

sternite well developed. Dorsal valves of ovipositor reaching about

to base of fifth segment of cercus. Ovipositor and cerci as illus-

trated (fig. 8).

Coloration: General coloration light amber, ventral surface

of body of a lighter shade than above. Setse of body and append-

ages, tips of tibial spurs and tips of tarsal claws brown. Com-

pound eyes black.

Measurements: Length of body, 23.0 mm.; of antenna, 17.0;

of eye, 0.53; of pronotum, 3.15; of rear femur, 5.0; of dorsal valve

of ovipositor, 3.45 ; of cercus, 7.2 ; width of head, 3.22 ; of pronotum,

2.63; of rear femur, 0.9.

In addition to the holotype described above, two adult females

and eight nymphs, including a male 12 mm. in length, are con-

sidered paratypes. The apical antennal segments are broken

from several specimens, the maximum number being 35 in the

adults and 32 in the nymphs. The maximum head width is 3.15

mm. and 3.16 respectively in the two adult paratypes. The eye

OCT. 1937]

GURNEY— GRYLLOBLATTID^

165

length is 0.45 mm. and 0.58 in the two adult specimens. In other

respects they agree essentially with the holotype.

Type locality. Scott Camp (6,600 feet, altitude). Three Sis-

ters, Cascade Mountain, Oregon.

Type. No. 52017, U. S. National Museum.

The holotype female, one adult female paratype, and six small

nymphal paratypes collected July 12, 1936, by H. A. Scullen and

Robert Rider. One adult female paratype and two large nymphal

paratypes collected at the type locality August 6, 1935, by H. A.

Scullen and George Ferguson. Two adult and three immature

paratypes are returned to Professor Scullen.

Professor Scullen, for whom this species is named, has fur-

nished the following notes:

“On the day in question (August 6, 1935), the car was left

at the C. C. C. camp located at what has for a long time been

called Frog Camp, on the west side of the McKenzie Pass. From

Frog Camp the skyline trail was followed to White Branch

Meadow and from there to the snow line near Obsidian camp, at

an elevation of about 6,600 feet. Within less than half an hour

one immature specimen of Gryllohlatta was found among the

crushed rock at the border of the melting snow. Further search-

ing brought to light an additional immature specimen. In both

cases they were taken among the small particles of rock wet

with the water from the dripping lower border of the snow. No

additional specimens were taken in the neighborhood of this

snow patch. Search was then made along the border of a more

extended snow area, with the result that a mature female was

taken among the broken pieces of rock close to the snow. No

additional specimens of this group were taken during the two

hours of collecting.

“There is no doubt that this insect is common if one can

succeed in reaching its normal habitat. The difficulty, however,

is in being able to dig under the shale rock for the specimens.

I saw several adult specimens which I was unable to collect, be-

cause just at the instant I was ready to capture them a landslide

of shale rock came down in my direction and I was compelled to

give way.”

Elsea (1937) has recently reported the collecting of two

females of Gryllohlatta campodeiformis near Crater Lake, Ore-

166

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XIII, NO. 4

gon, on November 27, 1936. Although his specimens have not

been examined, it seems probable that a form of Gryllohlatta

other than the typical race of campodeiformis is represented, per-

haps sculleni.

Taxonomy and Bionomics of the Group

The accompanying key presents the distinguishing characters

of the four known forms of Gryllohlatta . The number of anten-

nal segments has formerly been considered the most important

specific character. In c. campodeiformis the number has not

been reported previously in excess of 29, and since c. occidentalis

exhibits 32-36 segments as now known, the latter form would

seem to be valid. Among ten specimens of c. campodeiformis

from Montana which have been examined by the writer are three

with antennal counts of 29-30, 29-30, and 28-30 respectively; the

others do not exceed 27 and some have broken antennae. Although

the naming of species in primitive orthoptera merely on the basis

of a slight difference in number of antennal segments would seem

to be a questionable practice, at present it seems best to recognize

the two as distinct subspecies on the difference in the number of

antennal segments.

The new species, sculleni, is clearly distinct from either form

of campodeiformis on the basis of the ovipositor and cerci, as

well as by the other differences given in the key. Although adults

of harheri are not known, the maximum number of 40 antennal

segments and the large dimensions of the cerci and femora in the

nearly mature nymphs indicate its distinctness from campodei-

formis, and its probable relation to sculleni. From the latter

species harheri may be separated by the characters given in the

key. The nymphal eye of harheri is larger than that of the adult

sculleni. When adults of harheri are known other differences

may become apparent. Until then, it seems best to describe

sculleni as a distinct species; subspecific rank may later be

advisable.

As mentioned by Crampton (1927), the right coxite of the

male of Gryllohlatta c. campodeiformis bears a dorsal process,

illustrated by Walker (1919, fig. 8; 1922, fig. 69), which is not

present in Galloisiana. Adult males of c. occidentalis agree with

those of c. campodeiformis in this respect and no other genitalic

differences have been found. Neither do the ovipositors of the

OCT. 1937]

GURNEY— GRYLLOBLATTID^

167

two forms show any appreciable differences.

Our knowledge of the biology of Gryllohlatta is derived

mainly from the following papers: Caudell (1923), Ford (1926,

1937), Silvestri (1931), Beamer (1933) and Mills and Pepper

(1937). Specimens have usually been collected from beneath

stones, pieces of wood, or other objects in cold surroundings, but

snow has not always been present. Most collections have been

made at altitudes of 5,000 feet or higher. The type locality of

harheri is at an elevation of slightly more than 2,000 feet in the

valley of the Feather River, at the base of Lassen Peak, Calif.

Cold air from this mountain, which is over 10,000 feet in height,

doubtless chills the nearby valley and provides suitable condi-

tions for Gryllohlatta. Mills and Pepper have suggested that the

rock-strewn, talus slopes where Gryllohlatta is most frequently

found provide a means for the insects to select favorable living

conditions by retreating back under the debris or advancing to

the open air, to suit their own tastes. Available data suggest

that the food may include some plant material and that in certain

favorable stations insects that have been killed by the cold may

be an important item of diet. Miss Ford (1937, p. 282) reports

that under suitable laboratory conditions individuals “have lived

for three and four years, slowly reaching maturity and deposit-

ing eggs.” Mills and Pepper, as well as Miss Ford, have found

Gryllohlatta sensitive to temperature changes and prostrated by

a degree of warmth in which most insects thrive. Buckle (1925)

states that a specimen of c. campodeiformis showed signs of dis-

tress and soon died when placed in direct sunlight. It seems

clear that, like the adults of the mecopteron Boreas and the

tipulid Chionea, Gryllohlatta is adapted to live normally in loca-

tions which are always near freezing. The Japanese Galloisiana

nipponensis was taken in and beneath decaying logs and under

conditions of cold, although snow was not present. Silvestri

(1927) found that the alimentary canal of nipponensis contained

arthropod remains.

The distributional data regarding Gryllohlatta are still very

fragmentary, but the evidence points to the presence of many

widely separated, more or less isolated, units of population which

may eventually be found to extend southward as far as New

Mexico in the East and the San Bernardino Mountains of Califor-

nia in the West. The three forms in the Pacific Coast States are

168

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XIII, NO. 4

distinct and the natural barriers rather clear. The Oregon species,

sculleni, is separated from G. c. occidentalism occurring on Mt.

Baker, Wash., by the Columbia River Valley. G. harheri occurs

in the Sierra Nevada Mountains in Plumas County, California,

and is separated from its nearest Cascade relative by valleys in

the watershed of the Klamath River. The known centers of dis-

tribution for G. c. campodeiformis, Banff, Alberta, and Gallatin

Canyon, Mont, (reported by Strand, 1937, p. 38, fig. 7), are

separated by about 500 miles, but in the same mountain range.

Specimens from Emerald Lake and Mt. Edith Cavell, Alberta,

agree with Montana individuals.

Since Grylloblatta is restricted to definite favorable habitats

and has no means of rapid dissemination, it follows that the

species are likely of ancient distribution. In this connection it

may be observed that the two subspecies of campodeiformis are

within or very near the limits of the main areas of glaciation

during Pleistocene time, while the localities of sculleni and har-

heri were each characterized by separate and individual local

glaciations. This fact gives added evidence for the distinctness

of the Pacific Coast species.

Regarding the ordinal position of the Grylloblattidae, it is

purely a question as to how much the currently accepted orders

are to be divided, which determines whether the order Notoptera

(Crampton, 1915) should be accepted, whether it should be con-

sidered a suborder (Crampton, 1933, p. 102) of Orthoptera, or

whether the group should be treated as a family of Orthoptera.

Future morphological studies by Walker and others may give

added weight to one belief; for the present the writer prefers to

follow Hebard (1930) in treating the Grylloblattidae as a family

of Orthoptera. A number of ordinal names, in addition to

Notoptera, have been proposed, chief among which are Gryllo-

blattoidae (Brues and Melander, 1915) which was later changed

to Grylloblattodea (Brues and Melander, 1932), and Gryllo-

blattaria (Bruner, 1915, p. 2). A full discussion of the phylo-

genetic relationships of the Grylloblattidae is furnished by Cramp-

ton (1933).

Partial Bibliography

For additional references the reader may consult the bibliog-

raphy given by Gurney (1936).

OCT. 1937]

GURNEY— GRYLLOBLATTID^

169

Beamer, R. H., 1933. Collecting Grylloblatta campodeiformis

var. occidentalis Syl.; Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., Vol 26, pp. 234-236,

2 figs.

Brues, C. T., and Melander, A. L., 1915. Key to the Families

of North American Insects, Boston, Mass., and Pullman, Wash.,

pp. 1-140.

Same, Edn., 1932. Classification of Insects. Bull. Mus. Comp.

Zool., Vol. 73, pp. 1-672.

Bruner, Lawrence, 1915. Preliminary catalogue of the orthop-

teroid insects of the Philippine Islands. Univ. Studies, Lincoln,

Neb., Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 1-87. ( Grylloblattidae not recorded from

P. I., merely mentioned in key under ordinal name.)

Buckle, E. R., 1925. Notes on some British Columbia Gryllo-

blattaria, Dermaptera and Orthoptera for the year 1925. Proc.

Ent. Soc. B. C., Vol. 22, pp. 35-36.

Caudell, A. N., 1923. Grylloblatta in California. Can. Ent.,

Vol. 55, pp. 148-150.

Same, 1924. Notes on Grylloblatta with description of a new

species. Jl. Wash. Acad. Sci., Vol. 14, pp. 369-371.

Crampton, G. C., 1915. The thoracic sclerites and the sys-

tematic position of Grylloblatta campodeiformis Walker, a remark-

able annectent “Orthopteroid” insect. Ent. News, Vol. 26, pp.

337-350, figs. 1-3.

Same, 1927. The abdominal structures of the orthopteroid

family Grylloblattid® and the relationships of the group. Pan-

Pac. Ent., Vol. 3, pp. 115-135, figs. 1-10, A. & B.

Same, 1933. The affinities of the archaic orthopteroid family

Grylloblattidae, and its position in the general phylogenetic scheme.

Jl. N. Y. Ent. Soc., Vol. 41, pp. 127-166.

Elsea, J. E., 1937. A new locality for Grylloblatta. Pan-Pac.

Ent., Vol. 13, p. 57.

Ford, Norma, 1926. On the behavior of Grylloblatta. Can.

Ent., Vol. 58, pp. 66-70, 1 fig.

Same, 1937. In Needham, J. G., et al.. Culture Methods for

Invertebrate Animals. Comstock Publishing Co., Ithaca, N. Y.,

590 pp.

Gurney, A. B., 1936. The external morphology and phyloge-

netic position of the woodland cave cricket (Ceuthophilus hrevipes

Scudder, Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae) . Jl. N. Y. Ent. Soc., Vol. 44,

pp. 281-315, figs. 1-27.

Hebard, M., 1930. The Orthoptera of Alberta. Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci. Phil., Vol. 82, pp. 377-403.

Mills, H. B., and Pepper, J. H., 1937. Some observations on

Grylloblatta campodeiformis Walker. Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., Vol. 30,

pp. 269-274.

Silvestri, F., 1927. Contribuzioni alia conoscenza dei Gryllo-

blattidae. Bollett. Lab. Zool. Scuola sup. Agr., Portici, Vol. 20, pp.

107-121, figs. 1-8

170

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XIII, NO. 4

Same, 1931. Notes on Grylloblatta campodeiformis and a de-

scription of a new variety (Grylloblattidae) . Trans. Am. Ent. Soc.,

Vol. 57, pp. 291-295, 5 figs.

Strand, A. L., 1937. Twenty-sixth Report of State Entomolo-

gist. Mont. Expt. Stat. Bull., 333, 39 pp.

Walker, E. M., 1914. A new species of Orthoptera, forming a

new genus and family. Can. Ent., Vol. 46, pp. 93-99, 7 figs.

Same, 1919. On the male and immature state of Grylloblatta

campodeiformis Walker. Can. Ent., Vol. 51, pp. 131-139, figs. 1-5.

Same, 1922. The terminal structures of orthopteroid insects:

a phylogenetic study. Pt. II. Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., Vol. 15, pp.

1-89, 109 figs.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE

Fig. 1. Grylloblatta campodeiformis occidentalis Silvestri, lat-

eral view of apex of female abdomen; Fig. 2. Galloisiana nipponen-

sis (Caudell and King), lateral view of head; Fig. 3. Same, lateral

view of apex of male abdomen; Fig. 4. Same, dorsal view of pro-

notum; Fig. 5. Same, lateral view of posterior surface of right

front femur with associated trochanter and base of tibia; Fig. 6.

Same, lateral view of anterior surface of left hind femur with

associated trochanter and base of tibia; Fig. 7. Grylloblatta

sculleni, new species, dorsal view of pronotum; Fig. 8. Same, lat-

eral view of apex of female abdomen; Fig. 9. Same, lateral view

of head; Fig. 10. Same, lateral view of posterior surface of right

front femur with associated trochanter and base of tibia; Fig 11.

Same, lateral view of anterior surface of left hind femur with asso-

ciated trochanter and base of tibia.

EuDIAGOGUS FULCHER Fahr.

This attractive and well known weevil, whieh has previously

been reported only from Florida, Texas and Jalapa, Mexieo

(Hoge), has been taken in limited numbers at trap lights at

Calexico, Imperial Valley, California, August 23, 1937, by J. K.

Ellsworth. This extends its known distribution clear across our

southern border. It feeds on senna (Cassia occidentalis) in

Texas, according to Dwight Pierce. — Edwin C. Van Dyke.

Change of Name

Nodocion solaster, nom. nov. This name is proposed to re-

plaee Nodocion zelotoides Chamberlin (American Museum Novi-

tates, 1936, No. 853, p. 6) which is preoccupied by Nodocion

zelotoides Worley (Ann. Ent. Soe. Am., 1928, vol. 21, p. 621).

— Ralph V. Chamberlin.

OCT. 1937]

GURNEY— GRYLLOBLATTID^

171

11 .

172

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XIII, NO. 4

AN ANNOTATED LIST OF THE INSECTS, MOSTLY

COLEOPTERA, ASSOCIATED WITH JEFFREY

PINE IN LASSEN NATIONAL FOREST,

CALIFORNIA

BY W. HARRY LANGE, JR.

University of California, Berkeley

A complete study of the insect fauna of Jeffrey pine is a

very desirable goal as it would not only add considerably to

our knowledge of the life histories of these insects, but would

also aid in insect control work in those localities of California

where it is to be maintained for its valuable lumber or its aesthetie

value.

It is the purpose of this paper to present additional observa-

tions on insects associated with Jeffrey pine. The data was

recorded during the month of June 1935 near Camp No. 10,

Lassen National Forest, California, at altitudes between 5,500-

6,500 feet. A salvage operation in this area made the study

possible.

In the following list the insects are arranged in groups ac-

cording to the part of the tree attacked; the Coleoptera follow

the systematic arrangement of Leng’s Catalogue.

I wish to express my appreciation to Dr. Edwin C. Van Dyke

for many suggestions during the preparation of this paper, and

for checking the determinations of the Coleoptera. Dr. F. E.

Blaisdell, Sr. kindly determined the species of Corticeus, and

Professor E. 0. Essig the Aphididae.

Primary Insects Under Bark of Main Trunk or Branches

Melanophila gentilis Lee. Main trunk, usually near base; maxi-

mum number of pupae June 13; adults June 10-21; single gen-

eration a year, overwintering in pre-pupal state, pupating in

spring; numerous; a “fill-in’^ species in this locality.

Melanophila calif ornica Van Dyke. Upper trunk and larger

branches; pre-pupal larvae and pupae June 12; adults June

13-21; life cycle as in M. gentilis', with Ips oregoni (Eich.)

causing top killing.

Dendroctonus jeffreyi Hopk. Throughout main bole; in associa-

tion usually with other bark-beetles, especially Ips emargina-

tiis (Lee.); full-grown larvae June 6; pupae June 15; consid-

erable overlapping of broods; numerous.

Dendroctonus valens Lee. Base of bole; full-grown larvae and

pupae June 12; fairly abundant as a “fill-in” species.

OCT. 1937]

LANGE— JEFFREY PINE INSECTS

173

Ips emarginatus (Lee.) Throughout main bole; maximum number

of larvae June 15 (1935 attack) ; very numerous; usually found

associated with other bark-beetles, but “pure” attacks occur.

Ips oregoni (Eich.) Upper bole and larger branches; parent

adults, eggs, and small larvae June 15; pupae June 20; very

abundant and serious as a top killer in association with

Melanophila calif ornica Van Dyke.

Secondary Insects Under Bark of Main Trunk or Branches

Chrysohothris caurina Horn. Adults from reproduction; June 18;

few.

Chrysohothris purpurifrons Mots. Adults from reproduction or

attracted to slash; June 14; common.

Chrysohothris dentipes (Germ.) Main limbs and logs at landings;

adults June 10-27; June 13, pupae and new adults found in

large limb; very numerous.

Stephanopachys pacificus Csy. Bark of dying trees; adults June 5;

few.

Rhagium lineatum Oliv. Under bark, main trunk; adults June

10-17; common.

Callidium cicatricosum Mann. Main bole; adults June 4-19; rare.

Pissodes yosemite Hopk. Adults from reproduction; June 14; few.

Gelus calif ornicus (Lee.) Under bark; adults June 6-14; very

common.

Hylurgops suhcostulatus Mann. Bases of recently killed trees;

June 17, eggs found laid in masses in egg grooves arising

from the sides of the longitudinal burrow; adults June 17-19;

fairly common.

Hylastes macer Lee. Under bark, main trunk; adults June 12;

few.

Ips latidens Lec. Smaller limbs, with Ips oregoni (Eich.) ; adults

June 8-14; fairly common.

Orthotomicus ornatus Sw. Smaller limbs, usually associated with

other engraving beetles; adults June 4; few.

In Wood of Trunk or Branches

Chrysophana placida (Lec.) Main bole; adult June 12; one speci-

men.

Chalcophora angulicollis (Lec.) Dying or dead trees; adults at-

tracted to logs at landings; June 5-21; very common.

Dicerca sexualis Cr. Adults attracted to logs at landings; June

8-14; numerous.

Dicerca tenehrosa Lec. Adults attracted to logs at landings; June

10; few.

Chrysohothris calif ornica Lec. One adult female taken attracted

to felled log at landing; June 27.

174

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XIII, NO. 4

Asemum atrum Esch. Adults resting on trunk; June 17; few.

Liasemum mokelumne Csy. Adults on bark of main trunk; June

8-21; commonest cerambycid on both ponderosa and Jeffrey

pines.

Monochamus maculosus Hald. Adults resting on trunk; pupae and

first adults June 15; common.

Cossonus ponderosss Van Dyke. Under bark, at base of dead tree;

adults June 11; few.

Rhyncolus oregonensis Horn. Under bark, base of bole, dead

tree; adults June 11; few.

Gnathotrichus retusus (Lee.) Sap-heartwood at base of bole, dying

trees; adults in burrows June 6; common.

Xylehorus scopulorum Hopk. Base of dead trees; adults June 6;

fairly common.

Attacking Smaller Limbs or Twigs

Emobius sp. Adults beaten from staminate catkins; June 14; few.

CalUdium hirtellum Lec. Dead limbs; June 10-14; common.

Pogonocherns propinquus Fall. Limbs; adults June 3; few.

Magdalis cuneiformis Horn. Foliage; adults June 14; common.

Magdalis lecontei Horn. Beaten from foliage; adults June 8-14;

very common.

Cinara schwarzii (Wilson). Aphis infesting small lateral branches

of reproduction; June 13 few winged forms, mostly apterous;

June 19 many winged forms; another Cinara sp. found on

ponderosa pine; common on cut-over areas.

Defoliators

Diahelonyx crotchi Horn. Foliage; adults June 12; common.

Dichelonyx vicina (Fall). Foliage; adults June 12-14; common.

Glyptoscelis sequoise Blais. Foliage; adults June 14; few.

Scythropus calif ornicus Horn. Foliage; adults June 10-14; very

common.

Diprion sp. Larvae of this sawfly very commonly collected on

needles of reproduction; larvae during June.

Feeding on Staminate Catkins

The following species were taken June 14 by beating the

foliage and staminate catkins. They are not necessarily connected

with this host, as some were attracted by the source of food.

Listrus sp. Common.

Asclera excavata Lec. Few.

Adelocera rorulenta Lec. One specimen.

Limonius nitidulus Horn. Very common.

Ludius triundulus tigrinus Fall. Very common.

Ludius seneipennis (Kby.). Common.

OCT. 1937]

LANGE— JEFFREY PINE INSECTS

175

Ludius inflatus (Say.) Common.

Elater phcenicopterus Germ. Common.

Elater bimaculatus Van Dyke. Few.

Eronyxa pilosulus (Cr.) Common.

Scymnus ardelio Horn. Few.

Hippodamia apicalis Csy. One specimen.

Adalia frigida (Schn.) One specimen.

Cleis picta (Rand.) Common.

Stenochidus cyanescens carhonarius Schffr. One specimen.

Platydema oregonense Lee. One specimen.

Anoplodera chrysocoma (Kby.) Common.

Leptaemseops hasalis (Lee.) Very common.

Rhinomacer comptus Lee. Common.

Associated With Polyporus Volvatus

Epursea monogama Cr. Adults of this nitidulidi collected within

the sporophores; several found togetiher; common.

Predacious Insects

Nudobius pugetanus Csy. Burrows of bark-beetles; adults June

6-12; common.

Phlceonomus pusillus Grav. Burrows of bark-beetles; adults June

6-12; common.

Platysoma punctigerum Lee. Under bark, usually associated with

bark-beetle galleries; adults June 4; fairly common.

Plegaderus nitidus Horn. Under bark; adults June 4; common.

Enoclerus sphegeus (Fab.) Adults on bark; June 4-11; common.

Thanasimus lecontei (Wole.) Adults on bark; June 11; not as

common as on ponderosa pine.

Othnius lugubris Horn. Adults active on bark; June 6-8; common.

Temnochila virescens chlorodia (Mann.) Adults in crevices of

bark; larvse among frass of wood boring Coleoptera; larvae

and adults June 4; fairly common.

Tenebrioides sp. Under bark, dead trees; adults June 4; fairly

common.

Ostoma oregonensis Schaef. Under bark, dead trees; June 10;

few.

Lasconotus bitomoides Kraus. Burrows of Ips oregoni (Eich.) ;

adults June 12; few.

Aulonium longum Lee. Burrows of Dendroctonus and Ips sp.;

adults during June; common.

Deretaphrus oregonensis Horn. Crevices of bark or under bark,

base of bole; June 11-12; fairly common.

Corticeus (Hypophlcsus) substriatus (Lee.) Burrows of bark-

beetles and other wood boring Coleoptera; dying or dead

trees; adults June 4-5; numerous.

Bins estriatus Lee. Under bark; adults June 4; few.

176

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XIII, NO. 4

GENERIC CHARACTERISTICS OF AONIDIELLA BERLESE

AND LEONARDI, AND A DESCRIPTION OF A NEW

SPECIES FROM AUSTRALIA (HOMOPTERA-

DIASPIDID^)^

BY HOWARD L McKENZIE

University of California Citrus Experiment Station

Aonidiella has for many years been aceepted by the Italian

eocciidologists as a valid genus. In 1921 MaeGillivary (3)' ap-

parently eoneurred, although it was not until 1933 that Nel (5)

stressed this point to the extent that the name was at least par-

tially aecepted by Ameriean entomologists. The genus is im-

portant because the California red scale, Aonidiella aurantii

(Mask.) is the type species. As early as 1899 Cockerell (2)

placed Aonidiella as a sub-genus of Chrysomphalus, although he

gave no reason for this change. Since then economic workers

have consistently placed aurantii in the genus Chrysomphalus.

Although there has been much argument about the genus

Aonidiella, apparently no attempt has been made to define it.

In the original description of this genus in 1895 by Berlese and

Leonardi (1), mention was made of the kidney-shaped body.

The almost circular enlargement and sclerotization of the body

of the adult female at maturity does seem to be fairly characteris-

tic. This character alone would tend to separate it from

Chrysomphalus where the pygidium is never so strongly re-

tracted into the body. The paraphyses of the Aonidiella species

are, in all cases examined, very short, slender, and small as

compared with the more pronounced type of paraphyses in

Chrysomphalus. The absence of the perivulvar pores was con-

sidered of importance for many years, and, as a matter of fact,

if the species lacked these structures, they were usually assigned

to Aonidiella, regardless of any other character. However, in

view of the fact that Aonidiella comperei McKenzie and the new

species described in this report, as well as Aonidiella orientalis

(Newstead), all possess perivulvar pores, very little importance

can be given this structure as a generic character. The epiphysis

or outgrowth upon the margin of the pygidium just beyond the

^ Paper No. 371, University of California Graduate School of Tropical Agri-

culture and Citrus Experiment Station, Riverside, California.

- Numbers in parentheses indicate references at end of article.

OCT. 1937]

MCKENZIE— AONIDIELLA

177

third pair of lobes is usually very well developed. The presence

of the fenestrations (window-like structures) on the body just

above the pygidium (as is recognized in comperei, the new

species described in this report, and occasionally present in a

few individuals of taocus) may be of some importance in dis-

tinguishing species, but apparently is not of generic significance.

The tubular ducts are long, slender, and usually very broad,

especially those feeding the gland openings situated near the

median lobes. In every species of Aonidiella examined, with

the exception of orientalis, the body of the mature female is in-

timately associated with the scale covering.

Aonidiella eremocitri McKenzie, n. sp.

This species was collected by S. E. Flanders of this Station,

while he was exploring for parasites of the citricola scale,

Coccus pseudomagnolarium (Kuwana), in Australia, in 1931.

The description was made from 12 stained specimens mounted

on one slide and three scales glued to the side of the coverglass.

This represented the only specimens of this species. No male

scales were present. The stained specimens were removed and

placed two on each slide.

Type. From Eremocitrus glauca, Marmor, Queensland, Aus-

tralia.

Habitat. Occurring on the leaves, twigs, and larger branches.

Scale of female smooth, circular, flat, yellow, hard, and brittle,

1% to 1% mm. in diameter. Male scale not identified. Appar-

ently all species of Aonidiella thus far known, however, do have

male scales of the typical elongate type.

Morphological characteristics: Adult female, when mounted,

about 1 mm. in diameter and of the typical reniform shape. Body

heavily sclerotized. Pygidium (fig. 1) not heavily sclerotized.

Three pair of lobes (trullse) present, the median pair only slightly

larger than the second and third pairs. The second and third

pair of lobes approximately the same size. Paraphyses small,

short, slender, arranged as follows: One at the inner basal angle

of median pair of lobes; one almost directly above the first plate

beyond the median lobes; one at each basal angle of the second

pair of lobes, the inner longer; one directly above the first plate

beyond the second pair of lobes; and one at each basal angle at

the third pair of lobes, the inner the longer. There are two ser-

rate plates between the median lobes; two between the median

and second lobes, both of which are cleft; two between the sec-

178

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yOL. XIII, NO. 4

ond and third lobes, the inner plate of which is deeply cleft; and

three beyond the third lobe, all of which are deeply cleft and

quite sharply dentate. Epiphysis beyond the last three plates

well developed and conspicuous. Spines on py^dial fringe situated

as shown in figure 1. Dorsal wax g^nd openings large and ar-

ranged in three rather definite rows on each side of the pygidium.

Tubular ducts broad and conspicuous. Anal opening large, slightly

cephalad, of the median paraphyses. Ventral side with a few

small ducts situated close to the margin of the pygidium. Vaginal

opening near the center of the pygidium. Perivulvar pores pres-

ent in four groups, of apparently not more than three pores,

usually two, to each group. Spines on the venter situated as

shown in figure 1. Six square fenestrations situated dorsally on

the body just above the pygidium, usually conspicuous (see fig.

1, E).

Of the species known to me this most closely resembles the

false yellow scale, Aonidiella com per ei McKenzie, from which

it differs chiefly by the presence of four groups of perivulvar

pores on the pygidium instead of only two groups. Aonidiella

eremocitri n. sp. may be separated from comperei, citrina, and

orientalis, as well as from taxus, and aurantii, by the following

key:

Key to the Six Species of Aonidiella

1. Perivulvar pores present, 2

... Perivulvar pores absent, 3

2. Perivulvar pores in two groups, comperei McKenzie

... Perivulvar pores in four groups, eremocitri n. sp.

... Perivulvar pores in five groups, orientalis (Newst.)

3. Sclerotized structures A® on ventral part of pygidium pres-

ent 4

Sclerotized structures A absent taxus Leon.

4. Sclerotized structures B on ventral part of pygidium present;

structure A globular, fourth lobe-like process usually incon-

spicuous, aurantii (Mask.)

... Sclerotized structures B absent, an irregular fold present,

structure A usually narrow and elongate; fourth lobe-like

process usually prominent, citrina (Coq.)

The type specimen and paratypes of this species are deposited

in the U. S. National Museum, at Washington, D. C. ; the re-

mainder of the paratypes are in the Stanford University collec-

tion and the Citrus Experiment Station collection at Riverside,

California.

® The reader is referred to item four in the bibliography where these struc-

tures are clearly illustrated and described.

OCT. 1937]

MCKENZIE— AONIDIELLA

179

Aonidiella eremocitri n. sp.

A, antenna of first stage; B, spiracle of adult female; G, scale

of female; D, antenna of adult female; E, enlargement of fenes-

tration on body; F, general features of adult female; G, pygidium

of adult female; H, dorsal aspect of detail of pygidial margin

of adult female; I, ventral aspect of same.

180

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XIII, NO. 4

References

1. Berlese, A., and G. Leonard!, 1895. Le Cocciniglie italiane

viventi sugli agrumi., Ill, I Diaspiti. Riv. Patol. Veget.,

4:74-179, 195-292.

2. Cockerell, T. D. A., 1899. First supplement to the check-list

of the Coccidae. Illinois State Lab. Nat. Hist., Bui.

5:389-398.

3. MacGillivray, A. D., 1921. The Coccidae. 502 pp. Scarab Co.,

Urbana, Illinois

4. McKenzie, H. L., 1937. Morphological differences distinguish-

ing California red scale, yellow scale, and related species.

Univ. Calif. Bui. in Ent., 6(13) :323-336, 4 figs., pi. 14.

5. Nel, R. G., 1933. A comparison of Aonidiella aurantii and

Aonidiella citrina, including a study of the internal anatomy

of the latter. Hilgardia, 7:417-466.

A NEW NOTONECTA FROM MEXICO

(Hemiptera-Notonectidae) *

BY H. B. HUNGERFORD

Lawrence, Kansas

Among the insects collected by Mr. Henry Thomas in Mexico

during the season of 1936 there is a new species of the genus

Notonecta which I describe below and name in honor of the

collector.

Notonecta thomasi Hungerford, n. sp.

Size: Length 12 mm. to 13 mm.; width of pronotum, 3.9 mm.

to 4.2 mm.

Color: Grayish and black, the lighter portion of the hemelytra

ranging from pale smoke-gray in most of the males to light pinkish

cinnamon in four of the five female in the series before me. No

doubt, the gray color of the hemelytra may be orange in some

specimens of the species, as is the case with Notonecta hoffmanni

Hungerford and various other species of the subgenus Erythro-

necta, to which this new species belongs. The hemelytra of the

males are more or less infuscated along the hemelytral suture,

the clavo-corial union and the lateral half of the corium; the

brownish black marginal area of the corium is broadened behind

and joins the black membrane which is pale at the apex. The

hemelytra of the females are infuscated only along the costal

margin. Head, pronotum, and legs grayish. Scutellum black.

♦Contribution from the Department of Entomology, University of Kansas.

HUNGERFORD— A NEW NOTONECTA

181

Membrane of hemelytra from dusky to black. All trochanters and

femora streaked beneather with black.

Structural characteristics : More slender than any other of the

known species of the submenus Erythronecta. Head not con-

spicuously enlarged; vertex plainly longer than its anterior width;

anterior margin of vertex less convex than the frontal margin

of the eye; anterior breadth of vertex :synthlisis :: 3.4:1. Length

of head: length of pronotum :: 1:1.35. Lateral margin of pro-

notum nearly straight, slightly divergent, explanate on anterior

half, anterior lateral angles right-angulate as seen from above;

lateral ledge with ends depressed, anterior end abruptly so. An-

terior lobe of membrane of hemelytra larger and longer than pos-

terior lobe. Anterior trochanter of male without hook. Meso-

trochanters rounded. Carina of fourth abdominal sternite bare;

penultimate abdominal sternite of female shaped more like that

of N. undulata Say than like that of other species of the sub-

genus Erythronecta, but shallowly notched at tip. The last abdo-

minal sternite of female and the male genital capsule are as shown

in text figures below.

Female venter

Male capsule

Notone eta thomasi

Location of types’. Holotype, allotype and paratypes in the

Francis Huntington Snow Entomological Museum of the Uni-

versity of Kansas. Described from seven males and five females

labeled as follows: “Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. Oct. 17,

1934. H. D. Thomas.”

Comparative notes'. More slender than any other species of

the subgenus Erythronecta known at present. The species is

like N. Hoffmanni Hungerford in having the lateral margins of

182

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XIII, NO. 4

pronotum straight but they are less divergent. In the new species

the anterior end of the lateral margin of the pronotum is turned

down. This is not true of N. hoffmajini. The male claspers are

very different and the penultimate ventral abdominal segment

of the female is relatively broad and therefore very different

from N. hoffmanni.

STUDIES AMONG THE COCCINELLIDAi:, No. 8

(COLEOPTERA)

BY F. W. NUNENMACHER

Piedmont, California

I have received two shipments of Coccinellidae from Dr. A.

Ogloblin of Argentina, South America. Among this material I

find three new species, as follows:

Stethorus ogloblini Nunenmacher, n. sp.

Form oval, subdepressed. Color black, shining; mouth parts,

tibiae and tarsi testaceous, femora black.

Head with a few scattered punctures. Pronotum densely and

rather coarsely punctured; punctures of the elytra coarser;

pubescence short and cinereous. Metacoxal plates short, not ex-

tending to the middle of the segrment. Length 1 mm.; width 0.75

mm.

Type, female, in my collection. Type locality: Loreto Misione,

Argentina, South America, Collected in 1936. A paratype in

the collection of Dr. A. Ogloblin.

Scymnus convexus Nunenmacher, n. sp.

Form oval, convex, Pronotal and elytral outline continuous.

Male: Color of head and pronotum light yellow, elytra fusco-

piceous, legs and ventral segments testaceous, mesosternum and

metasternum dark. Female: Head, pronotum and elytra fusco-

testaceous; pronotal front and sides a little lighter; the elytra

with a narrow dark margin; legs and ventral surface testaceous

throughout.

Head, pronotum and elytra densely, minutely punctured and

invested with a short, fine whitish pubescence. Ventral surface

minutely punctate. Length 1 mm.; width 0.75 mm. or slightly

more.

OCT. 1937]

NUNENMACHER— COCCINELLID.®

183

Holotype, male and allotype, female, in my collection. Type

locality: Est. Exp. Loreto, Argentina, taken March 6, 1936, by

Dr. A. Ogloblin, who has a paratype.

Convexus belongs to Group C, of Dr. Horn’s table of species

which have the metacoxal line curving but not making a full

arc.

Delphastus ARGENTINICUS Nunenmacher, n. sp.

Form broadly oblong-oval, moderately convex. Color deep

black, highly polished and subglabrous.

Male: Head and anterior angles of the pronotum, legs and last

four ventral segments rufescent; epipleurae black. Female: Head

and pronotum black, with only the mouth-parts rufescent.

Head and pronotum with minute sparse punctures, those of

the elytra still more widely spaced. Length 1.3 mm.; width 1 mm.

Type locality: Bella Vista Prov. Corriet, Argentina, June

14, 1936. A. M. B. collector. Argentina.

Type, male, in my collection. Two paratypes in the collec-

tion of Dr. A. Ogloblin.

Argentinicus comes close to sonoricus Casey, but the black

epipleurae will separate it from the latter species, in which the

epipleurae are rufescent.

Scymnus quercus described by me in the Pan-Pacific Ento-

mologist, vol. X, p. 18, will have to be given a new name, as I

overlooked Scymnus quercus Muls. (Securipalpes, p. 982, 1850.

I now give my species the name maderi nom. nov.

If your subscription expires with this issue you will find en-

closed a notice of this fact printed on a self-addressed envelope.

To subscribers who make use of this simple device without

waiting to receive the conventional bill, the Publication Com-

mittee extends its special thanks, as the saving in postage, sta-

tionery, etc., is a vital item at this time when every economy is

necessary.

184

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XIII, NO. 4

CONCERNING THE PLEBEJUS ICARIOIDES RASSENKREIS

( Lepidopter a : Ly caenidae )

BY WILLIAM HOVANITZ

University of California, Berkeley

The western part of North America, due to its diverse topog-

raphy and climatic conditions,^ is a region of many barriers to

animal migration. Because of this a species ( Rassenkreis ) may

develop several races geographically close together. This necessi-

tates, in working out a scheme of geographical variation, a

knowledge of the exact type locality of each “species” or race

previously described. As is well known, this was an insignificant

part of early-day writings due to a different concept of the species,

in consequence of which there is still some doubt as to the cor-

rect interpretation of names proposed. The names must be ap-

plied to those races which best fulfill the author’s description

and type locality, and, if the type specimen can be positively

identified, must agree with the type. However, when a descrip-

tion can apply to specimens of more than one race, when the

type (if such ever existed) is lost, and when no exact locality

is given, the only course possible is to place that name as a

synonym of the original name applied to the Rassenkreis with-

out regard to race.

The Rassenkreis, Plebejus icarioides (Bdv.), occupies the entire

continent of North America west of the Central Great Plains

region. In this area it has developed numerous divergent races,

some more differentiated than others. Some variation, no doubt,

is directly caused by climatic conditions under which the butter-

flies live. Most races follow rather closely the life-zone areas

on the western exposures of the mountain ranges whilst in arid

regions, races seem to have little to do with altitude. However,

before real distributional work can be done much more infor-

mation must be gained and collections with better data made.

Plebejus icarioides icarioides (Bdv.)

Lycsena icarioides Bdv. 1852. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 21:297.

Boisduval (1869) states that Lorquin collected his Califor-

nian material somewhere between San Francisco and the moun-

^ Authors consistently use this as a basis for genetic differentiation, as if

differing climatic conditions by its direct effect genetically changes the heredity

of an organism. The inheritance of acquired characters is, of course, not accepted.

OCT. 1937]

HOVANITZ— PLEBEJUS

185

tains to the east and in northern California. He mentions the

placer mining areas in the “Juba” mountains which are the foot-

hills of the central Sierra Nevada. In the description of this

particular species he states that the specimens are from the moun-

tains. At the time Lorquin was in California the only areas open

in the mountains were these “Juba” mining areas and the Truckee

and Placerville roads to Lake Tahoe and Nevada. Specimens

collected today between 2000 and 4000 feet elevation (between

Transition and Upper Sonoran life-zones) along either of these

roads or in the “Juba” mountains agree with the report given of

the type by McDunnough (1914) as well as a report he has com-

municated to me. Specimens from higher elevations show the

tendency toward the orange margins on the upper side of the

wings mentioned by McDunnough as being present on several

specimens (females) examined. Other specimens mentioned by

him as having the black spots on the under side nearly obsolete

are more typical of those which fly at higher elevations and ap-

proach the Nevada race ardea Edws. Although unfortunately I

have been unable to refer to the figure of the type (more exactly

a cotype) shown by Oberthiir nor to the types said to be in the

U. S. National Museum, because of the convincing information

of the type locality and the agreement of the description with

specimens taken at that locality, I place the type locality of the

race icarioides (Bdv.) as : 2000-4000 feet El Dorado and Nevada

counties, California. It is to be noted that Lorquin might very

well have collected specimens of the race ardea (Edws.) (those

in which the spots are nearly obsolete) : all of which Boisduval

classed as his types.

Plebejus icarioides pardalis (Behr)

Lycsena pardalis Behr 1867. Proc. Calif. Acad. Nat. Sci., 3:279

The description of this race being in Latin is rather short

but to the point. The male is blue and the female entirely brown.

It is figured in Holland (1931) and Comstock (1927) as mari-

CO pa Reakirt. The types were destroyed in the San Francisco

fire of 1906 and no figures of them exist. The type locality,

however, makes its identity undoubted. Behr (1867) writes,

“The only habitat of this species yet known to me is in the Contra

Costa Coast Range, in the vicinity of San Antonio, where it fre-

quents steep, grassy hillsides”. The Contra Costa Coast Range

186

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XIII, NO. 4

is a name used in the early days of California for the Berkeley

and Oakland hills facing San Francisco on the west (Contra

Costa means “on the other side”, that is, on the other side of the

hay from San Francisco), San Antonio is the name of a very

early settlement situated just to the south of San Antonio Creek

(now Lawe Merritt) in the center of the present city of Oakland.

The hills to the east are those referred to, now covered hy the city.

Typical specimens may still he obtained a few miles to the south

in the Redwood Peak region or to the north in the Berkeley hills.

Barnes and McDunnough’s (1916) figure of a specimen from

Sonoma County seems typical but is north of the type locality.

For the interpretation of Behr’s geographical locations I am in-

debted to Prof. Edwin C. Van Dyke of the University of Cali-

fornia.

Plebejus MARICOPA (Reakirt)

Lycaena maricopa Reakirt 1866. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil.

1866:245.

Reakirt’s description is very important. The first paragraph

follows: “Male. Upper side brown, glossed with violet blue, a

narrow terminal line along the outer margins; a black discal

bar on the primaries, sometimes wanting, and some obsolete

rounded spots on the hind margin of the secondaries. Fringe

ash colored.” Also part of the second paragraph: “. . . three

transverse maculate bands; the first composed of eight large

rounded black spots, , . .”. From this I deduce the following:

1. The description is of a female as none of the Plebejince

are known with males brown on the upper side.

2. “ . . . a black discal bar on the primaries, sometimes

wanting” could only mean that he had more than one specimen

to draw his description from and possibly more than one race.

Also in the last sentence of the second paragraph of his descrip-

tion he says, “. . . and the seventh spot of the first and second

rows are sometimes confluent.” Obviously he was describing

a variable series of specimens.

3. The “type” specimen in the Strecker collection does not

have any blue or violet-blue gloss or suffusion on its upper sur-

face (Barnes and McDunnough 1916) and therefore, although

it may have been in Reakirt’s series of specimens, because of its

OCT. 1937]

HOVANITZ— PLEBEJUS

187

disagreement with the description and for other reasons as stated

by Barnes and McDunnough it cannot be designated the type.

4. The type locality “California” is of little value except

that a study of Reakirt’s travels in the state might enlighten the

subject. He is supposed to have collected from the vicinity of

Los Angeles through the Sierra Nevada foothills (at that time

busy with mining activities) to Sacramento (Essig 1931). How-

ever, there is some doubt as to whether he collected in the state

at all. In the Tehachapi (Comstock 1927) he might have obtained

the specimen now in the Strecker collection. Here also he might

have gotten the name maricopa from the town by that name in

Kern County.

5. Therefore, as no valid type exists, as no type locality is

known, and as the description is too poor to adequately place

the name other than as some form of icarioides with large spots

(of which several exist), the name maricopa Reakirt must be

considered a synonym of icarioides Bdv. and pardalis Behr must

be removed from the synonymy of maricopa^

Plebejus icarioides missionensis Hovanitz, new race

Size identical with P. pheres (Bdv.).® Upper surface of

wings: Male, identical with pheres \ blue with black border and

white fringes; anal angle and body clothed with white hair.

Female, identical with pheres except for the slightly greater re-

striction of the blue towards the base of the wings; marginal

row of black or slightly blue spots at lower end of outer margin

of secondaries. Under side: Male and female almost identical;

ground color of a darker shade than in pheres ; two rows of black

spots on both primaries and secondaries, those on primaries much

the same as in pheres but outer row darker; secondaries differ-

ing from pheres in having inner row of spots round, black and

encircled with white; outer row smaller and not encircled with

white.

Missionensis differs from pheres (Bdv.) in having black in-

stead of white spots on the under side secondaries, from pardalis

® In weighing evidence for the correct interpretation of names, I place of

greatest importance locality and secondly description. Evidence of a type speci-

men I give due consideration. The reasons for this I believe are obvious : Type

specimens may be mislabelled or mixed, etc., descriptions are not always accurate

and may have been drawn from a few atypical specimens of the race.

®This combination, I believe, is new in print. Plebejus icarioides pheres

(Bdv.).

188

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[vOL. XIII, NO. 4

(Behr) in having smaller black spots and with a blue suffusion

in the female, from icarioides (Bdv.) in having greater hairiness

of the body and wings, in the different shade of blue and in its

smaller average size, and from moroensis Sternitzky in having

larger black spots on the under side of secondaries. No gene-

talic study has yet been made of these races.

Holotype $ (No. 4526, C.A.S., Ent.) Twin Peaks, San Fran-

cisco, Calif. Elevation 700 ft. April 10, 1934. Collected by the

author. Placed in the collection of the Calif. Acad. Sci. Allo-

type $ (No. 4527, C.A.S. Ent.). Same locality, date and dis-

position made. Paratypes. None designated but the author will

furnish determined topotypicals.

We have found that the type locality of P. icarioides (Bdv.)

is the central Sierra Nevada foothills of approximately 3000-4000

feet elevation. This, therefore, restricts the above name to that

certain montane race of the Rassenkreis. The same author named

another butterfly pheres, which differed by having white spots on

the secondaries instead of black, and which was taken in San

Francisco. Also in San Francisco is found a race differing from

both of these and which apparently does not have a name. This

I have described above as Plehejus icarioides missionensis

Hovanitz.

P. i. pheres (Bdv.) is found on the sand-dunes of western San

Francisco on, or in relation with, the larval food-plant, Lupinus

chamissonis Esch. No other locality is known. P. i. missionensis

Hovanitz flies in a different but contiguous area to the east,

being abundant on the Twin Peaks and Mission District hills of

the city, in areas where Lupinus variicolor Steud. is found. It

thus occupies a region between pheres and pardalis but cannot

be considered a transition or intergrade. All these races agree

with Jordan’s Law in that they occur in different but adjacent

areas; and, it is also of interest to note that the larval food plant,

and climatic conditions of each are different. The writer realizes

that because of lack of definite knowledge of intergradation,

some authors might wish these to remain as separate species;

however, whether one wishes to call them species or subspecies,

they are at least different races and for matter of convenience

the trinomial had better be used. Because of the differing cur-

rent usage of the terms species and subspecies, the author be-

OCT. 1937]

HOVANITZ— PLEBEJUS

189

lieves the following two old terms deserve greater use in desig-

nating these concepts: 1. Race to be used for the only taxonomic

category recognizable in nature; this is identical with what has

been called the subspecies. 2. Rassenkreis to designate the con-

nected series of races which by some is called the species. Both

of these are old terms whose meanings have not become warped.

The former is known to all. The latter is finding much greater

use in America of late although it has been used in Europe (Ger-

many) for some time. The species-subspecies terminology im-

plies that the species is a definite category from which various

geographical variants (subspecies) have arisen and which by

isolation in space and time will become species. Any subspecies

must intergrade with some other subspecies or it is elevated to

specific rank. The Rassenkreis (racial circle) terminology does

not imply any origin of a species for this still seems to be a

debatable question. It is merely a connected series of related

races, many of which may be isolated so that intergradation can

not take place and does not imply that races are incipient species

(Rassenkreis). However, some writers go so far as to say that

the Rassenkreis is definite in nature and that racial variation

occurs only within this unit. Two other terms have sometimes

been used, complex and exerge; the former referring to a closely

related group of races and, in many cases, obviously mean-

ing a Rassenkreis, and the latter referring to a geographical

branch of a racial circle produced by straight-line migration.

Use of the former should be avoided as it has no definite mean-

ing but the latter (exerge) is a good term to use in describing

geographical distribution.

Literature Cited

Barnes, W. & J. H. McDunnough, 1916. Cont. Lepid. N. Am.,

3:113.

Behr, H., 1867. Proc. Calif. Acad. Nat. Sci., 3:279

Boisduval, J. A., 1852. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 21:297

Boisduval, J. A., 1869. Ann. Soc. Ent. Beige, 12:61.

Comstock, J. A., 1927. Butterflies of California, 186, flg.

Essig, E. 0., 1931. A History of Entomology, 737.

Holland, W. J., 1931. Butterfly Book, fig.

McDunnough, J. H., 1914. Ent. Rec., 26:198-200.

Oberthur, C., 18 — . Etudes Lep. Comp. (Not available to me.)

Reakirt, Tryon, 1866. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 1866:245.

190

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XIII, NO. 4

A NEW SPECIES OF VALGUS AND A NEW GENERIC

RECORD FOR MEXICO

( Colleoptera-Scarbaeidae )

BY MONT A. CAZIER

University of California

Valgus mexicanus Cazier, new species

Small, robust, flattened, black, sparsely squamose. Head nar-

row, shallowly excavated between the eyes, sparsely clothed with

small erect squamse, each squama arising from a small elevated

pore which is surrounded by a shallow circular or lunate groove;

clypeus feebly notched in center of anterior margin; antennse

nine-segmented, club longer than funicle. Pronotum longer than

broad, gradually deflexed from apical third, widest at base,

gradually narrowing to front, lateral margins bluntly serrate,

posterior margin evenly rounded, middle carinae prominent, not

acute, impression at basal third shallow; apical two- thirds sparsely

covered with circular or lunate grooves, basal grooves forming

striations that rotate outward from mid base of disc; sparsely

clothed with narrow, black squamae on carinae, raised portions of

disc and lateral edges; outer angles and posterior and anterior

margins with small groups of large, flattened, white squamae.

Elytra short, flattened, basal margin concave, humeral umbone

prominent, connected to the prominent apical umbone by a ridge,

middle of disc with several smooth, narrow bands, striations irregu-

lar, formed by series of connected lunate grooves, lateral grooves

both lunate and circular, separated; large, flat, white squamae

confined to center of disc forming an irregular line down sutural

third from base to apical umbone; narrow, erect, black squamae

sparsely scattered over entire surface. First visible abdominal

segment with a prominent tubercle on posterior edge at lateral

extremity; entire surface moderately clothed with narrow, erect,

black squamae and large, white, flattened squamae, each pore sur-

rounded by a circular groove; pygidium evenly rounded at sides,

with small flattened, slightly concave section at extreme apical

tip, clothed with scales and sculptured as in first visible segment

except that the margins are lined with narrow, white squamae

which are rather dense at apical extremity. Beneath, body and

legs, moderately clothed with white, broad and slender squamae,

separated from each other by their own lengths; anterior half of

gena densely clothed with large, flat, white squamae, posterior por-

tion bare or with a few scattered scales, sculptured as on dorsal

surface; legs short, side margin of anterior tibia with two large

teeth separated by a smaller one; anterior tarsi with first seg-

ment one-half as long as second, two, three and four equal, five

slightly longer than four; middle tarsi with first four segments

OCT. 1937]

CAZIER— VALGUS

191

equal, five slightly longer; hind tarsi with first four segments

equal in length but with first more robust, second, third and fourth

becoming gradually smaller (not shorter) , fifth slightly longer than

fourth; claws simple. Length 4-5 mm.

Type locality, Orizaba Mexico, June, 1929, collected by G.

Trussel. Holotype male and three paratypes in the author’s col-

lection, one paratype in the collection of Hugh B. Leach, one in

the collection of L. W. Saylor and one in the collection of the

California Academy of Sciences.

This is the first record of this genus from Mexico or from

south of the United States and, although the species is distinct

in most of its characters including tarsi, thorax and pygidium,

from our four species, I do not think that it will be of any value

to erect a new genus or subgenus on the basis of these differences

as has been done in Europe. I have not recognized the sub-

genera Homovalgus and Acanthurus because they also are of little

value.

In the seven specimens before me there is little variation

except in the number of squamae present. The type specimen

has the maximum number in the series whereas some of the other

specimens are nearly devoid of all squamae on the dorsal sur-

face. In one specimen there are two tufts of scales in the center

of the first visible abdominal segment. This species is most

closely related to V. canaliculatus and V . seticollis of the United

States, being nearest to canaliculatus. It differs from cana-

liculatus by having the body very sparsely covered with squamae,

the posterior margin of prothorax evenly rounded, the presence

of the prominent tubercles on the first visible abdominal seg-

ment, the flattened tip of the pygidium, the tarsal character as

given in the key, and the black color. The only other black

species described from North America is V. californicus which

is much larger and differs by having the prothorax nearly square,

by the absence of the striae on prothorax, and by the characters

given in key.

Key to the North American species of Valgus

1. First segment of posterior tarsi slightly longer than second,

equal in length to fifth, mexicanus

... First segment of posterior tarsi as long as two and three com-

bined and from one and one-half to two times longer than

fifth, 2

192

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XIII, NO. 4

2. Sparsely clothed with narrow squamae, prothorax as broad

as long, 3

... Moderately to densely clothed with large flat squamae, pro-

thorax longer than broad, 4

3. Head deeply excavated between the eyes, black, calif ornicus

... Head flat between the eyes, brown, minutus

4. Ventral surface of abdominal segments covered with a dense

pad of squamae in center in male; disc of elytra elevated;

female with corneous process on pygidium, canaliculatus

... Ventral surface of abdominal segments sparsely clothed with

squamae in male; center of disc of elytra with elevated area;

female without corneous process on pygidium; lateral margins

of abdominal segments, first visible abdominal segment and

pygidium densely clothed with flat squamae, seticollis

I want to express my thanks to Dr. E. C. Van Dyke for his

assistance and to G. E. Bohart for testing the key.

A New Entomological Glossary

A Glossary of Entomology. By J. R. de la Torre Bueno

F.R.E.S. Lancaster, Penn., 1937. 8vo, 336 pages, IX plates.

Price $5.

While cited as a completely revised and rewritten e,dition of

“Smith’s Explanation of Terms Used in Entomology” this is in

fact a new work. It shows a great amount of patient research

that few would have the time or patience to bestow. A rough

estimate gives about 8,000 words that have been defined in a

brief but concise manner. The author’s treatment of the ques-

tion of “types” should do much to standardize that somewhat

involved subject. Much of the type terminology has developed

since my earlier work. Then all specimens used in founding

a species were types; later one was selected as the type and

all others were co-types. Such now are called paratypes and

the selected type is the holotype. Mr. Bueno’s explanation of

the terms subspecies, race and form should do much to stabilize

the nomenclature of some of our beginners of the younger gen-

eration who have not given this matter proper consideration.

One could go on indefinitely pointing out the importance

of a work such as this. Suffice it to say it is indespensible to

our younger students and scarcely less so to those more ex-

perienced. The two appendices giving Latin definitions and

arbitrary symbols will be found very useful, as will also the

nine plates for which there are full explanations. — E. P. Van

Duzee.

OCT. 1937]

INDEX TO VOLUME XIII

193

Acmseodera rossi Caz., 115.

Acrididae, 97.

Agabus lineellus Lee., note on,

84.

Agapostemon c. psammobius

Ckll., 150.

Alaska, Coleoptera, of, 63.

Andrena deserticola, Tmbl., 73.

flandersi Tmbl., 72.

linsleyi Tmbl., 71.

oenotherae Tmbl., 69.

porterae Ckll., 157.

Anthidium p. vanduzeei Ckll.,

150.

Anthophora c. erysimi Ckll., 150.

Aonidiella, key to, 178.

eremocitri McK., 177.

Aphididae, 46.

Argynnis skinneri Hind,, 60.

Arocera elongata Uhl., 25.

Asilidae, paper on, 37.

Atomosiella Wlex., 40.

antennata Bnks., 41.

Atonia duncani Wlex., 42.

Bailey, S. F., papers by, 89, 121.

Bees, 69, 75, 108, 148.

Bennaria, structure on, 31.

Biological Control, book on, 14.

Blaisdell, F. E., note by, 158.

Blaisdell, F. E., paper by, 95.

Blepharepium secabilis Wlkr.,

37.

Bohart, R. M., papers by, 49,

101 .

Bombus n, miguelensis Ckll.,

148.

c semisuffusus Ckll., 148.

Bruner, L., necrology, 68.

Bueno, J. R. Torre, book by,

192.

Callibaetis traverae Uphlt., 86.

Catacanthus eximius V.D., 27.

Cavariella pustula Essig, 46.

Cazier, M. A., papers by, 94,

115, 190.

Centronopus simplex Blsd., 95.

Chamberlain, R. V., note by, 170.

Chariesterus brevipennis V.D.,

28.

Ohlorotettix, synonymy of, 34.

Cicindela c. mojavi Caz., 116.

p. wagneri Caz., 117.

Cockerell, T. D. A., paper by,

148.

Coccinellidae, studies in, 182.

Coleoptera of Alaska, 63.

Collembola, paper on, 131.

Comantella, paper on, 61.

cristata Coq., 62.

rotgeri James, 61.

Cophura sculleni Wlex., 39.

Cross, F. C., paper by, 88.

Cryptocephalus cerinus Whit.,

111 .

c nevadensis Wht., 113.

s. vandykei Wht., 112.

Culture methods, rev., 114.

Dactuliothrips, key, 121.

boharti Bly., 122.

xerophilus Bly., 123.

Darmistus, key, 30.

crassicornis V.D., 28.

duncani, V.D., 29.

Dascillus davidsoni, 24.

DeLong, D. M., papers by, 32,

34.

Delphastus argentinicus Nmchr.,

183.

Deltocephalids, 32.

Dendrophilus tularensis Ross,

67.

Dorytomus nubiculinus Csy., 93.

Dracotettix, paper on, 97.

Duncan, J. B., paper by, 135.

Dyslobus squamipunctatus, 24.

Eccritosia zamon, Twns., 45.

Ehromenellus oregonensis Bkr.,

120 .

Elsea, J. E., note by, 57.

Ent. Sammlung, 147.

Entomobrya suzannae Scott, 132.

Epeo'lus eastwoodi Ckll., 149.

Epinotia keiferana Lange, 118.

johnsonana Kft., 48.

solandriana Linn., 48.

Essig, E. 0., paper by, 46.

Eudiagogus pulcher Fab., 170.

Fall, H. C., paper by, 145.

Fenyes collection, 144.

Fenyes, obituary, 145.

Flabellomicrosiphum, 127.

knowltoni Smith, 128.

tridentatae Wlsn., 127.

Flexamia prairiana DeL., 32.

Galloisiana, 161.

Gaurax, arane Coq., 58.

Grylloblatta, bionomics of, 57,

166.

bibliography of, 169.

sculleni Gurney, 164.

Grylloblattidae, key to, 160.

194

THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST

[VOL. XIII, NO. 4

Gurney, A. B., paper by, 159.

Gynacantha nervosa, binomics

of, 1.

Gyrinidae, notes on, 129.

Halictus cabrilli CklL, 155.

megastictus CklL, 152.

miguelensis CklL, 156.

perichlorus CklL, 153.

pilosicaudus CklL, 155.

punctiferellus CklL, 154.

Hatch, M. H., paper l3y, 63.

Henry, L. M., paper by, 137.

Hexagenia californica Uphlt., 85.

Hexepiolus L. & M., 77.

key to, 81.

mojavensis L. & M., 78.

rhodogyne L. & M., 80.

Hister, studies in, 106.

Historical material, 36.

Horn, W., Ent. Sammlung, 147.

Hovanitz, W., note by, 60.

Hovanitz., W., paper by, 184.

Hungerford, H. B., paper by,

180.

Idiocerus provancheri, V.D., 8.

James, M. T., paper by, 61.

Jeffrey pine insects, 172.

Jones coll, of Thysanoptera, 89.

Kessell, E. L., and E. B., paper

by, 58.

Laevicephalus pravus DeL., 34.

Lange, W. H., note by, 48.

Lange, W. H., papers by, 118,

172.

Latrodectus mactans, 58.

Lestomyia atripes Wlcx., 37.

Light, S. F., paper by, 15.

Linsley, E. G., notes by. 108.

Linsley, E. G., paper by, 75, 157.

McKenzie, H. L., paper by, 176.

Mayflies, 85.

Michener, C. D., paper by, 75.

Nodocion solaster ChmbL, 170.

zelotoides ChmbL, 170.

Notonecta thomasi Hngfd., 180.

Nunenmacher, F. W., paper by,

182.

Odynerus hidalgo, study of, 9.

Omus s. niger Caz., 94.

Pacific Coast Ent. Soc., Proc. of,

141.

Paranomada L. & M., 82.

nitida L. & M., 83.

Peribalus hirtus V.D., 25.

Philip, C. B., paper by, 64.

Phobetus saylori Caz., 116.

Plebeius icarioides Bdv., 184.

maricopa Rkt., 186.

missionensis Hvntz., 187.

ricei Cross, 88.

Polyamia dilata DeL., 33.

rossi DeL., 32.

Promachina pilosa Wlcx., 43.

Protepeolus L. & M., 75.

singularis L. & M., 76.

Pseudopatella Bhrt., 102.

mackayi Bhrt., 103.

Pseudoscorpions, 158.

Ross, E. S., papers by, 67, 106.

Sarnia gloveri, cross mating,

135.

Scott, D. B., paper by, 131.

Scymnus convexus Nmchr., 183.

Smith, C. F., paper by, 127.

Stethorus ogloblini Nmchr., 182.

Strepsiptera from Canada, 101.

Stylopization of Andrena, 157.

Stylops, key to, 49.

apicalis Bhrt., 54.

centroclarus Bhrt., 50.

duboisi Bhrt., 52.

elongatus Bhrt., 53.

heterocingulatus Bhrt., 55.

Sugden, J. W., paper by, 109.

Tabanidas, 64.

Tabanus eurycerus Philip, 66.

t. rubriciliatus Philip, 64.

Termites from Ceylon, 15.

Thysanoptera, Jones coll., 89.

Timberlake, P. H., paper by, 69.

Timena californica Scud., 137.

Ting, P. C., note by, 24.

Trapezonotus vandykei V.D., 30.

Tropea luna, cross mating, 135.

Upholt, W. M., paper by, 85.

Usinger, R. L., rev. by, 14.

Uvarov, B. P., paper by, 97.

Valgus, key to, 191.

mexicanus Czr., 190.

Vanessa cardui, flight of, 109.

Van Duzee, E. P., notes by, 8,

31, 68, 110, 114.

OCT. 1937]

INDEX TO VOLUME XIII

195

Van Duzee, E. P., papers by, 25,

120 .

Van Dyke, E. C., notes by, 93,

147, 170.

White, B. E., note by, 84.

White, B. E., paper by. 111.

Wilcox, G., paper by, 37.

Williams, F. X., papers by, 1,

129.

Xenylla helena Scott, 133.

THE

Pan -Pacific Entomologist

Published by the

Pacific Coast Entomological Society

In co-operation with

The California Academy of Sciences

VOLUME THIRTEEN

193 7

San Francisco, California

1937

CONTENTS OF VOLUME XIII

Bailey, Stanley F.,

The Jones Collection of Thysanoptera 89

The Genus Dactuliothrips Moulton 121

Blaisdell, Frank E., Sr.

A Third new species of Centronopus from California.... 96

Bohart, Richard M.,

A Preliminary Study of the Genus Stylops in Cali-

fornia, I 49

A New Genus and Species of Strepsiptera from Canada 101

Cazier, Mont A,,

A New California Omus 94

Four New California Coleoptera 115

A New Species of Valgus 190

Cockerell, T. D. A.,

Bees from San Miguel Island, California 148

Cross, Frank Clay,

A New Race of Plebeius 88

DeLong, Dwight M.,

Some New Deltocephaloid Leafhoppers from Illinois.... 32

The Genus Chlorotettix, Some Notes on Synonymy 34

Duncan, J, Bruce,

Notes on Cross Mating Involving Tropea luna and the

Genus Sarnia 135

Essig, E. 0.,

A Nev^ Aphid from California 46

Fall, H. C.,

Dr. Adalbert Fenyes 145

Gurney, Ashley Buell,

Synopsis of the Grylloblattidae with the Description of

a new species from Oregon 159

Hatch, Melville H.,

Note on the Coleoptera Fauna of Alaska 63

Henry, Laura M.,

Biological Notes on Timena Californica Scudder 137

Hovanitz, William,

Concerning the Plebejus icarioides Rassenkreis 184

Hungerford, H. B.,

A New Notonecta from Mexico 180

Ill

James, Maurice T.,

The Genus Comantella Curran 61

Kessel, Edward L., and Kessel, Berta B.,

The Life History of Guarax arane Coq 58

Lange, W. Harry,

A New Epinotia from California 118

Light, S. F,,

A Collection of Termites from Ceylon and Java 15

Linsley, E. Gorton,

The Effect of Stylopization on Andrena portarae Ckll 157

Linsley, E, Gorton, and Charles D. Michener,

Some New Genera and Species of North American Para-

sitic Bees 75

McKenzie, Howard L.,

Generic Characters of Aonidiella and a Description of

a New Species from Australia 176

Nunenmacher, F, W.,

Studies among the Coccinellidae, VHI 182

Pacific Coast Entomological Society, Proceedings 141

Philip, Cornelius B.,

New Horseflies from the Southwestern Unitad States 64

Ross Edward S.,

A New Species of Dendrophilus from California 67

Scott, David B,,

Collembola found under the Bark of Dead Trees in

California, With Descriptions of Two New Species.— 131

Smith, Clyde B.,

The Aphid Genus Flabellomicrosiphum in Utah 127

Sudgen, John W.,

Notes on the Migrational Flights of Vanessa cardui in

Utah 109

Timberlake, P. H.,

New Species of Andrena from California 69

Upholt, W. M,,

Two New Mayflies from the Pacific Coast 85

Uvarov, B. P,,

A Representative of an Old World Subfamily of Acri-

(didae in Southwestern United States 97

Van Duzee, Edward P.,

A Few New Hemiptera 25

Supplemental Notes on a Cieadellid 120

White, B. E.,

Three New Beetles of the Genus Cryptoeephalus Ill

Wilcox, J.,

Asilidae, New and Otherwise, from the Southwest 37

Williams, Francis X.,

Notes on the Biology of Gynacantha nervosa 1

A Note on Gyrinid Beetles from Escuintla, Guatemala 129

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